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iad THE
GARDEN MAGAZINE

Devoted to Planting and Managing the Grounds About the Home
and to the Cultivation of Fruits, Vegetables and Flowers

Volume XIV

August, 1911, to January, 1912

| ENTS
( oct29%e6 )

LIBRARIES

GARDEN Cir Yy NEW YORK
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

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*

INDEX

Abies, 232.*

About Cottage Tulips, 136.

A. C. A., articles by, 186, 286.

Adams, H. S., articles by, 113, 136, 158.

African lily, blue, 62.*

Agapanthus, 62.*

Alkali Land, Making a Garden in, 258.*

Allen, R. O., article by, 282.

Alstroemeria, 238.*

A. L. T., article by, 272.

Althea, 68.

Amateur Cold Storage, 70.*

Ancient Garden City, An, 228.*

Andress, J. Mace, article and photo-
graphs by, 260.

Andrews, D. M., photograph by, 280.

Anemone coronaria, 82.

Anemones, I10,* 111,* 112.*

Angell, H. E., photographs by, 64, 210,
214.

I. M., articles by, 130, 188.
photographs by, 130, 188, 190.
Annual “Round-up” of Gardening

Achievements, 213.*
Another Idea for Garden Clothes, 24.
Aphis, 173.*
Apple blossoms, 162.*
Jelly, Two Flavors for, 175.
tree, 163,* 266.*
Arbutus, forcing in glass bowl, 125.*
Are Tree or Standard Roses Any Good,
192.*
As the Fruit Ripens, 28.
Aster troubles, 224.
Asters, 161.*
New England, 230.
August in the fruit garden, 28.
Auricula, 186.*
Autumn Planting of Roses, The, 118.*
seed sowing, 126.
transplanting in, 106.
Azalea, white, hardy, 286.*

Baccharis, 161.
Back Yard, The, 26.
Bag worms, 140.*
Baird, Thomas, article and photograph
by, 213.
Bamboos for stakes, 222.
Barnes, Parker T., articles by, 34, 82,
126, 234.
photographs by, 34, 126, 234.
Barron, Leonard, article by, 261.
photographs by, 66, 173, 186, 217.
Barrows, Anna, article and photograph
by, 223.
Basket making, 221.*
Beans, 23.*
Beautiful Forest Flower, A, 86.*
Bedding Plants for Next Year, 63.
Bedell, Vinton, plans drawn by, 264.
Beginning a Fruit Garden, 264.*
Bellflowers, 1,* 8,* 9,* 10,* 11,* 272.
Best of All Larkspurs, 284.*
B. G., articles by, 90, 288.
Blanket flower, 160.*
Bleeding heart, transplanting, 142.
Bluebells, 10.*
Blueberries by the Bushel, 213.
Bonsteel, F. E., article by, 40.
Borer, hickory nut, 109.*
Boston fern family, the, 261,* 262,* 263.*
Boult, Ella M., photographs by, 24, 162.
Brake, purple cliff, 126.*
Brooks, Earl, article by, 24.
Bulb Department, 238.
Work for Schools, 121.*
Bulbs, cape, 60,* 76.*
Dutch, for California Gardens, 132.

ROe THE

Volume XIV — August, 1911, to January, 1912

Copyrighted, 1912, by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.

The asterisk (*) signifies that the subject is illustrated

Bulbs, for spring, planting, 114.*
keeping, 224.
mulch for, 176.
six ways to grow, 144.
sun for, 123.
Business Man’s Garden, A, 21.*

Cabbages, giant, 216.*
Cactus grafting, 24.*
Calcium carbide, 70.
California, Cape Bulbs for, 76.*
flowers for, 182.
Gardens, Dutch Bulbs for, 132.
Some Irises for, 36.*
Campanula, 1,* 8,* 9,* 10,* 11.*
from seed, 123.
Canning Fruit for Winter, 69.*
vegetables, 124.*
Canterbury bell, 1,* 9.*
Cape bulbs, 61,* 62.*
for California, 76.*
Carbon bisulphide, 70.
Cedars, moving, in November, 176.
C. E. J., article by, 215.
Celery, storing outdoors, 176.
Chemicals for Garden Use, 70.
Chestnuts in a Backyard, 215.*
Children’s Gardens Everywhere, 23, 67,
121, 173, 220, 267.
Chilian Herb Lily, The, 238.*
Christmas rose, 161,* 244,* 282.
Tree for the Birds, A, 213.
Chrysanthemum Bud, “Taking” the
66.*
plants, shipping, 236.
Chrysanthemums, types of, 167,* 168,*
169.*
Clematis, 215.*
Japanese, 45.*
Climbing rose, 213.*
Clothes for garden wear, 24.
Cold storage, 70.*
Coldframe, 174.*
Coleman, A. R., photographs by, 167,
168, 169.
Conover, M. Roberts, articles by, 26,
69, 84, 116, 124.
photographs by, 69, 84, 116, 124.
Corn in Seventy-five Days, 213.*
Cosmos, 149.*
blooming early, 26.
Cottage tulips, 136.
Crassula falcata, 234.*
Creighton, Jr., Samuel H., article and
photograph by, 213.
Crinum, 62.*
Crocuses and chickens, 269.
Crops, late, planting for, 30.
Cuckoo Flower, The, 90.*
Cucumber, wild, 65.*
Cumming, James, article and photograph
by, 115.
Cuttings, set in spring and autumn, 108.
Cutworms, exterminating, 176.
Cyclamen for Everybody, 32.*
Cynthia moths, 140.
Cypress, bald, 176.
Cypripedium, 86.*

Daffodils, how to grow, 14,* 15.*
Dasheens, 210,* 212.*

Dates, growing, in America, 18.*
Davis & Riggs, photograph by, 122.
Decorating the Luncheon Table, 271.*
Delphinium Chinense, 284.*

Designs for fences, 17.*

Desmodium, 123.

Dianthus, 54,* 55,* 56,* 57.*
Diclytra, 142.

Doctoring trees, 165.*
Don’t Neglect Your Trees, 140.*
Doogue, L. J., article by, 216.
photographs by 175, 216.
Dowd, Frank C., article and photograph
by, 215.
Downing, J. E., article and photographs
by, 210.
Draining a Wet Garden, 84.*
Duffy, Sherman R., article by, 14.
photographs by, 14, 15.
Dugmore, A. R., photographs by, 68,
112, 195.
Dutch Bulbs for California Gardens, 132
Dutchman’s pipe, 64.*
Dwarf Zinnia, A, 134.

E. F., article by, 213.

Eldredge, Arthur G., photographs by,
I, 68, III, 112, 113, 149, 158, 159, 160,
164, 226, 261, 262, 263, 284.

Endive, 24.

Erfurt, history of, 230.*

Ever-Blooming Bellflower, An, 272.

Evergreens, decorative effect of, 218
219.*

E. W. O., article by, 216.

Fall planting, for and against, 106.*
Permanent Vines for, 119.
vs. Spring Planting Again, 272.
Fascinating Beauty of Some Cape Bulbs
The, 60.*
Fences and hedges, 16,* 17.*
wooden vs. wire, 224.
Fennel, 171,* 172.*
Fern, Boston, 261,* 262,* 263.*
Fertilizers, 272.
Ferula, 171.*
Field Crops, 40.
Figs, 68.
outdoors, 269.
Fir, Nordmann’s, 232.*
Fleabane, 68.*
Flint, Lillian C., photograph by, 214.
Florists’ business, 176.
Flower beds, how to make, 272.
Flowers, after frost, 160,* 161.*
Eleven Months in the Year, 24.
for California, 182.
limed soils, 222.
Foeniculum, 172.*
Food hopper, 260.*
For the Pacific Coast, 76.
Forcing Anemone Coronaria, 82.
arbutus indoors, 125.*,
Foxgloves, self-sown, 215.
Frame to Protect Plants from the Frost,
A, 130.*
Frost flowers that endure, 160,* 161.*
protecting plants from, 130.*
vegetables from, 188.*
Fruit centrepieces for the table, 271.*
garden beginning, 264.*
The, 28, 72, 136.
picking and keeping, 136.
trees, dormant, pruning, 265.*
Fun of Collecting Anemones, IV., The,
1I0.*
Bellflowers, The, 8.*
Hardy Pinks, The, 54.*
Stonecrops, I., The, 254.*

Gaillardia, 160,* 161.
Garden clothes, 24.
liming, 272.
Luxuries in Winter, 124.*
of Little Labor and Much Delight, A,
58.*
plans, 206, 264, 274.*

GARDEN MAGAZINE

Gardens, California, Dutch Bulbs for,
132.

Gentian, 160.

Geranium, 117.*
flavoring for jelly, 175.

G. F. Y., article by, 134.

Giant parsnip, 171.*

Gifford, John, article and photographs
by, 276.

Gladiolus, 78.*

Golden Flower for Everybody’s Garden,
he; 167:*

Good, F. Mason, photograph by, 254.

Gooseberries, European, 113.*

Gourds, 65.*

Grafting Crab Cactus on Cereus, 24.*

Grape vines, protecting, 224.

pruning, 178.*

Graves, Nathan R., photographs by,
8, 9, 10, II, 13, 16, 45, 61, 62, 110,
III, 112, 114, 117, 119, 122, 160, 161,
192, 238, 244, 288.

Growing Anemones Near Chicago, 82.
dates in America, 18.*
Mushrooms for Home Use, 115.
vegetables indoors, 124.*

Gum seseli, 170.*

*

Hale, Marcia E., article by, 126.
Hamamelis, 160,* 161.
Hardy garden, protecting, 158,*
160.*
violets, 68.
White Azalea, 286.*
Harebell, 9.*
H. E. A., article by, 214.*
Hedge, privet, 16.*
Rose, 119.*
Hedges and fences, 16,* 17.*
Heliotrope, 117.*
Helleborus, 161,* 244,* 282.
H. E. M.., article by, 175.
Hepaticas in January, 269.
Heracleum, 171.*
Hibiscus, 68.
Hickory nut borer, 109.*
Hiding the garbage can, 222.
Holly from seed, 224.
Hollyhock disease, 269.
giant, 213.*
Holmes, Harry N., articles by, 24, 272.
photograph by, 24.
Honeysuckle, 13,* 64.*
Hop, Japanese, 64.*
House plant, parsley as a, 269.
plants, 117,* 173.
Housekeeper, The, 69, 124, 175, 223, 270.
How I Learned to Grow Good Daffodils,
14.*
to grow cyclamen, 32.*
make flower beds, 272.
Howland A., article by, 21.
photographs and plan by, 21, 22.
H. S. A., articles by, 86, 280.
H. T. L., articles by, 24, 238.
Hudson, Leslie, article by, 114.
Humble Koonti, The, 276.*
Hyacinth, 122.*
Hydrocotyle, 169.*
I. L. P., article by, 236.
Inarching, seedling, 20,* 21.*
Innula, 68.*
Interesting Family of House Ferns, An,
216.*
Succulent, An, 234.*
Iris Susiana, 36.*
Irises for California, 36.*
Ivy, 209.*
English, 13.

159,*

*

Jackson, M. E., article by, 175.
Japanese Toad Lily, The, 284.*
Jelly, Apple, Two Flavors for, 175.
Jenkins, W. H., articles by, 28, 72, 136,
178, 265.
photographs by, 72, 178, 180, 265.
J. E. R., article by, 214. t
Johnson, E. S., articles by, 70, 175.
photograph by, 7o.

Kilpatrick, Van Evrie, article by, 221.*

Kitchens, right and wrong arrangements,
69.*

Koonti, The Humble, 276.*

Kraemer, Emil J., photograph by, 118.

Kruhm, Adolph, article and photograph
by, 228, 230.

Lachenalia, 61.*
Larkspur, 176, 284.*
Lawn, renovating, 224.
seeding a, 176.
Lespedeza, 160.
Levison, J. J., articles by, 109, 140, 165.
photographs by, 109, 140, 142, 165.
Lilac, transplanting, 176.
Lilium candidum, 22,* 80,* 222.
Lily, Japanese toad, 284.*
Madonna, 80,* 222.
Lime, flowers for, 222.
Liming the garden, 272.
Lonsdale, Edwin, article by, 63.
Lychnis, 90,* 288.*

McAdam, Thomas, article by, 192.
McCollom, W. C., articles by, 12, 64,
119, 208, 217, 264.

photographs by, 209, 217, 218, 219.

McColm, Viola, article and photograph
by, 215.

McCready, S. B., article by, 267..

McMurray, William, photographs by,
16, 119.

Madonna lily, 22,* 80,* 222.

Magnolia, 274.*

Making a Garden in Alkali Land, 258.*
One Acre Look Like Ten, 206.*

Matrimony vine, 16.*

Mealy bug, 174.

Mell, C. D., photographs by, 232.

Merits of Nordmann’s Fir, The, 232.*

Mignonette, transplanting, 269.

Miller, Louise Klein, article and photo-
graph by, 268.

Miller, Wilhelm, articles by, 8, 54, 110,
169, 206, 254.

Mimulus, 68.*

Mitchell, Sydney B., articles by, 36, 76,
132, 167, 182.

photographs by, 36, 78.

Mix Your Own Fertilizer, 272.

Money Making Scheme, A, 24c.

Monkey flower, blue, 68.*

Montbretia, 62.*

Month’s Reminder, The, 7, 53, 105, 158,
205, 253.

Moving Cedars in November, 176.
Big Trees in Winter, 217.*

M. S. B., article by, 213.

Mulch for bulbs, 176.

Mulching, effect of, 108.
strawberries, 180.

Mushrooms in the cellar, 115.*

Narcissus, 14,* 15,* 122.*

Nash, Ethel, photograph by, 174.

Nasturtiums, 216.

National School
The, 220.

Neglected Evening Primrose, A, 280.*
Opportunity, A, 40.

Nephrolepis, 261,* 262,* 263.*

New Idea in Plant Propagation, A, 20.*

Nightshade, woody, 68.

Nitrate of soda, 70.

Northend, Mary H., photographs by,
69, 125, 266, 271. 2

Note from a Suffragette, A, 272.

Garden Association,

Obedient plant, 288.*
O'Connell, D. F., article by, 175.
October in the South, 128.*

INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

CEnothera, 280.*

Orange seedlings, 123.

Orchard, a healthy, 265.*
trees, pruning old, 162.*

Oregon, Red Roses in, 126.

Paine, L. F., drawing by, 206.
photographs by, 207, 208.
Panicum, 216.*
Parker, Lulu G., article by, 24.
Parsley as a house plant, 269.
seeding, 224.
Patterson, James A., article by, 240.
Peaches, 128.*
Pear, not flowering, 176.
Pergola, 93.*
Permanent Vines for Fall Planting, 119.
Perry, R. N., photograph by, 174.
Personal Experiences, 240, 272.
Pests on house plants, 174.
Peucedanum, 172.*
Phlox, 22.*
self-sown, 269.
Physostegia, 288.*
Picking and Keeping the Fruit Crop,
136.
Pinks, hardy, 54,* 55," 56,* 57.”
Plan of garden, 206.
Planning for Summer, 226.*
the Garden, 274.*
Plans for fruit gardens, 264.
Plant Lily Bulbs Now, 80.*
pests, 174.
propagation, 20,* 21.*
Planting About the House, 116.*
bulbs, 114.*
for Late Crops, 30.
Spring Flowers, 114.
in fall, 106.*
frozen soil, 222.
trees, 182.
vines in fall, 119.
Plants in a North Window, 175.*
potting, 173.”
Plowhead, Mrs. E. H., articles by, 258,
270.
photographs by, 258, 259.
Plues, Robert L., article by, 268.
Plum, 107.*
Plume poppy, 176.
Potting Plants, 173.*
Poppies, run wild, 123.
protecting, 176.
Poultry, Value of a Garden in Keeping,
260.*
Powell, I. L., article by, 66.
Julie Adams, article by, 24.
Practical Hints for Beginners, 24, 70, 236.
Preparing for Winter, 178.*
Primrose, evening, 280.*
Primulas, Wintering, 186.*
Privet from cuttings, 123.
hedge, 16.*
pruning, 176.
Protecting a hardy garden, 158,* 159,*
160.*
fruits for winter, 178.*
grape vines, 224.
plants from frost, 130.
poppy plants, 176.
Vegetables from Early Frost, 188.*
Protection, winter, of vines, 208.*
Pruning Dormant Fruit Trees, 265.*
grape vines, 178.*
privet, 16.*
the Old Orchard Trees, 162.*
. rosa rugosa, 68.
Trees, 140.*
Puffball, giant, 214.*

*

**

Rawley, Estelle M., article by, 126.

Readers’ Experience Club, 68, 123, 222,
269.

Readers’ Service, 176, 224.

Red Roses in Oregon, 126.

Rehmannia, wintering, 222.

Reminders for Garden Work, 26.

Renovating old lawn, 224.

R.G. P., article by, 125.

Roadside Gardening, 282.

Rockwell, F. F., photographs by, 173, 174.

Rogers, W. S., articles by, 16, 118.

Rosa rugosa, pruning, 68.
Rose bugs, heliotrope for, 222.
climbing, 213.*
Dorothy Perkins, 258.*
hedge, 16,* 119.*
propagation, 215.
Roselle, 211,* 212.*
Roses, 222, 226.*
and Nasturtiums, 216.
autumn planting of, 118.*
cutting, 123.
Red, in Oregon, 126,
tree or standard, 192.*

Sage bush, 259.*
Salads, winter, tomatoes for, 125.
Salvia, blue, 269.
Sanborn, Robert A., article by, 20.
photographs by, 20, 21.
Scale insects, 174.
School Gardens in Ohio, 267.*
in Ontario, 267.
Seakale, 211.* ‘
Sears, Thomas W., photograph by, 93.
Sedum, 254,* 255,° 256," 257.7
Seed pods sprouting, 269.
sowing in autumn, 126.
testing, 88.
vitality of, 269.
Seedling, inarching, 20,* 21.*
Seeds, shading, 222.
September in the fruit garden, 72.*
Seseli, 170.* ‘
Seymour, E. L. D., article by, 144.
Shading seeds, 222.
Shaw, Ellen Eddy, articles by, 23, 67,
121, 172, 220, 266.
Showell, John G., photograph by, 163.
Shrubs from seed, 68.
Six Different Ways of Growing Bulbs,
144.
Solanum, 68.
Some California I'lowers, 182.
Cape Bulbs for California Gardens,
76.*
Flowers That Endure Frost, 160.*
Ideas for Better Hedges and Fences,
16.*
Trises for California Gardens, 36.*
Plebeian Vegetables for Winter Use,
Zaha
South, reminder for the, 186.
Southern Department, 28, 80, 128, 226,
274.
Sow Endive for December Use, 24.
Sowing Seed in Autumn, 126.
Spencer, O. A., article by, 272.
Spiegel, Moe, article and photograph
by, 216.
Spring, Florence, article by, 117.
transplanting in, 108.
vs. Fall Planting Again, 272.
Status of Date Culture in America, The,
18.*
Steed, Thomas J., articles by, 30, 80,-128,
186, 226, 274.
photograph by, 274.
Stonecrops, 254,* 255,* 256,* 257.*
Strawberries, mulching, 180.
Summer and Winter Gardening, 214.*
plans for the South, 226.*
Sunflower border, 260.*
Superb Lychnis, A, 286.*
Sweet William, 55.*

Table decorations of fruits, 271.*
vegetables, 125.*
Taking Care of the Vines in Winter, 208.*
the Chrysanthemum Bud, 66.*
Taylor, Norman, article by, 160.
T. W., article by, 88.
T. B. E., article by, 142.
Testing Seed, 88.
Thayer, Edna R., photograph by, 121.
This Month’s Cover, 282.
Tile drains, 84.*
Tobacco plant indoors, 123.
Tomatoes for winter salads, 125.
Toward the End of the Summer, 72.*
Trailing Arbutus as a House Plant, 125.
Trained European Gooseberries for
America, 113.*

Transplanting Bleeding Heart, 142.

in autumn, 106.
spring, 108.

mignonette, 269.

‘old lilac, 176.

trees in winter, 217.*

Transporting Specimen
mums, 236.

Trees, doctoring old, 165.*
fruit, pruning, 265.*
moving in winter, 217.*
planting, 182.
pruning, 140.*

Tricyrtis, 284.*

Tritonia, 62.*

Troth, Henry, photographs by, 12, 13,
18, 117, 218, 219, 288.

Trucking, 224. ;

Trumbull, Mrs. E. E., article and photo-

graph by, 125.

Tulip, cottage, 136.
deep planting for, 123.

Tussock moth egg masses, 140.*

Two “Discoveries,” 175.

Flavors for Apple Jelly, 175.
Hardy Lupines, 24.*

Udo, 211.*

Umbrella-Bearers, A Worthy Family,
The, 169.*

Uncommon Vegetables Worth Growing,
Ai

Unruly Obedient Plant, The, 288.*

Unusual Wall Garden, An, 126.*

Chrysanthe-

Value of a Garden in Keeping Poultry,
The, 260.* :

Van Deman, HI. E., article by, 18.

Vegetable soup, 270.
table decorations, 125.*

Vegetables, 259.*
canning, 124.*
for winter use, 223.*
grown indoors, 124.*
protecting from early frost, 188.*
uncommon, worth growing, 211,* 212,*

ie}.

Vines for Veranda Decoration, 12.*
Permanent, for Fall Planting, 119.
protecting over winter, 208.*

With Ornamental Foliage or Fruit, 64.*

Violets, hardy, 68.

Von Weller, Charles, article by, 272.

Wall Garden, An Unusual, 126.* 6
Wallis, E. J., photographs by, 54, 55, 56,
169, 170, 171, 172, 255, 256, 257.
Walter, F. A., photograph by, 286.
Warthin, Aldred Scott, article by, 58.
photographs by, 16, 59.
Weeds as a mulch, 222.
Weigela, 107.*
West, Oscar J., article by, 82. :
Whitten, Prof. J. C., article by, 106.
photographs by, 107.
Whole Tomatoes for Winter Salads, 125.
Why Fall Planting is Good, 106.* :
My Hardy Garden is Hardy, 158.*
We Lime the Garden, 272.
Wiederich, Chester, article by, 215.
Wild Flowers In Texas, 282.
Willcox, E. E., photographs by, 65.
Williams, Mrs. J. L., article and photo-
graph by, 213.
Window Boxes for Inside the House,
216,*
Garden, Winter Flowers for the, 117 *
plants, 175.*
Wing, J. E., photograph by, ,12. :
Winter Flowers for the Window Garden,
117.*
Is Coming, 186.
killing, 222.
moving big trees in, 217.*
protection of vines, 208.*
vegetables, 223.*
Wintering Primulas, 186.*
Witch hazel, 160.*
W. M.., article by, 230.

Z., article by, 232.
Zinnia, dwarf, 134.

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PLANT TUBS AND WINDOW BOXES. Ask Flowers should visit our nursery and see this wonder-

fer speeial lists. ful plant in bloom.

OUR FORMAL ROSE GARDEN. This formal rose garden is now a permanent feature of ournurseries. We
claim it to be the only commercial rose garden in the country laid out on so comprehensive a plan and established
as a fixture for exhibition purposes. In addition to the Roses in our Formal Rose Garden, we have many
thousands in bloom in several hundred varieties. Do not fail to inspect our entire collection while visiting
our Nursery.

OUR ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOGUE NO. 25 will tell you about the above and all our other products for Jawns and gardens.

Ask for Autumn Bulb Catalogue We Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Everywhere
WE CAN MAKE OLD GARDENS NEW AND NEW GARDENS OLD WITH OUR “WORLD’S CHOICEST NURSERY PRODUCTS”
VISITORS, take Erie R. R. to Carlton Hill, second stop on Main Line; 3 minutes’ walk to Nursery.

BOBBINK & ATKINS
Nurserymen, Florists and Planters RUTHERFORD, N. J.

HOLLAND BULBS || \“VELVETLAWN”

Grass Seeders and Fertilizer Sowers
HY ACINTHS, ; Beautiful Velvety amane
TULIPS, ©" Polat ean
DARWIN TULIPS

DAFFODILS, etc.

seed in the ground —NOT ON TOP. It
saves seed. The wind or rain cannot carry
the seed away, because it is all put in the
ground where germination and growth takes
place quickly, the cutting action of the discs
opens narrow furrows in the sod, and the force feeds carry an equal amount
of seed into every furrow. The discs do not tear the sod, but relieve it
of its root-bound condition and let the AIR IN.

SAVE THE COST OF SOD

It is foolish to sod, because a BETTER LAWN can be had by drill- (Cay
ing pure-bred Grass Seed at one-tenth the expense. ‘‘ Velvetlawn”
Seeders have proven their worth by the work they have done —by
the beautiful lawns they have made.

“VELVETLAWN” FERTILIZER SOWERS

will sow any brand of Dry Pulverized Fertilizer in any quantity
desired and scatter it evenly over the ground. It does not waste the
Fertilizer because the cultivator teeth work the material in the soil.
This is the only hand-power Sower in the world that will do the
work accurately and evenly. Price complete, $6, f.o.b., Springfield, O.

INDISPENSABLE TO GARDENERS

Just the machine to sow fertilizers between the rows of growing
vegetables, strawberry plants, etc. These machines are ,
absolutely and unreservedly warranted to do ALL we claim agave.
for them. Satisfaction or your money back. No fuss about (e=sliciheaballte
it either. Send for Booklets.

“VELVETLAWN” SEEDER CO.
Box 555, Springfield, Ohio

Choicest Selection of First-class Quality only
Delivered free in New York Duty Paid

CATALOGUE FREE ON APPLICATION TO

ANT. ROOZEN & SON

Buibgrowers

OVERVEEN , nr. Haarlem, HOLLAND

What is a fair rental for a given 3

AuGacustTt, 1911 ar H E G A R D E N M A G A Z, I N E property? Ask the Readers’ Service

ey ‘ em

AUGUST, 1911
Cover DESIGN Canterbury Bells - - = - = - = = = = = = = = = = = = = - = = = = = - - = Arthur G. Eldredge
PAGE PAGE
Aucust Work For FuturE RESULTS - - = - - - - - 7 CHILDREN’S GARDENS EVERYWHERE - - - Ellen Eddy Shaw 23

f Photograph by E. K. Thomas
THE Fun oF COLLECTING BELLFLOWERS - - Wilhelm Miller 8

Photographs by Nathan R. Graves PRACTICAL HINTS! FOR BEGINNERS = - = - = = = = = 24

Photographs by Harry N. Holmes and Ella M. Boult

VINES FOR VERANDA DECORATION - - - W.C.McCollom 12 R G W
Photographs by H. Troth, N. R. Graves and others EMINDERS FOR GARDEN ORK - - - -WM. Roberts Conover 26
How I Learnep To Grow Darropits - - Sherman R. Duffy 14 AS THE Fruit Ripens - - - - - - - - W.H. Jenkins 28

Photographs by the author

'
!
1)
'

Thomas J. Steed 30
- Parker T. Barnes 32

PLANTING FOR LATE CROPS’ -

Some IDEAS FOR BETTER HEDGES AND FENCES -W.S. Rogers 16

Photographs by A. S. Warthin, N. R. Graves and others CYCLAMEN FOR EVERYBODY Mer aryl

Photograph by the author

Some IRISES FOR CALIFORNIA GARDENS - - Sydney B. Mitchell 36
Photograph by W. K. Fisher

A NEw IDEA IN PLANT PROPAGATION - - - R.A. Sanborn 20 A NEGLECTED OPPORTUNITY - - - -
Photographs by the author

Tue STATUS OF DATE CULTURE IN AmEeRICA H. E. Van Deman 18
Photograph by A. Boggs

- F. E. Bonsteel 40

GROWING ANEMONES NEAR CHICAGO - - - - Oscar J. 2
A Business Man’s GARDEN - - - - - - -A. Howland at ONEEE SWS 8
Photographs by the author

Forcinc ANEMOME CORONARIA - - - P.T. Barnes 42

he aes ae WILHELM MILLER, Epitor —Copryricnr, 1911, bY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY For tore Postage
Binele@opieea: ets: Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 For Ganadieda asc.

F. N. Dousiepay, President WALTER H. Pace, HERBERT S. Houston, Vice-Presidents H. W. Lanter, Secretary S. A. Everitt, Treasurer

Delights of an Old-Time Garden—

Make Them Yours by Planting These “Quality” Seeds NOW

There’s a world of pleasure in a well-chosen perennial garden—
one that really fulfills its purpose.

Not ahaphazard bunching up of plants, but a carefully-planned
grouping of sorts that go well together; not a lotof flowers bloom-
ing all at once, and then gone for the season, but an array of
beds from which flowers may be cut practically every day all
summer.

And the beauty of itis that, with proper care, the plants are yours,

Boddington’s Quality Double Hollyhocks

Pkt. 4% Oz.
Apple Blossom ...............0 eee ee econ $0 10 $0 50
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IIASA Susi a bab Hoes anaoeabnenooonOne 10 50
Grimson herrcm ctor cc einieyaleietiere ctewelciavaiavere 10 50
Golden Yellow .............:.0 cece cence 10 50
EDV AC Mere tece sensei alesse os bisterenienovaae htt e ci 10 50
Peach Blossom ......5.... 0.00020 cerceeeews 10 50
LAOS) ee St Ee Os ES CRE RT ee 10 50
SEH Oy NEE 35 oats peonaeeu es Ho cen oanee eran 10 50
Carlet arene ceva case tel pervs uraleveraialsyoleraislene)s 10 50
NSNLO Wis WILE Meare cereisc nie cteieiorsct sis eisrefe:sie ets irelte 10 50
MIE © Cbs Sayer seie cee aco ayes Sle scat woven’ Sreraueleisratalers 10 40

The above choice collection, including 12 varieties
Boddington’s Quality Hollyhocks, $1; 8 varieties, 75

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Allegheny, Single Fringed, finest mixed ..$0 10 $1 00

Single, finest mixed...............0000e- 10 100

Hardy Perennials

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Achillea ‘‘The Pearl,’’ double white ............ $0 10
Aquilegia (Columbine), Boddington’s long

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not for one season only but year after year without replanting.

The following collections of Boddington’s ‘‘Quality” Seeds
make such a garden an easy possibility for you at very little cost.
Order and plant them now, and the flowers will bloom freely for
you next year.

Complete directions, with a copy of our beautifully-illustrated
Sunt Garden Guide, described bduw will be sent you with
the seeds.

Campanula (Canterbury Bell), single, rose, blue, $

Whi, Or wih Gola oocesuqsacacagasscopucsoong0e 05
Campanula, double rose, blue, white or mixed... 05
Chrysanthemum Maximum ‘‘ Shasta Daisy’’.... 05
Delphinium (Hardy Larkspur), Erskine Park

lyon Shao poobun cUsboU DUS Dou DODO bUoUoTOoDe 25

Digitalis Gloxinieflora (Foxglove) finest mixed. 05
Gaillardia Grandiflora (Blanket Flower), Bod-

dington’s new hybrids ...........0.-..--+.---- 25
Gypsophila Paniculata (Baby’s Breath) white... 05
Hesperis Matronalis (Sweet Rocket), mixed .... 10
Lathyrus Latifolius (Everlasting Sweet Peas,)

INNER OC Vaycel cere eieteneincietorlefoveicrein orameieee iene eteveratsie cle 10
Lobelia Cardinalis (Cardinal Flower}, red....... 10
Myosotis (Forget-me-not) Mixed.......... suseiate 10
(nothera (Evening Primrose), mixed .......... 10
Papaver Nudicaule (Iceland Poppy), mixed..... 05
Papaver Orientale (The Oriental Poppy), finest

TMDLs Capen doosOSaDOODDCOOBNOONOSOMODEBOB AAC 19
Platycodon Mariesii (Chinese Bell Flower),

MME GO ocomaaacae gandoDaUdd anon UCODDeNNaGONS 10

Primula Vulgaris (English Primrose), yellow... 10
Pansy Boddington’s Challenge (allgiants),mixed 25
Viola Cornuta (Tufted Pansy), mixed.......... 10
Collection of the above 20 useful varieties ...... 1.00

48 pages, fully il-

Boddington’s Summer and Autumn Garden Guide Now Ready {iafiicd mroucn-

out; cultural directions, accurate descriptions. Contains a full list of Bulbs and Needs for Summer and Fall Planting, also about
500 varieties of Perennial Seeds that can be grown this year and that will flower next— with full cultural directions as to sowing,
and other valuable information. Summer «nd Autumn Garden Guide mailed free. Send post card to-day.

ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, Seedsman, Dept. G., 342 West 14th St., New York City

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service will give
tnjormation about automobiles

[-THE:

BOY SCOUTS

By the time this paragraph is printed,
most people in the United States who are
interested in boys will know something about
the Boy Scouts. There are already 300,000
or 400,000 Boy Scouts in our own country,
and several hundred thousand more in other
countries; and no movement in recent years
has spread so fast, or bids likely to have so
great an influence as this Boy Scout organi-
zation.

It is a great satisfaction and pleasure that
the Scouts have asked Doubleday, Page &
Co. to publish for them the official handbook,
which is much more than a handbook, but
in many ways is a very remarkable book for
boys. There is nothing like it that has been
printed before. Here is a list of the chapters
which fairly well indicate what the volume
covers:

CHAPTER
1. Scoutcraft:

II. Woodcraft:

Woodlore, Birdcraft, Shells and Shell
Fish, Reptiles, Insects and Butter-
flies, Fishes and Angling, Aquarium,
Rocks and Pebbles, Flowers, Ferns
and Grasses, Mushrooms, Fungi
or Toadstools, Common North
American Trees, Native Wild Ani-
mals.

III. Campcraft:

Hiking and Over-Night Camps,
Canoeing amd Sailing.

IV. Tracks, Trailing and Signaling.

V. Health and Endurance.

VI. Chivalry.

First Aid and Life Saving.

Games and Athletic Standards:
Indoor and Outdoor Games, Ath-
letic Standards and Records.

IX. Patriotism and Citizenship.

The book contains scores of illustrations,
and it is the boy’s book par excellence. It
may be had from Boy Scouts bookseller,
or by mail from the office of the Boy Scouts
of America, 200 Fifth Avenue, New York,

TALK: OF-TH

E

“To business that we love we rise betime
And go to ’t with delight.”,—A xtomy and Cleopatra

or from Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City,
N. Y. The price in flexible linen cover is
25 cents, and in cloth 50 cents.

ERNEST THOMPSON SETON’S NEW BOOK
“ROLF IN THE WOODS ”

In the last year probably a quarter of a
million American boys have joined the Boy
Scouts of America; and the tremendous
spread of this movement makes especially
interesting a new book by the Chief Scout
of the organization, Mr. Ernest Thompson
Seton. It is called ‘Rolf in the Woods,”
and the author’s idea has been to show the
fundamental necessity for the knowledge
of nature, woodcraft, outdoor life in general,
and the self-reliant ability to do things and
meet emergencies — which are the main ac-
tivities of Boy Scouts. In story form, he
narrates how the youngster, Rolf, takes to the
woods perforce with old Indian Quonab and
“Tittle Dog Skookum” for companions and
teachers: and then all the woods lore he
has been slowly acquiring becomes a matter
of daily existence, often of life and death.
When he has grown to be a true woodsman,
after a series of most absorbing adventures,
Rolf finds a chance to put all his knowledge
into use as a daring scout and messenger in
the War of 1812. It’s a splendid tale for
young folks, but it’s also something more;
for nobody can read it without seeing that
the modern “outdoor” movement is not a
fad, but is based on truth and human need
and experience.

READY THREE NEW VOLUMES OF THE
GARDEN LIBRARY

They are Vines, Chrysanthemums, and
Garden Planning, they cost $1.10.

MAGAZINE DATES OF DELIVERY

We have received from the Second Assis-
tant Postmaster General’s office a statement
that owing to the fact that fast freight trains
are to be used in sending our magazines to the
subscriber instead of fast mail trains, in the
states of Illinois, lowa, Kentucky, Tennessee
and Wisconsin it will take three days longer
to reach the subscriber; in the states of

OFFICE: |

Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma and Texas
four days longer; in the states of Arizona,
California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Minne-
sota, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New
Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Da-
kota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming, it will
take five days longer.

We shall do our best to get our magazines
in the mail as early as possible, and we shall
deliver the subscriber’s copies to the Post
Office not later than we deliver the news-
dealers’ supply to the American News Com-
pany. If your magazine is late, it is beyond
us to remedy the matter, as we are doing our
utmost to meet the dates suggested by the
Post Office, but these changes are so radical
that we cannot advance our publication
date as much as these figures demand. On
one of our magazines it would mean doubling
our present printing and binding capacity.

THE CHILDREN’S LIBRARY OF WORK AND PLAY

This set of books, about which we have
written before in this page, is now complete,
and is being shipped to subscribers.

It is, now that the whole set is rounded up
and complete, a better set than we had hoped
for: that is, it more nearly fits the purposes
for which it was made.

At this time of year we hope parents who
are anxious to have their children interested
in something beside play, and take to reading
which will lead beyond idle pleasure, will
send for the pamphlet that we have ready
describing the set.

Just send a postal asking for “The
Children’s Library of Work and Play”
pamphlet, and address Doubleday, Page &
Co., at Garden City, N. Y.

GARDENERS AND AUTOMOBILES

We recently took a list of the subscribers
to The Garden Magazine in Portland, Me.
and compared it with the roll of owners of
automobiles in the Maine records of people
who had taken out licenses and found that
40 per cent. of all the people who subscribe
to The Garden Magazine owned a motor car.
Doubtless after a year of inspiration and
health brought about through reading this
magazine, the proportion would go up to 80
per cent. Every garden means a home.

The G

arden Magazine

VoL. XIV—No. 1

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

AMOG AIS IES ISBT

§ ONE DOLLAR FIFTY CENTS A YEAR
' FIFTEEN CENTS A Copy

[For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is
generally taken asastandard. Allowsix days’ difference
for every hundred miles of latitude.]

August Work for Future Results

1 ieee watering, cultivating and liquid
feeding that you do in August will
be its own immediate reward. But a
number of other opportunities should not
be neglected simply because their benefits
will not accrue for several months.
People get into the habit of thinking
of springtime as the one and only planting
season, and of the months from July to
October as the period of the harvest.
Now, the wise gardener reverses this or-
der of things; he works while his neighbor
looks on —or sits in the shade — and, in
return, has vegetable food for at least
three of his senses all the year round.
August is the planting month for two
important groups of plants. First, herba-
ceous perennials, that wouldn’t bloom the
first summer even if the seed were sown
in April; and second, all the evergreens.

Planting Evergreens Is Easy

BEODED you save a good big

ball of roots, wrap it in burlap and
keep it from drying out. You see, you
should not prune back an evergreen, so
there is no way to lessen the evaporating
surface if you seriously reduce the number
of feeding roots.

If your hemlock hedge is .getting bare
at the base, plant a row of new small
trees about a foot in front of it.

You simply can not move deciduous
trees in this weather. But if you foresee
an instance where you will have to, some
time in the future, root prune now (that
is, dig a trench around the trunk several
feet away from it) and move the tree next
spring. This pruning develops a host of
small feeding roots that you can easily
handle without injuring them.

Flowers to Plant, and How

Paes list of hardy perennials is a long

and fragrant one. Foxglove, Can-
terbury bells, daisies, hollyhocks, all the
old time favorites, need only a Jight mulch
of coarse manure over winter. Moreover,
in this way you save money at the rate of
the difference between five cents for half
a hundred seeds, and twenty-five cents for
one plant from the nurseryman.

Sow pansies in their permanent positions
for summer bloom; or, to be wintered in a
coldframe if for early spring flowers.

English and Spanish iris, and the
Madonna or Annunciation lily need to make
a little fall growth, if they are to succeed
next spring. Therefore, plant them now.
Daffodils, too.

To Brighten the Home in Winter

[IDoxt you rebel, every winter, at the

emptiness of a house without grow-
ing flowers, and also at the alternative
of buying a few expensive, evanescent,
forced plants? Well, then, why don’t
you plant bulbs and sow seeds now? Have
the joy of caring for them and the reward
of enjoying them from Thanksgiving to
Easter.

Sow seeds of calceolaria, cineraria and
cyclamen and repot the seedlings later.

Sow mignonette in pots, but don’t try
to transplant — merely thin it out.

Dwarf red pepper plants started in a
frame or pots will provide a handsome
combination of green leaves and crimson
pods for December.

Freesias and Roman hyacinth bulbs will
soon be for sale. To get the best order
early. Plant at once. The blossoms will
enrich the Christmas festivities.

Bring carnations indoors to pots, boxes
or benches in the cool greenhouse.

Two bulbs, if planted before August 10,
will actually bloom this fall. They are the
fall crocus (colchicum) and sternbergia.

The perennial house plants can be in-
creased at this time. Bind some moss about
the stem of a “leggy” rubber plant, for
instance, keep it moist and when roots
form cut the stem below the moss and pot
your new, stocky plant.

Keeping Vegetables Growing

Wow can plant almost as many vege-

tables as flowers in August. Some
of them will be nipped by the frost, some
will have to be gathered very young, and
a few may never come to anything. But
it is a poor gardener who refuses to run
a few risks.

7

Beet greens are extremely edible at
eight weeks of age, even if the roots are
only ‘‘nubbins.”

New Zealand spinach will withstand any
amount of heat till we can sow the regular
fall crop.

In most gardens all that is needed for
newly set celery is plenty of water. You
can even sow a little for a very late crop.

Corn and peas seem doubly delicious
in the fall. And even if you fail to harvest
them you are out only a few cents. So
plant a little of the earliest varieties at
once.

Bush string beans, carrots, turnip-
rooted chervil, collards, corn salad, cu-
cumbers (for pickling) endive and lettuce,
mustard (for salad) parsley, salsify,
radishes, kohlrabi and turnips are other
crops that realize August planting ideals.

If you knock together a coldframe over
a bit of good soil, you can keep leaf crops
growing till snow flies.

“Worn out”? manure from old hotbeds.
is just the thing for mushroom beds in
the cellar.

Inside the House

Ac the beauty of the flowers is not
outdoors. One of the most fascina-
ting summer joys is arranging cut flowers.
See how exquisitely some of the coarse
wild grasses blend into the background.
One of the handsomest decorations I ever
saw was composed of the common aspara-
gus foliage, ferns, and the long tassels of
“love lies bleeding” (Amaranthus cau-
datus).

Scattered Thoughts that Help

OOK outside as well as inside your
garden for beauty of bush and berry.
The velvet plumes of the staghorn sumach,
and the bright, fresh fruits of magnolias,
early hawthornes, viburnums, elderberries,
etc., all carry a note of relief in these dry,
dusty days. The “hips” of the rugosa
rose are beautiful, too, now and all winter.
The black aster beetle 7s a bother. All
you can do is pick him off or perhaps you
can let a few hens do it for you.

A Year Saved

‘Yvou can save one year by setting straw-
berry plants (potted runners from
last spring) now, to bear within ten months.

Cut away old canes from blackberry and
raspberry bushes. Thin new growths to
three or four. Pinch these back to three
feet, and the laterals a little.

The Fun of Collecting Bellflowers—By Wilhelm Miller, 3

A FASCINATING GROUP WHICH INCLUDES THE HAREBELL, CANTERBURY BELLS,

STEEPLE BELLFLOWER, COVENTRY BELLS,

Oot every month I get a letter
like this: ‘“Send me the names of
all the nurserymen who offer campanulas.
I want every species that grows in the
whole world!” I can sympathize with
this passion, for I once ordered every
kind of Campanula catalogued by the
biggest dealer in Europe. But in my
humble opinion the genus is considerably
over-rated. It is one of those gentle
ironies of gardening that the plants be-
ginners most yearn for generally turn out
to be unsatisfactory. My friend Mr.
Whyte, of Ottawa, has grown nearly every
species and has discarded all but two or
three. The sad truth is that many of the
bellflowers look shabby or weedy after
blooming. Moreover the most exquisite
kinds require special care, for the most
popular kinds must be grown from
seed every year, the loveliest trailers
need a greenhouse, and the dwarfs, which
make such enchanting carpets, require
rock garden conditions, since they are
easily overrun and smothered by coarse
‘perennials like phlox and chrysanthemums.

But, pshaw! What beginner was ever
discouraged by an expert! The “fun”
of collecting is that you always find some
precious beauty, of which there is no
hint in the books, that amply repays you
for all the time and trouble.

I have never seen an article that ex-
plained the human interest in the com-
monest bellflowers. Also we greatly need
a better guide to the whole group than the
one I wrote for Bailey’s “Cyclopedia of
American Horticulture” in 1900. For
there are over one hundred names now to
be accounted for — enough to bewilder
any beginner and waste even an expert’s
money. ‘Therefore, I shall try only to
give a new classification which any be-
ginner can grasp, and mention the most
important improvements that have been
made since 1900.

THE ANNUAL BELLFLOWERS

Let us begin with the kinds that must
be sown every year. Of these, the most
extraordinary is the big-styled bellflower
(Campanula macrostyla), see No. 9),
which is famous for its excessively long
pistil, having stigmas an inch or more
long. It is the only species having a style
that sticks far out of the flower, and it
is brown and spindle-shaped before opening.
It has a purple flower two inches or more
in diameter, and is as beautiful as it is won-
derful. The plant grows a foot or two high.

Another annual which has come in since
my time is C. Loreyi.

THE BIENNIAL BELLFLOWERS

The most popular bellflowers are Canter-
bury bells and the steeple bellflower which

unfortunately, have to be sown every
year, since they do not bloom until the
second season.

Canterbury bells (see No. 5), are un-
doubtedly the showiest and most popular
of the whole group, having flowers two
or three inches in diameter. You can
have them in blue, purple, pink or white,
single or double. Doubling usually spoils
a Campanula by substituting a confused
mass of petalage for the clear cut form of
the original, but you can get double Canter-
bury bells which have one perfect bell
within another. And the climax of horti-
cultural perfection in this genus is the
Cup and Saucer variety (var. calycan-
thema) in which the saucer is colored like
the corolla, the green, leafy sepals having
grown together and assumed petal-like
texture — one of Nature’s most wonderful
transformations. Canterbury bells make
superb decorative plants and are often
grown in pots for porch or hall decoration,
but they can be lifted from the garden in
full bloom, potted and used for verandas.
The name of this species is Campanula
Medium. People often ask why Medium

1. Moerheim’s variety of the peach-leaved bellflower

8

AND OTHER FAMOUS FLOWERS

should be spelled with a capital M. It
is because the plant used to be called
Medium centuries before it was put into
the genus Campanula, and Linneus capital-
ized these old generic names of the Middle
Ages whenever he had to put them in
some other genus. The name Medium
has nothing to do with size of plant or
flower, so far as I know. Another curious
example is Citrus Medica, the lime, which
does not mean “medical citrus,” but
“citrus of the Medes.”

The most aristocratic species is the
steeple bellflower (Campanula pyramidalis),
also called the chimney bellflower, because
of its stately pyramids of bloom which
are often four to six feet high. This
is generally grown in large pots for
the decoration of porches, halls and ter-
races. The plants are not at their best,
as a rule, until the third year, and after
that are discarded. This seems to a be-
ginner like too much trouble, and amateurs
often try to grow it in the ordinary hardy
border, but as a garden plant it is dis-
appointing. On the other hand, after
once seeing well grown specimens in all their
glory — sometimes six feet high, you will
never forget the note of aspiration which is
the unique feature of this soulful flower.

THE PERENNIAL BELLFLOWERS

All the other species mentioned in this
article are perennial, i. e., they are supposed
to live from year to year. Unhappily,
the most popular kinds are not very
long-lived, especially on heavy soil that is
damp in winter. However, after once
purchasing a plant you need never lose
it from your garden, provided your border
is well drained, and you can even increase
your stock by dividing the old clumps
in spring or early autumn.

TWO BROAD-CUPPED BELLFLOWERS

The most popular perennial bellflowers
which anyone can grow are the peach-
leaved and the Chinese both of which are
broader than bell-shaped, the flowers being
more like wide cups or saucers.

The peach-leaved bellflower or “peach
bells” (C. persicifolia), is the greatest
favorite. (See No. 2) It grows two or
three feet high, and has flowers two or
more inches across, but these are not dis-
tinctive characters, like the narrow, toothed
leaf which, once seen, is never forgotten.
This species has more varieties than any
other, all supposed to represent some
improvement, and very confusing to the
beginner because they are often catalogued
as species instead of varieties.

There are four main lines of improve-
ment in Campanula along which breeders
aim: color, size, doubleness, and ever-
blooming character. The normal color

Aveust, 1911 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

f

bacver

4. A wild garden bellflower, possibly C. rapunculoides

2. The peach-leaved bellflower (C. persicifolia) 3. The clustered bellflower (Campanula glomerata)

Note the tooth-like
projection in each sinus

6. Campanula allariefolia.
7. The Carpathian harebell and its white variety

5. Canterbury bells (Campanula Medium)

10

among bellflowers is purple or violet, and
it is easy to get blue, rose and white vari-
eties. Doubleness is of advantage chiefly in
making the flowers last longer, both in
the garden and as cut flowers. The
everblooming habit is hard to get in per-
ennial flowers, which, as a rule, bloom only
a week or two. Therefore, the reader
may assume that every Campanula is
available in three or four colors (unless
normally white) and that the bewildering
array of varieties under every species
represent some slight improvement along
the lines above mentioned.

For instance, C. persicifolia, var. mac-
rantha is a large-flowered variety with
flowers all along the stem. The varieties
most advertised are Moerheimi (See No. 1)
and Backhousei, both with double white
flowers. Moerheim’s variety has camellia-
like flowers, two and a half inches across
and blooming (in the catalogues, at least)
from May to late July. Backhouse’s
variety has fifteen to twenty flowers on a
stem open at a time, and the flowers are
claimed to be “fully three times the size
of the type.”

The other big cup-shaped flower is the
Chinese or Japanese bellflower, also known
as the balloon flower or Campanula grandi-
flora. Its correct name is Platycodon
grandiflorum. The botanists have to put
it in a different genus because its stamens
are dilated at the base and the seed pod
opens in a different way, but from the
human or garden view-point it is a bell-
flower differing chiefly in its large, in-
flated buds which excite universal interest.
It has, however, one serious “kink” in
its culture, viz., its brittle stems and roots.
Consequently many people complain that
it is difficult to multiply. The best plan

lr za i

8. Bluebells of Scotland (Campanula rotundifolia)

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

is to stake the stems during the growing
season, for if once allowed to fall they
can hardly be raised without breaking.
These old stems should not be cut away
in the fall as the crown is too easily in-
jured. The plant is at its best the third,
fourth and fifth years from seed.

THE BELL-SHAPED CAMPANULAS

A few other species have flat flowers —
as flat as a saucer, but all the others {
shall describe are bell-shaped, unless other-
wise stated.

The milky blue bellflower (C. lactiflora)
has a unique color which is easy to recog-
nize, but hard to describe —a pale blue,
suffused with lavender. The English peo-
ple have taken a great fancy to it, and a
well grown clump five feet high and four
feet across is a fine sight when covered
with hundreds of flowers. To produce
such specimens requires liberal feeding,
watering and careful staking.

Another unique species is the clustered
bellflower (C. glomerata) which does not
bear its flowers in racemes, like the others,
but has them crowded into a roundish
head. (See No. 3). This sounds attrac-
tive to the beginner, but the plant is
neither very showy nor beautiful. It
grows only a foot or two high. This is
about the only species that seems to have
no white flowered variety.

THE APPENDAGED BELLFLOWER

We now come to three curious bell-
flowers which have singular tooth-like
projections at the base of each sinus of
the flower. These projections are par-
ticularly noticeable in the plaited buds.

The most famous of them is C. alliarie-
folia, a species that always has a white
flower, which is about two inches long.
(See No. 6). The flower is exquisite in
itself, but unfortunately the plant needs
staking and is shabby when out of bloom.

The gray-leaved bellflower (C. Sarmatica)
has a flower about half the length of the
preceding.

The Hungarian bellflower (C. Grossekii)
has a violet flower and is alleged to bloom
all summer, but in my experience the
everblooming qualities of bellflowers are
considerably exaggerated.

WILD GARDEN BELLFLOWERS

The beauty of the wild garden is that
you can grow in it plants that are lovely
of flower but objectionable in habit.
There are four bellflowers that are espe-
cially suited for woods, roadsides, shady
places and poor soil, because they can take
care of themselves in a rough and tumble
fight. Their leaves are too coarse for a
refined garden and after blooming they
look too seedy.

The broad-leaved bellflower (C. latifolia)
has the largest leaves of all Campanulas
the stem-leaves often attaining 2 x 35 in.
Also it has the largest flowers of the wild-
garden group — two inches or more long.
Its variety macrantha has still larger
flowers and the variety Van Houttei is

AvGcustT; 1911

aa

9. The big-styled bellflower (Campanula macrostyla)

said to have a better blue. The next
three species have flowers only an inch
long.

Coventry bells (C. Trachelium) is prob-
ably the toughest member of the genus,
as it commonly escapes from old gardens,
runs wild along the roadsides, forms big
colonies by deserted homesteads, and has
been known to hold its own against the
grass for over a century. It has hairy,
purple flowers about an inch long, and
from twelve to eighteen of them on a stem.
You will probably buy this old cottage
garden plant under a dozen high-toned
names, because in nurseries it spreads over
the whole Campanula patch whenever
the choicer varieties are sold out or de-
stroyed by a bad winter, or some one gets
careless.

The rampion-like bellflower (C. rapun-
culoides) differs chiefly in having nodding
flowers (See No. 4). One August I saw
it at South Orange, N. J., and Mr. Manda
called my attention to the fact that it
blooms from the top of the spike first. The
plant was past its prime then, but there
were a few blossoms on side shoots.

The rhomboid bellflower (C. rhom-
boidalis) is a smaller plant, usually only a.
foot high, and the clusters are so broad
that they are more like a corymb than a
raceme. Unhappily the stems and leaves.
die down quickly after blooming.

BELLFLOWERS FOR EDGING

So far we have dealt only with relatively
tall species — plants growing two or three
feet high or more. All the others that I
shall mention have their height measured
by inches and rarely attain a foot. I
remember how shocked my _ worthy

Avcust, 1911

botanical friends were when I proposed to
divide all the Campanulas into two groups
— the tall or border kinds, and the dwarf
or rock garden kinds, instead of classifying
them according to capsules, stigmas and
other respectable characters. Neverthe-
less it is most important to distinguish
between the kinds that everybody can
grow, and the kinds which require a rock
garden, for very few of us can afford a
good rock garden.

There are only two of these dwarf
bellflowers which I am sure everyone
can grow. The more popular is the Car-
pathian bellflower (C. Carpatica) which
makes a dense mat of foliage about eight
inches high, from which it sends up a
multitude of wiry stems to a height of
twelve to eighteen inches. (See No. 7).
Nobody ought to have the face to call
himself a gardener who does not know
and love this plant. It is the best of all
the bellflowers for edging hardy borders
because it can hold its own against taller
plants, whereas it would be risky or more
expensive to expose the other dwarf
species to such competition.

An interesting variety of it is var.
turbinata, which is incorrectly called “tur-
ban bellflower” in some catalogues. The
name turbinata means “top-shaped,”’ re-
ferring to the flowers, which are more like
an inverted cone than a bell. The variety
G. F. Wilson is a hybrid between this
top-shaped bellflower and the darkest
flowered of all Campanulas, viz. C. pulla,
having the big flowers of the first parent
and dark foliage of the latter. The largest
flower of the turbinata type is said to be
the variety Hendersoni.

This Carpathian harebell is lovely in
all its colors and forms, it gives scattering
bloom all summer and it is the most per-
manent of all the dwarf bellflowers.

Second only to the Carpathian harebell
is the tufted harebell (C. cespitosa) which
grows only four to six inches high and has
a flower that is less broadly bell-shaped.
It has bloomed from June 6th to October
2oth at Ottawa. It is the same thing as
C. pumila, and I have never found C.
pusilla any different, though the nursery-
men keep it separate.

ROCK-GARDEN BELLFLOWERS

We now come to the species which
are safest in a well constructed, rockery,
where they have better drainage than in
a hardy border and are free from compe-
tition with coarse plants, since they are
grown in pockets.

The loveliest of these is the harebell or
bluebell of Scotland (C. rotundifolia).
(See No. 8). In the woods it grows tall
and slender, often two feet high. In mead-
ows and gardens it is often more compact
and grows only six to twelve inches high.
Despite its slender and exquisite beauty
it is one of the hardiest and most cos-
mopolitan species. This is the flower that
adds so much romance to Scotch water-
falls and mountains. Everybody knows
and loves it, but we do not often plant it.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

There are many ugly rocks with only a
pinch of earth here and there which could
be redeemed by planting harebells or
sowing seed. Beginners often ask what
there is about the plant to justify the name
rotundifolia. In the early spring you
should search out the root-leaves before
they decay, for these are roundish, while
the stem-leaves are linear.

The Olympic bellflower (C. latiloba or
grandis) is native to Mt. Olympus in
Greece, and is one of those alpine plants
which have a disproportionately large
flower — often two inches across. These
are cup-shaped like the peach bells, but
the plant grows only a foot or so high and
quickly forms a dense carpet.

The spotted bellflower (C. punctata)
is unique in having purplish spots inside
the white flower. Most nurserymen con-
sider the noble bellflower (C. nobilis) a
different species, as it has a dark violet
flower, with a hairy limb, but botanists
think it not different enough. Both are in-
teresting flowers, more quaint than beauti-
ful, and the plants are desperately shabby.

WALL-LOVING BELLFLOWERS

The wall bellflower is known to cata-
logues as C. muralis but the correct name
is C. Portenschlagiana. This charming
little trailer makes many an exquisite
picture in English gardens when it grows
in chinks between rock edgings of hardy
borders, and also when hanging down from
walls. It is often planted in the crevices

10. Plant the bellflowers in masses for proper garden effects.

11

of retaining walls and in such a situation
is hardier than on the level ground.

HINTS TO COLLECTORS

Several ‘dozen names have come into
the European catalogues since 1900. It
is unfair to judge from descriptions and
pictures but I have not come across any-
thing to justify a big noise. The only
one that has been double starred at the
Experimental Farm in Ottawa is C.
subpyrenaica, a three-foot plant, with
pale bluish violet flowers which blooms
from June 18th to August 22d. C. phycti-
docalyx or amabilis has pale blue flowers
like the top-shaped bellflower and spreads
like it, but grows two or three feet high.
C. longistyla has large violet flowers, but
we haye trouble enough with biennials
without another.

The catalogues contain details as to
height, color and season of bloom, which
may be accurate enough for the beginner,
but for the exact differences between
species the collector must consult Bailey’s
“Cyclopedia of American Horticulture.”
I have said little about color or season of
bloom, because no two observers agree
about these points and they are unreliable
for distinguishing species. Most of the
bellflowers bloom in July, but some begin
in late June and others are at their best
in August. The rock garden kinds bloom
earlier and some begin in May. Bell-
flowers are often described as blue when
they are really purple.

This is the peachleaved beliflower

Nothing is more effective in relieving the plain lines of a building than climbing and draping vines.

Flowering kinds add an extra charm ail their own

Vines for Veranda Decoration—By W. C. McCollom, 3%

NOW IS THE TIME TO TAKE NOTE OF VERANDA CONDITIONS AND SOLVE THE PROBLEMS FOR
NEXT YEAR. PLANTS THAT FIT SPECIAL CASES AND HOW TO MAKE THEM MOST EFFECTIVE

Y REASON of
their long, graceful,
drooping growth and
floriferous habit, vines
are in a class by them-
selves for veranda deco-
ration. But both good
and bad taste are exhib-
ited in the use of vines,
especially of the flower-
ing type. Some people
W] create great, gaudy dis-
| plays of color, vivid in
‘the extreme and full of
discord. For instance,
a box or hanging basket
containing a scarlet gera-
nium, a yellow nasturtium, and a blue morn-
ing glory all jumbled up together, contains
plants of individual merit, but absolutely
unfitted for any part in one combination.
If you emphasize yellow in your hanging
basket, do not attempt to use any color
but yellow, or white; white harmonizes
with any color. If you prefer blue flowers,
use white for contrast, or some green
foliage plant; and similarly when aiming
at scarlet effects. Don’t, under any circum-
stances, bring scarlet, yellow, and blue to-
gether and expect the result to be pleasing.
In growing vines on veranda pillars
anything in a scarlet, crimson, or white
combination will serve to accompany a
trumpet creeper, but not a blue or a yellow.
If you have to use divergent colors, make
the changes transitional, drifting from a

blue to a white or a green, before intro-
ducing a red or a yellow. In general, let
white or green act as the dividing or
connecting color.

In preparing a hanging basket for plant-
ing, if there is no hole in the bottom, bore
one with a three-quarter inch bit. Cover
it with a piece of broken flower-pot,
over which spread about one inch of sifted
cinders; cover these with moss or similar
material to keep the soil from sifting
through, then fill with good, rich soil.

If you want flowering vines for a good,
hot, sunny location, a good combination
is Maurandia scandens, var. alba and any
of the morning glories (Ipomcea). Thun-
bergia alata will work in well with any of
the nasturtiums (Tropceolum), using Euony-
mus radicans or English ivy for green in
either case. Another good vine in bright
sunshine is Eccremocarpus, which combines
well with the cypress vine (Ipomawa Quam-
oclit) since it affords a tinge of scarlet. Re-
member always to figure on the effects of the
colors when combined, and do not misun-
derstand me when I say that the maurandia
will look well with any of the nasturtiums.
I mean, by this, with any one variety and
not with any mixture of two or more.

If the basket is to be located in a par-
tially shaded position, the same vines will
answer, providing of course that there will
be sun enough to ripen the growth and keep
it short and stocky. It is hard to find
anything that will flower in densely
shaded spots. You can get foliage plants,

12

however, and English ivy, Huonymus
vadicans and Vinca minor are all valuable
green plants for shady spots.

Hanging baskets should be watered often
and generously, for they dry out rapidly.
Moreover, since the soil space is limited,
the plants are very apt to become im-
poverished for want of available food.
Water them twice a week with a solution
of cow manure, diluted until it has the
appearance of weak tea.

Boxes should be made square as regards
depth and width, for a box narrower at
the bottom than at the top, has but little
root space and involves a lot of unnecessary
work; similarly, they should not be narrower
at the top than at the bottom. A box six
inches square is of very convenient size,
but of course the place where it is to stand
must govern this to a certain extent.

Always bore some holes in the bottom
to carry off drainage water, and plan to
raise the box on a few strips of wood about
one-quarter inch thick. Plants will not
grow well in boxes with standing water
about the roots. To lengthen the life of
such a box, or even a wooden hanging
basket, char the inside before boring holes
in the bottom, spray the inside of the
receptacle with kerosene and set it afire;
after the sides have burned about a quarter
of an inch into the wood, turn the box
upside down, and the flames will soon be
smothered. The best material for making
porch boxes is planed yellow pine or cypress.
Cypress is somewhat expensive, but will

AvucustT, 1911

prove economical in the long run. Paint
the boxes a deep, subdued color, preferably
dark green.

When filling the box select plants that
harmonize with each other and with the
general surroundings. A good effect can
be obtained by placing boxes upon K:
the saddle of the balustrade, run- /
ning strings thence to the top of
the piazza, and training the vines
on these screens. For this purpose,
use twining vines, such as the nas-
turtium and morning glory; an
especially valuable vine in this
connection is the canary-bird vine
(Trope@olum perigrinum).

Movable screens in a variety of
forms can be made for the piazza.
The first requirement is a strong
box about four feet long and some
six inches square. A box this size
should have about eight three-
quarter inch holes in the bottom,
but avoid running them in a straight line
or you will weaken the bottom of the box.
English ivy makes a good permanent screen
but flowering vines can always be used,
providing there is enough sunlight on the
piazza. If you have a small greenhouse
where plants can be stored during winter,
you can use tender vines like the jasmine.
After you have planted the boxes, take
some strips of wood about four feet long,
an inch wide, and one-half inch thick
and nail them to the ends of the box; con-
nect them at the top with a similar strip;
bore holes with a gimlet in the side strips
about four inches apart and run wires
across from one strip to the other; then
train the vines over the wires.

Movable screens can be made in many
forms. If you have a vigorous, good-sized
vine started in a box, pot, or tub, a light
fan-shaped trellis is convenient and easily
made. Five light dahlia stakes are needed,
one for the centre upright, two at the

Ee ee

For semi-shaded verandas the honeysuckles are the
surely reliable vines

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

bottom, placed almost horizontally, and
the other two midway between these and
the centre stake, one on each side. Stretch
wires around the stakes about four inches
apart, then train the vines uniformly
over the wires. But remember that sun-

Heavy masses of foliage give a sense of comfort and seclusion to any

home

light is an essential with flowering vines;
without, dismal failure is almost certain.

Among flowering vines for piazzas, I
recommend Thunbergia alata, very free
flowering; Maurandia scandens, a good
combination of foliage and flowers; and
Eccremocarpus scaber, with a deep, orange-
scarlet flower. Because of its shade-
withstanding abilities, the best of all
foliage plants for the piazza is the English
ivy (Hedera Helix). Jf for instance, you
have palms or other plants on your piazza
let the eye be carried up to them through
drooping clusters of ivy leaves. Set a few
small ivy plants along the edge of each tub
or box, of plant them in small, individual
pots that you can arrange around the top
of the tubs whenever it is necessary to more
completely hide some particular spot.

A good substitute for the ivy, although
less able to stand the shade, is Euonymus
radicans. Its varieties, with their varie-
gated white and green foliage, are very
attractive and especially adapted for use
in hanging baskets.

Annual vines are excellent and I par-
ticularly recommend the canary-bird vine
for yellow effects, the cypress vine (Ipomea
Quamoclit) for scarlet, Maurandia scandens,
var. alba for supplying white, and [pomea
purpurea, var. atro-cerulea as the most
useful blue-flowered vine. The many
species of Lantana, though not really
vines, resemble in their weak, trailing
habit, some of the best basket and pot
plants. Probably JL. Sellowiana offers
the greatest possibilities, although several
other forms are very satisfactory, remaining
in flower throughout the summer months.

There are some vines that are remark-
able for their striking flowers and great
display and yet are not desirable plants
for the veranda. In a good, sunny sit-
uation the continual blooming of the
sweet-scented jasmine (Jasminum officinale)
makes it the most desirable of all climbing
plants; but it is tender and needs protec-
tion during winter. The grand foliage
and long-flowering season of the Wichur-
aiana type of climbing rose render it far

13

preferable to the rambler type, although
the ramblers are more showy when in
flower. This is, however, for only a few
weeks in the summer, while the Wichur-
aianas are always handsome. On account
of its long-flowering season and attractive
foliage, the trumpet creeper Te-
coma is also classed as a desirable
veranda plant. The wistaria is per-
haps the favorite vine for a sunny
piazza; run the shoots along the
eaves of the piazza so that the
graceful clusters of blossoms can be
also enjoyed from the inside. A
good combination of flowers and
foliage is furnished by the actinidia,
while undoubtedly the best plant
for a sunny veranda, as far as foli-
age is concerned, is the Dutchman’s
pipe (Aristolochia macrophylla, or
A. Sipho). The distinctiveness of
this vine makes it a good subject
in a combination, the golden-
leaved honeysuckle, for instance, being
used as a background. For a _ semi-
shady veranda, where light occasionally
plays on the plants, the best flowering type
is the honeysuckle, the choice species
being Lonicera Heckrotti and L. Japonica,
vars. Halliana and reticulata aurea. But
as a combination of foliage and flowers
Akebia quinata is a close second. Still
another good vine for such a location is
the false bitter sweet (Celastrus scandens) ;
and finally, for a folige plant, Euonymus
radicans, in several desirable forms.

In densely shaded spots where a veranda
faces the north, it is difficult to make any
flowering vine grow. In this case, after
proving for yourself that none of the last-
mentioned sorts will thrive, you will have
to resort to strictly foliage plants, with
English ivy as the most successful, but
the beautiful fall colors of the ampelop-
sis family make its members distinctly
worthy of notice.

English ivy, when it gets slight winter protection,
is the most reliable evergreen vine for shade

How I Learned to Grow Good Daffodils—By Sherman R. Duffy,

EARLY PLANTING THE KEYNOTE TO SUCCESS— AUGUST THE BEST MONTH, BUT AT ALL
EVENTS, PLACE YOUR ORDERS NOW FOR BULBS TO BE DELIVERED IMMEDIATELY ON ARRIVAL

OW is the time to think about the

daffodils you would like to have

‘next spring. The great secret of success

is early planting. There are a few other

minor points, but early planting is the
chief fact.

There is one sad feature about daffodils
and narcissus and that is their brief season
of beauty. A season of three months how-
ever can be had by judicious selection of
varieties ranging from the earliest Golden
Spurs of March tothe double poeticus of
May —a continuous display of daffodils
and narcissus.

There are a few dyspeptic members of
the narcissus family, such as Sulphur
Phoenix and the double poeticus, which
will not open their buds except in congenial
locations; but the majority of them readily
adapt themselves to whatever environment
is given them, settle down, flourish, and
raise large families!

While the gardening knowledge necessary
to grow daffodils consists in the ability
to dig a hole in the ground into which to
drop the bulb, no garden subject responds
so quickly and so magnificently to good
treatment. I ran across a little book a
year ago that I consider one of the few
really valuable gardening books by an
American author. This is Kirby’s “Daf-
fodils.”

Although I had grown various kinds of
daffodils and narcissus to my own satis-
faction for a number of years, a few hints
in this little book applied to one bulb border
produced the finest masses of bloom I ever
saw. Some bulbs responded more than
others, the new conditions being more to
their liking; a few of the varieties produced
no better bloom but were sturdier through-
out; and the coloring was brighter in all
of them.

The two points to which I attribute the
improvement were a root run of thoroughly
decayed manure and leaves and a top dress-
ing of potash salt. A potash salt, accord-
ing to Kirby, gives a better color to the
flower and checks an over-luxuriant growth
of foliage.

My daffodil collection consisted of the
cheaper varieties which can be secured
from almost any dealer, with a few of the
more expensive kinds. American cata-
logues offer a very scanty field for the
endeavors for any one feeling the first
symptoms of “narcisso mania.” The
dealer’s announce that as there is no de-
mand for the higher priced bulbs; conse-
quently, they do not offer them. If any-
body wants them, let him import them.
The ordinary citizen, although a majority
of him voted for the imposition of tariffs
on bulbs and other things, shies at estab-
lishing business relations with the adminis-
trators of the customs laws. Hence, few

of the newer narcissi appear in the “com-
mon or garden variety” of amateurs’
gardens.

I had thoughts of committing a few
extravagances, but after ‘“ Kirbyizing”
my daffodils and finding out how much I
didn’t know, I decided it might be well to
develop what I had as far as they would
go before tackling possible disappointments.

The upper flower is Narcissus poeticus King Ed-
ward, much larger than the ordinary pheasant’s
eye shown below

The application of manure to the soil
was a question over which I hesitated for
some time. It has been my experience
that if I wanted to ruin daffodils, the
quickest way to go about it was to plant
them in soil into which manure had been
spaded. Manure of any sort always seemed

14

to be sure death at short range. I had a
pile of well-decayed manure which had been
mixed with leaves and lawn rakings and had
stood out over winter. With this compost
I took a chance, with some misgivings and
to be on the safe side trenched it in deep,
digging out the earth for eighteen inches
and then putting in three inches of the
compost and tramping it down. Upon
this layer the top soil was thrown with the
other soil on the surface.

The soil is of a light sandy nature so I
planted the bulbs six inches deep above the
vegetable sponge. Most directions as to
growing daffodils recommend a moist, well
drained situation — paradoxical condition
in most gardens, for moist places usually
are not well drained and well drained
situations are not moist. A sponge is the
ideal moist, well-drained article, and the
layer of decaying vegetable matter will
hold moisture like a sponge and at the
same time be well drained providing the
soil beneath and around it is not soggy.

The only way I was able to make Japa-
nese irises grow was to dig out a hole three
feet deep and construct a sponge of three
layers — three inches of well rotted manure,
three inches of soil, and another three
inches of manure above which a mixture of
soil and well-rotted fine manure was placed.
In this situation I have managed to make
even the finicky double Sulphur Phoenix
daffodils open its buds.

The bulbs were planted early in Septem-
ber and three weeks afterward I gave a
light dressing of muriate of potash and
another one two weeks later. As I was
not altogether certain of the action of this
salt, I was a little sparing with it.

Over the daffodils, I placed a light mulch
of pine needles and leaves. A manure
mulch brings up the daffodils with yellow,
sickly-looking shoots and the same is true
of a heavy mulch of leaves. Deeper plant-
ing and no mulch seems to give the best
results for me; fresh manure seems to burn
and distort the young shoots.

Following is my succession of varieties
for 1911 with the results of special treat-
ment all the bulbs having been grown in
my border for at least two years.

Golden Spur bloomed the first week in
March. ‘The effect of the potash salt was
apparent. I never had such golden dafto-
dils before. They carried their leaves
later than usual and produced fine bulbs.
The flowers seemed to have more substance
than usual.

Following closely after Golden Spur
came the big yellow trumpets Ard Righ and
Henry Irving, longer stemmed and of a
paler yellow. The increase in the size
of the flowers and a brighter yellow in the
trumpets was the chief point brought
out by better treatment.

1911

eGaG CES.

Glory of Leyden and Emperor. The former is fu_ly
one-third the larger

Following these trumpets came the
bicolors, Empress and Victoria. Bicolor
Victoria is much finer than Empress and
‘gave beautiful big flowers, the segments
of the perianth being whiter than Empress.
The latter, however, gave extra fine flowers,
the perianth divisions being fuller and the
stems sturdier than usual.

Emperor was a revelation. A big patch
was in bloom for nearly a month, and the
flowers were better than Glory of Leyden
as I had grown it in previous years. After
seeing the improvement in the Emperors
I was curious to see Glory of Leyden, and
when this enormous trumpet opened a
few days late, it was fully a third larger
than Emperor.

Elvira, the hardiest of the poetaz section, fragrant
and enduring

THE

Sulphur Pheenix, often hard to flower, responds to
improved conditions

With the Glory of Leyden came the
so-called white trumpets. Mme. De Graaf
was very fine although I have had it under
suspicion. In the first place, the trumpet
never fades to white. It is a pale straw
color at best and all descriptions say
the trumpet fades to white. In Mrs. Camm,
Mrs. Thompson and Helen Falconer, the
entire flower does fade to a white, with a
creamy tint, it is true, but yet pale enough
to be called white. The Mme. De Graaf
bulbs do not correspond to descriptions
in another particular. Mine have a very
distinctly recurved trumpet. However,
they were beautiful, being a little smaller
than the Emperor.

Helen Falconer, a curious drooping,
white trumpet with twisted perianth divi-
sions, had shown a general floppiness in
previous seasons. Under better treatment
it perked up, the bloom being much larger
with more character to it.

The most striking improvement of all
the narcissi was shown by Lady McCalmont
a giant Irish Leedsi. I had considered
this a very beautiful bloom but couldn’t
quite admit the giant portion of its name
as it was very little larger than Mrs.
Langtry and others of the :commoner
Leedsi. That year it was truly a giant,
rising to a height of fifteen‘inches with a
wide spreading snowy perianth.

Its rival for snowy whiteness-was poeti-
cus King Edward. This was almost double
the size of the ordinary or type poeticus.
It showed a stronger character and more
individuality than ever before.

Bernice, a little red-cupped narcissus of
the Burbidgei section gave a blossom for
the first time although I had had it three
years. A dwarf-growing type with tubular
leaves like the jonquils, it sent up a flower
of creamy white with a funnel-shaped

GARDEN MAGAZINE

Barri conspicuus, always a large, massive flower
surpassed itself

cup of deep red, the intense color extend-
ing to the base.

The finest mass of bloom was given by
Poetaz Elvira. This is well adapted
to this section, being as hardy as the
poeticus and multiples rapidly. I rather
question the hardiness of other poetaz
varieties. I have planted a number of
varieties on two occasions but the only
one to appear in the spring was Irene, a
pale yellow variety. It was anemic and
never appeared after its first effort. The
others never came up although the bulbs,
apparently, were strong and _ healthy.
Dealers’ catalogues say the varieties are
all perfectly hardy but they do not appear
to be so in my neighborhood.

Madame de Graaf is one of the largest: pale yel-
lowish white

Some Ideas for Better Hedges and Fences—By W. S. Rogers

TOO MUCH SAMENESS IN UGLY FENCES AND TOO SMALL A VARIETY IN HEDGE MATERIAL — SUGGESTIONS
PICTURE

FOR IMPROVING CONDITIONS AND MAKING THE BOUNDARIES REAL PARTS OF THE GARDEN

The matrimony vine, trained on a trellis, makes a
sturdy hedge, in Michigan

F COURSE at the outset there is the
question, “Do we want a hedge or a
fence at all?”? Some people do not, under
any circumstances. But then again, the
conditions will often demand some sort of
mark, for protection or for boundary pur-
poses. And above all there is the wind-
break for winter.

FENCES AND HEDGES

How insistently the boundaries of a
smali garden declare themselves! Which-
ever way we turn the vista is closed by
a wall or fence, and whatever expedients
we adopt to render these artificial frontiers
inconspicuous — whether by growing
greenery over them
or trees and shrubs
against them — we
cannot entirely keep
them out of sight.
By adopting a rec-
tilinear treatment
they can be made
to harmonize with

the garden lines.
Walls are much
alike; make them

high enough to per-
mit of growing orna-
mental plants, (or
where the climate
fits even fruit) upon
them, if they get
sufficient sun. A
height of six feet in
most cases would be
ample. As regards
the fence there are
two considerations
— appearance and
durability. The

former implies both design and_ surface,
he latter, material.

Of the woods available, oak is unques-
tionably the best for a fence, not only on
account of its long life under all conditions
of weather, but on the score of appearance.
It should not be painted or its charm of
color will be destroyed. I know of nothing
which better accords with flower and
foliage than the weathered surface of an
old oak fence. If the pales are cleft, so
as to show the natural figure of the wood,
the effect will be better and the life of
the fence longer. Under ordinary cir-
cumstances a height of five feet is sufficient,
but a less height may be desirable if there
is an attractive landscape beyond.

The construction should be simple,
because elaborate fencework is likely to
usurp attention and to detract from the
glory of the flower ground.

The practice of allowing the posts to
stand above the top line of the fence,
breaking the skyline, is a good one.

The designs illustrated should be suf-
ficient guide as to the type of fence best
suited to a small garden. The closed
pattern has sawn oak posts and arris rails
and cleft pales. If shaped at the top
between the posts its appearance is im-
proved.

The “windowed” pattern is an adaption
of the park fence, by the addition of raised
heads to the posts and a more substantial
top rail. The latter should be “weathered”
to throw off the rain.

The half-open fence with lattice top is
just the thing on which to train creepers.

Paled fences should always have a
plinth board to protect the lower end of

The one best hedge for quick growth, cheapness, and general adaptability — California privet

16

Roses are used as hedge plants in Portland, Ore.
and bear immense blooms in profusion

the pales from moisture, and to act as a
barrier against burrowing animals

Oak fences should be put together with
copper or galvanized nails; ordinary iron
nails cause unsightly inky stains.

If you cannot afford oak, use chestnut or
other boarding for the pales, but have oak
posts and plinth boards, though the latter
may be omitted if the pales stop just
clear of the ground. The pales will need
painting either with a tar solution (a
preparation of Stockholm tar, not coal
tar) or with good oil paint.

If oil paint is used, the color is important.
Perhaps the best is a subdued green of a
sagey tint, a tint which harmonizes well
with flowers and
foliage. One disad-
vantage of painted
fences is that the
paint has to be re-
newed from time to
time, and that in-
volves the tempor-
ary removal of
creepers and other
plants which may
have been trained
over them.

Wire fences are
not desirable for a
permanent purpose,
but are permissible
to mark garden
boundaries whilst a
hedge is coming to
maturity. At the
points where the
wires start and end
the posts should be
stout and well strut-
ted, to enable suffi-

Auveust, 1911

cient tension to be put on the wire to make
it taut. The intermediate posts may be
lighter, but should be firmly planted to
ensure their remaining upright.

Barbed wire should never be admitted
into the garden. The ordinary galvanized
iron telegraph wire (No. 8 gauge) is the
most suitable. It may be attached to
the stretching post by ‘‘screw-eyes,” which
should be galvanized, or by the simple
expedient of passing it through holes made
with an auger or gimlet and _ twisting
a knot on the protruding end. The
stretching is best managed with a block
and tackle, but you can make shift with
an extemporized lever in the manner shown.

When the wire is taut, the end should be
knocked up with a hammer close to the
hole and turned two or three times round
a stout nail.

Kinks and bends in the wire may be
rubbed out of it with the hammer handle
whilst it is under tension, before the final
tightening.

Two good types of open fence are shown
in the next illustration. In the all-rail pat-
tern the post heads are made separately
and nailed on, their purpose being to pro-
tect the end grain of the post from the
weather.

Temporary fences may be made of rough
_cedar or other timber that may be readily
and cheaply procurable. The lattice or
“rustic”? fence is short-lived, and in long

\ aaa ut
SSS S
_l!i _—_a

y 7 Hy I |
|

LRHE GARDEN. MAGAZINE

lengths its diagonal pattern is monotonous.
Its appearance is much improved by
adding a top rail of halved timber flat side
down.

In setting out a fence care should be
taken to keep a straight line from point

AY

The right way to plant a box edging — make a trian-
gular trench and lay the plants along the one side

Wire can be pulled taut by using a lever, thus

to point, by using a stretched cord as a
guide for fixing the posts. The tops of
the posts should be adjusted in line by
sighting, two T pieces being fixed as levels
to work from, one at each end of the stretch.
The spacing of posts will depend upon the
design and character of the fence and the
length of timber purchased for the rails,
but ten feet is the maximum advisable.

Of iron fencing there are many patterns
for all purposes, put on the market by the
manufacturers, and I need not speak of
them beyond saying that they are durable
and easily erected.

Ready-made trellis is so cheap that it
does not pay to make it at home when the
ordinary diamond pattern is wanted. In
erecting a screen of trellis provide a well-
framed support, as there is very little
strength or stiffness in the trellis itself.
The rule should be to support all the edges
by allowing them to butt against the centre
of the frame, securing them by fillets nailed
thereto.

The practice of leaving a raw edge at
the top is slovenly. All trellis should be
painted with two or three coats of good

17

oil color, well worked into the angles at
the crossings, for it is there that the rain
finds its way in and starts the process of
decay.

If the gardener is handy with his tools,
and blessed with sufficient leisure, he may
try his hand on ‘woven trellis,” using
cleft oak laths and working on the plan
illustrated herewith. He must design
his squares of sufficient size to admit of
bending the laths without difficulty, and
he should pin them at their crossings with
oak pegs. A trellis of this kind will not
require to be painted.

Hedges, living fences, not only serve
to mark the garden boundary and the
subdivisions of the garden, but they ma-
terially assist in the garden picture. I
know of no better background for a wide
herbaceous border than a well-grown hedge,
provided no wall is available. Hedges,
however, occupy more width than fences,
and we must allow for this in our planning.
Also there must be allowance for lateral
growth beyond the width to which we
intend to train the hedge, because we can-
not trim at frequent intervals. Also some-

thing additional should be allowed to keep
the flowers outside the radius of the roots
of the hedge plants.

SS

Why not make fences beautiful? Suggestions for wood fences that have a little more attractiveness than the common straightaway style used everywhere

18

As wind-breaks hedges are superior
to fences because they allow air to filter
through, and thus reduce the velocity of
that which passes over them.

Of hedge plants commonly in use noth-
ing beats privet. When properly cared
for it is very effective as a screen, and it
grows rapidly. Moreover, it thrives in
almost every kind of soil, and is happy
alike in shade or sunshine, and does not
usually suffer from cold or rough winds.

Thorn is of less rapid growth but makes
a thoroughly business-like hedge, and,
owing to its spines, cattle rarely attempt
to break through it. If well trained from
the first, so as to make the bottom full and
close, it will exclud2 even the “‘ harmless (?)
necessary cat.’”’? But, on the other hand,
it may harbor scale.

Of evergreens, hemlock, box and arbor-
vite are all admirable, but slow in growth.
The hardy orange (Citrus trifoliata) makes
a dense, impenetrable hedge and is ever-
green in the South but sheds its leaves in
the North.

There is no reason why we should not
make hedges of many of the beautifu!
flowering shrubs, save only the question
of cost. Lilac, ribes, deutzia, snowberry,
philadelphus, weigela, flowering quince,
rose, sweetbrier, blackthorn, viburnum,
elder, berberis, althea, and spirea are
suitable and attractive subjects, and in the
light, warm soils in the South fuchsia and
hydrangea may be added to the list. There
are pictureque possibilities in a mixed hedge
that are worth exploiting.

Sweetbrier makes a charming hedge
and stands exposure well, but it is unsuited
to town gardens, where its viscous foliage
will collect and retain dirt from the at-
mosphere. Rosa Rugosa is an ideal flower-
ing hedge, especially near the coast.

In planting a hedge the ground should
be trenched and manured and the plants

The Status of Date Culture in America—By H. E. Van Deman, 273"

AD Ist IB, 2 (Gr ve IR 1D) 18; INI

MAGAZINE

In winter time a hedge is especially valuable as a
protection from winds and snow

carefully lined up. The spacing will vary
with the subject, and the nursery-man
will always advise on this point. The
training of a hedge involves periodical
trimming. In the first instance this should
be directed to encouraging the lower
growth, without which the hedge can never
be an efficient barrier, and might develop
into an eyesore. The commonest fault
in planting the California privet is in
not getting it deep enough. Plant pre-
ferably in a trench, gradually filling it
up as growth develops. The best method
is to trim to a wedge shape, tapering from
bottom to top on both sides equally, and
to leave the top quite sharp.

The width at bottom, for a hedge
which is eventually to be restricted to five
feet in height, need not exceed two feet.
The tops of the plants should not be touched
until they reach the prescribed height.

When the bottom of the hedge is well
filled in with growth, and the plants have
obtained the maximum height, or have

AueustT, 1911

sprung above it, the top may be cut to a
uniform height, and dressed flat or rounded
if preferred. Subsequently the sides may
be trimmed vertically.

In long lines of hedging it is often de-
sirable to break the top line by allowing
some plants, at intervals, to grow above
the general level, trimming them into some
definite form.

Necessary gaps in the hedge, may be
bridged over by training the adjacent
plants into an arch, for which a tem-
porary support would be required.

Never forget that the hedge makes
considerable demands on the soil, and
therefore do not expect that flowers will
thrive in close proximity to it. Allow
sufficient width in all borders which skirt
a line of hedging.

Box edgings are miniature hedges. The
objection that they encourage and harbor
insect pests may be dismissed by the prac-
tical man, who will avail himself of the fact
to search out the intruders and destroy
them. The best variety of box is known as
“suffruticosa,”’ the dwarf box. It should be
planted early in spring. A narrow, clean-
cut trench of triangular section should be
got out, and the box plants inserted in a
close line, the soil being drawn up against
them with a board held in the right hand,
whilst the left forearm holds the plants in
line.

Box edging should not be allowed to
grow to a greater height than six inches,
and the clipping should be done with care
so as to preserve the height uniform, and
to maintain a clean line, whether it is
straight or curved. The best time for clip-
ping is at the end of May or during the
first week in June.

The best shape is cross-section in square-
topped with battered or vertical sides,
though if it pleases the eye of the gardener
the top angles may be rounded.

Washing-

THE PASSING OF THE EXPERIMENTAL STAGE— BEGINNINGS OF A NEW INDUSTRY FOR PARTS OF CALI-
FORNIA AND ARIZONA —HOW THE DATE TREE GROWS AND ITS PREFERENCES IN SOIL AND CLIMATE

T MAY not be known by more than a
very few that we have in the southern
parts of Arizona and California the most
suitable climate and soil for date culture
in all the world. This subject has occupied
the attention of the experts of the United
States Department of Agriculture for
the last twenty-five years. While I was

chief of the Division of Pomology of that

department (from 1886 to 1893), it was
my opportunity and privilege to procure
from Algeria, Egypt and Arabia in 1889
the first plants of the choice varieties
that were introduced in America. These
were planted in Arizona and California
where they have met with various success
and failure, owing to climatic conditions
and treatment they received. The in-
dustry is now a well established fact

although it is only in its very early stages
of development.

The dates of commerce are grown on
palm trees of the species Phoenix dacty-
lifera, which lives to a great age. Con-
trary to the common belief that this tree
is exceedingly tender and tropical in its
nature it is able to endure considerable
cold. The climate of the Sahara desert,
where it flourishes better than elsewhere
in the Old World, is very variable in range
of temperature. Although the summer
suns are scorching hot and the thermometer
reaches far above too degrees and descends
to below freezing at rare times, this is
the best of all parts of the world for dates
where they have long been grown. But
in the Salton Basin of California and the
Salt River Valley of Arizona there are

‘for date trees.
direct glare of the sun through a perfectly

climatic ranges both higher and lower,
where date trees of the choicest varieties
have not only endured the annual varia-
tions of as much as 105 to 108 degrees
but have flourished under them. Date
trees have frequently endured cold as low
as to degrees below freezing when they
were in the dormant stage. ;

But there is one imperative requirement;
and that is an abundance of water at the
roots, although it is better that there be
no rain whatever, especially during the
periods of blooming and ripening of the
fruit. Even a humid atmosphere is bad
Their foliage needs the

clear and sterile atmosphere. There is
no fruit tree that requires so much sun-
light and so long a season of growth to

AvcustT, 1911

produce and perfect its fruit. During
all the time from the season of blooming
in April and May until the fruit is fully
ripe in October to December there should
be a mean daily temperature ranging
about 65 degrees Fahrenheit to 100 degrees
Fahrenheit and upward. And the tem-
perature of the water applied to the roots
should be warm, and the warmer the
better, up to that of the air, which it
rarely attains. In southern Arizona and
in California near the mouth of the Colo-
rado River these very conditions exist
and the rivers furnish abundant water
for irrigation.

The soil that best suits the date is a
rich, sandy loam, and it is a notable fact
that the land where
the proper tempera-
tures exist in the
Salton Basin and
Salt River and Gila
Valleys is of this
character. This is
also true of the
oases of Northern
Africa, where date
trees are the princi-
pal growth and
means of living.
There is one most
fortunate fact in
connection with date
culture, and a most
remarkable one as
well, relative to the
soil; that a consid-
erable proportion of
alkali is not injuri-
onmeelndegd) it
would seem to be
in some measure
rather beneficial to
growth. For this
reason there are
thousands of acres
of otherwise infer-
tile or unsuitable
land in the regions
already. mentioned
in both hemispheres
that may be devoted to date culture with
great profit. This is done extensively
in the Orient and is being started in
our Own western country. Our govern-
ment and the states of Arizona and Cali-
fornia are jointly interested in planting
date orchards at several points in the
Salt River and Gila valleys and in the
Salton Basin.

Following up the first experiments at
importing and planting in test gardens
the plants of named varieties of supe-
rior excellence there have been procured
and planted in the regions named thou-
sands of plants and of nearly all the
choice varieties known. Explorers were
sent to the Sahara, to Arabia and to
Persia to personally attend to the selection,
packing and transporting of these plants
and with most satisfactory results. There
are to-day in the date gardens of Arizona
and California the largest collections of

THE GARDEN

choice varieties of the date in all the world.
Some of them are fruiting and it was my
privilege last fall to visit these gardens,
see the fruit on the trees and taste it fresh
from the bending clusters.

The date is a dicecious tree, that is,
having its pistillate and staminate flowers
on separate trees. The fruit bearing
trees are planted very much in excess.
The proportion is usually about one to
forty or fifty. The winds would naturally
carry the pollen were the trees allowed
to come up as the seedlings would pro-
portion them, but as with animals under
domestication, the hand of man inter-
venes. The Arabs, Moors and Bedouins
have long understood the best methods of

MAGAZINE

b i//

eS

Fruiting date palm in a California garden

artificially pollinating the date. They
take a cluster of the pollen bearing flowers
(which somewhat resembles the tassel
of our corn), and climbing into the
other trees tie fast a sprig to each cluster
of flowers. This serves to fertilize the
whole cluster. This is likewise done by
our American date growers and with
eminent success.

The planting of seedling date trees is
about as uncertain in resulting varieties
as with other fruits, only more so, inasmuch
as about half of them are sure to be stam-
inate. -There are many varieties and they
vary in style and vigor of tree and in the
fruit they bear large and small, slender and
almost round, dark and light in color,
soft and hard and of varying richness
and flavor. The trees are, therefore, prop-
agated by taking off shoots or suckers
from the base of the trees that are desired
to be perpetuated and increased. During

19

the first ten to twenty years of the life
of a date tree there are many of these
offshoots formed and they may be taken
off by means of a long sharp knife, and if
planted out in good soil and watered
they will usually take root and grow.
Thus the choice bearing trees are propa-
gated and the male trees as well.

The varieties most prized come from
Arabia and the oases of the Sahara and
principally from Algeria, Tunis, Tripoli,
and Morocco. Nearly all that are worthy
of note have already been secured by our
government experts. Among these choice
varieties the Deglet Noir is one of the
best. The fruit is large, amber in color,
soft and of honied sweetness. It has
been traced back for
fully three hundred
years to the Oases
of Memiasisnny am
Southern Tunis and
may antedate this
knowledge. Plants
of it were imported
by me from Biskra
in Algeria in 1889,
and they are now
bearing luscious
dates and many
more have _ been
obtained since. The
Menakher is an-
other very large
and choice variety.
Hamraya is another
very large, dark red
date from Tunis and
the tree is a heavy
bearer. The Khalas
and Fard are two
famous varieties
from Persia and off-
shoots of them have.
been imported. Over
one hundred of the
best kinds in all the
world are growing
in the gardens near
Pheenix and Tempe
in Arizona and these
near Idio, Mecca, and Imperial in the
Salton Basin of California. Tons of fruit
is now being sold and given away from
these trees and the industry of American
date culture has really passed the experi-
mental stage. Seedlings from the Men-
akher, Hamraya, Deglet Noir and other
cholce varieties are being tested.

ee

Mi

Sweet rocket, or dame’s violet (Hesperis
matronalis), always wants to own a border,
where, after all, only the white variety is
particularly desirable, and that in only a
limited quantity. If the grounds are large
enough, remove some of it to a place where
it can run wild. Even the deeper of the
two pink shades takes on beauty in this
way. On Long Island there is a dooryard
of an unoccupied house where the long
grass is full of sweet rocket, and it has
strayed through the fence and across the
sidewalk. —B.S.

Massa-

A New Idea in Plant Propagation—By Robert A. Sanborn, ti.

REMARKABLE NEW ADAPTATION OF A VERY OLD PRINCIPLE OF PROPAGATION, WHICH SHORTENS THE ‘‘WAITING
PERIOD’”’ OF THE HYBRIDIZER AND GREATLY INCREASES THE CHANCES OF LIFE IN CERTAIN KINDS OF SEEDLINGS

pet there are new applications of
old principles merely awaiting the
thought of some operator to develop, has
once again been illustrated in the “seedling-
inarch”” method of plant propagation.
Now, inarching — or the bringing together
of two growing plants and uniting them
by a grafting process, while each one
still retains its own roots has long
been a garden practice with a few kinds
of plants —inarching the vinifera grapes
for instance, is common. But somehow
the method has always been applied to
two mature plants. Nobody seemed to
think of modifying the ordinary budding
process by giving the bud the advantage
of its own root system till union was com-
plete. But this is exactly what Mr. G. W.
Oliver of the Department of Agriculture did
lately and the results are before the world.

To the amateur who found a great
obstacle in plant breeding in the length
of time necessary to mature the new plant
this new application of inarching a seed-
ling opens up great possibilities. For he
can be sure of seeing his results in a very
short time.

The essentials of the operation are so
simple that they may be easily grasped and
successfully applied by any intelligent
boy. The seedling, for example, of a new
hybrid rose a few weeks after germination
may be taken from its pot, the top earth
removed, the root-ball wrapped in cocoanut

Seedling of the finger lime, five weeks old, inarched
to a two-year-old lemon stock. The cloth is used to
keep the soil in place around roots of the seedling

fibre and sacking, a shallow cut about two
inches long made in the stem, joined and
tied to a similar cut made in a suitable stock
plant. Within a month the union will
be made and the little seedling is estab-
lished upon the older and more vigorous
root-system of the stock. Any hard-
wooded, dicotyledenous plant may be
inarched, and the union made with any
strong-growing plant of other species of
the same genus, or in some cases on species
of other genera of the same family.

The method has been worked in the
Department to secure two principal ends.
One is the saving of time in the bringing
to flower and fruit rare or new plant
varieties; the other is to increase the
proportion of successes in propagating
certain species which do not respond well
to the ordinarily used methods of budding
and grafting.

Expert budders are born, not made.

Inarched rose seedling two months after inarch-
ing (one and one-fourth times natural size). Note
the root of the seedling projecting below the union

An expert in this work must study his
plants not only with all five senses but
he must possess a sixth sense that will
tell him the precise proper moment for
acting, and a tactual delicacy comparable
to that of the finest violin virtuoso. And
even so he will often fail. The inarcher
of plants cannot proceed without a knowl-
edge of plants and tools but all that is
required of knowledge and skill he can
learn in half an hour under competent
advice.

The especial value of inarching as
compared with either budding or grafting
rests upon the advantage of having in
the one case both live root-systems during
the formation of a union. Instead of
depending anxiously on several subtle
factors, that cannot in a majority of cases
all be controlled, to secure a union where
a delicate bud or graft has been fitted to
the live tissues of the stock, the inarcher
can well afford to shrug his shoulders

20

Branch of mango with eleven shoots inarched to
seedlings. This branch is supported by a stout stake,
which takes the place of the elaborate benching for-
merly used for the support of plants in large pots

and dismiss all doubt from his mind. He
is perfectly sure whether there is 2 union
or not that provided both root-systems
are protected and watered neither plant
will be lost, and in addition he has proved
that more than go per cent. of his attempts
have resulted in success. Take the case
of a strong-growing mango seedling stock
inarched to a branch of a mature mango
tree of some approved variety. Both
root-systems are working normally, the
sap is coursing to the leaf tips of both
plants. If the cuts are well joined, union |
is inevitable and the cuts need not be as
delicately made as in either budding or
grafting because of the vital assistance
given by the normal action of the plants.
Mr. Oliver states that in his experiments
with inarching the mango which opened
up this new field to him, that he has ob-
tained 1oo per cent. of successes. The
grafting of the mango is so uncertain that
2 per cent. of successes is considered a
reasonable expectation. Mr. Oliver has
succeeded equally well with the mangos-
teen, roses, litchis, citrus fruits, chestnuts,
walnuts, oaks and many others.

The introducer of foreign plant varieties
and the hybridizer of native plants will

most appreciate this new development.

The introduction of a new species or a
hybrid to the plant world is seriously
handicapped by the length of time re-
quired to test the flowering or fruiting

AvucustT, 1911

qualities of the
plant. If, instead of
having to toil
through the disap-
pointing operations
of budding or graft-
ing, or having to
wait two or three
years for a seedling
to flower or fruit,
the nurseryman can
obtain typical re-
sults in one-half or
one-quarter of that
time by inarching,
he not only saves
much time, but
money too, and the
world has the bene-
fit of the novelty
much sooner. Here,
for instance, is one
practical result:

In the case of the
mango (now being
introduced into Florida) the price of the
young plants will be greatly reduced by
this inarching of seedlings. Hundreds of
seedling stock plants may be jcined to the
branches of mature trees. In a month
there will be complete union and the cions
may be severed from the mother tree and set
out on the seedling roots. Enough young
trees can be propagated in two months by
this method to plant ten acres and at very
little expense. Withsome plants Mr. Oliver
has saved a year’s time in bringing them
to flower, and several years’ time in
bringing others to fruit.

This feature of time-saving cannot be over-
estimated. Let us suppose a new rose is pro-
duced by hybridization. Left to itself the
seedling would be perhaps four seasons in
bringing forth a flowerof maximumsize, such
as would serveas a firm basis to determineits

A Business Man’s Garden—By A.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

eS _
a

Rose seedlings, four weeks atter germination, inarched to stocks of the Manetti rose.
process of uniting the seedlings are kept in a moist and growing condition by the soil held around the
roots by burlap. Union is effected in from three to four weeks

merit. Budding to Manetti stock only adds
to the delay by so much time as must elapse
before the seedling is mature enough to give
buds and wood fit for propagation. By the
seedling inarch method the tiny seedling
three weeks after germination may be
inarched to the vigorous Manetti stock and
will produce typical flowers in a few months.

The preliminary stages are the ordinary
ones of raising from seed. The seedling
is pricked off into a two-inch pot shortly
after the cotyledons are developed, and
is placed as near the rim as possible. In
three weeks the little plant is removed,
the root-ball wrapped and the cuts joined
and tied together. The union will be
perfect before the cotyledons decay. By
this seedling-inarch system flowers of max-
imum size have been obtained in three
months after germination of the seedling.

21

A typical experi-
ment is that with
the Australian fin-
ger-lime (Citrus
Australasica). A
seedling of this was
inarched five weeks
after germination to
a two-year-old
lemon seedling.
Two years after ger-
mination the lime
bore fruit. A hybrid
was made by ferti-
lizing two flowers of
the lime with the
pollen of a small
orange tree and two
years and eight
months after the
sowing of the lime
seed the hybrid
seedling was large
enough to be in-
arched upon a seed-
ling citrus. In two years more these tiny
seedling crosses are expected to bloom and
produce fruit. In this case inarching will
have reduced the time factor by more than
one-half, besides greatly simplifying the
work of propagation and ensuring success.

With the delicious mangosteen, a tropical
fruit now on trial in Porto Rico, the Isle
of Pines, the Philippine Islands, and
Hawaii, a plant whose roots start so slowly
that in cultivation a large proportion of
the seedlings die, the difficulty has been
overcome by using a nurse-plant, pre-
ferably Garcinia tinctoria, to which the
seedling mangosteen is united. The seed-
ling has all the benefit of the more robust
roots of the nurse-plant, and in a few weeks
has either developed strong roots of its
own or is well joined to the Garcinia and
can dispense with its own weaker roots.

During the

Massa-
chusetts

Howland,

SHOWING THE POSSIBILITIES BEFORE ONE WHO IS IN EARNEST, ALTHOUGH HAVING BUT FEW
HOURS OF LEISURE— THE PRIME IMPORTANCE OF A WELL-THOUGHT-OUT PLAN TO BEGIN WITH

O THE average man of moderate means
doing business in the city and living

in the suburbs a garden seems’ almost a
necessity — for why live in the country
unless you can enjoy some of its benefits!
To be sure his time is decidedly limited,
perhaps an hour before breakfast in the
early spring mornings or an hour or so
after dinner in the long evenings. But

PORK ER

ee ere
SKK

RE SO

XX

The detail of the rustic arbor and pergola

if he really be a lover of flowers and of
vegetables these mornings with the de-
licious air of early spring, the appearance
of first one and then another of the summer
birds will be a memory never to be forgot-
ten and unfortunately never even known
to those mortals who have not the energy
to overcome that “morning laziness.”

Assuming, then, that we really want
some sort of a garden, what is the result?
A small plot of ground is dug up and planted
with either vegetables or flowers — gen-
erally a strip alongside a fence, wall or
building — but without much regard for
the probable result for the future.

If one has a clear space of say, 30 x 60
it., it would be better to start with some
definite plan which, after a few years, when
fully developed will give a completed unit.

Of course for those who can afford it

such a garden may be built at once and
planted with full grown vines and plants
which will give excellent results the second
year. But most people are unwilling to
lay out a lot of money in one sum, pre-
ferring to do as much as they can them-
selves, adding bit by bit as time and purse
will allow.

i} Wire Netting
Entrance

The plan of the garden—just an ordinary city lot

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Madonna lilies and foxgloves with roses on trellises make summer full of flowers

I will show that such a garden can be
made even under adverse circumstances,
and while the one here described is made
to suit its owner, others may vary theirs
according to the individual tastes. The
fundamental fact is that of an enclosure
of sufficient height to give a charming
“shut in” effect —a place within which
all flowers (and vegetables too, if wanted)
may be massed to give the desired result
of seclusion, a spot where its owners may
retreat from the cares of the business
world and feel that this is indeed his little
kingdom.

Building in this way for the future a plot
of ground was selected and a plan drawn
so that each endeavor might lead up to
a completed whole that: would still be small

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enough to be easily cared for by the owner
himself in the limited time at his disposal.

In this particular instance the develop-
ment was slow for the reason that the only
land available was matted with roots of
forest trees and surrounded by them on
three sides so that the actual labor of
preparing the soil was very great.

The plan covered a flower garden approx-
imately 28 x 35 ft., a vegetable garden of
about the same size and a grape arbor or
pergola between the two; the whole sur-
rounded by rustic posts with a top rail and
covered with Clematis paniculata and
Rambler roses.

The posts are set about ten feet apart
and fully seven feet out of the ground,
with a wire netting tacked to the lower

Planting in rich masses gives real luxury of bloom — enough to see the full effect

AuaGgustT,1911

portion to act both as a fence to prevent
stray dogs from entering and also as a
support on which to train the vines.
By stringing this netting along the posts
of the pergola a charming entrance was
made through the grape arbor to the right
or left at the rear, into either the vegetable
or flower garden as desired.

Another entrance was left at the south-
ern end as this happened to be most con-
venient from the house.

Planning this garden first on paper
enabled the setting out of the grape vines
at once in the positions that they were
to occupy permanently so that at the end
of four years of gradual development
the pergola was built and immediately
became covered with bearing grape vines —
Concord, Moore’s Early, Niagara and
Delaware — a fitting climax to several
years of cultivation.

By alternating pink and crimson Ram-
blers with white clematis on the rustic
posts, the whole enclosure becomes a
veritable bower, not only in the spring
when the roses are in bloom but in the fall
as well, when the clematis is covered with
its snowy blossoms.

The flower beds were laid out as shown
and made sufficiently narrow (about four
and one-half feet) to enable one to weed
them from either side to an imaginary
middle line, thus avoiding stepping into
the bed itself. They are filled with most
of the more common “old-fashioned”’
flowers so arranged that when the spring
blossoms are gone the fall varieties take
their places. These are varied from
year to year, and follow no set rule but it
has been found advisable to use great
care in the selection of the colors so that
there shall be no clashing of Crimson
Ramblers with fiery red poppies, etc.

Grass paths about three feet wide have
been found by all odds the most satis-
factory for the flower garden and to pre-
vent the spreading of grass into the beds
as well as to outline them, rough six inch
boards were sunk flush into the ground
edgewise, making a frame about each and
giving a neater effect than any other
method. These boards do not show ex-
cept on the upper edge which becomes the
color of the earth after the first rain.

The effect of entering this vine-covered
bower during the latter part of June or
early in July with foxglove, larkspur,
white lilies and Ramblers in full bloom
must be felt to be appreciated and has
well repaid the labor of producing it.

The vegetable garden is nearly hidden
by the dense mass of vines entirely sur-
rounding it. The whole of the enclosure
is cultivated and by using care in making
straight even rows and by keeping them
free from weeds the effect is a fitting mate
to the flower section on the opposite side
of the pergola. ;

A great time saver consists of planks
or boards stained or weathered to match
the color of the soil and used as paths on
which to stand when working between the
rows or while picking the vegetables.

i

Garden Results

S THE season advances we look for

returns from our gardens. After

a boy or girl has learned some of the more

simple lessons in plant culture, he should
advance to real garden problems.

Have any of you tried the effect on a
plant of pinching off its side shoots? This
is a garden problem. Try it with tomato,
aster, chrysanthemum and _ carnation
plants. Here is another problem: If only
end or terminal buds are allowed to come
to blossom will this have any effect on
the flowers? Take asters or chrysanthe-
mums for the experiment. Of course
all other buds must be pinched off or the
experiment is spoiled. ;

The clubs formed in different states for
the advance of children’s garden work
really stand for problem gardening. The
following report from Mr. Wallace Mason
shows a little of the
work done in Massa-
chusetts along this
line.

“Children’s gar-
den work in the
towns and smaller
villages of Massa-
chusetts is being
given a most prac-
tical turn through
the influence of the
Corn and Potato
clubs organized un-
der the auspices of
the State Agricultu-
ral College. Prof.
W.R. Hart, the head
of the Education
Department of the
College, began these
clubs in a small way
two years ago. Last
year 5,000 boys and
girls in the state
planted corn or po-
tatoes, and it is es-
timated that the
number this year
will exceed 10,000.

“Each boy or girl
who joins the club is
provided with seed
by the college—four

WHAT ONE CLUB HAS DONE TOWARD

THE SOLVING OF REAL PROBLEMS IN
CHILDREN’S GARDEN WORK —SUG-
GESTIONS FOR THE MONTH’S WORK

Conducted by

ELLEN EDDY SHAW
New York

potatoes, or a half pint of corn. A Corn
and Potato Primer is issued by Professor
Hart giving directions for the planting, care
and harvesting of the crops. The Green
Mountain variety of potato is being used
this year and directions are given for the
preparation and use of the formalin solu-
tion for scab, and the Bordeaux mixture
for blight. Local exhibitions are held and
prizes awarded for the best results.”’

It is a problem to see how much corn one
can raise from a half pint of seed or how
many potatoes one digs from the four seed
potatoes. The pests and the weeds are
a part of the problems.

Monthly Suggestions

“| late things to do in your garden this
month seem to be fewer in number
but they are very important:

(t) Do not let the garden remain with

"aA 4 2a

A boy’s problem work to show yield from one bean under good cultivation

23

waste space in it.
add another.

(2) Attend to hoeing, mulching, water-
ing and the prevention of seed ripening.

(3) The name of the lettuce to put
in for the hot days of midsummer is the
Black Seeded Simpson.

(4) Start a pansy bed. In late fall
cover this over with a light litter of leaves.
Next spring you will have sturdy plants.

(5s) Plant a number of biennials. Put
in sweet William, foxglove, Canterbury
bell and wallflower seeds.

(6) A watering of liquid manure will
help the fruit of the tomato plants.

(7) This is just the time when annual
plants begin to look straggly and give less
bloom. With your scissors cut the growth
right back. New growth will spring up
and new blossoms form. After cutting
back sprinkle fertilizer over the soil or
water well with
manure water.

(8) As the sweet
peas give less bloom
look carefully over
the vines and be
sure no pods are
forming. If the
pods form the num-
ber of blossoms is
reduced.

(9) The tomatoes,
dahlias, chrysanthe-
mums and gladiolus
may need staking.
Do not let them
bend over. A neat
stake painted green
is the sort to use.
Drive it into the
ground and tie the
plant stalk to the
stake with a bit of
rag. Now rag is
better than twine
because it never
cuts the stalk.

(10) Each year
plan to add some-
thing to your stock
of garden tools. Buy
good tools, so your
collection is a per-
manent one.

As one crop comes out

Sow Endive for December Use

| DESIG the past three years my family has

enjoyed endive salad until the first of
December. The last of August each year, I sow
an ounce of either white curled or green curled
endive, in well fertilized beds, making the rows
about a foot apart.

When the plants are two inches high, I always
transplant them to a bed where the soil is as rich
as the seed bed, but I do not take up all of the
plants, only those that are crowded too close
together.

The white curled is self blanching, and pre-
ferable in every way to the green curled, as there
is but little waste to it, the leaves blanching out
to the tips, and being crisp and tender from first
to last.

The green curled is tougher and more difficult
to blanch. When the plants are from six to eight
inches in length of leaf, and are filling out in the
centre, I fold the longest leaves up over the top,
and tie loosely with a piece of soft twine, or raffia,
which is better.

The last of October when the frosts become
heavy it is well to give the endive some protection
and I do this by covering with hay. Being a
woman [I find it is much easier to handle than
boards, which when used are put together in a
trough like fashion, and placed over the rows like
a V upside down.

One great secret in being successful in raising
endive is that it must be kept watered all through
its growth, and not allowed to dry out from the
day the seed is planted until the endive is tied up
for blanching.

It must be tied up on a dry and sunny day, and
when the hay is put over the plants, they must
be dry. Often times, as the winter advances, the
plants will come out of the hay in an almost frozen
condition, and the only thing that can be done
with them, is to place them at once in a pail of
cold water which will draw out all the frost and
when it is served at table, one would never know
that it had been at the freezing point a few hours
before.

Endive is delicious if served with a whiff of
onion and French dressing. It is also a very
pleasant addition to potato salad, in the place of
lettuce.

Connecticut.

Another Idea for Garden
Clothes

Wace descriptions of clothes for women

who do garden work have appeared in the
GARDEN MAGAZINE from time to time, but none
of them seems to me to be quite so good for all
purposes as mine, perhaps because it 7s mine,
as well as because [ have tried them all.

In the first place the all-enveloping apron
which some advise has the bad habit of whipping
up over the head at every wind, thereby spilling
the contents of pockets. A suit of heavy denim
with leggings and “knickers” is far too warm for
comfort from June to September here in Illinois.
Besides it is heavy and difficult to launder.

My garden “‘costume” is made from the pat-
tern of a high-necked, long-sleeved apron. Cut
just a trifle fuller than usual for an apron, and sewed
up the back, so that it is really a dress that is full

Jutie Apams PowELt.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

enough for comfort when stooping, but easily
ironed as an apron. For a slim person make it
two and a quarter yards around the bottom and
if you wish you might add a flounce! This apron-
gown I wear in dry weather as a dress, with a
wide-brimmed straw hat and boys’ canvas gloves.
A hat is much cooler than any sun-bonnet, and the
cotton gloves never become stiff and useless as
old leather ones do.

When the weather is cooler, my apron-gown
covers a short, warm skirt and sweater. When
the ground is damp I wear under it a skirt made
from a discarded rain-coat, the cape of which has
made an excellent wind-proof and water-proof
coat. A bonnet was made from the small upper
cape. With this outfit I can do transplanting im a
drizzle without getting wet. In very bad weather
I wear boys’ rubber boots.

Tllinois. Lutu G. PARKER.

Grafting Crab Cactus on Cereus

HE crab cactus is a weak grower and abomin-
ably slow while the night-blooming cereus
grows with swift, tropical luxuriance and vigor.
By grafting the cactus on the cereus we can give
the crab cactus the sturdiness and rapid-growing
characteristics of the cereus or Phyllocactus!

In August, say, break off a few inches of a cereus
stem and stick it in a sandy soil enriched with
rotted manure. With but little water or attention
of any kind the cutting will thrive.

In January, graft a cutting of the cactus on the
cereus or, better, make a double graft to insure
certain results. This is even simpler than tree
grafting. Cut a narrow wedge out of the top of
the cereus stalk, or split it down from the square-
cut top. Insert a big cactus stalk, trim down
like a wedge, and perhaps two inches long in
one side of the cut and duplicate it on the other.
Tie up the split with a few strands of soft twine
and cover the cleft carefully with the melted
droppings from a tallow candle. Of course the
plant has been brought indoors with the arrival
of winter. These grafts are surprisingly sure and
vigorous beyond belief.

My experience has been with grafting Epiphyllum
truncatum on the Phyllocactus stock, but any
variety of crab cactus can easily be grown on
either cereus or Phyllocactus. Jn fact, any cactus
can be grafted on any other. Always select for
the main stalk a sturdy, rapid grower and for the
graft a variety marked with beautiful bloom.
Cuttings can be made in August or any suitable
time —if outdoors, in warm weather, of course.
A sandy soil and a very little water furnish the
right conditions.

In Arizona they are actually grafting grape
vines on large cacti with a success that invites
even more daring trials.

Indiana. Harry N. Homes.

een
;

A vigorous and rapid growing crab cactus can be
had by grafting it on cereus stock

AuGcusT, 1911

Two Hardy Lupines

XEON G with a great many others’ of the good

old-fashioned border flowers, the herbaceous
lupines were allowed to lapse into neglect. Yet
they are singularly valuable in the hardy border,
and still more so when either naturalized or given
a naturalistic treatment. Both the wild lupine
of the Eastern United States (Lupinus perennis)
and that of the Pacific Coast (L. polyphyllus) are
highly desirable for the border or wild garden.
The former, which usually is in bloom on Decora-
tion Day in Connecticut and on Long Island,
prefers sand, but does well in poor soil. Although
transplanting is not easy, it can be managed if
care is used; sometimes if it is not. The two
plants in my garden were dug up with a knife when
in flower and carried some three miles by hand.
They were given some sand and, at first, a goodly
amount of water. Normally, the color of this wild
lupine is blue, but now and then it turns to white.
Of L. polyphyllus, the hardy lupine of old gardens,

Lupinus perennis the common wild lupine of the
East, is excellent for naturalizing

there are now blue, white, pink, and blue and wkite
forms. Seed planted in a coldframe the first of
July, or earlier in the open ground will bloom the
year following.

Connecticut. lel, 10 I,

Flowers Eleven Months in the
Year

E HAVE many kinds of hardy flowers in our

garden and they are so arranged and grouped
that no part is entirely without color at any part
of the season. Our borders are all irregular, with
a shrubbery background and clumps of hardy plants
and perennials.

We have for a long time used some kind of a
carpeting plant between the flowers and shrubs
and have had the best success with the Scotch
tufted pansy and the dwarf daisy (Bellis perennis).
Many people think that a pansy is short-lived, very
difficult to grow and very tender, but we have not
found it so with the above variety.

Last spring, in March, we gathered pansies
before snowdrops or crocuses bloomed and con-
stantly all the seasoz through.

Finally, the season ot outdoor flowers came to
an end with the chrysanthemums, but the tufted
pansies continued to bloom. On December tst,
we picked the last of the flowers.

We had much speculation as to what would
be our first flower this spring. On February 13th
the warm weather came and for four days it almost
seemed like spring. On the 17th, much to our sur-
prise, we picked a dozen pansy blooms from an un-
protected part of the border, and nearby the Bellis
perennis had a half dozen bright little blooms,
each the size of a penny on very short stems.

Indiana. EArt Brooks.

The latest book t 1 and bi
Aucusr, 1911 iE Go Ney cIDBBNGW IVICARG AUZ, ND *Feanemed truck the Cte 25

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to Leak in Air. No Poisonous Zinc Cap. T prempl sive

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ap. : ; (Solid Silver the Only Better)
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Cut
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for postage, packing, etc.,
and we will present to
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stamps for two teaspoons, three
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- How to Secure Silverware
Is the only Home Canning Jar ever made There are two large Hand in Jar Trade
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; 3 name “Kerr Glass”
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that uses no rubber ring. : ie
All rubber ring jars are rubber ring. It seals airtight, as no Tae ene
a thing of the past. other jar has ever been sealed, by Mark.)

The public hasdecreed means of a gold enameled cap which
that rubber rings areun- has a patent airtight sanitary

sanitary. They deca re A
al ee iA Be ea composition gasket. It

causes contentstomould _ Seals itself by air press-
and spoil. Pure food ure and is strongly
eons have de- endorsed by all
nounced zinc caps as un- :

healthy and dangerous health authori-

Jar Trade Mark i ties.
to Uee lor home Sere a Read What a Domestic Science Authority says of the Economy Jar
1 I firmly believe that every housekeeper will use Economy
Kerr Gl ass Mg£ < oO Jars to the exclusion of all glass top and zinc screw top
Ss e rubber ring jars as soon as she tries Economy Jars for home
yy canning. I always recommend the Economy because it is the
HOME OFFICE EASTERN OFFICE _/ only jar ever invented in which one can put up every fruit,
° vegetable, meat and fish — without fear of a single jar moulding
1 04. Hoyt Street 1 84C West Washington St. or spoiling. It is truly a most wonderful invention—so simple—so
Portland, O Chi Ilinoi handy—so surely sealed—so hygienic—so saving in work and
ortiand, Oregon 1cago, INOIS money too—I am keen to recommend and advise their use— always.

— Miss I. M. Lindsley, Late Domestic Scientist, of Oregon State Schools.

Jriumepl
LAWN CARTS

for Gardeners, Fruit Growers, Dairymen, Country Estates and
all outdoors. Made for those who want a good serviceable,
always-ready cart that saves the lawn and the gardener’s time.

A M By S We manufacture Hand Carts for every purpose. Delivery
Carts, open and weather proof.

e Booklet illustratin
Cultivator and Seeder eee

our full line on request.
Is a Perfect Implement for the Small Garden

From reliable dealers
or direct from factory.
We allow freight to all
points east of the Mis-

@ It has every part necessary for all kinds of hill and drill seed-
ing and for both straddle and between the row cultivating and t
may be used with one or two wheels. It makes gardening a ANN GS,
pleasure for man, woman or child, saves arduous labor and Al ae
gives the best results.

@ For the family which has a small home in the country or in
the suburbs it is the ideal outfit. Its parts are easily adjusted and

sissippi and north of

the Ohio and Potomac

the construction is the strongest. Adjusting three bolts changes Ree OR RReeL bon tariased

it from seeder to cultivator. A child can use it. No. §— Lawn Cart strips, 38 x 53x 8 inches. Box Rivers. Write for free
@ Ask your dealer to show you an Ames Cultivator and Seeder 27 x 42 x10} inches. Side wheels 30 inches, 4-inch spokes, 4

and look for our name onthe handle. It can be used with equal 3-inch rims. Built for lawn and garden use. Capacity: 4-ton. catalog. Special prop-

Shipping weight, 150 pounds.

facility in all kinds of soils in every part of the country. cM hae Rtn one fonda Y
i c This i r the finest cart of its kin q
@ The Ames Plow Company has been manufacturing small and Price, $25.00 Se ea eae ae ee MENGE: ReAae osition to dealers ou

large agricultural implements for almost a century and knows 3 a ae :
: 5 tired wheels. Rack can be removed in thirty seconds. Large
what is best for the garden. If your dealer does not carry it estates buy these carts in quantities. should write.

write us direct and we will send you acatalog. In writing kindly 201 Meadow St

mention your dealer's name. Address Dept. 1. Swartwout Mfg. Co. CLINTON, N. Y.
Ames Plow Company, Boston, Mass. | Triumph Carts are finished in Dark Green Body with Orange

Striping, Red Gears, Hardwood Rack and Handles, natural finish

5 Ij you are planning to build, the Readers’
26 Service can often give helpjul suggestions

Fire Fighting and Telephoning

Both Need Team Work, Modern Tools
and an Ever Ready Plant, Everywhere

Twenty men with twenty buckets can put out a
small fire if each man works by himself.

If twenty men form a line and pass the buckets
from hand to hand, they can put out a larger fire.
But the same twenty men on the brakes of a
‘hand tub’? can force a continuous stream of
water through a pipe so fast that the bucket
brigade seems futile by comparison.

The modern firefighter has gone away beyond
the ‘‘hand tub.’’ Mechanics build a steam fire
engine, miners dig coal to feed it, workmen build
reservoirs and lay pipes so that each nozzleman
and engineer is worth a score of the old-
fashioned firefighters.

The big tasks of today require not only team
work but also modern tools and a vast system
of supply and distribution.

The Bell telephone system is an example of
co-operation between 75,000 stockholders,
120,000 employees and six million subscribers.

But to team work is added an up-to-date plant.
Years of time and hundreds of millions of money
have been put into the tools of the trade ; into the
building of a nation-wide network of lines; into
the training of men and the working out of meth-
ods. The result is the Bell system of today—a
union of men, money and machinery, to provide
universal telephone service for ninety million
people.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

One Policy

give an immediate effect.

One System

Plant for Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations
Start with the largest stock that can be secured !
years to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.

We do the long waiting —thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that
Price List Now Ready.

ANDORRA NURSERIES @

WM. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

Universal Service

It takes over twenty

CHESTNUT HILL,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.

THE GARDEN BDEAG WZ NE

Av Gig S ae

et i

Reminders for Garden Work

|i) ee the heat of August, the spring en-
thusiasm that drove the wheel-hoe and
cultivation will flag a little. But do not yield;
hoe faithfully, choosing the evenings or early
mornings.

Do not become despondent if your asparagus
bed shows rust. Keep right on cultivating.
Beds persistently cultivated will withstand the
rust and will yield next spring, while those neglected
are sure to succumb.

The celery and strawberry beds must be kept
clear of weeds.

Get the soil ready for receiving the seed of fall
vegetables. The soil is in a different condition
now than it was in June. The early applications
of quick-acting fertilizers, acid phosphate, nitrate
of soda, etc., have been exhausted by the growth
of vegetation, but the early applications of com-
post are now well incorporated with the soil,
while is ready to yield quantities of rich plant
00

As far as possible choose the moist parts of the
garden for your late plantings. Don’t forget that
the dilapidated pea and bean patch have abun-
dant stores of nitrogen.

Plant rutabaga turnips early in the month na
other varieties at any time during the next thirty
days.

Cabbage proves very stubborn on soil which is
insufficiently fed. Set out the plants early in
the month in a rich moist location where turnips
or early cabbage have not been previously
grown.

Plant the curled non-heading lettuce for greatest
tenderness and quick growth. Sow endive in
rich soil, covering the seeds lightly.

The patch that was devoted to early truck
may now be turned over and planted with rye
or crimson clover. Rye may be sown at any
time until the end of September to get a good
stand, but clover must be sown early this month
to get sufficient growth.

Select from your finest tomatoes, peppers, melons,
cucumbers, eggplant and other vegetables for
seed fruit. Let them ripen thoroughly before
removing seeds.

The flavor of Bartlett pears is finer if they are
gathered before they mellow and are laid on a
dry floor, beneath a blanket or other covering, to
complete the ripening process.

Be very careful not to bruise the muskmelon
vines when gathering the fruit. They will blacken
and die wherever injured.

If you have a healthy-looking row of string
beans from which you have gathered quite a
harvest, go over them .and pick off every bean,
large or small; add a little poultry manure to
the soil about the vines and see what they will
do for you!

New Jersey. ‘M. RoBerts CONOVER.

For Early Cosmos Bloom

I FIND that the easiest way to get the cosmos to

blossom early is to let it join the ranks of self-
sowing annuals. The blossoms are not so large
as they might be; but the plants start blooming
in July and keep it up until frost comes. The past
September my self-sown cosmos was a mass of
blossoms on the fifth of the month, whereas that
started in a coldframe had not unfolded one bud.
—A.C A.

= ok

AveutusT, 1911

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

For information regarding railroad and steam-
ship lines, write to the Readers’ Service Dif

Se

Genasco

the Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt Roofing

has the life that only natural
asphalt can give roofing to last-
ingly resist all kinds of weather.

The Kant-leak Kleet clamps the
roof-seams water-tight without
cement, and prevents nail-leaks.
Ask your dealer for Genasco with
Kant-leak Kleets packed in the roll.

The Barber Asphalt Paving Company

Largest producers of asphalt, and largest
manufacturers of ready roofing in the world.

Philadelphia

San Francisco

| THE CLIPPER

There are three things that de-
stroy your lawns: Dandelions,
Buck Plantain and Crab Grass.
In one season the “Clipper”
will drive them all out.

ia) CLIPPER PAWN MOWER co.

ixon,

Chicago

Pennsylvania School of Horticulture

for Women Ambler, Pa.

A school for theoretical and practical instruction in gardening,

and other branches of horticulture. Special attention given to

the practical side of the work.
Incoming class limited to twelve

MISS JANE B. HAINES
President

Fall Term opens September 6th

MIss M. O, COLLINS
Principal

FILMS DEVELOPED

10 Cents Per Roll—All Sizes,

The best photographic work may be spoiled
by the indifference, inability or carelessness
of the finishers. Our years of experience
and constantly improving methods enable us
to give our customers better results than
they have ever had. We-desire a fair com-
parison with others and so make the follow-
ing exceptional offer:

Send us two of your favorite negatives and

we will print them without charge and re-
turn to you postpaid as samples of our work.

PRICE LIST
Films developed, all sizes, 10 cts. per roll. Velox
Prints; Nos. ! and 2 Brownies, 3 cts.; 24x44,
34 x3h, 31x41, 4 cts; 4x5, 3 A, 5 cts post-
cards, 5 cts. each.
We carry a full line of Supplies. Cameras, films

and paper shipped prepaid at list prices.

AUTHORIZED DEALERS
EASTMAN KODAK CO.

COLE & CO., Asbury Park, N.J.

Spray Your Potato Vines
with 3
Swift’s Arsenate of Lead

ON’T putter around with a stick and old
tin pan, but get all the bugs and get
them quick and easy.

Swifts Arsenate of Lead mixes readily with water,
does not settle quickly, can be applied with any
pump.

It sticks to the foliage through ordinary rains —
one spraying lasts as long as three or four with the .
old-style mixture.

Use it on your vegetables and fruits, and get the
yield your land can produce. It is fatal to leaf-
eating worms and insects.

MERRIMAC CHEMICAL CO.

59 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.

REC. TRADE MAM

HARROWS AND CULTIVATES

With Clark’s Original “Cutaway” Double Action

Harrow and Cultivator you can do more different kinds 100% ae ORIGINAL
of work with less effort than any other. It is the only CROPS { ri “CUTAWAY.”
Disk Cultivator that completely embodies the double gE | =Wa ———

action principle. It will do the work of several other F i lo fy) \- $a

disk machines that would cost you several times as much;
do it more thoroughly, because it has 4 gangs instead of
2. Cuts the soil twice, throws in opposite directions,
fills the hollows, leaves land level and true. The draft

is always from the center—suitable for light team. All
single action harrows run in half lap. Gang trame ad- ‘ec
justable for cultivating rowed crops. Jointed pole. We &
make a “Cutaway” for every crop. Send today for our
new catalogue, “Intensive Cultivation.” It’s free.

RROW COMPANY

A CLARK’SA-4 DOUBLE ACTION CUTAWAY HARROW & CULTIVATOR

== —4 Ee
A) ie poll } N

: (= ui ss,

Ty

(|
y =

j W

CUTAWAY H 902 Main Street, Higganum, Conn.

~ benefits
of
outdoor
life

but none of its discomforts, are realized in 4%

The Burlington
Venetian Blind

In your windows it makes your room delight-
fully cool. Enclose your porch with the
Burlington Venetian Blind and you have
added a healthful out-of-door room to
your home.

/ The Burlington Venetian Blind can
be raised or lowered at will, and can be
adjusted to any angle to suit the height of
the sun.

The Burlington Venetian Blind is made to order only.

Our illustrated catalog, telling about the various styles,
will be mailed to you on request.

Burlington
Venetian
| f= = Blind Co.
= es 327 Lake St.
| = : Burlington, Vt.

and you will have no trouble
keeping your stock supplied
with water. Goulds Reliable
Pumps are the most dependable,
easiest working and _ longest
service pumps you can buy.
Write for our free booklet

“*Water Supply for the Home’”’
Contains many valuable sugges-
tions on pumps and pumping.
THE GOULDS MFG. CO.

82 W. Fall St., Seneca Falls, N, Y.

COULDS gt —

RELIABLE

=
The Old Style

Nuisance

The Readers’ Service will give information
28 about the latest automobile accessories

Clear Out Insects and Worms

To rid your trees, bushes, flowers and
vegetables of insects, bugs and vermin, with-
out slightest injury to foliage, without even
staining leaves or ground, spray with

READEANA

Rose Bug Exterminator

24 oz. Bottle
49 oz. Bottle
1 Gallon -

The destructive CUT WORMS, bugsand insects that
work at the roots of plants and vegetables—down out
of sight—you can bring to the surface—in less thana
minute—to die, simply by applying

ELECTRIC

Worm Eradicator
with an ordinary sprinkling can. Quick, sure, easy.
24 oz. Bottle - - $1.00
48 oz. Bottle - - 2.00
1 Gallon - - - 4.00

Both preparations are highly concentrated and are
to be greatly diluted. You'll find them as economical
as they are effective. A postal card will bring you our

booklet-—THE INSECT AND WEED PROBLEM
SOLVED.

If your dealer hasn’t our products we will sell direct to
you. Write us, Don’t wait till the pests do their work.
Reade Manufacturing Company
1025 Grand Street, Hoboken, New Jersey

PENNS YLYVANIA
Quality LAWN MOWERS

THE ONLY MAKE WITH CRUCIBLE TOOL-STEEL
= BLADES THROUGHOUT

Catalog on Request

TERRA COTTA
COMPANY

Pottery Dept.

|

| ATLANT

| IC
|

|

1170 BROADWAY, N.Y.

Aueust, 1911

As the Fruit Ripens

LOSELY following the fruiting of the straw-
berries is the ripening of currants and
cherries. Currants will require little attention
if they have been sprayed with arsenate solution
earlier in the season to destroy worms. Birds
like mulberries better than cherries, and it is a
wise policy to grow mulberries just for the birds
so that they will not eat the cherries. When
planting a dozen or so cherry trees for family
use, plant a few mulberries among them.

If you do not have the mulberries, probably
the cheapest protection that is practicable for a
few trees is to cover the fruit with mosquito
netting in a way to prevent the birds from eating
it. When the sun shines, bright new tin tied on
the branches may frighten the birds away for a
time, or you might make a little wind mill and
fasten strips of tin to the wings.

There are no tree fruits, next to apples, that I
would plant with more confidence than sour
cherries. Grow sweet and sour cherries in the
peach belt, and only sour cherries outside.

Before the cherries are gone raspberries begin
to ripen. Ihave learned some lessons about the
culture of cane fruits by observing the conditions
under which they best thrive when growing wild.
Wherever the ground is covered by brush and
leaves and is moist, the canes are strong and the
berries large and sweet. A brush pile around
blackberry and raspberry canes always induces
a larger growth. The most uncongenial soil is one
that is hard and dry.

The garden culture of cane fruits that is most
practical and gives best results, is so to cultivate
them (until just before fruiting time) that an
earth mulch is kept on the surface, and the soil
aerated. Then place a mulch over the cultivated
surface to retain the moisture during the usually
hot, dry weather of July and August. The ma-
terial used for the mulch is a matter of convenience.
If one keeps animals the bedding used in the
stables is best. Refuse matter from the gar-
den or orchard can be used—weeds cut before
the seeds are ripe, vines of early peas, beans,
potatoes, or brush cut when pruning the fruit
trees, can be laid between the rows, if cut up so
as to lay down flat. Just try throwing brush
around some canes so that they can retain moisture,
and see the difference. It is the extra water in
fruits that makes them more luscious. I grow
the Cuthbert and Golden Queen raspberries.

In the latitude of New York, the last of July
is the best time to sow cover crops among the
fruit trees. These crops are of great value in the
bearing orchard, especially when fertilizers are
needed for it. Im the young orchard, up to
the time of bearing, I would grow some cultivated
field or garden crops. If sowed in July in drained,
fairly rich soil that is not acid, clover is best,
Next in value is vetch, that will sometimes thrive
where clover will not. The surest cover crop to
grow under all conditions is rye with a small
admixture of cow-horn turnipseed. When fruit
trees begin to bear they need feeding, and the
cheapest and most satisfactory way is to plow
under green clover in the spring. In well-drained
soil the application of lime generally enables one
to grow clover. Clover and alfalfa can do more
for the fruit grower than any other plants, for they
go down deeper in the soi] for mineral matter, and
take nitrogen from the atmosphere.

My plan of using lime for clover and alfalfa

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

j
4 bi

Erected for R. W. Leslie, Bryn Mawr, Pa.

Buy This $250.00

Greenhouse Now

Have an indoor garden of flowers all this
winter. No leggy, laggy plants, but healthy,
full blooming “top-notchers.”

Never has a greenhouse so well built and
thoroughly guaranteed been offered at so low
a figure. Price includes everything, even to

the boiler. Shipped knocked down, ready

for immediate erection.

Anyone can put it up — no foundations
needed. Turn the dreary winter months
into summerland by having this house.

Send for booklet.
Hitchings & Company

1170 Broadway, N. Y.

at all seasons

ar ish Mushrooms Growing in your Cellar

40 cts in postage stamps together with the name of your
* dealer will bring you, postpaid, direct from the
& manufacturer, a fresh sample brick of

Lambert’s Pure Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN

the best high-grade spawn in the market, together with large illustrated book
on Mushroom Culture, containing simple and practical methods of raising,
preserving and cooking mushrooms. Not more than one sample brick will
be sent to the same party. Further orders must come through your dealer.

Address: American Spawn Co., Dept, 2, St. Paul, Minn.

Peony-planting time
is almost due

and—

To think about Peonies is to
think about us

because—

We Grow Peonies

—Nothing Else

and that’s significant.

We offer the best sorts on/y—guaranteed true to
name—and supply only established plants at the
lowest prices for quality.

“Our reputation has been built
on the quality of our stock.”

Distinctive catalog ready in August.

Mohican Peony Gardens
Box 300, Sinking Spring, Penna.

AvuGcusT, 1911

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

I} you wish injormation about dogs
apply to the Readers’ Service

29

BUY THIS

POTATO DIGGER

Extra strong, very durable, light draft, easy on horses, pos-
itively best potato digger on market. Fully guaranteed—still
priced low. Get free book on Diggers, Pickers and Sorters.

The Hoover

HOOVER MFG. CO.
Box 36, Avery, Ohio

Transfer points—Buffalo, N. Y.,
Detroit, Mich., St. Paul, Minn.,
Marshalltown, “las
Idaho Falls,Id.,Port-

land, Ore., Spokane, *
Wash., Winnipeg,

Man., Hamilton, Ont.,
Fond du Lac, Wis.

CHICAGO SUN CLOTHES DRYER

FOR LAWN USE

Eliminates clothes posts, is Pena ye and can be
removed when not in use, holds 165 feet of line.
Excells all others in strength, durability and
convenience in handling. Eacharm operates in-
dependently. When opened, arms lock in posi-
tion and stretch lines. When closed, arms lock
9 automatically. Best and most satisfactory lawn

dryer made. Write for FREE folder No. 21.
: THE CHICAGO DRYER CO.

624 So. Wabash Ave., Dept. 21, Chicago

© and Electric Lighting Plants
FOR COUNTESS BSE

SUPPLY

No elevated tank to freeze or ¥

leak, Tank located in cellar.

60 lbs, pressure. Furnished

with Hand. Gasolene or Electric &

Pump. Ideal FireProtection, Elec-

tric Lighting Plants at prices within the Seat

ofall. Write for Catalogue ‘‘K.” ey
LUNT-MOSS ©O.

43 So. Market Street, BOSTON. NEW YORK OFFICE, 37 Warren Street

SUN-DIALS wrrotr

WITHOUT

PEDESTALS

Send for Catalogue: H 27 of pergolas,
sun dials and garden furniture or H 40
of wood columns.

HARTMANN-SANDERS CoO.
Chicago, III.
New York Office, 1123 Broadway

SAVE YOUR FRUIT TREES

Kill San Jose Scale, Aphis, White Fly, and all other parasites
and insects, by spraying with a strong solution of

Good’s Yes Whale Oil Soap No. 3

Nothing to injure or poison trees, plants, vines, or shrubs. No sulphur, salt
or mineral oils. Dissolves easily in water. Used and indorsed by

U.S. Department of Agriculture.
50 Ibs., $2.50; xoo lbs., $4.50; larger quantities proportionately less.
Write today for free booklet on Plant Diseases.

JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, 981 N. Front Street, Phila.

MOLES Rae Bed

Send 25 cents for enough beans to kill the
moles in a small garden or lawn.

| BROWNIE CHEMICAL COMPANY, Bound Brook, N. J.

ORCHIDS

Largest importers and growers of
OrcHips in the United States

LAGER & HURRELL
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J.

Caustic

DON’T KILL ALL THE GRASS

on your lawn, but kill each husky weed with a Deadly
Dandelion Pill applied with a ‘‘Jabstick.’’ No back-
ache. 500 Pills and ‘‘Jabstick’’ prepaid $1.00. Money

back if you are not satisfied.

WILLIAM A. SPINKS & CO.

362 West Erie Street CHICAGO

PRATT’S -
“SCALECIDE”
Will positively destroy SAN JOSE SCALE and all soft
bodied sucking insects without injury to the tree. Simple, more

effective and cheaper than Lime Sulphur. Not an experiment.
One gallon makes {6 to 20 gallons spray by simply adding water.

Send for Booklet, “‘ Orchard Insurance.”
B. G. PRATT CO., 50 Church St.,. NEW YORK CITY

Do you know
what trail this is 2
Skookum did and Rolf learned.

ROLF IN THE WOODS

This is Little

Dog Skookum

ote
)

By Ernest Thompson Seton
Chief Scout of the Boy Scouts of America

@ Being the adventures of a Boy Scout with Indian
Quonab and little Dog Skookum in the War of 1812.

Many illustrations.

Fixed price, $1.50 (postage 15c.)

By the Same Author

TWO LITTLE

Profusely illustrated by the author.

SAVAGES

Net $1.75 (postage 15c.)

Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y.

Renew Your Lawn Now

Be —— Have a fine lawn by sowing KALAKA ,the Wizard Lawn
Ey Producer. Comes up like magic. All it needs is soil—
moisture. Ideal for new lawn, terraces, or to renew old
w areas. Grass seed and strong concentrated animal manure.
i} Results quick, sure. Cheaper, goes further than ordinary
seed. Tryit. 5-lb.box for$1.00 express prepaid East of Mis-
souri River. Write for free booklet,*‘How to Make a Lawn.”’

&, THE KALAKA COMPANY, 814 EXCHANGE AVE., CHICAGO

Place a sundial in your garden or
on your lawn and it will return an
hundred fold in quiet enjoyment.
Write us for free booklet of

Sundial Information

Chas. G. Blake & Co.
787 Woman's Temple, Chicago, IIL

IRISH ROSES

Fruit and Ornamental
Trees

EVERGREENS

Extra Sizes for Immediate Effect

Liberal Discounts on Large Orders
Our Catalogue is a cyclopedia of information to the planter

ROSEDALE NURSERIES

LANDSCAPE DEPT.
63 Hamilton Place

S. G. HARRIS
Tarrytown,N. Y.

Lf you wish to systematize your business the
30 Readers’ Service may be able to offer suggestions THE GARD EN MA G AZIN E AuGusTt, 1911

is to slake stone lime by covering with soil, after
O Ss U C H T H I N G plowing the ground, then spread it and harrow it
in, making a fine seed bed. Red clover is best

5 to sow, and the best way to cover the seed is to

As Saving Money Through roll it in, which so compacts the seed-bed that the

Buying a Cheap Machine seed quickly germinates. I am using alfalfa for

all purposes for which I would sow clover, and with
Instead of the Matchless very satisfactory results. When either clover or

alfalfa is sown in the orchard in July it is better
S A A R P ; E-; S to mow in the fall before weed seeds mature.
The last of July and early in August is the best

am time for transplanting potted strawberry plants
Tubular Cre Separator if they were potted early in the summer. When |

us cheap pnochins will more an 2058 pie wile one has neglected to set bedded strawberry plants

ofa itubdular e TsSt year. any OU; . . ‘a 5

cheap separators are discarding them for Tubulars. in the spring, potted plants can be set in mid-

The cheap machines lasted one year on ue BNET ae Con j | summer, and a fair crop be obtained next year.

required ten to thirty dollars repairs—and lost more lant can be urchased of most “
in cream than the original cost. Potted plants Ip old, and the best methods of plant

nurseries. Marshall is a very desirable variety.
The soil should be very rich for potted plants,

ing to raise a full crop of strawberries

Do you call that cheap?
Tubulars have twice the skimming force,

skim faster and twice as clean as others. for they have only two or three months to grow, next year are fully particularized in
Dairy Tubulars contain no disks or other Yaa a and they will make no runner plants that are worth | |f 9
Freee Rae artifehme ease bedding. I would set them in check rows eighteen | | DREER S
gest separator concern. inches apart each way, then work them with the i "3
ane peieeees sconomy — wheel hoe. In the short season of New York, Mid-Summer C atalogue
The World’s Best. pe oe " I think potted plants set in the summer are less INiganthenten: ie £ Cel Cab
ee -{ | satisfactory than bedded plants set in early spring. COMED BREST ATIENES COS aoaLy
On request, a Tubular : 2 c bage, Plants, etc.
will be deliveredandset Piya No plan of summer or fall setting of strawberry 8& a vd
up in your home, for € oF, plants has given as good results as spring set plants, Bes MOS (Corea ri list of the Bis Han dy
fee ea ieee C= ne but if one has no strawberries it is as well to plant & eee mee eh ee me
pense to you. Why i a. _ in summer for they will bear a small crop one al al GHOMS ey NKel Uchiha) SEAS Wor Sil
send any money go’ : year sooner than by waiting until another spring to Ais a fall’ sowing.) Select is Ose esscus
fox omic. chcoo ane y ZB] | plant. All the fruit stems should be removed from abledecorsbucand flowering plants.
Seana toroaltty , UP spting set strawberries to get the growth of plants EE AT ore ee Cl
is more important _e needed to bear a full crop the next year.
than first cost. z a New York. W. H. Jenxins. ER PHILADELPHIA

Other separators

taken in part pay-

ment for Tubulars. - |
Write for cata- ‘| |

logue No. 215 and P

free trial.

WEST CHESTER, PA.

Chicago, Ill., San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore.,
Toronto, Can., Winnipeg, Can.

SUTTON SONS, _READING, ENGLAND

Wagner Landscape Service

Insures home surroundings in keeping with the finest architec-
ture. Our landscape department plans spacious groundsas we)l
as smaller places, making them a delight to cultured tastes.
Ournurseries furnish Wagner’s Famous Reses, Hardy Flowers,
Shrubs and Trees. Write for our free illustrated book.

“Plants and Plans for Beautiful Surroundings’’
WAGNER PARK NURSERIES, Box 624, Sidney, Ohio

Florists, Nurserymen, Landscape Gardeners

PROTECT YOUR LAWNS |
Tf you wish for the Lawn beauti-
ful, you must protect the tender
grass from injury by ants, etc.

THE LAWN ANT DESTROYER EY:

Will destroy ants absolutely and not injure the grass in f
any way. Has been used on the finest Links and Gardens Plantin g for Late Crops

in the union, and first failure is yet to be reported. Send LANGE. ate once. white potaticonion ial
your dealer’s name and $1.00 for trial can. Money re- P SIAR cee ACE. ee BS RNP IES naan

turned if half can does not giveresults. Information free. ; } 6 : FO
ou th t t ted for late plant B From S
GRAND RAPIDS LAWN ANT DESTROYER CO. eta SU) come aa Sate Sey Eacisaag haa uy ro pecialists
58 Kent S Grand Rapids. M:ch your locality. Friable red clay and sandy loam
cnt oe rane sapiese mc | soils are both good for potato growing.

G SPECIMEN TREES
Sow early bush beans up to the last of the month. Choice Evergreens Fon

i : é Ornamental Planting
Begin planting spinach, kale and mustard about Also DECIDUOUS TREES and SHRUBS

the middle of the month, also turnips, radishes Write for large illustrated catalog.
se and beets. D. HILL NURSERY CO., Inc.
Box 106, DUNDEE, ILLINOIS

The new large Japanese radish, Sakurajima.
oa should be sown at once in order to get the very
ra n g | n e [F R E E | largest sized roots. On account of its mammoth FAIR FAX RO S ES
a size, it is late in maturing. |
: — CANNOT BE EQUALLED Catalogue free

Set out cauliflower plants the last of the month.
W.R. GRAY, Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX CO., VA.

Gather the young pods of okra and dry them for
winter use.

MOW YOUR HEDGE
IN 1-5 THE TIME

Be sure to sow at least a few seeds of the large
varieties of pansies during the latter part of the
month, which is the best time of the whole year
for planting. Pansies demand a rich soil, with eS
plenty of shade and water until well established. Cutting it takes too long.
You can mow a 13-inch
swath easily, quickly, with
The UNIQUE
HEDGE TRIMMER

Amazing ‘““‘DETROIT” Kerosene Engine
shipped on 15 days’ FREE Trial, proves
kerosene cheapest, safest, most powerful
fuel. If satisfied, pay lowest price ever
given on reliable farm engine; if not, pay
nothing.

Gasoline Going Up!

Automobile owners are burning up so
much gasoline that the world’s supply
is running short. Gasoline is 9c to 15¢
higher than coal oil. Still going up.
Two pints coal oil do work of three
pints gasoline. No waste, no evapor-

Set out celery plants toward the last of the
month for main winter crop. Large, strong plants
will give the best results. Remember that celery
requires a rich soil and good cultivation.

ation, no explosion from coal oil. 4 ‘ Sow lettuce seed for winter use. For a con- Every movement counts!
° 6G 99 | tinuous supply, make successive sowings every Hedgecontractorscan quad-
Amazing DE I ROI I three weeks up to the middle of October. ; rupie their wagesand profits.
on 2 3 9 4 Workmanship and material
The “DETROIT” is the only engine that handles coal ofl successfully; Sow seed of salsify or oyster plant now, as it indefinitely guaranteed
uses alcohol, gasoline and benzine, too. Starts without cranking. Basic requires a long growing season Sandwich Tsland :

patent—only three moving parts—no camis—no sprockets—no gears—-no : :
valves—the utmost in simplicity, power and strength. Mounted on skids. Mammoth is the largest-rooted variety.
All sizes, 2 to 20 h. p., in stock ready to ship. Complete Enzine tested q:
just before crating. Comes se sane run. AL saws, threshes, Stake, prune and disbud chrysanthemums dur-
churns, separates milk, grinds feed, shells corn, runs home electric-lighting 1 . 1 ‘ 1 1
lant. Headland peal ee 6 Oli: ing the month; also give them liquid manure in
Sent any place on 15 days’ Free trial. eer as Gara you investi- order to get the finest flowers. When using liquid
gate amazing, money-saving, power-saving * eT 1T.” Thousands é
in use. Costs only postal to find out. If you are first in your neighbourhood to manure, never let the plants suffer for water, the

write, we will allow you Special Extra-Low Introductory price. Write! | morea plant is fertilized, the more water it requires.
DETROIT ENGINE WORKS, 229 Bellevue Ave. , Detroit, Mich. Georgia. THOMAS J. STEED.

Sent Prepaid

“Sent Prepaid GE OO

If not satisfactory after one week’s trial, can be returned.
f Write for booklet.

Fountain Cutlery Co., 936,Fibert Street

Refer to any bank in Philadelphia

Aocust, 1911 j

Fei” 8
SY

YY

—~
//
Ih
que S44
ANU Frau

jl

Di

i

The Vacation

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 31

=
as

Problem

Where to spend the two weeks’ vacation
that falls to the lot of the average busi-
ness manisalways somewhat of a problem
when the time arrives. Many a
man wouldalmost rather stay inhis
office than be bothered looking
over the ‘‘literature’”’ of the var-
ious railroad companies and still
not find what he wants.

Exactly what a man does want when he
decides to go away depends entirely on his
inclinations and temperament and of course
his purse. If he is a sportsman, he will
want to know where and when he can find
good fishing or shooting of the particular
kind he needs, without infringing on game laws or property
rights; if he is fond of sailing or canoeing, he will want to
know where these particular pastimes can best be indulged in.
Does he want quiet or companionship, rest or exercise, the
air of the mountains or that of the sea? All these things,
together with the most important one—the price —can be
had for the asking from the Raymond & Whitcomb and Country
Life Hotel and Resort Bureau.

Main Office located at 225 Fifth Avenue, New York

Branches at Raymond & Whitcomb’s Offices in

Boston Los Angeles :
Philadelphia San Francisco ee
Detroit Portland, Oreg. =

Also at Doubleday, Page & Co.’s office
in the People’s Gas Building in Chicago

Telephone, call or write to the office most convenient to
you. Write to the Readers’ Service, Garden Magazine, if you prefer.

HOTEE*RESOREDUREAU

225 Fifth Avenue

NEW YORK, N. Y.

RAYMOND & WHITCOMB CO. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
225 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK GARDEN CITY, LONG ISLAND

For over 30 years the Raymond & Whitcomb Co. A Peele ;
have made a specialty in everything in connection Publishers of Country Life in America, The

with foreign and American travel. Raymond & World’s Work, The Garden Magazine.
Whitcomb’s tours are famous. 4

32

What is a fair rental for a given
property? Ask the Readers’ Service

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

AucusT, 1911

is the
Faultless
Fruit Jar

Habit is the only thing that is keep-
ing you to the old-fashioned, ordi-

nary fruit jar. Every year you've
put up with the screw top kind that
gets stuck three times in five. You
had to use that kind, until lately—
but not now. That troublesome,
narrow-mouthed fruit spoiler is a
thing of yesterday, and today it’s
the all glass convenient

ATLAS

E-Z
SEAL

Jar for all preserving purposes. See that
wide mouth? It takes uncut fruit and
vegetables. Gives you all the flavor and
all the freshness of summertime foods, right
through the winter. Fruit or vegetables
can’t spoil, can’t “work”’ in E-Z Seal Jars.
Top seals air-tight with a finger push—
and opens as easily. It’s the jar you
ought to have. Sold at all general stores.

Send for our booklet of Famous
Preserving Recipes. Tells you
better ways of canning and pre-
serving. No charge and glad
to mail it to you.

HAZEL ATLAS GLASS CO.,
Wheeling, W. Va.

| excellent plant for house culture.
| tells of a single bulb that was grown by a woman in

Cyclamen for Everybody

1 cyclamen, an old-time favorite bulbous
flowering plant, has been popular with
gardeners for years. There are few window gar-
deners who attempt to grow it, though it is an
One gardener

her window garden for nineteen years, and at the
time that he saw it, it was bearing 160 flowers!

Three months of bloom from a single cyclamen
bulb is not at all uncommon. During that period
a bulb three inches in diameter will produce a
hundred or more flowers, twenty-five to fifty flowers
being borne at one time. I have a plant which
has been growing in my window for two months
that has withstood about all the trials to which
a plant can be subjected. Several times the soil
has become very dry, and once the room became
filled with illuminating gas, but the plant is still
in good condition and has several flowers.

The cyclamen can be grown from seed, or the
bulbs can be purchased in November, or later,
from the seedsmen. The seeds can be sown at
almost any time. The usual practice among
gardeners is to sow them in August, but there
are many who wait until December or early
January. It takes from thirteen to eighteen
months, according to how fast the plants are
forced, to get good flowering bulbs. The window
gardener had better sow his seed in August or
September to insure good flowering bulbs a year
from the following winter.

Use pans or shallow boxes in which to sow the
seed. The soil should be very porous; one com-

posed of two parts leaf mold and one part sand |

will give good results. One gardener of my
acquaintance uses equal parts of sand, leaf mold,
and thoroughly decayed horse manure, and then
adds some charcoal which has been finely broken,
or, if that is not available, soft bricks are broken
up and the fine siftings added to the soil.

Scatter the seeds thinly over the surface of the
soil and cover them with sand, or with a covering
of the seed soil, one-eighth of an inch deep. Water
with a fine-rosed watering pot, and if the seeds
are being germinated in the living room, cover the
pot with a piece of glass. Further watering must
be done carefully; too much will rot the seeds.

In from fifteen to twenty-five days, the small,
round, dark green leaves will appear above ground,
one to each bulb. Then the glass should be re-
moved from the pan. When two or three leaves
have been made, the plants are large enough to
be transplanted. Put them in other pans or in
shallow boxes, using the same kind of soil as was
used for starting th seed. In transplanting do
not disturb the roots any more than is necessary.
Set the plants one inch apart each way.

The next transplanting should be made when

the bulbs become as large as peas, when they will |

be put in two-inch pots. If the cyclamen are
being grown in the window garden, it will be
better to transplant the young bulbs into three
inch or three and one-half inch pots rather than
the two-inch pots because then the soil will not
dry out so quickly.

Some growers sow the seed in the flats or pans
very thinly—an inch or so apart—and do not
transplant the bulbs until they are put in the pots.
However, the most successful growers find that
the transplanting and change of soil is advan-
tageous. From this time on the plants should
be shifted from time to time as necessary. At
no time should they become potbound, nor should
they receive a check of any kind.

When mixing the soil for subsequent pottings,
use two parts well decayed sod, one part well
decayed horse manure, one part leaf mold, and
add some finely broken charcoal for drainage.

The plants will need five to six-inch pots in which |

to flower, the latter being the best size if the
plants are making a° good growth. They should

be in these pots by September.

Grow the plants near the glass at all times so |

as to avoid “drawing them” —i.e., getting long,
spindly growth. If grown in the greenhouse,
give them a night temperature of 60 degrees and
maintain a dry atmosphere; a humid atmosphere
will tend to make leggy plants.

When transplanting the cyclamen always keep

») DEPENDABILITY

is one reason why wearers
recommend the

Boston Garter
Built for comfort
and wear, in all
seasons and all
climates, all
over the world.

Boston Garter

meets the requirements
of gentlemen everywhere.
Gives full wear value and
‘is constructed on highly scientific
lines. The fabrics are best quality,
the metal parts strong and accu-
rately cut and perfectly fitted.
Prices, Cotton, 25c.; Silk, 0c.
Sold everywhere.
Sample pair mailed on receipt of price.

Georce Frost Co., Boston, U.S.A. |

FRANKEN’S
DUTCH BULBS

We invite any who may be dis-
satisfied with either the quality
or price of the bulbs planted
by them, to try ours.

We sell nothing but the best, at
Growers’ Prices

Fine Peonies, Iris, Phlox, etc.,
Catalogue

FRANKEN BROTHERS

DEERFIELD ILLINOIS

(Nurseries also at Sassenheim, Holland.)

Three Things You Need

FIRST: The only Sanitary method of
cating for garbage, deep in the ground
in heavy galvanized bucket with bail.
Odorless; proof against rats, cats and
dogs, or the smaller, death dealing pest,
the house fly. Health demands it.

Underground Garbage Receiver

=

Opens with the Foot

nese eREO
7 fT’

Yeaus ware”

Underfloor Refuse Receiver
Underground Earth Closet

SECOND: This clean, convenient
way of disposing of kitchen ashes,
cellar and yard refuse, does : away
with the ash or dirt barrel nuisance.
Stores your oily waste and sweep-
ings. Fireproof; flush with garage

floor.

THIRD: It supplies
a safe and sanitary
method to keep your
water supply safe
from pollution. It
prevents the danger from the house or
typhoid fly, around camp or farm, dis-
seminating its poisonous germs to your
family. Nine years in practical use. It
Pays to look us up.

Sold direct. Send for Circulars on each
C. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr.
40 Farrar Street Lynn, Mass.

Easy to sweep into

A Camp Necessity

Aveust, 1911 DEGRADE NN MOAGIAZ ENE | “Aaten chad cakence 33

EVERGREENS

can be successfully transplanted in

AUGUST

] WE have them in great
|

variety; many rare
sorts; all transplanted or
root-pruned, so that they
will lift with a ball of
earth about the roots
which ensures their living.
Our Nur.eries contain
many large specimen
Evergreens as well as
thousands of smaller sizes
suitable for transplanting.

spec ie We also have in large
Abes Concolor (White Fir) assortment

TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES and VINES for OCTOBER delivery
HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS for SEPTEMBER planting
EVERYTHING FOR PLANTING THE HOME GROUNDS

We cordially invite all interested to visit our nurseries. We are

only eighteen miles South of Boston. Catalogue and price list
mailed on request.

THE BAY STATE NURSERIES
North Abington Mass.

Better Lawns, Flowers and Vegetables with

S Pulverized
Wizard Brand Sheep Manure
Wonderful results quickly. No weeds or HOTT grasses.
Economical and convenient to use. Unequalled for lawn,
flowers, trees, shrubs, fruit, meadows and grain fields. |
er bbl. freight prepaid east of Missouri

400 iver. Cash with order. Ask for quantity
=

prices. Write for copy of booklet “‘Lawn
and Garden.’’ Gives valuable pointers.
THE PULVERIZED MANURE COMPANY
19 Union Stock Yards H:onn on: Chicago
Wizard Brand is handled by jirst class seedsmen

eriarmileon Made Garden Hose

is made by the old fashioned, slow process. Every piece bears our
guarantee to withstand a certain pressure. Various grades. Tite us.
Hamilton Rubber Mfg. Co., Trenton, New Jersey

Equip Your Garden
for All Seasons

other covers. Have plants, violets
for example, ready to transplant into cold-frames. Send for our catalog
(free) and Prof. Massey's booklet on cold-frames (4c in stamps).

SUNLIGHT DOUBLE GLASS SASH CO.,
927 E. Broadway, Louisville, Ky.

~, WRITE FOR BIG ILLUS. FREE BOOKLET
A showing our beds and farm and learn how to grow
mushrooms at home in cellars, sheds. stables, boxes,
) outdoors. etc. 300 per cent. profit, markets waiting.
We were first. 25 years’ experience. make and sell
Ti best fresh spawn, and teach you our methods free.
ess)! National Spawn & Mushroom Co.
3) Dept. Y. Hyde Park, Mass,

Attachment with Corn Harvester cuts and
throws in piles on harvester or winrows.
Man and horse cuts and shocks equal
with a Corn Binder. Sold in every cae

Cc

Price $20 with Binder Attachment. b (Ss
MONTGOMERY, of Texaline, Tex., writes: — ‘“The harvester
has proven ail you claim for it. With the assistance of one man cut
and bound over 100 acres of Corn, Kaffir Corn and Maize last year.’
Testimonials and catalog free, showing pictures of harvester.

NEW PROCESS MFG. CO., SALINA, KAN.

Kd

USE

“ECONOMY” GAS

For Cooking, Water Heating, and Laundry

Work. Also for Lighting
“It makes the house a home’’
Send stamp today for ‘“Economy Way”

Economy Gas Machine Co., Rochester, N. Y.

“Economy” Gas is automatic, Sanitary and Not Poisonous
4

Peaches

Are Ripe

In May If You
Have One of

Our Greenhouses
EACHES with skins thin as paper—Peaches

meaty, juicy and luscious. Just that kind
of peaches. And best of all, every peach will
have that same lusciousness. It’s an utter impossi-
bility to grow such peaches outdcors— peaches
that you can absolutely depend on being uni-
formly fine, every season, every year, year after
year. ‘

Just why greenhouse grown fruit Youcan doit in a house like the
is superior to any other fruit, is one above, and have a number of
simple enough when you come to trees of a dozen different kinds, if
think of it, asthe greenhouse makes _ you wish.
possible ideal growing conditions,
which are under perfect control at
all times. Heat,ventilation, moisture
and feeding can be carried on ex-
actly the same, year in and year out.

None of the strength of the trees Have us build your house now
goes to withstanding the weather— (one of those splendid iron frame
none of the deliciousness of the structures that will last a lifetime).
fruit is sacrificed because the season By building it now, you can get a
istoo dry, too wet, or too anything. crop of vegetables or flowers this
Fruit growingwith one of ourgreen- fall and early winter, and follow
houses is not expensive —in fact, it them by starting up your orchard
is decidedly inexpensive. the middle of January.

A regular orchard of nectarines,
apples, pears, plums, cherries; yes
and grapes, too — grapes in pots,
with bunches weighing pounds.

Our new catalog tells all the particulars. It has seven pages devoted entirely to
growing fruit under glass. Send for it. Or better yet, send for us.

Lord and Burnham Company

G « Irvington, N Yi
Factories: Burger. Ney York

NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA
St. James Bldg. Tremont Bldg, Franklin Bank Bldg. Ronee.

$10
to

$100 =

HIS MASTERS VOICE

Victo

also send information about Guns and Rifles.
J. Stevens Arms & Tool Co., Dept. 282, Chieopee Falls, Mass.

DO Wsxr TO BE A BETTER SHOT?
Write us and we will give you some good pointers. We will

Sold by Seedsmen and Merchants

“Hammond’s Cattle Comfort’

Trade Mark

Keeps Cows, Horses or Mules free from Flies,
Gnats and other pests. It is cheap and effective. For
pamphlet on “Bugs and Blights” write to

HAMMOND’S SLUG SHOT, Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. ¥.

as Cattle Comfort”

9 The Keaders’ Service will give you
34 suggestions jor the care of live-stock

| err BULBS DIRECT
* BY PARCEL POST

from the

HOLLAND GROWER

By reason of the postal laws in existence be-
tween the United States and Europe we are now
in a position to offeryou our entire line of bulbs.

Buy your bulbs from the land of bulbs and
be sure of the quality of your stock.

Our collections are acknowledged to be
among the very finest in the world, having won
first prizes at Berlin and London. Our bulbs
are celebrated because they grow uniformly
and bloom simultaneously and are unexcelled
for richness of quality.

Hyacinths, Tulips, single and double,
cissus, Crocus, Iris, Daffodil, etc.

Any quantity at the hundred rate. Orders
of $4.00 and above carriage free, with no
extra charge for packing. With every order we
send instructions for planting and cultivation.

We wish that you would favor us with a
trial order, in order that we might have an
opportunity of proving to you tne real ad-
vantage of ordering your bulbs direct from
| the grower in Holland.

Send for our free illustrated catalogue

F. HEKKER & CO.

Overveen bei Haarlem, HOLLAND

Nar-

Early Double Tulips —'4 Natural Size

The Modern Water Supply.

E Did you ever look down under a windmill and see a box which houses the little engine that works (if it’s the right
kind of an engine) when the wind refuses to blow? If the owner of a windmill must have water at certain times he must
also have that little engine to pump it on calm days; And they are frequent; but why have both?

The **Reeco”’ Rider & **Reeco”’
Ericsson Hot Air Pump

relieves you of all thought of the weather. No windmill or other doubt-
fulapparatus. A few sticks of wood or a little coal for a fire and your
water tank is full. No noise, no trouble, absolutely safe, economical.
It is so simple it seems almost impossible — but it is always sure.

Write for Catalogue U, to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.

New York. Boston. Philadelphia. Montreal, P.Q. Sydney, Australia.
Also Makers of the “Reeco” Electric Pumps.

YOU Avoid tree fakers and tree butchers. _ Our free booklets
explain tree surgery, the science founded by John Davey.

TREES Write for them. THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO., Inc.,
158 Oak Street, Kent. Ohio

They are too precious to lose.

Get expert tree surgeons
to examine them and advise you as to what they need.

Horsford’s Hardy Plants

Autumn Planting begins in August. Paeonias give best
results when set from the middle of August to the middle
of Septenber. Many of the early flowering plants may be
set before September. My Autumn supplement siould inter-
est all who haveroom to plantliberally. It will offer the best
home-grown Lilies, Trilliiims, Dog-Tooth Violets, Tulips, Daf-
fodils, Crocuses, etc., which can be set long before the Holland-
grown bulbs arrive. Ask for it and Spring catalogue before
placing your order.

F. H. HORSFORD

Gold Medal Paeonies

Charlotte, Vermont.

On June toth the Mass. Hortl. Soc. awarded
me a gold medal for excellence of flowers and
correct nomenclature in present and past

HARDY PHLOX

Are unsurpassed in the garden. Over 250
varieties, everything that is best in the market.
The largest collection in the world, also Iris,

Delphinium and Hibiscus. Send for list.
W. F. SCHMEISKE, Binghamton, N. Y.

exhibitions. No one can get a higher award.
All the choice varieties in the world, and
correctly named. List free.

E. J. SHAYLOR
WELLESLEY FARMS

MASS.

AS THE PLACE “RUNS DOWN”

NoreGwyas £
“TEE Y THE COSTS RUN UP.

| “THE WOOD ETERNAL”
(“Cypress Lasts Forever”)

(4A FOKE TO EVERYBODY BUT THE OWNER)

“STOP DEPRECIATION BEFORE IT BEGINS
BUILD WITH CYPRESS AT FIRST!”

INSIST on ‘“‘THE WOOD ETERNAL” (AND NO SUBSTITUTES! )
GET IT OF YOUR NEAREST LUMBER DEALER.

Write our “‘All-round Helps Dept.”’ for list of volumes in the famous
“Cypress Pocket Library,’” covering 32 uses of WOOD. Sent free by

SOUTHERN CYPRESS MFRS. ASSOCIATION
1209 Hibernia Bank Building, NEW ORLEANS, LA.

THE: GARDEN : MAGAZINE

AuveéustT,.1911.

the surface of the bulb at the surface of the
soil. If the top of the bulb is put too deep
the leaves and flower stems will rot off. If
the bulbs project above ground for any dis-
tance, the skin of the bulb will become hard
and will not expand readily as the plant grows,
stunting it.

The plants must be kept free from insects.
Aphids are the most troublesome and they can
usually be kept in check by simply putting to-
bacco stems around the pots.

During the summer the plants will succeed
much better if they are put outdoors where they
will be shaded during the heat of the day from the
sun’s rays. If there is no natural shade, make a
frame covered with cheese cloth to put over them
from nine o’clock to four o’clock on sunny days.
An even moisture in the soil can be more easily
maintained while the plants are outdoors by
plunging the pots one half or two thirds their
depth in moss or coal ashes.

Put the plants back in the house in the early
fall, just as soon as the nights begin to get cool.
This is the most troublesome time with aphids, -
but the tobacco stems will hold them in check
without endangering the foliage. Tobacco smoke,

unless very carefully used, will do harm.
The plants will commence to flower in Decem-
ber, and sometimes earlier.

In color, they vary

A cyclamen plant, with fifty-eight blossoms grown
as a house plant

from white to deep red, and they are most curious,
for the petals turn sharply backward, all seeming
to stand on edge. In shape they resemble very
closely the shooting star (Dodecatheon) which
grows wild. :

The leaves are heart-shaped, dark green on the
upper side and prettily marked with gray streaks;
the under sides of the leaves are red.

Most growers do not care to keep the bulbs
over after they have once flowered, but bigger
bulbs and more flowers per plant can be had
from old bulbs than from new ones. There are
several ways to keep the bulbs over. Some
gardeners allow the bulbs to dry off in April.
The soil is not allowed to become bone dry but it
is far from being wet. Set the bulbs of the
plants in out-of-the-way corners in the green-
house, give an occasional “swish” of water for
three months, and then start them into growth.
One gardener who is equally successful, keeps his
bulbs growing all the time, but is careful to
keep all dead leaves picked off. If the bulbs are
dried off, do not allow them to become too
dry, or they will not do well afterward. One
summer the man who did the watering did not
follow my directions, and the bulbs became so
dry before I discovered his carelessness that they
never recovered. A

Bulbs that have been carried over should be
started into growth in August. Knock the bulbs
out of the pots, shake out the soil and repot the
plant in new soil.

Pennsylvania. PARKER T. BARNES.

August, 1911

To Private Conservatory Owners

Now ts the time to plant your carnations in
greenhouses for winter blooming, if you want
good big blooms and early, you should bench

i at once, with strong field grown plants. We offer
fine stock grown in new sod land, free of all
disease; splendid bushy plants that will establish

quickly; we pack in light crates and guarantee safe }

arrival. We offer the cream of the Standards
and New Introductions.

NEW INTRODUCTIONS
$2.00 dozen, $15.00 per 100

ALMA WARD, queen of big whites
MRS. C. W. WARD, finest cerise
DOROTHY GORDON, splendid rose pink
WHITE WONDER, grand n-w white
PINK DELIGHT, light flesh pink
GLORIOSA, pale pink

STANDARDS
All $1.25 per dozen, $10.00 per 100

ENCHANTRESS, light pink
ROSE PINK ENCHANTRESS, deep pink
BEACON, scarlet
WHITE PERFECTION, white

I. M. RAYNER
Greenport, N. Y.

PLUMBER’S BILLS PLUMBO

SAVE Complete Household Outfit
$1.00

100 REPAIRS AND WASHERS
PLUMBING REPAIR MFG. CO Postpaid
25 West Lake St., Chicago, Ill.

Planet Jr Potato Diggers

save time, labor, money—and last a life-time
Write to-day for 1911 catalogue free.
S.L. Allen & A) Box 1108S, Philadelphia, Pa.

All kinds of spraying outfits for all
\ eas Knapsack, 4 Row
\ ee Pressure Potato Sprayers,
complete Gas Engine Orchard rigs,
ete. Send for catalog, FREE.
AY: FORCE PUMP COMPANY
48 Eleventh Street Elmira, N. Y.

The Farmers’ Easy Record
A new, complete, simple and practical record of all transactions on the
farm. Designed by an expert. Thousands in use. Easy to keep. Will last
8 years. Every progressive farmer should have it. Agents Wanted.
Send for free specimen pages and Special Offer.

CENTURY SUPPLY CO.. 62State St., Rochester, N.Y.

Box 148

| PA CTERRS |
CERES

! ‘The Gattoway Cottection |
f bas been greatly increased for |
i the seasonof 191l- Send for §
‘| ee staloaue showing new fi
alas qns executed ip strong.dur]

bic TERRACOTTA. h
|Gattoway Terra@TraGh
; B21 Warntur Sz = PHILADELPHIA

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

~MgINe Wiauc.e —

itive of their superiority.

25-H. P.;

grinding outfits, etc.

Chicago (Incorporated)

The Record of I H C engines on thousands of farms is proof pos-
Their advantages in simplicity, strength,
economy, efficiency, and durability are well known.

IHC Gasoline Engines

are built right — of the best materials obtainable — by skilled
workmen, in the finest equipped engine factories in America.
When you buy an IH C you know it must be right in
order to maintain the I H C reputation for highest quality.
In the I H C line there is an engine that meets your
special needs. They are made in the following styles and sizes.
Vertical type — 2, 3, 25, and 35-H. P.; horizontal — 1 to
semi-portable — 1 to 8-H. P.; portable — 1 to 25-H.
P.; traction —12 to45-H. P.; sawing, pumping, spraying, and
Built to operate on gas, gasoline, kero-
sene, distillate, or alcohol — air-cooled or water-cooled.
the I H C local dealer, or write us today for our new catalogue.
International Harvester Company of America

USA
71 HARVESTER BUILDING

For imjormation about popular resorts rn
write to the Readers’ Service BS

IHC Service Bureau

The bureau is a
center where the
best ways of doing
things onthe farm,
and data relating
to its development
are collected and
distributed free to
everyone interest-
ed in agriculture.
Every available
source of informa- }
tion will be used in
answering ques-
tions on all farm
subjects. Ques-
tions sent to the
IHC Service Bu-
reau will receive
prompt attention.

See

CULTURE is the only way to make big
money on little capital. One acre is worth
$25,000., and yields more revenue than a
zoo-acre farm; with much fess work and

worry. Let me show you how to increase
your annual income $500. to $5000. WRIt E NOW.
YT. H. SUT LON. 1100 Sherwood Ave., Louisville, Ky.

Largest Stock of
Hardy Plants in America

Catalogue on Application

and most
complete

ELLIOTT NURSERY CO., PITTSBURG, Pa.

For the benefit of people who cannot
visit my gardens, and wish to order from
sample flowers, I will send by express

50 blossoms, cut with short stems, as for
exhibition; all labelled, for $1 — to eae for labelling and packing.
Box C

Geo. L. Stillman, Dahlia Specialist, Westerly, R. I.,

ILLETT’S
Hardy Ferns and Flowers
For Dark. Shady Places

Send for my descriptive catalogue
of over 50 pages, which tells about
thisclassof plants, it’s free.
EuWARD GILLETT, Box C, Southwick, Mass.

BEAUTIFUL reproductions of famous
models from the gardens of Italy.
WE have no competition in the quality
of our work in composition stone.
BN VISIT to our studio will prove well worth
your time.
OUR catalogue L containing more than 800 illus-
trations of Benches, Sundials, Statuary,
Pedestals, Mantels, Vases and Fountains mailed
on request.

THE ERKINS STUDIOS

223 Lexington Ave. New York

Garden Furniture

in Marble, Stone
and Pompeian Stone

IANS ANT 2) ie

Astoria, L. I.

Factories UGararen, Italy.

36 1h intaneie, THE GARDEN MAGAZINE A viene oon

2 ree #3 £4 a: conan, 4

The Advantages of

Cabot’s Shingle Stains

. Soft, rich and artistic coloring effects.
Cost less than half as much as paint.
Can be quickly and easily applied by anyone, at half the

cost of painting.
Made of Creosote, which thoroughly preserves the wood.
Guaranteed fast colors.
Suitable and appropriate for the smallest bungalow or the
finest residence.

You can get Cabot’s Stains all over the Country. Send for
; samples of stained wood and name of nearest agent.
pte

aaa Samuel Cabot, Inc., Mfg. Chemist, 1 Oliver St., Boston, Mass.

Stained with Cabot’sShingleStains. Davis, McGrath & Shepard Arch’ts, N. Y.

oa Grow Mushrooms | Thorburn’s Lawn Grass Seeds

For Big and Quick Profits 59 : é ¢
I can give practical instructionsworth many | Containing a mixture of the finest grasses; quarts, 25c;
doles to yet ne patter What YOUE Coches 2 qts., 45c; 4 qts., 80c. Sent prepaid by mail to any
cated, getat nowl- . . :
edeaotthic waving business. Particulars free. | address inthe United States. Write for Catalogue ‘‘G.’’
JACKSON MUSHROOM FARM | J. M. Thorburn & Co., 33 Barclay St., New York
6208 N. Western Ave. Chicago

Have You Decided Upon a School?

@ If not, the World’s Work Handbook of Schools may
be of assistance to you in making a final choice. Several
articles by leading educators will offer you helpful suggestions
about the type of school that should best fit your needs.

q In addition, the handbook contains a classified directory

of a large number of private schools of undoubted standing
and excellence, with concise and definite information about
the advantages of each.

The book is yours for the asking. Address
Manager School Department
The World’s Work

Garden City New York

Some Irises for California
Gardens

AS ANY real specialist will want his particular

flower in whatever part of the world he
may be, it was early a matter of interest to me
how California was adapted to growing iris, my
particular enthusiasm. I now feel justified in
saying that it is surely the “promised land,” for
not only is the season longer, the growth more
vigorous and the bloom more profuse, but we
can grow more species outdoors than any other
part of America.

With the awakening rains of November Iris
stylosa begins its season which extends throughout
the rains. The I. reticulata varieties quickly
follow, and from January to March the cushion
or oncocyclus iris are in bloom. All through
February and March the dwarf bearded varieties
keep up a procession which is continued through
April into May by their tall bearded relatives;
and contemporaneously with these flower the gay
Spanish iris and such kinds as J. Sibirica and
ochroleuca. Late May brings in the English, and
the big Japanese flowers closely follow them and
extend the season into early July. In addition,
from Central California north there are several
wild species well worthy of garden space, Iris
Douglastana in shades of lilac and rosy purple
with a buff variety, and Iris longipetala in blue
and white, forming fine clumps under cultivation
if they be taken after the first fall rains and given
as nearly as possible their natural conditions of
soil and moisture.

Oncocyclus. The best known and easiest to
grow of this type is the huge gray “mourning iris”
I. Susiana. Some others cheap and worthy of trial
are Mariae, Bismarckiana and Iberica. Like all
winter-flowering iris they prefer a southern
exposure, and means should be at hand to protect
flowers open during heavy rains. Soil must be
well drained, with preference for that of a
gritty nature. As lime seems particularly pleas-
ing to them it may be supplied in that always
available and easily handled form, bonemeal.
Plant the roots shallowly as soon as procurable
after September and induce a strong fall growth
by watering. During the dormant season when
they die down keep them quite dry, a simple matter
in our dry summer. Never move them while
they continue to do well.

Bearded iris (Pogoniris). These rhizomatous
iris with their dwarf, intermediate and tall varieties
will alone give a season of over three months, and
that for the minimum of care and under the hardest
conditions. -Doing well in many kinds of soil
from heavy adobes to light sandy loams, they ask
only some drainage in winter and freedom from
weeds to give their lovely flowers. Then, too,
even when over, their broad, green, persistent
leaves look neat and clean. Plant shallow, just
covering the thick root stock, any time from
August to November, the earlier the better for
the first season’s flowers. Manure is unnecessary,
but if used should be below, not in contact with
the rhizome. Partial shade lengthens the life
of the flowers. Give room to spread and leave
alone until crowded, as they bloom more freely
when established. The early dwarf varieties,
variously called Crimean, pumila and alpine
hybirds, give flowers on stems four to ten inches

| high and in their shades of purple, pale and dark

blue, cream and yellows give pretty patches of
color, for they are wonderfully floriferous. Nomen-
clature is very confused so I give no names but
suggest that fancy varieties be omitted. Good
for edges and front rows of taller iris.

The tall bearded iris, near relatives of the
common purple flag from which they take their

} common name of German iris, give a wonderful

range of color with considerable difference of
height and size of flowers. A good catalogue will
suggest many kinds from which one might select

| as distinct: purple —atropurpurea, Asiatica,

Cypriana superba; blue—pallida Dalmatica
(pale), Mandralisacea (darker), Ciengelti; white—
alba, Florentina, Mrs. H. Darwin; white edged
blue— Madame Chereau; white with blue or
purple falls— Victorine, Virginie; cream—
flavescens; yellow— aurea; yellow with lilac,

| purple or brown falls — Darius, Gracchus, Hector,

If you wish information about dogs
apply to the Readers’ Service 37

Aveust, 1911 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

ON Baie

REMEMBER

Three things you must do during AUGUST if
NEW EDITIONS OF you wish a Glorious Garden next spring and summer.

2 hd 1. You must plant the exquisite, pure white MADONNA LILY before the
A Girl of the Limberlost bulbs shrivel. This Lily makes a fine growth in fall, but frost will not hurt

AND the foliage. We offer:
Freckles

Large bulbs
Extra size bulbs
Uniformly bound and illustrated in color.

Monsters. ‘These will have from 15 to 20 flowers to stalk . 15.0
You must sow PANSYSEED in August to insure a piace ond ey at color for
your next spring Gardenbeds.

Our “Royal Mixture”

contains the cream of the French, English and German Specialists.
seeds, 25 cts.; small packet, 10 cts.

Where Pansyseed is desired in separate colors, we can furnish the seed in pure white, golden
yellow, deep black, light blue, red and rose shades, bronze, maroon, lilac, rich purple, striped,
five spotted, blue with white border.

Per pkt., to cts.; the 12 pkts., $1.00; smaller packets half price.
A oz. for $x .00 which will give you fully 20 large packets.

. You must plant FREESIAS in August if you desire them in bloom for Christmas.
We offer this deliciously fragrant flower bulb in =A ae)

Large bulbs $1.25
Mammoth bulbs 5 2.50

NOVELTY PINK BEAUTY FREESIA. In all respects like the White but of a de-
licious shade of rich rose pink. Grow the white and rose in one pot. The result is charming.
Fine flowering bulbs pink Freesia, 4, 10 cents; 12, 25 cents; 100, $2.50; 1000, $15.00.

All Prices Given for Bulbs and Seeds Include Delivery by Mail or Express

Japan Bamboo Stakes

Each vol- 2.

ume, Fixed price, $1.20 (postage | 2c.)

At the Foot of the Rainbow

Color Illustrations, $1.50
Three idyllic Nature stories by

Per packet of about 300

Club together and buy

Gene
Stratton-Porter

that have sold steadily by tens of
thousands. Their appeal is straight and
fine > the setting 1s the outdoors ; and Strong, durable, do not decay like the Southern cane or wooden stakes.
characters of the type of Freckles and Suitable for Roses, Gladioli, Lilies, Chrysanthemums, Pot and Herbaceous Plants, etc.
Elnora are held as standards of pure- dee Bee ee zai
minded, lovable boyhood and girl- Green colored, 2 ft $1.75 $3.25 $ 6.00

é " Green colored, 3 ft 3 3.00 5-50 10.00
hood in thousands of American homes. Natural colors, 6 ft ; Dean REG Gis

z Hoe DANE Polebeans, Tomatoes, Big Shrubs, Young Trees and anywhere Strong Support
is neede
We Offer Extra Strong Bamboo

6 ft. long, 34—1 inch diameter
8 ft. long, 34—1 inch diameter
Special Notice —Our new Fall, torz, Bulb Catalogue, the 34th yearly Fall Catalogue

issued by us, will be ready end of July. Send for it. There will be much to interest you. It
is Free. Address

H. H. BERGER & CO., 70 Warren St., New York

1000
$ 8.00
15.00

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK

Coming Aug. 17th “The Harvester ’

EVERYTHING for the HOME GROUNDS

Make the Farm Pay FLORICULTURE

Complete Home Study Courses in Agriculture,
Worticultuve, Floriculture, Landscape Gardening, For-
estry, Poultry Culture, and Veterinary Science under
Prof. Brooks of the Mass. Agricultural College, Prof.
Craig of Cornell University and other eminent
teachers. Over one hundred Home Study
Courses under able professors in leading colleges.

250 page catalog free. Write to-day.

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. A., Springfield, Mass.

Prof. Brooks

q@ Every living thing has its enemy.
This fact is brought home to those
of us who watch our own gardens.
Hardly a plant sends out a green shoot
but some insect comes along to destroy it.
@ Aphine destroys these insects, and pro-
tects plants. @ Aphineisa concentrated
liquid spray which dilutes readily with
water and is easily applied. @ Aphine is
endorsed by gardeners, nurserymen and
country home ownersall over the country.

FOR SALE BY SEEDSMEN

$2.50 per gallon. $1.00 per quart.

65c. per pint. 40c. per half pint.

APHINE MANUFACTURING COMPANY
MADISON, NEW JERSEY

Ornamental, deciduous, Shade and weeping trees, Flowering shrubs,
Barberry, Privet, Evergreens, Conifers, Hardy trailing vines, Climbers,
Fruit trees, Berry bushes, Hardy garden plants, etc.

The finest selection for lawn and garden planting in
America. More than 600 acres of choicest nursery produce.
We will make a planting plan of your place, selecting trees, shrubs, etc.,
suitable to soil and situation, and give you the exact cost of planting and
proper time toplant. Sed for Catalog A.

The Stephen Hoyt’s Sons Company
Established 1848 New Canaan, Conn. Incorporated 1903

Little Vignettes

Complete Home Study Course in practical Floricul- /@¥
ture under Prof. Craig and Prof. Beal, of Cornell /74
University.

Course includes Greenhouse Construction and }i@
Management and the growing of Small Fruits and \iiem
Vegetables, as well as Flowers Under Glass,

PRCASUZLY Instruction. Expert Advice.
250 Page Catalogue Free. Write to-day.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. F., Springfield, Mass.

Prof. Craig

of Country Life

Adventures in Contentment
and

Adventures in Friendship

By DAVID

@ Two volumes of heart’s-ease for city-tired folks.

GRAYSON

Beautiful frontispieces in colors

by Thomas F. Fogarty, and many drawings in black and white.

The Outlook Says:

“« «Adventures in Friendship’ is to be recommended to all those who imagine that the business of
life is to make money; who are absorbed in dealing with things and have missed the way of peace and
joy; and whorush when they ought to loiter: altogether a delightful book.”’

Both volumes uniformly bound and boxed.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE &

@ Visit our Bookshop in the New Pennsylvania Station.

Each, Fixed Price, $1.35. (Postage 1 2c.)

CO., Garden City, N. Y.

ae The Readers’ Service will give : set ee ;
38 momma Ghent cnitbsan vale THE:GARDEN: MAGAZINE AuGcustT, 1911-

PEARLINE

PUFFED

| |’ FLUFFED
YING] FLAKED

WATERED

PEARLINE

-Dry-Concen trated Soap

Powder. Use one Half (or

ae. ! | less) as much as of

Makes Dirt ee other J Powders
“Step Lively”

: Chemical Analysis iw
EARLINE e ae Soft oe BESTEST
; IS _ In practical use th UNI

Peterson’s Perfect Peonies

possess a charm—prove a delight to the flower lover
that is difficult for him or her still “outside the pale”
to appreciate—to understand.

They’re the result of eighteen years of enthusiastic
—yes loving interest and devotion to the greatest out-
door flower of our time.

“Che Flower Beautiful’

for 1911 (ready August roth) tells you in detail all you’d like to
know of the Peony. And then too it’s The Book Beautiful of the
season. Wantacopy? It’s sent on request.

GEORGE H. PETERSON

resided Rose and Peony Specialist Box 50, Fair Lawn, N. J.

REWARDS AND FAIRIES

“In this book Rudyard Kipling has done some of his best work,
and he is head of them all when he does that.”—N. Y. Globe.

The stories shimmer in that wondrous halfway place
between reality and dream. Philadelphia and several
American heroes appear in these charming tales.

The volume also contains the remarkable poem “‘If—.”

| 0 Also in the Pocket Edition,
$ 5) ° Net, $1.50 (postage 8c.)

RUDYARD KIPLING

Four illustrations by Frank Craig.

COLLECTED VERSE. By Rudyard Kipling. Illustrated Edition. Beautifully
Illustrated by W. Heath Robinson. Cloth, net, $3.50 (postage BDC) s Leather, net, $10.00
(postage 50c); Limited edition of 125 autographed and numbered copies on large paper, net,

$20.00 (postage 50c).

Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, New York
Ce ——————————————————

Maori King. For fun plant a collection, for garden
effect strong clumps of clear colors.
Spanish iris (I. Xiphium) give the biggest show

| for the least money in the shortest time. These

are true bulbs about the size of a thimble and
should be planted in October or November three
or four inches deep and at least six inches apart
in raised beds of well dug soil, either adobe or
sandy. Water should not be allowed to lie on
them or they will suffer. The sparse foliage is
made in autumn, the butterfly-like flowers in their
bright clear colors appear in April and May and,
as each stem has two flowers, they last about three
weeks. Bulbs may either be lifted after the foliage
has died down and replanted in autumn or left
in the same place for another year. After that
time I find they become too crowded to be either
strong or effective. No watering is required after
flowering. Named varieties sell at about one
dollar a hundred and weigh about one hundred to

The gray ‘‘mourning’’ iris (J. Susiana) is easy to
grow and makes a fine display

the pound. Good ones to select from are: white —
King of the Whites or British Queen; cream —
La Tendresse or Princess Ida; yellow — Chry-
solora (pale), Cajanus (tall and darker), Golden
King or Leander (orange); bronze and purple
— Thunderbolt; blue— King of the Blues or

| Blue Beauty; pale blue and white — Donna

Maria or Raphael. All have a yellow blotch or
signal on each fall. Massed planting, with enough
of each variety to give a strong note of color, is
most effective in the garden. ¥

English iris (I. Xiphioides) are neither as cheap,
as effective, as robust nor as long-lived as the
Spanish, but they come later and are larger and
broader in the falls. Culture as for Spanish
except that they require more watering in late
spting. Choose clear self colors, for the flaked —
ones look spotty.

Japanese iris (I. Kempferi). This glorious
section, owing to its preference for dryness in
winter and moisture in summer, cannot be said
to be especially adapted to Californian conditions,
yet I have found that if planted about eighteen
inches apart during early fall in a rather rich and
heavy soil and mulched with six inches of manure
put in about March, they retain the moisture a
long while and only a soaking every couple of weeks
is required to give grand results. Water occa-
sionally even after they have bloomed and so keep
their narrow sword-like foliage green and ensure
a strong growth as well. Names are terribly
mixed so I only advise the selection of clear pure
colors and that some of the so-called single or three
petalled flowers be included for the beauty of their
shape.

Siberian tris thrive under exactly the same
conditions as the Japanese so it is worth while
trying a few of these —say Sibirica, Orientalis.
(dark blue) and Snow Queen. In foliage and
general make up they rather resemble a small
single Japanese iris but bloom a month sooner.

California. SypNEy B. MITCHELL.

AuGustT, 1911

af “Dog Days”
You can’t expect |
your dog to be gentle \
and kind in hot weath-
er if you feed him on
kitchen scraps. If he is
©, “touchy” it is your fault.
Po Bad digestion is sure to
'{ mean bad temper. Give him

fe

’ Austin’s Dog Bread

and he will be harmless, as he is thoroughly healthy,
Austin’s Dog Bread is made with the greatest care
of just the things adog necds, Not an ounce of by-
Products or waste materials used in its preparation,

Send for Free Sample
Simply write your name and address on a postal and
state whether you want to try Austin’s Dog Bread or
Puppy Bread (for small dogs and Puppies under six
months old), and we will send you a sample by
return mail. You can get it at your dealer’s. He
has itorcan getit for you. Please send us his name.
AUSTIN DOG BREAD & ANIMAL FOOD Co,

203 Marginal Street, Chelsea, Mass.

‘age

Look for AUSTIN
on Every, Cake

THE

BESTFoop

FOR
Docs.

Keep Your
Pare Milk Pure!

This pail keeps out the>
dirt, hair and filth that
get inat milking time.
Strong, patterned right,
easy to wash. We proveit.

TERILAC

SANITARY MILK PAIL

ON WOOD

FREE BOOK ON WOOD

Valuable book of instructions for painters and decorators with samples of
Johnson’s Wood Dye, etc. Free at your dealer's or write us for booklet
G. M. 8. S. C. JOHNSON & SON, Racine, Wis.

There’s Money in P oultry

Our Home Study Course in Practical Poultry
Culture under Prof. Chas. K. Graham, late of the

Connecticut Agricultural College, teaches how to
make poultry pay.

Personal tnstruction. Expert Advice.
250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL

Dept. ©. P., Springfield, Mass.

Prof. Graham,

The Dog Book JAMES SWhnoR

Covers every phase of the subject with full

accounts of every prominent breed, 128 full-page

Pictures, complete in one volume.
Net, $5.00 (postage 35c.)
| Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y.

PEGA DEN VWAGAZIN E

Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory

Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, Tue Garpen Macazine, 11-13 W.

The Readers’ Service will give you
information about motor boats

39

Everyone knows the

Information about the selection or care of dogs,
poultry and live stock will be gladly given.
32d Street, New York.

CANDEE

Incu-Brooder Saves Time and Labor

profits possible in poultry, if they could
handle eggs, chicks and broilers on a large scale.

The Candee Hot Water Sectional
Machine Solves this Problem

Candee Incubator & Brooder Co., Dept. 15, Dewitt, N. Y.

Machines shipped in sections, knocked
down, allowing the user to install them
on rented property as they can be eas-
ily moved about.

Machines furnished for any capacity
desired. Each contains the exclusive
Candee Features.

Free Catalogue of Hot Water Incubators

and Brooding Systems, Results, Well
Known Users, etc., etc.

e e
Baby Chicks of Quality
Sent by Express Direct to You
Why bother with eges? TI can supply you with healthy
young chicks at once and guarantee them to reach you in good

condition. Fishel Strain White Plymouth Rocks, S. C. R. I.
Reds, and other breeds. Prices reasonable. Chick catalogue free.

R. C. Caldwell, Box 1 025, Lyndon, Ross Co., Ohio

Maplecroft Rhode Island Reds

win at all the leading shows. “Tt pays to buy
the best.” Stock and Eggs for sale in large
quantities. Send for Circular and Mating List
of S. C. Reds. J. G. Dutcher, Prop. Address
Maplecroft Farms, Pawling, New York

Handsome Cats and Kit-
tens for sale as pets or
breeders. Short Haired
and fancy varieties. Cats,
Dogs and Birds boarded
Summer and winter. Also
a Model Poultry Depart-
\ ment. Write for circular to

i The Black
Short Haired Cattery
Oradell. N. J.

SOLVE THE CHICKEN LICE PROBLEM

Avenarius Carbolineum not only kills all the lice but prevents
their reappearance’ for years. It is the best germicide you can
get and preserves the,wood it is usedon as well. Order to-day.

Carbolineum Wood Preserving Co., 191 Franklin St., New York City
PLYMOUTH

LATHAM’S
ROCKS

THE MOST RELIABLE STRAIN
as PRODUCERS of Fine Birds.
The best layers — fine table qual-
ities — leaders in the show room.

STOCK and EGGS for sale.

: fe 7 Spring Circular mailed on application

Pee Prz. Pullet Winner of Sweep-
C. H. LATHAM

stakes Champ. and Color Spec-
Lancaster, Mass.

BARRED

ial Przs. at Madison Sq. Garden
Show Dec., ror0. Bred, raised Box G
and exhibited by C.H. Latham.

iLarge Berkshires
at Highwood

Regular Summer offering of brood
Ows, either open or safe with Pig.
Price $35.00 each and higher.

Young pigs in pairs and trios, mated
not akin. We have over 500 registered
Berkshires in our herd. As large. if not
the largest herd of these animals in
the United States.

H.C.&H.B Harpending, Dundee, N.Y.

“Gawtil——-- POTTER POULTRY PRODUCTS

Profit makers for poultry keepers

Sanitary brood coop for hen and
chicks. 2 feet Square with 3
foot covered wire runway; made
of red cypress; painted two coats.
A fine setting and brood coop at
low cost. Order 6 and save
freight.

of Potter goods.

use Potter

coops, fireless brooders,

Cheaper, Better Made, Complete
and Up-to-date — that’s the record

your poultry business.

Satisfaction Guaranteed when you
portable poultry houses (4
styles, all sizes) roosting and nesting outfits (3 styles, 12 sizes)
feeds and supplies of all Kinds.
illustrations) describe our high grade factory-made goods.

Potter Poultry Products are for Particular Poultry People.

POTTER & COMPANY, Box 22, D

Sanitary colony roosting coop
or 5c growing chicks, 3 x 6 feet,
3 feet high: vermin proof. Fresh
air front. Complete with 2
perches and floor. Made of red
cypress. Worth $x more. Try
6 and be satisfied.

You need them in

hoppers, brood coops, colony

Our 2 catalogs (130 pages, over 150
Mailed for 2 red stamps to cover postage.
Are you—? Write to-day.

owners Grove, Illinois

40 ae ee Ca THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Noemon, 1007

PEONIES

WO hundred thousand roots in three
hundred of the finest varieties guar-
anteed true to name.

We offer one and two year old stock;
also extra large four year clumps for Fall
planting.

Send for Catalogue and Order Early

COTTAGE GARDENS C0O., Inc.
NURSERIES

QUEENS NEW YORK

66 99 The Great .
Magical Fertilizer
Have you tried it? If not, doso at once
and you will be astounded at the results
obtained. For vegetables and flowers of
every variety, it is not only an absolute
OVERY)\| ecessity but a veritable luxury, as it wi
THE SR IN TIMES. infuse new life into the plant, greatly en-
PLANT lj hancing the beauty of the flower. Used

$35.00

Invested

will save 6,000 to 10,000

hard, wearisome trips each

|] year. 61 miles, 5 weeks
time, 7 ton burden.
We will ship the

Imperial Kitchen
Elevator
on 30 days’ trial. If you
are not satisfied that it will
save you more Time, more
Hard Labor and Money for ice bills than any
other furnishing, ship the Elevator back at our
expense.
Our Free Catalogue tells about a combination
Cupboard and Refrigerator.

and highly endorsed by the greatest
authorities of the country, among them
Luther Burbank. Test it yourself and
you will never be without it. Order from
your seed houses or direct. Descriptive
circular on application, Put up in dry
form in all size packages as follows:—
x lb. making 28 gallons, postpaid, $ .65
Bibs 2 Grey 2.50
anid tolbs. ‘* 280 ‘* 4.75
BonorA CenicaL Co. solbs. ‘* x400 “ 22.50
= BONORA CHEMICAL CO.
488-490 Broadway, cor. Broome Street
YORK

The Dog Book

By JAMES WATSON

Covers every phase of the subject with full
accounts of every prominent breed. 128
full-page pictures, complete in one volume.

Net, $5.00 (postage 35c.)
Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y.

BURPEES:

ding American Seed
Catalog,’’ for 1911, address BURPEE, HORT aSIniia?

1 More Water

» raised and delivered by the

Send for Catalogue

Imperial Manufacturing Company
WILLIAMSPORT, PA.

Landscape Gardening

A course for Home-makers and
Gardeners taught by Prof. Craig
and Prof. Beal, of Cornell Uni-
versity.

Gardeners who understand up-to-
date methods and practice are in
demand for the best positions.

A knowledge of Landscape Gar-
dening is indispensable to those
who would have the pleasantest

Pror. Craic homes.
250 page catalogue free. Write today.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G, Springfield, Mass.

than by others because the
impeller is accurately ma-
chined to the casing, prevent-
ing any sudden change in di-
rection of the water. JVot ax
ounce of power is wasted.
Every ‘‘American”’ Centrifu-
gal absolutely guaranteed.

Write for new catalog 120.

THE AMERICAN WELL WORKS

Office and Works, Aurora, Ill.
First National Bank Building, Chicago

A Neglected Oppocemees

M°t of us Pennsylvania farmers raise some

oats if only for horse feed. Many of us
raise quite a quantity and have a little surplus to
sell, which usually goes to the local miller at the
catload price. No matter how low ‘that price
has held through fall and winter it is always much
higher when sowing time comes around in the
spring. There are always some neighbors who
want to change seed and in many sections there
is a demand for some good, vigorous variety of
heavy re-cleaned seed.

Here is a little opportunity that we have taken
advantage of, much to our profit, and there is
room for a lot more in the same line. At the same
time a great deal may be learned about the adap-
tability of different varieties to your soil and
climate. We try at least two and not over four
varieties a season, as that is all we can keep per-
fectly distinct without extra labor. The best
yielding variety of one season is used to plant the
main crop the succeeding year.

From a small beginning our seed oat business
has grown to about five hundred bushels a year.
Last season we tried three varieties: Big Four,
Sensation and Mammoth Cluster. Big Four
was the main crop variety, as it had done the
best the preceding year, but this time it was
surpassed by Mammoth Cluster. The yield of
the former was forty-five bushels per acre, average
of all fields, while the latter gave the fine yield
of sixty-two and one-half thresher’s measure.
Sensation was way behind with thirty-six to its
credit, and as that makes the third season it has
footed the list it will be discarded. We do not
make the mistake of considering these tests as
final proof of the superiority or inferiority of a
variety, but by discarding the two poorest and
keeping the two best in any year we are pro-
gressing in yield and weight per bushel.

The farm investigator cannot afford to do the
careful work that the experiment stations are
doing for us in variety tests. However, their
tests are often on a decidedly different soil from
that in your locality and climatic conditions are
different. In fact unless the soil is very uniform
it is not fair to make a direct comparison of the |
yields of two fields on the same farm. To make a |
variety test and sell the crop at seed prices makes |
an abundant financial return for the little extra |
time and work it entails.

For our own use we reclean seed by setting the
blast of the fanning mill at its strongest, use a |
coarse screen and blow out all but the very heaviest
seed. What blows over is just as good for feed |
and we know that every kernel of our seed is plump
and heavy. There are so many less individual |
seeds per bushel that it takes more bushels per

acre. We find that three bushels of this heavy |)
seed gives the best results. For our little extra | |

labor of harvesting separately and recleaning, we
have profited by selling 500 bushels of oats at
more than double the miller’s price, and have the
best seed that we know of for this section. But

one variety of buckwheat (Silver Hull) and scarcely |)

any wheat is grown here, so there is little induce-

ment to adopt the same plan with either. We | )

have tested many varieties of corn and saved our |
own seed but not’in marketable quantities.
It is well worth any one’s time to grow a good
variety of oats and work up a little local seed
market.
Warren County, Pa. F. E. BONSTEEL.

lant Peonies

or October

If you care for Peonies, or
more Peonies, next May and
June—the time to order is HIGH
NOW.

We grow Peonies here in the
Middle West and our nurseries
are the hub for Peony ship-
ments to all points of the com-

Misia pass.

Our Peony roots are full of real life and vigorous promise.
If you set them out in season to hibernate—you will be visited
by a wonderful wealth of blossoming plants next year; the
kind that creates delight in all who see and awakens envy in
all who do not possess.

No matter where you are, we are near, if you are temper-
mentally disposed to buy the best. Ideal climate and rich
soil make for superior vitality in Peonies, and all other plants,
and trees and shrubs grown at our nurseries. We will be at your
service the moment your request for furtherinformation arrives.

WILD BROS. NURSERY COMPANY

BOX 514 SARCOXIE, MO.

Put New “Atmosphere” in
Your Hardy Garden with
Farr’s Splendid Irises and

Oriental Poppies

The quaint, dainty Irises of Wyomissing Nur-
series, in the greatest variety imaginable, and
my great, velvety Oriental Poppies in nearly
every conceivable shade, are past their bloom-
ing stage and for a few weeks can be moved
with safety. If you plan a more magnificent
display of them next year, write me at once: I
will supply particulars, with complete lists
of varieties and descriptions, by return mail.

My plants are large, thrifty, and splen-
didly grown, and with ordinarily good
care will steadily increase in vigor and
productiveness. Such plants assure suc-
cess for many seasons to come. Hun-
dreds, yes thousands, of my ‘‘long-dis-
tance’’ acquaintances—who are not only
my customers, but my friends — say my
determination to excel in the growing of hardy garden plants
is producing such quality as they can obtain nowhere else.

I cannot begin to tell you how bewitchingly lovely my Irises
and Oriental Poppies and Peonies have been this summer;
but the camera has helped preserve the memory, and my
new Hardy Plant Book, soon to be completed, will give
you a faint idea of the glorious showing that they made.
I shall be glad to send you a copy free.

My special Catalogue of Bulbs for Fall
Planting is ready: free on request.

BERTRAND H. FARR

Wyomissing Nurseries, 643 D Penn St., Reading, Pa.

ORDER NOW

In September Dutch Bulbs and Plants

direct from Holland

The best Dutch Bulbs you can buy — solid, spotless, full of vitality, true to
name and color — are described in our new Dutch Bulb catalog.

It is a book worth-while reading — a book that tells
the difference between the big flabby bulbs which dis-
appoint, and the big solid bulbs which give largest
and best results.

It tells how to force bulbs, gives the best
varieties for every purpose,

It gives also valuable information on
the newest European introductions in
tulips, hyacinths, narcissi and the best
Dutch roots and plants for use out-
door or for forcing purposes.

Write for it today.

= The Pride of
Haarlem Tu-
lip has beau-
tiful carminy rose blooms
this size.

Impelled by the increasing orecicanterene for the choicest bulbs
the largest growers of Bulbs and Plants in Holland

will hereafter sell direct to the consumer from ther American Branch House. This
is the first direct branch of any Dutch grower in America—though the same firm
has branches in other leading countries.

This business has become the largest in the world in the distribution of highest
quality bulbs, the basis of growth being the better results produced by such bulbs.
Though you have made other arrangements for part of your Fall planting of Spring
flowering bulbs, it will pay you to test our Dutch bulbs direct from Holland with the
best you can buy elsewhere. :

We welcome suzh comparison — we know that results next Spring will bring
us all your future orders. :

That real first quality bulbs can be secured at moderate cost, if bought direct
from our Dutch Nurseries is proven by these prices.

Hyacinths Tulips Narcissus (Daffodils) Crocus
$2 per 100 up $1 per 100 up 75c per 100 up 40c per 100 up

Gt. van Waveren & Kruijff

American Branch House, 527 Bourse Bldg.
LOUIS BERGER, Mer. PHILADELPHIA, PA. U.S. A.

Home offices and nurseries, SASSENHEIM, “‘HAARLEM,’’ HOLLAND
Other branches, MOSCOW, RUSSIA LEIPSIC, GERMANY
BUENOS AYRES, ARGENTINE REPUBLIC
LONDON, ENGLAND GUTEBURG, SWEDEN

afl Mary Garden

sings exclusivel
g for the s

\ —but you can play her Columbia
records on any Graphophone or
“talking-machine.”

REG. U.S. PAT. OFF

RES. U.S. PAT. OFF

This is the New Columbia
Grafonola for $50—the “Favorite”

“PT ALWAYS said that never would I sing into a phonograph of any kind-—
| but, one does not always live up to everything one says—happily——
for after months of tireless persuasion the Columbia Phonograph Com-
pany won out, and here I am saying, like every one else that will hear
them, that the Columbia Records are without a rival! ‘They are so soft
and musical, losing all that beastly metallic quality that mars the phono-
graph in general. My sincere compliments for their eternal success.

Zé,
Columbia Phonograph Co., Gen’!

Box 240 Tribune Building, New York
LONDON: EARLSFIELD, S. W.

Creators of the Talking-machine industry. Pioneers and leaders in the
Talking-machine art. Owners of the fundamental patents. Largest
manufacturers of Talking-machines in the world. Dealers wanted. Ex-
clusive selling rights granted where we are not actively represented.

———————————————
THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products
AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER PLANTING |

The proper way to buy is to see the material growing. We shall gladly give our time and attention to all intend-
ing purchasers visiting our Nursery, and invite everybody interested in improving their grounds to visit us. Our
Nursery consists of upwards of 300 acres of highly cultivated land, and is planted with a choice selection of
Ornamental Nursery Products, placing us in a position to complete plantings and fill orders of any size.
BOXWOOD. We grow thousands of plants in many | EVERGREENS ANDCONIFERS. Moretinan75acres
shapes and sizes. Everybody loves the aroma of old of our Nursery are planted with handsome specimens.
fashioned Boxwood. Our plants are worth traveling any distance to see.
BAY TREES. Our display of these fascinating Trees HEDGE PLANTS. We have a large quantity of
is larger this season than ever. We are growing California Privet, Berberis, and other Shrubs for

for special lists.

our Nursery.

servatories, house and exterior decorations.
HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS. We have
thousands of rare new and old-fashioned kinds. Our
Herbaceous grounds are especially interesting at this
time. Special prices on quantities.
HARDY TRAILING AND CLIMBING VINES.
We grow in pots quantities for all kinds of planting. age. Everybody interested in Hardy Old Fashioned
PLANT TUBS AND WINDOW BOXES. Ask

OUR FORMAL ROSE GARDEN.

many hundreds of perfect specimens. Hedges.
DECORATIVE PLANTS. We have 250,000 square | POT-GROWN STRAWBERRIES. Ask for special
feet of greenhouses in which we grow Palms for con- list.

BULBS AND ROOTS. We import large quantities
of Bulbs and Roots from Japan, Holland and other
parts of Europe. Our Special Autumn Bulb Cata-
logue will be mailed upon request.

OUR NEW GIANT FLOWERING MARSH-
MALLOW. Thisis the floricultural marvel of the

Flowers should visit our nursery and see this wonder-
ful plant now in bloom.

This formal rose garden is now a permanent feature of ournurseries. We
claim it to be the only commercial rose garden in the country laid out on so comprehensive a plan and established
as a fixture for exhibition purposes.
thousands in bloom in several hundred varieties. Do not fail to inspect our entire collection while visiting

In addition to the Roses in our Formal Rose Garden, we have many

OUR ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOGUE NO. 25 will tell you about the above and all our other products for lawns and gardens.

We Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Everywhere
WE CAN MAKE OLD GARDENS NEW AND NEW GARDENS OLD WITH OUR “WORLD’S CHOICEST NURSERY PRODUCTS”
VISITORS, take Erie R. R. to Carlton Hill, second stop on Main Line; 3 minutes’ walk to Nursery.

BOBBINK & ATKINS

Nurserymen, Florists and Planters

“VELVETLAWN”

Grass Seeders and Fertilizer Sowers
These Two Machines Make

Beautiful Velvety Lawns

The “ Velvetlawn ” Grass Seeder puts the
seed in the ground—NOT ON TOP. It
saves seed. The wind or rain cannot carry
the seed away, because it is all put in the
ground where germination and growth takes
place quickly, the cutting action of the discs
opens narrow furrows in the sod, and the force feeds carry an equal amount
of seed into every furrow. The discs do not tear the sod, but relieve it
of its root-bound condition and let the AIR IN.

SAVE THE COST OF SOD

It is foolish to sod, because a BETTER LAWN can be had by drill- (7,
ing pure-bred Grass Seed at one-tenth the expense. ‘‘ Velvetlawn” (gan |
Seeders have proven their worth by the work they have done — by
the beautiful lawns they have made.

“VELVETLAWN” FERTILIZER SOWERS

will sow any brand of Dry Pulverized Fertilizer in any quantity
desired and scatter it evenly over the ground. It does not waste the
Fertilizer because the cultivator teeth work the material in the soil.
This is the only hand-power Sower in the world that will do the
work accurately and evenly. Price complete, $6, f.o.b., Springfield, O.

INDISPENSABLE TO GARDENERS

Just the machine to sow fertilizers between the rows of growing
vegetables, strawberry plants, etc. These machines are

absolutely and unreservedly warranted to do ALL we claim ff “VELVETLAWN': 4
for them. Satisfaction or your money back. No fuss about eaemigaay

Send for Booklets.

“VELVETLAWN ” SEEDER CO.
Box 555, Springfield, Ohio

it either.

RUTHERFORD, N. J.

PEONIES

WO hundred thousand roots

in three hundred of the

finest varieties guaranteed true
to name.

We offer one and two year
old stock; also extra large four
year clumps for Fall planting.

Send for Catalogue and Order Early

Cottage Gardens Co., Inc.
NURSERIES

Queens New York

For injormation about popular resorts 6
SEPTEMBER, 1911 AC BE By, GARDEN MAGAZINE write to the Readers’ Service 47

P a FEU ON Ges Bh) : ; = Sr
BUSINESS MEN ARE NOT TREE EXPERTS

No one expects them to be. Most of their time is taken up with industry and commerce — in making and buying and selling. They know in a general way
the value of the trees—tree value is becoming evident to every one. But they too often take it for granted that the trees are attending to their own business and
thriving, whereas all trees need care, many require treatment.

LOOKING AFTER TREES IS THE BUSINESS OF THE DAVEY TREE EXPERTS

”

Tree Surgeons are trained under the direction of John Davey, “‘Father of Tree Surgery,’’ and operate under the scientific system devised by him after years
of patient toil among the trees and plants. They know the needs of every tree, and are skillful in saving tree life. Where trees are diseased or decayed or injured,
they treat them successfully and save thousands that would otherwise die.

Moline Plow Co., of Moline, Ill., Moline, Il., March 13, 19r1.—I beg to advise you that my trees are looking very good. Some of the old elms in the front of my property were beginning to deteriorate.

I think with the treatment you have given them they will come through all right and remain live sentinels for many, many years, shielding my residence from too great familiarity of the hot summer
suns. I look upon the work with very great satisfaction and am glad every time I look at the trees that they have had your scientifically intelligent attention. Most sincerely, GEO. A. STEPHENS.

The Davey Tree Experts work under the direction of a responsible business organization, which guarantees
their work as to quality. Whether or not you have had experience with tree butchers or irresponsible tree
men, you are invited to become familiar with the work of real experts. Booklets giving full information will
be mailed free to any one having an estate which has on it a number of fine trees. Write today —
it is possible that we can arrange to have your trees inspected within a short time, without expense to
you and without placing you under obligation.

Mey F
Ph\s

The Davey Tree Expert Co.

Incorporated

159 Oak Street Kent, Ohio

(Operating the Davey Institute of Tree Surgery)

Farr’s Peonies, Irises and Hardy Plant Specialties

If the iridescent beauty of the Iris makes you a dreamer of far-away |me with a new wonder and admiration for their glorious flowers. All the
things, that of the Peony awakens you to the joy of life and the glory of | Junes of a lifetime are too short to intimately know them all.

June. Everybody loves the Peony — only a few really know how beau- | Nowhere in the world is there such another collection of Peonies. So
tiful are the modern ones, “The Aristocrats of the Hardy Garden.” Foor | Jarge that it includes almost every distinct variety of merit from the oldest
twelve Junes I have lived with my Peonies, each blooming season filling | to the newest; so small that there is no room for the commonplace.

MY NEW BOOK OF PEONIES, IRISES AND HARDY PLANT SPECIALTIES

so that the roots will make a fall growth,

is unique, in that the Peony list has been
entirely rewritten to conform to the official
descriptions of the American Peony Society,
the notes being prepared in the field while
the plants were in bloom, and the colors
were accurately determined by the Society’s
official color chart. In short it tells you in
condensed form all that is known about
Peonies, and will guide the beginner in the
selection of a few varieties for a small gar-
den, as well as the connoisseur in filling out
his large collection.

thus gaining a year’s time and producing
blooms next June.

I know every inch of the amateur’s road,
and can be of practical help to you if you
write me freely about your gardening
troubles, for the famous collection of plants
comprising Wyomissing Nurseries are but the
outgrowth of a tiny “ Boy’s Garden” in the
West —a hobby developed into a business.

BERTRAND H. FARR

Wyomissing Nurseries

643 D Penn St. Reading, Pa.

This book is free on request from all in-
terested in a hardy garden, though too ex-
pensive for promiscuous distribution. Send
for the book now, for you should plant early,

The Readers’ Service gives
48 injormation about investments

Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1911

Information about the selection or care of dogs,
poultry and live stock will be gladly given.

Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, Tue GarbeEn MacGazZIn_E, 11-13 W. 32d Street, New York.

CANDEE=—
Incu-Brooder-1200 Egg Capacity

Two Sections,
16 Compartments,
Coal Heated.

Insurable.

Quickly installed.
Can easily be moved.
Separate regulator on
each section.

Enlarge at any time
by adding on more
sections.

Healthiest heat known,
producing strong
vigorous chicks.

Free Catalogue
of Candee Hot Water
Incubators, Brooding
Systems, Heaters,
Sterilizers, etc.

Furnished With or Without Nursery Brooder.

Candee Incubator & Brooder Co., Dept. 17, Dewitt, N. Y.

Baby Chicks of Quality
Sent by Express Direct to You

Why bother with eggs? I can supply you with healthy |
young chicks at once and guarantee them to reach you in good
condition. Fishel Strain White Plymouth Rocks, S.C. R. I.
Reds. Prices reasonable. Chick catalogue free.

R.C. Caldwell, Box 1025, Lyndon, Ross Co., Ohio |

win at all the leading shows. “It pays to buy
the best.”” Stock and Eggs for sale in large

Maplecroft Farms, Pawling,

Avenarius Carbolineum not only kills all the lice but prevents
their reappearance for years. It is the best germicide you can
get and preserves the wood it isusedonas well. Order to-day.

Carbolineum Wood Preserving Co.,

BARRED

LATHAW’S ptymoutn

ROCKS

THE MOST RELIABLE STRAIN
as PRODUCERS of Fine Birds.

The best layers — fine table qual-
ities — leaders in the shew room.

STOCK and EGGS for sale.

Spring Circular mailed on application

Covers every phase of the subject with full
accounts of every prominent breed. 128 full-page |
pictures, complete in one volume.

Net, $5.00 (postage 35c.)
Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y.

1st Prz. Pullet winner of Sweep-
stakes Champ. and Color Spec-
ial Przs. at Madison Sq. Garden
Show Dec.,1910. _ Bred, raised Box G
and exhibited by C.H. Latham.

DON’T BUILD

C. H. LATHAM

Lancaster, Mass.

coops, etc., from Potter & Co., because they have been making these goods for ten years and know how.

Complete : Convenient : Sanitary

Potter Portable Houses and Fixtures have these good points, as
thousands of users test:fy. Potter goods are Az in quality and low
in price. They are made fora purpose and save you time and labor
in your poultry work.

Satisfaction Guaranteed — when you buy our goods. They
are made right and do please our customers. No lice and mites
when you use our vermin-proof roosts and nests. For your own
pleasure and profit and for the sake of your hens, you cannot
afford to be without Potter fixtures.

Our Two Catalogues — (136 pages, 150 illustrations) on port-
able houses and coops, fixtures, feed hoppers, trap nests, feeds
and supplies of all kinds at lowest prices, will interest you.
Mailed for two red stamps to cover postage. Write today and
x10 foot house, complete be convinced that Potter Poultry Products are for particular

A $40.00 HOUSE

A $5 Hennery Outfit

Potter Portable Poultry Houses

atyle _—

Zi

mailed on request, $5. “Made in 12 sizes.

BOX 22

s and sizes

POTTER & COMPANY

Maplecroft Rhode Island Reds

quantities. Send for Circular and Mating List:
of S. C. Reds. J. G. Dutcher, Prop. Address

New York

SOLVE THE CHICKEN LICE PROBLEM

191 Franklin St., New York City

The Dog Book JAMES cen ;

You can buy better, cheaper, more complete ready (factory) made hen-houses, roosting and nesting fixtures,

=r outfit, $40. Many other poultry people. Wealso make portable auto houses. Catalogue No. 36, 5-foot two-perch Potter olftfit, price

DOWNERS GROVE, ILLINOIS

Keep Your
\ Pure Milk Pure!

Y This pail keeps out the,
dirt, hair and filth that
get inat milking time. '
Strong, patterned right,
easy to wash. We proveit.

TERILAC

SANITARY MILK PAIL

Approved by up-to-date dairy-
men. Price $2.50. Sent di-

Handsome Cats and Kit-
+, tens for sale as pets or
breeders. Short Haired
and fancy varieties. Cats,
Dogs and Birds boarded
summer and winter. Also
a Model Poultry Depart-

ment. Write for circular to

The Black
Short Haired Cattery
Oradell, N. J.

of meat unsurpassed. Have some choice offerings now. Satisfaction guaranteed,
Write quickly. Free Catalog. Arthur J. Collins, Box ‘I, Moorestown, N. J.

Large Berkshires |
at Highwood

Regular Summer offering of brood
sows, either open or safe with pig.
Price $35.00 each and higher.

Young pigs in pairs and trios, mated
mot akin. We have over soo registered
Berkshires in our herd. As large if not
the largest herd of these animals in
the United States.

H. C.&H.B.Harpending, Dundee, N.Y. =

Pro-

fessional Breeder or General

Amateur, Fancier,

Farmer — the Book you

need is

“The Poultry Book”’

372 illustrations. One large hand-
$5.50 postpaid.

some volume.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
Garden City, N. Y.

ADEM,

GARDEN MAGAZINE

|-THE:

Y

TO THOSE WHO WISH TO SELL
COUNTRY REAL ESTATE

When we began to plan for the publication
of Country Lire In AmMERIca nearly ten years
ago, we hoped and expected that the advertise-
ments of land and country homes would be
one of the most attractive features of the
magazine.

To our great disappointment, our vision
was not at once realized; it took us a year to
induce anybody to try our plan. But finally
one or two bold spirits ventured into our
pages and made sales: one man took a whole
page and sold a property for more than
$200,000, and places of less value from $5,000
up sold more easily.

It is our ambition to greatly enlarge this
department and to make it an increasingly
attractive feature of the magazine. If,
as is the fact these pages have sold several
million dollars worth of property; and if, as
is also true, more and more people are looking
for country homes, are we not doing you a good
turn to print the following experiences from
people who have succeeded as advertisers,
and perhaps bring your courage up to the point
of further investigation?

REAL EstaTE DEPARTMENT,
Doubleday, Page & Co., N. Y.

We have had very good results from our advertise-
ments in Country Life in America during the past
three or four years, and for that reason we thought
it well to enter into a yearly contract for the present

ear.

Several years ago the results from one advertisement
which appeared in your magazine, netted us sufficient
commissions to more than pay for all our advertising
in the magazine for the entire year. We have great
faith in Country Life in America as an advertising
medium and for that reason we hope to always have
an advertisement in it.

With best wishes for your success, we remain,

Yours very truly,

F. M. Crawtry & BROTHERS,
Montclair, N. J.

ON THE NORTH SHORE OF MASSACHUSETTS

DouBLepAy, PAGE & Co.
Garden City, N. Y.

I take great pleasure in telling you of the splendid
results I have obtained from advertising real estate
on the North Shore of Massachusetts Bay in Country
Life in America. 1 have received inquiries through
my advertisements in your magazine from almost
every state in the Union and many inquiries from the
different countries in Europe. The advertising I
have placed with you has been the means of bringing
to my office wealthy people from various parts of the

TALK: OF THE

“To business that we love we rise betime
And go to ’t with delight.” —A ntony and Cleopatra

Us ‘ted States; to these people, I have rented houses

aad sold large tracts of seashore land. The advertising
has bcen pleasureable and profitable to me.

With many wishes for a successful future for your
Country Life in America, I beg to remain,

Respectfully,
(Signed) M. J. MracHER,
Gloucester, Mass.

Of course we cannot always succeed in
finding a customer for every piece of property,
for the very good reason that some people
ask more money for land and houses than they
are worth, and others have land and houses
which for some good reason nobody wants.
But property that is both good and fair in
price we can sell.

SELLING FARMS IN VIRGINIA

Country Lire mv AMERICA
Garden City, L. I.

Last December I placed an advertisement in Country
Life in America. I was very anxious to sell my place
here and purchase another larger farm. I have re-
ceived from the two insertions just 204 replies and I
feel quite sure I could have sold my place at least
ten times.

Out of the 204 replies, I have been and am now
corresponding with about 60 who really want to buy
properties in this part of the state. I have made up
my mind that I will not sell my place now but will go
into the real estate business and push it for all there
is in it. I have opened an office here and have so
far this month put through one deal and have another
ready to close. I am confident that Country Life in
America is the advertising medium for me to use. I
am enclosing copy for the April issue herewith.

Yours very truly,
(Signed) Harry M. HvusBeE tt,
Warrenton, Va.

HOW TO RENT A HOUSE THREE TIMES

Messrs. DouBLEDAY, PAGE & Co.,
Garden City, N. Y.

The results from my advertising in Country Life
in America have been very satisfactory. One partic-
ular property with a large house we rented three years
in succession to applicants who came to us directly
from a special advertisement of this property in Cown-
try Life and some of the best inquiries we have had,
have been in answer to our advertisement in your
magazine. The results have been much better for
the amount of money involved than any newspaper
advertising, with us, for several years.

Yours very truly,
(Signed) JEREMIAH ROBBINS,
Babylon, L. I.

Remember that you need only one answer
to a real estate advertisement — if it is the
right one. Take time enough in advance to
prepare your copy carefully — don’t throw
away good money on bad photographs. If

2 eS:

rs

rae,
< ~
~~

, 2) DS a ee
yee —2 0o_

o)

we can help you, write to our Suggestion -
Advertising Department; its advice and help
are free.

INFLUENCE ALL OVER THE WORLD

PUBLISHERS COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA,
New York.
Gentlemen —

How satisfying it is for advertisers to verify cir-
culation. Here, travelling in Cuba, I find the Country
Life in America for sale as I do in England and Con-
tinental Europe. I cannot recall another high-class
publication that possesses such a world-wide circu-
lation, reputation and authority.

It might also interest you to know that from my
first advertising appearance in your columns I have '
sold $736,000 worth of country real estate in gross
selling figures, upon which I have been paid a com-
mission. This business I trace directly to Country Life. .

Tam, Yours truly,
GRANT ParIsH.

SELLING FOR AN OWNER DIRECT

While Country LIFE IN AMERICA carries :
the announcements of a great many real .
estate agents and has given them very large .
results, as the foregoing letters show, it ,
also serves a great many owners who adver- |
tise their proper.’~~ directly over their own
names. And Coun.y Lire has given an ex-
cellent account of itse.f in finding purchasers
for country property and on an extremely
profitable basis, as the following letter shows:

Country Lire IN AMERICA,
Garden City, N. Y.
Gentlemen —

For your information would state that I advertised
my Virginia Estate of 500 acres for sale in your March
issue with the result that on June 1st I sold same.

The cost of my advertisement with you was $19.95.
The commission to a real estate dealer here to sell
this property would have amounted to $2,500 (Twenty-
five hundred dollars). You will readily see there was i
a great saving, besides not overlooking the principal
feature—I sold the property.

Yours truly,
W. H. Mace.

Copy for the October 1st issue should reach
us by September sth; for October 15 by
September 15th, etc., etc., — thirty days in
advance of publication. Send for special
real estate rate and further particulars.

Write to the Real Estate Department of
Country Lire In America, DOUBLEDA
Pace & Company, Garden City, N. Y., Head
Office. 11-13 W. 32nd St., New York.
People’s Gas Bldg., Chicago. Tremont Bldg.,
Boston. 419 Citizens’ Building, Cleveland.

50 THE GARDEN

Festiva Maxima

The magnificent white
flowers are of perfect
shape, very full and
double. Some of thecen-
ter petals are flaked with carmine.
Festiva Maxima is a strong grower
and free bloomer. Foliage hand-
some and healthy; flower carried
on long, stiff stems. Each 50c.

Mont Blanc

Magnificent white with creamy cen-
ter. Plants are of compact growth, bearing the fine
double flowers in greatest profusion. Each 50c.

able: Seeds for fall planting.
tion at the still more remarkable price.
will learn to value our “Guide”

HOLLAND BULBS

HYACINTHS,
TULIPS, Set
DARWIN TULIPS
DAFFODILS, etc.

Choicest Selection of First-class Quality only
Delivered free in New York Duty Paid

CATALOGUE FREE ON APPLICATION TO

ANT. ROOZEN & SON

Bulbgrowers

OVERVEEN, nr. Haarlem, HOLLAND

Livingston's Popular $1.°° Sey Collection

Four Famous Sorts —

One Strong Root of Each
for One Dollar Postpaid

sel This is THE Paeony opportunity of
theseason. To acquaint you with “true
blue”’ quality Bulbs, Seeds, etc.,
we offer this matchless collec-
tion at a popular price. We
can offer these sorts so reason-
ably because we grow them on
our own farms.

One Strong Root of Each for One Dollar Postpaid

Guide to Fall Planting of Bulbs Free

Describes and offers at reasonable rates a complete assortment of Dutch Bulbs, Paeonies, Irises, Phloxes, and Season-
On second cover page you will read why we offer the above remarkable Paeony collec-
With many dependable culture directions and ‘
as a safe adviser in matters pertaining to fall planting.

The Livingston Seed Co., °32.2%2" Columbus, Ohio & 2)

MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1911

Madame Ducel i

One of the best midsea-
son sorts. Perfectly shap-
ed, globular flowers of
brilliant silvery pink col-
or, tinted and marked
with salmon. Plants are of dwarf,
vigorous growth, are excellently
adapted to landscape work and
bloom very freely. Each 60c.

Rubra Triumphans
Deep crimson-maroon. A striking

sort of brilliant beauty ; exceedingly valuable for
bedding. Extra large, double flowers. Each 35c.

“true-to-nature ” illustrations you

Write for your free copy today.

Do Not Go Thraugh Another Summer
Without Trees and Shrubs

There is nouse suffering from the heat because of a lack of pleasant shade and
comforting shrubbery; it isn’t necessary. The trees and shrubs are ready for
you—after years of patient growing. It is your fault, not theirs, if they are not
about your home, for you could have them placed there. Life is too short for one
to set out a twig, after his home is built, and wait for it to become a tree—Nature
works too slowly for that. But you can secure trees and shrubs that are large
enough to give youa landscape without waiting.

The Growing of Trees is an ART— Transplanting Them is a SCIENCE

Swain Nelson & Sons Co., engaged in raising and transplanting trees and shrubs,
have been in the businessifor along time. They understand the art of growing things,
and they transplant scientifically. All ofitheir stock is carefully grown. The trees
and shrubs are planted with plenty of space between each individual, giving ita
chance to develop into a personality. Attention is paid

to root development, to shape and formation, and to

vigor. The soil in which the plants are started is im-

portant. The protection and cultivation the young

plants receive is material. The manner in which they

are taken up and transplanted from time to time, so they

will adapt themselves to changed conditions, is VITAL.

All of these things have been properly looked after from

year to year in Nelson’s Glenview Nurseries.

LANDSCAPES WITHOUT WAITING REQUIRE
SPECIAL FACILITIES AND SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE

Something more is involved than digging a hole in the
ground and setting out a plant. Swain Nelson & Sons
Co.’s experts visit your’7premises if desired, determine the
size and character of trees and shrubs best adapted to
the place, select the proper location for them, remove
them from where they are now growing in their great
nurseries and place them where they willdo you the most
good—where they will shelter you and add beauty and
value tothe home. Fine, large specimens are always
chosen. A business reputation stands back of every ~
transaction and the company cannot afford to make a
failure. Nothing is undertaken that cannot be success-
fully carried out, and no contract is too large for execu-
tion. Handsome Book, “Landscape Without Waiting,”
explaining many points in landscaping and tree plant-
ing, will be sent free on application to any home owner
within five hundred miles of Chicago. From others we
must ask fifty cents, which will be rebated on first order.

Write us today for the
book.

SWAIN NELSON
AND SONS CO.,
898 Marquette Bldg.,Chicago, Ill.

The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish <
injormavion aovut foreign travel 51

iG Ak De Nie MA GAZ INE

SEPTEMBER, 1911

Covir) Drsicn—— Japanese Clematis, = = = mm hh C= «C= Nathan R. Graves
PAGE PAGE
WHERE SEPTEMBER HAs NO RivAL - - - - - - - - - 53 CANNING FRUIT FOR WINTER - - - - WM. Roberts Conover .69

Photograph by the author

AMATEUR COLD STORAGE - - - - -
Photograph by the author

CHEMICALS FOR GARDEN USE - - - - - - - - = = = JO
W.H. Jenkins 72

Tue “Fun” or Cottectinc Harpy Pinks - -Wilhelm Miller 54
Photograpks by E. J. Wallis and N. R. Graves

A GARDEN oF LitrirEe LAasor anp MucH
DELIGHT - - - - - - - - - Aldred Scott Warthin 58

Photograph by Lyndon
THE FASCINATING BEAUTY OF SOME CAPE Bugs A. Herrington 60

E. S. Johnson 70

TOWARD THE END OF THE SUMMER - - - -
Photograph by the author

Photographs by Nathan R. Graves

SOME CAPE BULBS FOR CALIFORNIA GARDENS Sydney B. Mitchell 76

Photograph by the author

BEDDING PLANTS FOR NEXT YEAR - - - Edwin Lonsdale 63 PSR ENO WE ene | SET NGM TES ipeil =~ Se
VINES WITH ORNAMENTAL FOLIAGE OR Fruit W.C.McCollom 64 Photograph by the author
Photographs by H. E. Angell and others GROWING ANEMONES NEAR CHICAGO- - - - Oscar J. West 82
“TAKING” THE CHRYSANTHEMUM Bup - - - - JI. L. Powell 66 Forcinc ANEMONE CORONARIA - - - - - -P. TZ. Barnes 82
Photographs by Leonard Barron
CHILDREN’S GARDENS EVERYWHERE - - - Ellen Eddy Shaw 67 BENG A Wet ate Seen Mes Roper SCOR gver a
READDRSak XPERIENCE G@@UB = = =) == = = = = = = 68 A BEAUTIFUL FoREST FLtowerR - - - - - - - H.S.A. 86

Photographs by A. R. Dugmore and A. G. Eldredge

SUBSCRIPTION:
$1.50 a year

Single copies 15 cts.

F. N. DoustepAy, President

WILHELM MILLER, Epiror — Copyricut, 1911, By DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879
H. W. Lanter, Secretary

Watter H. Pace, Hersert S. Houston, Vice-Presidents

Photograph by H. E, Angell

For Foreign Postage
add 65c.

For Canada add 35c.

S. A. Everitt, Treasurer

There’s a world of pleasure in a well-chosen perennial garden—
one that really fulfills its purpose.

Not ahaphazard bunching up of plants, but a carefully-planned
grouping of sorts that go well together; not a lot of flowers bloom-
ing all at once, and then gone for the season, but an array of
beds from which flowers may be cut practically every day all
summer.

And the beauty of it isthat, with proper care, the plants are yours,

Boddington’s Quality Double Hollyhocks

Pkt. 40Oz.
Apple Blossom................eeseeeeeees $0 10 $0 50
Bright Pink.......... Re aveTeleta7e iste shave avaistets 10 50
Canary Yellow........ Btelepsyortersaisizias(oizeislets 10 50
Blood-Red...... ..... aaleetelsve ts cisistatecesinteuats 10 50
Crimson ............ couoo0dobe ieraate ale: sieie'e 10 50
Golden Yellow..... Sagdbpdodnoos saodennen 10 50
Woilaewe rence a sisyetaye sero MfavedsroysCetelevess\eieie’=:%.sis'6 10 50
Peach Blossom...............--- Ries eieaiee 10 50
TROSC ipo s.ete rove. se erates cteia te sie lacte eist vesaetcisieisiete 10 50
SERTON ssoocno oos00000 cosdacouRbeedODCOG 10 50
Scarlets sccycyteicteclcrter ersloievaslc(einjo'sisj eto eccie aie 10 50
SnO wa Wie eter ctetsslsisicisis clersiele wicves« 10 50
W664) ag eoin Godt CLOnnDOO DOGo Cre oe Teen 10 40

The above choice collection, 12 varieties Bodding-
ton’s Quality Hollyhocks, $1; 8 varieties, 75 cts.; 6

varieties, 60 cts. Iidn, OYA
Allegheny, Single Fringed, finest mixed..$0 10 $1 00
Single, finest mixed..................... 10 100
Hardy Perennials
Pkt.
Achillea ‘‘The Pearl,’’ double white....... poosooskl) ike)
Aquilegia (Columbine), Boddington’s long

spurred hybrids, mixed.............-.---+--

out; cultural directions, accurate descriptions.

and other valuable information.

500 varieties of Perennial Seeds that can be grown this year and that will flower nex
Summer and Autumn Garden Guide mailed free.

ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, Seedsman, Dept. G, 342 West 14th St., New York City

‘ Delights of an Old-Time Garden—

Make Them Yours by Planting These “Quality” Seeds NOW

not for one season only, but year after year without replanting. §

The following collections of Boddington’s ‘‘Quality” Seeds
make such a garden an easy possibility for you at very little cost.
Order and plant them now, and the flowers will bloom freely for
you next year.

Complete directions, with a copy of our beautifully illustrated
Summer Garden Guide described below, will be sent you with
the seeds.

Hardy Perennials, Continued
Campanula (Canterbury Bell), single, rose, blue, $

WHOM, OP smMbeClo 5 acons cocdeasccgo0GonddD DoS 05
Campanula, double rose, blue, white or mixed... 05
Chrysanthemum Maximum ‘‘Shasta Daisy’’..... 05
Delphinium (Hardy Larkspur), Erskine Park

INAMAGIS | secccncancce Ooncoovouade Soonoae opa0R0 25
Digitalis Gloxinieflora (Foxglove) finest mixed. 05
Gaillardia Grandiflora (Blanket Flower), Bod-

dington’s new hybrids ............-....--..«-- 25
Gypsophila Paniculata (Baby’s Breath) white.. 05
Hesperis Matronalis (Sweet Rocket), mixed.... 10
Lathyrus Latifolius ( Everlasting Sweet Peas),

HNP GE! so0o wooawone oadonUO CUD OCOdOubE aaBoOCdS 10
Lobelia Cardinalis (Cardinal Flower), red...... 10
Myosotis (Forget-me-not), mixed...........-.-. 10
Cnothera (Evening Primrose), mixed.......... 10
Papaver Nudicaule (Iceland Poppy), mixed..... 05
Papaver Orientale (The Oriental Poppy), finest

WHA Gog asoanoweaduEDeS na godondoannodsbospr 10
Platycodon Mariesii ( Chinese Bell Flower ),

Mb! 6 SadcoGdouns copnandenoeaUdoooesecdusocc 10
Primula Vulgaris (English Primrose), yellow... 10
Pansy Boddington’s Challenge (allgiants),mixed 25
Viola Cornuta (Tufted Pansy), mixed.......... 10

Collection of the above 20 useful varieties $1.00.

48 pages, fully il-

yet By TOS Ey OTE Tlo ae pooped io SS ae ME OLN NRE SS 2 al ale at aa
Boddington’s Summer and Autumn Garden Guide Now Ready jus:tiied' mouzh-

Contains a full list of Bulbs and Seeds for Summer and Fall Planting, also about

t—with full cultural directions as to sowing,
Send post card to-day.

4]

9 Write to the Readers’ Service for
52 suggestions about garden furniture

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1911

Special Offer of Japanese Iris

Of all hardy plants the Japanese Iris is the most beautiful and satisfactory and our stock is notably
the largest and finest in America — of some fine varieties our stocks are too large and to reduce them
we are offering these varieties at prices very little higher than those of the common mixed sorts.
Where the selection of varieties is left entirely to us we will furnish fine plants and fine varieties at $9.00
per 100, $70.00 per 1000. 50 supplied at the 100 rate and 500 at the 1000 rate.

s : PAEONIA FESTIVA MAXIMA

Of this glorious white Peony we now have a stock of over ten thousand
plants, and, to induce people to plant it in quantity, we have decided to offer it
ata specially low price. It is the most satisfactory Peony in cultivation, and can
not be surpassed either for cut-flowers or for decorative effect in the garden.
Very large, pure white flowers, with a few blood-red stains in the center; tall
stalks, beautiful foliage and very free flowering.

Strong undivided clumps, $2 each, $20 per dozen, $150 per 100; 25 at the 100 rate.
Strong plants 75c each, $8 per dozen, $50 per 100; 25 supplied at the 100 rate.
Small plants 30c each, $3 per dozen, $20 per 100; 25 supplied at the 100 rate.

SEPTEMBER PLANTING

Peonies, Irises of all kinds (except English and Spanish Iris), Japanese An-
emones, Candidum Lilies and many other hardy plants give best results when
planted early in September. We are the oldest, largest and best growers of
hardy plants in America and will send our illustrated catalogue containing
descriptions of hundreds of varieties of Peonies, Irises, Phloxes, Hardy Plants
in variety, Trees and Shrubs free on request.

ELLIOTT NURSERY, 326 4th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa.

Sunlight Sash make winter gardening a pleasure

There is none of the back- breaking,
patience-trying drudgery of covering
and uncovering the sash. No mats or
boards or coverings of any kind are
used.

WY ge)

jks. thas es

(eh Berea
for Hot-beds
and Cold-frames

SUNLIGHT DouBLE GLAss SASH NEED NO COVERING
EVEN IN ZERO WEATHER

This season do your gardening under Sun-
light Double Glass Sash. You will be sur-
prised at the fine plants you can grow —at
the small amount of time and labor it takes.

For instance, you
can have violets bloom-
Make
your preparations now
to get the full benefit
of the sash.

ing all winter.

SaaEeht Double Glass Sash Co.,

“Double Glass Sa
The double layer of glass takes the place
of mats or boards

Between the two layers is a 54 inch transparent blanket
of dry still air—keeping in the heat—keeping out the cold.
Better than heavy, expensive mats or boards because it saves
labor and permits the plants to get all the light all the time
which means that they will grow faster and become hardier.

Glass slips in and is held in place without putty. Can’t
work loose. Easily replaced.

Read what amateurs grew last season

Fresh lettuce and radishes all winter. Cabbage, cauli-
flower, beets, tomatoes, peppers and sweet potatoes to set
out early in the Spring. Violets all winter, pansies in

GROW FRESH VEGETABLES FOR YOUR TABLE
AND TO SELL
bloom in February or March. We have sold sash to
hundreds of amateurs, many of whom have sent in
their second and third orders. ¢

Agents Wanted. Sell Sunlight Sash in your
neighborhood. Write us for proposition.

Send for these two gs gate
1.—Our FREE catalog with net
prices, prepaid freight and guaran-
teed delivery proposition. It gives
details, testimonials and full informa-&
tion of this wonderful invention. \
2.—A most interesting and instruc-
tive booklet by Prof.W.F.Massey, the
well-known authority on Market Gar-
dening, in which he tells how to make

and care for hot beds and cold frames,
and when and what to grow in them.

Price of Prof. Massey's booklet, 4
cents in postage stamps. Catalog free.

927 E. Broadway, Louisville, Ky.

The Garden Magazine

Wore INOna2

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

SEPTEMBER, 1911

§ ONE DOLLAR FIFTY CENTS A YEAR
| FIFTEEN CENTS A Copy

[For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is
generally taken asastandard. Allowsix days’ difference
for every hundred miles of latitude.]

Where September Has No Rival

EPTEMBER is the favored month
for planting peonies—at least
with certainty of success. Nurserymen
realize this and have their best plants
ready for shipment so all that is needed
on your part is a determination not to
prevaricate. Order without delay. There
cannot be any question as to whether
you want peonies. Who doesn’t?

But they are not the only flowers to
plant. Any of the hardy herbaceous
perennials will become well rooted before
cold weather if p!anted before September
roth. Or their seeds may be sown almost
‘as late.

Established colonies of phlox, dianthus,
hollyhocks and other border plants should
be dug up, the clumps divided and reset
in newly enriched soil.

Usually there are enough of these plants
so that some may be potted and cut back,
to be taken indoors before frost comes.
These will send up new, vigorous growth
and bloom bountifully during the dark
days of early winter.

Prepare for Frost Now

Soe ING of frost, you may expect a

few preliminary touches any time
after the middle of the month. Three
conditions are necessary for the occur-
rence of frost — which is simply the con-
densation of the atmospheric moisture on
the surface of plants. These are:

T. Dry, alr.

2. A clear sky.

3. Absence of wind.

When these appear in combination
about sundown, hustle around and _ pro-
tect your tender plants. Cheesecloth or
newspapers laid over the beds will be

effective; or you can ‘leave the sprinkler
going to keep the air moist.”
to place smudge fires about the earn

Prepacinio athe Eruit “Trees for,

Winter

(Ces cultivating entirely.
no cover crop planted, begin to mulch
the trees and fruit bushes, lightly at first,
more heavily as October progresses. Can
and preserve all the fruits and all the veg-
etables you can spare from. the table. ~

‘Canes of the blackberries and rasp- ...

berries can be cut back if they are in
danger of being whipped about and broken
by winter winds. Another provision for
more small fruits next summer is the plant-
ing of some more bushes now, to replace
others as they grow old and unprofitable.

Under Glass

ie IS now another planting season for the

coldframe gardener. Lettuce sowed
up to September 15th will supply you
during early winter, and even until Christ-
mas if the frames are well protected.
Give the plants all the air you can until
real cold weather, and keep water out of
the hearts. By the way, an excellent
means for ventilating frames is the use of
cloth sashes instead of glass.

Beets may mature if sown now, but if
not the tops will make excellent greens
for late fall dinners. Radishes are always
seasonable.

Parsley is slow to germinate but hardy,
and can be grown all winter either in a
greenhouse or a well protected frame.

Spinach may be planted about the
8th to give Christmas greens; and about
the 21st. This latter crop will give you
your first spring vegetable in March.

Cabbage may be grown for early spring
if sown now; or, equally well, half grown
heads from July or August sown seed may
be buried in a trench to be set out again
next April.

It is acknowledged that peas can be
sown until September first. Why not
try some a week later, cover them during
the first frost and enjoy them when other
folks are thinking of cabbage and turnips
as the only “fresh vegetables?”

Tomatoes Will Ripen Indoors

pee they should be picked at the first
signs of frost. Eggplants too, and
peppers, for these are all of tropical origin
and need more protection than “infant
industries.”

Potatoes should be

53

dug and stored

Itmight pay °

iether is

away where the temperature will stay a
little above 32 degrees. ~Pumpkins and
Hubbard squash need a slightly higher

: temperature and dry atmosphere.

To Prove You Are a Good *
72 Gardener
OU should make neatness your trade-

mark. As soon as plants cease to
bear pull.up and burn them, or hide them —

‘away in the compost heap. °

After the leaves have fallen it is some-

‘times hard to’ tell’ a dead bratich * from

a live one, so if there are any of the former
on your trees and bushes cut them out
and burn them. But don’t attempt any
real pruning till the plants are dormant.

If your soil is well drained and fairly
light, you can start new lawns or reseed
old ones up to September 15th. Give
them plenty of water, however, so that the
seedlings will start the winter with a
good growth of strong roots.

The fallen leaves that so many people
burn in the gutter in front of their houses,
make excellent material to add to the
compost heap. Practise a little economy
and don’t let all that plant food go to
waste before your eyes.

If you find the lawn strewn with twigs
and small branches of your oak trees,
you may be sure that the larvae of the
“oak-pruner”’ (Elaphidion villosum) is at
work. But the foolish boring worm comes
to the ground inside the twig he gnawed
off; hence by burning the twigs we can
destroy the pest.

Look over the greenhouse inside and out,
replace all broken lights of glass, fill
in putty where needed, and get soil dug
and mixed ready for filling the benches
and borders, now, whie the days are fine.

A Few Hints Without Details

| Gs CABBAGES are ripening too fast and
threatening to burst, give the more ma-
ture heads a half-twist, without pulling
them out of the ground.

If your winter apples show signs of scab,
mildew or any other fungus disease, use
ammoniacal copper carbonate.

Every garden lover should join in the
movement for more beautiful roadsides.
Gather wild flowers—seeds or plants—and
start them along neglected highways, where
they will make many a traveler happy.

Has your vegetable garden been a
financial success this season? Go over
your accounts and see where you can in-
crease your profits and reduce expenses
next year. Remember that whatever you
do, the soil is ready to do its share.

The maiden pink (Dianthus deltoides) has gem-like flowers half an inch across.
This plant makes attractive foliage carpets, even on gravel

The sand pink (D. arenarius), a relative of the Scotch pink which grows four
inches high and has white, fringed flowers. Good for walls

Ve Mig ey BI Ss

The “Fun” of Collecting Hardy Pinks— By Wilhelm Miller, New

““JOVE’S FLOWERS’’—A DIVINELY SCENTED GROUP,

INCLUDING HARDY CARNATIONS, SWEET WILLIAMS, THOSE

LITTLE MASTERS OF SHOWINESS (THE CHINESE PINKS), AND THE PRECIOUS OLD SCOTCH, GRASS, OR GARDEN PINKS

[Epitor’s Note. — The “ Fun of Collecting” series is designed especially for beginners who would like to become experts 1n one season. Each article deals with one popular
genus containing 100 or more species and varieties —the kind that bewilders the beginner. The obj ct is to give a sense of mastery, not a complete list of too-much-alike varieties.|

SOS who believes in the law of

compensation will find his pet theory
beautifully illustrated by the genus Dian-
thus. The florist’s carnation blooms all
winter, but is worthless outdoors. The
sweet William has the largest head of
flowers, but the seeds must be sown every
year. The Chinese pinks will give about
as much show for the money as you can
ever get from a five-cent packet of seeds,
but they are deficient in fragrance. Gar-
den pinks bloom only once a year in June,
or if ““ever blooming” they split the calyx
or have some other drawback. The maiden
pink is nearly unbeatable for producing
great carpets of attractive foliage and
dainty little flowers, but like all the pinks
it will perish on heavy soil that is damp in
winter. Every plant that grows has its
limitations (though you may not find them
in the catalogues) and it is the purpose of
this series to state them unflinchingly,
whenever we know what they are. Gar-
den pinks are not as long-lived as trees;
you have to divide them every two or
three years. Many of the kinds are said
to bloom all summer, but I have not
found it so. Some look seedy unless
you keep the flowers picked. And all of
them demand light soil and good drainage.

But as long as the human race survives
people will love and grow the hardy pinks,
because of their clove-like fragrance and
gay colors. Moreover, they have peculiar
value for America, because our summers
are hot and dry, and through myriads of
years nature had been adapting the species
of Dianthus to arid regions, so that some
of them will blossom in the dust, pour forth

their fragrance amid the poorest gravels,
and sow their own seeds on bare rocks
wherever there is a chink or a pinch of
soil. What is more refreshing on a hot
day than a sheet of single white pinks,
cool and spicy? Who has found a better
flower for edging garden paths — so charm-
ing in bloom and so attractive all the year,
especially in winter? And now that better
taste in flower beds is beginning to reject
the atrocious coleus and its gaudy tropical
crew, what plants are more valuable for
hardy bedding than the garden pinks?

HARDY CARNATIONS

Next to the rose, the carnation is prob-
ably dearest to the heart of humanity,
and indeed it gives more for the money.
The carnation has the largest individual
flower in the genus Dianthus, John Thorpe’s
ideal of a four-inch double flower having
lately been realized. No other flower has
had so great a transformation. The origi-
nal carnation was a short-stemmed flower
blooming for a fortnight in summer;
it has been changed into a long-stemmed
flower blooming for six months or more
and especially in winter. But, alas, these
florists’ carnations make wretched garden
plants! People often buy carnation plants
in spring and grow them outdoors, but the
flowers are not good enough, disbudding is
a bother, and the plants die the next
winter. Even if the plants are rested
over winter they are unsatisfactory in
the garden, as the stems are gawky and
require staking. Two other plans are
better.

The first is to grow the Marguerite type,

54

treating the plants as annuals, i. e., you
sow the seeds outdoors in May and the
plants bloom from August until frost.
These glorious flowers often measure three
inches across and the colors include white,
blush, pink, salmon, carmine, scarlet, crim-
son, and maroon. This is the earliest of
the many types of carnation, blooming
in three months from seed, but the plants
will not last over the winter in the North
as a rule. The Chabaud strain is more
like the greenhouse carnation, but instead
of blooming eighteen months after seed-
sowing, it blooms in five or six. It is
best started indoors in March.

The second plan is to grow a hardy type
of carnation that blooms the second year
and will give satisfaction one or two sea-
sons thereafter. The favorite strains for
this purpose are the Grenadin and the
Vienna. I like best the double scarlet
and double white Grenadin; the Vienna
varies too much. These plants are not
absolutely hardy, and should be lightly
covered with straw or long manure in
winter.

The European catalogues are enough to
make a poor collector crazy. I have a
Scotch catalogue that offers 224 varieties of
border carnations, and Bailey’s “Survival
of the Unlike”’ gives a classification which
fires the heart to possess many types that
are unknown here. But this is nothing
new, for in 1597 Gerarde wrote that “to
describe each new -variety of carnation
were to roll Sisyphus’s stone or number the
sands.’’ And, before you send all your
money abroad, ponder these words of
Arthur Herrington: “We can do nothing

SEPTEMBER, 1911

here with the English Malmaisons, nor
with the grand outdoor varieties.”
Anyone who is “daffy” on wall garden-
ing ought to try the original carnation or
clove pink (Dianthus caryophyllus), a pale
lilac flower which grows wild in Normandy
and on the ruins of Rochester castle in Eng-
land. Many flowers that are not hardy in
the level garden are hardy in low retaining
walls, e. g., snapdragons and wallflowers.

SWEET WILLIAMS

As the carnation is at the top of one line
of development in the genus Dianthus, so

is the sweet William at the top of another,

for it has the largest clusters, often four
inches across and containing twenty to
thirty flowers. Also this species (D. bar-
batus), has a greater genius for variegation
than any other, so much so that we sel-
dom see self-colored sweet Williams, save
the white, pink and crimson. The price
which the sweet William pays for this
showiness is a short season of bloom,
uninteresting foliage, diminished fragrance
and a short term of life, for it is practically
an annual. True, the plant will last
several years, but it gives its best bloom
the second season, and since it is most
convenient to sow the seeds in July for
bloom the next June it is customary to
call the sweet William a biennial. However
biennials are quite as much care as annuals,
for we cannot have them every year un-
less we sow them every year.

John Thorpe complained that hardly
any improvement had been made in sweet
Williams in thirty years, and he spoke
fondly of Hunt’s strain, which had flowers
as large as a quarter and of clear, decided
colors. Surely there is nothing very gloat-
worthy in the ordinary five-cent package,
but when the collector opens his French
and German catalogues he is staggered
by the immense variety. “The points

The fringed, or night-scented, pink (D. superbus)
is closely related to the garden pink, but has the
petals cut below the middle

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

the florist improver aims at,” says Robin-
son, ‘‘are a circular flower, with no inden-
tation where the petals meet, thick in
petal, and with all the petals marked alike,
the colors meeting each other in clearly
defined lines without any feathering or
flushing into each other.”” American stan-
dards in flowers are never so high as the
European, and their standards seem too
exacting and artificial to our beginners.
Hunt gave great attention to getting round
trusses and smooth-edged flowers. A pop-
ular strain at present is the Auricula-eyed,
in which the flowers have a clear white
eye surrounded by red,-scarlet, crimson,
violet or maroon. The double flowers
last longer but are rather lumpy and the
colors are less pronounced.

The sweet William is particularly ef-
fective in formal gardens, especially in
company with other formal flowers such
as foxgloves and larkspurs. Unfortunately
a bed of sweet Williams leaves a big gap
when it passes out of bloom, and it is a
shabby plant in winter, so that one needs
the ingenuity of a Duncan Finlayson or a
Mrs. Francis King to think out satis-
factory ways of combining it with other
plants. By the way, reader, what is the
best scheme you know?

OTHER CLUSTERED FLOWERS

The relatives of the sweet William are
an alluring set to the collector, but in real
life I have found them rather disappointing.
For instance the blood pink (Dianthus
cruentus), pictured on page 56 is very
consistently colored and has a certain
diminutive beauty of flower, but makes
no show compared with a sweet William
and the color is a rather acute crimson.
The stems are too tall and weak and the
plant is hideous about the seventh of June,
for the buds are so brown that the plant
looks as if it had gone to seed. Perhaps
I do injustice to this plant for the artistic
way to use it may be to naturalize it in
meadows. I once saw a ghastly attempt
to make sweet Williams look like wild
flowers by planting them in the tall grass,
but they were too eternally variegated.
Possibly this blood pink would hold its
own better and make mystic spots of color
amid the sober heads of timothy and other
grasses as the cardinal flower does beside
the water.

In the same way some one ought to
try the Carthusian pink (D. Carthusian-
orum), which grows naturally amid grass
and in dry places. It has carmine flowers,
attains eight to sixteen inches (or half the
height of the blood pink) and is considered
one of the easiest to grow.

The dark red pink (D. atrorubens), is
considered a synonym of the preceding
by Bailey, but Correvon says it is an al-
pine form of the Carthusian pink with
taller stems (nineteen to twenty-eight
inches), numerous flowers in large heads,
longer and narrower petals, and a very
deep red.

The broad-leaved pink (D. latifolius )
has the foliage of a sweet William but

50

the flowers are fewer and the cluster
rather ragged. However, it has a large
flower of a very good dark red, and
if the plant is longer-lived than the
sweet William it is worth having in
one’s border.

The most celebrat ed, however, of these
clustered flowers is D. cinnabarinus, for
cinnabar red is a unique color in this genus.
Unhappily this species is probably lost to
cultivation. The name appears in every
good catalogue but I have never been
able to get the real thing and Correvon
says he had it only once and lost it.

CHINESE, JAPANESE OR ANNUAL PINKS

We now come to those little master-
pieces of showiness which “every child
should know” —the Chinese, Japanese or
annual pinks. These will bloom more
quickly and surely from seed than any
other hardy Dianthus, for plants sown
outdoors in April will bloom in August.
It is more satisfactory, however, to sow
them indoors in March and have them
begin blooming in July, or else treat them
as biennials, i. e., you sow them in May or
June in the vegetable garden and trans-
plant them to their permanent quarters
where they will bloom the second year.
Sometimes they will endure a second winter,
but the third season of bloom is not good
enough, as a rule. They are wonders for
producing big masses of color, but unfor-
tunately most of them are nearly or quite
devoid of fragrance.

All these pinks belong to one great
species which the catalogues call D. Sin-
ensis, but which we ought to spell D.
Chinensis, because Linnzeus wrote it so.
The seedsmen love to Latinize the names of
their strains, which is very confusing to a

Sweet William (D. barbatus) has the biggest
flowers of all the clustered varieties and the widest
range of color

56

A cascade of Oheddar pinks (D. cesius). Sow the

seeds in chinks on walls or rocks

beginner, because the following names all
look as if they were distinct species:
D. dentosus, D. diadematus, D. Heddewigi,
D. hybridus, D. wmperialis, D. lacimiatus,
D. semperflorens: It is a big job to test
all these strains and varieties, and I will
therefore offer a few friendly pointers from
my Own experience.

The Japanese pinks (var. Heddewigi)
are the result of centuries of breeding by
Japanese gardeners. They have the widest
range of form and color, but have no
odor worth mentioning and are so tender
that they are practically annuals. The
dwarfs are best for bedding, and the taller
varieties for cutting. The older generation
admired the double sorts, which are about
an inch and a half across and represent
the perfection of formalism, but to me
they seem too fussy, because they have
every kind of variegation, sharp contrasts,
unpopular colors (e. g., Mourning Cloak
and other maroons), and so many teeth
on their petals that they would drive an
artist to the madhouse if he tried to draw
them all. I like better the single flowered
varieties of greater size, simplicity and
dignity, such as Crimson Belle, Eastern
Queen and the Royal pinks. The only
doubles I care to grow again are the
Dwarf Fireball and Dwarf Snowball,
which are consistently colored and good
for bedding. Most of all I value Purity,
a double white flower that really has some
fragrance.

Next in popularity come the fringed
annual pinks (var. laciniatus). Of these, I
like best a large single strain known as
mirabilis, having self-colored flowers nearly
three inches across and with fringes almost
an inch long. The double sorts have
shorter fringes, but last longer, and the
best I know are Snowball and the orange-
scarlet Vesuvius.

The Diadem strain (var. diadematus)
is as artificial as a picotee, being hope-
lessly variegated and having all the petals
rounded off as if any sign of toothing or
natural irregularity were a crime.

p-

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The two following are to be procured
from nurserymen, rather than seedsmen,
and may be regarded as hardy border
plants.

The Amoor pink known to catalogues as
D. dentosus, should be called D. Chinensis,
var. macrosepalus. It has bright red
flowers with a spot at the base of each
petal. This form can be distinguished by
its large sepals.

D. Chinensis, var. semperflorens, is very

interesting because it has fragrant flowers
and silvery foliage. The flowers are deep
pink, with a red eye. It grows in the
Alps according to J. W. Manning. Possibly
this is the plant which Bailey says was
formerly considered a distinct species,
but is now regarded by botanists as a
European form of the Chinese pink.
In that case it might be called the Portu-
guese pink since Bailey’s plant extends
the range of this Chinese species as far
west as Portugal. It ought to prove of
value to hybridizers by putting fragrance
and longevity into the older strains.

GARDEN, SCOTCH, OR GRASS PINKS

We now come to those universal favorites
the common garden, grass, border, or
Scotch pinks (D. plamarius). These are
the ones that are famous for their fragrance,
hardiness, silvery foliage, winter beauty,
and perfection as edging plants. They
are perennial and have flowers about an
inch across which normally bear short
fringes. None of these characters how-
ever, will enable you always to distin-
guish them from the Chinese pinks
when you see them growing in the garden.
The only sure way to distinguish such
highly bred groups is by means of some
technical character, which has nothing to
do with size, color or other points of human
interest. The calyx lobes of D. plumarius
are short, broad and appressed; those of
D. Chinensis are leafy and spreading.
This distinction is of considerable interest
because it enables one to tell at a glance
the long-lived pinks from the short-lived
ones.

One great advantage of the garden pinks
is that whenever we get a variety to our
liking we can perpetuate that identical
thing by division or layering, without
the bother of raising plants from seed and
getting a lot of rubbish. I have grown
about forty named varieties and I must
say that most of the things that breeders
struggle so hard to get appeal to me very
little. To get big flowers and long stems
for cutting, pinks have been crossed with
carnations, but such hybrids are usually
of ugly color, bordering on purple or
magenta, or the stems are floppy, or the
flowers are deadly formal. The most
formal of all — the laced pinks — we never
see in America, but they have been a
passion in England for about a century.
Thank Heaven, they are only for exhi-
bition, but think of 154 varieties of laced
pinks! In America the emphasis is put
on the everblooming pinks, for it is a sad
thing to bid good-bye to pinks in June for

SEPTEMBER, 1911

a whole year. Unfortunately some of
these are too double —they split the
calyx and look very messy. This is true
even of Her Majesty and Mrs. Sinkins.
Others have a top-heavy look and are
beaten down by the rain more than the
single kinds. Others bloom themselves
to death.

The most wonderful of all is Napoleon
III, which blooms so freely from the
middle of June until severe frost that it is
in great demand for solid beds of color.
The color is blood-crimson, not the best
in the world, but the flowers are fra-
grant, and the plant has every other
virtue. In the last week of October, I
saw r000 young plants at Philadelphia,
ninety per cent. of which were in bloom.

One thing a collector should always do
is to try to get the wild original from which
the modern varieties have arisen. The
prototype of the garden pinks is native to
Austria and Siberia; it has merely run
wild in Scotland. This wild pink is a
purple flower, with more of a fringe than
the wild carnation but less than D. superbus,
the cuts being about a fourth or fifth the
length of the petal. It is naturalized
on old walls in England. It bears seeds
freely, crosses readily, and sows itself in
the poorest gravels.

When all is said and done, it is pretty
hard to beat the old, single, white pink
which anyone can get out of a five cent
package of seed. For five cents you can
raise enough plants to edge a garden walk,
and I know nothing more artistic. One of
the fussiest gardening notions ever in-
vented is the foot-wide edging of grass,
for it is a perfect nuisance to keep it trim.
If you have inherited this medieval prac-
tice forget it and try single white pinks.

THE TALLER PINKS

The genus Dianthus is a big one, con-
taining about 250 species, and Correvon

en a SS ORAS: 6s Site

The blood pink (D. cruentus), so called because of
the color of its flowers, which are clustered like
the sweet William, but smaller

SEPTEMBER, 1911

remarks that they “can be classified in two
categories; firstly, the alpine species, the
dwarf, tufted kinds, which spread over the
soil and form carpets of flowers; and sec-
ondly, those with upright stems and an
erect and branching habit.”

To the taller pinks belong all those with
clustered flowers described above. The
three following grow a foot or more high.

The fringed pink (D. superbus) is by
far the most important of the three, since
it is grown almost as commonly as the
Scotch. The original form of it has
lilac flowers with the petals cut below the
middle. It has the same sort of calyx
as the Scotch pink, but js a taller plant,
branched above, less tufted, and begins to
bloom in August, or a month later than
the Scotch. It is easily raised from seed
and is commonly treated as a biennial in
gardens. Robinson says it will live longer
in poor, light soil than in rich, moist soil
and for permanent planting advises a
fibrous loam mixed with sand or grit.
This species is native to woods and thickets
from the Pyrenees to Norway. Iwishsome
one in America would try to naturalize
a colony of it in the woods. It has a
fragrant, five-petaled flower about two
inches across.

The wood pink (D. sylvestris) has small,
red, odorless flowers, with blue anthers,
and petals more or less toothed. ‘There is
also a pink variety, daintily spotted with
blue.

D. Seguiert has lately been offered by
a firm in Rochester, but the color seems to
me objectionable. The flower is of med-
jum size, crimson, toothed, and spotted
purple at the throat.

ALPINE OR ROCK GARDEN PINKS

We now come to the pinks of alpine
habit, i. e., the dwarf, tufted kinds growing
three to nine inches high. The most

~ One of the garden, grass. or Scotch pinks (D.
tlumarius). The variety is Simpiicity, an ‘‘ever-
blooming, hardy pink”’

GOD SINT CANIM dali

famous examples are the Scotch and Chin-
ese pinks, which have been previously de-
scribed. Next to these the most desirable
for general cultivation are the Cheddar
and maiden pinks.

The Cheddar or cliff pink (D. cesius)
is the famous species which tourists go to
see in Somerset, England, where it glorifies
the limestone cliffs at Cheddar. It has
fragrant, rosy flowers about an inch
across with irregularly toothed petals,
and blooms in May or early June. The
flower varies from rose to white and the
foliage from green to bluish. It is some-
times used as an edging plant in gardens,
but the plant has a wilder, more rustic
air than the garden pinks and the most
artistic way to use it is to naturalize it on
rocks or old walls. You can sow the seeds
in a cushion of moss, or mix them with a
little earth and place in a chink between
steps. The way this plant spreads is a
joy.

The maiden pink (D. deltoides) is the
most gem-like species that I have men-
tioned, the flowers being only half an inch
across. They are normally deep red, with
a crimson eye, but I like better the rose or
white varieties with the bewitching little
pink spots, and blue anthers. “It is an
exquisite little plant, dainty, prim and
polished,” said John Thorpe. It is even
more turfy than the Cheddar pink, with
which it makes a fine contrast, as the
Cheddar usually has bluish foliage while
that of the maiden pink is a shining
green. In Europe it is actually used as a
turf and for clothing dry slopes where
grass will not grow. I hope some one in
America will try this experiment, for it
is so easy to work up a good stock. How
pretty these little red or pink flowers would
look in a dry, gravelly pasture, where they
might hold their own for many years!

We must now make a sharp distinction
between the plants of low alpine meadows
and those which grow near the tops of
high mountains. The two low alpine
flowers just mentioned can be grown in
any garden, but the following high alpines
can be grown only in a rock garden.

The alpine pink (D. alpinus) grows only
three or four inches high, but the flower is
relatively large, about an inch across,
bright rosy carmine, spotted crimson,
and with a dark eye. In foliage and
calyx it resembles the maiden pink.

The glacier pink (D. glacialis) has
crimson, odorless flowers, which are over-
topped a third by the grassy leaves. This
and D. graniticus are exceptional as to soil,
Dianthus being a lime-loving genus. The
glacier pink requires a peaty soil containing
plenty of leaf mold.

The neglected pink (D. neglectus) is
considered by most botanists a mere
variety of the glacier pink, but Correvon
says it is very different, having glaucous
foliage and a crimson flower, which is
‘“sreenish below, with bluish shades, thus
accounting for the local name, the Blue
Pink, by which it is known to the mountain

folk of Dauphiny!’ Correvon states that

MAGAZINE

Chinese pinks, fringed varieties (D. Chinensis,

var. laciniatus). This species is often treated as

an annual

it is very easy to grow and has sowed
itself spontaneously in all sorts of corners in
his garden at Geneva. This sounds very
interesting and encouraging, for Geneva
has dryer and hotter summers than the
Alps.

A good many alpine pinks have been
introduced to America since 1900 and are
therefore not described in Bailey’s “ Cyclo-
pedia of American Horticulture.” Two
of these are the rock and the sand pink.

The rock pink (D. petreus) grows only
an inch or two high and has fragrant,
fringed, rose-colored flowers, which are
highly praised by Robinson, who says the
plant seems to escape the wire-worms.

The sand pink (D. arenarius) resembles
the Scotch pink in being a wide spreader,
with bluish foliage and fragrant flowers,
but it grows only three or four inches high
and is more deeply fringed. The petals
are cut below the middle and each has a
faint green mark. This species delights
in sand, and it could doubtless be used with
charming effect in wall gardening.

Any one who wishes to collect species
of Dianthus should possess ‘Carnations,
Picotees and the Wild and Garden Pinks,”
edited by E. T. Cook. The latest mono-
grapher is F. N. Williams who described
all the species in the Journal of the Lin-
nean Society, vol. 29, (1891-’93). His
“Pinks of Central Europe” I have not seen.
Robinson’s “ English Flower Garden” gives
a good account of the high-bred strains,
the methods of propagation, etc.

In conclusion, let me advise the beginner
not to try too many kinds the first year.
And remember that pinks live longest on
banks, walls, or light soil or wherever they
have good drainage. For this reason, it
has long been customary to grow them in
raised beds in gardens. It is an old
practice of English gardeners to mingle
lime rubbish in the soil when they are
growing plants that are native to limestone
rocks.

A Garden of Little Labor and Much Delight

—By Aldred Scott Warthin,

Mich-
igan

STATING THE CASE ON BEHALF OF THE AVERAGE BUSY MAN WHO CULTIVATES A “YARD”
WITHOUT TRAINED HELP— THE KIND OF GARDENING THAT IS RECREATION FOR THE MILLION

Sore years ago I visited a professional
friend living in a suburb of one of
our large cities, and found him in the most
advanced stage of garden mania. Seeds-
man’s and nurseryman’s catalogues of every
description littered his study, and on his
living room table were all of the garden
magazines and journals published in this
country and elsewhere. The talk of gar-
dens occupied the dinner hour, and imme-
diately after that ceremony, which was
rushed to save a remaining hour of day-
light, the guests were led out, and down
a steep descent of over fifty feet to the
garden below, to view the results of our
hosts’s labors with flowers and vegetables.
And it was really worth while.

Last Spring I met my friend again, and
being still a garden enthusiast myself
expected at once an immediate interchange
of garden experiences. Not a word about
that wonderful terrace that was to have
been developed — not a hint of the rock-
garden on the hill side, or of the water-
garden at its foot! At last unable to
restrain myself I asked “‘What about the
garden?”

My friend hesitated, while his wife cut
in with a laugh “For two years we had
a garden, and, as you remember, every
friend visiting the house had to walk down
that hill — and up again — toseeit. The
third year they were only led to the top
of the terrace and merely asked to look
down upon it, while the next year they
were not even taken out of the house,
but were simply told that there was a
garden at the foot of the hill — and this
year there isn’t even that — all has reverted
to grass and bushes—and weeds. And
the garden literature has become automo-
bile literature.”

Now this is unfortunately, I think,
not an uncommon story.. I have known
others —not several, but a goodly number
of professional men — teachers, physicians
and lawyers, who, when the first wave of
the revival of interest in gardens passed
over the country a few years ago, became
tremendously enthusiastic gardeners —
for a year or two. But their vegetable
and flower gardens are now covered with
trim sod, or something worse; garden lit-
erature has disappeared from their tables.
Working in the yard has given way to
golf or automobile riding; and all of these
men are growing older—and a little
stouter or flabbier each year — and needing
the very exercise they have so readily given
up. I have been at some pains to ascer-
tain the real cause of these sudden slumps
in garden enthusiasm, and the answer
in every case is the same “It takes too
much time and too hard work.”

Now my purpose is to show that this is
a mistake and that a garden of great plea-
sure can be had for relatively little time
and labor, and will yield an abundance of
flowers and vegetables at an expense of
just as much hard exercise as a professional
man of middle life ought to have for his
health’s sake. For the mistaken idea
as to the amount of time and labor neces-
sary to have a garden that pays in pleasure
and in vegetable and flower returns, I
believe our gardening magazines themselves
are somewhat to blame. The constant
talk about “cultivate, cultivate’— the
articles that speak of “drifts” of harmon-
ious color, of planting “by the thousand,”
of borders “hundreds of feet long,” etc.
perplex and weary the average American
house-holder of small income and possess-
ing but a small portion of the surface of
Mother Earth, who cannot do these things
—but who, because of this constant
reiteration and their continual staring
in his face, comes to believe that they are
absolutely necessary if one is to have a
garden at all. If he, as is the case with
the majority of us, cannot have a real gar-
dener or at least a man to help about the
yard, he gives the matter up as impossible.

The trouble is that the greater part of
the current garden literature is written for
the owner of a large place and not for the
small householder who needs the garden
more than any one else. I must confess
that personally I have derived but little
real help from the “garden literature” I
have devoured during the past five years
or so. It has been intensely interesting
and enjoyable. Miss Jekyll’s books and
others, a great pile of gardening magazines
and catalogues, I keep on a little table by
my bedside and the last five minutes of
busy days are given to a peep into some
of these, and thereby a rest is secured by
the arousing of a hopeful plan of my own
for my own garden. But very few of the
plans and suggestions given in the litera-
ture have been adaptable to my own needs,
because most of them are beyond my
resources.

Miss Jekyll had fifteen acres, I believe,
and was not content with those; but with
so much ground her ideas of planting for
harmony of color can be carried into effect.
But with all due respect to her and to Mrs.
Francis King, such garden ideals are out
of the question for the very great majority
of Americans who really care for gardens,
for as a rule the real garden lovers in this
country are not people of great means or
of large landholdings, but nearly all of
those that I know are professional or bus-
iness men with tastes much superior to
their incomes. Most of us live in “yards”

58

and it is in the development of the yard
that American gardening will find its
greatest rewards and its greatest influence
upon the development of national life and
character. The American garden will be
an idealized, an improved or an evolved
English cottage garden developed in accor-
dance with the exigencies of our climate,
flora, and national temperament.

Now it is self-manifest that picture-
gardening in Miss Jekyll’s sense cannot
be applied to a small space. To derive
two or perhaps three good impressionistic
garden effects in color during the year is
a result that cannot be secured without
too great sacrifices for the portion of the
season when these effects have faded.
Moreover, while appreciating fully myself
the beauty of such masses and contrasts
and refined harmonies of color as are
possible in picture-gardening, I cannot
believe that the realization of such effects
is the highest garden-ideal or yields the
greatest garden pleasure. Without taking
up that side of the argument, except as
it is illuminated by the general trend of
this article it is sufficient to make my
point at once, that impressionistic color
gardening is not applicable to and is not
desirable for the yard garden, which is
the garden that the great majority of
flower-lovers in this country have to be
content with—if the greatest flower
yield and the greatest amount of pleasure
are considered.

What are the chief considerations of
the yard garden. The first is that it shall
give its owner the greatest possible amount
of pleasure for the greatest length of tume with
the least possible expenditure in time and
money. In the climate of Southern Michi-
gan it is possible to have flowers in one’s
garden during eight months of the year
— indeed, in one favorable year I have
had flowers bloom outside during every
month of the year but January. Now
some people may be so constituted that
they care only for tulips — pink tulips,
or for peonies alone — mauve peonies
we will say, and plant but these and have
once or twice a year a glorious burst of
bloom to enrapture their senses. Such
tastes, to me, are not evidences of true
flower, or true garden love, they are fads,
vagaries born of the neurotic or the “‘artis-
tic”? temperament, and not that whole-
some, healthy love for the poppies, corn-
flower, gilliflowers and stocks of the mixed
flower garden that has been the saving
grace and the inspiration of the Anglo-
Saxon race for centuries. Thereal garden
ought to be a constant reminder of all the
many wondrously beautiful allusions to
flowers scattered’ through English poetry

SEPTEMBER, 1911

and literature. Its atmosphere should be
one redolent of the past associations of
the race and of the family.

To plant separate beds in different
color effects is possible only upon a small
scale. Too large masses of color distrib-
uted in a small garden produce a spotty
or streaked effect—a picture garden is
really good only when —as Miss Jekyll
admits— there is nothing else in sight.
The gradation of color through whites and
blues to the yellows, oranges and reds is also
impossible or unsatisfactory in the small
garden. After trying many things I am
convinced that the mixture of colors
in not too large masses with plenty of
white and blue scattered through to bring
things together is after all the only method
applicable to the small yard garden. It
permits one to have flowers all the year
in the greatest abundance, and all of the
flowers that one really loves. If ugly
magentas and reddish purples are weeded
out there are practically no unpleasant
contrasts, and one need not be too partic-
ular even about these. In the ensemble
they take care of themselves just as they
do in the brilliant patches of color seen
along our railroads.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Such a mixed garden requires a minimum
of labor to secure an abundance of bloom
at every season. With perennials scattered
through it, the spaces between are filled
in with favorite annuals at intervals during
the early and middle summer that Septem-
ber and October may yield their abundance.
A seed-bed and cold-frame are essentials
for eight months of flowers in constant
succession. When one’s plan has fairly
well evolved itself and has been fairly
well carried out so that walks and beds
are in reasonably permanent positions,
the amount of labor necessary to keep a
garden in such shape as to yield a constant
abundance of bloom for itself and for the
house is not great, an average of half an
hour daily will do it well.

It is not necessary to have a garden ab-
solutely free from weeds. If the choice
between garden and weeds must be made,
better have a weedy garden than no garden.
Even in the vegetable garden it is possible
to have better vegetables than one can
buy, all through the season, without
constant cultivation. I cultivate my vege-

table plot rarely and give it about two
thorough weedings during the season.
Except in very dry weather it yields us in

a, * wi } *
wire et NE

59

abundance, although its appearance often
hurts my pride. But I cannot have it
otherwise, as I haven’t the time to do the
work myself and cannot afford a gardener.
Therefore, I say, better a weedy garden
than no garden at all.

Another cause of overwork in the garden
is the desire to have at once an absolutely
finished garden. Take time — take the
remainder of your life to work it out.
Don’t start with a fully developed plan on
paper as the garden experts are always
telling us. Let your garden grow from
year to year, and change things to suit
yourself as your mind changes, which will
be about every year. Gradually your
ideal will become realized, radical changes
will become fewer and you can hope to
pass the sunny hours of old age in a garden
that to you is perfect because of its asso-
ciations with past years.

At first it will be hard to swallow one’s
pride over the unweeded corners and the
unfinished state of things. I confess this
has been my trial, but five years of practi-
cal experience in evolving a garden to a
point where I can say for the first time that
some of its features will be permanent
ones, has taught me to be content with

cee ae

This is the kind of garden that gives its owner real pleasure—a maximum of results with a minimum of labor. In it he grows just what he likes personaily
and strives not after pure color effects at a sacrifice of personal indulgence

60

the inner vision of what will be some day
and to take joy in what the present gives
of good things. I hope I shall be changing
things in my garden as long as I live. A
large part of the pleasure it gives is the
joy of doing —of working, and I wish
never to be without that.

To people who employ others to do their
garden work this is not addressed. I do
not envy them, nor should I wish to have
a garden in which the work was done by
any one but myself. This pleasure in
making the garden by one’s self is perhaps
the greatest factor in that complex psy-
chological state of garden love, and this
again is a strong argument for the small
home garden as opposed to the art exhibit
garden of color harmonies. The work
should not be greater than a busy profes-
sional man can do in his hour or half hour
of physical exercise. My own yard is
three hundred and thirty feet long by a
hundred and thirty at one end, sloping
to less than a hundred at the other. The
house stands on an elevation at the north
end surrounded by old apple trees. The
garden separated from a lawn by a lilac-
hedge slopes to the south; the flower-garden
is about seventy-five feet square, then at
the lowest end of the yard roo x 50 ft. are
given up to vegetables, separated from the
flower garden by a grape trellis. The
vegetable garden supplies a family of seven
throughout the Spring and Summer. The
flower-garden is a mass of bloom throughout
the months from March to October with
occasional earlier and later patches of
flowers. During these months the house
is abundantly supplied and the demand

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

made in this way is no slight one. Great
quantities are also given away. With
the exception of a few days in early Spring
or for some unusually heavy piece of work
requiring two workers, I have done practi-
cally all the work as my regular recreation
in place of tennis, golf or walking. In
every way I have been better physically
for it and I feel that every summer spent
at garden labor is a year of life gained.
As to the relative amount of pleasure
there is no comparison, the favor all being
on the side of gardening. It is the great
antidote for the worry and irritation to
which the strenuous life of the professional
man makes him so prone. Not only does
the gardener himself reap the benefit
but his family and associates as well.
The garden is a great humanizing factor.
As an element in the education and charac-
ter development of young children it holds
in my estimation the very highest place.
All of these things argue for the home-gar-
den in which the work is done by the man
of the house assisted by his family.

Our garden is essentially a home-garden
and not a show place. We plant in it
the flowers we love, each one in abundance.
These are chiefly the so-called ‘old-fash-
ioned”’ garden perennials and annuals, the
Spring flowering bulbs, corn-flowers, pop-
pies of all kinds, peonies, iris of all kinds,
rocket, columbines, larkspurs, coreopsis,
lilies in variety, fox-gloves, campanulas,
daisies, snapdragons, mignonette, gypso-
phila, stocks, sweet William, pinks, holly-
hocks, mallows, nasturtiums, marigolds,
gaillardias, asters, zinnias and hardy chrys-
anthemums.

SEPTEMBER, 1911

The planting is made with but little
reference to color contrasts except in
a few instances and only when it does
not interfere with the rule of the garden
which is to have something in bloom in
every part of the garden all the while. New
things and novelties we try all the time,
looking for some new flower friend worth
while. We even try to produce new varie-
ties of our own — on a very small scale.
Exchanging with other garden-lovers adds
to the store and to the fun.

To articles like those of Miss Jekyll,
Mrs. King and others we of the yard may
turn for pleasure and inspiration, but
their way of doing is not for us, even if
it be the most desirable way of gardening,
which I sometimes doubt. Who wishes
a Whistler nocturne in silver and gray in
his dining room! Who wishes to hear the
“Liebes-tod” every day! There are some
who take it every morning as a pianola-
accompaniment to coffee and toast. Not
so the true music lover! Who then would
wish a “white” garden or a “pink” one
or even a ‘‘mauve garden!”’ Occasionally
one might wish silently and unobserved to
creep into such a harmony of color garden
for a necessary soul catharsis. But who
would wish to stay there always! Amer-
ican life needs now more than anything
else the development of shut in, enclosed
yard gardens in which a family of children
may be brought up in close association
with flowers and all growing things— to
obtain there that insight into the mystery
of life, that balance and poise of mind that
can come only from the close contact with
the earth and nature.

The Fascinating Beauty of Some Cape Bulbs—By A. Herrington, i,

A GROUP OF PLANTS THAT WILL GIVE STRIKING AND UNUSUAL COLORS AT A SEASON WHEN
OTHER BULBS ARE OUT OF FLOWER—SOME WINDOW GARDEN POSSIBILITIES FOR THE AMATEUR

HE South African, or “Cape” bulbs
are spoken of as distinct from the
““Tutch” bulbs because they form a dif-
ferent cultural unit. Broadly, they re-
quire light, not darkness when rooting,
and they make their growth during winter,
resting in summer. They need to be
watered at all times when their foliage
is above ground and to be dried off entirely
as the foliage ripens. It is just because
they need so much watering that so many
window gardeners‘succeed with some of
this group. That they have not become
popular is no doubt due to the fact that
they cannot be merely stuck in the ground
and left to shift for themselves.
They just lack the essential hardiness
that would make them permanently adap-
table for planting in beds and borders.
If you love plants for what they are, and
for the charm and interest they possess,
apart from any consideration as to their
amenability for use in the stereotyped
methods of bulb planting, you will find
among South African bulbs a new field

to exploit, new types of flower beauty
worthy of your best efforts.

I particularly commend them to those who
have gardens in the South and West, where
killing frosts rarely occur, and for thousands
of gardens possessing an ordinary green-
house or frames that afford protection
from actual freezing. Where frost can be
excluded, Cape bulbs are a easy possibility.

THE BLUE AFRICAN LILY

There surely is no more beautiful blue-
flowered plant than the Agapanthus or blue
African lily, yet it isararityin American gar-
dens, although it is hard to imagine why it
should be so. It is capable of most effective
use in tubs or great pots to dispose on ter-
race or beside garden walks as we, for exam-
ple, now use hydrangeas. With our great
summer heat we might plant it in the open
ground in early summer and remove again
to shelter before the advent of severe frost
and enjoy, through the summer months,
its magnificence of flowering. Certainly in
its season there is no blue flower to compare

with its distinctive beauty. The flowers are
borne in umbels upon a stalk two to four
feet in height, each umbel consisting of
from one hundred to two hundred flowers,
appearing from June to August.

There are several forms. The type is
Agapanthus wumbellatus; a giant form,
maximus, is truly magnificent, with enor-
mous heads of deep gentian blue’ flowers,
yet another long lasting variety has double
blue flowers, and a white-flowered form
can also be had. Of dwarfer growth, but
with equal charm, are the varieties Moore-
anus and Sandersonianus. The cultural
requirements are simple: just a good, rich
soil with abundance of water in the grow-
ing and flowering seasons, and winter
storage in a cool greenhouse, or even a
storage house where frost cannot injure
them. The plant is best grown in a tub as
the roots are likely to burst an ordinary pot.

THE GUERNSEY LILIES

On the same umbel plan, but very
much smaller, and in infinite shades of

SEPTEMBER, 1911

crimson and pink are the nerines. Some
have been long in cultivation, and numerous
good seedlings have been raised. They
are essentially greenhouse plants, but
when rightly understood present no special
difficulties of culture. They belong to the
Amaryllis family and have the same
habits i. e. a season of growth, a resting
period when the leaves die off, followed by
a flowering season in advance of leaf
growth. Winter is their growing season
and when growth is completed (this being
indicated by the leaves turning yellow)
water must be gradually, and finally,
entirely, withheld and the pots laid on
their sides. This topsy-turvyness of
growth is the only reason for their not
being really popular. The flower spikes
appear in late summer and fall, and as soon
as they begin to grow, watering must be
gradually resumed. The commonest species
is VN. Sarniensis.
The Guernsey lily
is so called because
it is well and largely
grown on thatisland.
A particularly fine
form is corusca, so
named from the glit-
tering appearance of
its orange - scarlet
flowers. The flowers
are largely grown
in a few of the famed
gardens of New-
port, the flowers be-
ing highly esteemed
for table decora-
tions.

THE BELLADONNA
LILY

A really near rela-
tive and so nearly
hardy that it might
be grown in thou-
sands of gardens if
afforded slight pro-
tection to the roots
from deep penetrat-
ing frost is Amaryl-
lis belladonna. Bulbs bought in
will flower during summer. Its
appear early in spring then die
in late summer or early fall the flower
spikes come up from the ground, attain
a height of from two to three feet, ter-
minating in great heads of rosy pink
flowers, each flower as large as a white
madonna lily, and the effect of a hundred
such spikes of flowers is a revelation of
new and striking beauty coming in glorious
freshness when most summer flowers are
on the wane. Plant in sunny, sheltered
spots to ensure perfect maturity of growth
for subsequent flowering. We ought to grow
quantities of so noble a flower even to the
extent if need be of lifting the bulbs each
year where great severity of winter prevails.

spring
leaves
away;

THE SCARBOROUGH LILY

Looking like a crimson clivea (and like
all the preceding flowering in an umbel

SIEGE GPA EIN

on top of a long stalk), the Scarborough
lily, Vallota purpurea is one of the most
striking of summer bulbs. With winter
care in the house and standing outside in
summer, it is easily grown and always
attracts attention. The rich crimson
flowers are 3 to 4 inches long, produced in
umbels of 6 to 9 and may be 30 to 40 stalks
to one plant. Can you imagine anything
more gorgeous? So nearly hardy is this
that it could be easily cared for through
the winter, yet strange to say we have
failed to realize its possibilities for open
air summer treatment with our glorious
sunshine. When grown at all it is usually

as a window plant and gives the richest
color of any plant grown under such con-
ditions.

The catalogues call this a greenhouse
bulb, but it can be grown by any amateur
even if he does not possess any glass,

Lachenalias, with flowers of greenish yellow, are splendid for the window garden. Pot them now for

flowers in late winter

provided the pot containing the plant
can be kept over winter in a well-lighted
cellar. It must not be kept dry during
the winter, either. In this respect, it is
an exception to the general rule of bulbs.

A GROUP OF DULLER COLORS

There is a peculiar type of beauty in
the Lachenalia or Cape cowslip which may
be likened to a “greenery-yallery,” loose
spiked hyacinth or giant scilla. The subdued
tints run through a wide range of varied
colors green to white, yellows in every
shade with lilac, blue, dull purple and
red in combination. They flower in the
spring and the usual treatment is to pot
the bulbs in August in the pots or pans
in which they are to flower, six to eight
bulbs being put into a 5-inch pot, just
covering the bulb with barely an inch of
soil. Place them in a cool spot but
light, and throughout the winter cool

MAGAZINE

61

treatment is required, with plenty of
ventilation when possible. Strong heat
they do not like, and the cooler they can
be grown, in fact, just to the exclusion of
actual frost, so much the stronger and
better will the flowering be. Try them for
the window garden! They will flower
for a month or two in winter and spring.
The secret of success is to water them
so long as the foliage is growing — then
dry off.

The best known lachenalias are, L. tri-
color, pendula and WNelsoni, a hybrid, of
which there are several forms in the trade.

THE GLADIOLUS

This needs no introduction. South
Africa is the home of a score or more
different species of gladiolus although
few if any of them are in cultivation to-day.
The gladiolus was taken in hand years ago
by the hybridizers,
first in France and
later in England and
America, and so nu-
merous and beauti-
ful are these hybrids
that they have prac-
tically superseded
their progenitors.
Yet among the true
species there are
graceful and pretty
kinds that deserve
to be better known
and more generally
grown. Some are
well adapted for pot
culture and can be
flowered in an ordi-
nary greenhouse;
others may be
panted in the open
ground and given
treatment similar to
that accorded to the
more popular hy-
brids. Some of the
best and most dis-
tinct species are G.
cardinalis, bright
red; G. cruentus, which has a broad open
flat scarlet flower blotched with whitish yel-
low; G. dracocephalus, variously colored in
shades of purplish red, yellow, and green.
G. grandis (also called versicolor) gives a
distinct reddish-brown shade and on ac-
count of the early flowering season (May
and June) must be grown in pots. G.
psittacinus is of interest, too, as one of the
parents of the garden varieties. G. Saun-
dersi was a very popular species in gardens
some years ago, but except in rare instances
it has given way to the hybrids; yet it is
a handsome autumn flower of a rich crim-
son color spotted with white.

Resembling the gladiolus especially in
foliage and flower, but decidedly more
tender, is Watsonia. Quite some interest
was created in this family a few years ago
through the introduction of the white-
flowered W. Ardernei, which might be lik-
ened to a slender white gladiolus, but the

62

interest waned although it is a beautiful
flower especially for Southern and_ for
Western gardens, where a longer season
permits of the bulbs attaining maturity.
My experience with it in the vicinity of
New York was that strong, imported.bulbs
grew well and flowered freely the first year,
but before growth was matured to the
point of having formed the new bulb for
next year’s flowering, the plants were cut
down by frost. This trouble could be
averted by pot culture where the season
is not long enough to complete the cycle
of growth, and the plant is worthy of
special treatment. It is now generally
believed that this fine white Watsonia is a
large pure white variety of W. iridiflora,
which is a true species having rose colored
flowers but varying to palest pink and
occasionally pure white. W. aletroides,
rarely seen in cultivation, has bright red
flowers and W. Mariana, a species common
at the Cape, is generally rose colored. W.
densiflora is a handsome rose-colored species
that has found favor in the past with plant
lovers. When conditions do not favor
open air culture, all the Watsonias make
good subjects for pot culture, planting
several bulbs in a pot. Under control
in this way perfect ripening of the bulbs
is possible so that they may be kept and
grown successfully year after year. They
flower in summer, according to the time of
starting into growth.

TRITONIA OR MONTBRETIA

Also of somewhat similar character to
gladiolus but with flowers much smaller
and more numerous, are the tritonias.
(See July GARDEN MaGazIne, page 380,
for a detailed account). These I have
found are fairly hardy; in fact, from New
York southward it is generally safe to
leave them in the ground if thoroughly
mulched [They are hardy at Bar Har-
bor, Me., under heavy mulch and deep
planting = ae foot (or son Hiden Dnt

tonias are best known in gardens under

The Cape crinums are easily grown and with pro.
tection will thrive in the open border

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Tritonia or Montbretia, with flowers of yellow and
orange, is another almost hardy bulb worth growing

the name Montbretia and the two species
that have come into general cultivation
are M. Pottsi and M. crocosmefiora,
both good for late summer flowering.
The interest that attaches to the species,
however, will probably, as in gladiolus,
give way before the interest that is bound
to arise in the newer hybrids which the
European plant raisers have introduced,
and which our own dealers are now listing
—a dozen or more of striking varieties
far surpassing the parents in size, vigor,
and color effect, with flowers that in-
dividually are three inches or more across
and numerously borne on full, strong
stems. In fact, the new montbretias are
the most remarkable additions to bulbous
flowers in recent years and merit careful
trial. The flowers range in shades of
orange and orange-red.

A FLOWER FOR CUTTING

As a cut flower and for florists’ work,
there is one Cape bulb, freesia (which is
a close ally of the preceding), that has a
firm hold on the public. It is one of the
easiest to grow and may be raised, indeed,
by any one in the winter-time. It is a
good-natured bulb and may be potted
almost any time from August to Feb-
ruary, and will produce flowers corre-
spondingly from Christmas onward. The
earlier the planting the better. During
the summer-time plants must be kept
quite dry, but in a light place until it
is time to start them into growth again.
As a rule, new bulbs are bought each year.
By planting in the window garden dur-
ing spring, flowers can be had six weeks
after starting.

SEPTEMBER, 1911

The only thing to look for in their culti-
vation is plenty of drainage, as it is easy
to overwater them before they begin to
flower. The common form of freesia is
refracta, but a white variety, alba, is more
desirable. A pale yellow form is known as
Leichtlinii. An added attraction to the
freesias is that they possess slightly the
odor of violets. The individual flowers
are two and one half inches long, tubular,
and borne six or eight on a stalk.

THE BRIGHTLY COLORED IXIAS

If you want something quite showy and
in bright, unusual colors, I don’t know of
anything that can excel a collection of
ixias. They belong to the Iris family,
but the flowers are borne loosely along
a stalk a foot long. They are very pretty
when grown in pots, do not require a high
temperature, so can be easily raised in
frames orina window. They are not hardy.
If potted up six or eight bulbs in a 5-inch
pot in October, and kept cool all winter,
the temperature of an ordinary green-
house will suffice to bring them into flower
in April or May. If they are treated care-
fully and dried off after flowering and
ripening, the bulbs may be grown for
several years. Some of the best are J.
maculata, odorata, speciosa, and viridi-
flora, the last having green flowers but
quaintly pretty, others are purple, blue,
red, etc.

Babianas resemble ixias, requiring sim-
ilar treatment. They are hardy in warm
sheltered places in many gardens South and
West, and for pot culture, several bulbs
being put to a pot. They have long been
grown in this way in Europe and so inter-
crossed that the distinctive species are
hardly recognized. Babianas are sold by
dealers in mixed varieties and embrace
many shades of color in red, yellow, and
blue. Some of the Cape species are B.
disticha, sambucina, and _ stricta.

The blue African lily growing in a Rochester
garden. A very decorative porch plant flowering
all summer

Bedding Plants for Next Year—By Edwin Lonsdale,

YOU CAN SAVE MONEY BY TAKING INDOORS THE TENDER BEDDING PLANTS AND HAVE LOTS

OF FUN PROPAGATING THEM DURING THE WINTER MONTHS IN

HE ‘‘bedding”’ plants we shall always
have with us if only because they
give such dazzling brilliancy of color.
Some of us really like them too, for them-
selves and the fact that they are not hardy
and must be nursed is an incentive to
one’s efforts. Of course you may buy
what you need each season — most people
do — but I want to show you how you
can have a deal of pleasure during the
coming winter by home propagation from
the plants that are now growing in your
garden.

Of all the favorite bedders, alternanthera
and coleus are still the most popular for
highly colored foliage effects. The former
has narrow leaves, dwarf habit and stands
shearing well, and is much used as an
edging. It can be had in red and yellow
colors.

We commence putting in cuttings of
these bright-leaved plants any time during
the month of August —the sooner the
better. The material used in which to
put the cuttings to form roots is a mixture
of well decomposed leafmold that has been
sifted through a sieve with a half inch
mesh, and bar sand or any other clean
sand, in about equal proportion in pans
(which are shallow burnt clay flower pots)
or boxes, about three inches deep. The
cuttings are dibbled carefully from half
an inch to an inch apart, and made firm. A
thorough watering is then given to com-
plete the settling process and also to fur-
nish moisture to sustain the young embryo
plant until self sustaining roots have been
formed. During the first few days after be-
ing put into the propagating pans or boxes
it is necessary to sprinkle the cuttings fre-
quently, so as to keep them from wilting,
and they must also be kept shaded from the
strong rays of the sun during the hottest
part of the day; for if cuttings are allowed
to wilt, it is not always an easy matter to
bring them up bright and fresh again.

These cuttings are allowed to remain
in the propagating pans or boxes in a
temperature that is not allowed to go below
55 degrees at night. About the first of
March, and sometimes two weeks earlier,
we prepare a hotbed in what is called a
“coldframe”’ outdoors. This is made with
fresh horse manure — two to two and a
half feet deep, and about three inches of
well pulverized rich soil is placed on the
top of same, the whole being covered over
with hotbed sashes. And when the gen-
erated heat has somewhat subsided, which
will be in two weeks, the rooted cuttings
of the alternantheras are divided, and
each division is dibbled into the soil in
the hotbed, two and a half inches apart
or so, carefully sprinkled with water
through a “‘rose-nozzle,” and the sash put
on again, and, if the sun is very bright,

loose sand may be scattered on the glass
to supply the necessary shade for a few
days. And in these congenial quarters
the plants will thrive amazingly, if all their
wants are intelligently attended to. As
to ventilating the bed, when a temperature
of from 70 to 75 degrees has been reached,
the sashes are drawn down a few inches
from the top, which will allow the excess
heat to escape, and admit some needed
fresh air.

Another method we sometimes employ
is to take up the old plants from the gar-
den before frost and shorten both roots and
tops with a sharp knife and place same
either in pots or boxes, and as soon after
the New Year as possible these plants
are taken out, divided, and placed where
the night temperature never falls below 60
degrees at night.

These plants may also be propagated
in the window garden, provided, the room
in which they are cared for does not go
below the night temperature as recom-
mended above — 60 degrees. The plan to
be practised here should be somewhat dif-
ferent from that carried out in a greenhouse,
and that is not to fill the flower pot to with-
in three and one-half inches of the top, or
sufficiently low down so that a pane of
glass may be placed on it and not touch the
leaves of the little plants. This will check
evaporation and remove all possibility of
wilting. Every morning the glass should be
lifted, and the collected moisture should be
wiped away and within half an hour the
windowpane may be replaced over the
little plants.

Coleus may be handled in very much
the same way, except that we put the
cuttings in clear bar sand, and as soon as
the cuttings are rooted they are potted
into light soil, which is composed of rich
loam, made by mixing a fifth part of
well decayed cow manure to good
fresh soil that has been secured from
an old pasture, if possible. But if not
easily obtainable any good garden soil
will do. If the prepared loam is inclined
to be of a heavy ciay nature, some leaf-
mold will help to make it of the desired
lightness. A generous proportion of sand
may be necessary in order to allow the
water to pass away freely.

When the young plants have grown to a
sufficient length to make a cutting, another
crop of cuttings may be taken and many
of the plants from which the cuttings were
taken are thrown away. This method
keeps the plants more vigorous than if we
kept the cuttings that were rooted in Au-
gust and repotted at intervals. Old plants
of coleus are frequently dug up in early fall,
potted and placed on the window sill in a
warm room, and when the slips have grown
to a sufficient length to be used for prop-

63

THE WINDOW GARDEN

agating purposes, they may be treated as
recommended for alternanthera.

The colors of Girard College, Phila-
delphia, are steel and garnet. For the
latter colors in the beds around the grounds
Tresine Lindent is used. Treated similarly
to coleus, except that it will flourish in a
temperature 5 degrees cooler, it is as easily
handled, and is unique in its color scheme.

The ‘‘old woman” (Artemisia Stelleriana)
furnishes the gray in the college colors.
These cuttings are not put in until Novem-
ber and then they are put into boxes, and
in a temperature that frequently goes to
45 degrees at night. The material is
leafmold and sand in about equal quantities,
in which the cuttings root in a very short
time if they are shaded from strong sun-
shine and never neglected for want of
water. If we need room in the greenhouses
they are put out into a coldframe early
in the year, where they should be protected
from severe frost. From two to three
weeks before they are needed for use out-
doors they may be potted into 23-inch pots
and if given intelligent treatment they
will be just right by planting out time.

For furnishing the “white line” that
is sometimes needed in formal bedding
I think of nothing better than Abutilon
Savitzii —the white variegated flowering
maple. In the distance, especially when
used among plants with dark foliage,
it looks white indeed. On account of its
slower growth than some other of our
bedding plants it has to get an early start,
say not later than last week in August.

The cuttings. are dibbled into sand,
and as soon as well rooted they are potted
into a 22-inch pot, and the temperature
we allow them to grow in is about 55 de-
grees at night. If given a higher tem-
perature they will grow faster and if short
of stock a cutting may be taken from the
tallest plants and rooted and potted in the
regulation way.

Undoubtedly by far the most popular of
all bedders are the many varieties of the
zonal pelargonium or geranium. Cut-
tings of these we generally leave until
September before taking, and then they
are put into clear sand and kept cool.
After they have been firmly dibbled into
the sand, a good watering is given. Cut-
tings must always be watered through a
rose. After that geraniums will not need
much water, except that the leaves may
be sprinkled occasionally. This class of
plant being of a succulent nature, if too
much water is given they are more likely
to rot than to root.

Slips, or cuttings, as florists and gardeners
generally call them, may be propagated
during the late fall with more certainty
than at any other time, provided that their
wants are carefully attended to.

A combination of foliage and flowers. Dutchman’s pipe and honeysuckle

The annual Japanese hop has much more beauty than a plain board fence

Vines With Ornamental Foliage or Fruit —By W. C. McCollom, ¥

TWO-PURPOSE VINES THAT HAVE DIFFERENT PHASES OF BEAUTY—WHY HAVE SO MUCH
UGLINESS AROUND WHEN THERE ARE FRUITING ANNUAL VINES THAT COVER QUICKLY ?

olLece vines are especially adapted
for stone or brick buildings, as
they look more at home there than flower-
ing ones. They are also valuable for
working in with flowering vines having poor
foliage, and no other class of vine gives
such good autumn colors. Foliage vines
can be pruned at any time of the year, but
spring is the better time for transplanting.
They should have a good, rich soil if
they are to produce a luxuriant growth.
Hardy vines which bear ornamental
fruit are almost as good as evergreens
for winter effect. In fact, one of the
best winter effects I ever have seen was a
combination of the English ivy and the
bittersweet. The dark green of the ivy
formed a background for the curious little
orange-scarlet seed pods of the bittersweet.

All the woody, ornamental, fruiting vines
here mentioned, flower on new wood and
should, therefore, be pruned moderately
in early spring. That is also the best
season for transplanting them.

Because of their value as free producers
of fruit, I have included a number of annual
vines. They are far too little used indeed;
miles of bare fences might easily be made
attractive by putting a spadeful of manure
at each post and sowing a few seeds of
gourd or other annual fruiting vine.

For its leaves, which turn to the most
enchanting shades in fall, and for its ex-
treme hardiness and durability in large
cities, the ampelopsis is the best of all
foliage vines. All kinds of ampelopsis
are thrifty growers, and, if properly
planted require little, if any, attention.
Being self-clingers, they are among the
very best vines for stone or brick build-
ings, sticking with great tenacity. They
will grow well in full sunlight, but a semi-
shade, or even a northern exposure, brings

out the best colors in autumn. Ampelop-
sis requires no pruning other than cutting
away from windows and doors. Although
it responds readily to good soil, I have
seen plants growing quite well in plain
beach sand. Young plants can be raised
by layering.

Absolutely hardy and with beautiful au-
tumn foliage is the Boston, or Japanese, ivy
(Ampelopsis tricuspidata). In large cities,
where the dirt and smoke are almost in-
variably very harmful to plant life, this
vine thrives remarkably well. The fall
coloring is enchanting, shifting from green
to the various shades of yellow, orange-
yellow, orange-crimson, and crimson. Some
leaves are even blotched with pure white.

This vine clings by means of discs, and
is a very vigorous grower. It has been
found growing on church spires over one
hundred feet in the air, and still ascending.
The profusion of small, blue-black berries
adds to its attractiveness in the fall.

For use on frame buildings, to which
it clings with long straggling shoots
hanging down in great festoons, the Vir-
ginia creeper (Ampelopsis quinquefolia)
is valuable. In the fall, the berries, al-
ways freely produced, are very attractive.
The vine holds better if a little poultry
wire is stretched over the object to be
covered, in which case the disc-bearing
tendrils cling to the support. If this help
be given, the vine can also be used on
stone or brick buildings. It does not color
so vividly in the fall as the Boston ivy,
although the foliage assumes a beautiful
shade of red.

There are numerous good varieties of
this vine, differing more or less in minor
points. A. quinquefolia, var. radicantis-
sima is of closer-growing habit than the
type. It is the loose, straggling growth

64

of the Virginia creeper which to most
persons is so pleasing. A good variety
for planting beside a green-leaved vine,
where the glaucous foliage stands out very
prominently, is var. murorum. With
small leaves and especially valuable when —
a good fall color is desired, is var. Engel-
manni, a new variety. A variety with
very shiny leaves, especially adapted for
planting on dark-colored buildings, which
bring out the contrast, is var. latifolia.
The best autumn varieties of this species,
with foliage remarkable for their color,
approaching very closely to the Boston
ivy, are vars. Grebneriand vitacea. Both
bear an abundance of blue-black berries,
which stay on the vine most of the winter.

For damp, shady locations, where the
best colors are brought out in the fall,
when its clusters of berries of a peculiar
bluish tint are also very attractive, is
A. heterophylla, a very vigorous grower
closely -allied to the grape.

For a screen of heavy foliage few vines
will compete with the Dutchman’s pipe
(Aristolochia macrophylla), with its enor-
mous, dark-green, sombre leaves. This
is a vigorous grower, is never troubled
with insects or disease, and if given a good
soil and abundance of sunlight it will
attain a height of fifty feet or more.

The plant is also a good twiner, and will
climb any suitable support. It is especi-
ally good for mixing in with other small-
leaved vines that will stand some shade.
The large leaves stand out, and leave the
small-leaved forms close to the support.

For lamp posts or dead tree-trunks in
sunny positions, the small, dark-green
foliage of the silk vine (Periploca Graca)
is very ornamental. The peculiar brown-
ish-purple flowers produced in June are
also attractive and very fragrant. When

SEPTEMBER, 1911

growing on screens, the small foliage is not
seen to advantage; but on an upright sup-
port it is very showy. It is a good twiner,
a vigorous grower and will attain a height
of fifty feet. It does best in a good, sunny
location and a rather light soil. The nar-
rower leaves of the variety angustifolia are
preferred by many people; in other par-
ticulars the plants are identical.

Where a heavy, dense planting is sought,
few vines will give such a rough, natural
effect as the frost, or chicken grape (Vitis
cordifolia). This is a very tall grower
and in shady places will grow upright
until it eventually reaches the light, even
if the distance be one hundred feet. The
berries are numerous and small; the foliage
is wooly underneath, and, when it turns
in the fall, makes a wonderful display.
Another excellent variety is the fox, or
skunk grape (V. Labrusca). This variety
is likewise a tall grower and also will

Gourds are rapid growers and have an infinite

variety of forms. Dish rag gourd
exceed one hundred feet. The berries,
which are a rich, amber color, are larger
than in the former variety but not so
numerous. There are a great many
varieties of the wild grape which make
attractive decorative vines. They are all
very hardy, require no attention other
than planting, and are all good plants for
autumn color.

For a quick effect, either as a screen
or for covering buildings, few vines can
approach the Kudzu (Pueraria Thun-
bergiana). ‘This vine will cover a building
fifty feet high in two years, and, after it
is once established, will grow as much as
sixty feet in a single season. It is generally
classed as an herbaceous perennial, killing
to the ground each winter in the latitude
of New York, but that is erroneous. On
the south shore of Long Island, with a
southern exposure and absolutely no pro-
tection, it stood the heavy winter of

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

1903-04. Every spring it sends out strong
shoots that, before the end of the season,
grow to the top of the roof of the building
on which itis trained. This plant demands
sunlight. The foliage is a good green, but it
succumbs to the first frost and has no au-
tumn colors. It is easily transplanted, and
young plants can be raised by layering.

The bittersweet (Celastrus scandens)
deserves to be cultivated more generally.
It is especially good in semi-shade, its
foliage being remarkably pretty, with the
body of the leaf dark green, and the rim
and outer edge tinted brilliant scarlet.
The little clusters of white and black-
centred blossoms are so hidden by the
foliage that you must get close to the vine
in order to see them. After the foliage
has fallen, the vine is one mass of curious
little scarlet berries, with a reflexed outer
covering of orange yellow.

The bittersweet is a good twiner and
easily reaches a height of thirty feet.
It is never troubled with insects or disease,
and, on the whole, is the best of all hard-
wooded vines with ornamental fruit. Prun-
ing should be done in early spring; cutting
severely if flowers and fruit are desired,
but for foliage prune moderately.

An ornamental fruited vine for extremely
sunny situations, but one useless in the
shade, (where it is always covered with
mildew) is the matrimony vine (Lycium
Chinense). The small red berries are
produced in abundance along the long,
thin, drooping, lateral branches. It is
a twiner, but a poor one and needs assis-
tance. It flowers on new wood and should
be pruned close in early spring. It
can be transplanted in spring or fall, or
young plants can be raised by layering.
Very like this but not quite so vigorous is
L. halimifolium, with more yellowish fruit.

An annual vine especially fine for cover-
ing fences, is the gourd (Cucurbita Pepo,
var. ovigera). In the fall, after the leaves
are gone, the fruit is decidedly ornamental.
The foliage is a good shade of green and
the vine grows with astonishing rapidity.
Another good trait is that it does not seem
to show the effects of either excessively
dry or wet weather, but keeps growing
until checked by frost. The gourd climbs
by tendrils and can ascend almost
any kind of an open-work fence. In
sunny locations it attains a height of ten
to twelve feet. The seed should be sown
in the greenhouse in March, or out of doors
toward the end of April.

A plant closely allied to the gourd, and
useful for the same purposes, is Coccinea
cordifolia. Its ornamental fruit, of a
vivid scarlet makes it a good companion
vine for the gourd. The culture of both
plants is the same.

Because of the inflated seed sacs that
give it its name, Cardiospermum Hali-
cacabum is a great favorite with children.
It is a fairly good foliage plant and in a
sunny location is worth a trial. This
vine is an annual and very tender; there-
fore the seed should be sown in the green-
house about the middle of March and the

Wild cucumber, a rapid growing annual, is strik-
ing in both flower and fruit

plants set out in permanent quarters the
middle of May.

If you wish to furnish the children with
some amusement, grow the squirting cu-
cumber (Ecballium Elaterium). This vine
throws its seeds at a person upon the
very slightest touch. In foliage and gen-
eral makeup it greatly resembles the cu-
cumber. Usually it is treated as an annual
and trained to a fence.

Another great favorite with children
is the wild cucumber (Echinocystis lobata)
which has prickly, inflated vessels. It
is also useful as a quick screen, but its
leaves turn brown very early. The vine
is an annual.

The bottle gourd is not only an effective covering
to a post or dead tree, but the fruits are useful

Taking” the Chrysanthemum Bud —By I. L. Powell, %

A SIMPLE EXPLANATION OF THE MYSTERIOUS PROCESS BY WHICH THE FOUNDATION IS
LAID FOR THE FINE BLOOMS OF NOVEMBER—JUST HOW YOU TOO MAY GET SHOW BLOOMS

IGHT now is the critical time for
the chrysanthemum grower. ‘“Tak-
ing the bud’ —that is, the selecting of
the individual bud that is to, make the big
bloom of November —is done from the
middle of August on. “Taking the bud”’
means selecting the bud that is to be re-
tained and removing all others. The
best time to do this varies with the different
varieties, and has to be decided largely
by experience. A safe rule for the begin-
ner is to “‘take”’ no bud before August 2oth.
As to the bud, the growing tip of the
plant will appear to divide, and instead of
a single stem continuing to grow, there
will be (generally) three branches growing
from the top of the plant. In the axil
of these branches will appear a small,
elongated bud. This is the ‘“‘crown bud,”
important in the production of first-class
chrysanthemum blooms.

There are always in cultivation a few va-
rieties on which the crown bud produces
an inferior bloom, but with most varieties
blooms produced from crown buds, selected
at the proper time will prove superior,
other things being equal. The question
of whether the crown bud shall be used
or discarded will occasionally depend upon
the variety producing it, but generally
upon the date on which it makes its appear-
ance. This matter will be fully discussed
farther on. To get first-class exhibition
blooms, it is important that the crown bud
be selected whenever it appears at the
proper time. Blooms of the same variety
will often be fully one fourth larger from
crown than from terminal buds. They
will also be fuller and of better substance,
and the stem and foliage will generally
be better, although some varieties develop
a long bare ‘‘neck”’ just below the bloom
when the crown bud is used. Blooms of
pink varieties sometimes lack color when
crown buds are used, but this also is not
a serious objection, if the bud has not
been taken too early.

If it is desired to “ take” the crown bud,

The ‘‘crown”’ bud which produces generally the
largest blooms, but sometimes lacks foliage

all ‘the little branches that have started
to grow about it must be removed before
they are an inch long, care being taken
that the bud is not damaged in doing so.
The point of a small knife blade is a good
instrument for doing this work. If the
branches are not removed, the crown bud
will not develop, the branches appropriat-
ing all the substance necessary to its devel-
opment.

When a crown bud is formed early in
August and is not taken, the branch that
is let grow will produce what is called a
second crown bud. This differs slightly
from the first crown bud in having short
“terminal” growths about it, and they
show buds at the same time as the crown
bud; almost as soon as the latter can be
seen. This second crown bud will gener-
ally make a first-class bloom. While per-
haps not quite so large as a bloom from
the first crown bud, it will be better
finished.

If the time is not propitious, or if for
any other reason it is desired that either of
the crown buds shall be discarded, remove
all branches that have started from
the top of the plant except the strongest
and best one, allowing this to remain and
develop. Generally this will grow for
three or four weeks, and then produce
three or four globular or slightly flattened
buds in a compact cluster. These are
known as “‘terminal’’ buds, so called
because they terminate the plant’s season
of growth and if they are all removed
the plant will produce no flowers. If
it is desired to use a terminal bud for pro-
ducing a bloom, all the buds of the cluster
are removed except the central or largest
one. The same method may be used for
removing these as was advised for the

ee i Fo

Removing ‘‘ terminal’’ buds, or ‘‘ taking the crown”’
bud. Be careful not to do any injury

66

crown bud, and the same care must be
taken in order that the remaining bud be
not damaged. Thus it will be seen that
“taking” the bud is merely selecting and
deciding which bud to retain. The opera-
tion of removing the discarded buds and
growths is called “disbudding.”

Disbudding should never be done during
the heat of the day, as the growth is then
wilted and tough, and there is greater
danger of damaging the remaining buds.
Tf done in the early morning or during
cool, cloudy weather, while the growth
is firm, the buds will snap out very easily.

The question of whether to take the
crown bud, or allow the plant to grow and
develop a terminal bud, can only be de-
termined by the judgment of the operator
in each individual instance. A general
principle that may be used as a guide
is that cool, dry weather conditions tend
to hasten the formation of buds, and
vice versa. In the northern hemisphere
the chrysanthemum generally ‘forms its
buds during the months of August and
September. In the southern hemisphere
they would be formed in February and
March. In the vicinity of the fortieth de-
gree of North latitude, and in the eastern
part of the United States, the earliest
date on which crown buds of the best mid-
season or late exhibition varieties may be
taken with reasonable assurance that they
will develop good blooms is August 15th,
and only a very few varieties will develop
satisfactory blooms from buds taken be-
fore the twentieth. Crown buds of early
flowering varieties may be taken as early
as August 1st with reasonable assurance
of producing good blooms. Farther north,
or when grown at a high altitude, they
might possibly be taken a few days earlier;
while farther south they could not be taken
so early. There is sometimes considerable
difference between plants of the same
variety grown in the same locality by
different growers.

AF” *%- A :
2

Result of not taking the bud.

The terminal
shoots are sapping strength. The crown may yet
be taken however

THE CHILDREN’S FALL EXHIBIT,
GIVING DEVICES TO HELP IN ITS
MANAGEMENT—HOW TO KEEP CUT
FLOWERS—MONTHLY SUGGESTIONS
FOR WORK—CROPS CHILDREN MAY
PLANT THIS FALL FOR SPRING USE

Conducted by

ELLEN EDDY SHAW
New York

Exhibits

ae matter of exhibits finally resolves

itself into one of mechanics and
art. The mechanical side has to do with
the methods used in preparing for the
exhibit, while the art side has to do with
the arrangement of the exhibit (both the
individual or single exhibit) and the lay-
out as a whole.

In considering the first of these aspects
or the mechanical we have to keep in mind
that a small school exhibit may be managed
with little red tape. Perhaps the following
suggestions for the larger exhibit may be
cut down for the smaller one. Make out
a list of classes. For example, a prize
will be offered for the best collection of
garden flowers, or for the finest display of
zinnias not less than thirty to the bunch,
or for the best collection of vegetables
of not less than fifteen varieties. Letter
the classes A, B, C, etc. Decide on the
prize for each class. It may be that you
will decide on a first prize of fifty cents;
second, twenty-five cents; and third, an
honorable mention. After such lists are
made out post them in the school-hall or
have them printed in the local papers.
Then the children know exactly what to
expect and what they wish to compete for.

Next place a standard. That is, an-
nounce that all exhibits are to be properly
bunched, vegetables cleaned, and plain
glass receptacles brought for the flowers.
This last, of course, may be attended to
by the committee in charge.

Such a card as this Cleveland one here
shown is a good mechanical device. It
is plain, simple, easy to read and to handle.
Such cards as these may be made out by
the exhibitor himself. If a type form is
displayed at school the children can easily
make them. Why not have this done in
the school printing shop next winter?
If you have no shop it could be handled by
the art department as a lesson in lettering.

Finally, have a definite time when
exhibits will be received, and at a given
limit of time receive no more. If entries
come straggling in and there is no real
limit of time it is very difficult to work
out the second point of the exhibit work,
which is arrangement.

This latter is really an artistic matter.

bx.

One may divide the place of exhibit, having
one side for vegetable exhibits and the
other for floral ones. Some exhibits are
arranged so that tables or sections of tables
are given up to the individual or an individ-
ual school. As far as possible break up
clashing color effects. The vegetable ex-
hibit gives little trouble. Foliage helps
here and vegetable coloration is not over
brilliant. Masses of green help out
wonderfully in the flower section. Artistic
arrangement is far more difficult a thing
to accomplish than one might imagine.
This is due largely to the heterogeneous,
spotty effect which is so hard to overcome.
Simple white vases or glasses help as
does the addition of much green matter.
How to keep cut flowers is another
problem. Pick them, if possible, early
in the morning of the exhibit day. The
object is to have as much water in the stems
of the flowers as they will hold. Flowers
may be picked at night and left in a large
receptacle of water until morning. This
may be done if the flowers are to remain
at the exhibit over night. Thus left in a
large amount of water they will be fresh
again for the second day of exhibit. It
is claimed that flowers with porous stems
will iast longer if a small piece of charcoal
is put In the vase with the water. Faded,
wilted flowers are not prize winners.

Menthly Suggestions

HERE are things to do in the garden
now besides mere clearing up.

(1) Bend all the energy of the tomato

plant to ripening its fruit. Pinch back

Exhibitors’ Card
GARDEN FESTIVAL
Sept. 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 1911
ldpavlloniworrs? IN@s 5 5 6 6 6 ooo pe Be

This card must be fastened to and
placed in the plate with your exhibit

All the facts necessary for an entry to the exhibit
are on this card

67

the growing ends of vines and cut off all
the lower leaves on the stalks. Expose
the fruit to the sun rays. Watering with
liquid manure will push on the good work.

(2) If parsley is sown now in the garden,
the little plants may be taken up and
brought indoors, but leave them in the
ground as late as possible. Then trans-
plant to boxes. This is your winter
parsley garden.

(3) Some of you real garden children
might like to plant a crop or two for early
spring. Welsh onions, salsify and corn
salad may be planted as soon as you
receive this magazine. In iate fall, just
before frost, cover these new plants with
a light litter of leaves. Next spring un-
cover and you will find them in advance
of the rest of your garden. The leaves of
the Welsh onions are used for seasoning
purposes.

(4) The geranium bed may now receive
attention. It is an excellent time to slip
the old plants. Choose a big, over-grown
fellow. Take a cutting from each one
of the thick shoots. Cut just below a
joint a piece four inches in length. Take
off all leaves except the two extreme tip-
end ones. These cuttings may be started
in ordinary garden soil. Firm them well.
They will make satisfactory winter house
plants.

(5) It is possible to take up verbena
plants for winter.

(6) Cuttings may be made from the
heliotrope. These make sturdy winter
plants too.

(7) If you wish to plant some evergreens
do so at once. There is a bit of time left
in August. This is a good planting time
just now. It takes an evergreen a little
time to get settled so don’t delay too
long.

(8) Do not forget to take a picture of
your fall exhibit for THE GARDEN MAGa-
ZINE contest. Take a picture of your
garden as well. These pictures are a
necessary part of the matter which must
be handed in with the report. If your
garden returns have been small do not be
discouraged and drop out of the contest.
You may win yet. The individual prizes
are garden books and magazine subscrip-
tions. The group prizes are The Nature
Library and The Garden Library.

68

(Eprtor’s Note.—We want to know how suc-
cessful workers do things in order to put actual
experiences before our thousands of readers in all

parts of the country. Every reader is invited to con-
tribute a short note on some interesting experience.
Just state the facts about some ingenious idea that you
have actually worked out yourself or have seen.)

Hardy violets in 30° below

Double English violets that are
perfectly hardy in a climate where the
mercury goes to thirty-six below zero
seems a dream, but unlike most dreams
it has come true. I bought one dozen
plants three years ago, and paid $4.00 a
dozen for them. I watched them and
tended them with as much care as one would
a baby, and now I have over one hundred
plants all in full bloom, as large, as double,
and as exquisite in perfume as any you can
buy from the florist in winter. For a
border, nothing could be more beautiful.
Has any one ever tried them? And if
so, has she been equally successful? —
Mrs. F. W. G., Pennsylvania.

The woody nightshade

I have always been a great admirer
of the common woody nightshade (Sol-
anum Dulcamara) in the wild; es-
pecially when the berries that follow the
bluish blossoms have turned bright red
and look luscious enough to eat, despite
their reputation of being poisonous. I
never realized the possibilities of this
nightshade under cultivation, however,
until last October, when I ran across a
plant that, I fancy, had spread to the
extreme fulness of expression. It covered
completely a space six feet square, and
there having been no frost, was in perfect
condition. No end of the berries fairly
glowed from the mass of foliage, and here
and there peeped out a thin bunch of be-
lated flowers. The sight suggested the
value of the nightshade on banks or the
top of sustaining walls. I have never
known children to eat the berries or those
of the black nightshade (S. migrum),
which also is said to be poisonous. Neither
of them is the so-called deadly nightshade:
that is Atropa belladonna, a_ related
European perennial with bell-shaped
blossoms of a deep purple. It seems that
in Wood’s day Solanum Dulcamara, and
not Celastrus scandens, was called “bitter-
sweet,” which is natural enough in view
of the old generic name. It belongs to
Europe, but long ago was naturalized
here.— C. C. B., New York.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

An untamed rose

Is there any way to prune rugosa rose
bushes and prevent them from becoming
straggly? I tried cutting them back, but
the only result was a stump, while new
shoots came from the roots. Nurserymen
have been unable to tell me how to induce
the plants to branch. They are good when
they grow naturally, but would be better
if thickened up a little.— K. L., Illinois.

The blue monkey flower

A few years ago I was agreeably sur-
prised to find in the hardy garden of
a neighbor a plant of the blue monkey
flower (Mimulus ringens). It had been

taken from the edge of a neighboring
ditch. With plenty of room, it had devel-
oped to the maximum size, and with its
many blue, or rather violet-purple, blossoms
was really handsome.

I have since tried

The blue monkey flower (Mimulus ringens) is a good
perennial to transplant from the wild

the same experiment with this perennial,
bringing home young plants which begin
to flower when less than a foot high. As
the plant is not sightly after its summer
blooming, it is rather better for naturalizing
than for the border. One plant, I find, is
enough for the latter. The blue monkey
flower grows naturally in wet places, from
the Maritime Provinces to the Southwest,
but it does not appear to mind ordinary
garden conditions. — H. S. A., Connecticut.

Figs in a cold climate

About six years ago I planted a tiny
fig tree by the south wall of our
house. Since then, I have tried different
methods of winter protection, but each
year (with the exception of one) the tree
has died back to the ground. By putting
two headless barrels, one above the other,
and fastening them rigidly together we
saved the tree for one year, anyway. The
tree inside the barrels was surrounded by

SEPTEMBER,.1911

straw and manure, and a cover was put
on over the top. Only the ends of the
branches died that year. Considerable
growth was made the following summer
and the tree was full of ripe figs when frost
came last summer, after no winter protec-
tion. Had I allowed only three or four
of the branches to grow from the ground
and thinned the fruit, they would have
ripened. The ripe fruit is yellowish, with
pink flesh, and is very sweet. The tree is
decidedly ornamental, having immense,
handsomely shaped leaves of a beautifulirich
green.— Mrs. G. F. M.S., New York.

Sihnwis from seed

Raising the althea (Hibiscus Syriacus)
from seed is easy. A bush with single
flowers will scatter its seeds widely, and
many plants will come up around the parent
stock. These altheas bloom when two
years old and only a foot or two high. A
group makes an attractive planting. I
now have a pretty, white-flowered, single
althea, a seedling from a named lavender
variety, which is far prettier than its
parent.— M. S., Illinois.

An excellent yellow perennial

Although the fleabane is one of the
oldest of cultivated plants in this country,
it is not at all common in gardens.
Nowadays there are several good varieties
to be had. One of the best is Inula grandi-
flora. It grows about two feet high, has
handsome foliage and the blossoms, like
immense orange daisies, are exceedingly
effective in the hardy border. They are
produced through the summer and into
September. I also grow the elecampane
(I. Helenium), an old-fashioned New
England horse remedy that occasionally
brightens up a roadside in our part of the
country. This is much taller and has
smaller blossoms. I rather like it in the

garden, but down our way I seem to be the
only one that does.— W. C., Massachusetts.

Of the newer fleabanes, Inula grandifiora, is a
showy perennial suitable for the hardy border

at

Canning Fruit for Winter
By M. Roperts Conover, New Jersey

S DISTINGUISHED from rich
preserves, the ordinary process of
canning aims to save the natural flavor
of the fruit, with only sugar enough to
make it palatable and sufficient cooking to
make it tender —a more wholesome pro-
duct than that preserved with the bor-
rowed flavor of spices. Sound fruit that
is right to eat is right tocan. Flat, flavor-
less fruit, or that which is underripe,
requires longer cooking and added flavors
to render it agreeable to the taste.

The quantity of sugar for canning fruits
of ordinary sweetness is one half a pound
to each pound of fruit; and for preserving,
three quarters or one pound of sugar to
each pound of fruit.

Firm fruit that is to be cooked in a
kettle and dipped into the jars requires
water enough to float it, the sugar be-
ing added about ten minutes before
dipping it.

Pears, apples and peaches, if pared
long before cooking and exposed to the
air, deteriorate in color and flavor.

Soft, yielding fruit such as plums, if
dipped, should be allowed to stand twelve
hours in syrup before cooking. It toughens
them. Covering fruit during cooking pre-
serves its color.

It is far more satisfactory as to form
and color to cook the fruit in the jars.

at |

They do not require the long boiling of
vegetables — one hour is sufficient.

The fruit is put into the cans cold and
covered with water in which the right
amount of sugar is dissolved. In the
case of plums and peaches, I find that one

For all the larger fruits the wide-necked jars are
especially convenient for keeping the fruit whole

teacupful of sugar to each jar of fruit
sweetens them agreeable and saves the
trouble of weighing.

The covers are adjusted and the cans
set in a tank of water, as described for

canning vegetables in the June issue of
THE GARDEN MAGAZINE.

For fine appearance and quality nothing
surpasses the fruit canned whole. The
wide-mouthed jar answers splendidly for
canning fine large peaches and pears as
well as other fruits. If you use the kind
not requiring a rubber ring it is a great
convenience, as the jars do not have to
be opened after cooking as do jars of other

types.

What Do You Think?

AN EXPRESSION of opinion by an

interested reader is always welcome.
Our aim is naturally to give satisfaction
to the greatest number of our readers, and
with their aid we try to make the text
of this magazine expressive of their desires.
We had thought that this special page
might fill a vacancy in the rounding out
of our idea of the garden and the home.
But perhaps we have been mistaken;
one letter just received from a subscriber
in Philadephia says:

Will THe Garpen Macaztne publish a reason
for giving up space to ‘‘ The Housekeeper ?’’ Do
not the many subscribers agree with me in saying
that they buy this paper for garden information,
not for cooking recipes or to learn how to cut down

husband’s pants for Willie at a maximum cost of
ten cents.

And as we really want to know, we ask
you, ‘‘How about it?”

All conveniences should be kept in built-in compartments. Such a kitchen,
neatly finished in hard wood. is easy to keep immaculately clean

And the wrong way is to have everything hung against the walls or set upon
shelves in plain view, to catch the dust.

This gives an untidy appearance

THE RIGHT AND WRONG ARRANGEMENT IN KITCHENS

69

Amateur Cold Storage

HE Southern grown “fresh ripe” tomatoes
of our markets after midwinter are picked
green, wrapped each in a large piece of unglazed
paper, laid carefully in splint carriers in, crates,
shipped green, and kept by wholesaler or retail
marketman to turn “ripe” for sale. These
vegetables are wholesome, attractive looking, and
in taste range from fair to good. They do not,
however, commonly appear in markets before
the end of January.

For three seasons I have experimented with
storing garden-grown tomatoes in an ordinary
cool cellar for winter use. I take large perfectly
green tomatoes (few-seeded, like Stone or
Ponderosa for choice), from the vine, wipe
well, and wrap each in a piece of newspaper
12x 40 in. folding in ends to exclude air and to
cushion the fruit. When the tomatoes are wrapped
I lay them closely on the shelves of a wall closet
in the cellar, or in an old strawberry crate or two.
Crate and shelves are cushioned and lined
with folded newspaper. For long keeping, it is
not desirable that a second layer be piled on the
first; though if the tomatoes were being prepared
for the Thanksgiving market, say, by an enter-
prising farmer or farmer’s wife, they might lie
three or four deep on the shelves without loss by

DH GAR DEEN

bruising. In storing several bushels, slightly
better results were obtained from the shelves where
the green fruit was wiped with cloths wrung out
of very weak boracic acid water than from shelves
of fruit wiped dry or not wiped at all. Paraffin on
the stem scar is occasionally recommended, but
I have this year lost every tomato paraffined and
almost none of the wiped-and-wrapped; so that
I am able to testify that paraffin does not “‘keep
out the germs.” Perhaps I should say that no
frost bitten, bruised, or pricked tomato is worth
storing, and no tomato that has grown or been
laid touching cheeks with another which has
“black rot.”

When the wrapped fruit is spread, cover the
whole with newspapers and leave in darkness; but
the crates or boxes, if such are used, should be
raised high above the cellar floor. The floors and
all the dust of an ordinary cellar (where cider,
vinegar, apples, potatoes, earth-boxes of beets or
carrots or chard, old flower pots, old barrels, pickle-
crocks, spare baskets and measures, all spend the
winter together in musty sleep) is full of mold-
seeds and ferment seeds. By implication, then, it is
good sense to keep the fruit in a closed cupboard
out of drafts; to unwrap the ripening fruit very
rarely and only when some ripe specimens are
needed above stairs; and finally to come to the
unwrapping with clean hands, and to touch always
the paper rather than each fruit as the search goes
on and green tomatoes are put back in place.

For the reasons outlined above concerning
cellar storage of tomatoes in an ordinary dwelling
house, both apples and Hubbard squashes keep
longer and better when well wrapped. Large
paper bags tied outside the stem end of a squash
will greatly lengthen the keeping-term of the
vegetable; but the squash should be well washed
and dried first, and then stored on a table or board
so that the dampness of cement or earthen floor
shall not rot the paper underside, tear the bags,
and break quarantine. Winter and spring varieties
of apples should be wrapped in good strips of news-
paper or unglazed paper, at least 12x 40in. and
packed in boxes or barrels. With King or Northern
Spy the loss by decay is nothing up to Christmas.
With'the good old Russet, large apples may be
kept to June; but after the first warm weather

For three seasons fruit and vegetables have been successfully stored, for winter use, in this cellar

MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1911

of April, apples of any sort run much more risk
of being killed and eaten than of ripening to decay.
With other sorts I have no present experience. I
know, however, that summer and fall apples,
peaches, pears, and grapes, keep in the cellar better
than upstairs in the light; and that such of the
gatherings as have lain upon folded clean paper
under a paper dust-proof have outlasted by a week
to three weeks similar fruit not sheltered from dust
and air currents or the visits of fruit flies. It is
highly possible that perfect Astrachan apples
might keep some weeks if treated as I treat Spys
and Kings. For the favored apple states, there
would be very little point in one’s taking so much
trouble to carry a sour summer apple into the
season of its betters; but in high altitudes and
districts where the Astrachan is one of the few
trees possible for door-yard fruit, the red apple
becomes precious and worth an experiment.
Pennsylvania. E. S. JoHNson.

Chemicals for Garden Use

[e HAS been my experience during the last
- few years that daffodils will not endure nitrate
of soda, household ammonia in water, or new stable
manure. But the yellow sorts (even sulphur
phoenix) and the poeticus varieties like wood ashes,
or a topdressing of ordinary soap lye sprinkled
on the soil early in spring. Best of all is muriate
of potash, a good handful to three square yards,
broadcasted as the last snow melts. I have some
of the inexpensive narcissus growing under plum
trees and blackberry bushes for late cut flowers;
and in feeding for fruit this season I quite acci-
dentally brought the narcissus to great perfection.
I have also found that nitrate of soda is magical
on lilies-of-the-valley, hardy ferns, and funkias;
mildly beneficial to tulip beds; excellent for
early asparagus and celery; apparently without
effect on columbines and onions. Rhubarb plants
yield twice as many stalks if given nitrate plus
water: nitrate alone is of no use in a dry spring
to this plant. No change takes place in the
flavor or acidity of the stalks from the stimulant.
Nitrate of soda is not a good spring manure for
Pyrethrum rosewm hybrids. The vigor of the
plant runs to leafage and the flowers come small.
Bone meal dug around the crowns in March and
April is far better. The excessive leafage this
year should tend to strengthen, weak crowns for
next year’s bloom; but nitrate might have been
applied after blooming, with this end in view.

CALCIUM CARBIDE

For root lice on chrysanthemums and such
plants, I use the common calcium carbide, obtain-
able at bicycle or motor supply shops. With a
dibble I make holes in the soil close to the infested
plant, drop an ounce or so of the calcium in and
stop the hole with earth or a handful of sticky mud.
Unless the soil is very dry it is not necessary to
water the bed; only the calcium carbide achieves
a more thorough fumigation underground if
moisture is present in abundance. The growing
plant is not poisoned by this gas. Theoretically,
the treatment kills off all wire worms, cutworms,
beetles, etc., in the zone of hostilities. In actual
practice I find that some are always left alive.
For currant-stem-borers, however, this is'a perfect
cure, four holes around each bush in ;March is
ample to destroy the hibernating insects.

CARBON BISULPHIDE

Carbon bisulphide on a bit of absorbent cotton
may be used to kill tree-borers of various kinds.
Seal over the hole with clay mud or warm grafting-
wax at once. The treatment is quicker and surer
than cutting away bark in search of the grub;
and in a crotch, or when a graft has united with
the main stock, it is the only way of killing the
pest without injuring the tree. Carbon bisulphide
is a solvent of rubber and so cannot be squirted
into the boring with a medicine-dropper or fountain-
pen-filler, as is sometimes recommended. The
cotton method is neat, and may be used at any
time of year. The liquid is explosive if brought
near flame, and leaves a vile smell upon the hands if
touched; it is not corrosive or dangerous otherwise. -

Pennsylvania. E. S. JoHNSoN.

For information regarding railroad and steam-
Sue TEMBER, 1911 THE GARDEN MAGAZ INE ship lines, write to the Readers’ Service 73

: to him or her who happily knows it in its modern varieties, is irresistible
—an ever increasing charm and delight as the years come on.
Think of a flower with a range and delicacy of coloring which a

de Longpré might well despair of imitating—a fragrance which a Colgate,
a Gallet might envy —and you have the Peony of to-day.

Think too, of a flower easier to grow than a geranium—that | cream of the world’s achievement—the best that money can buy.
when once planted lasts, with yearly increase in volume and beauty, That their enviable reputation is due to eighteen years of
as long as the planter—and longer—and again youhave, The Peony. | enthusiastic devotion—that for years, with no other business en-

And the wonder of it all is that perhaps you are stillin ignor- | terprise, I have given my entire time exclusively to this flower

ance of the merits of this the most beautiful flower of our day — | and the Rose; and remembering all this, can you wonder that

that your knowledge is limited to the ‘‘Piny” of your childhood. | “‘ Peterson Peonies’’ are spoken of as in a class by themselves ?
Some day, by chance or otherwise, you will somewhere see And They Are.

blooming PETERSON’S PERFECT PEONIES and then May I prove it to you ?

regret that you did not know of them before. My catalog, reflecting the quality of my Peonies, is mailed

And then remember please that my Peonies represent the | on request.

GEORGE H. PETERSON, Rose and Peony Specialist, Box 50, FAIR LAWN, N. J.

Fay) If you desire to have FLOWERS
for Thanksgiving and Christmas

you MUST piant the bulbs NOW. A few days make all the differ-
ence in the flowering of bulbs.

The bulbs offered below will all flower in three months’ time.
We send only LARGE fine bulbs SURE to flower.

° : Doz. I00

Ne W Single ‘ FREESIAS SNOW QUEEN. Purest white large flowers borne on
° : : sf long stiff stems ; 35c $1.75
Early Tulips - ; Freesia refracta alba white with yellow throat 1.25
: : : y ’ ROSE PIsK FREESIA. A great Novelty i 2.50

Five varieties which v OXALIS. Giant flowering Grande Duchess, white, rose pink or lavender,
: : < separate 1.50
stand at the top of - Oxalis, eallon Bermuda Buttercup 6 1.50
i i ; . I00
their ate ee : ; fo ee: : Roman Hyacinths. EASIEST grown, graceful pure white (Monster Bulbs) 65c $4.00
ors. Won errul im- ‘ : ire Bulbs eats 4 see 50 3.50
x ose pink or blue Roman Hyacinths 50 3.50
ee nae 8 : Beerhite Narcissus. Large bunches of glistening white starry flowers 50 2.75

the best of the - Golden Sun Narcissus. i nie cen STs too Bee Enemas Hi is

i oF identical with the WHITE, but the color is a rich golden yellow.
elder sorts) having VERY early and profuse. LARGE BULBS............-..-.+.+. 65 3.75

larger flowers of . a ‘ s Double Roman Narcissus. A beautiful double white flower with golden cup 50 3.00

ve texture that 4 i PRICES INCLUDE DELIVERY
they remain in : : To encourage our friends in planting
perfect con- , Clear, attractive colors and strong, 2] BULBS for HOUSE decoration we will send
iti | i ba as a “ MIUM” with every order for
dition for : sturdy growth put them in a class | 4 above bulbs amounting to $1.00 and over
weeks, y reserved for the finest only. eo We j one bulb of ourBYZANTINE WonderLILY.
: Golden Queen. Rich golden yellow; Nace ted ‘ The accompanying picture cepresents
Joost Van Vondel. Finest white; £ Fire. * ; 4 4 this Lily in bloom. The Bulb flowers
Pink Beauty. Rich rose pink, flushed with white; F ) it ogee p i % | without SOIL or water. Placed in a bowl
Queen of the Netherlands. Soft blush pink; =a : Se, ee. Wh ta or on a dish preferably ina SUNNY place
Sir Thos. Lipton. Rich glossy blood-red crimson. PON ee te By 2 the flowers develop in a short time. Exquis-
To introduce these “‘Matchless Tulips,” we offer . a “hd YS ite rosy tinted with goldenstamens. Each
them at the following specially low prices: = =) / large bulb bears from nine to fifteen flowers.
12 each of the 5 sorts for $2.00 \ * te pe: We have hundreds of letters praising the

25 each of the 5 sorts for $3.50 NX , \: ‘sa BEAUTY of this bulb.
Our Autumn Catalogue for 1911 is now ready and contains a com- \ ” fi each 3 r2 I0o
plete list of all Bulbs, Plants and Seeds for Autumn Planting. We f Large bulbs..... 15c 40c $1.50 $10.00
will be pleased to send you a copy on application. : ¥ Monster bulbs.. 25 65 2.75

HENRY A. DREER tens.” : pas re Prices INCLUDE DELIVERY

It will surely interest you.
714 Chestnut Street pat ide :
Send for our rorz Fall Catalogue.
PHILADELPHIA

Address, H. H. BERGER & CO., 70 Warren St., N. Y. Established 1878

If you are planning to build, the Readers’
Service can often give helpjul suggestions

~I
bo

Double Tracking
The Bell Highway

Two of the greatest factors in modern
civilization—the telephone and telegraph
—now work hand in hand. Heretofore
each was a separate and distinct system
and transmitted the spoken or written
messages of the nation with no little degree
of efficiency. Co-operation has greatly
increased this efficiency.

different. The telephone system furnishes
a circuit and lets you do your own talking.
It furnishes a highway of communication.
The telegraph company, on the other hand,
receives your message and then transmits
and delivers it withoutyourfurther attention.

The telegraph excels in carrying the big
load of correspondence between distant
centers of population; the telephone con-
nects individuals, so that men, women and
children can carry on direct conversations.

The simple diagram above strikingly illus-
trates one of the mechanical advantages of
co-operation. It shows that six persons
can now talk over two pairs of wires at
the same time that eight telegraph operat-
ors send eight telegrams over
the same wires. With such
joint use of equipment there is
economy; without it, waste.

Already the co-operation of the Wester.
Union and the Bell Systems
has resulted in better and more
economical public service.
Further improvements and
economies are expected, until
timeand distance are annihilated
by the universal use of electrical
transmission for written or per-
sonal communication.

While there is this joint use of
trunk line plant by both com-
panies, the telephone and tele-
graph services are distinct and

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

One Poliey One System Universal Service

For Liquor and
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skilfully and successfully administered by
medical specialists for the past 31 years

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AT THE FOLLOWING KEELEY INSTITUTES:

Hot Springs, Ark. Jacksonville, Fla. Portland, Me. White Plains, N. Y. Columbus, 0.

Los Angeles, Cal. Atlanta, Ga. Grand Rapids, Mich. Philadelphia, Pa. Providence, RE. I.
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THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1911

Toward the End of the Summer

VEN the spraying has been done, the cover
crops sown in the orchard, and the mulch
placed between the rows of cane and bush fruits,
the hard work of the season is practically done,
but still there are some things the amateur fruit
grower should keep in mind. Some of the trees
may be bearing such largecrops that the branches
are bending with their weight. While, of course,
it would have been better to have picked off part
of the fruit earlier in the summer, now the best
thing to do is to prop the branches. “Trees may be
seriously injured by the breaking of large branches.
A stiff board, with a piece of burlap wrapped over
one end to prevent injury to the bark, makes an
excellent prop. Sometimes tying together two
branches that are opposite each other, with a large
rope that will not injure the bark, is better than a
prop.

All through the growing season watch for the
fire blight on apple and pear trees. The leaves

om

Keep a mulch around all trees set this year. Pea
vine or garden refuse may be used

For information regarding railroad and steam-
SerpTEMBER, 1911 T HE GAR DEN MA G IN I N E ship lines, write to the Readers’ Service 73

Purchase Your Peonies from TRUE Peony Specialists

A BIT OF EVIDENCE We are the only extensive retail growers of Peonies exclusively in America. This
: one flower has our undivided time and attention, devotion and study. We are thus
From Batavia, N. Y.: ‘‘I purchased a large number

of Peonies from you last fall and I wish to tell you how specialists in a sense which possesses a real value and significance.
superb they are * * * I have bought Peonies from other
growers but yours are the choicest I have.”

From Philadelphia: ‘‘A judge of Peonies who saw the
blossoms in June could hardly believe they had been
planted the September before * * * I will say, too,

that one half of my bed of Peonies were purchased of

another grower—equal space, same advantages, planted
on the same day ; and except in a single instance they
were not to be compared with yours.”’ ar

From Baltimore, Md.: ‘‘The Peonies arrived in splen-
did condition, and for that reason together with

Pcacer ehat sey 1S OR Rare eae iol te “OUR REPUTATION HAS BEEN BUILT ON THE QUALITY OF OUR STOCK.”
highly satisfactory.”

4 Sparkiull, x Y.; The Peonies came in fine con- THE BEST SORTS IN EXISTENCE AND ONLY THE BEST—GUARAN.-
dition and I wish to express my thanks to you for TEED TRUE TO NAME—AND AS WE GROW FOR DISCRIMINA-

sending me such a fine lot of plants. If buyers knew

the stock you Send out as compared with that sent TING BUYERS WE SUPPLY ONLY ESTABLISHED PLANTS

out by some of the other Peony growers, you could

not grow enough stock to fill your orders. Actually AT THE LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES FOR QUALITY

your roots are about as heavy now as some of those I

est) Mugla) = NEE ENG IES GE YO) CEN: ® THESE FEATURES WHICH INDICATE OUR FIXED POLICY, SERVE PERHAPS TO SUFFICIENTLY
Piro Ponk Mame cofwellpleased with the EXPLAIN THE PHENOMENAL GROWTH OF OUR BUSINESS—THE RAPID INCREASE OF

twenty-two Peonies just received from you, that I A DISCRIMINATING CLIENTELE— STRIKINGLY SIGNIFICANT AS EVIDENCE

Bend ae enclosed pce uaten sveny goose pat UL had OF OUR LIBERAL METHODS, AND THAT SPECIALIZING—IN THIS

mt COR OTe I LAL ourcent ie in any INSTANCE AT LEAST—IS NOT AN EMPTY CATCH-PHRASE.

eee or ee Gore Gace ae eos dene WE SHIP ONLY IN THE FALL, AND OUR ANNUAL CATALOG IS NOW READY. IT’S UNIQUE—

in a very intelligent manner. DISTINCTIVE— VERY DIFFERENT FROM OTHERS. MAY WE SEND YOU A COPY?

Mohican Peony Gardens, 0} Sinking Spring, Penn’a

ALL PROMPT GROW

cA Fa eT Sia aril
Fall setting - time is here. Order now our hardy, thrifty, Pear,
a Peach, Apple Trees, Berry Bushes, Roses, California Privet — anything in

‘the nursery line. Millions of plants and trees ready. Handsome catalogue
contains prices, pictures and reliable spraying chart. It’s free. Send now for it.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Box T MOORESTOWN, N. J

Plant this Fall

Ellen Shipman—Garden Expert
Cornish Hills, New Hampshire

Will make and supervise working plans
and planting of gardens. Or, for small
gardens, will make suggestions and
sketches by letter. P. O. address,
Plainfield, New Hampshire.

Write for Catalog Now.

You will find this book helpful, not only in pendable, the soil most favorable, and while our
: the selection of hardy plants, bulbs, shrubs, Landscape Department can give you every
R : ‘ trees, etc., but also in planting them to the most attention.
E V E artistic advantage. Don’t wait till spring. The combination of Wagner Plants, Wagner plans, and

Fall planting will insure the finest effects.
Write today for the catalog, “Plants and Plans
for Beautiful Surroundings.” I? zs /ree.

WAGNER PARK NURSERIES

Florists, Nurserymen
Landscape Gardeners

Box 630, Sidney, Ohio 4

Plant now while the
weather is de-

can be successfully transplanted in

AUGUST
ies oe WE have hemi great

variety; many rare
sorts; all transplanted or
root- pruned, so that they
will lift with a ball of
earth about the roots
which ensures their living.
Our Nurseries contain
many large specimen
Evergreens as well as
thousands of smaller sizes
suitable for transplanting.

Ae We also have in large
Abies Concolor (White Fir) assortment
TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES and VINES for OCTOBER delivery
HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS for SEPTEMBER planting
EVERYTHING FOR PLANTING THE HOME GROUNDS
We cordially invite all interested to visit our nurseries. We are

only eighteen miles South of Boston. Catalogue and price list
mailed on request.

THE BAY STATE NURSERIES
North Abington Mass.

What ts a fair rental for a given
Ask the Readers’ Service

4 property?

The Limousine Buggy

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I am really interested in your proposition,
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Catalog on Request

ATLANTIC
TERRA COTTA
COMPANY

Pottery Dept.

1170 BROADWAY, N.Y.

AEG AGR Dab IN)

commence to die; finally the branch dies, and the
appearance of the tree is the same as a forest tree
killed by fire. It is doubtless a germ disease, and
the only known way to control it is to cut off the
branch, back to the healthy wood, at the first
appearance of the disease, being careful to disin-
fect the tools with a solution of carbolic acid each
time a branch is cut. This matter of controlling
fire blight is very important. If the disease ap-
pears and there is no effort made to control it, ina
few years the trees will be worthless except for fuel.

The latter part of August or the first of Septem-
ber is not too late to bag some choice variety of
grapes, if it has not been done before. The Ni-
agara grape, especially, can be thus improved.
The bags, which cost only a few cents and are
quickly put on, are also some protection against
parasite enemies, and the grapes can be left on the
vines until after the first frost. Because of this,
the Early Campbell grape is desirable, although it
is not of high quality. The Winchell or Green
Mountain, is the first to ripen in my vineyard,
and is in every way superior to Moore’s Early,
the old standard early variety. It i: much sweeter
and richer in flavor. The vine is sufficiently hardy
for most parts of New York, and is a good bearer.
Those who have failed to ripen other grapes can
surely grow the Winchell to perfection, for it ripens
from the last of August to September rst in the
higher altitudes of New York.

It will pay you well to remove raspberry and
blackberry canes soon after bearing, for they draw
from the roots some of the sap that should go to
the new canes. Whenever the old canes are cut,
the new ones make a more vigorous growth, are
in better condition to go through the winter, and
bear a large crop the following year. Long-
handled pruning shears are the best to use for
cutting. Clip off the canes near the ground as
soon as they have done bearing; then, some time
before the next spring’s cultivation, burn them;
or else place them around fruit trees as a mulch.

When you are cutting out the old canes, the new
ones may need some attention, such as placing
wite supports on either side of them, or tying
them to posts. I like best the wire support fast-
ened to arms nailed horizontally across a post
three or four feet from the ground. Watch for
the orange rust on blackberries. The diseased
cane turns to a reddish color, and dies. It is a
germ disease, and the only way to prevent its
spreading is to dig out the diseased plants and
burn them.

Tf the hill systems and narrow hedge row of
strawberry culture are practiced, it will be necessary
to keep the late growing runners cut. Thestrength
of the plants should go into the plants that will
bear next year. Keep an open space between the
plants for late summer cultivation. In the small
bed, it takes only a few minutes to run the wheel
hoe between the rows, and pull out the few weeds
that start to grow. I find the check row plan of
setting strawberries the best, for when lined each
way so that the rows are straight and the cultivator
is run both ways, there is little hand hoeing to do.

Much worse than all ordinary weeds in the fruit
garden is quack grass. I have had some experience
in getting rid of it. Methods of cultivation that
destroy ordinary weeds will not eradicate quack.
The grass looks something like timothy, but it
fills the soil with a thick mass of roots, so that
nothing else can grow, and it also prevents cul-
tivation. Dig out the first quack you find in the
garden. If it gets into the strawberry bed, there
is little chance of saving the bed, and about the best
thing one can do is to plow it up. I think now if
I had to fight quack I would spread salt on the
ground after plowing, harrow it in, continue to
harrow until June, then plant a crop, such as
sweet corn, to which I could give deep and thor-
ough cultivation all summer.

The fruit trees set last spring will need some
attention all the season. Only a little pruning is
necessary. Keep in mind, as the ideal tree, the
one with the low head and vase form with open
centre. Keep a mulch close around the trees,
grow cultivated crops in the spaces between them,
and fertilize these crops well. Large crops of
vegetables or small fruits can be grown in an or-
chard while it is too young to bear, and the trees
are better for it.

I like to do some propagating every year, for then

MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1911

Write for this book

and samples of the new win-
dow shade material in all colors
and in Brenlin Duplex — light
one side, dark the other.

This book is full of illustrations and
information on Brenlin—the new window

shade material that outwears several
ordinary shades.

Brenlin is made without the “filling”
that in ordinary shades falls out and
leaves ugly streaks and pinholes.

g

TRADE MARK REG. U.S. PAT. OFF,

Window Shades

won’t crack, won’t fade; water won’t spot them.
They always hang smooth and even—always look
fresh and attractive. Brenlin always proves to
be the cheapest shade you can put up,

One or more good dealers in all cities sell Bren-
lin. Write us for samples in all colors, and in
Brenlin Duplex, light one side, dark the other.
These samples, with the beautiful little Brenlin
book will aid you in selecting just the right color.
Write today to the

Cas. W. BRENEMAN & Co.
2073-2083 Reading Road, Cincinnati, O.

The name BRENLIN és pexforated along
the edge of every yard of genuine Brenlin.

Look for it.

Tron Railings, Wire Fences and Entrance #

M Gates of all designs and for all purposes, Ff

Tennis Court Enclosures, Unclimbable Wire Mesh
and Spiral Netting (Chain Link) Fences for Estate
Boundaries and Industrial Properties—Lawn Furni-
ture—Stable Fittings.

253 Broadway

F.E. CARPENTER CO., New York City
|

; The Readers’ Service will give mjormat
SrptmemsBer, 1911 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE CE oNMsellatest culommavile acceescreene 7)

UNIQUE GUARANTEE ~~

We will replace with three, every plant

Have Flowers all Winter blooming untrue to dlesgaeten:
Grow them in this greenhouse. It costs
only $250 complete, ready for immediate

COURONNE D’OR (Calot 1873). Large blooms of ivory white, with
a circle of yellow which suggests the name. An extra fine sort. Blooms
rather late.
Divided | $3.50 per doz., $25.00 per 100
Smali $0.60 each, 6.00 per doz., 40.00 per 100
Medium 1.00 each, 10.00 per doz., 75.00 per 100
Large 1.35 each, 13.50 per doz., 100.00 per 100
DUCHESSE DE NEMOURS (Calot 1856 iety of unique
ty. The guard

erection. Shipped knocked down, glass all
in. Any handy man can put it up. Price
includes benches, radiating pipes, boiler and
all. No extras. Made from best of cypress,
iron braced. No foundations needed, i
bolted to iron posts. Perfectly portable,
take it with you if you move.

First time a full-fledged, practical green-
house has ever been offered so low. We
make them by the hundreds—Thoroughly
Guaranteed. Ship them everywhere. Get
it before a frost comes. Send for booklet.

Hitchings & Company
1170 Broadway NEW YORK

WE CAN SHIP STOCK SEPTEMBER FIRST

Clipping from our New Price List. | Catalogue Free on Application
We have as fine a List of Varieties as can be found in America

ESTABLISHED le ETERSON N URSERY WM. A LS ele

1856-30: No. LA SALLE ST., CHICAGO

at all seasons

or Hy Mushrooms Growing in your Cellar

go cts. in postage stamps eee with the name ot your

Bisson scan Se Soe fom Cleves Market Garden or Grove Harrow

iam bert: s eure Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN

the best high-grade spawn in the market, together with large illustrated book
on Mushroom Culture, containing simple and practical methods of raising,
preserving and cooking mushrooms. Not more than one sample brick w ill
be sent to the same party. Further orders must come through your dealer.

Address: American Spawn Co., Dept. 2, St. Paul, Minn.

This harrow is used extensively by gardeners and truckers in the
South and other vegetable growing sections. In Florida it is a great
favorite for orchard cultivation.

Made light for shallow cultivation; cuts two to four inches deep if
desired. No seat supplied unless ordered.

Made in three sizes:

eH Ae ROIS DECITStS
Choice Evergreens SPECIMEN TREES

Geen Planting
Also DECIDUOUS TREES and SHRUBS
Write for large illustrated catalog.

D. HILL NURSERY CO., Inc.
Box 106, DUNDEE, ILLINOIS

No. 0 1-horse, with 2 gangs of five 14 in. disks each
a 00 Lt. 2-horse, 2 gangs of six 14
“000 Hvy. 2-horse, 2 gangs.seven 14 “ “ re
No gardening equipment is complete without one or more of these
harrows. Used on their experimental grounds at Garden City, L. L.,
N. Y., by the publishers of The Garden Magazine.

Send to-day for our new Catalogue ‘‘Intensive Cultivation.’’ Free.

CUTAWAY HARROW CO. 902 Main St., Higganum, Conn.

“Tl HAVE SO LITTLE FUNGUS

[ that I cannot afford to mark my fruit with Bode "says Mr. Geo. T. Powell of pohete N. Y., a grower of fancy apples. “I have less
(/ MAN: scale and finer foliage than ever before.” REASON: Six years consecutive use of
Florida Water § : S ( A [ B ( ] LD E

“THE UNIVERSAL PERFUME”

i 1 1 io 1 12 cheaper, more effective and easier to apply than Lime-Sulphur. Send for Booklets. “Orchard Dividends.” and “Modern Methods of
Is uni gle want hi ee and uni larvesting, Grading and Packing Apples.” Both free.
versal in popular- Yeqg ity. t cannot e In barrels and half barrels, 50c. per gallon; 10 gallon
oe a y , oie PRICES © cans, $6.00; 5 gallon cans, $3.25; 1 gallon cans, $1.00
be replaced by . any of its imi- If you want cheap oils, our “‘CARBOLEINE” at 30c. per gallon is the equal of anything else.
tators. For the AN bath, for use af- B. G. PRATT COMPANY, MFG. CHEMISTS, 50 CHURCH STREET, NEW YORK CITY

ter shaving, as a J rub-down after
exercising, ($M and for gen-
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matchless. Its } fragrance is
delightful and permanent,
and during a3 hot weather
especially, fe Murray &
Lanman’s | Florida Water
eG Oly 3 23 necessity.

ACCEPT NO ‘SUBSTITUTE !
SOLD BY ALL LEADING DRUGGISTS

Sample mailed on receipt of six cents to defray
mailing charges.

LANMAN & KEMP, 195 WATER STREET J

Brighten up the deep, shady nooks on your lawn, or that dark
A porch corner—just the places for our hardy wildferns ‘and wild flower
A collections. We have been growing them for 25 years and know

what varieties are suited to your conditions. Tell us the kind
” of soil you have—light, sandy, clay—and we will advise you.

Gillett’s Ferns and Flowers

will give the charm of nature to your yard. These include not only hardy wild
ferns, but native orchids, and flowers for wet and swampy spots, rocky hillsides
and dry woods. We also grow such hardy flowers as primroses, campanulas.
digitalis, violets, hepaticas, trilliums, and wild flowers which require open sunlight
as wellas shade. If you wanta bit of an old-time wildwood garden, with flowers
just as Nature grows them—send for our new catalogue and let us advise you
what to select and how to succeed with them.

EDWARD GILLETT, Box C, Southwick, Mass.

= The Readers’ Service will give injormation
76 about the latest automobile accessories aR H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E

SEPTEMBER, 1911

The Garden of Big Possibilities

Ginseng culture will be a revelation to you if you have never looked into
it. Try a patch in some out-of-the-way corner and make the test. A

very small plot is all that is necessary—anything from a garden bed
up to a few square rods. Anybody can find the space. The big money
making comes from the wonderfully increasing demand for the roots.

$7.50 a Pound for Ginseng Roots

That is the present price and it fluctuates less than anything else you can grow.
Government reports show its steady rise for over 50 years. We are engaged in its
culture on a grand scale (over ro acres in our gardens) and supply seeds and roots of
the valuable variety to beginners. Our beautifully illustrated book on culture covers
everything — varieties, soil requirements, planting, cultivation, where to market, etc. It
will pay you well to investigate. Bookis mailed free. Ask for Ginseng Catalogue W.

NEWTOWN PRODUCING CO., - - Newtown, Pa.

Not for Future Generations

Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty

years to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.

We do the long waiting — thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that
give an immediate effect. Price List Now Ready.

ANDORRA NURSERIES &@ ocaivaperpntay Ba.

WM. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

for Every Service

and the most durable and efficient for
each will be found among the hundreds of
models of Goulds Pumps.

For over sixty years we have been maxing pumps;
making them with the one thought of combining
durability with efficiency. That is why today

GOULDS Pus

Our pumps are the most economical, because they are
made to give service year after year—to withstand
hard, constant use, They are designed to throw
big, steady streams; to be ready for service at any
minute, so as to save your time and labor.

Our Free Booklet, ‘‘Water Supply for the Home’’

was written to help you decide on the pump best suited to
yourneeds. Don’t buy until you read it. But write
for it before your old pump gives out.
The GOULDS MFG. CO.,82 W.Fall St.
Sencea Falls, N. Y.

in-an

>

GIVES A DELICIOUS FLAVOR AND RICH COLOR TO SOUPS, SAUCES, GRAVIES ETC.

THE PALISADE MFG. CO
__T851CLINTON AVE, WEST HOBOKEN,N.J.

USED BY LEADING CHEFS AND a
EMINENT TEACHERS OF COOKERY <IMV\u|QeM gdm

Plant for Wrenecirue Effect

I have, for transplanting, plants that are true to
name. I can transplant these from propagating
beds to the fruit garden at my convenience. Plants
dug with fresh soil about the roots, and rightly
set, will all live and grow.

Currant and grape cuttings, planted in beds in
early spring, are mulched in late summer, preferably
with sawdust or tan bark, and kept moist until
the cuttings are rooted. Later on the propagating
bed is given frequent and shallow cultivation,
hoeing is frequently done between the rows of
plants, which are eighteen inches apart. This
keeps fresh soil around them, keeps down weeds,
and water is given when the soil is very dry.

A propagating bed for strawberry plants also
needs some attention. The weeds must be kept
out. I let sufficient runners set to spread all
over the ground, but it is best to cut off the late
runners, as the early ones make the strongest
plants. If several varieties are in the bed set up
boards between each to prevent them running
together, and be sure to label each division with
the name of the variety.

New York.

for

W. H. JENKINS.

the

ARES en ne

Some Cape Bulbs for California
Gardens

INGE all things grow better in Cz! fornia than
anywhere else in America. Indeed, some
standbys of the eastern garden, such as peonies and
lilacs, do quite poorly here as a rule; but it can
certainly be said that for that beautiful class
known as South African or Cape bulbs our con-
ditions are unequalled on this continent. Here
such bulbs as freesias, ixias and gladiolus are quite
hardy and may be left continuously in the ground
or lifted during their dormant period if desired and,
unless affected by the fungus which occasionally
attacks them, they can be depended on to increase
rapidly, not only by offsets but by seed. There
is here a fine opportunity to improve these species
and to secure new varieties, stronger and better
adapted to our conditions, by raising seedlings
which bloom quickly under favorable conditions.
The finest lot of ixias I ever saw, a bed with hun-
dreds of strong wiry stems decked with bright
yellow, black-eyed flowers, was entirely self-sown,
and in the same garden scarlet tritonias come up
everywhere near the originally planted bulbs.

As these bulbs are chiefly grown under glass in
the colder Fast they are not featured in most
American catalogues, but Dutch and English
dealers give them considerable attention and many
American firms offer selections and mixtures,
this last a rather unsatisfactory way to buy them
as the colors are apt to clash.

As regards culture, they all prefer a light to a
heavy soil and good drainage and sunlight are two
essentials. I have grown and flowered a few in
heavy adobe, but they never thrive in it as they
do in sandy loam. Two inches is deep enough
for planting, which is best done in October and
November, and anywhere from three to six inches
apart they will give a good mass of color.

THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF CAPE BULBS

Freesias do so well that one of the best com-
mercial varieties used for forcing in the East is
raised in California. Always plant a number of
the bulbs together, preferably in the front of the
border or as an edging. Freesia refracta, var.
alba (white) and F. Leichtlini, var. major (prim-
rose and orange) are the two common distinct
kinds, but as seedlings in yellow, apricot, rose and
other tender shades have recently been produced in

SEPTEMBER, 1911

St. Regis Everbearing
The Raspberry for the Million and the
Millionaire. ‘‘ There’s Millions In It.’’

You can now have wonderful raspberries from next

June to October by setting out the plants this Fall.
Never before has a plant been grown which would

_ fruit the first season.

Then, for four months the St. Regis produces
continuously — heavy crops of large, luscious, sugary
berries of bright crimson.

Big profits growing St. Regis for market — the
fruit keeps in perfect condition longer than any
other red raspberry.

Endures drought and severest cold without injury.
Awarded Certificate of Merit by American Insti-
tute of City of New York.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

FREE.— Our 1911 Catalog and Planting Guide.

Grow
Chestnuts
Like This

For Profit

What zs a fair rental for a given
property? Ask the Readers’ Service if

Covers a 50¢. piece

You can get bigger profits per acre
from Sober Paragon Chestnuts than from any other
crop,

Hardy, rapid, symmetrical growth ; luxuriant foliage;
spreading boughs; clean trunk ; stateliness.

These qualities combined and developed by science
to a degree that closely borders perfection in the
new

SOBER PARAGON

Mammoth, Sweet Chestnut

Crop, Fall of toro, brought $48,000, orchard only
8 years old.
The only large sweet chestnut in the world.

Bears the second year. The nuts average 1 to 2 inches
in diameter —and 3 to 5 nuts in a bur.

United States Pomologist, G. B. Brackett, says : ‘‘ The
Sober Paragon comes the nearest in quality to the native
chestnut of any of the cultivated varieties that I have
examined. It is of large size, fine appearance and ex-
cellent flavor.”

Testimony from growers, commission merchants, For-
estry Experts, etc., given in our free booklet, together
with prices and particulars.

We own exclusive control

: of the Sober Para-
gon. This copy-
righted metal seal is
attached to every genuine
tree when shipped.

Write today for the booklet

Includes Nut Culture— Fruits, Roses, Shrubs, Evergreens

GLEN BROTHERS, Glenwood Nursery (Est. 1866) 1800 Main St., Rochester, N. Y.

Basket of

Mantura Pecans

Hardy Acclimated Pecan Trees
for Planting in Northern States

Here are Pecan Trees which will thrive in Northern
States — producing as prolifically and as profitably as any
Southern Pecans.

Thus, through a remarkable scientific achievement, an
immensely profitable industry becomes available in the
North —

For, Pecan Orchards pay far bigger profits per acre
than wheat or corn.

And a shade-tree of wondrous beauty, long the pride of the
South, may now adorn any Northern landscape.

We have five varieties of hardy trees best suited
tor Northern planting. These have wichstood temperature
far below zero — never been known to “ winter-kill.”” Success-
ful in almost any soil. Begin bearing in 5 to 7 years, Bear
bountifully for generations and attain immense size, Valuable
information on Pecan Culture in our catalog,

“As much bigger and stronger as a decade of

Steady growth can well make it.’’

~The Bookman.

The Romance of a Plain Man

By ELLEN GLASGOW
$1.50

BY THE SAME AUTHOR:
The Ancient Law . .

$1.50

ORDER NOW

DUTCH BULBS AND PLANTS
Direct From HOLLAND

The best Dutch Bulbs you can buy—solid, spotless,
full of vitality, true to name and color—are described in
our new Dutch Bulb catalog.

It is a book worth while reading—a book that tells
the difference between the big flabby bulbs which dis-
appoint, and the big solid bulbs which g
give largest and best results.

It tells how to force bulbs, gives the
best varieties for every purpose.

Tt gives also valuable information on

The Wheel of Life. . . . . 1.50

The Battle-Ground . . .. . . 1.50

The Voice of the People . . 6 1.50

The Deliverance. . . ..... 1.50

The Freeman and Other Poems, Net 1.50
(Postage, 1 2c.)

JUST OUT

“The Miller of Old Church”

Fixed price, $1.35 (postage, 14c.)

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
Garden City, New York

the newest European introductions in
tulips, hyacinths, narcissi, and the best
Dutch roots and plants for use outdoors
or for forcing purposes.

Write for it today

Impelled by the increasing Amer-
ican demand for the choicest bulbs

The largest growers of Bulbs
and Plants in Holland

will hereafter sell direct to the consumer from
their American Branch House. ‘This is the first
direct branch of any Dutch grower in America —
though the same firm has branches in other leading countries. emTulip.carminy rose,

This business has become the largest in the world in the distrib- = one fourth actual size
ution of highest quality bulbs, the basis of growth being the better produced by such bulbs. Though
you have made other arrangements for part of your Fall planting of Spring flowering bulbs, it will
pay you to test our Dutch bulbs direct from Holland with the best you can buy elsewhere.

We welcome such comparison—we know that results next spring will bring us all your future orders.

That real first quality bulbs can be secured at moderate cost, is bought direct from our Dutch
Nurseries is proven by these prices.

HYACINTHS TULIPS NARCISSUS (Daffodils) CROCUS
$2 per 100 up $1 per 100 up 75c per 100 up 40c per 100 up

Gt. van Waveren and Kruijff, American Branch House, 527 Bourse Bldg.
LOUIS BERGER, Mer. Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A.
HOME OFFICES and NURSERIES: SASSENHEIM, (HAARLEM), HOLLAND.
OTHER BRANCHES: Moscow. Russia, Leipsic, Germany, Buenos Ayres, Argentine Republic,
London, England, Guteburg, Sweden.

" This is Pride of Haar-

Stain and Preserve Your Roofs

A handsomely stained roof gives distinction to the
commonest house, and the rich velvety moss-green
and tile-red shades of

Cabot’s Shingle Stains

not only beautify the shingles, but thoroughly preserve
them. They are made of Creosote, ‘‘the best wood pre-
servative known,”’ and the finest and strongest colors,
ground in linseed oil. They cost half as much as paint,
can be applied at half the labor cost, and are suitable
for shingles, siding, and other exterior woodwork.

You can get Cabct’s stains all over the country.
Send for samples and name of nearest agent.

SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Mfg. Chemists, 1 Oliver Street, Boston, Mass.

GARDEN
TERRA COTTA

Jar
for Autumn
Wild Flowers

Send forCatalogue of Garden Fur-
niture, Vases, Flower Pots, Etc.,
made in strong and durable Terra
Cotta.

Galloway
Terra Cotta Co.

3214 Walnut St., Phila.

Eliminates clothes posts, is portable and can be
removed when not in use, holds 165 feet of line.
Excells all others in strength, durability and

convenience in handling. Eacharm operates in-
dependently. When opened, arms lock in posi-
tion and stretch lines. When closed, arms lock
automatically. Best and most satisfactory lawn
dryer made. Write for FREE folder No. 21.

THE CHICAGO DRYER CO.

624 So. Wabash Ave., Dept. 21, Chicago

CHICAGOSUN CLOTHES DRYER

How to Grow and Market Fruit”

A new hundred-page book. Contains the lessons of
our own wide experience, and of the experiences of
hundreds of successful orchardists over the country. City
men, new at fruit-growing, will need little other guidance;
old orchardists will glean new ideas from it. The book con-
tains all the latest facts as to varieties—their adaptability
and differences—and the latest methods of spraying, culti-
vating and feeding trees. 2

Not only tells how, but shows how, with a great many
orchard pictures. We are qualified to know what we are
talking about, for our young trees have become
the standard, and we have over two hundred
thousand bearing trees, in widely scattered
orchards. Price 50 cents, which isrebated
on first $5 order.
HARRISON’S NURSERIES
._Main Avenue, Berlin, Md.
Ten valuable farms for sale.

FERNALD’S HARDY PLANTS

Grown in the cold State of Maine. Will
live anywhere. Send for catalogue. Sep-
tember is the best time to plant.

W. LINWOOD FERNALD, ELIOT, MAINE

order is HIGH NOW.

buy the best.

The Readers’ Service will give
injormation about automobiles

PLANT PEON

In September or October

If you care for Peonies, or more Peonies, next May and June— the time to

Tel GA Re Die Ni

Residence for Hon. T. L. Woodruff, Garden City.
Stained with Cabot’s Shingle Status.
A.N. Allen, Arch’t, New York

Protect your trees from rabbits,
insects, etc., by using

Hawkeye Tree Protectors

Write us for description and price.
We have 500acres in nurserystock.

Send for catalogue.
The Elizabeth Nursery Co., Elizabeth, N. J.

PANSIES

(Sow in early Autumn)

_ Hidden Ranch is a nook in the north woods where pan-
sies are grown and seeded; the world’s best sorts, culled
and culled again. The H.R. seedlings are exquisite.

H. R. “Eyebrights,” mixed, 20c. pkt.; 3 for 50c.
H.R. “Royals,” mixed, 40c. pkt.; 3 for $1.00.
(2 “Eyebrights” and 2 “‘Royals,”’ $1.00)

S. Edward Paschall, Chico, Kitsap Co., Washington

Landscape Gardening

A course for Home-makers and
Gardeners taught by Prof. Craig
and Prof. Beal, of Cornell Uni-
versity.

Gardeners who understand up-to-
date methods and practice are in
demand for the best positions.

A knowledge of Landscape Gar-
dening is indispensable to those
who would have the pleasantest

Pror. Cratc homes.

250 page catalogue free. Write today.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G, Springfield, Mass.

| THE CLIPPER

There are three things that de-
stroy your lawns: Dandelions,
Buck Plaintain and Crab Grass.
In one season the ‘‘Clipper’’
_will drive them all out.
| CLIPPER LAWN MOWER CO.

ixcn, Ill.

IES

We grow Peonies here in the Middle West and our nurseries are the hub for
Peony shipments to all points of the compass.

Our Peony roots are full of real life and vigorous promise.
out in season to hibernate—you will be visited by a wonderful wealth of blossom-
ing plants next year; the kind that creates delight in all who see and awakens
envy in all who do not possess.

No matter where you are, 1
Ideal climate and rich soil make for superior vitality in Peonies,
and all other plants, and trees and shrubs grown at our nurseries. We will be
at your service the moment your request for further information arrives.

WILD BROS. NURSERY COMPANY, Box 514, Sarcoxie, Mo.

If you set them

we are near, if you are temperamentally disposed to

MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1911

|

Europe many colors will soon be common, as
even from seed flowers can be produced in a few
months.

Ixias make in April the finest show of all the
Cape bulbs, for the stems are tall and slender,
the colors good and the flowers prettily arranged
and very numerous. I like them best planted
in the background where their sparse foliage will
be no defect. Where daffodils are lifted annually
ixias may be planted among them and so furnish
a later crop of flowers without in any way delaying
the lifting of the former, as they both die down
about the same time. The reservation regarding
annual lifting was made because I recently saw a
bed where a strong ixia had beaten out a cup
daffodil for permanent possession. Leave mixtures
alone and buy a number of a distinct kind unless
you like spotty effects. If names are desired,
White Queen is a good white with crimson eye,
Beauty of Norfolk a nice canary yellow with black
centre, Humbert a beautiful coppery rose, and
Vulcan a fine orange-red with black centre. Cra-
teroides (speciosa), cerise, is very bright and early,
and viridiflora is interesting for the green color

Two-year-old clump of Gladiolus Colvillei, var.

The Bride, which gave dozens of spikes of cut
flowers in May

of its flowers. But it is not strong enough to be
much of a garden flower and requires even more
sunshine than other ixias to open its flowers.

Sparaxis are dwarfer than ixias and more like
miniature gladiolus in the arrangement of their
flowers. Garden varieties come in whites, yellows,
pinks and scarlet, often with yellow or black
centres. There are also some unpleasant violet
reds. Useful for little groups on the edges of sunny
borders, but they do not last as long as ixias.

Tritonia crocata, in various shades of orange
scarlet, is wonderfully bright, its gladiolus-like
spikes only rising to a height of six or eight inches
but nevertheless very fine in the mass. Easy to
grow and increases rapidly.

Babianas, the last of this April-blooming group,
is distinguished by its much larger, hairy foliage,
and, having lavender, lilac and violet as well as
white and red-violet in its color range, its tall
flowers are nearly as noticeable as ixias.

Gladiolus of all kinds may be treated as peren-
nials in the California garden, and the large
hybrids are either so considered or are planted
at widely varying seasons of the year to keep
up a succession of cut flowers. But here I
wish to sing the praises of the smaller, dwarfer
and less showy kinds which are usually planted
in October and November and bloom in the late
spring months. What they lack in size they make
up in beauty of form, delicacy of color, and graceful
arrangement on the spike. As cut flowers their
lovely sprays far outclass the stiff spikes of the
later varieties and every flower opens well in water.
I prefer to lift the bulbs each summer when dor-
mant, as I find some varieties increase in number
and vigor while others gradually die out. Peach
Blossom, Pink Perfection and Blushing Bride would
be a good trio for a novice. The taller Gladiolus
Colvillei, blooming at the same time, is also well
worth while, particularly inits white form, The Bride.

California. SypNEY B. MITCHELL.

SEPTEMBER, 1911

Send for our Free Booklet

And see how an Aldine Fireplace is
suited to your needs.
OU can get as much heat with one Aldine
Fireplace and save 60% of your fuel bill as
from four common grates.

This is because it is
really a return draft stove
in fireplace form. 85%
of the heat is thrown out
into the room instead of
85% being wasted as in
common grates.

Mission design
It can be set in any chimney opening at half
the cost of acommon grate, no special chimney

construction isnecessary,
no pipe to connect, extra
large fire pot; made in
seven patterns, at prices
no higher than any good
common grate.

50,000 now in use

Satisfaction guaranteed or =F
your money back. uz

Rathbone Fireplace Mfg. Co.

6109 Clyde Park Ave. Grand Rapids, Mich.
» WRITE FOR BIG ILLUS. FREE BOOKLET

showing our beds and farm and learn how to grow
mushrooms at home in cellars, sheds, stables, boxes,
outdoors, etc. 300 per cent, profit, markets waiting.
We were first. 25 years’ experience, make and sell
best fresh spawn, and teach you our methods free.
National Spawn & Mushroom Co.
Hyde Park, Mass.

TUS PAPOCLS A PEUTIC CWA

CANNOT BE EQUALLED Catalogue free
W.R. GRAY, Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX CO., VA.

FLORICULTURE

Complete Home Study Course in practical Floricul- /@
ture under Prof. Craig and Prof. Beal, of Cornell /*
University.

Course includes Greenhouse Construction and
Management and the growing of Small Fruits and
Vegetables, as well as Flowers Under Glass.

Personal Instruction. Expert Advice.
250 Page Catalogue Free. Write to-day.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. F., Springfield, Mass.

Prof. Craig

Three Magazines
For Every Home
COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA

Beautiful, practical, entertaining.
$4.00 a year. (Twice a month.)

THE WORLD’S WORK
interpreting to-day’s history.
$3.00 a year.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE—
FARMING

telling how to make things grow.
$1.50 a year.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & Co.
Garden City New York

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service will give you
injormation about motor boats ‘

Something New in Cold Frames

They are just what you want this month for starting your per-
ennials to bloom next spring and vegetables for late fall use.

With the help of frames you can get good strong plants
that early next spring will start growing rapidly and be
in bloom first part of summer instead of the following
summer. It’s the ideal way for pansies. You can grow
violets in them all winter. A bunch picked in January
from your own frames would be good fun, wouldn't it ?
Get a couple dozen of plants from a florist and give it a try.
He will tell you how. Every year for years you have
always wanted frames — but they either cost too much or
were made larger that you wanted. Lots of our friends
told us exactly the same thing. That's why we are mak-
ing these 3 sizes of small frames — making them so well
and selling them so surpmisingly
reasonable that it will be easier
for you to buy them than trying
to resist the temptation.

Their Construction. The
wood is cypress. The sides are
bolted together by strong cast
iron corner cleats. No nails
used. Will last a lifetime.

Single Row Frames

The Single Plant Frames are the little chaps
shown at the top. Size 1114x 13. Price, 5 for $3.50,
10 for $6.25.

Single Row Frames.

Size 3 feet long by
111% inches wide.

Price, 2 for $3.00 or 5 for $6.25.

Junior Melon Frames. Size 1914x20Y%. Price,
3 for $3.00; 5 for $4.40; 10 for $8.50.

They are shipped knocked down so freight or express
rate will be lowest possible.

Order enough so you will
have some extra ones for start-
ing things next spring. If you
want larger sizes we have them
all ready in stock. Send for
“Two P” booklet— tells all
about the larger frames besides
the pleasures and possibilities
of frames in general.

Lord & Burnham Company

Factories:

NEW YORK
St. James Bldg.

BOSTON
Tremont Bldg.

Irvington, N. Y.

Des Plains, IIl.

PHILADELPHIA
Franklin Bank Bldg.

CHICAGO
Rookery Bldg.

EVERYTHING for the HOME GROUNDS

Ornamental, deciduous, Shade and weeping trees, Flowering shrubs,
Barberry, Privet, Evergreens, Conifers, Hardy trailing vines, Cliibers,
Fruit trees, Berry bushes, Hardy garden plants, etc.

The finest selection tor lawn and garden planting in
America. More than 600 acres of choicest nursery produce.
We will make a planting plan of your place, selecting trees, shrubs, etc.,
suitable to soil and situation, and give you the exact cost of planting and
proper time toplant. Sed for Catalog A.

The Stephen Hoyt’s Sons Company
Established 1848 New Canaan, Conn. Incorporated 1903

KING SPREADER

Distributes Lime, Ashes, Fertilizers, Bone Meal

OR ToD

Largest importers and growers of
Orcuips in the United States

TRAN GIR ERD Seon b Om ke eae
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT. NJ.

ONLY
$15.00

and fine Compost evenly from 100 lbs. to 2 tons to
In Three sizes, cleans itself. Simple, best
We prove our confidence by terms.

KING WEEDER CO., Richmond, Va.

SAMPLE AT NO MONEY COST PLAN.

acre.
made.

25.00
35.00

Freight

Paid.

Reinier eee =
Digging asphalt fom Tmeeel Take

A roof is only as good

as its waterproofing.

i
!

Knowing this, will you buy
the covering for your roof on its
“looks”? alone, and not know
what it is made of P

Genasco

the Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt Roofing

is waterproofed entirely with natural asphalt.
In Trinidad Lake this asphalt has resisted
blazing sun and terrific storms for hundreds
of years. It has natural oils that give it last-
ing life in a roof despite the buffeting of rain,
snow, sun, wind, heat, cold, and fire.

Man has tried to make lasting waterproofers
—and always failed. Ordinary ready roofings
show you what happens, They are made of
mysterious “compositions” or coal tar; and
they soon crack, break, leak, and go to pieces.
Yet as for looks, they are mighty good im-
itations.

The life and backbone of Genasco is Trin-
idad Lake Asphalt—the natural everlasting
waterproofer—and that makes Genasco last.

Genasco is made with mineral and smooth
surfaces. Guaranteed, of course.

The Kant-leak Kleet waterproofs the
seams of roofing thoroughly without the use
of smeary unsightly cement, avoids nail-leaks,
and gives the roof an attractive appearance.

Ask your dealer for Genasco Roofing, with Kant-leak
Kleets packed in the roll. Write us for the Good
Roof Guide Book and samples.

SARS \, The Barber Asphalt
a Paving Company

| Largest producers of asphalt,/ ind largest
manufacturers of ready roofing in the world.

ert Pot) P hiladelphia_
New York San Francisco “Chicago
gj Cromusection Genesee Stone-surface Roofing

Gravel

Trinidad Lake Asphalt
Asphalt-saturated Wool Felt
Trinidad Lake Asphalt
Asphalt-saturated Wool Felt

72 page monthly magazine
for a year with your choice
of any one of Keith's famous

$1.00 PLAN

BOOKS FREE

} Keith's Magazine is the recog-

fy} nized authority on building
‘ a anc| decorating artistic homes.

Each issue contains 2 to 10 plans by leadiny architects. Subscription $2.

Get KEITI’S BIG PLAN BOOKS WITIL A REPUTATION

215 Bun glows and cott. $x 1/5 Plans cstg. $5000 to $6000, $x
200 Plans cstg. $2000to $4000, $1 25 ee 6000 and up. $1
7 ne of 4000 to 5000, §1 Ioo ‘ Cement and Brick, $1

Any one of these $1.00 Plan Books FREE with a year’s subscription $2.00
M. L, KEITH, 707 Lumber Exch., Minneapolis, Minn.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Plant Lily Bulbs Now

(Ene frequent cultivation to all vegetables
J and flowers sown during the last two months,
to promote more rapid growth and earlier maturity.

Set cabbage plants at once for the winter crop.

Harvest peanuts and chufas (earth almonds).
Put them in the sun to dry and then store. Pick
off the nuts from the vines as soon as possible,
and put them where the rats can’t get at them.

The best month of all the year for planting out
Madonna lily bulbs is September. Get the largest
and best bulbs, for they not only produce twice as
many flowers but the flowers are almost twice the
size of those produced by small bulbs. It likewise
pays to get these lilies planted early — surely not
later than the first of October.

Save corn and cotton from the healthiest and
most prolific plants for seed, thus improving the
strain and strengthening it to resist disease and
to produce more bolls, or ears, to the stalk.

Give sugar cane a dressing of nitrate of soda
during the first week of the month. Use it at the

The one sure way of getting good Madonna lilies is
to plant sound bulbs in August or September

rate of one hundred and fifty to two hundred pounds
to the acre.

Plant peonies now; and irises and callas after
the middle of the month.

Remember to sow crimson clover for winter
cover crop and to have some vegetable matter to
plow under in the winter or spring. The land in
the South is deficient in vegetable matter. The
average tenant burns what little trash there may be
on the land and uses commercial fertilizer entirely.
This will quickly make any soil deteriorate. Pro-
vide plenty of vegetable matter for your soil, and
you can then use more fertilizer with better result.

Continue to plant bush beans in Florida.

Sow rye now for stock and chicken pasture.
Fertilize it heavily if the land is not very rich.

Cut cow peas for hay at any time.

Georgia. THomas J. STEED.

The Readers’ Service is prepared to
advise parents in regard to schools

SEPTEMBER, 1911

Hyacinths, Darwin and other
Tulips, Narcissus and Crocus,
Easter Lilies and Hardy Japan
and Native Lilies. English,

Spanish and Japan Iris. Free-

sias, Calochortus and Trilliums,

andall other Native and Foreign
Bulbs and Roots in endless
variety.

The Largest Assortment in America

CATALOGUE NOW READY
Mailed free for the asking

J. M. Thorburn & Co.

33 Barclay Street Dept. G New York

Old and Husky Weeds Will Fade

away if jabbed with a deadly dandelion pill. 500
Pills and “‘ Jabstick ” prepaid, $1.00. No backache.
Money back if you are not satisfied.

WILLIAM A. SPINKS & CO.
| 362 WEST ERIE STREET, CHICAGO
equal with a corn Binder. Sold in every

state. Price $20 with Binder Attach-

ment. S.C. MONTGOMERY, or Texaline, Tex., writes — “The
harvester has proven all you claim for it. With the assistance of
one man cut and bound over too acces of com, Kafhr Corn and
Maize Jast year.” Testimonia!s and catalog free, showing pictures
of harvester. New Process Mfg. Co., Salma, Kan.

TTONS-

BoUs
oy — Mt

HARVESTER with Binder Attachment,
cuts and throws in piles on harvester or
windrow. Man and horse cuts and shocks

READING, ENGLAND

| SUTTON SONS,

OR MANY cases where spraying is necessary,
Arsenate of Lead is the only spraying solution to
use. SWIFT’S ARSENATE OF LEAD is the oldest
and most satisfactory.
Merrimac Chemical Co., 59 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
ee ————————

TIME SAVER - MONEY SAVER

Makes your hedge trimming five
times as easy. Every single move-
ment counts — blades work both
opening and closing.

The UNIQUE
HEDGE TRIMMER

Mows a 13 inch swath. Cuts easily
—cuts evenly. Workmanship and
material indefinitely guaranteed.

\, Sent prepaid on receipt of |

$5.00

If not satisfactory after one week’s trial, can be returned and
money will be refunded. Write for booklet.

Fountain Cutlery Co.

926 Filbert Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Refer to any bank in Philadelphia

SzPpTEMBHR, 1911 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 81

, a ea
Z

= coud " ae A = s LF No v 5 ee Raia alias fener ss x
‘ 4 We " ~ wer. r ca oun 15 \
0 es
ne | 2 p : ga4 . a

Where to Spend
September

\@ IS during September amidst
the charms of early Autumn, af-
ter the big rush of the season
has ceased and the excessive
heat of summer has given way
to an invigorating atmos-
phere, that many of the re-
sorts offer the maximum of
comfort and enjoyment.

All things considered, September
is an ideal vacation month; and
if you would experience a sojourn
during this delightful period, telephone, call
or write to any office of this bureau. We have
all sorts of information about hotels and resorts
everywhere, and will be glad to furnish any infor-
mation that may be desired. We can also make ar-
rangements for hotel accommodations everywhere.

1 is LL
en

This Service is Free

Main Office located at 225 Fifth Avenue, New York

Branches at Raymond & Whitcomb’s Offices in — ——g
Boston Los Angeles
Philadelphia San Francisco
Detroit Portland, Oreg.

Also at Doubleday, Page & Co.’s office
in the People’s Gas Building in Chicago

HOTEE*RESOIE-BUREAU
( \ | \ | Ns 225 Fifth Avenue

i | NEW YORK, N. Y.

i

| | i) RAYMOND & WHITCOMB CO. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.

/ ) | 225 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK GARDEN CITY, LONG ISLAND
WX?
tiv he. See For over 30 heR d & Whi
; ae years the Raymon Whitcomb Co. L ; Z F
Tl (im, ii}. have made a specialty in everything in connection Publishers of Country Life in America, The

Hy N 1 with foreign and American travel. Raymond & World’s Work, The Garden Magazine.

PAu I}
!
S

fe

:

Whitcomb’s tours are famous.

82 The Readers’ Service will aid you
“ in planning your vacation trip

This Pompeian stone fountain designed and
erected by us in the formal gardens upon the es-
tate of Mr. J. B. Van Vorst, Hackensack, N. J.,
represents the character of artistic work we are
doing in marble, stone and Pompeian stone.

Our catalogue S containing more than 800 illustrations of
fountains, benches, sun-dials, statuary, pedestals, mantels and
vases mailed free on request.

ERKINS STUDIOS,
228 Lexington Ave., New York City
Factories, Astoria, L. I., Carrara, Italy

FRANKEN’S BULBS
are GOOD BULBS

grown with care and skill and
will Produce Results.

But do not take our word for
it. Send for our Catalogue and
note our Varieties and Prices.
Then send usa Trial Order. We
believe you will then be con-
vinced that it is an advantage to

Deal Direct with the Growers

FRANKEN BROTHERS
DEERFIELD ILLINOIS

Nurseries also at Sassenheim, Holland

Three Things You Need

FIRST: The only Sanitary method of car-
ing for garbage, deep in the ground in
metal receiver holding heavy galvanized
bucket with bail. Odorless; proof against
ee) cats and dogs. or the smaller, death
ealins -
Ovens WithaenesKoot pea rine Pests the house fly. Health de

W's Underground Garbage Receiver

Underfloor Refuse Receiver
Teanemare Underground Earth Closet

SECOND: This clean, convenient ay
way of disposing of kitchen ashes, @ a A
cellar and yard refuse, does away : °F “
with the ash or dirt barrel nuisance. ! &

Stores your oily waste and sweep- } imam

mies Fireproof; flush with garage P=
oor.

THIRD: It supplies
a safe and sanitary
method to keep your
water supply safe
from pollution. It
prevents the danger from the house or
typhoid fly, around camp or farm, dis-
seminating its poisonous germs to your
family. Nine years in practical use. It
Pays to look us up.

Sold direct. Send for Circulars on each
C. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr.
40 Farrar Street Lynn, Mass.

A Camp Necessity

QP Vela, (GA 18 1D) 18) IN

Growing Anemones Near
Chicago

I HAVE been growing anemones for the past

three years in Glencoe, which is twenty miles
north of Chicago. When I first talked with
my neighbors about growing anemones and
ranunculus I was told there was no use to
try; that they had tried them without any suc-
cess. I have never been quite willing to take
another’s word regarding the growing of flowers,
however, and tried them for myself with very
happy results.

The soil and climatic conditions of Glencoe
are the worst that I have known anywhere. I
have lived most of my time in the East but for the
iast ten years have been in Chicago; and nowhere
in New England or north of here do they experience
the difficulties that we do about Chicago.

I planted Anemone coronaria, which I bought
in Holland, in front of a border of shrubbery.
In this border I also plant the spring bulbs and
annuals later in the season. Unless plants will
do well with a minimum of care I am not willing
to devote much time to them so that these did not
get any special treatment. The only thing that
I did was to cover the whole border with a layer
of straw and leaves, leaving it on until rather late
in the spring.

Some of the anemones have bloomed a second
year, but most of them bloom but once. However,
the cost is quite insignificant and the returns are
very much worth while.

I am a long way from an expert gardener and
what I have done I am sure that others can do.
In fact, three or four of my immediate neighbors,
after seeing my anemones, have planted them and
have succeeded in growing them quite well the
first year. Whether they will come up a second
year or not is a question.

Illinois. Oscar J. WEsT.

Forcing Anemone Coronaria

HAVE read with considerable interest the

second installment of “The Fun of Collecting
Anemones,” in the June GARDEN Macazine, but
I could not understand why so much time was
devoted to the attempts at outdoor culture until
I looked back at the introduction of the previous
article. I have never grown Anemone coronaria
out-of-doors, nor made attempts at it, and I think
that it can be done only by going to considerable
expense in preparing the ground for them and
covering the ground in which they are growing
for a considerable portion of the year with cold-
frames, or with the plant boxes which have recently
been advertised by one of the greenhouse builders,
a suggestion which was made in the article men-
tioned.

I think that there should have been added to
that story the fact that they can be very easily
grown in pots and forced into bloom in March.
They are just as easy to grow as tulips and
hyacinths; they require, when grown in pots,
the same treatment as the Cape bulbs, such as
freesia, ixia, etc. For several years I grew from
a hundred to a hundred and fifty 8-inch pans of
the various varieties of coronaria in the green-
house. I used a good potting soil and stored the
plants during the late fall and early winter in a
“pit” or deep coldframe, where the frost did not
enter, but where the nightly temperature was
about 35 degrees. They were near the glass and
had the sun nearly every day during the win-
ter, and as much ventilation as we could con-
veniently give. Late in January, or early in
February, the pots were transferred to a cool
greenhouse, the temperature of which was from
35 to 37 degrees at night, with a rise of 10 or 15
degrees during the day time. This brought the
plants into flower in March.

With double glass sashes any one should be able to
grow these delightful plants with but little trouble.
Here in Central Pennsylvania during the past win-
ter there were several coldframes which went through
the winter growing lettuce and radishes without any
other protection than a banking around the sides
and ends of the frame. Such a place would be ideal
for these anemones, provided, of course, it was
ventilated during the day.

Pennsylvania. P. T. BARNES.

MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1911

HORSFORD’S

Hardy Plants
FOR AUTUMN
SETTING

Begin to plant Paeonias by the middle of
August, and those set before the middle of
September will give better results the fol-
lowing summer than if set after the mid-
dle of September or in the spring.

Hardy Irises, such as Germanica, Pumula
and the Japanese, may be set in early
August and geta better start with better
results the following season than those
setinlaterautumn. Many hardy perennials
are successfully set in the latter part of
August. Shrubs and trees from the north
are often ripened enough to transplant
by the middle of October. My Autumn
Supplement of Lilies, Trilliums, Tulips,
Daffodils, Crocuses and other plants
may be had for the asking.

FREDERICK H. HORSFORD,
Charlotte, Vermont

Grow Mushrooms
For Big and Quick Profits

I can give practical instructions worth many

dollars to you. No matter what your occupa-

tion is or where located, get a thorough knowl-

edge of this paying business. Particulars free.

JACKSON MUSHROOM FARM
6208 N. Western Ave. Chicago

Make the Farm Pay

Complete Home Study Courses in Agrienlture,
Mortienlture, Floriculture, Landscape Gardening, For-
estry, Poultry Culture, and Veterinary Science under
Prof. Brooks of the Mass. Agricultural College, Prof.

Craig of Cornell University and other eminent
teachers. Over one hundred Home Study
Courses under able professors in leading colleges.
250 pnee catalog free. Write to-day.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. A., Springfield, Mass.

Prof. Brooks

Write us and we will give you some good pointers. We will
also send information about Guns and Rifles.
J. Stevens Arms & Tool Co., Dept. 288, Chicopee Falls, Mass,

: W2u, TO BE A BETTER SHOT? |

All kinds of spraying outfits for all
purposes—Barrel, Knapsack, 4 Row
High Pressure Potato Sprayers,
complete Gas Engine Orchard rigs,
etc. Send for catalog, FREE.

Economy Gas Machine Co., Rochester, N. Y.

“Economy” Gas is Automatic, Sanitary and Not Poisonous

FIELD FORCE PUMP COMPANY

48 Eleventh Street Elmira, N. Y¥.

PLANET JR POTATO DIGGERS

are unequalled for weedy crops.
Write to-day for 1911 illustrated catalogue.

S. L. Allen & Co., Box 1108S Philadelphia, Pa.

SEEDS GROW

9
BURPEE If you want a copy of the

Leading American Seed

Catalog,’’ for 1911, address BURPEE, Philadelphia.

THE FARM LIBRARY

containing: “‘Soils,’’“‘ Farm Animals,’ Farm Management,’’“‘ Cotton,” Each
illustrated from photographs, Books sold separately at $2.20 per vol. postpaid.

Dovusiepay, Pact & Co., GarpEN City, N. Y.

Country Life in America

is all you could desire, if you use

“ECONOMY” GAS

For Lighting, Cooking, Water Heating,
Laundry, etc.
©*It makes the house a home’’
Send stamp today for “Economy Way” ©

SEPTEMBER, 1911

THE GARDEN

7 he Readers’ Service will give you
injormation about motor boats 83

MAGAZINE

Ellwanger &
Barry’s

Peonies
Phloxes

Irises

Are Unsurpassed in Variety and Quality
The Best Results are to be Obtained

by Planting in September

Illustrated booklet with descriptions and
planting directions FREE upon request.

MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES

Rochester, New York

STUDY FARMING

POULTRY FLOWERS AGRICULTURE
BY MAIL

Truek, Farming, Vegetable Gardening, Flower Culture, Fruit Growing,
Poultry Culture, Bee Culture, Greenhouse Management ani Construetion,
General Farming, also Dairying,Farm Engineering, Farm Management,
Soils, Farm Crops, Animal Husbandry, Farm Book-keeping, Ory Farm-
ing, Stock Farming, Teachers Course, Short Courses, Horses, Swine,
Sheep, Cattle, etc. Splendid, practical, understandable correspondence
courses by large Faculty of experts from leading Agr Colleges.

VALUABLE BOOKLET FREE

“How to Make the Farm Pay More”

Courses for actual farmers and prospective farmers, either in country, vil-
lage orcity, whether youown a farm,a garden or acity or suburban lot or ex-
pectto. A way out for the city man longingto get back to the farm. Learn
the latest improved methods of intensive Scientific Farming. Every one
can use some of our courses to advantage. Just the opportunity you have
been wanting—Zo learn at home. Easy payments. High time to arrange
to make your spare time count this winter. Send /oday for temporary low
rate and convincing proof. (Which course interests you?)

American Farmers’ School 72. Laird Building,

Minneapolis, Minn.

The New Berry—Giant Himalaya

Vine grows 40 feet a year unless trimmed. Hardy as
an oak—will stand the winters in any part of the country.
Bears enormous crops of rich, black berries—ten tons
% have been gathered from soo plants. Berries nearly an
inch long, sweet, melting, delicious.

Plants ready September ist. ro cents each; $1 a dozen;
$3 a hundred; $25 a thousand. Add xo per cent when
wanted by mail.

Send for Berrydale Berry Book. Tells about other

berries.
5 Berrydale Experiment Gardens
® Garden Avenue Holland, Mich

There’s Money in P oultry

Our Home Study Course in Practical Poultry
Culture under Prof. Chas. K. Graliam, late of the
Connecticut Agricultural College, teaches how to
make poultry pay.

Personal instruction. Expert Advice.
250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. P., Springfield, Mass.

1840

Old Colony Nurseries

HARDY SHRUBS, TREES, VINES,
EVERGREENS AND PERENNIALS
A large and fine stock of well-rooted plants grown
in sandy loam. Good plants; best sizes for plant-
ing very cheap, Priced catalogue free on appli-
cation, Wholesale and retail,

T. R. WATSON Plymouth, Mass.

THE
HARVESTER

By Gene
Stratton-Porter

Author of ‘‘Freckles’’ and “A
Girl of the Limberlost.’’

Mrs. Porter has lavished upon this unique story all the wealth of nature-lore
q and nature-love from her years of patient, enthusiastic study. “The Har-
vester,” David Langston, is a man of the woods and fields, who draws _ his
living from the prodigal hand of Mother Nature herself —selling the medicinal
roots and herbs and barks, the wild mushrooms and so on, which are _ his
for the gathermg. If the book had nothing in it but the splendid figure of
this man, with his sure grip on life, his superb optimism, and his almost miracu-
lous knowledge of nature secrets, it would be notable. But when the Girl comes
to his “Medicine Woods,” and the Harvester’s whole sound, healthy, large out-
door being realizes that this is the highest point of life which has come to him — there
begins a romance, troubled and interrupted, yet of the rarest idyllic quality.

By the Same Author

At the Foot of the Rainbow

Lining Pages. Illustrations in Color.
Fixed price, $1.35 (postage 1 5c.)

Music of the Wild
Decorated Wrapper.

DOUBLEDAY,
PAGE & CO.

GARDEN CITY
NEW YORK

: | Be:
Let us help you with your Color Scheme 4 finevoras
Whether your house is half-timbered, shingled all over or
rough clap-boarded, it should harmonize with its surroundings as
well as being artistic in itself. Our miniature stained shingles will
enable you to decide, right on the ground, which colors are best.

Dexter Brothers English Shingle Stains

do more than beautify — they frozect, adding years to the life of
the wood. And the colors will not fade. The secret lies in the use
of the best English ground colors mixed in linseed and our own
Dexter preservative ozs.

Write for bookletand sample miniature shingles TODAY.
Dexter Brothers Co., 110 Broad St., Boston, Mass.
Branehes: 1133 Broadway, N. Y., 218 Race St., Philadephia. Pa.

Makers of Petrifax Cement Coatinp
Agents; H. M. Hooker Co., Chicago; F. H. McDonald, §
Grand Rapids, Mich.; F. T. Crowe & Co., Seattle,
Spokane, Tacoma, Wash. and Portland, Ore.: E.B.Totten,
Security Bldg.. St. Louis, Mo.; Sherman-Kimbail, San
Francisco; Hoffschlager & Co , Honolulu; and dealers.

Wesley Lester Blithe, Architect, Philadelphia

84

If you wish to purchase live-stock
write the Readers’ Service

TH EF GAR DEN

MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1911

After the Revolution

The snow lies thick on Valley Forge
The ice on the Delaware,
But the old dead soldiers of King George
They neither know nor care —
They will not stir when the drifts are gone §
Or the ice melts out of the bay,

And the men that served with Washington
Lie all as still as they.

Each for his land, in a fair fight,
Encountered, strove, and died,

And the kindly earth that knows no spite

Covers them side by side.

She is too busy to think of war
She has all the world to make gay,

And, behold, the yearly flowers are

Where they were in our fathers’ day.

Golden rod by the pasture-wall
When the columbine is dead, Ml
And the sumach leaves that turn, in fall,
Red as the blood they shed.

Copyright, 1911, by Rudyard Kipling.

REWARDS AND

They. Special Holiday Edition.
color. Fixed price, $1.50 (postage 10c).
**Traffics and Discoveries. $1.50.
**The Five Nations.
age IIc).
**Just So Stories. Fixed price,
5c).

(postage 8c).
Collected Verse of Rudyard Kipling.
$1.80 (postage 14c).
"Kim. $1.50.

(postage 50c).
**The Day’s Work. $1.50.
**Stalky & Co. $1.50.
**Plain Tales from the Hills. $1.50.
People. $1.50.
**The Kipling Birthday Book.

shaw and Wee Willie Winkie.

Doubleday, Page &

Kipling
Poems in

A History of

In a score of wonderful poems in this book, Mr. Kipling thrills the reader through and

q through by a poetic flash of insight into the particular time and character of the men who
made it significant; and the result is a succession of revelations of the human heart
beating beneath the dry casing of historical fact such as exists in no other book we can cite.
And for a culminating point there is a “ Song of the Machines” which sums up our own time
with a penetration and insight and hopefulness of clear vision that leave the reader breathless.
It’s a lucky generation that will get its knowledge of the past from this unique volume!
Illustrated in color.

Other Books by RUDYARD KIPLING

Pocket Edition of volumes marked ** bound in flexible red leather, each net, $1.50 (postage 8c.)

**Puck of Pook’s Hill Illustrated in color. $1.50.
Illustrated in

Fixed price, $1.40 (post-
$1.20 (postage
The Just So Song Book. Fixed price, $1.20

A Song of the English. Net, $7.50 illustrated

**] ife’s Handicap; Being Stories of Mine Own

**Under the Deodars. The Hee NR

New

RUDYARD KIPLING

England

By RUDYARD KIPLING and
Professor C. R. L. FLETCHER

Net, $.180 (postage 20 cents).

FAIRIES. Illustrated. $1.50

The Brushwood Boy.
(postage 8c).

With the Night Mail.
(postage 10c).

Kipling Stories and Poems Every Child
Should Know. Edited by Mary E. Burt and
W.T. Chapin. Net $1.20 (postage 12c).

**The Light that Failed. $1.50.
**Soldier Stories. $1.50.

**The Naulahka (With Wolcott Balestier) $1.50.
**Departmental Ditties and Ballads and
Barrack-room Ballads. $1.50.

**Soldiers Three, The Story of the Gadsbys
and In Black and White. $1.50.

**Many Inventions. $1.50.

uy Feomses to Sea. Fixed price, $1.60 (postage
c).

**The Seven Seas. Fixed price, $1.40 (postage

4c).
**Abaft the Funnel. $1.50.
**Actions and Reactions. Illustrated. $1.50

Fixed price, $1.50

Fixed price, $1.00

Net,

Co., Garden City, New York

DAHLIAS

exhibition ; all labelled, for $1 — to pay for labelling and packing.

Geo. L. Stillman, Dahlia Specialist, Westerly, R. I., Box C

For the benefit of people who cannot
visit my gardens, and wish to order from
saniple flowers, I will send by express
50 blossoms, cut with short stems, as for

MOLES Brow Been |

Send 25 cents for enough beans for small lawn or garden,

Gold Medal Paeonies

On June roth the Mass. Hortl. Soc. awarded
me a gold medal for excellence of flowers and
correct nomenclature in present and past

exhibitions. No one can get a higher award.
All the choice varieties in the world, and
correctly named. List free.

E. J. SHAYLOR

WELLESLEY FARMS MASS.

or $1.00 for carton containing over 500 beans.

BROWNIE CHEMICAL COMPANY, Bound Brook, N. J.
WITH OR

SUN-DIALS witsotr
PEDESTALS

Send for Catalogue H 27 of pergolas,
sun dials and garden furniture or H 40
of wood columns.
HARTMANN-SANDERS CoO.
Chicago, II.
New York Office, 1123 Broadway

Draining a Wet Garden

are BE productive, garden soil must allow

the water to filter through it within ten or
twelve hours after each rainfall, leaving it moist
and crumbly. Soil with a porous substratum
accomplishes this, but if your garden tract is
saturated for long periods after rain it is unfit for
garden crops. You will have to drain it arti-
ficially. If the ground is low, receiving the sur-
face flow of the surrounding land, or if it has a
hard, almost impervious, subsoil, the drains should
be placed about three feet below the surface where
vegetables are to be grown and one foot deeper in a
fruit garden.

By placing the drains on a line with hard pan or
other impervious substratum of soil where it oc-
curs, the water can be readily carried off from the
more porous upper soil.

Before doing anything however, determine the
drainage outlet. This may be an open ditch or
a main drain through adjacent land. The open
ditch must be free of growth and its bed must
be lower than all tributary drains. The stoppage
of a covered drain is indicated by wet land above
it. This may be righted by opening the drain
where the trouble is and running rods up the pipe
in both directions. In drains that have been
down for years, an accumulation of roots or sand
in one place may disorder the whole system.

Having determined the outlet drains, the next
important step is the extent and direction of drains
to be used in the garden. Fora small garden fifty
feet square a line of pipe four inches in diameter laid
through its lowest part should insure the proper
dryness. In a large garden, with heavy wet soil,
the drains should be at least thirty feet apart, or
a smaller drain may connect the main drain at
such a point as will equalize the drainage.

All drains must follow the course of natural
drainage; that is, they must correspond to the
general slope of the land and where they connect
with others, the angle of juncture should offer
least resistance to the flow of the water.

’ For all ordinary garden purposes, use four-inch
tile.

In preparing the bed of the drain, mark its
general direction on the surface of the ground,
avoiding angles and short curves. Begin digging
at the proposed outlet and continue backward
along the proposed course. Remove the earth

for a part of the depth only, then go over the course
and remove the rest.

The bed of the drain should

%
;
4

es ee. of habe - .
Four-inch tile, with which good modern drainage
is done

Drain made from hemlock boards

SEPTEMBER, 1911
A Book on the Train is Worth Two in

Our Bookshop

in Pennsylvania Terminal, New York City

One of its Attractions —its Size. Small
enough to be Inviting. Large enough
to hold a Host of Interesting Things.
All our own Books and Magazines.
Everybody’s new Books—not all new
Books but most Good Ones.

Books for all Sorts of People.

Fine Prints from Famous Paintings.
Magazine Subscriptions. All Right at
your Elbow waiting to be Looked At.

Pay Us a Visit.

THE BOOKSHOP
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.

PENNSYLVANIA STATION NEW YORK CITY

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE 85

A Famous Collection
of PEONIES

CONSISTING OF

100 Choice Varieties especially selected for free-
dom of bloom, fragrance and delicate colors are
accurately described in accordance with the Peony
Bulletin of Cornell University in our superb Fall
Catalogue No. 29, now ready.

We offer three sizes viz: strong divisions 3 to 5 plump
eyes, | year and 2 year plants, guaranteed true to name.

S. G. HARRIS

TEL. 261R TARRYTOWN, N. Y.

Have You Decided Upon a School ?

@ If not, the World’s Work Handbook of Schools may be of

assistance to you in making a final choice.

Several articles by leading

educators will offer you helpful suggestions about the type of school that

should best fit your needs.

@_ In addition, the handbook contains a classified directory of a large
number of private schools of undoubted standing and excellence, with
concise and definite information about the advantages of each.

THE BOOK [S YOURS FOR THE ASKING

Address

Manager School Department

_ THE WORLD’S WORK.

Garden City, New York

Di a ee

x The Readers’ Service will give you
86 suggestions for the care of live-stock

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1911

They can’t spoil.

At all general stores.

serving Recipes.

blank spaces properly filled out.

This is to certify, That I have this day received one
on my part.

by you and returned before November 1, 1911

signature appears above.

is the Atlas E-Z Seal, because a touch of your
finger locks it so tightly that all air must stay out.
That keeps your fruit and vegetables as fresh and
flavory as when first picked. They can’t
E - Z Seal Jars never stick. They
open in a jiffy by a light pressure of the fingers.
twisting — no trouble — no regrets.
erous wide mouth of the

Atlas E-Z Seal

— big enough to take fruit whole, and you can preserve green beans,
asparagus uncut — and tomatoes with all their juices.
Seal Jars are the jars without a fault.
them and you'll wonder why someone didn’t make them years ago.

Write now for our booklet of Famous Pre-
We will gladly send it free

Hazel Atlas Glass Co., Wheeling, W. Va.

1 Qt. E-Z Seal Jar FREE for the Coupon

Please note —in order to secure free jar this coupon must be presented to your dealer before October 1, 1911,

HAZEL-ATLAS GLASS CO., Wheeling, W. Va.

“ Atlas”? E-Z Seal Jar Free of all cost and without any obligation
This is the first coupon presented by any member of my family.

INAMC Ss ices etanersecicss re toe ated eaten mivertens tae Carine eee toe Oe Addre:
TO THE DEALER:— Coupon will be redeemed at the full retail price by your jobber.

DEALER’S CERTIFICATE. This is to certify, that I gave away one “

Dealer’s Names): five dota pice kon ao pitas eee ete

“ work.”

No
See the gen-

Atlas E-Z

Put this year’s preserves into

with

COS AO ee So Recah aorcrOnartD Aa mec anatiomo ce o.0.0
All coupons must be signed

Atlas” E-Z Seal Jar to the person whose

PENNSYLVANIA
Quality LAL\AIN MOWERS

THE ONLY. MAKE WITH CRUCIBLE TOOL-STEEL
5 BLADES THROUGHOUT

The Hamilton Aerating
Beater and Freezer,

ae and Mixer

youn will note thie out Freezes ice cream better, more
showed te wey bas ‘iartelng quickly and with less trouble
eaten & seconds. W. than any other freezer. Whips
Cream as perfectly and solid. any cake dough smoothly and
quickly. It isimpossibleto make
aheavy cake with the Hamil-
ton. Churns butter in three
minutes, Makes mayonaise
dressing in one-sixteenth the
@ time required by the use of any
other beater Beats the whites
of eggs and whips cream solid
in fifty seconds. If you cannot
get one from your dealer we will
send thein prepaid on receipt of
the following, prices: 0 0
14 Pt. 1 Qt. 2O0t.
fliin wees $3e 606 $1.60
Nickel... 50¢ T5ce $1.25

AGENTS WANTED
EVERY WHERE

Live men can make $25 to $35
WEEKLY selling this new house-

| GEO. G. VENESS MFG. CO.
p 514 MAIN STREET CINCINNATI

KALAK Aims Sez
Lawn Producer

ay Mixed seed and fertilizer that comes up where everything else

W failed. All it needs is soil and moisture. Cheaper than common
Hw seed. 5 lb. box express prepaid east of Missouri river $1.00, or
west of the river for $1.25. Our instructive booklet, ‘‘ How to Make
aLawn’’ FREE. Written by experts; solves every grass problem,
Tells when and how to makea lawn. Send for it tonight.

YY The Kalaka Company, ®M4 Exchange Ave. Chicago, Ill.

LOOK OUT
FOR SPARKS

No more danger or damage from flying
sparks. No more poorly fitted. flimsy fire
place screens. Send for free booklet

“Sparks from the Fire-side.’’ It tells about
the best kind of a spark guard for your in-
diviiual fireplace. Write to-day for free
booklet and make your plans early.

The Syracuse Wire Works
107 University Avenue, - Syracuse, N, Y.

READERS’ SERVICE DEPARTMENT

is prepared to give impartial advice regarding

the different suburban real estate operations now
being carried on in New York City and vicinity

MANAGER REAL ESTATE DEPARTMENT

slope gradually on an incline amounting to about

two inches for every one hundred feet.

Where tiles are used, they are joined with the
flaring rim toward the higher part of the grade.

Where the old-fashioned horse-shoe tile is used,
a hemlock board is laid on the bottom of the drain,
the tile being placed in position upon it. At the
juncture of the sections, place straw or inverted
sods to prevent the soil from washing into the drain.

Where stones abound, the stone drain is often
cheaper and just as satisfactory. Make a trench
eighteen inches wide, the stones being filled in to a
depth of eighteen inches. Over this put a thick
layer of straw before the earth is filled in. Flat
stones are placed horizontally instead of in the
“hit or miss” fashion of the rubble drain.

A drain of hemlock boards is also very useful
and is cheaper than tile. Boards are split to
four-inch widths and joined at the edges, forming
a triangular drain which should be placed with
the apex down. If the boards of the upper side
are laid on crosswise, the result is more satis-
factory. The covering of straw should be used
in this case also before the earth is filled in.

New Jersey. M. RoBEerts CONOVER.

A Beautiful Forest Flower

_ pink lady’s slipper (Cypripedium acaule),
though the commonest of the moccasin
flowers, is rarely so abundant that the risk of a
single precious life is warranted. There is always
an element of chance in transplanting this beautiful
forest flower; but, after trying both ways, I am
firmly convinced that September is a materially
better time for the operation than the flowering
season.

In September the old leaves have hardened
and, just under the ground, the thick leaf-bud is
formed and thoroughly made ready for the winter’s
sleep. Similarly, and for the same obvious reason,
I have transplanted with success the painted and
erect trillium, Clintonia borealis, Cornus Canadensis
and Habenaria orbiculata. None of these, it goes
without saying, should be moved excepting to a
place where, by the use of shade and leaf mold,
forest conditions can be approximated.

New York. T8lo eee

—

The pink lady’s slipper (Cypripzdium acaule), com-
monest of the moccasin flowers

The Readers’ Service will give injormation 87

SprpremBer, 1911 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE about the latest automobile accessories

You Want Large

Blossoms and
Fine Foliage

In the quickest time

TRY BON ARBOR

@ The most wonderful results are obtained in the
shortest possible time. We maintain that Bon
Arbor is America’s best plant food. It is used on
the Capitol Gardens, Washington, D. C.; Parlia-
ment Gardens, Ottawa, Canada; Royal Windsor
Gardens, England, and over 2000 of the largest

private estates in United States. Canada and
Great Britain. It is used also by all show growers
for plants, flowers, vegetables, etc.

Put up in packages, in dry form, as follows:

% |b. can making 15 gallons, by mail, $ .30
1\b. <‘‘ oe .55
5 lb. ‘* sf “ express extra, 1.80

10 lb. ee “ée sé “eé ee 3.00

@Ask your seedsman or write for descriptive cata-
log. (We manufacture Radix Worm Eradicator,
Insecticides, weed killer, and all agricultural
chemicals). Special prices on large quantities.

Bon Arbor Chemical Co., Paterson, N. J.

Feed Your Plants; Get Results; Do It Now!
SAVE YOUR FRUIT TREES

Kill San Jose Scale, Aphis, White Fly, and all other parasites
and insects by spraying witha strong solution of

Good’s ci: Whale Oil Soap No. 3

Nothing to injure or poison trees, plants, vines or shrubs. No sulphur, salt
or mineral oils. Dissolves easily in water. Used and endorsed by
U. S. Department of Agriculture. a

50 Ibs., $2.50; x00 lbs., $4.50; larger quantities proportionately less.
rite today for free book on Plant Diseases.

JAMES GOOD, oeenel peneE 951 N. Front Street, Phila.

PAEONIES

The world’s best. Finest English, French and Amer-
ican varieties. Suchas Lady Alexandra Duff, Jas.
Kelway, Baroness Schroeder, M. Jules Elie, Etta and
many others. Plants true to name. Send for list.

Peony Specialist, W.L.GUMM, Remington, Ind,

Write today for our
LITTLE BROWN BOOK |
about them, It contains information

you should have and a selected list
of best varieties with prices,

PAUL DOVE
(Successor to Henry Saxton Adams)
Wellesley - - Mass.

Hardy Old-Fashioned Garden Flowers

Now is the time to plant Peonies, Phlox, Onental
Poppies, etc. Send for Catalogue and Special list of choice
perennial plants and Everblooming Hybrid-Tea Roses.

WM. TRICKER, Arlington, N. J.
Water-lilies and Hardy Plants a Specially

Better Lawns, Fiowers and Vegetables with

CG Pulverized
Wizard Brand Sheep Manure |}
Wonderful results quickly. No weeds or foreign grasses.
Economical and convenient to use. Unequalled for lawn,

flowers, 0. shrubs, fruit, meadows and grain fields.
ee bbl. freight prepaid east of Missouri

prices. Write for copy of booklet “‘Lawn
and Garden.’’ Gives valuable pointers.

$400 River: Cash with order. Ask for quantity |

THE PULVERIZED SSIS, COMEANY
19 Union Stock Yards Chicago
Wizard Brand is handled by 33 rst class seedsmen

‘STABLE

Do You Manage Your Home Like a Business?

@ These are days of applied economics in business, and the new
science of commercial efficiency.

@ And yet the business man, who is so particular in his office, will often neg-
lect the management of his household, and allow an expenditure of several
thousand dollars a year to slip through without system or accounting.

@ What man, however wealthy, likes to feel that he is not getting his
money’s worth? And what woman would not resent the imputation
that she is not capable of conducting her home on businesslike lines ?

@ Stop for a moment and think what this means. Then consult

THE HOME MANAGEMENT NUMBER

Country Life

im America
Out September 15th

ie throws light on many matters that have been

troubling you, and some that you have never

thought of. Here is a list of the leading articles.

They do not deal with academic theories, but with

facts. Every one is designed to be useful for im-

mediate practical application.

“ RUNNING A Home LIKE A BUSINESS,”’ by Phil M.
Riley. Systems of management and accounting
that save money.

““ HOUSEKEEPING FOR A CounTRY Home,” by Kate
V. Saint Maur. How to secure comforts and
even luxuries at a moderate price far from city
shops and conveniences.

“ScrentTiric HousEHOLD ACCOUNTING,” by Mary
Louise Furst. Time-saving and money-saving
methods by an expert.

“Tur ECONOMICAL VEGETABLE GARDEN,” by E. L.
D. Seymour, author of “Garden Profits.”” How
a home vegetable garden may be made to pay
handsomely, and how to get the best results
from restricted space.

“COGPERATION AMONG CoNSUMERS,” by A. P.
Hitchcock. A practical plan for reducing the
cost of living.

“BIRELESS CooKERY,’ by Margaret J. Mitchell,
author of ‘‘The Fireless Cook Book.”

“How WE SAveD Money.” A symposium of per-
sonal experiences by several of our readers,
“THE TRUTH ABOUT COOKING BY ELECTRICITY,” by
D.C. Shafer. A first-hand investigation among
homes where electricity is actually used. When,

where, and how electricity is economical.

25 cents per copy at the news stands.
$4.00 a year postpaid, $6.00 for two years.

Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N.Y.

Hammond’s Sold by Seedsmen and Merchants

“Hammond’s Cattle Comfort

Trade Mark

Keeps Cows, Horses or Mules free from Flies,
Gnats and other pests. It is cheap and effective. For
pamphlet on “Bugs and Blights” write te

Gaile Seroyal semi RT:

99

The Readers’ Service gives
88 information about insurance

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 1911

“YES, I ADMIT
’M GETTING

INTERESTED IN

THE WO:
“I ALSO
IT WONT DO ME MUCH
GOOD UNLESS I INSIST
ON GETTING CYPRESS
‘& NO SUBSTITUTES.”

CYPRESS Derizs Arr ROT INFLUENCES.
Get your CYPRESS (“and no substitutes!’’)
from your nearest Lumber Dealer. Write
our ‘‘All-round Helps Dept.’? TODAY. Tell
us your plans—and needs—and we'll send
Jree at once the Vol. of Cypress Pocket Library
that fits your case. (/7/lof V ALUABLE POINTERS. )

So. Cypress Mfrs. Assn.°""7 New Orleans, La.

ak ie)

“STOP DEPRE
BEFORE IT BEGINS—
USE CYPRESS AT 1st.”

“Do you like this style of a home instead
of a Bungalow? — Then Let’s Get It!”’

Working PLANS $?2.ifcations FREE in Vol. 29

: CYPRESS
yA POCKET
x A \ LIBRARY

“THE WOOD
THAT LASTS

SHALL BE FIRST.’’

Write Quickly for Vol. 18 of the famous
Cypress Pocket Library with complete Speci-
fications and Working Plans (that you can 5
build from) of this $3,000 CYPRESS HOME
Build of Cypress and you build but once.”
~~

*ico New Orleans, La.

“AS SIDING (CYPRESS)

PRACTICALLY WEARS
OUT BEFORE IT DECAYS.”
—U. S. Gov’t Rept., Bulletin 95, June, 1911
Write TODAY

just say
you’d like

Complete Specifications
and Working Plans of
THIS CYPRESS
Five - Room, $1650
BUNGALOW sent
FREE on request.

Any vol. ofthe CYPRESS POCKET LIBRARY and
Personal advice if you write “All-Round Helps.”

So.Cypress Mfrs. Assn. x2. New Orleans, La.

By MARGARET J. MITCHELL

This book explains in a simple way how to make and use this in-
vention, which has only recently become known, but has already proved
itself a real labor-saving, economical implement.

Including, as it does, 250 receipts, the volume must soon become a
necessity to all up-to-date housekeepers.

Net, $1.25 (postage 12c.)
Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, New York

Nineteen pen-and-ink drawings.

Testing Seed

| THE great corn belt of the Central West, the
subject of seed corn is of much importance.
The time to select the seed is when the crop
is beginning to ripen. Gather the healthiest,
strongest stalks with largest ears, straight rowed,
grains uniform in size and filled out plump at each
end of the ear. The largest-grained ears are to
be preferred but an ear is not to be condemned
because the grains are slightly smaller if the ear
has all the other qualifications above mentioned.
Choose only from the earliest stalks. This cannot
be so well done after the corn is in the shock, and
not at all after husked. These large early stalks
show a stronger constitution and a greater vitality.

The second step is the drying and the keeping.
Since we have it gathered early, there is plenty
of time to cure. Do not dry over the cook stove,
or too suddenly in any manner. Keep the seed
in a place free from moisture and draughts and in
as even a temperature as possible. Seed thus kept
retains all its vitality and germinating power.

Now, take a board eight or nine inches wide
and lay it flat and level at a convenient height.
Drive a nail‘in one end of the board. Begin to
place a row of ears on the board and tight against
the nail until the board is filled to the other end.
But it is best to put a nail along every twelve or
fifteen ears for the purpose of holding each ear
firmly in place, and number each ear.

Next take a box two feet wide and three feet
long made of inch boards, because thinner boards
might permit drying. Have the box from seven
to eight inches in depth. Moisten some good saw-
dust (each person must use his own judgment not
to get it too wet or too dry) and cover the bottom
of the box one and one half inches deep. Over
this sawdust put a cloth that will freely admit
of air and moisture, but do not use old sacks unless
they are very thoroughly cleaned.

Now imagine that this cloth is marked out in
four-inch squares. We take ear No. 1 and extract
one grain from near the butt of the ear. Turn a
row or two over and nearer the middle of the ear
extract another grain, and so on until the point
of the ear is reached. In all, it is best to pick out
six or eight grains from different places on the same
ear. Be very careful to replace the ear on the
board in its original number. Place these six or
eight grains on check No. 1 on the cloth just as if
planting them in hills in the corn-ground after
marked out for planting. The grains from ear
No. 2 are put on check No. 2, and soon. When,
however, the checks on the first cloth are all
filled, cover these grains with another cloth. Put
in another layer of sawdust and another cloth.
The purpose of using cloths is to hold the grains
apart so that one may at any time tell just which
grains came from ear No. 9 or 57.

When all this is done place the box in a good
warm growing place of even temperature, and in
from seven to nine days the grains will be suffic-
iently sprouted. No water need be applied, for
the sawdust will remain sufficiently moist.

Now, remove the cloth carefully. Say that the
first hill of six grains came from ear 274. We
find every grain sprouted — and showing a strong
vitality. Let them remain in their original places
on the board. The next grains are from ear 273.
We have three or four strong sprouts and two or
three weak ones, yet each grain is growing.

No. 273 shows weakness; it is very likely the
one that will produce stalks without ears on them.
Do not take it off the board because that would
leave the others loose and cause a mix-up, but
just shove it part way across the board so that it
may be distinguished. The third square may
show several grains that refuse to grow. Pull
the ear the other way, or one may use wooden pins
of different kinds pressed into the butt of the ear
in order to render the same classification. Thus,
after each ear has been examined, they may be
removed from the board and divided into the
classes to which they belong.

Lastly shell each ear in a pan by itself. If the
grains show up when shelled to be large, put them
in a measure by themselves. If the next ear has
smaller grains, put them by themselves and so on.
And if a planting machine is used, one needs only
to change the plates to correspond to the size of
these grains. T. W. TAYLor.

For information regarding railroad and steam-
SEPTEMBER, 1911 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE ship lines, write to the Readers’ Service 89

BEST RECORD
Ever Made by

Any Cream Separator
Only

A SHARPLES

Cut Down Expenses With

An THC Gasoline Engine

”
AVING time and work on the farm cuts down expenses—makes
farm life more pleasant and more profitable. Of all modern work
Could Do It x sae
fe oR AAR SO and time savers—an I H C gasoline engine stands first. It operates
1 © . . .
neg Bee ecnaiis ese a ees | > earn the many machines that now mean hard, disagreeable, expensive

One of our regular hand-driven Dairy Tubulars, of 500 hand labor. It solves the ‘‘keep-the-boys-on-the-farm’’ and ‘‘hired-
pounds capacity per hour, recently finished work equal

to 100 years’ service ina five to eight cow dairy. Total help’’ problem.
cost for oil and Tepairs only one dollar and fifteen cents. } ‘ . ,
Epes nubalar is free ie all 1 inspect who visit the Wouldn’t you like to have a simple, economical, efficient, durable IH C
world’s greatest separator works : aoe . . . .
Mee relroniaiisou the fully ilistrated record the engine that thousands of other progressive farmers are using with
of ius ee SSO EAETS ee Ppbulancener: m | such great profit and satisfaction? Wouldn’t you like to have it run your
iority. Seeho e parts of this Tubular re- ; ; 5 5
sisted wear. Tubulars are guaranteed forever i cream separator, feed cutter, pump, fanning mill, saw, grindstone, thresher,
y America’s oldest separ- ti

Aen clover huller, electric light plant, washing machine, and do the other odd
Tubulars outskimas well o@ i... = jobs around your farm?

asoutwearallothers. Have | | SS : 2

twice ies skimming force. g “ An I H Cengine costs less than any other if you measure by the years
ee Mey pais, aa se Sa gpa: 4 Bi of service. And you can get just the 1 H C you want. There is

contain no disks.

You will finally have a
Tubular. Get the
Tubular first. You
can try it without
paying one cent for
freight or anything
else. Other separ-
ators, exchanged for
Tubulars, are
simply pouring in.
Exchange yours.

A Style and Size For You

IH C Gasoline Engines are made in the following
styles and sizes:

Vertical type—2, 3, 25, and 35-H. P.; horizontal—1 to
25-H. P.; semi-portable—l to 8-H. P.; portak.e—l to 25-
H.P.; traction—12 to 45-H. P.; sawing, pumping, spraying,
and grinding outfits, ete. Built to operate on gas, gaso-
line, kerosene, distillate, or alcohol. Air-cooled or
water-cooled. Don’t buy any engine till you investi-
gate the IHC line. Learn all the facts about the
design, materials, and workmanship that g° into
the construction of IHC engines—
then decide. See the 1H C local
dealer at once, or, write ustoday
for our new catalogue. ,

Write for catalogue
No. 215.

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR COMPANY
WEST CHESTER, PA.
Chicago, Ill., San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore.
Toronto, Can. Winnipeg, Can.

IHC Service

Bureau

The Bureauis a
clearing house of
agricultural data. §
It aims to learn the
best ways ofdoing

World’s Clearing House §

a things onthe farm INTERNATIONAL
of Rural Literature cae es Bis shas HARVESTER
intormation
Your individualex- COMPANY
ALF a century ago our Book Depart- Series mer Was OF AMERICA
ment published its first rural book. others: Sendiyour (Incorporated) Go

problem to the
IHC Service Bu- '
reau.

Wi Harvester Building, Chicago, U.S.A.

CULTURE is the only way to make big
money on little capital. One acre is worth
$25.000., and yields more revenue than a
roo-acre Farin with much less work and

worry. Let me show you how to increase
your annual income $500. to $5000. WRITE NOW.

T. H. SUTTON, 1100 Sherwood Ave., Louisville, Ky.

THE DARING DAFFODILS OF MARCH

?
to blaze with beauty thro’ the chill spring winds MUST BE PLANTED NOW e

100 Flowering Bulbs postpaid for $1.00

The collection includes 20 distinct types of good old and choice new sorts, such as Mrs. Langtry*, Sir Watkin*, Poeticus* and P.
ornatus, Barri conspicuus, Princeps*, Trumpet Major*, Emperor, Bicolor Victoria, Golden Spur, Fragrant Jonquils, Paper W hite
Grand, Alba pl. odorata, Incomparabilis*,Orange Phoenix*, etc. Flowering bulbs of starred sorts,1c. each;ro’each of the 7 sorts for soc.

Lily-of-Valley*, Star-of-Bethlehem*, Roman Hyacinths,Grape Hyacinths.Tritelia, Scilla, Freesia*, Ixia*, Sparaxis, Crocus,3 bulbs of
each for 75 cts. Starred sorts, 20cts.per dozen. No order forless than 25 cts. postpaid. Lennie Greenlee. Old Fort, N. C., Route I

Since then it has made a steady,
strong and substantial growth. Now it is
the largest rural book publishing house in
the world. Not only in extent of business
but in range of subjects. Its book list em-
braces every department of farm interest,
and since the authors are recognized spec-
ialists in their respective lines, the books
are acknowledged as standards, both by
practical men and eminent agricultural ed-
ucators in all English speaking countries.

We have just issued a new and elabor-

or the Ames Plow Company’s farm and
garden implements when you seed or cultivate.

AMES PLOW COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS,

ately illustrated catalog, 128 pages, 6x9
inches, containing detailed descriptions of
upwards of 500 of the most practical and
modern books on agriculture and allied sub-
jects. The progressive farmer cannot af- ——
ford to do without the assistance of the For the Permanent Garden Makes the Dis-
new agricultural knowledge and experience. GIANT DARWIN TULIP play During the Month of May. Plant Now.

One hint or new idea may easily be worth

hundreds of dollars in avoiding the mistakes We offer the following five varieties which are in every way the best distinct five:
made by others, and in profiting by what the BARTIGON. Brilliant crimson, interior shaded Doz. I0o LA CANDEUR (White Queen). Almost pure Doz. ee,
best experts have spent large sums to find ee iwnite base uy eran Homer: = Can be white; of sturdy habit. Height, ee et Ae Fe $0 35 $27
out. You can get it all for the small cost oe sae eee fake eae e ees $950 $3 50 Dees ae ie Height, Pate oe 35 275

f ks Cd |__ Beit, 2 dm. 2-2-2222 oes e------+ $050 $3.58 called the black tulip. Height, 22 inches......
| Thiscatalogis 2s essential to themodem {| PASONNG de ta TONNAYE., 4 25 a ce ee

eaut: lower; clear carmine-rose at the mid- ow s
i te rib, toning off to soft pink at the edges; base salmon rose, shaded scarlet, light _blue base.

ee pene aay othe: oe OTe Silis Gigaiblta Saale acmeies ns 2 40 250 Awardof Merit, R.H.S. Height, 28 inches... 40 3:00
eee coa's 10 covericeet of hailing. SPECIAL OFFER. Ten each five varieties, 50 bulbs, $1.50

Our catalog bulbs for autumn planting just issued. A comprehensive catalog of the best bulbs to plant this fall mailed free on request.
ORANGE JUDD COMPANY

50 Barclay St.
Ashland Bldg., 315 4th Ave., N. Y. S7 ] M. PPG W A se | E Ri O ioe Ve
¢ New York City

If you wish to purchase live-stock
90 write the Readers’ Service

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

SEPTEMBER, 191f

Before you decorate, get our“Style Portfolio of Home
Decoration.” It shows how to decorate elaborate or
simple homes with Paints and Varnishes.

It contains 20 plates in colors, showing
different treatments for all the rooms
found in most houses, together with
a large number of pleasing color
combinations for outside painting.

Sent on receipt of 5 cents in stamps to cover mailing.

SHERWIN-WILLIAMS
PAINTS €VARNISHES

Address all inquiries to The Sherwin-Williams Co.,657 Canal Road, N. W., Cleveland, Ohio

Red Cedar Chest a Unique Gilt

For —
Wedding, i e
Birthday
or Xmas.

You could not |
make a more
acceptable gift
than this beau-
tiful Red Cedar
Chest. It is
hizhly polished and artistically finished, has
antique copper bands, The fragrant Southern mountain-
grown Red Cedar Protects Furs and Clothing Against Moths

He

ei
Ss
without the use of camphor. Mice-Dust-Damp-Proof. We SHIP DIRECT

FROM OUR FACTORY AT FACTORY PRICES, Freight prepaid.
Write for catalog. Shows many other styles and gives prices.

PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST CO., Dept. 57, Statesville, N. C.

Endorse BONORA

Use this great plant food on your
vegetables, flowers and rose-bushes,
and you will get wonderful results.
Your vegetables will mature two or

Thousands

—\j three weeks earlier,3sweet and ten-

THE GREATEST te |i! der, Your rose-bushes will bloom
FOQH||f until winter. Use Bonora on your

lawns. It will make all plant life

grow as if in the tropics, Endorsed
by Luther Burbank, John Lewis
Childs, Dingee & Conard. Order
direct or from your dealer. Put up
in dry form in all size packages:—
1 lb. making 28 gallons' postpaid, $ .65

5 lbs. te) 09 2.50
tolbs. ‘ 4.75
5olbs. ‘* co 22.50

“ toolbs. ‘‘ 2800 on 35.00

BONORA CHEMICAL CO.
488-492 Broadway,
NEW YORK

Bares CyemicaL. Co.

564 Broaowar. New Yorn

“Achievements in HOUSE HEATING”

Kelsey Heated at Almont, Conn.
J. Lovell Little, Jr., Architect, Boston

KELSEY HEATING

is for city or country homes of any size from 5 to
75 rooms, and for churches and school buildings

Let us give you names of prominent users.

KELSEY HEATING CO.

SEND FOR THIS BOOKLET

so that you may know what GOOD HEATING
REALLY IS, and what has been accomplished
in heating and VENTILATING fine residences

by the
SYSTEM

KELSEY *'3ir™
who prefers good ventilation

EVERY

HOME and healthful heating to the
BUILDER warmed over, unfit-to-breathe,
unhealthful air of steam and hot water
radiators SHOULD INVESTIGATE KELSEY

HEATING.

40,000 HOME OWNERS

have installed Kelsey Heating because it is
most EFFICIENT and ECONOMICAL and for
the MORE IMPORTANT REASONS that it sup-
plies a COMPLETE CHANGE OF PROPERLY
WARMED AIR TO EVERY ROOM 32 to 5 TIMES
PER HOUR, and is most easily managed and
regulated.

Main Office: 116 E Fayette Syracuse, N. Y.
New York Office: 156-K-Fifth Avenue

The Cuckoo Flower

Foe years, half of a city block in Hartford
was occupied at one end by an old mansion
and its grounds, while the other was given over to
a little meadow that was nearly all dell. Often
a cow grazed in this urban meadow, and always
in the spring and early summer the passer-by
gazed through the pickets of the high fence; for
this was a true “flowery mead”. Thick among
the buttercups and daisies was a little pink flower
that all admired, but few, if any, could name.

One day as I was gazing through the pickets
the lady with me said: ““‘Why don’t you climb
over the fence and get some of it?” I did so,
securing a few small plants with the aid of my
penknife. These I planted in one of my hardy
borders, and early the following summer the little
patch of dark green foliage tufts was crowned with
a billowy mass of ragged pink blossoms. I am
glad now that I not only stole this cuckoo flower
(Lychnis Flos-cuculi) but stole it in time; for she
who so long preserved this little meadow soon

E

i

A wild flower certainly worth growing in the hardy
border — the cuckoo flower

passed away, the dell has been leveled, and where
once were myriads of waving pink blossoms are
houses and more houses.

Lately I have learned how this cuckoo flower —
came to be a stranger in a strange land. The
father of the recent owner planted English grass
seed on the place. Some seed of the wilding hap-
pened to be mixed with it and, taking kindly to
the surroundings, gradually made its way over
the great stretch of grass.

So far as I am aware, the cuckoo flower is quite
unobjectionable and I should say that it would
be very valuable for naturalizing on a large estate
— in any place where the grass is cut with a scythe
or mowing machine. So far as the hardy border
is concerned, it is worth a place there — even be-
side its glorious double relative (Lychnis Viscaria,
var. splendens). It is a perennial and is easily
kept within bounds if not allowed to go to seed.

Connecticut. B. G

Plain Words from a Painter
to a House Owner

“Vou would think that painters averaged better
than bankers, lawyers or merchants, the way
people trust them,’’ said an old painter to a
property owner who had cailed him in to tell
why his painting had gone wrong.

“Painters will average just as high in skill and
honesty as any class, perhaps,’’ he continued,
“but we have fakirs to contend with in our trade
as much as you do in yours. And you property
owners leave everything to the painter who bids
lowest.

“There is nothing much wrong with this job
except that the painter used a substitute for pure
white lead and did his work too hurriedly. I
suppose he had to do it in order to make anything
on what you paid him.

“‘Next time specify pure white lead guaranteed
by the ‘Dutch Boy Painter’ for all your painting,
and give the good painters in your community
an even chance. Then allow them time to do
the work right.”’

Ask us for “‘Dutch Boy Paint Adviser
No. 695.” Includes information on paint-
ing decoration (in the house and out)
flower and shrubbery arrangement, etc.—a
most valuable collection of booklets—free.

NATIONAL LEAD

COMPANY
An office in each of the following
cities :
Cincinnati Chicago Cleveland
New York Boston Buffalo
San Francisco St. Louis

(John T. Lewis & Bros. Co., Philadelphia)
(National Lead & Oil Company, Pittsburgh)

|] The
ERI CA World
il\ / Over

Well and Prospecting
Drilling Machinery

make a complete line of Drilling

Machines and tools for every con-
dition of earth and rock drilling and
mineral prospecting. Complete
catalogue No. 120 showing over 40
styles of machines free.

The American Well Works
Gen. Office and Works: Aurora, Ill.
Chieago Office: First National Bank Building

43 years’ successful operation. Used |
in nearly all parts of the world. We f

Victor
Herbert
now makes
records
only
for the

Photo
White

g June 1, 1911
“T have entered into an agreement with the Victor Talking Machine Company to make
exclusively for them, under my personal direction, records of Victor Herbert s Orchestra;
and have entered into this agreement because of the artistic merits of their goods and because
of the great names represented in their record catalog.’’
authority on music. tv Layla
He realizes the Victor is the only instrument
that brings to you the music of his orchestra as his orchestra actually plays it.

So he joins the ranks of the world’s greatest artists who make records only for
the Victor.

The first Victor Records by Victor Herbert’s Orchestra

Victor Purple Label Records, 10-inch, 75 cents
60050 The Rosary........... Ea Mca Sek oN SN eae ame ea astite love cuore lorets Nevin

60051 Melody inF ................. SE arom aera MR oe Rubinstein

You caa take Victor Herbert’s word for it.
America’s gifted composer is surely a competent (

2 Victor Purple Label Records, 12-inch, $1.25
70046 Liebestraum (A Dream of Love)......... ..--+.++:: Liszt
(0047 wAir for G String ies ec sc ce Pho Semone en daeeaedewse Bach

70048 March of the Toys (from “Babes in Toyland”) .... Herbert
Victor Talking Machine Co., Camden, N. J., U.S.A.

Berliner Gramophone Co., Montrea!, Canadian Distributors

ome

HIS MASTERS VOICE”

REG. U.S PAT. OFF

New Victor Records are on sale at all dealers on the 28th of each month

The ‘““Reeco”’ Rider or ‘‘Reeco”’
Ericsson Hot Air Pump

and a pneumatic tank comprise the safest, surest, most economical, and simplest WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM.

Following over fifty years’ experience in supplying water for
every conceivable purpose and under all kinds of conditions and in
every country on the globe, we have made another advance by adopt-
ine the pneumatic tank which can be of any capacity desired, accord-
ing to requirements, and can be placed in the cellar, out building, or
under ground and furnish a pressure that will protect any building in
case of fire or send the water to any part of your house, barn, grounds,
or factory. Over 40,000 ““Reeco” pumps now in use. Let us tell you
more about it.

Write for Catalogue U to nearest office

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.

New York. Boston. Philadelphia. Montreal, P. Q. Sydney, Australia
Also Makers of the “Reeco” Electric Pumps

99

r Plant’’ mounted
-point support ’\

7

}
Cc

nience of these luxuri-
and suburban use
imousines, Landaulets and Berlines meet every requirement
Landaulets and Berlines of Model AA six-cylinder 43.8 H.P.
of Model Y (six) 54.1 H.P. and Model X (four) 36.1 H.P.

ur Advance catalogue for the season of 1912 contains detailed information of Stevens-Duryea
osed and Touring Cars. This book also embodies interesting facts about
HE SEVENTH YEAR OF SIXES. We will be glad to send you a copy on request.

TRYEA COMPANY, Chicopee Falls, Mass.

THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS. GARDEN CITY. NEW YORK

JFVAIRUVAIING

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World’s Choicest Nursery

and Greenhouse Products
EARLY AUTUMN PLANTING

The proper way to buy is to see the material growing. We
shall gladly give our time and attention to all intending pur-
chasers visiting our Nursery and invite everybody interested in
improving their grounds to visit us. Our Nursery consists of
upwards of 300 acres of highly cultivated land, and is planted
with a choice selection of Ornamental Nursery Products, placing
us in a position to complete plantings and fill orders of any size.

ia 3 aa) BOXWOOD. We grow thousands of plants in many shapes
in Our Nursery and sizes Everybody loves the aroma of old-fashioned
oxwood.

EVERGREENS AND CONIFERS. | More than 75 acres of HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS. We have thousands of rare,
our Nursery are planted with handsome specimens. Our pew and old fashioned kinds. Our Herbaceous grounds are especi-
plants are worth travelling any distance to see. ally interesting at this time. Special prices on quantities.

RHODODENDONS. Catawbiense, English Hatdy Hybrids BAY TREES, DECORATIVE PLANTS FOR CONSERVA-

and Maximum. Our collection consists of thousands of choice . . .
specimens and ordinary sizes in the most desirable varieties. Oe ere aoe decorations are grown in our

HEDGE PLANTS. We havea large quantity of California
Privet. Berberis and other Shrubs for Hedges. BRD ae NG AND CLIMBING VINES. Ask for

POT GROWN STRAWBERRIES. French Four Season 2 =
and all other leading varieties. Ask for special list. BULBS AND ROOTS. We import large quantities of Bulbs and

Roots from Japan, Holland and other parts of Europe. Our
LAWN GRASS SEED. B. & A. Rutherford Park Mixture Special Autumn Bulb Catalogue will be mailed upon request.

remains unequalled. rea
TREE AND HERBACEOUS PEONIES. In the choicest PLANT TUBS AND WINDOW BOXES. Ask for special lists.
varieties. :
DECIDUOUS TREES AND SHRUBS. Many acres of our
Nursery are planted with several hundred thousand trees and
shrubs. It is worth while to visit us and inspect them.
OUR NEW GIANT FLOWERING MARSH MALLOW
This is the floricultural marvel of the age. Everybody in-
terested in Hardy Old-Fashioned Flowers should visit our
Nursery and see this wonderful plant now in bloom.
OUR ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOGUE NO.
25 will tell you about the above and all our other products
for Lawns and Gardens.

We Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Everywhere

We Can Make Old Gardens New and New Gardens
Old With Our ‘“World’s Choicest Nursery- Products”

VISITORS, take Erie Railroad to Carlton Hill, second stop on
Main Line, 3 minutes walk to Nursery.

BOBBINK & ATKINS

Sai iia : — . Nurserymen, Florists and Planters and tS 4 Wats pan
ecorative walk in our Nursery bordered with a combination planting of RUTHERFORD N. A Our Botanical Shrub Border

Main Entrance to Our Nursery

Ornainental Evergreens and Deciduous Trees

LAST CALL

Dutch Bulbs and Plants
direct from Holland

The best Dutch Bulbs you can buy—solid, spotless,
full of vitality, true to name and color—are described in
our new Dutch Bulb catalog—just issued.

If you are planting bulbs this fall—or ever
expect to buy them—you owe it to yourself to
read this book. Tells briefly and defin-
itely the difference between the big, flabby
bulbs which disappoint, and the big, solid
e bulbs which give largest and best results.
A F amous Collection It tells and illustrates how to force bulbs

for indoor bloom—indicates the best var-

ieties for this and other purposes. Des-

] cribesand illustrates the best new European
O introductions in tulips, hyacinths, narcissi

and themany other Dutch Bulbs and Roots,
CONSISTING OF

which you should plant. Write for it today
—the first edition is being rapidly exhausted.

100 Choice Varieties especially selected for free- _ Impelled by the increasing Amer-
dom of bloom, fragrance and delicate colors are | | ican demand for the choicest bulbs,

accurately described in accordance with the Peony the largest sO wero Bulbs
This is Pride of Haar-

Bulletin of Cornell University in our superb Fall J | wit! hereafter sell direct to the consumer from their American Branch lent Tulip eases
Catal No. 29 d victeugh the same finn haa branches in ethefleadine conic ee
= s ‘
e18 ere o. yp BST NSE: We This business has become the largest in the world in the distribution of highest quality bulbs, the
basis of growth being the better results produced by such bulbs. Though you have made other arrange-
ments for part of your Fall planting of Spring flowering bulbs, it will pay you io test our Dutch
Bulbs direct from Holland with the best you can buy elsewhere.
We welcome such comparison—we know that results next Spring will bring us all your future orders.
That real first quality bulbs can be secured at moderate cost, if bought direct from our Dutch

Nurseries is proven by these prices.
HYACINTHS TULIPS NARCISSUS (Daffodils) CROCUS

it i

OF OUR FOUR FIELDS OF P

We offer three sizes viz: strong divisions 3 to 5 plump
eyes, | year and 2 year plants, guaranteed true to name.

Also a full line of Fruit and Ornamentals, $2 per 100 up $1 per 100 up 75c per 100 up 40c per 100 up
including extra sizes for immediate effect Gt. van Waveren and Kruijff, American Branch House, 527. Bourse Bldg.
LOUIS BERGER, Mer. Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A.

S z AND.
S.G. HARRIS TARRYTOWN, N. 7. || oe eee aaa earn cee ee aR Ri
onaon. ngiana, uteburg, weden,

OctospeR, 1911 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 95

POULTRY SECRETS DISCLOSED

We offer to all poultry raisers the essential knowledge and secret methods of many of the most successful
poultrymen of America. As a rule these secrets have been guarded with extreme care, for it is on them that
the great successes have been built. They have cost years of labor and thousands of dollars. They will cost
YOU only a trifle and a few minutes to write us.

HOW WE OBTAINED THESE SECRETS

Michael K. Boyer, Associate Editor American Poultry Advocate, has had exceptional opportunities and
the closest friendship with poultrymen all over the country. They have freely told him some of their most
jealously treasured secrets, many others we have bought, and this scattered material, together with several
of Mr. Boyer’s own valued methods, has now been collected in book form. It must be clearly understood
that every secret printed has been obtained in an honorable way.

“POULTRY SECRETS”

: First published in 1908, this collection of the carefully guarded secrets of famous poultrymen created a sensation
In poultry circles. It has run through thirteen editions, and is still selling at a lively rate.

READ WHAT PURCHASERS SAY

I received Farm Journal and ‘Poultry Secrets,”
and am very much pleased with both. The secrets are
worth their weight in gold. Why, I paid $5.00 for the
sprouted oat method. You certainly give a fellow
over his money’s worth.

Andrew F. G. Morey, Utica, N. Y.

CONTENTS

SECRETS OF FOWL BREEDING—Burnham’s Secret of Breeding. Felch’s
Mating Secret. Mendel’s Secret of Heredity. Secret of Alter-
nating Males for Fertility. Secret of the Philo System. The
Grundy Method. Curtiss’ Secret of Hatching More Pullets than
Cockerels. Davis’ Secret of Raising Every Chick. Babcock’s
Secret of Developing the Spike on a Rose Combed Fowl.

I purchased a copy of ‘‘Poultry Secrets” and find
many helpful ideas in it, especially Dr. Woods’ Egg
Hatching Secret.

Mrs. F. T. Darnell, Westfield, Ind.

SECRETS OF FEEDING—Secret of Feeding Grains. Dr. Woods’ Laying
‘ood Secret. Feeding Linseed Meal. Feeding Meat and Salt.
Proctor’s Salt Secret. Brackenbury’s Secret of Scalded Oats.
Feeding Charcoal, Grit and Oyster Shells. Secret of Green Feed.
Secret of Feed at Fifteen Cents per Bushel. Sprouted Barley Se-
cret. Smith’s Secret of Preserving Vegetation in Poultry Runs.
Important Feeding Secret. Miscellaneous Feed Pointers. Chick
Feed Secrets. Seely’s Secret of Dry Bran Feeding. Gowell’s Fat-
tening Secret. Gray’s Fattening Secret. Greiner’s Corn Feeding
Secrets. McGrew’s Secret of Feeding During Moulting.

By putting within our reach these “Poultry Secrets,”
you are doing a more philanthropic work than giving
alms or endowing hospitals, for you make it possible
for us to make both ends meet. ; ;

L. Boyce, Milwaukee, Wis.

SECRETS OF HOUSING AND CARE—Secret of Successful Yarding. Se-
cret of Telling the Laying Hen. Secret of 200 Eggs per Hen per
Year. Jawney’s Secret of Insect Killers. Secret of Successful
Moulting. Zimmers’ Secret of Securing Foster Mothers. Broody
Hen Secrets. John Robinson’s Secret. Secret of Chicks Dying in
Shell. Secret of Scaly Leg Cure. Secret of How to Hold a Fowl.
Blanchard’s Secret of Stopping Cocks from Crowing at Night.

Received your book of “Poultry Secrets.” It’s an
exceptionally instructive work, and worth $10 to any
progressive poultryman. I would not care to take
that for my copy if I could not get another. _

Robt. F. Kingsland, Montville, N. J.

EGG SECRETS—Brown’s Secret of Preserving Eggs. Secret of Killing
the Fertility of Eggs. Secret of Obtaining Winter Eggs. Secret of
the Angell System. Secret of Eggs All the Year. Secret of Having
Perfect Eggs. Kohr’s Secret of Selecting Layers. Kulp’s Secret
of Producing Great Layers. Professor Rice’s Fat Hen Secret.
Crane’s Secret of Holding Eggs for Hatching. Boswell’s Secret of
Testing Eggs, Dr. Woods’ Egg Hatching Secret.

The Farm Journal came to hand, and later “Poultry
Secrets” also arrived, all of which I was very glad to
receive and have been greatly interested in reading
same, and think you are doing a glorious work in
diffusing such valuable knowledge for so little money.

F. B. Meade, Boston, Mass.

Is this cock properly held? “Poultry
Secrets” tells you how to carry fowls,
and scores of secrets far more im-
portant and hitherto unrevealed.

14th EDITION
NOW READY

Revised and up-to-date.

MARKET SECRETS—Judging the Age of Dressed Poultry. Secret of
Dressing Fowls. Secret of Celery-Fed Broilers. Secret of High
Priced Stock. Truslow’s Secret of High Prices for Ducks.

As to “Poultry Secrets,” I will say, I have lectured
on this subject over the greater portion of this state for
the past fifteen years, and have about every book that
is published on this subject in my library, and I con-
sider this book of yours the most valuable I know, by

, for the general public.
Se : P L. A. Richardson, Marine, Ill.

SECRETS OF EXHIBITING—Drevenstedt’s Secret of Exhibition Fowls.
Heimlich’s Secret of Exhibition Fowls. Zimmer’s Secret of Line
Breeding. Rigg’s Secret of Uniform Markings. Marshall’s Secret
of Training Show Birds. Lambert’s Method of Growing Good
Tails. Heck’s Secret of Adding Exhibition Weight. Fishel’s Secret
of Preparing Fowls for Early Fall Shows.

Profusely illustrated, with many fine drawings and diagrams. 64 pages.
HAVE YOU USE FOR SUCH A BOOK? THEN READ THE OFFER BELOW.

The POULTRY SECRETS BOOK is sold in combination with the Farm Journal, Philadelphia.

The FARM JOURNAL is the standard paper for everyone who lives in or near the country, or ever has, or ever expects to. A particularly fine poultry
department, more valuable than most poultry papers. 34 years old, 750,000 subscribers and more. Goes everywhere. Clean, clever, cheerful, amusing, intensely
practical. Cut to fit everybody, young or old, village, suburbs or rural routes. Unlike any other paper and always has been. _

AMERICAN POULTRY ADVOCATE, the great New York State paper, published at Syracuse, and full of good reading matter, is always welcomed by
the subscriber. Now inits roth year. It is conceded to be one of the best poultry papers published in the United States. Well edited by recognized authorities
on the subject of practical poultry raising. Has a guaranteed circulation of 45,000 copies per month.

SPECI AL OFFER For $1.00 (cash, money order or check) we will send postpaid the Poultry Secrets Book and the
Farm Journal for two years, and American Poultry Advocate two years, all for $1.00 (to
Canada $1.60, to foreign countries $2.00, and to Philadelphia, Pa., $1.40) if order is sent at once to

AMERICAN POULTRY ADVOCATE, 133 Hodgkins Block, SYRACUSE,

No Ye

ders? Service gi
96 Me ee UN CAR IOMIN MAGAZINE Ochop aeons

| Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory Information about the selection or care of dogs,

poultry and live stock will be gladly given.
Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, THE GARDEN MaGazineE, 11-13 W. 32d Street, New York.

CANDEE

Poultry on a Sound Business Basis

Unlimited Opportunity in Fancy Stock, Broilers, Baby
Chicks and Custom Hatching.

Bankers, manufacturers and profes-
sional men are installing Candee
Incu-Brooding Systems on their
farms. They recognized the
money making possibilities in
poultry and their plants will
average a hatching capacity of
4800 eggs every three weeks,
The Incu-Brooder is sectional
like a book-case and is built
from 1200 eggs upward.

Large Berkshires

at Highwood

Regular Summer offering of brood

sows, either open or safe with pig.
_, Price $35.00 each and higher.
Young pigs in pairs anc trios, mated
# not akin. We have over 500 registered
*. Berkshires in our herd. As large. if not
the largest herd of these animals in
+ he United States.

H. C.& H.B.Harpending, Dundee, N.Y.

There’s Money in P oultry

Our Home Study Course in Practical Poultry
Culture under Prof. Chas. K. Graliam, late of the
Connecticut Agricultural College, teaches how to
make poultry pay.
Personal instruction. Expert Advice.
250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. P., Springfield, Mass. Prof. Graham,

WK
SAA
S Keep Your
S Pure Milk Pare!
’ This pail keeps out tne”
dirt, hair and filth that
get inat milking time.
Strong, patterned right, |

TERILAC

SANITARY MILK PAIL
Approved by up-to-date dairy-
men. Price $2.50. Sent di- }
rect on Ten Days’ Approval if
not found at your dealer’s.

Candee Systems are Hot Water Heated--Insurable.
When desired we furnish building plans, expert advice as to location, equipment

and all other details. CATALOGUE UPON REQUEST.
Candee Incubator & Brooder Co., Dept. 15, Dewitt, N. Y.

MAKE HENS LAY

Lots of eggs by feeding green bone fresh
cut, because it is rich in protein and all other
egg elements. You get twice the eggs—
more fertile; vigorous chicks; earlier broil-
ers; heavier fowls; bigger profits.

MANN’S dpe. BONE CUTTER

cuts all kinds of bone, with adhering meat and gristle, easy, fast
and fine. Automatic feed, open hopper, never clogs. Book free.
10 days’ free trial. No money in advance.

F. W. Mann Co., Box 325, Milford, Mass.

—<—— ==

and lively growing pigs are quick money-makers. Jersey Reds are the most
Satisfactory, all-around breed. Those who have tried them say so. Fatten
easily and quickly, are’ sinall-boned, long-bodied, vigorousand prolific; quality
of meat unsurpassed. Have some choice ofterings now. Satisfaction guaranteed,
Writequickly. Free Catalog. Arthur J. Collins, Box ‘Il, Moorestown, N. J.

Write us and we will give you some good pointers. We will
also send information about Guns and Rifles.
J. Stevens Arms & ‘lool Co., Dept. 218, Chicopee Falls, Mass.

Jersey Reds are Lively Growers | DO ¥28; TO BE A BETTER SHOT? |

Baby Chicks of Quality
Sent by Express Direct to You

Why bother with eggs? I can supply you with healthy |
young chicks at once and guarantee them to reach you in good
condition. Fishel Strain White Plymouth Rocks, S.C. R. I.
Reds. Pricesreasonable. Chick catalogue free.

R.C. Caldwell, Box 1025, Lyndon, Ross Co., Ohio J

BONORA, the Great Magical Fertilizer

Have you tried it? Your fall vege-

tables will mature two to three

weeks earlier. Your flowers and

S| rose Pushes wa conf bloom

until late in the winter. Every vari-

THE SP ODERNTINES. ety ot plant life needs assistance at
P j this season of the year. It is highly
endorsed by the greatest authorities.

among them Luther Burbank, John
Lewis Childs, Dingee & Conard.
Order direct or from your seed
houses. Put up in dry form in all
Size packages as follows:
r lb. making 28 gallons, postpaid, $ .65
sibs. “ x40 EO 2.50

Maplecroft Rhode Island Reds

win at all the leading shows. “It pays to buy Power for Country Homes
the best.” Stock and Eggs for sale in large 1 H C Gasoline Engines are simple and easy to operate, besides

being economical, durable. and reliable. e ideal power for

quantities. Send for Circular and Mating List pumping water and operating machines on the farm or estate. Write Bonora CHEMICAL CO. EE ey Gc aide
for catalogues of facts and figures. Address 564 Broxoway, New Yonk BONORA CaCtiGneG
of S. C. Reds. J. G. Dutcher, Prop. Address INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA 488.492 Brea twar\cor MPG?
ncorporat , 2 - :
Maplecroft Farms, Pawling, New York | | 71 Harvester Bldz. Chicago USA | WE Oe

4 | il D BETTER LAWNS AND GARDENS
WIZARD BRAND
Pulverized Sheep Manure

Wonderful results quickly. No weeds or toreign grasses.
Economical and convenient to use. Unequalled for lawn,
flowers, trees, shrubs, fruit, meadows and grain fields. __

per bbl. freight prepaid east of Missouri
490 River. Cash with order. _ Ask for quantity
mum Dlices. Write forcopy of booklet **awn
and Garden.’ Gives valuable pointers.
THE PULVERIZED MANURE COMPANY
19 Union Stock Yards Chicago
Wizard Brand is handled by jirst class seedsmen

a CATS

You can buy better, cheaper, more complete ready (factory) made hen-houses, roosting and nesting fixtures,
A $40.00 HOUSE _, Coops, etc., from Potter & Co., because they have been making these goods for ten years and know how.

Complete : Convenient : Sanitary

Potter Portable Houses and Fixtures have these good points, as
thousands of users test:fy. Potter goods are Ax in quality and low
in price. They are made for a purpose and save you time and labor
in your poultry work.

Satisfaction Guaranteed — when you buy our goods. They
are made right and do please our custemers. No lice and mites
when you use our vermin-proof roosts and nests. For your own
pleasure and profit and for the sake of your hens, you cannot
afford to be without Potter fixtures.

Our Two Catalogues — (136 pages, 150 illustrations) on port-
: 3 able houses and coops, fixtures, feed hoppers, trap nests, feeds

and supplies of all kinds at lowest prices, will interest you.
Potter Portable Poultry Houses Mailed for two red stamps to cover postage. Write oday and

A $5 Hennery Outfit

anREL EOUALS

Style “A’’5—8xz0 foot house, complete be convinced that Potter Poultry Products are for particular EL ae : : " 2 WAGON LOADS
with 8-foot Potter outfit, $40. Many other poultry people. Wealso make portable auto houses. Catalogue No. 16, 5-foot two-perch Potter outfit, price 2% 2 \STABLE,
styles and sizes. mailed on request, $5. Made in 12 sizes, %

POTTER & COMPANY BOX 22 = DOWNERS GROVE, ILLINOIS NANURE/I

OcTOBER, 1911

KARBOIIDIP|

SPECIALLY FOR DOCS

Is sure death to the Mange parasite
and Fleas. Stimulatesthe Skin. Makes

the coat silky. The Dog’s best friend

USEDIN THE LARGEST KENNELS.
Send for Circular.

J. W. BARWELL,

Blatchford’s Animal Food Works, Waukegan, II.
Established at Leicester, England in 1800.

SAVE THE TREES!
Kill San Juse Scale, Aphis, White Fly,
etc., by spraying your trees with

e
saves WhaleOil
00d’s S135 WhaleQi
Soap No.3
- Used and endorsed by U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Recom-
mended for trees, shrubs, vines and plants.

Write for valuable booklet on Plant Diseases, ps
JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, 953 N. Front Street, Philadelphia.

STUDY FARMING

POULTRY FLOWERS AGRICULTURE

Truck Farming, Vegetable Gardening, Flower Culture, Fruit Growing,
Pouliry Culture, Bee Culture, Greenliouse Management and Construction,
General Farming, also Dairying, Farm Engineering, Farm Management,
Soils Farm Crops, Animal Husbandry, Farm Book-keeping, Dry Farm-
ing, Stock Farming, Teachers Course, Short Courses, Horses, Swine,
Sheep, Cattle, etc. Splendid, practical understandable correspondence
courses by large Faculty of experts from leading Agr. Colleges.

VALUABLE BOOKLET FREE
*“*How to Make the Farm Pay More”

Courses for actual farmers and prospective farmers, either in country, vil”
lag- or city,whether you own a farm,a garden or a city or suburban lot or
expect to. A way out for the city man longing to get back to the farm.
Learn the latest improved methods ofintensive Scientific Farming. Every
one can use some of our courses to advantage. Just the opportunity you
have been wanting—TZo /earn at home. Easy payments. High time to
arrange to make your spare time count this winter. Send éoaay for tem-
porary low rate and convincing proof. (Which course interests you?)

American Farmers’ School 77. bird Building,

Minneapolis, Minn.

Looks dead, but after hour in water bursts into
big, rich green, fernlike plant. Can be dried and
revived any time; lasts years. To advertise us,
we'll send a Mexican Resurrection Plant free
(while they last) if you'll send 6c. shipping cost.
ill alsosend fine illustrated catalog of Indian

<< and Mexican handicraft, full of Xmas hints.
Francis E. Lester Co., Dept. J, 10 P. Mesilla Park,New Mex.

The best varieties of

Irises, Phlox, Paeonies, Shrubs
and Hardy Perennials for Fall planting

Send for Circular

RALPH E. DANFORTH
East Jaffrey

New Hampshire

CHICAGOSUN C] OTHES DRYER

FOR LAWN USE

Eliminates clothes posts, is portable and can be
removed when not in use, holds 165 feet of line.
Excells all others in strength, durability and
convenience in handling. Eacharm operates in-
dependently. When opened, arms lock in posi-
tion and stretch lines. When closed, arms lock
iutomatically. Best and most satisfactory lawn
dryer made. Write for FREE folder No. 21.

THE CHICAGO DRYER CO.
624 So. Wabash Ave., Dept. 21, Chicago

THE GARDEN

The Readers’ Service will give injorm
about the latest automobile accessoru 47

MAGAZINE

A necessary adjunct of the Hall Mammoth Incubator is the Hall Brooder System

_ The Hall Brooder System is absolutely the last word in brooder perfection. After incubation the growth, yes, the very life of the
chicks depends—as every breeder cf poultry knows—upon how well they are started.

_ The Hall Brooder System was conceived with the two-fold idea of duplicating natural conditions on a large scale coupled with a
minimum of labor and expense. The Hall Brooder System is simple in design, but scientifically perfect. e experience of the largest
and most widely-known poultrymen in this country proves its ability to raise vigorous and profitable early layers.

The Hall Brooder System is the result of experiments by a poultryman first and inventors last. Each and every part of the Hall
System is built exactly as experience has shown to be the best.

Write today for our Catalogue, “Fact and Argument.”

The most comprehensive book ever issued on the subject, containing many photographic views of famous poultry plants. It’s free.
It explains WHY the Hall Mammoth Incubator hatches more eggs and stronger, more liveable chicks; why the Hall Brooder System
raises more and better chicks ; why the Hall System lowers fuel and labor expense. t us prove these stztements.

THE HALL MAMMOTH INCUBATOR CO., UTICA, NEW YORK
The above view is of the Brooder House on Fair Oaks Farm, Darien, Conn., with a 5,000 chick capacity Hall Mammoth Brooder.

"
- Wi se, MTA.
=“ a“ a

“Wigwarm Portable Poultry Houses

_Make Poultry Keeping Easy

MARK

5 Section Poultry House

TRADE

\GIWN Ale
These are houses that will grow SW’
with your business. You can get “Y
additional sections at any time. A :
more sanitary or comfortable house _
could not be butt. Made in 10x10 ft.
sections, each fitted with roosts, nests,
fountain and complete in every detail. Open
fronts with canvas covered frames—far

No.0 Colony Laying House

Fitted complete with nests, fountain
and feed trough. Sanitary. Easily
cleaned and aired. One man can
easily raise several hundred birds.
Nicely painted. Can be put together in fifteen
minutes. Complete protection from rats,
skunks, hawks and other enemies. Winter or
summer the stock
isalways comfort-
able. In stormy

z weather the run
As = ee ee ap may be covered
i at top and sides,

giving protection |f,
and scratch room. G

Size, 10x4 ft.,5 ft. high.

Write to-day for
Poultry Catalogue

E. F. HODGSON CO., 116 B Washington St., Boston, Mass.

THERE IS YET TIME FOR YOU TO PLANT OUR

PRIZE PEONIES

Let us send you our list of selected Peonies, Iris, and Phlox with which we again this year took eight first
prizes out of nine entries made at the exhibits of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society and elsewhere.

We also have a choice collection of hardy, northern grown evergreens, and deciduous trees.

T. C. THURLOW’S SONS, Inc., West Newbury, Mass.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

K: OF -THE

“To business that we love we rise betime
And go to ’t with delight.’— A utony and Cleopatra

Autumn Activities

-OF

ee ——— -

OctoseER, 1911

FICE: |

Ss

When this number of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE reaches the reader, all our new plans and work will be in full swing: fall
books, big magazines, a new catalogue of both books and photogravures for the Doubleday, Page & Companys’s publica-
tions, and the shop at Garden City turning out over 7,000 books and 20,000 magazines every day.

Visitors are welcome at Garden City; if you are interested in seeing how books and magazines are made, you will be
provided with a guide to show you about. A train leaving New York at eleven o’clock stops at Country Life Press station.

TO GARDEN READERS

This magazine wants to find new readers
among people who love gardens; it does not
desire an extension in circulation among people
who may care only for flowers, and not gar-
dens. It is important, therefore, that we
should secure as subscribers all the garden
lovers possible.

You who read this magazine know others
who feel as you do about a garden. If you
will get a single one of these friends to sub-
scribe (price $1.50 a year), we will give you
for your trouble a copy of “Garden Profits,”
a book bound in cloth, well illustrated, mailed
free to your address; or any volume of the
Garden Library. List of volumes as follows:
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, AND How To Grow Tuem. By

I. L. Powell.

Darropits — Narcissus, AND How To Grow THEM.

By A. M. Kirby.

FrRNs, AND How To Grow TuEem. By G. A. Woolson.
FLOWER GaRDEN, THE. By Ida D. Bennett.

GARDEN PLANNING. By W. S. Rogers.
Houser Prants. By Parker Thayer Barnes.

Lawns AND How to Make Tuem. By Leonard
Barron.
ORCHARD AND FRUIT GARDEN, THE. By E. P. Powell.

RosEs, AND How To Grow Tuem. By Many Experts.
VEGETABLE GARDEN, THE. By Ida D. Bennett.
Vines, AND How To Grow THEM. By William

McCollom.

Warter-Lizies, AND How to Grow THEM. By Henri

Hus and Henry S. Conrad.

Please consider this offer. If you would
like to make some money selling THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE, write our Circulation Department,
Care Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City,
INE Ye

SANS WIRE STAPLES

Some millions of magazine readers for some
twenty years or more have anathematized
the wire staple. When magazines were small
the hard bound, stiff back was not so bad,

but of late years, as magazines have become
larger and larger, the reader has had to hold
the pages open by main force to read themat all.

The World’s Work has happily overcome
this situation. A wonderful new machine
binds it so that it can be opened flat like a
book. When we are busy we work it twenty
hours a day, and it will turn out over thirty
thousand copies, so it is rapid as well as
efficient. Look at a copy of the World’s
Work and see if you don’t enjoy reading a
magazine you can bend double in the hand,
like a flexible Testament.

The October number is set in new type
new style cover, as well as new binding. It
is the magazine for people who do things.
Get it on the news-stand.

FALL BOOKS

If you are interested in books and book
matters, do us the favor to turn to the adver-
tising pages of this issue of THE GARDEN
MaAGAzINnE and see what manner of feast
Doubleday, Page & Co. offer for the fall of
1911, or send for our fall Catalogue.

It may be that we always think the new
year’s list is best, and it ought to be so; but
we feel particularly sure of it this year, and
we hope you will find time to read this book
story.

MRS. HUMPHRY WARD

Next month we will tell especially of Mrs.
Ward’s new book, “The Case of Richard
Meynell,” which in our judgment is the best
book she has ever written, not excepting
“Robert Elsmere.” It will be published
October 26, ro1t.

BOOKS THAT SELL MORE AND MORE

About five years ago we published a novel
called “Freckles,” by Mrs. Gene Stratton-

Porter. It made its way slowly, adding
friends month after month. Like the pebble
dropped into the still pool, the fame of the
book has spread from one person to another
until more than one hundred and five thou-
sand copies have been printed to supply the
demand already this year.

In August we published Mrs. Porter’s new
book, “The Harvester,” of which 75, ooo copies
have been printed. If you do not know Mrs.
Porter’s books, you have a pleasure in store
for you

IF YOU ADVERTISE

or if you would like to advertise, if you want
good copy, or if you would like to discuss
copy, we urge you to write to our “Suggestion
Department,” Care of the Advertising De-
partment of Doubleday, Page & Co. Its
business is to help people to get or prepare
good copy for the benefit of all concerned.
The service is free; our profit comes in through
printing better and more successful adver-
tisements.

PHOTOGRAVURES

The most attractive, illustrated catalogue
we have ever made is now ready. It gives
a list and prices of our photogravures printed
for us in England, most of them colored by
artists and by hand. If you are interested
in the most perfect photogravures ever made
send for this catalogue.

Doubleday, Page & Co.
Garden City, L. I., N. Y.
Please send the Photogravure catalogue to
following address:

y For injormation abou i ts
OcTOBER , 1911 Aly H E G A R D E N M A G A ij I N Er write to Hie Rade Soon 99

ASAAAAASS

© NANA

Delightful

Volumes for |

Children of
All Ages

“Parents will find this
Series good for all ag.s.’— ©
Philadelphia Inquirer. A : é <

i ; arabe wise mother and was v

There is no question as toits i good books enabled me to succeed in life. She was very poor
etary distinction and value.’ —New but never too poor to buy the proper books for her children.” — Henry Cuiay.

or, ribune. te 2

“An admirable juvenile library.”-—

Journal, Providence. ; é ‘ { e
“Provides a foundation for a good | am) i , he Every Child

reference library.”’—Chicago Post.

ee Should Know Library! Only $1.00

“The cream of world-lore is here.’’—

ea ei sey ome 43) Ihe World’s Work for a( Brings Both

a debt of gratitude to Mr. Mabie.’’—
Herald, Augusta. 4 fi ll
“Delightfal, not only for children, u year Y ©. = ad bg
but for many adults.’’—Chicago Record- M4
Herald. ~ 2

Th S t S t : —— > | All parents, and those interested in the education af children, know how difficult

e pe en me a it is to secure just the right kind of reading for them. Childhood is the decisive
Ce aie ae period of life, forit is then that habits and tastes are formed that have most to do with

For Your Approval 3 ce a development of character. In this library the work that you would do yourself,
: ae 1 COCLY. if you had the time, money and literary judgment, has been done for you by the

In order to make it Pest i | best critics who have spent their.lives in the study of literature and in whose opin-

ble for every parent,and for | a ion you may have perfect confidence.

everyone interested in chil- |7 : f

dren. to see this set. we will (ae Hamilton Wright Mabie has edited “FAMOUS STORIES,” ‘‘ FAIRY

a et ? 1 2 - pes TALES,” ** HEROES,’ and ‘‘HEROINES.’’

eg COPY OUT papProva la | ‘“BIRDS”” is by : C 5 Neltje Blanchan

sO you nay pass your OWN |e TREY ‘“WATER WONDERS”’ is by Jean M. Thompson

judgment. Mailthecoupon ~~ “POEMS” is edited by . - Mary E. Burt

with $1.00. We will for- E am | a ““SONGS” is edited by - ; Dolores Bacon

ward the eight volumes at once, ¢ =

carriage paid, and enter you 2%) @ulerimes == | The Right Kind of a Gift at a Low Price

for The World’s Work for a full S Guery

year. Ifyou don’t agree with

us return the books, carriage
collect, and we will refund
your first payment. The lib-
rate iS Worth. 12.60, ~ Ihe

W orld’s Work isworth $3.00. You

can have the $15.00 worth for
$1.00 now and $1.00 a month for
eight months. Sending the coupon
puts you under no obligation what-
ever but it does give you an oppor-
tunity to see these delightful vol-
umes WRITE TO-DAY.

“My opportunities in youth for acquiring an edu-
cation were limited, but I had the great good fortune
of being well supplied with useful books, and these.
gave me my start in life.’—DanieL WEBSTER.

Child
Should

This is the first time that a collection of such unusual merit has been offered
at a price so low. The editorial. work that had to be done is enormous. ‘The
literature of the entire world has been drawn upon and the selections have been
made from thousands of volumes. This set of books constitutes a complete library
for a child, one in which pride will be taken and that will encourage the habit of
good reading. We have decided to include with it, as an introductory offer,
A FULL YEAR’S SUBSCRIPTION TO THE WORLD’S WORK. You
may use both as a gift, send the magazine to a friend, or if you are already a
subscriber, have your subscription extended,

Garden City, New York
Gentlemen: I accept your offer and enclose $1.00
apis : for which you are to enter me for a year’s sub-
: Child scription to The World’s Work and send me the
Should | “Every Child Should Know Library.” After ex-
Finow — ; amination I will either return the books to you or

an 2 } send you $1.00 a month for eight months.
fare € Bart

|

: ; Dousuepay, Pace & Co. G. M. 10-13
|
|

100 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OctoBerR, 1911

The Fruit and Garden Club

From time to time some of the readers of The Garden Magazine ask us to suggest something that would supplement The Garden Mag-
azine, devoting considerably more attention to intensive fruit culture. It is also true that nearly everyone who works at a garden is also
interested in some phases of fruit growing. After considering all the bearings we believe that we have a suitable supplement in The Fruit-
Grower. We have, therefore, made arrangements with the publishers of The Fruit-Grower and are able to make you this unusual proposition.

The Garden Magazine for 1912 will continue to be the one invaluable monthly During the year many special numbers appear. ‘This partial list of them is sure
guide for every amateur who really loves his garden. to appeal to you. ‘‘ The Orchard Heating Number,’’ ‘‘ Small Fruits Number,’’
The Fruit-Grower is an illustrated monthly publication dealing almost ex- | ‘‘ Fruit Market Number,’’ “‘Spraying Number.’’ Other issues of equally striking
clusively with fruit culture. Every issue contains a wealth of valuable informa- | interest will appear as the season advances. The Fruit-Grower is the final
tion which no fruit man can afford to miss. authority among the progressive fruit growers, both large and small, of the country.

The magazine is ably edited and every phase of the fruit growing industry | It helps them and it surely can be of similar help to you.
is covered broadly, intensively and practically.

The Garden Magazine ReudeRee
Garden Profits $4.50
The Fruit-Grower Our Special Offer
The F.-G. Guide Book ies

a
If your subscription has expired, take advantage of this offer and renew for | so sendin your order at once. Send remittance of $2.00, either currency or money order
another year. Even if your subscription is paid in advance, it will be worth | and thetwo books will be mailed immediately, and you will receive The Fruit-Grower
your while to send $2.00 and secure this great bargain. and The Garden Magazine for a year —a $4.50 value — for only $2.00. It is a con-
This special ‘‘ Fruit and Garden Club ”’ offer will hold good for a short time only, | dition of this offer that you send the names of three friends interested in gardening.

Garden Profits f | The Fruit-Grower’s

‘“Garden Profits’’ is a cloth Guide Book

ae eee cee The Fruit-Grower’s Guide Book
the most up-to-date and prac- is the practical, up-to-the-minute
tical gardening book pub- reference book for the commercial
lished. Its contents are the orchardist, the home gardener,
best of a thousand garden or the student. It is handsomely
successes brought together illustrated, printed on high-
in one volume, reduced to grade Paper: substantially
simple terms and systema- bound in cloth, and contains
tized for your ready use. It almost 300 pages. It is the
contains many illustrations most up-to-date, handy ref-
and scores of plans and erence book on fruit growing
planting tables which ever printed. Contains
boiled down essence

on thej subject
of fruit cul-
ture. Thou-
sands of copies
of this book
have been sold
at the regular
price, $1.00.

©cTosrr

cepts Fall Pp

FLOWER Serre 4

fanting Number

S FOR PRésencr'sy ge
USEING

4
4

point the way to
as many econ-

omies of time,

work andmoney.

““Garden Profits”’
can be purchased
only in combina-
tion with The Gar-
den Magazine and
cannot be pur-
chased through the
book trade.

CUT OUT THIS COUPON AND MAIL TO DAY
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., Garden City, N. Y.

GENTLEMEN: — Enclosed find $2.00 and the names of three friends interested in fruit growing and
gardening, for which you are to send me two cloth bound books, The Fruit Grower’s Guide Book
and Garden Profits, also The Fruit-Grower and*The Garden Magazine to my address for one year.

= ~ = — For injormation regarding railroad and steam-
OcTOBE R,1911 Ap H E G A R D E N M A G A Ud, I N 1D) ship lines, write to the jE Service 101

THESE FARMERS

Sa
SHARPLES

Tubular Cream Separators
‘Cost Least To Use

“Have used Tubular over nine years. Only 5c for
repairs.’”’—Perry Faringer, Mill Hall, Pa.
““Have used Tubular nine years. No cost for re-
pairs,’’—A. C. Porter, Loogootee, Ind.
“Tubular has cost fifty cents for repairs in nine
years.”’—John E. Taylor, Orion, Mich.
“Have used Tubularsix years. Repairs only ten cents.
Still using original quart of oil.’’ ;
—A. K. Weimer, Smithvilie, Ohio.
A regular hand-driven Dairy Tubular
has done work equal to 100 years’ service
in a five to eight cow dairy on only one
dollar and fifteen cents for oil and re-
pairs. We will mail you,
free, the illustrated ac-
count of this remarkable
record, giving all details
and containing pictures
showing how the parts
of the Tubular re-
sisted wear.

Dairy Tubulars have
no disks. Twhe the
skimming force of oth-
ers. Skim faster and
twice as clean. You a :
will firally have a Tubular — -
so try The World’s Best now. You can arrange with our
local representative for a free trial, without expense to your-
self. Other Separators taken in exchange for Tubulars.

Write for catalog
No. 215.

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR Co.
. West Chester, Pa.
Chicago, Ill., San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Oregon,
Toronto, Can. Winnipeg, Can.

Colonial Red Cedar Chest

The Ideal —_—=——ae ae
Wedding, Pim ee
Birthday
or Xmas
Present

This Red Cedar
has gathered «
ainsbing from
the skies, fra- oo
grance from “wt
each zephyr brought from nodding iy is
blossoms. strength and durability of the hills. a oa
Itis grown in the Southland and comes into your homea &
chest of beauty, into whose safe care is placed the price-
less linens, dainty lingerie, winter furs, blankets and fleecy woolens—forever
GUARDED FROM MOTHS, MICE, DUST, DAMP. These chests are
made in many styles, from elegant simplicity to the elaborate handicraft of
the artist. We ship direct from our factory at factory prices, ON 15 DAYS’
oO Sere prepaid. ee for our handsome new illustrated

2 Showing ail the many styles and givin ices. iful book-
let, ‘The Story of Red Cedar & Sea aa

PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST CO., Dept. 20, Statesville, N. C.

Three Things You Need

FIRST: The only Sanitary method of caring
for garbage, deep in the ground in metal
receiver holdiny heavy galvanized bucket
with bail. Garbage cannot freeze. Avoid the
battered can and scattered refuse resulting
. from removal of frozen contents. Health
Opens with the Foot demands it.

x | Unie Garbage Receiver

ae
THe STEPHENSON. Underfloor Refuse Receiver

vead Dae Underground Earth Closet

SECOND; This clean, convenient
way of disposing of ashes from fur-
nace or hot water heater, cellar and
yard refuse. Fireproof. Flush with
floor. Abolish the old ash barrel.

THIRD supplies a safe and san-
itary method to
keep your water
Supply. oe from a
pollution. t re- 5
vents the ease ee ee
from the house or typhoid fly, around camp
or farm, disseminating its poisonous germs to
your family. Nine years in practical use.
It pays to look us up.

Sold direct. Send for Circulars on each

C. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr.

OR GARIN Ecenviey 40 Farrar Street, Lynn, Mass.

CAN YOU THINK OF ANY HARDER TEST

FOR WOOD THAN GREENHOUSE USE?

You know ordinary wood in greenhouses lasts not over 4 years.

Zero on one side, hot humidity on the other, constant contact with wet rich earth and com-
post, constant sprinkling and sweating, all combine in an invitation to hurry up and rot.

NEXT TO THE GROWTH OF THE PLANTS THEMSELVES

THE BUSIEST THING IN A GREENHOUSE

is the decay-tendency of the wood it is mostly made of.

THOSE WHO MAKE GREENHOUSES A BUSINESS ||

D se os
Mg fo fas

a : : ee

SS GT S| = FeNvAci:

One of the largest greenhouse manufacturers, J. C. Moninger Co., Chicago, says:

“We first began using Cypress exclusively for greenhouse construction in 1885, using it previously in

conjunction with pine. The greenhouses then built with Cypress ave being used today by their |

owners and the wood is found perfectly preserved and free of any decay or rot.” Figure it out yourself.

= ame RD gerne

a caPy a 1

WRITE TODAY for VOLUME 3 of the CYPRESS POCKET LIBRARY, WITH 20 PAGES
of Valuable Guidance for Amateur Greenhouse Folks. (Sent PROMPTLY and no charge.)

“WOOD THAT WILL STAND THE GREENHOUSE TEST

WILL STAND ANYTHING,” SO INSIST ON CYPRESS FOR EVERYTHING.
When planning new improvements or repairs to old ones, just remember— “‘ With CYPRESS you BUILD BUT ONCE”’

Let our “ALL-ROUND HELPS DEPARTMENT” help YOU. Ourentire resources areat yourservice with Reliable Counsel.

SOUTHERN CYPRESS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION
1209 HIBERNIA BANK BUILDING, NEW ORLEANS, LA.

INSIST ON CYPRESS AT YOUR LOCAL DEALER’S. IF HE HASN'T IT, LET US KNOW IMMEDIATELY

AN IDEAL LAWN TREE

Decidedly ornamental, with a dense, perfect, half globular or umbrella-
shaped head, high on a straight, upright stem. Very hardy; extensively used
in formal gardens and especially adapted for lawn planting —

Umbrella Tree (Catalpa Bungei)

will thrive in almost any soil, and is generally a most satisfactory tree to
plant. I make a specialty of Catalpa Bungei and other Shade Trees, Ever-
greens, Hardy Flowering Shrubs, Roses, Fruit Trees, etc., and grown in
New Jersey, with its soil and climate advantages, is ready to start growth
again anywhere, as soon as planted. Beautifully illustrated catalogue free.

STEELE’S POMONA NURSERIES

Palmyra, New Jersey

‘ Going abroad? Routes, time-tables, and all sorts of
102 injormation obtained through the Readers’ Service alt H E G A R D EK N M A G A Z I N E OcTOBER ,> 1911

Livingston’s Popular $ 1.00 Paeony Collection

Four Famous Sorts —

One Strong Root of Each
by for One Dollar Postpaid

ig This is THE Paeony opportunity of
~ theseason. To acquaint you with “true
blue” quality Bulbs, Seeds, etc.,
__ we offer this matchless collec-

J tion at a popular price. We /
©” can offer theze sorts so reason- \
ably because we grow them on
our own farms.

Festiva Maxima | Madame Ducel

The magnificent white | One of the best midsea-
flowers are of perfect | sonsorts. Perfectly shap-
shape, very full and ed, globular flowers of
double. Someofthecen- | brilliant silvery pink col-
ter petals are flaked with carmine. or, tinted and marked
Festiva Maximais astrong grower | withsalmon. Plants are of dwarf,
and free bloomer. Foliage hand- | yigorous growth, are excellently
some and healthy; flower carried | adapted to landscape work and
on long, stiff stems. Each 50c. | bloom very freely. Each 60c.

Mont Blanc Rubra Triumphans

Magnificent white with creamy cen- | Deep crimson-maroon. A striking
ter. Plants are of compact growth, bearingthefine | sort of brilliant beauty ; exceedingly valuable for
double flowers iz greatest profusion. Each 50c. | bedding. Extra large, double flowers. Each 35c.

One Strong Root of Each for One Dollar Postpaid

Guide to Fall Planting of Bulbs Free

Describes and offers at reasonable rates a complete assortment of Dutch Bulbs, Paeonies, Irises, Phloxes, and Season-
able Seeds for fall planting. On second cover page you will read why we offer the above remarkable Paeony collec-
tion at the still more remarkable price. With many dependable culture directions and “true-to-nature”” illustrations you
will learn to value our “Guide” as a safe adviser in matters pertaining to fall planting. Write for your free copy today.

The Livingston Seed Co., “3:.c°" Columbus, Ohio

Plants from Biltmore Nursery
[Will Grow and Bloom in Your Garden|

The rugged health of the hardy plants grown in the “‘Land of the Sky’’ is an assurance that they will carry
their vigor and strength to their new home—your garden—no matter where it may be located.
Nature’s rich colors, tints and hues are reflected in the flowers that Biltmore plants produce.
Here, too, the Iris grows to perfection, with great strong roots that are ready to push up
spikes of bloom that all but rival the blue of the mountain sky. That you may know these
flowers in their natural beauty, we have just published

THE IRIS CATALOG

This story of the Biltmore Iris tells about the many varieties we grow here, and how you
may succeed with them in your garden. The book is illustrated with pictures of actual plant-
ings, and also shows many of the Iris in their glorious natural colors.

HARDY GARDEN FLOWERS

A booklet of 64 pages. Shows with photographic illustration and describes in clear
language the hardy perennials that grow at Biltmore. You will find that it describes many
plants you remember from the gardens of your youth, and which you have long wanted to have.:

FLOWERING TREES AND SHRUBS

Another booklet of interest to all who plant to beautify the home grounds. It describes
and illustrates most of the shrubs and trees adapted for lawn and garden planting, and that
give a profusion of fragrant flowers. Sixty-four pages, finely illustrated, showing typical
plantings in gardens, lawns and estates. E

BILTMORE NURSERY CATALOG

More than a catalog—a guide to the trees and plants of North America. Persons who
wish to plan complete plantings will find it indispensable. Nearly 200 pages, richly illus-
trated, making a complete showing of the hardy and vigorous products of Biltmore Nursery.

Send for the book that will help ycu most—you are welcome to a copy of any one ofthem.

BILTMORE NURSERY, (Box 1102) Biltmore, N. C.

For information regarding railroad and steam-
OcTroBER, 1911 THE G A R DE N MA G AZINE ship lines, write to the Readers’ ‘Sorte. 103

Lm

OCTOBER, 1911

Cover DESIGN—— Pergola designed by Olmsted Brothers - - - - - - - - + ~ = = ~. . S26 Ss 2 = = = & IMs WL. Saas
PAGE PAGE
Seamer mV EMINGE NOW i = = i) OS PERMANENT VINES FOR FALL PLantinc - - W.C. McCollom 119
Way Fatt PrantincisGoop - - - - - J.C. Whitten 106 CHILDREN’S GARDENS EVERYWHERE - - Ellen Eddy Shaw 121
Phare eehts by the author IRNDOING? Wpranasaorer (Cit) oS oy me ee eee
Hickory TREES THREATENED WiTH Destruction J.J. Levison 109
GARDEN LUXURIES IN WINTER - - - WM. Roberts Conover 124
Photographs by the author ays, Pre i
Tue “Fun” oF Correctine Anemones, IV. - Wilhelm Miller 110 T A ares Py ane E. E. Trumbull
Photographs by N. R. Graves, A. G. Eldredge and others. RAILING AR BUTUS AS He kee : ia a iy aL UML, 125
TRAINED EUROPEAN GOOSEBERRIES FOR AMERICA H.S. Adams 113 S : ik otograph by the author Varcio E. Hal 6
Pie een by A G. Eldredge SOWING SEED IN AuTUMN - - - - - - Marcia E. Hale 12
. = T D 1
PLANTING FOR SPRING FLowEerS - - - -_ Leslie Hudson 114 An UnusuaL Watt GarpEN - - - - - - P.T. Barnes 126
Photographs by Nathan R. Graves Photograph by the author
Growinc Musnrooms ror Home Use - - James Cumming 115 Rep Roses in OREGON - - - - - - Estelle M. Rawley 126
Photograph by Gustav Saudahl OCTOBER IN THE SoutH - - - - - - - Thomas J. Steed 128
PLANTING ABOUT THE HoUSE - - - - - WM. R. Conover 116 Photograph by the author
oy - oe by ee a Ses Dutcu BULBS FOR CALIFORNIA GARDENS Sydney B. Mitchell 132
ER vence Y I .
aN poe CEE ENDO WSOARDEN Hlorente Spring: 11] PICKING AND KEEPING THE Crop - - - - W.H. Jenkins 136
Photographs by H. Troth and N. R. Graves ‘ : ; 3
Tue AuTrumMN Prantinc oF Roses - - - - W.S. Rogers 118 Don’t Neciect THE TREES - - - - - - J.J. Levison 140

Photographs by Emil J. Kraemer and others Photographs by the author

toe ce CopyricHt, rot, By DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY For Foreign Postage
UFO) Gh VASES Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 add 65c.

F. N. Dousiepay, President WALTER H. Pace, Hersert S. Houston, Vice-Presidents H.W. Lanter, Secretary S. A. Everitt, Treasurer

Single copies 15 cts. For Canada add 35c.

Try the new way of growing bulbs for indoor blooming. Plant in our Prepared
Fiber, instead of soil; the result will please you, and you will find that bulbs so
planted are much easier to care for. Just fill non-porous bowls, hyacinth glasses or
jardinieres with the fiber, plant and treat the bulbs as usual. The vessels containing
them may be set anywhere—on tables or columns, or in halls or corridors, without
the slightest danger of damage from water.

The idea of growing bulbs in fiber was a new one in this country until introduced by
us two years ago, but it has been practised successfully in England for many years.
To popularize this method we make the following offers of bulbs, etc., and prizes. For
full particulars see page 20 of our Summer and Autumn Guide described below.

SPECIAL OFFERS: 3 Roman or Dutch Hyacinths, and 1 Art Jardiniere; or
6 Tulips, red, white or yellow, and 1 Art Jardiniere; or 12 Crocus, blue, yellow
or white, and 1 Art Jardiniere; or 5 Paper White Narcissus and 1 Art Jardin-
iere; or 4 Narcissus Golden Spur (yellow) and 1 Art Jardiniere; or 3 Chinese
Sacred Narcissus and 1 Art Jardiniere, with sufficient fiber and charcoal to
grow any of the above collections for $1; 3 for $2.75.

DETAILS OF CONTEST

To induce the growing of bulbs in our prepared fiber, we will make the following
offer of prizes for photographs of bulbs so grown and flowered, same to be submitted
to us not later than May 1, 1912:

1st Prize ‘ é 3 $10 3rd Prize 2 P 3 $4
2nd “ < : : 5 Athincs - 6 - 3
5th Prize A : $2

A BEAUTIFUL CATALOGUE OF BEAUTIFUL BULBS

Our Amateur Summer and Autumn Garden Guide is that, and more:—it contains an article especially
written by Wilhelm Miller, editor of The Garden Magazine, entitled ‘““ The Best New Idea in Gardening”—
also cultural instructions of where, howand best time to plant bulbs and seeds for winter and spring flowering.

* ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, Seedsman, pept. c, 342 W. 14th St., New York City

Roman Hyacinths Growing in Our Prepared Fiber

104 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OctosperR, 1911

ARDY LILIES

FOR BEALL PLANTING

> ss Lilies are better for Fall planting, but many varieties
of Japanese Lilies do not arrive from Japan before the
ground freezes up. There is one method, however,
by which they can be planted late in November or
in December, and that is to cover the ground in
which they are to be planted before it freezes
with 8 to 12 inches of stable manure. This
will prevent the ground from freezing, and the
manure can be removed and the Lilies planted upon
their arrival. We will not deliver until Spring any
varieties of Lilies which do not arrive until after
hard freezing weather, unless instructed otherwise.
We repack in sand Lilies arriving too late for Fall
delivery and store them in a cold cellar until Spring, when
they are delivered as early as possible.

LILIUM SUPERBUM

If there is a more satisfactory Lily, or hardy plant of any kind
than our splendid native Superbum Lily, we do not know
it. Either in the garden or for naturalizing it cannot be surpassed.
In good soil it will grow eight feet high and produce twenty to
thirty of its beautiful orange-red flowers in July, when bloom in
the garden is not over plentiful. For vigor and reliability they
are unequalled. Ten years ago we planted several hundred in
the rough part of the grounds of one of our customers. They have
been allowed to take care of themselves ever since and take their
chance with the grass and other wild plants that have tried to
crowd them out, but there were more of them and they were finer
this season than ever before. We have secured avery large stock of
first-class bulbs which we offer at specially low prices for immediate
delivery. Extra selected bulbs, 12 for $1.25, 25 for $2.25, 100 for $7.00,
250 for $16.50, 500 for $27.00, 1,000 for $50.00.
Candidum (Madonna, or Annunciation Lily). This is the old-fashioned
garden Lily, and one of the most beautiful. Bulbs are now ready and

they should be planted immediately. 12 for $1.50, 100 for $10.00.

Canadense flavum.

Our dainty, beautiful native Lily; graceful
and charming yellow flowers.+--«+++-+:+
Canadense mixed..-.-.......-- Jeet ee ee eees
Philadelphicum. Orange-red with black spots 1.00

requested to send references or remittances with their orders.

= 326 SIXTH AVE.
LILIUM SUPERBUM

$1.50 $10.00
5.50
7.00

Our Fall Catalogue, containing a complete list of Japanese, American and European Lilies, Hardy Plants, Roses, Shrubs,
Trees, Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcisst, and everything suitable for Fall planting, will be sent on request.

READY FOR

NA TI VE LILIES IMMEDIATE DELIVERY

Per doz. Per 100

Canadense rubrum. Red flowers.

the grass of orchards or meadows. --

Grayi. A dainty little Lily of great beauty....

ELLIOTT NURSERY

The Speciosum varielies of Japanese Lilies are most beautiful and of the easiest culture.

JAPANESE LILIES woévensex
NOVEMBER
Auratum (Gold-banded Lily) Per doz. Per ]00 Speciosum album. Per doz. Per 100
8to Qinches ..-.-....+.---- $1.10 $7.50 8to Qinches...-.......-..+. $1.65 $12.00
9to 11 inches.---...----.---- 1.75 12.00 Sitowilinches sheer ereeeeee 2.50 18.00
11 to 13 inches.----.---------- 2.50 18.00 I11tol3inches..... .......--- 3.50 25.00
Longiflorum. The Longiflorum Speciosum Melpomene. Similar
has large, pure white trumpet- to Rubrum, but more brilliant
shaped flowers like the Bermu- in color.
da Easter Lily, but is perfectly 7 to Qinches......-seesseeeees 1.35 9.00
hardy. 9 to 11 inches......-.... ...... 1.75 13.00
5\to 7 inches-..-....-------- 55 3.50 Speciosum Rubrum or Roseum.
6 to 8 inches........-------- 725 4.50 Pink. 8to Qinches............ 1.25 7.50
7 to Quinches esac ail series 1.00 7.50 9 to 12 inches......-...---.- 1.75 11.50
9 to 10 inches.......- see elie 1.60 11.00 Monster Bulbs................ 2.40 17.00

Per doz. Per 100

A most

lovely and graceful Lily; fine for planting in

---- » $1.50 $10.00
3.00 20.00

New customers are

PITTSBURG, PA.

__ The Garden Magazine _

VoL. XIV—No. 3

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

(For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is
generally taken asastandard. Allowsix days’ difference
for every hundred miles of latitude.]

The Big Thing Now

F YOU live in the East, the South, or
the Far West, fall planting is one of
your greatest opportunities. In the Middle
West, don’t attempt it. The winter is
too dry and too open, and the winds are
too strong and too severe.

The article on page 106 is the first
published report of actual experiments
into the subject. Read it carefully to
get the principles and theory of the subject,
then apply them and the following practical
hints to your own conditions:

What You Can Plant Now

pat deciduous ornamental trees except

thin-barked kinds, like the birch,
and spongy-rooted kinds, like the tulip tree,
magnolias, and the sweet-gum.

2. Ornamental conifers, if they have a
good ball of earth about the roots.

3. Broad-leaved evergreens if they have
a good ball of earth, and 1f the leaves are
stripped off before planting. Get local ad-
vice first.

4. All hardy shrubs, especially those
that flower in the spring.

5. All hardy Hybrid Perpetual roses,
ramblers, rugosas, and Wichuraianas, but
not the Teas and their hybrids or any varieties
known to be tender.

6. All perennial and woody vines.

7. All hardy perennials, such as del-
phinium, hollyhock, achillea, golden-glow,
iris, etc.

8. Dutch bulbs-for outdoor blooming,
before frost.

9. All Cape bulbs for winter flowers
indoors, im pots or pans.

to. All lilies: for instance, superbum,
auratum, longifolium, speciosum, Cana-
dense, etc.

OCTOBER, 1911

11. All tree fruits except the stone species,
i. €., peach, plum, apricot, cherry.

12. Allsmall fruits except in some cases
the strawberry.

13. Hardy perennial vegetables, such
as asparagus, horse radish and rhubarb.

14. Lettuce, cabbage, mustard and
parsley seedlings in frames for winter use.

15. Mushrooms. See page Irs.

Take These Precautions

EAVY soil is not well suited to the
fall plantation of any but the very
hardiest sorts. If yours is a stiff clay
better work and prepare it thoroughly
than try to plant till next spring.

In planting or transplanting always locate
the plant according to its nature: upland
species in the dryer soil, lowland sorts in
the damper places; forest trees in groups,
solitary growers in isolated positions.

Prune back hardwood trees from 60 to
80 per cent; bush fruits to a few strong
shoots and these to three feet; vines right
to the ground; all broken and crushed
roots to clean surfaces.

Mulch everything you plant in the fall;
but not until the ground freezes. If you
know your trees have come from a crowded
nursery row, wrap their trunks with straw.

In buying, try to go to the nursery and
pick out your plants.

Prepare for Winter

[pw is no more disheartening sight
than a vegetable garden in October
with vines heavily laden, but killed and
blackened by the frost; with root crops
standing in their rows, probably to remain
there and rot over winter. It is not only
ugly to see, but it is symbolic of inexcus-
able wastefulness and poor gardening.

Not a crop should be allowed to go to
waste. Pull, don’t cut, the cabbages,
stand them upside down, close together
in a trench or coldframe, and cover them
closely with light soil or sand.

Bury beets, turnips, carrots, salsify
and parsnips in a similar pit and be sure
to sift the soil between them. Parsnips
and oyster plant (salsify) will improve in
flavor if you leave them where they grew
until hit by the frost.

In the small garden, cover the celery
rows with inverted V-shaped troughs, and
then in turn with leaves and litter to keep
out the frost. The early crop may be
left uncovered during the days if protected
with straw at night.

Young corn is almost sure to ripen if the
entire stalks are cut and stacked. Pick

105

) ONE DOLLAR FiFTY CENTS A YEAR
| FIFTEEN CENTS A Copy

all the green tomatoes; they make delicious
pickle and fried are the equal of eggplant.

If you are not sure how to can and pre-
serve the surplus from your garden and
orchard, write to the Secretary of Agricul-
ture at Washington for Farmers’ Bulletins
203 and 350.

Bugs Don’t Pay Rent

SEE ORE: when your crops are
harvested, clean up _ thoroughly.
Every bit of trash about the place offers
an inducement to the insects and disease
spores to winter there. Cut the asparagus
tops now, and add them to the bonfire of
dead vines and other rubbish.

When the ground is really clear, do one
of three things, according to the nature
of your soil:

1. On level land and soil in good con-
dition, spread manure and leave it until
next spring.

2. Heavy soil newly cultivated should be
trenched or ridged and left to the action
of the frost.

3. On soil needing humus, or liable to
be washed down hill, sow rye to be plowed
under next spring.

Whatever else you do, you should also
add some lime. It may kill some cutworms
and it will certainly correct any possible
acidity of the soil and tend to prevent club
root in crops of cabbage, turnip, etc.

Clear out those wasteful and insect-
harboring hedgerows. Have fences only
where absolutely necessary, and let them
be as simple, and take up as little room, as
possible.

Grub up rough, unused land with a grub-
hoe or mattock. It will cost you about
ninety cents and will prove one of the most
valuable tools on the place.

This is the season for doing odd construc-
tion jobs around the place. Concrete is
the best of all materials for making troughs,
steps, paths, tanks, clothes, fence and
hitching posts.

Two More Suggestions

HEN the hydrangeas in tubs outdoors
are well hardened (about the end
of the month) trim them back and put
them in a dry cool cellar for the winter.
Did you ever read Thoreau’s essay about
eating apples? If not, do so right away.
And if you want to have apples to enjoy
as he enjoyed them all winter, dig a hole,
line it with clean, dry straw, put in the
apples (sound ones, mind), then cover them
with more straw and earth, leaving a thin
place through which you can reach in.

Why Fall Planting is Good — By Prof. J. C. Whitten, #1"

TREES DO BETTER IF ROOTS GROW BEFORE TOPS, AND IN THE FALL NEW ROOTS FORM
QUICKER THAN IN SPRING—WHAT MAY BE SAFELY PLANTED AND WHAT MAY NOT

‘THERE is hardly a month in the

year which some one somewhere
has not suggested as a good time for trans-
planting trees. The consensus of opinion,
however, is that deciduous trees and shrubs
ought to be transplanted during the dor-
mant period after the leaves shed in the
fall and before they come out in the spring.
There is quite a difference of opinion as
to whether fall planting or spring planting
is better, while some even advise for large
trees to transplant in mid-winter.

Observations during recent years have
convinced me that fall planting is best
for all ordinary hardy species; that spring
planting is preferable for most species
which are tender or liable to winter-kill
and that for very large trees or shrubs
which are to be moved, mid-winter is a
good time in which to do it. The reason
for choosing mid-winter for large speci-
mens is that the earth will hold about
their roots when frozen so that their
large root system can be moved undisturbed
with the tree.

Trees or shrubs transplanted in the early
fall make good root growth quickly and
become pretty well established before
winter comes on. In fact, it has been
observed that where spring-transplanted
trees do not begin root growth until warm
weather is well advanced, trees transplanted
in the fall quickly begin to make new root
growth. Furthermore, this continues much
later in the fall than has heretofore been
generally supposed. It keeps up until the
ground actually freezes below the roots.
So long as the roots extend below the frost
line, growth and repair of transplanted
roots apparently can continue even into
early winter. Just why this root growth
in a dormant tree goes on with such avid-
ity in autumn may not entirely be under-
stood.

HEAT IN THE SOIL

The soil contains its greatest amount
of heat in autumn about the time fall
transplanting begins. It continues to ab-
sorb heat and store it up to a greater and
greater depth throughout the warm part
of the year. It does not reach its greatest
sum total of heat at the time of the warmest
atmospheric temperatures in mid-summer
but continues to store heat deeper and
deeper until cold weather of autumn act-
ally begins. For this reason we have in
the soil in autumn a great quantity of
heat stored to its maximum depth. In
fact, at this time the heat has reached its
greatest depth. Upon the approach of
cold weather in late autumn this heat be-
gins to be exhausted from the soil. The
passing out of this heat with the cooling
of the soil during late autumn and early
winter no doubt supplies to the roots of

the tree warmth which is akin to the mild
bottom heat of the hotbed. The cool
atmosphere of autumn will hold the buds
of shrubs and trees entirely dormant,
while the heat coming out of the soil stim-
ulates by its gentle influence continued
autumn root growth. Observations on
autumn planted fruit trees as well as orna-
mentals, show that during this autumn
period the root growth of recently trans-
planted trees and shrubs is abundant and
continues until the soil literally freezes.

THE CONDITION OF THE TREE

Trees and shrubs make their most rapid
growth during very early spring. In this
climate (Missouri) the average tree or
shrub puts out more length growth during
May than during all the rest of the growing
season combined. Stored plant food and
energy in the tree apparently is being used
to make mere length growth in early spring.
During the remainder of the year a dif-
ferent kind of growth continues — that of
filling up the new twigs, thickening the
cell walls and storing the plant with
abundant reserve supply of plant food.

In the late season this stored food ap-
parently is available to be carried to any
point where repair is needed, such as the
healing of wounds or the making of new
roots on transplanted trees. If a limb is
cut off in very early spring not much
healing will be observed as long as rapid
length growth of spring continues. The
tree’s food supply and energy are going
to make new length of limb. If a branch
is cut off later in the season after length
growth stops, new tissue will quickly push
out and begin to cover the wound. Ap-
parently throughout the late season the
tree is filled with reserve supply of food
tobe used wherever thickening, healing of
wounds, or making of roots is needed.
This may be also an additional reason why
root growth continues so much more rapidly
in autumn than in spring.

SPRING PLANTING CONDITIONS

In early spring the soil contains its
smallest sum total of heat. The heat
stored up during the previous summer has
been lost or radiated from the soil during
the winter. The soil is usually wet in
spring and the presence of this water
requires a great quantity of heat to warm
it up. The atmosphere is warming rapidly
while the soil is warming but slowly. Asa
result top growth above ground is stimu-
lated. The buds start out and this rapid
length growth is calling for stored food
supply in the tree. Apparently the stored
food and energy are directed to the grow-
ing tips above rather than to the roots
below. Root growth is slow and uncertain.

Frequently in this section young trees

106

transplanted in spring come out in full
leaf before any visible starting of root
growth below ground can be observed.
Under average spring conditions I have
taken up, each week, spring-transplanted
trees and shrubs without finding any
visible new root growth beginning until
June after the tops of the trees had
for weeks been in full leaf. With the
warming of the soil in June new roots began
to form. If the season is favorable the
trees may make fairly satisfactory growth.
If a dry time comes on in early summer,
the trees will likely fail or even die.

The tree which is out in full leaf long
before any roots begin to form is then in a
dangerous condition. Any sudden call
for moisture such as prevails during an
early dry spell may find the leaves of the
transplanted trees evaporating more water
than the unrepaired root system can take
up. Frequently spring-transplanted fruit
or shade trees start out in leaf beautifully
and the owner thinks they are firmly and
permanently established, without realizing
that perhaps the roots have not begun to
grow a bit below ground. As a result,
if dry weather suddenly comes, trees which
during May were very promising, dry out
and die during June or July.

Again new root growth is essential to
anchor the tree firmly in the ground. A
tree cannot well resist strong winds until
new roots have taken hold of the soil and
fastened themselves by their new growth.
For that reason, spring-transplanted trees
presenting abundant leaf growth may
catch more wind above ground than their
retarded roots can support and hold.
Tipping or leaning of spring-transplanted
trees is much more usual than is the case
with autumn-transplanted trees.

TIME TO TRANSPLANT IN AUTUMN

The best time in autumn for transplant-
ing is just when the bulk of the leaves.
are shed from the plant and yet before it
reaches entirely its dormant state. It is
customary for some nurserymen to strip
green leaves from their trees in early
autumn in order to supply them for early
fall delivery. This is largely on account
of the demand of the planter who wants
his trees and shrubs delivered promptly
for fall setting. Stripping the leaves early
from the trees is undesirable. They should
remain on the trees until they have finished
their summer’s work and are ready to
fall naturally. On young trees or shrubs,
however, the leaves are tardy about
falling. If growth has continued late,
they may cling until cold weather. There
is a time, however, when mature trees
or shrubs of the same species are shedding
the bulk of their leaves when it will be
found that leaves pull very easily from the

OcToBER, 1911

trees even though they have not fallen.
Whenever the leaves can be stripped easily
from the trees, it is safe to strip them for
transplanting. The earlier that trees can
be transplanted in autumn, without strip-
ping the leaves (when the latter are too
green) the better it is; as the tree is given
a longer period in which to establish new
roots before the ground freezes. Appar-
ently, too, a tree can repair its root system
better if transplanted just before it has
reached its full dormant period or gone
into deep sleep. After it has become
dormant, new growth starts with reluc-
tance. The tree becomes, with the ap-
proach of its dormant season, less active
in moving food materials to form new root
growth. The most rapid root growth can
be secured then if the tree is planted when
just beginning its dormant condition.

THE REST PERIOD OF THE TREE

We usually understand the rest period
to mean the time between when the leaves
shed in autumn and when new ones come
out in spring. As a matter of fact, this
rest period is not all of it a period of deep
sleep. At the beginning of the so-called
dormant period in early winter and toward
its close in later winter, trees and shrubs
are in a condition that they could be
wakened into growth easily, if warm wea-
ther and favorable conditions prevailed.

On the other hand, there is a period of.

winter, occupying in this section, Decem-
ber and January, when most species will
not wake up without special treatment.
This may be tested by putting out twigs
containing fruit buds of the peach in water
in a warm room. If they are cut from
the tree as it is approaching its dormant
condition they may be quickly forced into
tender spring-like growth. They will even
come out into bloom in a few days. But
if the twigs are brought in during the first
part of the winter (the last part of Decem-
ber or January), they retain their dormant
condition no matter how much heat and
moisture are applied. Twigs taken still
later, say February first, will usually
start spring-like growth and come into
bloom in a few days when brought into
warmth. Autumn transplanting, then,
should be done before the trees reach this
period of deep sleep.

The tables on the next page show the
comparative growth during the summer
of 1909 and 1910 of Jonathan apple trees,
one row of which were planted in the fall
of 1908 and the second row, comprising
trees selected to match those of the first
Tow as near as possible, transplanted in
the spring of 1909.

The summary of the average growth
shows that during the first summer the
autumn transplanted trees made almost
double the total length growth of limb
which was made by similar trees trans-
planted in spring. In only one case, Tree
No. 4, did the spring transplanted tree
outgrow the autumn transplanted mate.
This might be due to natural variation
in the plants. The trees were selected in

TILE GARDEN

)

Spring-planted weigela

MAGAZINE

Fall-planted weigela

The new growth is weak and tardy in the first case; stronger in the second

pairs to match, one to be planted in autumn
and the other to be planted in spring.
They were treated as near alike as possible
with the exception of transplanting.

The second table shows that in 1910 the
spring transplanted trees had not yet caught
up in vigor of growth with those trans-
planted in autumn. Not only was the
total length growth of limb of the autumn-
transplanted trees the greater, but their
diameter growth also was larger.

This single experiment could not prove
a general principle as to the value of fall

Spring-planted plum

or spring planting. Results might vary
in different years and they undoubtedly
do. This is only one of many instances,
however, where comparison of spring and
autumn transplanting of trees has been
made. In nearly all cases where perfectly
healthy trees have been under considera-
tion those transplanted in autumn have
outgrown those transplanted in spring.
In addition to the trees measured in the
above tables a good many other speci-
mens were transplanted in spring and fall
to be taken up and observations made

Fall-planted plum

The new growth is weak and straggling in the first case; strong and symmetrical in the second. Plums
and peaches can be fall-planted in the South but not in the North. Photographs made in Missouri

108

from time to time. As suggested hereto:
fore root growth started rapidly and con-
tinued abundantly on autumn set trees
until the ground froze too deep for the
roots to grow. Root growth on spring
transplanted trees was retarded until
June when the soil became thoroughly
warm.

AUTUMN AND SPRING SET CUTTINGS

The same principle of autumn setting
to secure root growth is seen in some cut-
tings. Cuttings of certain trees set in
autumn especially toward the south. will
root readily, when spring set cuttings
of the same species generally will not.
For example, in Texas, pear trees may be
pruned in the fall as the leaves are shedding
and the branches inserted in the ground
as cuttings. They will root abundantly
during the autumn and early winter and
be well established when spring comes.
Such cuttings inserted in the spring, how-
ever, begin to make top growth and leaves
and usually exhaust themselves and die
before the roots can form. Cuttings of
the Le Conte pear set in autumn in Texas
are largely grown as stocks upon which
to graft or bud other varieties. Again:
the persimmon toward the North is very
difficult to propagate by means of cuttings,
grafts or buds. An orchardist in Missouri
desiring to propagate from a persimmon
tree which bore especially large fine fruit
sent cuttings of it to a nursery friend in
Texas to be inserted in autumn. These
cuttings rooted readily before winter which
is not possible in the North. This autumn
rooting of refractory cuttings in the Gulf
States is no doubt due to the great amount
of heat stored in the soil during the long
hot summer and which acts as bottom heat
below ground while the cooling atmosphere
above ground holds the buds dormant.
Similar cuttings inserted in the spring are
stimulated into growth above ground by
the warming atmosphere while the basal
ends are retarded in making root growth
because the soil has lost its store of heat.

THE EFFECT OF MULCHING

It is common advice to mulch newly
transplanted trees. The mulch favors their

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

root growth. For years past it has been
my practice to mulch abundantly with
Straw, mowings from the lawn, leaves,
or any other material available when
transplanting trees or shrubs in autumn.
The mulch is put on, if possible, several
inches deep and should extend out in a
circle of three feet from the transplanted
treeor shrub. Where this mulch is applied
the soil remains much more spongy, mellow
and moist than where the soil is left bare.
It never crusts over after autumn rains and
needs no cultivation or stirring as does bare
soil. Furthermore, mulching retains the
heatinthe ground. This intensifies the de-
velopment of roots through the agency of
the additional bottom heat secured. Soil
under the mulch will not freeze for weeks
after freezing has begun on exposed
areas.

Mulching is very serviceable in retaining
the soil in condition for autumn trans-
planting. It often happens that the soil,
where shrubs or trees are to be transplanted
in the lawn in the autumn dries out during
July or August so there is inadequate mois-
ture for proper autumn transplanting.
The writer has been very successful in
retaining the proper moisture in the soil
by spading up in July, or at the beginning
of the dry season, a circle where the tree
or shrub is to be transplanted in October
and mulching the area thoroughly with
mowings from the lawn. Even if the
upper foot of soil in the lawn has been dry
and hard and spades up in dry, coarselumps,
under the mulch applied, moisture coming
up from below will be collected. The
dry lumps slack, mellow and become moist.
In October when the remainder of the lawn
has become dry and hard these mulched
areas have given ideal conditions for the
roots of shrubs and trees.

WHEN SPRING TRANSPLANTING IS BEST

Any species which in a given climate is
tender is probably safer if transplanted
in spring, because a recently transplanted
tree is more severely injured by winter
than one with an established root system.
Remember that the most important factor
connected with winter killing is a dry-
ing out process. The cells of the plant

OcToBER, 1911

lose their moisture without being able to
get it back. The amount of root system
produced on autumn transplanted trees,
before winter, may be sufficient to keep
perfectly hardy trees from drying out, but
is inadequate to save a tender tree which
easily dries out or winter kills.

Any tree or shrub likely to die back
severely in winter is probably safer if
transplanted in the spring than in the
fall. Exception should be made in the
case of roses and some low growing things
which are usually pruned back nearly to
the ground in spring. Even the tenderest
of the so-called hardy roses that endure
our winters at all may safely be trans-
planted in autumn if mulched to a good
depth. They will likely die back down to
the mulch but they should be pruned back
to this degree in any event in spring.

A few plants require special treatment.
For example: In the Central West, ever-
green trees are more safely transplanted
when first starting new growth. In this
section, likewise, we find it safer to trans-
plant practically all the nut trees and
persimmons in late spring after they have
come out into full growth. Evergreens
have much resin in their wood. If trans-
planted in late autumn or early spring
during the dormant period a resin-like
coat forms over the wounds where the
roots were cut. This sometimes prevents
the formation of new callus and new
roots, and seems to seal up the wound with
a layer of resin which new growth cannot
burst through. At the time growth is
just beginning in spring the sap in the tree
becomes more fluid, resin does not form so
thickly or abundantly at the wound, andthe
roots start readily. In a similar way
persimmons and most nut trees have a
thick gummy juice during the dormant
season which seals over the cut ends of
the roots with a rubbery substance prevent-
ing new growth. After they push out into
leaf in late spring the sap is thinner and
the wound will not become sealed over with
a layer which the roots cannot penetrate,
but root growth starts quickly. Fortun-
ately, these are species which do not readily
dry out even though in full leaf at the time
of transplanting.

A COMPARISON OF SPRING AND FALL PLANTING RESULTS

Comparative Growth During Summer of 1909 of Jonathan Apple Trees

to Trees set Noy. 12, 708

to Trees set April 22, ’og.

Fall Planted

Fall Planting vs. Spring Planting, Record for 1910

Spring Planted

TREE LENGTH GROWTH CALIPER TREE LENGTH GROWTH CALIPER No. TOTAL LENGTH NO. OF
NO. OF LIMBS IN INCHES] IN INCHES NO. OF LIMBS IN INCHES | IN INCHES IN FEET BRANCHES
I 247. +8 I 170.7 T6 I 8475 52
2 375-5 Té 2 185. té 2 106% 63
3 324. 8 3 99.5 18 3 9972 58
4 16. 48 4 42. re 4 404 42
5 260. +8 5 133. 16 5 783 49
6 411.5 18 6 105. a5 6 998 60
7 195. re 7 173-5 te 7 102% 52
8 210. Ag 8 190.5 it 8 Boje) 69
9 104. 48 9 21. +6 9 60 53
10 204. 48 Io 124 Ae atte) 1127°5 69
Avg. 243.7 43 Avg. 124 18 Avg. 804 564

DIAMETER

TOTAL LENGTH NO. OF DIAMETER

NO.

IN INCHES IN FEET BRANCHES IN INCHES
Ii I 80% 50 1}
175 2 73%2 5° 176
175 3 56% 42 it
175 4 42745 40 I
14 5 6975 56 Iz
176 6 58i5 45 14
175 7 0575 80 176
13 8 544 43 175
14 9 4675 36 135
1 10 5875 37 fz
Ig’ Avg. 63¥2 47.9 14

Arboriculturist

Hickory Trees Threatened with Destruction — ByJ. J. Levison, #9",

A NEW INSECT PEST OF OUR SHADE TREES—PROMPT AND DRASTIC MEASURES NEEDED
TO SAVE THE TREES BEFORE THERE IS DANGER OF ATTACK BY THE HICKORY BARK BORER

Dp” your hickories show wilted leaves
and many dead twigs in June,
July and August? You lost your chest-
nut trees; and discovered the fact when it
was too late. You may lose your hickories
just as fast. The hickories about New
York, on Long Island (in the neighborhood
of Flushing, Douglaston, Great Neck),
are badly infested with the hickory bark
borer (Scolytus quadrispinosus) and hun-
dreds of trees have already been killed
by this insect. Trees in the Bronx, in
Flatbush and other places in the vicinity of
Greater New York are also infested,
and nothing but prompt execution of dras-
tic measures over the entire infested area
will save the thousands of remaining
hickories in this region. There are 16,000
hickories standing in Forest Park, Ja-
maica, still free from insect infestation
and there are thousands of others filling
the woodlands on Long Island and along
the Hudson. Can we afford to lose them?

THE REMEDY

The insects spend most of their lives
boring under the bark and are therefore
inaccessible for treatment except to cut
the infested trees down and burn the bark.
If a tree shows signs of infestation, though
partially alive, it is just as well to cut the
tree down, because it is sure to die in a
short time and leaving it standing would
only harbor many of the insects that will
afterward emerge to other trees. In case
of valuable specimens, it may be well to
remove and burn all infested branches.

During the middle of May, the beetles
gnaw in the leaf stalks and it may then
be well to spray the
petioles of the leaves
with arsenate of
lead, but this method
can but little be de-
pended on and the
salvation of the
hickory really lies in
the rapid and abso-
lute destruction of
all infested speci-
mens.

The writer has
now been fighting
this insect in the
parks of Brooklyn
for the past four
years. Every known
method of treatment
has been tried and
the remedy sug-
gested is the result
of this experience.

The hickory wood
is heavy, hard and
strong and that of
the removed trees

would be sufficiently sound to be suitable
in the manufacture of agricultural imple-
ments, carriages and wagons, for fuel,
telephone poles, ties or posts.

Bark of mocker-nut hickory after the hickory
bark borer has emerged. Fungus follows the bor-
er’s attack

Workings of the borer. The first specimen shows the holes on the surface of the bark; the second and
third specimens show the galleries formed by the borers

109

In 1903, a similar infestation occurred
at Belle Isle Park in Detroit, Mich. All
the hickory trees there were threatened
with destruction and only a timely cutting
down of the infested ones saved the rest.
The felled trees were sold and covered the
expense of cutting.

THE INSECT AND HOW TO TELL ITS PRESENCE

The mature insect is a very small brown
or black beetle. It forms longitudinal
burrows in the outer sapwood immediately
under the bark and from these burrows
emanate side galleries formed later by their
legless grubs. These grubs are also very
small, about one-fourth inch in length,
white with -brownish heads and powerful
dark colored jaws. The insects are very
prolific and within the same summer a
tree may be infested and killed.

The presence of the insect can be de-
tected by the small holes in the bark of the
tree and the fine sawdust which is ejected
from these holes when the insects are active.
These holes, however, will not be notice-
able until the insect has completed its
transformations. In summer, the infested
trees show wilted leaves and many dead
twigs. Holes in the base of the petioles
of these leaves are also sure signs of the
workings of the insect.

The hickory bark borer is an old enemy
in this country but has never before
been serious enough in the vicinity of
New York to cause special comment.
Now it is serious enough to cause
alarm. It was observed as early as 1867
and has since then been studied by
entomologists in many parts of the coun-
try. The writer
first observed its
presence on Long
Island at Prospect
Park in 1906. He
then obtained the
personal assistance
of Doctor E. P. Felt,
the State Entomolo-
gist, and has since
been making efforts
to check its rav-
ages. Butso long as
there remain in-
fested trees on pri-
vate grounds in the
vicinity, the neigh-
boring good trees of
this species are in
danger of reinfesta-
tion and something
must be done to
secure codperation
to eradicate the pest
from the whole in-
fested area at one
time.

The “Fun” of Collecting Anemones, I[V.-— By Wilhelm Miller,

THE JAPANESE ANEMONE, WHICH GIVES NEW LIFE AND COLOR TO WANING GARDENS IN
SEPTEMBER, AND FURNISHES ADMIRABLE FLOWERS FOR CUTTING AS LATE AS NOVEMBER

HEN the hundredth anniversary

of the introduction of Anemone
Japonica occurs in 10944, I hope that
event will be celebrated by giving every
human being in America a chance to grow
this lovely flower —not the coarse, old
pinkish-purple thing, but the white variety.
For I know no better symbol of purity.
No other. flower has done so much to en-
noble American home life during the au-
tumn months. Chrysanthemums give more
gayety and color, and phlox contributes
more showiness; but neither of them can
compare in dignity
of bearing or interest
of leaf-form, nor can
they sound a note of
aspiration like the
chaste white flower
of the Japanese ane-
mone.

Consider the per-
manence and econ-
omy of such a bed
of flowers as that on
page 113. Here we
have a mass that has
been undisturbed for
ten years! Compare
this with the trouble
of digging the ground
every spring to sow
annuals, or the cost
of buying pansies
and salvias every
year for a decade!
Yet there are mil-
lions of people who
have never gotten

beyond this first
crude idea of gar-
dening. It never

dawns on them that
the simpler way is
more artistic; that
hardy bedding is
better than tender
bedding. Unfortu-
nately some hardy
plants have uninter-
esting foliage, e. g.
phlox is common-
place and subject to
mildew, while chrys-
anthemums have
aphids and_ black
spots. But look at
the foliage in these
pictures. Wouldn’t
you rather live with
a solid bed of that
for four months than
with a bed of coleus
or cannas?

I can barely hint
at other artisticways

of using the Japanese anemone. One is
to associate it with architecture, as sug-
gested on page 114. Another way is use
it for edging shrubbery, in which case
some of the flowers will be beaten down
by heavy rains. However, this only adds
to the pictorial effect, provided the flowers
lie on the grass, instead of being spattered
by dirt. The wild gardener’s way is to
plant the single varieties along woodland
walks and let them ramble at their own
sweet will, forming great self-supporting
colonies. Those half-developed people who

Top row: Whirlwind, alba. Middle: Prince Henry, elegantissima. Bottom: Queen Charlotte. rosea superba

170

use flowers only for cutting certainly
get their money’s worth from the Japan
anemone; witness page 114. Everybody
can have one or two clumps of it in
his hardy border, but the effect is not
good when the plants are grown singly
here and there. It is a plant that requires
massing. A solid bed of it is the proper

thing in the garden, but in the middle of

the lawn there should be no beds.
One cannot ruin a garden picture with

anemones as easily as with phlox or chry- ©

santhemums. The only color that makes
trouble is the old
rosy purple. The
white is, of course, a
harmonizer and
“lights the waning
garden with new life
and color.” It is
sinful to stake ane-
mones and choke
them. (Seepage 114)
Better cut the flow-
ers or grow the dwarf
varieties. It is al-
most impossible to
get any bad effect
with the white ane-
mone because it re-
deems the most
commonplace sur-
roundings, especi-
ally in the early
morning and at dusk
when it is full of
mystery, charm, and
poetic suggestion —
even in a crowded
city. Witness page
II4).

The cultivation of
the Japanese ane-
mone is very simple
— just plant it and
leaveitalone. Like
all autumn-bloom-
ing perennials it
should be planted in
spring —not fall.
There is little in-
ducement to raise it
from seed, because
you will have to
wait two years and
will get a lot of nasty
purples. It will do
well enough in any
soil, but the secret
of success is rich soil,
deep preparation,
and annual top-
dressing with strawy
manure after the
ground has frozen.
Frost does not harm

OcroBER, 1911

'
b
cs
Fe
be

BITS

=

PEATE
Fe eee oe aes

The florists want large, double flowers with broad
petals. (Prince Henry)

the flowers or even a light freeze, but if a
freeze threatens cover the plants with heavy
boxes or papers. An easy way to prolong
the season is to plant some in a warm and
sunny spot for September, and some on the
north side of the house for October bloom.
The flowers will even recover from a
November freeze if shaded so that they
can thaw out very gradually. The plant
is reasonably hardy, but sometimes does
better north of Boston than in Phila-
delphia, because it likes a steady winter
better than a variable one. Mr. Whyte
lost his whole collection at Ottawa because
the ground happened to freeze that year
before the snow came. The old crowns
are sometimes killed but new crowns de-
velop and will give good results the second
year. Anemones will die if planted in
ground where water stands in winter. The
old red variety is said to have the weakest
constitution. Whirlwind is so hardy as
to require no winter protection, though
litter is advisable for nearly all perennials
in a variable climate. If you wish to work
up a good stock, do not divide the roots
every spring; it is better to prepare the
ground deeply, give rich soil, and top
dress annually. Then the plants will
increase rapidly enough.

“Why in the world are you going to
collect Japanese anemones?” I once asked
Mr. Whyte. “I didn’t know there were
varieties enough to collect.”

BO yes; hey replied.) “Phere are
over thirty varieties and I have scoured
Holland, Germany, France and England
for them, because they vary in season,
color, size, doubleness, height of plant,
CEO

I can understand that passion. It is
the point of view of the lover of “‘florist’s
flowers,” e. g. gladioli, dahlias, pansies,
tulips, any group in which there are dozens
of varieties. The collector loves to revel
in the differences of form and color that

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

never get into books. It needs years of
study and the patience of a man like
H. C. Irish, of the Missouri Botanical
Garden, to distinguish all the varieties of
such a group, make a key, etc. I shall
attempt only a rough sketch of the evo-
lution of the Japanese anemones, a quick
notion of which may be gotten from a
picture on the previous page.

The original Anemone Japonica is of a
rather disagreeable rosy purple and has
about five petals in a single row. The
plants sold under this name are somewhat
more developed, since they generally have
a double row of petals. There is no other
autumn-blooming species in the genus,
but there is a Himalayan variety, vitifolia,
which has grape-like foliage. The leaves
of the old Japonica are ternate, whereas
those of vitifolia are 5-to-7 parted and
heart-shaped. This Himalayan. plant is
of doubtful hardiness here and its only
interest is that it seems to have played
some part in the breeding of anemones, for
the varieties rosea and elegans which date
back to 1848 are supposed to be hybrids

Undisturbed for ten years: At Hartford, Henry Huss, gardener.

lll
of the Himalayan and the Japanese. Both
these varieties are sometimes included

under the name of hybrida and, after the
easy-going fashion of nurserymen, all
three names are still alive, although these
varieties have been far surpassed in
beauty.

The “‘improvers”’ of Japanese anemones
want a big, double flower, with broad,
overlapping petals. (See Prince Henry.)
They have increased the size from two to
three inches, and Geant Blanche some-
times has flowers three and a half inches
across. These, however, are single, and
the breeders are straining after a perfectly
double flower. I see no special harm in this
ideal, for the buttercup or open-faced type
of flower is so common in nature that there
is no unique form to be lost, as there is
with columbines and larkspurs. So far the
breeders have gotten only four rows of
petals, and the innermost is composed of
smaller and narrow petals which are more
or less twisted. These semi-double flowers
lose in grace what they gain in massiveness
and longevity. Prince Henry is perhaps

Queen Charlotte, pink, and’ alba

How to spoil a flower. Stake it and choke it with
@ string. Contrast this with the other pictures.
(Queen Charlotte)

the nearest to a double flower so far.
(See the photograph on page 113.)

As to color these shameless improvers
doubtless have no scruples. Possibly
they have even dreamed of yellow, blue
and scarlet autumn anemones, for these
colors exist in the genus. But autumn
flowers are mighty scarce in the buttercup
family and so far the colors only run from
white through silvery pink to rose and

Full of mystery, charm, and poetry in the early
morning, at dusk, or in partial shade, are these
white flowers

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

purple. The deepest colored petals make
a bad discord with their yellow stamens,
just as peonies do, but the yellow adds
greatly to the charm of the white
flowers.

Earliness seems to me _ undesirable.
The improvers often spoil flowers by
trying to make them bloom as long as
possible. It would be a shame to make
everything “everblooming,” for the heart
demands some “season markers.’’ Other-
wise we might wake out of a trance and
be unable to tell the time of year by the
flowers. The Japanese anemone means
autumn and I shall never buy any of the
varieties that start early in August. One
hardened old Scotchman claimed he had
anemones that would bloom in July. The
only reason I can see for having Japanese
anemones bloom in August is to have them
eaten up by aster beetles.

THE WHITE VARIETIES

The old single white is still sold under
the name of alba or Henorine Joubert. It
has single flowers about two and one-half
inches across and is considered one of the
most valuable for late bloom. It is doubt-
less the best for wild gardening. The
first great improvement was Whirlwind,
which originated at Rochester in 1888 and
was distributed in 1894. It is hardier
than alba and the flowers last longer, but
is less graceful both on the plant and as
a cut flower. It has three or four rows
of petals. It also has a good background
for its flowers by reason of its bracts.
Lady Ardilaun is now considered the best
white, as it has broad, thick, overlapping
petals, waxy texture, and larger flowers.
It has the effect of a single flower as there
are only two rows of petals. Semidouble
are Beauté Parfaite, Coupe d’Argent, and
Perfection.

THE PINK AND ROSE VARIETIES

The best colors are simply dilutions of
the old rosy purple of Anemone Japonica,
which you can buy under the name of
variety rubra. Some aurserymen call it
a carmine, with a rose reverse, but this
seems to me too alluring. The next step
down the scale of color is represented by
rosea, which we buy to-day as rosea per-
fecta, rosea superba, and elegans. Next
we come to the soft silvery pink with a
satiny reverse as typified by elegantissima,
which gets three stars from the Ottawa
critics. Somewhere between is pallida,
described as pale purple.

The favorite dark colored variety of
to-day is Prince Henry (See photograph
on page 113).

The favorite rose-colored variety is
Mont Rose, which has three-inch flowers,
with four or five rows of petals. It is
dwarf, about one and a half to two feet
high.

The favorite light-colored variety is
Queen Charlotte which is silvery pink,
of silky texture — the color of a La France
rose. It is a shade deeper than elegantis-
sima. The reverse of the flower is darker.

OcTOBER, 1911

The Japanese anemone is decorative, it com-
poses well with architecture. Whirlwind variety
at Mr. Eastman’s, Rochester, N. Y. re

It is a strong-growing variety, sometimes
attaining four feet, and has extra long
stems for cutting. Whether it will be sur-
passed by Profusion, Couronne Virginale,
or Lady Gilmour remains to be seen. The
last named is the same as crispa.

Other names which I find in cata-
logues, domestic and foreign, are: Brilliant,
Collarette, Cristata, Enchantment, Lord
Adilaun, Rose d’Automne, Soir d’Eté,
and Turban.

What flower can beat this for fecundity, or as a
cut flower?

Trained European Gooseberries for America—By H. S. Adams,

Con-
necticut

THESE FINE FRUITS ARE EATEN RIPE OUT OF HAND LIKE PLUMS— THE
BUSHES CAN BE TRAINED AGAINST A WALL SO AS TO SAVE SPACE

AMERICANS who happen to be in

England at just the right time are
prone to go into ecstasies over the goose-
berries of the old country — “big as a
pigeon’s egg.’ Almost invariably there
follows a sigh. “‘Gooseberries like that are
not for us,” they say. Just as if there
were no such thing as trying!

Gooseberries ‘‘like that”? can be grown
in the United States. It is not contended
for a moment that the finest fruit is as
easy a matter here as in England and
Scotland, where the gooseberry appears to
find a more congenial climate. Neverthe-
less, the best results may be approximated
in this country if a proper amount of pains
be taken. According to R. B. Whyte the
three essentials are shade, clay, and plenty
of moisture.

As a matter of fact, gooseberries quite
near enough to being ‘‘big as a pigeon’s
egg” have been grown right within the
limits of the city of New York. An Eng-
lishman in exile wanted some home goose-
berries. He set about it and got them from
his own garden, and that is all there is to
that story.

The gooseberries that I have in mind
are as large as some bird eggs — say an
inch in length. But I was not more im-
pressed by their size than by the ease
with which they were grown. It was just
as if it had all been a dream, this talk about
worth-while gooseberries being something
that American gardens must pine for in
vain. Still more was I impressed by the
fact that a considerable crop of first class
fruit was made possible without any
sacrifice of space whatever.

It was simply a matter of taking ad-
vantage of a practice common enough
abroad, but rare here — the training of
“small fruits’? other than grapes on either
a flat trellis or against a wall. In this case
the extremely simple expedient of using
gooseberries, trained flat on a low fence of
strung wires, as a means of hedging in the
vegetable and reserve flower gardens was
adopted. Set in the regular manner, the
gooseberries would have taken up too much
room. They would also have shut out
more sunlight and the fruit would not have
been so fine. As it is, the bushes, trained
espalier fashion, are merely a thin wall of
green occupying no space that would be
missed; the foliage is sparse enough to
let light and air through and, finally, the
fruit has a chance to attain the very
height of excellence.

Nor is this gooseberry hedge, which is
scarcely more than a yard high, in any way
unattractive. On the contrary, the thin
wall of green is quite pretty even when not
dotted with the fruit. When the big
gooseberries, full of juice and with the
light shining through them, are ripe the

hedge is one of the most attractive features
of the gardens.

The trained bushes happen to have been
secured abroad, where they are plentiful
enough in England, Scotland and Ger-

many. Imported stock may be purchased
in this country, however. Any up-to-
date nursery can supply you. The bushes

should be set from three to four feet apart,
and so tied to the wires as to utilize all
available space. It is better, as in these
gardens, to define ends and corners by the
use of a bush trained to “‘standard’’ shape.
Or, at regular intervals, standards may be
employed to vary the sky-line. In spring
and in summer the side shoots need
pruning.

Insects may pester the gooseberry, but
such damage is easily avoided. Nor is
this fruit subject to much disease. The
bushes referred to have no troubles of that
sort. Every spring they are sprayed with
an insecticide that is manufactured spec-
ially to ward off the ravages of the dreaded
San Jose scale. In the spring, also, hellebore
or slugshot is blown over the bushes
with a small bellows to keep off the worms.

As for winter-killing, that ought to be
disposed of by the statement that these
hedges have stood ten winters in central
Connecticut without any casualties.

This matter of durability is of great
importance, as it must be regarded in the
light of an offsetting factor in considering
the comparatively high first cost. Goose-
berries, of all small fruits, are the most
expensive. Ordinary kinds, in plain bush

form, cost up to $2 a dozen and the choicer
varieties $3.50 to $4. Standards and other

113

Gooseberries trained espalier serve aS an ornamental screen to a vegetable garden. The fruit is more
easily picked and the vines readily treated for insects.

trained forms run from $9 to $15, and per-
haps even higher. But, with suitable
care, the crop, taking a period of ten years
or more, will be worth in the aggregate
the amount of money invested plus a fair
rate of interest. Besides, there is that
which may not be reckoned in dollars and
cents — the joy of growing in one’s own
garden quality fruit that cannot be found
in the market place.

Three varieties that have stood every
test in these Connecticut hedges are Smith’s
Improved, large, sweet, light green in color
and the earliest, beginning to ripen at the
end of June; Industry, deep red, excellent in
quality, and highly prolific; and Pearl, a
white kind that in flavor and abundance has
quite as much to recommend it. Don’t let
this fall planting season pass by without add-
ing a few gooseberries to your garden!

A word about eating gooseberries. The
large ones, when “dead ripe,”’ are delicious
eaten out of hand and are especially good
for the table because of their additional
decorative value. The unripe fruit is no
less desirable for pies, more especially the
“deep dish”? English style, with no under
crust. Then there are tarts, jam,
preserves and, last but by no means least,
the delectable ‘‘gooseberry fool” of the
English and Scotch housewife. One Scotch
woman on American soil gilds the lily by
serving frozen gooseberry fool and, as the
writer can testify, it is very delicious on
a hot summer’s day. This dish, by the way,
is not as foolish as it sounds; it appears
to get its name from the French verb
fouler, to crush, the gooseberries being
scalded and then crushed with cream.

Standards are inserted about every twenty ieet

When planting the bulb, force the trowel into the
soil and draw it toward you

Remove the trowel and push the bulb into place
before the earth falls in

With the back of the right hand shove earth down
on the bulb, filling the hole

Planting for Spring Flowers—By Leslie Hudson, *

‘THE easiest way for any one to have

an abundance of flowers in the spring
is by buying Dutch bulbs now — that is,
tulips, hyacinths, narcissus, crocus, etc.
—and planting them in an open border.
In this way you can get a maximum of
results with a minimum of trouble, pro-
vided you buy good sound bulbs.

The best way for the amateur to buy
bulbs is to confine himself to the recognized
popular varieties which have been favorites
for years. Any catalogue list will give
the names of these. It pays to buy the
highest grade bulb that the trade offers,
and the moderate-priced varieties will
usually give more satisfactory returns in
quantity of flower and certainty of blooming
under all conditions than the higher priced,
rarer kinds. Judge bulbs by their weight;
size is not everything. Rather buy a bulb
that is heavy for its size. If you pinch it
and find it gives under pressure, discard
it. Good bulbs are solid and heavy.

The problem of cultivation is merely
that of getting roots properly started and
well developed before the tops begin to
grow. You cannot govern the develop-
ment of a flower by cultivation; that is
determined when the bulb is formed. You
can improve the quality of the flower.
Plant as early as possible — all October
or early November — in a well cultivated,
rich, open soil. : Give manure but put it
below the bulbs so that they will not touch
it. On heavy soils set the bulbs on sand.
Give bottom drainage.

Plant daffodils and narcissus as soon as
possible now about four inches deep.
They demand earlier planting than any
of the other bulbs. Hyacinths must be
planted before frost and need more care
than the others. Plant them not later
than, the last day of October about six
inches deep. Tulips can be safely left
until the last, as they are perfectly hardy
and can be planted up to any time that
the ground is open. Small bulbs, crocus,
scilla, snowdrop, are planted two to three
inches deep and are useful for borders.

For formal effects get bulbs of the same
size and plant in uniform depth. Other-
wise, they will flower at intervals. Single
varieties are more effective than the
double, but doubles last a little longer.

The most noble of all the bulbs for fall
planting are lilies. They need deep plant-
ing — six inches in heavy soils to a foot in
light soils. As a rule, lilies prefer light
soils. ‘The native species are best in heavy
soils, but they must be well drained.
In dry soils plant Liliawm Philadelphicum
and Washingtonianum. The gold-banded
L. auratum and L. testaceum will stand
the heavy soils. All lilies seem to re-
quire shade at the roots. Lilies can be
planted in shrubbery, particularly with
rhododendrons.

The easiest way to plant bulbs is to use
a trowel or dibble, making a hole by merely
thrusting the tool into the ground and
working it backward and forward to en-
large the opening. Into the bottom of
this throw a handful of sand and on that
plant the bulb frmly. If the hole is merely
made by thrusting the dibble into the
ground, there is danger of the bulb being
“hung’’— that is, an empty space being
left below the bulb, which gives no accom-
modation to the young roots. After plant-
ing and covering the bulbs with soil, press
down firmly by tramping, so as to ensure
contact and to avoid danger of drying out
and of water-logging.

Another interesting way of planting
bulbs is for naturalistic effects in the lawn
or among borders in the foreground of
shrubbery. Planting is done in exactly
the same way. If turf is present, it is
better to lift the turf by a sidewise cut,
encircle the bulb and press the covering
down on it again, always using the sand.
A succession of blooms can be had from
all bulbs by using the same variety in
different parts of the ground. Light soils
and sunny exposures will give the earliest
flowers; heavy soils and shaded corners
will give the latest. In this way you can
get a difference of three weeks in the appear-
ance of the same variety.

The following varieties have stood the
test of time and may be found in nearly
every dealers’ list.

Hyacinths. There is less stability in
the names of hyacinths than other bulbs.
Most dealers have their special lists from
which it will be perfectly safe to select.
The single varieties produce larger and
more handsome flowers than the double

II4

ones. Hyacinths are the most fragrant
of all Dutch bulbs and for that reason are
largely used. Gertrude, Etna, Roi des
Belges, red and crimson; alba maxima, La
Francise and La Grandesse, white; Czar
Peter, Grand Maitre, King of the Blues,
La Peyrouse, blue; King of the Blacks is
the darkest colored purple blue; Obelisque
is a fine yellow.

Tulips. The best single white is Joost
van Vondel; White Pottebakker and White
Hawk are also good. Among the yellows,
Yellow Pottebakker, Mon Trésor and Chry-
solora. For pinks, Persephone, Cottage
Maid (white bordered pink), Rose Gris
de Lin; reds, the favorites are Belle
Alliance, Artist, Scarlet Pottebakker; crim-
son, Coleur Cardinal, Crimson King and
Gesneriana.

Of double tulips good varieties are La
Candeur, white; Imperator Rubrorum,
glowing scarlet; Couronne d’Or, yellow;
Murillo, pink.

Daffodils. In the following list the
names appear according to the season of
each flower. All yellow trumpets: Ard
Righ, Early Bird, Golden Spur; mid-
season, Emperor, maximus; late, Glory of
Leiden.

White-winged or bicolors: Early, Vic-
toria; midseason, Empress, Horsefieldi;
late, Madame Plemp, Grandee.

All white trumpets: Early, Cernuus Albi-
cans, Mrs. Thompson, Princess Ida; mid-
season, William Goldring; late, Madame
de Graaff.

Medium-crowned or cup daffodils. In-
comparabilis varieties: early, Sir Watkin;
midseason, Autocrat, Stella Superba; late,
Beauty, Gloria Mundi. Barrii group:
Conspicuus, Flora Wilson, Sensation. Leed-
sii group: Duchess of Westminster, Kather-
ine Spurrell, Mary Magdelene de Graaff,
Mrs. Langtry.

Short-crowned or saucer daffodils: Mid-
season, Burbidgei, Baroness Heath, Crown
Princess; late, Sequin. ‘The two best varie-
ties of the fragrant and pure white poet’s
narcissus, and flowering earlier, are Ornatus
and King Edward VII.

Double daffodils: The most important
is Telamonius plenus, popularly known as
Van Sion; Cernuus plenus, Capax plenus,
Sulphur Pheenix.

Growing Mushrooms for Home Use-—By James Cumming,

A CROP THAT CAN BE RAISED IN AN ORDINARY HOUSE CELLAR, AND
PRODUCE A‘ DELICACY FOR THE TABLE DURING THE ENTIRE WINTER

NY time between now and early
November you can start a bed for
mushrooms. The one shown in the ac-
companying picture was made from rough
twelve inch boards; it is four feet wide and
twelve feet long, and cost $5.00, including
labor and brass pointed thermometer.
It was spawned on September 2, and from
October 18 to December 31 gave 86 pounds
of mushrooms. No account of the amount
picked was kept after that, but the bed
lasted until after the first of February.
I figure that at least 100 pounds were
gathered.

WHERE TO GROW THEM

Although mushrooms may be success-
fully grown under greenhouse benches, and
in caves and outbuildings that are free
from draughts and excessive moisture,
probably no better place can be found
for growing them than in a cellar that is
dry and where the temperature can be
kept at from 54 to 60 degrees. If there is a
heater in the cellar, so much the better, as
it is a hard matter in extremely cold weather
to maintain the proper temperature with-
out the aid of artificial heat. If the
temperature rises above 60 degrees the
cellar should be ventilated in such a way
that no draught can strike the mush-
rooms, which would cause the smaller ones
to shrivel, and the skin on the older ones
to crack and curl up.

MAKING THE BEDS

Where there is enough floor space the
bed already described is the most prac-
tical. It is easily cared for, and is the
simplest to make as it requires no bottom
other than the floor it is made on; but where
there is little room the beds can be made
up on the order of Pull-
man berths, leaving a
space of about three
feet between the top of
the bottom bed and the
bottom of the upper.
The legs of the upper
bed should be made of
three by four lumber.
Two by four cross pieces
are nailed securely to
the legs, and on these
supports planks of the re-
quired width and length
are laid. The sides and
ends for this bed are
nailed together and laid
on the planks. When
beds are of considerable
length cross pieces should
be nailed in the centre
to keep the boards from
spreading when the man-
ure is being tamped in.

From this bed, which contains forty-eight square feet of surface,

PREPARING THE MATERIAL

When the bed is ready, procure from a
livery stable the necessary amount of fresh
horse manure, entirely free from bedding.
For a bed four feet wide and twelve feet
long, one large wagon load is enough. The
manure is thrown out conveniently close
to where the bed is to be made, and if too
dry should be spread out and sprinkled
sufficiently to be just moist, but not wet.
If it can be handled not later than the
following day no turning is necessary,
but if it has to stand several days before
it can be placed in the beds, it should be
turned over once daily to prevent it from
burning. To every four wheelbarrow loads
of manure mix one wheelbarrow load of
good garden soil. After the soil and
manure have been thoroughly mixed —
composted —it is placed in the bed in
layers, and each layer firmly tamped with
a brick or wooden block. It is practically
impossible to pack the compost too tightly.
The last layer when tamped and leveled
nicely should be two inches from the top
of the sides. A mushroom thermometer
should now be plunged in the bed. In
the course of a few days the temperature
of the bed rises above 1oo degrees, and when
it has come down to 86 degrees, which will
be in not sooner than ten days, the spawn
may be planted.

SPAWNING THE BED

Mushroom spawn is obtainable at most
seed stores, and it comes in brick form. For
good results it must be fresh, and should
be kept in a cool dry place until the bed
is ready for planting. The bed shown
required five bricks that cost $1.00. The

bricks are broken into pieces about an

were gathered in five months

115

100 pounds of mushrooms

inch and a half square, and the pieces
are planted about eight inches apart each
way and an inch below the surface. As
the bricks are not easily broken when dry,
they may be wrapped in a wet sack or
old piece of burlap for several hours before
planting. After planting, the rough sur-
face of the bed is firmly tamped, and if
dry, given a_ sprinkling. Use luke-
warm water and apply it only through a
sprinkling can. Ten days later, cover the
bed with one inch of fine soil; firm gently
and again sprinkle sufficiently to settle
the soil. No further attention is necessary
other than watering until the mushrooms
appear, which will be not earlier than six
weeks from the time of spawning.

CRUCIAL POINTS

Nothing is of more importance than
the watering. Too much water will cause
the spawn to rot, and the crop will be re-
tarded, though not necessarily injured,
if the bed becomes dry. When the mater-
ial is placed in the bed, zt should be moist,
but not wet, and if possible, kept in that
condition. To obtain the soft, smooth-
skinned, thick-fleshed kind of mushrooms,
an even temperature and a moist atmos-
phere are necessary. If these conditions
do not exist, the bed should be covered
with a few inches of loose straw or hay,
which should be kept damp. An occas-
ional sprinkling of the floor is also bene-
ficial. Every other day most of the straw
should be removed, and any dry spots
showing on the bed carefully watered.
After the little mushrooms appear, give
the bed daily attention, and do not allow
the soil to become dry. Picking should be
done as soon as the veil under the cap is
broken. Where the mushrooms are grow-
ing singly they are best
removed by gently twist-
ing them from the bed.
Thirty and forty, how-
ever, sometimes grow
from one root, in which
case the mature ones may
be carefully cut off, leav-
ing the smaller ones to
develop.

After a crop has been
gathered, allow the bed
to become slightly dry,
after which the holes
where the mushrooms
were growing are filled
with fine soil; the whole
is given a good watering
and covered with straw
again. Thebed willlast
from two to five months.
One pound of mush-
rooms to the square foot
is a very fair crop.

Foundation plantings should never conceal good architectural lines

Annual flowers are better than nothing for foundations

Planting About the House-—By M. R. Conover, %,

SOME THINGS YOU CAN DO IN THE FALL TO IMPROVE THE APPEARANCE OF YOUR HOME NEXT
SPRING — SUGGESTIONS FOR PRESENT PLANTING OR FOR MAKING THE GROUND READY FOR SPRING

F COURSE you have noticed how

a few plants set about the foundation

of a newly built house will go a long,

long way to destroy that look of “‘newness.”’

Even a few annuals or bedding plants are

worth while. Those you will put out in

spring; but how about planting now for

next year’s effect? Even if you defer

planting till spring — which is not always
wise — prepare the ground now.

True, the work of preparation cannot
be confined to any particular month, but
must receive attention throughout the
year. Yet plans can be made, and all
preliminary work done in the fall. A
great deal of planting can be done too,
relieving the spring rush in the vegetable
patch, etc. Evergreens are successfully
planted in September, early October, April
and May; deciduous, hardy shrubs at
any time when not in leaf; all the Dutch
bulbs you must plant in October.

For the permanent plantings of evergreen
or deciduous shrubs provide a _ proper
depth of rich soil. Since soil about the
foundation is almost invariably infertile
remove it the width and depth of the pro-
posed planting, replacing with a mixture of
one part leaf mold, one part old, well rotted
manure and one part gardenloam. From
two to two and one-half feet is not too
deep for shrubs. For annual and biennial
plantings a foot of this earth is sufficient.

A good width for a border planting is
from three and one-half to four feet.
Dwarf evergreens are planted at least
eighteen inches from the foundation and
about twenty-four inches apart. It must
be understood, however, that the dwarf
pines, arborvites, spruces, yews, etc.,
do not remain dwarfs in good soil with
plenty of room for development. Even
with the above close planting, they will
outgrow their effectiveness after six or
seven years and must be moved. Scanting
the quantity of good soil helps to retard

their growth. Rhododendrons make a
beautiful showing along foundations.

The perennial candytuft is a very satis-
factory plant as it is hardy and will grow
on the shaded side of the house.

A number of the hardy biennials can be
planted in the fall requiring only the pro-

Screen poor architecture as much as possible

tection of leaves or straw to winter them
over. Plant hollyhocks, pansies, hardy
phlox, pinks, etc. Aim at good color and
form harmonies. A general “mix-up” is
entirely out of place here.

Dwarf evergreens against a stucco house

Pansies with a border of any desired
green foliage plant are very effective for
a low border. They will do well on the
cool shady side of the house where the
sun reaches only a short time each day.
For early spring bloom set out plants from
seed sown last August. Do this any time
before cold weather, planting them about
six Inches apart and mulching well during
the winter, with /ight litter.

If you rely on bulb effects plant daffodils
as soon as possible now; tulips at any
time; hyacinths before frost and four to
six Inches deep; tulips are quite hardy and
need only be two and one-half inches
down; crocus and snowdrops, two inches,
narcissus and kindred bulbs four inches,
and hardy lilies three or four inches deep.

Foundation plantings that are so profuse
as to subordinate fine architectural lines
are a mistake. Aim to enhance rather
than conceal the symmetry of correct
proportions.

The wall or foundation of the house
is the background against which foliage
forms and colors are to be effectively re-
vealed and with a little planning one may
employ lovely color effects to fine advan-
tage.

Perhaps one of the best effects is
obtained by planting dwarf evergreens
against the walls of the modern stucco
house. The house that has one material
carried well up its walls will stand a higher,
bolder growth of plants than one whose
foundation is of distinctly different char-
acter from the walls above.

As a general rule remember the nearer
long horizontal lines appear to the ground
lines, the less harsh are they in effect.
The low foundations will bear border
plantings and low effects with satisfying
results. And the high unpleasing founda-
tion lines of a house with a basement may
be toned into sightliness by soft, broken,
shrubbery masses.

Winter Flowers for the Window Garden — By Florence Spring, &”*

LIFT PLANTS FROM THE GARDEN BEFORE FROST AND KEEP THEM GROWING INDOORS

— ANNUALS THAT WILL FLOWER IN

eke years’ experience has enabled

us to know just which plants will
give us the most blossoms during the few
winter months, and to select a pleasing
variety for gay color, sweet odor, and or-
namental foliage.

In order to have the best possible suc-
cess in window gardening, a southern ex-
posure should be chosen. We have our
plants on a long shelf before three sunny
windows in our diningroom. The shelves
are covered with white enamel cloth. At
each end of the shelf we put a pot of the
pink Vernon begonia: this is in the shade
of the window casing, but thrives luxu-
riantly with little sun.

Next to these are put pots of climbing
nasturtiums. We plant the seeds early
in September, or, if prevented, cut off
stocky slips of the vines in the garden any
time before frost, root them in water —
the roots will appear almost immediately —
and plant them. Four or five plants are
enough for each pot. We use for the nas-
turtiums the shallow wide pans in which
the florists grow bulbs. As the vines grow,
make a trellis of green string up the sides
and across the top of the window. The
plants will blossom freely all winter.

Geraniums are used extensively in our
window garden, as we have found nothing
that will take the place of their showy and
abundant blossoms and luxuriant foliage.
The most beautiful and free-blooming
variety for us is Dryden. This produces
numerous large clusters of flowers of the
most exquisite bright salmon red, of a
peculiarly brilliant tone, with white eyes,
and is covered with blossoms all through
the winter.

It is best to cut back to within eight or

Heliotropes in the garden may be cut back severely
and brought indoors for winter bloom

ten inches from the root two or three old
plants, which begin to bloom immediately.
Two or three small plants, rooted during
the summer, will furnish beautiful large
clusters of blossoms in the late winter
or early spring. A couple of plants of
some free blooming, single white geranium
furnish just the right contrast to the
brilliant crimson clusters.

For flowers through the fall we take
up from the garden a few of the annuals,
just coming intobloom. French marigolds
are among the most satisfactory. Also
balsams, which in perfection resemble,
and are almost as beautiful as, azaleas.

A plant of the gorgeous large double
orange marigold, with care, may be lifted
from the soil without a leaf or bud wilting,
and will make a corner in your parlor, or
an end of your shelf sunny, for many a
cold dark day. One plant will often blos-
som for weeks. If space will allow, add
two or three pots of the small summer
annuals, mignonette, giant candytuft,
sweet alyssum, and Phlox Drummondi.
And a pot of single pink or lavender petunia
will supply continuous blossoms until
spring. Small seedlings may be taken up
from under the old plants in the garden.
Deluge the large annuals well, after
potting, and keep in the shade for two or
three days. These “transients” are
thrown away after a few weeks, and make
room for the increasing size of the regular
numbers of our plant family.

Another annual which I have never seen
in any window garden except my own is
the Schizanthus. Start some seedlings
in September, or take up two or three little
plants from the garden. As they grow, train
carefully on a little trellis, or two or three
smali sticks, and during the winter you will
be rewarded by a mist of lavender blos-
soms.

We always have one or two pots of the
sweet olive of the South, with its glossy
dark-green leaves, and clusters of tiny
white blossoms, which have the most
delicious fruity fragrance. Another beau-
tiful plant for window-gardening and one
seldom seen, is Streptosolen, both the blue
and orange flowered varieties. The first
has abundant and most lovely sky-blue
flowers of a size and shape similar to crow-
foot violets. The second has clusters of
brilliant orange blossoms. Both flower
luxuriantly.

No window garden is complete without
a pot of heliotrope, which, for both beauty
and fragrance, is unsurpassed. If one
prepares for the winter garden in summer,
start three of four slips, and put them in the
same pot— using a shallow bulb pan.
Keep them well pruned, and buds will soon
appear, and the blossoms will be a delight
all winter. If, however, one’s window

17

WINTER — STARTING FLANTS FROM CUTTINGS

garden is unpremeditated, cut down un-
sparingly an old plant, put it in a good
sized pot, drench it well, and keep it in a
dark place until the tiny new shoots appear,
which will be almost immediately. Many
more desirable plants might be added, and,
for the space at most flower-lovers’ disposal,
many must be subtracted from my list.
Each year’s collection may vary; which, if
one has space for a few plants only, will
add to the interest of caring for them.

Neither care nor trouble must be spared
in preparing a rich, finely pulverized soil,
of the right proportions of loam, fertilizer,
and humus, as with the small amount in
each pot, no subsequent care of the plant
will make up for poor, scanty earth. Take
equal parts of good garden loam, well
rotted manure, and light earth from the
bottom of the compost heap, add a little
sand and a sprinkling of wood ashes.
Mix all well, and sift through a coarse
sieve, or ash sifter. Put an inch or so
of broken flower pots, or brick, in the
bottom of each pot for drainage.

Also, I would add one suggestion in
regard to the winter care of house plants.
Keep them well sprayed, as the dust on
the leaves, if not removed, prevents them
from doing well. The spraying also dis-
courages, and usually removes, the green
aphis and also the tiny red spider, either
of which will kill a plant if unmolested.

We havea small plant sprayer, consisting
of a rubber bulb with a finely perforated
hard rubber end. With this we spray our
plants thoroughly once or twice a week.

Some good plant food should be used at
intervals throughout the winter, and the
earth stirred frequently about the roots
of the plants.

Old geranium plants should be cut back to within
eight inches of the root

The Autumn Planting of Roses—By W. S. Rogers

EXCEPT IN THE FAR NORTH, HYBRID PERPETUALS AND THE HARDIEST HYBRID
. TEAS MAY BE PLANTED IN THE AUTUMN, PROVIDED THEY ARE HEAVILY MULCHED

VOU can plant roses successfully any

time from the middle of October
onward until March or April so long as
the ground is open. That’s the point —
the open ground, not in the grip of frost.

In America the general opinion has
been that the natural time for planting
roses is spring in the North and autumn
in the South. But the authors of “ Roses
and How to Grow Them” say: “Hybrid
Perpetuals and Rugosas may be planted
in early November, and one need not hesi-
tate to plant most of the Hybrid Teas
and the hardier Teas at the same time,
if prepared to protect them properly after
the first frost.”

“True,” says Mr. Leonard Barron,
“‘the tops may be killed down to the ground,
but remember that all you want is the
roots and sufficient eyes to start new
growing in the spring. This means plant-
ing deeply, so as to have earth mulch about

laa a al 8S

the present year’s canes, or covering well
with manure or other mulch. If you set
out roses in the fall the plants are there
to take advantage of the first warmth of
spring.”

Beginners who wish to keep on the safe
side should weigh these words from “ Roses
and How to Grow Them”: “As a rule,
spring planting of roses gives the best
results in the end.” However, there are
many people who are eager to do as much
gardening as possible in the autumn,
because it is the only way of avoiding the
spring rush. And these may take heart
for experiment from fone of the largest
nursery firms in Rochester, N. Y., which
has for many years advocated fall planting
in the following words: ‘“‘If the situation
be not too much exposed where the roses
are to be set out, we prefer fall planting
for all hardy kinds. Dormant plants
set out in the spring should be planted

early for no plant suffers more from being
set out late than the rose.”

Select a sunny site for the rose garden,
and, following ancient usage, we cannot
do better than lay it out formally. They
are perhaps the most artificial of all flowers.

We shall not therefore be in danger
of outraging good taste if we make our
rose garden on formal lines, by which I
mean if we plan it on a symmetrical basis.

The most common method is to cut the
rose beds in grass. The beds should not
be elaborate in outline nor too small. The
groups should show a geometrical relation
between their component beds.

The introduction of arches at suitable
points is an excellent device for obtaining
height.

The necessary shelter in exposed situa-
tions may be contrived by the use of rose
or sweetbrier hedges, or of roses trained
upon a skeleton fence.

Ramblers on a rustic arbor at Auburn, N. Y. The lighter colored hybrids of Wichuraiana, e.g. Lady Gay, is better than Crimson Rambler

118

OcTroBER, 1911

The prairie rose (R. setigera) has single flowers,
makes a fine bush, and has winter beauty

There is no reason why the rose garden
should take a shape having equal dimen-
sions both ways. It may be long and nar-
row, and I am not sure that that is not the
best form, especially when space is re-
stricted. It can be better brought into
harmony with the adjacent parts of the
garden. As a walk, too, it is less tedious
to traverse.

Roses make considerable demands upon
the soil, and therefore rose beds and borders
should be deeply trenched in the first
instance, and treated liberally with manure.
The common impression that clay soil is
the best for roses is not altogether correct.
They will thrive in almost any soil, pro-
vided they are well supplied with fertil-
izing matter. In light soils the manure
we give them is not retained so long as in
heavy soil, and thus, under careless cul-

Permanent Vines for Fall Planting— By W. C. McCollom, #

THE

GARDEN MAGAZINE

ture, they may starve. For this reason,
if the soil is sandy and light, it is well to
add a proportion of heavier material to
give it tenacity and retentive quality,
and in manuring to use cow manure. Jf
the garden is made upon turf, then dig in
the sods, and add any other decaying vege-
table matter you may have available

On heavy land it may be necessary to
drain the rose bed. This may be done by
throwing out the soil to a depth of three
feet, adding nine inches of rubble or brick
rubbish, and then filing up with soil.
In such case it is well to bring the level of
the beds well above that of the ground.
thorough preparation of the rose bed is the
surest guarantee of future success.

The operation of planting cannot be
too carefully conducted. Holes should
be got out of ample size, with the bottom
formed dome-shape to faciliate arranging
the roots.

These should be separated and distri-
buted radially over the bottom of the hole.
Fine soil should then be placed over the
rootlets, moving the stem of the plant up
and down to allow it to penetrate among
them. The remainder of the soil may then
be added and firmly rammed down. It
should not be heaped round the stem,
but left slightly depressed so as to facilitate
watering. Though there may be little
to be gained by care in spreading the roots,
so far as mere gravel goes, yet there is
no doubt that the care in spreading them
as widely as possible at the foot of the
hole renders excellent service in anchoring
the plant to the soil. If no rain follows
planting, give some water about a week

Hedges of garden
the Pacific Coast.

roses are not practical save on
Portland, Ore.

after. A mulching of manure may then
be put arourd each plant as protection
from frost.

Roses must not be crowded together too
closely. Standards should not be less
than three feet apart, and bushes not less
than one and a half to two feet.

The disposition of the plants in a rose
garden is largely a matter of taste. With
many beds to fill, we may devote each
bed to several roses of the same color or
kind, and thus get our color effect in masses.
On the other hand with a less elaborate
garden, contrasting or harmonizing colors.
may be associated together in the same
bed or border.

Long

THIS TABLE WILL HELP YOU TO SELECT A SUITABLE VINE TO COVER AN OLD
BUILDING, WALL OR UGLY FENCE— DO IT NOW; THERE’S OTHER WORK IN SPRING

pou eeLyY with other kinds of deci-
duous stock, all the deciduous per-
manent vines can be planted in the fall.
There is this much about it, however. If
you do plant vines in the fall, do not train
them to their supports until the following
spring. Instead, tie all the shoots together
where they lie on the ground; or better
still, bury them to a depth of five to six
inches. Do this, and then in the spring-

VINES THAT ARE GROWN

time you will have sturdy growths ready
for training over the supports. Plant a
trifle deeper than in the nursery, but be
careful not to plant grafted vines too
deeply. Make the holes as close as possible
to the supports. If the roots are some
distance away, the growth will sag down as
it develops, and heavy snows are likely
to pull the vine down from its support.
Finally, prepare for transplanting in

COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME

HEIGHT FT. TIME OF FLOWERING | COLOR OF FLOWERS | HABIT OF CLIMBING

Actinidia Actinidia arguta

Silver sweet Actinidia polygama

Akebia Akebia quinata

Golden bells Forsythia suspensa

Hardy jasmine Jasminum nudiflorum

25

30 June White Twining
20 July White Twining
May Purple and Twining

brown
15 April-May Yellow Needs help
20 March- Yellow | Twining
April | needs help

exactly the same way as you would trees
and shrubs. If the soil is poor, take it out
and replace with good garden soil, enriched.
Also select your vine for the purpose in
hand, a dwarf vine for a low building, and
a free-growing vine for a tall building.
Vines like Boston ivy will do better in
the shade; climbing roses must have
sunshine; English ivy will not grow in
dry, sunny places.

FOR THEIR FLOWERS

WHEN TO PRUNE ,;

REMARKS

Greenish-yellow edible fruit.
Has no insect pests

Yellow fruit. Attracts cats
and must be protected

Early spring

Early spring

After Light foliage effect. In Japan
flowering the fruit is eaten

After Excellent for mass effects in
flowering early spring. fF. Fortunez

is more vigorous
Strong growers. With pro-
tection, hardy in New York

Early spring

120

THE GARDEN .MAGAZINE

VINES THAT ARE GROWN FOR THEIR FLOWERS — Continued

OctTroBER, 1911

COMMON NAME

BOTANICAL NAME

HEIGHT FT.

TIME OF FLOWERING

COLOR OF FLOWERS | HABIT OF CLIMBING | WHEN TO PRUNE

REMARKS

Japanese honey- Lonicera Japonica 20 June-Aug. White and Twining Early spring Dozens of hybrid varieties
suckle yellow offered by nurseries
Woodbine Lonicera Pericly- 4 June-Sept. White and Twining Early spring Many hybrid varieties that
menum yellow flower all summer
Trumpet honey- Lonicera sem per- 25 May-Sept. Orange- Twining Early spring Evergreen southward but can-
suckle virens scarlet not be grown in the North
Crimson Rambler Rosa multiflora hybrid 20 June-July Red Needs help Early spring The type species, white, single,
is well worth growing. Cut
out old canes
Prairie rose Rosa setigera 6 June-July Rose Needs help Early spring The latest flowering, climbing
| rose. Perfectly hardy, fol-
lage light green
Memorial rose Rosa Wichuraiana 12 July-Sept. White Needs help Early spring Splendid for banks and rock-
eries. Numerous hybrids
Trumpet vine Tecoma radicans 30 July-Sept. Orange- Rootlets Early spring Must have sunshine. Var.
red atropurpurea has deeper
colored flowers
Chinese trumpet- Tecoma grandiflora 30 Aug-Sept. Orange- Rootlets Early spring Flowers larger and open better
creeper red than in 7. radicans
Chinese wistaria Wistaria Chinensis 100 May White and Twining After The wistarias are the most
violet flowering popular flowering vines. Use
eueeawe ere Hs ‘ ake only on strong supports. Th
Japanese wistaria Wistaria multijuga aiele) May-June Waite and Twining Bohai hs Chin aces ae A ese ae
ue ‘© juga has longest racemes of
American wistaria Wistaria speciosa 35 July White and Twining After pea-like flowers. Best to
blue flowering prune not at all
FRUIT EFFECTS AS WELL AS FOLIAGE

COMMON NAME

Matrimony vine

Common moon-
seed

Fox grape

BOTANICAL NAME

Lycium Chinense

Menispermum
Canadense

Vitis Labrusca

HEIGHT FT.

39

100

June

June-July

Spring

EVERGREEN KINDS FOR WINTER CHEER

TIME OF FLOWERING | COLOR OF FLOWERS

Purple

Greenish-
white
Colorless

HABIT OF CLIMBING

Twining,
needs help

Twining

Tendrils

WHEN TO PRUNE

Early
spring

Early
spring

Early
spring

REMARKS

Grown principally for its very
ornamental fruit. Makes a
good hedge in time

Hardy even in Ontario. Has
decorative blue-black fruit

Fruit very attractive in fall.
Ancestral species of many
native American grapes.
Hardy almost everywhere

FOLIAGE VINES THAT MAKE GOOD SCREENS

COMMON NAME

HEIGHT

BOTANICAL NAME

Spindle vine

English ivy

Partridge berry

Periwinkle

HABIT OF

ELS CLIMBING
Euonymus 20 | Rootlets
radicans
Hedera Helix | too | Rootlets
Mitchella repens} + Trailer
Vinca minor 5 Creeper

REMARKS

COMMON NAME

Numerous varieties but
the common green is
best. Will not endure
exposure to sun; grows
in rich deep soil. Best
to shear off old foliage
each spring

Grows well in smoky

atmosphere. A slow
low grower. Leaves
3 inch Jong. Excel-

lent as slight cover-
ing on masonry

Fine ground-cover in
shady places. Grows
very close to the
ground and has bright
red fruits all winter

Fine creeper for shady
spots. Blue flowers
in spring and summer
that contrast prettily
with foliage

Virginia creeper

Cissus

Boston ivy

Dutchman’s pipe

Hop vine

Kudzu vine

Silk vine

HEIGHT

HABIT OF

BOTANICAL NAME REMARKS
FT. CLIMBING
Ampelopsis 50 | Tendrils | Dozens of varieties; get
quinguefolia and discs| one _ self-supporting.
Brilliant red foliage
in fall. Thrives in
shade. The best all-
purpose native vine
Ampelopsis 20 | Tendrils | Many bright blue ber-
heterophylla and discs | ries in fall
Ampelopsis roo | Tendrils | Grows in very little
tricus pidata and discs| soil. Turns red in
fall. Rapid grower
Aristolochia 40 Twining | The largest leaved
macrophylla vine, coming out
rather late in the
season. Has small
flowers like a pipe
Humulus Ly Twining | Yellow hops are attrac-
Lupulus tive as well as foliage
and flowers. Foliage
dull green, somewhat
like grape
Pueraria 60 | Twining, | Woody vine in South.
Thunbergiana needs help} In North roots per-
’ ennial; extensive
herbaceous growth
each year
Periploca Greca| 40 Twining | North of New York

needs winter protec-
tion. Has purple fra-
grant flowers

Bulb Work for Schools

qust as soon as school opens it is
imperative to get to work potting
bulbs. If your bulb order is not filled
already, send it off at once. Previous
to this one must decide on the varieties.
Some bulbs respond to forcing, others do
better when held back. Chinese sacred
lilies, Roman hyacinths, Paper White
and Double Roman narcissus are of the
first class; while the crocus, tulip, Dutch
hyacinth and three of the narcissus —
namely, poeticus, Van Sion, and Em-
press —are of the second class, the slow
growers.

Notice in the catalogues the terms potting
and bedding varieties. The bedding bulbs
are those intended for outdoor planting,
while the others are for indoor or pot
culture. It is well to buy some hyacinths
of the more expensive named varieties
which are rather more beautiful than
the bedding ones sold by color. Ger-
trude is a lovely pink hyacinth, Ida
yellow, Czar Peter blue and Robert Stei-
ger red.

If you are to pot tulips buy an early
tulip. These are very successful for in-
door culture. They come on rapidly
when brought to the light and are less
prone to lice than the slower growing
varieties, which often develop lice and
are quite ruimed before they come to
blossoming.

Freesias, grape hyacinths, snowdrops and
the guinea hen flower, Fritillaria Meleagris,
are all worth trying. But the old stand-
bys are most satisfactory in the class-
room.

A good light potting soil is needed. Do
not have any fresh manure in this. A good
loam, with an addition of about one-third
its quantity of sand, is a good mixture fora
bulb growing soil. Have the pots, pans
and boxes, which are to be used, per-
fectly clean. If it is difficult to accomplish
this rub them with clean white sand,
the sort used on the kindergarten sand
table.

In potting place several pieces of drainage
material in the bottom of the receptacle.
Put in some pieces of charcoal for sweet-
ness sake. Over this place from one to two
inches of soil. Then comesa bed of sand

BULB CULTURE FOR THE SCHOOL-
ROOM—HOW TO POT A BULB—THE
OUTDOOR BULB BED—METHODS OF
CARING FOR BULBS DURING THEIR
RESTING PERIOD— SUGGESTIONS FOR
THE CHILDREN ON PICTURE TAKING

Conducted by

ELLEN EDDY SHAW
New York

one-eighth inch thick. Upon this sand
bed the bulb or bulbs are placed. The
sand acts as a drainage layer conducting
the water away from the bulb. Otherwise
the water might gather about the base of

the bulb and decay would result. Next
place the bulbs. Do not allow one bulb
to touch another but leave only space
enough to avoid this. Over the bulbs

place the soil up to one-half inch distance
Hyacinths and

from the top of the pot.

When taking a picture of a plant, be sure to have
it the principal thing in the photograph

narcissus may have their noses out of the
soil; other bulbs should be covered.

Roman hyacinths, Chinese lilies and
other narcissus may be planted in sand.
Pour in water to saturate the sand com-
pletely. Keep sand always wet. The
noses of these bulbs should be out of
the sand.

121

Care of Bulbs
\ " 7 HEN bulbs are planted in stones and

water, in sand or in water, leave in
the dark until well started. Put charcoal in
the vessel to keep the water sweet.

On the other hand earth-potted bulbs
need different treatment. These must be
put away in the dark and cold for six
to twelve weeks. Roots form slowly
and satisfactorily during this period of
resting. The place is the problem here.
Perhaps there is no nice cool, dark cellar
in your house. Perhaps it is impossible
to dig a trench of eighteen inches to two
feet in depth in your yard. You may
have no yard. Even in the face of these
misfortunes one may have bulbs. The
following method, used by the children of
The Ethical Culture School, in New York
City, may solve your problem.

Some packing boxes were taken and
fixed up in this way: On the bottom
of each box was put a layer of sand four
inches in depth. If one has no sand, earth
may be used. Upon the sand foundation
the pots, pans and boxes of bulbs were
placed. Even a window box full of daf-
fodil bulbs was in one of the largest of
the packing boxes. Next six inches of
sand was filled in between and on top of
the pots of bulbs. Over this was a covering
of heavy wrapping paper to separate the
sand from the ashes, so the sand could
be saved and used again. Above this
ashes were filled in up to the top of the
boxes. This layer of ashes must be at
least one foot in depth: these children had
it two feet deep. Finally when the snow
came sacking was thrown over the boxes
which were kept upon the roof. They were
never touched until February when the
bulbs were brought into the schoolrooms.
And such bulbs as they were! Nota single
one was lost!

If the boxes are to be kept in the school
yard place them close to the building, some
protection against wind and storm. This
means no watering, no muss in the cellar,
no worry over Sundays. When the bulbs
are first brought to the light do not bring
them immmediately from nearly freezing
temperature into that of the average
living rooms. Keep them cool at first.
Gradually bring them to higher tempera_

22 THEE Ge ACh DSB:

Note plain background with nothing to distract
attention — all the lines are clear cut

ture. Place in the north window before
exposing them to the heat of the sunny
south windows. Avoid draughts. Give
bulbs plenty of water at blossom time.

The Outdoor Bulb Bed

IRST when preparing the outdoor bed

remember to dig deeply, at least eigh-

teen inches and work the soil over thor-

oughly and carefully. Use any good garden

soil, and no fertilizer need be added. If

the soil is a bit sandy, it will help
drainage.

Bulbs planted outdoors must be placed
belowthetopsurface 3 as
of the ground. No
noses should be left
sticking up and out.
Hyacinths, and the
narcissus family
may be planted six
inches deep. Tulips
and bulbs of about
that size four inches
deep, and snow-
drops, crocus and
the like from two
to one and one-half
inches below the
ground. Buy bed-
ding bulbs for out-
door planting. Put
a 2-inch layer of
manure over the
bed just before frost
time. This layer
may be two inches
in depth.

MAGAZINE

Pictures

woe boys and girls do not always get
very good results with pictures.
One reason is because you use little snap
shot cameras. It is not possible to focus
satisfactorily with these. One gets no
detail either, nor sharpness of lines in
pictures thus taken. Right now put a
focusing camera on your Christmas list.

Another point to keep in mind in your
picture taking is the background. A
plain background, darker in color than the
object you are photographing is the proper
one to select. If you are taking a picture
outdoors you can arrange such a back-
ground by the use of a blanket, a portiere
or a shawl of one solid color. Contrast
these two bulb pictures one of a narcissus
plant, the other of Helen and her daffodil.
The first picture has a solid background
of a plain color which is a contrast to the
color of the blossoms. Just see how clearly
each detail of this plant stands out. The
camera must have been very carefully
focused, must it not?

Let us look a moment at the other
picture. It’s a pretty good picture of
Helen. But it’s not as good of the plant.
The camera was not focused sharply at
the potted plant. Just see how poor a
background her dress is. The resulting
color of dress and plant after photograph-
ing is practically the same. Then the
lines in the fabric of the dress seem to run
down into the stems and leaves of the
plant. This condition is distracting. Try
to have no disturbing lines in a picture.
Such lines draw attention away from the
main thing.

Of course this matter of taking good
pictures is one of study and _ practice.
Perhaps it will help some, even in snap
shot work, to remember about the color
of background and disturbing lines.

For a photographic paper buy what is
called a smooth matte gas light paper.
There are many makes on the market.
Pictures taken on a “ printing out” paper

” - Ee & - Per ds, up j =

2 J Sena

The careful arrangement of this exhibit from Worcester Massachusetts School won our first prize last season

OctrosBerR, 1911

The Roman hyacinth is excellent for schoolrooms
—it will bloom in ten weeks after planting

are splendid for magazine reproduction.
But you boys and girls will find the “gas
light ” easier to handle.

Suggestions for the Month

Res up leaves and other vegetable
matter for the compost pile. Oak
and chestnut leaves are full of plant food.
Be sure to add them to the mass.

(2) Pick the green tomatoes before frost
and put them in a sunny place to ripen.
Or take up the entire plant and hang
it up by the roots in the cellar.

(3) Plant bulbs in window boxes for
thekindergartenand
primary grades.
Three dozen daffodil
bulbs can be planted
in the ordinary win-
‘dow box.

(4) If you wish
to have single bulbs
in small pots raise a
dozen or more to-
gether in flats. Then
later pot them into
little individual jars.

(G) DL rinn ‘hte
school shrubs.

(6) Get your writ-
ten contest matter
ready. All papers,
diagrams, pictures
and plans should be
marked with the
class and number
under which you
entered the contest.

OcroBpEeR, 1911

(Eprtor’s Notr.—We want to know how suc-
cessful workers do things in order to put actual
experiences before our thousands of readers im all

parts of the country. Every reader is invited to con-
tribute a short note on some interesting experience.
Just state the facts about some ingenious idea that you
have actually worked out yourself or have seen.)

Slipping roses

In the July number of THE GARDEN
Macazine there is a short note by “C.”
on propagating roses. When I slip my
roses in October by the same method —
that is, inverting a glass jar over them — I
can generally depend upon eight out of ten
of the slips taking root and growing well.
When I have attempted the same course
of treatment in summer, I have hoped
that.one out of ten might live and so came
to the conclusion that there was some
chemical difference in the soil, and some
change in the atmosphere in summer which
caused a failure that season with the arti-
ficial heat. With me the rose slips root
more successfully in moist sand, without
glassin the summer. I would like to know
whether “‘C” gives her slips any special
treatment in the way of watering or soil.
—H. S., New York.

Canterbury bells from seed

Last fall I had a dozen small seedlings
of Canterbury bells given to me. Two
of them I planted in the border behind
the row of crocuses, but then remem-
bered an article I had read on the par-
ticular care of Canterbury bells during
the winter, realized that, if planted in
the border, it would not be so easy to give
them a special protection; so the other
ten were planted most carefully in a corner
of the seed-bed, and after the first hard
frost, according to instructions, I covered
them well with leaves, and inverted an
empty box over the leaves, endeavoring
to make it water-tight. The two lone
plants in the border were covered lightly
with leaves, with no special care, for
everything else was perfectly hardy, and
they were forgotten, the other ten being
so well cared for. In the spring the leaves
covering the border were taken off before
the first of March, and again the Canter-
bury bells were forgotten. About the
first of April the box was carefully lifted
off the ten treasures, and they were found
to have wintered beautifully. They were
duly transplanted into permanent quarters,
where, with an occasional stirring in of
bone-meal, they continued to thrive. By

De GSD EN MAGAZINE

the first of May, the largest was, perhaps,
two inches high, a nice little stocky tuft of
leaves. And then I came across their
neglected brothers; they — uncared for,
unfed, completely overlooked — were fully
five inches high and had the flower stalks
well-developed! It would seem that, after
all, with ordinary care, the Canterbury
bell seedlings might be quite as hardy in
the border as foxglove or delphinium
seedlings. —S. T. H., Long Island.

Deep planting for late tulips

Darwin and May-flowering tulips will
deteriorate unless planted deep — nearly
twice as deep as the early tulips. It took
me some time to discover this fact and
before it was discovered I had many dis-
appointments in late tulips “fizzling out”
the second year after they were planted.
A portion of a Darwin tulip bed accident-
ally had nearly six inches of earth thrown
ever it and it was allowed to remain
there. This occurred two years ago. A
year ago last spring the Darwins came up
through the extra cover and gave a few
small blossoms, as did the rest of the bed
to my intense: disgust.
Darwins with the extra cover came up
vigorously and gave blossoms almost as
fine as their first season’s output. Just
after arriving at the conclusion that they
flourished with deeper cover I found a
confirmation of it in a foreign magazine
which said that the late tulips should be
planted nearly twice as deep as the earlies.
In course of time the bulbs will bury them-
selves deep enough to regain strength,
as a bed of 7. Gesneriana, var. spathulata
major is gradually righting itself after several
seasons of precarious existence. However,
a large percentage of the bulbs has dis-
appeared during the struggle to burrow
out of the way of the hot spells of May
which evidently ripen the bulbs prema-
turely.—S. R. D., Illinois

Tobacco plant indoors

Last October I picked a spray of nicotiana
and placed it in a vase in the house, that
I might enjoy its beauty and fragrance.
The flower closes in the daylight, opening
late in the afternoon. Much to my sur-
prise, the flowers stayed open all the follow-
ing day. After that I picked every avail-
able spray, giving them to friends after
nearly all the garden flowers were gone.
I found that small buds grew and opened
in water, and lasted in bloom for over a
week.— A. B.S., Massachusetts

Orange seedlings

A neighbor who planted a lot of orange
seeds for stock to bud on, has among the
thousands of young seedlings, now about
an inch high and with only their first two
leaves, a quantity with buds and blossoms.
They resemble nothing so much as a large

patch of wintergreen, except for the larger

size of the flowers. Is this premature
blossoming unusual? A budded orange
tree usually does not blossom until it is
two or three years old and several feet
high.— J. F., Calif.

Last spring the.

123

Sun for spring bulbs

Last fall I planted some bulbs of daffo-
dils in the shade of a building where the
sun was not entirely excluded, but shone
on them only in the middle of the day.
The other bulbs were planted where they
would have full sunshine all day. The
middle of April, the “sunshiny”’ bulbs
gave a blaze of golden yellow; large, full
flowers entirely lacking any trace of green.
Their brothers in the shade came into
bloom some weeks later, showing green
in every petal— T. H., New York.

Run=wild poppies

A white California poppy has been a
striking feature of my wild garden for
several seasons. It springs from seed
each year. It is not a mere paling shade
of lemon or cream, but a pure, white satin.
The contrast is sharp of this white cluster
of flowers in a dense bed of the golden
ones. It should be remembered that the
Eschscholzia is a much deeper orange
color in the intense sunlight of its native
state than it ever attains in the Eastern
gardens, where it usually shades off into
yellow. I allow my poppies to run wild
and they supply riotous masses of color,
blooming continuously from early in Jan-
uary till July. This permitting the plants
to have a little of their own way soon
teaches us which ones are most suited to
our soil and conditions.— H. B., Calif.

Dahlias by mail

For mailing single dahlia tubers in moss,
or for packing small plants for 2-day jour-
neys in the mail, the cast-off chrysalis of
a gas mantle makes an ideal box. It is a
small, stiff cylinder of pasteboard two
inches in diameter capped at both ends.
These boxes are commonly thrown away
by the gasfitters, and can be had for the
asking.—E. S. J.

A showy tall perennial

For a high effect in the borders late
in the season, Siebold’s desmodium,
or bush clover, is an excellent perennial
that is all too little known. I have seen
it fully five feet in height and, at the end
of September, fairly rosy with its hundreds
of racemes of light solferino blossoms. One
of the best places for it is between the
border and shrubbery, where the two
happen to come together. This herbaceous
perennial is known as Lespedeza Sieboldi
and also as Desmodium penduliflorum.
The white-flowered lespedeza (L. Japonica)
is equally desirable. Both are natives of
Japan. They are perfectly hardy as far
north as Hartford.— B. G., Connecticut.

Privet from cuttings

Last year I planted the cuttings from
an Amoor privet hedge, pruned in the
spring while the wood was dormant,
and grew too plants from about 300
cuttings, planted six inches apart. The
nursery rule is to make cuttings in the fall
and allow them to form callouses in sand.—
Re P., Ohio:

in Winter
By M. Rogerts Conover, New Jersey

[* WE were provident during the summer

a shelf in the fruit closet holds glass
jars of peas, beans, corn, asparagus and
tomatoes. There is also a supply of raw
vegetables stored according to approved
methods — cabbage beneath a covering
of earth in the garden, celery in trenches,
beets and carrots in dry sand on the
cellar floor, white potatoes in bins or
barrels and sweet potatoes, squash, pump-
kins, dried lima beans and onions in a dry
warm room. Also there are peppers and
dried herbs.

Where a greenhouse does not form part
of the home’s equipment, grow such vege-
tables as radishes, parsley and lettuce in
window boxes in the winter.

The fresh taste of canned vegetables
is preserved if they are barely heated
before serving; they were thoroughly
cooked when canned. The home product
in glass jars has this advantage over the
tinned product of commerce—the liquor
can be retained.

Winter vegetables should be cooked
as quickly as their consistency will permit,
in tightly covered vessels so that their
color and flavor may be at their best. The
process is longer than with fresh-grown
ones, however.

The removal of the thick skin or rind
from vegetables must be accomplished
with little waste. In most cases, the
richest, most nutritious part lies directly
beneath the skin.

Have an abundance of pure water,
clean utensils unaffected by acids, sharp

Garden Luxuries

To facilitate the removal of squash rind, cut the
vegetable into narrow strips before peeling

steel paring knives, a broad strong knife
or cleaver for the unwieldy squashes and
pumpkins, and a small brush for scrubbing
carrots, potatoes and similar tubers. Pro-
tect the thumb and first finger of the
active hand by a portion of a glove.

Both sweet and round potatoes are more
valuable as foods if cooked before paring.
Baking is preferable to boiling. When
necessary, the skin of round potatoes
should be removed in thin strips, using a
sharp knife.

In the case of vegetables that lack the
delicacy of the summer varieties, the
water in which they are cooked should
be changed two or three times during the
process. Turnips are more palatable if
pared and sliced previous to cooking.

Probably no other vegetable is so al-
tered by various methods of boiling as
cabbage. When cut into large chunks and
boiled in salt water with fat pork for
several hours, it forms a dish highly prized
by the field-laborer but difficult for the
average person to digest. On the contrary
the flat Dutch winter cabbage sliced fine
and boiled for twenty minutes in a tightly
covered vessel — changing the water once
—s as delicious and tender as a Jersey
Wakefield gathered under summer skies.

The full fine flavor of celery is lost unless
cooked quickly. When used to flavor
soup it should be added about twenty
minutes before the soup is removed from the
fire. Its crisp tender quality so desirable
when served raw depends upon its proper
blanching. Do not despair at wilted stalks.
They will regain their crispness if sprinkled
with cold water and set in a cool place
for several hours.

If you have never tried baking squash

you do not know its capabilities. Halve
it; remove the seeds and core. Pour one
pint of cream or milk into one half. Season

with pepper and salt and turn the other
half over it as a cover. Setit into a baking
pan containing about an inch and a half
of water and bake until tender.

Where it is more convenient to remove the
rind of squash or pumpkins before cooking,
the halves are split into narrow strips,
pared and cut into inch pieces. Cross-
cuts in the rind at intervals along each
strip makes its removal less difficult.
After boiling it tender, set the vegetable
on the back of the range or in the oven
and allow it to absorb its own liquor.

124

Dried beans or peas require a soaking
in water for twelve hours before cooking.
The broth which results in cooking is
indispensable to the flavor of the vegetable.

The flavor and appearance of onions
is injured if they are cooked in iron or tin
vessels. They should cook rapidly in a
white-lined vessel tightly covered. Tears
need not accompany the paring process
if it is done under water.

GROWING VEGETABLES INDOORS

The average kitchen is very favorable
to the growth of parsley and radishes.
A five-cent package of each kind of seed
is enough for a start.

Choose a window remote from the
range, where the sun shines part of the
day. The window box should be of wood,
its bottom and sides joined by nails — not
by glue or dovetailing. Make it as long
as the window’s width, seven or eight
inches deep and as broad as space will
allow. A box thirty inches long and twelve
inches wide is capable of producing a
nice quantity of radishes and allow room
for a few parsley plants.

Provide drainage by placing bits of
broken crockery or gravel an inch deep
in the bottom of the box. Several holes
in the bottom permit the passage of sur-
plus water to a pan beneath and prevent
the wood from warping.

Radishes and lettuce require soil that
is light, mellow and very rich. Parsley is
not so exacting as to fertility.

It is safe to take soil from the most
fertile part of the garden. If too stiff,
add a little sand to make it friable. Pile
the soil high in the box as it will settle
While out of doors, subject it to two or
three drenchings with liquid manure. This
solution is derived from one part of old,
black stable manure and eight parts of
water allowed to stand twenty-four hours.

After two days, the box may be placed
in its position in the house. Or, instead
of the liquid manure, the soil may be
enriched by adding one part of cleanings
from the hennery to four parts of soil.
I grew fine, crisp, French breakfast radishes
on such a soil composition in three weeks.

I do not plant my seeds in the window
garden until the soil has warmed to the
temperature of the room. It should be
moist and crumbly, but not sticky. Since
radish seeds are generally fertile, careful

OctroBER. 1911

planting methods too minute for out-of-
door work may be employed here to econo-
mize space. For instance: in the garden,
I broadcast my radish seed thinly over the
bed; but indoors, they may be pressed
gently into the soil one inch and a half
apart and give a satisfactory stand.

The French Breakfast Forcing radish
and the Early Scarlet Turnip radish are
the best for window gardening.

Frequently the kitchen temperature runs
high. The young plants may be protected
from the heat by lowering the upper sash
of the window and looping a curtain about
them to the height of the lower sash.

Before planting the parsley (the moss or
double-curled parsley is best for this pur-
pose), soak the seeds in luke-warm water
for four or five hours. Sow rather thickly
as the seed does not always germinate
well. They can be thinned out later.

Lettuce is more difficult to grow in the
window garden than the other two vege-
tables. It thrives in a temperature rang-
ing from forty to sixty degrees and if over-
heated will dry off. Recourse should
be had to the curtain and ventilation pre-
viously mentioned. Do not use any of
the head lettuce or the cos varieties if
you are a novice. The Simpson Early
Curled is best. The leaves may be cut
when quite small. Where there are a
few plants, I carefully break four or five
leaves from each, leaving the remainder
to grow unchecked.

When the plants in the window garden
are established, it is necessary to culti-
vate once a week. An old three-tined
steel fork is excellent for this. Water
thoroughly once a week and give a light
sprinkle every other day.

On cold nights, hang the heat curtain
close to the window to keep out frost.

Whole Tomatoes for Winter
Salads

Lag winter my whole tomatoes which

I canned for winter salads were
much admired, as well as much appreciated.
And they were so easily canned. Each
day as the tomatoes were picked, I sorted

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

out those which were smallest, reddest,
ripest and most perfect. I used two quart
jars — the wide-mouthed jars are perhaps
the best for the purpose — and whenever
I had enough to fill the jar I scalded and
peeled them while I was getting dinner,
packed them whole into the scalded jar
pressing and squeezing them in.

Over these I poured boiling water until
the jar was filled, added one teaspoonful
of salt, adjusted the top without the rubber,
and placed the jar in a pan of boiling water
in the oven. I used a cloth in the bottom
of the pan to prevent the jar from cracking.
The tomatoes are to stay in the oven
only until they seem to be boiling in the
jar — perhaps twenty minutes. The
scalded rubber is then placed on while the
tomatoes are still boiling, the lid screwed
tight, and your tomatoes are now ready
to be transferred to the cellar.

By cooking a can or two in the oven
while preparing a meal one soon has a
large number of jars for winter use. We
use the liquid from the tomatoes in soup,
macaroni, etc.

Idaho. RIG:

Trailing Arbutus as a House
Plant

WONDER how many people know

that the trailing arbutus can be had
in bloom in December and January with
absolute certainty and with far less trouble
than the hyacinth or narcissus? For
several winters it has been my rare pleasure
to watch in my own home the unfolding
flower buds, and to inhale the subtle fra-
grance.

A few years ago one of our department
stores brought to our city a large number
of gold fish which were displayed in the
windows in glass globes of various sizes.
Nearly every family procured at least one
globe, but the fish lived but a short time
and the empty globes were stored away.

It was my nature-loving friend who
first converted these globes into herbar-
iums, and succeeded in flowering the ar-
butus in winter.

In the late fall we go to the woods

Arputus, forced into flower in a glass bowl, makes
a pretty Christmas gift

bringing home a large basket of moss,
partridge berry vine, lichens and sprays
of trailing arbutus. These are arranged
in a natural manner in the globe, are
dampened slightly, and a glass saucer is
placed over the top to retain the moisture.
The globe is then placed on a stand in
front of a south window where it gets the
full sunshine. Toward spring the vine
displays its waxy white blossoms arranged
in pairs. Fungi and various strange
growths spring from the moss. If started
early enough the flowers will be open at
Christmas time.

Efforts to transplant arbutus have al-
ways been made in the spring when it re-
sents any interference with its natural
growth. After its season of bloom, the
leaves which have kept green through the
winter, turn brown, the seeds ripen and
are scattered by the winds, while the old
plant has a short season of rest. In
summer new sprouts spring from stem and
root. After the leaves are grown the
flower buds appear, growing slowly during
the late fall, and are all ready to open
when conditions are right in early spring.

The “nature lover” prepared twenty-five
of these globes last fall which sold readily
at one dollar each.

New York. E. E. TRUMBULL.

For an oval taple, a bed oi parsley dotted with to-

matoes,
lettuce, slightly raised, giving the needed height

parsnips, potatoes and radishes, a head of

A basket filled with celery, tomatoes, beets
and white onions. The basket is partially
hidden by asparagus fern.

A star centre-piece of cranberries.
rises a mound of green, outlined with white turnips
and surmounted by a cabbage decorated with radishes

In the centre

HAVE YOU EVER DECORATED YOUR TABLE WITH VEGETABLES ?

Sowing Seed in Autumn

N NORTHERN regions, where the summer is
brief enough at best, much may be gained by
sowing the seed of both hardy annuals and peren-
nials in the late autumn. My Shirley poppies,
cornflowers, eschscholzia, and candytuft, sown just
before the ground freezes, are in blossom much
earlier than the same annuals sown in the spring.
Autumn sown ‘perennials and biennials are ready
for transplanting in early June and delphiniums and
hollyhocks, sweet rocket and dianthus, bloom the
first season.

My plan is this: A plot of ground at one side
of the sunny kitchen garden, where it need not be
disturbed in the spring, is prepared in October.
After being liberally manured and sprinkled with
wood ashes it is thoroughly spaded and raked to
a fine surface. One long strip, about three feet in
width, is marked off for Shirley poppies, the seed
of which, mixed with sand, is sown broadcast and
lightly raked in. The other seeds are sown in
drills, just as in the spring, the rows being marked
off, spaced and firmed by means of a smooth board
to the upper side of which a convenient handle is
attached. The seeds are sown as late as possible
so that they will remain dormant until spring.

After all annuals and perennials are planted
in their respective nurseries, each variety with
its name written with an indelible pencil on a
wooden label, a light covering of clean oat or rye
straw is laid over the beds and held in place by
a few boards or pine boughs. This late sowing
is usually the last piece of work before I leave my
garden for the winter.

My list of autumn-sown seeds lengthens year by
year, though I began somewhat skeptically one
year when I was going to Europe for the winter.
Often among the white narcissus and almond
blossoms of Italy I thought of my mountain garden
under its snow blanket on the other side of the
Atlantic and when I next saw it my eyes were
gladdened by the well defined green rows of tiny
plants, stretching across my autumn sown beds.
The poppies were springing thickly, ready for thin-
ning and delphiniums and acuilegias already
declared their individuality by their second leaves.

The beds had been uncovered as soon as the
frost was out of the ground and the sturdy little
seedlings had grown rapidly. I give below a list
of annuals and another of perennials and biennials
which may be safely sown in the autumn. Sweet
peas I find only moderately successful.

ANNUALS — Sunflowers; eschscholzias; poppies
(all annual varieties); mignonette; candytuft; sweet
alyssum; cornflower; Coreopsis; Calendula; annual
larkspur; aster; annual pinks; Cnothera; pansy.

BIENNIALS AND PERENNIALS — Foxglove; Can-
terbury bell; hollyhock; Aquilegia; Delphinium;
sweet rocket; sweet william; Oriental poppy;
Iceland poppy; honesty; Avabis albida; Iberis
sempervirens; Alyssum saxatile; forget-me-not.

New York. Marcia E. Hate,

An Unusual Wall Garden

OM of the most unusual bits of wall gardening
that I have ever seen is to be found at
Steelton, Pa. Steelton is a dirty and smoky
borough, made so by the rolling mills which are
belching forth smoke from one year’s end to
another. On one of the streets leading up the
hill away from the mills is a dry wall made of
limestone, and in the crevices of this wall is an

THE GARDEN

abundant crop of the purple cliff brake (Pellaea
atropurpurea). How it ever got there no one seems
to know. I questioned people who have lived for
years in the immediate vicinity, but they were
unable to give me any information.

The purple cliff brake is one of our native ferns.
It can be found growing all the way from Arizona,
New Mexico and Texas to Vermont. But al-
though its range is so wide, it is not a common fern.

About the only place where this delicate looking
little fern can be found growing is on limestone
rocks. As soon as one sees it growing in its native
surroundings all thought of its being a delicate
plant at once vanishes. I first made its acquain-
tance on the limestone cliffs which rise a hundred
feet or more above the Meramec River near St.
Louis, Missouri. There was a thriving colony on
a southern exposure, where the hot sun seemed to
be doing its best to dry them up.

The little plants send their fine roots deep into
the crevices of the limestone rocks, so that it is
neatly impossible to secure specimens with suff-
cient roots to grow.

The fronds of the purple cliff brake are not
large. They are four to twelve inches long and
two to six inches broad according to the botany
books, but my own observation has been that
as a rule they will usually be found to correspond
with the smaller measurements. The fronds
are pinnate, once divided, except that sometimes
the lower fronds are twice divided. The leaflets
(pinne) are from one to two inches long and seldom
over a quarter of an inch across, pale green in color
and very leathery in texture. The stem or midrib
of the frond (rhachis) is dark purple and shiny.

If you can succeed in getting any of these plants
with sufficient roots to grow, you will find that it
is an admirable fern for cultivation. It will suc-
ceed in rockeries or on walls, as the illustration
shows, and it is also an admirable fern for indoor
culture, for it will forgive neglect as almost no
other plant will. Jf it becomes dried up a few
days in a humid atmosphere will start it into
growth once more.

If you cannot get plants of it, secure some of
the spores. These are borne on the under side of
the leaf on the very edge, making the dark streak.
You can sow these in pans or flats in soil in which
some old lime rubbish has been mixed, and trans-
plant them to any place you wish. One of the essen-
tials to success is to leave the plant alone having
once planted it. It resents being moved.

Pennsylvania. P. T. BARNES.

ee ee ——

The purple cliff brake, a native fern, thrives in a
lime soil and resents transplanting

MAGAZINE

OctTrosBeER, 1911

Red Roses in Oregon

DJOINING the lawn of our house was an
irregularly shaped spot of very heavy clay
soil in which neither white clover nor trees would

grow without irrigation. Neither of these things,
which otherwise do well on the place, were an in-
centive to the expense and labor required to master
this very refractory spot and the result was an
eyesore, a muddy puddle in the wet season and a
dry bricked desolation in summer.

In October, 1909, we bored holes about eighteen
inches deep with a carpenters’ one-inch auger,
about every four feet over the entire spot of heavy
clay soil, and in each hole fired a half stick of
dynamite. All sandy and gravely stuff from the
subsoil blown out, as well as the large lumps of clay,
were taken away in a wheelbarrow and the top
three inches scraped into holes.

A trench was dug all around, leaving an irregular,
oval-shaped bed. On the lowest side a 3-inch
drain tile was sunk in the bottom of the ditch, and
provided with an outlet. The remainder of the
ditch was filled in with small stones from the orchard
and afterward small boulders were used as a curb-
ing around the entire bed.

The ground was well limed, spaded, and allowed
to weather in the rain for two weeks. Two inches
of hardwood ashes were spread over the surface
of the bed and spaded in shallowly. About a
month afterward we covered this entire bed with
well rotted, black barn manure and turned it under
also.

In the latter part of February I set out a hundred
strong, thrifty, two-year old, budded, field-grown
rose bushes from California that cost me just fifteen
dollars. The roots were pruned back and trampled
well into the holes, so that the juncture of bud and
stock were two or three inches under the ground.
Out of the hundred bushes there was only one
sucker to cut off during the entire season. .

The tops were ruthlessly cut back to three stubs
about four inches long. They were all of rose red
colors, no varieties with vermilion shades being
used. Sixty Gruss an Teplitz and Queen’s Scarlet
bordered the entire bed. The remainder of the
bed was filled with groups of five of a kind. The
edging roses bloomed perpetually from May to
November, making fully six months of bloom. The
Jubilee, Emperor du Maroc and American Beauty
have bloomed the most frequently and borne
the heaviest crop of blooms for me of all the
hybrids, excepting the Bengal and Bourbon border
hedge.

In April, 1910, I sowed this bed rather thickly
to red clover and the ground was turned in, for a
mulch, in a circle around each bush about once a
month, leaving enough crowns to grow more shade
for the ground.

Once a week the bed was irrigated with hose and
thoroughly wet down, for we had a dry season of
seven months with very few showers, and there
was danger of the soil hecoming caked.

On the r5th of last October, I cut a great sheaf of
American Beauty roses from this piece of ground
with blooms five to seven inches across, and stems
up to two feet in length. They were the very
perfection of texture, color and fragrance. There
has not been a week since the middle of May that
this garden has not borne a large basketful of
gorgeous red roses, and sometimes the basket has
held a bushel! There has been no months of waiting
to get a few scanty blooms.

Oregon. EstELLE M. RAWLEY.

OctroBeER, 1911

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service will give injormation
about the latest automobile

rd

accessories 127

re Sash make winter gardening a pleasure

for Hot-beds
_, and Cold-frames

raat ah ae Oe is ep,
Double Glass Sash
SuNLIGHT DouBLE GLAss SASH NEED NO COVERING
EVEN IN ZERO WEATHER

This season do your gardening under Sun-
light Double Glass Sash. You will be sur-
prised at the fine plants you can grow—at the
small amount of time and labor it takes.

For instance, you
can have lettuce this
fall in cold frames
and this winter in
hotbeds. Make your
preparations now to get the full benefit of the
sash.

Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co.,

There is none of the back-
breaking, patience-tr ying
drudgery of covering and
uncovering the sash. No
mats or boards or cover-
ings of any kind are used.

The double layer of glass takes the place
of mats or boards

Between the two layers is a 36 inch transparent
blanket of dry still air—keeping in the heat—keeping
out the cold. Better than heavy, expensive mats or
boards because it saves labor and permits the plants to
get all the light all the time which means that they
will grow faster and become hardier.

Glass slips in and is held in place without putty.
Can’t work loose. Easily replaced.

Read what amateurs grew last season

Fresh lettuce and radishes all winter. Cabbage,
cauliflower, beets, tomatoes, peppers and sweet pota-
toes to set out early in the Spring. Violets all winter,
pansies in bloom in February or March. We have

year

sod lawn.

descriptive matter.

Lt Suterly do mmake/

August, September
_and October

are three of the
best months in the

VY velvety lawn.

If you want to
know how to do this work
to get results, write us now.

In writing be sure to state whether you want
to make a new lawn or rejuvenate an old

“Velvetlawn” Water-Weight lawn rollers
have been used for years.

"VELVETLAWN SEEDER CO. SPRINGFIELD, O. U.S.A.

eIie Laws.”

to make a

planted plants.

Write for

AN ATTRACTIVE HARDY BURDER

Herbaceous Perennials for the
Hardy Garden or Border

Evergreens in great variety; many rare sorts;

Rhododendrons, Hardy Natives and the best Hybrids

in colors; budded plants; also

Trees, Shrubs, Roses and Vines for planting the
Home Grounds.

Our new Illustrated Catalog mailed free

The Bay State Nurseries

NORTH ABINGTON,

144 SUNLIGHT SASH ALL USED FOR VIOLETS
AND LETTUCE

sold sash to hundreds of amateurs, many of whom
have sent in their second and third orders.

Send for these two books

1.—Our FREE catalog with net

prices, prepaid freight and guaranteed

delivery proposition. It gives details,

testimonials and full information of
this wonderful invention.

2.—A most interesting and instruc-
tive booklet by Prof. We ig Massey,
the well-known authority on Market
Gardening, in which he tells how to
make and care for hot beds and cold
frames, and when and what to grow
in them.

Price of Prof. Massey’s booklet, 4
cents in postage stamps. Catalog free.

927 E. Broadway, Louisville, Ky.

trans-

MASS.

128

What is a fair rental for a given
property?

Ask the Readers’ Service

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

OcTroBER, 1911

Comparison of the Distance Traveled by Earth and Bell Telephone Messages

The Orbit of

Universal Service

In one year the earth on its orbit
around the sun travels 584,000,000 miles;
in the same time telephone messages
travel 23,600,000,000 miles over the path-
ways provided by the Bell system. That
means that the 7,175,000,000 Bell con-
versations cover a distance forty times
that traveled by the earth.

When it is considered that each tele-
phone connection includes replies as well
as messages, the mileage of talk becomes
even greater.

These aggregate distances, which ex-
ceed in their total the limits of the Solar
system, are actually confined within the
boundaries of the United States. They
show the progress that has been made to-
wards universal service and the in-
tensive intercommunication between
90,000,000 people.

No such mileage of talk could be pos-
sible in such alimited area were it not
that each telephone is the center of one
universal system.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

One Policy

One System

Universal Service

Start a Fernery

Brighten up the deep, shady nooks on your lawn, or that dark
porch corner—just the places for our hardy wild ferns and wild flower
collections. e have been growing them for 25 years and know
,, What varieties are suited to your conditions. Tell us the kind
4 of soil you have—light, sandy, clay—and we will advise you.

Gillett’s Ferns and Flowers

will give the charm of nature to your yard. These include not only hardy wild
ferns, but native orchids, and flowers for wet and swampy spots, rocky hillsides
and dry woods. We also grow such hardy flowers as primroses, campanulas.
digitalis, violets, hepaticas, trilliums, and wild flowers which require open sunlight
~ as wellas shade. If you wanta bit of an old-time wildwood garden, with flowers
just as Nature grows them—send for our new catalogue and let us advise you
what to select and how to succeed with them.

EDWARD GILLETT, Box C, Southwick, Mass.

| digging;

October in the South

@PEE fruit trees (especially peaches) from

a reliable nurseryman. Don’t buy from
an agent unless you know him or the nursery he
represents. Have an assortment of varieties to
furnish fruit from May to October. Any nursery
catalogue will give the date of fruiting for each
variety. A similar assortment of apples, pears,
plums, cherries and figs should be selected.

Harvest rutabagas and white and sweet potatoes
during the month.

Dig late Jumbo Virginia running peanuts the
last of the month.

Plant out narcissus, hyacinth, tulip, and iris
now. The earlier they are planted the earlier in
the season they will flower. It is a good plan to
plant some every month from the middle of Sept-
ember to the middle of December and thus have a
succession of flowers.

Plant peonies now if they were not planted
last month.

Also remember to select seed sweet potatoes when
handle them as carefully as you would

In the South plant peaches now, but Northerners
must wait until spring

eggs in order to prevent bruises, for when they
are injured in any way they will not keep.

Prepare the soil for sowing small grain next
month. Break the soil very deep so that it will
hold moisture and be prevented from washing.

House plants should be taken up the last of
the month. Pot callas now and place in a warm
sunny window or greenhouse for winter flowers.

Begin planting sweet peas, spading the soil
very deeply for best results.

Hardy violets are usually planted in the spring
in the South but in my experience I find the best
time is during the fall for three reasons: First,
because large strong plants set out early in October
will produce flowers in the early spring, while
spring-set plants seldom produce any flowers
until the following year; second, plants set out in
the fall have the fall and winter to develop the
strong root system which enables them to better

OctoBER, 1911

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish i
information about foreign travel 129

Big Crops from Little Trees

Dwarf Fruit Trees Solve the Problem of Fruit Growing

Dwarf Apples

in Small Gardens.

Why You Should Buy Dwarf Trees

Baldwin Wallbridge
Spy Alexander 1. They bear bigger, better fruit; come into bearing several years
Beey Bees earlier, and produce more fruit from the space than standard size
eh ess Gano trees.
King Red Astrachan 2. They are easy to care for, because the heads are so low that
Greening insect pests can be controlled. Picking is easy because the fruit is
within reach.
Dwarf Pears 3. With dwarf trees, you can use the land for vegetables, as the
a pan shade is less dense.
eae Flemish You can have forty trees, with a variety, in a space 20 feet
Anjou square, save several years, get better fruit, and each tree should

Other varieties listed in booklet

bear a bushel a year.
We offer the best stock ever produced in this country. Ourapples

Prices are grafted on Paradise stock, and the pears on quince stock. They
4 Trees carefully packed, $ 3.00 will succeed in many places where standard trees would fail.
o a Mi ” ape To secure full season’s growth, order at once for Fall plant-
2 ia ie 12'00 ing. Our Illustrated Booklet including descriptions of Varieties

and Cultural Directions sent on request.

Larger quantities subject
to special arrangement
Price includes packing. Any
varieties of pears or apples in
list may be selected

The Coneai Co.

Sheepshead Bay Long Island, N. Y.

The Passing of the
; Idle Rich

By FREDERICK TOWNSEND MARTIN

PEONIES

WO hundred thousand roots

in three hundred of the

finest varieties guaranteed true
to name.

ERE is a book by a man prominent

in social circles both in this coun-

» try and abroad. His approach to

- the subject is not that of the profes-

sional muck-raker; he sees

those tendencies and under-

currents which make the

mere outward show and

superficial extravagance a

sure sign of great social
changes.

B @ Mr. Martin t Ils the truth
about the follies and the

; absurdities of the idle rich;
but he clearly indicates
that some rich people are
not happy in their circum-
stances and are setting
about to change them.

We offer one and two year
old stock; also extra large four
year clumps for Fall planting.

Send for Catalogue and Order Early

society ;

I have
lived my
life in it.’’

Cottage Gardens Co., Inc.
NURSERIES
New York

Net $1.00 (postage 10 cents)

Queens
Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, New York

I} you wish to systematize your business the
130 Readers’ Service may be able to offer suggestions

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

OcToOBER, 1911

DREER’S
Giant Trumpet

a g' ; > & DAFFODILS

ea Oo.

gf There are no hardy bulbs which
a have more points of merit than

the Narcissus or Daffodils; per-

fectly hardy, growingand doing

well either indoors or out in the garden, all

positions seem to suit them.

The Giant Trumpet sorts are the handsomest of the genus

and of these we offer twelve of the very finest kinds, any or

all of which, planted this Autumn are sure to give you a beau-
tiful harvest of gold and silver blossoms next Spring. We offer

3 each of the 12 grand sorts for $2.25 by mail
6 6c “cc “ 12 “ce “ “ 4.00 “cc “
12 “ “ “ 12 “ “ec “ee 7.50 it3 “c

These and many others are fully described inour Autumn Catalogue;
also a complete list of all kinds of BULBS, PLANTS and SEEDS for
Autumn planting. Copies free for the asking.

HENRY A. DREER tanikcereme
ORCHIDS

Largest importers and growers of
OrcHIDs in the United States

LAGER & HURRELL

Orchid Growers and Importers

Iron Railings, Wire Fences and Entrance #
Gates of all designs and for all purposes, ff
Correspondence solicited: Catalogs furnished. {

Se eS ee ee ea, Make the Farm Pay

Complete Home Study Courses in Agriculture,
Mortienlture, Floriculture, Landscape Gardening, For-
estry, Poultry Culture, and Veterinary Science under
Prof. Brooks of the Mass. Agricultural College, Prof.
Craig of Cornell University and other eminent
teachers. Over one hundred Home Study
Courses under able professors in leading colleges.

250 page entalog free. Write to-day.

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. A., Springfield, Mass.

| and Spiral Netting (Chain Link) Fences for Estate FF
Boundaries and Industrial Properties—Lawn Furni-

ture—Stable Fittings.
NF. E.CARPENTER CO, fos, Poo Gay

Prof. Brooks

SUMMIT, N. J.

LAST CALL FOR PEONIES
PURouR ROOTS From TRUE &peciauists

YOUR

WE GROW PEONIES
—NOTHING ELSE

COST NO MORE FROM US THAN FROM ANY OTHER RESPONSIBLE
GROWERS, BUT—WELL, “OUR REPUTATION HAS BEEN BUILT ON
tHE OUALITY Ob OUR SMOCK7—diEAd ID GrIcATINS:

WE SHIP ONLY IN THE FALL—YOU CANNOT INDUCE US TO SEND
YOU PEONIES IN THE SPRING. A CATALOG THAT’S VERY “DIE-
FERENT” MAILED THE INSTANT WE GET YOUR REQUEST.

Box 300, Sinking Spring, Penn’a

MOHICAN -PEONY GARDENS,

withstand the hot, dry summer, while spring-set
plants would hardly have time to get a firm hold
in the soil before summer; and third, labor is more
plentiful in the fall and one has more time then for
preparing the soil. Violets love a moist situation
and rich, loamy soil, which should be made fine,
loose and very deep so that the long roots can
freely penetrate the soil. Well decayed horse
manure is an excellent fertilizer for violets. Spade
it in deep.

I think the large, rich green leaves of the violet
plants are almost as pretty as the flowers, espe-
cially when blended with the light green and varie-
gated leaves of nasturtiums. In the spring I
usually plant tall variegated nasturtiums around
the edges of my violet beds and allow them to
trail, which produces a very pretty combination
of leaves and variously colored flowers. The
most vigorous grower of the many excellent varie-
ties of violets is probably the Princess of Wales,
wonderfully free in flowering, with large, single
blue flowers borne on long stems. The large dark
green leaves are of a thick leather-like texture.
A very small plant in my garden covered a space
over a yard square in two seasons. Governor
Herrick is another excellent variety having flowers
of a dark purple on long stout stems. California
is almost as vigorous a grower as Princess of
Wales; the flowers are large and of a clear purple.
There are also several fine double varieties, such as
Swanley White and Lady Hume Campbell, but
these have never succeeded with me on account,
I suppose, of our long hot summers.

Georgia. THOMAS J. STEED.

A Frame to Protect Plants
from the Frost

Foe’ low-growing plants we invented a useful

frame, made of eight old pickets, that acted
as a support for carpeting or other covering material.
These were nailed in the form of two squares and
tied together at the top, so that a wide or narrow
row could be covered. This frame was light to
handle, but strong enough to hold the weight of
heavy covering, if needed. One was used for an
individual plant, or several for a row.

An advantage over other styles of covering, to
protect from frost, is that this sort of frame need
not be removed in the day time, as it is sufficiently
open to allow freé entrance of air and sunshine. It
is only necessary to remove the coverings, or to fold

An excellent frame made of old pickets for sup-
porting material to protect plants from frost

them and hang them over the top strip, till it is
time to cover again at night. The string that held
the two top strips together was of the strongest,
to avoid wear from folding and unfolding, also
loose enough for the two parts to swing easily.

For anyone who uses baled hay, loops of the bale
wire, bent so that the ends do not scratch the gar-
deners’ hands, will be found superior to string.
The pickets were placed point down, because in
windy weather it gives a firmer hold for the points
to push slightly below the surface of the ground.
Many of these frames can be stored in a small
space, as they fold together perfectly flat.

New York. I. M. ANGELL -

October, 1911

/

SG) AReDAB SN mA: G AZT NE) yal’ Rade? Serie piles Snir 131

are made en-
tirely with-
out the “‘fill-
ape eH
cracks and
falls out in
ordinary
shades leav-

Brenlin Window Shades look better and last ae streaks
longer than ordinary shades because they and pinholes.
are made differently.

Brenlin won’t crack —won’t bag or sag.
It always hangs straight and smooth — adds
a hundred per cent. to the appearance of
your windows — and is always the cheapest
shade you can put up.

_Brenlin is made in all colors and in different com-
binations of Brenlin Duplex, light one side, dark the
other. With the latter you can match any color

scheme without the expense and annoyance of two
sets of shades. ‘

Write today for this book and
samples in all colors

With the many suggestions in the book (typical
houses shaded with Brenlin, ideas for window treat-
ment) and the samples select
your shades. Then go to your

dealer’s and order Brenlin. One
or more good dealers in every
city sellit. _ Write today for
the book. Find out in detail
why Brenlin is the cheapest
shade you can put up.

Cas. W. BRENEMAN & Co.

2073-2083 Reading Road
Cincinnati, O.

= The name is perforated
a along the edge of every

ee d like thi.
ee Look for it BRENLIN

Protect your trees from rabbits,
insects, etc., by using

Hawkeye Tree Protectors

Write us for description and price.
We have 500acres in nurserystock.

Send for catalogue.
The Elizabeth Nursery Co., Elizabeth, N. J.

Write us Today for our Sunshine Taste-Box— Five

Varieties of the Daintiest Confections you ever tasted
will be sent

Ever eat chocolate
cream biscuits?
Made of two crisp
chocolate wafers
filled with richly
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Most too good to
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for luncheon, after-
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e t e

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Every morsel has a sunshine taste. It’s crisp, delicious, wholesome.

Sunshine Specialties are different from anything made in this
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Tf you prefer, for 10 cents Jp Sta SO Write today for the Sunshine
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Plant for Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations

Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty
years to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.

We do the long waiting —thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that
give an immediate effect. Price List Now Ready.

ANDORRA NURSERIES &@& onivabevpia, Pa.

WM. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

The Readers’ Service gives information
about automobile accessories

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

OctosBeEeR, 1911

MONTAGUE
GLASS

@ Here is an author to be reckoned with to-day. The phenomenal interest aroused
throughout the country by the senal publication of his “ Potash & Perlmutter” stories
is well known to everyone.

@ What surprised everybody was the fact that, notwithstanding the hundreds of
thousands of readers these stories had senally, their appearance in book-form was
greeted with delight by a brand new audience which still spreads every month.

@ And now comes a second volume of tales entitled

“ABE and MAWRUSS”

Being further inimitable adventures of

the genial firm of Potash & Perlmutter

You will understand why the whole country roars over these tales when you know
that the news-stands on the lower East Side of New York “sell out” regularly upon
the appearance of a new Potash and Perlmutter story.

@ This is pretty good evidence of the truthfulness of Mr. Glass’s delightfully

humorous character-drawing.

Each Volume, Fixed Price, $1.20 (postage 12c.)

Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City, N. Y.

Landscape Gardening

A course for Home-makers and
Gardeners taught by Prof. Craig
and Prof. Beal, of Cornell Uni-
versity.

Gardeners who understand up-to-
date methods and practice are in

demand for the best positions.

A knowledge of Landscape Gar-
dening is indispensable to those
who would have the pleasantest
homes.

Beautiful Terraces

(eset) and lawns owe their soft, grassy beauty to KALAKA, the Wizard
Lawn Producer. ‘

Sown like other grass seed butit comes up where a// others fail.

Kalakais seed and fertilizer mixed. Needs only soil-moisture. A

marvel for bringing up new lawns and terraces or replenishing

Progr. CRAIG
250 page catalogue free. Write today.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G, Springfield, Mass.

old ones Cheaper, goes further than common seed. Instructive

booklet, “How to Makea Lawn” is free. Send for it.

m The Kalaka Company, 814 Exchange Avenue. Chicago.

Dutch Bulbs for California
Gardens

| ee why the spring-flowering bulbs are not
«J grown in California to a much greater extent
than they appear to be was somewhat of a mystery
until I had satisfied myself that it was because
they were not well enough known. Nowhere in
America do many of them do as well as on the Paci-
fic Coast, where their culture for commercial pur-
poses would easily be a success in many places if
only soil and climate and not the cost of labor had
to be considered. Again their planting months,
October to December, are the ones in which a
Californian feels most like gardening, for the fall
rains soften the ground and the cooler air is stimu-
lating after the long dry summer. It is true their
flowers do not awaken us from winter as they do in
the East, but they do come after the poorest flower
months of the year and are especially welcome as
they beautify our gardens when we most expect
visitors. Perhaps their unnecessarily greater cost
where plants generally are cheap has prevented
their greater use; possibly, too, misconceptions of
what and how to plant have resulted in some dis-
couraging failures.

First, it may be said that the whole series of dwarf,
early-flowering bulbs, such as crocus, snow drops
and scillas, so cherished in colder climates because
they bloom in the short grass as soon as the snow
leaves, are very disappointing under California
conditions, where they flower at a time when
growth is quite luxuriant. Moreover, success is
less certain than in the East and the weeding of the
small plants quite a task during the rainy season.
Lastly, their places can be taken by California
annuals in some cases, as for instance where the
pretty “baby blue eyes” (Nemophila isignis)
can be used in place of scillas as a ground work for
daffodils or white tulips, and that at a very small
fraction of the cost. Two of the lesser bulbs,
both white, I have seen used quite effectively:
the spring snowflake (Leucojum vernum), planted
in clumps in shrubbery borders, and the spring
star flower (Milla or Triteleia uniflora), forming an
edging to large plantings of yellow daffodils.

Secondly, no attempt should be made to follow
the eastern and European plans of planting formal
bulb beds on the lawn, for, of the two chief materials
used, early tulips and Dutch hyacinths, the former
are almost always a failure and the latter not
conspicuously successful. Besides, it can be taken
as a general rule that most of the so-called Dutch
bulbs make longer stems and hold their colors
better if given partial shade. The sunlight tem-
pered by the bare branches of deciduous trees gives
just about those conditions which the California
gardener often gets artificially by erecting lath
houses for his plants.

As to what is worth growing, let me say that the
daffodil is the bulb for the Pacific Coast, as I have
seen it doing well from Vancouver to Pasadena and
thriving in the heavy adobe soils around San Fran-
cisco Bay quite as well as in the decayed granites
of Southern California. In Central California I
have grown Emperor with stems two feet long, and
to quote George Ellwanger, “ with trumpets large
enough for the angel Gabriel.”’ Briefly its require-
ments are planting any time from September
to December about five inches deep in any garden
soil, preferably a heavy one, with no fertilizer except
bone flour or meal dug into the ground below the
bulbs. Lots of water and freedom from weeds
will do the rest. I believe it is impossible to over-
water narcissus and, judging from last season’s

OcTroBER, 1911

Harmony and Durability
in Paint

It is a fortunate thing in house painting
that beauty and wear may go hand in hand.
The color scheme should be one that will
make the home an attractive and harmo-
nious part of the neighborhood picture.
That gives you beauty.

The wear that is the duration of the
beauty depends on the materials and the
way they are applied. When you buy
or specify

“Dutch Boy Painter”
Pure White Lead

and pure linseed oil, you have gone as far
as any one can go inthe choice of right
materials. “They are standard and reliable.
A good painter does the rest.

The cost of this best sort of painting is
not excessive, for two simple reasons:
White lead paint covers better than sub-
stitutes and wears longer.

Painting Helps,

one of our booklets, gives you
practical aid in deciding what
combination of colors will best
suit your style of house. Other
booklets and specifications will
show you the advantages of
“Dutch Boy Painter’? white-
leading. Ask for Painting Helps
No. 795.

NATIONAL LEAD COMPANY
NewYork Boston Buffalo Cincinnati Cleveland
St. Louis Chicago San Francisco
(John T, Lewis & Bros. Co., Philadelphia)

. (National Lead & Oil Co., Pittsburgh)

PAEONIES

The world’s best. Finest English, French and Amer-
ican varieties. Such as Lady Alexandra Duff, Jas.
Kelway, Baroness Schroeder, M. Jules Elie, Etta and [|
many others. Plants true to name. Send for list.

Peony Specialist, W.L.GUMM, Remington, Ind.

pam inum Specialists
CloiGe EVEISICENS. oe

Oueaenck Planting
Also DECIDUOUS TREES and SHRUBS

Write for large tllustrated catalog.
D. HILL NURSERY CO., Inc.

Box 106, DUNDEE, ILLINOIS

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The latest books on travel and biography may
be obtained through the Readers’ Service

133

peg 5
ioe y Tibi e. coce wn amma
Pe BRC : U3 panaeesantaiasene 4
A ; : f a

Any Month is
Melon Month
If You Have
One of Our

Greenhouses

Luscious golden meated melons
with the true melony flavor—
melons that you can depend on
being uniformly delicious whether
it be August or January. Melons
that weigh pounds — not ounces.

sweet peas, and a ripemelon! For an equal
expenditure, where is there a hobby from which
you can get its equivalent in actual returns and
innumerable pleasures? Just to better know the
further possibilities of one of our greenhouses, as
well asthe careful way a greenhouse should be
built (to be successful —and inexpensive to run)
send for our new catalog. It has over 400
illustrations—some in five colors.

AS Then there are cucumbers (we mean
the crispy sort with soft seeds and snow
white meat). You can grow the tele-
\ phone pole variety and get “‘cukes” a foot and
a half long. You can’t do such things without
a greenhouse.

And there’s strawberries. Think of the keen
pleasure you would take in picking those big
white tipped blood red clusters of berries such

as you see only in greenhouses. Think of put-
ting a few pots of them right on thetable and giving
your guests the pleasure of picking the ripe fruit
night off the vines.

Think of going out to your greenhouse some
zero day and picking an armful of roses — some

Lord & Burnham Company

If you want to start your house at once—the one
best way to save time is to send for us to come
and talk it over with you and if possible see its
proposed location. If you will do that,
we ought to be able to have it ready in
time to start your flowers for the winter.

g .- Irvington N.Y.

Factories: 2s Piains, ill.
NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO
St. James Bldg. Tremont Bldg. Franklin Bank Bldg. Rookery Bldg.

For the benefit of people who cannot
visit my gardens, and wish to order from
sample flowers, I will send by express

50 blossoms, cut with short stems, as for
exhibition; all labelled, for $1 — to pay for labelling and packing.

| Geo. L. Stillman, Dahlia Specialist, Westerly, R. I., Box C

CULTURE is the only way to make big
money on little capital. One acre is worth
$25,000., and yields more revenue than a
Ioo-acre farm: with much less work and

worry. Let me show you how to increase
your annual income $500. to $5000. WRITE NOW

T. H. SUTTON, 1100 Sherwood Ave., , Louisville, Ky.

800 GALLONS

A few years ago the N. Y. Experiment Station started out to prove that ‘‘ Scale-
cide ’’ was too expensive, but they found that in orchard work 9 gals. of ‘‘ Scale-
cide ’’’ went as far as 17 gals. of Lime-Sulfur. This being the case, a barrel of
OR *«Scalecide’’ which makes 800 gals. of spray at the strongest strength, will goas
far and do better work than 1,500 gals. of Lime-Sulfur spray, which will require
3% barrels of the best Lime-Sulfur. The Missouri Experiment Station reports
1500 GALLONS that ‘‘Scalecide”’ killed 100% of scale in 5 out of 7 tests. Lime-Sulfur did not
® do it once in 10 tests in the same orchard. ‘‘Scalecide’’ has greater fungicidal
properties than Lime-Sulfur as a Winter wash. A postal request to Dept.‘‘I’’ will bring by return mail, free, our
book, ‘‘ Modern Methods of Harvesting, Grading and Packing Apples,’’ and new booklet, ‘‘Scalecide, the ane
Saver. ” Tf your dealer cannot supply you with ‘‘ Scalecide’’ we will deliver it to any R. R. Station in the U.
east of the Mississippi and north of the Ohio rivers on receipt of price. 50-gal. bbls., $25; 30-gal. bbls., re
10-gal. cans, $6.75; 5-gal. cans. $3.75. Address B. G. Pratt Company, Dept. I, 50 Church Street, New York City.

PB The Readers’ Service will give
134 injormation about automobiles

The Limousine Buggy

Instantly adjustable to all
kinds of weather.

The Limousine Buggy—neat, well-built,
always ready for all kinds of weather.

On a pleasant day it is a smart, easy
running, easy pulling, well-built buggy,
open to the breeze on all sides, roomy
and comfortable.

You will enjoy every moment of a

experience, wet feet do not bother them in the
slightest. For selection of varieties I suggest:
yellow trumpets — Golden Spur, Emperor, Glory
of Leiden; bicolor trumpets — Victoria, Empress,
J. B. M. Camm; white* trumpet — Madame de
Graaff; incomparabilis—Sir Watkin, Autocrat,
Beauty, Stella Superba; Barri— Barri Conspicuus;
Leedsi — Mrs. Langtry, Katherine Spurrell;
poeticus — ornatus and the type. Doubles are
not recommended. Of the polyanthus or bunch
flowered narcissus which thrive outdoors here,
Paper White Grandiflora, Isaac Newton, Grand
Monarque and Queen of the Yellows give the range
of color obtainable. The Rugulosus jonquil is very
desirable for its earliness and perfume.

Fine tulips can be grown in California as well as
anywhere else, but not by the inexperienced or
careless gardener. Lighter soil than for daffodils
is desirable and drainage essential. For good
results better dig out the soil for a foot, or deeper
if drainage is necessary, fill in with six inches of
soil lightened with sand and enriched with old
manure and plant the bulbs six inches apart on
this, seeing that they are free from contact with
manure. Raising the surface of the border is
desirable unless under drainage is good. If planted
where they will obtain only filtered sunlight or
sun for only half the day better results may be
expected than if in the open. Leave the early
flowering tulips alone, as in California these are
useless, blooming on stems so short that they can-
not even be cut. Grow cottage tulips and Darwins
and after you have had the pale yellow retroflexa,
the crimson Gesneriana, the pink Clara Butt or
the lilac Dream you will never yearn for Kaisers-
kroon again. The following will give a good range
of form and color in the cheaper varieties. Cot-
tage tulips, white — Didieri alba, White Swan; yel-
low — retroflexa, Parisian yellow, Gesneriana lutea;

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Stained with Cabot’s Shingle Stains
Aymar Embury II. Arch’t, Englewood, N. F.

50% cheaper than Paint

50% cheaper to apply
100% handsomer than Paint

This is only a part of what you gain by using

Cabot’s Shingle Stains

They are made of creosote, and thoroughly preserve the
wood. Your own men can put them on, oryou can do it
yourself, if you are back where thereareno painters. They
give soft, transparent coloring effects, that harmonize per-
fectly with nature. They areused on all exterior wood work
shingles, siding, clapboards, or boarding. The original
Creosote, genuine wood-preserving Stains.

You can get Cabot’s Stains all over the country. Send
Jor Sree samples on wood and name of nearest agent

SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Manfg. Chemists
1 Oliver St. Boston, Mass.

CALIFORNIA

OctToBER, 1911

a

bronze — Clio or Bronze Queen; pink — Ingles-
comb pink; rose — La Merville; red — Gesneriana
major, fancies —Picotee, Fairy Queen, Doris.
Among the Darwins White Queen, Margaret,

pleasant-weather drive in the Cozy Cab.
All the more so because you will know
that if a sudden shower comes up or it

PRIVET Rest of the Hedge Plants—an ideal hedge for lawn
purposes. A quick grower. Nothorns. Easily trained
California Privet is generally known and universally popular. Particularly.

suitable for private grounds. Perfectly hardy and almost evergreen. Large
stock. Promptshipments. Plant this Fall and gain a season. Write today

turns cold, in thirty seconds you can shut
out the weather completely.

With three, simple, one-hand movements, without
leaving your seat or even dropping the lines, you can
protect yourself from every drop of rain, every draft
of wind. And shutout the weather without shutting
off your view of the road, without any feeling of stuff-
iness or of being cramped.

Write today for our handsomely illustrated catalog.
Pick out the Cozy Cab that fits your requirements,
and we will send it to you for a thirty days’ free trial.

Use it as you would your own, on all kinds of roads,
in all kindsof weather. Itis.a buggy for everyday
use, every day in the year.

Write today for the catalog.
Fouts & Hunter Carriage Mfg. Co.,
Dept. 0-6 TERRE HAUTE, IND.

ee eee

I am really interested in your proposition,
and would like to have your FREE Catalog.

Mail this coupon to

Fouts & Hunter Carriage Mfg.Co., Dept.0-6 Terre Haute, Ind.

V3 More Water

raised and delivered by the

“American” Centrifugal P os

than by others because the
impeller is accurately ma-
chined to the casing, prevent-
ing any sudden change in di-
rection of the water. Mot an
ounce of power is wasted.
Every ‘‘American”’ Centrifu-
gal absolutely guaranteed.

Write for new catalog 120.

THE AMERICAN WELL WORKS

Office and Works, Aurora, Ill.
First National Bank Building, Chicago

Loveliness, Edmee, Clara Butt, Farnscomb San-
ders, Glow, King Harold, Zulu, Dream and
Rev. H. Ewbank would be a good selection for a
beginner.

Dutch hyacinths I have little enthusiasm over
as they are stiff in the garden, useless for cutting
and break up into small non-flowering bulbs. The
Roman hyacinths, however, are also hardy here
and if planted in October and watered they will
furnish flowers for Christmas decoration.

In the article by Wilhelm Miller on “‘ The Fun
of Collecting Anemones” (GARDEN MAGAZINE for
June, 1911), quite enough has been said of the glories
of the garden anemones to make everyone want
them, so that I have only to add that if the reader
lives in California he can plant them with every
hope of success. Cultural directions are quite
similar to those quoted from the “The English
Flower Garden” —namely, plant about three
inches deep and six apart in light, rich, well-
drained soil. I would add to soak the roots in tepid
water for a few hours to make them swell, so that
the prongs which are on the under surface may be
put in pointing downward and also that by extend-
ing the planting season from September to December
flowers may be had from February to April. The
first I saw last season were in Pasadena in January
and the last in Palo Alto in late April. I have tried
them in one of the lighter adobes, but the surface
baked so hard that the leaves could hardly get
through, so in future I will confine them to lighter
soils. In heavier soils they also have a decided
tendency to die out after the first year though I
think something can be done for this by raising
seedlings as some amateurs do here.

California. SypNEy B. MitcHeE Lt.

A Dwarf Zinnia

M* FIRST season’s experience with the Haag-
eana type of zinnia has made me grow fond
of an annual that J rarely seein gardens. Itisa
dwarf, but is not to be confused with the low kind
of Zinmia elegans; both the foliage and blossoms
are quite different. The type is orange. There are
other yellows, however, and now and then beau-
tiful claret shades are combined with them. The
plants are less than a foot high and are masses
of small flowers. (Gia, We

for Free Catalogue of Trees, Vines, etc,

ee ARTHUR J. COLLINS

Box T
1840 1911

Old Colony Nurseries

HARDY SHRUBS, TREES, VINES,
EVERGREENS AND PERENNIALS
A large and fine stock of well-rooted plants grown
in sandy loam. Good plants; best sizes for plant-

ing very cheap, Priced catalogue free on appli-
cation, Wholesale and retail,

T. R. WATSON Plymouth, Mass.

“{ SIMPLEX

t 7

It williron in a few moments what would require hours by hand.
The work will have a better finish and cost less for fuel To con-
tinue the old hand method means to waste your time,
strength and money. It doesnotpay. Prove by an actual 30-day
free test that the Simplex Ironer is a necessity in your home.
Heats by gas, gasoline or electricity and turns by hand, belt or motor
ower. Catalog and ‘‘ Ironing Hints’’ booklet free on request.

rite today and ask for Free Trial Offer. AMERICAN
IRONING MACHINE CO., Y 56 E Lake St., Chicago, Il.

Moorestown, N. J.

Ocroper, 1911 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE fismaio abst auombine 135

Genasco is the roofing of
the age. Its foundation has
stood for ages past.

It beats shingles. They warp, crack,
split, and rot—more so now than ever
before (lumber is getting scarcer, and
shingle-quality is becoming poorer every
year).

Beats tin, which rusts and needs paint-
ing regularly. And even with paint tin
doesn’t last like it used to— quality has
deteriorated here, also.

Coal tar roofings have the same old
faults they have always had — get soft
and melt in the summer sun, and get
brittle and crack in the cold, and leak.

Genasco

The Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt Roofing

is the one roofing that lasts. It is made of
Nature’s everlasting waterproofer.

Trinidad Lake Asphalt has withstood the suns
and storms of centuries; and in Genasco it
gives the same lasting resistance to sun, rain,
snow, wind, heat, cold —and even fire.

The oily nature of this natural asphalt keeps
Genasco alive and strong to defend itself; and
this is why Genasco is lastingly waterproof.

The Kant-leak Kleet waterproofs the seams of
Genasco without cement, and prevents nail-
leaks besides. It gives the roof an attractive
appearance.

Ask your dealer for Genasco mineral or smooth
surface Roofings with Kant-leak Kleets packed
in the roll. Guaranteed, of course. Write us
for samples and the Good Roof Guide Book.

Largest producers of asphalt, and largest
manufacturers of ready roofing in the world,

Philadelphia

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For a Domestic Water Supply

these points are of vital importance. You must have a pump that you are sure will do all the pumping necessary; it must
be one that cannot easily be put out of order.

It must be so simple that any member of the household can run it without danger of injury to themselves or the pump;
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Catalog Now.

Plant

Write for this Fall

You will find this book helpful, not only in pendable, the soil most favorable, and while our
the selection of hardy plants, bulbs, shrubs, Landscape Department can give you every
trees, etc., but also in planting them to the most attention.
artistic advantage. Don’t wait till spring. The combination of Wagner Plants, Wagner plans, an 1

Plant now while the Fall planting will insure the finest effects.
Wy Z Write today for the catalog, “Plants and Plans
weather is de- for Beautiful Surroundings.” I¢ zs free.

WAGNER PARK NURSERIES “%

Florists, Nurserymen
Landscape Gardeners

S Box 635,Sidney, Ohio 2

ayy
© eal a7
je

The Readers’ Service will give you
suggestions for the care of live-stock

136 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

OctTroBER, 1911

About Cottage Tulips

I HAVE made such slow progress in rescuing
cottage tulips from old New England gardens
that I was particularly gratified to receive last fall,
a baker’s dozen of the varieties gathered by a
friendly bulb specialist in Ireland, from British
borders. Neither the fact that the gift comprised
thirteen bulbs nor that the arrival from Ireland
was so late that planting was delayed until Novem-
ber nineteenth worked to my disadvantage, and
in just six months I had a perfect bloom of each
variety.

All of these named sorts proved so good that I
should like to pass the word along. I was especi-
ally delighted with Ard Cairn — an indescribable
soft shade of silvery pink, with a yellow base.
Two others of similar softness of hue were Emerald
Gem, a fine salmon color, and Orion, a rich pinkish
yellow. In the group also were six excellent
reds. The best, to my mind, was Glare of the
Garden, which has an intense, deep color and a
very black base. So far as I can see it is identical
with my choicest find in New England. Golconda,
Mars, Crimson Globe and Courant’s Fulgens
turned out good reds with a bluish base and The
Lancer, which has a white base, a fine tone that
changed to crimson. Finally there were four strik-
ing striped varieties. The Zebra, cream striped
-with maroon, and Trafalgar, yellow with the edges
of the petals feathered with red, were the wonder
of the many visitors who saw my little double row
of Irish cottage tulips — which, for convenience,
I planted in my nursery. Kaleidoscope, rose with
a few stripes of red and a bluish centre, and Corona
Tubes pale lemon striped with red, complete the

ist.

These few bulbs, even more than my New Eng-
land finds, have made me a thorough convert to
the cottage tulip. The truth is I like it better
than the much vaunted Darwin tulip, though I
know that there are enthusiasts who will look on
me with pity for saying so. My hope is that the ©
cottage tulips that long ago were established in
American gardens have not disappeared so gener-
ally as conditions in our part of New England indi-
cate and that there will be some important rescu-
-ing yet. So far I have run across only four kinds
— dark red with black base, pure white with blue
base, pinkish red edged with yellow and yellow
striped with red. Some of these have stood where
they are as long as I can remember.

New York. H. S. Apams.

A HISTORY
of ENGLAND

By RUDYARD KIPLING
and C. R. L. FLETCHER

through by a poetic flash of insight into the particular time and character of the men who

made it significant; and the result is a succession of revelations of the human heart
beating beneath the dry casing of historical fact such as exists in no other book we can cite.
And for a culminating point there is a “‘ Song of the Machines” which sums up our own time
with a penetration and insight and hopefulness of clear vision that leave the reader breathless.
It’s a lucky generation that will get its knowledge of the past from this unique volume!

Illustrated in color. Net, $1.80 (postage 20 cents).

COLLECTED VERSE. By RUDYARD KIPLING. |

Illustrated Edition. Beautifully Illustrated by W. Heath Robinson.
Cloth, net, $3.50 (postage 35c). Leather, net, $10.00 (postage 50c);
Limited edition of 125 autographed and numbered copies on large
paper, net, $20.00 (postage 50c).

REWARDS AND FAIRIES. Illustrated. $1.50

Other Books by RUDYARD KIPLING

Pocket Edition of volumes marked ** bound in flexible red leather, each net, $1.50 (postage 8c.)

q In a score of wonderful poems in this book, Mr. Kipling thrills the reader through and

**Puck of Pook’s Hill Illustrated in color. $1.50.
They. Special Holiday Edition. Illustrated in
color. Fixed price, $1.50 (postage 10c).
**Traffics and Discoveries. $1.50.
**The Five Nations. Fixed price, $1.40 (post-

age IIc).
**Just So Stories. Fixed price, $1.20 (postage

The Brushwood Boy.
(postage 8c).

With the Night Mail.
(postage 10c).

Kipling Stories and Poems Every Child
Should Know. Edited by Mary E. Burt and
W.T. Chapin. Net $1.20 (postage 12c).

Fixed price, $1.50
Fixed price, $1.00

home and market use.

15c) **The Light that Failed.

The Just So Song Book. Fixed price, $1.20
(postage 8c).
Collected Verse of Rudyard Kipling. Net,
$1.80 (postage 14c).
**Kim. $1.50.
A Song of the English. Net, $7.50 illustrated
(postage 50c).
**The Day’s Work. $1.50.
**Stalky & Co. $1.50.
**Plain Tales from the Hills. $1.50.
**] ife’s Handicap; Being Stories of Mine Own
People. $1.50.
**The Kipling Birthday Book.
**Under the Deodars. The Phantom ’Rick-
shaw and Wee Willie Winkie. $1.50.

TheNewBerry, Giant Himalaya

Vine grows 40 feet a year unless trimmed. Hardy as an oak—
will stand the winters in any part ofthe country. Bears enormous
crops of rich, black berries—ten tons have been gathered
trom soo plants. Lerries nearly an inch long, sweet,
melting, delicious. Plants ready September ist. 10 cents
each; $x a dozen; $3 a hundred; $25 a thousand. Add
to per cent when wanted by mail. Send for Berrydale
Berry Book. Tells about other valuable berries for

Berrydale Experiment Gardens
Garden Avenue Holland, Mich. &

& SUN-DIALS Wrinoot
itm PEDESTALS

Send for Catalogue H 27 of pergolas,
sun-dials and garden furniture or H 40
of wood columns.

HARTMANN-SANDERS CO.
Chicago, III.
New York Office, 1123 Broadway

$1.50.
**Soldier Stories. $1.50.

**The Naulahka (With Wolcott Balestier) $1.50.
**Departmental Ditties and Ballads and
Barrack-room Ballads. $1.50.

**Soldiers Three, The Story of the Gadsbys
and In Black and White. $1.50.

**Many Inventions. $1.50.

“Tiron See to Sea. Fixed price, $1.60 (postage
c).

ae Seven Seas. Fixed price, $1.40 (postage
c).

$1.50.
Illustrated. $1.50

**A baft the Funnel.

**Actions and Reactions.

FLORICULTURE

Complete Home Study Course in practical Floricul-
ture under Prof. Craig and Prof. Beal, of Cornell
University.

Course includes Greenhouse Construction and
Management and the growing of Small Fruits and

Vegetables, as well as Flowers Under Glass.

Personal Instruction. Expert Advice.
250 Page Catalogne Free. Write to-day.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. F., Springfield, Mass.

at all seasons

M ushroo ms Growing in your Cellar

b in postage stamps together with the name of your
40 cts. dealer will bring you, postpaid, direct from the
@, manufacturer, a fresh sample brick of

” Lambert's Pure Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN

the best high-grade spawn in the market, together with large illustrated book
on Mushroom Culture, containing simple and practical methods of raising,
preserving and cooking mushrooms. Not more than one sample brick will
be sent to the same party. Further orders must come through your dealer.

Address: American Spawn Cvo., Dept. 2, St. Paul, Minn.

A Mess
, of fresh

Picking and Keeping the Crop
I BEGIN to pick medium early varieties of

grapes like Worden, Delaware, Moore’s
Diamond, and Campbell, early the Jast week in
September, here in Southeastern New York.
Concord and Niagara follow very closely. If
there is a heavy load of fruit on a vine, pick a part
of the grapes as soon as they can be used for
grape juice and culinary purposes, and allow the
remainder to fully ripen, so they are sweet and
good. Picking part of the crop before it is ripe
enables the vine to mature and ripen the re-
mainder. Grapes ripen but very little after
they are picked, so leave them on the vines until
they are ripe enough to have the natural flavor,
if there is no indication of severe freezing. The
September and early October frosts in Delaware
County, N. Y., do not often injure grapes, although
the foliage is destroyed. I like the 10-pound baskets

Write to the Readers’ Service for
suggestions about garden furniture

OcToBER, 1911

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 137

The Veness Aerating
- Beater and Freezer,

Churn and Mixer

you will note this ott
ey meee
pn 60. asconde pel than any other freezer. Whips
Grea ae norfectigand sold. any cake dough smoothly and
m@ quickly, It isimpossibletomake
a heavy cake with the aerat-
ing. Churns butter in three
minutes. Makes mayonaise
dressing in one-sixteenth the
time required by the use of any
other beater. Beats the whites
of eggs and whips cream solid
in fifty seconds, If you cannot
get one from your dealer we will
send them prepaid on receipt of
the following prices:
% Pt. r Qt. 20t.
i oe G0c $1.00.
Nickel... 50¢ ‘S5c %1.25
AGENTS WANTED
EVERYWHERE
Live men can make $25 to $35
WEEKLY selling this new house
hold necessitg.

GEO. G. VENESS MFG. CO.
| 514 MAIN STREET CINCINNATI

Freezes ice cream better, more
quickly and with less trouble

LOOK OUT’

No more danger or damage from flying
sparks. No more poorly fitted, flimsy fire
place screens. Send for free booklet
“Sparks from the Fire-side.’’ It tells about
the best kind of a spark guard for your in-
dividual fireplace. Write to- day for free
booklet and make your plans early.

The Syracuse Wire Works
107 University Avenue, = Syracuse, N. Y.

Why Help Make the Plumber Rich?

Stoppage in waste pipes causes 90% of
plumbing troubles. _ Partial stoppage is
even worse, the collected matter lying
unnoticed to breed poisonous gases.
Don’t send for the plumber. Geta

Little Giant Lift and Force Pump

which isguaranteed to remove the
most obstinate obstructions
fromand thoroughly clean all
drainpipes. Noskillneeded. No
bucket, Bose or other tool needed.
Used by U. S. Government,
School Boards, Hospitals,
etc.

Made of heavily Rae brass and purerubber. Lasts a lifetime,

Day Free Trial Offer

Send me $5 fora Little Giant Pump, express prepaid. Keep it 30 days.
Then if you are not entirely satisfied and pleased, return pump at my
expense and yonr money will be refunded atonce. Ask your dealer or
send direct. Booklet free. Representatives wanted.

J. E. KENNEDY, 41 G, 10 Park Row, New York

Horstord’ Ss
Hardy

Perennials
For Cold Weather

If you have not tried Horsford’s Plants, better
get a few to set. with others and watch results. It
pays to have the best if you are looking for the

best flowers. Plants from cold Vermont will winter
almost anywhere that whiteemen can. If interested
in Hardy Bulbs for Autumn setting, Home Grown
Lilies, Shrubs, Trees or Vines, you can get them
from a Northern climate and feel sure they won’t
kill back the first hard Winter. My Autumn Sup-
plement offers many inducements to those who
have room to plant liberally. You should ask
for it, also my Spring catalogue, before placing
Fall orders.

F. H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vt.

Grow
Chestnuts
Like This
For Profit

Covers a5ce, piece.

The trees are hardy, rapid, sym-
metrical growth; luxuriant foliage;
spreading boughs: clean trunk;
stateliness.

Basket of <= MS

These qualities combined and de- t P nee
veloped by science toa degree that ae CANS Vy

closely borders perfection,in the new

SOBER PARAGON

Mammoth, Sweet Chestnut

Crop, Fall of 1910, brought $48,000,
orchard only 8 years old.

The only large sweet chestnut in
the world.

Bears the second year. The nuts
average 1 to 2 inches in diameter.

United States Pomologist, G. B.
Brackett,says: “Itis of large size, fine
appearance and excellent flavor.”’
* Testimony from growers, commis-
sion merchants, Forestry Iéxperts,
etc., given in our free booklet.

We own exclusive
control of the Sober
. o Paragon. This

Hardy Acclimated Pecan
Trees for Planting in
Northern States

Here are Pecan Trees which will
thrive in Northern States — producing
as prolifically and as profitably as any
Southern Pecans.

St. Regis Everbearing

The Raspberry for the Million and the
Millionaire. ““There’s Millions In It.”

You can now have wonderful rasp-
berries from June to October by setting
out the\plants in the fall.

St. Regis produces continuously
from June to October—heavy crops of
large, luscious, sugary berries of bright
crimson.

Big profits growing St. Regis for
market.

Pecan Orchards pay far bigger pro-
fits per acre than wheat or corn.

A shade-tree of wondrous beauty,
long the pride of the South, may now
adorn any Northern landscape.

We have five varieties of hardy trees
best suited for Northern Planting.
These have withstood temperature far
below zero, —never been known to

“a

‘SoBeR

copyrighted ” Z
Grows successfully i in any soil—en- PARAGON); Sa Se CAUE Nie otk Succesful i in almost any
dures without injury heat, drought = attached soul. Reach maturity in 5 to 7 years.

to every
genuine tree.

and severest cold. Catalogue free: Catalogue free.

PLANT PEONIES NOW

For Peonies. or more Peonies,
is NOW.

We grow Peonies here in the Middle West and our nurseries are the hub for
Peony shipments to all points of the compass.

Our Peony roots are full of real life and vigorous promise. If you set them
out in early fall—you will be visited by a wonderful wealth of blossoming plants
next year; the kind that create delight in all.

No matter where you are, we are near to all who want the best. Ideal cli- &
mate and rich soil make for superior vitality in Peonies, and all other plants,
and trees and shrubs grown at our nurseries. We will be at your service the
moment your request for further information arrives.

i, _.. > WILD BROS. NURSERY COMPANY, Box 514, Sarcoxie, Mo.
THE FARM LIBRARY

containing: ‘*Soils,”’‘‘ Farm Animals,’’‘‘ Farm Management,”’ ‘‘Cotton,’’ Each
illustrated from photographs, Books sold separately at $2.20 per vol. postpaid

DouBLeDAY, PaGE & Co., GARDEN Ciry, N. Y.

next May and June—the time to order

The Readers’ Service gives

information about Schools

We give you
the finest

Special Designs for Particular People
Our catalog shows all styles for lawns,

ARAAAAAMAAAAIRAHARAl

AIT UCOCCCTTWTTTTTME|, fence for the meee
Z least money. a” | | fa =
= x parks, A a
a = |_| > B ace catalog. factories) _A
ENTERPRISE FOUNDRY AND FENCE CO. poultry yards, ff
1221 E. 24th Street, Indianapolis, Ind. cemeteries,etc.

Dexter Brothers
Petrifax Cement Coating

should be used on all cement, brick and stucco exteriors.
Without it rain and dampness are sure to penctrate,
causing unsanitary conditions and perhaps damage.
Petrifax waterproofsthe surface, will not crack, chip or
peel, andis unaffected by climatic changes.

Made in white and several colors. For natural cement

finish specify Petrifax No. 4o.
Write for booklet,

Dexter Brothers Co., 110 Broad St., Boston, Mass.

. 1133 Broadway, New York, N. Y.
° 218 Race St., Philadelphia.

4lso makers of Dexter Brothers English Shingle Stain.

AGENTS—H. M. Hooker Co., Chicago; E. B. Totten, St.
Louis; Sherman Kimball, San Francisco; Hoffschlager &
SHIRLEY R. GUARD Co.; Honolulu; and DEALERS.

ARCHITECT, BAysIpE, N. Y.

The Readers’ Service will give information
138 about the latest automobile accessories IEE; GA R DEN MAGAZ INE OcroBperR, 1911

PEARLINE

om (¢ TT’ FLUFFED
IS NO) FLAKED

' WATERED

PEARLINE

Dry- Concen trated Soap

_ Powder. Use one Half (or

, | =. less) as much as of

Makes Dirt other J Powders
“Step Lively” : : |

| . If By Chemical Analysis.
EARLINE | By the Soft ae BESET EST
7 IS ae ae practical use :

J. H. Hale, the “Peach King,” writes; “Tue Dousrte Action ‘Curaway’ is a splendid tool. I use
it in polishing off my peach orchards several times a year. A good pair of horses handle it all right.”
" The genuine ‘“CurawAy” tools are used and endorsed by successful orchardists from coast to coast and

ay to gulf.

In orchard work the driver can cultivate under the trees and below the low limbs, the horses not interfering
with the branches. The double levers give the driver full control of tool at all times. For regular farm work
the gangs can be drawn together.

Every orchardist and fruit grower should have one or more of these labor savers and fruit makers. They
will positively pay for themselves in one season. ‘To investigate is to be convinced.

Thorough cultivation makes large crops. Stirring the soil lets in the air, sunshine and new life, and kills
foul vegetation. The “Cutaway” disk slices, stirs, lifts, twists and aerates the soil. CLarK’s “CuTaway”’

Toots run lighter anddo better work than any other machine. Lasts a lifetime.
Send today for newcatalog. ‘“‘Jztenszve Cultivation.’ Of course, it’s free.

CUTAWAY HARROW COMPANY
902 MAIN STREET HIGGANUM. CONNECTICUT

Heating ~ Ventilating

Send for Our New Booklet:
“ACHIEVEMENTS IN HOUSE HEATING ’’

that you may know what GOOD HEALTHFUL HEATING
EALLY IS, and what has been accomplished in heating and
VENTILATING fine residences by

KELSEY WAR’ GENERATORS

WE CAN that the KELSEY with the ZIG-ZAG HEAT
PROVE TUBES is most powerful and ECONOMICAL
TO YOU because it has much greater weight and heating

surfaces than other heaters and warms air by the

best method; that it warms enough FRESH AIR to supply a
complete change of air to every room 3 to 5 times per hour;
that it heats distant or exposed rooms, maintains an even
temperature and is most easily managed and regulated.

Don’t Make the Mistake of installing any system WITH
RADIATORS IN THE ROOMS which heat and reheat the

same foul air and causes throat and lung diseases.

40,000 HOME OWNERS

have installed Kelsey Heating because they wanted clean,
KELSEY HEATING healthful FRESH AIR HEATING and a low cost for fuel,
if : management and repairs.
IS FOR HOMES OF ANY SIZE, FROM 5

ro 73 woos axp rox cnoreuss KELSEY HEATING CO.
Poa a peeetae aaa Main Office: New York Office:
Let us give you names of prominent users 116 Fayette St., Syracuse, N. Y. 156 R Fifth Avenue

for grapes; and I use shears for cutting the bunches
and to remove decayed or bruised grapes from the
bunches. These grapes are spread a few inches
deep on boards in a cool cellar, where they keep
fresh for several weeks.

Grape juice boiled so it is evaporated about one-
half may be canned and used in winter by adding
the amount of water desired. Those who grow
an abundance of fruits can prepare syrups in the
fall to use for fruit drinks in winter. Small fruit
presses can be bought for $2.00 or $3.00.

October is the month when most of the winter
apples are picked. ‘There is a right way to pick
and store apples. I have seen in the market good
varieties of well grown winter apples that I would
not want at any price because they were picked
green, or were bruised. When conditions permit,
winter apples should be left on the trees until fully
ripe, or very nearly so. Red apples should be fully
colored before picking, and all apples should take
on their natural color and tints, for the true flavor
comes with the coloring. Apples do not ripen
as well as pears when stored, and in fact, the flavor
of winter apples improves but little after they are
picked.

To pick from low trees in the fruit garden,
nothing is needed but a basket, or pail, and perhaps
a step-ladder. The higher the tree, the longer the
ladder of course; on long ladders we use a picking
bag suspended from the shoulders. There is
danger of bruising the apples if they are put in a
basket suspended by a hook over a branch or on
the ladder. There are some good fruit-pickers on
the market that are useful for high trees. Try
to get apples stored for winter without the slightest
bruising. An apple should never drop, however
short the distance, but should always be placed
carefully in the receptacle, and the tree should
not be injured by breaking or marring its
branches.

As fast as the apples for home use are picked we
carry them to the cellar where the windows are all
removed, so that there is good cross ventilation,
and they are placed carefully a few inches deep in
racks or shallow bins. Here they are left until
hard freezing weather, when the apples are assorted,
and the cellar windows are put in. Apples will not
keep well in a cellar with a furnace, unless there
is a fruit room partitioned off. The choice and
perfect apples we keep until late winter and spring;
they require a low temperature and, if practicable,
exclusion of light and air. There are several
ways of keeping apples, and it matters but little
what the method is, if it complies with the above
conditions. It is a nice way to wrap fancy dessert
apples in paper, as oranges are wrapped, and
pack them in a box or barrel and cover tightly,
but my experiments have not proved that the
apples keep better for being so wrapped. Some
pack apples in sawdust, excelsior, etc., for long
keeping, and one advantage of this is that they
can be kept in a low temperature without
freezing.

There is no method that will give as good results
for those who desire apples in late spring as to
bury them out-of-doors in a dry corner of the ~
garden. Excavate a pit two or three feet deep,
cover the bottom with straw and place the apples
on the straw, then cover them with more straw,
and shovel on a few inches of soil, rounding up a
mound that will partially shed rain; afterward
shovel on a foot or so of soil before the ground
freezes for winter. I have kept apples in this way,
so that when taken out they were as fresh and of
as good flavor as when picked.

Winter pears should be picked about the same
time as winter apples; or before the hard freezes.
We do not wait for the Anjou, Winter Nelis, and
the green-skinned pears to change color, but pick
them for winter use when they are fully grown and
mature. Unlike most fruits, if winter pears are
put away hard and unedible, they will ripen and
soften to luscious perfection, especially with as
good a variety as the Anjou. Pick them as you do
apples, taking care not to bruise them, and store
in a cool place in the cellar. It is a good way to
pack ‘the sound perfect pears in bran or some dry
material. This is said to improve the Keiffer
pear, which, without some process of bettering the
flavor, is about as good as a raw potato in my
Opinion.

New York. W. H. JENKINS.

OctoBeER, 1911

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Dutch Bulbs

from the Growers
direct to the Planters

We have just received from
our nurseries at Sassenheim,
Holland, a supply of the very
best bulbs of every descrip-

tion—-Hyacinths, Tulips, Nar-
cissus, Crocus, etc. We sell
none but absolutely the best
quality bulbs. Order early
while we still have full stock.

Catalogue sent upon request

FRANKEN BROTHERS
DEERFIELD ILLINOIS

SEEDS GROW

BURPEE

If you want a copy of oe
‘‘Leading American Seed
Catalog,’’ for 1911, address BURPEE, Philadelphia.

FAIRFAX ROSES
| CANNOT BE EQUALLED Catalogue free

W.R. GRAY, Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX CO., VA.

Deciduous Shrubs That Will Thrive
in Shady Places. For Fall Planting

ARALIA PENTAPHYLLA will grow to

FORSYTHIA FORTUNEI “ “

PHILADELPHUS CORONARIUS (Mock Orange) will grow to 10. 12
1 RHODOTYPUS KERRIOIDES “a 4-5
} RUEUS ODORATUS (Flowering Raspberry). .

j SYMPHORICARPUS RACEMOSUS (Snowberry) * 2
KERRIA JAPONICA
SYMPHORICARPUS VULGARIS (Indian Cane

Any of the above in well furnished strong rooted 2-3 ft. plants at 35
each or $25.00 per 100. o agents—we sell direct to you. }
Write for personal advice.

Northern Nurseries Company
523 Cutler Building, Rochester, N. Y.

PEONIES AT WHOLESALE

Tor massing effects, we offer established plants to
bloom next June, in pink, white, straw, flesh, salmon,
rose and red. Double and fragrant at $10.00 per hundred.

IRIS

Khedive — lavender and orange, $7.00. Celestie— pale
blue; Chalcedonia—light purple; Elizabeth— pale lav-
ender; Aurea—golden yellow, $6.00 Flavescens—creamy
white; Madam Chereau— white frilled with blue; Mar-
golin—yellow and magenta: Marmora— lilac and pur-
ple; Nymph—lavender; Pallida Speciosa—dark lavender;
Queen of May —rose, lilac, $5.00. Florentina— white;
Purple Queen, $4.00. Delicata— white and lavender; San
Souci—yellow and russet, $3.50. Pumilla— (dwarf) pur-
ple; Siberian Blue—intense blue, $3.00 per hundred.

Two year old heavily branched Rouen lilacs for hedge
effect, $10.00 per hundred.

Named Phlox—white, red, and lilac, $6.00 per hundred.

Orange day lily, $4.00 per hundred.

Hollyhocks — best varieties, $8.00 per hundred.

No order filled for less than 50.

The above represents surplus stock in one of
the finest collections in America. Orders filled
until exhausted. Can be planted any time
before the ground freezes. Catalog free.

C. S. HARRISON’S SELECT NURSERY
YORK, NEB.

GOING TO BUILD
A HOUSE?

Do you know all about building >

If the architect got his Elizabethan
and Georgian details mixed, would you
know enough to stop him?

If the contractor used half as many
nails as he ought to, would you know it?

If the lumber dealer sent you plain
oak flooring when quartered oak was
specified would you know that?

Do you know the fundamental
principles of lighting, heating, plumbing,
fireplace construction, concrete work,
roofing, decorating? These are the
things we offer every month in

Country Litfe
im America

in the Homebuilder’s Supplement; and once
a year we publish a big, double number en-
tirely devoted to this sort of thing.
plan to build next spring, you need our

If you

ARMAND HOUSEBUILDING NGRIBER
OUT OCTOBER Ist

Tt include dozens of photographs of attractive country homes that
are full of suggestion for you, and there will be the following articles:

Wew Mission of an Old Farmhouse. By
WHITER A. DYER, Photographs by Wallace Nutting. How
a New England clereymany i in kis search for kealth and ccuntry life,
took up photography and fitted up a wonderful home that is a replica
of Colonial days.

mien Cottage Types in America. By HORACE
ALLISON. Photographs by Thomas W. Sears, Julian Buckly and
ea Horace Allison is merely the pen-name of one of New
York’ 4 leading architects, who analyses the English cottage style
and tells why it is well adapted to American country conditions.

Monticello and the Jeffersonian Colonial Style. By
MILDRED STAPLEY. Photographs by Arthur G. Eldredge
and others. An interesting and practical stvdy of the old Classic
brick homes of Albemarle County, Va., and the lessons that may
be drawn from them.

Successful American Gardens. By WILHELM MIl!_-
LER. Photographs by Arthur G. Elcredge. This one of the
series describes “‘ | yndanwald,”’ the Hering estate at Abington,
Pa., which is full of architectural interest.

Architectur?] Harmony ona Large Estate. By PHIL
M. RILEY, Photographs by Julian Brakly. model farm
where the main house, smaller cottages, and farm buildings are all
in perfect accord, and all architecturally interesting.

An Artist's Long Island Home. By TOPIARIUS.
Photographs by Arthrr G. E!dredge. Describing Fleetwood, the
Oyster Bay home of Robert Sewell, and telling how the effect of
an English country house of many years ago has been obtained.

The Old Dutch Houses of Flatbush. By MILDRED

Special Double Number—at the news-stands—50 cents.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., Garden City, New York

STAPLEY. Photographs by Harry G. Bohn and others. How
to read the beauty in decrepit old houses, and how to make them
once more habitable

Two Barns of Unique Design. By C. B. EDWARDS
and A. L. ROLFE. Two new ideas in barn construction which
cost less to carry out in concrete than in wood.

Hardwood F oors and Their Treatment. By MARY
H. NORTHEND. Photograpts by the author. What everyone
ought to know about floors and woods — not only people about to
build, but also those who wish to preserve the beauty and durability
of their floors.

A Return to Roofing with Thatch. By PHIL M. RILEY.
Photographs by W.C. McCollom, Mary H. Northend, and Paul
Thcmpson. A picturesque roof that is becoming popular in this
country. ‘ow to make one.

Gas Light for the Country Place. By CHARLES E.
WHITE, Jr. Drawings by the author. The merits and require-
ments of acetylene, gasolene, an iqui led gas compared,

The Doorknob House. By LOUISE RICE. Photographs
by Kent Bromley, Alfred F. Loomis, and the author. An amusing
story of aliitle home and i's old doorknobs and latches.

Gate-Posts for the Country Home. By CLAUDE H.
MILLER. Photographs by the author. Practical directions for
making your own gate-posts and how to select the kind that
harmonize with your house.

The pcuarenmen tes The Nature Club. The Amateur Photo-
grapher. Stock and Poultry, Stable and Kennel, Experiment
Station News, Real Estate.

$4.00 a year, postpaid. ‘Published twice a month

TIME NOW TO PLANT
Peterson’s Perfect Peonies

if you desire a fine show of blocm next June of the
grandest flower of our day.

“@he flower Beautiful’

139

tells you in detail all you’d like to know about the Peony, and
why, when you buy a plant that lasts as long as you do—and
longer—you should get the best that money can buy.

Some day, by sheer force of merit,
favored place in your garden.

Country Life in America

GEORGE H. PETERSO

Why not now?
Send for catalog—it’s free

Box 50. Fair Lawn, N. J.

my Peonies will win a

ROSE AND PEONY SPECIALIST

140

The Readers’ Service is prepared to
advise parents in regard to schools

THE GARDEN

OFFER

THE HOUSE
BEAUTIFUL

WITH
COMPLIMENTARY PORTFOLIO

If you have ever wondered what color to
paper your dining-room—or what disposi-
tion to make of an attic chamber, or how
best to treat a staircase or veranda—then
you will find great assistance in the beau-
tifully illustrated pages of this charming
magazine.

_ The House Beautiful” tells you by word and
picture what others have done toward making

a Greatiy Reduced **House Beautifuc' lilustrarion

their homes both distinctive and livable. Profit-

Don’t Neglect Your Trees

pe ENG This is the time when pruning
can be done to best advantage. The tree
is no longer active, the leaves are no longer neces-
sary to the tree and yet because they still adhere
to its branches, they aid the pruner in distinguishing
between the dead and the live wood. The removal
of limbs from trees must be done sparingly and
judiciously. In fact, the tree that has been trained
and cared for in its youth will need but little at-
tention later. Dead and broken branches carry
decay and injurious insects into the trunk of the
tree and are danger-
ous and unsightly.
They should there-
fore be removed as
soon as observed re-
gardless of the prun-
ing season. But the
usual light pruning,
such as the removal
of low branches and
the shortening of
overgrown ones, can
best be done in the
fall. The fundamen-
tal principles of
pruning frequently
described on _pre-

MAGAZINE

OcTroBER, 1911

5 =
oo wo, ee
3 IE NS

y

Erected fer Mrs. F. H. Loveii, Madison, N. J.

$250 buys this Greenhouse

Price includes everything, benches, boiler,
yadiating pipes, ventilating rods and all. No
foundations needed, as it is bolted to iron posts
set in the ground. When you move take the
greenhouse with you. As easy to take down
as to put up. Goes together like a sectional
bookcase. No fitting to be done — shipped
all glazed, ready for immediate erection.

It will save your flowers from frost. Give
you vegetables and blooming plants all winter.
Buy now and be ready.

Send for booklet of complete information.
Also gives growing information.

Hitchings & Company
1170 Broadway NEW YORK

SE the Ames Plow Company’s farm and
garden implements when you seed or cultivate.

AMES PLOW COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS.

HARDY PHLOX

You never know the beauty of Hardy

ing by their examples, you can go a step fur- Phlox unless you have some of your

ther and achieve effects in your home that would vious Occasions

be impossible wit: the invaluable information should be strictly own—then you want more. Over 250
u rec€ive mon ter - 6c 9 8 _ :

Beautiful.” Saar son pete e121 Se adhered to. Close varieties. The best in the market.

30 Day Offer cuts and removal

The Sheen anes of stubs and diseased
zs Tiption price 1S $3.00 per year. But i in-
to introduce The House Beautiful to mee readers Utes Snowe Ibe wn
we will send you for just $1.00, The House sisted upon.
peat for ave sarc beginning with the cur- Treat all wounds.
: ue and make you a present of “Tt i
House Beautiful Portfolio of House ctiltars, aoe ee omy Si db z
Furnishing and Decorating.” This Portfolio ic covering with coal tar all wounds caused by prun
a conection of color plates picturing and describ- ing or by accident cannot be overestimated. This,
Bee tees eed epee interiors which are un- moreover, is an ideal month to do it in, as a prepara-
pete Hehe nee de Ose Ellon 7S 2 tion for the winter. If the wound is not covered
prize which money could not ordinarily purchase. g : ae 5
ae avail yourself of this offer, cut out the with tar, the exposed wood cracks, providing suit-
Sal es a Ravaten altri in your name able quarters for germs of disease to develop. Coal
ar bill to it and mail tar is by far preferable to paint and other sub-
stances for covering the wound. The tar pene-
trates the exposed wood, with an antiseptic as well

W. L. SCHMEISKE
BINGHAMTON, N. Y.

Egg masses of the tussock
moth, a common leaf-eating
insect

Possess A Perfect Lawn
Old England’s historic estates are carpeted

with the most beautiful stretches of lawn.

Through centuries of careful study and

trial coarse, undesirable grasses have been

supplanted by a uniform durable species, i

almost the texture of velvet. |
Let English lawns surround your own |

home.

To-Day to
ee eed

THE HOUSE BEAUTIFUL, Room, 1713-315 4th Ave., N. Y. City

I accept your 30 DAY OFFER and request th ‘
The House Beautiful for FIVE months, and Ae OLE
House Building, Furnishing and Decorating. Enclosed find $1.00.

|

> Barwell’s Imported English
Lawn Grass Seed Mixture

comes across the Atlantic in large quanti-
ties every season. It is literally the finest,
straight from its “Native Heath.” It is
thoroughly hardy and grows luxuriantly

in sun or shade.

Directions and information for seeding and making
a perfect lawn, free on application. Just mail us
the measurement of your lawn space describing its
soil and situation.

Barwell’s Agricultural Works

Madison & Sand Sts., Waukegan, Ill.
Established at Leicester, England, in 1800.

“How to Grow
and Market Fruit”

A brand new, thoroughly practical guide
book for master growersor beginners. Covers
soil handling, planting and feeding trees, frost
damage, spraying, pruning, thinning, varie-
ties, packing, marketing and other essentials.

Explains, for instance, all about digging
tree holes, sub-soiling and giving new life to
old trees, with dynamite. Or, tells how to get
full crops of flawless apples every year—and $2
a bushel for them all.

Brief, to the point, but complete; progres-
sive, but thoroughly reliable. Endorsed by
twenty of this country’s foremost fruit men.

Strongly bound, nearly 100 pages, 24 pages of
pictures that show how. Abook to keep. Price
only 50 cents—and that amount returned to
you when you send us a $5 order.

HARRISON’S NURSERIES
Main Avenue Berlin, Maryland

Ten Valuable Farms for Sale

A cluster of bag worms in their winter state

OctoBER, 1911

LANTERNS

WN
fj
pe

Good Light

makes night work easier.
Rayo lanterns give the
most light possible for
the oil used.

Rayo Lanterns will
not blow or jar out.

They are easy to clean.
Easy to fill and light.
Made to stand hard wear.

You can get Rayo Lan-
terns in various sizes,
finishes and styles. Each
is the best you
can buy of its
particular kind.

All Rayo Janterns are
equipped with selected Rayo
giobes, clear, red or green,
as desired, and wicks are
inserted in the burners,
ready to light.

Dealers everywhere ; or
write for descriptive circular
direct to any agency of the

Standard Oil Company

(Incorporated)

Love Me,
Love My Dog

You love your dog be-

cause he is such a faithful
friend and companion,

and you feed hin on—

what? Certainly not on
kitchen scraps and raw meat.
He deserves better treatment

AUSTIN'S
DOG BREAD

makes happy, healthy dogs, It is carefully

made to meet the needs of a dog’s stomach,

If you want your dog to be active and have a

glossy coat and a clear eye, you must give him

Proper food. Careless feeding makes him fat,
logy and generally unhealthy.

Austin’s Dog Bread isthe oldest dog bread made in America. It

agrees perfectly with the dog’s digestion at all seasons of the year.

Everything used in the manufacture is bought especially for it.

Let us Send You aSample, Free

Simply send us your name and address and the name of your
dealer ona postal and state whetber you want to try Austin’s *
Dog Bread or Austin’s Puppy q-
Bread (for puppies under 6 months Look for AUSTIN ,
and emall dogs) and we willsend 9" Every, Cake ¢
you sample by return mail.

You can get Austin’s Dog Bread at your dealer’s.
Ho bas it or can get it for you.
Austin Mog Bread & Animal Food Co.
203 Marginal Street, Chelsea, Mass,

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

For information about popular resorts
wrile lo the Readers’ Service 141

SHERWIN-WILLIAMS
PAINTS €VARNISHES

For staining and varnishing floors and other
surfaces at one operation use S-W FLOORLAC.
It is a combination of stain that is non-fading
and good floor varnish which is tough and
durable and will not show scratches and heel
It preserves to the greatest
extent the natural grain of the wood. Can be
used with equal success on furniture and inside

marks readily.

woodwork where a stain and
than a paint is desired.

varnish rather

Address all inquiries to The Sherwin-Williams Co., 657 Canal Road, N.W., Cleveland, Ohio

SE BEE eS oT ERR Pe

HARDY ROSES

Planted in the fall give best results

My catalogue describes the leading varieties, also
Paeonies, Phlox and Hollyhocks, Send for it.

M. H. WALSH, Rose Specialist

WOODS HOLE, MASSACHUSETTS

HE READERS’ SERVICE gives

information about gardening.

Model Extension
Carnation Support

Endorsed by all the leading growers of the country
as the best support for carnations made.

Repays the cost many times over
in a single season,

Made strong and light of heavy
Galvanized Wire.

Over 3,000,000 in Use
Price 50c per doz., $3.50 per 100

Send for price list and catalogue
of other garden specialties

IGOE BROTHERS

67-71 Metropolitan Avenue, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

1110 SPRING and WINTER-

BLOOMING BULBS for $1.

Each of Early Scarlet Tulips, White Roman Hyacinths, Freesias, Ixias, Sparaxis, Crocus, Lily-of-Valley,

Star-of-Bethlehem,—4o bulbs.

Each of Narcissus Mrs. Langtry, SirWatkin, Princeps, Trumpet Major, Poeticus, Orange Phoenix, Double
1 0 Incomparable,—7o bulbs. The 110 sound well-cured bulbs, in flowering size, sent postpaid to any ad-
dress for $1. 5 each of the Narcissi for so cts. 5 each of any two sorts for 25 cts. Lennie Greenlee, Route1,Old Fort, N.C.

“GOULDS PUMPS.

For Every Service
been making pumps; making .

i i ining ili ith efficiency. >
them with the one idea of combining durability wit g nt
That is why today Goulds pumps are better designed, built Aah
of better material and more accurately machined than any ie

For over sixty years we have

pumps in the world.

Our Free Booklet ‘‘ WATER

SUPPLY FOR THE HOME”

pictures and describes in detail our leading types of pumps, and
gives many valuable suggestions on the subject.
THE GOULDS MANUFACTURING COMPANY

82 W. Fall St.,

sine

Seneca Falls, N. Y.

Refinishing

You should
know the
advantages

of

Interior Finish

most successful of dull finishes. It
imparts the repose of water colors to
any room and gives the service of oil
paint—sets off fine pictures—is adapt-
able to any color scheme, room furnish-
ing or interior surface.

Mellotone appeals to careful house-
keepers because washable — sanitary.
Non-fading—crackproof. Will not peel
or chalk like kalsomine. Costs no
more than desirable wall paper.

Drop us postal for color cards and

“* Harmony in Color;’’ also “‘Common
Sense about Interiors.’”’ Both free.
Or send 25c for “Good Homes by
Good Architects’? showing pleasing
effects obtainable with Mellotone and
other ““Little Blue Flag”’ products.

The Lowe Brothers Company
455 Third Street, Dayton, Ohio
New York Chicago Kansas City
LOWE BROS., Lid., Toronto

Boston

Country Life In America

is all you could desire, if you use

“ECONOMY” GAS

For Lighting, Cooking, Water Heating,

Laundry, etc.

2

“It makes the house a home’

Write today for ““Economy Way”
Economy Gas Machine Co., Rochester, N. Y.

“Economy” Gas is Automatic, Sanitary and Not Poisonous

Whut is a fair rental jor a given
property? Ask the Readers’ Service

AM eli, Gray ID) 18, Ni

protective effect. Paint only forms a covering
which may peel in course of time and which will
later protrude from the cut, thus forming between
the paint and the wood a suitable place for the
development of insects and fungi.

Preserve the fallen leaves. Now that the leaves
are commencing to fall, do not destroy them.
Select some pit in a sequestered part of your place
and throw all the leaves there. Pour some water
on them occasionally and let them decompose into
anaturalhumus. This will prove valuable material
for mulching and fertilizing your trees and shrubs
later in the fall.

Mark the trees to be removed in winter. Now is
also the time to look for dead and crowding trees
and mark them for removal in winter. A dead
tree badly infested with fungus or with destructive
insects, such as the hickory bark borer, should
be removed and burnt immediately. But many
dead trees are not so infested and their removal
can better be postponed till the winter.

Destroy insect eggs, cocoons and larve. The tus-
sock moth, one of the most common leaf-eating
insects, for instance, can now be seen in its egg
state. Where these are present, they are discern-
ible as white masses on the bark of trees with two
to four hundred minute individual eggs to each
cluster. In case of other insects, you might find

The fall is time to do your ‘‘tree
cleaning’’

Cynthia moths.

bags hanging from the twigs or cocoons adhering to
the bark. All these can now be removed and
destroyed. If your sugar maples are subject to
the maple Phenacoccus, a cottony white scale
occurring on the underside of their leaves, you will
now find the insect in woolly white masses on the
trunk of the tree. Now is the time to attack the
insect while it is in this advantageous position on
the bark of the tree. Wash the affected parts of
the bark with kerosene emulsion, using one part of
the standard solution to ten parts of water.

Prepare for spring planting. You might be
contemplating tree planting. Plant in early spring,
but select your material in the nursery now. You
have a wider choice of desirable specimens at this
season and you will probably pay less by coming
in so early. You need not take your plants now.
You can seal your mark on them and have them
kept undisturbed in the nursery until you are ready
to plant in the spring.

New York. J. J. Levison.

Transplanting Bleeding Heart

@ ae of my neighbors has lifted bleeding heart

(Dielytra spectabilis) from the ground in
winter and brought it indoors for forcing. She has
had it in the window at Easter. This plant comes
into flower quickly and remains in bloom a long
time. After blooming, when the leaves have turned
yellow, the clump may be divided. Each piece of
root that has a bud will make a plant. Save all
the odd pieces of root, cut them in three-inch
lengths and plant them in boxes of moist soil;

some of them will take root.—T. B. E.

MAGAZINE

OcrosperR, 1911

Hyacinths, Darwin and other

Tulips, Narcissus and Crocus,
Easter Lilies and Hardy Japan
English,

and Native Lilies.
Spanish and Japan Iris. Free-
sias, Calochortus and Trilliums,
andall other Native and Foreign
Bulbs and Roots in endless
variety.

The Largest Assortment in America

CATALOGUE NOW READY
Mailed free for the asking

J. M. Thorburn & Co.

33 Barclay Street Dept. G New York

=, WRITE FOR BIG ILLUS. FREE BOOKLET

showing our beds and farm and learn how to grow
mushrooms at home in cellars, sheds. stables, boxes.
outdoors, etc. 300 per cent. profit, markets waiting,
We were first. 25 years’ experience. make and sell
best fresh spawn, and teach you our methods free
ES) National Spawn & Mushroom Co.

J =) Dept. 9. Hyde Park, Mass.

Reduce your labor; save your time. Geta

Planet Jr. Potato Digger
Torr catalogue free. Write to-day.
S. L. ALLEN & CO., Box 1108S, Philadelphia, Pa.

PENNSYLVANIA
' Quality LAWN MOWERS

. ane ONLY MAKE WITH CRUCIBLE TOOL-STEEL
BLADES THROUGHOUT

GROW DWAR

APPLE vRers a

Novel, but practical, and intensely interesting. Require little
room. Easily cultivated, pruned and sprayed. Bear fruit earlier
than the standards. Make little shade, permitting other crops to be
grown between the rows. May be trimmed and trained on wireto
grow in almost any shape. Suburbanites, farmers and amateur hor-
ticulturalists alike find pleasure and profit growing Dwarf Apple
Trees. No garden or orchard is now complete without several of
these wonderfully productive trees.

Varieties: Duchess of Oldenburg, yellow, striped red; Winter
Maiden’s Blush, red cheek; Bismarck, red, beautiful; Red As-
trachan, crimson. Plant this Fall and gain a season. Prompt
shipment. Send today for illustrated booklet free.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS
Sp) Sf, Box T
MOORESTOWN, : N. J.
E. Killed by the
MOL Brownie Bean

Send 25 cents for enough beans for small lawn or garden,

or $1.00 for carton containing over 500 beans.

BROWNIE CHEMICAL COMPANY, Bound Brook, N. J.

Ellen Shipman-i@anen Expert
Cornish Hills, New Hampshire

Will make and supervise working plans
and planting of gardens.

Or, for small
gardens, will make suggestions and

sketches by letter. P. O. address,

Plainfield, New Hampshire.

~ ‘ y 1 r nr The Read eS ice will gi
Ocean, 1911 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE fetes’ Service will sive you Are

Use KEROSENE]
Engine FREE!

By STEWART EDWARD WHITE

Amazing “DETROIT” Kerosene Engin: |
shipped on t5 days’ FREE Trial, proves kero |
sene cheapest, safest, most powerful fuel. If
satisfied, pay lowest price ever given on reli-
able farm engine; if not, pay nothing.

Gasoline Going Up!

Automobile owners are burning up so
much gasoline that the world’s supply
is running short. Gasoline is 9c torsc
higher than coal oil. Still going up.
Two pints of coal oil do work of three
pints gasoline. No waste, no evapora-
tion, no explosion from coal oil. Cylinders cannot carbonize

Amazing “DETROIT”

The “DETROIT ” is the only engine that handles coal oil suc-
cessfully ; uses alcoh Jl, gasoline and benzine, too. Staits wi hort cranking.
Basic patent — only three moving parts — no cams —no sprockets — no sears
—no valves —the utmost in simplicity, power and strength. Mounted on
skids. All sizes, 2 to 20 h. p., in stock ready to ship. Complete engne

tested just before crating. Comes all ready to run Pumps, saws threshes,

churns, separates milk, yrin Is feed, shells corn, runs home electric-lizhtins

Baal Bout buy ae eae; camtany pice om z5 dave Eee | I @l Bobby’s first lesson in walking the logs of a lumber
Biden you aren you eiuorood fovwrte, we'wil allow you boom and his awakening to the difference between Celia
ieee cae eri /222) Bellevue) Ave, Detroit, Mich. Carleton and other despised “ girls *’ is as charming a bit of

story-telling as has been done in a long while. This is Mr.
White’s first book for younger readers, and yet, with all its
youthful appeal, there is a grown-up viewpoint which is
quite irresistible. It has all the magic of the out-of-doors
In its pages.

The

Hill’s Hustler

Ash Sifter
Saves Work —

Saves Coal

Sifts a day’s ashes in
a minute without dust.
Soon pays for itself in
saving coal. Fits or-
dinary barrel or iron
can. Ashes drop in
barrel —unburnt coal
rolls into scuttle.
Lasts a_ life-time.
Sold by hardware
dealers everywhere.

wy Write for descriptive
py Folder No.7 -
Z| 21

Illustrated. Fixed Price, $1.20 (postage 12c.)

Hiil-Dryer Co.

i Park Ave.,Wcrcester,Mass.

| OTHER BOOKS BY STEWART EDWARD WHITE

@ These tales give the best broad interpretation of American out-of-door life. They are

adventurous narratives which sound the deep call of the free, wide spaces.
y We Make Sprayers
The Cabin. Illustrated. Fixed Price, . $1.50 The Claim Jumpers, . ; : - $1.50

(postage 15c.) The Westerners, . 3 6 5 - 1.50
The Rules of the Game. Fixed Price, . 1.40 Blazeduleailistene= ar 7 . ED

(postage 15c.) P
The Riven 1.50 The Forest, . . WNet, $1.50 (postage 20c.)

Arizona Nights, ; j . 150 The Mountains, . ‘‘ 1.50 (postage 20c.)
The Blazed Trail, , 1® The Pass, . .- ‘‘ 1.25 (postage 14c.)
The Silent Places, 4 , 1.50 Camp and Trail,. ‘‘ 1.25 (postage 14c.)
Conjurer’s House, 5 Wee} The Mystery (with Sam] Hopkins Adams) 1.50

for Everybody

Bucket, il I

Barrel, 4-Row XA
Potato Sprayers, ,
Power Orchard Rigs, atc.

There’s a field sprayer for ev-
ery need, the world’s best line.

THIS EMPIRE KING

leads everything ofitskind. Throws
fine mist spray with strong force,
no clogging, strainers are brushed
and kept clean and liquid is tnor-
oughly agitated automatically.
SPRAYING CALENDAR FREE
Write for directions and formula.
Also catalog on entire sprayer
line. We have the sprayer to
meet your exact wants. Address

FIELD FORCE PUMP CoO.
48 11th St., Elmira, N.Y.

Pompeian Stone Furniture reproduced from the master-
pieces that have made the Old World gaidens famous,
add a charm to the garden that is a source of con-
tinued delight.

The bench illustrated is on the grounds of Mr. F. H.
Humphreys, Morristown, N. J.

Our Catalogue O of Garden and Hail furniture mailed
on request. Booklet K. “City Back Yards,” will appeal
to city dwellers.

THE ERKINS STUDIOS, Inc.
223 Lexington Ave. NEW YORK CITY
Factory: Astoria, Long Island

durability
characterize the
Galloway produc=
tions.

Send for Catalogue of
Garden Furniture,
owing vases, flower
pots, sun- dials,
benches, etc.

GaALLOwAy IERRA CoTTA (o.
3214 WALNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA.

144 Ti ee einai. THLE G ACRE NENG ee aleNEE, October, 1911

[THREE INTERESTING BIOGRAPHIES

Reminiscences of Gen. Basil W. Duke

q Probably no man alive to-day saw as much cavalry service during the Civil War or had a more varied military
career than General Basil W. Duke of the Confederate Army. He describes the last council of war of the
doomed Confederacy at which he was present, and his custodianship of the Confederate Treasury when it was carried
South from Richmond in carts, shortly before Jefferson Davis was taken prisoner. The work is not merely another
addition to the already monumental mass of Civil War history, but is a series of amusing and entertaining autobi-
ographical reminiscences of a cavalry leader’s active service in the field. It is full of humor, and anecdotes of
famous persons and events. Illustrated. Net, $2.50 (postage 25¢.)

Life of Andrew Jackson By J.S. Bassett, Ph.D.

The authoritative biography of Jackson and the political history of his period. Professor Bassett is the only

biographer or historian who has used the large collection of Jackson letters, lately for the first time made
accessible. This new material has been thoroughly used and many new lights thrown on the character of Jackson
and on the political history of the time. This work, therefore, supersedes all previous treatments of the subject.
Illustrated. 2 vols. Net, $5.00 (postage 5oc.)

Life and Letters of Moses Coit Tyler

=a

ee ee oe
By Jessica Tyler Austin
q Few more interesting figures are to be found in the course of the nineteenth century than that of Moses Coit
Tyler, essayist, clergyman, journalist, lecturer, historian and Professor of American History at Cornell University.
The chapters are trebly delightful for they are as so many windows upon the literary and public life of the most
interesting period of the last century. Illustrated. Net, $2.50 (postage 25c.)

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., GARDEN CITY, N. Y. |

wey KING SPREADER ony

TRY IT Distributes Lime, Ashes, Fertilizers, Bone Meal{ $15.00
as and fine Compost evenly from 100 lbs. to 2 tons to 25.00

acre. In Three sizes, cleans itself. Simple, best 35.00
TAKE made. We prove our confidence by terms. Frei
rel
AGEN ey KING WEEDER CO., Richmond, Va. ght

GET A SAMPLE AT NO MONEY COST PLAN. Paid.

Write today for our

LITTLE BROWN BOOK
about them. It contains information
you should have and a selected list
of best varieties with prices,

PAUL DOVE

(Successor to Henry Saxton Adams)

Wellesley = = Mass.

Hardy Old-Fashioned Garden Flowers

Now is the time to plant Peonies, Phlox, Onental
Poppies, etc. Send for Catalogue and Special list of choice
perennial plants and Everblooming Hybrid-Tea Roses.

WM. TRICKER, Arlington, N. J.
Waer-lilies and Hardy Plans a Spezialy

CABBA GE WOR MS destroyed by dust-
ing with HA MMOND’S SLUG SHOT

So used for 30 years. SOLD BY ALL SEED DEALERS.
For pamphlets worth having write B. HAMMOND, Fishkill-on-Hudson, New York.

Th To the man looking for a home where productive lands, favorable climate and abundant rainfall
e make the best paying farm locations in America, the Southeast is now the unequalled section.
Land from $10.00 to $50.00 an acre near the heart of the country and close to the best markets.
B t F The largest returns from Alfalfa and other hay, wheat, corm and all truck crops. Land unsur-
es arm passed tor live stock and poultry raising and dairying. For fruit growing, no region is more
profitable.

L ti Beef and pork are produced at fromi 3 to 4 centsa pound. Experts say no other section can
oca 10ns compete with the South in stock raising. Our mountain and Piedmont regions will be the most
successfu! dairy districts of the country. As many as 6 crops of Alfalfa a season are harvested.

Other hay crops are also large. Hay brings $12.00 to $22.00 a ton.
The Southeast is rapidly coming to the front as acorn section, Our States will grow 600,000,000 bushels this year, Good

farmers can get the largest yield possible anywhere, as returns prove. The South is the leading section for truck farming of all
kinds, and growers make the largest profits.

The Southeast Has Locations for Every Kind of Farming. 77 7i3ig SoS chigent age

finest results from intelligent agri-
culture, but makes the region unsurpassed as a healthful and pleasant home location. The Southeast is an open Winter country, and its Summers are
enjoyable. You will be able to locate where there are good schools, church facilities, good roads, rural delivery and all other advantages.
The Southern Railway and associated lines will help you to find the location youdesire. Our several publications, free on application, will tell
you about the region where the greatest farm opportunities await you. Address

M. V. RICHARDS, Land and Indus rial Agen, Southern Railway
1322% Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D. C.

KITCHEN BOUQUET]

GIVES A DELICIOUS FLAVOR AND RICH COLOR TO SOUPS, SAUCES, GRAVIES, ETC.

USED BY LEADING CHEFS AND : THE PALISADE MFG.CO
EMINENT TEACHERS OF COOKERY A T85 CLINTON AVE, WEST HOBOKEN.N.J.

Six Different Ways of Growing
Bulbs

BESS are six different ways of starting bulbs

in October. In fact this is the very best
month for planting them, although the Dutch
kinds can often be safely set outdoors as late as
November 15, that is, until there is a danger of the
ground freezing hard before the bulbs have made a
littleroot growth. Three of the methods mentioned
involve indoor culture, the others outdoor garden
effects.

FOR WINTER FLOWERING INDOORS

1. The very simplest way to grow bulbs is by
means of the so-called bulb glasses or vases. It is
only suited, however, to the culture of the Chinese
lilies, Cape bulbs and narcissus, the larger sorts
requiring soil. Occasionally, it is true, hyacinths
make good under this treatment, but in general I
would class them with the larger bulbs that really
need a heavier growing medium than water.

The essential point in this —or in fact in
any — method of growing bulbs, is the develop-
ment of a good root growth before forcing is com-
menced. This root development takes anywhere
from four to ten weeks, depending on the kind of
bulb. Ina bulb glass, the roots will have reached
the bottom and become fairly thick before the
bulbs are ready to produce flowers. Keep the
glasses in a cool, dim, airy place, not an inside, un-
ventilated closet, or a musty, entirely dark cellar.
Keep the vases full, and change the water at least
once a week. A few drops of ammonia added to
it will help, and a small bit of charcoal will tend
to keep the water sweet.

When the roots have formed, bring the vases
into a warmer, light room and continue the same
care. It is not worth while to keep the bulbs after
they have bloomed.

2. An equally easy way and one by which you can
make use of any small dish or jardiniere without
drainage holes, is to substitute for the water a
mixture of sphagnum or other moss, and clean sand,
to which a little charcoal should be added for the
sake of its sweetening effect. Bury the bulbs just
under the surface of this mixture after moistening
it thoroughly. The only special care needed later
is to see that too much water is not added.

It is impossible to get bulbs to flower for Christ-
mas unless they are planted by the first of Septem-
ber. But October-planted ones will fill in the long
dark space between the holidays and Easter.
There are innumerable varieties of lilies, narcissus,
tulips, hyacinth, all the Cape bulbs — freesia,
ixia, sparaxis, oxalis—and others. The fall
catalogues are full of captivating lists and des-
criptions.

3. Any good potting soil will do for bulbs,
although it need not be especially rich, and if there
is any manure included it must be entirely rotted.
Rotted sod, leaf-mold and sand make a good combi-
nation, though the mixture remains practically as
good for bulb growing if simplified by the omis-
sion of the leaf mold.

Either pots or the lower and broader bulb pans
may be used. The former are more often on hand
but the latter are usually more convenient about
the living rooms, being steadier and less conspicu-
ous. The depth to plant and the spacing of the
bulbs can be varied somewhat, although it is good
to follow the old rule that advises the planting of
lilies, as deep as three times their diameter, and
other bulbs one and one-half times their diameter.
As long as the bulbs do not touch one another,
they may be placed fairly close together, according,
of course, to their size and the size of the recep-
tacle.

The earlier the planting is done the better, for
twelve weeks of rest or ‘‘ripening”’ are needed for
most hardy kinds and even the tender Tazetta
varieties of narcissus require at least six weeks.
During this time the pots should be buried in earth,
either in a cool cellar, a coldframe, or in the ground
itself. In any case sufficient loose litter should be
spread on top to effectually prevent the freezing
of the bulbs.

When ready to force the blooms, bring the
pots in to a temperature of about 50 degrees.
There should be no attempt to hurry them, but
plenty of water should be supplied while they are

OcroperR, 1911

Bulbs

Direct from HOLLAND

Hyacinth
Tulips
Narcissus
Crocus

The Giant Darwin Tulips

The finest Tulip grown.
Over 50 named varieties.

Paeonies in great variety from the largest
collection. These and many other vari-
eties of Bulbs are found in our 1911

Autumn Catalogue, mailed free.

Fottler-Fiske-Rawson Co.

Faneuil Hall Square Boston

BULBS
CENTS
—— BARCLAY ST.

Prepaid

The following Collection of well ripened, first size bulbs
contains some of the most popular varieties and may be planted
indoors or outside. ‘This collection of bulbs sold at half the

actual cost price is offered in order
to get you acquainted with our High
Quality Bulbs for Fall Planting.

COST PRICE
6 Dutch Roman Hyacinths .25

/ 6 Single Yeliow Tulips . . .10
6 Single Red Tulips . . . .10

6 Pheasants Eye Narcissus .13

6 Double Yellow Daffodils .14

6 Crocus Mixed ... . .08

6 Spanish Iris . . . . . .10
8Snowdrops. ... .. .10

Cost Price, $1.00
_ Our Special Offer Prepaid, 50 cts.

Catalog of Best Bulbs for House and Garden
Planting free on request.

Sirmpp Galt *° Barcizy

For information regarding railroad and steam- -
AD H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E ship tees write ‘i the Reiger Service 145

Farr’s Hardy Phloxes

The Late Summer Messengers of Cheer

At this season nothing can take the place of the Phloxes, with their
great, hydrangea-like clusters of starry flowers—beautiful wherever you put
them. You have room for some of my Phloxes—if crowded, plant them
among Peonies or Oriental Poppies ; the Phloxes will not be ready until the
other things are gone. They bloom naturally in July and August, but can
be kept back as long as desired by keeping the buds. pinched off.

I have made the Phlox a leading specialty and offer a wonderful group of
standards and novelties numbering about 200 kinds, both tall and dwarf-
growing. ‘The colors are quite beyond description—solid crimson, violet and
white ; dainty tints of mauve, lavender and flesh-pink, touching every hue
save yellow. Phloxes become dormant in
late October, and should be planted then.

Irises, Peonies, Delphiniums, Poppies

—these and many other members of the noble peren-
nial group are included in the great collections for
which Wyomissing Nurseries have become famous. I
pride myself, not on the great number of groups of
plants that I produce here, but on the completeness of
each group—practically nowhere elsecan you find such
a wide range of varieties and colors to choose from.
To you who plan gardens with individualities of their
own, such opportunity for selecting means much.

Farr’s Book of
Hardy Plant Specialties

describing accurately my Phloxes and other hardy
plants, isa practical and beautiful work. Illustrated
from photographs made at W yomissing—many of them
in the full natural colors, cultural directions-—in
many cases made while the plants were in bloom—
make it simply invaluable asa reference work. Your
request will bring it free, if you have a hardy garden
or expect to plant one.

BERTRAND H. FARR, Wyomissing Nurseries

643-D Penn Street, Reading, Pa.
FLOWERING

Last Call OS AAR

Fall forethought prevents the regrets of Spring
after-thought. The season is now present for bulb
planting. We offer both the usual and unusual in
all leading varieties—and assure you delivery of
healthy first size Bulbs.

PLANT NOW

HYACINTHS, Under Color, Red, Pink, White, Blue
60c per doz., $4.50 per 100

TULIPS, Rickards Brothers Special Mixed
25c per doz., $1.50 per 100

NARCISSUS, Finest Trumpet Sorts, Mixed
25c per doz., $1.50 per 100

FOR SPRING

We have just received a consignment of fresh
Dutch Bulbs from Holland, and find it contains
the choicest selection we have ever imported.

If you have yet to complete your planting for an
early spring garden—don’t delay longer. Send for
our Fall Catalogue and price list. We have what
you should have.

BRIDGEMAN’S SEED WARE HOUSE

RICKARDS BROS., Props. 37 East 19th Street, N. Y. City.

The Readers’ Service gives
146 information about insurance

The Byzantine Wonder Lily

In Bloom. (From a Photo.)

This bulb blooms without either soil
or water.

Color of flowers is of an exquisite blush
rose to rosy lilac.

Golden Stamens in the chalix of each
flower, emitting a delicate, faint fragrance.

Each bulb, according to size, bears
from to to 15 flowers. MONSTER bulbs
from 12 to 20. Where these bulbs are
wanted to bloom for Thanksgiving or
Christmas, send in your order NOW
and we will keep the bulbs RETARDED
for you, and ship them at proper time.

FULL DIRECTIONS how to treat
the bulb with EVERY order.

LARGE Bulbs, ea. r5c; 3 for 40c; doz , $1.50; 100, $10.00
MONSTER “ ea. 25c; 3 tor 70c; doz., 2.75; 50, $6.00

Prices Include Delivery

Byzantine Aurora

is a newly found species of

the same type, but the flow-

ers are LARGER, borne on
longer stems and of a brilliant
deep Carmine Rose, a wonder-
ful COMPANION piece to the
Byzantine.

Each 30c; 3 for 75c.; dozen for $2.75.

October
is the MONTH for planting your GARDEN.

For October we offer SPECIAL Hardy Bulbs

Price Including Delivery

12 Dutch Hyacinths. your choice of color
25 Single Tulips ms Coe was
25 Double Tulips
25 DARWIN (May flowering Tulips)
12 Trumpet Narcissus

12 Double Daffodils

20 Narcissus Poeticus

20 Jonquils

20 Narcissus Alba fl. pleno

too Crocus (your choice of color)

30 Single Giant Snowdrops

25 Mixed Ranunculus

25 Grape Hyacinths

25 Scilla Sibirica

25 Anemone Single and Double

400 HARDY BULBS for only $5.00; half
the collection, $2.75; one quarter collec-
tion, $1.50.

Send for Catalogue. It is Free.

H. H. Berger & Co.

70 Warren Street, New York

cc ce “ce “ec

developing. Later, when they are well started,
the temperature can be raised gradually to about
65 degrees.

FALL PLANTING FOR SPRING EFFECTS

4. The first kind of outdoor bulb planting is usu-
ally restricted to tulips, which are arranged symme-
trically in solid beds and masses of color, giving for-
mal effects. Especial care is here necessary in order
to get the bulbs at the same depth, in order that they
will all develop uniformly and flower at the same
height and the same time. The deeper the plant-
ing the more the blooming is delayed.

You may either excavate to a certain depth and
place the bulbs at measured distances all over the
level surface thus prepared, then fill in the soil
on top of them; or you may mark out the plan on the
surface of the soi! with some mechanical device and
set the bulbs at the required depth with the help
of a dibble equipped with an adjustable guard to
prevent the point going too deep.

The best soil for all bulbs is a light, moderately
rich, but well drained, loam. If possible have
the manure worked into it some time before you
are ready to plant, that there may be no possibility
of unrotted manure coming in contact with the
roots of the plants. In any but good, light soils
provide some sort of drainage, either sand or some
coarser gravel.

5. Again, bulbs may be planted in the garden
borders, and this holds good for all the hardy spe-
cies. Ordinarily they are distributed in small
clumps at regular or irregular intervals along the
border. In this case we aim at just the opposite
result from that mentioned above, i. e., uniformicy
of flowering. Therefore we will get the best results
by slightly varying the depths at which we set the
bulbs.

It is often impracticable to provide drainage
material beneath an already established border.
To prevent the rotting of the bulbs you should
therefore surround them with sand when planting
them. After making a hole with the dibble a little
deeper than you wish the bulb to remain, pour in
half a handful of clean sharp sand; drop in the
bulb, add the rest of the handful of sand, and fill
in with soil.

Finally, bulbs may be naturalized in the grass,
along streams, in the lawn, or in front of shrubbery.
Oftentimes this produces the most beautiful effects
of all, besides having the advantage of obviating
any further care except winter protection and the
thinning and replanting of the bulbs after several
years. In this method the chief aim is a natural
appearance. There are two good ways of achieving
it; you may drop a handful of bulbs at any desired
spot, then plant each one at the spot to which it
rolls; or, better yet, work out a natural massing
by strewing the bulbs in the direction of the pre-
vailing wind, locating here and there main colonies,
with smaller masses trailing away as if carried
by the wind.

There are no special precautions to be taken in
planting bulbs in this manner. But as in all other
cases of outdoor planting, protection must be af-
forded during the winter. Cover the plantings
with a couple of inches of hay, coarse manure or
leaves, but only after the surface of the ground has
frozen. The mulch must be removed early in the
spring in order that the first growth of the bulbs
will be strong and stocky. If late frosts seem dan-
gerous, cover the plants loosely over night. The
tops of bulbs planted about the lawn may be mowed
when the lawn is cut; in borders and beds, however,
they should be left to die, when the bulbs them-
selves can be removed usually early in July,
or in June.

It sometimes is desirable to keep track of the
various plantings and the more common method
is by means of labels. But a much neater, and
even more businesslike way is to keep a plan or
map of the garden and lawn on which the varieties
and species can be located accurately.

As a suggestion as to the great variety that can
be obtained by naturalizing bulbs, I might mention
the following as a few of those that can be used:
Snowdrop, glory-of-the-snow, scilla, winter aconite,
crocus, daffodil, narcissus, tulip; and of the many
lilies that are available, the following, as being
especially useful: candidum, speciosum, tigrinum,
auratum, longifolium, Canadense, etc.

New York. E. L. D. SEymovr.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

OctospeEeR, 1911

The Most
Comfortable
Men’s Garter

Made

PAD

50 cents
Lisle
25 cents

/ Boston Garter
holds up the half-hose
as smooth as your skin.
Worn ALL-THE-YEAR
ROUND with any length
J drawers. Look for “‘Boston Gar-
ter and “Velvet Grip” stamped on
the clasp, and our exclusive moulded
Rubber Button. Guaranteed against [7
@ imperfections. Sold in stores everywhere. |,
Sample pairsent postpaid on receiptof price.
GEORGE FROST Co., MAKERS, BOSTON.

At that Curve in theDrive

You need something special to emphasize the beauty of
that particular part of the lawn. Nothing is more suitable
than a well-developed evergreen—preferably a conifer, where
sturdy, substantial outlines remain prominent the whole
year through.

Only a specimen tree can answer in such a location; and
specimen trees can be had only from growers who take pains
producing them. P. J. Berckmans Company are specimen
evergreen specialists. Every tree is grown individually;
started in a pot, transplanted frequently to produce lots of
roots, and sheared constantly to make solid growth.

Plant a Berckmans’
Specimen Conifer

and you get a fine showing from the first. Their early devel-
opment is made in our favorable soil and mild, genial climate
where growth continues al! winter. Our stock includes all
the standards and also many rare sorts, including the famous
Berckmans’ Golden Arbor Vitae, a most interesting specimen.
Many of our evergreens are entirely hardy.

Our Free Catalogue

describes our evergreens, the most com-
plete line ‘in the South—as well as our

Landscape shude trees, vines, shrubs and roses, apd
Department, ruLbitrees and plants. Though located
207 . outh, we produce many trees and plants
B ‘rermunal for far Northern climates—so, wherever

uuding you live, you'll be interested in our

book. Free, if you expect to plant

this year.

P. J. BERCKMANS CO., INC.

Hi Fruitland Nurseries
tM, Boxi070B, Augusta,

Gives Georgia.

—_ min

HED CAVITY _}
FACTORY PARK

Manufacturers Who Figure on Costs of Production
Ought to Know the Value of the Trees

They know what it means in dollars and cents to wait on development. They tie up thousands of dollars in
raw material to be used at some future time. They realize the importance of protecting such material from the
ravages of time or from injury or accident. They ought also to know that when nature has Spent years in building

familiar with the work of real experts.
an estate which has on it a number of fine trees.

Any One Can
Grow Mushrooms

and protected.

to speak.

Delightful Occupation — Delicious Delicacy for
the Home Table anda Good Income if You Wish

HAVE shown thousands of men
and women how to grow mush-
rooms successfully. Most ali of
them are now in the business growing
for profit and making a good income
without interfering with their regular
occupation with this wonderful, easy,
pleasant pastime. I hope soon thata
mushroom bed will be as common as
vegetable gardens.
Growing mushrooms is reaily no
more difficult than growing radishes.
It’s just a matter of knowing how.
Every failure in the mushroom busi-
ness can be traced to poor spawn
and unreliable information
I have been in the business for
over fourteen years. I prob-

ably know more about the subject of
mushroom culture than any one else
in America. From a start with a few
dollars capital I built up the largest
mushroom farm in America, with acres
of bed space in cultivation. By actual
experience I have learned just how
mushrooms can be grown and what’s
even more important, how they can
not be grown.

I Will Tell You How

I have written a little book which
gives truthful, reliable, experienced
information about mushroom culture,
where mushrooms can be grown, how
to have a mushroom bed in your cel-
lar, etc. It also tells about spawn
and how to secure really reli-
able spawn. I shall gladly
send you this book FREE.

Tf you have never tried mush-
room growing, or if you have tried
and failed because of the causes of
which I have spoken, write for my
free book in which will show you
beyond the shadow of a doubt
that you can havea fine mushroom
bed. Address

A. V. JACKSON
Jackson Mushroom

Farm
6242 North Western Avenue
CHICAGO, ILL.

a tree, when she has taken the raw material from the soil and the sunshine and tured it into a finished
product of root and trunk and branch, that it is an asset which ought to be looked after and guarded

Trees Are a Manufactured Product

Nature’s great factory—the most stupendous and wonderful “plant” of them all—has been making trees for centuries.

Their value depends upon their health and physical condition. They require care and
attention—need to be treated when they are injured, ministered unto when they are sick, protected at all times from the
ravages of their enemies. Otherwise their value diminishes—they cease to be an asset and become a liability, so

The Davey Tree Experts Apply Scientific
Efficiency Methods to the Care of Trees

Trainea under the direction of John Davey “ Father of Tree Surgery ”’ they operate by the scientific
system worked out by him through years of patient toil and study among the trees. They save trees
that have been injured, prevent decay, cure disease, and give life and health to trees that are not thriv-
ing. They understand tree life, and the enemies that prey upon trees, and their services are inex} en-
sive in comparison with the value of their work.

And trees are not indestructible.

A Responsible Business Organization
Controls the Davey Tree Expert
Work — Write for Details

The work of the Davey Tree Experts is guaranteed as to
quality. Whether or not you have had experience with tree
butchers or irresponsible tree men, you are invited to become
Booklets giving full information will he mailed free to anyone having
Write today—it is possible that we can arrange to have your
trees inspected within a short time without expense to you and without placing you under obligation.

THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO., Inc., 1510 Oak St., KENT, OHIO

(Operating the Davey Institute of
Tree Surgery)

Otiver Cu1ritep PlowWorks
oF SouTH Benp, INp.
South Bend, Ind., Feb. 4, 1911

Will say that the trees treated
by your experts are doing nicely,
and I consider the treatment a
success. One fine tree in par-

ticular would have been a total
loss had it not been treated,
but now it is healing over. and
apparently is in good, healthy
condition.

Very truly yours,

J. D. OLIVER.

sii ni a
Deedee

wore

LARGE TREES ?’’

This question has been asked so often recently that we consider it worthy of
reply through our advertising. We do grow and sel! plants, shrubs and trees
in smaller sizes than those we recommend for landscapes without waiting.
While we believe it is better— and cheaper in the end — as a general thing, to
buy the larger sizes, we are always glad to supply purchasers whose desires or
requirements may indicate the less mature specimens that we have in large
quantities. Large, ‘‘ immediate effect’’ trees, of the kind that are our great
specialty, require such treatment in the nursery as to make those of smaller size,
grown at the same time, of greater value and vigor than the product in the
same size of nurseries that do not specialize in big trees.

We Have a Fine Stock of Trees Three to Six Inches in Diameter

Sturdy, thrifty fellows, that will satisfy and surprise you by the way in which they get down to bus-
iness when planted under any ordinarily good conditions. The picture herewith illustrates trees of
about this size, to the left, while it shows our larger specimens at the right. Now is a mighty good
time to buy these three- to six-inch trees— which we have in most all the standard kinds that can be
depended upon in this section. Write us today about your planting needs, and we'll gladly tell
you just how well prepared we are at Glenview Nurseries to take care of these.

Handsome book, “ Landscapes Without Waiting,’ explaining many points in land-
scaping and tree planting. will be sent free on application to any home owner within
500 miles of Chicago. To others, 50 cents, which will be rebated on first order.

SWAIN NELSON & SONS CO.., 899 Marquette Bldg., Chicago, Hl.

HENDERSON S SUPERIOR BULBS

FOR FALL

From Holland, Great Britain,

The greatest selection of varieties and
Good old standards and magnificent
Crocus Lilies, Iris, Peonies, and a

If you want Beautiful Bulbous Flowers

In your house this winter, or
in your garden next Spring

You must plant the bulbs this fall!

a is a peculiar charm and interest in
growing Bulbs. They produce flowers of
remarkable beauty, unsurpassed by any other
class of plants in the floral kingdom, and
many are delightfully fragrant. In form,
size and colorings there is endless variety,
and besides bulbs are adaptable for so
many purposes, many of them flower
equally well grown either in the garden
or house, and not the least among the
merits of Bulbs is their ease of culture.
The certainty and perfection with
which their flowers are produced and the
remarkably short time required to bring
them into bloom under artificial con-
ditions; but

THERE IS A BIG DIFFERENCE
IN THE QUALITY OF BULBS!

CE RIRICIN Bulbs —the pick of the
crops—are largely consumed by
critical European buyers, the “seconds”
and “substitutes” being too often palmed
off on less critical American dealers. We
insist —with a penalty attached — on
being supplied with the same high grade —
true to name—varieties that the English,
Germans, and Russians get, and we see
that we get this superior grade by personally
conducted trials.

Henderson’s Superior Bulbs

therefore cost a little more than inferior grades, but
our customers appreciate the difference.

Henderson’s Fall

Plants, Seeds and Seasonable Requisites mailed

It is the most beautiful and

PLANTING

France, Italy, Asia, Japan, etc. .

the highest quality imported into America.
novelties. Hyacinths, Tulips, Daffodils,
host of other Bulbous Beauties.

Henderson’s Autumn Catalogue

Bulbs, Plants and Seeds
For Autumn Planting

Revolutionizes Bulb Offerings in America

OST of us have been deprived of the
better varieties of Flower Bulbs on
account of their high price. The splendid,
strong constitutioned, newer sorts do cost
a little more than decadent old kinds, and
heretofore to t if greater value 25% ad
valorem duty has ‘been exacted by the
U.S. Customs, thu Ssmaking the selling
price almost p itive. The present
specific duty —so much per 1,000 re-
gardless of high or low foreign cost —
brings the preferred choice varieties
down so that “‘the best” may now be
enjoyed in America. Taking advan-
tage of these improved conditions, we
have excluded from our importations
many obsolete varieties and added their
more beautiful and robust successors.
For instance, our important revisions
include:
35 New Hyacinths, 38 New Early Tulips,
22 New Daffodils,
and a host of grand new things among the
aristocrats of tvlipdom —the Giant Dar-
wins, Cottagers, Rembrandts, etc. In Japan
and German Iris we offer an entire new
series of the improved large flowering sorts.
In Peonies we } ve 40 of the world’s best
modern kinds, perfect revelations of beauty.
We have the new hybrid pink and other colored
Freesias; also new Butterfly Cyclamens, Fortin’s

Giant Lily of the Valley, the African white
Watsonia and a host of other good new things all
of which are described and photographically illus-
trated in

Catalogue of Eulbs

Free to those mentioning The Garden Magazine
instructive Fall Catalogue published

PETER HENDERSON &C2.

35 € 37 CORTLANDT ST.,

NEW YORK.

THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, N. Y.

Se ee ee ae ee re

a ee

~ Sa

ie

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World’s Choicest

Nursery and Greenhouse Products

AUTUMN PLANTING AND INTERIOR DECORATION

The proper way to buy is to see the material growing.
invite everybody interested in improving their grounds to visit us.

We shall gladly give our time and attention to all intending purchasers visiting our Nursery and
Our Nursery consists of upward of 300 acres of highly cultivated land, and is planted with

a choice selection of Ornamental Nursery Products, placing us in a position to complete plantings and fill orders of any size.

EVERGREENS AND CONIFERS IN TUBS, for interior and exterior
decoration. More than 75 acres of our Nursery are planted with handsome
specimens. Our plants are worth traveling any distance to see.

DECIDUOUS TREES AND SHRUBS. Many acres of our Nursery are
planted with several hundred thousand trees and shrubs. It is worth while
to visit us and inspect them.

HARDY OLD FASHIONED PLANTS. We have thousands of rare, new
and old-fashioned kinds. Our Hardy Plant Grounds are especially in-
teresting at this time. Special prices on quantities.

RHODODENDRONS. Many thousands of acclimated plants in Hardy
English and American varieties are growing in our Nursery. ‘These can
be planted at this time in Southern and Far Western States.

HEDGE PLANTS. We grow a large quantity of California Privet, Ber-
beris and other shrubs for hedges.

HARDY TRAILING AND CLIMBING VINES.

every place and purpose. Ask for special list.

C@UR NEW GIANT FLOWERING MARSH MALLOW.

We have them for

_ Everybody should be interested in this Hardy New Fashioned Flower.
everywhere, and when in bloom is the Queen of Flowers in the garden.

BOXWOOD IN TUBS. We grow thousands of plants in many shapes
and sizes. Everybody loves the rich green color and delicate aroma of
old-fashioned Boxwood.

BAY TREES, DECORATIVE PLANTS FOR CONSERVATORIES,
interior and exterior decorations are grown in our 250,000 square feet
of greenhouses.

PALMS. We grow Kentias, Phoenix, Dracaena, in quantities, and a
variety of beautiful plants for house and greenhouse decoration. Don’t
fail to walk through our greenhouses when visiting our Nursery.

BULBS AND ROOTS. We import quantities of Bulbs and Roots from
Japan, Holland, and other parts of Europe. Our Special Autumn Bulb
Catalogue will be mailed upon request.

POT-GROWN STRAWBERRIES. French Four Season, and all other
leading varieties. Ask for special list.

PLANT TUBS AND WINDOW BOXES. We manufacture every shape

and size.

It will grow
Blooms from the early part of July until the latter part of September,

OUR ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOGUE No. 25 will tell you about the above and all our other products for decorating Lawns and Gardens.
We Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Everywhere
THE GENERAL SUPERVISION OF PUBLIC GROUNDS AND PRIVATE ESTATES A SPECIALTY
WE CAN MAKE OLD GARDENS NEW AND NEW GARDENS OLD WITH OUR “WORLD’S CHOICEST NURSERY PRODUCTS”
VISITORS, take Erie Railroad to Carlton Hill, second stop on Main Line, 3 minutes’ walk to Nursery.

BOBBINK & ATKINS

Nurserymen, Florists and Planters

FINEST NEW DAHLIAS
direct from HOLLAND

Last Spring we sold a large quantity of the latest
Dahlia creations to American flower lovers. In addition
we brought over a quantity of the leading new
varieties and planted them in our own grounds,
outside Philadelphia, acclimating them to soil and
climate.

Orders are being taken now for Dahlias for
Spring delivery, either on the basis of direct impor-
tation or of furnishing the acclimated plants from
our Woodmont, Pa., nurseries. Among the varie-
ties are the following

WONDERFUL NEW DAHLIAS

introduced by us

The new decorative Dahlia PRINCESS
JULIANA. Received an award of merit, R.H.S., :
London, 1910, and a first-class certificate, Amster- PRINCESS JULIANA
dam, 1909. Pure white, perfect flowers, with long, strong stems (cut flowers last
three or four days in water) dark green foliage and robust growers. Unquestiona-
bly the finest decorative Dahlia ever introduced. $1.50 each.

Our New Dwarf Paeony Dahlias. The ideal bedding plant, 20 inches hich,
literally covered with Paeony Dahlias of the finest sorts for cutting purposes.
6o0.c each, $5.00 per dozen.

Dwarf Mignon Dahlias. A brand new strain of very dwarf habit (15 inches
high); producing an early profusion of well formed single flowers. Blooms from
June until frost. Received five first-class certificates and five awards of merit, both
as a breeding and cutting plant, at Amsterdam. Strong field-grown tubers, 75.¢
each, $3.50 for six.

Send for a copy of our Dahlia leaflet, listing the finest new Dahlia introductions
of Europe. Order early, for Spring delivery,before acclimated stock is exhausted.

Gt. van Waveren and Kruijff, American Branch House, 527 Bourse Bldg.
LOUIS BERGER, Mer. Philadelphia, Pa.,U S. A.
HOME OFFICES and NURSERIES: SASSENHEIM, (HAARLEM), HOLLAND
OTHER BRANCHES: Moscow, Russia; Leipsic, Germany; Buenos Ayres, Argentine Republic;
London, England; Guteburg, Sweden.

Last Call

RUTHERFORD, N. J.

FOR SPRING
FLOWERING

BULBS

Fall forethought prevents the regrets of
Spring after-thought. The season is now pres-
ent for bulb planting. We offer both the usual
and unusual in all leading varieties—and assure
you delivery of healthy first size Bulbs.

PLANT NOW:

HYACINTHS, Under Color, Red, Pink, White, Blue
60c per doz., $4.50 per 100

TULIPS, Rickards Brothers Special Mixed
25c per doz., $1.50 per 100

NARCISSUS, Finest Trumpet Sorts, Mixed
25c per doz., $1.50 per 100
We have just received a consignment of fresh
Dutch Bulbs from Holland, and find it contains
the choicest selection we have ever imported.

If you have yet to complete your planting for
an early spring garden —don’t delay longer.
Send for our Fall Catalogue and price list. We
have what you should have.

BRIDGEMAN’S SEED WARE HOUSE

RICKARDS BROS., Props. 37 East 19th Street, N. Y. City.

NOVEMBER, 1911 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 151

“To business that we love we rise betime
And go to ’t with delight.”—<A xtony and Cleopatra

The News of the Month

The Fall Issues of Country Life in America for November rst and November rsth represent one of the
most delightful seasons of the whole year, and all readers of the GARDEN MAGAZINE are advised to get and read these
numbers. 25c. at the news-stands. $4.00 a year.

Late Deliveries of the Magazines. The Post Office Department is trying out a new plan of handling
magazines by fast freight instead of fast mail trains. It may be that the delivery of your magazine will be a little
delayed. We are mailing as early as possible, and hope that there will be no appreciable delay.

Mrs. Humphry Ward’s New Novel is issued October 26th. We think it the best she has ever written, and
many critics have so expressed themselves. The title of the new book is “The Case of Richard Meynell.”

The World’s Work and the New Binding. You don’t have to hold the book open by main force. It is
not wired together by a staple, but lies open in the hand like a well bound book. It is a vastly interesting magazine made
for live people who do things.

The Children’s Library of Work and Play is our great fall success. It has taken several years to prepare
this set, and it has been welcomed by the best authorities because it develops the hand as well as the brain of young
people —a wonderful and entertaining working out of the manual training principle. A full description on request. Ask
for the Library of Work and Play pamphlet. It is in itself very interesting.

The New Magazine Subscription Bureau. Since we moved to Garden City we have opened a depart-
ment for the handling of subscriptions for all magazines, in club with or without our own publications. This is for the
convenience of our 200,000 customers, so that a reader can send the order forall his magazines to us and they will be filled
at the lowest prices obtainable anywhere and transferred to the other publishers within twenty-four hours after receipt.
We have issued a catalogue for your convenience; a postal will bring it.

The Country Life Press is open to visitors. You will be made welcome and a guide provided to show you
over the building and grounds.

An Aeroplane Mail. During the week of September 25-October 1, we sent mail via aeroplane from the Avia-
tion Field of the Garden City Estates. This is the first air route ever established by the U. S. Post Office and each letter
was marked Aeroplane Route Number 1. We try to keep up to time in Garden City.

DiC Wi D Awe AG hc COMPANY, GARDEN City, L. Il., NEw. YorK

New York: 11 West 32nd Street Boston: Tremont Building Cuicaco: Peoples’ Gas Building

152 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

NovEMBER, 1911

To Bookland

ITH the return of the days when a book and a fire become increasingly alluring,
we are glad to write down the names of many old friends in whose pages you
have often found pleasure and profit.
volumes about which we have enthusiastic convictions.

There are new names, too, affixed to
Old and new, we think you will

find many interesting things in the following announcement of fall publications.

Specially Illustrated Gift Books

Siegfried and Gotterdammerung

(Companion volume to ‘‘ Rheingold and Valkyrie.’’) Beautifully illustrated
in full colors and black and white by ARTHUR RACKHAM. Boxed,
net, $5.00. Edition de Luxe limited to 100 Copies, net, $15.00 (postage 30c.)

One Hundred Masterpieces

By JOHN La FARGE. A treasure-house of the world’s greatest paint-
ings. One hundred and twelve full-page illustrations. Net, $5.00
(postage 30c.)

Grimm’s Fairy Tales

Illustrated by ARTHUR RACKHAM. A new and popular edition of
these tales which have brought such sheer delight to the young of all ages.
‘Twelve pages in fullcolors. Net, $1.50 (postage 15c.)

Adventures in Friendship

Adventures in Contentment

By DAVID GRAYSON. New Leather Edition. ‘Two volumes of
heart’s-ease for city-tired folk. Uniformly bound in flexible leather and
illustrated in full colors and in black and white by Thomas F. Fogarty.
Boxed, each $1.50 (postage 15c.)

Christmas Books
The Gift of the Wise Men

By O. HENRY. Special edition of this charming Christmas tale. Illus-
trated in colors and decorated by Charles M. Relyea. Fixed price, 50 cents
(postage 8c.)

On Christmas Day in the Morning
On Christmas Day in the Evening

By GRACE S. RICHMOND. New Leather Edition. ‘Two of the most
popular Holiday books issued in a long time. Illustrated in full colors by
Charles M. Relyea. Leather, each fixed price, $1.00. Boards, each
fixed price 50 cents (postage 8c.)

he Boy Who Brought Christmas

By ALICE MORGAN. A story with that elusive Holiday Spirit in
every page. Uniform with the Richmond books. Illustrated in colors by
John Edwin Jackson. Fixed price, 50 cents (postage 8c.)

Novels

The Harvester

By GENE STRATTON-PORTER. Author of ‘‘ Freckles’’ and “‘A
Girl of the Limberlost.’? Illustrated in colors. Decorated Wrapper and
Lining-pages. Fixed price, $1.35 (postage 12c.)

The Case of Richard Meynell

By MRS. HUMPHRY WARD.
price, $1.35 (postage 12c.)

The Last Galley
By A. CONAN DOYLE. A new volume of tales by the creator of
“Sherlock Holmes.’’ Frontispiece. Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12c.)

The Miller of Old Church

By ELLEN GLASGOW. Author of “ The Romance of a Plain Man,’
etc. Decorated wrapper. Fixed price, $1.35 (postage 12c.)

Six photogravure illustrations. Fixed

Margery
By E. F. BENSON. Author of ‘‘ The Osbornes,’”’ etc. Fixed price,
$1.20 (postage 12c.)

The Composer

By AGNES and EGERTON CASTLE. Authors of ‘“Panther’s Cub,”
ete. Illustrated. Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12c.)

The Boss of Wind River

By A. M. CHISHOLM. A tale of the logging country. Illustrated in
colors. Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12c.)

The Taming of John Blunt

By ALFRED OLLIVANT. Author of ‘‘Bob, Son of Battle.’ Fixed
price, $1.20 (postage 12c.)

The Transformation of Krag

By EUGENE P. LYLE, Jr. Author of ‘‘The Missourian,’ etc. Frontis-
piece. Fixed price, $1. 20 (postage 12c.)

An Enemy to Society

By GEORGE BRONSON-HOWARD. A romance of New York of
yesterday and to-day. Illustrated. Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12c.)

A Venture in Identity
By LUCILE HOUGHTON. Frontispiece.
age 10c.)

Cicely

By SARA BEAUMONT KENNEDY. Frontispiece. Fixed price,
$1.20 (postage 12c.)

Joey the Dreamer
By HENRY OYEN. Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12c.)

Strawberry Acres

By GRACE S. RICHMOND. Author of ‘‘Red Pepper Burns,’’ etc.
Illustrated. Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12c.)

Fixed price, 75 cents (post-

NovemMBER, 1911

A Gateway

Wit and Humor

Sixes and Sevens

By O. HENRY. Author of ‘‘ The Four Million,’’ etc. Fixed price, $1.20
(postage 12c.)

Abe and Mawruss

By MONTAGUE GLASS. Being Further Adventures of Potash &
Perlmutter. Illustrated. Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12c.)

The Adventures of A Suburbanite
By ELLIS PARKER BUTLER. Author of ‘‘ Pigs ts Pigs,’’ ‘‘ Water
Goats and Other Troubles.’’ Illustrated. Fixed price, 50 cents (postage 8c.)
Tobogganing on Parnassus
By FRANKLIN P. ADAMS. A volume of verses which are genuine
joy-rides on the slopes of the gods. Net, 50 cents (postage 8c.)
Abe Martin’s Almanac

By KIN HUBBARD. A lineal descendant of Artemus Ward and Josh
Billings. Net, $1.00 (postage 10c.)

Juvenile
Shakespeare a Child Can Read and Act

Edited by BEN GREET, the foremost dramatic authority upon Elizabethan
classics. Beautifully illustrated in colors and black and white by Frances
Rogers. Diagrams and stage directions by Ben Greet. Net, $1.20 (post-
age 12c.)

The Talking Beasts

By KATE DOUGLAS WIGGIN and NORA ARCHIBALD
SMITH. A book of Fable Wisdom for Children. A new volume in
““The Crimson Classics Series.’? Illustrated. Net, $1.25 (postage 12c.)

The Adventures of Bobby Orde

By STEWART EDWARD WHITE. Author of ‘‘The Rules of the
Game,’’ etc. A story of Bobby, son of ‘‘ The Riverman.’’ I]lustrated.
Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12c.)

Further Adventures of Nils
By SELMA LAGERLOF. Translated by Velma Swanston Howard.
Being a sequal to ‘‘ The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.’’ Illustrated.
Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12c.)

Boy Scouts of America

Official Handbook authorized by the National Council of the Boy Scouts of
America. Paper, net, 25 cents. Cloth, net, 50 cents (postage 8c.)

Wild Animals Every Child Should Know

By JULIA ELLEN ROGERS. Author of ‘‘Earth and Sky E. C.S.K.’’
“The Tree Boock,’’ etc. A new volume in the ‘‘ Every Child Should
Know ”’ Series. Illustrated. Net, $1.20 (postage 12c.)

The Forester’s Manual

By ERNEST THOMPSON SETON. Author of ‘‘Relfin the Woods.’’
A thorough guide to the trees of Eastern North America. Illustrated.
Paper, net, 50 cents. Cloth, Net, $1.00 (postage 10c.)

Rolf in the Woods

By ERNEST THOMPSON SETON, Chief Scout of the Boy Scouts of
America. Author of ‘‘Two Little Savages,’’ etc. Full page illustrations
and many marginal drawings by the author. Fixed price $1.75 (postage 15c.)

The House of — — —

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 153

To Bookland

The Ride of the Abernathy Boys
By MILES ABERNATHY. An idea! book for boys. Illustrated.
Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12c.)

The Pleasant Hour Series. I. An Hour With the Fairies

(From the Crimson Classics Series’’). By KATE DOUGLAS WIGGIN
and NORA ARCHIBALD SMITH. Ideal readings for children at
home or travelling. Net, 25 cents (postage 8c.)

History and Biography
A History of England

By RUDYARD KIPLING and C. R. L. FLETCHER. Containing
a score of new poems by Mr. Kipling. [Illustrations in full colors, 12 in
black and white and 8 maps. Net, $1.80 (postage 18c.)

Many Celebrities and a Few Others
By WILLIAM H. RIDEING. A bundle of reminiscences of the best-
known names of the past half century. Illustrated. Net, $2.50 (postage 25c.)
Reminiscences of Gen. Basil W. Duke

A cavalry leader’s recollections of famous persons and events of the Civil
War. Frontispiece. Net, $2.50 (postage 25c.)

Life of Andrew Jackson

By JOHN SPENCER BASSETT, Ph. D. Based upon hitherto un-
published documents. Illustrated. 2 vols. Boxed, net, $5.00 (postage 50c.)

Life and Letters of Moses Coit Tyler
By JESSICA TYLER AUSTEN. A story of a prominent American
and Professor of American History in Cornell University. Illustrated.
Net, $2.50 (postage 25c.)

My Larger Education

Being Chapters from My Personal Experiences. By BOOKER T.
WASHINGTON. Illustrated. Net, $1.50 (postage 15c.)

Miscellaneous
The Richer Life

By WALTER A. DYER. Author of ‘‘ The Lure of the Antique,”
Being a Lay Preachment for Every-day Folk. Decorated. Net, $1.00
(postage 10c.) Leather, net, $1.50.

Songs of the Road

By A: CONAN DOYLE. Author of ‘‘ Sherlock Holmes.’’ A volume
of verse upon many themes. Net, $1.00 (postage 10c.)

The Magic of Dress

By GRACE MARGARET GOULD. Editor of Fashions for the
“Woman's Home Companion.’’? A volume upon the art of dressing well.
Illustrated. Net, $1.00 (postage 10c.)

We and Our Children
By WOODS HUTCHINSON, M. D. An invaluable book for all who
have children. Net, $1.20 (postage 12c.)

The Call of the Carpenter

By BOUCK WHITE. Author of ‘‘ The Book of Daniel Drew.’ A
new version of the message of Christ to modern society. Frontispiece.
Net, $1.20 (postage 12c.)

Going abroad? Routes, time-tables, and all sorts of
154 ialormalion obtained through the Readers’ Service T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N KE NOVEMBER , 1911

Order Your Trees and Plants Now

We will see that they arrive at proper time for planting

October and November are the best months to plant many Trees,
Shrubs, Peonies, Phlox, etc. In fact, Fall is the only time to plant many
varieties. Every kind of plant has a time and requires conditions most
favorable for transplanting: e. g. Jap. Iris requires spring planting in a
sunny location, in moist ground on which water does not stand. Meet
these conditions and you succeed. We are as anxious as our customers
for their success and therefore supplement the catalogue in every way in
our power for those who send their problems early.

Rosedale Stock Has An Enviable Reputation

Of 350 trees shipped to one customer not a tree failed; of
300 sent to another only one failed; another customer writes
that “practically all the 650 trees received from you grew.”

eis ie Se ens
WISTARIA IN TREE FORM
Visit Rosedale There are reasons why our stock is unsurpassed :

f : Because, 1st, It has been frequently transplanted and set wide apart, which de-
Tf you would learn something of the variety and beauty velops a great root system. A tree is no better than its roots. ;

of our stock, come to Hawthorne, N. Y., 54 minutes from Because, 2d. Our soil is adapted to the making of many fibrous roots.

New York on Harlem Branch of the N. Y.C.R.R. Besides Because, 3rd. Great care is given to pruning and shapes the Des ‘
. . : BECAUSE, 4th. Constant care is given by our own expert, a Cornell man, to the pre-
the ordinary sizes you will find . vention of insect pests. A certificate of the State Entomologist is sent with each shipment.
Large Specimens

ieee , se Rosedale Prices
for immediate effect. One customer seeing the superiority

d 1 ; Of course such stock cannot be produced for the same prices as ordinary stock and
of our trees placed an order for nearly $4000 at one time | our prices may seem high to those not familiar with it. But we can refer you to
and sent another order for nearly $2000. many of New York’s keenest business men who buy of us every year.

oa HiNDICAE PET, es ~ROSEDALE NURSERIES ;S:&HA8%!5,

Catalog No. 29 on Request.

A BURGLAR often misses the most important
things in his burglaring because he doesn’t look
far enough. Lots of people, not burglars, would find
lots of important things near. at hand if they only
would look alittle bit farther for them. You, while
reading this magazine, are surrounded with all kinds of
valuable information on many important subjects.
The advertisements in this issue present many near at
hand opportunities. Burgle your way into them.
You will find it easy going and the haul worth while.

NovemBerR, 1911

1 EE GAR DNs MAG A ZINE

The Readers’ Service will give njormation
about the latest automobile accessories

155

Cover Drsicn ——Lapy Lenox Cosmos - - - - - -

THe Montu’s REMINDER

Wuy My Harpy GarDENIS Harpy - - - @.S. Adams

Photographs by Arthur G. Eldredge

Some FLowers THAt ENDURE FROST - -
Photographs by N. R. Graves

Norman Taylor

PRUNING THE OLD ORCHARD TREES - - E. L. D. Seymour
Photographs by E. M. Boult, A. G. Eldredge and others

Do Your TREES NEED DocrorInG? J. J. Levison

Photographs by the author

THE GOLDEN FLOWER FOR EVERYBODY’S GARDEN 5S. B. Mitchell
Photographs by A. R. Coleman

THE UMBRELLA-BEARERS, A WorTHY Famity Wilhelm Miller
Photographs by E. J. Wallis and N. R. Graves

SUBSCRIPTION:

$1.50 a year
Single copies 15 cts.

F. N. Dousiepay, President

162

CopyRIGHT, I911, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879

Wa LtTeER H. Pace, HERBERT S. Houston, Vice-Presidents

CHILDREN’S GARDENS EVERYWHERE - -_ Ellen Eddy Shaw
Photographs by F. F. Rockwell and others

ARES AOUSHKERPDR? = nia su sreereeert su. -s. 6) meer ew te
Photograph by D, F. O’Connell
RIGADERST SERVICE) = )s seis: pide ye tas fe ere ga es

PREPARING FOR WINTER - - - - - - W.4H. Jenkins

Photographs by the author

SOME CALIFORNIA FLOWERS - - - - Sydney B. Mitchell
FLOWER SHOWS FOR NOVEMBER - - - - - - - - - -
WINTER IS COMING - - » - - - - - Thomas J. Steed

PROTECTING VEGETABLES FROM EARLY Frost - J. M. Angell
Photographs by the author

ARE TREE OR STANDARD Roses ANY Goop? Thomas McAdam
Photograph by Nathan R. Graves

add 6sc.

H. W. Lanter, Secretary S. A, Everitt, Treasurer

Arthur G. Eldredge

PAGE

173

175

176
178

182
184
186
188

192

For Foreign Postage

For Canada add 35c.

Maiden’s Blush, or Picotee. Clear white, margined
on the edge with pink. This flower is beautifully
curved, but it is somewhat difficult to give a correct
idea of the color. When it opens, the petals are
white and margined or penciled with pink to cerise.
After two or three days the flowers change to a deep
rose, and, unless one is acquainted with it, it would
not be recognized as the same Tulip. It stands re-
markably well when cut. (See illustration above.)
$c, 25 per doz.; $1.50 per 100; $14.00 per 1000.

Margaret.

Mrs. Krelage.

(Gretchen).

Darwin Tulips (to name)

King Harold. Purple-red; very unique
Lovliness. Soft rosy carmine; exquisite color 05 40 250
May Queen. Beautiful soft rose; one of the

HNESHOLNES! COlOT IRIs erste aerate enters eet O05 35 2 00
Beautiful globular
flower, outside blush, inside soft blush-rose o5 25 I 50
Large flower, soft rose, mar-

gined blush; very beautiful
Noire (La Tulipe). The historic black Tulip
Painted Lady. Creamy white

Somaer 5 40 250

eames Io 60 400

Beas cine 05 40 2 50

Establish These Tulips Permanently Among Annuals
or Shrubbery; Enjoy Their Splendid Flowers Every Year

You know and love tulips as a class—but do you fully appreciate the possibilities offered you inthe Darwin and
May-flowering types ? They can be left permanently just where you wish them to-grow; inshrubbery clumps or
flower beds—and increase in number for many years. They bloom in May long before the other things are ready—
thus providing you with lovely flowers from early to late. In form and coloring, they leave nothing to be desired.

You need some of them; our connections with reliable growers abroad are unexcelled. Boddington’s Quality Bulbs
are planted in many famous Eastern Estates. Here area few of our Tulip offerings; many more will be found in

Boddington’s Summer and Autumn Garden Guide

—describes Tulips and other bulbs; also Perennial seeds that will bloom next summer if planted now. Clear,
attractive illustrations—practical and helpful cu]tural directions, etc.

Free; send postal today.

Pride of Haarlem. Rose, with blue base;

Each Doz. 100 flowers cles size and fine form be aasee $05 $ 40 $3
: z ing: ink .. 6 PSYCHE. Soft rose; enormous flower....... Io I 00 7
pS aa teres SO Bee unE TE EoprotFo CO #4,'50 Purple Perfection. An extra-fine dark purple 15 I 50 12
TELLS WR ee am it, ge iat aa 10 60 450 foe a Balliente: Large, deep, full rose, F
Baronne de La Tonnaye. Clear rosy carmine 05 40 250 shaded scarlet. ....... wontenes sees ates Io 75
CLARA BUTT. Beautiful soft rosy pink... 05 50 350 Reve Ewbanes Vivid heliotrope-lilac, slightly 5
Dream. Soltihaomen erence eee cei 05 4o 250 ordered ...... Aiea a ae °5 5° 3
Europe. Fiery salmon-scarlet, white center, THE SULTAN. SORES WEY BEOWY E 30 2
Veky, distinctapeitiemieitae seein: 05 40 300 The Dove. Apple-blossom; NEN AD EEE YE: ase 15 ¥ 35/10
Heracombe Saunders: Fiery scarlet....... 10 60 450 Melveb tiene, Shining purple; enormous ate
Faust. Dark violet, almost black; very unique Io @e) ORs |) Eee bh onencoacas ur neeeee cette rece 2 O
GLOW. Brilliant growing vermilion, center WHITE QUEEN. White, passing to Bink mo 2 Oi FO S
bluesmareinedswhitem wee lemeeleenis oS 40 2 50 Zulu. Blue-black; very distinct form; a splen-

did and very remarkable flower.......... i 125 8

100, $12 per 1,000.

Boddington’s Collections of Darwin Tulips
= each of the above 26 sorts, $2.
3 each of the above 26 sorts, 78 in all, $5.75.

6 each of the above 26 sorts, 156 in all, $rr.
12 each of the above 26 sorts, 312 in all, $20.

39 2 50 20 00

ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, Seedsman, Dept. G, 342 West 14th St., New York City

Each Doz. tI00

5
Mixed. All colors, in splendid variety 15 cts. per doz., $1.50per

5°

The Readers’ Servi |
156 Sale anal oR Ob TLRIRGV TEES 40 Jel 18; GG ak RDEN MA GAZINE NOVEMBER, 1911

With single glass sash you
have to get out in the cold
and snow, night and morn-
ing, to cover and uncover
the beds.

With Sunlight Double
Glass Sash you eliminate
all the hard work of cover-
ing and uncovering. The
two layers of glass take the
place of the mats and boards

The Recreation of Winter Gardening

Everyone who has a back yard would grow his own flowers and vegetables
were it not for the back-breaking and discouraging =— of ales
and uncovering the beds with mats and boards.
You can have violets all winter: fresh
vegetables for the table; plants to
set out early.

Now everybody can try a bit of winter gardening. Sun-
— Double Glass Sash, the new invention, has two layers of
glass instead of one. Between the two
layers is a 5-8 inch layer of dry, still air,
a better protection than mats or boards—

AGEL aanertey climinating all the hard work of hot-bed

PTUAeotoieries and cold-frame gardening.

Since you never cover plants under Sunlight

Double Glass sash, they get all the light all the

Read what others have grown

time and grow faster than they would otherwise,
This means that through the entire winter you can
have violets for your flower
vases, fresh green lettuce, etc.
for the table, tomato
eplants to set out as :
soon as the weather will permit. When your

neighbors are paying fancy prices at the
grocer’s and florist’s for these things, you
have them right out of your own garden.

Write today for your set of gardening books.
authoritative, tells how to make and care for the hot-beds, what and when to plant.

Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co., 927 E. Broadway, Louisville, Ky.

HOWARD

Dustless
Duster

Standard Size (25 Cents, Prepaid)
Makes possible a dustless home

Write for our free small sample
and “‘ Dust Book.” It will show
you how to make dusting a plea-

sure, how to dry clean a silk skirt '-

ol Nye Taoniinuies. Ino iso) Clean “Ne Cua Sau”
windows in a twinkling, to polish pianos and
highly finished furniture, to make cut glass
look like diamonds, to make an old derby look
like new. Sold at best stores.

Money Back if Not Satisfactory. Small Sample Free

HOWARD DUSTLESS DUSTER CO.
164-45 Federal Street BOSTON, MASS.

HOWARD

One is our free aioe: the other is a book on hot-beds and cold-frames by Professor Massey. It is

J. H Wilson & Son, McLeansboro,
Illinois, used Sunlight Sash on cold-frames
all winter and spring, and grew cosmos,
a asters, lettuce and tomatoes in them.
The lowest temperature was 6 degrees below
zero and no plants were injured. ‘The sashes
were perfectly satisfactory and successful.”

4c in stamps will bring Professor Massey’s book in addition to the catalog.

HE advertisements in this issue
are aimed at you. They are good
advertisements. They represent a lot
of thought and study. These adver-

tisers are placing before you their
products. If any of these products
appeal to you you should write to the
advertiser and give him the oppor-
tunity to tell you more about what
he has to offer. It is costing him a
lot of money to visit you. You are in
a position to benefit yourself and to
repay him.

These advertising people are intelli-
gent. Their announcements are inter-

esting and valuable. They make wel-
come guests to any home, and you
can associate with them to advantage.

‘The Garden Magazine

Vou. XIV—No. 4

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

{For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is
generally taken asastandard. Allowsix days’ difference
for every hundred miles of latitude.]

After the Ground Freezes

(Oia your lawn with stable manure,
unless it is so steep that all the
fertilizing elements will be washed off,
instead of into, it.

Cover the strawberries with coarse,
strawy manure four or five inches deep.

Similarly, cover the perennial borders
and your beds of lilies, iris and all the
spring blooming bulbs.

The bush fruits and all the shrubs will
appreciate a mulch, which can be anything
from leaves and lawn cuttings to rich
manure. The rhododendrons must have
this protection, and generally it will be
best to cover the entire bushes with ever-
green boughs or some other shelter from
the extremes of winter. Small, newly-set
evergreen trees in isolated positions. often
need this kind of protection, too.

Study the winter aspects of your plant-
ings and devise means for improving them.
The bright berries and brilliant red, yellow
and green bark of various shrubs are
wonderfully attractive and “‘comfortable,”’
in cold, snowy weather.

The Last Plantings of the Season

4 Res planting season is not yet over
for — what do you think? Sweet
peas! If you plant them in November,
you will have blossoms earlier than you
ever did before. Dig a trench at least
eight inches deep; sow the seed and cover
it with two inches of soil and six or so
of coarse manure or litter. The plants
don’t really start at all during the winter,
but they start earlier in the spring than you
can get them to by any other method.

If your bulb man has disappointed you
and your bulbs for spring flowers are de-
layed, spread manure over the ground

NOVEMBER, 1911

where they were to go, before the soil
freezes. It will make planting possible
even up to the time of the heavy snows.
If you have not potted any bulbs for
late winter blooming, you can still do so
according to the directions given in the
October GARDEN MAGAZINE; only of
course you must put up with the longer
time that it will take the bulbs to bloom.

This is Chrysanthemum Month

[Ee YOU are exhibiting plants or specimen

blooms get them packed and started
off to the shows in good time. A big
rush at the last minute is almost sure to
result in careless work and injured speci-
mens. Moreover, the earlier your exhibits
arrive the better positions they are likely
to get.

After cutting blooms store away the
plants from which you got the best results,
for future cutting stock. Put themin pots, if
they are not already there, and keep them
in a well lighted house with a temperature
of 40 to 50 degrees at night and 50 to 60
degrees on bright days if you want cut-
tings by the middle of December. If you
will not want them till January or February,
store the plants, with good balls of earth
about the roots, close together in a cellar,
cool but never below freezing.

You may find traces of cutworm work
in the greenhouse these days. One of
the best ways to eliminate the pest is to
go through the house at nine or ten o’clock
at night, with a lantern. The worms do
all their feeding in the dark and can usually
be caught in the act. Or you can leave
poisoned baits of bran scattered about,
or bits of wood for them to hide under
during the day, when they may be dis-
covered and destroyed.

Keep at the Insects Outdoors

IN time from now till April is the

time to spray the orchard with
lime and sulphur to destroy the San Jose
scale, which is liable to be found also on
roses and a number of other ornamentals.
On a large place it wili be cheaper to make
your own spray mixture. But for the
small garden, the proprietary mixtures
that can be bought ready for use after
being diluted, are much more convenient,
cleanly and preferable.

As soon as the leaves fall you can see
the winter nests of the brown tail moths,
and the old unsightly webs of the tent
caterpillars. Remove both kinds and burn
them at once. Unpleasant consequences
are liable to follow a delay in taking the
latter precaution. On a large farm in

157

) ONE DOLLAR FIFTY CENTS A YEAR
| FIFTEEN CENTS A Copy

the East last winter, they stored away in
a barn some fifty burlap sacks of brown
tail nests, to wait for a damp day on which
to burn them. Unfortunately the tem-
perature in the barn was very mild, and
in a couple of weeks millions of tiny worms
came to life. It took about a week and
much kerosene to thoroughly clean out the
store room.

Don’t Procrastinate

OF COURSE it is perfectly true that

you can do your winter pruning any
time up to the first of April, but what do
you gain by delaying? Nothing; you Jose.
Everything on the place will be calling
for attention at the same time next March,
and you will hate to take time even to
burn up the brush, if indeed, you find time
to get it off the trees at all.

So prune, now: the hardy fruit trees
—apple, pear, quince, plum, cherry; all
the bush fruits; grape vines; ornamental
deciduous trees (although these ordinarily
need but very little trimming); ornamental
shrubs, if they do not bloom in the spring;
summer flowering woody vines; and
hardy roses (tender kinds are liable to have
their canes killed back a little and had
best be left till early spring).

After pruning clean up and have some
bonfires right away. ‘There is no more ex-
cuse for an untidy garden in winter than
in summer, nor as much, for there are
many days when the most you can do is to
shine up the looks of the place.

The matter of bonfires is important.
Be sure you are not violating state or
town statutes, if you start fires with-
out getting a permit from the fire warden.
Such an offence, even an unwitting one,
is liable to cost from $25 to $100. And
even if there are no such laws in your
locality take great care that you do not
endanger any woodlots. We are losing
too many forests through fires started
by carelessness, and you can do good
work for conservation as a self-appointed
warden, even on a small scale.

From some of the above items you can
see how much manure is needed at this
season. If you start now to make com-
post for next spring and summer, you will
be able to save all the summer’s manure
for fall work. The very best way to make
good compost is to spread a six-inch layer
of inverted pasture sod, cover it with a

_slightly thinner layer of cow manure, then

another layer of sod and so on as high as
convenient. The whole pile should be
turned completely over at least twice
during the winter, and moistened now and
then, if it tends to break down too slowly.

Why My Hardy Garden is Hardy —By H. 8. Adams, stew

COMMON SENSE APPLIED TO THE PROBLEMS OF WINTER PROTECTION — THE EVER PRESENT DANGER OF TOO MUCH
FUSSING THAT KILLS LARGE NUMBERS OF REALLY “‘HARDY”’ PLANTS EACH YEAR — GETTING NEAR TO NATURE’S WAY

eee spring, in our part of New
England, there were numerous com-
plaints of ‘“winter-killing.” So-and-so
lost all her foxgloves, another “every
blessed Canterbury bell,” and so on.

At the end of a tale of woe from a neigh-
bor there generally was a “misery loves
company” inference that, of course, I
had similar bad luck.

Of course, I had — not; out of the many
kinds of flowers that I grow, only two
species of anemones were missing, and
those because they had not been properly
looked after in summer. And, each time,
I would take pains
to explain that
hardy plants were
killed not so much
by the winter as by
lack of thought, es-
pecially in the way
of mistaken kind-
ness.

Here is the whole
secret of the reduc-
tion of the mortality
of my hardy garden,
during five winters,
to a minimum; I do
not over-protect —
in other words,
smother my plants
to death. I go on
the principle that
whatis hardyinmy [gem
climate is hardy, §
and that it is up to
me to do for my
plants no more than
nature would do in
similar circum-
stances. It is safe
to say that, aside
from species of
doubtful endurance
in a given latitude,
the majority of
hardy plants perish
thus and that the
greater part of the
remainder are
killed by the winter
only because
(through crowding or some other kind of
negilgence) they have been sent into a de-
cline before the coming of cold weather.

I really begin putting away my hardy
borders in the summer. Then, wherever
they can go without showing much, I lay
the cut flower stalks — which serve first
as mulch and later as winter protection.
Done as it is in odd moments, this takes
no apparent time.

The actual start, however, is made with
the first fall of leaves in the early autumn.
This comes from our big octogenarian

maple, whose leaves so drop all over the
east lawn that they can not be raked up
without also gathering in the needles that
an ancient white pine sheds during its
“moult” of the late summer.

The east lawn has hardy borders on
three sides. So, starting in the middle, I
rake a windrow of leaves to the edge of
each border in turn. In the case of the
rose border I make a ridge of the leaves
just over the edge of the lawn, to be added
to later and, after the ground freezes,
raked up around the bushes. When the
other two windrows reach the herbaceous

Cutting off the dead leaf stalks of a peony to lay over the plant. With the scattering of a few more
leaves over it, this herbaceous border will be sufficiently protected for the winter

borders I take the rake and toss the leaves
over the plants, so that they will fall as if
nature had dropped them. If any point
is beyond the reach of such a toss, I take
a lot of leaves in my two hands and scatter
them. The leaves soon settle down be-
tween the plants and begin their important
work of ground protection. Where the
borders are not next to the lawn, I rake
up a basketful or wheelbarrow load of
leaves and toss them by hand. Usually I
repeat the process three times, winding
up with the apple leaves in November.

158

The advantage of this plan, aside from
the saving of virtually all the precious
leaves, many of which are apt to be blown
away if allowed to lie after the early falls,
and the avoidance of the trouble of storing
in bags or barrels, lies in its emulation
of nature. By it the plants are protected
most where they most need protection —
around the crowns—the growth, which
sometimes goes on well into the winter,
is not impeded.

Excepting on the rose border, where
the ground is bare around the bushes,
along the edges of the herbaceous borders,
and over such bulbs
as tulips and hya-
cinths, I make no
pretense of having
a blanket of leaves
three inches or so
deep. I simply see
that there are leaves
all around such
plants as Canter-
bury bells and pri-
mulas and, in the
final round-up, that
a few leaves are
thrown over them
so lightly as not to
hide them com-
pletely. I take a
basket of leaves
around with me,
and, wherever some
are needed, in they
go. Peony, chrysan-
themum and other
stalks are cut and
laid over or around
the plants, as the
case may be, and I
place a few corn-
stalks on the north
side of the borders
if they can be used
without crushing
anything.

If, to some, this
seems a “stepmoth-
erly” blanket, thin
and full of holes, I
can only say that,
again and again in my experience, it has
succeeded where piling on leaves — or,
worse yet, manure — has placed on win-
ter the responsibility for a lot of killing
of which it was quite innocent. As I have
said before, it is natural; and I find that
the more tips I take from nature the better
I get along in my pottering with a hardy
garden.

As a general proposition plants that
really die down to the ground in winter
can stand a heavy blanket of either leaves.
or manure, though in the case of both

& Ws
Pa

a j &
a oe

NovEmMBER, 1911

ground freezes.
over it with the leaf-rake

care must be taken that it be neither put
on too early, nor taken off too late. It
is the plants with more or less evergreen
crowns or shoots — and there are a great
many of these — that, in particular, are
apt to die of mistaken kindness rather than
of the winter’s rigors.

There once was a grower of flowers for
pleasure who asked the Italian foreman of a

THE GARDEN

Leaves are raked to the border and left in a ridge on the edge until the
In the case of an herbaceous border the leaves are tossed

neighboring nursery what “ailed” her
foxgloves. ‘‘I know!” he said. “You put
manure on him. You don’t want never
to put no manure on foxgloves, ever!”
What he said of foxgloves might be applied
to Canterbury bells, primulas, biennial
forget-me-nots, hollyhocks and other plants
with soft crowns, as well as plants with
soft evergreen shoots, like the chrysanthe-

MAGAZINE

This rose border is amply protected for the winter with maple leaves and
some pine needles, all raked on to it from the lawn. Note how quickly the
maple leaves curl up

mum and snapdragon. With proper regu-
lation of the amount, manure may be
placed around them, but it must not lie
on them all winter. It is too heavy, it is
too warm, and it does not permit the air
to circulate.

The matter of heaviness is likely to be
overlooked because of the seemingly
plausible argument that plants bear the

Apple leaves placed part of the way around a New England aster, to illustrate
where such hard-wooded plants need the most protection,

apple leaves hold their shape

Note how the

Winter protection by the use of a few leaves and a roof of cornstalks.
gloves and Canterbury bells and small seedlings can be protected in this way
with safety and a minimum of trouble

Fox-

160

weight of the snow. There is, however,
all the difference in the world. The snow
is not thrown on by the forkful, but packs
evenly. Then again, snow does not rot;
it melts: There is where the mischief
comes with manure and leaves on top of a
plant like the Canterbury bell; both rot
when massed. Their weight presses them
down and their decay spreads to the centre
of the crown — the very heart of the plant.
I have seen hundreds of plants in a hardy
garden covering a third of an acre and also
a large collection of primulas killed in this
way. The severity of the winter was
blamed, but it was nothing more nor less
than manure on top of the crowns.

On the few occasions where I have felt
that I ought to take extra precautions, I
have compromised with the situation by
throwing a few leaves on the top of auri-
culas, Canterbury bells and some other
plants and then roofing them over with
cornstalks laid, in November or later,
over supports just high enough to allow
air to circulate beneath. This keeps any
excessive weight from the plants and with
me has even carried through the winter a
species not credited tender so far north.

Although this form of winter protection
is a negligible quantity with me, and, so
far as I can tell, always has been an excess

Some Flowers That Endure Frost —By Norman Taylor,

FHE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Bony Se, * a

The faded flower stalks of the hardy chrysanthe-
mum are cut and laid over and around the plants
with a few apple leaves. The new growth in the
foreground is what must be protected

of precaution; I am laying special stress -

on it because I believe it to be a valuable
idea that is too infrequently tried by

NovemMBeER, 1911

those whose gardens have to endure still
more cold than mine in central Con-
necticut. I use only a few leaves and a
single layer of cornstalks, spread so thinly
that the snow sifts through. Further
north I should first put a good layer of
oak, apple or pear leaves under the foliage
of, say, Canterbury bells, and throw
lightly over the plants enough leaves to
hide them, being careful that they did
not lie too thickly on the centre of the
crown. Unless the winter sets in very
early, or circumstances necessitate finish-
ing the work in advance of the usual time,
it is best to delay the latter part of this
operation in order to permit the plants
to grow and at the same time gradually
“harden.” Then, before the snow is
likely to lie on the ground, the roof of
cornstalks should be made, and as thick as
the probable severity of the winter
warrants, using a board placed on edge
for additional northerly protection. This
is also an excellent way to protect young
herbaceous plants in a seed bed.

I use maple, apple, cherry, and elm
leaves, with whatever pine needles may be
raked up with them, and should be glad
of the big leaves of our cucumber tree,
as well, but they fall in either tall grass or
the potato patch.

Curator of Plants,
Brooklyn Botanic Garden

EASILY GROWN PLANTS THAT ANY ONE CAN HAVE, AND WHICH WILL GIVE A LAST
TOUCH OF BRIGHTNESS TO THE GARDEN BEFORE WINTER SETTLES DOWN IN EARNEST

ol fader combination of early frosts and

beautiful “Indian summer” makes
a trying set of conditions for the gardener,
who must pick and choose his plants with
a fair knowledge of just what the garden
is going to look like after Jack Frost has
taken his first sniff at it.

‘The yellow flowers of the witch hazel burst out in
November when all else has passed

There is one real winter flower — the
Christmas rose (Helleborus niger). This
little snow beauty, with irregularly cut
leaves and a splendid white flower three
inches across, often blooms in December
or January in sheltered places. It is not
common yet it is easy to grow, but takes
time to establish. Seedlings take three
years to produce flowers, and while they are
worth waiting for, it pays better to buy the
plants (in September, by preference). When
once set out they must not be transplanted,
for they do better and better as they be-
come established, which is the reason that
the Christmas rose is best in old gardens.

SOME PLEASING BLUES AND PURPLES

That egotistic little half-shrub, the
Japanese bush-clover (Lespedeza: Sieboldi)
is well suited for grouping in startling
patches. Its wonderful rose-purple, pea-
like flowers in slender drooping clusters
are a little too individualistic to make it
at ease among more sober neighbors. It
is about three feet tall and may easily
be grown from seed. The plants seem to
flourish with a new lease of life as the year
wanes, beginning to flower in late August.

The annual corn flower (Centaurea Cy-
anus) is unique in its color. It thrives in or-
dinary garden soil, and will recur year by
year irom self-sown seed. Among the score
or more varieties Emperor William is, I

think, the best. The plant is covered with
a whitish wool when young, but at flowering
time the wooliness disappears and the
fringed flowers are seen set on a cushion
of dark rich green.

rn

The blanket flower in red and gold blooms from late
summer till well after the early frosts

NovEmMBeER, 1911

seein ; wo: k A
The asters in great variety of color and form are
among the latest of flowers (A. Sibiricus)

There is one among the native gentians
which flourishes in cultivation — the closed
gentian (G. Andrewsii). The matchless
fringed gentian is not happy in the garden,
but a fair substitute is the barrel or soap-
wort gentian (G. Saponaria), a thorough-
going garden plant of rare beauty and
autumnal disposition. Like most gentians,
it loves moist, sandy places.

A SYMPHONY IN SAFFRON AND YELLOW

The only noteworthy yellow gentian is
a European sort (G. /utea) from which the
liqueur “Gentiane” is made. Yellow is
a rare color in the gentian tribe, which
makes this plant especially interesting.
All the gentians are worth growing for their
charming foliage effects and if the different
kinds are grouped the yellow color of this
affords some welcome relief from the or-
thodox blues and purples. It propagates
most successfully from roots, which are
easily divided in fall or spring.

A lemon-yellow sunflower (Helianthus
orgyalis), wand-like and slender, is the
antithesis of the Philistine giant sort, and
a welcome border plant in the last days
of fall. It is useful for tall effects. Its
stem (eight to ten feet) is clothed with a
profusion of tiny narrow leaves, giving a
feathery beauty to the whole plant. It
is a prolific bloomer, and may be grown
from seed sown in ordinary garden soil in
the spring.

First cousin to the common golden glow
is Autumn Glory. This more recently
introduced plant has a longer blooming
period and seems to be related to R. nitida,
and is, perhaps, a hybrid species. Its
tall leafy stem and wealth of golden bai!s
of flowers make it the show plant par
excellence. It maintains its brilliance very
late and is only put to sleep when the

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

weather is too cold for comfortable gar-
dening

The beautiful blanket flowers or gail-
lardias (G. perennis and grandiflora) have
achieved a niche in the temple of floral
fame. ‘‘The grandest, most glorious, gor-
geous plants” they have been called and
truly they are resplendent in red and
yellow right into the days of winter. They
are useful garden plants some two to
three feet tall, with thick, hairy leaves.
Their beautiful daisy-like flowers (two
to three inches across), yellow or deep
saffron, are good also as cut flowers.
Culturally they are rather fond of the
creature comforts, which means that they
repay good soil and cultivation.

THREE FOREIGNERS AND A NATIVE

As fall-flowering herbs enduring till
well after the early frosts, scarcely anything
equals the asters. Nothing excels them.
These are hardy, offer every gradation
of usefulness and adaptability to special
needs; and they resist insects and diseases
with truly Spartan fortitude. All have
daisy-like flowers. Showy and attractive,
with lilac flowers two to three inches in
diameter, the Himalayan aster (A. diphos-
tephioides) is well suited for borders or as an
individual plant in the flower garden. Its
habit is slender and bushy. Division of the
roots is the easiest way to propagate the
plant, but it may also be grown from seed.

The pert little Siberian aster (A.
Sibiricus), scarcely a foot high, is well
suited for rockeries and dry situations
generally. A solitary flower, usually a
delicate lilac or violet, terminates a some-
what stiff stem. Much more graceful
is our native New England aster (A.
Nove-A nglig), common all over the eastern
states but well worth shifting into garden
quarters. Its rich violet color and wonder-
ful profusion of bloom proclaim it one of
the best of its family. Wild plants dug
from the fields improve wonderfully with

161

care, but seeds may be purchased from most
of the dealers. It can be had in a number of
varieties, with colors ranging threugh blue
and deep lilac.

The annual China or branching asters
are to be found in immense variety. For
late flowering they are best grown from
seed planted not earlier than the first
week in June.

A TRI-COLORED TRIO OF SHRUBS

There are only three late fall-flowering
shrubs really worth while—that can
be easily grown and are not subject to
disease or insect attacks. The Chinese
clerodendron (C. serotinum) is one of the
finest. Its gracefully hanging clusters of
flowers with exquisite tints of old rose and
pinkish white, give it a distinction all its
own. Itis, too, a thoroughly useful shrub
in grouping, being of medium height and
having elegant glossy leaves and a graceful
spreading habit. Less showy, and of a
distinctly more retiring disposition, is the
groundsel shrub (Baccharis halimifolia). Its
small oblong leaves and bushy habit make
it an effective filler-in between more showy
neighbors, and its fleecy white flowers and
fruits are as the driven snow. It may be
used to advantage in dry and unlikely
places. But the most interesting, always,
is our old friend, the witch hazel (Hama-
melis Virginiana). “When the oldest colors
have faded” there is still this one plant
left to delight the heart of the gardener
with its rusty colored buds and dark, dull
green leaves. Well toward the end of our
Indian summer, a wonderful transformation
begins as the shrub loses its leaves. Almost
surreptitiously, the branches are covered
with a profusion of delicate star-like yellow
flowers. When everything else is going
to winter rest this shrub is surely without
price. Yet how few plant it! If you
perchance have a low situation and plenty
cf water try it; if not don’t be surprised
if you lose out.

The one sure flower in the depth of winter, even under the snow, is the Christmas rose

Pruning the Old Orchard Trees—By E. L. D. Seymour, ¥

NOW IS THE TIME TO DO ALL THE BIG WORK AMONG THE OLD ORCHARD TREES, CUTTING OUT DEAD WOOD, THIN-

NING OUT TO LET IN LIGHT AND REPAIRING BREAKS—COMMON SENSE RULES THAT EVERYONE CAN

OVEMBER here? Then get out your
saw and your pruning shears, slick
up the edges, oil up the hinges and begin
pruning operations — at once: The con-
ditions we must have for winter pruning
should be ripe now, viz. —the leaves
have fallen, the wood has ripened, the
sap has stopped flowing, and the days
are crackling with that dry, cold, glad-to-
be-alive feeling that makes strenuous
work a welcome pastime.

But, hire someone to do it for you, if
you cannot get the right point of view.
Realize, please, that in many an orchard
the yield is achieved not because of, but
in spite of the pruning the trees receive.
Realize, also, that there is no other one
factor in the care of an orchard that can
so effectually increase or diminish its value.
Yet year after year a few simple principles
are studiously neglected or avoided, and

noble, willing trees are maimed, butchered
and weakened without a thought. Before
setting out this winter to “trim up”
your trees, bind yourself by oath to stick
as Closely as possible by the following rules.
If you live up to them, the pruning ques-
tion will work itself out in all safety.

1. Leave no stubs. It is easier and
quicker, no doubt, to cut a branch square
off several inches from the main limb,
where the saw or shears work easily.
But don’t do it. Cut all branches flush
against the branch from which they spring,
leaving perhaps a diagonal surface twice
the diameter of the shoot, but smooth and
clean. It will heal over completely and
rapidly; while a stub no more than an
inch long will remain open, absorb moisture,
decay in the centre, invite the entrance of
disease spores, insect eggs and every sort

of pest, all of which will gradually work ~

UNDERSTAND

down into the heart of the trunk and de-
stroy the whole tree. In removing any
limb over an inch thick, cut from a quarter
to half an inch into it on the under side
jst. Then saw it off from the top. This
not only permits the cut to open as you
saw (or as carpenters say, “‘the kerf to
spread”’) and make the work much easier,
but it also allows the branch to break off
cleanly without tearing away a strip of
bark beneath. If the branch is several
inches through, it is safer to cut it off in the
above manner a foot or so away from the
tree, and to then begin again and cut the
stub off smooth. Finally, whenever a pruned
branch is over an inch in diameter, paint
the wound with a thick white-lead paint.
It may be darkened with lamp black or
dull green to render it inconspicuous. .
But even if the only thing available is
sky blue or :ose pink, use it, for it will

EE

The more blossoms the better; but when the fruits set, thin out. Half the number may more than double the yield in size and quality

162

NOVEMBER, 1911

keep out all the troubles mentioned above,
until the wound has time to heal over.

2. Keep the head of the tree as low as
possible in relation to its size. The real
height is determined at the first shaping
of the tree, just after it is set, so in an old
orchard we can only modify what already
exists. At all events don’t try to “clean
the trees up” by taking off all the lower
limbs. Every apple or peach that can be
picked from the ground is worth more to
you than one that must be reached from a
ladder. Where you must prune, let it be,
if possible, from the upper side of a main
branch so that the shoot that is left, or
that may develop, will grow downward and
outward. If necessary “‘dehorn” the tree
by cutting off bodily a few main branches,
and grafting into their stubs cions that
can later be trained to make low bushy
growth. But in doing this take note of
Rule 4, below.

For the small home orchard, the dwarf
is the best form of tree, and it has even
been planted to some extent in commercial
orchards. But you can head a standard
two or two and a half feet from the ground
so that it will combine all the advantages

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

of low growth, stocky form — resisting
wind and storm — easy pruning and pick-
ing, and handsome appearance, with the
large bearing surface and the long life of
the standard type. Only when you find
the limbs of a fine, large tree broken off
by snow and wind do you really appreciate
the value of a low head. But this experi-
ence is costly.

3. Prune to keep the head of the tree open.
Sunlight and air are not merely desirable,
but absolutely vital to the success of the
tree. They not only induce health and
strength, develop tissue and assist in manu-
facturing food, but also give to the fruit
that rich color and the final touch of flavor
that mark the finest product. Therefore,
thin out the branches crowding the centre
of the head, that free access may be given
the sun and air to the entire bearing area.
Stimulate the production of fruit on the
outside of the tree, especially low down
upon it, by removing shoots that grow
from inside buds and tend to congest the
centre of the head. So mold the tree,
in brief, that every branch and limb has
a definite place and purpose. Countless
small shoots, forming a thick bushy head,

163

merely appropriate nutrition and develop
a mass of leaves to create shade and thereby
lessen the yield.

4. Change the shape of a tree gradually.
If you decide that it should be reduced
one half or one third, remove only about
a third or a quarter of the excess wood each
year for three or four seasons. Similarly
if grafting or top-working, spread the entire
work over two or more years. Otherwise
the shock to the tree will result in a great
growth of water sprouts, tender, juicy,
green and attractive, but useless. When-
ever these do appear, whatever the cause,
rub or nip them off. But do not let over-
zealousness in pruning on your part, be
the cause of their appearance.

5. Don’t waste time trying to prune old,
worn out trees. When a tree becomes too
old and weak to bear a profitable crop,
chop it down. But meanwhile have started
a new tree near the site of the old one so
that it will be ready to take its place.
Sentiment and artistic temperament are
all very well in their places, but they should
not be allowed to cause the maintenance
of a menace to the other trees on the place.
For an old tree becomes that, harboring

Copyright John G. Showell
The low-headed tree is easier to care for, handsomer to look at. and safer from wind and weather.

The type and ideal of the modern orchard

164 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NovemMBerR, 1911]

i insects, diseases, bacteria, as well as the

a far more desirous but far less numerous
flickers and blue birds. Yet as you think
of it why should not a thrifty, healthy,
sound tree appeal even more than a
gnarled, stumpy wreck? Here is an
opportunity for the reconstruction of
artistic ideals and values, wherein our
beacon will be health, strength, usefulness,
rather than old age — crippled, diseased,
impotent.

6. For quality’s sake, thin the fruit. To
glance ahead toward summer pruning
for a moment, let me mention the necessity
of thinning. The more blossoms a tree
bears the better, for they indicate vigor
and prolificacy. But as we cannot expect
every flower to set a fruit, so we must
prepare to sacrifice at least a third of the
fruit that does form, for the sake of the
rest. All that is left will increase in size
and improve in quality until it more
than makes up for the lessened amount.
Indirectly this is also our aim, though on

As useful as it is handsome! A system of prun- a larger scale, in reducing the bearing wood
ing that almost makes an aeroplane a necessity in of the tree by our winter pruning. Whether ais aces
picking the fruit. The type is a remnant of bad your fruit is destined for market or for = Poectiad! $20m
old times 3

your own table only, set quality far above Not worth bothering over! It spreads over too
mere numbers and strive for it along the much good Jand and is an open house for disease
lines that have been outlined. eugn and insect pests. Cut it down!

7. Let neatness be an inseparable factor
of your pruning operations A brush pile
in an orchard is more than an eyesore,
it is the hiding place for all the enemies
already warned against, and for rabbits
and mice besides. In the first place,
let the orchard replenish the wood-
pile. The kindling and the fuel for the
open fireplace that can be obtained from
the old trees each year is of no small
account. Indeed this is one of the many
important, yet inconspicuous economies
that lie ready to be taken advantage of
on every farm. Whatever brush is too
small for the fireplace or stove should be

burned at once, and the ashes spread about * sa
among the trees. Where the trouble commonly begins. The care-
There is too much young wood on this tree. The 8. Lastly (and this is more in the nature _less pruner who leaves a stub also leaves the tree

result of indefinite “‘trimming’’ without a pur- of a postscript always applicable), PIOG— ee to sure decay
ik agement tise economy in the care of your pruning
tools. It is not alone the time that is
wasted when your saw or your shears are
dull, but also your energies; and your
temper and good nature are sadly frayed
and frazzled; and, worst of all, your trees
are scraped and torn and injured. Yet
for not one of these results is there any
excuse —a few drops of oil regularly
applied, the frequent use of a file and a
good oilstone, a dry place in which to keep
the implements, and their use becomes not
a task, but a profitable recreation.
Hitherto I have referred, in both text
and illustrations, solely to the pruning of
apple trees. All the principles involved
apply equally well to the care of the pear,
the quince, and in fact to all fruit trees
that can be pruned at al] in winter. The
peach is the most important omission from
this group, being most successfully pruned
in the summer. However, that is another

The result of letting the tree get out of control = ~ Z
and trying to recover it all at once. Better give Question. Right now is the time to fall He is leaving a square ended cut. Easier and bet-
yegular yearly attention prune, so set about it without delay. ter to cut flush with the main branch

~~

Do Your Trees Need Doctoring? — By J. J. Levison,

Arboriculturist to the
Brooklyn, N.Y., Parks

HOW THE AMATEUR MAY DECIDE FOR HIMSELF WHEN TO CALL IN THE EXPERT WORKER TO
SAVE HIS TREES— A GUIDE TO THE CAUSES OF DISEASE AND HOW TO FIGHT OR PREVENT THEM

AE SEES, as a rule, die slowly under
abuse and neglect, but their decay
and ruin are then matters of certain prog-
ress. When the ill effects become pain-
fully evident, you wonder why and blame
the caterpillars or the fungi and sometimes
the “tree doctor” whom you engaged, at
too late a stage, to save them. Though
it requires a lifetime to become expert in
all the needs of a tree, yet any one can

A diseased tree, too far gone to deserve any further
attention beyond the ax

learn very quickly how to tell when a tree
is not thriving. Here are the things to
look for:

The “blood,” so to speak, of a healthy
tree is in most cases green, and if a tree’s
foliage shows an unnatural pallor during
the growing season, the chances are that
it is due to one of these three things:
(z) insufficient light or moisture, (2) salt in
the soil, or (3) foreign gases, particularly
illuminating gas.

Flat fungus growths (or punks) pro-
truding from any part of a tree are sure
signs of parasitic disease.

Warts and spotted leaves have their
origin in the work of insects or fungi.

Withering of the leaves, due to the
absence of water, may be the apparent
result of one or more of these cases: (z) in-
sects that suck the sap, from the bark
or the leaves, (2) a heavy crown of foliage
out of proportion with the root or the
supply of moisture in the soil, or (3) fungus
diseases that cut off the channels of cir-
culation in the tree.

Defoliation, entire or partial, can gen-
erally be traced to leaf-eating insects.

Holes in the bark with “sawdust” or
gummy excretions are indications of boring
grubs or beetles. Neglected cavities in
the trunk or limbs of a tree are generally
found to be receptacles of boring insects
and disease.

The best preventive of disease is constant
maintenance of good vigorous growth.
Trees want certain quantities of water,
light, air, and heat and certain soil con-
ditions. In diagnosing your tree’s ailment,
ascertain whether these conditions are
normal or not. Is the soil too dry — or
too wet? Are the adjoining trees shad-
ing it out? Do the roots receive suffi-
cient air, or is the soil about the base of
the tree so compact that no air can get
in? Is the soil rich in organic material. Is
the drainage good or is the tree standing in
stagnant water? t

It may not always be the part of wisdom
or economy to apply the proper remedy —
your tree may be so badly infested with
scale or boring insects, or fungi; or it may
be so hollow, or so stunted, that saving it
becomes a matter of extreme doubt, and
certainly one of great expense. In that
case, it is, I think, better to dispense with
the tree altogether and plant another in
its place. The appearance of the grounds
will be generally improved and moreover
there is the certainty of preventing in-
sects and disease from spreading to other
trees.

Whether the tree is worth keeping, you
must decide for yourself — there may be
sentimental reasons that outweigh the
practical ones. Assuming, then, the keep-
ing of the old tree, let common sense
apply to the method of treatment, always
with due regard to the principles of the
natural growth of the tree.

First, properly cut off all dead branches
and stubs. These are unsightly and
carry disease and insects into the tree.
The best time to do this work is from
August to November. There is just one
thing to remember: the cuts must be made
close to and even with the trunk and coal-
tar applied to the wounds. Do not waste

time and money on the little dead twigs,
and do not over-prune.

Any cavities or neglected wounds re-
quire treatment but not necessarily filling
with cement or similar substances. I
think there has been altogether too much
of this filling. It is justified where the
trees are sufficiently well formed and
important to warrant the expense and
trouble, with cavities that are not too
large, and where the practical purposes of
eliminating moisture will be served by the
filling. If the cavity is a very large one
— the opening extending to more than a
third of the circumference of the tree —
or if the cavity is only a perpendicular
shallow’ wound where water will readily
slide off and never lodge, filling is un-
necessary, aS a rule. The best practical
purposes will be served by the removal of
the decayed portion and covering the
interior with coal tar, and no more. If
fungus has badly attacked the interior,
its absolute elimination is doubtful because
fungus acts like a cancer penetrating the
whole body of the tree with a network of
microscopic fibres which can hardly be
detected with the naked eye. What is
the good of filling a cavity when every
trace of disease is not removed and where
the remaining portion of the fungus will
then go right on developing behind the
filling? The shelter provided by the filling
will merely favor the growth of disease.
For similar reasons, covers of tin or other
material nailed over tree cavities do more
harm than leaving the cavities exposed.

Cavities in trees are common even in
some of the best kevt gardens and will

This tree was filled. The decayed wood was not removed and on a windy day the tree split and fell

165

Boa

The workings of a boring insect (leopard moth in
Silver maple). See what havoc the cut uncovered!

always follow neglected wounds or the
work of unskilled pruners. The cavity
may be small and not important of itself,
but as a possible breeding place for insects
and fungi, it demands serious consideration.
The accumulation of moisture and the
exclusion of light and heat, characteristic
of every cavity, are the very conditions
that the spores of a fungus disease seek.
The weakened vitality of the tree, resulting
from the fungus together with the de-
cayed wood, then invite the entrance of
many injurious insect pests, so that within
a comparatively short time serious injury
will result to the whole tree. If the disease
has not traveled far and the cavity is small,
a timely cleaning (by cutting back to sound
wood) and filling will prevent the entrance
of fresh insects and fungi.

Every bit of decayed and discolored
wood must be removed by the free use of
the knife, chisel or gouge. It is far better
to enlarge the cavity by cutting out every
bit of diseased wood than to leave a
smaller hole in an unhealthy state. And
it may surprise you how far the diseased
tissue will run.

If boring insects are within the cavity
they must be destroyed before the filling
is put in, either by cutting out bodily with
the knife or suffocating by an injection of
carbon bisulphide into the burrows. When
the cavity is absolutely cleared, cover its
interior with a coat of white lead paint,
which acts both as a disinfectant and helps
to hold the filling. The cavity is then
solidly filled with stone and cement. The
cement is used in mixture with two-thirds
fine sand and not only serves as a bed for
the stone but also forms the outer wall of
the filling. The exposed face of the filling

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

must not be brought out to the same plane
as the outer bark of the tree, but should
recede a little, so that the growing tissue
or cambium which is situated immediately
below the outer bark, can grow over the
cement and cover the whole cavity (if it
be a small one), or grow out sufficiently
to overlap the filling and hold it as a frame
holds a picture.

In many cases, mere gouging out of the
decayed material without the filling will
best serve the purpose. This is true of
all shallow perpendicular wounds caused
by bruised bark. In such cases the bruised
bark should be removed; it will never
adhere to the tree again. Then cut smooth
the rough edges and cover the exposed wood
with coal tar. Coal tar has an antiseptic
as well as protective influence. It becomes
absorbed by the wood of the tree to a
depth of an eighth to a quarter of an inch,

FEMMES:

Where the chisel and gouge alone will serve the pur-
pose better than filling

and destroys every fungus spore with which
it comes in contact. Tar is preferable to
paint for wound dressing, not only because
of its penetrating and antiseptic qualities
but also because it lasts longer and never
peels off in later years.

Bandaging wounds with burlap or cloth
is hurtful to the tree, because beneath the
bandage fungus spores find ideal con-
ditions for development. Wherever I have
seen a bandage applied to a tree wound,
I have invariably found disease on the
wood underneath. Discard all bandages!

If it is an insect that infests your trecs,
observe its habits — whether it feeds by
chewing the leaves, by sucking the sap
from the leaves and twigs, or by boring
into the wood. The choice of the remedy

NovEMBER, 19112

will greatly depend on the method of
feeding. Insects fall into three groups
according to their way of feeding:

Chewing insects (Group 1), such as elm
leaf beetle and tussock moth, are de-
stroyed by spraying the foliage with arse-
nate of lead and paris green. Four pounds
of arsenate of lead and three ounces of
paris green to forty gallons of water will
be a suitable mixture.

The sucking insects, scales or lice (Group
2), are killed by spraying or washing (de-
pending on the habit and life stage of the
insect) with a solution of whale oil soap or
kerosene emulsion or some of the commer-
cial miscible oil emulsions, or other prepara-
tions specially designed for plant lice, all of
which act externally on their bodies, smoth-
ering or stifling them. Care is required in
the use of these solutions, presupposing
a knowledge of the insect and its habits, the
strength of the solution and the time of
application.

The boring insects (Group 3) are killed
by injecting carbon bisulphide into the
burrow and clogging the orifice immediately
with putty or soap, or in some cases (espe-
cially fruit trees) by cutting out the insect
with a knife.

Certain trees in special localities may
require special and radical treatment.
Thus if your chestnut trees are dying from
the fungus which has killed almost all the
chestnut trees in the vicinity of Greater
New York; or if your hickory trees are
commencing to die (see the October GAR-
DEN MAGAZINE, page 109), the only thing
is to cut them down and burn.

Finally, after all “treatment” is done,
look to better growing conditions — culti-
vate the soil around the trees to a distance
proportionate to the spread of the branches
and apply some fertilizer in the fall and
again in the early spring.

A diseased wound where a filling is justified

For perfect blooms of the large flowered chrysanthemums, only one stem is allowed to The hardy chrysanthemums that grace our gardens in late fall are most

a plant and a greenhouse is essential

effective when grown with a profusion of flowers

The Golden Flower for Everybody’s Garden-— By 8. B. Mitchell

THE REMARKABLE ADAPTABILITY OF THE CHRYSANTHEMUM AS A FLOWER FOR EVERYBODY’S
GARDEN—WHAT TO DO WITH THE OLD PLANTS THIS FALL TO

O WONDER the golden flower of
Japan is a universal favorite, for

its region of successful cultivation seems
to know no bounds. From the Atlantic
to the Pacific it reigns at this season as
the one effective successful flower of both
our gardens and greenhouses. Inthe East-
ern states its greater magnificence is seen in
the “large flowering” kinds
that need the protection of a
house to develop in perfection,
but at the same time there
are the hardy garden types
equally diverse in form and
color.. In all the warmer
regions of the country the
large-flowered type can be
easily grown as a garden plant.
East or West the cultural in-
structions are the same — they
are interchangeable—only the
kind of plant changes, as the
following remarks, written in
California will show. The
author has in mind the large
flowered type such as graces
the exhibition boards of the
East, but the Eastern amateur
can apply all the lessons, as
they appertain equally to the
smaller flowered hardier kinds
of his border:—TurE Epitors.

Of all fall flowers from New England
to California the chrysanthemum is the
most grown, and gives the best returns
in cut flowers and even in garden decora-
tion, yet it is very often neglected, and the
old plants left to drag out a miserable
existence from year to year. Even when
they are properly separated the single

As cut flowers they are best arranged loosely —as they grow

167

HAVE SUCCESS NEXT YEAR

stems are often allowed to grow many
feet high, with a tight bunch of flowers at
the top. The following practice will enable
even the beginner to do very well.

After the plants have finished blooming
in the fall, if you require the place for
something else, dig up the clumps, cut
the old stems to the ground, and replant in
some inconspicuous part of the
garden. By late March or
April, which is quite as early
as it is desirable to start new
plants not intended for ex-
hibition, these old roots will
be a mass of young growths,
each of which is available to
make a new plant. A very
simple way which has given
quite good results is to take
off each of these new shoots
with a few roots attached,
cut off the top so as to leave
only half a dozen leaves, and
plant at once where it is to
bloom. This method, how-
ever, is not well adapted to
the East. A more approved
method is to get rejuvenated
plants by making cuttings of
three inches from the tops of
the new shoots, severing them
just below a joint in the

168

The “‘Japanese’’ type, loose long rays

green wood, and removing the lower
leaves before planting them in light soil
(but preferably in sand) in a place where
they can have shade and water during
this critical stage of their growth. When
renewed growth shows they have rooted,
they may be removed to their permanent
quarters if these be ready, but it may be
well to say here that chrysanthemums
transplant very well with a large ball of
earth if watered a few hours before mov-
ing and given some shade, should a hot
day follow the change of position.

As many varieties need assistance in
“breaking,” it is well to pinch the top

(See

«Japanese incurved,’’ from a terminal bud.
the September magazine)

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

out of any plant which shows no inclination
to branch, as this will result in the pro-
duction of a number of new shoots around
the pinched part. Now the grower has
to decide how many branches he will
allow to each plant, as upon this largely
depends the size of the flowers. If from
one to six stems are left, good individual
flowers may be obtained —the fewer
the shoots, the larger the flowers. From
August on each of the branches may be
expected to produce a cluster of buds, and,
if large flowers are wanted, only one —
generally the central or “crown” bud —
should be allowed to bloom, all the rest
being gradually pinched out while still

A “‘standard’’ must be started very early in spring
and all side shoots rubbed off as the plant develops

small, so as to throw the strength of the
plant into that one flower. Some varieties
do better if the whole top of the shoot is
removed at this stage, and the “second
crown” bud produced is used, but this
is largely a matter of experience. Of
course, if sprays are preferred, only such
disbudding as will prevent crowding is
required. Both for garden and house
decoration these are better for artistic
effect — indeed, the delightful single chry-
santhemums so easily raised from seed,
and the early double varieties, so popular
in England, are grown almost always
in this natural way.

All through the long summer the plants
should be kept supplied with water, but
if a good mulch of old manure is spread
around them it will serve the triple purpose
of conserving the moisture, feeding the
plants, and rendering cultivation unnec-
essary.

NovEmMBER, 1911

‘Japanese reflexed ’’ is characterized by the extra
: length of the pendant rays

As the plants grow taller they will
require tying or staking. If grown in
rows for cut flowers only, an easy way to
do this is to put strong posts at each end
of the rows, string two or three strands of
wire to these, and tie the stems to them
with soft string. When plants are grown
singly, it is better to put three light stakes
around each plant, join the tops by string
or wire, and tie the branches to these, thus
leaving a loose, graceful plant instead of
the bunched-up effect resulting from tying
to a single stake. Much may be done to
lighten this work if dwarf-growing kinds
are obtained as far as possible, for some

A bloom of the same variety as that on the left,
but from a crown bud

NOVEMBER, 1911

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

“Japanese Anemone’’ chrysanthemum Garza. as a ‘‘specimen plant”’ for
exhibition. Careful tying and training all the season is necessiry

of these are so sturdy that they require
no support in a climate where rain has
rarely to be considered.

Tf aphis troubles the plants—and in
the East is their greatest pest —some of
the special solutions offered in the seed

The Umbrella-Bearers, A Worthy Family — By Wilhelm Miller,

stores will control it, and even hosing will
do much to keep the lice off the new
growths, or you can use the standard
kerosene emulsion.

In California I have found the diabrotica,
a green bug with black spots on its back,

Another form of ‘‘specimen plant’’ and a *‘Japanese”’ variety. The perfection of
form, even distribution of flowers and their uniform condition are points of merit

very destructive of the buds and flowers,
the only parts it feeds on. Even the
experiment stations suggest no remedy
other than picking them off and throwing
them into coal oil. This is best done in
the morning.

New
York

A TYPE OF BEAUTY THAT SHOULD BE REPRESENTED IN EVERY GARDEN— SOME HAVE TROPICAL LUXURI-
ANCE, OTHERS FERN-LIKE DELICACY; SOME ARCHITECTURAL QUALITY, AND ALL HAVE NATIVE DIGNITY

(Eprtors’ Nore.— The “Fun of Collecting” series is designed for beginners who would like to become experts.

It renounces the pedantic and useless way of

describing plants in alphabetical order and tries to tell their human interest, what they are good for, and how best to use them.)

Vie a jolt that phrase will give some
of my botanical friends — the “um-
brella bearers!”” How some botanists hate
imagination! One of my old teachers,
who has never read Tyndall “On tte
Scientific Use of the Imagination” would
call this “yellow journalism.” He cannot
deny that the language of botany is full
of imagery, but it is discreetly swathed in
Latin. “‘Umbel” means umbrella, but
to call the Umbellifere “‘umbrella bearers”
is unforgivable, like the nude in art. Only
one thing could be worse, viz. “Curious
Cousins of the Carrot.”

No one has ever invented a good English
name for the vast family of Umbellifere
—the fascinating group which contains
those humble denizens of the kitchen
garden — carrot, parsnip, celery and pars-
ley — and those herbs of Biblical allusion
and fragrant memory — anise, caraway,
coriander, cumin, fennel, dill, and lovage.
Yet all these favorites of our grand-
mother’s garden have one trait in common;
they bear flat clusters of small flowers,
usually white or yellow, with stems radiat-
ing from a common point like the ribs of
an umbrella. Doubtless this is not abso-
lutely true, for every family has its imi-

showing the curious,

1. Hydrocotyle repanda,
shield-shaped leaves which are so unlike the ordinary
habit of an umbel-bearer

tators and black sheep — individuals who
persist in wearing parasols or even turbans.
But, humanly speaking, the umbrella is
the coat of arms of a mighty interesting
family —a type of beauty that should
be represented in every garden.

One may fancy the umbel a token of
sweetness and light, for it holds up each
flower to a fair share of sunshine. The
seven-branched candiestick of the Hebrews
was an umbel; and the papyrus of the
Egyptian was crowned by an umbel,
though that plant belongs to the sedge
family. As to sweetness, are not the umbel-
bearers famous for the aromatic flavors of
their stems — witness celery, fennel, lovage,
sweet cicely and those aromatic seeds used
in confectionery and bakery, to wit, cara-
way, coriander, and celery?

Certain it is that the umbel has made a
considerable impress upon art. New deco-
rative motives never charm like those
which are thousands of years old. The
meaning of the old symbols may be known
only to scholars, but eyen the most ignorant
experience strange stirrings of the sub-
consciousness at the sight of the swastika,
the reed-bound axe that stands for power,
and the lamp that symbolizes learning.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

2. Gum seseli, a plant which imitates the foliage of a marguerite and the inflorescence of a tansy. It
has beautiful gray foliage and the white flowers are an exquisite pink when in bud

And that is why every garden should con-
tain some old, old plants like the grape
which has twined its tendrils into the child-
hood of the human race. For nothing
refreshes the human soul like the old
memories stirred by old plants in a garden.

FENNEL AND SWEET FENNEL

One of the oldest friends of humanity
among the umbrella-bearers is the common
fennel, Fig. 5. This particular specimen,
having plenty of room and food, grew six
feet high and was crowned with yellow
flowers in clusters about four inches across.
For many centuries fennel has been grown
in Europe partly for its aromatic. seeds,
but chiefly for the young’ leaves which
are still used for flavoring soups, etc.
To most Americans, however, the sweet-
ness of the umbrella-bearers is rather
sickish. Certainly we have many better
vegetables nowadays, and the time has
come for fennel to enjoy a green old age
in decorative herb borders, because of its
beauty and because the seeds are pleasant
for children to nibble. The market gar-
deners treat it as an annual, but the ama-
teur may consider it perennial. Fennel
has two characteristic beauties; the foliage
has the delicacy of an ornamental aspara-
gus, while the stems are as strong as canes
and have a striking bluish green color.
The whole plant is full of athletic slender-
ness and graceful strength, like an Athenian
soldier beside which the giant parsnip is
coarse and heavy — Spartan. The scien-
tific name of common fennel is Feniculum
officinale.

My friends who have been to Italy often
ask ‘‘What is that curious vegetable we

liked so much at Florence which they
called jfinocchio?”” The Florence or sweet
fennel (Feniculum dulce) is valued for the
thickened bases of the leaf-stalks which
are oval and almost bulb-like. They are
earthed up for blanching and are not fit
to eat until boiled. The edible part is
about three or four inches long. It is
an annual vegetable which quickly matures
from spring-sown seed, whereas the com-
mon fennel is perennial and the seed is
best sown in late fall to ensure early ger-
mination.

THE GIANT FENNELS

The finely cut beauty of the fennels
rises to a climax in the giant fennels, a
superb example of which is shown in Fig. 3.

Although the stems tower to a height
of ten feet, there is nothing bold or coarse
about them. The whole plant is a marvel
for softness of texture and fineness of
division. The clusters of white flowers
are molded into soft, fluffy balls. The
excessive fineness of the foliage baffles
the eye at first, but there is system in all
this bewildering detail, which is expressed
in the botanical language by the phrase
“‘four times ternately pinnatisect.” Fancy
such a plant against the dark background
of a cedar of Lebanon or a broad-leaved,
evergreen bamboo!

The most heartfelt appreciation of this
noble plant that I know of is Robinson’s
account of it in “‘The English Flower
Garden,” from which I shall quote freely.
Ferulas, he says, are “among the finest
umbelliferous plants that have so long
remained unnoticed in our botanic gardens,
their charm consisting in large tufts of

NovemBer, 1911

the freshest green leaves in early spring.
The leaf is apt to fade early in autumn,
but this may be retarded by cutting out
the flower-shoots the moment they appear,
though these are not ugly. Where bold
spring flowers are naturalized a group of
these fine-leaved plants will be valuable,
with their fine plumes rising in early spring.
A good way is to place them singly, or in
small groups, just outside a shrubbery,
or isolated on the grass, so that their
verdure may be seen in early spring.
Ferulas are readily raised from seed. The
plants do not bear division well. One of
the most valuable is F. Tingitana. It
takes several years to form strong plants,
and they look like massive plumes of large
filmy ferns. F. communis is also a good
species, and others, including F. glauca,
Neapolitans, Ferulago and Persica, may be
added where variety is sought, but the
first two are not surpassed.”

WONDERFUL VARIETY IN FOLIAGE

The great family of the umbrella-
bearers might be likened to an oriental
army come to overwhelm the Greeks.
All bear aloft the common standard, a
flower, but no two are dressed alike.
Thousands of types are mixed in hopeless
confusion, gigantic and dwarf, in raiment
that is coarse or fine, green, gray or blue —
but all wild and picturesque. My eyes
were first opened to the pictorial possi-
bilities of these umbellifers by a chapter in
Robinson’s ‘‘Wild Garden.” For Robin-
son is one of the best friends the weeds have
ever had. Artists have always loved to
paint them, and all of us have been im-
pelled to buy pictures of plants we would
never tolerate in our gardens. But Robin-
son invented the wild garden for the special
benefit of picturesque plants which are too
savage for polite places. The giant parsnip

(Fig. 4) is a splendid example of the umbel- —

bearers, whose chief fault is that they tend
to multiply too fast. But in the wild
garden. they require no care after planting
except beheading at the proper moment.
For we wish to enjoy the flowers of such
plants but not let them go to seed. This
is a man’s game which ought to appeal
more to some Americans than pottering
over seedlings on hands and knees.

But to return to the variations in foliage
among the umbel-bearers, I can give only
a few examples which delighted me so much
in the botanic garden at Cambridge that
I asked Mr. Wallis to go there and picture
them forreaders of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE.

First we get a plant in Fig. 2 that mimics
the clothing of a marguerite. And yet
the flower has had its head turned by
the finery of tansy. Gum seseli is made
from this herb, which is known to botanists
as Seseli gummiferum. As usual, Robinson
ts the only author who seems to have seen
and loved this plant, for he speaks of the
“pleasing glaucous or almost silvery tone”
of the foliage. My notes say that the
flowers are white, and that they are par-
ticularly lovely in bud, when they are pink.
Everyone who appreciates the importance

NovEMBER, 1911

of gray-leaved plants should make a note
of this plant for his herb border. It is
a biennial and may require a dry, sunny,
well drained position, e. g. on a sheltered
bank.

Second, we get in Fig. 6 a plant that
mimics the perennial coreopsis, viz. Peu-
cedanum coriaceum. It is a better plant
than it seems from the picture, for the open
clusters of greenish yellow flowers are
delicate and interesting, even if not showy.
The plant ought to make a good ground-
cover in rough places for it is very compact,
growing about one and a half feet high and
three feet across, and forming perfect
mounds of fresh green foliage.

Third, we get in Fig. 1 an aberrant form
called Hydrocotyle repanda. I do not
recommend this for cultivation, for the
green flowers are not attractive, but the
shield-shaped leaf is sure to arouse wonder.
Is this the way the umbrella-bearers first
armed themselves for the battle of life?
Do the highly bred members hark back,
in their seed-leaves, to such a form as
this? Can the botanists decipher from
these shields the original family from which
these umbel-bearers spring? Whether we
ever know the answers to such questions
is of small consequence to the gardener,

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

but to live amid a wonder world seems
to me very desirable in a commonplace
age. And so I should like to see that
little bedding plant which is said to be
cultivated in Washington, D. C., under
the name of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides.
The word Hydrocotyle means “water
beaker,” referring to the fact that these
plants grow near the water, and to the little
cuplike depression in the centre of the leaf.

SUBTROPICAL FOLIAGE EFFECTS

Another type of foliage in which the
umbrella-bearers are rich is the large,
highly compound leaf which has a strong
suggestion of the tropics. The most
familiar example is Angelica. Almost
every lover of the country has at some time
paused before a swamp where a colony
of lusty herbs five or six feet high arrested
the attention. |
of Angelica hirsuta in the catalogue of a
nurseryman who specializes on plants of
the southern Appalachians. Few plants
look as if they were gladder to be alive.
The lush growth, fecundity and infinite
detail in Angelica rejoice the heart of your
true boggist. The leaves are biternate,
with quinate divisions.

An allied genus which is equally suitable

There is a beautiful picture ©

171

for bog gardens, and for no other place, is
Archangelica. The most famous member
of that genus is A. officinalis, an old
European plant, with ternately decom-
pound leaves. The stems and ribs were
formerly blanched and eaten like celery,
and the plant is still used in confectionery.

Robinson pictures a striking plant called
Molospermum cicutarium which grows five
feet high and has large pinnately cut leaves
and huge, compound umbels.

When bog gardens become as popular
in America as they are in England our
swamps will be scoured for the grandest
plants of this sort. Such plants are too
coarse and too strong-smelling, when
bruised, to be planted in ordinary gardens,
but they are appropriate ornaments of
wet places. The wonder never ceases
that the fertile earth can bring forth in a
single season such monumental plant-
architecture. One must be careful to
avoid the water hemlock, that banal
herb which furnished the fatal draught
for Socrates. Its name is Conium, and
it is described in all the botanies.

A WOODLAND AND WATERSIDE BEAUTY

Most of these water-loving members of
the Umbelliferee are wonderfully robust,

3. Giant fennel (Ferula),which grows ten feet high and has fluffy balls of
white flowers, and is prized for the exceeding fineness of its foliage. The whole

plant is a marvel for softness of texture

high and has white flowers.

4. The giant parsnip (Heracleum villosum or giganteum), which grows ten feet

Other species in cultivation are H. lanatum, Sibiri-

cum, eminens, pubescens, and Wilhelmsi

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

5. Common fennel (oeniculum officinalis), an herb long cultivated for its aromatic seeds and for the
young shoots, which are used for flavoring. It has yellow flowers

but sweet cicely (Myrris odorata) has all
the delicacy of a fern. It has finely cut
foliage with an anise-like odor which is
pleasing to some. Whether this is the
myrrh of the Bible, or not, I cannot say.
But it is a fine plant for woodland walks.
It grows about three feet high and has
flat clusters of white flowers in early sum-
mer.

I shall always remember the beauty
of sweet cicely by the water side at
Gravetye. There is a fine colony of it
also in Miss Kneeland’s garden at Lenox,
under a willow by the pool. At Regent’s
Park in London I saw a whole island covered
with it, and I feel unusually confident in
recommending this plant to Americans who
have grasped the‘spixit of wild gardening.
This European species must not be con-
fused with the ‘‘syeet:cicely ”’ of American
botanies, as the latter has a long, sharp
bur that»‘penetrates ‘one’s clothing. Its
name is Osmorhiza:

if Ls

THE GIANT PARSNIP

- So far we have spoken mostly of feminine
types of vegetation — finely cut, delicate
plants. Now we come to a masculine
type, the giant parsnip shown in Fig. 4.
I am very glad to have an American pic-
ture of this, because it is a straw that shows
how the current is setting. Ten years
ago few, if any, Americans could have
seen any beauty in such a weed, but
Robinson’s ‘“‘ Wild Garden” seems to have
freed a great many souls. I hope all my

readers can see as Clearly as any architect’

or painter the pictorial possibilities of a
plant with such rugged stems as these
towering to a height of eight to twelve
feet.

Consider the bold leaves, two feet
long and nearly as wide, as rugged and

pagan as the leaf of an acanthus. What
could be more masterful than the way in
which the flower clusters branch off!
These clusters are often a foot and a half
across and contain dozens of small white
flowers. It is doubtless the grandest of
all the unbel-bearers to use as a lawn
specimen or to mingle with tall shrubbery.
Ever since I devoured Richard Jefferies’
allusions to it I wished to see this virile
plant, and during my summer in England

NovEMBER, 1911

I rejoiced in the sight of it everywhere.
There were noble colonies at Regent’s
Park. Mr. Fremlin uses it in great
quantity near the wooded entrance to
his home in Kent.

There is enough of the spirit of a
Saxon pirate in an Englishman to ap-
preciate a rough character like the giant
parsnip. He uses bold plants in bold
ways, especially in large colonies on the
banks of rivers and lakes, where they attain
astounding size and great dignity. Sir
Henry Maxwell has a colored plate in
“Scottish Gardens” which shows how the
British understand the art of making
garden pictures with wayside weeds and
plants that are ordinarily despised.

I know a worthy botanist who is bitten
by umbellomania. He spends a good
part of his life describing new species.
To him the great things in life are the oil
tubes in the seeds, the primary ridges,
intervals, and commissures. Such a man
sometimes fails to see the forest for the
trees.

I care little whether any one ever
buys any of the plants I have mentioned.
But I do care if every one’s eyes can be
opened to the glories which only the poet
and painter have hitherto seen. Ah, if
we could all free ourselves from the hard,
practical, matter-of-fact viewpoint long
enough to see every day a little of the won-
der and beauty of the humblest weeds
about us, how much happier we should
all be!

And in the wild garden we have a
chance to create new wonders of form
and color, for wild plants often respond
admirably to the opportunity we give
them.

6. A plant that mimics the foliage of a coreopsis— Peucedanum coriaceum. What an excellent ground
cover it would make

A gan itn cal

Potting Plants

[ees is a busy time in school. The

weather is Jess and less dependable,
and so every one feels hurried. There are
so many nice plants in the school gardens
and in the neighborhood gardens. If
plants are taken up and potted for the
window garden, they will do far better
throughout the entire winter if left out-
doors as late as possible. Because of this
“weathering” the plant is better able to
endure its future hardships and is also less
prone to lice and the various plant diseases.

Good soil is the first consideration in
potting. Perhaps it is not necessary to
fuss so much over the preparation of a
potting soil as some people think. A
good soil is needed —that is all. One
does not need to mix a great portion of
fertilizer with the soil. Old rotted manure
may be worked in sparingly; fresh fer-
tilizer should never be used. If the soil
is heavy and clayey, mix in some fine clean
sand, one-fifth the amount of the total
quantity of soil being a safe proportion.
The sand lightens the soil and helps the
drainage problem. If the soil is too sandy
to start with, thus lacking body, add
leaf mold from the woods to make one
fifth of the total bulk. If it is impossi-
ble to get leaf mold try very old rotted
manure, but in that case use only a
little. The sheep manure put up in
packages by the seedsmen is_ excellent
to use in the preparation of potting soil.
The city schools have always the hardest
problems of this sort. Sheep manure is
possible for them. Try applying to the
Park Boards of your cities for small
quantities of soil.

After the soil is mixed, the pots are to
be filled. See that they are quite clean.
Scrub the old ones with sand and water.
Soak up the new ones until you see no bub-
bles rising to the surface of the water.
This soaking up of the pot prevents too
rapid drying out of the soil.

It is absolutely necessary to provide
a proper amount of drainage material
in the pot or window box. Pieces of broken
crocks, charcoal, or stones may be used
for the purpose. Stones are the very
poorest things to use. They, of course,
absorb and hold very little water. But
if one has no other material to use they are

HOUSE PLANTS FOR SUNNY AND
SUNLESS WINDOWS — HOW TO POT
AND CARE FOR PLANTS —INSECT
PESTS AND HOW TO FIGHT THEM

Conducted by

ELLEN EDDY SHAW
New York

better than nothing. At least they repre-
sent a loose area at the bottom of box or
pot where air may penetrate. Broken
crock is better than stone for drainage
purposes. Charcoal is best of all because
it adds sweetness to the soil, and a mass
of soil, such as there is in a window box,
is so likely to get water-soaked and sour.
A combination of broken crocks and char-
coal is good too.

The question is often asked as to the
amount of drainage material to use. First,
of course, one must cover the drainage hole
in the pot with a bit of crock. Do this
for each separate hole in the bottom of
the window box. Place about one inch
of drainage material in small pots, pans
and flats, and two inches or more in window
boxes and large pots. This may sound
like a great deal of space to devote to
drainage material, but just try it and
watch the results.

After attending to the drainage fill in the
soil. Do not fill the pot full of soil and then
poke the plant in. Fill the pot about
half full of soil, then hold the plant in
position, allowing room enough for the

The pest most common to house plants is lice or
aphis. Spray with soapy solution or dilute oils, etc.

173

roots to take an uncramped position.
Hold the plant with one hand, and fill

in soil with the other. Firm the plant in
place. After potting you should be able
to hold up the plant, pot and all, by the
plant staik.

Do not fill the soil clear up to the top
level of the pot. A good half inch should
be left for watering. The rule is the
same in the case of the window box.

House Plants

A OER question arising is that of

the kinds of plants to use for house
culture. Geraniums are the most satis-
factory of all plants. But they do their
best in sunny windows. A window box
full of bright red geraniums with wander-
ing Jew or English ivy, trailing over the
edge, is the best for the school-room. If
the box is to be in a sunless window, then
this is an entirely different proposition.
So it all resolves itself into a division of
plants, one for sunny conditions, and the
other for sunless.

In the north windows try begonias.
The coral begonia is an excellent one to
try. Fuchsias, dracena, pandanus and
aspidistra do well with little or no sunlight.
Ferns, palms, ivies and the different
varieties of asparagus grown indoors,
will thrive without sunlight. Geraniums,
heliotropes, abutilons and roses need direct
sunlight. Alyssum and petunias may be
taken up from the garden, potted and
kept in the sunny windows all winter long.

The areca, kentia, and Cocos Weddelliana
palms are the best home palms. For the
hanging basket buy a plant called “little
pickles” or Othonna Capensis. This may
be increased by planting pieces of it in the
soil.

Watering of Plants

PUN may be as greatly injured

by too much water as by too little.
This is rather difficult to regulate; give
plants water when they need it, and when
you do water, do it thoroughly.

Plants that are to remain without at-
tention over Sundays in classrooms are
often left standing in saucers full of water.
Try placing the pot on two matches laid
in the bottom of a saucer filled with water.

The scale insect, protected by its hard crust, is a
persistent enemy. Spray with kerosene emulsion

The pot, thus lifted a bit from the bottom
of the saucer, gets a certain amount of air
otherwise cut off from it. During the
week days do not allow the plants to stand
in saucers full of water, since, as you see,
the water cuts off air.

To tell when a plant needs watering,
try this method: Knock the side of the pot
sharply with your knuckles. If the resulting
sound is dull you may be sure that the soil
has water in it. But if the sound be
hollow, then you know that the soil is dry.

When possible, place the potted plants
in a pail of water. The water should not
reach, of course, to the top of the pot.
Now the water passes through the drain-
age hole to the soil. When the top sur-
face of the soil is wet, remove the pots
from the receptacle. Whatever method of
watering you apply let it be a thorough one.

The fern ball and hanging baskets are
hard things to water. This suggestion
may help. Take a small can, make a pin
hole opening in the bottom, and fill the can
with water. Place it in the midst of the
foliage in the top of the hanging basket or
fern ball. The water slowly and constantly
drips out of the hole in the can. If the
foliage is dense, the can may be quite
hidden from view.

Plant Pests

A’ the season advances the house plants

are troubled often by pests, the
most common being lice and mealy bugs.
Before one knows it the stalks and under
surface of the leaves are covered with plant
lice. These little lice suck the juices of the
plant. Oftentimes it is quite sufficient
to give the plant a good washing with a
solution of soap and water. Use any good
white soap, for this work. A special prep-
aration for plant lice (or aphis) is sold in
the seed stores — you merely have to mix
with water. Another remedy is tobacco
water. Cut some tobacco stems, and soak
them in hot water. Dilute this liquid until
it becomes the color of weak tea; then with
a soft rag moistened in the tobacco water,
wipe off the lice. You may have to do this
more than once.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Perhaps some day you will see cotton-
like masses on the under surface of a
plant’s leaves. These masses are not
cotton but mealy bugs and must be imme-
diately removed. Sometimes a spray of
clear water will wash them off, but if not,
try kerosene emulsion. This is made in the
following manner: Shave up one quarter
pound of white soap, to which add two
quarts of boiling water. Add four quarts
of kerosene and shake the solution well.
When you need to use this, add eight cup-
fuls of water to one cupful of this oily solu-
tion. It is now ready to use on the plant

lice or mealy bugs, and should be applied
with a rag.

Another common house-plant pest is
Scales appear on the under

the scale.

The mealy bug, another house-plant pest, looks like
masses of cotton. Spray with kerosene emulsion

surfaces of plant leaves. Under the
hard outer shell or scale is the in-
sect. It is well protected by its shell,
beneath which it does its harmful work.
Take a cupful of kerosene emulsion, add
four cupfuls of water, and spray the poor
infected plant.

As soon as any pest appears, get after

The coldframe may be a source of supply all winter.
Bank the frame with leaves

it. We must keep our plants healthy.
To accomplish this try to keep the tem-
perature of the room down, and, to prevent
the air from getting too dry, keep a saucer
of water standing in the room. Remember
that those indoor conditions which are bad
for us are harmful also to plants.

Monthly Suggestions

(pMTER. the first light frost cover the
outdoor bulb beds. An inch of
barnyard dressing is sufficient to place
over the top surface of the bed. Cover
this with a plentiful amount of dried leaves.

NovEMBER, 1911

Sacking or heavy wrapping paper may be

used for this. A few stones put upon this
outer covering hold it in place during the
high winds of early winter.

(2) Chinese lilies should be started for
Christmas bloom. Allow about six weeks
for good development of blossoms.

(3) The window boxes, after being
filled, may be left out in the school yard
until nearly frost time. The plants will
do better all winter long for this weather-
ing. Fill the box full of plants. This
crowded condition of the plants in the win-
dow box is really conducive to successful
plant growth. Pink geraniums, marguerites
and vinca make a good combination for
the school box. After all bright red ger-
aniums areperhaps the most satisfactory
of all for school purposes.

(4) It is a good plan to have the school
garden ploughed up before frost.

(5) Do not forget the coldframe. If
there is no time for the boys to make one
in the school shop, make a rude frame of
boards. Make this like the sand boxes
used in the play grounds. Set this in the
ground before frost. Place it so it gets
the full benefit of the sun’s rays. Spade
up the ground for this to a depth of eighteen
inches. Dig the soil out and place in this
space from eight inches to one foot of
manure. Over this spread six inches
or so of good top soil. Set the frame.
Have the back of the frame higher than the
front. If you can have no glass covering
for your frame, mulch well the prepared
soil within the frame confines. Thus the
soil is kept in good condition.

A Child’s Experience with
Bulb Planting

M* bulb is a daffodil. I bought it at

school, planted it in a can, buried
it out of doors in the earth and covered it
with leaves. I kept it there three months.
At the end of that time I brought it in
and put it in the cellar where it was half
light. I watered it every day. In two
weeks I brought it in the house and put
it on a window sill. Soon my mother
called my attention to something that
didn’t look like a leaf. JI watched it

every day until one morning I found that
it had opened. It was a daffodil!
WIiLiiaM CARNIE.

Good-by to this garden season. All crops are har-
vested and tools cleaned

Two Flavors for Apple Jelly

Fo jelly made of astrachans or crab

apples, or of any tart apple, an old
Pennsylvania custom advises the use of
lemon verbena or rose geranium for
flavoring. If properly made and not too
strong, the jelly so treated is most delicious.

To the clear apple juice, add very nearly
pound for pint of sugar. (The juice
should have been measured cold as it
dripped from the jelly bag and the sugar
computed on this volume; but the juice
should boil hard fifteen minutes and be
skimmed, before the sugar is put in.) Stir
to dissolve the sugar, and bring the syrup
to boiling. A pint of juice, with its added
fourteen ounces of sugar, makes three
good glasses of jelly, or four if the glasses
are small.

To estimate rose geranium for flavor,
the best rule is “half a leaf a glass, dropped
in branch and all.” This may sound
rather more like forestry than cookery;
but as the leaves run on a geranium plant,
large and small and middling, big branches
and little branches, this rule averages to a
delicate satisfactory flavor in the jelly.
After sugaring, boil five minutes to thor-
oughly incorporate all the sugar with the
fruit acid. During the Jast two minutes
drop in the gera-
inum branches. Allow
them to cook limp
and brown, then re-
move with a fork at
once; a coarse and bit-
ter taste results from
too much steeping.
Herein, probably, lies
the secret magic of
“branch and all”;
loose leaves could not
all be fished out of the
kettle at the psycho-
logical instant. Then,
as soon as the flavor-
ing is done, draw back
the kettle, cool a lit-
tle, remove the last
froth, and pour into
glasses. Seal with par-
affn as soon as the
jelly is cold.

For lemon verbena
flavoring, which is
more delicate and
fragrant than any

lemon-peel in the world, use the fresh
herb just as in the case of geranium. ‘The
proportion is “two leaves a glass”; 7. e.,
six leaves of medium size, on their branch,
should be allowed to every pint of the
unsweetened apple juice. If the lemon
verbena is old growth, use twice this
allowance to get the necessary quantity
of aromatic sap into the hot jelly. Fine
young juicy twigs give proportionately
more than the average per leaf. With
geranium the flavor may be overdone and
seem sickish; lemon verbena is not likely
to be strong or cloying. Do not “guess”
at the finished result by tasting the warm
jelly. Both leaf-flavors come out triple
strength when the jelly is cold.
Pennsylvania. E. S. JOHNSON.

Plants in a North Window

fe IS generally supposed that a north
window is unsuitable for plants, par-
ticularly if plants are to be started from
seeds and cuttings. But I was forced
to utilize such a window and was suc-
cessful owing, I think to furnace heat
and the depth of loam that is used in
the bed.

I first had a box made to fill the entire
space of the window. It was nine inches

®

A flower box in a north window which by furnace heat was transformed into a propagating box

175

deep and lined with zinc; the flooring
was inclined and in one corner was a vent
to let out superfluous water. I ran a
pipe from the furnace to a register that
opened under the box and close to the
window. This gave me what was prac-
tically a propagating bed and by regulating
the heat I grow about anything. I save
a number of my plants from year to year,
and early in the spring I plunge them into
this bed. They are of good size when
transplanting time comes along.
Massachusetts. D. F. O’CoONNELL.

Two “‘ Discoveries”’

T IS hard to remove stains from white

lined cooking utensils, but this little

suggestion may save considerable labor
and time.

When a dish is scorched, one can dig
the stain off with a chain dish cloth: but
that leaves marks.

When stains from string beans, spinach,
etc., and scorching are to be removed,
we take one part lime (which is bought
in ten cent cans) and five parts of washing
soda, dissolved in boiling water, and let the
mixture stand a few hours, in the dish that
is to be cleansed. After this the dish is
found to be perfectly white and clean.

About once a week
it is a good plan to
place one dish within
another, fill them all
up with hot water,
and so clean all, in-
side and out.

H. E. M.

To keep the inside
of a carafe or water
bottle perfectly clean,
empty the contents of
the teapot into it after
luncheon. Shake the
carafe well, so that
the tea leaves touch
every part of it; then
let it stand for a few
hours. Add water if
the tea does not fill
the bottle. When
emptied and rinsed
with clean water the
glass will be quite
clear.

M. E. JAcKSon.

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gh a stamped and addressed envelope for reply is

MaAGazingE, therefore, has the advantage of the most expert advice that

We cannot, for instance, undertake work that properly belongs to expert professional

gn or for garden making or for buildings—because this really requires intimate

knowledge of the special conditions and a personal inspection ; nor can we make complete planting lists for individual purposes.

We are, however, in such cases ready to give references to people

Moving red cedars in November

I want to move some cedar trees about nine or
ten feet high and three feet or more in diameter,
from the woods to my garden. The soil is very
dry and sandy. We are never able to transplant
evergreens in August, because nearly every year
we have a long drouth at that time, and the soil
is like ashes. These trees are to protect a small,
formal, spring garden from the east winds. At
what time in the year should they be dug? How
moved, and prepared?— H. T. B., Massachusetts.
— Cedar trees can be moved with perfect safety
now, and if there is a ball of earth around the
roots of the trees they can be moved at any time
except in actually freezing weather, as cedars
object to having their roots exposed to the frost.
When moving large native cedars, take balls of
earth five feet in diameter and about two feet deep
with each one of the trees. The ball is dug around
and canvas wrapped around the roots and the
whole is roped over and over so as thoroughly 10
tighten the ball of earth. Trees thirty to forty
feet high, weigh from one to two tons each. The
whole secret is to take a large enough ball with
the tree. We think that from the size of the trees
mentioned in your letter the ball of earth should
be at least three feet in diameter, but the size
of the ball is dependent on the kind of soil.. A light
soil requires a larger ball than a heavy soil does.

Seeding a new lawn

On a new lawn, what is best to sow for seed now
and in the spring?— H. E. H., New York.
— Use any of the standard lawn mixtures. Rye
alone should not be used for it is not permanent.
It is used with mixtures because it germinates
quickly, thus giving a green effect within a short
time. It makes no difference whether the seed
is sown now or in the early spring. Read “Lawns
and How to Make Them,” by Leonard Barron.

Transplanting old lilac

Will it kill a seventy-year old lilac bush to trans-

plant it, and if not, is November too late to under-
take such a job?—L. N. G., Virginia.
— As the lilac is always sending forth new suckers
the age of the shrub will not affect the transplant-
ing. If conditions are favorable we do not see
that it would injure the shrub to move it. The
transplanting can be done in the fall as well as
at any other time, perhaps better, because the
lilac starts to grow so early in the spring.

Mulch for bulbs

Manure fills my bed of tulips and narcissus
with weeds, and I am warned against leaves and

straw on account of the prevalence of field mice
in this neighborhood. Will a covering of cocoanut
fibre answer the purpose? —C. A. S., Pennsyl-
vania.

— Cocoanut fibre will prove suitable for the pur-
pose. It is a refuse from cocoanut factories and
can be obtained from orchid growers. It should
be spread over the beds to a depth of from- three
to four inches.

Hardy bald cypress

Where, in the North, can I find a market for the

hardy bald cypress trees which grow in the swamps
in this state? I have been told that this variety
of tree grows faster in the North than in the South :
and because one grower could not buy his trees in
the South, he found it necessary to import the
very young trees from France. Iam in a position
to ship trees in almost any size up to twelve feet. —
C. A. D., South Carolina.
— So far as we know, there is no regular demand
for the hardy bald cypress in the northern markets.
It is sometimes used as an ornamental tree, and
some people recommend it as a street tree. If
you wish to dispose of these trees you will have to
create your own market, and this would have to
be done by judicious advertising in the horticultural
journals. We are in doubt if even this method
would bring you large returns.

Starting in the florist business

Could I succeed as a florist? I have been a
bookkeeper and need a change. I have been very
successful in raising garden flowers, but have had
no greenhouse experience.— E. S., Kentucky.
— The ideal preparation for the florist’s business
is a four-year course at an agricultural college,
with practical work during vacations. Next best
is a short course of ten weeks or so. The following
books would be particularly helpful: “Greenhouse
Construction,” Taft; “Greenhouse Management,”’
Taft; “Forcing Book,” Bailey. Make friends with
the local florists, and learn all you can from them.
— WILHELM MILLER

Protecting poppy plants

In my garden a large number of self-sown poppies

have come up and are now two inches high. Can
they be sufficiently protected to survive the winter?
—T. M. G., New York.
— The only thing you can do with such poppy
plants is to give them a very light mulch of clean
straw litter or leaves. A heavy covering would
surely kill them. See the article on page 158 of
this month’s GARDEN Macazine.

176

who we think could adequately serve the inquirer.
We are always ready, however, to answer specific questions and to make sug

gestions regarding garden designs or planting
plans that may be submitted to us. Address all inquiries to The Garden Magazine R

eaders’ Service, Garden City, Long Island, N. Y.

Fall pruning of privet

I have an old privet hedge that needs recovering.
Can it be pruned in the fall? — J. R., Ohio.
— Privet will stand the severest kind of cutting.
Tt will put out new growth very quickly. We
would cut back the hedge hard during the winter
and depend on the new growth.

Larkspur and plume poppy

Will larkspur and plume poppy grow in half

shade and not exceed five feet in height?— Wo Gs Ws,
California.
— Larkspur and plume poppy will grow very well
in such a situation here in the East, but we do not
know whether they will do well in California or
not. The climatic conditions of the Pacific Coast
are such that plants which thrive in California do
not do-very well here in the East. The Eastern
United States has climatic affiliations with Japan,
while the Pacific Coast has climatic affiliations with
the western coast of Europe. In all probability
both larkspur and plume poppy will thrive, but we
judge that they will attain a height of more than
five feet — from six to eight feet.

Exterminating cutworms ©

My garden (where the soil is a light, sandy loam)

is full of cutworms. Is there any way of getting
rid of them? —S. J., Ontario, Canada.
— Make some bran mash poisoned with Paris
green — a teaspoonful of Paris green to a quart of
bran. Moisten to a thick paste, and put it around
the plot in piles on the surface; do not stir
into the soil. Lock up the chickens, too.

Storing celery outdoors

Please tell me how to keep celery without moving

it, leaving it in the ground where it is now growing?
— H. W. W., Massachusetts.
— In order to keep celery without moving it, dig
a trench as deep as the celery is high and as narrow
as possible in order to pack the celery snugly in
an upright position, the roots remaining in the
soil. Cover with straw, hay or leaves, then add
six to eight inches of soil.

The Gerber pear not flowering

About five years ago I purchased two Gerber

pear trees which have never blossomed. What
sort of a pear is this? — F. H., Long Island.
— The Gerber pear is a native of Pennsylvania.
The trees, when they have attained their growth,
are only of medium size. The fruit is astringent
and juicy and is used for cooking. This pear is
only a medium quality fruit. The trees will doubt-
less bloom in due time.

For information about popular resorts
write to the Readers’ Service

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Bulbs

Direct from HOLLAND

177

NovEMBER, 1911

Domes of Silence
** The Invisible Caster Without Wheels’’

“Domes of Silence” are little discs of
hardened, highly-polished nickled steel.
Furniture fitted with them will glide
easily, silently and smoothly over car-
pets and floors. The Domes may be put
in place in a few seconds—they need
neither screws nor nails, They are fitted
to light furniture, such as chairs, tables,
eic., by a gentle tap of the hammer,
and to heavy furniture by simply plac-
ing one under each corner — they fix
themselves on any kind of furniture.

Doloiisthle ge
Caster f
Withoutl- C

Whi 0/3

Hyacinth
Tulips
Narcissus
Crocus

Try them on your Furniture and let us Supply your Re-

The

Giant Darwin Tulips

The finest Tulip grown.
Over 50 named varieties.

quirements. 15c. a set of 4—Zin the following sizes.
sizes at the same price.

No.1 - aloe) ele eR sinch | INOn Gi) lee valltite: le) Wee
INosp2 een =n eat Ogu inch |) Nos 4) lier l= tml ones
INO: 2 5\n=i e-em oRtinch

58 inch
Y, inch

The method of applying “Domes
of Silence to chairs, light furniture, etc.,
is pictured in this little illustration.

¥ The | :
Invisible Caster

Paeonies in great variety from the largest fib Cast

collection. These and many other vari-
eties of Bulbs are found in our 1911
Autumn Catalogue, mailed free.

For your protection and ours, and to
help you, the words “Domes of Sil-
ence” are Registered at U. S. A.
Patent Office as a Trade-Mark.

Avoid Imitations

DOMES OF SILENCE DIVISION

19 State St., New York City, N. Y.

Fottler-Fiske-Rawson Co.

Faneuil Hall Square Boston See that Patent No. 7325708 is on

Inside of Each Caster

Any One Can
Grow Mushrooms

Delightful Occupation — Delicious Delicacy for
the Home Table and a Good Income if You Wish

Three Magazines

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COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA

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THE GARDEN MAGAZINE—
FARMING

telling how to make things grow.

$1.50 a year.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
Garden City New York

women how to grow mushrooms

successfully. Most all of them are
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| HAVE shown thousands of men and

Growing mushrooms is really no more
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It’s just a matter of knowing how.

Every failure in the mushroom busi-
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I Will Tell You How

I have written a little book which
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ete. It also tells about spawn and how
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If you have never tried mush-
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Jackson Mushroom
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6268 North Western Avenue
CHICAGO, ILL.

178

property? Ask the

What is a fair rental for a given

QB Ist 39, (EAL Jet ID) 18) IN|

Readers’ Service

MAGAZINE

NovEemMBER, 1911

In the Bell

Membership in the telephone
democracy of the Bell System means
equal opportunity for every man,
no matter who he is or where he is.

Each member of this Bell democ-
racy has the same chance of com-
munication, limited only by the
distance the voice can be carried.

However remote, whether in the
adobe house on the Rio Grande, on
the Montana sheep ranch or in the
isolated New England farm house,
the Bell telephone is an open door-
way to the Universal Bell System.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE

Democracy

From each Bell outpost run lines
that connect it with the central office
—that nerve center of the local
system.

Long distance and toll lines con-
nect these nerve centers and furnish
clear tracks for telephone talk
throughout the land.

12,000,000 miles of wire are the
highways over which 20,000,000
telephone talks are carried daily.

The Bell System binds together
the social and business activities of
a people in a shoulder-to-shoulder
march of progress.

AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY

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A scientific remedy which has been

skilfully and successfully administered by
medical specialists for the past 31 years

AT THE FOLLOWING KEELEY INSTITUTES:

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4246 Fifth Ave.

Columbus, 0.
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Columbia, 8. C.
Winnipeg, Manitoba
London, England

Preparing for Winter

a is the time to set about protecting fruits,
pruning vines, and planting trees and cane
fruits in latitudes where fall planting is followed by

good results. I like to begin pruning grape vines
as soon as the grapes are gathered and the leaves
are off the vines. The grapes we call hardy and
semi-hardy in the latitude of New York require
different systems of pruning; the former can usually
be safely left on the trellis, while the latter may
winter-kill if not laid down.

Here in Southeastern New York, the varieties that
I permanently establish on the trellis by a system
of pruning are Worden, Moore’s Diamond and
Concord, while the Niagara and Delaware are
pruned by a system that admits of their being cut
loose from the trellis and laid down for protection.

WAYS OF PRUNING GRAPE VINES

If a grape vine of any variety was planted last
spring and one cane grew which was tied up to a
single post — which is the right way the first year
of planting —I would cut loose the vine and
cover it with an inch or so of soil, for these young
vines are less hardy than older ones. With the
hardy variety, the second year wires should be put
up on the posts and the vines carried to the top
wire and headed so that arms will grow out along
the wires in the form of a T. These arms can be
permanently established on the wires or trellis, and
the lateral growths from them are the bearing
canes. Thinning out this lateral growth and
cutting back to short spurs those left is the usual
pruning of hardy grapes. Having this general
plan in mind, one can use his judgment and modify
it to suit the individual vine. A strong-growing
variety, like the Worden, can mature a larger crop
than a weak variety, and can carry more wood.
Again individual vines of the same variety are
stronger than others. A vine should be given
work to do according to its size and its vigor of
growth. I do not advise too close pruning of any
vine, because the leaves are its feeding organs.

The semi-hardy varieties of grapes are best
grown by what has been called the renewal system
for they cannot be permanently established on the
trellis. The vines must not be allowed to get so
large that they cannot be bent and laid on the
ground. When the vines are one or two years old
they are cut back to the ground and new ones
allowed to start from the roots to take their place.
The method of pruning is as follows:

When pruning in late fall — for this is the time

7 \ “ae

Niagara grapevine in the late fall before pruning

THE

NovEeEMBER, 1911

Will you accept '/2 pound of
MAROQUISE TEA on Trial ?

Wewillsend you, prepaid, onrequest,a}4pound
package of MARQUISE TEA. Try it fora
week. If you like it, send us 45 cents. If you
are not delighted withitand donot find it better
than anyat $1.50 a pound, you need not pay for
it. Write us that you accept this offer. Price
per lb., after October 1, in 3-lb. lots, 80c.,
delivery prepaid.

The flavor of MARQUISE will teach you why the average English
family uses six times as much tea as the average American home,
These English cousins declare our national taste in tea is barbarous,
MARQUISE is an exquisite blend of choice India and Ceylon leaves:
Such tea as this can be bought in very few localities in the U.S. at
any price. It is the sort you have tasted with delight in Montreal or
London and wished you could get at home. Furthermore, it goes twice
as far as the tea you now use. Send for booklet, ‘Some Little Known
Facts About Tea.’’

William Welch Stanley Co.

142 Federal Street,

Boston, Mass.

Florida Water

“THE UNIVERSAL PERFUME”
Has a distinctive
quality, a rich

invigorating

and permanent

distinguishes it
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eople of taste
Its use trans-
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factual neces-
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fragrance, which
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Sample mailed on receipt of six cents to defray
mailing charges.

LANMAN & KEMP, #5 WATER streer

Why Help Make the Plumber Rich?

Stoppage in waste pipes causes 90% of
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Send me $5 for a Little Giant Pump, express prepaid. Keep it 30 days.
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Lasts a lifetime.

GARDEN MAGAZINE

If You Had
Built One of

For information regarding railroad and steam-
ship lines, write lo the Readers’ Service

is
iwccu

a

Our Greenhouses When We Urged You
To in Our Summer Ads., You Could
Now be Eating Vegetables From It

ND vegetables grown ina greenhouse
are far superior to the outdoors’ ones.
Superior, simply because the growing

conditions in a greenhouse are such that the
best there isin the plants goes toward the
plant’s betterment. None of their strength
is taken to withstand sudden changes in the
weather or too much or too little rain.

By having more than one compartment in
your house you can vary the temperatures in
each and grow an endless variety of things.
Beans, tomatoes, and strawberries, for in-
stance, do splendidly together. Outdoors you
seldom make a success of more than one
crop, while in a greenhouse you can have
several — one following close on the heels of
the other, all the year around.

Then there is the fun—the genuine fun
your greenhouse will give you in watching
the things grow —and helping them a bit
perhaps. To all this should also be added
the satisfaction, the pride of having things
from your own greenhouse.

“How about the cost,” you ask. Well,
there are automobiles for $600 and those for
$6,000, and more; and it’s much the same
with greenhouses. But sure we are, that we
have a house that will exactly meet your
needs and pocketbook. As a matter of
convincement, send for our catalog — select
a house and let us talk it over together.

When you learn what they cost—and
what they will do for the cost—you will
be agreeably surprised. Of that we are sure.

Lord & Burnham Company

Factories:

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Tremont Bldg.

New York
St. James Bldg.

Hill’s
“Hustler”

Ash Sifter

saves the coal you now waste.
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can or ordinary barrel. Lasts
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ware dealers everywhere.

Write today for descriptive Folder, No. 7, which tells
all about this great help to household economy.

Hill-Dryer Company
207 Park Ave. Worcester, Mass.

‘ Franklin Bank Bldg.

IRVINGTON, N. Y.
DES PLAINES, ILL.

Philadelphia

Chicago
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4

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Gives ample power for all farm uses. Only
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Detroit Motor Car Supply Co.© Detroit, Mich. =

The Readers’ Service gives information
180 about automobile accessories

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

NovEmBeER, 1911

The Byzantine W onder Lily

In Bloom. (From a Photo.)

This bulb blooms without either soil
or water.

Color of flowers is of an exquisite blush
rose to rosy lilac.

Golden Stamens in the chalix of each
flower, emitting a delicate, faint fragrance.

Each bulb, according to size, bears
from ro to 15 flowers. MONSTER bulbs
from 12 to 20. Where these bulbs are
wanted to bloom for Thanksgiving or
Christmas, send in your order NOW
and we will keep the bulbs RETARDED
for you, and ship them at proper time.

FULL DIRECTIONS how to treat
the bulb with EVERY order.

Prices Include Delivery

MONSTER Bulbs, ea. 15¢;3 far goc; doz., $1.50; 100, $10.00
s “ea. 25C; 3 for 65c; doz., $2.75; 50, $6.00

Our SUCCESS Collection
of HARDY LILIES

Safe to plant any time tiJl HARD frosts.

EACH I2 I0O

Lil. Longiflorum, long white trumpet 15 $1.25 $ 8.00
Lil. Roseum, white and rosy 1.35 8.50
Lil. Album, glistening white, reflexed

Lil. Magnificum, SUPERB lily, white
and crimson 15 1.25 8.50
Lil. Auratum, GOLDEN QUEEN of
Lilies I.15 8.00
Lil. Washingtonianum, the GEM of
collection, opening white, turning
rosy red; short trumpet
il. Superbum, GRAND lily, 6x7
ft. high, with a wealth of orange;
dark spotted flowers
Lil. Umbellatum, upright, colors
ranging trom nankin buff to deep
orange and apricot

ONE each of the eight
Magnificent Lilies DELIV-
ERY INCLUDED, for
ONE DOLLAR.

Note.— EVERY bulb we send
out is strong, sound, select
and will flower the First Season.
H. H. Berger & Co. IMPORTED

the FIRST LILY bulbs from

Japaneton Wr SaeinietS 77-09 Ever

since have kept up their HIGH
STANDARD of excellence. FULL direc-
tions with every order, How to Grow
Lilies Successfully. Address

H. H. BERGER & CO.
70 Warren Steet, Dept. G, New York

20 1.75 12.00

to prune with this system —the vines that are
too large to bend over without breaking are cut
off close to the ground. The new canes of that
year’s growth are thinned from two to four, or
perhaps more, according to the size and vigor
of the vine, shortened about one-third, and laid
down on the ground. These need but a slight
covering of sgil for protection and to hold them in
place. Some people do not cover them but merely
pin them down with hooks.

The better way is to:pinch off part of the sprouts
from the roots early in the season, and allow to
grow only a sufficient number to properly renew
the vine for next year. I may say, here, that the
next spring the vines which have been latd down
during the winter are taken up in the spring when
danger of hard frost is over, spread out like a fan
and tied to the trellis. By this. renewal system
people living in the colder latitudés, who are sup-
posed to be entirely out of the grape zone, can
grow such early hardy grapes as Winchel and
Moore’s Early.

PROBLEMS WITH BUSH FRUITS

Some of the best varieties of blackberries and
raspberries cannot always be depended upon. to
go through the winter without protection, especially
in low, rich land. The Cuthbert raspberry, one
of the best of the old standard red varieties, and

The same vine after pruning. (—t was also taken
up and replanted.) From actual photographs

some of the best varieties of blackberries, may
winter-kill in some parts of New York. It is not
difficult to lay down these canes for protection,
especially if they have had no summer pruning,
but have been allowed to grow full length. Dig
away the soil on one side of the hill of canes and
carefully bend them over so that they will lie nearly
flat on the ground. Pin them down with hooks
and shovel an inch or two of soil over the canes.

MULCHING STRAWBERRIES

The last of November is not too early to mulch
the strawberry plants, if this is the most con-
venient time, although it may be delayed until
the ground freezes in December. Just what is
the best mulch for strawberries depends on cir-
cumstances. Generally one uses the most conven-
ient material —all kinds of straw, swale grass,
manure, or strawy manure, leaves held down by
branches or corn stalks, pine needles, and even
refuse from the garden is better than nothing.
One plan I am trying which promises well is this:
Prepare the old strawberry bed which is not worth
keeping another year, for buckwheat as soon as
the berries are picked, and use the buckwheat
straw for mulching the new strawberry bed.

RABBITS AND MICE

Do not neglect the protection of small trees,
particularly if you live in the vicinity of woods,
for when the rabbits get hungry in winter they may
gnaw off the bark so as to entirely ruin small trees,
that have not been many years planted. Probably
the best protection is a tube of tarred roofing paper
placed around the trunk of the tree from the ground
nearly up to the branches or smear coal tar on the
bark.

The only reasons for the fall planting of trees
in the latitude of New York are an abundance
of time and a cheaper price for the trees. Further
south, especially in the latitude of Maryland,

Now or Never!!

All spring flowering bulbs should be
planted before the close of November.

Don’t delay if you want your
garden gay next spring. We
have the best of everything in
spring flowering bulbs— Hy-
acinths, Tulips, Narcissus, Jon-
quils, Snowdrops, Crocus, Lily
of the Valley, Squills, Lilies, Iris,
etc., etc., also the best and most
complete line of old-fashioned
Hardy plants—Hardy Climbers,
Hardy Shrubs and other plants
that should be planted in the
Autumn: All are fully de-
scribed in our Autumn Cata-
logue. Sent free on application.

HENRY A. DREER

PHILADELPHIA

THORBURN’S BULBS

Largest and Finest assortment of high grade bulbs and
roots in America. Send for catalogue — mailed free.

J. M. THORBURN & CO., 33 Barclay St., New York

Power for Country Homes

1 H C Gasoline Engines are simple and easy to operate, besides
being economical, durable. and reliable. The ideal power for
pumping water and operating machines on the farm or estate. Write
for catalogues of facts and figures. Address

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA
(Incorporated)
71 Harvester Bldg. Chicago USA

ILLETT’S

HARDY FERNS AND FLOWERS
For Dark, Shady Places

Send for my descriptive catalogue of over 50
pages, which tells about this class of plants.
It’s Free.

For any order of $5 or over, we will send, free,
one-half dozen bulbs of White Trillium. Send
order to-day.

Edward Gillett, Box C, Southwick, Mass.

PRIVET Rest of the Hedge Plants—an ideal hedge for lawn
‘ - as purposes. A quick grower. Nothorns. Easily trained,
California Privet is generally known and uriversally popular. Particularly.

suitable for private grounds. Perfectly hardy and almost evergreen. Large
stock. Prompt shipments. Plant this Fall and gain a season. Write today

for Free Catalogue of Trees, Vines, etc,
COLLINS

LZ ARTHUR J.

Box T Moorestown, N. J.

Make the Farm Pay

Complete Home Study Courses in Agrienlture,
Worticnlture, Floriculture, Landseape Gardening, For-
estry, Poultry Cultnre, and Veterinary Science under
Prof. Brooks of the Mass. Agricultural College, Prof.

Craig of Cornell University and other eminent

teachers. Over one hundred Home Study

Courses under able professors in leading colleges.
250 pace entalog free. Write to-day.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. A.. Springfield, ‘iass.

Prof. Brooks

All sizes 2 inches to 15 inches.
at your station.
THE E. BIGLOW CO.

NEW LONDON, OHIO

The Readers’ Service will give injormation
about the latest automobile accessories 181

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

NovEMBER, 1911

Landscape Gardening

A course for Home-makers and
Gardeners taught by Prof. Craig
and Prof. Beal, of Cornell Uni-
versity.

Gardeners who understand up-to-
date methods and practice are in

demand for the best positions.

A knowledge of Landscape Gar-
dening is indispensable to those
who would have the pleasantest

Pror. Craic homes.
250 page catalogue free. Write today.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G, Springfield, Mass.

pl October and November while dormant. If /
you mulch or bank them before winter they
yvilllive. My Spring and Autumn lists will °

be of much assistance in selecting hardy things
that don’t kill back in cold winters. I offer choice
hardy flowers you may never have seen. A garden of hardy perennials
don't have to be planted every spring. If you buy those that have stood
a Vermont winter they are likely to stay with you some years. Send for
catalogues.

F. H. HORSFORD

Pie ree

Mater Consolatrix By Da Vinci

By Bouguereau Mona Lisa

THE IDEAL
CHRISTMAS GIFT

A gift is cherished not only because of the giver, but on account of the
zenuine benefit and pleasure to be derived fromit. ‘These reasons explain
largely the remarkable demand for ‘‘ The Ideal Collection of the World’s
Great Art”? for Christmas presentation. The collection is first of all a
thing of supreme beauty. The sixty plates contained therein are the most
perfect reproductions ever imported from Europe of the great masterpieces
of Rembrandt, Frans Hals, Rubens, Van Dyck, Murillo, Velasquez,
Titian, Paul Veronese, Raphael, Reynolds, Gainsborough, Landseer,
Corot, Millet, Whistler, and scores of others among the great artists of
the world. Only secondary inimportance to the beauty of the plates are the
sixty descriptive articles, written by the leading art critics and writers of
England and America. These sixty articles, along with the illuminating
introduction by Mr. john La Farge, are a liberal educationin art, When
these articles are read in conjunction with the perfect plates reproduced
from original paintings by sixty master artists, as shown in the collection,
they form a basis for a more complete knowledge of the art of the world
within the last five hundred years than any other collection of its kind ever

published.
IMPORTANT

1 One of the greatest art critics hassaid: “It is the work of art lived
with that opensits beauties to the eye.”” Asthe Ideal Collection affords
a perfect ART GALLERY FOR THE HOME, you liveand have daily
communion with the great pictures included in it. »
2 Tothe traveller “ The Ideal Collection of the World’s Great Art” will
bea perfect memorandum of the beautiful pictures seen in the great
galleries of the Old World.

8 To those who have not beenso fortunate as to visit
the great galleries of the Old World, the ** Ideal Col-
lection” will be a revelation of beauty and will ac-

Charlotte, Vermont

SHEEP MANURE.

Dried and pulverized. No waste and no weeds.
Best fertilizer for lawns, gardens, trees, shrubs,
vegetables and fruit.
Large barrel, freight prepaid East
$4 0O of Missouri River. Cash with or-
e der. Write for interesting booklet
and quantity prices.

The Pulverized Manure Co.
19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago

yet us send you with our compliments a highly
decorative Garden Calendar, which is a com-
plete garden guide for each month of the year. It
is suitable for the den, library or living room. All
we ask is that you send us the name and address
of the dealer from whom you buy your garden
implements. Address: Calendar Department,

AMES PLOW CO., Quincy Market, Boston, Mass.

The Pot of Basil
By Alexander

Psyche
By Lord Leighton

SEND COUPON TO-DAY

Grass Grows Anywhere

Like magic when you sow KALAKA, the Wizard Lawn
Producer. Needs only soil—moisture. Healthy turt and
a beautiful lawn or terrace where everything else fails.
Choicest seed scientifically mixed with a powerful, dry
concentrated animal manure. Goes further than ordinary
seed. Try it. Instructive booklet ‘‘How to Make a
Lawn,’’ /vee—full of lawn “‘helps.” Send forit.

& The Kalaka Company, 814 Exchange Avenue, Chicago.

FREE

To each purchaser of ‘‘The
Ideal Collection of the World’s
Great Art’’ will be presented
his choice of any one of the
following three beautiful pic=
turesin special hand coloring:
**The Sistine Madonna,’’ Ra=
phael’s great masterpiece,

‘The Age of Innocence,”’ Sir
Joshua Reynolds’ beautiful
child picture, or ‘‘The Ange=
lus,’’ the world-famous mas=
terpiece by Millet. Theabove

quaint the owner perhaps ina more thorough way
than travel would have done.

4 As the work is arranged in twelve beautiful vel-
lum portfolios, according to the different schools,
the work may be presented as a whole, or it may be
divided intotwelve parts for Christmas presentation.
5 The sixty plates of the Ideal Collection are worth
from twotofive dollarseach. Forintroductory pur-
poses, 2 small fraction of the actual value of **The
Ideal Collection of the World’s Great Art” will be
quoted for the next thirty days.

TO YOU—FREE

An attractive Fine Art Brochure giving a full description of
“The Ideal Collection of the World’s Great Art,”’ with excerpts

The Doubleday-Page Art

Company

Garden City, New York

Dear Sirs: 1am interested
in The Ideal Collection of
the World’s Great Art, and
shall be pleased to receive the
Fine Arts Brochure with the
special article by Sir Martin
Conway and full information
regarding your Special Dis-

Fy from the descriptive articles and full description of the ‘‘Chart count Offer, terms, Free
ao £ Lou pictures _ are completely of the World’s Great Art,”’ showing all ieiachoolevekacticts Hand-Colored Premium Pic-
Old Cc ] N mounted in a double overlay and giving the titles of the greatest masterpieces with their tures, etc. a a
oO ony urseries mount, ready for the frame proper chronological position, with many other items of inter- F (17 B)
and regularly retail from $6.00 est to the lover of pictures, will be sent immediately upon Write Clearly

HARDY SHRUBS,
EVERGREENS

TREES, VINES,
AND PERENNIALS

A large and fine stock of well-rooted plants grown
in sandy loam. Good plants; best sizes for plant-
ing very cheap, Priced catalogue free on appli-

cation, Wholesale and retail,
T. R. WATSON

BURPEE

Plymouth, Mass.

SEEDS GROW

If you want a copy of the
‘*Leading American Seed

Catalog,’’ for 1911, address BURPEE, Philadelphia.

Looks dead, but after hour in water bursts into
big, rich green, fernlike plant. Can be dried and
revived any time; lasts years. To advertise us,
we'll send a Mexican Resurrection Plant free
(while they last) if you'll send 6c. shipping cost.
Willalsosend fine illustrated catalog of Indian
1 eee and Mexican handicraft, full of Xmas hints.

' Francis E. Lester Co., Dept. J, 11 P. Mesilla Park. New Mex.

to $10.00 each. Send in at
once for full information re=
garding the special dealer’s
discountand the free premium
Dicture.

Art Brochure.

GARDEN CITY,

GEORGE H. PETERSON
ROSE AND PEONY SPECIALIST

Box 50. FAIR LAWN, N. J.

For the benefit of people who cannot
visit my gardens, and wish to order from
sample flowers, I will send by express

50 blossoms, cut with short stems, as for

exhibition; all labelled, for $1 —to pay for labelling and packing.

Geo. L. Stillman, Dahlia Specialist, Westerly, R. I., Box C

receipt of the coupon. Send in to-day for the beautiful Fine

DOUBLEDAY-PAGE ART CO.,

HRPetoonts smr zo

NEW YORK

GIANT HIMALAYA BERRY
Vine hardy as an oak; stands winters any-
where. Bears enormous crops of rich
black berries—ten tons have been picked
from soo plants. Berries big, sweet,
melting, delicious. xo cents each; §r a

dozen; $3 a hundred; $25 a thousand. Add
ro per cent when wanted by mail. Send for
Berrydiale Berry Book. Tells about other
profitable berries tor home or market use.

Berrydale Experiment Gardens

Garden Avenue HOLLAND, MICH.

in advertising it.

disappointed.

We grow a general line of Nursery Stock; everything
required in this Northern latitude.
and money growing the best stock possible, and very little
We have always depended upon satis-
fied customers to do our advertising and have never been
Send for our catalog and price list.

The Bay State Nurseries, North

We spend our time

Abington, Mass.

The Readers’ Service will give
182 injormation about automobiles

The Limousine Buggy

Instantly adjustable to all
kinds of weather.

The Limousine Buggy—neat, well-built,
aiways ready for all kinds of weather.

On a pleasant day it is a smart, easy
running, easy pulling, well-built buggy,
open to the breeze on all sides, roomy
and comfortable.

You will enjoy every moment of a
pleasant-weather drive in the Cozy Cab.
All the more so because you will know
that if a sudden shower comes up or it
turns cold, in thirty seconds you can shut
out the weather completely.

With three, simple, one-hand movements, without
leaving your seat or even dropping the lines, you can
protect yourself from every drop of rain, every draft
of wind. And shutout the weatFer without shutting
oft your view of the road, without any feeling of stuff-
iness or of being cramped.

Write today for our handsomely illustrated catalog.
Pick out the Cozy Cab that fits your requirements,
and we will send it to you for a thirty days’ free trial.

Use it as you would your own, on all kinds of roads,
in all kinds of weather. Itisa buggy for everyday
use, every day in the year.

Write today for the catalog.
Fouts & Hunter Carriage Mfg. Co.,
Dept. 0-7 TERRE HAUTE, IND.

I am really interested in your proposition,
and would like to have your FREE Catalog.

Mail this coupon to

Fouts & Hunter Carriage Mfg.Co., Dept. 0-7 TerreHaute, Ind.

The

Standard

il Well and Prospecting

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

PRVAN] |

there are, I think, more good reasons for fall than
spring planting. In New York if you can get
good trees in the spring before the leaves start,
and have time to plant them, by all means do
so. Here in New York there is no question but
what spring planting is best, if done early; but
if it must be done later with leaves on the trees,
then postpone it until the fall.

PLANTING TREES

Trees for fall plantmg should not be removed
or planted until the leaves are entirely off. The
only right time to transplant a tree is when the
wood is dormant and out of its season of growth.
Any time after the leaves are off and before the
ground freezes, is the right time for fall planting.
Generally some cultivated ground can be pre-
pared for planting trees. Quite a severe root
pruning of fruit trees, with top pruned so to bal-
ance, before planting, has given good results and
saves digging large holes. The main thing is to
get rich surface soil well trodden down around
the roots; then place a mound of earth around the
tree to prevent heaving by freezing and thawing
of the ground. But before placing the mound of
earth around the tree, put on the felt or tarred band
for protection against animals.

New York.

f
|
t
|

for the ay

W. H. JENKINS.

Some California Flowers

|e IS perhaps fitting that the concluding note
in this series, devoted to flowers suitable for
our California gardens, should be given up to the
natives. For after all they are quite as beautiful
as most of the imported ones; much more so than
many we work hard to grow with indifferent suc-
cess. Indeed, if there were nothing else to recom-
mend them their ease of culture would do so, for
they are especially adapted to our climate and with
little pains we can have much greater success than
our English cousins get after much toil and care.

As to arrangement, some may prefer the formal
ways of planting them in garden beds or borders,
while others prefer to avail themselves of their
ease of culture and use them exclusively in the
wilder and less cared for parts.

In no case let any one fear criticism because
these flowers are common or wild in California,
for even those who live in the country see only the
plants indigenous to their particular locality,
while the city dweller must make the most of his
spring week-ends to see anything of them.

For practical purposes it may be well to divide
these native flowers into two classes — those
reproduced by seed and those raised from collected
plants or bulbs.

The former class, much the most popular because
of their cheapness, includes the great number of
beautiful annuals which cover the floors and sides
of the valleys with those almost solid sheets of
color that one sees nowhere else in America. Into
this class fall the eschscholzias, Meconopsis heter-
ophylla and Platystemon Californicus, all three
members of the poppy family; the gilias, many

ces Shaden

Look Better—Last Longest

RENLIN will outwear sey-
eral ordinary shades and
will always look well.

Brenlin is supple, not stiff —
_and always
j Hanes straight

and smooth.
|It won’t bag
“or sag—won’t
crack — won’t
fade.

Look at the
ordinary shade.
It is cracked
and streaked,
looks unsightly.
This is because
it was “‘filled’’
with chalk or
clay to give it
“body,” and
the “filling”
dropped out.

Then look at a
Brenlin shade. It
has no streaks —
no pinholes. Its
body is natural ;
there | is no “‘ fill-
ing.’ So there
is nothing to make it ae or sag.

The Ordinary Shade

The Brenlin Shade

Brenlin is made in all colors and
in Brenlin Duplex,
light one side, dark
the other. The possi-
bilities of color
schemes with Brenlin
are almost unlimited.

Write today for this book
and samples in all colors

With the help of many
suggestions in the book
and samples, select your
shades. Then goto any
good dealer and get
Brenlin. Find out why
Brenlin is the cheapest
shade you can put up.

Chas."W. Brno & Co.
2073-2083 Reading Road, Cincinnati, O.
The name is perforated along the edge of every

yard like this, BRENLIN Zook for i.
p RA for Everybody
Barrel, eRow Vv

Potato Sprayers,
Power Orchard Rigs, otc.

NovEmMBeER, 1911

We Make Sprayers

I Drilling Machinery

43 years’ successful operation. Used
in nearly all parts of the world. We
make a complete line of Drilling
Machines and tools for every con-
dition of earth and rock drilling and
\, mineral prospecting. Complete
catalogue No. 120 showing over 40
styles of machines free.

The American Well Works
Gen. Office and Works: Aurora, III.
Chicago Office: First National Bank Building

There’s a field sprayer for ev-
ery need, the world’s best line.

THIS EMPIRE KING

leads everything ofitskind. Throws
fine mist spray with strong force,
no clogging, strainers are brushed
and kept clean and liquid is thor-
oughly agitated automatically. t
SPRAYING CALENDAR FREE

Write for directions and formula.
Also catalog on entire sprayer
line. We have the sprayer to
meet your exact wants. Address

FIELD FORCE PUMP Co.
48 11th St., Elmira, N.Y.

lupins, nemophilas, godetias, Layia elegans and
glandulosa, Clarkia elegans, Collinsia bicolor,
Viola pedunculata and Phacelia grandiflora. All
of these do well in the wild garden if sown as soon
as the earlier rains have softened the soil and allow
the seeds scattered over the surface to be raked in.
A word of warning is here necessary. If the sow-
ing be on ground badly invested with the seeds of
weeds and strong wild grasses, these will surely
choke the delicate flowers when the rains cause
them to germinate. So it is necessary to induce

Write to the Readers’ Service for

NovEemMBeER, 1911 suggestions about garden furniture THE G A R DEN MA G PNB ALIN 1B 183

IS A PLEASURE

It will iron in a few moments what would require hours by hand.
The work will have a better finish and cost less for fuel. To con-
tinue the old hand method means to waste your time,
strength and money. It does notpay. Prove by an actual 30-day
free test that the Simplex L[roner is a necessity in your home.
Heats by gas, gasoline or electricity and turns by hand, belt or motor
sete Catalog and ‘‘Troning Hints” booklet free on request.

rite today and ask for ree Trial Offer. AMERICAN
IRONING MACHINE CO.. Y 56 E Lake St., Chicago, Il.

GROW DWARF ¥¢
APPLE TREES

Novel, but practical, and intensely interesting. Require little
room. Easily cultivated, pruned and sprayed. Bear fruit earlier
than the standards. Make little shade, permitting other crops to be
grown between the rows. May be trimmed and trained on wireto
grow inalmost any shape. Suburbanites, farmers and amateur hor-
ticulturalists alike find pleasure and profit growing Dwarf Apple
Trees. No garden or orchard is now complete without several of
these wonderfully productive trees.

Varieties: Duchess of Oldenburg, yellow, striped red; Winter
Maiden’s Blush, red cheek; Bismarck, red, beautiful; Red As-
trachan, crimson. Plant this Fall and gain a season. Prompt
shipment. Send today for illustrated booklet free.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS
Box T
MOORESTOWN, - N. J.

Spray Trees Now

while ycou’ve time to do a thorough job.
Don’t put off till busy spring. Use

Target Brand

Scale Destroyer

A miscible oil that destroys San. José Scale and all other
scales. It spreads on contact with the tree, thus covering
every part, even those missed by the direct spray.

Endorsed by every experiment station where tested.
Sold by good dealers everywhere. Write for /ree dook/et,
“ Fall and Winter Spraying.”

Horticultural Chemical Company, Bullit B’ldg., Philadelphia, Pa.

WRITE FOR BIG ILLUS. FREE BOOKLET

showing our beds and farm and learn how to grow
mushrooms at home in cellars, sheds, stables, boxes,
outdoors. etc. 300 per cent. profit, markets Waiting,
We were first. 25 years’ experience. make and sei]
best fresh spawn, and teach you our methods free.
=a National Spawn & Mushroom Co.

10 Dept. 9. Hyde Park, Mass.

Dutch Bulbs

from the grower, direct to the planter

IT IS NOT TOO LATE
to plant Holland Bulbs, Lilies,
Iris and Peonies

We still have a fine assortment of these

CATALOGUE SENT UPON REQUEST

FRANKEN BROTHERS

DEERFIELD, ILLINOIS

Grow
Chestnuts
Like This
For Profit

Covers a 5cc. piece.

The trees are hardy, rapid, sym-
metrical growth; luxuriant foliage;
spreading boughs; clean trunk;
stateliness.

These qualities combined and de-
veloped by science toa degree that
closely borders perfection, in the new

SOBER PARAGON

Mammoth, Sweet Chestnut

Crop, Fall of 1910, brought $48,000,
orchard only 8 years old.

The only large sweet chestnut in
the world.

Bears the second year. The nuts
average 1 to 2 inches in diameter.

United States Pomologist, G. B.
Brackett,says: ‘Itis of large size, fine
appearance and excellent flavor.’’

Testimony from growers, commis-
sion merchants, Forestry Experts,
etc., given in our free booklet.

We own exclusive
control of the Sober
eos Paragon. This
copyrighted

metal seal is
attached to every
genuine tree.

Basket of :
Mantura Pecans ~t

Hardy Acclimated Pecan
Trees for Planting in
Northern States

Here are Pecan Trees which will
thrive in Northern States — producing
as prolifically and as profitably as any
Southern Pecans.

Pecan Orchards pay far bigger pro-
fits per acre than wheat or corn.

A shade-tree of wondrous beauty,
long the pride of the South, may now
adorn any Northern landscape.

We have five varieties of hardy trees
best suited for Northern planting.
These have withstood temperature far
below zero,—never been known to
“winter-kill.’”’ Successful in almost any
soil. Reach maturity in 5 to 7 years.

Catalogue free.

’d 1886), 1800 Main St., Rochester, N. Y.

St. Regis Everbearing

The Raspberry for the Million and the
Millionaire. “There’s Millions In It.’’

You can now have wonderful rasp-
berries from June to October by setting
out the plants in the fall.

St. Regis produces continuously
from June to October—heavy crops of
large, luscious, sugary berries of bright
crimson.

Big profits growing St. Regis for
market.

Grows successfully in any soil—en-
dures without injury heat, drought

and severest cold. Catalogue free.

GLEN BROTHERS, Glenwood Nursery

—Z

(Est

J. H. Hale, the “Peach King,” writes: “Tur Douste Action ‘Cutaway’ is a splendid tool. I use
it in polishing off my peach orchards several times a year. A good pair of horses handle it all right.”

The genuine ‘‘Curaway” tools are used and endorsed by successful orchardists from coast to coast and
bay to gulf.

In orchard work the driver can cultivate under the trees and below the low limbs, the horses not interfering
with the branches. The double levers give the driver full control of tool at all times. For regular farm work
the gangs can be drawn together.

Every orchardist and fruit grower should have one or more of these labor savers and fruit makers. They
will positively pay for themselves in one season. To investigate is to be convinced.
Thorough cultivation makes large crops. Stirring the soil lets in the air, sunshine and newlife, and kills

foul vegetation. The ““Curaway”’ disk slices, stirs, lifts, twists and aerates the soil. CLARK’s ““CuTAWAY”’
Toots run lighter anddo better work than any other machine. Lasts a lifetime.

Send today for newcatalog. ‘“‘Sntenszve Cultzvation.’’ Of course, it’s free.
CUTAWAY HARROW COMPANY
902 MAIN STREET HIGGANUM. CONNECTICUT

STUDY FARMING

POULTRY FLOWERS AGRICULTURE
BY MAIL

Truck Farming, Vegetable Gardeaing, Flower Culture, Fruit Growing,
Poul/ry Culture, Bee Culture, Greenhouse Management and Construction,
General Farming, also Dairying, Farm Engineering, Farm Management,
Soils, Farm Crops, Animal Husbandry, Farm Book-keeping, Dry Farm-
ing, Stock Farming, Teachers Course, Short Courses, Horses, Swine,
Sheep, Cattle, etc. Splendid, practical, understandable correspondence
courses by large Faculty of experts from leading Agr. Colleges.

VALUABLE BOOKLET FREE
““How to Make the Farm Pay More”

Courses for actual farmers and prospective farmers, either in country, vil-
lage or city, whether you own a farm, a garden or a City or suburban lot or
expect to. A way out for the city man longing to get back to the farm.
Learn the latest improved methods of intensive Scientific Farminy. Every
one can use some of our courses to advantage. Just the opportunity you
have been wanting —7o lear at home. Easy payments. High time to
arrange to make your spare time count this winter. Send toda; for tem-
porary low rate and convincing proof. (Which course interests you?)

American Farmers’ School 26 £2i¢ Building,

Minneapolis, Minn.

Ellen Shipman— Garden Expert
Cornish Hills, NewHampshire

Will make and supervise working plans
and planting of gardens. Or, for small
gardens, will make suggestions and
sketches by letter. P. O. address,
Plainfield, New Hampshire.

FAIRFAX ROSES

CANNOT BE EQUALLED Catalogue free
W.R. GRAY, Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX CO., VA.

AN IDEAL LAWN TREE

Decidedly ornamental, with a dense, perfect, half globular or umbrella-
shaped head, high on a straight, upright stem. Very hardy; extensively used
in formal gardens and especially adapted for lawn planting —

Umbrella Tree (Catalpa Bungei)

will thrive in almost any soil, and is generally a most satisfactory tree to
plant. I make a specialty of Catalpa Bungei and other Shade Trees, Ever-
greens, Hardy Flowering Shrubs, Roses, Fruit Trees, etc., and grown in
New Jersey, with its soil and climate advantages, is ready to start growth
again anywhere, as soon as planted. Beautifully illustrated catalogue free.

STEELE’S POMONA NURSERIES

Palmyra, _ New Jersey

184

WD. Mann, Architect, Chicago

Residence of George Ade, Brook, Ind.
Shingles, Siding and Trimmings

stained with

Cabot’sShingleStains

Exterior staining is no longer confined to
shingles. Stains are being used more and more
upon rough and smooth siding, trimmings and
other outside woodwork. The colors aré
beautiful, soft, and transparent. They are
cheap and easy to apply; and they are made of
Creosote, which preserves the wood.

You can get Cabot’s Stains all over the country. Send
for stained wood samples and name of nearest agent.

SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., 1 Oliver St., Boston, Mass.

They cost no more from us than from
others but —

We Grow Peonies
—Nothing Else

and that means something.

MOHICAN PEONY GARDENS
Box 300, SINKING SPRING, PA.

Give Your Grounds the

Atmosphere of Far-away

It isn’t really so very far from California to
any part of this great country—yet some of the
trees and plants which we grow here areas dis-
tinct from those of the East as though grown on
the other side of the world. Many of them, more-
over, are perfectly hardy and we ship them to
all parts of the globe, where they grow most
satisfactorily. In fact, many of the same kinds
of trees and plants which can be obtained from
eastern nurseries make their highest develop-
ment here, under our superior methods
of propagating, and they continue that aa
growth when shipped to other climates. “pra: 3

Burbank Introduces Through Us

We are the authorized introducers ‘l

“ai (ee
of many of Luther Burbank’s fruits Fes RS iia
and flowers—Plums, Strawberries, Al at SO he I
Walnuts, etc. ¢ FEB oe A
Our Valuable Books me lah wig
Price Catalogue. Illustrated through- Bh kip
out. Describes our complete line. atl

Free if you state your probable re- “™# we
quirements in trees and plants. G
California Horticulture. A cyclopedia All “I
Yi
\ H} f it
NAY My
NO Ly

pruning, planning, planting, irrigat-
ing, etc. Fully illustrated—many
pagesin full colors. 25 cts. trees. ff
Describing Burbank’s late intro-~ il
ductions. New fruits and nuts iL il |

of success with trees and plants—

New Products of the Trees. \
it
\

N

\
Kl \

Sanh |
4

lustrated in color. 25 cts. postpaid.
FANCHER CREEK NURSERIES, Inc. lg Y Q)

GEO. C. ROEDING, President and Manager La 4
Box B, Fresno, California my y, Y
Established 1684 Paid-up Capital, $200,000 wala

What is a fair rental fora given
property? Ask ithe Readers’ Service

THE GARDEN

early germination by artificial watering and to
follow it up by a series of hoeings so as to clear out
the weed seedlings and leave the ground free for
the flower seeds to be sown later.

Many of the most attractive for grouping (as
well as individually), among them the pentstemons,
scarlet larkspurs (Delphinium cardinale), ines
arboreus, blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium bellum),
Lathyrus splendens, and Mimulus cardinalis, are
perennial; and with these the best practice is to
sow the seed when ripe in shallow boxes and after-
ward transplant to their permanent positions.

There are men in both Central and Southern
California who make a specialty of native flower
seeds and bulbs, but if the scientific names be
first obtained through the medium of some such
handbook, as Parson’s “California Wild Flowers,”
it will be easy to purchase most kinds through
any large seed dealer.

NATIVE BULBOUS PLANTS

For those who have more money or more time,
a very interesting field is open in the growing of
native bulbous plants, either by purchasing a
selection or by gathering the dormant bulbs oneself.
In the former case the beginner should give first
choice to the Calochortus, the wonderful family
which has the fairy lanterns (C. albus) and the
mariposa or butterfly tulips (C. venustus varieties)
among itsmembers. These best enjoy well drained,
gritty soils and must be kept dry in summer. In
some small gardens I have seen them planted among
the late tulips where they throve and kept the
border in bloom after the tulips were gone.
Another simple way I have used myself is to plant
them in boxes ten inches deep and bring the boxes
into the garden only when they are ready to flower.
when they can be buried in the ground so as to
give the effect of small beds. Planted two inches
deep and twice as far apart they do very nicely.

For the owner of an adobe garden the Brodiaeas
offer the attraction that many of them are native
to that heavy soil and so thrive in it, while any one
with a nice shady, well drained place between trees
or shrubs should plant some of the native fritil-
larias and dog-tooth violets there.

California. SYDNEY B. MiTcHELL.

Flower Shows for November

(SNS this month some of the most import-
ant exhibitions of the season are held. We
have advice of the following fixtures:

Boston, Mass., November 9-12.— Chrysanthe-
mum show, Massachusetts Horticultural Society.
Horticultural Hall.

Cincinnati, O., November 13-18.— Fall ex-
hibition, Cincinnati Florists’ Scciety. Horticul-
tural Hall-Music Hall.

Hartford, Conn., November. 8-9.— Chrysan-
themum show, Connecticut Horticultural Society.
Putnam Phalanx Armory.

New York, November 1-3.— Chrysanthemum
Show, American Institute of the City of New York.
Berkeley Lyceum.

New York, November 3-7.— Fall exhibition,
Horticultural Society of New York. American
Museum of Natural History.

New York, November 3-12.— American Land
and Irrigation Exposition, Madison Square Garden.

Milwaukee, Wis., November 13-19. — Fall Flower
Show, Milwaukee Florists’ Club. Auditorium.

Philadelphia, Pa., November | 7-10. — Annual
exhibition Pennsylvania Horticultural Society.
Horticultural Hall.

St. Louis, Mo., November 7-11.— Fifth fall
floral exhibition and pomological display, St.
Louis Horticultural Society, Coliseum.

St. Louis, Mo., November 7-11.— Annual
exhibition, Chrysanthemum Society of America
in connection with the St. Louis Horticultural
Society.

Stamford, Conn., November 3-4. — First annual
exhibition, Westchester and Fairfield Horticultural
Society. Casino.

Tarrytown, N. Y.,. October 31-November 2.—
Thirteenth annual exhibition, Tarrytown Horti-
cultural Society. Music Hall.

Worcester, Mass., November 9.— Chrysanthe-
mum exhibition, Worcester County Horticultural
Society. Horticultural Hall.

MAGAZINE

NoOvEMBER, 1911

Three Things You Need

FIRST: The only Sanitary method of caring
for garbage, deep in the ground in metal
receiver holding heavy galvanized bucket
with bail. Garbage cannot freeze. Avoid the
battered can and scattered refuse resulting
from removal of frozen contents. Health
demands it.

| Undetoe Garbage Receiver

Underfloor Refuse Receiver
Underground Earth Closet

SECOND; This clean, convenient
way of disposing of ashes from fur-
nace or hot water heater,. cellar and
yard refuse. Fireproof. Flush with
floor. Abolish the old ash barrel.

THIRD: It supplies a safe and san-
itary method to
keep your water
supply safe from
pollution. It means
freedom from plumb-
ers’ bills and all inconvenience resulting from
frozen cesspool connections. A necessity tor
camp or farm without sewerage. Nine years
in practical use. Jt pays to look us up.

Easy to sweep into

Sold direct, Send for Circulars on each

Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr.
40 Farrar Street, Lynn, Mass.

Your Plants Need Flowerine

Plant Food Tablets. A clean, odorless, convenient fertilizer,
guaranteed to make them luxuriant, healthy, beautiful leaves
and flowers. Excellent forferns. Eliminates soil pests. No
need to repot. Dissolve in water. 25c. package postpaid
Nothing so good. Write today. Agents wanted.

Flowerine Chemical Company, Joplin, Mo.

There’s Money in Poultry

Our Home Study Course in Practical Poultry
Culture under Prof. Chas. K. Graham, late of the
Connecticut Agricultural College, teaches how to
make poultry pay.

Personal instruction. Expert Advice.
250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-diy.

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL

Dept. G. P., Springfield, Mass. Prof. Graham.

O BIND a magazine
so that it would open
like a book and lie
flat in the hand has been
the dream of the publishers
for morethan adecade. The
dream has come true. A
machine has been installed
at Country Life Press and

now The World’s Work is

bound like a book. Every
Diage! Jol itext a camdemeced
advertisement is accessible.
An easy-reference buyers’
guide lies in your hand,
every article offered be-
ing worthy of your com-
mendation.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 185

NovEemMBeER. 1911

Winter Resorts

But a little while and winter will
again have us in its grasp.

Those of us who can will go south
and to other winter resorts here
and abroad where we can
motor, golf, fish, sail, bathe
outdoors and enjoy all other
/ summer sports during the
winter months, adding a little
deeper tinge to our summer
Coat Or tale

Before going away tele-
phone, call or write to any
office of this bureau. We have
all sorts of information about hotels and
resorts everywhere, and will be glad to
furnish any information that may be
desired. We can also make arrangements
for hotel accommodations everywhere.

This Service 1s Free

Main Office located at 225 Fifth Avenue, New York

Branches at Raymond & Whitcomb’s Offices in

Boston Los Angeles
Philadelphia San Francisco
Detroit Portland, Oreg.

Also at Doubleday, Page & Co.’s office
in the People’s Gas Building in Chicago

HOTEL =RESORE-BUREAU

225 Fifth Avenue

PY 2 4
| See } i
hy lily i ee NEW YORK, N. Y.
HHT RAYMOND & WHITCOMB CO. ‘ DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
Ae . 225 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK GARDEN CITY, LONG ISLAND
: WY S re ~
\ Nee x

a For over 30 years the Raymond & Whitcomb Co.

pS SS

have made a specialty in everything in connection Publishers of Country Life in America, The

with foreign and Ameriean travel. Raymond & World’s Work, The Garden Magazine.
i Whitcomb’s tours are famous.

186
“Rayo LANTERNS
aetshet apn aie © ADE bike,

Your Best Insurance

against accident when driv-
ing along dark roads is one
of our famous Rayo Driving
Lamps.

Rayo Driving Lamps will
not blow or jar out.

They are smaller than
other driving lamps, but
have a magnifying power
that throws a bright light
many feet ahead, while the
extra large ruby disc in the
rear is readily discernible in
any weather.

Rayo Driving Lamps are fur-
nished with double side bracket
attachments, to fit square or round
posts. They can be used on all
kinds of vehicles.

In addition to Driving
Lamps, the Rayo line in-
cludes Janterns of all styles,
sizes and finishes—each the
best of its particular kind.
All are equipped with select-
ed Rayo globes, with wicks
inserted in burners ready to
light.

Dealers everywhere; or
walle for descriptive circular to any agency
of the

Standard Oil Company

(Incorporated)

"PENNSYLVANIA
Quality LAWN MOWERS

» THE ONLY MAKE WITH CRUCIBLE TOOL-STEEL
} BLADES THROUGHOUT

Use KEROSENE
Engine FREE!

Amazing “DETROIT” Kerosene Engine
shipped on 15 days’ FREE Trial, proves kero-
sene cheapest, safest, most powerful fuel. IE
satisfied, pay lowest price ever given on reli-
able farm engine; if not, pay nothing.

Gasoline Going Up!

Automobile owners are burning up so
much gasoline that the world’s supply
is running short. Gasoline is 9c to rsc
higher than coal oil. Still going up.
Two pints of coal oil do work of three
pints gasoline. No waste, no evapora- 2G =
tion, no explosion from coal oil. Cylinders cannot carbonize

Amazing “DETROIT”

The “DETROIT ” is the only engine that handles coal oil suc-
cessfully ; uses alcohol, gasoline and benzine, too. Starts without cranking.
Basic patent — only three moving parts — no cams— no sprockets — no gears
—no valves —the utmost in simplicity, power and strength. Mounted on
skids. All sizes, 2 to 20 h. p., in stock ready to ship. Complete envine
tested just before crating. Comes all ready to run. Pumps, saws threshes,
churns, separates milk, yrin«ls feed, shells corn, runs home electric-lizhtinz
plant. Prices (stripped) #29.50 up. Sentany place on 15 days’ Free
Trial. Don’t buy an engine till you investigate amazing, money-saving,
power-saving **IVETROIT.” Thousands in use. Costs only postal to
find out. If you are first in your neighborhood to write, we will allow you
Special Extra-low Introductory price. Write

Detroit Engine Works, 229 Bellevue Ave., Detroit, Mich.

If you wish to systematize your business the
Readers’ Service may be able to offer suggestions

Winter is Coming!

PADE up the vegetable and flower garden
during the month so that frost can kill the
insects and the soil is in better condition to hold
the winter rains. Fall turning of the soil is also
helpful in controlling root diseases.

Rake up and burn all dead stalks and vines.
Disease germs and insect eggs are apt to lurk in
garden refuse.

If you did not practice rotation of vegetables
and flowers, plan to do so another season. Corn
should be planted after beans and peas, and cabbage
after corn; beans and peas after cabbage, onions
after peanuts or melons, and squashes after potatoes.

Continue to plant early spring-flowering bulbs
and set out strawberry and blackberry plants.

Sow seed of sweet peas during the month.
Deeply spade the soil, working in a good quantity
of rich horse manure.

During November and December plant out
asparagus roots. The richer the soil, the better
will be the results. Asparagus is easy to grow and
thrives best in a deep, sandy loam. Palmetto is
probably the best variety for the South, although
Giant Argenteuil is very highly recommended by
some of the Southern seedsmen.

Horse radish and rhubarb roots may also be
planted out now.

Don’t forget to sow some seed of mustard, kale,
and spinach for winter greens. Also sow the seed
of cabbage and lettuce in coldframes in the Middle
South and in the open ground in the Lower South.

Remember this is the month for frost. There-
fore be prepared to protect eggplants, pepper, and
tomato plants, and thereby make the vegetables
last a few weeks longer.

Cotton fields affected with the wilt disease or
black root should be sown in oats, rye or wheat,
and when the crop is cut, sown again with iron cow
peas and sorgum. This will help to keep down the
disease next season.

Remember to sow small grain now in that section !

of the South which is subject to the wilt disease
or black root.

Georgia. Tuomas J. STEED.

Wintering Primulas

I HAVE wintered the Alpine auricula (Primula

auricula) very successfully by covering the
plants lightly with leaves and then making a roof
of a few corn stalks, laid across two low supports,
to keep the snow from packing the leaves so much
as to rot the foliage. Even seedlings only an inch
high stood the winter all right. I was careful,

of course, to plant them above the level of the
garden walk — a good rule for all primulas.
Connecticut. IX, (C5 Ado

Alpine auricula (Primula auricula) has curiously
dainty flowers and needs only light winter covering

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Erected for R. W. Leslie, Bryn Mawr, Pa.

Have Flowers All Winter

Grow them in this greenhouse.

It costs only
$250 complete, ready for immediate erection.

Shipped knocked down, glass all in. Any
handy man can put it up. Price includes
benches, radiating pipes, boiler and all. No
extras. Made from best of cypress, iron braced.
No foundations needed, is bolted to iron posts.
Perfectly portable, take it with you if you move.

First time a full-fledged, practical greenhouse
has ever been offered so low. We make them
by the hundreds — Thoroughly Guaranteed.
Ship them everywhere. Get it before frost
comes. Send for booklet.

Hitchings & Company
1170 Broadway NEW YORK

Write us and we will give you some good pointers. We will
also send information about Guns and Rifles.

J. Stevens Arms & T'ool Co., Dept. 285, (hicopee Falls, Mass.

| DO X22, TO BE A BETTER SHOT? ||

Model Extension

Carnation Support
h ime Endorsed by all the leading

growers of the country as the best
support for carnations made.

Over 3,000,000 in Use
Price 50c per doz., $3.50 per 100

Send for price list and catalogue
of other garden specialties

IGOE BROTHERS

Goulds Pumps
For Every Service
They bring to the farm the one real advan-
tage of the city— water in the house. From
our many styles of hand and power
\\ pumps you can always select one
to fit your special conditions.

Goulds pumps are made to
give years of hard service.

Our Free Booklet
“Water Supply for
the Home”

contains mapy interest-
ing points on installing,
besides telling the dif-
ference in lift and force
pumps, single and
double- acting pumps,
hydraulic rams, etc.
Let us send you a copy.

THE GOULDS MFG. CO.
W. Fall Street
Seneca Falls, N. Y-

NovremMBeErR, 1911

NovEemMBeER, 1911

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

For information about popular resorts
write lo the Readers’ Service 187

The Veness Aerating
Beater and Freezer,

Churn and Mixer

Freezes ice cream better, more

quickly and with less trouble
than any other freezer. Whips
any cake dough smoothly and
quickly. It isimpossible tomake
a heavy cake with the aerit-
ing. Churns butter in three
minutes, Makes mayonaise
dressing in one-sixteenth the
time required by the use of any
other beater. Beats the whites
of eggs and whips cream solid
in fifty seconds. If you cannot
get one from your dealer we will
send thein prepaid on receipt of
the following prices:
1% Pt. rQt. 20t

hinweeees Se 60c $1.00
Nickel... 560¢ 75c $1.25
AGENTS WANTED

EVERYWHERE

Live men ean make $25 to $85
WEEKLY selling this new honse-
hold necessity.

"GEO. G. VENESS MFG. CO.
514 MAIN STREET CINCINNATI

Ea aISGOREES De CIalISts
Choice Evergreens rere

Ornamental Planting
Also DECIDUOUS TREES and SHRUBS
Write for large illustrated catalog.
D. HILL NURSERY CO., Inc.
Box 106, DUNDEE, ILLINOIS

LOOK OUT
FOR SPARKS

No more danger or damage from flying
sparks. No more poorly fitted, flimsy fire-
place screens. Send for free booklet
“Sparks from the Fire-side.”’ It tells about
the best kind of a spark guard for your in-
dividual fireplace. Write to-day for free
booklet and make your plans early.

The Syracuse Wire Works

107 University Avenue, = Syracuse, N. Y.

ORCHIDS

Largest importers and growers of
OrcHips in the United States

IAVGIE Re 6) HOUR RE
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N.J. J

at all seasons

af en Mushrooms Growing in your Cellar

40 cts in postage stamps together with the name of your
* dealer will brinz you, postpaid, direct from the
® manufacturer, a fresh sample brick of

Lambert’s Pure Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN

the best high-grade spawn in the market, together with large illustrated book
on Mushroom Culture, containiny simple and practical methods of raising,
preserving and cooking mushrooms. Not more than one sample brick will
be sent to the same party. Further orders must come through your dealer.

Address: American Spawn Co., Dept. 2, St. Paul, Minn.

R A T S Killed by Science

DANYSZ
Send for particulars. 1 tube 75c.,

3 tubes $1.75, per dozen $6.00 VIRUS
INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL COMPANY, 72 Front St., N.Y.

TRENGTH and
durability
characterize the
Galloway produc=

tions.

Send for Catalogue of
Garden Furniture,
showing vases, flower
pots, sun- dials,
benches, etc.

GALLOWAY TERRA (CorTa (0.
3214 WALNUuT Sr. PHILADELPHIA.

That is what every one says of our

NABOB BRAND

of Absolutely Boneless Georges

Food with
the Ocean
Taste

CODFISH

CODFIS

ERS Ficy ¥
ISH C9, WABOB.
STU bases F

The fish from which this is made are caught on those
’ Banks where the best and thickest codfish are found. It
is the finest selection of the catch, cut into thick, white,

flaky pieces, all bones removed. The fish is carefully packed
in an improved hinge-cover box lined with waxed paper.

You can not get fish of a quality like this

anywhere except from us.

A trial 4. |b. box, $1.00 (5-Ib. box, $1.20; 10-lb. box, $2.35)
delivered anywhere in the immediate confines of the United States and at
tesidences where express companies make such deliveries.
Send for price-list of Mackerel, Halibut, Lobster, Sardines
and all sorts of salt-water products of the highest quality.

Consumers Fish Company,

66 Commercial Street, Gloucester, Mass.

Plant for Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations

Start with the largest stock that can be secured !

It takes over twenty

years to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.
We do the long waiting —thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that

give an immediate effect.

Price List Now Ready.

ANDORRA NURSERIES @

CHESTNUT HILL,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.

WM. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

SUN-DIALS witsotr
PEDESTALS

Send for Catalogue H 27 of pergolas,
sun-dials and garden furniture or H 40
of wood columns.
HARTMANN-SANDERS CO.
Chicago, IIl.
New York Office, 1123 Broadway

FLORICULTURE

Complete Home Study Course in practical Floricul-
ture under Prof. Craig and Prof. Beal, of Cornell
University.

Course includes Greenhouse Construction and
Management and the growing of Small Fruits and
Vegetables, as well as Flowers Under Glass.

Personal Instruction. Expert Advice.
250 Page Catalogue Free. Write to-day.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. F., Springfield, Mass.

Prof. Craig

z THIGH GRADE FENCE

Special Designs for Particular People

E have the style you want. ] S
park, factory, poultry yard, cemetery, etc. Our entire factory is

Iron and wire for all purposes — lawn, church.
devoted exclu-

sively to high class fencing. When you get fence from us you know it is right. Letus

quote you prices,

Iron and Wire.
All Styles for
All Purposes.

Write todays, or our catalog giving pointers on fence buying.

Enterprise Foundry & Fence Co.
TSCA T§ 1221 East 24th Street
{ ; ;

Indianapolis,-Ind.

The *‘Reeco”’ Hot Air Pump for
Domestic Water Supply

is the one safe, reliable, economical and convenient system that in all seasons and_all kinds of weather delivers water in
any quantity and to any part of your house, factory, stable, garage or garden. Over 40,000

“REECO”? RIDER OR “‘REECO”’? ERICSSON HOT AIR PUMPS

are now in use.

In connection with a pneumatic tank which can be
placed under-ground if desired, you have a fire protection that is most
desirable, at a slight advance over the cost of the old fashioned tank in
the garret. Get our catalogue U and full description of this most
modern water supply system, backed by nearly 70 years’ experience.

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.

New York. Boston. Philadelphia. Montreal, P. Q. Sydney, Australia.
Also Makers of the “Reeco” Electric Pumps.

What is a fair rental for a given
property? Ask the Readers’ Service

BEFORE YOU BUY A FOOT OF LUMBER

FOR ANY PURPOSE, big or little, indoors or out, in city or country,

Write for “2° The Cypress Pocket Library. (F ree)

Backed by our “All-round Helps Dept.,”’ it is the “‘guide, counselor and friend”’ of

ae ALL THE PEOPLE WHO CARE.
6) WHAT VALUES THEY GET for their LUMBER MONEY.

as:

188 1911

NovEMBER,

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Why not buy WOOD with the same discrimination you apply to other things?
We do not advise CYPRESS for a// uses, but om/y where it can prove itself ‘‘the one best wood’’ for your use.

Protecting Vegetables From
Early Frost

ATTING, bagging, old rugs or any similar
material will be found useful for protecting
the vegetable garden from first frosts. Early
frosts seldom penetrate ordinary covering material,
and there is often a long season of mild weather
after the first few frosty nights. Plants that are
tender and easily broken, such as beans on trellises,
may be protected with the bagging, which can be
easily pieced together or fastened by means of
common wood toothpicks. Lower growing plants,
of a stronger type, are quickly covered with old
rugs. In the case of single plants or hills, a stake
can be driven near the centre, to hold up the weight
of the covering and allow for a little air to circulate.
The same idea may be applied to a continuous
row of vegetables by setting up a row of stakes about
six feet apart, and stretching between them any
sort of old wire, such as the kind that comes around
bales of hay. Carpet put over these makes a tent-
shaped covering. Plants that are easily crushed
should have the covering suspended on two parallel
wires, so as to better protect the foliage and allow
for more air under the covering.

If time and material are at hand portable frames
might be made of four old pickets with a square
yard of matting. They are easily stored and are
also useful for summer protection. The picket
points may be driven into the ground at any
place where it is desirable to protect transplanted
seedlings or other plants from sun, wind, heat or
driving rain.

Tall baskets, such as are used for produce, make
good covers for single plants and even peach baskets
as well as bottomless baskets and boxes will keep

You don’t tell the dry goods clerk: ‘‘¥ want 8 yds,
of cloth!’ You say “‘silk,’’ ‘‘wool,” or ‘‘linen.”’

You don’t simply tell your Real Estate agent: You don’t merely order ‘‘200 head of live stock!’
“Buy me ‘some land’!?? You tell him where You specify Horses, Cattle, etc., and the Breed.

“Build me a house! —and paint it!” You dictate the p/ams. And the colors.

You don’t tell your broker: ‘*‘Buy $10,000 of
Railway stocks!”? Hardly! You tell him what.

y 4

5 You don’t tell the contractor:

INSIST on CYPRESS—‘‘TuE Woop ETERNAL.”’
WE’LL REPLY AT ONCE.

Cypress for Canoes and Boats (defies decay).
“What People (who 4now) SAY of Cypress.””
Japanese Effects (Sugi) in Cypress.

Cypress for Sash, Blinds and Frames.
Cypress for Gutters, Curbs and Culverts.
Cypress “Perfect for Exterior Painting.”
“Perfect for Interior Painting and Staining.”
Asa ‘Preventive of Property Depreciation.”

WHY NOT BUY LUMBER WITH EQUAL CARE?

WRITE AT ONCE for VOL. of CYPRESS PKT. LIBR. that fits your case.

THESE VOLUMES MAY BE HAD NOW: 12. ‘“The Wood Eternal’’ for Exterior Trim. 19.

5 How to Avoid Mistakes in Bungalows. 30. Cypress Pergolas, etc. (8 W’king Plans Free). 24.

9. CYPRESS for SIDING—and Why. 7. Cypress Shingles*“Yes Bock’’(Lastacentury). 26.

22. Cypress SILOS and Tanks (of course). THESE IN PREPARATION—APPLY NOW: 11.
18. Cypress Bungalow ‘A’? (Complete Working 10. Cypress for Artistic Doors (a revelation). 14.
Plans and Specifications Free). 2. ““Pecky’? Cypress—‘ “The Vaccinated Wood.” 23.

6. Cypress Bungalow ‘B’* (Complete Working 4. Cypress ““& Nothing Else.’”” for BARNS, etc. 25.

Plans and Specifications Free). 1, “The Wood Eternal””—What It Is (incl. wy 2h

3. Cypress, “Only GREENHOUSE Wood.” S. Govt. Report). _ 20. Cypress for All FARM Uses.
29. Cypress Shingle Heuse (Free Working Plans 8. Cypress Bungalow “‘C”?. (Free Working 33. How I Finish Cypress,” by a Craftsman.
and Specifications). Plans and Specification. ) 32. “Caustic Surfacing of Cypress,”’ (novel).
16. Cypress for Porches, etc., andthe Reasons. 28. Cypress forall Trellises and Arbors. 21. Cypress for “All Outdoors’? (of course).

15. Cypress for Dairy Uses—““The Only Wood.”’ 17. Cypress for All “Odd Jobs’? (of course).
remember — “With CYPRESS you BUILD BUT ONCE.”

31. Cypress’ Great Beauty for Interior Trim.
When planning a Mansion, Bungalow, Pergola, Pasture-Fence or Sleeping-Porch,

Le. our “ALL-ROUND HELPS DEPARTMENT” help YOU. Our entire resources are at your service with Reliable Counsel.

SOUTHERN CYPRESS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION

1209 HIBERNIA BANK BUILDING, NEW ORLEANS, LA.
IF HE HASN’T IT, LET US KNOW IMMEDIATELY.

INSIST ON CYPRESS OF YOUR LOCAL LUMBER DEALER,

SOUTHEASTERN FARM LANDS

Fertile lands in the Southern States from $15
to $50 an acre with abundant rains and most
favorable conditions for diversified farming.
Beef and pork produced at 3 to 4 cents a pound.
Long grazing season and diversity of foliage
Openings for dairymen

Protect your trees from rabbits,
Insects, etc., by using

Hawkeye Tree Protectors

Write us for description and price.
We have 500 acresinnursery stock.

makes this possible.
unexcelled. Apple orchards pay from $100 to

$500 an acre. It’s to your advantage to inves-
tigate these many opportunities. Write,

M. V. RICHARDS, Land and Industrial
Agent, Southern Railway, Room 43

Send for catalogue.
The Elizabeth Nursery Co., Elizabeth, N. J.

1320 Penn. Ave.,

Washington, D. Cc

An old rug, spread open at the ground to give air,
will protect lima beans from frost

r y 9, TTAY The Readers’ Service will give y
NovEemMBeER, 1911 THE GA RDE N MAGAZINE SAND RALIOn ou AI BOEES 189

POMPE AN STONE F REPLACE
IN THE RESIDENCE 9F
MrRs.ROBERT HENRY TRAVER
WASH NGTON DC

POMPEIAN STONE offers an inexpensive substitute for Marble in
the construction of the fireplace and allows of exact reproduction from
Old World masterpieces or carrying out of original designs.

Our large illustrated catalogue N of hall and garden furniture mailed
on rejuest

Our booklet Crty Back Yards will be of interest to city dwellers

THE ERKINS STUDIOS, Inc.
223 Lexington Avenue New York City
Factory: Astoria, Long Island

«‘ PURE BRED”

SHARPLES

Tubular Cream Separators

Tubulars are “pure bred” because logically built

on a principle absolutely different from all others.
No disks. Double skimming force.
Wear alifetime. Guaranteed forever.

z Others, driven by Tubular superiority, at-
tempt to imitate our low supply can or |
self-oiling system, while being absolutely
prevented by law from imitating the mod-

ern Tubular principle. ‘‘Cross bred”
separators — nine parts old style and
one part imitation —are being discarded. |

WEST ONESTER, PA.
Chicago, Tl. San Francisco, Cal. Portland, Ore.
Toronto, Can. Winnipeg, Can.

SAVE They are too precious to lose. Get expert tree surgeons

to examine them and advise you as to what they need.

YOU Avoid tree fakers and tree butchers. Our free booklets

explain tree surgery, the science founded by John Davey,

TREE Write tor them. ‘THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO., Inc.,
1511 Onk Street, Kent, Ohio

mareest 2 Stock of
HardyPlants in America

Catalogue on Application
ELLIOTT NURSERY PITTsBuRG, Pa.

THERE’S MONEY IN TREES!

—Provided they are cared for.
Kill San Jose Scale, Aphis, White Fly. etc., by
spraying your trees with

Good's 25 WhaleQil
Soar no.3

Used and endorsed by U.S. Dept, of Agriculture Recom-
mended for trees, shrubs, vinesand plants Write for valuable
booklet on Plant Diseases.

JAMES GOOD, Original Maker. 931 N. Front Street, Philadelphia:

StevensDuryea

Stee.

oe af Model AA
oe ee 4 Six-Cylinder Limousine
7-Passenger.

The Seventh Year of Six-Cylinder Leadership

The first Stevens-Duryea Six-Cylinder Car, introduced in 1905, proved the
advantages of a six-cylinder car built round the Stevens-Duryea principles of “Unit
Power Plant,” “Three Point Support” and “Multiple Disc Dry Plate Clutch.” The

1912 Stevens-Duryea models in Limousines, Landaulets and Berlines combine to a
remarkable degree, beauty, comfort, and great efficiency for town and suburban service.

\]

Interesting literature will be mailed on request—or better still—go to
a Stevens-Duryea dealer, see the new cars—and get a demonstration

Stain Your Shingles with YY TF
Dexter Brothers f Gh
English Shingle Stains |///;

Dip Them Before Laying
Dipping gives absolute protection — where rain g@
rough between and under shingles, as well as to the
outer surfaces. Whether applied by brushing or
dipping, Dexter Brothers English Shingle Stains are
better than paint. They protect the shingles with preserv-
ative, water-proofing oils, yet retain the natural texture and
beauty of the wood. The pure English ground colors
cannot fade. where water gets
Write for stained miniature shingles and booklet. H throush to the
DEXTER BROS. CO., 110 Broad St., Boston ae hnelies
1133 Broadway, N.Y. 218 Race St.. Philadelphia AGAdl «mete DOLE
Makers of PETRIFAX CEMENT COATING | them Dipping
AGENTS. H. M. Hooker & Co., Chicago; E. B. h hi eine
Totten, St. Louis; F. H. McDonald, Grand Rapids ; the shingl h
F. T. Crowe & Co., Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma, Wash., thirds their lengt
and Portland, Ore., Sherman Kimball, San Francisco; prevents this.
S. D. MORGAN, Architect, Lisbon. N. H. Hoffschlager & Co., Honolulu ; AND DEALERS.

190

The Readers’ Service will aid you
in planning your vacation trip

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

NovEMBER, 1911

“ 2

Digging asphalt from Trinidad Lake for Genasco

Genasco

the Trinidad - Lake Asphalt Roofing

What is the first and greatest
thing to expect of a roofP

Stay waterproof.
Trinidad Lake asphalt is

Nature’s everlasting water-
proofer; and that is what Gen-
asco Roofing is made of. It
gives lasting protection.

The Kant-leak Kleet keeps
roof-seams watertight without
cement, and prevents nail-
leaks. Gives an attractive

finish.

Ask your dealer for Genasco
Roofing (mineral or smooth surface)
with Kant-leak Kleets packed in the

roll. Write for Good Roof Guide
Book and samples.

Paving Company

Largest producers of asphalt, and largest manufac-
turers of ready roofing in the world.

Se Philadelphia
New Yor San Francisco Chicago

Crushed Quartz

MMM Trinidad Lake Asphalt
> Asphalt-saturated Wool Felt

: Trinidad Lake Asphalt
Asphalt-saturated Burlap
Trinidad Lake Asphalt

Competent Gardeners

The comforts and products of a country home are
creased by employing a competent Gardener; if you want to
engage one write to us. Please give particulars regarding place
and say whether married or single man is wanted. We have
been supplying them for years to the best people everywhere.
No fee asked. PETER HENDERSON & CO., Seedsmen
and Florists, 35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, New York City.

in-

BONORA, the Great Magical Fertilizer

Have you tried it? Your vege
tables will mature two to three
weeks earlier. Your flowers and
rose-bushes will continue to bloom
until late in the winter. Every vari-
ety of plant life needs assistance at
this season of the year. It is highly
endorsed by the greatest authorities.
among them Luther Burbark, John
Lewis Childs, Dingee & Conard,
Order direct or from your seed §
houses. Put up in dry form in all
size packages as follows:

1 lb. making 28 gallons, postpaid,$ .65

5libs. “ 140 as 2.50 fi

to Ibs. 280 4-75

5olbs. ‘* 1400 a 22.50

BONORA CHEMICAL CO.

488-492 Broadway, cor. Broome St.
NEW YORK

| Bonoes Cupuicat. CO

| 584 Beoaowar_New YOR

off a very light frost. They may be further pro-
tected by having cloths thrown over them.

As frosty nights approach it is a good plan to
pick tomatoes and other vegetables that have
matured and collect them in baskets or on the
ground, close to some group of tender plants that
will require covering. In this way a little work

This sauash hill, with stake in centre. is ready for a
carpet covering at night

and a small amount of covering material will
protect a large quantity of vegetables. Remove
the rugs during the day.

Wherever possible plants should be raised from
the ground level. Those that are prostrate will
be the first to suffer from frost. One year a gourd,
trailing on the ground, was destroyed in September,
while those on trellises were not touched by the
frost till much later.

All coverings should be removed often enough
to give the plants sufficient air and light and to
avoid being made soggy by long rain. Stakes
with wire attached in some out of the way spot
make a convenient and inconspicuous rack to hang
them on when they are not in use.

Some vegetables, such as radishes, lettuce, beets,

Brussels sprouts, carrots, endive, kohlrabi, parsley, -

parsnip, spinach and turnips will be able to take
care of themselves until it is time to put all crops
under cover for the winter.

There are many indoor methods of protecting
vegetables: carrots packed in sand in a cool cellar

“a

Double wires attached to stakes in pepper bed. Coy-
erings are thrown across these at night

will keep till the following summer; celery stored
in sand will keep for a few weeks; parsley potted
and kept in a sunny window will bear all winter;
winter squash, put in a warm dry spot, will keep
till spring; eggplant placed separately in paper
bags and hung from the rafters will last till Thanks-
giving; and tomato vines may be hung in a shel-
tered place, or the fruit can be picked when iull
sized but not colored and kept in a drawer till New
Year’s Day.

New York. I. M. ANGELL.

Three New Books on
Vegetable Gardening

THEY CONTAIN THE VERY INFORMATION THAT EVERY
GARDENER NEEDS AND FINDS IT DIFFICULT TO
OBTAIN AT THE MOMENT NEEDED

Vegetable Gardening

By R. L. Watts. This complete, concise and authentic book
covers every phase of: vegetable gardening and is especially
well organized as a text-book and equally valuable as a hand-
book for practical growers. An idea of the scope and com-
pleteness of the book may be gained by noting the following
subjects, each of which has been treated in a separate chapter:
A General View, Selection of Location, Soils, Tillage, and
Tillage Tools, Stable Manures, Green Manures and Cover
Crops, Commercial Fertilizers, Irrigation, Insect Enemies
and Fungous Diseases, Seeds and Seed Growing, Construc-
tion of Hot-beds, Construction of Cold Frames, Construction
of Greenhouses, Seed Sowing, Transplanting, Growing Early
Vegetable Plants Under Glass, Marketing, Co-operative As-
sociations, The Storage of Vegetables, and the Classification
of Vegetables. Profusely illustrated. 538 inches. 550
pages. Cloth. Net $1.75

Melon Culture

By J Troop. This is a practical treatise on the melon, which
is intended to be of service to the amateur as well as to the
large commercial grower. It includes the history of both the
muskmelon and watermelon, the botanical characters, clim-
ate, soil and other conditions affecting their growth, a dis-
cussion of the kinds of soil suitable for each. It also treats
of the kinds and methods of application of various fertilizers
and the different cultural methods which are practiced by our
large commercial growers are taken up in detail. Mlustrated.
5x7 inches. 1toopages. Cloth. Net...............- $0.50

sane eens Bee e tere eee e ce ee eee eseee

Peas and Pea Culture

By G. C. Sevey. This interesting little book is intended for
the student and practical farmer alike. The author brings
both experience and observation to bear on the subject mat-
ter, Botany, history and distribution, soils, fertilizers and
inoculation, cultural principles, composition and feeding
value, insect and fungous pests, canned pea industry, breed-
ing and seed improvement, garden peas and varieties, sweet
peas and their culture, etc.. are carefully reviewed and
brought together in a workable way. Illustrated. 5x 7inches.
120\pages.. Cloth. (Net... :....06s2eoseee eee $0.50

Catalog Free to All

Our Brief Descriptive Catalog (40 pages) will be sent free of
charge to all applying for the same. Our New, Large, Descriptive
Illustrated Catalog, (128 pages) 6x9 inches, fully illustrated,
thoroughly indexed by titles and authors, and containing detailed
descriptions of all the best books on rural and home topics, sent
for six cents in stamps — which only pays the postage.

ORANGE JUDD COMPANY
315-321 Fourth Avenue New York City

Small Fruits

I grow Strawberry, Raspberry, Blackberry
\ and other small Fruit }Plants, Grape Vines,
Shrubbery, Privet, etc. My FREE Catalogue
tells the truth about them, and the prices
quoted are fair for good stock, true to name,
Write me today.

W. F. Allen, 54 Market St., Salisbury, Md.

You Can’t Cut a Tough Beard Witha Trade-Mark

A razor actually worth $5.00—yet YOU can buy it complete for 75 cents
because its construction is so simple, and we are satisfied with
a small profit. The workmanship is faultless; blades are finely

tempered, and ground to “hair-splitting” keenness. All parts
highly silver plated.
THE

PERFECT SAFETY RAZOR
is made to shave. It conforms to the face; is adjusted to
“close” or “regular” shave. Put up in fine leatherette case.
Postpaid 75 Cents. Satisfaction guaranteed or money refimded.

THE VAN BUREN COMPANY, 7172 KENDIG PL., HEMPSTEAD, N.Y-

Let “WAGNER” Plan Your
Next Year’s Garden NOW !

Your “place” may be but a bit of suburban yard yet
Wagner Landscape Service will enable you to make ita
picture of tasteand beauty. Now is the time to plan next
summer’s effects. Wagner Nurseries offer the finest of
shrubs, plants, vines, roses, etc., and our Landscape De-
partment is invaluable in advising you as to their most
effective disposition. Write forthe W agnerbook, “Plants and
Plans for Beautiful Surroundings’’, and our“‘Service’ offer,

Wagner Park Nurseries

Florists, Nurserymen, Landscape Gardeners
Box 637 SIDNEY, OHIO

The Readers’ Service will giv
NovemBer, 1911 at H 1D; G A R D E N M A G AZ I NE SW amon Aiud apn badieem 191

THE ONE BEST GIFT

For Christmas, Anniversary or Wedding.

Piedmont Southern. Red Cedar Wardrobe Couch. Built of
fragrant Southern Red Cedar with. finely upholstered top |
and lid hung on self raising springs. A luxurious lounge { UE cla teen gis
and roomy cedar ghest: cee: Finest ppholsterne BEA ,

and wide choice of materials. any sizes and styles. 3
Perfect Protection Against Moths, Mice, Dust and Damp. UTIFUL, USEFUL, DURABLE
Send for free booklet, “The Story of Red Cedar” and big catalog showing full line of couches, chifforobes and chests,
Shipped DIRECT FROM FACTORY AT FACTORY PRICES ON 15 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL. All freight charges prepaid.

PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST COMPANY, Dept. O, Statesville, N. C.

E only pruner made
that cuts from both
sides of the limb and does not bruise
Pat’d June 2, 1903. the bark. Made in all styles and
— sizes We pay Express charges on

y

RHODES MEG. Co., — all orders.
LSE US 3 Write for circular and prices

RHODES DOUBLE CUT H
/ PRUNING SHEAR cee

you Buildi

you Building?
Bear in mind that it is the manner in

which your woodwork is finished more

than the quality of the wood itself that

gives you artistic interiors. Johnson’s

Wood Dye makes inexpensive soft woods
such as Cypress, Red Gum, and others, just as
artistic and beautiful as expensive hard woods.

We will guarantee that it can be done with ‘‘ Scalecide for less money, with less effort,

Johnson’s Have You and more effectively than with Lime-Sulfur or anything else. ‘‘Scalecide’’ may be mixed

anywhere, in any kind ofa tank or barrel that is clean. ‘‘Scalecide does not corrode the

W d D pumps or clog the nozzle; consequently the pumps work very much easier, with less
C@] Oo y e labor, wear and tear. ‘‘ Scalecide’”’ will not injure the most delicate skin, ana may be
{ on uered placed in the eyes even, without the slightest inconvenience or injury. Let us prove the
A cj aeo tatements. A postal request to Dept. ‘‘I”’ will bring you by return maii free, our book,
is made in fifteen artisti :— q : :
Pair Ose g shade, paloys: “Modern Methods of Harvesting, Grading and Packing Apples,’’ and new booklet,
. Sy é ra f 5 ae PAS Ae 3 4
. 123 Dark Oak ieee EE pele HCE Oak **Scalecide, the Tree-Saver.” If your dealer cannot supply you with ‘ Scalecide,’”’ we

125 Mission Oak . 124 Moss Greene will deliver it toany railroad station in the United States east of the Mississippiand north
. 140 Early English - 122 Forest Green

. 110 Bog Oak -172 Flemish Oak San Jose Scale ? of the Ohio rivers on receipt of the price: so-gal. bbls., $25.00 30-gal. bbls., $16.00; 10-gal.
. 128 Light Mahorany -178 Brown Flemish Oak e cans, $6.75; 5-gal. cans, $3.75. Address: B. G. Pratt Co., 50:\Church St., New York City.

129 Dark Mahozany . 120 Fumed Oak
. 130 Weathered Oak

Johnson’s Wood Dye is
endorsed by architects’
contractors, painters
and home-owners
everywhere. We will
gladly mail you

CABBA GE WORMS destroyed by dust-
ing with HA MMOND’S SLUG SHOT

So used for 30 years. SOLD BY ALL SEED DEALERS.
For pamphlets worth having write B. HAMMOND, Fishkill-on-Hudson, New York.

Panels FREE

Tell us the kind of
woods you plan to use
and we will mail you
panels of those woods
artistically finished—a/so
ask for booklet GM rt
“Specifications and In-
structions For Finishing
New Woodwork and
Floors’’— all free and post-
paid. Write for them today.
Address

S. C. Johnson & Son

@ “The Wood Finishing Authorities”
Racine, Wisconsin

NEW “GARDEN LIBRARY” VOLUMES

It will be welcome news to the thousands who have drawn inspiration from the nine
volumes of this admirable series, that we now have ready three more volumes
on important special subjects :

Per volume, Net, $1.10 (postage 10 cents)
Chrysanthemums, and How to Grow Them by /. L. Powell

A complete manual of instruction. _ Illustrated.

Vines and How to Grow Them by William McCollom

A practical yolume dealing with all kinds of climbing and trailing plants for garden effects.
Many illustrations of trellises and supports, and how to make them.

Garden Planning by W. S. Rogers
Especially designed to help the maker of small gardens, who wants to start properly in
fitting his desire to the conditions and situations.

"Reduce your labor; save your time. Get a

Planet Jr. Potato Digger
1911 catalogue free. Write to-day.
S.L. ALLEN & CO., Box 1108S, Philadelphia, Pa.

Y Rigs of
PR All Sizes
: For All Uses

Former Issues:

oses, and How to Grow Them Water-Lilies, and How to Grow Them

The Leader Sprayer Ris Sonics e ; By Many Experts By Henri Hus and Henry S. Conard
for up-to-date orchardists Ferns, and How to Grow Them House Plants ee by Parker Thayer Barnes
ae paar Most ue By G. A. Woolson Orchard and Fruit Garden

factory of all orchard spray Lawns, and How to Make Them By E. P. Powell
Je ee Gee Pee ee yee eaden

: ils- i o Grow Them e Vegetable Garden
Bucket, Barrel, Mounted 4- Daffodils-Narcissus, and How 2 Dan Rae By Ida D. Bennett

Free catalogue describes en-
tire line. Write for it. Also
spraying formula, calendar and
complete spraying directions.
ddress =
FIELD FORCE PUMP COMPANY, 48 11th St., Elmira, N.Y,

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., Garden City, New York

Qo The Readers’ Service will give you
192 suggestions for the care of live-stock

Information about the

Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory [pynaon aboursne

dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given. Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT,
THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, 11-13 W. 32nd Street, New York.

CANDEE

Have You Investigated Poultry?

Think of One Plant Hatching 30,000 Eggs Every Three
Weeks With Candee Equipment.

Men of national reputation are establishing poultry departments on their farms and
they are specifying Candee Incubators and Brooding Systems.

Candee machines have made quantity
production not only possible but also
tremendously profitable. Poultry has
therefore become a concentrated busi-
ness proposition.

You start with any sized incubator from
1200 eggs up and add on sections
whenever you desire.

Candee equipments have the stamp of
approval of the leading poultry and
heating experts. More Candeesystems
in use than all other makes combined.

A Six-Section 3600 Egg Safety Incubator. .
Insurable plant. This size has seven safeguards against overheating.
uilt in sections like a bookcase.

Complete Service—We can furnish building plans for individual requirements, advise as to location,
equipment necessary and every detail. [Let us send our Catalogue, Free Upon Request.

Candee Incubator & Brooder Co., Dept. 15, Dewitt, N. Y.

Large Berkshires
at Highwood

Regular Fall Offering of pigs 8 to 10
weeks old; may be selectedin pairs or
trios no akin. We have the largest
herd of these animals in the U.S.
Every animal sold registered at our
expense and guaranteed to be satis-
factory to purchaser.

H. C. & H. B. Harpending
Dundee, N. Y.

and lively growing pigs are quick money-makers. Jersey Reds are the most
satisfactory, all-around breed. Those who have tried them say so. Fatten
easily and quickly. are small-boned, long-bodied, vigorousand prolific; quality
of neat unsurpassed. Havesome choice offerings now. Satisfaction guaranteed,
Write quickly. Free Catalog. Arthur J. Collins, Box I, Moorestown, N. J.

THE FARM LIBRARY

containing ‘‘Soils,"*‘*Farm Animals,” ‘‘Farm Management,” ‘‘Cotton.’’ Each
illustrated from photographs, Books sold separatelp at $2.00 per vol. postpaid,

DovusBLepDAY, Pace & Co., GARDEN City N. Y.

ct “Farr’s Hardy Plants”—A book ~>
g YY that tells about the wonderful Irises, Peonies, Poppies and 2)
Anemones that have made Wyomissing famous, besides numer-\ “t=

ous other garden treasures. More than a mere catalogue—Free. C4

Bertrand H. Farr, Wyomissing Nurseries, 643D Penn St., Reading, Pa. ft

“Wigwarm’ Portable Poultry Houses

Make Poultry Keeping Easy

5 Section Poultry House

These are houses that will grow
with your business. You can get
additional sections at any time. A
more sanitary or comfortable house
could not be built. Made in 10x 10 ft.
sections, each fitted with roosts, nests,
fountain and complete in every detail. Open

No.0 Colony Laying House

Fitted complete with nests, fountain
and feed trough. Sanitary. Easily
cleaned and aired. One man can
easily raise several hundred birds.
Nicely painted. Can be put together in fifteen
minutes. Complete protection from rats,
skunks, hawks and other enemies. Winter or

fronts with canvas covered frames—far th 3
better than glass windows. Easily erected. ees er eae |
Used on many large poultry farms and able. In stormy S if smn Ss

endorsed wherever used.

weather the run 2
may be covered
at top and sides,
giving protection
and scratch room. &

Size, 10x4 ft.,5 ft. high.

== = ZI
for one 10ft. section. Additional sections $60 each.

Write to-day for
Poultry Catalogue

Washington St. Boston, Mass. |

E. F. HODGSON CO., 116

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

NovemBeER, 1911

Are Tree or Standard Roses Any
Good?

SPREE or standard roses, such as are illustrated

herewith, cost a great deal more than bush
roses and bear fewer flowers. What inducement,
then, is there to cultivate them, especially as they
are not hardy in America and have to be taken up
every autumn and buried over winter?

Some believe that standard roses bear larger
flowers. It is true that in England they will often
bear a few fine flowers fit for exhibition, but their
garden effect in America is usually very disap-
pointing. Even in England standard roses die
by the thousand, and in America they have such
weak tops that they look ridiculous.

The only excuse for existence which standard
roses have, in my opinion, is that they are sup-
posed to harmonize with architectural lines.
Unfortunately, their stems are never absolutely

Tree, or standard, roses have little value for Ameri-
can gardens because they need such care over winter

straight and their stakes are unsightly, so that they
generally give a feeling of weakness, poverty and
pretense to American gardens, especially small
ones, in which they seem to ape the fashions of the
rich.

If they bloomed all summer there would be more

sense in them, but they do not and when out of -

bloom are unsightly. It is very important to break
the flatness of American gardens but I believe this
can be better done by means of surrounding walls
and arbors, by summer houses and fountains.
From time immemorial bay trees in tubs have
been used to get height in gardens without robbing
the flowers, and in my opinion they are far more
dignified than the standard roses.

“Roses and How to Grow Them” says: ‘‘ They
fit formal gardens only and are effective for an
‘avenue’ effect on the sides of the principal walk.
As ordinarily grown, standard roses are not suc-
cessful in our gardens as they suffer from bark
scald in summer and they die in winter.” Those
who have a legitimate use for standard roses should
see that they are grafted upon the dog rose and have
the stems wrapped in moss in summer. At the
approach of winter the plants must be dug up and
buried in trenches about eighteen inches deep.

New Jersey. Tomas McApam.

NovEeMBER, 1911

Baby Chicks of Quality

Sent by Express Direct to You

Why bother with eggs? I can supply you with healthy
young chicks at once and guaranteethem to reach you in Boor
condition. Fishel Strain White Plymouth Rocks, S. C.R
Reds and other breeds. Prices reasonable. Chick catalogue a

R. C. Caldwell,Box 1025, Lyndon, Ross Co., Ohio

Maplecroft Rhode Island Reds

win at all the leading shows. “It pays to buy
the best.”” Stock and Eggs for sale in large
quantities. Send for Circular and Mating List
of S. C. Reds. J. G. Dutcher, Prop. Address

Maplecroft Farms, Pawling, New York

This pail keeps out the
dirt, hair and filth that
get inat milking time.
Strong, patterned right,
easy to wash. We proveit.}

TERILAC

SAMATARY: MILK Sead

MAKE YouR HENS LAY

Send for and read our book on feeding raw bone. Rich in pro-
tein and all other egg elements. Get twice the eggs, more fertile
eggs, vigorous chicks, earlier broilers, heavier fowls, bigger profits.

MANN’S [stsstasé! 10 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL
a"

Bone Cutter

No money injadvance. Makes
bone- cutting simple, easy,
rapid. Try it and see. Open
hopper, automatic feed. Cuts
all bone with adhering meat
and gristle. Never clogs.
Don’t buy until you try.
Book free. F. W. Mann Co.
BOX 325, Milford, Mass.

WINDHOLME’S IMPORTED BOUNDER 2699

Buy Tamworths the hog of the future. To clean up on fall litters we willsell
while they last, herds consisting of one boar and two sows for $25.00. F. O.
B. Islip. For reasons why the Tamworth is the very best hog in sight, address

W. C. McCollom, Supt., Windholme Farm, Islip, New York,

Delight the Al Shetland Pony

Child’s 7 S

—is an unceasing source
of pleasure. A safe and
ideal playmate. Makes
the child strong and of
robust health. Inexpensive
7 to buy and keep. Highest
types here. Complete outfits.
Entire satisfaction. Write
for illustrated catalog.

BELLE MEADE FARM
Dept. 15, Markham, Va.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service will give
injormation about automobiles

193

LIVING FROM POULTRY

HOW I MADE $1500.00 IN TEN MONTHS ON A
CITY LOT 40 FEET SQUARE

WHEN I originally made the abcve statement, it seem-

ed incredible, but now I can prove it by not only
my own experience, but by the enthusiastic testimony of
thousants of Philo poultry raisers throughout the United
States. I will give you their names; show you their
letters ; prove to you just what they are making and how
they are making it.

The Philo System is Unlike All Other Ways of Keeping Poultry

and in many respects just the reverse, accomplishing

things in poultry work that have always been considered

impossible, and getting unheard of results that are hard to
believe without seeing.

The New System Covers All Branches of the Work Necessary for
Success

from selecting the breeders to marketing the product.
It tells how to get eggs that will hatch, how to hatch
nearly every egg “and how to raise nearly all the chicks
hatched. It gives complete plans in detail how to make
everything necessary to run the business and at less than
half the cost required to handle the poultry business in
any other manner.

Two-Pound Broilers in Eight Weeks

are raised in a space of less than a square foot to the
broiler, and the broilers are of the very best quality, bring-
ing here 3 cents a pound above the highest market price.

Our Six-Months-Old Pullets are Laying at the Rate of 24 Eggs Each
Per Month

in a space of two square feet for each bird. No green cut
bone of any description is fed, and the food used is inex-
pensive compared with food others are using.

Don’t Let the Chicks Die in the Shell

One of the secrets of success is to save all the chick-
ens that are fully developed at hatching time, whether
they can crack the shell or not. It is a simple trick and
believed to be the secret of the ancient Egyptians and
Chinese which enabled them to sell the chicks at ro cents
a dozen.

Chicken Feed at 15 Cents a Bushel.

Our book tells how to make the best green food with
but little trouble. and have a good supply any day in the
year, winter and summer. It is just as impossible to get
a large egg yield without green food as it is to keep a cow
without hay or fodder.

Our New Brocder Saves 2 Cents on Each Chicken

No lamp required. No danger of chilling, over heating
or burning up the chickens as with brooders using lamps
or any kind of fire. They also keep all the lice off the
chickens automatically or kill any that may be on them
when placed in the brooder. Our book gives full plaus and
the right to make and use them. One can easily be made
in an hour at a cost of 25 to 50 cents.

Our new book, THE PHILO SYSTEM OF POULTRY
KEEPING, gives full particulars regarding these wonder-
ful discoveries, with simple, easy-to-understand directions
that are right to the point, and rs pages of illustrations
showing all branches of the work from start to finish.

Testimonial
Drnver, Col.,
Mr. E. W. Puito, Elmira, N. Y.

Dear S1x:—WNo doubt you will be interested to learn of
our success in keeping poultry by the Philo System. Our
first year’s work is now nearly completed. It has given
us an income of over $500.00 from six pedigree hens and
one cockerel. Had we understood the work as well as
we now do after a year’s experience, we could have easily
made $1,000.00 from the six hens. In addition to the profits
from the sale of pedigree chicks, we have cleared over
$960.00 running our hatchery plant consisting of 56 Cycle
hatchers. We are pleased with the results and expect to
do better the coming year. With best wishes, we are

Very truly yours, (Mrs.) C. P. Goopricn

Others are succeeding in every state and Mr. Philo’s
NEW o6-page book entitled, Making Poultry Pay, gives
accounts of their experience and success, and carefully
selected matter of permanent value to every poultry raiser.
This book will be mailed for toc in stamps or money, or
if ordered with the Mew Exlarged Philo System Book
both will be sent for $1.00.

THE POULTRY REVIEW

is a monthly magazine edited by Mr. Philo and a score of
other expert and practical poultrymen, and now has over
I10,000 subscribers.

SPECIAL OFFER

Our New Book, “‘MAKING POULTRY PAY,’ 96 pages, $ .10

New Enlarged Edition of the ““‘PHILO SYSTEM BOOK” 1.00
If ordered at once will mail the two books for 1.00

“THE POULTRY REVIEW” (one year) -- so HK

“MAKING POULTRY PAY,’ “PHILO SYSTEM BOOK”

and “‘THE POULTRY REVIEW ”’ one year, postpaid, all for 1.50

Oct. 30, 1910.

E. R. Philo, Pub., 2291 Lake St., Elmira, N. Y.

DON’T

A $40. 0O HOUSE
Complete :

thousands of users testify.

in your poultry work.

Potter Portable Poultry Houses

Style “‘A’’>5— 8x10 foot house,
with 8-foot Potter outfit, $40. Many other
styles and sizes.

POTTER & COMPANY

poultry people.
mailed on request,

Satisfaction Guaranteed — when you buy our goods.
are made right and do please our customers.
when you use our vermin-proof roosts and nests.
pleasure and profit and for the sake of your hens, you cannot
afford to be without Potter fixtures.

Our Two Catalogues — (136 pages, 150 illustrations) on port-
able houses and coops, fixtures, feed hoppers, trap nests, feeds
and supplies ofall kinds at lowest prices, will interest you.
Mailed for two red stamps to cover postage.
complete be convinced that Potter Poultry Products are for particular
We also make portable auto houses.

BOX 22

BUILD

You can buy better, cheaper, more complete ready (factory) made hen-houses, roosting and nesting fixtures,
coops, etc., from Potter & Co., because they have been making these goods for ten years and know how.

Convenient :
Potter Portable Houses and Fixtures have these good points, as

Potter goods are Ax in quality and low
in price. They are made fora purpose and save you time and labor

Sanit
eater A $5 Hennery Outfit

They
No lice and mites
For your own

Write today and

No. 36, 5-foot two-perch Potter outfit, price
$5. Made in i2 sizes.

DOWNERS GROVE, ILLINOIS

Catalogue

The Readers’ Service will give you
194 suggestions for the care of live-stock aly H E G A R D EK N M A G A IL, I N E NOVEMBER, 1911

MORE CHICKS—BETTER CHICKS
—AND FOR LESS MONEY

The Hall Mammoth Incubators
hatch a larger per cent of chicks —
ear stronger, healthier chicks and at less

N= cost per chick than any other system

of artificial incubation.

They embody the laws of nature
so perfectly that every essential to
a maximum per cent of hatch is cor-
rectly supplied. Heat, moisture
and air are furnished equally as well
as nature does. This fact accounts
for the vigor of the chicks when they
come out of the shell. The tempera-
ture has always been just right.
The moisture condition has also been
properly maintained at all times, and
the air has been pure — oxygen
laden. These three essentials are
under absolute control.

Our free catalog “ Fact & Argu-
ment” tells about artificial incuba-
fion and upon what we base our
assertion — Hall Mammoth Excels
All.” Send for it today.

=- =

etc]
=

bee ee a if With a planting of Berckmans’ Broad-Leaved Evergreens you can enjoy, right on your own

ground, a wealth of unusual shrubs, that take you awav from the conventional things and suggest the
rampant beauties of mountain, wood and meadow. Our offerings include such things as Rhododen-
drons in many varieties: Azalea Indica in over fifty varieties; Japanese Barberry, Box. Laurel,
Magnolia, and many others.

We grow most of these in pots, transplanting and shearing them frequently to promote vigorous
root-formation and ‘levelopment of top We crow many kinds that do not succeed in the North — we
also grow many hardy varieties which will succeed evervwhere — giving them a better start here, in
our genial Southern atmosphere, than they could get in a colder climate.

Our New Catalogue Devotes Many Pages to Evergreens

with complete cultural directions. descriptions and illustrations. It tells, too, of other valuable

things—shade trees, vines. shrubs. roses and fruits. We will be glad to maila copy to interested

home-owners on request. Consult our Landscape Department whenever we can serve you in the
proper planting of your grounds. Address 207 Terminal Building.

P. J. BERCKMANS COQ., INC.

Frvitland Nurseries, Box 1070 B, Augusta, Georgia.

SHERWIN-WILLIAMS
PAINTS & VARNISHES

To bring out the natural beauty

of shingles and preserve them from
the weather, use S-W Preservative
Shingle Stain. Made with creosote,
the best wood preservative known.
See samples at Sherwin-Williams

dealers, showing stain on wood.

Address all inquiries to The Sherwin-Williams Co., 657 Canal Road, N. W., Cleveland, Ohio
LL LT YS a I AN

OF THE WILD” 10 YOUR OWN DOOR ||

Power

For Every Purpose

HE power needs of country places
are most varied. To meet them
successfully and economically, a

gasoline engine must be exceptionally well
designed and well built. It must be
capable of a wide range of work. It must
have an efficient governor to prevent |
waste of fuel when running with a light
load. It must be able to handle sud-—
denly-applied overloads without undue |
strain on the mechanism of the engine. |

I H C Gasoline Engines

are built to meet just such varied needs. [If |
your heaviest normal work requires 6 horse
\ power and your lighest only 2, a 6 horse |
j power engine will take care of both. It will use
only as much fuel as a 2 horse power engine when
doing that amount of work. It will develop, in
| an emergency, from 10 to 20 per cent more power |
than its rating.
I H C engines are well designed, easy to under-
! stand, easy to manage, and are built with scrup-
ulous attention to every detail of material and
workmanship. They give satisfactory service
wherever installed. They win words of praise
from owners in country houses everywhere.

You can choose just the engine for your work
from the different sizes and styles of I Cc
Engines, 1-to 50-horse power, air-cooled or water-
cooled. They are built to operate on gas, gaso-
line, naphtha, kerosene, distillate, or alcohol.

Let us send you our complete catalogue. A post card will bring it. |

International Harvester Company of America |
INCORPORATED
71 Harvester Building CHICAGO USA

““The Care of Trees”.

Have you any old trees for which you have a fondness that are
showing signs of decay, or that have broken and dangerous limbs |
or that have decayed cavities. Ifso you had better have us look |
at them. They may have decayed parts that run into the heart-
wood, slowly but surely killing them. We can give these trees a |
clean bill of health by skillfully treating the decayed parts and by |
bolting and bracing the limbs, and strengthen them to stand the |
most severe storms. |

If your orchard is run down, infested with San Jose scale, cod-
dling moth, borers and other insect pests, if your trees were
stripped of foliage last year: in short, have you any trees that
require attention, our work embraces every line of scientific for-
estry, pruning. spraying, tree surgery, insect control complete in
every respect. (Wesend men anywhere.)

Have our representative look over your trees and submit a re-
pout of their condition to you. We offer special rates to park |

oards, Village Improvement Societies and Boards of Trustees.

We also carry a complete line of trees and shrubs

G.L.HARKINS C9X¢982: 5,7

Charles Wagner wrote
in “The Simple Life”:

‘““Why, under pretext of
decorating our homes, do we
destroy that personal character
which always has such value P
Why have our sleeping-rooms
conform to those of hotels,
our reception-rooms to wait-
ing-rooms, by making pre-
dominant a uniform type of
official beauty.

‘“Whata pity to go through
the houses of a city, the cities
of a country, and encounter
everywhere certain forms
identical, inevitable, exaspe-
rating by their repetition.”’

advice.

Regarding the Decoration and Furnishing of Our Homes

Simplicity
Individuality

Beauty
Good Taste

These are intangible attri-
butes, but there are definite
ways by which they may be
achieved — fundamental prin-
ciples which must be followed,
as well as specific rules, meth-
ods, and materials to be-
come acquainted with. There
are thingsworthlearning about

Furniture
Draperies
Window Curtains
Wall-Papers
Tapestries

Rugs

START RIGHT

It is expensive to redecorate, and more expensive to refurnish.
you would avoid mistakes, if you would secure the best possible results,
you cannot afford to neglect any authoritative source of information and
Cooperating with well known and experienced architects and
decorators, working toward a practical end, we have constructed with
much care and forethought a special number of

If

Country Lute

im America

devoted to the consideration of the important subjects of interior decorating and home furnishing.

Inside-the-House Number—Out November 15th

The

All sides of these subjects will be treated and a selection of photographs offered which
are full of suggestion to people with homes.
illustrated articles :

“The Meaning of Good Taste in Home Furnishing,” by Phil M. Riley; “ Individuality
in Home Decoration,” by Harriet Joor; “Antique Furniture in the Home,” by H. S. Adams;
“Walls and Wall Coverings,” by George Leland Hunter; ‘‘ Some Old-Time Wall-Papers,”
photographs by Frank Cousins; ‘“The Quest for the Curtain,” by Anne O’Hagan; “ The Mar-
ket,” by Clara B. Lyman; “‘ The Architectural Treatment of Interiors,’ by Helen Quinche
Blair; and the Departments— ‘‘ The New Sport of Flying,” ‘““ The Automobile,” “ Power
Yachting,” “‘ Garden and Grounds,” “‘Gardening Under Glass,” ‘‘ Stable and Kennel.”

25 Cents a Copy at the News Stands

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY,

Write for our latest Combination Offers

The number will include the following

$4.00 a Year, postpaid

Garden City, New York

A corner of the Music Room
in the White House

Photo copyright by Waldon Fawcett, Washington, D. C. REG. U.S. PAT OFF.
Permission for reproduction granted to Victor Talking Machine Co., Camden, N. J.

THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK

DECEMBER Making One Acre Look Like Ten 15c

1911 Protecting Vines Moving Big Trees
Vol. XIV. No.5 Uncommon Vegetables Window Boxes Indoors 7 $1.50 a Year

FT YS

COUNTRY LIFE oe DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. 6) THE WORLD'S
IN AMERICA c Chicago GARDEN CITY, N. Y. New York WORK

BOBBINK &

Nursery

World’s Choicest

ATKINS

and Greenhouse Products

AUTUMN PLANTING AND INTERIOR DECORATION

The proper way to buy is to see the material growing. We shall gladly give our time and attention to all intending purchasers visiting our Nursery and

invite everybody interested in improving their grounds to visit us.

Our Nursery consists of upward of 300 acres of highly cultivated land, and is planted with

a choice selection of Ornamental Nursery Products, placing us in a position to complete plantings and fill orders of any size.

EVERGREENS AND CONIFERS IN TUBS, for interior and exterior
decoration. More than 75 acres of our Nursery are planted with handsome
specimens. Our plants are worth traveling any distance to see.

DECIDUOUS TREES AND SHRUBS. Many acres of our Nursery are
planted with several hundred thousand trees and shrubs. It is worth while
to visit us and inspect them.

HARDY OLD FASHIONED PLANTS. We have thousands of rare, new

and old-fashioned kinds. Special prices on quantities.

RHODODENDRONS. Many thousands of acclimated plants in Hardy

English and American varieties are growing in our Nursery. ‘These can
be planted at this time in Southern and Far Western States.

HEDGE PLANTS. We grow a large quantity of California Privet, Ber-
beris and other shrubs for hedges.

HARDY TRAILING AND CLIMBING VINES.
every place and purpose. Ask for special list.
ROSES. We have several hundred thousand Roses growing in our fields.

Order now from our catalogue for Spring Delivery.

OUR NEW GIANT FLOWERING MARSH MALLOW.

We have them for

Everybody should be interested in this Hardy New Fashioned Flower.
everywhere, and when in bloom is the Queen of Flowers in the garden.

BOXWOOD IN TUBS. We grow thousands of plants in many shapes
and sizes. Everybody loves the rich green color and delicate aroma of
old-fashioned Boxwood.

BAY TREES, DECORATIVE PLANTS FOR CONSERVATORIES,
interior and exterior decorations are grown in our 250,000 square teet
of greenhouses.

PALMS. We grow Kentias, Phoenix, Dracaena, in a quantity, ana a
variety of beautiful plants for house and greenhouse decoration. Don’t
fail to walk through our greenhouses when visiting our Nursery.

BULBS AND ROOTS. We import quantities of Bulbs and Roots from
Japan, Holland, and other parts of Europe. Our Special Autumn Bulb
Catalogue will be mailed upon request

BOXWOOD, EVERGREENS AND IVIES FOR WINDOW BOXES. We
grow hundreds of thousands of these plants especially for Window Box

purposes.

POT-GROWN STRAWBERRIES. French Four Season, and all other
leading varieties. Ask for special list.

PLANT “TUBS AND WINDOW BOXES. We manufacture every shape

and size.

It will grow
Blooms from the early part of July until the latter part of September.

OUR ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOGUE No. 25 will tell you about the above and all our other products for decorating Lawns and Gardens.
We Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Everywhere
THE GENERAL SUPERVISION OF PUBLIC GROUNDS AND PRIVATE ESTATES A SPECIALTY
WE CAN MAKE OLD GARDENS NEW AND NEW GARDENS OLD WITH OUR “WORLD’S CHOICEST NURSERY PRODUCTS”
VISITORS, take Erie Railroad to Carlton Hill, second stop on Main Line, 3 minutes’ walk to Nursery.

BOBBINK & ATKINS

| Nurserymen, Florists and Planters

Beautify Lawn or Terrace

by sowing the Wizard A A

Lawn Producer L
Comes up anywhere, all it needs is soil and moisture.
Seed and fertilizer scientifically mixed to produce marvelous results.
Hundreds praise its great efficiency. (Cheaper, goes further than
common seed. Ask for FREE Booklet, ‘‘ How to Make a Lawn,”

The Kalaka Company a ED Chicago, Ill.

Union Stock Yards, 71 Harvester Bldg.

Food with
the Ocean
Taste

pea
$ “08 okay Mo

:
ca Cri Si,

‘co. Rips08 4

From
Ocean to
Consumer

tesidences where express companies make such deliveries.

Consumers Fish Company,

Power for Country Homes

I H C Gasoline Engines are simple and easy to operate, besides
being economical, durable. and reliable.
pumping water and operating machines on the farm or estate. Write
for catalogues of facts and figures. Address

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA

(Incorporated)

That is what every one says of our

NABOB BRAND

of Absolutely Boneless Georges

CODFISH

The fish from which this is made are caught on those

Ss Banks where the best and thickest codfishare found. It

is the finest selection of the catch, cut into thick, white,

flaky pieces, all bones removed. Tne fish is carefully peeked

in an improved hinge-cover box lined with waxed paper.

You can not get fish of a quality like this
anywhere except from us.

A trial 4-lb. box, $1.00 (5-lb. box, $1.20;
delivered anywhere in the immediate confines of the United States and at

Send for price-list of Mackerel, Halibut, Lobster, Sardines
and all sorts of salt-water products of the highest quality.

66 Commercial Street, Gloucester, Mass.

RUTHERFORD, N. J.

|
Choice Evergreens **°°"Es 5

Onan Planting
Also DECIDUOUS TREES and SHRUBS

Write for large illustrated catalog.

D. HILL NURSERY CO., Inc.
Box 106, DUNDEE, ILLINOIS

SH OF
HARLY

@ Buy your Christmas

e ideal power for

Chicago USA

presents early—early in
the day and early in De-

cember. That will be
your biggest gift of the
holidays to the workers
behind the counters and
on the delivery wagons

10-lb. box, $2.35)

DECEMBER, 1911 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 197

Victor-Vict rola

i) With a Victor-Victrola as low as $15
> ee and others gradually ranging up to the
(@ magnificent Victor-Victrola at $250, why
ax al ff should you longer deny yourself the
¥ &3 pleasure that comes from their possession? =
When these wonderful instru- Victor-Victrola IV
ments bring right into your home a med
wealth of the world’s best music, fairly y. via. vi oe
dazzling in the wideness of its scope —Vieror-vietrola VIL, $40
and the array of talented artists Interpret- — Victor-Victrola IX, $50
ing it, you surely don’t want to deprive Victor-Vietrola X, $75
your family of this great pleasure! The Victor-Victrola XI, $100
pleasure of hearing such famous grand __ Victor-Victrola XIV, $150
opera stars as Caruso, Melba, Tetrazzini:; Migsors SiO Fochree
such eminent instrumentalists as Pader- ee
ewski, Mischa Elman, Maud Powell;such = got <trola
noted vaudeville “headliners” as Harry Mss & sunered oak $200
Lauder, Blanche Ring, George M. Cohan,
such celebrated musical organizations
as Sousa’s Band, Pryor’s Band, Victor
Herbert’s Orchestra!

Whether the home actually feels the need of
music, or whether it is already gay with melody, no
home can afford to be without the exquisite music
produced by this greatest of all musical instruments.

Hearing is believing. Go to any Victor
dealer’s and hear your favorite selections.
Victor Talking Machine Co.
Camden, N. J., U.S.A.

Berliner Gramophone Co., Montreal, Canadian Distributors

Always use Victor Records
played with Victor needles —
there is no other way to get
the unequalled Victor tone

“E >
t
99

Victor Needles 6 cents per 100, 60 cents per 1000 ij
ae
a a

New Wicrar Records are on sale at all dealers on the 28th of each month

REG. U.S. PAT. OFF.

DHE GAR DIE Ne NAG AvZaloNes

TALK: OF THE - OFFICE-|

SS ae

THE:

i} A

“To business that we love we rise betime
And go to ’t with delight.” —A xtony and Cleopatra

To Garden Magazine Readers

This number of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE should reach you about the time you are
beginning to think of Christmas presents. This is also the season when about three-quarters of
all the year’s subscriptions are sent to the publisher. Therefore, it is
a good time to decide what O 9 o.1 O $ 2 subscription you will give your
friends for Christmas, and O 7 z LO we make some suggestions
herewith. Any of these subscriptions mentioned
may be sent to separate ©) B > people and addresses.

O ;
S 3

Cou
© is

For the bene-
fit of our readers
we have organized
a regular subscrip-
tion bureau at Gar-
den City, and will fill
orders for all magazines
published in this country een G |
at lowest prices. Catalogue G 9 p g cl THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS
on request. GARDEN (@EDYer Ie aN: ve

DOUBLEDAY,
PAGE & COMPANY

DEcEMBER, 1911

What England Can Teach
Us About Gardening

By Wilhelm Miller, Ph. D.

HIS isa book by Dr. Miller, Horticultural
Editor of Country Life in America, which
lays for the first time the foundations of

an American style of gardening.

Dr. Miller went abroad with the object of
studying the English gardens, the most beauti-
ful things of their kind in the world, and in this
volume he has embodied those principles and
suggestions which are applicable to Ameri-
can conditions.

What it has taken England hundreds of years
to learn we can profit by; and the immense
value of this book over previous works is that
it recognizes the futility of literal copying and
advocates a devotion to the spirit of English
gardening rather than to the materials.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service is prepared to
advise parents in regard to schools

Create the Things which
People Must Have—Grow Fruit

American people have about reached the end of the
time when they can live by robbing the earth. The cost of
living goes higher, health-necessities get scarcer, the daily
struggle keener, city life and artificial conditions more in-
tolerable. And the man in touch with the soil is the only
man whose feet are not ‘‘on shifting sands.’’ More
and more every year it is clear that the only way to make
the land pay is by intensive cultivation, You will secure
yourself against profitless labor and make your high-
priced land earn interest on your investment in it by
growing fruit—the product of the soil that pays best.

Do the Thing that Pays — Grow Himalaya Berries

Giant Himalaya Berry is a new fruit, from central Asia,
that will revolutionize the berry-growing industry of this
country. The plant is a briary vine that does not die down
or winter-kill an inch. New shoots start where the last
season’s growth stopped, and make 20 to 30 feet of wood a
season. Fruit is borne all along these canes, on the old and
new wood alike. The plants bear at 18 months of age, and
for a hundred years. The Berries resemble blackberries,
but are larger, meatier, have no core and wake a lot more
juice or pulp. Ten tons from an acre of 18 months old plants
is an average crop—20,000 pounds, worth at least $1000.00.

We believe that an acceptance of Dr. Miller’s
principles, both of adoption and rejection, will
put us hundreds of years ahead in the art of

gardening.

Eight plates in color and many in black
Net, $4.00 (postage 35c.)

and white.

carven city Doubleday, Page & Co. new york

DEXTER BROTHERS’
ENGLISH SHINGLE STAINS

Preserve and waterproof the shingles, retaining their natural texture and
beauty. Write for stained miniature shingles and descriptive booklet,
DEXTER BROTILERS CO., 110 Broad St., Boston, 1133 Broadway, N.Y,

oe READERS’ SERVICE gives

information about gardening.

W. L. HORNUNG

Offers the discriminating buyer excellent stock at prices you
can see are right. The birds offered are farm reared, every
one in the best of health and vigor, true to type and name.
Place them in your breeding pens or where you will and they
will please you, give you good results and prove profitable.

In selecting birds to fill your orders he aims to put him-

self in your place and by so doing it is easy to please you.
Write him for prices and such information as you may care for.

He can fill orders for the following: «+

Buff Orpingtons, Barred Rocks, White Rocks, Buff
Rocks, Part. Rocks, Silver Wyandottes, Golden Wy-
andottes, Buff Wyandottes, Part. Wyandottes, R. I.
Reds, Light Brahmas, Buff Cochins, Part. Cochins,
Black Langshans, White Langshans, Brown Leghorns,
R. C. and S.C. White Leghorns, Buff Leghorns, Black
Minorcas, White Minorcas, Blue Andalusians, Black
Spanish, W. C. B. Polish, ‘Golden and Silver Polish,
Dark Cornish, S.S. Hamburgs, Houdans, White Buff
and Bronze Turkeys, Pekin, Rouen, Indian Runner
and Muscovy Ducks, Toulese, Embden and Chinese
Geese, Pea Fowls, Ring Neck Pheasants.

Alddress

W. L. HORNUNG
RURAL ROUTE9, | GREENSBURG, IND.

We KNOW that Giant Himalaya Berry is the coming
fruit, commercially and for the home—you should find it
out. We have told why and how in the Berrydale berry
book and have laid aside a copy for you. Write
us today where to send it.

Berrydale Experiment Gardens
Holland Garden Ave. Michigan

Scale on Citrus Trees Destroyed by
using Hammond’s Thrip Juice. °,:;

30 years. Dilute 800 to 1000 times. Stock carried by E.O. PAINTER FERTILIZER
CO., Jacksonville, Florida. °

For pamphlets worth having write BENJ. HAMMOND, Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y,

Give it the hardest engine test you can think of. Compare it with any other engine. If the
Columbia doesn’t develop more power at less cost, send it back quick. No conditions.
We are willing to let you be the judge and jury. Kerosene (common lamp oil) is by

far the cheapest fuel to-day. The price of gasoline is climbing all the time, while

kerosene remains the same, and in the right engine, it lasts longer and produces more
power per gallon than gasoline. You get ALL the power when you use a Columbia, because it is the
right engine. It is the one really simple and perfect kerosene engine. It never bucks when you need
it most. It is always on the job.

SS Ww” Write for Particulars of Our Big Special Offer

We are going to double our output for next year. Wecandoit easily. It is just a matter of getting
engine users to test the Columbia for themselves. So we are making a great special money saving offer
on Columbia Kerosene Engines. This offer is liable to be withdrawn at any time, so write today for
full particulars, for it is a money saver you would hate to miss.

Free book No. 68 full of engine facts you need to know, sent free.
COLUMBIA ENGINE CO., 68 Fuller Street, DETROIT, MICH., U.S. A.

=
Sizes 2 to 16 H.P.

We Grow the Trees You Love Best
—and Grow Them Uncommonly Well

You have your favorites among Fruit and Ornamental Trees and
Shrubs; perhaps you’ ve been disappointed, sometimes, when order-
ing these, to find that the specimens you got were of inferior quality.
Think what a delight it would have been if they had turned out much’
_ better than you had anticipated !

We make it a point to give our customers more than they expect: we have
the knowledge, the experience and the facilities to produce trees and shrubs
uncommonly well. We are constantly testing out new introductions in fruits and_
flowers, and offer many of the latest reliable productions of leading introducers. We
. have customers all over America, and in many foreign countries. : i
Get Th T Books NO ““Oalifornia Horticulture.’’ Handsomely illustrated in half-
et Ihese Two Books W tone and full colors; invaluable points on planting, pruning,

= © irrigating, etc. 25 cts. postpaid. Illustrated Price Oatalogue, just out, entirely revised. Tell us your
tree and plant needs and we will send you a copy free. Burbank’s newest fruit and nut novelties fully described.

FANCHER CREEK NURSERIES, Inc., Box B, FRESNO, CALIFORNIA
Established 1884 George O. Roeding, President and Manager Paid-up Capital, $200,000

200

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE DECEMBER, 1911

To persuade our subscribers to use subscriptions |
to our magazines for :

CHRISTMAS PRESENTS

we have arranged for “long term” subscriptions at
very low rates, under favorable conditions for the
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THE 1 year $3.00

WORLD'S WoRK 2 Years_ 5.00
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For instance, a three years’ subscription may be sent
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to be interested in these magazines.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., Garden City, N. Y. This privilege of dividing a
Referring to your offer enclosed, please find 2 or 3 year subscription among

¢ for which send The Garden Magazine to
several people ends January
10, 1912.

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and oblige, yours truly, P.S. This offer is open only to our own subscribers and
must be sent direct to Doubleday, Page & Company —it is a
family affair and will not be accepted through any third person.

DECEMBER, 1911

noHree D HSTICh 4 GATHERING GHRISTMIAS GRENNS | (cuvette tite seen RSs a 2 Le ke Se Sk ek

PAGE

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

201

A. R. Dugmore

PAGE

Wuen Boox-Learninc Reatty Herps - - - - - - - 205 SOME PLEBEIAN VEGETABLES FOR WINTER Use Anna Barrows 223
Maxkinc One Acre Loox Like Ten - - Wilhelm Miller 206 Photograph by the author

Photographs and plan by L. Frampton Paine 1 Rim Aipia ne Sinieivatoie ere hoe esa ne > Se lena nee cen 224

TAKING CaRE OF THE VINES IN WINTER - W.C. McCollom 208 LUANNINGREORASUMLIER co ee a = Tomas I. Steed 256

Photographs by the author and H. E. Angell Mheoarqaa yy Ae. imarostes ies ide

UNcomMMON VEGETABLES WortTH GrRowING - J. E. Downing 210 An Ancient Garpen Criry = - - - - Adolph Kruhm 228
Photographs by the author Photograph by the author

ANNUAL ‘“‘RouNnD-UP”’ OF GARDENING ACHIEVEMENTS - - 213 Tue Merits or NorpMann’s FIR - - - - - - - Z. 232

Photographs by the authors

Photograph by the author

Winpow Boxes ror INsmpE THE House L. J. Doogue 216

AN INTERESTING SUCCULENT - - - - -
Photographs by the author

Photograph by the author

Harold Clarke 234

Movine Bic TREES IN WiInTER - - - W.C. McCollom 217
Photographs by the author, H. Troth and others

Ellen Eddy Shaw 220

TRANSPORTING SPECIMEN CHRYSANTHEMUMS - J. L. Powell 236

THE CHILIAN HERB Lity - JET Bares

Photograph by Nathan R. Graves

CHILDREN’S GARDENS EVERYWHERE -
Photograph by A. F. Loomis

OI <PERIBNCH CLUBS == 2 = = =. = = = (992 A Money Maxine ScHEME - - - James A. Patterson 240

For Foreign Postage

SUBSCRIPTION:

$r.co1a year Copyricut, 1911, By DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879
F. N. Doustepay, President WaAttrer H. Pace, Herperr S: Houston, Vice-Presidents H. W. Lanter, Secretary S. A. Everirr, Treasurer

FINEST NEW DAHLIAS

Direct from Holland—

\
Last Spring we sold a large quantity of the latest Dahlia creations to American flower
lovers. In addition, we brought over a quantity of the leading new varieties and planted them
in our own grounds, outside Philadelphia, acclimating them to soil and climate.
Orders are being taken now for Dahlias for Spring delivery, either on the basis of direct impor-
tation or of furnishing the acclimated plants from our Woodmont, Pa., nurseries. Among the varie-
ties are the following

WONDERFUL NEW DAHLIAS introduced by us

The new decorative Dahlia, PRINCESS JULIANA. Received an award of merit, R.H.S.,
London, roro, and a first-class certificate, Amsterdam, 1909. Pure white, perfect flowers, with long
strong stems (cut flowers last three or four days in water) dark green foliage and robust growers.
Unquestionably the finest decorative Dahlia ever introduced. $1.50 each.

Our New Dwarf Paeony Dahlias. The ideal bedding plant, 20 inches high, literally covered
with Paeony Dahlias of the finest sorts for cutting purposes. 60c. each, $5.00 per dozen.

Dwarf Mignon Dahlias. A new strain of very dwarf habit (15 inches high); producing an
early profusion of well formed single flowers. Blooms from June until frost. Received five
first-class certificates and five awards of merit, both as a breeding and cutting plant, at Amsterdam.
Strong field-grown tubers, 75c. each, $3.50 for six.

Send for a copy of our Dahlia leaflet, listing the finest new Dahlia introductions of Europe.
early, for Spring delivery, before acclimated stock is exhausted.

Gt. van Waveren and Kruijff, American Branch House, 140 N. 13th St.
LOUIS BERGER, Msgr. Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A.
HOME OFFICES and NURSERIES: SASSENHEIM, (HAARLEM), HOLLAND as % é
OTHER BRANCHES: Moscow, Russia; Leipsic, Germany; Buenos Ayres, Argentine Republic; London, England; Sneeuwitie (Snowaueen). Pure white Paeony Dahlia, A0c.
Guteburg, Sweden. each, $3.00 per dozen.

add 6sc.
For Canada add 35c.

Single copies 15 cts.

Order

For 7 i pdt ilroad and steam-
202 ship lines, write to te Readers’ Serice” THE GARDEN MAGAZINE DEcEMBER, 1911

A winter garden that you
will thoroughly enjoy

Try a bit of winter gardening with Sunlight Double Glass Sash. You will realize
for the first time the enjoyment of hot-bed
and cold-frame growing, with absolutely none
of the back-breaking, discouraging drudgery.

No covering or uncovering of beds

With Sunlight Double Glass Sash you never have to use

4 mats or boards for covering even in zero weather. The Two layers of glass instead
: 2 - ofonewith a % in
You can have a truck garden in your back, yard that will keep you double layer of glass protects the plants — prevents their ofdry airbetween else.

supplied with fresh vegetables and will give you infinite pleasure ene ayaved| by froct snow anal fee place of mats and boards
; :

Flowers and vegetables when they are luxuries
on the market

Since you never have to cover Sunlight Double Glass Sash
your plants get all the light all the time which makes them
grow rapidly and mature earlier. When lettuce, tomatoes,
cauliflower, radishes, beets, etc., are luxuries on the daily
market, you can have them right out of your own garden if

you use Sunlight Double Glass Sash.
Can also be made profitable

Many amateur growers have made money with their
Sunlight Sash by selling flowers and vegetables to their
neighbors when such things were bringing fancy prices on
the market. For full information address

Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co.

You can haveviolets |
and lettuce all winter;
cauliflower for early |
Spring; tomato plants |
toset out as soon asit ||
is warm |

Get These Two Books |

One is our free catalog; the other is a book
on hot-beds and cold-frames by Professor
Massey. _ It is authoritative, tells how to
make and care for the hot-beds, what and
when to plant. 4c. in stamps will bring
Professor Massey's book in addition to the
catalog.

All yau have to do with Sunlight Sash is to tilt them up on warm
days. Mats and boards atg unknown to Sunlight Sash Users 927 E. Broadway

Louisville, Ky.

Bloom Your Bulbs In Fiber Instead
Of Soil — Easier, Cleaner, Better

You know how disagreeable it is to pot Hyacinths and Narcissus in .soi for winter
blooming. Mussy and unhandy as it is, though caring for them is still worse—there is

always danger in watering lest the pots overflow and soil the tables, stands or floors.

There’s a beiter way now, though — new in America, but long practised abroad. It’s the use of
prepared fiber, clean, dry, easily-handled, into which the bulbs are placed and given water only occa-
sionally. They develop rapidly and require but little care. Pots or jardinieres containing fiber do
not require drainage— they may be set anywhere without danger of damaging woodwork by flooding.
For those who prefer to grow Hyacinths in water, we offer special inducements as below. _ For full
particulars, and latest practical information about all Fall Ga dening, get

Boddington’s Summer and Autumn Garden Guide

— telling all about what to plant, and where, when and how to plant it. Tulips, Hyacinths, Narcissus,
Crocus, etc.; Hardy Lilies; Irises ,Paeonies; and a wonderfully complete collection of perennial plants,
seeds, etc. By all means get this book, and get it mow (it’s free.) Your request will bring it promptly,

Trial Offers on Fiber and Bulbs

3 Roman or Dutch Hyacinths and 1 Art Jardiniere; or 6 Tulips, red, white or
yellow, and x Art Jardiniere; or 5 Paper White Narcissus and 1 Art Jardiniere;
or 4 Narcissus Golden Spur (yellow) and xz Art Jardiniere; or 3 Chinese Sacred
Narcissus and 1 Art Jardiniere, with sufficient fiber and charcoal to grow any of
the above collections for $1.00, 3 for $2.75.

Prices on larger quantities supplied on request
Trial Offers on Hyacinths and Glasses

One 1st size Hyacinth and one Tall or Tye glass....................-.se0eeeeee ee $0 35
i@ % two “Oo “o ‘twvo) dyes glasses'.i.)as ascidian: 65
Three “ “ ‘ three “O) “ON phreee Wye slassesui.cee cite. eso averiers eee 90

tis ours . Eoin rote IPO ECE BSacdopancanccoscokcbannoNeo9S 115
Roman Hyacinths Growing in Our Prepared Fiber Five five five Tye glasses sy eucadiessaialteelhene el eee Rests dnmebametone tot 1 25

ARTHUR T. BODDINGTON, Seedsman, Dept. G., 342 West 14th St., NEW YORK CITY

ce ec “ce (73 (73 (73

The G

VoL. XIV—No. 5

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

arden Magazine

DECEMBER, 1911

{For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is

generally taken asastandard. Allowsix days’ difference
for every hundred miles of latitude.]

When Book-Learning Really
Helps :

Soo TIME ago there appeared, in
the ‘‘personal experience” column
of a magazine, a letter from a correspondent
who told of her discovery of a new way
to grow better-than-the-ordinary sweet
peas. Some of her seed, she said, she had
planted close to a refuse pile where coal
ashes were dumped, and the plants that
grew there became far better than any of
the others. Therefore, she advised all
readers to use —as she was going to —
coal ashes as a fertilizer for sweet peas!

Now it is, of course, impossible to say
why those particular sweet peas did so
much better than the others, without
examining the soil. Possibly the soil was
very heavy and the ashes lightened it,
improving its texture or physical condition.
At any rate it is impossible that the coal
ashes enriched the soil, chemically, for
they contain nothing in the way of plant
food. And yet, perhaps not a few of the
readers of that magazine will follow the
advice and possibly do their gardens more
harm than good.

The obvious threefold moral is this:
First, that no matter how small your
garden nor how simple your methods of
caring for it, you might just as well — in,
fact, might better — do what you can in
the right way according to proven, scientific
principles; second, the only way to do
this is to read books and learn the funda-
mental facts; and third, midwinter, when
active gardening is at its lowest ebb, when
there is plenty of time to spare, is the time
of times for reading up on all such subjects.

Don’t let that word “scientific”? scare
you; the science of agriculture and garden-
ing makes mighty good reading if you get
the right books. If you don’t know just

where to begin, write to THE GARDEN
MAaGAzIneE for suggestions as to some of
the many good books on these subjects.

If, by any chance you want to go into
it still deeper, remember the short winter
courses in agriculture, horticulture, poultry
management, etc., offered by the state
colleges. Most of these courses begin in
December, last ten or twelve weeks, and
involve but a very slight expense above
that of living.

Then there is any amount of pleasurable
and profitable information to be gained
at the expositions, meetings and shows
dealing with flowers, agriculture and similar
subjects, that are held at various times
throughout the cold weather. Watch out
for announcements of such things; then,
if it is in any way possible, attend them.

Hints About Winter Plants

‘ALL-POTTED bulbs should be brought

into the house, to the warmth that
will force them into flower, as soon as
they show good root development. Bring
them into their new conditions gradually.

If you buy azaleas, begonias, cyclamen,
potted roses, and all such flowering plants,
early — as soon as you can get them from
the florist — you can cause them to bloom
gradually and over a comparatively long
period. In this way you can arrange to
give a friend, for Christmas, a plant that
will remain beautiful for weeks instead
of one that is at the zenith of its develop-
ment when it is delivered, but which in a
few days becomes a scraggy mass of bare
stems or wilting, yellowing leaves.

But, after all, the gift plants that last
the longest and therefore give the greatest
satisfaction are the berry-bearers, such
as ardisia, Jerusalem cherry, common
red pepper, etc., and the ferns and dwarf
evergreen ornamentals, like the araucaria.

See if there isn’t some reward still left
from your last season’s garden. Get out
your notes, records and photographs;
perhaps there was a record yield or an es-
pecially beautiful effect, or some new
wrinkle that you proved the value of. All
such things make good material for little
articles for THE GARDEN MAGAZINE.

Attentions in the Greenhouse and
Conservatory

oN water the plants after noon,
unless the sun is especially bright
or the day especially hot, so that the air
will be dry before night.

Give all the ventilation possible without
lowering the temperature or causing harm-
ful drafts.

205

J) ONE DOLLAR FIFTY CENTS A YEAR
| FIFTEEN CENTS A Copy

Paint the pipes with a sulphur paste to
prevent and cure attacks of fungous
diseases.

Spraying regularly keeps down the red
spiders.

Fumigate the house with hydrocyanic
acid gas carefully if the white-fly or the
mealy bug or the aphis is very troublesome.
Half strength may be used if the plants
are tender and the insects only mildly
prevalent.

Keep the roof clear of snow, to avoid
the breakage of glass and to let in more
light; and, always, don’t let the fires go out.

Speaking of Snow —

| shovelling out paths and driveways,

don’t carefully carry all the snow out
to the middle of the street. Throw it on
the lawn, the flower beds, the low shrubs —
even on the coldframes. It is Nature’s
own blanket for protecting her plants in
freezing weather.

On the other hand, shake the snow off
the tall bushes, the evergreens and the
slender trees and branches. Several inches
of snow weighs quite a bit and, in con-
junction with a strong winter wind, is
entirely capable of breaking down sur-
prisingly large limbs.

Except when cherries are ripening, birds
are mighty good friends of the gardener.
You can keep some of these winter friends
closer and much happier by scattering
some grain in a cleared space occasionally
or by tying a piece of suet or a meaty bone
to a tree. Think of the possibilities of
this sort of ‘‘first aid” as they are described
in Mrs. Porter’s ‘‘Freckles,” and James
Lane Allen’s “‘The Kentucky Cardinai!”’

Just as contrast gives us some of our
best results in photography and drawing,
so it enhances the beauty of our gardens
in winter — if they are gardens of the right
kind. Study the combinations of snow
and evergreens, of evergreens and the
brilliantly colored twigs of some of the
dogwoods, of green vines and brick walls;
then contrast them with the harsher
outlines of leafless branches of dull brown,
and bare undraped buildings. Make notes
of all these things and plan to brighten
next winter’s landscape with some cedars,
pines, arborvite, spruces, or some other
of the many available materials.

Sometimes brief spells of warm, thawing
weather do untold damage by sending
floods of water down from the roofs on to
the cherished beds or clumps of hardy
plants. Watch out for drips from the roof.
If they can in time ‘“‘ wear away the hardest
stone,” think what they can do to a bed
of pansies!

Making One Acre Look Like Ten—By Wilhelm Miller, ¥.

A GARDEN THAT SHOWS HOW ANY AMATEUR MAY SHUT OUT THE COMMONPLACE WORLD,
BRING IN THE BEST OF THE DISTANT LANDSCAPE, AND CREATE A LITTLE PARADISE AT HOME

\ N JOULD you like to see an acre garden

that looks like ten acres?” inquired
the veteran Amos Perry, of Enfield,
England.

“Ves-sir-ee!”’ I replied, “for we Amer-
icans are full of pretence, you know. If
there is any scheme by which we can ap-
pear richer or more cultivated than we are
I want to know it.”

My guide looked at me out of the corner
of his eye. “I suspect you are joking,”
he said. “Anyhow, there is no pretence
about this. These people
are willing to bring the
best of the distant land-
scape into their daily lives
but they would scorn
trying to make their
place seem larger than
it really is.”

So saying, he drove me
to Arlington, Chase Rid-
ings, Enfield, the home of
Mr. and Mrs. L. Frampton
Paine. I shall never for-
get the wonders packed
into that small space —a
house, garage, vegetables,
fruit, croquet ground,
pond, bog garden, hardy
borders, several rock gar-
dens, a miniature land-
scape, and even a bit of
meadow —all on an acre

BS Le ee

HS Terrace

se

\* So pone

hee aad

and variety can never be had if we con-
tinue our thoughtless custom of placing
a house in the middle of a lot and far back
from the street. The only way to get
room enough for a garden on a small lot
is to place the house at the side and near
the street line. This may be objectionable
on a crowded, dusty thoroughfare, but there
can be no valid objection to it on a quiet
side street.

The second principle is the desirability
of shutting out the commonplace world.
The English-
man applies

=

ye ee POTN

this principle
even to the

Wall with
TRO Plant =

2 Rock garde
x OBR ES ae &

fruit yard; you
can see from
the diagram
how Mr. and
Mrs. Paine
have shut off
the street view
by means of
trees and
hedge, leaving
a miniature
lawn in front
which is edged
by flowers.
The English-
man does not

and a half. Subtracting
house and meadow there
is about an acre of gar-
den,and when you remem-

Rose Border

[Yast GONG PED TT OWI IBIK NTA ST
edge

Herbaceous 9

Border

Border

ber that an acre is less

Grasse

Climbing Roses
Herbaceous & Rock Plants

Walk '

than 210 feet square, so

———— SS Wer
Jd awa

great a variety hardly
seems possible. The only
way to understand it is to
study the diagram on this
page, from which it will
appear that there is even
richer variety than I have
said. And the wonder
grows when you realize
that one man has done
it all in seven years —a
busy broker who has had
the assistance of a gar-
dener about three days a
week. Also we must not
forget the services of Mrs. Paine who styles
herself “chief weeder.” Fancy a Wall
Street broker doing as much work in a
garden as this!

I would not have any one copy this, or
any other garden for no two gardens should
be like. The important thing is to grasp
the principles of design and apply them to
your own problem. The first principle
that every American should learn from
the Paine garden is that such beauty

border __
rock plants

Steps

z neriweeses and

Herbaceous

Climbin

illustrations.

Croquet Lawn

1. The lay-out of the plot. The figures correspond with the numbers of the accompanying
The arrows indicate the direction of the view

want to see the grocer’s wagon go by; he
does not like city sights, sounds and
dust.) Elis) idea vote homennismecmmunule
isolated kingdom in which peace and
beauty and greenery and flowers abound.
He likes a small house and a _ big
garden. His house is his castle and
his garden is his outdoor living-room.
Both are private. And therefore he plants
all around his place a belt of trees and tall
shrubs such as you see in Fig. 2. For

206

Meadow

Rock Garden
LA

he wants to shut out every unsightly and
commonplace object and produce an atmos-
phere that is full of poetry and sentiment.
How very different from the American
way of leaving the front yard open to the
public, and exposing even the back yard
to the public gaze! I do not ask every
American to put a wall around his front
yard, but if every American had a high
wall around his back yard I believe that
home life would be the better for it.
The third principle which I want you
to get from the Paine garden is bringing
in the offscape. It is dangerous to allow
any break in your shelter belt, because
some one may put a pig sty there, but
wherever it is safe to do so you shou.d
try to bring into your daily life the most
beautiful objects in the distance. It
pays to scour the neighborhood for a
church spire, ivy-mantled tower, lone
pine, bit of water, or serene old farmhouse,
even if they can be seen only from a single
window or a remote nook in the garden.
Fig. 2 shows how beautifully Mr. and Mrs.
Paine have brought into their garden a
glimpse of the real country, with its fields,
meadows, woods and gentle hills. The
artistic thing to do is to frame such vistas
with trees. And in a small garden broad,
panoramic vistas are not appropriate. It
is better to make many little pictures.
The big picture is not

4é> lost, for you cannot escape
it when you go away from
home. But home is on a
small scale; the garden
looks better through dia-
«¢ mond panes than big
squares; and the land-

ae scape is more alluring
| when glimpsed through
trees or beneath a vine-
clad arbor than when seen
im toto. The sweeping
view does not have your
personality in it; the
glimpses do, and they
are full of home feeling.
The fourth principle
which every one can get
from the Paine place
and apply to his own is
that the garden ought to
be an outdoor living-room
—not a place for show. Too many
American gardens are comprehended at
a glance —mere checkerboards with-
out height or sky line. The Paines
have at least five outdoor living-rooms,
each of which is hidden from the
other by a hedge, or wall of shrubbery, so
that one’s appetite for each successive
feature is quickened by contrast with the
preceding. The first outdoor living-room
is the grassy space behind the house which

a

DEcEMBER, 1911

THE

GARDEN MAGAZINE

207

2. The trees indicate boundaries without emphasizing them, and the spaces
between the trees bring the distant landscape into the garden

gives such a miniature landscape as is
shown in Fig. 2. The second outdoor liv-
jng-room is the vegetable garden, flanked
by fruits. The third living-room is the
flower garden seen in Fig. 7, a winding path
between borders of hardy perennials set
off by hedge and shrubbery. The fourth
living-room is the croquet ground, one
side of which is seen in Fig. 3. The fifth
‘living-room is the little water garden
down by the meadow where the loveliness
of mirrored rock plants is shut off from
other parts of the garden by climbing roses.
These five living-rooms appeal to five old
instincts of the human race —the desire
for food, the passion for flowers, the love
of rural landscape, honest sport, and the
charm of water.

The fifth and last principle is the necessity
of framing pictures. If this were all one
garden instead of five, with no hedges or
walls of shrubbery, the charm would be
ali gone. The hedges act as frames. And
Wherever you leave one compartment and
enter another Mr. Paine has put an arch,
e. g., in Fig. 4. Think away that arch of

4. Arches add greatly to the pictorial effect of these
gardens. Five of them are placed at entrances to gar-
dens or at the beginning of paths. Roses and larkspur

3. One side of the croquet lawn, showing how the low retaining wall is almost
hidden by the alpine flowers (pinks, etc.) which are planted in the crevices

climbing roses and the path beyond would
seem long and uninteresting. There are
five of these arches which tie all parts of
the garden together. So, too, the sky
line must not be forgotten. Many people
ruin the pictorial effect by planting straight
lines of Lombardy poplar. Such things
do not exist in nature. Consider the sky
lines of Figs. 2 and 3. How much richer
and more varied in form, texture and color
they are than the sky line of a poplar
windbreak or privet hedge! Notice also
in the plan the summer house and the
pergola — two excellent devices for secur-
ing shade and comfort and for breaking
up a large view into little ones.

Every garden has its limitations. The
present one does not produce all the fruit
and vegetables needed by the family.
There is a good deal of repetition which a
professional designer would avoid. For
example, there are two sheets of water and
half a dozen little rock gardens, and certain
flowers are likely to appear in every com-
position. The scale of operations is too
great for one man even in a climate

5. A glimpse of the miniature pond and rock garden. showing the great
variety in height and form of the surrounding rock plants

6, Another glimpse of pond and rock garden which are seen from the summer
house at the back of the dwelling. The pond is flanked by bamboos and bog

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

DECEMBER, 1911

Looking down the wriggly path, showing peonies, foxgloves, and an edging of hardy pinks.

where the twilight is long. No American
ought to have a garden like this if he
cannot afford to keep one good gardener
at work on it all the time.

In conclusion, I hope my readers will
revise whatever prejudices they may have
against croquet. It is one of the best
family games. It requires no special
dress, takes a short time, gives a parent
a chance to teach his children how to play
fair and lose gracefully, keeps the family
together at home, and if the green be

perfect, it gives a chance for a good deal
of skill. Finally, the game may have a
lovely setting. Two sides of this croquet
lawn are bounded by trimmed hedges of
privet. The other two are lined with
hardy perennial and alpine flowers. Wher-
ever the lay of the land requires a ter-
race the Englishman loves to build a “dry
wall,” z.e., one containing no mortar. He
puts a little soil in the crevices between
the stones and as each stone is laid he
puts in some alpine plants, such as pinks,

Hedge at right —

bellflowers, woolly chickweed, rock cress,
etc. These bloom year after year with
very little care, for their long roots go
back into the bank of earth where they
find an unfailing supply of moisture,
combined with perfect drainage. This de-
partment of horticulture, known as “wall
gardening,” was developed in England
during the last quarter of the nineteenth
century. America is ripe for it now and
I believe that in the next twenty-five years
wall gardening will sweep the country.

Long

Taking Care of the Vines in Winter—By W. C. McCollom, 5

WINTER KILLING OF HARDY VINES PREVENTED BY PROPER ATTENTION BEFORE REALLY HARD
WEATHER SETS IN—HOW THE FERTILITY OF SOIL AND GENERAL MANAGEMENT ARE FACTORS

HEN a vine winter-kills, there is
something wrong. Either the plant
is not hardy enough to stand our winters,
or the local conditions are not favorable.
Bad location is one of the worst enemies
of vines and often leads to winter-killing,
but there are sometimes causes that are
beyond our control. Winter-killing is no-
ticed chiefly whenever the plants are in
an exceptionally dry or an exceptionally
wet location. To prevent this, then, we
must mulch very heavily in dry locations,
and drain, in some way, places where the
water lodges in winter and spring.
We often find the winter-killing more
severe among plants that are not deep
rooters, and further, it will sometimes be

noticed that these kill back a great deal
in comparatively mild winters. This can
be explained only in one way. The
frequent changes, in the alternate freezing
and thawing, rot part of the root system,
and, with some of the roots killed, the plant
cannot support all the top. A mulch
is the only preventive of this, as it keeps the
ground in a more uniform condition, but
the mulch should not be applied until
after the ground is frozen a little.

Vines growing in a rockery, or, in fact,
any raised mound of earth, will kill very
badly sometimes. This can be attributed
to a lack of water, for being raised, the
ground, after freezing a little at the surface,
will turn off the rains and become very dry

underneath the frozen crust. Of course
plants do not require as much water when
in a dormant state as when growing, but
they do need enough to keep the roots from
withering. If supplied with this necessary
amount the plant maintains enough action
to keep the top alive. Lack of moisture
kills more vines during winter than all
other troubles combined. I would sug-
gest, as a preventive for this, giving the
plants a thorough soaking in the fall, then
covering them with a good mulch. In this
case do not wait for the ground to get
frozen, as the idea is to retain as much as
possible of the moisture already there.
The higher the mound, the heavier should
be the mulch. The same suggestion holds

DEcEMBER, 19i1

good where vines are planted about build-
ings located on terraces. The latter not
only freeze and shed water, but are often
so exposed as to be subject to the additional
drying action of the wind.

Another reason for vines winter-killing
is poor condition of the soil. Some slow-
growing plants, if planted in poor, im-
poverished soil, will kill back a great deal
in winter. In fact, it seems to be all they
can do to keep their vital roots and crown
alive. The reason for this is that the roots
can support only a limited extent of top,

and the balance must perish. On the other

hand, really tender plants, such as the
jasmines, some of the clematis family,
and some climbing roses will not kill back
as much in a light soil as they will in a
rich, heavy soil which gives rise to a lot
of top growth.

This statement may seem misleading,
but here are the facts; for vines that are
very hardy, and that never show any
signs of winter-killing, the soil cannot be
too rich; but vines that are considered
tender, especially weak-rooters, will pass
through the winter much more safely if
the soil is not so rich. The reason is,
first, that in a light soil a plant will not
make as much growth as if the soil was
heavy, but the growth will be healthy and
short jointed, and, second, the plant will
stop growing earlier in the season than a
plant which is located in heavy soil. This

extra time is utilized in ripening the wood,
and thus preparing itself for the attacks
of a heavy winters In other words, the
universal law of the survival of the fittest
produces amid the less congenial sur-
roundings, a strong ind vidual that can

The proper condition of the soil is important.
poor soil because they then have less wood to ripen late.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

better withstand the rigor of the winter
season.

Grafted plants often kill from the roots.
Is is hard to explain the reason for this,
as grafting is usually done to improve
the hardiness of a plant, but probably in
some cases the graft itself weakens and
the top slowly dies the following season.

In addition to the plants that winter-
kill because of root troubles as illustrated
above, there are some vines which kill
to the ground each winter, then start a
very vigorous growth in spring, showing
plainly that the roots are uninjured. The
Kudzu vine (Pueraria Thunbergiana) is
a good example of this class. It is com-
monly called an herbaceous vine in this
latitude, but I have found it hardy with a
little winter protection. Ordinarily, to
protect tender-wooded plants from winter-
killing, we must cover the tops in some
manner. Straw can be used for this pur-
pose, or pine or spruce boughs, cut in the
woods and stuck up against the plant.
I have also seen canvas stretched across
a vine to save it; but the best method is
to take the vine down, lay it out very
carefully, making sure that none of the
branches is bent very much and apt to
break, then cover the tops with leaves,
stable litter or soil. The number of sup-
posedly tender plants that can in this
way be grown in this north-temperate
latitude will astonish you.

With very tender plants pursue the
same method, only first cover the tops
with soil, well mounded up, so that it will
to some extent shed water. After the soil
develops a little crust of frost, apply the
mulch of leaves, letting the hardiness of

es a

Tender vines and weak rooters winter better in a rather

Give slow growers good soil however

English Ivy (Hedera Hel.x may be protected for
winter with burlap. or a blanket may be used for
the purpose. In this way its foliage will endure

the plant determine the thickness. Put
some rough stable litter on top of the
leaves to prevent them from blowing away:
do not use anything heavy for this purpose,
as it packs them too tight. After each
heavy snowfall, shake the leaves up well,
and do not, under any circumstances, let
them get caked and frozen into a solid
mass, as the frost will then surely reach
the plant, for it goes through solid matter
much more quickly than through loose
material. In this way you can winter
plants that are considered, by some people,
tropical. Such gems as the Marechal
Niel rose and the sweet-scented jasmine
(Jasminum officinale) can be grown out-
side as hardy vines; and surely either one
of these plants would pay for the labor
involved.

Plants so situated, on the south side of
a building for example, so as to be in a con-
tinual drip in winter will sometimes get
killed back. The winter-killing in this
case is quite out of the ordinary. The
drip during the day covers the vine with
water; this freezes and forms a coating
of ice on the vine which becomes very
heavy; then, perchance, the wind springs
up shaking the vine considerably, thus
causing some of the stems to crack. The
only preventive is covering the plants to
protect them from the drip; the best way
in each case being determined accord-
ing to the local conditions.

Animals often cause trouble with various
kinds of vines in winter, but not more so
with vines than with other plants. Ground-
moles will sometimes destroy the roots;

210

but it is not only
their eating of the
roots that causes
trouble, but also
the fact that they
sometimes loosen
the soil about the
roots, causing them
to dry out, and
the vine, perhaps,
to die. Whenever
you see a ground-
mole’s track, do not
fail to tread the soil
back in place.
Rabbits will some-
times eat the bark
of vines and other
plants during a very
heavy winter, when
they cannot very
well forage. This

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The very tender vines are best laid down, buried, and the roots protected by a light mulch

DECEMBER, 1911

causes the vines to
die slowly the fol-
lowing season.
There is not much
to be done to pre-
vent this beyond
wrapping the base
of the plants with
tar paper in the fall.

The Jiability to
attack from rabbits
or mice is much in-
creased by the use
of a litter around
the base. Wherever
protection of this
sort is given there
is danger of injury
from these rodents
and considerable
care must be exer-
cised.

Uncommon Vegetables Worth Growing—By J. E. Downing, “#""

INTRODUCING SOME UNUSUAL AND NEWER KINDS THAT ARE REALLY DESERVING OF BETTER AC-
QUAINTANCE IN AMATEURS’ GARDENS—SOME THAT HAVE UNUSUAL MERITS AND HAVE BEEN TRIED OUT

INE vegetables — that are really new

plants, not merely new or improved
varieties of those that are already in every-
day use — are few and far between nowa-
days and those few find it hard to gain a
trial. The public is critical, and properly
so, and the new comer to justify a trial
must show reasonable possibilities of fill-
ing some gap or of rendering some service
that our everyday vegetables do not meet.
To appeal popularly a new comer must
serve the same purpose as some older one,
but under conditions that are not favor-
able to the latter —in other words it
must act somewhat as a new variety or
new type of an older favorite.

Our National Department of Agricul-
ture has expended much effort in search-
ing the world for new edible plants that
would do just this thing and though
many have been tried but few are bidding
fair to become regular additions to our
list. There are other obstacles to overcome,
too.

“Americans taste with their eyes,”
some one has said and this appears to be
a truthful interpretation. People are
quite generally impressed with what looks
attractive and appetizing without regard
to how excellent a modest food plant may
be when properly prepared; and mere size,
will often make a stronger appeal to the
palate than intrinsic quality, seemingly.

Another reason that has a direct bearing
on the present variety of available food
plants is te be found in the ponular aver-
sion to anything which requires much
time or attention in its preparation. The
average housewife likes best to travel
along the lines of least resistance in the
kitchen and anything not on the regular

vegetable list is passed by, unless through
some recommendation it is given a trial.

The consuming public travels very much
in the same rut year after year. During
a season abroad food plants peculiar to
foreign countries may be found that are
especially agreeable. Upon returning the
tourist may inquire at home for them. A

Dasheens, for growing as a substitute for potatoes,
on land that is too wet for them

reply in the negative usually ends further
effort.

Then there are food plants that have
had their day and are now little known or
have disappeared altogether. The Orange
watermelon is an instance of a variety
which was very popular fifty years ago.
The outer rind of this could be separated
from the flesh so that the latter retained
its form as well as a peeled orange. It
made a very attractive novelty as a table
ornament and was quite generally grown,
but is not listed in any seed catalogue
to-day.

The rat-tail radish, is another plant
that is now practically unknown. It
is native to Java. The pod was the edi-
ble portion, long, slender and rat-tail in
shape. It was excellent and grown every-
where years ago, but is hardly known
to the present generation.

There is no good reason why the variety
of food plants in the United States cannot
be increased. There are a number of
excellent plants which are deserving of
wider cultivation. Some of them are
referred to now:

DASHEENS — A TROPICAL POTATO.

It is estimated that something like a
half million acres of wet land now aban-
doned along the Atlantic coast can be made
to produce a staple article of food in the |
form of dasheens, a tropical tuber very
similar to our common white potato.

It has been shown that in South Caro-
lina dasheens grow well on light wet soils
not now occupied by any culture whatever,
lying adjacent to rice fields. They can
also be grown successfully in the frostless
or even mild wintered portions of the

‘'DEcEMBER, 1911

country where there are wet lands. About
40,000 acres of such land is now entirely
abandoned in the South Atlantic States
-and between 25,000 and 50,000 acres are
semi-abandoned, i. e. cultivated once in
four years.

The composition of dasheens is inter-
mediate between the sweet potato and
the common white potato. They produce
25 per cent. starch and flour for puddings,
cakes and muffins, that can be made at
a cost of not over two cents a pound.
And while no particular attention has
been given to their culture in this country,
yet in the Orient, West Indies and South
Pacific Islands they are the staple food
product of the people.

The experiments conducted at Gough,
S. C., produced 400 bushels per acre
and a Japanese variety produced over
450 bushels per acre. These yields are
more than our common potato except
where grown under unususal conditions.
In the trucking regions near Charleston,
S. C., Norfolk, Va., and the best potato
sections of Maine, about 250 bushels is
the average.

In New York the yield is less, while
in the best districts of Colorado and Cali-
fornia it is about 400 bushels. Sweet
potatoes in the most productive regions
yield from 300 to 4oo bushels per acre.

In general dasheens are prepared and
eaten in the different ways in which the
white potatoes are. They are baked,
boiled, fried, mashed, creamed, candied
and stuffed. The same recipes employed
in preparing white or sweet potatoes may
be utilized for dasheens.

A number of people who have cooked
them at home claim that the characteris-
tic flavor of boiled chestnuts and greater
richness makes them more palatable than
potatoes.

The stalks are forced in
late winter and served like asparagus

Seakale ready for use.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

STACHYS — CHINESE ARTICHOKE

This is an excellent root plant. The
tubers grow in clusters very much as pea-
nuts do. They are white, crisp, with
a peculiar refreshing juiciness and very
palatable. Eaten raw for a luncheon on
a hot day they impart a coolness that is
both appetizing and satisfying.

A limited quantity is sometimes found
in the Eastern markets of the United
States that have been imported from
France. There is no excuse for this as
the plant grows with little attention and
can be cultivated in most every portion

The Japanese udo is considerably larger than
asparagus, for which it may be a substitute

of the country where potatoes can be
raised. They would make many friends
if more generally grown. As a novelty
they are attractive but they are also nutri-
tious.

CHINESE CABBAGE

Of all the vegetables grown by the
Chinese, their cabbages are the best. The
feature in which they excel as compared
with the cabbage grown in this country,
is ready growth. They get to market
eatly because they grow rapidly. They
are unusually attractive in appearance,
excellent in flavor, easy to digest, and free
from offensive odor in cooking. They
are splendid in soup, or stewed whole
like cauliflower, but should not be cooked

Roselle, a new jelly plant for the South, the ana-
logue of the cranberry in the North

as much as our common cabbage. If
too well cooked they become unduly soft,
whereas, if cooked a little underdone
they will retain their form intact. As
a salad or slaw they have none of the
pungent taste characteristic to our common
cabbage. Germans who reside in China
have converted them into kraut and do
not hesitate to pronounce it equal to any
made in their native country.

Experiments show the Chinese variety
to be adapted to all sections of the United
States having a climate similar to China.
Warm days and cool nights are especially
favorable to their production.

Their harvest in China is during the
month of November. There they wait
until a heavy frost has passed over them
when they are pulled out of the ground
and allowed to lie in the field for a day
or two. When the dirt has been shaken
from the roots and the loose leaves have
been removed they are ready to be packed
away for winter. If the cave or root cellar
is dry and cool they will keep until spring
is well advanced.

JAPANESE RADISHES

In the United Stated radishes are
considered only as an early summer vege-
table. In Europe they are regarded also
as a fall or early winter food. Then too,
in European countries, radishes are cooked
like turnips. This is especially true in
Germany. The Japanese radish is not
new in the United States, but it is not
generally grown. When cooked it does
not have the strong taste frequently asso-
ciated with turnips.

Chinese Rose Winter, White Spanish
and Strausburg are all of the late fall,
firm fleshed, brittle varieties that cook
well. The cultivation of any of these
could be accomplished anywhere that
radishes are now grown and just as easily.

ROSELLE — JELLY PLANT

A native of the tropics, this plant is
naturally sensitive to frost. This. together,

212

with its peculiar habit of blooming in
October regardless of the time when the
seed is planted, has restricted its culti-
vation to warm climates, but like so many
other plants which have yielded to changed
conditions would probably adapt itself
to the shorter summers of high altitudes.

Introduced several years ago into Cali-
fornia and Florida, the plant deserves
wider cultivation than it now enjoys and
should prove a valuable acquisition to
the warm climate of the Southern States.
Its cultivation is so simple and its require-
ments so few that it could be in the garden
very generally. .

The roselle is probably the only plant
in cultivation in which the part utilized
for food is the calyx. Of rather low nutri-
tive value, the thickened calyx possesses
excellent qualities for the manufacture
of jellies and allied products. Prepara-
tions made from it closely resemble in
color and flavor those made from cran-
berry, with which its season of maturity
also coincides.

A concern to which some of the jelly
was shipped replied as follows:

“We have received the ‘roselle’ jelly
and jam. The general appearance is
certainly like cranberry and we think it
would be readily marketed for use with
cooked meats. It should also make a
fine marmalade.”

One farmer in Bee County, Texas, is
growing roselle commercially, in sufficient
quantities to supply the townspeople.

In Queensland, where the culture of
the roselle in recent years has assumed fair
proportions, the fruit was utilized largely
in the manufacture of jam. In the United
States its principal use would probably
be as a substitute for cranberries.

It is not a plant that should be attempted
further north than North Carolina and
reaches its prime in Florida. It grows
from seed planted in ordinary soil with-
out special care.

UDO — A JAPANESE VEGETABLE

A cheaply grown, easily managed vege-
table for early spring, which can be grown

Tubers of dasheens, ready for use, or for storage

‘THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

in the United States from Maine to Florida,
is udo. Itis as commonly known in Japan
as celery is in America, but comes into
market ahead of the earliest asparagus.
Planted in a bed it will yield crops for
eight to ten years, producing delicate
white shoots that are very appetizing.

Unexpectedly the plant has proven hardy
and vigorous over a wide extent of country
reaching as far north as Nova Scotia, and
in New England, especially in Maine
and Connecticut ithas made remarkable
growth. At Arlington, Va., plants have
made from seed in a single year, a growth
of over six feet and a splendid root
system.

Udo differs from asparagus in that
while only the tips of asparagus are edible
the whole of the long udo shoots are tender
and stringless.

This plant was first introduced as a
vegetable in American gardens in 1902
and still has prejudices to overcome.

There are three ways to prepare udo.
First, as a soup in which the ends of the
shoots are used as celery root is and with
the same method of preparation. Second,
cooked and served with a white sauce on
toast, in the same way that asparagus
tips are cooked; and third, sliced thin
like shavings, dropped on ice and later
seasoned with French dressing.

The first attempt on a considerable
scale to grow this vegetable in America
was at Antioch, Cal. It was in the
nature of an experiment to see if it
was adapted to the muck lands of the
Sacramento Valley, upon which immense
asparagus plantations had proven success-
ful. The experiment was successful.

SEAKALE

American tourists returning from Europe
and especially England, frequently bring
back a taste for this vegetable. It is
used in England quite generally, cooked
like asparagus and served with white
sauce. The flavor is a decided bitter,
combined with the pungency of the cab-
bage family.

As the roselle grows.

DECEMBER, 191}

In growing it requires a little more atten-
tion than celery as the light must be en-
tirely excluded to properly blanch, and
unless this feature is well attended to the
flavor is impaired. It will stand covering
entirely with earth.

The limited extent to which it is used
in this country is in the form of a vege-
table novelty by those who like some-
thing a “‘little different.” Ordinarily well
established roots are considered necessary
for forcing purposes, as the vegetable is
essentially a winter crop; but as Mr.
McCollom has already told in THE GARDEN
Maca4zineE it can be had in nine months
from seed, and is grown like cabbage up
to the blanching and forcing period.

KOHLRABI

A vegetable superior to cooked turnips
is found in kohlrabi, a small quantity
of which is grown in this country. One
common mistake is in harvesting it too
old. It is best when quite tender and not —
full grown. If permitted to grow old it
becomes woody and stringy.

The vegetable has the added advan-
tage of doing fairly well in a semi-arid
country where turnips will not grow at
all as it does not require as much moisture.
It is a staple that should be added to our
present list.

SWEET GENUA — PEPPERS

Peppers are so generally eaten in
some form or other in this country
that it is strange a larger variety is
not grown.

Among the Italians peppers are much
relished raw. Peppers are used by Amer-
icans more in the form of salads and cooked
stuffed, however. Sweet genua (or, if
a more practical name could be applied,
they would be known as “‘fireless peppers!”’)
grow medium in size, scarlet in color and
can be eaten out of hand, seed and all.
They are mild in taste and once tasted
are found to be excellent. But few are
grown in this country although they are
quite popular in France.

The calyx is the useful portion of the plant

Annual “Round-up” of Gardening Achievements

A CHRISTMAS SYMPOSIUM OF EXPERIENCE BY READERS OF “‘THE GARDEN MAGAZINE”’

WHO HAVE GOTTEN BIGGER

OR EARLIER FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWERS, OR SOLVED PECULIAR PROBLEMS IN SOME CHEAPER OR BETTER WAY

Fifteen Feet of
Climbing
Roses

By SAMUEL H. CrreicH-
TON, JR., Long Island

ape accompany-

ing photograph
shows a Dorothy
Perkins climbing
rose the second
year from planting.
This rose bush cost
the small sum of
twenty-five cents
and was about two
and a half feet high
when planted. As
the soil near the
house was nothing but sand and gravel, a
large hole was made and decayed vegetable
matter was placed in it and the hole was
filled with good garden soil. The main
stems grew to a height of fifteen feet, and
at the time of pruning, the laterals were
cut back to one or two eyes. The sub-
sequent luxuriant growth, both of foliage
and flowers from the ground up, was
attributed to the treatment the bush
received.

Corn in Seventy-Five Days

By Tuomas Barr, Illinois

pens is a picture of a corn patch on the

back of a lot in Oak Park, a Chicago
suburb. The crop was grown in a summer
of unusual drought in this region, and on
soil that is mostly stiff clay—a dump
heap from the dirt taken out of a city
street.

The soil has. been worked over as much

as possible in the last three years, with a
liberal quantity of horse manure worked
in each season. When possible I have put
the manure on in the fall and turned it
under, allowing the frost and rain of winter
and early spring to do their pulverizing
work. ‘Then in the spring I have loosened
the soil with a fork, without turning it
over. »
This is Evergreen corn, planted June
14th. For over two months it did not get
a shower and [ did not water it over three
times. J kept the ground loose on top with
the hoe and the fork. The corn was ready
for the table the last week in August,
within seventy-five days from _ plant-
ing. Many of the ears, when cleaned
ready for the pot, weighed over a
pound.

I attribute ‘the result to two things —
liberal manuring the previous fall and
frequent use of the hoe in preference to
the hose during dry weather.

A Christmas Tree for the Birds
By E. F., New Jersey

Or children, having grown old enough
to try their own hands at being
Santa Claus, we:all determined last year
to have half of our fun out-of-doors, and
to arrange a small Christmas tree for our
friends, the birds. The little garden was
fast asleep under its light cover of marsh
hay, and the bright color of the small
evergreen tree which we set up brought

This Evergreen corn did wonders in a city backyard;
matured in seventy-five days

an unwonted gayety to the corner by the
wall where, a few weeks later, we would
welcome the earliest snowdrops. We hung
the branches of the tree with strings
of popcorn which we had _ popped
over our hearth fire on Christmas Eve
after the stockings had been hung in place.
Pieces of red apple were tied firmly to the
twigs of the tree, and cranberries, too,
offered a feast to the birds who we knew
were silently watching us from safe hiding
places. Around the tree we scattered
bread crumbs, and placed bird-seed in
little baskets hung on the branches. Need-
less to say, our efforts were most enthusi
astically received by our feathered friends.

Blueberries by the Bushel
By M. S. B., Connecticut

@* plants shade and nut trees for
one’s children and grandchildren; why
not berries? The berry to plant for
posterity is the common tall blueberry

213

(Vaccinium corymbosum). That it is
worth while to do so is well enough illus-
trated by the fact that a bush, moved from
the wild to a dooryard years ago, now
normally yields two bushels of blueberries
a year. This bush has the maximum
height of about ten feet. Although
the bushes are slow growers I get
around this difficulty by planting a con-
siderable number. Nine 3-foot bushes
moved last year had enough blossoms
the following spring to warrant the assump-
tion that, under cultivation, they will be
good bearers in the immediate future.
These blossoms, creamy white and bell-
shaped, would alone make the tall blueberry
worth considering as a contribution to
the home shrubbery border.

Another Giant Hollyhock
By Mrs. J. L. Wrtitams, California

N THE “round-up” of gardening
achievements in the December, 1910,
GARDEN MacazinE, I noticed the picture
of a hollyhock twelve feet high. We
happened to have one just going out of
bloom. The stalk was fourteen and a
half feet high, the flower dark«1red and
double. The plant is growing in sandy
soil and there are four shoots from the
same stalk which are five feet tall and full
of bloom. Can any one beat this?

“Y

x ti

Something like a hollyhock! Nearly fifteen feet high

214

Summer and Winter Gardening
By H. E. A., New York

OULD anything better emphasize the

actual service rendered by proper
planting than do these two photographs?
They show the same place, but at dif-
ferent seasons of the year. In the one,
a picture of foliage and bright flowers;
in the other, the chief object in the view
is the neighboring building. Obviously,
the desirable thing to do is to provide for
winter effect by planting large ever-
greens.

Already a beginning has been made
and the welcome relief given by the small
conifers conveys a suggestion of what will
be ultimately. Year by year the larger,
taller growth of the evergreens will lessen
the present winter bareness. Permanent
material grows slowly, as nursery stock
goes, and is therefore somewhat costly
in large sizes. But you will be surprised
at the growth made by some of these
so-called slow-growers if you give them
good soil and as high cultivation as you
give your vegetable garden. Many of
the pines will grow fully two feet in a sea-
son while still young, and by using the

This picture shows the beginning of a permanent effect with evergreens
which will screen the distant house in winter time

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The puff-ball fungus of the meadows is a delicious
; morsel. Ever taste it?

quicker, taller kinds in the background
and the more ornamental, picturesque

hw Pe

DECEMBER, 1911

kinds in the foreground, you can get re-
sults in a very few years.

When planting out small evergreens it
is well to intermit some of the quicker
growing deciduous trees for screen and
Shelter till the others attain a proper
size.

Are Giant Puffballs Good to Eat?

By J. E. R., New York

Pee answer to this question is easy;
all puffballs are edible. Some species
are too small to putter with. All are
inedible when they get by the creamy white
stage. Do not try to eat one that shows
the least tinge of color.

I know by the solicitous and interes-
ted posture of this lady that she knows
she has something unusually good to
surprise her family with at supper. She
will peel these puffballs and cut slices an
inch thick, about fifteen minutes before
the meal is served. She will broil the
slices and season them with pepper, salt
and butter. Next day the whole family
will wish they could knock off work at
three o’clock, and hunt puffballs for
another feast.

In summer deciduous trees are already an effective screen, but they serve
the purpose only for a few months

DECEMBER, 1911

Chestnuts in a Backyard
By Frank C. Dowp, Conn.

I HAVE a Paragon chestnut tree growing

in my backyard. This tree was
planted six or seven years ago and has
not failed to bear some fruit since the
second year. Last season we picked about
ten quarts of fine large nuts, a good pro-
portion of the burrs containing three
perfect specimens. Very few weevils were
found. I have several seedlings two years
old from this tree and next spring expect
to plant about half this season’s crop.

Amateur Rose Propagation
By Curster Wirpericu, Ontario, Canada

lee spring, when pruning my climb-

ing roses, I thought I would try
to use some of the prunings. I always
hate to throw away anything that I can
use in the garden. I had read that Rosa
Wichuraiana is propagated by cuttings of
year-old wood, out-of-doors; why not the
hybrids? Therefore, all the last year’s
branches that were pruned off were cut
in five- or six-inch lengths. They were
then inserted in rows in moist, fertile loam,
about two thirds their length. About
75 per cent. of them grew. At the time
of planting, I had a number of two-year-old
canes trimmed out, too. These had
bloomed the year previous, but were
superfluous. I cut off the branches close
to the canes and planted each one. They
varied in length from six to eighteen or
twenty inches. All these were planted
by the others, and nearly all grew. In
one season these cuttings have grown fully
as large as the average two-year-old
climbing rose when purchased. The plants
were mulched with well-rotted manure
as soon as dry weather commenced; this
was to keep the ground moist. By fall
the plants had produced canes three to
four feet long. Dorothy Perkins, Far-
quhar, Sweetheart and Lady Gay, etc.,
did well, but almost all the roses other
than the Wichuraiana hybrids, started
in this way, failed to grow. I have now a
hundred plants of the hybrids to set out
in the spring; they will be put in a row and
trained as a hedge.

Clematis on Telephone Poles

By Viota McCorm, Kansas

(@ es in early fall we admired the
effect of Clematis paniculata cover-
ing a row of telephone poles near a depot
in a Kansas town. The bare telephone
poles had always detracted from the beauty
of our grounds, so we purchased, for fifteen
cents, a one-year-old plant of clematis,
and planted it by the pole nearest the house.
After the first year this has been an attrac-
tive feature of our little flower garden.
The foliage itself is a pleasing covering for
the pole; and for several weeks in August
and September its mass of delicate white
flowers makes it exceedingly attractive.
No more satisfactory vine than the
Clematis paniculata can be selected for

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

215

Why not grow some nuts? This tree bore ten quarts six years after planting

planting in our prairie country. With little
care this vine can be made to cover any sort
of unsightly pole, and even rows of poles.

Self-sown Foxglove
By C. E. J., California

E ALLOW our foxgloves to self-sow
freely and where the young plants
spring up in a suitable location, let them
stay. The foxgloves do not deteriorate at
all and in some cases give fine variations.
Of course they do not blossom until their
second year. In a clump of the pink-
blossomed ones last spring one plant appar-

This clematis, rambling over the pole, makes the whole corner picturesque.
= ugly - corner

ently as strong and healthy as the rest
flowered without any corolla, merely the
long yellow stamens and the pistil protrud-
ing. from the short open calyx. As the
corolla is the prominent part of this flower
it gave a very peculiar effect. Not a single
corolla appeared on the whole plant, but
it did not appear to affect its fertility.
The foxglove is peculiar, in that it has
apparently two kinds of flowers often on
the same stalk. Those up and down the
stem are funnel or trumpet-shaped, while
the one at the top is a huge bowl-shaped
blossom often so extremely large that it
plits all the way around.

Vines can redeem many an

216

Roses and Nas-

turtiums
By E. W. O., No. Car.

jest year, about
the end of March
I planted seed of the
climbing nasturtium
near the roots of a
DorothyPerkins rose
which covered the
pillars and roof of
the porch. By the
last of May the rose
had ceased bloom-
ing, but the nastur-
tium vines had
climbed up among
the rose foliage, attaining a height of
several feet and were blooming profusely.

Window Boxes

Ue because window boxes are not
used to any great extent in our
houses is no reason that they are not
fitted for such use. Inside window boxes
have the same relative fitness as do the
outside window boxes in the scheme of
ornamenting house windows, but because
of improper handling they have not been
accorded the consideration due them.
This does not mean that the box that has
been out of doors, of great size and weight,
can be used indoors.

The indoor box must be small. Let it
be about four inches wide and three to
four inches deep, inside measurements.
Have it lined with zinc, with a hole in the
bottom for drainage. Let the opening
have a short drain pipe extending half an
inch from the bottom of the box, and
after watering let the superfluous water
drain through into a receptacle. A cork

can then be put in the pipe to prevent
Big plants

further dripping on the floor.

Only a small box is suitable, as the window must
not be blocked

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Pr . y

Huge cabbages like these can be had by any one who will feed the growing plants

The nasturtiums continued blooming until
a killing frost cut them down.

for Inside the House—By L. J. Doogue, x:

are out of the question; a low window
dressing of plants is the most attractive
and there are hundreds of small plants
that will answer the requirements.

Such a box filled with loam and plants
will not be heavy. To support it, if the
ledge is not sufficiently wide, screw to the
window two small pieces of flat iron, one-
half inch wide, and let the box rest on
these. If there is a possibility of the box
being knocked over, attach small hooks
at each end, or have a hole bored in each
iron support underneath the box, and on
the bottom of the box put a small screw
to fit the holes. It will be rarely found
necessary to do these things as most win-
dows are at least four inches wide.

WHAT TO PUT INTO THE BOX

I have three of these boxes in my house
with something different in each one.

In one I have the box three quarters
filled with Mesembryanthemum and a
small plant of Pandanus Veitch at one
end. The graceful habit and foliage of
the Mesembryanthemum make an unusual
and attractive decoration. It must be
watched carefully for pests. Inspection
once a week is enough to hold these in
check; a solution of tobacco water or Ivory
soap will destroy and prevent them.

In another box I have Lycopodium, the
little green plant that can be found growing
in every nook and corner in greenhouses.
Before attempting this, the box should
be filled in a greenhouse and the plants
allowed to establish themselves before be-
ing taken into the house. Or if the plants
have been grown in pots you will have
no trouble in starting them.

In the third box I have pennyroyal,
which makes a perfectly dense mass of
soft green and grows so thickly that it
pushes itself out of the box. Separating
when this happens will remedy the trouble.

In the third box I have Echeveria Hoveyi,

DEcEMBER, 1911

Giant Cabbages

By Moe Sprecet, N. Y.

AST summer I
grew two varie-

ties of late cabbage
— Danish Ballhead
and Marblehead.
From the latter vari-
ety I obtained a cab-
bage which weighed
forty-nine and a half
pounds! One of the
Danish Ballheads

_ weighed fully ten
and a half pounds.
This mammoth
growth I attributed
to two applications of nitrate of soda put
around the plants just before a rain storm.

Massa-

k

Any small plants can be used. The trailing pani-
cum makes an excellent fringe

an uncommon but most attractive plant.
The commoner kinds will perhaps do even
better than this. Of course, the soil for
these plants must be very sandy and they
require but little water.

It is not a question of any particular
kinds of plants to use as most anything
that will fit in the box will do well. The
small boxes commend themselves from
the fact that they are easily handled and
do not permit growth that will shut out
the light from the rooms.

Remember in using these boxes that the
amount of loam in them is small and that
it will dry out very quickly. In watering
do not drain off too much of the water,
particularly if the room is very warm. On
very cold nights put the curtain between
the box and the glass, or use a newspaper.

On the stone boat. Tripod used for tree six inches caliper or under.
getting second tree level by tilting and filling

Men

Ready to be moved. The front guide rope is fastened to clevis on the
stone boat, the two side ropes being held by laborers

Moving Big Trees in Winter—By W. C. McCollom

THE ADVANTAGE OF THE FROZEN BALL METHOD OF HANDLING YOUR OWN SPECI-
MENS— PROFITABLE WINTER WORK THAT CAN BE DONE IN HARD WEATHER

Vs MY experience it is easier and far
less risky to move plants of any size
right in midwinter than at any other time of
the year. As a matter of fact you can
move trees at almost any time, with care —
and there are very few weeks in the entire
year that some one doesn’t claim as the
“best” time to plant, and each one has
good practical argument to back up his
theory. If you are a good plantsman,
you can move trees at almost any time
with success; and equally, if you are
careless and do not pay strict attention to
details, you will meet with failure under
the most favorable
circumstances.

Of course, any one
with a spade can
move privet—it will
live in spite of you
mee ULE meas) Of thie
larger sized trees
which sometimes
must be moved
and which must be
moved properly or
be lost, that I would

speak.
Some move ever-
greens in August.

I do too, when I
have any moderate
sized pieces to
which I can give
the best of atten-
tion after moving.
The great drawback
with August plant-
ing is the lack of
rain during the
summer.

POINTS YOU MUST HEED

The essentials of successful planting
are simple: the roots must be disturbed
as little as possible. In winter you can
cut out the ball, any size you wish, and
then let it freeze solid, when it may be
drawn over the frozen ground more econo-
mically than in any other way. Some
claim also that by getting the entire root
system as you do in this way the tree is
better off.

I have moved trees up to sixteen inches
caliper by the midwinter balling and

This tree is being prepared for removal without a ball—all the earth is worked off the fine roots.
method reduces weight and is favored by many for large trees

217

freezing method, and I have yet to lose
one. And I can move three for what it
costs to move one by any other method.

ADVANTAGES OF THE FROZEN BALL

As the trees can be moved with as large
a ball of earth as you have time and money
to spend on them, the roots need not be
exposed at all in the frozen ball method.
Any tree for which you have a special
regard and which must be moved, can be
transplanted with certainty by this method,
provided you will take a large enough ball.

Another point which I consider a great
advantage is this:
by balling none of
the small fibrous
roots (the roots to
which a tree must
look for its liveli-
hood) are disturbed
in the least. They
are not killed by
being exposed to the
sun and winds,
which by other
methods is likely to
be the case. More-
over no matter how
much care and pre-
caution is taken,
some of the roots
are sure to be lost
and those taken can
never go back into
the ground just as
they were before.
Many of them get
cracked or twisted
and are therefore

This
rendered useless.

But by balling and freezing the roots
are left intact. Of course, it is nec-
essary to cut a few but they are such
a small percentage that it merely acts as
a root pruning and is beneficial to the
tree in most cases.

The best time to do this is in the depth
of winter — say, right after the holidays.
For the large maple trees shown in the pic-
ture, I took a 6-foot ball (the caliper or
trunk measure was about 12 inches), and
moved eight of them, did not prune at all,
and they are growing splendidly.

Another advantage of balling a tree
is that we often have occasion to move a
tree that is in a shrubbery border or close
by other shrubs, in which case it is almost
impossible to get them out by the entire
root system, but they can be moved quit
easily by balling.

When you have cut down the ball to
the size you desire, cut under the tree as
much as possible, but be very careful not
to break the ball. The best way is to
dig down the sides and the following day,
if it freezes at all that night, cut undei-

, :

}

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Once on the stone boat a great weight is easily
drawn over frozen ground

DECEMBER, 1911

neath. The freezing of the sides keeps
the ball from breaking when you cut under
it. Do not attempt to move the tree
until it is thoroughly frozen; it will become
as hard asastone. If mild weather should
follow the freezing spell, cover the bali
with litter of some kind to keep it from
thawing. If it rains place boards over
the ball to keep off the rain. With the
glass down to 20 degrees, two nights of
freezing will be enough to prepare the ball
for moving.

Have the hole all prepared to receive
the tree. Make the hole the same depth
as the height of the ball but a great deal
wider. After the hole is dug out refill it
about two thirds with the poor soil that
was taken from the bottom of the hole and
we are ready to move.

To raise the tree from its old place fasten
a rope near the top and pull the top gent.y
over first in one direction then the other,
gradually filling in the hole with soi,
under the ball as it is tilted over. In about
four hitches you can have the tree level

Really now, is it not worth while to plant some evergreen trees near your house for winter effect, let alone comfort ?

DEecEMBER, 1911

ward and shove a stone boat under it.
I have moved some trees out of holes
with jackscrews, but that was only in
cases where the specimens were exception-
ally large. It is considerably slower than
the other method.

Small trees, six inches or under, can be
pulled out with a tripod made of 4 x 4 in.
lumber. Place a heavy hook in the top
and fasten a block and fall to it with chains
around the ball. I use this method when
moving trees that are notoriously hard
movers, such as the beech or tulip, also
choice evergreens that I do not want to
run any chance of losing.

When the tree is loaded upon the
stone boat, it must be fastened so that
it will not fall off when the horses
start. To do this attach a rope near
the top and tie the other end to the
clevis in front of the stone boat. At
the same time fasten two ropes near the
top which can be used as guide ropes on
either side to keep the tree from falling
sideways. A laborer must handle these
side ropes; there is very little danger of
the tree falling over if you have placed
it properly. But it always pays to take
these precautions.

Imagine the bareness of this corner without any of these evergreens about.

THE

The ball, after it is frozen. is ready for moving
almost anywhere, and taken large enough, the tree
never knows it was moved

GARDEN MAGAZINE

219

When working with ropes around a
tree, always cover up the bark with burlap
or old bags, as it does not take long for a
rope to burn its way through the bark.

On arriving at the place where the tree
is to be planted, drive right over the hole,
untie the front rope from the clevis and
with the two side ropes tilt the tree back-
ward slightly until the stone boat is
released. Then start tilting the tree from
side to side, gradually removing the extra
soil that was placed in the hole until the
tree is down to the proper depth, when
planting can be finished in just the same
way as you would in planting a tree at any
other season. Use good soil and plenty of
manure, but do not let the manure come
in actual contact with the roots, as it
will burn before the root action is fairly
established.

BINDING THE TRUNK

it is a good plan, with trees of any size,
to straw up the trunks for the first season
after moving. This prevents the sun from
scalding and the bark from splitting, which
is often seen in maples after moving. Place
some rye straw around the trunk and bind
it on with a straw rope or heavy twine.

You can transplant such this month, with frozen balls

The National School Garden.
Association

Cae time is a good time to
tell of nice things and talk them
over. The new National School Garden
Association is the nice thing I would like
to tell you boys and girls about. A long
time ago, about twenty years it was, a
school principal in Boston had his boys
and girls make a little wild flower garden
in the school yard. That was the very
first school garden in America.
boys and girls had their own home gardens:
before this time. But schools did not:
garden then.

the United States and’up into Canada,
too, we would find a great many gardens

for children. To be sure, these gardens °

are not all connected with.schools. We’

would find some*supported and supervised |

by women’s clubs, others by civic associa~
tions, still others by’park boards and some
by business firms. Every one seems in-
terested in this work for boys and girls.
I think you can all see why. It isn’t
only that there are many, many lessons
to. be taught about the soil and the culture
of flowers and vegetables, but it’s a pretty
good piece of citizenship to make your
school yard, your own yard, and your
town look better than it ever has looked
before. This work means money in the
pocket, too.

We might say, then, that this new asso-
ciation started from that first Boston
school garden.
this new association and what has it to
do with boys and girls? Let us go back
to the start of it. A year ago last July,
when the National Educational Association
met in Boston, a number of people inter-
ested in boys’ and girls’ garden work met
together to talk over their work. They
chose a committee of five to start an
association for the promotion of this
work. If you read THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
for October, 1910, you will have known of
that meeting. This last June the second
meeting was held with the meeting of The
National Educational Association ’way
across the country from Boston in San
Francisco. The real garden association
was formed there.

Of course, :
It is quite different now. .

If you and I should take a journey over —

. Schools of San Francisco.

But, you ask, what is -

FORMATION AND HISTORY OF THE
NEW NATIONAL GARDEN ASSOCI-
ATION — REPORT OF THE FIRST
MEETING — THIS DEPARTMENT
THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE
ASSOCIATION— SOME SUGGES-
TIONS FOR CHRISTMAS GIFTS

Conducted by
ELLEN EDDY SHAW
New York

You would like a report of these meet-
ings. It is really the business of this
department to make such a report, since
THE GARDEN MAGAZINE is the organ of
the new association.

Just a printing of the programme gives
a very little idea of a meeting, but there are
certain special features which stand out
prominently and remain. One feature
of interest was this: that the meetings were
not oniy indoor discussions, but they were
outdoor ones, too. All these garden folk

wished to see real garden work and results. _
So one morning was spent in visiting..the

gardens on the campus of the University
of California and the Le Conte School
Gardens, following a visit on the previous
day to the gardens of the Sutro and Parental
The campus

gardens were somewhat depleted, having
. been drawn upon for vegetables and flowers

to supply the tabies for the luncheon given

“In Hearst Hall.

This luncheon was another point of
special interest. And here is where the
children come in. For the California
Junior Gardeners grew the vegetables
and flowers used at the luncheon. They

prepared and served the lunch for some
two hundred guests.

The menu cards

The centre of the basket should look like’ this
when completed

220

were made by the children, the souvenirs
(cornucopias filled with sweet peas) were
theirs, too, and even the music was rendered

by a children’s orchestra. It was children’s
garden day.

So often associations working with chil-
dren’s interests leave out the children.
Just here enters in the most significant
feature of all. The children themselves
are asking to come into this new garden
association. The first class to enter as a
class is one from a Los Angeles school. It

-is.an-eighth grade grammar-school class of

forty children. These children wrote
letters to their new association. The
following extracts from these letters will
be of interest to other boys and girls who
may wish to join, too:

*,“T am writing you a letter of thanks for admitting
our class into the National Garden Association.
It is a great advantage to us. We have already
a good start in our garden work. I used to feel
drowsy and sleepy but since I have been working
in the gardens I am feeling exceptionally fine.
The garden work makes our homes more beautiful.
The lawns and flowers have gotten a great start
and our homes look very much better.”

“There are about forty pupils in our class and
each pupil has a large piece of land next to the
school for his garden. Our class has nearly as
large a piece of ground as all the other rooms put
together and different pupils go out every morn-
ing and afternoon to work in their gardens. We
hope in time to have the best garden in the city.”

“Tn the city of Los Angeles we have planted
flower gardens and also vegetable gardens on a
great many of the empty lots. This not only
beautifies the city but also gives us children much
pleasure.”

“The schools of California have one great benefit
over the Eastern schools which is that we can have
a garden at school and also gardens at home, the
year round. Each pupil of our school has a plot
in the garden. We are all very proud of our gar-
dens and I think that through the class I have
learned to see much more clearly.”

“We planted a garden at school and it looked
better than the vacant lot full of weeds.”

“Our schools have a lot where each pupil can
plant what he wants. Each pupil has a plot
four feet square, except the eighth grade, which
has a plot eight feet square for each pupil.”

At one of the business meetings the
constitution was adopted and the following
officers were elected for 1912:

President, V. E. Kilpatrick, New York;
Secretary, D. J. Crosby, District of Col-
umbia; Treasurer, Ellen Eddy Shaw, New
York.

DECEMBER, 1911

Vice-Presidents: First, C. A. Stebbins,
California; second, Louise Klein Miller,
Cleveland, O.; third, Stella Nathan,
Pennsylvania; fourth, Susan B. Sipe, Wash-
ington, D. C.; fifth, S. B. McCready, Can-
ada; sixth, W. A. Baldwin, Massachusetts.

This new association will hold its next
regular meeting with the National Educa-
tional Association in July, 1912.

The following is from the president of
the association and represents his views
on the work:

“The greatest work of the School
Garden Association of America appears
to me to be most evident. It is to arouse
and to educate a public sentiment in favor
of establishing school gardens in connec-
tion with the elementary schools. At
first gardens will have to be maintained
by public subscription. Public uplift
agencies of any kind including many
forward movements of the church will
find the establishment of school gardens
a most fruitful source of endeavor.

“And when once the work is started,
it will spread and public interest will be
aroused. The next step is to prevail
upon the Board of Education in each city
or town to arrange for the public mainte-
nance of all necessary school gardens.
The only institution which is properly
equipped to carry on the permanent
education of children is the school. The
school should be enriched by the garden
just as soon as possible.

“T believe, and my experience proves it
beyond doubt, that this school garden work,
this agricultural education is fundamental.
It is not merely accessory, additional,
excellent, healthful, interesting; it is basic.

“The thing I am more than all interested
in is that school gardening shall not be
considered one of the “fads” of education.
The school needs the garden not because
it adds another study but because the
present studies are wofully mcomplete
without it. It is my firmest conviction
that the school garden movement will
spread all over our land.

VaN EvriE KILPATRICK.”

Christmas Gifts -

| [eS Christmas pages for the boys
and girls are usually given up to
pictures of gifts and the directions for
making them. This year it seemed of
greater interest to tell you the secret about
The National Garden Association’s for-
mation.

Look back in your December GarDEN
MaGazInE for two years and run over
the list of gifts we have published in these
numbers. If you haven’t the magazines
you can get them from us. I am sure you
have not made all the gifts we have suggested
before. Wicker baskets may be made in
various shapes and sizes to fit different
sized pots. Get some ferns and berries
from the woods for fern bowls. Stock
an aquarium for your small brother.
Don’t forget Chinese lilies and the bulbs
you started just for Christmas gifts.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Here are two gifts you might like to make:

These home-made wicker baskets were
worked out by Miriam Elizabeth Shaw, of
West Newton, Massachusetts. She sends
in these directions to help other girls in
their Christmas work:

“One who has a garden certainly needs
a gathering basket. To make such a
basket you must cut ten stakes of No. 5
weaver eighteen inches long. Split five of
the stakes as is shown in Fig. 1, and put
through these slits the five remaining stakes
so that it will look like Fig. 2. But be
sure to soak all weavers in warm water for
five minutes before using.

“Take a long piece of No. 1 weaver
and bend it in the middle but not so as
to break it. Put the weaver around
five of the stakes as is shown in Fig. 3,
and go all the way around the square
three times. Cut out one of the stakes and
go around three items; each time taking
two stakes instead of five, as in Fig. 4, letting
the stake left over start a new combination.
The object of this is to spread the stakes
so they will be an even distance apart.
After this has been done you take a single
strand of No. 2 weaver and go ahead with
the regular over and under weaving.

“The photograph on page 220 shows how

221

the centre of the basket looks when com-
pleted. When you have woven up to about
two inches of the ends cut them off and in-
sert pieces of No. 3 weaver eight inches long
beside the other stakes. This weaver
is to be used for the edge. To make a
more perfect edge it would be better to
use 8-inch stakes instead of a weaver. When
you do the cutting do not cut off the ends
of the four stakes beside which you are
going to insert your handle. For the
handle use two strips of No. 6 weaver
any length you wish. Insert these beside
the four stakes you left being sure they
are exactly opposite. This must be done
before you make your edge.

“To make the edge, take any stake as a
starting point and weave back of two and
in front of one. When you come to the
starting point you will find some of the
stakes have not been used, such stakes
should be woven into the pattern so as to
make the edge smooth. Cut off all pro-
truding ends. The stakes which you used
for the handle must be bound together
with No. 1 weaver winding around and
around close together so as to make it
smooth. You must also bind. together
the ends you left beside the stakes so as to
prevent the handle from slipping cut.”’

Ho ,
(Ae TAINS

These figures represent fundamental operations in basket making

(Epiror’s Note.—IVe want to know how suc-
cessful workers do things in order to put actual
experiences before our thousands of readers in all

parts of the country. Every reader is invited to con-
tribute a short note on some interesting experience.
Just state the facts about some ingenious idea that you
have actually worked out yourself or have seen.)

Wintering rehmannia

For two seasons I have tried to winter
Rehmannia angulata, var. Pink Perfection
merely for the fun of the thing, as it is
not supposed to be hardy. The first year
I managed to keep some alive until mid-
winter by using a thin covering of leaves
and corn stalks. The second year I did
better by making the covering looser.
None of the old plants survived, but half
a dozen of the offshoots came up last spring
and one of them blossomed in the face of
adverse circumstances. Not being moved,
they were overshadowed by the sturdier
growth of Lychnis Chalcedonica. These
survivors I shall try wintering in a cold-
frame. Rehmannia, by the way, is too
much neglected in the garden, where its
tall spikes of rose blossoms continue the
charm of form that the foxglove lends.
It is easily raised from seed sown early
‘indoors and, as few plants are so prolific
in the matter of offshoots, there is always
an abundance of stock by the end of sum-
mer for the coldframe, or for forcing
indoors.— A. C. A., New York.

Bamboos for stakes

I wonder how many gardeners realize
the value of a clump of tall-growing bam-
boo in some sort of out-of-the-way corner
of the garden? I cannot recommend it
as an ornament at all, but as an every-day
necessity in bush and vine training, these
poles, always at hand, in varying sizes, are
invaluable. On a new place, while waiting
for mine to grow, I buy bamboo fish poles
at five cents each. In growing stock, I
have used the heavy growths for all stakes
for roses and heavy shrubs, as they are
neat and inconspicuous, as well as endur-
ing.— E. S., California.

Heliotrope for rose bugs

This year, during the rose bug season,
I was much surprised to find that the bugs
seemed to prefer my garden heliotrope
(Valeriana officinalis) to almost any other
plant in the garden. When I went out
in the mornings the plants would be covered
with the rose bugs, while the roses and
peonies would have only a stray bug or two.
They are so easy to dispose of from the

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

heliotrope, as they have only to be shaken
off into a bucket of oil, whereas they have
to be picked off the roses one by one. Our
plan next year is to plant the garden
heliotrope in the rose garden as it will
add to the beauty of the place and also be
useful as a lure to the rose bugs.— E. F. L.,
Pennsylvania.

Weeds as a mulch

Lawn clippings are often used as a mulch
about celery and other water-loving plants:
why not use the weeds pulled from the
garden for the same purpose? I lay them
about the plants in the celery trench and

‘find I am killing two birds with one stone

—mulching the celery and getting rid of
the weeds.— V. C. W., New Hampshire.

Madonna lilies

I would like to know what makes the
Madonna lily so contrary. I have only
six bulbs in my garden and last year they
all did their duty. This past season, how-
ever, only two spikes have come up, and
they were not periect. In my neighbor’s
garden great clusters of the Madonna lily
are the chief beauty. She said she had
planted fifty bulbs and that sixty-two had
come up!—S. T. H., New York.
Rose trouble

Won’t someone in the ‘Readers’ Ex-
perience Club,” tell me what is wrong with
my Francesca Kruger rose? It is a fine
healthy bush and was covered with buds
in due time, not one of which matured.
I read somewhere that that particular
rose needed disbudding very severely, and
so cut away all the small buds, leaving
only a small proportion on each stem,
perhaps two, but that did not have the
desired effect. The buds developed into
large fine specimens, and just before open-
ing each blighted. I have dug sheep
manure about the roots several times
since the first of June. Killarney, Kaiserin
Augusta Victoria, and Etoile de Lyon,
its neighbors, bloomed most successfully.
—S. T. H., New York.
Flowers for limed soils

Certain hardy annuals and perennials
common in England are little grown in
the United States because their would-be
possessors do not understand the plants’
need for lime in the soil. If seed packets
of annual scabious, annual and perennial
centaureas, wallflowers, snapdragon, and
perennial gaillardias, were labelled ‘‘ Lime-
eaters,”’ many a garden could grow these
better than geraniums. Given lime, a well-
dug soil, and full sun, they will thrive
almost anywhere. The Madonna lily
also relishes a bit of calcium carbonate
in her diet, and the peach-leaved bell-
flower winters better for a handful of
airslaked lime thrown on each plant in
August or September and washed down.
18, Se JJa, [tern
Winter=killing

In our part of New England, last spring,
there were many complaints of “ winter-
killing.” Inasmuch as I lost only three

DECEMBER, 1911

out of more than two hundred kinds of
plants, and can trace those losses directly
to myself, I am inclined to think that winter
is not so much to blame after all. As a
matter of fact, more plants appear to me
to be killed by the two items of sheer neglect
and too much kindness than by the winter
that is so conveniently used as a “goat.”
Neglect speaks for itself, but a word about
excess of kindness. My plan is to rake
the first fall of maple leaves to the edge
of the lawn borders. For the roses I leave
a ridge of leaves for subsequent mulching;
in the case of herbaceous plants I toss the
leaves over the borders with the rake and
they fall naturally, eventually working
their way down to the ground. When the
apple leaves fall I gather them, and what-
ever else is in sight, in baskets and scatter
them by hand over all the herbaceous
borders. Later I cut off phlox, chrysan-
themum, peony and other stalks and lay
them over or around the plants, and if
there are corn stalks handy I use a few
of those also. This is all the covering
that the general run of plants gets and is
sufficient to protect the crowns.— H. A.,
Connecticut.

Hiding the garbage can

In a city backyard the garbage can is
a hard thing to keep concealed. Close
to our back steps I sunk a large, strong
barrel in the ground to within about three
inches of the top, and a board cover was
made to fit securely over it. The hole
for the barrel was made a foot deeper than
the height of the barrel, and this space
was filled in with small stone for drainage.
Several large holes wer bored in the
bottom of the barrel, so that it could be
washed out. Inside of the barrel the gar-
bage can was placed. A strong wire bail
was fastened to the handles of the can so
that it could easily be lifted out.— Mrs. S.
A. G., Minnesota

Planting in froz-n soil

Last January I received from England
a root of a fine variety of delphinium.
The root had begun to sprout, but the soil
in my garden was frozen to a depth of 12
inches. I picked out a hole, eight inches
deep, and poured into it a quantity of
scalding hot water; set in the delphinium,
and after covering, poured on more hot
water. I then covered the spot with
a thick layer of leaves. The plant has
flourished all summer in my border and ap-
pears to be strong and normal.—L. H. D.,
Massachusetts.

Shading seeds

Better than cheesecloth for partly shad-
ing seeds and young plants in a frame from
the hot sun and to get the best results, is
to spread hay very thinly over the top of
the glass sash so that there is a diffused
light in the beds. If it should be a windy
day water the hay, using a can with a
rose, and press the hay down. It will
stick to the glass. I find this better than
cheesecloth.— E. A. S. P., New York.

Some Plebeian Vegetables for
Winter Use

By ANNA Barrows, New York

“| Ese is hardly a housekeeper in the land,
however far from markets, or even if her
purse is not well-filled, who may not during the
winter months make use of all the vegetables shown
in this photograph. So long as these plebeian
vegetables are available we need not suffer, if our
pocket books are not elastic enough to provide
string beans or strawberries in January or French
artichokes or mushrooms at any time.

The bunch of parsley is not always in the market,
but a healthy root from the garden set in a flower
pot in the fall, will grow on for months — perhaps,
even to set out in the ground again in the spring.
A leaf or two at a time will serve to garnish some
dish for the table, and later the same leaves may be
chopped fine fora sauce orasoup. When parsley
is more abundant the leaves may be dried quickly,
but without heat enough to change the color, and
rubbed through a sieve and be kept on hand ready
at the moment to stir into a soup or Lyonnaise
potatoes. If the parley is plunged in boiling water
before drying, more of its color will be retained.

The cranberries may not always be with us
— but when they are abundant they may be canned
in jurs of cold water or better yet, be cooked before
canoing, ready to serve at any time.

This is the easiest way: Take half as much
sugar as cranberries and half as much water as
sugar. Cook together for a short time — until
every cranberry is burst, then can like any fruit.
These will be jellied cranberries. If a thinner
sauce is desired add a little water after the can is
opened. ‘There is no advantage in canning water.
When good cranberries are cooked a short time
in this way, the skins are not tough but become
filled with jelly, a less commonplace result than
the ordinary cranberry jelly. If cooked too long,
some of the jellying properties are destroyed.

Later in the spring the skins are dryer, and then
the berries and water may be cooked together and
strained before adding the sugar. Cook the mix-
ture ten to twenty minutes until a drop on a cold
surface will grow firm; then turn into molds.

OUSEKEEPER>

The lima beans apparently freshly shelled, in
the basket, are really dry ones which have soaked
fifteen to twenty hours. When thoroughly soaked,
then parboiled in water to which a little soda is
added, drained and cooked in water again until
tender, perhaps in the fireless cooker, they are
almost as good as if just picked from the garden.
A scanty pint of the dry beans will be a quart or
more when soaked. The dry limas are usually
higher in price than other beans, but cost only
half as much as the canned ones and taste much
better. If any are left over, they may be combined
with other vegetables for a salad or made into soup.

A sprinkle of finely chopped parsley over the
cooked beans, after they have been buttered,
ready for the table adds to their good appearance.
Or a green pepper cut fine may be used instead
of the parsley. Occasionally the beans are served
in tomato sauce.

The big yellow turnip in the background is an
excellent vegetable when well chosen and carefully
cooked. Select one of medium size rather than
the largest, pare, cut in thick slices and steam or
boil until tender. Then drain thoroughly and
mash fine, removing all tough portions and prepare
like mashed potatoes; with salt, pepper, and butter,
or a little cream.

The small white turnips, in front, may be pared,
cut in half-inch cubes, cooked in water until tender,

‘then drained and put in a white sauce.

The water in which the turnips, either yellow
or white, have been boiled should be tasted, and
if sweet and pleasant in flavor be saved for a
cream of turnip soup with any of the vegetables
left over, or combined with a potato soup.

Beets, at the other end of the line, require quite
different treatment. They should not be pared,
but cooked without breaking the skin if possible.
This takes a long time in midwinter, often several
hours. They may be sliced then and served with
melted butter to which a little vinegar and parsley
are added.

A few extra beets always should be boiled to
drop into any jar of sweet pickle vinegar from which
the fruit has been taken. Or if that is not avail-
able they may be put in a jar with weak vinegar, and
will keep thus for a long time ready to garnish a
potato salad or to serve with cold corned beef.

The carrot, even in winter, cooks in less time
than the beet, but, like that is an effective garnish.

It is usually acceptable if cut in cubes before
cooking and served in a white sauce. The water
in which it is cooked should be allowed to evapor-
ate as it contains sugar and flavor, and may be
added to the sauce. Or after the water is cooked
away, the carrot cubes may simply be buttered
and salted.

Let carrots be the vegetable one day, canned
green peas the next, and on the third day combine
what was left of the two.

Often one does not care to buy more than half a
cabbage. Even then, take out the tender centre
for a salad or the “cold slaw” and another day
boil the cabbage. Either will be better if the stalk
of the cabbage is cut short and the head set in cold
water for twenty-four hours before using.

Cook it uncovered in rapidly boiling, salted water,
to which a quarter of a teaspoonful of soda is
added. There will be little odor in the house,
and the leaves will be tender in half an hour.
Serve plain with butter the first time.

Any that is left may, for another day, be com-
bined with an equal quantity of white sauce to
which a hint of cheese is often added. ‘Then it is
all put in a dish covered with buttered crumbs and
baked until golden brown.

The parsnip, according to the country epicures,
should be left in the ground until spring, as the
frost makes it tenderer. But as they are to be
found in the markets we may use them occasionally
in winter. Steam them in their skins; then scrape,
slice across or lengthwise, and add a little butter,
salt and pepper.

To serve a second time dip in melted fat —
butter or that from bacon or sausage — and toast
on a flat pan placed under the gas flame or brown
in a frying pan. Parsnip fritters also are a luxury
where the vegetable is mashed, a beaten egg and
seasoning added, and the combination fried
brown.

The potato and the onion are likewise before us
but are so familiar that it is only necessary to
remind ourselves that alone or in combination with
each other or with almost any of the others here
mentioned, they may appear as the foundation
of a soup, a scallop, a croquette, or a salad.

Take care of your summer crops and have vegetables like these to eat during the winter

223

224

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Readers’

DECEMBER, 1911

Service

O SUPPLEMENT the magazine itself we have established the Readers’ Service, by which the whole organization of the
staff of experts, with whom the editors of the magazine are in touch, is brought right to the door of the individual

reader.

All that is necessary for the reader to do is to send an inquiry by mail, and every effort will be made to give a

complete and satisfactory answer — by return mail, if possible — or, at all events, to put the inquirer in the way of getting

the knowledge sought.

Only answers of general interest will be published here.

This special service has been of real value to many readers, as dozens of letters testify. And it is all available to every
reader of THE GARDEN MaGaAZINE upon request and without expense (although a stamped and addressed envelope for reply is
appreciated)— but, stamp or no stamp, the answer to the inquiry is sent.

Through this service each reader of THE GARDEN Macazine, therefore, has the advantage of the most expert advice that

the editors of the magazine can procure.

There are some things we cannot do.
We cannot supply plans for garden design or for garden making or for buildings — because this really requires intimate

service.

We cannot, for instance, undertake work that properly belongs to expert professional

knowledge of the special conditions and a personal inspection; nor can we make complete planting lists for individual purposes.
We are, however, in such cases ready to give references to people who we think could adequately serve the inquirer.

We are always ready, however, to answer specific questions and to make suggestions regarding garden designs or planting
plans that may be submitted to us. Address all inquiries to The Garden Magazine Readers’ Service, Garden City, Long Island, N. Y.

Protecting grape vines

Last year I laid down my grapes and covered

with soil, but some few buds died. Would it have
been better to have covered the vines with straw
or evergreen boughs and just a little soil? —S. R.L.,
New York.
— We are not at all sure that it is necessary to
bury grapes in your region except the first year
after planting. If you refer to newly planted
vines, the dying of a few buds need not cause
surprise, as this is apt to occur. If the vines are
old ones you probably buried them too deeply.
Tf it is necessary to bury them at all, probably a
light mulch or litter is all that is necessary in
your part of the world. If you use a litter you
will probably have trouble with mice; therefore,
earth is better.

Aster troubles

I have lost about five hundred out of eight

hundred aster plants. The varieties were Hender-
son’s Invincible, Semple’s, Giant Comet, Purity
and Daybreak. The plants grew well until they
began branching for blooms and even after start-
ing to bloom. They would turn yellow and the
buds blast. On pulling up the plants I found
on the roots of some a small bug; on
some absolutely no indication of any blemish.
I raised my plants in seed boxes and in trans-
planting used every precaution to put out
only strong healthy plants in ground that
was ideal and had never grown asters before.
What, if any, insecticide, will prevent or remedy
the above trouble? The season with us was
unusually damp.— C. G. M., Indiana.
— The blue aphis which you found feeding on the
tender roots of the asters was the cause of all the
trouble. This can be prevented by giving the
plants a good start, never letting them suffer a
check in growth, and by feeding well. Wood
ashes are almost a specific for the disease. Stir
a handful of ashes into the soil round each
plant, when it is set out. Just before the buds
appear, give an application of tobacco water,
prepared as follows: Put a good armful of to-
bacco stems in a water barrel or other receptacle
which can be covered tightly, pour hot water
over them until it covers the stems entirely.
Cover tightly for four or five hours, then add
double the amount of water and give this liquid
to the plants; watering around each plant, so
that all the roots get a thorough soaking. The
tobacco water should be used the same day as
made, as it quickly ferments and becomes valueless.
Pull out a plant two days later, and if there is a
blue aphis left, the liquid used was not strong
enough and you should give another watering.
When the buds have formed dissolve a quarter
of a pound of nitrate of soda in twenty gallons of
water, and give each plant one watering with the
solution. It will result in blooms of fine color
and large size. The best asters I ever raised were
planted as described above in a spent hotbed, ten
inches apart, and ten inches in the row. They
were watered copiously during the dry weather.

Renovating an old lawn

What is the best and easiest way to renovate

an old, well worn lawn, which has some bare spots.
Would chicken droppings be good and should they
be mixed with much earth? Or would stable
dressing be better? — J. H. F., Minnesota.
— If the soil is deep and the grass is making a
satisfactory growth, a top dressing of any fertilizer,
preferably bone meal and wood ashes, will be ad-
visable. Stable manure is good as a winter mulch,
it can be spread onnow. The best way to renovate
a lawn is to dig it up and double trench the soil,
carrying in an abundance of manure and reseeding.
Read “Lawns and How to Make Them,” by
Leonard Barron.

Keeping bulbs

I have 450 tulip and narcissus bulbs that I was
unable to plant in the fall. They are packed as
they came from the seedhouse. Can I plant
them before the fall of 1912, or will they keep until
that time? —T. R. W., Pennsylvania.
— The bulbs which you have purchased will be
of no use for planting outdoors in the fall of 1912.
Tf the soil is now frozen, build a fire and thaw it
out, and plant the bulbs now. If the ground is
thoroughly warmed and the bulbs well covered
after planting, they may grow next spring.

Wooden fences vs. wire ones

Why is Hall’s honeysuckle more top heavy and

short-lived on a wire fence than on a wooden fence?
I have a woven wire fence and roots all ready to
set and learn that the scheme is not good? How
far apart should the roots be set and how should
they be trained to keep the foliage as thick at the
bottom of the fence as at the top? — M. S., New
York.
— A vine growing on a woven wire fence lacks the
appearance of luxuriance because it does not grow
as tightly and wreath around the wire as it does
around a wooden fence. On a woven wire fence
plants climb quickly and only wreath themselves
at the top when they find that they cannot climb
any more. The distance apart at which plants
should be set depends on their size. They should
not be more than a foot apart if one wants a very
dense foliage for the fence. The only way to keep
the vine dense at the bottom is to cut_it back.
This is a difficult thing to do when the vines are
growing on a woven wire fence. The vines should
certainly be kept down to the lower part of the
fence the first year, and downward growth should
be encouraged at all times.

Keeping parsley from seeding

How is parsley delayed, or kept from going to
seed? — P. W., Louisiana.
— Parsley will run to seed if the plant is well
matured, the ground dry and the weather hot.
In places where difficulty is experienced in growing
parsley it is advisable to try turnip-rooted parsley,
or chervil. Probably conditions can be improved
by double trenching, heavy manuring, and heavy
watering all summer.

Growing holly from seed

How is American holly (lex opaca) grown from
seed? —S. V. H., Ohio. :
— Hollies grow best in rich, well-drained soil,
and the evergreen ones in partly shaded situations.
They are propagated by seeds, which do not
germinate until the second year. The young
seedlings should be transplanted after the second
year. If the seeds are sown at once, the seed beds
must be heavily mulched during the first summer
to prevent drying out. The young plants should
not be allowed to remain over one year in the
seed beds.

Small fruits and trucking

I want to improve a to-acre tract for the double
purpose of a country home and as a means of
earning a livelihood for a family of four. I have
in mind small fruits and trucking, since I am only
five miles from Indianapolis. Can you give me any
assistance? — W. T. H., Indiana. j
— From the location which you have I am inclined
to believe that you will get the most returns from
your land, provided it can be made suitable by the
use of drains and manure, if you devote it to the
cultivation of small fruits and garden vegetables.
In your locality you should be able to handle all
the standard vegetables. I believe that a small
area covered by coldframes and hotbeds in which
radishes and lettuce are handled as commercial
crops and in which early cabbage, tomatoes and
cucumbers can be brought forward, will prove very
advantageous. To begin with, I believe that early
potatoes; string beans, beets and tomatoes, with
an area in late cabbage, will prove the most sensible
rotation. As the demands of the market are better
understood and the capacity of the soil becomes
apparent, this system of cropping can be modified
to more fully adapt it to the market requirements.
The personal likes and dislikes of the gardener will,
to a large extent, determine his cropping system,
particularly with vegetables. It may be that a
system of cropping similar to that carried on in
the neighborhood of Cleveland, O., may be more
advantageous — that is, a system which combines
the forcing industry with one or two outdoor crops
such, for instance, as lettuce and cucumbers or
tomatoes under glass, with celery or cauliflower
in the open. The small fruits which I should place
most stress upon would be (first) strawberries and
(second) red and black raspberries, with a few
blackberries. I think it would be well to look
into the possibilities of growing asparagus on a
considerable area. This crop is usually in good
demand and is very remunerative. Just how large
an area will ultimately need to be devoted to any
one of these crops can only be determined from
experience, but with one located so near a large
city as you are there should be no difficulty about
obtaining a large supply of stable manure, and I
have no doubt but that facilities for irrigation can
be installed very cheaply. On a small area of this
kind both of these means of crop insurance should
be carefully considered.— L. C. CorBeEtt.

F t 6 li
December, 1911 ECORI ENG MUNGIAZ UN Boerne mee see 225

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What is a fair rental for a given
property? Ask the Readers’ Service

226 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

DECEMBER, 1911

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INDIAN
BOYHOOD

By Charles A. Eastmar
(‘“‘ Ohiyesa’’)

book which will preserve for future gener-

ations a true picture of the romantic life

of the first Americans. The author is a

full-blooded Sioux Indian, who spent the early

part of his life among the now passing primitive
conditions of nomadic Indian life.

OUR XMAS GIFT TO YOU
A New Book of Photographs and

Plans of Distinctive Houses

This book, “Inexpensive Homes of Individuality,”’ contains
64 pages and 108 photographs and floor plans of the most
distinctive houses of moderate cost in the country. All the
illustrations are of houses that have actually been built and are
reproductions in detail of interiors and exteriors teeming with
suggestions for the home owner or prospective builder. It
offers an exceptional opportunity of studying in detail some of
the best designed houses of the various architectural types
built today. It is artistically printed on the best stock, bound
into an art cover and sells for 25c. Wegive you this book FREE.

TO INTRODUCE HOUSE & GARDEN. The magazine
for the man or woman who wants to make the most of the
home whether there is little or much to spend. House &
Garden brings you into homes whose owners have planned
them with wonderful ingenuity and individual taste, it shows
distinctive decorative effects, portrays successful gardens and
beautiful landscape results and, best of all, tells you just how
to secure each one of these things. while a profusion of actual
photographs aid in planning the many details that insure a
home of individuality. On mention of The Garden Magazine
and receipt of 25c we will send you, postage paid. the big Christ-
mas Number of House & Garden and ‘“‘Inexpensive Homes
of Individuality” FREE.

McBride, Nast & Co.,31 East 17th Street, N.Y.

“Tt is a delightful record of primitive childhood
and the life of a vanished people. Young and old
may enjoy it, for it brings the traditions and
superstitions, the customs and habits of an aborig-
inal tribe into the cultured narrative of an
Detroit Free Press.

eloquent writer.”

““Tndian Boyhood’ stands alone in our liter-
ature as a record of much that has passed beyond
the range of human experience never to return.”

Review of Reviews.
Illustrated. Fixed Price $1.60

(postage 15c. )

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
GARDEN CITY NEW YORK

Planning for Summer

EGIN preparations this month for spring
and summer gardening. Spread manure
over the soil and spade or plow it under. The
manure will help the soil absorb the winter rains.

Spread well decayed manure over the asparagus
beds and work it into the soil with a hoe or small
plow, being careful not to dig too deep.

Soil that is to be used for growing peanuts should
be supplied with lime during this month, or the
early part of next month. Broadcast it at the
rate of 1,000 pounds to an acre and plow it under
immediately. For spreading the lime, select a
day when the wind is not blowing.

Set out cabbage plants. Do not plant them
after green crops, such as turnips, mustard, beets,
cabbage, etc., for that would be likely to produce
black rot and other diseases. Have the cabbages
follow corn, but at the same time bear in mind that
corn draws heavily on the soil and a good quantity
of manure or fertilizer is needed unless the soil is
still very rich.

White potatoes should be planted now in the
lower South, along the Gulf. Also plant tuberoses
and gladiolus bulbs in that section.

Sow seed of sweet peas and garden peas. The
former should have been sown a month ago, but
if you forget to do it plant the seed now rather
than waiting until spring. Both sweet and garden
peas will stand a remarkable amount of cold, for
the plants are hardier when young than they are
when in bloom.

Build a hotbed, and sow seeds of eggplant, tomato,
and pepper.

Hardy roses may be planted. Order the plants
direct from a reliable nurseryman and not through

In your rose garden plan to have varieties that
will give a succession of bloom all summer

an agent, so that the roots may be out of the ground
as short a time as possible. When buying from
an agent one cannot determine just how long the
plants have been out of the soil.

Georgia. THomaAsS J. STEED.

DEcEMBER, 1911

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Use KEROSENE

Engine FREE!

Amazing ‘‘DETROIT” Kerosene Engine
shipped on 15 days’ FREE Trial, proves kero-
sene cheapest, safest, most powerful fuel. If
satisfied, pay lowest price ever given on reli-
able farm engine; if not, pay nothing.

Gasoline Going Up!

Automobile owners are burning up so
much gasoline that the world’s supply
is running short. Gasoline is 9c to rsc
higher than coal oil. Still going up.
Two pints of coal oil do work of three ,
pints gasoline. No waste, no evapora- ™
tion, no explosion from coal oil. Cylinders cannot carbonize

Amazing “DETROIT”

The ‘DETROIT ” is the only engine that handles coal oil suc-
cessfully ; uses alcohol, gasoline and benzine, too. Starts without cranking.
Basic patent — only three moving parts — no cams— no sprockets — no gears
—no valves —the utmost in simplicity, power and strength. Mounted on
skids. All sizes, 2 to 20 h. p., in stock ready to ship. Complete enyine
tested just before crating. Comes all ready to run. Pumps, saws threshes,
churns, separates milk, yrin‘ls feed, shells corn, runs home electric-lizhtin-s
plant, Prices (stripped) %29.50 up. Sent any place on 15 days’ Free
Trial. Don’t buy an engine till you investigate amazing, money-saving,
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Detroit Engine Works, 229 Bellevue Ave., Detroit, Mich.

PPR SE S ies ee a ee
Let “WAGNER” Plan Your
Next Year’s Garden NOW |!

—_———__——.

MO .

Your “place” may be but a bit of suburban yard yet
Wagner Landscape Service will enable you to make it a
picture of taste and beauty. Nowis the time to plan next
summer's effects. Wagner Nurseries offer the finest of
shrubs, plants, vines, roses, etc., and our Landscape De-
partment is invaluable in advising you as to their most
effectivedisposition. Write forthe Wagnerbook, “Plants and
Plans for Beautiful Surroundings’, and our‘‘Service’ offer.

Wagner Park Nurseries
Florists, Nurserymen, Landscape Gardeners
Box 639 SIDNEY, OHIO

Landscape Gardening

A course for Home-makers and
Gardeners taught by Prof. Craig
and Prof. Beal, of Cornell Uni-
versity.

Gardeners who understand up-to-

date methods and practice are in
demand for the best positions.

A knowledge of Landscape Gar-
dening is indispensable to those
who would have the pleasantest

Pror. Crate homes.
250 page catalogue free. Write today.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G, Springfield, Mass. :

GEORGE H. PETERSON
ROSE AND PEONY SPECIALIST
Box 50. _ FAIR LAWN, N. J.

Model Extension
Carnation Support
aio Endorsed by all the leading

growers of the country as the best
support for carnations made.

Over 3,000,000 in Use
Price 50c per doz., $3.50 per 100

Send for price list and catalogue
of other garden specialties

IGOE BROTHERS |

f 67-71 Metropolitan Ave., Brooklyn, N.Y.

OT just enough for one vase, but

| \ dozens of big spicy blooms —a

plenty for every room in the

house and some besides for your friends
— especially those who are invalids.

In one plot carnations —in another
roses —and then come plots each for
sweet peas, stocks, canterbury bells,
snap dragons, and mayhap nastur-
tiums climbing up the columns. Not
simply flowers, mind you, but your
favorite flowers — flowers grown in your
own glass enclosed garden.

All of which you say sounds very
alluring — but!

In answer to which let us ask you a
question: have you ever written us or
talked with any of us about a green-
house for your particular pocketbook?

New York Boston
St. James Bldg. Tremont Bldg.

Plant for Immediate Effect

For information regarding railroad and steam-
ship lines, write to the Readers’ Service

It’s Worth All It Costs
—and More—to Have
Greenhouses Like
These Where YouCan
Pick Armfuls of Car-
nations all the Year

Franklin Bank Bldg.

Then how do you know you can’t
afford one? Are you one of those who
hang on tenaciously to the impression
that greenhouses are a decided luxury
and only to be possessed by the very
wealthy?

For just such we have prepared
a catalog —100 pages—that starts
with the simplest, most inexpensive
greenhouse and then gradually leads
up to the largest ranges of houses.
There is one among the lot that we
feel sure will suit you. Let us know
which one and we will promptly write
you its cost and such other informa-
tion as you may desire.

Send for the catalog. It’s at least
worth it to know that after all you
can have a greenhouse of your own.

Lord & Burnham Company

Vl
Factories : IZVINGTON, N.Y.

DES PLAINES, ILL.

Philadelphia Chicago
Rookery Bldg.

Not for Future Generations

Start with the largest stock that can be secured !

It takes over twenty

years to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.

give an immediate effect.

We do the long waiting —thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that
Price List Now Ready.

CHESTNUT HILL,

ANDORRA NURSERIES & opaitapelenia’ Pa.

WM. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

227

The Readers’ Service will aid you
in planning your vacation trip

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

DECEMBER, 1911

For Universal Service

The Press and the Bell System

The power of the individual writer is
multiplied by the printing press. In the
same way the power of the individual
telephone is multiplied by the Bell system.
In both cases, increased usefulness comes
from progress towards universal service.

By means of the press the knowledge
and thoughts of writers are spread
throughout the land, maintaining among
all the people the common language and
the mutual understanding which makes
for national co-operation.

By means of the Bell system, each
individual telephone becomes connectable

with every other telephone and each
unit in the nation is given a personal
membership in the most highly developed
system of communication that the world
has ever seen.

The press prepares people for co-opera-
tion; the Bell telephone system enables
them to really co-operate. The press
educates people separately; the telephone
enables them to act upon their mutual
knowledge immediately and at any
distance.

By co-operation with telegraph and
cable systems, universal service for com-
munication is being made international.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

One Policy

Cne System

Universal Service

**Reeco”’ Water Supply System
Backed by 70 years’ Reputation

An Ancient Garden City

ID you ever hear of a town that has been

famed for the quality of its vegetables
since St. Bonifacius first wrote Pope Zacharias
about it in 742 A. D.; a town that has brought
forth more new varieties of vegetables and flowers
of merit than any other on earth; a town which
to this day is famous as the gardening centre of
Europe? Erfurt, Germany, a thriving city in the
Thuringian Mountains, claims these unique dis-
tinctions.

Historians agree that the place mentioned in
Caesar’s “De Bello Gallicc” as the Hercynian
forest is the spot now occupied by the City of
Erfurt. At that time swamps covered that sec-
tion of Germania and only after many centuries
of diligent labor, much of it done by monks of the
cloister established by St. Bonifacius, the land
became drained and proved of seemingly inexhaust-
ible fertility. The original drainage canal is found
to-day in the Gera River, which is remarkable for
its characteristic winding course. It was led to
wherever there was a surplus of moisture and only
in recent years have the city authorities attempted
to curb its irregular way by eliminating side
streams and straightening the main bed.

The arrival of the Benedictine monks in the
ninth century, whose orders contain the regulation
to devote time to gardening and farming, gave
still further stimulus to Erfurt’s development as a
garden city. Throughout the middle ages we
find historians comment on the fertility of the
“Geradale.” Inthe tenth century monks brought
with them from the Rhine the grape and a thrifty
industry developed, about which was issued the
first historical gardening document, dated A. D.
1S.

Beginning with the seventeenth century, Er-
furt has exported some of its horticultural seed
products which, at that time, were mainly herbs,
poppy, radish, beet, and beans.

DISCOVERY OF THE ‘‘DREITIENBRUNNEN”

The real beginning of Erfurt as a gardening city
dates from the fifteenth century, when the dean of
Erfurt’s university realized the tremendous fer-
tility of the lowlands southwest of Erfurt, known
as the Dreienbrunnen, so called after three springs
which kept this land continually under water
for lack of proper drainage. In 1665, a gardener
named Hartzen rented portions of this land, drained
them, and produced in the drainage canals for
the first time on a commercial scale the abundantly
growing wild watercress. From that day, Dreien-
brunnen water cress became famed far beyond the
German borders, and the production and selling
of watercress is one of Erfurt’s thriving industries
to this day. Carloads of it are shipped throughout
the season, which extends through the greater part
of the winter, as the warm springs, which feed the
canals, never freeze. Cress is tied in wreaths about
ten inches in diameter, in which shape it is offered
on the market.

THE WORLD’S FIRST BURBANK

In 1685, Erfurt gave birth to its first gardening
genius, a man who became known beyond the
boundaries of Germany, and whose name is rever-
enced by every thinking German gardener. Chris-
tian Reichart has been called the father of German
gardening. His books on the subject are master-
pieces and his true insight into the very heart of
things, together with visionary ability, make them
gold mines to the student of gardening. To him
we are indebted for the first authentic information
regarding seed selection, and his treatise on the
valuable characteristics of certain important
vegetables is considered to-day one of the best
books ever written on the subject.

Nearly 50,000 “‘Reeco” Rider and “‘Reeco” Ericsson Hot Air
Pumps are now in operation.

Some of these have been in constant use for25 yearswithout @
any important repairs.

The “‘Reeco” system is the most efficient, most dependable
and safest made. No noise; no complicated parts—no gasoline
with its attendant dangers. So simple a child can operate it.

The ‘‘Reeco”’ system delivers water, fresh and clean to all
parts of house, barnand garden. Ample fire protection.

Write for descriptive catalog U to nearest office.

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.

New York Boston Philudelphia Montreal, P. Q. Sydney, Australia
Also Makers of the “Reeco” Electric Pumps

Under Reichart’s intelligent direction the Drei-
enbrunnen became a regular goldmine. Drainage
canals were run regular distances apart through
the district which covers nearly two hundred and
fifty acres. These canals were connected by feeders.
Between the feeders, beds were built on which
were raised vegetables of all kinds. By means of
long, scoop-like shovels, the water of these feeders
was used to irrigate the beds between. The
feeders containing watercress are nearly three
times as wide as those used for irrigation only.
The warm water of the three springs, together

DecemMBerR, 1911 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 229

The Fruit and Garden Club

From time to time some of the readers of The Garden Magazine ask us to suggest something that would supplement The Garden Mag-
azine, devoting considerably more attention to intensive fruit culture. It is also true that nearly everyone who works at a garden is also
interested in some phases of fruit growing. After considering all the bearings we believe that we have a suitable supplement in The Fruit-
Grower. We have, therefore, made arrangements with the publishers of The Fruit-Grower and are able to make you this unusual proposition.

The Garden Magazine for 1912 will continue to be the one invaluable monthly During the year many special numbers appear. This partial list of them is sure
guide for every amateur who really loves his garden. to appeal to you. ‘‘ The Orchard Heating Number,’’ “‘ Small Fruits Number,’’
The Fruit-Grower is an illustrated monthly publication dealing almost ex- | ‘‘ Fruit Market Number,” ‘Spraying Number.’’ Other issues of equally striking
clusively with fruit culture. Every issue contains a wealth of valuable informa- | interest will appear as the season advances. The Fruit-Grower is the final
tion which no fruit man can afford to miss. authority among the progressive fruit growers, both large and small, of the country.

The magazine is ably edited and every phase of the fruit growing industry | It helps them and it surely can be of similar help to you,
is covered broadly, intensively and practically.

The Garden Magazine :
Regular Price

Garden Profits $4.50
The Fruit-Grower Our ee See
When e CuGuile Book yee

If your subscription has expired, take advantage of this offer and renew for | so sendin yourorder at once. Send remittance of $2.00, either currency or money order
another year. Even if your subscription is paid in advance, it will be worth | and thetwo books will be mailed immediately, and you will receive The Fruit-Grower
your while to send $2.00 and secure this great bargain. and The Garden Magazine for a year —a $4.50 value —for only $2.00. It is a con-

This special ‘‘ Fruit and Garden Club ”’ offer will hold good for a short time only, | dition of this offer that you send the names of three friends interested in gardening.

Garden Profits The Fruit-Grower’s

“‘Garden Profits’’ is a cloth os. Guide Book
was ee

ed ae a te : Ww The Fruit-Grower’s Guide Book
book. It is without question Be ee tances . Nombe- ee ase i Mere ee

the most up-to-date and prac- oe nee Ed (ge : practical, up-to-the-minute
tical gardening book pub- reference book for the commercial
lished. Its contents are the orchardist, the home gardener,
best of a thousand garden or the student. It is handsomely
successes brought together ee aig wna
a eke bound in cloth, and contains
simple terms and systema- pees 2 Byes
tized for your ready use. It 300 pages. e
contains many illustrations most up-to-date, handy ref-
and scores of plans and erence book e cee
planting tables which ever sis pena
point the way to es : : ee ce
ae ; Ry ces & 4 | Ne \ fe Bae ay 6of §6fruit cul-
omies of time, j : i : : 3

work and money.
“Garden Profits’’
can be purchased
only in combina-
tion with The Gar-
den Magazine and
cannot be _ pur-
chased through the
book trade.

cronrR

ture. Thou-
sands of copies
of this book
have been sold
at the regular
price, $1.00.

CUT OUT THIS COUPON AND MAIL TO DAY
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., Garden City, N. Y.

GENTLEMEN: — Enclosed find $2.00 and the names of three friends interested in fruit growing and
gardening, for which you are to send me two cloth bound books, The Fruit Grower’s Guide Book
and Garden Profits, also The Fruit-Grower and“The Garden Magazine to my address for one year.

ecleecvccecceeeenesecrccossrnsccesesncesee NPY oseneccicscceece

What is a fair rental for a given
property? Ask the Readers’ Service

7
lL LLNS
\ 11] ae
1. «EN YESS
NS a aN |

SPRAY
THOROUGHLY

Thorough spraying is a crop insur-
ance of the strongest kind, but you cannot
spray thoroughly unless you use

GOULDS

, RELIABLE

it

PRAYERS

They are better known, more widely
fused, and in greater demand than any other
line — because, correct
design, perfect material
and expert workman-
ship — backed by
more than 62 years of
exclusive Pump mak-
ing experience —are
represented in each
Sprayer
we sell.

Every Fruit Grower
should send for our
Booklet—

“*How to Spray—
When to Spray
What Sprayers to
Use’’

Tt goes into the subject
of sprayers and spraying
mixtures very thorough.
ly. We’ll be glad to mail
it to you upon request.

THE GOULDS M’F'G. CO.

AS
AS
~
N
NS
s
N
N
~
~
“
S
X
~
~“
~
S

N 82 W.Fall St.SenecaFalls,N.Y. - =|
N ‘We make all kinds of hand and O)}terit
power pumps for farm use, i gg
PY
YI
j\
= Aa We Aa
a )) - Va
AA \"')
<a

WE GROW PEONIES
— NOTHING ELSE

Mohican Peony Gardens, Box 300, Sinking Spring, Pa.

The Ideal Home Country

lies in the wide territory traversed by the Southern Ry. System. From
the high landr of the Appalachians, with their dry, healthful climale,to
the Piedmont section, with its heavy yielding lands, ontothe Atlantic
and Gult coasts, where every crop thrives—somewhere in this broad
territory you can find a place just suited to your needs and means.

Land prices range from $15 to $50 per acre.
The first year’s crop often more than returns the purchase price.

All grasses, grains, fruits and vegetables known to the temperate zone
thrive in the Southeast. Alfalfa grows nearly everywhere—4 to 6tons jj
per acre not uncommon—$15 to $22 per ton paid locally. Apple
orchards net $100 to $500 an acre. Truck gardening yields $200
to $400 per acre—everything else in proportion

The Southeast is the farmer’s paradise

We have booklets giving full information of conditions in each
Southeastern State. Address
M. V. RICHARDS, Land & Industrial Agent ]
Southern Railway, Room 43, Washington, D. C.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

DECEMBER, 1911

with the unlimited fertility of this former swamp,
produced early vegetables of hitherto unknown
quality.

Foremost among these is the now famous Dwarf
Erfurt cauliflower which is the parent stock of
nearly all other strains of this vegetable. Inten-
sive gardening became the order in the Dreien-
brunnen fields. Kohlrabi, cabbage and celery
were grown between the rows of cauliflower.
Cucumbers, spinach, radishes and herbs were
cultivated as “between season” crops. Unde:
Reichart’s methods, a clear profit of four to five
hundred dollars per acre became the rule among
Dreienbrunnen gardeners during the latter part of
the last century.

Reichart was, and is, the feremost apostle of
the gospel of efficiency as applied to gardening
that Germany has produced. That German gar-
deners are most efficient, must be credited to
Reichart. His preachings have survived the de-
cades and are more appreciated as we learn the
necessity of intelligent and concentrated efforts.
Reichart was the first man to figure out a schedule

The world’s oldest seed gardens are in the Drei-

enbrunnen Fields, near Erfurt. Germany. The
irrigating ditches are prominent in the picture

of crop rotation, covering a period of eighteen
years. The strict adherence to the principles thus
laid down is responsible for the fact that the
Dreienbrunnen fields, after centuries of cultivation,
are still as fertile as they were the day the land was
drained.

Few vegetables are now grown for market
purposes on the Dreienbrunnen fields. Cauli-
flower and other vegetables are grown for the seeds:
which are worth from $10 to $30 per pound. The
unusual fertility of the soil, the early maturity of
the vegetables on account of irrigation with water
from warm springs, the protected situation of the
territory and the intelligent human effort behind
it all, combine to give these strains of vegetable
seeds unusual qualities.

So started that industry which was destined to

put Erfurt on the map of the world. The end of .

the eighteenth century saw the issuing of the
world’s first seed catalog by one of Erfurt’s pro-
gressive gardeners. Soon, the discovery was made
that flowers did as well in fields surrounding the
Dreienbrunnen, as vegetables did within that
limited area. As the result, thousands of acres have
since been annexed, all devoted to the production
of Erfurt vegetables and flower seeds. Tons and
tons of them are now exported to all parts of the
world.

Ohio. ADOLPH KRUHM.

Wonderful New England Asters

vou can’t sav that Americans are wholly blind
to the horticultural-vaiue of wild flowers. In a
Rochester nursery we once saw. on September arst,
a mass of New Engiand asters afteen feet square
covered with thousands of purpie flowers, each an
inch and a half across ‘%t was an exhilarating
sight. |

New York. W.M. [

RARE AND LOVELY TREES
GRACE gf

HE HOMES YOU
REMEMBER LONGEST

You never tire of a
magnificent Elm; a
Maidenhair(seeillus-
tration) doing senti-
nel duty 3ieng the
walk <. arive; or a
Magnolia, lovely at
all seasons with its
flowers, foliage and
fruits—yet these
treesare hardyevery-
where and are just as
valuable for their
shade as others that
lack individuality.

We grow Deciduous Trees of
all leading kinds—the perfectly
hardy ones as well as those
which can be planted only in
the south. Wee them with
exceeding care— producing rugged, quick-growing indi-
viduals which are in the end the cheapest you can buy.

Get Our Catalogue—It Contains

Valuable Tree-information

It lists worthy trees not generally offered; it describes
them in the words of the experienced tree-lover; its illus-
trations show them in home grounds, along streets,
etc. Wherever you live, and whatever you expect to
plant, you need this book. A request will bring it free.

P. J. BERCKMANS CO,, Inc.,
Fruitland Narseries, Box 1070B, Augusta, Ga.
Landscape Department, 207 Terminal Building

The «Able Bodied ae

SHARPLES|

Tubular Cream Separator

Two farm ‘‘hands’’ ask you for a place. One
is able bodied. The other uses a crutch. Which
will you hire ?

Two kinds of cream separators
are looking for a place on your
farm. One isthe “ able bodied ”
Dairy Tubular, built on a mo
ern, patented principle, with
twice the skimming force of
others, and free from disks.

The others are built on an old
style principle—they lack skim-

ming force—they must use a
J crutch in the shape of disks or

other contraptions. EYs)
Which kind for you?
The “‘able bodied’’ Tubular, of ( Yrs
course. Write for catalogue 215.

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.

WEST CHESTER, PA.
Chicago, Til. San Francisco, Cal.
Toronto, Can.

Portland, Ore.
Win: ipeg, Can.

A Mess
of fresh

at all seasons

M ushroo ms Growing in your Cellar

j 40 cts in postage stamps together with the name of your
* dealer will bring you, postpaid, direct from the
Mg, manufacturer, a fresh sample brick of

Lambert's Pure Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN

the best high-grade spawn in the market, together with large illustrated book
on Musiroom Culture, containing simple and practical methods of raising,
preserving and cooking mushrooms. Not more than one sample brick will
be sent to the same party. Further orders must come through your dealer.

Address: American Spawn Co., Dept. 2, St. Paul, Minn.

‘4 Plants by the dozen or by the million. |.
@ 120 acres planted in 103 varicties. Al J \
the standards and the most promising off)
the new ones, Largest grower in
America. Every plant true to name.
% Also Raspberry, Blackberry, Gooseberry
and Currant Plants, Grape Vines, Cali-
fornia Privet and other Shrubbery.
y4 Cultural directions with each ship- (MN
ment, Beautiful Catalogue FREE. Sena Vi)
la postal today. My personal guarantee
jback of every sale.

W.F. ALLEN N
54 Market Street, Salisbury, Md. M¥7

DEcEMBER, 1911

The Christmas rose (Helleborus niger), the flower that blooms in the snow

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Ho! All Ye Garden Lovers!
Here’s Good News!!

UMMER with its wonderful growth has
passed; the season of ripening and of
harvest is ended ; the awakening of spring

is still a long way off. For many weeks the
earth will lie sleeping, like the woodchuck and
the bear, and the garden will be a place of
desolation.

But for true garden lovers winter need not
be a joyless time. You can make your own
summer in the greenhouse and 1n your sunny win-

dow, while even out-of-doors there is a certain sort of gardening you may do and much pleasure still to be had.

Of course, you know all this, but perhaps we can suggest new ways and means.

Winter-time gar-

dening offers less opportunity for variety than gardening in summer; but there are many winter joys
that garden enthusiasts have discovered, and these we want to tell you about in

THE WINTER GARDENING NUMBER

-ountry Life
in America

OUT DECEMBER 15th

The number will include the following illustrated articles:

Landscape Gardening under Glass. By THomas McApam. Describing
some wonderful effects that have been produced under glass at Garfield
Park, Chicago, which can be adapted, on a smaller scale, to private green-
houses and conservatories.

Trees in the Snow. Being a collection of art photographs showing the
winter aspect of both evergreen and deciduous trees.

A Home-Made Winter Garden. By CHARLES T. WHITEFIELD. A small
conservatory, opening from a living-room, that is like a bit of spring
garden all winter.

My Garden in the Snow. By Harriet Joor. Being a charming essay
descriptive of the unique grace of our common weeds in their winter garb.

Winter Window Plants that Any One Can Grow. By PARKER
THAYER BARNES, author of “House Plants and How to Grow Them.”
Explaining how to get the most satisfaction from an indoor window gar-
den with the least trouble.

Forcing Vines for Winter Use Indoors. By W.C. McCottom, author of
“Vines and How to Grow Them.” Being a careful study of the needs of those
vines which may be grown successfully in the window or the greenhouse.

A Greenhouse that Any One Can Make. By E. J. Grskre. Giving
plans and specifications of a small, home-made greenhouse that has
proved successful.

The Shrubs with Brightly Colored Twigs. By WirHerm MiIrrer.
Describing some of the park effects at Rochester, N. Y., and classifying a
group of shrubs that will help the evergreens to make our home grounds
cheery all winter.

How to Have Fresh Vegetables all Winter. By E. L. D. Srymour,
author of “Garden Profits.” Enumerating the vegetables which may be
successfully grown under glass, and giving directions for their culture.

The Departments. The New Sport of Flying, The Automobile, Power
Yachting, Garden and Grounds, Gardening under Glass, Stable and Kennel.

25 Cents a Copy at the News Stands.’

COMING!

January 1st—THE MOTOR NUMBER
February 15th—THE GARDEN MANUAL
March 15th —THE SPRING BUILDING NUMBER

Now for some mathematics.

If you bought our Christmas Annual at a news stand you paid so
cents for it. The Garden Manual will also be a double number — 50
cents. We publish three 50-cent numbers each year; the other num-
bers cost 25 cents each. Country Lire IN America is published twice
a month and costs $4 for a year’s subscription, or an average of 16%
cents per copy. The average news stand price is 28 cents per copy.
Why not have the magazine sent to you regularly and save 11%
cents on every copy?

But we can do even better than that. We have combination
arrangements with other magazines that will reduce the cost of this

expensive magazine to about the price of your Sunday paper. We
will send full particulars on request.

Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y.

231

For information about popular resorts
write to the Reader’s Service

232

LANTERNS2——
py ae

There is no needless delay
about putting the horses up
for the night and getting into
your own comfortable home
when the work is lighted—

and lightened—by a Rayo
lantern. Rayo lanterns give
such a strong, steady light
you can put your hand on
what you want in a second.

Rayo lanterns are the best
and brightest on the market.

Made in all kinds of styles
and sizes, to suit any use.

Finest material and workman-
ship; most light for
the oil consumed;
will not blow out.

All Rayo lanterns are
equipped with selected Rayo
globes, clear, red or green,
as desired. Wicks inserted
in burners, ready to light.

Dealers everywhere; or
write for descriptive circular
direct to any agency of the

(Incorporated)

AN IDEAL XMAS GIFT

Give him THE PERFECT SAFETY RAZOR—a razor that is
actually worth $5.00—yet you can buy it complete for one
dollar because its construction is so simple, and we are satis-
fied with a small profit. Remember

You Can’t Cut a Tough Beard With a Trade Mark
| The workmanship of THE PERFECT SAFETY RAZOR is

faultless; blades are finely tempered and ground to “hair-
§ splitting” keenness. All parts are highly silver plated.

THE PERFECT SAFETY RAZOR |

is made to shave. It conforms to the face; is adjusted to §

“Close” or “Regular” shave. Put up in fine leatherette case.
Postpaid, One Dollar. Ifyou pay more you are buying a

name. Satisfaction guaranteed or money cheerfully refunded.

THE VAN BUREN COMPANY
7172 Kendig Place Hempstead, N. Y.

| SAVE:TIME AND MAKE
MONEY WITH THIS SPRAYER

Use it to spray fruit trees; get better crops. and so
make money; whitewash and disinfect sta- _
bles, ete. Many other practical uses for s

Deming
CENTURY SPRAYER
Brass working parts, good agitator;
durable valves; high pressure. Ask

dealer, or write for catalogue.
The Deming Co., 320 Success Bldg., Salem,0-

THE GARDEN

The Merits of Nordmann’s Fir

Al igor is one of the handsomest cone-bearing
trees for ornamental planting ever intro-
duced. It is native to the mountains south and
southeast of the Black Sea and southern spurs of
the Caucasus. This tree was discovered in the

mountains of the Crimea by Professor Nordmann,
of Odessa, after whom it is named. It was intro-
duced into England in 1848, and was brought into
this country a few years later. Unfortunately,
however, this fir has not been planted very ex-
tensively in America as an ornamental tree,
although it is very hardy and is one of the most
desirable firs for the northern states. It is not
only unquestionably hardy but it is one of those
evergreen coniferous trees which does well in al-
most every location where it is planted. It is
rather slow growing though healthy and moderately
successful upon all soils throughout the northern
states. Usually Nordmann’s fir does not begin
its annual growth until May or June when it pushes
rapidly upward and completes its growth in about
eight weeks.

It is a fine tree, a compact grower, well-defined
and in the form of a narrow pyramid. Many of
the specimens show a peculiar but attractive shade
of light blue on the new growth, resembling the
darker blue tint of our own western firs. , The color
of the mature leaves, however, is very dark green,
which is not affected by the soil in which the tree is
planted. This species forms a contrast with our

A Nordmann fir tree, twenty-two feet high and |

about twenty-four years old

native blue varieties of white fir (Abzes concolor).
The foliage is somewhat softer and the tree more
erect than that of any other species. Indeed, this
tree has a closer resemblance to lovely fir (Abies
amabilis) and noble fir (Abies nobilis) than to the
three more closely allied species, Abies Cephalon-
1¢a, appolinis, and Cilicica, with which it associates
in its native habitat.

With the single exception of the blue forms of
Abies concolor from the Rocky Mountains of
Colorado and New Mexico, it is, perhaps, the most
beautiful of the firs that are perfectly hardy and
satisfactory in the northeastern states. Nord-
mann’s fir often grows to the height of one hundred
to one hundred and fifty feet with a narrow com-
pact, pointed pyramid, shape and clothed to the
ground. Owing to the short season in the north-

MAGAZINE

DEcEMBER, 1911

Digging asphalt from Trinidad Lake

Genasco

the Trinidad - Lake Asphalt Roofing

Don’t you know why you ought
to have Genasco on your roof in-
stead of shingles, tin, tar, or ordin-
ary ‘‘composition’’ roofings?

The Good Roof Guide Book tells all about

it, and enables you to save money in the long
run. Write for it, and ask for samples.

The Kant-leak Kleet is another thing
you ought to know about. Write today.

The Barber Asphalt
Paving Company

Largest producers of asphalt, and largest manufac-
turers of ready roofing in the world.

Philadelphia
Chicago

New York

San Francisco

Cross-section Genasco Smooth-surface Roofing

Trinidad Lake Asphalt
Asphalt-saturated Wool Felt
Trinidad Lake Asphalt

ILLETT’S

HARDY FERNS AND FLOWERS
For Dark, Shady Places

Send for my descriptive catalogue of over 50
pages, which tells about this class of plants
It’s Free.

For any order of $5 or over, we will send, free
one-half dozen bulbs of White Trillium. Send
order to-day.

Edward Gillett, Box C, Southwick, Mass.

FLORICULTURE

Complete Home Study Course in practical Floricul- (94
ture under Prof. Craig and Prof. Beal, of Cornell /j
University.

Course includes Greenhouse Construction and
Management and the growing of Small Fruits and
Vegetables, as well as Flowers Under Glass.

Personal Instruction. Expert Advice.
250 Page Catalogue Free. Write to-day.

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. F., Springfield, Mass.

THE PASSING

OF THE

IDLE RICH

By Frederick Townsend Martin

HEE is a book by a man prominent in social circles
both in this country and abroad. His approach
to the subject is not that of the muck-raker; he sees
those undercurrents which make the superficial extray-
agance a sure sign of great social changes.
@ Mr. Martin tells the truth about the follies and the
absurdities of the idle rich; but he clearly indicates
that some rich people are not happy in their circum-
stances and are setting about to change them.

Net $1.00 (postage / Oc.)

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK

=
——— ————

Prof. Craig

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 233

DeEcEMBER, 1911

a3 3 IID A SR Hee
lgsan39977 a

enecima: Holidays

Many are going South and to other
winter resorts where even on X-mas day
they may fill out a set at tennis, golf, sail,
bathe or take a spin in the machine in
their lighest summer clothes.

Then again many will go up North
to those resorts where Jack Frost
abides, to toboggan on well built
coasters, thrill at the speed of ice
yachts, watch skeeing records
broken, enjoy the novelty of an ice
carnival or themselves revel in
many of the out-door winter sports
that make one feel the joy of living.

Where will you spend yours?

We have at our finger tips a vast amount
of data attendant upon such trips and can
undoubtedly help with suggestionsand assist
in making pleasant what is usually a tiresome matter of detail.

ee i he be di ge
* a ee oe ae ee ee
SSia> zs

SS

Before going away telephone, cal! or write to any office of
this bureau. We have all sorts of information about hotels and
resorts everywhere, and will be glad to furnish any information
that may be desired. We can also make arrangements for
hotel accommodations everywhere.

This Service is Free

Main Office located at 225 Fifth Avenue, New York

Branches at Raymond & Whitcomb’s Offices in

Boston Los Angeles
Philadelphia San Francisco
Detroit Portland, Oreg.

Alse at Doubleday, Page & Co.’s office
in the People’s Gas Building in Chicago

© HOTEE-RESOREBUREAU

“a 225 Fifth Avenue

ee NEW YORK, N. Y.

RAYMOND & WHITCOMB CO. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
225 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK GARDEN CITY, LONG ISLAND

n

he

For over 30 years the Raymond & Whitcomb Co. : eae ,
have made a specialty in everything in connection Publishers of Country Life in America, The

: Gi i ‘
A la yh

with foreign and Ameriean travel. Raymond & World’s Work, The Garden Magazine
Whitcomb’s tours are famous. ‘ ;

N

The Readers’ Service will give you
suggestions jor the care of live-stock

234 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

DECEMBER, 1911

‘Every Red Cross Seal
Is A Buallet’’

To Exterminate Tuberculosis

Do Your Part

@ Every Red Cross Seal sold this Holiday

Season is one step onward in stamping
out consumption.

Only One Cent a Seal

@ Every individual should take personal interest in this greatest of
the humanitarian movements of the age. Tuberculosis kills one in
ten. A few years ago this percentage was much greater. The cam-
paign of 1911 promises to reduce this present rate to far less
murderous proportions.

@ You are in danger. Every community is tainted by tuberculosis.
The sale of Red Cross Seals has been a major influence in awaken-
ing the widespread public anti-tuberculosis activity, now evident.
These seals have provided hospital privileges, free dispensaries, visit-
ing nurses, and sent preventative publicity broadcast. Last year

$300,000 was obtained through the Red Cross Seal campaign.

This year the goal is one million.

@ Help to insure your own safety and that of the wife and children
by buying your share of these Holiday Red Cross Seals. Every
outgoing letter and package should bear them.

One Million Dollars Are Needed

You can afford a millionth.

If you cannot buy Red Cross Seals in your
town, write to

Red Cross Seal Headquarters

715 Union Trust Bldgz., WASHINGTON, D. C.

% 7%, ICMXI Ry,
PRY CHRIS,

SPRAY TREES NOW

(While they are dormant)
With SCALIME

A perfect concentrated lime and sulphur spray
that has stood the severest tests of the experiment
stations. Strength guaranteed. Being scientifically
prepared and always uniform, it is far more effective
than home-made solutions. Stronger than other
brands, it will stand more dilution, therefore cheaper.

SC E used now will positively control San
Jose and other scales; destroy eggs of Aphides and
other pests that winter over on twigs and bark, as
well as spores of fungus diseases.

Sold by good dealers everywhere.
let on Fall and Winter Spraying.

Horticultural Chemical Company, Bullitt Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.

Only
: |
three moving parts—no cams, no gears, no

Gives ample power for all farm uses.

valves—can’t get out of order, Perfectgov- } En
ernor—ideal cooling system. Useskerosene |) ||

(coal oil), gasoline, alcohol, soe

as. Sold on 15 days’ trial. _Y 2
MONEY BACK IF YOU ARE NOT __
SATISFIED.

5-year ironclad guarantee. Sizes 27 to 200.
Paviat proportionate prices, 1n stock, reaqgy qe

to ship. Postal brings full particulais #=

free. Write for proposition on first en- jee
gine in your locality. (116) /_-F

STATE i
Detroit Motor Car Supply Co.” Detroit. Mich."=

Write for leaf-

east the tree grows slowly enough not to outgrow,
without continual mutilation, the limits of a small
lawn. There is a demand for such trees which
may be planted in a small space only a few yards
square, where there is not room for the larger ones.
This tree is well suited to decorate small lawns and
is especially adapted for planting beside residences
on private estates. When placed among round-
headed trees it emphasizes a most effective contrast;
It is also admirably adapted for planting in small
yards around houses in cities and villages on ac-
count of the little space required by its compact
crown. Its branches are slightly drooping and so
do not interfere with the walls, nor obstruct the
windows. There is just one cultural point to look
out for: When transplanting don’t break the tap
root — if you do the leader will die back, which is
the case in most of the specimens seen in suburban
gardens. If this has occurred select a new shoot for
a leader and tie it into position with a light stick
for a few years.
Washington, D. C. Z.

An Interesting Succulent

HE sickle-leaved crassula (C. falcata, more
often spoken of among gardeners as Rochea
falcata), is one of the most interesting of all the
succulents. It is a South African plant, which
in its native habitat grows from six to eight feet
high, but as a household plant, it can be had in
almost any size, from a single leaf upward. The
leaves are sickle-shaped, thick and fleshy, and
covered with a heavy glaucous covering which
makes them almost white. They are set spirally
on the stem of the plant, and upon looking down
upon them, look very much like the propeller of a
ship. Like all succulents, the dry condition of
the house is the best environment for them. When
grown in a greenhouse, they must be kept in a
dry, airy place.

The soil must be porous, so that all surplus water
can drain away quickly. A good soil for them can
be made from four parts of loam, two parts of
sand, and one part leaf mold, or very well decayed
manure. To this a small portion of broken brick
may be added to insure perfect drainage.

The plant is easily propagated by leaf cuttings.
The leaves are carefully broken from the stem, the
same as an echeverea leaf and put in the sand of a
cutting bench or in a pot of sand. This plant was
rooted by simply laying the leaf on the sand of the
cutting bench; a bud developed at the base of the
leaf. Large plants can be cut up, the stems making

cuttings, but before putting them in the cutting
bench, the cuttings should lay for a few days in
the sun in a dry place, so that the cuts may have
a chance to seer over before coming in contact
with the damp sand; otherwise they will rot.
Pennsylvania.

P. T. BARNES.

This plant (the sickle-leaved crassula) actually
thrives best in the dry air of the living-room

DEcEMBER, 1911

We Make S
RAY sor Everybody |

S| Bucket, Barrel, 4-Row

MR GN Potato Sprayers,

ae

“SY Power Orchard Rigs, etc.

There’s a field sprayer for ev-
ery need, the world’s best line.

THIS EMPIRE KING

leads everything of its kind.
Throwsfine mist spray with strong
force, no clogging, strainers are
brushed and kept clean and liquid is
thoroughly agitated automatically.
SPRAYING CALENDAR FREE
Write for directions and formula.
Also catalogue on entire sprayer
line. Wehave the sprayer to meet
your exact wants. Address

FIELD FORCE PUMP CO.
48 11th St., Elmira, N. Y-

A Wonderful Farm Tool

CLARK’S Pe | DOUBLE ACTION CULTIVA-
a a= TOR AND HARROW.

The most wonderful farm tool
ever invented. Two harrows in
one. Throws the dirt out, then
in, leaving the land level and true.
“4y' A labor saver, a time saver, a crop
maker. Perfect centre draft,
Jointed pole. Beware of imita-
tions and infringements. Send today for FREE Booklet, ‘‘In-
tensive Cultivation.’’

CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

902 Main St. Higganum, Conn.

BIGGER FRUIT CROP NEXT YEAR

By killing San Jose Scale and all other tree
and plant pests, with a spraying of

ood’s 625 WhaleQil

Sore No.3

Kills insects, worms, and parasites without injury to trees

—fertilizes the soiland promotes quick and healthy growth.Used

and endorsed by State Experiment Stations and U.S. Dept, of Agricul-
ture. Send for free book on Plant Diseases.

JAMES GOOD, Original Maker. 931 N. Front Street. Philadelphia.

Largest 27 Stock of
HardyPlants in America

Catalogue on Application

ELLIOTT NURSERY PiTTsBurG, Pa.

CY ~Farr’s Hardy Plants”—A book ~>
§ that tells about the wonderful Irises, Peonies, Poppies and
Anemones that have made Wyomissing famous, besides numer-
ous other garden treasures. More than a mere catalogue—Free.

Bertrand H. Farr, Wyomissing Nurseries, 643D Penn St, Reading, Pa.

—} ERE —

CHRISTMAS DINNERS

FOR este lbes Tt Wee

300,000
POOR
PEOPLE

Will be
supplied by
The
Salvation Army

Throughout the
United States

RSLS

2)

Will you help by
rending a donation,
no inatter how small

To COMMANDER

MISS BOOTH L~ oo

118 W. 14th Street, New York City
Western States, Commissioner Estill, 669 S. State St., Chicago

THE GARDEN

Partial List of Contents

Agriculture, Appropriations for Depart-
ment of
Aid to the Injured, First
Almanac, Calculations for 1912
Angora Goats, The Truth About
Animals, Ages of
Diseases and their Remedies.
Farm, Numberand Value of, in the States
Antidotes for Poisons
Apple Orchard. Materials Used and Re-
moved in Twenty Years
Apples Bestto Plant in Different Locations
Apricots, Best to Plant in Different
Locations
Arid Area in the Different States and
Territories
Barn Use, Weights for
Bee Keepers’ Maxims
Blackberries, Best, to Plant in Different
Locations
Bookkeeping for Farmers and Gardeners
Builders, Information for
Building a Hotbed
Bulb Culture—Indoor
Bulletins, Farmers’
Bushes, How Long They Will Bear
Cattle, Best Breed of Dairy
To Ascertain Weight of
Cereals, Composition of, for Comparison
Cheap Seed, Why Expensive
Cherries, Sweet, Best, to Plant in Differ-
ent Locations
Sour, Best, to Plant in Different Lo-
cations
Chronological Cycles for 1912
Church Days for r912
Concrete, What a Farmer Can Do With
Cooking Time Table
Corn, How Deep, Should Be Planted
Planting for Big Crops
Rule for Measuring
Cost of Plowing

Who’s Who in Poultry
Who’s Who in Dogs

APPLES
OR CIDER
APPLES?

MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service will give vou
tnjormation about motor boats 235

Enlarged, Rearranged and Revised

The
GARDEN AND FARM

ALMANAC
FOR 1912

Special Features:

Best Breeds of Cattle A Guide to the Weeds
Getting the Best of the Insects
Best Breeds of Sheep
Prize Contest for Recipes: $20 in Cash
and Other Prizes

The Garden and Farm Almanac tells you
how, when and where to plant and grow to the
very best advantage all flowers, vegetables, crops,
shrubs, trees and lawns—contains elaborate plant-
ing tables for every season of the year—tells how
to fight all insect enemies—shows what needs to be
done about the place each month for its better
maintenance—devotes many pages to all garden
and farm building operations—is full of new and
attractive ideas and suggestions.

The Garden and Farm Almanac

is, in a word, a ready reference guide of every-day
value, covering the entire field comprehensively
and expertly. It will answer every question for
you on any subject whatsoever pertaining to the
garden and farm. @ The 1912 Almanacis

bigger and better than ever before, containing
many new features. The text is made up of
Over 200 pages fully illustrated. Every
subject carefully indexed.

Postpaid 35 cents

Doubleday, Page
& Company

GARDEN CITY
Long Island, New York

Doubleday,
Page & Co.
Garden City, N. Y.

Please send me
postpaid, The 1912
Gardenand Farm Al-
manac, {or which I enclose
35 cents.

107 University Avenne.

ILOOK OUT
FOR SPARKS

No more danger or damage from flying
sparks. No more poorly fitted, flimsy fire-
place screens. Send for free booklet
“Sparks from the Fire-side.”’
the best kind of a spark guard for your in-
dividual fireplace. Write to-day for free
booklet and make your plans early.

The Syracuse Wire Works

- Syracuse. N.Y.

It tells about

at your station.
THE E. BIGLOW CO.

NEW LONDON, OHIO

For the past four years the great state of Pennsylvania has madea special appropriation of from
$30,000 to $40,000 annually to teach the fruit grower how to use Lime-Sulfur Washes, and incidentally,
to warn them against the use of ‘'Scalecide,” in spite of which the demand for “Scalecide” has in-
creased from year to year and apples from trees sprayed with “‘Scalecide”’ for five years took all the
first prizes at the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society meeting in 1910; three silver cups, the Adams
County sweepstakes and 20 first prizes at the meeting of the same society in 1911. Which pays best?
Prize apples or cider apples? ‘“‘Scalecide” has no substitute. _ yi

A postal request to Dept. “I”? will bring you by return mail, free, our book, “Modern Methods
of Harvesting, Grading and Packing Apples” and new booklet, “SCALECIDE, the Tree-Saver.”’ If

your dealer cannot supply you with “SCALECIDE,” we will deliver it to any R. R. Station in the

United States east of the Mississippi and north of the Ohio rivers on receipt of the price; 50-gal.
bbls., $25.00; 30-gal. bbls., $16.00; 10-gal. cans, $6.75; 5-gal. cans, $3.75. Address, B. G. PRATT CO.,
50 CHURCH STREET, NEW YORK CITY.

The Keaacrs’ Seve wus give you
suggestions jor the care oj live-stock

236 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

MRs. HUMPHRY WARD

Author of ‘‘ Robert Elsmere ”’

has written a sequel to that novel which so stirred England and America

“The Case of
Richard Meynell”

@_ For twenty years Mrs. Ward has written no book so important and
vitally interesting as this. The publishers, while they fully realize the
seriousness of the statement, believe that ‘‘ The Case of Richard Meynell”’
is a greater work than “‘ Robert Elsmere.” It represents the more mature
and vivid statement of questions which are being propounded in all
countries where people are awake to changing conditions in all churches
and all sects.

@ As astory, the career of Richard Meynell is vastly absorbing and the
statement of the new conditions twenty years after Elsmere’s time is
powerful in the telling, as well as important.

A book for a whole generation of readers

Six photogravure Illustrations. Fixed price, $1.35 (postage | 4c.)

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. NEW YORK

GARDEN CITY

Practical Cooking |
and Serving

By Janet Mackenzie Hill

ISS HILL is a recognized expert, head of
the Boston Cooking School, and she has
written what is perhaps the most practical,

up-to-date, and comprehensive work of the kind
ever published.
Two Hundred Illustrations.

How to Keep Bees

By ANNA BOTSFORD COMSTOCK
The Following Unsolicited Testi-
monial Has Just Been Received

S\YE are very glad to push the book as we

consider it of unusual merit and will

get out some circulars from this office ourselves.”
The. A. I. Root Co., Bee-Keepers’ Supplies

For Sale at all Book-stores. Net $1. 00 (postage | Oc.)

| DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
GARDEN CITY NEW YORK

Net $2.00 (postage 25c.)

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.

GARDEN CITY NEW YORK

DrEcEMBER, 1911

Transporting Specimen Chrys-
anthemums

xe LARGE specimen bush and standard chrys-

anthemums are grown for exhibition more
frequently than for any other purpose, the question
of transporting them to the place of exhibition is
a serious one, especially so if the distance is con--
siderable. When the distance is not more than
ten or fifteen miles, they may be carried with rea-
sonable assurance of safety, in a spring wagon of
some kind. With the plants fastened firmly in the
wagon, with tolerably good roads and a careful
driver, they will reach their destination in excellent
order, barring accidents. When the plants must
be sent to a considerable distance, they necessarily
must go by rail — either freight or express.

If a number of plants are to be sent, and sufficient
time can be allowed, the best method is to engage a
box-car and send the plants by freight, as they can
all be placed in the car and made fast so that no
harm can come to them. When the plants have to
be sent singly, they must be crated for shipment,
and the crating thoroughly done. Use strong
material for making the crate, but as light as is
possible consistent with strength. Make a good
base and fasten the pot to the bottom firmly, brac-
ing and supporting it from each of the sides of the
crate.

To reduce the diameter of the plant, thus
allowing the crate to be as small as possible, some
of the blooms on the outside of the plant may be
drawn up, cutting them loose from the frame if
such is used, and tied together, being returned to
their original positions upon arrival at destination.
If the pot is properly fastened in the crate the plant
itself will need no support. It will be well to cover
the crate with poultry netting, to prevent anything
from being dropped or pushed through the crate;
also to prevent anyone from evincing their love
for flowers by nipping off a few blooms. Plants
crated will carry safely hundreds of miles.

SCALE OF POINTS FOR JUDGING PLANTS

The Chrysanthemum Society of America has
adopted scales of points for judging plants at
exhibitions, which are as follows:

A — Scale of point for bush plants and standards,
single specimen or any number up to six, in an
exhibition where the class under consideration does
not form the chief feature in the exhibition hall.

Points
Equality of size and form of plant. 40
Size of bloom nee

: 35
Poliage’\:\. 51%. Ales cepa Qe tae
100

B — Scale of points for bush plants, exhibits of
more than six or for any number of specimen plants
in an exhibition where the class under consideration
forms the chief feature in the exhibition hall.

Points
Equality of size and form of plant. 35
Size of blooms. 5) i. 2 eo
Poliagé. {75> = Ss ies ene) skeen ee

100

C— Scale of points for plants grown to single
stem and one bloom. A height of not over three

ht aders’ Servi i id yo
Dmeumome, otal MGR enGesOr DPR IN) VE AC@UA HT NW, tHe Aa, ca it ee 237
1; More Water

AV) raised and delivered by the

“American” Centrifugal Pum

than by others because the
impeller is accurately ma-
chined to the casing, prevent-
ing any sudden change in di-
rection of the water. Mot an
ounce of power is wasted.
Every ‘‘American”’ Centrifu-
gal absolutely guaranteed.

_ Write for new catalog 120.

THE AMERICAN WELL WORKS

Office and Works, Aurora, Ill.
First National Bank Building, Chicago

U. S. GOVERNMENT REPORT

(Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Bulletin 95,)
issued June 30, 1911, says of

CYPRESS:

vo OL DING IT
The Postoffice Department by
ei nae Pies CO PICALLY

freight instead of fast mail. We
are doing our utmost to send the W EK A R S QO i | Al
magazines as early as possible,

but if your magazine is late, take

it up with your local postmaster. B [ 4 } i 4 O R [ } I y [ \
They are too precious tojlose: Get expert tree surgeons
SAVE to examine them and advise you as to what they need. 99 EF rom page 44.
ES U. S. Government

YOU Avoid tree fakers and tree butchers. Our free booklets
BwitS team 8s,

explain tree surgery, the science founded by John Davey.
P] oe .
Same report says ‘CYPRESS shows paint well and holds it for many years, but lasts a long time without it.”

TREE Write tor them. THE DAVEY TREE EXPERL CO.,, Inc.,
Largest and Finest assortment of high grade bulbs and (You know the conservatism of Government Reports.)

1512 Elm Street, Kent, Ohio
roots in America. Send for catalogue — mailed free

J. M. THORBURN & CO., 33 Barclay St., New York

FAIRFAX ROSES

CANNOT BE EQUALLED Catalogue free
W.R. GRAY, Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX CO., VA.

CYPRESS SIDING SOUND AS
A DOLLAR after withstanding
the tempests of a century and willing
to startagain! 91 YEARS “‘ON THE
JOB,” WITHOUT EVEN PAINTING,
on achurch in use till the day it was
tazed to make room for a larger
building,and the CYPRESS LUMBER
COMPOSING IT THEN USED AT
ONCE to erect a new gymnasium !

Here’s a photograph (straight from
the wood) of apiece of Cypress Siding
taken from St. Charles College, La.,
duly attested in writing by the presi-
dent, Father Maring. Built 1819—
Torn down 1910. NOT A TRACE OF

i f ROT. Note that the lower or exposed
DO waxr TO BE A BETTER SHOT?
Write us and we will give you some good pointers.

We will edge, originally the thicker, has be-
come the thinner by the simple
erosion of nearly a century of rains.

also send information about Guns and Rifles.
J. Stevens Arms & Tool Co., Dept. 215, Chicopee Falls, Mass.

SAVE 50% on THESE DEIEEE THERE’S INVESTMENT VALUE WORTH WHILE!

S. L. de FABRY, . Grower . LITTLE SILVER, N. J. —_— << —_cr ee
SS eee WRITE TODAY for VOLUME ONE of the CYPRESS POCKET LIBRARY, with Full Text
BURPEEF SEEDS GROW of OFFICIAL GOVT. REPORT as quoted above. (Sent FREE PROMPTLY on request.)

If you want a copy of the
Be As... opemmme meee Ue ects) Anichicaujceed “WOOD THAT WILL STAND THE GREENHOUSE TEST
pesmi eno ney BOOT: diet Geen WILLSTAND ANYTHING.” ASK FOR VOL. THREE ALSO—FULL OF VITAL FACTS.
When planning new improvements or repairs to old ones, just remember—‘‘ With CYPRESS you BUILD BUT ONCE.”

’ q

There’s Money in Poultr ——————— SSS SS

Guemriome stay Sete SRE nity Let our “ALL ROUND HELPS DEPARTMENT” help YOU. Our entire resources are at your service with Reliable Counsel

Culture under Prof, Chas, K. Graham, late of the , ew SOUTHERN CYPRESS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION
onneci z 4

TEC a Co aT aaa ae J 1209 HIBERNIA BANK BUILDING, NEW ORLEANS, LA.

INSIST ON CYPRESS AT YOUR LOCAL DEALER’S IF HE HASN’T iT, LET US KNOW IMMEDIATELY

Personal instruction. Expert Advice.
250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day.

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. P., Springfield, Mass. Prof. Graham.

Competent Gardeners EROS ROSES ese EVERGR EENS

The comforts and products of a country home are in- e .
creased by employing a competent Gardener; if you want to Extra Sizes for Immediate Effect

engage one write to us. Please give particulars regarding place Liberal Discounts on Large Orders
and say whether married or single man is wanted. We have Our Catalogue is a cyclopedia of information to the planter

been supplying them for years to the best people everywhere. NDSCAPE DEP S. G. HARRIS
No fee asked. PETER HENDERSON & CO., Seedmen eee Hamilton eee ROSEDALE NURSERIES Tara N. Y.
and Florists, 35 and 37 Cortlandt Street, New York City. = — -—- mone

We grow a general line of Nursery Stock; everything
$1 or $2 per Acre per Month required in this Northern latitude. We spend our time
: : and money growing the best stock possible, and very little
Buys a Sanford celery farm. Flowing artesian well in advertising it. We have always depended upon satis-

fied customers to do our advertising and have never been

guaranteed. Sub-irrigation, fine drainage, good sub-
soil, proven district, no interest; water and rail transpor- disappointed. Send for our catalog and price list. EERE Ey
The Bay State Nurseries, North Abington, Mass.

tation. Our liberal contract allows six years to pay out.

TITLE BOND & GUARANTEE CO., Sanford, Fla.

The Readers’ Service is prepared to
advise purents in regard to schools

238

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

DEcEMBER. 1911

For Every Purpose

HE power needs of country places
are most varied. To meet them
successfully and economically, a

gasoline engine must be exceptionally well
designed and well built. It must be
capable of a wide range of work. It must
have an efficient governor to prevent
- waste of fuel when running with a light
load. It must be able to handle sud-

denly-applied overloads without undue
strain on the mechanism of the engine.

I H C Gasoline Engines

oat,

are built to meet just such varied needs. If
your heaviest normal work requires 6 horse
power and your lighest only 2, a 6 horse
power engine will take care of both. It will use
only as much fuel as a 2 horse power engine when
doing that amount of work. It will develop, in
an emergency, from 10 to 20 per cent more power
than its rating.

I H C engines are well designed, easy to under-
stand, easy to manage, and are built with scrup-
ulous attention to every detail of material and
workmanship. They give satisfactory service
wherever installed. They win words of praise
from owners in country houses everywhere.

You can choose just the engine for your work
from the different sizes and styles of I C
Engines, 1- to 50-horse power, air-cooled or water-

cooled. They are built to operate on gas, gaso-
line, naphtha, kerosene, distillate, or alcohol.

Let us send you our complete catalogue. A postcard will bring it.
International Harvester Company of America
INCORPORATED

CHICAGO USA

71 Harvester Building
Bigger Fruit Profits
Here is a spray pump invented by fruit
growers. It was our endeavor to secure

the best spray pump to use on our 300
acre fruit farm that produced the

ECLIPSE a;
SPRAY PUMP

It overcomes every defect found in other
makes—it has proved itself best in actual
work. Put an Eclipse to work on your trees
and earn bigger profits. Write for our fully
illustrated catalogue. It tells why you should
spray—and why you should do it with an
Eclipse. It’s free. Write to-day.

MORRILL & MORLEY MFG. CO., Benton Harbor, Mich.

peveranes

feet is recommended for plants in this class, and

pots not over six inches in diameter.

Points
Compact sturdy growth . . . . 40
HOLA RE ey eae a Nees ea 30
SIZenO1g | OOM on nn nO
100

New York. Tl 1E12,

The Chilian Herb Lily
(A LAROUGH the Chilian herb lily (Alstroemeria
Chilensis) has survived the winter at Wash-
ington, when well mulched, and is claimed to be
hardy farther to the northward if protected, it
is safest to regard it as a summer bulb. As such
it should be planted more frequently than it is.

4

The Chilian herb lily is not as common in gar-
dens as’ it should (be. Try it; it blooms for two
months

It blooms from July to September and the flowers,
ranging from pinkish white to orange red, are very
attractive. As soon as the foliage dies down in the
fall, lift the bulbs and store over winter in a frost-
proof place.

The Chilian lily requires partial shade and
plenty of water while the roots are growing. It
these conditions cannot be given there is really
little use in trying to grow this lily. The tubers
should be planted four inches deep in soil that
has been worked not less chan fifteen inches.

New York. isl, “WJ

‘Boston Garter
Vik

2 Recommended by
every wearer —it has
made its way all over
the world because
of its superior qual-
ity, ease, and wear
value. The pref-
erence of men who
dress with care.

These two types sold every-
where by dealers,

Lisle, 25 Cents. Silk, 50 Cents.
Sample pair postpaid on receipt
of price.

GEORGE FROST CoO.,
Makers, Boston.

THE

STANDARD

FOR

THIRTY
YEARS

SHEEP MANURE

Dried and pulverized. No waste and no weeds.
Best fertilizer for lawns, gardens, trees, shrubs,
vegetables and fruit.

Large barrel, freight prepaid East

$4 OO of Missouri River. Cash with or-
ot der. Write for interesting booklet
and quantity prices.

The Pulverized Manure Co.
19% Union Stock Yards, Chicago

ORCHIDS

Largest importers and growers of
OrcHIpDs in the United States

LAGER & HURRELL
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J.

BIG MONEY IN MUSHROOMS

Profits Large and Quick

Any one can make &5 to $60 a week growing
A hy) mushrooms in spare time, in sheds, basements, etc. Big
market and large profits. Ihave been in the business
314 years and will tell youhow. Send for FREE book.

4 JACKSON MUSHROOM FARM
6284 N. Western Ave. Chicago, Ill.

RATS

DANYSZ
Send for particulars. 1 tube 75c.,

3 tubes $1.75, per dozen $6.00 VIRUS
INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL COMPANY, 72 Front St., N.Y.

Killed by Science

HLI AS 1912 catalogue will be ready
D A for mailing in January.
Write now for a free copy. Prices revised.

Geo. L. Stillman, Dahlia Specialist, Westerly, R. I.. Box C.
pt ee OAL eee ee

SUTTON & SONS, READING, ENGLAND

PENNSYLVANIA
Quality LAWN MOWERS

'. THE ONLY MAKE WITH CRUCIBLE TOOL-STEEL
- + BLADES THROUGHOUT

DECEMBER, 1911

FOR CHRISTMAS

a Only $28.50
ie Freight
Prepaid
East of the
Mississippi
Size of Chest:
48 1-2 1n. long;
20 1-4 in. wide;
17 1-4 in. high.

Your furs, blankets, linens, laces, silks and
woolens, come from the fragrant depths ofa Piedmont

Southern Red Cedar Chest fresh with the aromatic perfume of

Nature’s great preserver and as perfect as the day they were
laidaway. ABSOLUTE PROTECTION FROM MOUHS, MICE, DUSI
AND DAMPNESS. A yery decorative piece of furniture and inakes the most
acceptable of all Christmas gifs. Shipped DIRECT from factory, at factory
prices, freight prepaid, 15 days’ free trial, Send for our interesting booklet.
“TheStory of RedCedar''and big illustrated catalog showing all styles and sizes
of Chests. Upholstered Wardrobe Couches and Chifforobes. Wide price range.

PIEDMONT RED CEDAR CHEST CO., Dept. 92, Statesville, N.C.

FOR MENDING HARNESS

shoes, tents, awnings, pulley belts, carpets,

4 bees saddles, suit cases. buggy tops, dash
boards, or any heavy ma-
thread, =«-§ WS terial. STrWART’s
feeds fromspool AUTOMATIC

and does the work

of any harness maker
machine. It is indispensable for
farmers. Agents wanted. Sent prepai
for $1.25. Send at once for catalog.
Stewart-Skinner Co., 28 Hermon St., Worcester, Mass.

Horsford’s Hardy Plants
And Flower Seeds
that Grow

You can’tafford to waste time over poor seeds or tenaer plants.
If you want the kinds that stand cold weather, you should send
for the Horsford free catalogue before placing your orders.
New catalogue ready with the new year, Ask for it now.

F. H. HORSFORD, Charlotte. Vt.

Planet Jr Farm and Garden Tools

get largest crops with least work.
Write to-day for rorz illustrated catalogue.

S. L. Allen & Co., Box 1108 S, Philadelphia, Pa.
WITH OR

SUN-DIALS wirtccr
PEDESTALS

Send for Catalogue H 27 of pergolas,

sun-dials and garden furniture or H 40

of wood columns.

HARTMANN-SANDERS CO.

Chicago, IIl.

| ~ New York Office, 1123 Broadway

| DINGEE ROSES are positively best. On their
own roots. Express charges

| paid under special plan — growing plants delivered FREE. Oldest

| rose house in America — 61 years’ experience. Write for “ Dingee
| Guide to Rose Culture for 1912’’ — contains 106 pages — it’s free.

|| THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., Box 37, West Grove, Pa.

THE RICHER LIFE rier a. vyer

NOTHING could be more appropriate than this for a Holi-
day gift. First, under each chapter, comes a parable, a
fairy-tale— and then hard upon the heels of the story, there
is a stimulating, provoking, humorous discussion of those
problems which are the warp and woof of every-day life for
you and me. It carries a message of good cheer to every
reader, and one chapter upon Christmas and the keeping of
the Christmas spirit will find its way to many hearts.

Bound in Cloth. Decorated. Net, $1.00 (postage 10c.). Special
Holiday Edition null flexible Leather. Net, $1.25 (postage 12c.).

DOUBLEDAY; PAGE & COMPANY
Garden City New York

— ae for Catalogue showing Flower Boxes, Pots, Vases,
J Jardinieres, Etc. Made of Strong, Durable Terra Cotta.
Suitable for use in the house or Garden Decoration.

GALLOWAY TERRA Gort Co.
3214 WALNUT Sr. PHILADELPHIA.

THE GARDEN

The Readers’ Service gives 239
information about insurance mor

MAGAZINE

Books by Well-known Authors

The Harvester

125th Thousand On Press. “It is a Mrs. Porter

curious, fascinating story of unusual plot, the kind of fiction that catches
quickly in the first chapter, tightens its grip as the pages are turned, and
holds fast without the least marking of time to the end.” — Boston Globe.
Illustrated in color by W. L. Jacobs. Fixed price, $1.35 (postage 14c.). By
the same author: “Freckles” and “A Girl of the Limberlost.” Nearly
300,000 copies sold! Each, illustrated. Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12¢.).

“The author makes one long for the wooded place and the scent of the
earth.”’ — Denver Times.

; eZ Porter
- The Miller of Old Church
Miss Glasgow “We feel that in this, her ninth book,

she shows herself a worthy successor of Thomas Hardy, as able and as
profound in her own field as he was in his.” —Houston Post.

“A good sstory at the outset, carrying a strong plot to a climax logical
and dramatic. Cool consideration shows not construction but characterization
to be its noblest distinguishing feature. As a study of well-depicted, well-con-
trasted character values the book is remarkably fine.”’—Chicago Record Herald.

Decorated Wrapper. Fixed price, $1.35 (postage 14C.).

Miss Glasgow
The Adventures of Bobby Orde White
This is Mr. White’s first book for younger readers, and

the hundreds of thousands who delighted in “The Rules of the Game”? and
“The Riverman”’ can easily imagine what an ideal boy’s tale he makes of the
outdoor experiences of Bobby, the son of Orde “The Riverman.” For
these three stories, while quite independent of one another, are a trilogy of
the life and adventures of the Ordes, father and son. Illustrated. Fixed
price, $1.20 (postage 12c.). By the same author: “The Cabin.” ‘The Rules
of the Game.”

S. E. White
Rolf in the Woods

Seton The adventures of a Boy Scout with Indian Quonab and
little dog Skookum in the War of 1812. “The boy who doesn’t enjoy this
book is no boy at all, but an imitation. It is a good, red blooded story
lavishly illustrated by a man who can make animals almost growl out of the
printed page. Never has Mr. Seton’s double talent for writing and illustrat-
ing shone to such good purpose.” —The Duluth Herald. Full page illustrations
by the author and many marginal drawings. Fixed price, $1.75 (postage 15c.).
By the same author: “Two Little Savages.”’ Net, $1.75 (postage 15c.). “The
Forester’s Manual.” Illustrated. Cloth, net, $1.00; paper, net, 5oc. (postage 8c.).

The Golden Silence Williamson

A romance of the desert, by C. N. and
A. M. Williamson. “ How the heroine herself is carried off by an amorous
Arab; how pursuit and escape and retaliation bring all to a happy con-
clusion, make an absorbing tale written with much literary skill.””—Pitts-
burg Gazette Times.

“Tt makes vivid that land of piercing heat, of scorching sands domed by
skies of eternal blue. An ideal background for a romance.’”’—Portland Tele-
gram. Frontispiece. Decorated wrapper. Lining pages. Fixed price, $1.35
(postage 14C.).

is
A oa 1
as

E. T. Seton

Mrs. Williamson

Sixes and Sevens

O. Henry In these pages one moves in the same world

which he loved so well to draw in all his books — the every-day world of you
and me. He laughs at you, but always with you as well—and there is a
saving quality in this. His fun is always found in the humor of your plight,
never in the misfortune of it: and when he laughs loudest he is nearest to tears.
Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12c.). By the same author: “The Gift of the
Wise Men.” Holiday edition in leather. Illustrated. Fixed price, $1.00
(postage toc.). In boards, fixed price, 5oc.

Doubleday, Page & Co.

The Readers’ Service gives
information about insurance

240

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

DrEcEMBER, 191}

Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory

dogs, poultry and live stock will be gladly given.

Information about the
selection or care of

Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT,

THE GARDEN MaGaZzINnE, 11-13 W. 32d Street, New York.

Brooders. Cool floors develop stout, sto-ky legs.
backs of the chicks.
always near by for the chick to run under.

They continually supply pure, fresh air—plenty of oxygen.

THE
HALL MAMMOTH
BROODER

Efficiency of work and economy
of operation are the two factors up-
on which successtul—money mak-.
ing—brooding depends. These two
factors are most highly attained in
The Hall Mammoth Brooders.

They achieve their efficiency by
following the laws of nature. She
gave the chick the cool earth upon
which it was brocded. She gave
it heat radiated from the body of
the old hen to its back. She gave
it pure, cool air in which to run,
returning to the hen when cold.
These same natural conditions are
supplied by The Hall Mammoth

Hall Mammoth Brooders radiate their heat onto the

Their hovers are

The Hall Mammoth Brooders combine economy with their perfect efficiency. They cost less per

chick to operate than any on the market.

Write for free catalog, “Fact and Argument.”
will be of profit to you.
today.

THE HALL MAMMOTH INCUBATOR CO.

Baby Chicks of Quality

Sent by Express Direct to You

Why bother with eggs? I can supply you with healthy
young chicks at once and guarantee them to reach you in good
condition. Fishel Strain White Plymouth Rocks, S. C. R. I.
Reds. Prices reasonable. Chick catalozue free.

R. C. Caldwell,Box 1025, Lyndon, Ross Co., Ohio

Maplecroft Rhode Island Reds

win at all the leading shows. “It pays to buy
the best.” Stock and Eggs for sale in large
quantities. Send for Circular and Mating List
of S. C. Reds. J. G. Dutcher, Prop. Address

Maplecroft Farms, Pawling, New York

MAKE Your HENS LAY

You can double your egg yield by feeding fresh-cut, raw bone.
It contains over four times as much egg-making material as grain
and takes the place of bugs and worms in fow]s’ diet. That’s why
it gives more eggs—greater fertility, stronger chicks larger fowls.

MANN’S Kone. BONE CUTTER

MODEL

cuts easily and rapidly all
large and small bones
with adhering meat and
gristle. Automatically
adapts to your
strength. Never
clogs. Sent on 10 /
Days’ Free Trial.
No money down.

Send for our free books today.
F.W. MANN CO., Box 325. Milford. Mass.

It will convince you of the superiority of The Hall Mammoth Brooder.

Jt will tell you many things about brooding that

Write

Utica, N. Y.

NO MONEY
IN ADVANCE

The “‘Dandy”’ is the easiest oper- |:
ated, best built, fastest cutting
green bone cutter made. Sold on
: 15 days? free trial with a

broadguarantee, Ifit suits, keep
AND UP it, ifnot, send it back. Free catalog,

Stratton Mfg. Co., Box 24, Erie, Pa.

SVK FREE

Make money breeding squabs. Read in our zoz2 free book how
Etwinoma Farms (Vt.) sells them for $6. doz. Started with 25 pazrs
of our Extra P. R. Homers two years ago, multiplied now to 800
pars. John Ludwig (Cal.) 75 years old, making $25. week. Oscar
Maerzke (Wis.) $4000. yearly shipping squabs to Chicago. Big
western demand. s000 squabs wanted dai/y by only one N. Y.-firm.
See what they say in Vatzonal Squab Magazine (monthly) specimen
copy from us Zex Cents, one year, $1. Allabout pigeons and squabs
handsomest, largest, unique, original, practical.

PLY MOUTIL ROCK SQUAB €O0., 151 HOWARD STREET, MELROSE, MASS.

COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE
. Half the Cost— with the

PROFIT FARM BOILER

With Dumping Caldron. Empties its kettle in
one minute. e simplest and best arrange-
ment for cooking food for stock. so make
Dairy and Laundry Stoves, Water and Steam
Jacket Kettles, Hog Scalders, Caldrons, etc.
(&~ Send for particulars and ask for circular L

D. R. SPERRY & CO. Batavia, Ill.

Keep Your ;
Pare Milk Pure!

TERILAC

SANITARY MILK PAIL
Approved by up-to-date dairy-

men. Price $2.50. Sent di-

A Money Making Scheme

(Oe ACCOUNT of the shutting down of the

smelter works in Denver, in January, 1910,
I was unfortunate enough to lose my position.
When the business would resume operations
looked rather indefinite, so I cast about for some-
thing to do in the meantime whereby I could make
expenses.

Owing to the fact that there was a large number
of idle men who were willing to do any kind of
work, the prospects for getting a “job” through
ordinary methods were not encouraging

This idea came to me which might easily be
worked out elsewhere: While on a trip to the
mountains in September, 1909, I had seen many
trees, plants, and shrubs which if transplanted to
city gardens or lawns would enhance the beauty
of the home. Now that I was out of work, why not
call on some of the well-to-do residents of the
fashionable section of Denver, and solicit orders
for certain trees and plants which I knew were
plentiful on the mountain slopes?

As a preliminary move, I secured a catalogue
from a large nursery firm from which I cut the
pictures of such plants and trees as I knew were
to be found in the mountains. These I pasted on
blank paper after the manner of a scrap book,
setting a price opposite each to correspond with
that charged by the regular nursery.

Armed with these cuts I began making calls,
selecting only such places where the owner ap-
peared to take a special interest in the lawn or
garden. :

The first day I got only two orders, but on the
second and third days results were better. Under
the stimulus of securing three or four orders a
day, I continued the work of soliciting from Febru-
ary 1st to March 15th. The terms on which I
took orders were as follows: I was to deliver the
trees on or before April st; was to receive one-
half of the price agreed upon at the time of delivery,
the other half on July 1st, provided the trees were
then living. For any that should die I was to
make no charge.

March 15th I started on my bicycle for the
hills, twelve miles away, having engaged a man
with a team and large wagon to follow and meet
me at a given point on the following day. Refer-
ting to my order book, I chased around hill and
dale until I found such trees and plants as were
called for, then dug up and carried them to a place
easily reached by the wagon.

I remained at the cabin of a ranchman that
night, and when the wagon arrived next morning
I had ready a full load, consisting mainly of silver
poplars, cedars, and conical fir-trees. I accompanied
the wagon home, and with the assistance of another
man, delivered and set the whole load that day.
It required four trips of the wagon to fill the orders
in my book.

While delivering, I collected $84 as one-half
the amount of my orders. After paying $12 for
hauling, and $8 for help in setting the trees, I had
$64 to show for my part of the work.

In making delivery I took orders for a number
of plants and flowers that could not be found in the
mountains; these I turned over to the nurseryman
who had furnished the catalogue, and for which he
gave me a small commission. On May rst I re-
sumed my former position as shipping clerk; my
reserve fund intact. July 1st I was granted leave
of absence for two days, went over my route and
collected $60 more, making a total of $124.

Colorado. James A. PATTERSON.

——EEE——————

DEcEMBER, 1911

Feed
Your Dog
Like a Pig

on odd scraps and waste?

Or

do you treat him as he deserves?

Austin’s Dog Bread

is real dog food. Made of just the
things that are good for your dog at
all seasons—clean sweet meat, cereals
and flour. No waste materials are
used. Will give your dog a glossy
coat, a clear eye, and sound muscles.

Send for Free Sample

A postal will do. State whether you want Austin’s
Dog Bread or Austin’s Puppy Bread (for puppivs and
small pets)—and give us the name of your dealer.

Look for AUSTIN AUSTIN DOG BREAD &

ANIMAL FOOD CO.
on Every, Cake 203 Marginal Street, Chelsea, Mass.

Delight the

ctgneehe A Shetland Pony
—is an unceasing source
of pleasure. A safe and
Me) ideal playmate. Makes
~ the child strong and of
robust health. Inexpensive
to buy and keep. Highest
, types here. Complete outfits.
| Entire satisfaction. Write
for illustrated catalog.

BELLE MEADE FARM
Dept. 15, Markham, Va.
In the Next

MORE EGGS fiets:

Feed your hens green bone, cut with a Stearns
Bone Cutter. We willlend you one to try, free,
for the next 30 days. If your hens don’t lay
lots more eggs, don’t pay for it.

Write to-day for catalog and booklet. How to
< make poultry pay.”

E. C. STEARNS & CO., Box 2, Syracuse, N. Y.

Large Berkshires
at Highwood

Regular Fall Offering of pigs 8 to 10
weeks old; may be selected in pairs or
trios no akin. We have the largest
herd of these animals in the U.S.
Every animal sold.registered at our
expense and guaranteed to be satis.
factory to purchaser.

H. C. & H.B. Harpending
Dundee, N. Y.-

— CS a SS

°
Jersey Reds are Lively
and lively growing pigs are quick money-makers. Jersey Reds are the most
Satisfactory, all-around breed. Those who have tried them say so. Fatten
easily and quickly. are small-boned, long-bodied, vgiorousand prolific; quality
of meat unsurpassed. Have some choice offerings now. Satisfaction guaranteed
Write quickly. Free Catalog. Arthur J. Collins, Box T, Moorestown, N. J.

WINDHOLME’S IMPORTED BOUNDER 2699
Buy Tamworths the hog of the future. To clean upon fall litters we will sell
while they last, herds consisting of one boar and two sows for $25.00. F. O.
B. Islip. For reasons why the Tamworth is the very best hog in sight, address

W. C. McCollom, Supt., Windholme Farm, Islip, New York,

THE GARDEN

Potter Portable Poultry Houses
Style ‘‘A’’5— 8x10 foot house, complete
with 8-foot Potter outfit, $40.
styles and sizes.

POTTER & COMPANY

If you wish information about dogs
apply to the Readers’ Service

MAGAZINE

A GOOD LIVING FROM POULTRY

The High Cost of Living canbe Reduced by the Philo System

1600 Eggs, or 160 lbs. of Broilers can be produced in a corner
of a garden, 5x6 ft. square

If we were to tell you that a family of six people could make a good living from six hens you would
hardly believe it. Results that have been accomplished by the PHILO SYSTEM in the past would justify
this statement. Such results could not be obtained from common poultry or common methods. But the
best birds of aNNEW BREED the NEW METHOD of the PHILO SYSTEM in caring for the fowls and the
new way of marketing make it possible to get even better results

This is not theory or guess-work; it is just what six hens have done in the past, and will do again when
handled according to the latest methods and discoveries made by the originator of the PHILO SYSTEM.

At his poultry plant in Elmira, a net profit of $25,000.00 from a HALF ACRE OF POULTRY has been
made in twelve months where fertile eggs are produced and hatched every day in the year. From 80 to 120
pounds of the very best broilers and roasters have been raised every three months in PHILO SYSTEM coops
only 3 to 6 feet in size.

Come to Elmira and we will SHOW YOU how such results are accomplished.
HOW YOU CAN MAKE

$1,000, $2,000 OR $5,000, OR MORE

PER YEAR keeping poultry by the PHILO SYSTEM. This can be accomplished because there is no longer
any guess-work about raising, keeping or selling poultry. Everything in connection with the work has
been reduced to a science and any one who will follow our system can succeed.

Others are succeeding in every state and their experience and success are fully explained in our NEW
BOOK entitled ‘*“MAKING POULTRY PAY.”’ It contains ninety-six pages of carefully written and selected
matter of immediate and permanent value to every poultry raiser, as well as numerous illustrations. We
will mail you this book for ten cents, in money or in stamps to cover postage, just to show you some facts
about the poultry business that you have probably never dreamed of.

We also have a NEW PHILO SYSTEM text book three times the size of any former edition.

have already purchased copies of former editions of this text book and have
340,000 PERSONS paid $1.00 each for every copy. The new text book tells all about howto do
the work to secure such wonderful results. This book with descriptions of appliances, and a right to make
and use them, will be mailed to you postage paid for $1.00. If ordered at once we will mail the two books,
‘MAKING POULTRY PAY” and the New Edition of the PHILO SYSTEM for only $1.00

THE POULTRY REVIEW 1Zubis is a monthly publication edited by the originator of the PHILO

SYSTEM and an able staff of writers made up of expert and practical
poultrymen. This magazine is devoted exclusively to the idea of being immediately helpful to its readers.
Every article is prepared and edited with this idea as a prevailing one. On Sept. 1, 1911, it had 105,251 paid-
in-advance subscribers and is considered more valuable to the Poultryman than all other poultry papers
combined. The price is only $1.00 for one year’s subscription.

SPECIAL OFFER

Our New Book, ““MAKING POULTRY PAY,”’ 96 pages, $ .10 “THE POULTRY REVIEW”? (one year) See ECR
New Enlarged Edition of the ““‘PHILO SYSTEM BOOK” 1.00 | ““MAKING POULTRY PAY,’ ““PHILO SYSTEM BOOK ”’
If ordered at once we will mail the two books for 1.00 | and “POULTRY REVIEW” all three postpaid, for - - -

E. R. PHILO, 2292 LAKE STREET,

Let us tell you

$1.00
1.50

ELMIRA, N. Y

DON’T BUILD

A $40 00 HOUSE

coops, etc., from Potter & Co., because they have been making these goods for ten years and know how.
Complete : Convenient : Sanitary

Potter Portable Houses and Fixtures have these good points, as
thousands of users test:fy. Potter goods are Arin quality anclow fF
in price. They are made for a purpose and save you time and labor
in your poultry work.

Satisfaction Guaranteed — when you buy our goods. They
are made right and do please our customers. No lice and mites
when you use our vermin-proof roosts and nests. For your own
pleasure and profit and for the sake of your hens, you cannot
afford to be without Potter fixtures.

Our Two Catalogues — (136 pages, 150 illustrations) on port-
able houses and coops, fixtures, feed hoppers, trap nests, feeds
and supplies ofall kinds at lowest prices, will interest you.
Mailed for two red stamps to cover postage. Write today and
be convinced that Potter Poultry Products are for particular
poultry people. Wealso make portable auto houses. Catalogue
mailed on request.

BOX 22

)

A $5 Hennery Outfit

16, 5-foot tio

Many other 6, 5
is Made in 12 sizes.

perch Potter outfit, pri

241

You can buy better, cheaper, more complete ready (factory) made hen-houses, roosting and nesting fixtures,

DOWNERS GROVE, ILLINOIS

I Al 1s in your gard ile to
242 tthe Renae Sena praca =| | LEE (CARD EN VIP CaNU7aloNGG

L-523—-Collapsible Cup.
in leather case, 50c

Stained with Cabot’s Shingle Stains
Aymar Embury Il, Architect, Englewood, N. F.

You Are Sure of

Cabot’s Shingle Stains

They have been the standard for more than twenty-
five years, and are specified by nine-tenths of the archi-
tects, who know them from experience. Their colors are
soft rich and beautiful, and guaranteed fast. Their
vehicle is Creosote, which thoroughly preserves the wood,
and they contain no kerosene or other cheapener. Why
experiment with unknown stains, when you are sure of
Cabot’s. Ifa substitute is used on your house you are
the loser.

You can get Cabot’s Stains all over the country.
Send for samples and the name of nearest agent.

SAMUEL CABOT, Inc.

Manufacturing Chemists
1 Oliver Street Boston, Mass.

STUDY FARMING

POULTRY FLOWERS AGRICULTURE
BY MAIL

Truck Farming, Vegetable Gardening, Flower Culture, Frnit Growing,
Pouliry Culture, Bee Culture, Greenhouse Management and Construction,
General Farming, also Dairying, Farm Engineering, Farm Management,
Soils, Farm Crops, Animal Husbandry, Farm Book-keeping, Dry Farm-
ing, Stock Farming, Teachers Course, Short Courses, Horses, Swine,
Sheep, Cattle, etc. Splendid, practical, understandable correspondence
courses by larve Faculty of experts from leading Agr. Colleges.

VALUABLE BOOKLET FREE
“*How to Make the Farm Pay More”

Courses for actual farmers and prospective farmers, either in country, vil-
lage or city, whether you own a farm, a garden or a city or suburban lot or
expect to. A way out for the city man longing to get back to the farm.
Learn the latest improved methods of intensive Scientific Farming. Every
one can use some of our courses to advantage. Just the opportunity you
have been wanting —7o dearn at home. FEasy payments. High time to
arrange to make your spare time count this winter. Send ¢oda; for tem-
porary low rate and convincing proof. (Which course interests you?)

American Farmers’ School 22 “2ir4 Building,

Minneapolis, Minn.

3 :
Silver Links, with
foitials, 7S< 4 pau

;

“
e “eo .

Our YEAR BOOK Helps in the Art of Giving

It isa Free 250-page Cyclopedia of your easy chair. It tells you the exact
Christmas, revised and re-revised by our truth about the quality, looks and size
experience of distributing millions of of each article. It never tries to urge
gifts for persons of the highest refine- you into spending more than you wish,
ment and taste. It is equally helpful or into taking something you do not
whether you have one lollar or one like.
hundred to spend, and the prices will Send for one or more of these articles.
make your Christmas purse seem We deliver free anywhere in the
longer than usual. United States, daintily packed. guar-

It gives a wider range of selection anteeing safe arrival and absolute satis-
than any shop, and yet you select in faction.

Write To-day for the Year Book
with illustrations of 10000 articles in gold, silver, leather and brass

DANIELLOW & CO. (Est. 1867) 312 Essex St., Salem, Massachusetts

es ee oD: TO ee

FERN AND HOLLY ROOTS

The beautiful Oregon Holly and Brake Ferns. Holly
has very shiny leaves of varying shades of Reds,
Yellows, Greens. Ferns grow 4 feet high. Need
no shade. 1 Root, either, 20 cents. 1 Root, each, 35
cents. Additional Roots, either, 10 cents. Postpaid.
Send Stamps or Silver to

HIDDEN HEIGHTS RANCH, Hood River, Oregon

Three Things You Need

FIRST: The only Sanitary method of caring
for garbage, deep in the ground in metal
receiver holding heavy galvanized bucket
with bail, No freezing, no odor. Avoid the
battered can and scattered refuse resulting
from removal of frozen contents. Health

Opens with the Koot demands it.
Underground Garbage Receiver

Underfloor Refuse Receiver
aT Spiral Truss Ribbed Ash Barrel

Yeace maak

a ey

Make the Farm Pay

Complete Home Study Courses in Agriculture,
Horticulture, Flovieultnre, Landscape Gardening. For-

lee us send you with our compliments a highly
decorative Garden Ca‘endar, which is a com-
plete garden guide for each month of the year. It

2 2 * nae a ° D try, Poultry Cultnwe, and Veterinary Science under 2 * .
is suitable for the den, library or living room. All ; BM) Prof Brooks of the Mass. Agricultural College, Prof. SACO I Ge, Cynientont
we ask is that you send us the name and address \" as Gels Os Comal” wimasiey 2a Pie mmeniens wey oe eae oe soe a
‘ 3 teachers. Over one hundre ome tudy t y »
of the dealer from whom you buy your garden Courses under able professors in leading colleges. yard refuse. Fireproof. Flush with
implements. Address: Calendar Department. r 250 page entalog free. Write to-day. floor. Abolish the old ash barrel.
AMES PLOW CO., Quincy Market, Boston, Mass. Prof. Brooks EO Ta Sel ON Oe Seu THIRD: The Stephenson Spiral Truss

Ribbed Ash Barrel has
no unsanitary corruga-
tions for refuse to cling
to. It is so constructed
that it has the great- — 3 :
est strength and durability without excessive
weight. Nine years in practical use. It
pays to look us up.

Sold direct. Send for Circulars on each

Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr.
40 Farrar Street, Lynn, Mass.

$15 Per Acre

TRIER TARAS

& Up. Easy Payments.
mate, fine water, good
roads, close markets, unsurpassed church, school and social advantages. Now while you think of it, write

for the latest issue of “THE SOUTHERN HOMESEEKER.” other attractive literature and low
excursion rates. Address F. H. LaBAUME, Agr’l Agt., Norfolk & Western Ry., Box 3048, Roanoke, Va.

mmm cre XZARLY RAINFALL 45 INCHES!!

Ensy to sweep into

ates
Qutwears all Othe

"SEE

Lie

inns

Buy This $250
Greenhouse Now

Have an indoor garden of flowers all winter. No
leggy, laggy plants, but healthy, full blooming “‘top-
notchers ’.

Never has a greenhouse so well built and thorough-
ly guaranteed been offered at so low a figure. Price
includes everything, even to the boiler. Shipped
knocked down, ready for immediate erection.

Any one can put it up—no foundation needed.
Turn the dreary months before spring into summer by
having this house. Send for booklet.

Hitchings & Company
1170 Broadway New York

Hill’s “Hustler”
Ash Sifter

Sifts ashes quickly without muss or fuss. So
easy a child can do it. Saves coal, work, time
and dirt. Soon pays for
itself, Fits ordinary
barrel or ironcan. Lasts
a lifetime. Sold by hard-
ware dealers everywhere.

Send now for interesting,
descriptive Folder No. 7.

Hill-Dryer Co.

207 Park Ave., Worcester, Mass.

DREER’S.

GARDEN BOOK.

Dreer’s Annual Garden Book is conceded
to be the most complete and up-to-datecat-
alogue of garden goods, which coupled
with the immense amount of cultural in-
formation makes it indispensable to the
amateur as well asthe professional. Ifyou
are not on our mailing list, we will send
you a copy as soon as issued in January,
at which time we send it to our regular

This Sunshine |
‘ & Revelation-Box

Sent Free if you

pay the postage

: = ribbon-tied, like
a box of choicest Q. candy, we
offer these fourteen “ > delicious

C7" =.
) eG > Wes
@ \ A
c s ee AIG.
Specialties ~—

They are so entirely different from any
other biscuits baked in this country that
we want them to tell their own surprising,
toothsome and enticing story.

When you taste them you will readily believe that
they are made in the lightest, brightest and cleanest
bakery in the world. Literally baked in the sunshine—
in the “Bakery with a Thousand Windows.” The influence ofsunshine
is reflected everywhere in their delicate substance and delicious taste.

Just the things to serve with ice cream, chocolate or any bev-

erage. They solve the problem of the luncheon dessert, the
afternoon tea and the ‘‘evening bite.”
Send us 1U cents in stamps or coin (the postage alone costs
us nine cents/, with your name and address and the name
of your grocer, and this attractive Sunshine Revelation-Box
shown here will be sent free by return mail.

See that your grocer has a supply, so that you may be the first
to introduce these wonderfully delicious dainties to your friends.

ve
Joose Wires Biscurr (@. :Avevar seer
Bakers of Sunshine Biscuits

SDR ae een RO Ee

AN IDEAL LAWN TREE

customers without request.

One of the many features in the 1912
edition, is an extensive list of the latest in-
troductions in Vegetable and Flower Seeds,
a number of New Garden and Greenhouse
Plants, a dependable list of the very latest
and finest new Roses and a goodly number
of New and Rare Hardy Perennials, most
of which are obtainable only from us. To
be up-to-date, you must have a copy.
Please mention this magazine.

Decidedly ornamental, with a dense, perfect, half globular or umbrella-
shaped head, high on a straight, uprightstem. Very hardy; extensively used
in formal gardens and especially adapted for lawn planting —

Umbrella Tree (Catalpa Bungei)

will thrive in almost any soil, and is generally a most satisfactory tree to
plant. I make a specialty of Catalpa Bungei and other Shade Trees, Ever-
greens, Hardy Flowering Shrubs, Roses, Fruit Trees, etc., and grown in
New Jersey, with its soil and climate advantages, is ready to start growth
again anywhere, as soon as planted. Beautifully illustrated catalogue free.

STEELE’S POMONA NURSERIES

Palmyra, New Jersey

AS it AS nS AS N Xt AS XX,

wed an ralph ba

|
:
‘
;
;
;
;
Hy

THE COUNIRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK

nent CARCI RODE

whlk Va v7 rar var Na NON a ey A mn yas WAAL

JANUARY Pruning Dormant Fruit Trees
‘1912 Family of Boston Ferns Collecting Stonecrops
Vol. XIV. No. 6 Alkali Gardening Keeping Poultry

COUNTRY LIFE oie DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. e THE WORLD'S
IN AMERICA Chicago GARDEN CITY, N. Y. New York WORK

BOBBINK & ATKINS

World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products

Early Spring Planting and Interior Decoration

The proper way to buy is to see the material growing. We invite everybody interested in improving their
grounds to visit our Nursery when we shall gladly give our time, attention and any information desired. We
are growing the best Nursery Products in the market and when there are better grown, we shall grow

them. Our Nursery consists of upward of 300 acres of highly cultivated land, and is planted with a choice selection of
Ornamental Nursery Products, placing us in a position to complete plantings and fill orders of any size.

ROSES. We have several hundred thousand Roses.
Order now from our J|lustrated General Catalogue for
Spring Delivery.
RHODODENDRONS. Many thousands of acclimated
plants in Hardy English and American varieties are growing
in our Nursery.

EVERGREENS, CONIFERS AND PINES. More than 75

acres of our Nursery are planted with handsome specimens. |

Our plants are worth traveling any distance to see.

HARDY OLD FASHIONED PLANTS. We have thous-

ands of rare, new and old-fashioned kinds. Special |

prices on quantities.
DECIDUOUS TREES AND SHRUBS. Many
acres of our Nursery are planted with several hundred
thousand trees and shrubs. It is worth while to visit us
and inspect them.

LAWN GRASS SEED.° Our Rutherford Park Lawa Mix- |

ture has given satisfaction everywhere.

| BOXWOOD AND BAY TREES. We have thousands of

trees in many shapes and sizes.

PALMS, DECORATIVE PLANTS FOR CONSERVA-
TORIES, interior and exterior decorations are grown in
our 250,000 square feet of greenhouses.

TRAINED, DWARF AND ORDINARY FRUIT TREES
AND SMALL FRUITS. We grow these for all kinds of

orchards.

HARDY TRAILING AND CLIMBING VINES. We have

them for every place and purpose. Ask for special list.
ENGLISH POT-GROWN GRAPE VINES. For green-
house cultivation.
BULBS AND ROOTS. We import large quantities of Bulbs

and Roots from Japan, Holland, and other parts of Europe.

PLANT TUBS AND WINDOW BOXES. We manu-

facture every shape and size. Ask for special list.

OUR NEW GIANT FLOWERING MARSH MALLOW. Everybody should be interested in this Hardy New Fashioned Flower. It will grow
everywhere, and when in bloom is the Queen of Flowers in the garden. Blooms from the early part of July until the latter part of September.
OUR ILLUSTRATED GENERAL CATALOGUE No. 25 will tell you about the above and all our other products for decorating Lawns and Gardens
We Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Everywhere
THE GENERAL SUPERVISION OF PUBLIC GROUNDS AND PRIVATE ESTATES A SPECIALTY
VISITORS, take Erie Railroad to Carlton Hill, second stop on Main Line, 3 minutes’ walk to Nursery.

BOBBINK & ATKINS

Nurserymen, Florists and Planters

DREER’'S

GARDEN BOOK

TEE WRIING that can possibly interest the

garden enthusiast, from the person who loves to
utilize the city yard to the suburbanite with an elaborate
garden, is treated in this book.

Declared by a legion of American gardening enthusiasts—
amateur and professional—to be the finest and most complete
catalogue of seeds, plants and bulbs published. Has 288
pages. Splendid photo reproductions on each page. Four pages

Six ‘‘True Blue’’ Vegetable Specialties 25c Postpaid

RUTHERFORD, N. J.

Booklets and Ca
WillHelp You wy

in garden planning and making. |
We try to help planters by sup- |
plying “‘true blue” quality seeds
and dependable information
how to handle them. For many
years our 130 page catalog has
been considered a garden book
well worth having on account of
its squarestatements of facts, true
to nature illustrations and fair
prices. To supplement its neces-
\ sarily condensed culture direc-
3 tlons, we issue leaflets, booklets,
etc. You are welcome to the |.
catalog and any of the special | : e
booklets featured at the left, A: &—=———————

post card, stating which you

need, will bring them by return mail, with our compliments.

talog

are beautifully colored and six are made from duotone plates.

Full Directions Given

for the growing of almost every plant and seed. Among
the many American and European novelties this year, are the
Splendid Cardinal Climber, Asters, Sweet Peas, Zinnias, etc.

Complete lists of new plants, bulbs, garden and greenhouse
subjects — Fancy-leaved Caladiums, Cannas, Chrysanthe-
mums, Dahlias, Ferns, Gladiolus, ete. A large offering of
The World’s Best Roses—strong 2 year old plants, that will
give a full crop this season.

Dreer’s Garden Book for 1912 is not a mere catalogue,
but is a work of valuable garden information for everybody.
Write for it today. Mailed free.

You should try them to verify the
claims we-make for “‘true blue” seeds.
Every sort represents the best in its
class to date. Packets are of regular
size; collection comes to you postpaid.
Bean, Keeney’s Stringless Refugee
—Semi-round, green, stringless pods.
prolific and tender. One of the
best new sorts.

Beet, Crosby's Egyptian — Grows
guickly to good size. Rich, red,
tender and sweet.

Corn, Livingston’s Early Sugar —
Large, handsome ears with pearly
white kernels of finest flavor. 60%

of stalks carry two ears.

The Livingston Seed Co., 459 High Street, Columbus, O.

Lettuce, Livingston's Bon Ton—
Fine “cmly” sort with large, brittle
leaves of elegant quality.

Musk Melon, Livingston's Tip Top
—Salmon cclored, thick flesh of
sweet aromatic flavor.

Radish, Cincinnati Market — Long,
crisp roots of attractive color and
mild quality.

You could not get better sorts any-
where! Weuse them in our own
garden—a_ sign of how much faith
we have in their sterling qualities.
Try them. Send for this “*true blue”
Vegetable Collection, the Catalog
and’ your choice of booklets to-day!

JANUARY, 1912

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Q45

So Arar

=o Nie

oF

Have Celery

iL
for Hot-beds
and Cold-frames

all Winter

for Lettuce

Not An Inch From Zero
But Growing Finely

Between the two layers of glass in the Sunlight Double Glass Sash is
an air space 56 of an inch in thickness

This is the secret of the complete success of that sash
for hot-beds and cold frames.

Above the glass winter weather —
zero, perhaps.

Below the glass a bit of summer

With warm earth and plants grow-
ing like May — cabbage plants, per-
haps, or lettuce, radishes, beets,
violets, tomatoes, peppers, or any of
hundreds of species of vegetation —
anything that amateur or professional wants to keep
growing for pleasure, or food, or profit.

The violets may be plucked throughout the winter. Pansies
will bloom in late February or early March. Radishes and
lettuce will make several crops and furnish an almost constant
supply throughout the cold season. And cabbage, beet, tomato,
pepper, melon and other plants, properly timed, will grow stout
and ready to go into the open ground for an early crop.

You can have a bed like
this at little cost, and to
take care of it will re-
quire but little labor.

For the Sunlight Double Glass Sash is complete in
itself. It needs no mats nor boards. The only cover
needed is the air sealed between the two layers of glass
on the same principle as the thermos bottle. This
transparent cover is always where it belongs; it does not
have to be bought extra or to be put on every evening

Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co. |.

927 East Broadway, Louisville, Ky.

or taken off every morning. It weighs nothing and
cannot even be seen. But a raging blizzard cannot
penetrate it. It saves the plants from hurt but admits
the sun’s ray with their warmth.

Let us tell you more about how you can make a little
winter gardening a source of health, pleasure and profit
to you this winter. This is best told by expert gardeners,
state and national experiment station officials and
enthusiastic amateurs who have expressed their approval
of the Sunlight Double Glass Sash in terms quoted in
our literature. It is the best sash ever made and
gives the best results.

Tear off the coupon and send it to us today. We
will send one or both of these books: 1, Our com-
plete catalogue, free, 2, Prof. Massey’s booklet on
hot-beds and cold frames, if you enclose 4c. Be
sure to write your address plainly.

an BO ee io

et 2” Sunlight Double
ceten Glass Sash Co.
A Louisville, Ky
A -*” Gentlemen :—Please send me your
s*” free Catalogue and copy of Prof. Mas-
2% _ sey’s Booklet.

eo
?
aoe Name
>

eal Address

EE OE

Fk kN kk Yk,

The Readers’ Service gives
information about insurance

246

JANUARY, 1912

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

ses of New Castle

Are the most rugged, hardy Roses in America. They are just
the kind to plant to make your Rose Garden a success. The
soil here at New Castle is peculiarly adapted to Rose growing
—a fact that has had much to do with our success in grow-
ing only strong, vigorous and healthy Rose bushes. You will
be sucessful with your Rose Garden, too, if you plant the
Roses of New Castle, for they carry with them all the strength
and vigor imparted to them by our wonderful New Castle soil.

We grow and sell all the leading varieties of Roses, and plants are sent every-
where. We are headquarters for Hardy Perennials, Shrubs, miscellaneous
plants, summer flowering bulbs, flower and vegetable seeds. Safe arrival
guaranteed. Let us also explain to you our special plan of shipment which en-
sures the delivery of all goods free of charge.

Let us help you start right this year by showing you what roses to plant and
how to make them bloom luxuriously. You will find all the necessary informa-
tion in our beautiful Book for 1912, illustrated in colors, entitled

‘*The Roses of New Castle’’—Free!
Valuable

the famous rose book—It is the most beautiful book of its kind ever
issued, and it’s yours on request, absolutely free. A postal card will bring
a copy to you. Plan your Rose Garden now and send for this great book.

HELLER BROTHERS CoO.

Rose Specialists Box 121 New Castle, Indiana

Beautiful,

JEANNETTE HELLER
The Greatest Hardy Bush
Rose in the world

LET ME SEND YOU MY FREE BOOKLET

"STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT GROW

Also INSTRUCTIONS FOR PLANTING AND CULTURE
} of STRAWBERRY, RASPBERRY, BLACKBERRY,

CURRANT, GOOSEBERRY and GRAPE
PLANTS; also ASPARAGUS and RHUBARB ROOTS.
All Stock Warranted First-Class and True-to-Name or MONEY REFUNDED.
Cc. E. WHITTEN’S NURSERIES BOX 10, BRIDGMAN, MICHIGAN.

Send for Photo Pictures and prices of | THE READERS’ SERVICE. gives

our beautiful roses. FREE. : : ae
PARK ROSE GARDENS Mtenme, Pa, information about gardening.

LIGHT UP!

You can transform any kerosene (coal oil) lamp or lantern into dazzling brilliancy with
our wonderful Bright Light Burmer. 50 candle power invisible and unbreakable
Steel Mantle. Brighter than electricity, better than gas or gasoline, and perfectly
safe. No generating — simply light like any kerosene lamp. Nothing to get out of order.
Positively will not smoke or flicker.

AGENTS WANTED EVERYWHERE. Sells like wildfire. An opportunity

of a life time, work all or spare time. Experience un-
necessary. Make big money — be independent. Write today. Act quick— territory going
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Saving a Small Lawn

F° many years, I heavily top dressed my lawn
with manure each fall hoping thereby to
supply the requisite amount of nutriment neces-
sary to insure a thick growth of beautifully green

grass, during the summer months. There evidently
was much benefit derived from this treatment, for
my lawn was certainly beautiful. A year ago I
applied the usual fall dressing but, figuring that if
a little was good a lot would be proportionately
better, I overdid it and heaped on the dressing,
leaving it on until very late in the spring. The
result was disastrous. The grass killed out in large
spots and the general appearance of the whole place
was thin and sickly.

I was anxious to repair the damage as speedily
as possible but was undecided as to the best method
to pursue. I was advised by an old gardener to
feed the ground according to his directions and
immediate results would follow. This feeding
consisted of driving one and a half inch holes in the
ground about three feet apart and about ten inches
deep. Into these holes were to be put various
fertilizers as the land most needed. I madea
series of holes all over the place and put into them
hard wood ashes, bone meal, sheep manure. Twice
as much wood ashes were used as of the bone meal
or sheep manure. Each hole, after filling, was
plugged up with a piece of sod. After the filling
of the holes I thoroughly soaked the ground,
the water running for hours from the hose lying
on the grass. Then I rolled and rerolled the lawn.
T cut the grass as often as possible and kept up the |
watering and rolling. In a very short time results
began to show. About each hole that held fer-
tilizer the grass began to grow thick and very
green. The effect was at first spotty but in a very
short time the improved condition spread to the
whole place and by the middle of the summer
the whole lawn was in as good condition as it had
even been in. To the combination of fertilizing,
rolling, watering and cutting I attribute the
speedy and satisfactory restoration of my grass
plot but I am also convinced that lacking any
one of the factors the results would not have
been the same.

No fertilizers will be necessary for years and when
necessary they will be applied as outlined above.
This treatment of holeshas improved the me-
chanical condition of the soil and makes possible
the giving of any kind of treatment the ground
may require.

I am convinced that it is a great mistake to put
manure on a lawn in the fall. If the soil is good
you can get all the results you are looking for by
the use of commercial fertilizers and not only get
the results but get them much better than by the
use of manure. In making over land work in the
manure but don’t put it on the top in the fall.

Massachusetts. PrercivaL Moore.

The Tufted Pansy

IN” that the tufted pansy at last is coming
into its own in this country, it is well for all
gardeners to know that choice colors of this beau-
tiful flower may be kept in the family by cuttings.
Cut the plants close to the ground, and when the
new shoots have pushed up a little way, work some
fresh soil around and, if watered well, they will
form roots. Part of the rooted shoots may be
detached and planted in a shady spot to grow
until needed for the border in the autumn. The
remainder will bloom soon if left where they are.
—C.F G.

JANUARY, 1912

GREGORY’

SEEDS

Have anold-fashioned flowergarden—choicestselec-
tions—90 cents’ worth postpaid 25e, coin or stamps.

Aster, Fancy Mixture, . 10c. Bachelor Button, Pinest,. . . 10c.
Pansy, Fancy Mixture, . 15c. Petunias, Hybrid, . ... . lbdc.
Coreopsis, Mixture, . . 5c. Candytuft,...... eo hitch
Poppy, Double Mixed, . 10c, Nasturtium,Dwarf,Minest Mixed, 5c.
Mignonette, Large, . . 10c. Sweet Peas, ExtraMixed. . . 5c.
All are Gregory’s Honest Seed—more than willing you
should judge us by what these do for you.
For Honest Seed for Flower or Vegetable
Garden get our new 1912 catalog. Gets
better each year. Write for copy today.

5 J. J.H. GREGORY & SON
96 Elm St., Marblehead, Mass. Pa

Southeastern Farm Lands

Fertile lands in the Southern States
from $10 to $50.an acrewith abundant
rains and. most favorable conditions
for diversified farming. Beef and
pork produced at 3 to 4 cents a pound.
Long grazing season and great diver-
sity of forage crops makes this possi-
ble. Openings for dairymen unexcelled.
Apple orchards pay from $100 to $500
anacre. It’s to your advantage to in-
vestigate these many opportunities.
WRITE

M. V. Richards, Land and Industrial Agent
Southern Ry., Room 43, Washington, D.C.

The Readers’ Service gives
ale H E G A R D E N M A G A Z, I N 13; informabon "NoaE Aap oe Q47

“Ralph E. Huntington’”’

on your shipping tag stands for all that is best in
f EN

=

Beautify Your
Grounds

Roses, flowering plants and vines for sale,
also 500,000 apple, pear, plum, peach,
cherry, quince and shade trees. Green’s
roses, shrubs, vines and fruit trees are
used to beautify many magnificent es-
tates. Their symmetrical shapes, the de-
licious fruits they bear and excellent shade
they afford, combine to make them the

most desirable trees for the modest
home or palatial country estate.

Greens Irees

DIRECT T0.YoU.
WE SELL DIRECT TO THE CONSUMER

We have no agents or solicitors. We save you all
middlemen’s profits. You get absolutely the best
trees money can buy at one-half what agents ask.

SEND FOR GREEN’S FREE 1912 CATALOG.

It tells you how to plant
and care for your trees,
and gives other valuable

Aves’ ) the flower

garden.

Specialists

in flowering
seed bulbs
and plants,

We offer

our own

well known

production
together
with the
world — fa-
mous ones

oan of Kelway,

information. If you send
Catalogue R R now, at once, you will also
Is oemer, uys, Bet PEC ECS “Thirty
tf :
Free Routzahn Mette, and Powe Hey Ge

Herb.

RALPH E. HUNTINGTON
PAINESVILLE, OHIO

Est.33 years. Capital $100,000.

GREEN’S NURSERY CO.
Box 7 ,Rochester, N. Y.

Dwarf Fruit Trees —

for small yards are our special- :
ty. This year, and at this time,
we offer a most comprehensive
choice. Itis complete now.

Knowing our regular prod-
uct — trees, shrubs, hedge
plants, roses, perennials andall
—to be ofthe highest quality,
we wish to tell you about it
more fully. Send for a KREE
Catalogue. Although you are
flooded with nursery catalogues
at this season, we have one of
unusual interest to send by
return mail. Write—

The Michigan Nursery, Inc.
Winkworth & Sons
MONROE, Michigan
We have been established over 60 years

WANTED

Experienced gardener to take charge of private
estate in Indiana. Must be competent to handle
both greenhouse and outside work. Best references
required. Address.

PITKIN & WEINRICHTER
Cutler Building ROCHESTER, N. Y.

John Burroughs
says:

“‘T have been reading and enjoying Mr. Dyer’s
volume “The Richer Life.’ He preaches a good
wholesome vital doctrine. He uses both parable
and precept and he uses them well. His par-
ables are picturesque and entertaining and his
precepts have point and force: Rarely does
such an unpretentious volume hold so much of
the wisdom of life. I hope it will find its way
into the hands of thousands of our young people.’’

John Burroughs.

The Richer Life

By Walter A. Dyer
qf A Lay Preachment
for Every-day Folk

Net, $1.00 (postage 10c.). Special Gift Edition in
Limp Leather, Net, $1.50 (postage 15c.)

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.
GARDEN CITY :: Ee oy : NEW YORK

Three Things You Need

FIRST: The only Sanitary method of caring
for garbage, deep in the ground in metal
receiver holding heavy galvanized bucket
with bail. No freezing, no odor. Avoid the
battered can and scattered refuse resulting
from removal of frozen contents. Health
demands it.

DIRT

out of the

Opens with the Voot

Petey; Underground Garbage Receiver
Pre STE onENSON ) Underfloor Refuse Receiver
DS (Spiral Truss Ribbed Ash Barrel

You cant “strain”
it out—keep it out.

One milk pail and only one will
doit. Milk goesthroughthestrain-
er cloth into the pail, untainted,
while the dirt shelf catches all the dirt from the udders and
handling in the

Sterilac Milk Pail

(Try it 10 Days Free)j

You will never give it up if you try it, The only sanitary
milk pail that has the approval of all dairymen, Heavy, well
made, the proper height, just the right ‘“‘set,” easy to pour
milk out of, easy to clean, and above all, it keeps milk pure.
Best way to keep milk from souring, surest way to keep out of
trouble with Boards of Health and Milk Commissions, ard
get a reputation for pure milk. Price $2.50 prepaid. Order
direct if dealer doesn’t have it. Simply return at our ex-
pense if not satisfactory. Circular free.

STERILAC COMPANY, 2 Merchants Row, Boston, Mass.

Freon weet

SECOND: This clean, convenient
way of disposing of ashes from fur-
nace or hot water heater, cellar and
yard refuse. Fireproof. Flush with
floor. Abolish the old ash barrel.

THIRD: The Stephenson Spiral Truss
Ribbed Ash Barrel has
no unsanitary corruga-
tions forrefusetoclng == —

to. It is so constructed Easy Lo sweep into
that it has the great-

est strength and durability without excessive
weight. Nine years in practical use. It
pays to look us up.

Sold direct. Send for Circulars on each

Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr.
40 Farrar Street Lynn, Mass.

We sell best quality trees, shrubsand plants at Jowest ricesand PAY FREIGHT, *
Rochester is the tree center of the world, and plants from this locality are always
healthy and hardy. nay pie

Write to-day for our wonderful new catalogue containing a big list of unequalled nur-
sery offers. A copy of this book should bein every planter’s hands- Our low prices will
save you money. All orders evaranteed. Don’t buy till you’ve read this catalogue,
WRITE TO-DAY. RICH LAND NURSERIES, Box 115, Rochester, N. Y.

Rochester is the tree center of the world,

DON’T BUILD

You can buy better, cheaper, more complete ready (factory) made hen-houses, roosting and nesting fixtures,
oe OS HOUSE ¥ coops, etc., from Potter & Co., because they have been making these goods for ten years and know how.

Complete : Convenient : Sanitary

Potter Portable Houses and Fixtures have these good points, as
thousands of users testify. Potter goods are Ar in quality ana low
in price. They are made for a purpose and save you time and labor
in your poultry work.
Satisfaction Guaranteed — when you buy our goods. They
are made right and do please our custemers. No lice and mites
when you use our vermin-proof roosts and nests. For your own
pleasure and profit and for the sake of your hens, you cannot
afford to be without Potter fixtures.
Our Two Catalogues — (136 pages, 150 illustrations) on port-
i able houses and coops, fixtures, feed hoppers, trap nests, feeds
Tae Z = and supplies ofall kinds at lowest prices, will interest you.
Potter Portable Poultry Houses Mailed for two red stamps to cover postage. Write today and :
Style “A”. 5—8x10 foot house, complete be convinced that Potter Poultry Products are for particular = See
with 8-foot Potter outfit, $40. Many other poultry people. We also make portable auto houses. Catalogue No. 36, 5-foot two-perch Potter outfit, price
styles and sizes. mailed on request. $5. Made in resizes.

POTTER & COMPANY BOX 22 DOWNERS GROVE, ILLINOIS

A $5 Hennery Outfit

248

With Brush

and Pencil

MR. ARTHUR RACKHAM has been recog-
nized for some years as perhaps the foremost living
illustrator. of imaginative and poetic works. His
Grimms’ Fairy Tales was welcomed delightedly on
two sides of the Atlantic. Last year his Holiday book
was the Rheingold and Valkyrie, and he now
completes the Ring by a companion volume, Sieg-
fried and Gotterdammerung. It will give youa
new conception of the great Wagnerian classic.

Grimms’ Fairy Tales: New Popular Edition.
Illustrated. Net, $1.50 (postage 15c.). Regular
Edition, net $6.00 (postage 50c.) Rheingold
and Valkyrie, Siegfried and Gotterdam-
merung: Each beautifully illustrated in full
colors and black and white. Boxed, net, $5.00.
Edition de Luxe limited to 100 copies, net,
$15.00 (postage 30c.).

O. HENRY knew how to tell a story. He put
into The Gift of the Wise Men the reai spint of
Christmas giving—that’s what makes the tale so worthy
of appearing as a Holiday book. Relyea has caught
the genuine sentiment in his pictures and the whole
expresses very delightfully the idea that fills most of us
at this season of the year.

Illustrated in colors and decorated by Charles
M. Relyea. Fixed price 50c. (postage 8c.)

Our “‘contemporary ancestors,’ as some one has
aptly called them, are the Southem mountain folk
among whom ALICE MORGAN places her Christ-
mas story, The Boy Who Brought Christmas.
“Grover Cleveland,” the boy in the case, is as winning
a little chap as you will find in a day’s reading.
There are four very attractive plates in full colors to
add charm to the volume.

Illastrated in colors by John Edwin Jackson.
Fixed price, 50c. (postage 8c.).

Nowhere, says a reviewer, has ERNEST
THOMPSON SETON’S double talent for writing
and illustrating shown to such good purpose. And itis
really difficult to imagine a boy who will not be fascin-
ated by this tale of the outdoor adventures of a boy
scout as told in Rolf in the Woods.

Full page illustrations and many marginal

drawings by the author. Fixed price, $1.75
(postage 15c.).

STEWART EDWARD WHITE'S name no
doubt suggests for most of us The Riverman.
Well, in his last book, The Adventures of Bobby
Orde, Mr. White takes up the story of the River-
man’s son Bobby, and a more engaging little chap
could hardly be found. These two books and The
Rules of the Game, though quite independent of one
another, are yet a sort of trilogy of the Ordes, father
andson. Any one who enjoyed The Rwerman will
like these other tales. The Cabin, by the same
author, has proved to be one of the most popular of
Mr. White's books on the great out-of-doors.

The Adventures of Bobby Orde: Illustrated.
Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12c.). The Rules
of the Game: Illustrated. Fixed price, $1.40
(postage 15c.). The Cabin: Illustrated. Fixed
price, $1.50 (postage 15c.).

PUBLISHED BY THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS

Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City, New York

For information about popular resorts
write to the Reader’s Service

THE GARDEN

ques of the
Binder’s Room

There is a very human and appealing qual-
ity about the essays on things rustic by DAVID
GRAYSON. Perhaps it is not quite accurate
to call Adventures in Friendship and Adven-
tures in Contentment essays —in the bald
sense of the term; they are not stilted or for-
mal, but are so many vignettes of rural life,
full of humor and pathos and heart’s-ease for
city-tired folk. A fragrant limp leather bind-
ing and two charrning plates in full colors by
Thomas Fogarty make these two books ideal
Holiday gifts.

Uniformly bound in flexible leather and illus-
trated in full colors and in black and white by
Thomas Fogarty. Boxed, each $1.50 (post-
age 15c.)

MISS ELLEN GLASGOW, in her Miller
of Old Church, has drawn a picture of the
new South. She traces the effect of the leaven
of democratic principles in a State where
traditions are all aristocratic, and in the Mil-
ler of Old Church she finds the representative
of the newer, order. Her characters are flesh
and blood and you step into their world at
the turn of the first page. It is these con-
vincing qualities of realness and naturalness
which give Miss Glasgow's tales their in-
dividuality and charm.

Decorated wrapper. Fixed price, $1.35 (post-
age 12c.)

The two books by GRACE S. RICHMOND
which have made such a universal appeal,
On Christmas Day in the Morning and On
Christmas Day in the Evening, are now
issued in a limp leather Holiday edition.
They have page decorations throughout and
illustrations in full colors. Mrs. Richmond
has added a new volume to her list this year
in Strawberry Acres, a charming home story
for younger readers.

On Christmas Day in the Morning. On Christ-
mas Day in the Evening: Uniformly bound
with illustrations in colors and _ decorated
pages by Charles M. Relyea. Bound in boards,
each, fixed price, 50c.; in leather, each,
fixed price, $1.00 (postage 10c.). Strawberry
Acres: Illustrated. Fixed price, $1.20 (post-

age 12c.).

Two most attractive books for younger
readers are The Talking Beasts, a new
volume in The Crimson Classics, edited by
KATE DOUGLAS WIGGIN and NORA
ARCHIBALD SMITH, a series of which the
literary excellence has never been surpassed ;
and The Further Adventures of Nils, a
sequel to that first fairy book by SELMA
LAGERLOF which many have declared to be
the best thing since Hans Christian Andersen.

The Talking Beasts, a book of Fable Wisdom
for Children. A new volume in “‘The Crim-
son Classics Series.’’ Illustrated. Net, $1.25
(postage 12c.). Further Adventures of Nils,
being a sequel to ““The Wonderful Adventures
of Nils.’’ Illustrated. Fixed price, $1.20
(postage 12c.).

MAGAZINE

JANUARY, 1912

STUDY FA RMING

Why not learn the improved methods of intensive scientific agriculture
at home? Youshould learn all ahout our fine proposition, Faculty and
Courses — Truck, Small-Farm Course, General Farming,
Poultry, Fruit, Stock, ete. Write today which line of farming
interests you and get particiilars and

VALUABLE BOOKLET FREE—‘“‘How to Make the Farm Pay More”
More profit for the farmer. A safe way out for the city man, or woman.

; Students the world over. Easy terms

American Farmers’ School, 122 Laird Bldg., Minneapolis, Minn.

FRUIT TREES

We have the nicest lot of guaranteed fruit trees you ever
saw —apples, plums, cherries, pears, peaches. All grown
in the north, hardy, healthy, absolutely free from scale.
And they’re all going to be sold at bargain prices.

We Do Not Sell Through Agents

No need_of your paying agents’ commissions and ex-
penses. Buy direct from the nursery. We save you
about half the price agents charge.

Get Our Nursery Book

Tells how to plant trees, shrubs, vines, etc. Tells how
to care for them, when and how to spray. Gives a fund
of information and quotes prices that are bound to interest
you. We prepay the freight on orders of $5 or more,

ALLEN L. WOOD, Woodlawn Nurseries
628 Culver Road, Rochester, N. Y.

Wonderful Fall Bearing
Strawberries These new berries are a great

success. They bear feuit every

LN " fall as well as spring, three crops in two
a years. They have yielded as high as

Io,000 qts. to acre in Aug., Sept. and
Oct. of first year with us. We cannot
get enough fruit to supply demand
at 25c per quart wholesale. I know
of nothing in the fruit line quite so
profitable. We are headquarters for
plants. Catalogue, which fully de-
scribes and pictures them, sent free.

Address;

Box 229, Pulaski, N. Y.

‘ig J. Farmer,

Es Plans For Advice On aaa

Orchard,Garden,F orest

Personal service by letter. While winter obtains, mature your gar-
den plans. If you take real interest in gardening, you will take

an expert gardener into ve GARRETT M. STACK

confidence. Our mail service HORTICULTURISTS
simplifies this. Write STILL RIVER, CONN.

There’s Money in Poultry

Our Home Study Course in Practical Poultry
Culture under Prof, Chas. K. Graham, late of the
Connecticut Agricultural College, teaches how to
make poultry pay.

Personal instruction. Expert Advice.
250 Page Catalogue free. Write to-day.

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. P., Springfield, Mass.

PEAS and SOY

CO make big yields. Un- BE AN
surpassed for soiling,

hay, or fertilizer. Will grow anywhere corn does.

We are cow pea and soy bean specialists. Ask us

about seed, planting, harvesting, etc. Booklet free.

Write for it today.
HICKORY SEED CO.

102 Trade St. Hickory, N. C.

~ THE FARM LIBRARY _

containing: “Soils,” ‘‘Farm Animals,” ‘Farm Management,’’ “‘Cotton,”’ Each
illustrated from photographs, Books sold separately at $2.20 per vol. postpaid.

Doustepay, Pace & Co., GARDEN City, N. Y.

me falsshatbaatestestid
fl PETG TS

Prof. Graham.

3

jaar

ti

rata

aii

and more durable than wood; for Lawns, Churches, Cemeteries,
enie sGyonndat Ornamental Wire Fence, Farm and Poultry Fence,
Catalog free. Ask for Special Offer.
THE WARD FENCE CO. Box 990, DECATUR, IND.

JANUARY, 1912

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

TWELVE YEARS OLD, 1900-1912

Doubleday, Page & Company are twelve
years old this month, having begun to harass
an indulgent public on the eternal question
of buying books on the first day of the new
century, a little more than a busy decade
ago. We began with no books, no maga-
zines, and a conviction that the country
needed a new publishing house, and
that we were the people to build it.
In these twelve years we have issued
some thirteen hundred different vol-
umes. They have not, every one of
them, done as well as we had hoped,
but the great majority have been
extremely successful. We have
printed and sold of these books
something like 7,000,000 copies, be-
ginning in 1900 with a few hundred
thousand, and ending in ro1r with
nearly two million volumes for the
year; and during the same period we
have made many million magazines.

During these years we have had
pleasant relations with a majority of
the most popular authors of our day,
the alphabet being well represented
all the way from George Ade to
Emile Zola. Many of these books
are known and read all over the
world. Twelve years is not a long
time to bring together a representa-
tive list of books and authors; older
houses have had the great advantage of friend-
ly connections with many famous writers
before we began business. We have not
planned nor tried to break the relations
which existed before we came into existence,
yet through the favorable consideration of
our author friends, we have, we think, a
list which stands a fair comparison with the
majority of publishing houses, and solely
because so many writers have been found
who were glad to encourage a young house.

In October, 1910, we moved from New
York to Garden City, and began to make
books and magazines in a forty acre garden.
Next to deciding, against the advice of almost
all of our friends, to go into the publishing busi-
ness at all, this move to the country was the
best thing we ever did, and we received the
same Punch’s advice that we did about going

into business — Don’t. We are glad we did
both things, even against the fears of friends.

In January, t911, we actually began to
bind a few books at Garden City, and in the
whole month we averaged a few hundred a
day. At the end of the year we were making
10,000 a day and twice as many magazines.

of our friends, Philip Wilcox, from a Wright biplane

Gradually every part of book and magazine
making has been developed in this building
at Garden City. We set the type by that
wonderful machine, the Monotype (we can
set a book every day in the year); our pho-
tographers make many of the pictures,
and our photo-engraving department makes
the black and white plates for printing them, as
well as the magazine covers and book illustra-
tions in color. It is a difficult art to develop,
but one which we think the covers of the
magazines show that we have fairly well
mastered. We even make the brass dies for
the book bindings in the shop.

Some of the books are compiled and pre-
pared in the building, and the newest depart-
ment is devoted to binding books in leather.
We hope that the Country Life Press bindings
may yet become favorably known.

The Country Life Press from an aeroplane 700 feet above the ground, taken by one

Early in the new year the temporary station
will make way for a permanent one on our own
grounds. It will appear on the time-tables
as “Country Life,” and will be about half
way between Garden City and Hempstead.

The year has brought about 750 people
together at the Country Life Press; we have

= received and mailed something like
7,000,000 pieces of mail matter, and
paid into the Garden City Postoffice
more than $70,000 in the twelve
months for postage. The Govern-
ment has established its own postal
station in the building, so that letters
and magazines go each night into our
own mail car, filled during the day as
it stands on our track at the door;
and, like the rest of the Hempstead
branch, this track of the Long Island
Railroad is electrified by the third
rail all the way to the Pennsylvania
Station at 33d Street, New York. We
have our own Western Union Tele-
graph office, direct trunk telephone
wires to the New York office, a sys-
tem of over fifty branch telephone
stations in New York and Garden
City.

In the big station at 33d Street, by
the way, we have the little Book
Shop, where our magazines, and the
books of all publishers, are sold.

So many people have asked us how the
plan of moving into the country has worked,
that we have bored our readers with
these particulars, yet the interest shown
by many thousand visitors has led us to write
and print a little book about it, a very
imperfect affair, which we will some day re-
make for a more effective description; but we
shall be glad to send the present pamphlet
to any interested friends for the asking.

In New York at 11 West 32d Street, two
blocks from the Pennsylvania Station, we
have the city trade book department, and the
advertising departments for our magazines,
and we have advertising department offices
in Boston, Cleveland and Chicago.

A happy and prosperous New Year to all
the patient readers of The Talk of the Office.

—DovuBLepDay, PAGE & Co.

The Reqders’ Service will aid y
250 tn plesnine SOU ULAHOW TED THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JANUARY, 1912

INGE_E. Roses

are the best grown, the sturdiest and freest blooming. All lovers of Roses, all successful growers,
invariably plant Dingee Roses, because of their wonderful, sturdy, lusty growth, and the little care
required to grow them. Just give them a place to bloom, and you will be richly rewarded with a
4 profusion of Roses.

. The name “Dingee” guarantees quality in Roses. It is your assurance of getting sturdy hardy plants,
warranted to grow and bloom. Our large acreage of the finest Rose land in the country, and the
““Dingee methods” of production enable us to grow Roses such as cannot be had else-
where. Sixty-one years of experience has taught us how.

Dingee Roses are always sold on their own roots —the only way a rose should be grown. We pre-
pay all express charges under a special plan explained in our book, and deliver growing plants
free to your door, no matter where you live, with safe arrival guaranteed. While our specialty
is Roses, we also grow all other flowers worth while — Carnations, Chrysanthemums, Violets,
Perennials, Shrubs and Vines, etc. We sell also the finest varieties of Flower and Vegetable Seeds.

of America, entitled

DINGEE ROSES

Or, New Guide to Rose Culture for 1912, FREE

There is no other book about Roses that compares with it. Magnificently illustrated in colors, this
beautiful book of 106 pages gives special prices and tells all about these famous Dingee Roses — nearly
1,000 kinds —and all other desirable plants and seeds, and how to grow them. Send for a copy at
once, and if you will buy Dingee Roses and follow the directions given you will succeed in making your
Rose Garden the envy of your neighbors.

THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., Box 137, West Grove, Penna.

Established 1850 ae 70 Greenhouses
The leading and oldest Rose Growers of America

CHARLES DINGEE. the mast

wonderful Hardy Garden Rose Grown,

(Dutch Bulbs /

DISTINCTIVs
SEED Ste

Catalog

is now on press—write for, it to-day if you want the newest
European introductions of proven merit.

The man with “only a grass plot” wants it to In Dahlias our introductions have won leading prizes at
all the great European flower shows—in Decorative Dahlias

ae a best. d a the distinctive mixtures : and Paeony Dahlias we list varieties that have proven their

grass seeds that have produced the finest advantages under American conditions, which are not offered in
lawns in America, from the White House Grounds any other catalog. The Mignon Dahlias and Dwarf Paeony
at Washington, to the fine turf at the Portland, Dahlias introduced by us are invaluable for bedding and cutting.

Oregon, Exposition Grounds —
ei In Roses we list and describe the finest Holland-grown,

Michell’s Grass Seeds a 2-year-old stock and the finest of the new roses introduced in

Se AE Europe in 1911.
If you want a distinctive lawn, flower garden or success- .

ful vegetables, write to-day for this free catalog. Every jam On many bulbs and roots you will find it to your advan-
one of its 196 pages is brimful of vital facts. Tells [im tage to buy direct from our Dutch Nurseries. Get catalog at
about our $250 prize offer. Lae once and order early to insure shipment.
HENRY F. MICHELL COMPANY Gt. Van Waveren & Kruijff
520 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pa. American Branch House, 140 North 13th Street
7 LOUIS BERGER, Mer. PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Write to-day for a copy of the greatest of Rose Books ever published, the leading Rose Catalogue

JANUARY, 1912 PAE GARDEN MAGAZINE Q51

Comma DEsiCN—(CURISTMAS ROSE (Helleborus mger) ~ - = - - -- = - =-'+ ='s‘= =.= = = = -~ = = = Wathan R. Graves
PAGE PAGE
Won HAve A GARDEN - -"= - - . - - = = = = 253 Wein HOUSEKEEPER, = = = 2) ebm = = B76

- f Photographs by Mary H. Northend
Tue “Fun’”’ oF Cotrectine Stonecrops, I. Wilhelm Miller 254 :

Photographs by F. Mason Good and E. J. Wallis FALL VS. SPRING PLANTING AGAIN - - - Chas. von Weller 272
MakING A GARDEN IN ALKAtI LAND - Mrs. E. H. Plowhead 258

Bee ete ached A NOTE FROM A SUFFRAGETTIE- - - - - - - A.L.T. 272

THE VALUEOF A GARDENIN KEEPING Pouttry J. Mace Andress 260 Mix Your Own FertinizerR - - - - - O.A.Spencer 272
Photograph and drawing by the author

PLANNING THE GARDEN - - - - - - Thomas J. Steed 274

AN INTERESTING Famity or House Ferns - Leonard Barron 261

Photograph by the author
Photograph by Arthur G. Eldredge

BEGINNING A Fruit GARDEN - - - - - W.C.McCollom 264 TTB BLOM as OLS Se Bra Ui lS oars
a Z Photograph by the author
Drawings by the author; photograph by W. H. Jenkins

PruninG Dormant Fruit TREES- - - - W.4H. Jenkins 265 A NBL BCID PRIMROSE» “sc Se = bn Hea 280
Photograph by Mary H. Northend Photograph by D. M. Andrews

CHILDREN’S GARDENS EVERYWHERE - - Ellen Eddy Shaw 267 Witp Flowers In Texas - - - - - - - R.O. Allen 282
Photograph by Louise Klein Miller

} at INOZES BOR) ELOWER)|GROWDRS) 9-7 =)0=) =) =) = ne 288
READERS’ EXPERIENCE CLUB Sn cade ork SI CU to 269 Photographs by A. G. Eldredge, I°. A. Walter and others

SUBSCRIPTION: °
$r.50 a year

For Foreign Postage

CopyrIGHT, 1911, By DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY madicce:

Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879
F. N. DoustepaAy, President WALTER H. Pace, Hersert S. Houston, Vice-Presidents H. W. Lanter, Secretary S. A. Everitt, Treasurer

Single copies 15 cts. For Canada add 35c.

SWEET PEA QUARTET
Plant Them This Year~

LANT these wonderful Sweet Peas that Tom Balton—dark maroon, waved. BODDINGTON’S 1912 GARDEN GUIDE

won for Mrs. Frazar the thousand As you see them illustrated here, theyaremuch which contains a description of the competition.
pound sterling prize at the great London reduced in size. This Guide i is a decided departure from the usual
contest held last July, in the Crystal Palace. Why don’t you stir up some friendly competition so-called “‘Seed Catalog.’ It was written by
Won against the keenest kind of competition with your neighbors this year with this quartet. successful gardeners who have the love of flowers
of over 10,000 exhibitors. By a special Here is our offer, which is backed up by Bod- in them— gardeners who know.
arrangement, we have secured a stock of these dington’s Seal of Quality—and you know what The “‘tell you how” cultural directions are espe-
prize winning varieties, which are : that means. Buy your seeds now and plant them cially fine—no elaborate discouraging directions—
Paradise Carmen—clear, lovely carmine, waved. early—the earlier, the better. just common sense advice, like your neighbor tells
Constance Oliver — delicate pink, suffused with 1 packet each of the above four prize winners for $ .35 you over the back fence. If you want ‘this Guide
cream, waved. 3 collections or twelve packets in all, for. . 1.00 and not the Sweet Pea Quartet. we will gladly send
Arthur Unwin—rose shaded with cream, waved. Postpaid with each order we will send you it to you free, postpaid, just the same.

BODDINGTON SEEDS Arthur T. Boddington, 340 West 14th Street NEW YORK

eS Write to the Readers’ Servi
252 for sfovmnasion about Tie ieee T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E

JANUARY, 1912

The High Cost of Living The Unknown Quantity

Secretary Wilson recently made a statement to the
effect that practically all the advanced prices which make
up the increased cost of living go to the many handlers be-
tween the producing farmer and the consumer.

You can solve your own problem of the “High Cost of Liv-
ing” by becoming a Producer. With a proportionately very
small expense for seeds and fertilizers, a small tract of ground,
even so small a tract as 25 x 50 feet can be made to produce all
the vegetables an average family uses in a season. You do
not have to share the profits of your own garden with job-
bers, middlemen or retailers.

To get the best results it is necessary to get the best seeds.
Every packet of Henderson’s seeds that is sold has behind it the
experience of 64 years of successful seed growing and selling.
The methods of seed testing and trials that were the best three
generations ago, have been improved and bettered by us from
year to year and are, to-day still the best. ‘The initial cost of

the seeds is really the smallest cost of your gar-
den and it pays to be sure you have started
right. Hende son’s are Tested Seeds.

SPECIAL OFFER

Our 1912 Catalogue—Everything for the Garden

A book of 204 pages, over 800 illustrations, color
plates, etc., will be mailed on receipt of 10 cents. In
addition we will send our Garden Guide and Record,
and our collection of 6 Hendersons’ Specialties, in a
coupon envelope, which will be accepted as 25 cents
on any order of one dollar or over.

In planting a Garden, whether large or small, the initial
cost of the seeds themselves is by far the smallest item of
expense.

Good soil with water and sun, will produce crops if the
unknown quantity, that is, the quality of the seeds, is also
good.

The thousands of dollars that are expended each year by
Peter Henderson & Co. in their exhaustive tests and trials
are spent to reduce this unknown quantity to such a mini-
mum that it is removed almost entirely.

In buying Henderson’s seeds you are buying seeds that
have been tested and tried and have been found up to the
Henderson Standard, a Standard which is not exceeded by
any seed house in the world. In planting your Garden it
pays to start right and you can be sure that there is no un-

known quantity in your Garden if you
use Henderson’s Seeds. Henderson’s are
Tested Seeds.

Our Garden Guide and Record

This hand-book which will be sent without extra
charge to all sending for our catalogue under our
Special Offer, is one of the most valuable of our many
publications. It has concise and complete cultural
tables, planting instructions, cooking receipts, per-
sonally selected by Mrs. Rorer, for all vegetables, in
fact a comprehensive garden hand-book.

Peter Henderson & Co.

35-37 Cortlandt Street
New York

Peter Henderson & Co.

35-37 Cortlandt Street
New York

Lily of Valley rrr:

Mossfiber

You will be highly pleased
and enjoy the process of
watching those fragrant
exquisite blossoms grow in
your own home. No leak-
age—no damage to polish-
ed surfaces, as the Valley
pips can be grown without

AFRICAN ORANGE DAISY
No Garden Should Be Without “=

A rare and extremely showy annual from
drainage in the Mossfiber; Namaqualand, South Africa, ofvery easy culture.
the same as Hyacinths, The plants of neat branchy habit, grow about
Narcissus, Crocus, Jon- 12 to 15 inches high and are exceedingly pro-
fuse in flowering. Its Marguerite-like blossoms,
216 to 234 inches in diameter under proper culti-
Full directions with every vation, show a unique glossy rich orange-gold,
order sent out “How to suc- with dark-colored disc surrounded by a black
ceed in growing the bulbs.” zone. It produces its pretty flowers very early
after being planted out in the open ground in My,
sunny situations and will continue to flower dur- NSA |
ing the summer. Plant in soil not over rich. SAU

quils, Lilies, etc.

6 Lily of Valley pips and
Mossfiber to grow same $0.35

12 Lily of Valley pips and
Mossfiber to grow same .65

20 Lily of Valley pips and
Mossfiber to growsame 1.00

We will mail a packet of this superb annual and a copy
of our beautifully illustrated catalogue, 144 large pages
—the best seed book published in America—for only

| 10c., stamps or coin. Write to-day.

CATALOGUE READY JANUARY IST.
J. M. THORBURN & CO.

(Dept G.)
33 Barclay Street and 38 Park Place, New York

Delivery included in price

now orour Ideal Spring Garden Book jinthy soth

H. H. BERGER & CO.

7O Warren St. New York

The G

VoL. XIV—No. 6

PUBLISHED MONTHLY

[For the purpose of reckoning dates, New York is
generally taken asastandard. Allow six days’ difference
for every hundred miles of latitude.

I Will Have a Garden

yey ten days at most from the
day you read this the New Year will
have arrived —the time for “good resolu-
tions.” It has come to be regarded as
little more than a joke —this matter of
“turning over a new leaf” —because it
invariably means the renouncing of
some more or less pleasurable habit, a sort
of self-imposed reformation, that usually
turns out impracticable — or incon-
venient.

Why not plan to make, instead, a con-
structive resolution that doesn’t involve
hardship nor any great expense, that pro-
vides for a reward for eight months or
more, that is both economical and en-
joyable? Why not say, indeed, “I will
have a garden.”

That message is just for the unfortunate
mortals who never enjoyed one — to pre-
pare them for the activities that are to
come. Your already initiated gardener
will even now have caught himself thinking
of seed catalogues and next season’s
plans. But there are other things for
him to attend to this month.

Be sure the mulches on the hardy per-
ennial border, the bulb and pansy beds,
and the strawberry patch, are loose, and
not frozen into a tight, hard mass. If
there is snow on them, they are probably
all right; but, after thaws, shake up the
leaves or litter with a fork before they
can cake and pack.

There will be an occasional mild day
when you can open up the cold frames in
which the cabbage and celery are winter-
ing, to give these hardy fellows a taste of
fresh air. Don’t neglect these oppor-
nities, and don’t overdo them.

Even as early as January you can some-
times start an apple or cherry branch into

arden Magazine

PANWARY > 1912

§ ONE DOLLAR FIFTY CENTS A YEAR
| FIFTEEN CENTS A Copy

blossom by putting it in a vase of water
indoors.

By the way the color effects of the
shrubs and trees didn’t disappear with
the falling of the leaves. Berberis is beau-
tiful with brilliant red berries, the ink-
berry (Ilex glabra) with glossy black ones.
Mahonia (Berberis aquifolium) keeps its
glossy, holly-like leaves and its purplish
fruit all winter —in a sheltered place.
Then there are a host of other fruit bearers
like symphoricarpos, pyracantha and
Viburnam opulus. But the beautiful
effects en masse are due to the golden
twigs of the willows and the brilliant
bark, in different shades, of the various
dogwoods. ‘There is an education, along
the lines of color harmony, to be found
in these rich masses contrasted with the
unfailing freshness of the evergreens.

These things of beauty are all about us;
we should open our eyes to see them,
constantly.

If, as the first freezing weather came
along, you set away in the cellar some
roots of asparagus, kale, and rhubarb, now
is the time to force the first lot. Pot each
clump in a tub, pot or bench, with six or

eight inches of good rich earth. Set the’

plants in a temperature of 45 to 55 degrees
and water them thoroughly; after a few
days begin to increase the heat gradually
till in ten days it has reached 65 to 75
degrees.

Strawberries can be handled similarly
but they should have been plunged, pots and
all, outdoors and lightly mulched, until
time for forcing.

The Prelude to the 1912 Garden

(Ue: you receive catalogues reg-
ularly, be sure a good seedsman
has your name on his mailing list before
the end of this month.

Then, when the catalogues arrive
get out your last year’s notebook and get
this year’s plans under way. It takes
more than one evening to plan a good
garden. Keep at it until the successions,
location of crops, rotations and all such
details are as nearly as possible in accor-
dance with the very best principles of
gardening that you know or can find.

If you have any seed on hand — either
gathered from your own plants, or your
neighbors or saved from last year’s supply,
test it. Seed testing is not only an inter-
esting bit of indoor gardening, but it is
liable to have very valuable results and
teach valuable lessons.

There are several forms of cheap, re-
liable testing devices. One, for the larger

253

seeds, is a little covered dish of red clay
flower-pot ware. Kept in a saucer of
water, this absorbs enough moisture to
provide the seeds with the right conditions.
But, even so, keep watch of it. Once
when using one of these dishes I was amazed
to note the disappearance of one or two
peas each time I looked at it. Not until
one night when I caught a wire worm —
that had got in through the holes in the
cover — eating the seeds, did I discover
the key to the ‘“‘vanishing trick.”

Any one can make a tester with two
plates and some blotting paper; and an
excellent tin affair with cloth folds, and a
glass cover can be bought very reasonably.
But don’t forget that a uniform, temper-
ature — about 65 to 70 degrees — and avail-
able moisture at all times are the essentials
that really determine the success of the
test and the tester.

More Gardening Thoughts

jE YOU and your friends are really

interested in gardens why not ar-
range for a sort of “Community Garden
Club?” To be a member a person must
agree to have and take care of a garden —
either flower or vegetable — but preferably
both. Let each member carry out the
ideas of the whole club in regard to one
sort of plant — maintain an experimental
plot, so to speak. Let him, or her, keep
especially full notes of the care and progress
of this particular subject. Then each
week or so the Club could meet at one
the gardens and discuss its condition,
treatment, requirements, etc. On the
basis of the ‘two heads being better than
one”’ theory such a scheme should result
in a splendid lot of gardens, as well as a
number of enjoyable gatherings all through
the growing season.

If you want any specific ideas for gar-
den experiments, write to the Editor of
THE GARDEN MaAcGazIneE, and talk the
matter over. There are innumerable ques-
tions that can be studied out even on a
little backyard plot, all the way from a
comparison of methods of growing onions,
to the relative value of certain fertilizers,
or the applications of Mendel’s Law.

Get some real, live interest into your
gardening; make it teach you — and other
people — something, as well as supply
your table; be agriculturists as well as
gardeners. But even if you cannot do
any of these things, dig up a little ground,
throw in some seeds, and have some sort
of a garden anyhow.

Now, all together, say it once more —

“JT Witt Have A GARDEN”!

is

The “Fun” of Collecting Stonecrops, I.—By Wilhelm Miller, 3%

The showy stonecrop (Sedum spectabile) has pinkish flowers in flat clusters four to six inches across in September.

which grow a foot or more high

Example of the robust or border stonecrops,

New

A SHOWY GROUP OF HARDY PERENNIALS WHICH ANYONE CAN GROW — PINKISH, CRIMSON, WHITE OR YELLOW
FLOWERS IN FLAT CLUSTERS ABOUT FOUR INCHES ACROSS — IMPORTANT FLOWERS OF MIDSUMMER AND AUTUMN

VERYONE who has been interested in
gardening for a twelvemonth knows
one of the showiest flowers of September —
Sedum spectabile, pictured on this page.
This illustrates the first of the three types
of beauty among the stonecrops, which
are as follows:

I. THE Rosust OR BORDER STONE-
crops, which grow a foot or more high,
and have flat clusters of flowers about four
inches across. They have erect stems and
fleshy leaves. These are the favorites for
gardens and most of them bloom in autumn.
Example —S. spectabile.

II. THE CREEPING STONECROPS, which
have two kinds of stems, the barren,
trailing ones and the erect, flowering stems
which are rarely over six inches high.
These are better for edgings than for
centrepieces of beds and most of them

bloom in midsummer. Example —S.
ternatum. (See page 257.)
Ill. THe Mossy Stonrecroprs, which

differ from the other two groups in being
evergreen. They grow only one to four
inches high and are best for rock gardens,
and for carpeting bulb and rose beds, and
many of them bloom in spring or early sum-
mer. Example —S. acre. (See page 257.)

On this occasion we can treat only the
tall and creeping kinds.

Stonecrop — What an expressive name!
When I first saw these flowers springing

up in every pocket of rocks that seemed
to be entirely bare of earth, I was smitten
with wonder at their hardihood and
fecundity. Their thick, fleshy leaves are
eloquent, to the initiated, of desert con-
ditions, but they have never been re-
duced to the horrid condition of cacti,
thorny, uncomfortable, grotesque. On the
contrary, beginners who admire stonecrops
in gardens never suspect that nature has
adapted these plants to hot, dry climates
and poor, sandy soil. These stonecrops,
therefore, have peculiar value for America,
because our summers are so hot and dry.

Part I.— Robust or Border Stone-
crops

Each of the three groups, has a yellow-
flowered section and a pinkish section, the
latter varying from white and flesh color
through crimson-pink to violet and purple.
Let us begin with the pinkish section since
that is more familiar.

THE SHOWY STONECROP (S. spectabile)

The most popular of all the Sedums is the
showy stonecrop (S. spectabile), which is
pictured on this page. The flowers are a
brilliant rose when they appear about the
middle of September, but by October they
fade to a pinkish color. I cannot love
this flower; it has too much impertinent

254

detail, as an ageratum has, and its colors,
though exciting, are not as desirable as a
pure, refined, quiet pink. Nevertheless
it is impossible not to admire it, for it
makes a brave show when other flowers
begin to fail and gardens look seedy. It
is also a wonderful magnet for butterflies.
“The glaucous foliage, even before the
flowers come, is a pleasant relief to any
high-colored plant that may be near it,”
says Robinson. ‘It withstands cold, heat,
or wet, and unlike most plants will grow
and flower to perfection in shaded places,
thriving in any soil.”’ These observations.
will be enthusiastically endorsed by many
American gardeners.

The flowers vary from rose to dark
purple (vars. roseum, purpureum, etc.).
The white variety is not very pure or
effective, and no one cares to buy it any
more. The brightest colors are the most
popular.

THE PURPLE-LEAVED STONECROP

Purple-leaved stonecrops are very con-
spicuous at all times of growth — too much
so for my taste. Because of their power-
ful color they are considerably used in
carpet bedding. They produce few or no
flowers, unless in poor, stony soil. S.
atropurpureum is a very common name in
nursery catalogues, and I should not be
surprised if two or three species are passing.

JANUARY, 1912

under that name, for purple-leaved var-
ieties would naturally be expected in all
these stonecrops with highly colored flowers.
According to Dr. Masters S. atropurpureum
of the trade should be called S. maximum,
var. hematodes. Let us see, then, what
sort of a species this S. maximum is.

Sedum maximum is rather difficult to
distinguish from spectabile, although the
petals of maximum are whitish, with
red spots toward the tip. A surer dis-
tinction resides in the buds, those of
spectabile being long and pointed, while
those of maximum are inversely egg-
shaped, with an abrupt point. You can-
not put any faith in more obvious char-
acters, because the stems of maximum are
sometimes green, sometimes purple, while
the leaves may be either rounded at the
base or tapering, spreading or recurved,
green or variegated. Some gardeners be-
lieve that maximum is a better garden
plant than spectabile. I would urge nur-
serymen who advertise S. spectabile, var.
atropurpureum to compare their plants
with the descriptions here given and see
if what they are selling is not really a
variety of S. maximum. If however, their
purple-leaved stonecrops do not bloom at
all, the leaves should be compared with
those of the next species.

LIVE-FOREVER OR ORPINE (S. Telephium)

Every barefoot boy knows the thick-
leaved live-forever that runs wild in
cemeteries and along roadsides but never
seems to bloom. This is S. Telephium.
It does really bloom occasionally, the
petals being pink, spotted red, or rarely
white, and appearing in July or August.
The varieties rubrum and purpureum
are purple-leaved varieties which are not
likely to bloom in gardens, so far as my
experience goes, but I should be glad to
hear from collectors on this point, as
Robinson takes a very different view of
this species. He says cut blooms last a
long time, hence are often called “ Ever-
lasting Livelongs.”

In this connection I must say that
many nurserymen catalogue S. Fabaria
and some consider it the showiest of all
stonecrops. Masters declares that S. Fab-
aria of the trade is nothing in the world
but S. spectabile. The true Fabaria he
considers a subspecies of S. Telephium,
with narrower leaves and cymes always
terminal — never lateral. This treatment
is very remarkable, for subspecies are rare
birds in botany and something of a nuisance.
The probability is that Masters’s Fabaria
is not in the trade, but anyone who buys
S. Fabaria should look well to the leaves.
If they are opposite or in threes your plant
is either maximum or spectabile, but if
they are scattered you have a very rare
and interesting plant — the true S. Fabaria.
In that case I hope you will photograph it
and tell us all about it.

THE AMERICAN LIVE-FOREVER

The live-forever I have just described is
a European plant which has run wild in

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Pare
Bee
p wet

ae ae a

Siebold’s stonecrop (Sedum Sieboldii) the best foliage plant in the genus, having conspicuous bluish

greenish leaves, margined with pink Auchincloss garden, Newport

America. But we have a native live-
forever known as S. telephoides. This
has flesh-colored flowers in June. Some

dealers advertise a yellow-flowered plant
under this name. To get the real thing
one should send to a specialist in the
plants of the Southern Appalachians.

THE UNIQUE ROSE-ROOT

The last of the pinkish group is unique
in so many ways that when I make any
generalizations about Sedum hereafter I
must ask my readers to add mentally
“always excepting S. rosewm.” It has
one point in common with the species
already described —a thick, fleshy root-
stock or tuber, but this is peculiar in ex-

haling a perfume of rose water. The
plant grows only six or eight inches high
and has greenish or reddish purple flowers
in a cluster only one inch across. Most
stonecrops, have five petals, five stamens,
etc., but this one has its floral parts in
fours.

What makes the rose root absolutely
unique in the genus is its unisexual flowers
—the other stonecrops being bisexual.
In other words, some of the rose-root
flowers have four stamens, but no pistils,
while others have four pistils but no
stamens. Moreover, the flowers some-
times have so much yellow in their green,
that I am not sure that I ought not to
include this interesting but pernickity

The everlasting stonecrop (Sedum Aizoon) one of the robust, yellow-flowered species which is hardly
suitable for refined borders but is good for covering large areas of rough and rocky land

256

Welt
4 wg oh
4% Vida ae

species in the follow-
ing section.

FOUR YELLOW FLOW-
ERED STONECROPS

The yellow flow-
ered stonecrops have
the advantage of a
pure and popular
color, but I was
rather disappointed
with the group.
Many of the species
were attacked by
plant lice, and al-
though I sprayed
them with kerosene
emulsion, they lost
their lower leaves,
and some were so
weak that they had
to be staked. The
yellow flowered spe-
cies differ from the
preceding section in
having narrower
leaves and non-
tuberous roots.

The everlasting
stonecrop(S.A7zz00n)
— see page 255 —is the oldest and best
known of the yellows. It grows about 14 ft.
high and is said to bloom in late summer,
but with me it began to flower the middle
of June. It is not a showy plant, the
clusters being comparatively loose and
few-flowered. The plant is coarse almost
to the point of weediness and is inclined
to sprawl. I had this true to name from
five different nurseries. I cannot recom-
mend it for borders, but it is doubt-
less satisfactory on rough rockwork in
sand and full sunshine as shown on
page 255.

S. Maximowiczii is supposed to be a
better plant, for it is used by the carpet
bedding fraternity, and is one of the few
perennial stonecrops of which seeds have
been regularly catalogued by one of
the leading seed firms in New York. My
two specimens were too much like the
everlasting stonecrop, differing only in
botanical characters, the sepals being of
unequal length, and the buds flask-shaped,
z.e. dilated below and narrowed above into
a long beak.

S. Asiaticum differs from the other
yellows in having opposite, instead of
alternate leaves and these are so deeply
cut as to be almost pinnatifid. Also its
clusters are globose, instead of flat. Barr
speaks of the “rich orange-brown anthers.”
This sounds like a distinct and beautiful
feature. As this is a native of the Him-
alayas, its hardiness is to be questioned.

S. Laggerii was not advertised in America
before Bailey’s “Cyclopedia” was written
but has lately been catalogued in Rochester,
N. Y. My specimen had unequal sepals,
like S. Maximowiczii, but broader leaves,
and both bloomed a week or two later
than S. Aizoon. From the garden point
of view I should consider S. Laggerii too

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

The hybrid stonecrop (Sedum hybridum) is very close to the Kamtschatcan,

Te

creeping stonecrop with yellow flowers

much like the others to be worth culti-
vating.

Part II1.—The Creeping Stone-

crops

We come now to the creeping stone-
crops which are typified by S. ternatum,
shown on page 257. Unlike the tall
stonecrops they have creeping barren
stems, while the flowering stems stand only
a few inches high. They are not so showy
as the tall ones, but on the other hand they
are wonderful spreaders, completely hiding
every vestige of soil with luxuriant carpets
in many shades of green, gray and blue.
Unlike the mossy stonecrops they are too
strong for carpeting bulb and rose beds,
and I therefore recommend them for
edging borders of perennials and carpeting
the ground beneath shrubs. One dis-
appointment I must record. The whole
group is described as evergreen by Masters
and other European writers and I made
this a prominent feature in my key to
Sedum in Bailey’s “Cyclopedia.” But
after living with the plants two winters, I
found that every one in my collection lost
its leaves in winter. These barren stems
then look so unattractive that I called
them the ‘“‘rattail section” in my own mind.
In the latitude of Washington, D. C., they
might be evergreen, but there is no trouble
in distinguishing them from the mossy
stonecrops because the leaves of the
creeping kinds are unmistakably flat,
while the mossy kinds have cylindrical
(or terete) leaves.

TWO WHITE-FLOWERED STONECROPS

Sedum ternatum, pictured on page 257, is a
white-flowered American species which Brit-
ton calls “wild stonecrop”” — a name that

which is probably the best

JANUARY, 1912

is not designative.
Neither is “ternate,”
however, as several
others have the
leaves of the barren
shoots in threes.
But from the garden
point of view it is
very distinct and
pretty. One charm-
ing feature is the
anthers which are
red at first, then
black, and always
contrasting prettily
with the starry white
petals. It makes me
indignant that such
important and ob-
vious facts are never
mentioned by gar-
den writers, even in
books of reference.
For, if we cultivate
plants for their
beauty, why should
we not put on record
the most conspic-
uous and distin-
guishing beauty
that a plant possesses? JI must correct
the blooming dates which I gave in the
“Cyclopedia” as July or August, for I
had specimens from three nurserymen and
all bloomed from the middle of May to
the middle of June.

S. Nevii is native to our own mountains
of Virginia and Alabama, but it is easier
to import it from England than find
an American who offers it. Mr. Gillett
says it is hardy in Massachusetts. I
have never seen it and cannot say whether
it has any distinctive beauty. It is close
to ternatum, but the leaves of the barren
shoots are scattered — not in threes.

Other white or whitish flowers are likely
to be varieties of the pinkish section.

\

PINKISH VIOLET AND PURPLE STONECROPS

The showiest flower of this group,
probably, is S. stoloniferum, which Rob-
inson calls the purple stonecrop. I had
it from six nurserymen, who generally
describe it as pinkish, but the brightest
form, perhaps, is the one they call S.
spurium, var. coccineum, as this has crim-
son flowers. The name spuriwm, however,
should be dropped, as it is a synonym.
A nurseryman in South Orange, N. J.,
has sent out an evergreen plant with yel-
low flowers under the name of spurium
splendens which, of course, cannot possibly
be this species.

Very close to stoloniferum is S. oppositi-
folium, for both have opposite leaves, but
the latter has brighter green leaves, which
present a neater appearance, because they
overlap one another more regularly in
decussate fashion. Also this is normally
a white, or at least whitish flower.

The poplar-leaved stonecrop (S. populi-
folium) is interesting chiefly because the
flowers are said to have the fragrance of

JANUARY, 1912

hawthorn. Other peculiarities are the
shape of the leaf and the shrubby or
woody nature of the stems —at least at
the base. The flowers are whitish or
pinkish and have purple anthers. A Roch-
ester nurseryman calis this an evergreen
species, but as his descriptions follow
English books with suspicious closeness,
I am inclined to doubt this. I have never
seen this plant and cannot be sure I have
it in.the right section.

Probably the darkest colored flower of
the group is S. Anacampseros, which is
like the live-forever in rarely producing
any flowers. For this reason Barr calls
it the “evergreen orpine.”” The flowers
are purple or violet. It is an old European
plant that was formerly valued for its
reddish stems and bluish-green leaves, but
it has been rather eclipsed by Siebold’s
stonecrop, from which it differs in having
the leaves arranged alternately instead of
in threes.

Siebold’s stonecrop (S. Sieboldii), is
the best foliage plant in the genus Sedum.
It is showier than it seems from the picture
on page 255, because the leaves are a
conspicuous bluish gray, with pink edges.
A close look at the picture will prove that
the leaves are arranged in threes. The
flowers are rosy pink, but they are of
secondary interest, because the blue tone

Sedum ternatum, a white flower of June. Example of the creeping stonecrops

(VERE eG Aly D EN

oi the foliage attracts the attention of

every visitor. It is considerably used in
carpet bedding and seems to me in far
better taste than purple-leaved plants,
because it is easier to harmonize with other
colors. I had this true to name from
five different nurserymen and it comes true
also from seed. The variegated variety
is even more conspicuous but I do not
care forit. There are too many variegated
plants already.

The only rival of Siebold’s stonecrop is
S. Ewersi, which some people think is a
trifle bluer even than Sieboldu. I shall
never forget the pretty effect this made
at Gravetye, where Mr. Robinson used it
for edging rose beds. It can be easily
told from Siebold’s stonecrop, because the
leaves are opposite. Both of these species
will bloom from September until hard
frost. The flowers of Ewersi are pinkish,
but those of the variety Turkestanicum
are a deep violet.

YELLOW CREEPING STONECROPS

The prettiest of this group, so far as I
know, is the Kamtschatkan stonecrop
(S. Kamtschaticum), which was in bud on
June 8th when I noted it at Gravetye, edg-
ing rose beds. Outside of the mossy group,

this seems to me the most valuable yellow-
flowered stonecrop.

It is not as showy as

a oe

MAGAZINE

ine 2s & ON Le ewe

the tall, yellow kinds, but daintier. At
Henley I noted on June 2zoth, a variegated
variety with a gaudy margin of creamy
yellow, which was red in the bud, but
yellow in flower. This species is called
“Orange stonecrop”’ in English books, but
I fail to see any orange in it. Unfortun-
ately my notes do not record its winter
behavior in my garden, but I saw a plant
at South Orange, N. J., labelled Kamtschat-
icum, which was the best of all stonecrops
for winter beauty. Whether it was true to
name I cannot say, but on February 25th,
1906, I noted a bed 4 x 15 ft., which was
“completely covered with a soft, rich,
warm red with no tinge of purple. It is
the showiest of all the many evergreen
perennials in this nursery. The little
rosettes are one inch across and contain
about fifteen prettily toothed leaves.”
Very like the preceding is the hybrid
stonecrop (S. hybridum), which is pictured
on page 256. Both species have the leaves
toothed above the middle, as may be seen
in the photograph, but the petals of Kam-
tschaticum are lanceolate, while those of
hybridum are linear. A Philadelphia
nurseryman sent me an interesting plant
miscalled S. hybridum, which had rosy
flowers and turned out to be an early
variety of the Telephium group. From
two other nurserymen I got a yellow

The wall pepper (Sedum acre) which has yellow flowersin June and July. Ex-

which have trailing barren stems, while the erect flower stems are rarely over ample of the mossy stonecrops which make evergreen carpets on rocks and in

six inches high. They are excellent for edgings

bulb and rose beds.

Peters’ garden, Islip

258

flowered plant which corresponds perfectly
with this photograph made at Kew.

Sedum Japonicum is very close to the
two species just described but differs in
having entire leaves. I had this from
four American nurserymen but could not
see that this species has any special garden
value over the Kamtschatcan or hybrid
stonecrops. The ‘‘variety roseum” of a
Massachusetts catalogue does not sound
right. I do not believe there is any yellow
flowered Sedum with a rosy variety. The
variety macrophyllum, however, has an
excuse for being, viz., a later season of
bloom. I saw this at Riverton, N. J.,
full of buds on September 12th, 1907. It
is said to have ‘‘waxy white flowers with
light pink centres.”

We now come to the glaucous or gray-
leaved members of the yellow-flowered
group. S. spathulifoliwm I noted at Grave-
tye in bloom among the roses on June 7th
—a plant labelled spathulatum which I
presume was the same —a rather large

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

flower with a good mass effect at a distance,
but rather coarse when viewed close at
hand. It is native to the Pacific Coast
and is very close to S. obtusatum, a species
I have never seen. The only hint I can
find of distinctive beauty in S. obtusatum
is Barr’s statement that the foliage is
emerald green in spring and shaded bronze
in autumn.

FOR COLLECTORS ONLY

Just to show that we are not “such
a much” in this country, I will give a list
of a few sedums offered by two English
nurserymen which I have never seen
cataiogued in America and therefore were
not described in Bailey’s “‘Cyclopedia”’; S.
altissimum, amplexicaule, atratum, Brauni,
coccineum, Corsicum, crista-galli, cyaneum
farinosum, grandiflorum, Ibericum, Oreg-
anum, pallidum roseum, Pittom, pruinatum,
rotundifolium, speciosum, spirale, Stahlit,
turgidum.

The only one of these that excites my

JANUARY, 1912

cupidity is S. cyaneum, for a blue-flowered
perennial stonecrop ought to be a good
thing. Perhaps, however, it is only the
foliage which is bluish, in which case I
doubt if it equals S. Sieboldii.

Any one who has a greenhouse ought to
have the scarlet stonecrop (S. sempervi-
voides) the only good red in the genus that
is absolutely free from all purple or magenta
taint. It isan annual or biennial plant with
the habit of a houseleek. For a seductive ac-
count of it see the “English Flower Garden.”

Two old chestnuts on which no one need
waste good money are S. purpureum and
variegatum. These names have no botan-
ical standing, as you can see from Bailey’s
“Cyclopedia.” Alot of purple-leaved truck
is offered under the names of S. atropurpur-
eum and speciosum —the latter often
a typographical blunder for spectabile as
faboricum is for Fabaria. If I am wrong
about these purple-leaved plants correct
me, but to me they are gaudy rubbish and
spoil a garden.

Making a Garden in Alkali Land —By Mrs. E. H. Plowhead, um

THE TRIUMPHANT STORY OF A SIX YEARS’ STRUGGLE IN RECLAIMING AN ALKALI FLAT ON THE SAGE BRUSH
DESERT — DIFFICULTIES IN GETTING A LAWN TO GROW— HOW WATER MAY BE ABUSED ON ALKALI LANDS

[ HAD longed all my life for a wee spot
of ground that I might call my own;
at last it came, and to some it might look
like one of the ironies of fate that my
future Garden of Eden was located in a
barren, desolate, alkali flat, on five lots
of ground. But to me it was rather a
glorious realization of long cherished
dreams. Others had made the desert

ce

“
&
a
‘'
*&

blossom like the rose — why not I? Blessed
be nothing and blessed be those who know
nothing.

Our little town is situated in the heart
of an immense sage brush desert in the
semi-arid West —a desert which is being
reclaimed by National Irrigation projects
representing millions of dollars, and is
fast becoming one of the most celebrated

%

2

It took two years before a Dorothy Perkins rose would grow at all; but after that four years gave great results

fruit belts in the United States. In all
these sage brush deserts there are occa-
sional alkali spots. Our town was located
on a most desolate low-lying alkali patch;
and our lots were in the lowest, most
alkali infested part of town. A few
straggling sage-brush and _ grease-wood,
much tenacious salt-grass, alkali standing
brownish white upon the soil so that one
could scrape it up by the spoonful, much
enthusiasm and good will were our only
assets on these lots. The lots had never
been cultivated or irrigated, and often
there was no rain for months during the
summer.

But our spirits were high. Our own
home, and our own garden spot! In the
fall while the home was building we had
the sage brush grubbed, the land plowed
and leveled, fertilizer and sand hauled;
in the spring the land was again fertilized,
the rows and ditches for irrigating were
made, and then came the planting. How
my imagination ran riot when I studied
the seed catalogues. There were to be
numerous trees outside the yard, a hedge
of flowering shrubs, a rose hedge, perennial
border, flowers everywhere, and a small
vegetable garden. We worked and we
planned, we planted and we irrigated, we
watched and we waited.

Not one tree lived, not one flower
bloomed, not one spear of grass grew on
our carefully planted lawn, not one vege-
table matured, one faithful little hardy
yellow spring rose stayed with us, throve
and blessed us with promises and hopes
for other flowers. The alkali was so strong
in the soil, that with the first irrigation
it seemed to fairly eat up the seeds; the

JANUARY, 1912

THE GARDEN

Typical sage brush land that was so full of alkali that nothing else would grow in it at first

few that sprouted grew a little while as
sickly yellow plants, and died. The ten-
der roots of trees and shrubs were not
able to withstand it. Well, we had our
little yellow rose, and we knew things would
grow, for a few pioneers in our little town
had thrifty, beautiful yards. Three times
that spring I renewed my flower trenches
with sand and manure, for I was bound
to have some flowers, but none would be
persuaded to grow. And our lawn —-
the velvety green sward of our dreams!
It was a dappled patch of muddy alkali
—the irrigating brought great amounts
to the surface.

A neighbor told us not to be discouraged,
that flooding our place once a week would
help wash away surplus alkali. So all
summer we allowed the water to run for
hours each week, and by fall I know we
must have drained away a large amount.
Then came more manure, more sand;
more elbow grease, more planning. In
addition to the alkali there was the coarse
salt grass to fight; its tenacious tough
spreading roots were very hard to pull
from the soil, and broken roots left in the
ground immediately started new growth
which left to itself would choke out other
vegetation. Irrigation and fertilization
gave it new lease of life and it must con-
stantly be fought until entirely banished.

As the summer wore by, it seemed as
if I could no longer stand so desolate a
yard, and one day I received an inspira-
tion. About a block from our home was
a gloriously green patch of sod, mostly
white clover, that had grown over the
ditch banks and along one side of the
street, where an over-flowing ditch had
kept it green. Years ago the seed had
doubtless been washed down from some
aspiring and perspiring neighbor’s -lawn,
made a wee start and finally spread as
it was that year.

“Peggy,” I said to myself, “we'll have
a lawn yet, if only the size of a tea-towel.”
With the help of a small brother I dug
a piece of the sod perhaps two feet square,
hauled it home in the wheelbarrow, scooped
out a spot in the centre of the small would-
be-lawn that was directly in front of our
house, and carefully, oh so carefully placed
the sod. We brought another piece and

I can tell you it was back-breaking work.
But next day we brought another and
still another, and by the end of the week
we had a tiny, little lawn. Then big
brother caught the enthusiasm, and after
bank hours he dug and carried sod with
great energy and at the end of two weeks
we had an excellent start for our lawn —
only 18 ft. by 18 ft. it is true — but fairly
level and fresh green! By the following
spring it was a really creditable little lawn!

The intervening winter months soothed
our disappointment, and the alluring air
of spring aroused our enthusiasm. Our
neighbors helped us much; we learned
never to flood our rows when irrigating,
but to always sub-irrigate. Water al-
lowed to run over the rows caused the soil
to pack and form a hard glaze, through
which no delicate sprout could creep.
Again, too frequent irrigation, allowing
the water to stand for many hours, brought
to the surface quantities of alkali from a
great depth. We learned that liberal
applications of land plaster helped neutral-
ize the alkali, and we learned the value of
continual cultivation. And our success
the second season was that a few vege-
tables, some nasturtiums and a honeysuckle,
three roses and three trees lived.

But the third year things looked really
promising. My sweet peas were glorious!

MAGAZINE

259

Our seed sown lawns had at last made
good progress; several Gruss an Teplitz
and Madam Plantier roses lived, while
our vegetable garden cheated China John
and the village market out of many a
dime and quarter.

It is now six years since we started to
redeem the alkali flat. Honeysuckle and
Virginia creeper climb luxuriously over
the porch pillars. The syringa, eight
feet tall, seems to be vying with the yellow
and blush rose bushes, of the same height,
for all were absolute masses of bloom this
year, and are a part of a fifty foot row of
shrubs, including spireas, snowballs, lilacs,
and Japanese barberry.

But the roses are my special pride.
Frau Karl Drushki, White Maman Cochet,
Souvenir de Prest. Carnot, Marie Van
Houtte, Miss Kate Moulton, Richmond
and Clio are especially fine. My carna-
tions and chrysanthemums won first prize
at our county fair last year, and this
year give promise of much greater per-
fection. Pink, cream, yellow, gold and
bronze cactus dahlias nod their dainty,
fluffy heads in proud disdain at a row of
their coarser more bold show brothers.
Of other flowers, I have perhaps forty
different varieties.

Disappointments and despair are not
yet lacking; some plants still refuse to
come and dwell with me — each seed that
has grown represents hundreds that have
gone to alkali graves, and often now with-
out any warning, some cherished plant
turns a sickly yellowish white — sure
sign of alkali poisoning — drops its leaves
and dies.

But when things do get started — how
they succeed in this soil! and the yields
are very large. On four hills of cantaloupe
may be counted more than fifty fruits
as large or larger than a pint cup. Tomato
stems are loaded with large ripening fruit.
My “sage brush palm” (a big Russian
sunflower) seems to be rivaling Jack’s
famous bean stalk in trying to reach the
skies —its own golden leaves far more
beautiful than any gold Jack rescued from
the ferocious Giant.

sare. oes ORCS

But after the alkali was washed out—a matter of two years’ work—it produced vegetables that really
were worth while and made gardening a delight

An Interesting Family of House Ferns—By Leonard Barron, 3,

New

REMARKABLE VARIATIONS THAT HAVE RECENTLY APPEARED IN THE BOSTON FERN AND WHICH
GIVE PLANTS THAT ARE ADAPTED TO NEARLY EVERY PURPOSE OF THE WINDOW GARDENER -

are the Boston fern (Wephrolepis
exaltata), up to a few years ago,
was the most highly esteemed of house
ferns, it has during recent years been
practically superseded by some of its
many varieties. The history of the ap-
pearance of these variations has been
one succession of rapid surprises. It was
in 1903 that the first marked variation,
Piersoni, was introduced. This differed
from the original type in having the
pinnules divided two or three times so
as to give a rich, full, plumose effect. It
is to-day hardly to be met with because
this character proved unstable. That is,
it showed a great tendency to “throw
back” or to produce fronds that were
of the normal simple type.

Two years later a still more plumed
form was distinguished, which became
known as elegantissima. This also proved
unstable, but the next year the improved
elegantissima was introduced, and this
has the character distinctly fixed. Still
further variations along this line have
appeared in succeeding years, and show
increased division of the fronds and finer
character of the pinnules, there appearing
in rapid succession superbissima (1908)
and elegans compacta (1909).

Simultaneously, there was developed
another line of variation in which the
frond, while retaining the characteristic
pinnules of the type, became shorter and
more arching, and the margin of the
pinnule more or less undulate. This type

The simple fronds of the old Boston fern (Neph-
rolepis exaltata). The pinnules regular and entire.
Quite stiff looking

has given us some of the most decorative
forms, the first one to be introduced being
Scotti, which has been very largely sup-
planted by Giatrasi which, to-day, may be
regarded as the most graceful and the
best furnished house fern for all ordinary
purposes. As compared with its prede-
cessors, it is a slower grower and conse-
quently is higher priced. Large growers
say that it takes twice as long to grow a
plant of Giatrasi to a given size as it does
to grow a plant of Scotti.

The plumose character has reached its
maximum development in forms known as
Amerpohli and magnific, which are very
much alike.

The window gardener must needs exer-
cise some judgment in selecting either one
of these ferns for the house. The simple
leaved forms are best adapted to ordinary
conditions in dwelling houses, but where
greenhouse accommodation can be had
or an exceptionally light window provided,
some of the plumose forms can be grown.
The latter are not so generally useful, how-
ever, because as soon as they attain any
large size, the plants show a tendency to a
loss of symmetry consequent on the break-
ing down of the stalks by the actual
weight of the fronds themselves.

On the other hand, where it is desired
to have a fern for cutting to provide some
green to mix in with cut flowers, the
plumose forms of the Boston fern are
especially valuable. In the accompanying
illustrations the progressive development
of two types of variation is clearly shown.

All these ferns offer an exception to the
generally conceived notion as to what is
necessary to the well being of plants of

In the extreme plumose variation, as seen in Amer-
pohli, the entire frond is shortened and broadened
and a moss-like effect is produced

261

but the
green

this type, and it is this exception that
makes them so generally useful as house
plants for the million.

They grow best in full light and at a
temperature of about 56 to 60 degrees,
and the secret of keeping any of the Boston
fern family in good condition is to keep
it constantly growing. When grown in
dark, shaded places and at too low a tem-
perature, nearly all the improved forms
show a more or less marked tendency to
develop fronds of the normal straight type.
Give a good, rich but porous garden soil.
Any kind of check, as poor soil, or allowing
the plant to dry from irregular watering,
will result inthe same thing. Little things,
these; but it is a case of the little things
counting. And the one secret of very
successful management is just this: con-
stantly growing with plenty of light.

Besides the names already mentioned,
you are likely to come across plants offered
under such names as todeaoides and Whit-
mani. These two forms, if not identical with,
are so nearly like elegantissima as to make
their maintenance unnecessary, at all
events, to the amateur. And furthermore,
they have the same characteristic of re-
verting to the normal type.

There is no such thing as the “best” of
these forms. They must be selected
according to the place they are to fill.
For a large, bold effect the old-time Boston
is still unsurpassed, but for smaller apart-
ments, Giatrasi will be superior; with ele-
gantissima for a plumose form.

In the ‘‘muscosa’’ form the frond is short stalked

Ppinnules are finely divided. Color deep

The Value of a Garden in Keeping Poultry —By J. Mace Andress, "x,

Massa-

THE POSSIBILITIES OF MAKING A GARDEN OF ANY SIZE A SOURCE OF PROFIT IN POUL-
TRY KEEPING— THE VALUE OF GREEN FOOD — HOW TO RAISE AND HOW TO FEED IT

O ONE who professes to keep poultry
for profit can expect to be successful
unless he makes a careful study of foods.
Green food is one of the essentials for
healthy fowls and for satisfactory egg
production, and the problem of getting the
right kind of green food in reasonable
quantities is easily solved if one has a
garden.

Map out pretty definitely, early in the
spring before the planting begins, what
is to be done in the course of the season.
Keep in mind in the planning the relative
positions of the hen-yard and garden.
Have the hen-yard border on the garden,
so that the vegetables can be easily trans-
ferred.

Whether the garden pays or not in an
incidental way depends largely on utiliz-

imoloratimd thiant aol mat sna fH 1

A few thousand copies of this magazine were printed
with pages 260 and 261 transposed.
covered too late to correct it without unduly delaying the

edition which we regret.

pte we wea weir UID WILLE BICTTLL LOCU.
Even if no more chard can be planted than
is needed for table use, it will be found
that many of the leaves will become dis-
colored, wormy, or tough, and would be a
complete loss unless fed to poultry.

After lettuce and radishes have lost
their first delicious flavor, give them to the
chickens. The radishes themselves are

Prey

Sunflowers in the border served as a screen for the garden, and gave food for poultry in winter

seldom eaten, but the tops are greedily
devoured. Lettuce is particularly well
liked by chicks because of its tenderness.
If the garden plot is large enough sow more
lettuce than will be needed for table use
and feed it daily to the hens or chickens
until it is all gone. Frequently, too, in
thinning out beets, those. that are not
wanted may be fed to poultry. Instead

of doing the thinning all at one time, do

it gradually so that the poultry may con-
sume it all without any waste. Late in
the summer and. in the autumn, give them
cabbage leaves. Turnip seed sowed be-
tween August 1st and 15th, will furnish
tops that may be fed until the late frosts.
Often cabbages or turnips may be planted
in ground where early potatoes have been
dug or string beans or late peas have been

oes
ye,

It
lls,

tly
The error was dis-

2et
corn iat nas pecome hard may be husked
and put away for winter use.

Last year I was able to add to my
winter food supply almost by accident.
I was anxious to have a screen for my
garden and I finally decided to plant sun-
flowers for an outer border. The seeds

were planted about May t1oth. By the
middle of July the plants had grown so that

#8
pds ae

260

the garden was a secluded spot. Before
August rst, they had grown to the height
of six or ten feet. The abundant crop of
seeds which they bore was gathered and
fed to the hens during the winter.

In feeding green food to poultry, we
should see that it is not wasted or con.-
taminated. A few handfuls of green stuti,
if thrown loosely into the ordinary hen

An ingenious hopper that keeps green food off the
ground. (References in text.)

yard speedily becomes so befouled that
hens will not eat it. A man who is hardy
with tools may construct a green food
hopper in a short time in this way: Out of
rough strips of board make two frames
(A and A) 12 by 20 inches, and covcr
each one with ordinary chicken wire.
Frame A should have its sides projected
so that they meet the cross pieces B and
B. The cross pieces should be 12 or 14
inches long so that the holder may not
easily be upset. In joining the various
pieces of wood, screws will usually be
found to be more satisfactory than nails
as they are less likely to split the wood.
Frame A should then have two pieces of
straight iron or heavy wire (c and c)
driven into its sides about two thirds of
the distance from its upper edge so as to
project through holes in the frame A.
This will allow one frame A to be pulled
or shoved away from the other. Bend
heavy pieces of wire or iron into a V-shape
(d and d) and drive them into the frame
A so that they project six or eight inches
beyond the sides. Strong springs (e and
e) should then be fastened at one end to
the bend in the V-shaped piece of iron or
wire and at the other end to the frame A
as indicated in the drawing. Soldering
is the best way of fastening the spring to
the wire. Chard, beet tops, slices of
cabbage or beets may then be put between
the frames which will hold them safely
until devoured.

JANUARY. Oe

MAGAZINE

THE GARDEN

like the original, but is less spreading

Harris’s variety is very

loosely arching fronds

time Boston fern has long

The old-

ah oa a

YA

ripe,

Superbissimum viridissima, much denser and heavier in foliage effect

A new dwarf Boston, likely to be a welcome window plant

—a

a slightly plumed companion to Giatrasi
WHICH ARE THE EASIER TO GROW

Pierson’s dwarf,

SOME OF THE SIMPLER VARIATIONS OF THE BOSTON FERN,

Giatrasi, the most esteemed of the improved simple tyne, a slow grower

January, 1912 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 26%

WG lf,

Ms

i

7 a y ~ Y : | tot ®
x : Ss he Zi Wlbi 4A

Piersoni, the first variation to be noticed. Slightly plumed at the base Whitmanni is of a more plumose character but, like Piersoni. reverts

Gey
TPs

Superbum, a fixed plumose type. The fronds break down in large sizes Elegantissima has a more finely plumed frond. Useful for cutting

4

Elegantissima compacta is a denser growing. shorter jointed form Amerpohli is moss-like in texture. Very finely cut pinnules. Good in small sizes
THE MORE PLUMOSE FORMS ARE VALUABLE AS GREENHOUSE PLANTS AND TO GIVE CUT GREEN

Beginning a Fruit Garden — By W. C. McCollom, 3

New

PREPARE NOW FOR THE ACTUAL WORK OF PLANTING A FEW FRUIT TREES IN THE EARLY
FOR YOUR ACTUAL NEEDS—VARIETIES FOR THE HOME GARDEN

SPRING —HOW TO PLAN

1a best of all reasons why you should

think about planting fruit trees
now is that home-grown fruit, fresh from
the trees, is an immensely superior article
to that which you can get in the markets.
The home fruit grower has this advantage:
He can grow varieties for quality only,
totally disregardful of how they will stand
rough handling and hard usage in shipping
about. The commercial grower must pay
attention to shipping ability and superficial

me
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6 Pears 20 feet apart

a = aN “Sy
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90 Feet
é

8 Peaches

195 feet apart
Ox Qu ®@ wn O urn wannuO wnw@

for garden pictures? Is anything more
telling than a peach or an apple tree in
early spring?

If space limits, a fruit tree can be grown
also as a shade tree, when it will serve a
dual purpose.

Actual planting of fruit trees and berry
bushes should be done as early as possible
in the spring, so as to give them the best
opportunities of the growing season.
Moreover, they can be handled when dor-

150 Feet 2S

©

©

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6 Apples 30 Feet apart

eo €

2 Cherries
@® © & So ®

& Quinces

VAUGHAN Qn 111101.

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16 Coe Tage: on wire trellis 8 feet high

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LEROOD RIEL VRIES DIN AE ONLY

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SRORTEE ENT NOH SLO CT h ate

500 Strawberries /f feet Gare

BeaeecswYyYseer Gta ¢ EE

& 2 Es Ds
Br Eeeetes 3 fact apart on Wire trellis
S DRG OM OE ADSEYODESADDEBSYYARH EB OH
50 Raspberrves 3 feet apart onwere trellis

© @6 6¢ 608280080080 0 8 9
76 Gooseberries gies apart

aot GLOMERULAR ee Se POD ToS ects Sant or OS Bd

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PEA NS Det

Sufficient fruit for a dozen people can be raised on a space 150 x 90 ft. with standard trees. For details see text

appearance. The home gardener, on the
other hand, is concerned with intrinsic
quality.

A fruit garden, or an orchard if you like,
even if it be confined to merely one tree,
should find a place in every home garden.
And even on a very small area, the orchard
fruit trees — apples, pears, plums, peaches
—can very well be used as part of the
ornamental groupings. Why not make
use of the flowering qualities of these trees

mant and most nurseries nowadays carry
a large stock of trees in cellars over the
winter, ready for shipment at the very
first signs of favorable weather, when it
would be ordinarily impossible to take
them from the rows. Therefore, plan
your garden now, place your order now,
and be ready to do the actual planting
the moment the weather opens.

The soil for the fruit garden cannot be
made too good. Remember the trees

1/50 Feet ——————————

/ Row Apples 6trees 30 Feet apart
® © |

/RowPear G6trees 20 Feet apart 2 Cherries
<6 / Row Peaches 20 Feet apart & Quinces
v
~ 5
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YY

16 Grapes /O Feet apart

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50 BEETLE cee pare
: ES s

Sv we OUGHE ERE HYSYS AOWIE Bs
ooevuse oe 2

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If dwarf trained fruit trees are planted only one-half the area is required.

Been Sarxanvse FSeOVTHABSED

aoe tGe On rPaGueayad p tos

Lek e oo Wee srsgqwers

This offers a solution for

many suburban homes

264

that you plant are expected to give great
and profitable returns over a long term
of years. There is a good deal of difference
between setting out and caring for per-
manent trees and setting out and culti-
vating annual crops, like the usual run of
vegetables which are cleared off the same
season. In growing for fruit, you must
first of all grow the tree, giving it the
best of cultivation in its youth, and main-
taining soil fertility all through. This
means thorough fertilization and deep’
tillage before planting, constant light
tillage for the first half of the year and
sowing a cover crop with the last
cultivation in the middle of summer. This
cover crop to act as a mat on the ground
all winter and to be turned under the
following spring, thus adding humus.

In general, stimulate early growth by
all possible means, restrain late growth
by letting the soil be undisturbed, and
induce ripening of ; the wood so that the
trees go into the winter: well hardened.

It is a good thing to plan your fruit
garden well in advance. Take thought,
give time to figuring out your require-
ments, and make up your mind positively
as to what you really need. Making a
plan will save after labor and some dis-
appointment. Draw a plan to scale, place
your trees exactly as you want them, allow-
ing for the ultimate growth of each. Make
your layout as practical as possible, rather
giving the preference to cultural con-
venience rather than mere appearance.
Yet, at the same time, appearances can
be considered. Plant the taller trees so
that they do not obscure the lesser ones,
and consider carefully any personal con-
veniences of yourself and members of your
family in how they will actually use the
garden. This means that the small fruits
and berry bushes might be nearer the
house than the taller orchard trees. A
garden that shows on the face of it that it
has been carefully planned and well thought
out makes a far better impression on the
casual observer, and by planting in regular
lines at proper distance, the labor of cul-
tivation is reduced to a minimum.

By planning your orchard now you will
have plenty of opportunity to consider
the source of supply. Study the catalogues
and varieties offered by the different
dealers. Nurserymen who advertise in
reputable publications can be relied upon
every time. They have a reputation to
maintain and a growing business to live
up to. The actual prices quoted for the
nursery stock are not necessarily the proper
comparison of values. Local conditions
very largely control the prices of stock.
The amateur purchaser should realize that
he is entirely in the hands of the man who
sells. A great many of you who read this,

JANUARY, 1912

without a question, could not tell one
variety of apple from another, while the
trees are dormant, and in your dealings you
must rely on the honesty of the nursery-
man. Good stock will naturally cost
more than poor stock. The average man,
uninitiated, is likely to be deceived by
appearances in judging qualities of stock.
Take two nurseries —one where root
pruning was attended to regularly and
another where the roots were never touched.
Mr. Average Man would select stock from
the latter place simply because the trees
would show more growth and would look
more vigorous; whereas, as a matter of
fact, that stock is not worth to him one
half what the root pruned stock is. Trees
that have been transplanted in the nursery
(which is equivalent to root pruning, be-
cause you cannot move the root system
entire) have a dense ball of fibrous roots
and will move with absolute certainty.
But such trees take twice as long to de-
velop to saleable size. The root-pruned
tree suffers no shock from transplanting,
however, and starts growing in its new
place with actually increased vigor. A
young tree badly checked in transplanting
never recovers its vigor. Remember
that — never!

On a plot of ground 150x go ft. you
can reasonably grow fruit sufficient for a
dozen people. I would plant on such
a space 6 apples, 6 pears, 2 cherries, 8
peaches, 2 quinces, 16 grapes, 50 black-
berries, 50 raspberries, 15 gooseberries,
16 currants, 500 strawberries. All of
which could be purchased for about forty
dollars. A practical scheme for such a
quantity is shown in the accompanying
sketch. The quantities indicated can, of
course, be divided in half for a family of
six, and otherwise in ratio.

If the space is restricted, dwarf trees
can be planted and trained on trellises and

Pruning Dormant Fruit Trees— By W. H. Jenkens,

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

This old orchard was pruned to give the largest bearing surface of healthy wood: this system with culti-
vation in summer and cover crops in winter gives maximum yields of fruit

thus you could actually get the same
number of varieties in a space of 150 x
45 {t. The rows can run in any direction,
but preferably north and south, in order
to get the most even distribution of light.
The trees for the smaller area would cost
one-third to one-half more than the stan-
dard trees, for the larger space, and be-
sides there would be the cost of the trellis
added. The initial expense of the dwarf
tree is greater, but it has the advantage
of quicker returns and economy of space.

It costs just as much to plant and care
for a tree of inferior quality as it does for
the best, yet the average person, when
he wants to plant apple trees, just buys
““apple trees” never considering that there
are hundreds of varieties of apples, and
that each variety has its own merits and
limitations, as adaptability to certain
soils, hardiness under trying circumstances,
or the quality of fruit. All selections of
varieties must be largely personal pref-
erence, and local adaptation.

New
York

WINTER WORK AMONG THE ORCHARD FRUITS THAT WILL SAVE LABOR IN SUMMER
PREVENT DISEASE AND ENSURE BETTER FRUIT—HOW TO

pec pruning when the leaves are all
off the trees and at any time when the
weather is not actually freezing. Use the
brush for fuel, and so get the orchard
all cleaned up before spring.

The most useful tool for the work of prun-
ing is a fine tooth saw about two feet long.
Of course special pruning saws are made,
but if these are not easy to obtain, buy
an ordinary hand saw of the size you de-
sire. Probably the hardware merchant
from whom you buy keeps short handled
pruning shears for one hand, and those
with long handles for both hands. You
will find both really useful, though while
the pruning shears will not be used as
much as the saw for pruning trees, they
are excellent for pruning cane, vine and

bush fruits. I think the whole outfit can
be purchased for about two dollars.

The healthy tree in good form and con-
dition for bearing, should not be pruned
very much in one year, for the larger the
leaf surface, the greater the growth.
About go per cent. of the food is absorbed
from the atmosphere through the leaves,
and every leaf-bearing branch that is cut
out reduces the feeding capacity of the
tree. We should prune not to diminish the
size of the tree, unnecessarily, but (1), to
let in the sunshine and thin the fruit so
that all left will ripen properly and be also
of larger size, and (2), to cut out diseased
wood. Any more pruning is injurious to
the tree. When the apple trees were
planted they should have been headed

FEED ECONOMICALLY

back to about three feet, and while pruning
after that strive in a general way for the
vase shape, but do not cut off too much
growth to get it. In other words use
common sense in pruning —just try to
keep the centre of the tree open, cutting
off branches that will grow too close to-
gether, but after all mostly letting the tree
have its own way. Young trees that have
been planted only a few years, will need
some attention now. Clip off the sprouts
growing in the centre, using the small prun-
ing shears, and have them sharp. This is
important in any pruning work; never
crush the wood, but make a clean close
cut that will quickly heal.

When pruning the large bearing tree,
cut out all the dead or dying branches.

266

These are usually the result of ‘“‘fire
blight,” a bacterial disease, for which
the only known remedy is to cut off the
diseased wood, and doing it some little
way back beyond where it is healthy,
disinfect both the wound and saw with
corrosive sublimate (one part to 1000
parts of water), and cover the wound with
gas tar. Next, notice where the branches
are thickening up, so as to exclude the sun-
shine and thin judiciously. The tree
should be pruned so that the sun will
shine some time during the day on every
twig that will bear fruit. This will also
thin the fruit and it also faciliates spraying,
for pruning should always precede spraying.
Now all pruning operations must be
governed by the previous treatment of the
tree. If it has been
pruned low down,
with open centre,
try to preserve the
original form as far
as you can, and re-
tain plenty of strong
healthy wood for
bearing surface, but
don’t spoil the tree
or sacrifice a good
crop of apples to get
the tree in ideal
shape. Pruning is
not an end, only a
means to an end.
Usually the old
apple tree that has
become weak and
diseased so that it
appears to be good
only for fuel, can
be renewed in much
less time than it
takes to grow a new
tree; if it has a
large root growth
and a healthy trunk
and branches, plan
to grow an entirely
new head. The
right thing to do is
to let the tree stand
and cut back the
larger branches to
stubs, according to
the condition of the
nee, (COnjeie eylll
wounds with gas tar,
as should be done
in all pruning opera-
tions. Many “water
sprouts” will grow
on these branches.
Thin them and allow
the strongest to
grow so as to form
the right shaped
head. If you wish
to change the va-
riety, you can graft
in due season. In
three to four years
you will have a new
tree that will bear

Plant one apple tree, at least.
real shade tree.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

many large crops of fine apples provided
you feed, cultivate, spray and prune it
intelligently.

Other fruit trees that should be pruned
mostly during their dormant season, if
pruned at all, are pears, cherries, peaches,
plums, quinces, and nectarines. Pears of
slow growth, like Bartlett, and Seckel,
need but little pruning. Just pinch off
some sprouts on the centre of the young
trees to start them rightly, and if on only
moderately rich soil they need but little
else. Kieffer pears which make a more
rapid growth than other kinds, generally
are better for some pruning on the same
principles as we prune apple trees.

I do not prune cherries ordinarily,
except to head them low, and thin the

It is worth while both for ornament and utility, and in time becomes a
Note the vase-like form, which is the ideal

JANUARY, 1912

branches when too close together, but let
Nature have her own way, and I get a
better and more symmetrical tree. For-
merly we have believed that peaches and
plums should have much of their wood
cut off annually, especially in rich soils; but
progressive growers are now doing much
less pruning and part of this is done in
summer to check growth, and induce
early bearing. I believe more and more
that it is against nature to prune any tree
heavily in one year. When pruning trees
prepare them for later spraying for insect
and scale diseases by scraping off the loose
bark. Insects, fungi, etc., usually pass the
winter under the bark and in crevices of
the tree. In this way the pear psylla
winters safely. March and April spraying
is more effective
when the loose bark
is removed.

During winter is
also a good time to
study the matter of
fertilizers for the
trees. There is too
much money thrown
away in buying com-
mercial fertilizers.
We cannot afford to
feed our trees with
chemicals alone;
they lack the one
essential, humus.
Stable manure com-
posted with raw
ground phosphate
rock is about all
that can be desired
as fertilizer for our
trees, if supple-
mented with some
potash in the form
of wood ashes or
muriate of potash;
and those who keep
animals can use the
ground rock in the
stable in the winter,
and so cheaply make
an ideal fertilizer for
all their fruits. Do
not pay for stable
manure when cover
crops can be grown.
Tf your land will not
grow clover, try a
dressing of lime in
early spring. Apply
one ton of stone, or
caustic, or two tons
of air slacked or
ground lime to or-
dinary soils for grow-
ing clover as a cover
crop. Slack stone
lime by covering
with earth, then
spread and harrow
in. Clover and
chemicals will feed
trees more cheaply
than stable manure.

ae Sd ieee

Garden Reports

NG the coming year we purpose
publishing a series of short articles
on the school garden work which each state
is doing. This is so that we may all have
in mind the progress of the garden
movement.

The first articles in this series consists of
reports from Ohio and Canada. The offi-
cers of the National Garden Association
- will make reports for their states. After
this the state chairmen will report for their
states. The association has appointed a
chairman from each state so that local
meetings may be called. The work will
be gathered together and the final report
presented each July at the yearly meeting
with the National Educational Association.

The publishing of these short state re-
ports is not for the benefit of the members
of the garden association only but as a
matter of very general interest to all. It
is not the school people only who are in-
terested in children’s garden work. Clubs,
business firms and charity organizations
are working along these lines. So this
general survey of work is. planned to bring
with it helpful suggestions for those who
desire to start work in gardening and those
who are now at work. Each state will
contribute its story even if this story be
but a mere statement that the state has
done nothing so far for children’s gardens,

Elementary Agriculture in the
School Curriculum

— Department of Education of
the Province of Ontario is seeking
through the encouragement of school
gardens to introduce the teaching of
elementary agriculture and horticulture
into rural and village schools on a basis
that is sound pedagogically. Some years
ago the subject was an obligatory one in
the public school course of study and a
text book on agriculture was authorized
and used. With teachers untrained in the
work, the study became another “‘book-
subject” and after a few years was re-
moved from the list of obligatory subjects.
With the introduction of nature study
into the 1904 courses of study there was a
revival of official encouragement and de-

A PROPOSED PLAN OF SCHOOL GARDEN
REPORTS GIVEN STATE BY STATE—

GARDEN WORK IN CANADA ENCOUR-
AGED BY MEANS OF SPECIAL GRANTS
—WORK DONE IN OHIO— PRACTICAL
SUGGESTIONS FROM METHODS USED
IN CLEVELAND’S GARDEN WORK

Conducted by
ELLEN EDDY SHAW
New York

finite topics in gardening and plant studies
were prescribed. Since then there has
been a slow but steady growth of practical
plant studies through school gardens.
The Department encourages the work

by special and liberal grants. To any rural
or village school, which establishes a garden
and gives satisfactory instruction in agri-
culture through the employment of a
teacher holding a certificate in elementary
agriculture and horticulture, an annual
grant of $30.00 is made, the teacher re-
ceiving an additional $30.00. For the first
year the grant to the school is $50.00 to
meet the extra expenses of fencing and
training. The trustees are obliged to use
the money solely for the purposes of en-
couraging agricultural education. This per-
mits its use for the purchase of agricultural
text books for the school library, agricul-
tural papers for the pupils’ use, vines and
shrubs for improving the school property,
as well as fencing, draining, manuring,
providing tools and tool house.

At the present time there are about two
hundred and fifty teachers in the Province
holding the required certificate. This is
obtained by attending a ten weeks’ course
at the Ontario Agricultural College,
Guelph, during a spring term or by taking
two summer sessions in July and a winter’s
reading course. The teachers in the spring
classes come direct from the provincial
normal schools with all expenses for board,
traveling and tuition met by the Govern-
ment. Many of these teachers take posi-
tions in schools where for different reasons
they do not commence school gardens but
from all of them come reports of good work
being done in agricultural teaching. Many
have home-gardening schemes in operation
among their pupils. As there are about
five thousand rura! schools in the Province,
it may be seen that the problem is not yet
solved nor the field covered; there are good
hopes however of the experiment leading
to plans that may be widely accepted.

In the year ror there were thirty-eight
schools that received grants for their garden
work. This was more than twice as many
as existed in rg10. There are prospects
of a large increase in 1912. It is estimated
that there may be besides one hundred
schools carrying on gardening in their
school grounds, but as the teachers are not

267

certificated, no grants are given at present.
The work has been taken up in Perth,
Lincoln and Kent counties most exten-
sively, the first two counties have each
five gardens and Kent county has six.
The western counties of the Province have
taken up the work more than the eastern
counties.

In all the work, the teachers are assisted
by the Schools’ Division of the Experi-
mental Union. This is an organization
aiming to bring about codperation between
the Agricultural College and the schools.
Through this, schools are provided with
seeds, shrubs, vines, bulbs, tree seedlings
instruction sheets, and manuals on garden-
ing for the pupils.

S. B. McCreapy.

Director Elementary A gricultural Education for Ontario.

The School Garden Movement
in Ohio
Ge DISCUSS the garden movement
as carried on by the public schools
of Ohio would be to exclude much good
work which had its initiative under the
auspices of women’s clubs, home garden-
ing associations, private individuals, fac-
tories and other organizations. Permanent
and progressive results can only be secured
when the work is under the control of local
boards of education, supervised by effi-
cient officers and a regular part of the school
curriculum.

The Woman’s Club started the movemen.
in Cincinnati. Funds were secured from
private contributions, and from the pro-
ceeds of entertainments. The success at-
tained is the result of the unbounded en-
thusiasm and indomitable energy of the
supervisor. The work has grown to such
proportions that an effort is being made
to have the expense and responsibility
assumed by the Board of Education that
it may have the financial and educational
background its significance merits.

Splendid work has been done in the Boys’
School Garden of a large factory at Day-
ton. This school is happily situated in the
region of the factory and comes in for a
good share of patronage of the president.
In fact, it was at his suggestion that the
school gardens were first started.

The garden is immediately adjacent to

268

the large school yard and contains seventy-
two garden beds each ten by five feet, sur-
rounded by a. beautiful lawn and all en-
closed with fine shrubbery. In the spring
months early.vegetables such as lettuce,
onions, radishes and beans are grown, and
by the end of June these are succeeded by
tiny plants of hardy annuals — such as

cosmos, nasturtiums, salvia, candytuft
dahlias, asters, poppies, verbenas and
larkspur.

The Board of Education of Dayton has
purchased about an acre and one half of
land for trees and garden purposes.
At present there are planted about 500
trees, of twenty-eight different varieties.
During the summer there were 135 boys
and girls from the fourth to eighth grades
each having a vegetable garden 8 x 18 feet.
There were about 210 flower gardens.

In Sandusky the City Federation of
Woman’s Clubs distributes seeds each
spring and in the fall holds an exhibition
of products. Prizes are awarded for best
flowers and vege-
tables. Last spring
a vacant lot was
loaned to one school
for a garden and the
Board of Education
fenced and plowed
it. The garden con-
tained about one
hundred plots and
was very success-
ful.

The school gar-
dens maintained by
the Woman’s Club
of Toledo have been
placed under the
direction of the
Board of Educa-
tion.

There is a garden
for each school in
Piqua, O. One boy
made $100 from his
plot and spent $60 for a cow for his
mother and put $40 in the bank.

Garden work of some kind is being
undertaken in many cities of the state but
at present there is no organization and there
is not the official recognition the friends of
the movement expect in the near future.

The work in Cleveland began in 1904
under the joint auspices of the Home
Gardening Association and Board of Edu-
cation. There were four small gardens
that year. In 1905 a Department of
School Gardens was created by the Board
of Education under the direction of a
Curator; the only position of its kind in
the country. It was a logical and rational
step to take. Since that time there have
been gardens for normal children, back-
ward children, defective children, kinder-
garten children, crippled children. At one
time an exchange garden was maintained
from which one summer 25,000 plants were
given to the home gardens, and 25,000 to
the school gardens. A kitchen garden
afforded seventeen domestic science classes

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

the opportunity to raise the vegetables
they used in the cooking classes. The
kitchen was operated during the summer
with excellent results. The domestic
science work is a most important and
culminating feature of the school garden
work.

Last winter sixty illustrated lectures
were given in the schools by the Curator,
giving specific directions for preparing and
planting gardens. She also has charge of
all the landscape gardening for the beauti-
fying of the school grounds.

The Board of Education maintains the
Willard School Farm on the grounds of the
West Side Technical High School. The
Home Gardening Association has continued
its work inaugurated some time ago —
the training garden, vacant lot gardens
and home gardens. There were more than
30,000 house gardens last year.

The Garden Festival is the display of
products from the various garden agencies
of the city, and the products this year

The children of Cleveland find a real incentive for garden work in their kitchen gardens which supply the

material for the cooking classes

would have been a credit to professional
gardeners. The work has passed beyond the
stage of probation, and is now a recognized
factor in the educational, economic and
civic factor in the Forest City.

Cleveland, O. Louis—E KLern MILLER.
Curator of School Gardens.

A Boy’s Garden Record for 1911

[|X GIVING my garden record I wish to
say that my expenses were rather
high this year because of several things
which I needed. Instead of selling my
produce I used what I could of it at home
and the rest I gave to my neighbors. I
have tried to keep an accurate account of
all my things and all that came from the
garden I have estimated at grocery prices
which I obtained by calling the grocer on
the telephone. This I did in order to see
how much difference it would make in our
family expenses during the summer.

This spring I built a hotbed and had
quite good success for my first trial. I

JANUARY, 1912

raised my own tomato plants, aster plants
and radishes in this box. It was six by
three feet. I gave away eight dozen of
my tomato plants which were selling at the
florist’s for fifteen cents per dozen. I also
kept thirty-six plants for my own garden.
My asters I kept for my own and had a
little over three dozen which were worth
at the time about twenty-five cents per
dozen. My radishes did not develop very
well but I had a few which were good.
’ I now come to the garden proper. I
planted two rows of wax beans twenty
feet long and one row of green beans. From
this I received about ninety cents worth of
produce according to the store prices. I
also had two rows of beets which would
have netted me the sum of $1.10. I put
out thirty-six tomato plants, but owing
to blight many of the blossoms dropped off
early in the season. Later the tomatoes
began to ripen at the time when they were
worth eighteen cents per pound and have
yielded up to the present time. I had
quite a few green
ones on the vines in
late fall, which in all
I think would make
about a bushel. I
planted seven rows
of corn, three Early
and four Evergreen.
From the three rows.
of Early corn which
were twenty-five
feet long I picked
‘ fifty-four ears but
the other corn was.
attacked by cut
worms and therefore
I did not have as.
many ears as I
should have had. In
all I think there were
about fifty ears of
this. I also had rhu-
barb in the garden
which yielded about.
ten bunches at ten cents per bunch. As an
experiment I planted a few hills of musk-
melon among the corn. As soon as the corn
was gone I pulled up the stalks and let
the sun get at the melon vines. Although
they had quite a late start I picked six
good sized melons from three different
vines. I have a small walk which runs.
down one side of my garden and to the
right of this walk I have a strawberry
patch which I put out this spring. This
patch is about eight feet wide and twenty-
five feet long. I expect a good return in
the spring from these plants as they have
shown good growth all summer.

My exact expenses for the summer were:
$11.74. And the amount which I think I
would have received for my produce at
the store prices and which I have itemized!
would come to $14.00. Besides this I
figure that the vegetables obtained are
much more tender and in every way better
than those which are usually bought at the
store.

Detroit, Mich. RosBeErtT L. PLues.

JANUARY, 1912

(Epiror’s Note.—We want to know how suc-
cessful workers do things im order to put actual
experiences before our thousands of readers in all
parts of the country. Every reader is invited to con-
tribute a short note on some interesting experience.
Just state the facts about some ingenious idea that you
have actually worked out yourself or have seen.)

Blue salvia

Why is it that when the scarlet salvia is
so commonly grown as to fairly dazzle
our eyes every summer, its relative, the
perennial blue salvia (Salita azurea), is
almost unknown? It is a beautiful shade
of nearly sky blue. The plants are hardy
so that they do not require setting each
year, but in time will make a good clump.
They are very readily grown from seed; I
picked a few seeds in the fall and rather
late in spring tucked them into a flower pot
without much expectation of good results,
but I had several sturdy young plants
blooming the first year. The color is so
excellent that a massed planting would
certainly be most effective.—A. H. B.,
Penna.

Figs

I was interested in reading in the Sept-
ember GARDEN MaGazine, Mrs. G. F.
M. S.’s description of growing figs in a cold
climate. At the Missouri Botanical Gar-
den, St. Louis, there is a stone wall seven
or eight feet high, along the south side of
which figs are grown every summer.
The figs are growing permanently in the
ground. The stems of some of the plants
are four inches or more in diameter. To
protect these figs during the winter the
branches, which are pliable, are laid down
and covered with straw in sufficient quan-
tity to keep them from freezing. This
winter protection is given on the approach
of cold weather in the fall and removed
after the danger of frost is past in the spring.
In a Massachusetts town thirty miles
from Boston, there is a fig tree which has
grown for years and of which I have per-
sonal knowledge. This is really growing
in what one might call a greenhouse, but
is nothing more than a deep pit. The pit
is about eight feet deep and the glass over it
is almost flush with the ground, the wall
extending above the surface of the soil
just enough to prevent the entrance of
surface water. The protection afforded
by the glass has carried this fig tree through
the rigors of a Massachusetts winter with-
out the use of fire heat or any further pro-
tection. I have eaten ripe figs from this

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

fig tree, as well as from the trees growing
in the Missouri Botanical Garden, and I
can see no reason why amateur gardeners
anywhere here in the North should not
enjoy this delicious fruit fresh from their
own plants. — P. T. B., Penna.

Hepaticas in January

Last December, while walking in the
wood, I spied 2 few hepatica leaves. With
a jack-knife I cut the plant out of its icy
bed, taking care to get a good chunk of
soil, too. I carefully carried it home,
potted it, and placed it in a cold room for
a week, then brought it gradually to a
warmer place and finally to a sunny win-
dow. In about six weeks I had the first
flower which was followed by several
perfect specimens.—G., New York.

Transplanting mignonette

For four successive summers I have had
a wealth of bloom from mignonette seed
sown in March or April under glass. Last
summer I transplanted in May more than
a hundred young plants from the green-
house to my garden, and lost but two. And
yet in the May number of THE GARDEN
MaGaAZInE the statement is made “ Mig-
nonette will not stand transplanting!”
The varieties I use are Machet and De-
fiance. I have frequently given some of
my young mignonette plants to friends
and they have all reported excellent suc-
cess, some of them having had the plants
succeed where the outdoor-sown seed
failed — A. S. H., Penna. [It is possible
to transplant almost anything with great
care, but as the average person does it,
with the average plant, the practice is
not a sure one with many annuals, like
poppy and mignonette— THE Eprrors.]

The hollyhock disease

A row of hollyhocks four years old was
attacked with a disease last year. I began
spraying with Bordeaux mixture when the
leaves were quite small and kept it up for
two months, with no good results. I
destroyed this row and started a new one
with about thirty fine plants in a new
location. They did splendidly until they
were about two feet high, when the disease
appeared and steadily robbed them of their
foliage. The flowers amounted to almost
nothing. In contrast to this sad story,
there was a cluster of perfectly healthy,
splendid looking plants back of a shed in
poor ground where some chance seeds
must have dropped. Now what is one
to do? —M.H., Penna. [Give up growing
hollyhocks for a year or two on infected
soil THE EprTors.|

Watch your crocuses!

Hens and crocuses are incompatible!
A hen turned out to pasture during the
sunny hours of a January or February
thaw will eat off every one of the white
“eye-teeth” of your sprouting bulbs. Per-
haps she takes them for truffles out of
season; at any rate, she will see to it that
your spring flowers go to roost at evening
under her own feathers! This is sad

269

tidings, unwelcome at a time when fresh
eggs are “up” and poultry keeping a fad.
But from a tragedy of my own garden I
want to warn other crocus-owners. Mice
are very dangerous to potted crocuses in
the cellar, too. The remedy is to keep
potted crocuses on a swinging shelf out of
easy reach, to set traps with apple or turnip
as well as cheese, and to feed the family cat
half-rations for a while. — E. S. J., Penna.

Parsley as a house plant

By taking three small parsley plants
from the garden in the fall, planting them
in a five or six-inch pot, and placing them
in a shady place for a few days before
giving them sun, you will have a pretty
plant for the table all winter, as well as
one which will furnish a garnish for salads
or flavoring for soup. Occasionally give
the plant some sun. — W. B. G., New
York.

Using old seed

In one of the numbers of THE GARDEN
MacGazineE, I read that one should throw
away old lettuce, carrot and parsnip seed.
However, I have had parsnip seed germ-
inate the second season; and several times
I have planted old lettuce seed and have
grown as good crops as if I had used new
seed. The only time I ever used old carrot
seed I had a very good result. — G. H.,
New Jersey. [Very likely! Some seed
does better its second year, but the danger
lies in your ignorance of its age when you
buy it; and again you may not keep it
properly.—THE Eprrors.]

Seed pods sprouting

This summer a curious thing happened
to my sweet Williams. The flower stalks
had been left on, when a_ three-day
storm set in—three days of rain with
never a ray of sunshine. When the sun
did come out and garden work was
possible, I was surprised to see the sweet
William plants with tufts of green held
up high above the leaves. All the seeds
had sprouted in the pods! I picked one
of the clusters and planted it as it was, but
the tiny plants did not live, and those
left on the plant soon withered in the sun-
shine. — S. T. H., Long Island.

Self=sown phlox

Some of the “wise ones” have written
that when the perennial phlox goes to
seed, it is better to pull up the seedlings
as they have a tendency to revert to the
original type, an ugly purplish pink. In my
garden some of my prettiest varieties are
self-sown. I had five or six original
plants from deep red to white, all self-
colored. Some of my seedlings show white
ground with deep pink eye, pink with a
much deeper eye, and one especially hand-
some one shows the white ground, bright
pink eye, and all the trumpet a correspond-
ing bright pink, making a curious and
beautiful effect. It seems to me, if one
has room, it might be better to let the
seedlings bloom once before weeding out
the objectionable colors. —H., New York.

A New Vegetable Soup

Or of our family soups is made
without meat, milk or stock. We
especially enjoy it when the early summer
vegetables are first coming into use, but
it is also much appreciated during winter.

It is made by grinding, coarsely, { cup

young carrots, { cup cabbage (or small
cabbage leaves), + cup turnips, % cup
celery (or celery tops or small plants),
1 small onion.

Put these ingredients into a hot frying
pan with one heaping tablespoonful of
butter and let it fry slowly for five minutes
until delicately browned. Add 1 quart
of boiling water, 1 teaspoonful of salt;
remove to a granite stew pan and cook
twenty minutes. Then add 4 cup of
sliced potatoes, 1 teaspoonful chopped
parsley, 3 cup of tomatoes or tomato
juice. Boil one-half hour longer, strain
through a coarse sieve, and season with
pepper and more salt if desired. If too
thick add more water.

We use this recipe often, varying from
time to time by the omission of some
vegetables, such as tomatoes or carrots,
and substituting others, such as young
peas, beets, scraped corn, etc. Sometimes
we add a cup of cream or milk, especially
if peas or corn are used.

Idaho. Mrs. E. H. PLlownHeap.

Creole Salad

REOLE salad is excellent for luncheon.
It is made of two cupfuls of white
grapes, halved and seeded, two cupfuls
canned salmon, one cupful of chopped
celery, one cupful of mayonnaise dressing.
Shred the salmon with a silver fork, add
the grapes, celery and dressing, and mix
thoroughly. Garnish with slices of lemon
and celery tops.

Washington, D.C. Mrs. J. J. O'C.

Pop-Overs

FOR making old-fashioned ‘‘pop overs”
I find it better to use earthenware
cups than the regular “gem” pans. The
cakes are more puffy and are lighter and
more tender. One reason for this, I
think, is that the cups are deeper than
the pans. I heat the cups on the stove
while mixing the batter and when they
are well heated, I grease them thoroughly

with lard. If butter is used, the salt
in it sticks to the batter in the cups,
thus making it hard to take the puffs from
the cups. I fill the cups full and put
them into a very hot oven in order to make
them rise well and quickly.

Connecticut. IsaBELLE T. BRADIN.

An Omelette Secret

O YOUR omelettes ever fall as flat
as the proverbial pancake? Mine
almost always did until I learned the bak-
ing powder secret. Beat the yolks of
four eggs until light. Add two table-
spoons of water, one-half teaspoon of
baking powder, one-fourth teaspoon of
saltandadashof pepper. Beat thoroughly.
Beat the whites until perfectly stiff and
fold into the other mixture. Put just
enough butter or salt pork drippings into
the frying pan to keep the omelette from
sticking. Cook the mixture on the top
of the stove until the edges of the omelette
begin to fall away from the pan. The
odor will tell you if it begins to get too
brown. After the under side is brown,
put the frying pan on the oven grate with
the oven door open until the omelette sets.
Roll and serve like any omelette. If
you consider the use of baking powder
unsportsmanlike, no one but the cook
need know.

New Hampshire. M. W. P.

Hints for Housekeepers

aes KEEP flat irons from rusting, after

each week’s ironing wash the irons in
the dishwater, after it has become somewhat
greasy. Rinse them thoroughly with scald-
ing water. Wipe the irons with a towel
and put them in a warm place until thor-
oughly dry. — Mrs. G. P., New Hamp-
shire.

A fruit or wine stain on a tablecloth
is easily removed without wetting the
whole cloth. Take everything off the
table — but do not remove the cloth.
Set a good sized bowl directly under the
spot and pour boiling water from the tea
kettle through it. Probably one bowlful
of water will do the business, but f not,
empty the bowl and pour more water
on. When quite clean let the cloth lie
on a plate till nearly dry and then iron it.
—J. M. E., New Jersey.

270

Some years ago I bought a house that
was supposed to be heated by a hot air
furnace but as it happens in about all
such conditions, in cold weather it was
only partially heated. I enlisted the
services of the furnace man who, after
much figuring, informed me that the fur-
nace then installed was too small and that
I should have one two sizes larger. Before
deciding, I visited a number of houses
that had hot air furnaces and I then
settled on a furnace even two sizes larger
than the one the furnace-man had ordered.
I now have a warm house. Every room
is warm and I use but little more coal than
I did in the first furnace. It takes a lot
of coal to start the fire, but, after that, a
thin coating of coal with a slow fire will
produce a most satisfactory heat. A big
furnace with a slow fire is certainly the
solution of heating with a hot-air furnace.
—L. J. D., Massachusetts.

Save the tissue paper from the Christ-
mas parcels and use it to rub off the grease
from dinner plates, platters, spiders, and
other kitchen utensils. This prevents the
gathering of the horrid rim of cold grease
around the sides of the dish pan, if the
dishes are washed without proper scraping.
— A.C. G., New York.

I often spend my week ends at a little
house in the woods, and do all the house-
work there myself. My scheme for a
kitchen apron is a good one, I think, for
it can be made very cheaply, will keep
clean and last a long time. From one
and two-thirds yards of enamel cloth,
such as is used to
put on the top of
desks, tables, etc.,
and which costs but
a trifle, I made a
long apron that completely covers
my ordinary apron and my dress. I
cut the top like the illustration and have
seams on the shoulders only. The seams
and the hems are easily sewed on the
machine. When the dishes are done the
apron can be wiped over with a damp cloth.
I experimented to see whether it was safe
to use about the stove, and found that a
piece of the enamel cloth took fire much
more slowly than a piece of gingham.
Such an apron would also be excellent to
wear when watering plants.— M. F. B.,
Massachusetts.

Decorating the Luncheon Table—By Mary H. Northend, “2:

t sis

Purple grapes, apples and bananas grouped in a green and white basket. A low basket filled with apples, pears, etc., brightly colored leaves, which
Asparagus fern is used sparingly but effectively. Small crystal candlesticks repeat the tints of the fruit, outlining the basket upon the table. The
complete this centrepiece handle is twined with the leaves

A toy wheelbarrow forms the basis of this novel decoration. Strings of smilax In this the pineapple rests on a tin pan hidden by asparagus fern. Around
are so twined and interwoven as to partially conceal the wheelbarrow, which it are grouped blue grapes, yellow bananas, and oranges. The fern fronds lend
is filled with fruit the finishing touch

Russet pears, red apples and bananas, heaped in a graceful wicker basket, Use laurel or lilac leaves when little color is wanted. They are particularly
decorated with leaves and ferns effective with red and yellow apples.

271

Fall vs. Spring Planting Again

N VIEW of your warning in the October

“Month’s Reminder” not to attempt fall

planting in the Middle West, my experience may
be of interest.

The climatic conditions prevailing along the
west shore of Lake Michigan north of Chicago are
exceptionally trying, and the winter of 1910-11
was typical, perhaps even more so. In November,
t910, I planted some 175 hardy shrubs, consisting
of viburnums, berberis, cornus, deutzias, spireas,
wiegelas, hydrangea, altheas, loniceras, snow-
berries, ribes, and cydonias. These were all
fairly large stock, some of the varieties exceptionally
so. The entire planting came through the winter
without loss of a single shrub, and are in fine con-
dition. Only the bush honeysuckles showed any
abnormal amount of dead wood, and as they were
of exceptional size I am not certain that a similar
condition would not have resulted from planting
in the spring.

I am the veriest novice and do not feel that
exceptional care in planting or thereafter assured
this result. The ground was a heavy clay, and in
order to make it friable we put a layer of sand and
another of manure over the border, spaded it to a
depth of twelve or fifteen inches and allowed it to
stand for about four weeks, when the operation
was repeated. After planting, when the ground
had frozen up, a mulch of leaves and manure was
spread over all to a depth of about three inches,
and this was not removed until all danger of freez-
ing was over in the spring. In contrast, I planted
some Philadelphus and Spiraea prunifolia last
spring, and while the former has made a fair be-
ginning, neither approaches the condition of the
fall-planted shrubbery.

Glencoe, Ill. CHAS. VON WELLER.

Why We Lime the Garden

HE practice of liming farm lands is more than

a century old, yet the scientific mechanism
of the action has never been fully understood until
recent years. It has always been said that “‘sour”
soils need lime to “‘sweeten” them, and that is true.
Some farm crops such as clover will not do well in
sour or acid soil. but this acidity is more safely cor-
rected by limestone dust than by burnt lime. Each
neutralizes acid, but the limestone has no effect
on the other materials of the soil. On the other
hand, caustic lime goes farther and decomposes
organic matter, such as the humus of the soil, mak-
ing it more readily available for crop needs. This
is objectionable on a farm, for the land is thus
robbed of its plant food too rapidly, and in the
long run, the total yield is lessened unless heavy
manuring is done so as to replace the excessive
drains.

In a garden the economic considerations are
different. It is necessary that a great deal of plant
food be made rapidly available in order to force
the vegetables. The special needs and returns
make a powerful soil stimulant, such as burnt lime,
a profitable agent. The gardener can afford and
is willing to replace these heavy losses of food from
his soil by frequent applications of fertilizers.

Be careful, however, not to mix the lime with a
fertilizer containing ammonium salts as the am-
monia will be driven into the air by the caustic
action of the lime. They must be applied at dif-
ferent times.

To sum it up, the garden does not demand lime

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

unless it is actually sour, but a light application
will force the vegetables by converting the plant
food into a more soluble form. The extra loss from
the soil must be made good by that much more
fertilizer.

Indiana. Harry N. Homes.

A Note from a Suffragette

M* LOVE for gardening is so great that if I
can inoculate others and teach them a
little of the joys of garden ownership, I shall not
have lived m vain.

My garden is a “suffragette,” ruled and cared
for by a woman. It only needs a man’s strength
when new beds are made or the grass cut, and
even that is within my power, were not my hus-
band’s reputation as a husband at stake. Either
he would suffer in the minds of the neighbors or
I would develop a reputation for insanity. As
it is, probably ’m pointed out as a harmless
monomaniac, because my gardening operations
have to be performed in public, and they are
pretty constant. Trying to have a bit of lawn, a
tidy garden free from weeds, with plants well
staked, and dead blossoms clipped off, keeps one
busy when not otherwise engaged. I make that
time uncertain, endeavoring not to discourage
tentative gardeners. The truth is that if you
love your plants you want to be eternally with
them.

After reading many of the garden guides, listen-
ing to the opinions of every authority who will
discourse learnedly, and trying each method
recommended, I have evolved ways of my own.

My first bed was dug by an experienced old
gardener who rather scratched over the soil with
a spade and incorporated a quantity of exhausted
manure that had been lying on the lawn all winter.
I viewed the operations with distrust, but, for
some contrary reason, that has proved my most
satisfactory bed, the texture of soil light, the color
dark; plants flourish and blossom there and never
seem to be afflicted with disease or death.

The next beds were constructed in a more
business-like fashion, and according to printed
directions were dug out to a depth of two feet and
filled in carefully with top soil and well rotted
manure. They looked ideal but have proved
unsatisfactory, because they dry out too rapidly

and their inmates sulk —refuse to blossom, and.

disappear on the slightest provocation... *

Now I have my Italian laborer cut.off-the sod
and loosen up the earth to the depth of one foot,
laying the sod, upside down, at the bottom of the
bed. I have one load of well-rotted manure put
on top of a bed fifty by six feet. Mixed with
the earth rather casually at first, and allowed to
settle for two weeks if there is plenty of rain to
help it, or longer if necessary. Then it is worked
over until fine and well mixed. That seems to be
the perfect plant home, but my ground floor and
cellar are naturally advantageous with a good
rich soil and a clay subsoil.

None of my annuals or perennials throw their
roots any distance down except a few monopolists
like roses and hollyhocks, and they have beds
specially prepared for their needs.

If the earth is sour—and you’ll find clover
won’t grow where there is excess of acidity, and
sorrel will—correct the condition by mixing
lumps of lime with the soil, plowing it in. This is
a better way than scattering the pulverized lime
over the surface.

About twenty-five bushels of lime to the acre
seems right. It is so hard to get advice as to the
right amount, opinions varying. I have been told
to use anything from two to fifty bushels, and one
friend whose business is growing plants, frankly
acknowledged that he “didn’t know.” Another
said, ‘“enough to make the ground look as though
it had been visited by a baby snow-storm.”

If my readers will dig as constantly and per-
sistently as I do, they’ll settle all undecided points
for themselves.

My first and second years were failures; by
the third year I had plenty of nasturtiums, and now
I have everything I want. Perhaps this proves
that time and hard work will bring success to
other suffragettes!

Pennsylvania. Awe Le

JANUARY, 1912

RS

Mix Your Own Fertilizer

Vou would not call a farmer a good business

man, were he to buy somebody’s “Complete
Prepared Food” for cows, instead of going into the
market and buying corn-meal, wheat bran and
cotton seed meal at market prices. The so-called
“complete prepared food” would probably con-
tain the same ingredients mixed together and the
price would be perhaps double what they could be
bought for separately. It is the same with plant
foods. Buy them in the cheapest and best forms
and mix them yourself.

By e. “complete”’ fertilizer is meant a fertilizer
containing phosphoric acid, nitrogen and potash.
The two principal sources of phosphoric acid are
bones and rock phosphate, the latter being the
cheapest. The phosphate rock is found in large
deposits in Florida and South Carolina, and is
supposed to be composed of the petrified bones
and excrements of extinct animals and when
ground-and treated with sulphuric acid, the larger
part of ‘the phosphoric acid contained becomes
soluble in water. Nitrate of soda and cotton
seed meal are most commonly used to obtain
nitrogen.

Cotton seed meal is cotton seed with the hull
removed and the oil extracted and, on an average,
contains 7 per cent. nitrogen, 23 per cent. phosphoric
acid and 14 per cent. potash. The nitrogen, how-
ever, is not as soluble as that contained in nitrate
of soda.

The cheapest sources of potash are muriate of
potash and wood ashes. Wood ashes, if unleached,
contain from 3 to 5 per cent. of potash depending
upon the kind of wood they are from. Muriate of
potash, after being refined, contains about 50 per
cent. actual potash. SAN

For a complete fertilizer analyzing say ro per
cent. phosphoric acid, 3 per cent. nitrogen and 3 per
cent. potash, you will pay in the neighborhood of
$30 per ton. The 10-3-3 goods are used commonly
in the South for cotton and corn. To mix one
ton of fertilizers so analyzing, and save at least
$6, will require:

Acid phosphate 14% .. 1484 lbs, at $0.75 per10o $11.13
Nitrate of soda TOG Gor 6s) Gaye ssOmeuman 9.78
Muriate of potash 50%.. 125 “ “ $2.50 “ “ 3.12

Total 2000 lbs. cost, $24.03

Cotton seed meal may be substituted wholly
or in part, bearing in mind that 16 per cent. nitrate
of soda means that each 100 pounds contains 16
pounds of soluble nitrogen and that cotton seed
meal contains 7 pounds nitrogen, 2; pounds
phosphoric acid and 13 pounds of potash for each
too pounds. How can the farmer save money
more easily than by buying the three necessary
plant foods separately and mixing them himself?

Four or five hundred pounds is the most con-
venient amount to mix at one time. Shoveling
the pile over three or four times or until it is a
uniform color is sufficient. O, A. SPENCER.

An Ever-Blooming Bellflower

MoE bellflowers have a sharply defined period

of bloom, but the wild harebell (C. rotundi-
folia) gives scattering bloom all summer, and so does
the Carpathian bellflower. We have seen a good
many flowers on the latter as late as the middle of

September. It might be called the only ever-
blooming bellflower. It is the most perma-
nent of the dwarf bellflowers also. Once

established it multiplies so that you can make
edgings of it. W. M.

i — Pat

JANUARY, 1912

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

from the chaff — to condense and simplify it until it could be easily understood even
by the man who knows nothing about trees or their care. They did it, and did it well.

Think what such a book means to you! No one man, however weli informed,
could possibly prepare a book the equal of the Condensed Stark Year Book. No
one man’s lifetime could possibly cover the hundreds of experiments and tests of
varieties reported in this free book.

Let this new book be your planting guide-book. It will always be on hand to
answer perplexing questions. It will help you reduce mistakes; it may save you
from committing a costly error.

86 Years of Experience

The nursery methods used in growing Stark Trees and Ornamental stock are
86 years perfect. Four generations of scientists — experts in tree growing —
have devoted their lives to growing good trees.

Thousands upon thousands of satisfied planters of Stark Trees, in every nook
and corner of the country, prove that the work of these men is well done — that
Stark Trees are good trees.

And Stark Trees are good trees. They are well rooted trees. They are
thrifty. They are strong. With the ordinary care that any tree should have,
they will thrive and produce good fruit. And they are sold at prices no higher
than any tree-planter must expect to pay for a good, dependable tree.

A Free Counsel Service

But we do more than grow and sell good trees. Even Stark Trees and
Ornamentals, as good as they are, will not make a successful, profit-paying
orchard, or add the most beauty to the home grounds unless they receive good care.

So we have a Special Service Department for the purpose of helping and
counseling with tree-planters — to help them solve the many problems met in a
season's operations.

This department is in charge of experts in tree-planting and fruit culture.
These men have a wealth of information at their command — their training and
long experience amply qualifies them to counsel with you on any tree problem you
may put up to them. ‘Their time is yours, free for the asking. They will dig
into your problems with eagerness. And they will not rest until they have found
the exact information you need.

This New Stark Book is

Ready to Mail

There is a copy for You. It will be sent
Free on receipt of your name and address

Ask Us—Today—to Send You Your Copy

Just say on a post card, “Send me the new Condensed
Stark Year Book.” Then sign your name and address.
The next returning mail will bring you your copy

What This New Book Is

The Condensed Stark Year Book is a safe, trustworthy guide-book for planters of fruit trees, small
fruits or ornamentai trees and plants.

The wealth of information it carries is the work of many men. The brightest horticultural minds
and thousands of successful orchardmen in all parts of the country were called upon to furnish the
cream of their experiences on the many subjects related to tree-growing. To this has been added the
knowledge we have gained from our 86 years’ experience.

This great mass of matter was then turned over to our experts. We instructed them to sift the wheat

The greatest assistance these experts can render is in helping you to get started
right in the beginning. You know that an “ounce of prevention is worth a pound
of cure.” Why not, then, get in touch with us now on your planting plans for
next spring?

How About Your Home Grounds

Is your lawn or your garden as beautiful as it should be? Does its restful
beauty entice you to it after the busy, nerve-racking day at the office, or the
fatiguing round of social duties?

You can make it such a spot easily, quickly, and at small cost.

You do not need the services of a landscape architect or gardener. Without
charge our Special Service Department will advise with you, help you, direct you.
By using this service you can get the greatest results at the least cost.

Get Started Right

The only short cut to profit-success in fruit growing or home-grounds-planting
is good varieties, correct methods of planting and good care. It costs no more
to plant the best varieties of fruit trees or the most beautiful ornamentals than
the poorest. But what a difference there is in profits and in beauty!

Let us help you make a start that will be free from mistakes. On request our
Special Service Department will submit a list of varieties suitable for planting in
your locality. They will tell you when to do the planting and how to do it.
They will tell you the kind of care to give it to secure best results — and how to
give it. And remember, this service is free for the asking.

It is not too early to make your plans for spring planting. Putting it off until
spring opens is one of the most common and most costly mistakes. Start now;
get your plans settled, varieties selected, and your order placed. Early ordering
means the choicest stock, delivered at just the right time for planting.

For spring planting our stock of Stark Trees is complete — the quality is A-1
plus. We have in splendid assortment every good and desirable variety of fruit
trees and small fruits, nut trees, hardy ornamentals, shade trees. shrubs, climbers,
roses, paeonies, etc. Prices are no higher than you expect to pay for reliable
stock of known quality. Our reputation of 86 years’ standing stands back of
every tree leaving our nurseries. It is your safest guarantee of perfect satisfaction.

Start now — send today for your copy of the Condensed Stark Year Book.

STARK BRO’S NURSERIES & ORCHARDS CO.

DEPT. 123, LOUISIANA, MISSOURI

The Readers’ Service will give
OTA information about automobiles

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

From an old print in La Telegrafie Historique.

Napoleon’s Visual Telegraph
The First Long Distance System

Indians sent messages by means of
signal fires, but Napoleon established
the first permanent system for rapid
communication.

In place of the slow and unreliable ser-
vice of couriers, he built lines of towers
extending to the French frontiers and
sent messages from tower to tower by
means of the visual telegraph.

This device was invented in 1793 by
Claude Chappe. It was a semaphore.
The letters and words were indicated by
the position of the wooden arms; andthe
messages were received and relayed at the
next tower, perhaps a dozen miles away.

Compared to the Bell Telephone system

of to-day the visual telegraph system of
Napoleon’s time seems a crude make-
shift. It could not be used at night nor
in thick weather. It was expensive in
construction and operation, considering
that it was maintained solely for military
purposes.

Yet it was a great step ahead, because
it made possible the transmission of
messages to distant points without the
use of the human messenger.

It blazed the way for the universal
telephone service of the Bell System
which provides personal intercommuni-
cation for 90,000,000 people and is indis-
pensable for the industrial, commercial
and social progress of the Nation.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY
AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

One Policy

and dry woods.

as wellas shade.

One System

Start a Fernery

tia Brighten up the deep, shady nooks on your lawn, or that dark
porch corner —just the places for our hardy wild ferns and wild
flower collections. We have been growing them for 25 years and
know what varieties are suited to your conditions.

/ kind of soil you have — light, sandy, clay — and we will advise you.

Gillett’s Ferns and Flowers

will give the charm of nature to your yard. These include not only hardy wild
ferns, but native orchids, and flowers for wet and swampy spots, rocky hillsides,
We also grow such hardy flowers as primroses, campanulas
digitalis, violets, hepaticas, trilliums, and wild flowers which require open sunlight
If you want a bit of an oid-time wildwood garden, with flowers
just as nature grows them—send for our new catalogue and let us advise you
what to select and how to succeed with them.

EDWARD GILLETT, Box C, Southwick, Mass.

Universal Service

Tell us the

JANUARY, 1912

Planning the Garden

NES plans now for both home garden and
farm and toward the middle of January
commence carrying them out. Be sure to plan
for rotation of flowers, vegetables and field crops.
Remember that planting the same crop on the
same land every year rapidly exhausts the plant
food in the soil (as regards that particular crop)
as well as encourages disease and insects. The
farmer can change the situation of his garden each
year if he likes, but the suburbanite whose space is
limited cannot do this; therefore, he must practice
rotation if he expects to have good crops year after
year.

Help both yourself and your seedsman by order-
ing seeds during this month and avoid the rush

Plant Magnolia grandiflora (the best of all ever-
greens, because of the large flowers) during January
in the lower South

which occurs a little later. By all means try at
least a few novelties and study them closely.

Plant out tuberose bulbs this month in the
southern parts of Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana,
Mississippi, and in Florida. With me the tuberose
usually begins flowering the last of July or first
of August, and continues to the middle of October.
I have noticed, in planting many bulbs of the same
variety and of the same size, that they will not all
come into flower at the same time, sometimes there
is as much as two months’ difference. As the
tuberose is a slow grower, it is a good plan to get
the bulbs planted in the ground just as soon as
cold weather has passed.

Roots of Bermuda grass may be planted the
last of this month for lawn or pasture. It is
valuable for either purpose in the South, as it
withstands the dry, hot summer and grows rapidly.
The seed may be sown the first of next month.
A pasture or lawn is made more quickly by plant-
ing roots, but it is easy to get the grass quickly

JANUARY, 1912

Quicker

and

Get the
Free Book

That Tells How

ROFIY by the experience ot 305,000
fruit growers and gardeners and in-
crease your profits by spraying in

the zew and thorough way. Brown’s
Auto Sprayers and new patented nozzles
work quicker, easier, give better results
with great saving ofsolution. Don’t use
slow, wasteful sprayers. Let us send
you our complete Spraying Guide, show-
~-iniprovedmethods. twill prove of real money value to you.

Brown’s Auto Sprays

are made in 4o styles and sizes—endorsed by experiment sta-
tions. Sold on guarantee of satisfaction or money back.

Auto Spray No. 1, capacity 4 gallons—is most powerful, most
efficient hand sprayer made. Fitted with Auto Pop nozzle it
throws any kind of fine spray or heavy stream with force enough
to turn leaves and sa/urate entire tree or plant. Prevents
blight and disease, destroys all bugs.

Power Sprayers forall orchard and vineyard work. Traction
or enfine power as desired. The most thorough,
simple, economical outfit for every purpose

Brown’s Non-Clog
Atomic Nozzle

for large sprayers is the greatest time and
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will not clog—adjustable from mist-like spray
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proven money maker. Write for free book and
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Proved spraying guide whether you buy or not.
Send postal now.

The E. C. BROWN CoO.
34 Jay St, Rochester, N. Y.

ORCHID-FLOWERED

SWEET PEAS

The finest of all with immense wavy petalled

flowers borne four to the spray. We offer
21 of the very choicest embracing all the
wanted colors, all described and offered in our

Garden Book For 1912

Copy mailed on application

HENRY A. DREER, #f.<tsei7i

These Two Free Books Give
Valuable Hints on Planting

When buying any article of commerce, one must
depend almost entirely upon the seller. He must be
able to inspire confidence, must show that he knows
his business, and above all prove that he is honest.
This is even more applicable to our line of business
than any other. Why take any risk? Why not deal
direct and at real cost? We have been in business
58 years, have 1,200 acres and 47 greenhouses. Every-
thing in Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Evergreens,
Roses, Shrubs,
Vines, Bulbs, Flower
and Garden Seeds.
Satisfaction guar-
anteed.

Write Today

for our 168-page Cat-
alog No. 2, or for
Fruit and Ornamen-
tal Tree Catalog
No.1; both free.

The Storrs & Harrison Company
Box 384 (42) Painesville, Ohio
Ea ST a Se SS

THE GARDEN

For information regarding railroad and steam-

MAGAZINE

ship lines, write to the Readers’ Service 2

TRAWBERRIES for
your Christmas dinner
may not be such a novelty
to you, but strawberries
from your own garden under glass—that is
different—entirely different. They taste
better—a lot better.
Wouldn’t it make you smack your lips to
have some golden butter beans for dinner
today—beans that were picked right from
the vines in your greenhouse, this morning,
and not the wilted kinds the shops sell ?
Wouldn’t some meaty, crispy cucumbers add
zest to your meal a day like this, and feeling
as you do? And don’t you suppose the rest
of the family would enjoy them too?

You Could
Be Picking Ripe

Strawberries

my Now If You Had
= Bought One of Our
Greenhouses As We
Urged You To.

Don’t you think a bunch of sweet peas on
the living room table and some old-fashioned
flowers on the dining table would just double
the joys of the day for you and yours— pro-
vided they were from your own garden plot
—one of our splendidly built greenhouses ?
Such thoughts start one thinking.

That catalog of ours shows all kinds of
greenhouses from one 25 feet long to elabor-
ate ranges.

Many of the illustrationsare incolor. Better
send for it while the mood is on. Or perhaps
you would rather see us and talk the matter
over at once so things can be started as soon
as possible. Unquestionably that would be
the best way.

Lord & Burnham Company

Factories:

Boston
Tremont Bldg.

New York
St. James Bldg.

Irvington, N. Y.
Des Plaines, Ill.

Philadelphia
Franklin Bank Bldg.

Chicago
Rookery Bldg.

give an immediate effect.

Plant for Immediate Effect

Not for Future Generations
Start with the largest stock that can be secured !

years to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer.

We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that
Price List Now Ready.

ANDORRA NURSERIES @

WM. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor

It takes over twenty

CHESTNUT HILL,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.

The Readers’ Service will give yi
276 sueneeae jor ie eae i Tee T H EK G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E

JANUARY, 1912

Why Not Get the BEST
Spray Pump?

Why try to do good spraying—thorough

spraying—the only kind worth while—with

&} cheap tools? Don’t waste your money and

time on a cheap spray pump—get a

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The Goulds Mfg.Co.

“ Largest Manufacturers of
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82 West Fall Street

Seneca Falls, New York

CEWY> -Farr’s Hardy Plants”—A book ~>
oy that tells about the wonderful Irises, Peonies, Poppies and
Sas Anemones that have made Wyomissing famous, besides numer-
NYY ous other garden treasures. More than a mere catalogue—Free. A

GEORGE H. PETERSON
ROSE AND PEONY SPECIALIST
Box 50. FAIR LAWN, N. J.

Bertrand H. Farr, Wyomissing Nurseries, 643D Pen St, Reading, Pa. :

ARSENATE
of LEAD

PASTE or POWDERED
KILLS ALL CHEWING
INSECTS ON ALL
FOLIAGE AND FRUIT

SPRAYS THAT PAYS

KE B RAN D moth, gypsy moth, brown

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It is uniform; easy to mix; stays in suspension in solution readily; acts quickly; sticks like paint to plants; does not
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Key Brand, Write today for circulars and prices. Agents and wholesale distributors wanted.

INTERSTATE CHEMICAL CO., 15 Bayview Ave., Jersey City, N. J.

started either way. It makes a pretty lawn when
well fertilized and the weeds kept out of it.

Continue to sow oats and rye; if you have not
already put in a good crop of these, especially oats,
don’t fail to do so as early as possible.

Magnolia grandifiora, the best of all evergreens
on account of its large white flowers, should be
planted the last of this month in the Lower South,
or after all danger of freezing is past. The nursery-
man from whom you buy the plants will advise
you how to plant; follow his directions closely
in order to grow them successfully.

Oleanders should also be planted at the same
time as the magnolias. They make excellent
tall hedges or single specimens and are well suited
for growing out-of-doors in the Lower South, and
in tubs up North. There are many varieties, some
being hardier, and some flowering more freely than
other sorts. Your nurseryman will advise you of
the best variety for your section and purpose.

Begin spraying fruit trees now, and the digging
of borers out of peach trees. Remember this is
the last month for making cuttings of pears,
Scuppernong grapes and pomegranates in the
Lower South. Also remember you lose a*year on
peaches if you have not already planted the trees,

The season for planting in that section closes
after this month.

Continue to sow sweet peas so as to keep up a
succession of flowers. Plant as many seeds as
possible of this beautiful flower, during this and
next month.

Sow a few seeds of the early bush type of nas-
turtium in the hotbed now, and you will have
flowers in March.

Sow seed of radishes, turnips and mustard for
spring greens. Burn up the trash now and destroy
all possible insects while the weather is cool and
before the insects commence to breed. e

Look after the garden and farm tools now, and
get them ready to use. Do not neglect whatever
repairing has to be done.

Sow seed of onions now and remember that
the soil cannot be made too rich for them. Seed
sown now in good, well fertilized soil will produce
ripe bulbs in July or early August. Prizetaker,
Ailsa Craig, Red Wethersfeld and Mammoth
Silver King are excellent varieties.

Buena Vista, Ga. Tuomas J. STEED.

The Humble Koonti

HE koonti in spite of its queer Indian

name is not a spook or rare wild animal. It
is a beautiful, wonderful, humble little plant that
grows in the hot sands and among the rough
limestone rocks of South Florida. It is com-
monly spelled coontie or comptie, but in a report
on the Seminoles issued by the Bureau of Ethnology
the form koonti is used. The word in Seminole
apparently means more than the mere name of the
plant. JI have heard it has the significance of the
word ‘“‘bread” or “grits” or “grub” since koonti
starch has been for many years the farinaceous
main stay of this people.

Usually when a man needs bread he raises the
wheat or buys it. The semi-nude Seminole orders
his squaws to dig it. With clumsy sticks they
pry the roots or rather the underground stems out
of the ground. They pound them fine with mastic-
wood pestles in cavities cut in a pinelog. Then
by settling, straining, washing, etc., the fine starch
is separated.

Aside from its connection with the Seminole it
supplied the early settler with food and to-day, to
some extent at least, enters into the arrowroot
biscuit of commerce.

It was no doubt used for food by the Indians
which preceded the Seminole. The latter is
really a newcomer in South Florida, but very
little is known of the aborigines except that they
were fierce fighters, good navigators and closely
related to the Indians of the West Indies. It is
barely possible that a few of these may have escaped
the slave hunting Spaniards and afterward amal-
gamated with the Seminole.

Koonti grows in the West Indies; practically
the same plant may be found on Andros Island in
the Bahamas and the natives still manufacture the
starch which thew sell in Nassau for washing and
other purposes.

The koonti is a sago, but the starch which it

January,1912 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE O77

What England Can Teach Us
About Gardening

By Wilhelm Miller, Ph. D.

Horticultural Editor of “Country Life in America” and Editor of “The Garden Magazine.”

| Ee book by Dr. Miller is the first attempt to break away from the
slavish copying of Old World gardens and lay the foundations of an
American style of gardening.

@ Dr. Miller went abroad with the object of studying the English gardens,
the most beautiful things of their kind in the world, and in this volume
he has embodied those principles and suggestions which are applicable to
American conditions.

@ What it has taken England hundreds of years to learn we can profit by;
and the immense value of this book over previous works is that it shows
how to save millions of dollars now wasted in unscientific planting.

@, We believe that an acceptance of Dr. Miller's principles, both of adop-
tion and rejection, will put us hundreds of years ahead in the art of gardening.

Eight plates in color and many in black and white. Net, $4.00 (postage 35c.).

GARDEN CITy DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. NEW YORK

The Readers’ Service will give you
information about motor boats

278

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

JANUARY, 1912

y |
Burpee’s
The Leading American
Seed Catalog for 1912

ip Serra

WE Piatt Tipit
BOE

| JHE Besr

PF cmmaastll
At NAL £25 ‘Be
i L jae ge: fe oS
Wodrire BuRPEL & Co, (BB)

PILLADELPHTA gf

A BricHt New Book oF 178 PAGES —it is
known as “THE SILENT SALESMAN” of the World’s Lar-
gest Mail-Order Seed Trade. It tells the plain truth
about the Best Seeds that can be grown —as proved
at our famous ForpHOOoK Farms — the largest, most
complete Trial Grounds in America. Handsomely
bound with covers lithographed in nine colors it
shows, with the colored plates (also in nine colors),
Six Novelties and Specialties in unequalled Vegetables,
and Nine Beautiful New Flowers, including the
most Superb “ SPENCER” SWEET PEAS. We now first
introduce a distinct new type of Sweet Peas for
1912, which will surely create a furore among Sweet
Pea Lovers everywhere!

With hundreds of illustrations from photographs
and carefully written descriptions it is a SAFE GUIDE
to success in the garden and should be consulted by
every one who plants seeds, whether for pleasure or
profit. It is mailed FREE to all who appreciate
Quatiry In SEEDS. Shall we mail You a copy? If so,
kindly name Garden Magazine and write TO-DAY !

W. Atlee Burpee & Co.

Burpee Buildings, Philadelphia

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You cannot get it any other way. We make the
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Agencies Evervuhere

yields is known on the market as Florida arrow-
root, though the true arrowroot starch is yielded
by another and very different plant. Over in the
Bahama Islands koonti is called bay-rush.

Koonti grows on the high dry land among the
pines and palmettoes; in fact, they say, in locat-
ing land for a home, “Look for koonti. Where
koonti grows the land is never flooded.” I used
to wonder at the large number of old blazes on
pine trees. I have since learned that they marked
the tasks for the koonti diggers. Although there
are the ruins here and there throughout the woods
of primitive koonti mills a few are still at it and one
man near here has a comparatively large plant
with considerable machinery. The refuse from
these factories is useful for fertilizer. This would
serve no doubt, much better as a filler for com-
mercial fertilizer than brown paper or mud from
lake bottoms.

Fire sweeps over these pinelands frequently, but
the koonti is safe, in fact, better off since the main
part of the plant is underground and the fire opens
the cone-like fruits and helps to scatter the seeds.
One could easily form a permanent koonti farm in
the pines by grubbing up the palmettoes and fire-
flashing the surface once a year at a time when

The koonti, a small plant with large underground
stem, furnishes a starch known as Florida arrowroot

there is the least danger of doing damage. This
is about the best, in fact, the only way of keeping
the fire damage down in a pine-covered palmetto
country. It is an old Indian method, but is prac-
tised even in France with its up-to-date foresters.
There would be little need of fencing such a planta-
tion since few things except the koonti worm eat
it a second time. In its raw state, leaves, seeds,
and stems are undoubtedly poisonous.

Animals which drink the red-water from washing
the starch usually die, not a quick death but a slow
poisoning. The seeds form in a brown cone-like
head and resemble very large grains of fresh corn.
The natives call these seeds koonti or comptie corn.
I have heard it said that crows eat “comptie corn”
and live, but that one reason why turkeys are not
successful here is that they kill themselves by
eating comptie corn.

The koonti is a very small plant with a large

Plant Your Garden
Seeds In It Now

$250 Buys It

It will pay you to buy this greenhouse right
now and start your flower and vegetable
plants going. Your garden will then be six
weeks ahead this year.

Next fall you can bring plants in before
frost and have a flower garden all winter.
No hobby is more delightful, none so inex-
pensive. House shipped ready for immed-
jate erection. Price includes everything —
even the boiler. Send at once for complete
booklet.

Hitchings & Company

1170 Broadway

INSECTICIOg “Y
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Guaranteed by the Lemon Oil Co.. under the Insecticide

Act of 910. Serial No. 32r-

Just the thing for greenhouses and indoor plants.
and recommended by the leading seedsmen and florists.

An effective insecticide to destroy insects on leaves and
roots of plants without injury to leaves or foliage leaving no
disagreeable odor.

This will be found an excellent wash for dogs and other
animals; it relieves mange, destroys lice and insects, and gives
the coat a beautiful glossy appearance.

A favorite in chicken houses, and for killing insects in the

homes.
If Pint, 250; Pint, 40e; Quart, 75¢; 34 Gallon, $1.25; Gallon, $2.00; 5-
Gallon Can, $9.00; 10-Gallon Can, $17.50. Dilute with water 30 to 50

parts. MANUFACTURED BY

LEMON OIL CO., 420 W. Lexington Street
BALTIMORE, MD.

Directions on every package.
eties. The best

DAHLIAS oe

FIRST PRIZES from 45 entries in 1911.
Send for FREE CATALOGUE

GEORGE L. STILLMAN, Dahlia Specialist
Box G-2 Westerly, R. L

THE WORLD’S
BEST ROSES

All in strong two-year-old plants
that will give a full crop of flowers
this year—our 1912 Garden Book
tells how to grow these and offers
all the choicest varieties.

Send for a copy.
HENRY A. DREER, “iicctpuis**

In use

Exclusively.

Over 600 vari-

JANUARY, 1912

pY WA VAN Over

\ Weill and Prospecting
Drilling Machinery

43 years’ successful operation. Used
in nearly all parts of the world. We
make a complete line of Drilling
Machines and tools for every con-
dition of earth and rock drilling and
mineral prospecting. Complete
catalogue No. 120 showing over 40
styles of machines free.

The American Well Works

5 Gen. Office and Works: Aurora, Ill.
Chicago Office: First National Bank Building

Standard

Millions of Trees
PLANTS, VINES, ROSES, ETC.

The oldest, largest and most complete nursery in
Michigan. Send for catalog. Prices reasonable

I. E. ILGENFRITZ’ SONS CO.
THE MONROE NURSERY, Monrog, Micuican

Landscape Gardening

A course for Home-makers and
Gardeners taught by Prof. Craig
and Prof. Beal, of Cornell Uni-
versity.

Gardeners who understand up-to-
date methods and practice are in
demand for the best positions.

A knowledge of Landscape Gar-
dening is indispensable to those
who would have the pleasantest

Pror. Craic homes.
250 page catalogue free. Write today.

THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G, Springfield, Mass.
The Wizard

KALAK Az.w. pci.

Mixed seed and fertilizer that comes up where everything else
failed. All it needs is soil and moisture. Cheaper than common
seed. 5-lb. hox express prepaid east of Missouri river, $1.00, or
fy West of the river for $*.25. Our instructive booklet, ‘‘ how to Make
a Lawn,’ FREE. Written by experts; solves every grass problem.
Tells when anu now to makea lawn. Send for it tonight.

¢ The Kalaka Company, fo Beare er Chicago, Ill.

We Y Rigs of |
PRA All Sizes
For All Uses

The Leader Sprayer eee iice
for up-to-date orchardists :

keeps 10 nozzles going with
200 Ibs. pressure. Most satis-
factory of all orchard spray
rigs. Engine suited to gener-
ating power forall farm work.
Bucket, Barrel, Mounted 4-
Row Potato Sprayers, etc.
Free catalogue describes en-
tire line. Write for it. Also
spraying formula, calendar and
complete spraying directions.

ddress

A
FIELD FORCE PUMP COMPANY,

48 11th St., Elmira, N.Y,

a STOKES SEEDS a:
““Seed Catalog Time’”’

is here and | have a beauty with colored
illustrations and a free proposition with

cash prizes,which you will be interested in.

Send for a copy today—free if you mention
The Garden Magazine.

WALTER P. STOKES
Seedsman, Dept. A, Philadelphia

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

25, CENTS

wea

AIIM er NAC

Partial List of Contents

Agriculture, Appropriations for Depart-
ment of
Aid to the Injured, First
Almanac, Calculations for ror2
Angora Goats, The Truth About
Animals, Ages of
Diseases and their Remedies.
Farm, Numberand Value of, inthe States
Antidotes for Poisons
Apple Orchard. Materials Used and Re-
moved in Twenty Years
Apples, Best to Plant in Different Locations
Apricots, Best to Plant in Different
Locations
Arid Area in the Different States and
Territories
Barn Use, Weights for
Bee Keepers’ Maxims
Blackberries, Best, to Plant in Different
Locations
Bookkeeping for Farmers and Gardeners
Builders, Information for
Building a Hotbed
Buib Culture—Indoor
Bulletins, Farmers’
Bushes, How Long They Will Bear
Cattle, Best Breed of Dairy
To Ascertain Weight of
Cereals, Composition of, for Comparison
Cheap Seed, Why Expensive
Cherries, Sweet, Best, to Plant in Differ-
ent Locations
Sour, Best, to Plant in Different Lo-
cations
Chronological Cycles for r9r2
Church Days for ror2
Concrete, What a Farmer Can Do With
Cooking Time Table
Corn, How Deep, Should Be Planted
Planting for Big Crops
Rule for Measuring
Cost of Plowing

Who’s Who in Poultry
Who’s Who in Dogs

No dangerous gasoline—no noisy exhaust—
no steam—nothing to get out of order.

Wonderful simplicity and absolute safety
characterize ““Reeco’”’ Rider and “‘Reeco”’ Erics-
son Hot Air Engines—especially adapt them for
domestic water supply.

Operated by hot air—with gas, coal, wood or
oil for fuel.

Write nearest office for zllustrated catalog U.

Best Breeds of Cattle

Doubleday, Page & Co.

Long Island, New York

The Readers’ Service will give you
information about motor boats

Enlarged, Rearranged and Revised

The

ARDEN AND FARM
ALMANAC

FOR 1912

Special Features:

A Guide to the Weeds
Getting the Best of the Insects
Best Breeds of Sheep

Prize Contest for Recipes: $20 in Cash

and Other Prizes

The Garden and Farm Almanac tells you
how, when and where to plant and grow to the
very best advantage all flowers, vegetables, crops,
shrubs, trees and lawns—contains elaborate plant-
ing tables for every season of the year—tells how
to fight all insect enemies—shows what needs to be
done about the place each month for its better
maintenance—devotes many pages to all garden
and farm building operations—is full of new and
attractive ideas and suggestions.

The Garden and Farm Almanac

is, in a word, a ready reference guide of every-day
value, covering the entire field comprehensively
and expertly.
you on any subject whatsoever pertaining to the
garden and farm.
bigger and better than ever before, containing

It will answer every question for

@ The 1912 Almanac is

many new features. The text is made up of G. M.
Over 200 pages fully illustrated. Every x12
subject carefully indexed.
Doubleday,
POSTPAID utes & ce.
35 CENTS Please send me

postpaid, The 1912

Garden and Farm Al-

manac, {for which I enclose
35 cents.

GARDEN CITY

**“REECO”’
Water Supply Systems

Twenty years and more of constant pumping service, with
no depreciation of efficiency—absolutely uo important repairs
—no serious breakdowns.

That is the record of thousands of “Reeco” Rider and
“Reeco”’ Ericsson Hot Air Engines. :

Water supply systems equipped with “Reeco” Engines are
world-famous for long, faithful, defexdable service.

They deliver abundant water for house, barn and garden
without hitch or halt—without noise—without danger.

RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO.

New York. Boston. Philadelphia. Montreal, P. Q. Sydney, Australia.
Also Makers of the “Reeco” Electric Pumps.

The Readers’ Service is prepared to
advise parents in regard to schools

280 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

JANUARY, 1912

Gene
Stratton -
Porter

Author of

The Harvester

Published August 17th, 1911, and in less than four months has
run into its 125th thousand.

Freckles

Published six years ago.
alone!

A Girl of the Limberlost

Published about two and a half years ago. Plans completed for
printing the 189th thousand.

Illustrated. Fixed price, $1.35 (postage 15c.)

About 150,000 copies sold in 1911
Mlustrated. Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12c.)

Illustrated. Fixed price, $1.20 (postage 12c.)

q In these days of many new books there must be some very unusual
quality in an author’s work to account for the growing interest of
several hundred thousand readers over a period of six years.

@ The greatest novel Mrs. Porter has written is ‘‘ The Harvester.”
If you have not read this you have missed one of the most enjoy-
able things in many months.

Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden, City, N. Y.

They are too precious to lose. Get expert tree surgeons
to examine them and advise you as to what they need.
Avoid tree fakers and tree butchers. Our free booklets
explain tree surgery. the science founded by John Davey.
Write tor them. THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO,, Inc.,

151 Oak Street, Kent, Ohio

SAVE
YOUR

PENNSYLVANIA
Quality LAWN MOWERS

THE ONLY MAKE WITH CRUCIBLE TOOL-STEEL
~ eC BLADES -THROUGHOUT

TREE

RHODES DOUBLE CUT
/ PRUNING SHEAR oO

He only pruner made
that cuts from both
sides of the limb and does not bruise
the bark. Made in all styles and
sizes. We pay Express charges on
all orders.
Write for circular and prices

Pat’d June 2, 1903.

GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

underground stem. This stem is as big as a turnip
and is full of starch. The foliage which is often

very scant, especially when the seed head is ma- |

ture, consists of a tuft of fern-like, glossy green
leaves.

A fine healthy specimen forms a beautiful pot’
plant. Koonti plants have been shipped North
for this purpose. It grows easily and is easily
transplanted. According to the botanists there
are two species in South Florida, one is Zamia
Floridana and the other is Zamia pumila. The
latter inhabits Central Florida and the former is
found on the East coast below New River.

Its great botanical interest lies in the fact that
it is a. link between the highest eryptogams and
lowest phanerogams. The fecundation of this

plant is peculiar and difficult to explain in detail |
Suffice it to say that the |

in this connection.
pollen grains develop spermatazoa which wiggle
about at
easily believe that the koonti, after all, is partly
animal.

This subject has been carefully studied by Dr. |

H. J. Webber and embodied in Bulletin No. 2, rgor,
entitled “Spermatogenesis and Fecundation of
Zamia,” United States Department of Agri-
culture, Bureau of Plant Industry.

Dr. Webber found the mature Spermatozoids |
of Zamia to be the largest known to occur in any |
They are even visible to the |

plant or animal.
naked eye. He kept them alive in sugar solutions

and found their motion to be due mainly to the ©

action of cilia.

Such a plant might be very carefully studied and |

It is rare indeed, that nature offhand,
It yields

improved.
produces such an agricultural snap.

starch of good quality —it plants itself and grows §

without care or cultivation, it is not injured by
fire and because of its poisonous nature has few if

any enemies, it grows on very poor land which can —

at the same time be producing timber.
Florida. Joun GIFrorD.

A Neglected Evening Primrose |

eee last place in the world that I expected to

come across any flower garden “finds”’ was
in the heart of the Adirondack Mountains. Yet
there, more than a dozen miles from any railroad

in one case and eight miles in another, I found |
several interesting flowers that my own more —
I was particularly struck |

favored garden lacked.
by some very flourishing plants of what I regard
as the most beautiful of all the evening primroses,

Gnothera caspitosa, which is grown in England |

The flowers of Oenothera caespitosa change from
white to pink, and have a magnolia-like fragrance

as O. marginata. The large satiny flowers,
changing from white to pink before they close in
the morning and exhaling the odor of the mag-
nolia, are particularly desirable for the border
of the early riser and I fail to understand why it
is so much neglected in the east. I have seen it
in only one other garden, my close acquaintance
with it being in the mountains of Colorado. It
is perennial, or biennial, and may be grown from.

seed, root suckers or cuttings. B. G.

such a lively rate that one might —

The Readers’ Service will aid you
in planning your vacation trip hee |

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

UNCLE SAM SPEAKS ANOTHER GOOD WORD FOR

CYPRESS

Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Bulletin 95, Page 44, issued June 30, 1911, says of Cypress:

DHE
WOOD
ETERNAL”

ELE,
WOOD
ETERNAL”

Are You Ever Going to Build?

i The Annual Building Number of HOUSE & GARDEN
is one of the four great Special Issues of the Year. We
had an idea that last year’s Building Number was a good
one—a man wrote us that for every knotty problem he ||
f met in building his home, that issue pointed out a solution. |
However, here’s a better one this year, covering its subject ||
like a blanket. There’s a2 warm debate on the question, jj
af “An Qld House or a New One?’’; a helpful talk on costs, |!
ie a another that greatly simplifies planning. Then there are ||
Wii articles—with pictures that fairly make your mouth water
iy i —on lighting fixtures, hardware, rough or smooth plaster
‘ii walls, casement windows and how to keep a cellardry. There
1 | is another article on that vital question of choosing an
|) Wii architectural style, one on tiling for use and decoration,
one showing some valuable short-cuts in achieving paneled
effects. Professor Ogden of Cornell clears up, once for all,
the sewage disposal problem. The controversy over the
choice of a heating system is continued, and grows hotter
each month. But there is space merely to begin the list of
good things.
Inexpensive Homes of Individuality
is a superbly printed book containing 108 photographs and
floor plans of the best houses of moderate size built to-day,
giving costs and specifications. The illustrations are repro-
ductions in detail of interiors and exteriors, teeming with
suggestions for the home owner or prospective builder.
There is a new idea on every page. We will send you
this book FREE on mention of this magazine and receipt
of 25¢c for the Annual Building Number of HOUSE &
GARDEN.

iL McBRIDE, NAST & CO., Union Square, N.Y.
IAAT A

Lucky Sanford is The Place for You

Encompassed by navigable rivers and placid lakes. Hedged about by
healthful pines, golden groves and scenic beauty, Hunting preserves of
ample proportions. Best fishing grounds. Winter cruising on our beautiful
lakes and glorious rivers. Automobiling daily during the winter and never a
frozen jacket. Each day in the month can be spent outdoors, by invalid or
hunter. Our invigorating sunshine is a nature tonic that will make you

*’ The properties which fit it for
such wide use are the freedom
of the wood from knots and
other defects . . and the /ong
period which the wood may be
expected to last. ‘To this might

<=

be added handsome appearance,
which frequently has much to

do with popularizing a wood.”’

well. Healthful for winter homes, pleasurable enjoyment and profitable
investment.

Address COMMERCIAL CLUB, Sanford, Florida

Further on CYPRESS, the same Government
Report says: ““The wood contains little resin and
thus affords a good surface for paint, which it holds

well. . . It isa popular wood where it is sub-
jected to dampness and heat. It shrinks, swells
or warps but little. . . For the parts of houses
exposed to the weather it serves equally well.’’

.00 Regular

Our Price $21.22 Price $40.00
(TPT

Length 76 inches, width 30 inches
Marokene Leather Cushions

Both quotations above are from Bulletin 95, (page 44) U.S. Dept. of Agr. (Forest Service), June 30,1911.

“‘The Money You Don’t Have to Spend on Repairs is ALL PROF IT.”

When planning new improvements or repairs to old ones, just remember—‘With CYPRESS you BUILD BUT ONCE.”

Write today for our Free, illustrated Catalog
Catalog Free showing 75 pieces ofhigh grade Arts and Crafts
Furniture for entire home at bargain prices.
All guaranteed solid white quartered oak. Will last for generations.
Y our choice of five finishes. Write today.

KUNKLE FURNITURE MFG. CO.., 43rd St., Mackinaw, Ill.

SUN-DIALS witout
PEDESTALS

Send for Catalogue H 27 of pergolas,

sun-dials and garden furniture or H 4o

of wood columns.

" HARTMANN-SANDERS CO.
Chicago, IIl.

— New York Office, 1123 Broadway

_Horsford’s Cold Weather Plants

and Flower Seeds that Grow!

WRITE TODAY for VOLUME ONE of the CYPRESS POCKET LIBRARY, with Full Text
of OFFICIAL GOVT. REPT. Also Full List of 31 Other Volumes. (FREE on request.)

Let our ‘ALL ROUND HELPS DEPARTMENT” help YOU. Our entire resources are at yourservice with Reliable Counsel.

SOUTHERN CYPRESS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION

1209 HIBERNIA BANK BUILDING, NEW ORLEANS, LA.

‘INSIST ON CYPRESS AT YOUR LOCAL DEALER'S. IF HE HASN'T IT, LET US KNOW IMMEDIATELY.

Now is the time to see what to buy. Try a few hardy things and see
how beautiful and permanent many of them are. My list of wild flowers,
ferns, shrubs, trees, etc., would assist you in selecting hardy kinds even
when buying elsewhere. Plants that can live in Vermont should
be hardy anywhere in the United States. Don’t fail to see my free
catalogue before making up your lists.

F. H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vt.

For Liquor and Drug Users

A scientific remedy that has cured nearly half a
million in the past thirty-two years. Administered
by medical specialists at Keeley Institutes only.

eele
=(ure

Jacksonville, Fla.
Atlanta, Ga.
Dwight, 11.
Marion, Ind.
Lexington, Mass.

Write for particulars

To the Following Keeley Institutes:

Make the Farm Pay

Complete Home Study Courses in Agriculture,
Horticulinve, Floriculture, Landseape Gardening, For-
estry, Poultry Culture. and Veterinary Science under
Prof. Brooks of the Mass. Agricultural College, Prof.
Craig of Cornell University and other eminent
teachers. Over one hundred Home _ Study
Courses under able professors in leading colleges.

250 pave catalog free. Write to-day,
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. A., Springfield, ‘iass.

White Plains, N. Y.
Columbus. 0.
Philadelphia, Pa.
812 N. Broad &t.
Pittsburg. Pa.
4246 Fifth Ave.

Providence, R. I.
Columbia, §. C.

Salt Lake City, Utah
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Lovdon,. England

Manchester, N.H.
Buffalo, N. Y-
Portland, Me.
Grand Rapids, Mich.
Kansas City, Mo.

Hot Springs, Ark.
Los Angeles, Cal.
San Francisco, Cal.
West Haven, Conn.
Washington, D. C.

Prof. Brooks

The Readers’ Service gives
information about investments

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

JANUARY, 1912

RS V.E

“What is that ‘R. S. V. P. to
residence of bride’?” Abe Pot-
ash asked.

Morris reflected for a mo-
ment.

“That means,’ he said at

length, “that we should know
where to send the present to.”

“How do you make that
out?” said Abe.

“R. S. V. P.,” Morris replied,
emphasizing each letter with a
motion of his hand, “means:
Remember to send vedding
present.”

From

ABE AND MAWRUSS

Being Further Adventures of

Potash & Perlmutter

Illustrated. Fixed price, $1.20
(Postage 12c.)

Doubleday, Page & Co.
Garden City New York

DREER’S DAHLIAS

We have over 500 varieties, including
the very latest American and Euro-
pean introductions.

The best of them are offered in

Dreer’s Garden Book for 1912

If you want a complete list ask for

Special Dahlia Catalogue

HENRY A. DREER, 712,Sbsstrut St

SEND for Catalogue showing Flower Boxes, Pots, Vases,
Jardinieres, Etc. Made of Strong, Durable Terra Cotta.
Suitable for use in the house or Garden Decoration.

GALLOWAY TERRA COTTA Co.
3214 WALNuT St. PHILADELPHIA.

Wild Flowers in Texas

I HAVE been much interested in roadside garden-

ing as set forth in THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
from time to time. One summer, while out on a
camping trip, I stuffed my pockets with all kinds
of wild flower seeds, and, upon returning home,
scattered them here and there along the roadside,
with amazing results.

It ought to be a delight to any real nature lover
to transplant these wild things to the common
ways, where all who pass may enjoy them.

Along the International and Great Northern
Railroad, between Taylor and Austin, Tex., there
are miles and miles of roadside gardening that
simply baffle description.

Such gardening! Acres upon acres — yes,
square miles— of blue-bonnets, where it would
be difficult to find a spot as big as a man’s hat
that has not its wealth of blossom; one wide waste
of blue, except for the occasional knots of spreading
live oaks rising like emerald islands out of a sea
of bloom.

And then the scene changes. Instead of
blue-bonnets, there are great rolling billows of
knee-high purple verbena, with, here and there,
great patches of pink phlox—the softest pink
imaginable — and, everywhere, the lovely rain-
lilies, singly or in twos and threes, on their graceful
nodding stems — lilies as white as snow and moxe
delicate in texture than wax.

As the train sweeps along a hillside comes into
view, where, above the carpet of low-growing
flowers, there appear great clumps of tall white
snapdragon, looking for all the world like sheep
in the distance

Suddenly the whole prairie is aflame — literally
on fire with the blazing red of Indian pinks,
Mexican-blankets, or painted-cups (Castilleia).
We wonder at the very audacity of Nature in
dashing such broad splashes of brilliant color
upon her canvas. And thus, for hours, one can
roll on through an endless panorama of hilarious
color and triumphant bloom.

R. O. ALLEN.

Texas.
This Month’s Cover

ae Christmas rose (Helleborus niger), shown
in color on the cover of the magazine, is
by all odds the most attractive winter-flowering
plant for a hardy garden. It is the only plant
that gives really large flowers throughout the
winter. Flowering in January, the expanded
blooms, measuring sometimes three inches across,
may be gathered after having to actually brush
away the snow. When first expanded they are
the purest crystalline white, becoming pinker as
they age.

As a matter of fact, the showy part of the flower
is made by the sepals, the real petals being reduced
to small green tubes that surround the cluster of
stamens in the centre of the flower, and are quite
inconspicuous. The plant grows in any ordinary
garden soil, but it well repays special attention
and rich feeding. Plant in a moist, well drained
and partially shaded spot and preferably in Septem-
ber. Fall planting gives better results with the
Christmas rose than spring planting. It resents
disturbance of any sort, however. If you have
strong plants in the garden they may be lifted any
time during the winter, put into large pots, grad-
ually advanced into warmer temperature indoors
and in this way are easily forced.

Other species of Helleborus, flowering in early
spring, have greenish and brownish flowers.

Spray Trees Now

while you’ve time to do a thorough job.
Don’t put off till busy spring. Use

Target Brand
Scale Destroyer

A miscible oil that destroys San José Scale and all other
scales. It spreads on contact with the tree, thus covering
every part, even those missed by the direct spray.

Endorsed ‘by every experiment station where tested.
Sold by good dealers everywhere. Write for free Jo0k/et,
“Fall and Winter Spraying.”

Horticultural Chemical Company, Bullitt B’ldg. Philadelpha, Pa.

A Wonderful Farm Tool

CLARK’S }gi\ DOUBLE ACTION CULTIVA-
TOR AND HARROW.

The most wonderful farm tool
ever invented. Two harrows in
one. Throws the dirt out, then
8 in, leaving the land level and true.
) A labor saver, a time saver, a crop
maker. Perfect centre draft,
Jointed pole. Beware of imita-
tions and infringements. Send today for FREE Booklet, “In-
tensive Cultivation,”’

CUTAWAY HARROW CO.

902 Main St. Higganum, Conn.

si.. SAVE THE TREES!

“~ And increase their fruit yield by killing San Jose Scale,

is Aphis, White Fly, etc., by spraying with

SF 9, Caustic 2)
= Good’s ris: Whale Oil Soap No. 3
=¢as. Used and endorsed by U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Rec-
at ommended for trees, shrubs, vinesand plants. Easily
applied with any good spray pump.
FRE Our valuable book on Plant
a Diseases. Write for it today.
GOOD, Original Maker, 931 N. Front Street, Philadelphia

5

JAMES

ies us send you with our compliments a highly
decorative Garden Calendar, which is a com-
plete garden guide for each month of the year. It
is suitable for the den, library or living room. All

we ask is that you send us the name and address
of the dealer from whom you buy your garden

implements. Address: Calendar Department.
AMES PLOW CO., Quincy Market, Boston, Mass.

WE GROW PEONIES
— NOTHING ELSE

Mohican Peony Gardens, Box 300, Sinking Springs, Pa.

HOW TO BE A CRACK SHOT

Just drop usa postal for our new r912 Catalogue which tells ALL
about Rifles, Shotguns, Pistols and Rifle Telescopes. Address,

J. STEVENS ARMS & TOOL COMPANY
The Factory of Precision. Dept. 281 Chicopee Falls, Mass.

STEVENS-DURYEA
THE IDEAL MOTOR CAR OF THREE-POINT SUPPORT
Send for Catalogue
Stevens-Duryea Co., Chicopee Falls, Mass.

FAIRFAX ROSES

CANNOT BE EQUALLED Catalogue free
W. R. GRAY, Box 6, OAKTON, FAIRFAX CO., VA.

BIG MONEY IN MUSHROOMS

Profits Large and Quick

Any one can make &5 to &60 a week growing
mushrooms in spare time, in sheds basements, etc. Big
market and larve profits. I have been in the business
fea x4 years and willtell youhow. Send for FREE book

oe JACKSON MUSHROOM FARM
6288 N. Western Ave. Chicago, Ill.

[ORCHIDS

Largest importers and growers of
Orcuips in the United States

LAGER & HURRELL
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J.

JANUARY, 1911

Bigger Fruit Profits

Here is a spray pump invented by fruit
growers. It was our endeavor to secure

the best spray pump to use on our 300
S acre fruit farm that produced the

ECLIPSE

SPRAY PUMP

It overcomes every defect found in other
makes—it has proved itself best in actual
work, Put an Eclipse to work on your trees
and earn bigger profits. Write for our fully
illustrated catalogue. It tells why you should
sprav—and whv you should do it with an
Eclipse. It’s free. Write to-day.

MORRILL & MORLEY MFG. CO., Benton Harbor, Mich.

LAWN FENCE

Many Styles. Soldon trialat

/Y’ wholesale prices. Save 20

0 ¥ 4 to 30 percent. Illustrated
(i Citaloguefree. Write today.

WT LARA Lary

KITSELMAN BROS.
=~ Box350 Muncie, Indiana.

RATS

DANYSZ
Send for particulars. 1 tube 75c.,

3 tubes $1.75, per dozen $6.00 VIRUS
INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL COMPANY, 72 Front St., N.Y.

$1 or $2 per Acre per Month

Buys a Sanford celery farm. Flowing artesian well
guaranteed. Sub-irrigation, fine drainage, good sub-
soil, proven district, no interest; water and rail transpor-
tation. Our liberal contract allows six years to pay out.

TITLE BOND & GUARANTEE CO., Sanford, Fla.

Killed by Science

A Mess at all seasons

. of fresh Mushrooms Growing in your Cellar

40 cts in postage stamps together with the name of your
* dealer will briny you, postpaid, direct from the
@ manufacturer, a fresh sample brick of

Lambert's Pure Culture MUSHROOM SPAWN

the best high-grade spawn in the market, together with large illustrated book
on Mushroom Culture, containing simple and practical methods of raising,
preserving and cooking mushrooms. Not more than one sample brick will
be sent to the same party. Further orders must come through your dealer.

Address: American Spawn Co., Dept. 2, St. Paul, Minn.

LOOK OUT
FOR SPARKS

No more danger or damage from flying
sparks. No more poorly fitted, flimsy fire-
place screens. Send for free booklet
“Sparks from the Fire-side.’”’ It tells about
the best kind of a spark guard for your in-
dividual fireplace. Write to-day for free
booklet and make your plans early.

The Syracuse Wire Works

107 University Avenne, = Syracuse, N. Y.

areest aac otock of
HardyPlants in America

Catalogue on Application

ELLIOTT NURSERY PirtsgureG, Pa.

‘1 Plants by the dozen or by the million.

4 120 acres planted in 103 varieties, Al
the standards and the most promising of
the new ones. Largest grower in
America. Every plant true to name,

y Also Raspberry, Blackberry, Gooseberry
and Currant Plants, Grape Vines, Cali-
fornia Privet and other Shrubbery.{9
Cultural directions with each ship-/\\\

@ iment. Beautiful Catalogue FREE. Send y Y

postal today. My personal guarautee
back of every sale.

W. F. ALLEN Slik
54 Market Street, Salisbury, Md. iN

[S
aN

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

If you wish information about dogs noc
apply to the Readers’ Service 283

MRS. HUMPHRY

WARD?’

“The Case of Richard Meynell’”’

AND THE

“There 1s much of dramatic interest. The
contentions in which Meynell engaged were
many and they were not at all of a pale
and sluggish character.’— N.Y. Sun.

“Mrs. Ward has brought all of her ri-
pened ari to the making of this novel, and
ut stands out as an appealing story, one
of great sympathy for women. She does
not build her characters in haphazard
fashion, and because they are so human and
50 possible, even outside the pages of fiction,
Mrs.Ward has doneherwork thoroughly and
comprehensively.” — Springfield Union.

“Mrs. Ward is now tn the full maturity of
her powers. She has seen life, she has lived
it, and the humanities, rather than the petty
differences of men, are now the big things
with her. There 1s no denying the power
with which she writes. Her bishops, her
lords, her clergymen, her ladies are arresting
personalities and there 1s no degree of auth-
ority, intellectual or spiritual, which Mrs.
Ward does not succeed in conveying. She
has a pomp and circumstance in her novels
really unequaled since the days when Dis-
raeli wrote. Her intellectual courage 1n at-
tacking a question of such import 15 tremen-
dous, but she has proved herself adequate. She
will draw her most appreciative readers from
the very class which she depicts with so much
dignity and power.’— Chicago Tribune.

REVIEWERS

“Distinctly superior to the author's other
work of recent years.’—N. Y. World.

“Years have not robbed Mrs. Humphry
Ward of any of her intellectual power, but
they have mellowed her emotional nature and
deepened the human appeal of her fiction.
‘The Case of Richard Meynell’ is, in this
latter respect, a finer and greater novel than
“Robert Elsmere.’ The character drawing 1s
wonderfully perfect. Meynell’s simple and
lofty figure dominates the book, but around
him revolve a dozen diverse characters, good,
bad and indifferent, each vividly alive.”

— Chicago Record-Herald.

“ The story is told with delicacy and dis-
tinction. In this volume are fine touches
and noble thoughts worthily expressed.
Here and there is a subtle phrase which
carries expression into the realm of music
- . . none will question the truthful-
ness and vividness of the picture of a
spiritual struggle, or be oblivious to the
excellence of the workmanship and the
nobility of the motives of the writer.”

— London Times.

““ No one has ever denied Mrs. Ward the
courage of her convictions or the power
to express her views. “Richard Meynell’
challenges one conviction after another. It
1s extraordinarily provocative of disputa-
tion, a gauntlet thrown into the arena of in-
tellectualism.’’— London Daily Chronicle.

Six photogravure illustrations. Fixed price, $1.35 (postage 15c.)

Garden Citt DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. New York

Pennsylvania School of Horticulture for Women
Ambler, Pennsylvania
A school for theoretical and practical instruction
in gardening and other branches of horticulture.

Special attention given to the practical side of
the work. Spring term opens February 7, 1912.

Miss Jane B. Haines, President Miss M. O. Collins, Principal

in advertising it.

FLORICULTURE

Complete Home Study Course in practical Floricul-
ture under Prof. Craig and Prof. Beal, of Cornell
University. 4

Course includes Greenhouse Construction and
Management and the growing of Small Fruits and
Vegetables, as well as Flowers Under Glass.

Personal Instruction. Expert Advzce.
250 Page Catalogue Free. Write to-day.
THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
Dept. G. F., Springfield, Mass.

Prof. Craig

We grow a general line of Nursery Stock; everything
required in this Northern latitude.
and money growing the best stock possible, and very little
We have always depended upon satis-
fied customers to do our advertising and have never been
disappointed. Send for our catalog and price list.

The Bay State Nurseries, North Abington, Mass.

We spend our time REES
RTE a ee es

The Readers’ Service will give you
suggestions for the care of live-stock

tee cape =

Drawn By Cecit ALDEN

An Exchange of Hostilities

DO YOU MOTOR?

OR the man or woman who enjoys a quiet tour in the country, for the crank
who wants to know all about the 1912 models, for the man who cares

for his own car and worries about his tires, for the business man who
needs a motor-truck, for all sorts of people who are interested in automobiles

THE MOTOR NUMBER
Country Life

im America

OUT JANUARY Ist

Tt will include the following illustrated articles:

How Alice-for-Short Went to Portland How I Keep My Car in Good Condition
By William Davenport Hulbert By Joseph Tracy
A breezy tale of a foursome tour Good advice by an experienced motorist
A Guide to the 1912 Pleasure Cars The Commercial Car of 1912
By H. P. Burchell By Phil M. Riley
With a table showing just what your money will buy The wonderful development of the motor-truck
Tires — The Motorist’s Nightmare Motoring Conditions in the South
By C. H. Claudy By Percy H. Whiting
What the Old Motorist told the youngsters Where the best roads lie in Dixie
Suitability in the Home Garage Comfort and Luxury in Winter Motoring
By Madison R. Phillips By Harold W. Slauson

With pictures of garages by prominent architects The limousine, landaulet, and coupe, and theirequipment

BETTER GET A COPY 25 CENTS A COPY AT THE NEWS STANDS $4.00 A YEAR, POSTPAID
WRITE FOR OUR 1912 COMBINATION OFFERS

Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City, New York

SHEEP MANURE

Dried and pulverized. No waste and no weeds.
Best fertilizer for lawns, gardens, trees, shrubs,
vegetables and fruit.

Large barrel, freight prepaid East
$4. OO of Missouri River. Cash with or-
e der. Write for interesting booklet
and quantity prices.
The Pulverized Manure Co.
19 Union Stock Yards, Chicago

Extra Sizes for Immediate Effect

Liberal Discounts on Large Orders
Our Catalogue is a cyclopedia of information to the planter

LANDSCAPE DEPT. ROSEDALE NURSERIES

63 Hamilton Place

Power for Country Homes

being economical, durable, and reliable.
pumping water and operating machines on the farm or estate.
for catalogues of facts and figures. ress
INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA
(Incorporated)
71 Harvester Bldg.

Fruit and Ornamental
Tre es

S. G. HARRIS
Tarrytown, N. Y.

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

I HC Gasoline Engines are simple and easy to operate, besides
The ideal power for
nite

Chicago USA

JANUARY, 1912

What Is the Best of All the
Larkspurs?

iz HAS taken me some time to get around to

that way of thinking, but I am now committed
to the belief that the Chinese larkspur (Delphinium
Chinense) is the best of all larkspurs. True it

has none of the stateliness of the tall kinds, but
it has a certain grace that they lack and is better
for cutting. In addition to the most exquisite
shades of blue, there is a white that is admirable,
either by itself or for massing with the type color.
Three other points in its favor are that it is not

The Chinese larkspur, a reliable perennial, Both
blue and white forms are shown here

subject to the larkspur disease, its habit of growth
is so slight that it can be planted between small
plants, and it is easily raised from seed.
From seed sown in the open ground it is always
possible to get some bloom in September of the
same year, but the plants are at their best the
second summer and thereafter. If not allowed to
go to seed, it will bloom twice, lasting until past
frost time. For color effects the plants must be
set fairly close together, as the flower panicles
are very loose. Chinese larkspur should be used in
the foreground of the border; it is not very tall and
ii not staked too high will fall over very gracefully.

Conn. H. S. ADAMs.

The Japanese Toad Lily

pee its color tone is too vague to be

of any particular use in the creation of
garden pictures, the Japanese toad lily (Tricyrtis
hirta) is worthy of rather more recognition than is
its lot. Two points in its favor are that it blooms
in the fall and stands partial shade. It will grow
luxuriantly enough with full exposure to the sun,
but in that case the tendency of the leaves to
turn brown at the end, prematurely, is more
marked. The best place for the toad lily is near

The Japanese toad lily is more curious than beau-
tiful, but is worth while for September variety

The Readers’ Service will give
JANUARY,1912 T H EK G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E sa GraMAL on GBDUE duuomobiies 285

Roses Like These Around Your Own Home ?
Certainly —Easy With My “Fairfax” Plants

Tt doesn’t take a wizard to grow roses — you learn much by experience, of course, but the great, all-important thing is to start with the right kind of plants.
Then, with a few simple, common-sense principles in mind, you will find it a comparatively easy matter, and a most delightful experience, to grow the kind of
roses you see here.

Can’t you just imagine what a keen sense of pride you would feel to have this plant growing beside your veranda, and loaded with such flowers as you see here
—especially when you had planted and tended it yourself? Well, you can have one like this — as good, or better — if you want it. Get the right kind of a start,
with my “Fairfax” plants, and the rest will be much easier.

WHY Are Fairfax Roses The “Aristocrats of Rosedom’’ ?

First of all, it’s our location. Right here in Northern Virginia, only a short distance from Wash-
ington, are a few square miles of land that Nature seems to have designed expressly for a big rose-
garden. The soil is right to establish lots of heavy, healthy roots and good, stout canes. The climate
is right; near enough to “‘big water” not to get too dry in summer; warm enough in the growing months
to promote a good rapid growth; severe enough in winter to put the plants in dormant condition and
keep them tough and hardy — so they can be transplanted anywhere successfully. This combination

lacks only one thing, and I have supplied that — the ability to propagate the best varieties and fill
orders accurately and to the satisfaction of customers.

My Fairfax Roses Have Made Successful
Gardens East, West, North and South

I have customers in every state in the Union, and in many foreign countries. Their expressions of
satisfaction, their substantial ‘‘repeat”’ orders, and the fact that they recommend my roses to their
friends, all show conclusively the worth of my stock. I take an interest in my customers, and per-
sonally superintend the filling of orders.

My Free Book ‘‘Fairfax’’ Roses
I have just issued an attractive catalogue on roses and rosé culture which I think would interest
you, and if you expect to buy any roses this year, I’ll be glad to send it to you. It tells about roses
from the view-point of one who knows them, admires them, and lives among them. It lists roses
of many types and colors, and is illustrated with real pictures of roses.

It also describes a number of other useful plants and flowers—Dahlias, Gladioli, Bedding Plants
and Ferns, Shrubs, etc., describing each in a very practical and helpful way. Write me about your
garden now, and I’ll send this book by return mail.

W. R. GRAY, Box 6, Oakton, Virginia

Create those Things which
People Must Have—Grow Fruit

American people have about reached the end of the
time when they can live by robbing the earth. The cost of
living goes higher, health-necessities get scarcer, the daily
struggle keener, city life and artificial conditions more in-
tolerable. And the man in touch with the soil is the only
man whose feet are not ‘‘on shifting sands.’? More
and more every year it is clear that the only way to make
the land pay is by intensive cultivation. You will secure
yourself against profitless labor and make your high-
priced land earn interest on your investment in it by
growing fruit —the product of the soil that pays best.

ae
Ac att 1s fj
; 1) in Mh
— 4

_SUNBURST

Do the Thing that Pays — Grow Himalaya Berries

Giant Himalaya Berry is a new fruit, from central Asia,
that will revolutionize the berry-growing industry of this
country. The plant is a briary vine that does not die down

or winter-kill an inch. New shoots start where the last ; 2 Ho! Lovers ofthe Queen fe eee

season’s growth stopped, and make 20 to 30 feet of wood a

season. Fruitis borne all along these canes, ontheoldand ‘' Our 1912 ROSE BOOK livers the Worlds Newest and Best.

new wood alike. The plants bear at 18 months of age, and
for a hundred years. The Berries resemble blackberries, We want tosend youa copy of thisnew rose book FREE. Withinits beautifully colored covers

i P is ample evidence of our supremacy in rose propagation and culture. Besides its accurate
put Sze lareey, BROAUN, NEMO TAO CORE BX OI NOS descriptions and photographs of almost limitless varieties of American and foreign roses for

juice or pulp. Ten tous from an acre of 18 months old plants ) every environment and every climate, this remarkable Rose Book contains all the valuable

is an average crop—20,000 pounds, worth at least $1000.00. data on planting, fertilizing, cultivating, etc., formerly issued in our *‘How to Grow Roses,’’
* We KNOW ae Giant Ae aN Berry is see coming and also contains a complete Rose Lover’s ‘Calendar. Behind the Rose Book, and behind
e ’ 8

fruit, commercially and for the home— you should find it sys
out. We have told why and how in the Berrydale berry onar ones oses
Ly

book and have laid aside a copy for you. Write

us today where to send it. Z Z are the foremost rose propagators in America, fifty years of priceless experience and
r development, fifty years of rapidly swelling world sales and a positive guarantee of bloom.
A signal honor was paid this company last summer when our President was appointed sole

Berrydale Experiment Gardens 7 = i American judge for the International Rose Exhibition at Paris. Whether you cultivate a large
- Gard A aL : aes | rose garden or a single fragrant bush, by all means write

Holland GEG ve. Michigan for this large, beautiful book, and see spread before yOu You will want to

the world’s choicest varieties—all grown on their Own take advantage of

roots, and all guaranteed to bloom. Write a postal TO- our NEW FREE

>* THE CONARD & JONES CO voErER
BOX 24, WEST GROVE, PA. “for fail'actaila.

Rose Specialists—50 Years Experience.

The Readers’ Service will aid you
in planning your vacation trip

286

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

JANUARY, 1912

The use of good prepared

paint is economy. It covers
more, looks better and wears
longer than cheap mixtures or
hand-mixed lead and oil.

There is no better paint tina
Sherwin-Williams’ Paint (prepared)
sold everywhere under the name

SWP

It isa paint for the outside of buildings
that will stand exposure, hold its color
and preserve the wood. SWP is the
result of forty years of paint mak-
ing. You can depend on it.

As to the color scheme, write for our portfolio
of exterior painting showing many attractive

color combinations suitable to all styles of houses.

It's free.

SHERWIN-
WILLIAMS

PAINTS E VARNISHES

Address all inquiries to The Sherwin-Williams Co.
657 Canal Road, N. W., Cleveland, Ohio

Plant the quality grape

CATAWBA-CONCORD

The grape for everybody everywhere

A cross between the Catawba and the
Concord— so scientifically made that it
unites all their merits with none of their
defects. Equil in quality to the finest hot-
house grapes and as easily grown as the
Concord. For ten years, it has proved its
superiority. Has received awards wher-
ever shown.

Write at once for large descriptive cata-
log of Raspberries, blackberries, Grapes,
Strawberries, Currants, Gooseberries,
Garden Roots, Hardy Perennial Plants,
Shrubs, Vines, Roses, etc. It tells howto
plant and grow them — free to everybody.

J. T. LOVETT
Box 125 Little Silver, N. J

a

the edge of a slightly shaded hardy border, or by
shrubbery, the most favorable soil being a light
fibrous loam, with leaf mold and sand. It is a
rapid grower and if left undisturbed will soon cover
the ground. Seed planted indoors will produce
blossoms the first year. The blossoms, which
are at their best late in September, are white,
spotted thickly with purple and are curious enough
to warrant close study.
New York.

A Hardy White Azalea

OFTEN wonder why the hardy white azalea

(which I am told is not A. Indica, var. alba.
but a form of A. rosmarinifolia) does not enter
more frequently into the home and _broadler,
landscape effects. There is no end of the orange,
yellow, salmon and solferino kinds but I rarely
come across the peace-making white. Nowhere
have I found it in abundance excepting in Green-
wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, where, for many

E. H. Date.

A hardy white azalea which is a relief from the
glaringly colored, hardy azaleas

years, it has withstood the rigors of winter in
rather exposed locations. Some of the larger
specimens there are of noble proportions and a
refreshing sight when completely clothed with
white. It breaks up the sometimes too glaring
array of tones of the colored hardy azaleas better
than anything else and is quite as welcome to the
eye in front of rose or magenta rhododendrons
of taller growth. W. H. Row Lanp.

A Superb Lychnis

| Bae perennials are not so many that we are

not all on the lookout for more. Summer
before last I had some seedlings of Lychnis Haageana
and I am so pleased with the plant that I want to
spread its praises abroad. Its rich range of
cardinal, scarlet and vermilion, coupled with the
large blossoms, makes it especially desirable for
any part of the border where a bit of bright color
is needed. Seeds planted indoors will give good
bloom the first year, but better the second. Self-
sown seed also will produce first year results. In
a lot of seedlings some are pretty sure to turn out
salmon or white, but the most of them will be such
dazzling reds as the garden does not often see in
perennials. The only objection to the plant is
that it is inclined to be weak at the base of the
stems and get sprawling. My plants have not
yet had time to see their third summer, but some
of them look as if they had made up their minds
to be biennials. Robinson says that seedlings
of Lychnis Haageana “‘may almost be treated as
annuals or biennials, especially in heavy soils,
where the hopes of their living through severe
winter in northern counties will be limited indeed,”
and, in view of the ease of raising it, I am inclined
to think that if used for bedding it may as well be
treated as a biennial blooming the first year from
seed. So far as hardiness is concerned, however,
I have had no trouble whatever in wintering it in

Garden Hose

j Add this hose to your gar-
den equipment. When
you need a_ hose,
you need it. Prepare
for that time by buy-
ingnow. Don’t wait.
Write for full infor-
mation.

John Simmons Co.

104 Centre Street
NEW YORK CITY

oe ae

YOU CAN MAKE YOUR GARDEN PAY

If you but will— How? By thetools youuse. The success of any garden
depends upon tools used. We want to help you, and can, if you will allow the

IRON AGE

to make up your complete tool equipment. They economize both in tool
expense and labor. They payin crops and in satisfaction. Let us tell you
about them. Write today for our new Garden Tool Booklet.

BATEMAN MWE’G CO. Box 535 G. Grenloch, N. J.

FOR MENDING HARNESS

shoes, tents, awnings, pulley belts, carpets,

It takes saddles, suit cases. buggy tops, dash
NT Sa ; boards, or any heavy ma-
thread, terial. STEWART’S
feeds fromspool AUTOMATIC

and does the work
of any harness maker
machine. It is indispensable for =

farmers. Agents wanted. Sent prepaid Sew-

for $1.25. Send at once for catalog. S Ing

Stewart-Skinner Co., 28 Hermon St., Worcester, Mass. Awl.
BROWN LAWN __FENCE

TataTa! AAA Tal [AAAs

OU
0 Te
: =

Many Styles LAWN and FARM FENCE Low Prices

Cheaper than wood, lasts longer and more ornamental. Wesell direct to
users at manufacturers’ prices. Write today for catalog.
The Brown Fence :nd Wire Co, Dept. 95, Cleveland, Ohio

Engine—Complete -

Gives ample power for all farm uses. Only
three moving parts—no cams, no gears, no
valves—can’t get out of order. Perfect gov-
ermor—ideal cooling system. Uses kerosene

(coal oil), gasoline, alcohol, distillate or

gas. Sold on 15 days’ trial. YOUR
MONEY BACK IF YOU ARE NOT
SATISFIED.
5-year ironclad guarantee. Sizes2}to 20H

P., at proportionate prices, in stock, ready

to ship. Postal brings full particulars
free. Write for proposition on first en-
gine in your locality. (116)

Canton Av.
Deiroit Motor Car Supply Co. ie ee

Detroit, Mich. =

New Beautiful Fern |
**Fluffy Ruffles ”’ sz

Newest, daintiest and loveliest of the ostrich plumed
type. Strong, vigorous, hardy—will grow and thrive
in any home. Makes whole house cheerful.

Fancy Ferns 3 5 Cc

Postpaid for

One Fluffy Ruffles and 3 others — gq
The Boston, arched and inter-
laced with long, sword like
fronds; Emerald Feather. a
drooping feathery sort; and a Dainty
Table Fern, a fitting ornament for ¢
any nook or corner.
All Nice Growing Plants. Will quickly grow in size
and yalue. Send 35 cents today for these four fine ferns together
with our compiete catalog of desirable Seeds, Plants and Bulbs.

Iowa Seed Co., Dept: 28, Des Moines, Ia.

JANUARY, 1912

THE GARDEN

o

MAGAZINE

The Readers’ Service will give you :
information about motor boats 987

RHODODENDRONS

Hybrid Rhododendrons—plants | 8-24''—
2-246’, and 2%-3', fine plants well
budded, the most hardy varieties and
assorted colors. Rhododendron Max-
imum—the best plants that can be sup-
plied in car lots. Write for prices. Cat-
alog upon request for our general stock.
Morris Nursery Co.

Sales Office: 1 Madison Ave.
Metropolitan Bldg. New York, N. Y.

The Model Support For
Tomatoes, Chrysanthemums
as and Carnations

Over 3,000,000 in Use

Write for catalogue on Lawn and
Flower Bed Guards, Tree Guards,
Trellis and other garden specialties

IGOE BROTHERS

i 67-71 Metropolitan Ave., Brooklyn, N.Y.

} NOW IS THE TIME TO USE BONORA

It will make your house plants
bloom profusely throughout the

4 winter. For your flowers and early
vegetables, under glass and in your
-aEGREATEST DISCOVERY) | cold frames, there is nothing to
OF MODERN TIMES. a3
PLANT F(|

| equal “BONORA
| Bonora is the greatest fertilizer in
} the world. Endorsed by John Lewis

Childs, Luther Burbank, Dingee &
Conard and others.
Do not fail to include it in your
Spring order for seeds.
Order direct or through your seed house.
Put up in dry form in the following sizes,
ilb. making 28 gal. .65

Bowora Gena CO : Te) al ei
584 Bronow/ } ve gcc ae
BONORA CHEMICAL CO.
488 Broadway New York City,

STRAWBERRY
RASPBERRY

CSUstBERRY
and ASPARAGUS ee

Vigorous, Heavy Rooted,High Grade Stock. In fact, the BEST that can
grow on Michigan soil. Everything fully guaranteed. No agents, Pre-
miums, or Schemes of any kind. All plants sold strictly on their merits,
and in ‘are xe lots at wholesale prices. zoth annual catalogue free. A.
R. WESTON & CO., R. No. 21, Bridgman, Mich.

J0D SEEDS ===
IN

@: THE WORLD. PRICES
<< BELOW ALL OTHERS.

I give a lot of new sorts for trial with
Dye tianas every order | fill.

rand Big Catalog
Illustrated with over FREE
700 engravings of vegetables and flowers.
Send yours and your neighbors’ addresses.

R. H. SHUMWAY, Rockford, Illinois

GRAPE
CURRANT

Gq

The One Necessary Manual
For Investor and Business Man

THE BUSINESS

ALMANAC
FOR 1912

q. This is something entirely new in the field of Almanacs, and until you
have the volume in your hand and see the extraordinary amount of
ground it covers, you cannot realize the practical help it will give. It is
chock full of sane advice on handling your money.

CONTENTS: —A Financial Calendar. A Glossary of Technical

Terms. A Primer for Investors. Types of Investments. The Story of
a Bond. Wall Street Records. Crop Records. Bank Records. How Money
is Lost by Lying Idle. What Do Your Bonds Yield? Tables of Income
Yields. A Decade’s Growth of the United States. Insurance—and How
to Get It. Taxation. Personal Experience of Investors. Scientific Management. Service Coupons (which
will bring you, free, answers from experts on any question).

Bound in Cloth. About 150 pages. Illustrated with 24 photographs and charts.
Regular price, $1.00 net. Paper, 50c. net, postage 8c.

THE MORED'S WORK ) Full price SPECIAL $
Combination: © BUSINESS ALMANAC | $1.00 OFFER 3.1 O

The World’s Work

The Magazine that Opens Flat

@ The Best Interpreter of the Time You Live In
SPECIAL FEATURES

66 ° ° »» By William Bayard Hale. A most interesting story of the life of
~The Life of Woodrow Wilson.” Governor Wilson of New Jersey, which discloses the fact that

his whole work has been a conscious preparation for public office.

66 +s » By Dr. Edwin Mims, of the Univer-
The South Realizing Itself. Biisn Ga aN Connon ees

and vital story of the great industrial progress of the South.

“The Peace Number.”

With an article by President Taft.

66 ’ * 292? Lhis Department will give you real
The Readers’ Service. help in your difficulties. Write and

ask. Over 30,000 inquiries in the last two years.
Annual Subscription, $3.00

DOUBLEDAY,
PAGE & CO.

GARDEN CITY
NeESW oY GR K

rae fer :
Send for our 1000 Special
Magazine Offers —

FREE FOR A POSTAL

FFS $350.00
SEED CORN
We paid $350.00 for the 10 ears winning
the Grand Champion Sweepstakes prize
at the National Corn Show. This is a
record-beating price. We planted every
kernel of these 10 ears on our own farm.
fivery corn grower will want to know the
result, so we have a booklet, nicely illus-
trated with actual photographs of our growing corn
fields, seed barns, residence, pile of ear corn harvested
from 10 seed ears, ete. As long as they last you may
have one without cost if you are an actual corn grower
or directly interested in corn crops. If you would like
some of the seed grown from these 10 ears, we will
tell you how to get it without cost. Seed and Fruit
Catalog Free.

W. N. SCARFF,

If your Fruit Trees last Summer looked as though there
was something the matter with them:
the crop was small, ill-shaped, not juicy, shriveled

up, and fell off:

Insects and Fungus Diseases are
them, and

The only waw to Save the Trees, have Lar ‘se Crops,
Perfect Fruit and Luxuriant Foliage is to spray
with pure, effective, safe Insecticides and Fungicides.
BLANCHARD’S “LION BRAND”

are the standard Sprays of the world—a Spray for every garden, orchard
and lawn purnose.

We publish a Booklet giving full information about Fruitand Shade
Trees, their diseases and spraying, that we will be pleased tosend to you
without expense if you write for it.

THE JAMES A. BLANCHARD COMPANY
536 Hudson Terminal Building New York City
Factories; New York and St. Joseph, Mich.

seriously attacking

New Carlisle, O.

What i. fat tal i
988 nieheA? Gai ees Sein T H E G A R D E N M A G A Z I N E JANUARY, 1912

40 TONS
Pe of PAINT

| put ‘on the N. Y. C.
Stock Yards, Buffalo,

> -we , with hand SPRAMO-
yrawcane TORS. These won-
‘eles NW derful hand machines
gave excellent satis-
apace faction, and will do
hy tee your work well. They
puncte are guaranteed in all

A ©
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Whitewashing, Tree

ANH ans 2d Crop Spraying,
NS acon _Weed destroying.

Tell us what use you
can put a SPRAMO-
TOR to and we will
send you a useful 88

UPERB collections of - a ; [mount page treatise, free.
jem 6TRAINT A

Trees, Shrubs, Ever-
greens, Roses and Hardy
Plants adapted to small

J. M. HEARD, pirrato.n. ¥.

{
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Is
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i

gardens, private estates, ; The gorgeous Lychnis Haageana, one of the finest WASH CLOTHES BY AIR
public parks and ceme- and most reliable red perennials The New Way
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ybrid are, L. juigens an - coronata, boOtn natives tiest articles washed without injury.
Most Comp lete Nursery i pee St ae oe. faxbett : a of clothes ve bere = oe
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72. years of leadership, based on | | Pew ee
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ee 3 toads cies, fee Ae Ad ae (2 IS because its blossoms have a way of turning Prien ee
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Bari ateoeed lord ‘ is so called. Certainly it is anything but obedient
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assures your Satisfaction. Goods the orenade sometimes Ronee 5 bose ‘of Crops
safely delivered in all parts of ff | primulas or another plant neighbor — until it Of - - And HOW to GROW THEM
the world. has gone far beyond its allotted territory. The Ff Is afcomplete treatise on strawberry

culture written by America’s greatest
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reports show that strawberries yield
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wey, ORM. Kelloge Co.
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able farm engine; if not, pay nothing.

Gasoline Going Up!

The obedient plant is particularly well adapted for Automobile owners are burning up so
growing in wet situations much gasoline that the world’s supply
is running short. Gasoline is 9c torsc

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white gives me rather less trouble than the pink, Be WF Cal oll 6 Beh rhe Bee

though I fancy the difference is more a matter of pints gasoline. No waste, no evapora-

ELLWANGER & BARRY

Mount Hope Nurseries
Box 56 Rochester, N. Y.

AN INVALUABLE
FREE BOOK.

Write for a copy of our 72nd
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taining to lawn
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Full of invaluable information on Floriculture and J_andscape Gar- 1S particular ven goo or p anting im wet spots, suse Vas ane cst haps eee: vey a ship. a Complerel aS
ening Our years On experenceay Vor SeHvice ee ut ae where it soon will increase to bold masses. tested just before crating. Comes all ready to run. Pumps, saws threshes,
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ee yal home ae small ane eet a is eurone dines Cee stock, any number of seedlings can be secured. Trial, Don't buy iene Avoniinvestibate amazing, money,cavin ee
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The Readers’ Service will give you
suggestions for the care of live-stock 289

THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

JANUARY, 1912

Information about the selection or care of dogs,

Poultry, Kennel and Live Stock Directory

poultry and live stock will be gladly given.

Address INFORMATION DEPARTMENT, THE GarpDEN Macazing, 11-13 W. 32d Street, New York.

LS tee Be re MO ae Vay Seal ae

Guaranteed to reach you in good condition

You can’t count your chickens before they are
hatched; so why bother with setting hens and in-
cubators? Let me assume all the risk. I will
send you by e press, healthy, sturdy Fishel
Strain White Plymouth Rock Baby Chicks, utility
or exhibition; also Fishel White Indian Runner
Baby Ducks. Order now, as winter hatch-
ings are the most vigorous. Prices reason-

able and satisfaction assured. Send 6 cents for
my splendid chick catalog.

R. C. CALDWELL,
BOX 1025 —_— LYNDON, ROSS CO., OHIO.

Maplecroft Rhode Island Reds

win at all the leading shows. “It pays to buy
the best.” Stock and Eggs for sale in large
quantities. Send for Circular and Mating List
of S. C. Reds. J. G. Dutcher, Prop. Address

Maplecroft Farms, Pawling, New York

HOW I MADE MONEY IN POULTRY

My book has helped people make fortunes in the poultry busi-
ness—will do the same for you. Low prices for Stock, Eggs for
Le Hatching, Incubators and Brooders. 200 pages con-

taining over 100 illustrations—many in natural col-
ors—gives list of 72 varieties of Pure Bred Fowl—givescom-
plete information about eggs, stock, incubators, etc. This
@ book is a murvel and only lic. Send today, read it through
and if you don’t feel fully satisfied that itis worth many
times that much, return the book and get your money back. ff

B.H.GREIDER, Box 84, Rheems, Pa.

MAKE YOUR HENS LAY

Send for and read our book on feeding raw bone. Rich in pro-
tein and all other egg elements. Get twice the eggs, more fertile
eggs, vigorous chicks, earlier broilers, heavier fowls, bigger profits.

9 ?
MANN’S sac‘ csi! 10 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL
a" No money in advance. Makes
1S bone-cutting simple, easy,
rapid. Try it and see. Open
hopper, automatic feed, Cuts
all bone with adhering meat
and gristle. Never clogs.
Don’t buy until you try.
Book free. F. W. Mann Co.
BOX 325, Milford, Mass.

SVK FREE

Make money breeding squabs. Read in our zgr2 free book how
Etwinoma Farms (Vt.) sells them for $6. doz. Started with 25 ams
of our Extra _P Homers two years ago, multiplied now to Soo
pairs. John Ludwig (Cal.) 75 years old, making $25. week. Oscar
Maerzke (Wis.) $4000. yearly shipping squabs to Chicago. Big
western demand. 5000 squabs wanted daz/y by only one N. Y. firm.
See what they say in Watzoxal Squat Magazine (monthly) specimen
copy from us Ze Cents, one year, $1. All about pigeonsand squabs
handsomest, largest, unique, original, practical.

PLYMOUTH ROCK SQUAB C0., 151 ILOWARD STREET, MELROSE, MASS,

MORE EGGS &tis!
Thirty Days
Feed your hens green bone, cut with a Stearns
Bone Cutter. We willlend you one to try, free,
for the next 30 days. If your hens don’t lay
lots more eggs, don’t pay for it.
Write to-day for catalog and booklet, ‘‘ How to
make poultry pay.” i
E. C. STEARNS & CO., Box 2, Syracuse, N. Y.

About Fine Poultry 4 to 4% Value Early Sales |

I and my neighbors co-operate in breeding all leading breeds of fine chickens
turkeys, ducks andgeese. Wehave great guaranteed show winners and very
heavy bred-to-lay, trap-nested stock, great layers, great show birds bred on
separate farms; different breeds; large vigorous, healthy, free-range-raised
birds sold to you cheap early this winter. We pay cash for youto hand out
our advertising postcards to people interested in poultry-

F. GAGE CUTLER,

A GOOD LIVING FROM POULTRY

The High Cost of Living can be Reduced by the Philo System

1600 Eggs, or 160 lbs. of Broilers can be produced in a corner
of a garden, 5x6 ft. square, or on a flat roof

If we were to tell you that a family of six people could make a good living from six hens you would
hardly believe it. Results that have been accomplished by the PHILO SYSTEM in the past would justify
this statement. Such results could not be obtained from common poultry or common methods. But the
best birds of a NEW BREED, the NEW METHOD of the PHILO SYSTEM in caring for the fowls and the
new way of marketing make it possible to get even better results.

This is not theory or guess-work; it is just what six hens have done in the past, and will do again when
handled according to the latest methods and discoveries made by the originator of the PHILO SYSTEM.

At his poultry plant in Elmira, a net profit of $25,000.00 from a HALF ACRE OF POULTRY has been
made in twelve months where fertile eggs are produced and hatched every day in the year. From 80 to 120
pounds of the very best broilers and roasters have been raised every three months in PHILO SYSTEM coops
only 3 to 6 feet in size.

Come to Elmira and we will SHOW YOU how such results are accomplished. Let us tell you

HOW YOU CAN MAKE

$1,000, $2,000 OR $5,000, OR MORE

PER YEAR keeping poultry by the PHILO SYSTEM. This can be accomplished because there is no longer
any guess-work about raising, keeping or selling poultry. Everything in connection with the work has
been reduced to a science and any one who will follow our system can succeed.

Others are succeeding in every state and their experience and success are fully explained in our NEW
BOOK entitled ‘““MAKING POULTRY PAY.’’ It contains ninety-six pages of carefully written and selected
matter of immediate and permanent value to every poultry raiser, as well as numerous illustrations. We
will mail you this book for ten cents, in money or in stamps to cover postage, just to show you some facts
about the poultry business that you have probably never dreamed of.

We also have a NEW PHILO SYSTEM text book three times the size of any former edition.

have already purchased copies of former editions of this text book and have
340,000 PERSONS paid $1.00 each for every copy. The new text book tells all about howto do
the work to secure such wonderful results. This book with descriptions of appliances, and a right to make
and use them, will be mailed to you postage paid for $1.00. If ordered at once we will mail the two books,
“MAKING POULTRY PAY” and the New Edition of the PHILO SYSTEM for only $1.00.
This is a monthly publication edited by theoriginator of the PHILO
THE POULTRY REVIEW SYSTEM and an able staff of writers made up of expertand practical
poultrymen. This magazine is devoted exclusively to the idea of being immediately helpful to its readers.
Every article is prepared and edited with this idea as a prevailing one. On Sept. 1,1911, it had 105,251 paid-
in-advance subscribers and is considered more valuable to the Poultryman than all other poultry papers
combined. The price is only $1.00 for one year’s subscription.

SPECIAL OFFER

Our New Book, ““MAKING POULTRY PAY,” 96 pages, $ .10 | “‘THE POULTRY REVIEW” (one year) - - - - = $1.00
New Enlarged Edition of the ‘PHILO SYSTEM BOOK” 1.00 | ‘““MAKING POULTRY PAY,” “PHILO SYSTEM BOOK”’
If ordered at once we will mail the two books for 1.00 all three postpaid, for = = = - + 1.50

E. R. PHILO, 2293 LAKE STREET, - ELMIRA,N.Y.

SPECIAL NOTICE! | $ NO MONEY

IN ADVANCE

The ‘“Dandy” is the easiest oper-
ated, best built, fastest cutting
green bone cutter made. Sold on
15 days’ free trial with a
broad guarantee, Ifit suits, keep

AND UP it, if not, send it back. Free catalog.
Stratton Mfg. Co., Box 24, Erie, Pa.

Free Catalog and full information. Write your exact wants.

Route 65, Carthage, Il.

For information regarding railroad and steam-
ship lines, write to the Readers’ Service

290 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

JANUARY, 1912

DON’T KILL THE LAYING HEN

The laying hen is the paying hen. It is the non-layers you want to cull—the “drones.” They
are the ones that “eat their heads off” many times every year. Most flocks could be cut down one-
half and not affect the number of eggs gathered ina year. You can save from 10% to so% of your feed.
But you must know how to select the layers, how to tell those hens that lay enough eggs to make them
profitable from those that fail to pay their board. 5

Every poultryman is trying to get rid of the non-layers. He knows the
price he is paying to allow them to continue in his flock.. He tries to weed
out his money-losers, and, to his surprise, when he kills a hen he thought to
be a drone,” he finds her in full laying condition. He is weeding out his
layers instead of non- -layers! Once more he has found his old method of
selecting is worse than none.

You, Mr. Poultryman, can easily learn the correct method of picking
your layers by reading the

New Book on the

POTTER SYSTEM

Of Selecting Laying and Non-Laying Hens and
Egg Production

Why should you continue to waste your feed? Why should you kill another good layer?
The Potter System will tell you with absolute certainty which hens are the producers and
which the ‘“‘drones.”’ And it is the only reliable system. Any one can learn it in an hour’s
time. We guarantee that with a little practice you can pick the layers out as rapidly as you
can handle the birds.

The whole secret, which is just real knowledge of the egg organisms, is clearly explained
in this remarkable book. It contains 132 pages and 38 illustrations. Tt teaches how eggs
grow; how to determine the stage of egg development; how to tell how far off the laying period
is and when the hen has laid out her ‘batch of eggs; how to tell the prolific layers. In fact, it
reveals the secrets of egg production.

This is not a new thing tous. The Potter System has stood eight years’ test. We know
p what it can do for you and we back it up. .

Tf, after careful study and trial you find we have misrepresented this system in any way to you, we will gladly refund your money

HERE IS OUR OFFER:

“Don’t Kill The Laying Hen’’ and one year’s subscription to AMERICAN POULTRY JOURNAL for $7.00. The
A. P. J. is the oldest and largest poultry journal in America.

This is an opportunity tor you to secure invaluable information at a low cost. You know what a correct understanding of
egg production would be worth to you. Don’t delay your order. Sendit innow. And remember, we have secured exclusive
right to print and sell “DON’T KILL THE LAYING HEN.” It can only be secured as above offered.

R d Thi Wellsville, N. Y., Gentlemen:—I received your book on “‘Don’t Kill the Laying Hen.” Will say that

ea IS: it is all you claim it to be and that it isno fraud. I went out to the hen house last night and tried the
test. It worked to perfection. I predicted that a few hens would lay the next day, and sure enough some of them have laid.
Very truly yours, WM. H. LEO.

AMERICAN POULTRY JOURNAL PUB. CO.

542 D, So. Dearborn Street CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE
Half the Cost — with the

PROFIT FARM BOILER

With Dumping Caldron. Empties its kettle in
one minute. The simplest and best arrange-
ment for cooking food for stock. Also make
Dairy and Laundry Stoves, Water and Steam
Jacket Kettles, Hog Scalders, Caldrons, etc.
)&¥— Send for particulars and ask for circular L

D. R. SPERRY & CO. Batavia, IIl.

iy :
oan | New Guarantee Selling Plan
for my fine poultry to satisfy every customer. C. White and
Buff Orph., Barred,White and Buff Rocks, Turkeys, Geese and
Ducks, including White Runners. Bred on 6 farms, ate
reat

seen by an expert. Great bred-to-lay-and-win strains.
| show birds, and much stock from 225 to 250 egg record hens.

Cheap for early winter sales. FREE Catalogue and full in-
formation, write your exact wants.

METER Poultry Farms, Route 66, Garthacet il.

Successful Incubation and Brooding

Big hatches are the essentials to money-making chick raising. Do you know
how some incubators secure the maximum hatches and at the minimum cost ?
How they make artificial incubation on a large scale so successful, so profitable ? ?
It is by knowing the laws of nature and how to apply them in an
artificial way. It is by properly caring for every minute detailin a
scientific manner. An incubator, not built with full knowledge of the
principles that effect the awakening of life in the egg and control it
until the period of naling isnot dependable. It can not prove a
profitable in-
vestment.

HALL |||
MAMMOTH
INCUBATORS

are of unparalleled success because
they supply the conditions demanded
by nature.

First, there is a constant and abundant supply of
fresh, pure air—no poisonous fumes from lamps. Second,
the moisture or humidity condition is always naturally supplied.
Third, the temperature is correctly maintained at all times.

The application of the principles governing these factors are fully explained in our book “Fact
and Argument.” It is both informative and convincing of Hall merit. Write for it today.

Incubators from 1,2C0O egg capacity to 20,100 egg capacity !

HALL MAMMOTH INCUBATOR CO. Little Falls, N.Y.

Collies

Elegant high quality Collie
puppies, sable and white, from
best strains of blood; have been
carefully raised, are’ in perfect
health. Eligible to registration
American Kennel Club Stud Book,
Ready for delivery, shipped on re-
ceipt of price. We take great care in
selecting each puppy. We will please
you. Males $25 and $20 each; females
$15 each. Send order to- day.

Nice grown male Collie $50.
Our booklet sent on receipt of stamp. Address

PINE GROVE COLLIE KENNELS, Lake Ronkonkoma, Long Island, N. Y.

Airedale Terriers

The greatest dogs on earth. High class puppies
and grown stock by Soudan Swiveller and other
noted sires. I raise and sell dogs of quality.
Why buy the indifferent type? Satisfaction
guaranteed. Write me.

O. J. Butler, 27 Pine St., New York

Book. ..of ~AIREDALES-:

Sent FREE. Describes the breed, gives points
about training the dog for game, managing pup-

pies, hunting « experiences, etc. Invaluable to the
Sportsman and dog lover. ‘

THE AIREDALE TERRIER

is the greatest dog on earth. If you want a dog you
want an Airedale. Send for the book.

Montreal, Can.
Oldest

Colne Farm Kennels,

Home of the World’s Foremost Champions,
and J-argest Breeders in America.

Scottish Terriers

Offered as companions. Not
given to fighting or roaming.
Best for children’s pets.

NEWCASTLE KENNELS
Brookline, Mass.

“Nice Dog.” What Do You

feed him? Send for a free sample ofAustin’s
Dog Bread with splendid dog book also free.
Send grocer’s name.

AIREDALE FARM KENNELS
Spring Valley, N. Y.’

Mr. Howard Keeler, Owner.
The largest and most complete home for Registered /
AiredaleTerriers in America. f

The Best Chum for Children

and the only reliable guardian for the home. \
Stock of all ages for discriminating buyers. Jf we
can’t please you nobody can.

and fs is an unceasing source of
pleasure. A safe and ideal
playmate. Makes the child
strong and of robust health.
) Highest type—complete out-
ts—here. Inexpensive.
Satisfaction guaranteed. Write
for illustrated catalog.

BELLE MEADE FARM

A Child’s Delight Box 15, Markham, Va.

Large Berkshires
at Highwood

Regular Fall Offering of pigs 8 to ro
weeks old; may be selected in pairs or
trios no akin. We have the largest
herd of these animals in the U. St.
Every animal sold registered at our
expense and guaranteed to be satis-
factory to purchaser.

H.C. & H.B. ety
Dundee, N. Y.

Jersey Reds 2 are e Lively Growers

and lively growing pigs are quick money-makers. Jersey Reds are the most
satisfactory, all-around breed. Those who have tried them say so. Fatten
easily and quickly. are small-boned, long-bodied, vigorousand prolific; quality
of meat unsurpassed. Have some choice offerings now. Satisfaction guaranteed
Write quickly. Free Catalog. Arthur J. Collins, Box T, Moorestown, N. J.

203 Marginal St., Chelsea, Mass. |

A SHETLAND PONY

i . The Readers’ Service is ared to
JANUARY, 1912 THE GARDEN M AGAZINE PnP Saree Sp Peuhne slook 99]

GLADIOLI-THE PEOPLES ORCHIDS’

; This is what an admirer has aptly termed these superb flowers. Why? hls
Because not even those almost priceless products of the greenhouse surpass bi
the gladioli in range of colors or in exquisite markings. And they are the
people’s — for everyone’s garden — for yours. No flower is of easier cul-
ture, few so easy. No exacting soil requirements. No enemies to combat.
No special care required. You can grow just as handsome blossoms as
those pictured herewith, even handsomer.

I Will Teach You How to Grow Them

I will do more — I will show you how they can be used most effectively
outdoors and in. On my Meadowdale farm I grow many acres of gladioli
and I have found many uses for them. I have grown them under all con-
ditions and I have selected the very best of over 15,000 varieties. From
what I have learned by years of living with and study of these beautiful
flowers, I know they will prove satisfactory in your garden.

I Have Ready a Little Book for You
“The Uses of the Modern Gladiolus”

It is beautifully illustrated. Many of the choicest new sorts are repro-
duced in their exquisite natural tints by the wonderful new French color
process. The little book tells just How and when to plant. It shows how
Gladioli may be used for decorative effect in the garden. It suggests many
ways of using the cut flowers. It also fully describes my famous Cowee
collections, made after discarding hundreds of varieties of real merit. If
you are interested in this twentieth century flower write me, that I may
send you a copy of this little book free.

Arthur Cowee, Meadowvale Farms | |
Box 81, BERLIN, N. Y. = (\lUlU

VICTORY

THE LIBRARY OF WORK AND PLAY

For You and Your Children

ally placed emphasis on the great value
of this set for your growing boys and
girls, but it would be unfair to regard the
work as a juvenile collection. Every book
is practical and fundamental. The complete
set is an encyclopedia in everything but form
—facts have been presented in a way which
makes them personal experiences rather than
on scum Steere an alphabetical list of useful but unused
4 Deusre™ Poul race ee - : ‘ é
pov eaage® ieee . knowledge. For this reason we have no
2 cries hesitation in saying that there is a mine of
° pane? anne 4,500 pages of facts. interesting and valuable information for the
2.500 illustrations. 200 full-page halftones. whole family in each volume
Complete in eleven volumes.

CARPENTRY AND WORKING IN METALS OUTDOOR SPORTS .

WOODWORK MECHANICS GARDENING AND CUT OUT AND MAIL THIS COUPON
HOME DECORATION HOUSEKEEPING FARMING DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO., G.M. 1;12
OUTDOOR WORK ELECTRICITY NEEDLECRAFT Garden City, N. Y.

COMPLETE GUIDE AND CROSS REFERENCE INDEX Please send me the 64-page booklet on The Ere &

peaiears ; 1 FRESE Work and Play which I ee to read carefully.
An i = is book contains sample pages of text, bligation to purchase books.
Attractive 64 Page Book Free illustrations, etc., and will be sent on re- Sree aT
quest. The only obligation is your promise to read it. Sign and mail the coupon or write a letter. N
20 8 9 | —

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, Garden City, New York oot

| Pee announcements we have natur-

L bl ws IM den write t
292 De tee ate ane | TREE GARD EN MAG ZanNGe . januanys dae

Planet Jr.
The Planet Jr 1912 catalogue is an
instructive handbook of short cuts to best results

for farmers and gardeners everywhere —not simply a
list of implements. It illustrates 55 latest-improved Planet

Jr tools, showing many 7m actual use. 64 big, helpful pages.
Write for it at once! Send postal today to

Unusual Seed Offer

Asters, Mixed. Easy of culture, flowers in
September, all the colors of the rainbow.
Sweet Peas, Mixed. Contains the cream
of the newest and best shades.
Cosmos. Giant Flowered. One of the
most beautiful of all autumn flowers.
Alyssum. Hardy annual; very fragrant.

Excellent for bouquets.

Pansies. Blended from the choicest seed
grown. Large flowering.

To get our Spring Catalogue to as many
lovers of flowers as possible we will
send the above five packets of seeds and
our 1912 catalogue, if you will send us
your name and address and 10 cents in
stamps or coin for packing and mailing.

WM. ELLIOTT & SONS
41 Vesey St. New York
ESTABLISHED 67 YEARS

Planet Jr Double Wheel Hoe, Cultivator, Plow and Rake
works both sides of plants thoroughly and rapidly at one passage,
until crops are 20 inches high. This fine tool has indestructible
steel frame and steel leaf lifters.

Planet Jr Combined Hill and Drill Seeder,
Wheel Hoe, Cultivator, and Plow sows seed ac-
curately and works quickly, easily, thoroughly.
Wonderful all-round garden tool

and money-saver.

DEXTER BROTHERS’
ENGLISH SHINGLE STAINS

Preserve and waterproof the shingles, retaining their natural texture and
beauty. Write for stained miniature shingles and descriptive booklet.
DEXTER BROTHERS CO., 110 broad St., Boston, 1183 Irroadway, N.Y,

Grown Herein California SAE Laan ee 2

Two men ask you for work. One always does as
you expect. The other needs watching. Which
will you hire? F

Apply this rule to cream
separators.

Sharples Dairy Tubulars are
trustworthy. They are free
from the many parts and faults
ot others. No disks. Double
skimming force. Doubly clean
skimming always. Wear a
lifetime. Guaranteed
torever by America’s
oldest and world’s big-
gest separator concern

No others are so built
or so guaranteed. All
others are complicated
—will go wrong. Then you lose
heavily. They need watching.

Which kind for you? The trust-
worthy Tubular, of course. Write {
for catalogue No. 215.

THE SHARPLES SEPARATOR CO.
WEST CIIESTER, PA.
Chicago, Dl. San Francisco, Cal., Portland, Ore.
Toronto, Cun., Winnipeg, Can.

« California is probably the leading horticultural

\ state in the Union, and authorities in other sections
are learning the superiority of trees grown under
the unexcelled conditions that prevail here. Cali-
i) fornia trees are available for growing unusually fine
| quality fruit, right in your own grounds,

THE BEST
ORIENTAL RUGS

You cannot afford to buy imitations. How to
buy Oriental Rugs is hard unless you have
confidence, rightly placed.

Why not let me help you ?

I specialize in buying and selling Oriental Rugs —
I will sell you your own selection from my
own collection.

Write me today for full particulars

L. B. LAWTON, Major U. S. A., Retired
101 CAYUGA STREET, SENECA FALLS, NEW YORK

You Ought to Invest in
California Fruit Trees

—no matter where you live, you can grow
some of them to advantage. Our apple, peach,
plum, pear, etc., are hardy everywhere, and
include various rare introductions of
Luther Burbank that you cannot secure
elsewhere. You need to know ebonony
ist;

tion with every order. B

Our books: **Oalifornia Horticul-
ture,’’ a complete handbook, 25
cents, postpaid. *‘New Products
of the Trees,’’ 25 cents. New
Price Oatalogue, handsomely
illustrated, free.

FANCHER CREEK NURSERIES, INC.
Geo. C. Roeding, Pres. & Mer.
Box B, Fresno, California

Est. 1884. Paid-up Capital $200,000

|

Six years ago one-half the trees in the orchard of the Fairview Orchard Company, Kearneysyille, STA N DAR D
W. Va., were tagged by the Inspector, who reported it the worst scale-infected orcliard he ever saw.
After four years’ use of ‘“‘Scalecide” exclusively as a Winter wash, the same orchard is pronounced

ORCHARDS one of the cleanest in the State, and produced in 1910 over 11,000 barrels of apples, which sold for Spray Pu m Pp

over $29,000. If the continued use of “Scalecide” brings an orchard that is half dead to life,

is it reasonable to expect injury to a good orchard? “Scalecide”? shows greater fungicidal prop- , =
erties than any other Winter wash. “Scalecide” has no substitute. A postal request to Dept. ‘‘I’’ Ee ee ae fr Oe
will bring you by return mail, free, our book ‘“‘ Modern Methods of Harvesting, Grading and S6OVSH (INS EON
M A D E Packing Apples,’’? and new booklet, “SCALECIDE, the Tree-Siver.” If your dealer cannot supply , workin halfthe time. Sprays
you with “SCALECIDEH” we will deliver it to any R.R, Station in the U. S. east of the Missis- whitewash and cattle dip.
sippi and north of the Ohio Rivers on receipt of the price: 50-gal. bbls., $25.00; 30-gal. bbls., Used with bucket, barrel or knap-
G 0 (0) D $16.00; 10-gal. cans, $6.75; 6-gal. cans, ($3.75. Address, B. G. Pratt Company, 50 Church St., New sack. Always ready. Made of brass.
York City. Nothing to wear out or make trouble.

Warranted for Five Years
Write for special offer or send
$4.00. Expressage prepaid. Money
refunded if not satisfactory.
The Standard Stamping Co.
72 Main Street MARYSVILLE, OHIO

California Bungalows

Third edition California Bungalow Homes
now ready. $1.00 postpaid. 128 richly
illustrated folio pages of beautiful Bunga-

lows outside and in. Costs and details
given. THE ACCEPTED AUTHORITY ON REAL BUNGALOWS.

Smaller book MODEL BUNGALOW PLANS showing 38 ideal small homes 25 cents postpaid

THE BUNGALOWCRAFT CO., 404 Chamber of Commerce, LOS ANGELES, CAL.

UTOOUAUAAANOAANONIAONTINUIOIODY

Genasco

the Trinidad - Lake Asphalt Roofing

is the lasting roofing for this reason:
Trinidad Lake Asphalt is natural asphalt,

full of life and vigor that are put in and kept =:

there by the oily nature of this asphalt.
Genasco is made of this natural asphalt,
and has all its permanent weather-resisting
qualities which keep it lastingly waterproof.

Roofings that you don’t know about are
risky. Their looks are apt to deceive you. Be
on the safe side, and get Genasco Roofings —
mineral or smooth surface. Fully guaranteed.

The Kant-leak Kleet insures the perfect application
of roofing — makes seams water-tight without smeary
cement, and prevents leaks trom nail-holes. Ask your
dealer for Genasco with Kant-leak Kleets packed in

the roll. Look for the hemisphere trademark. Write
us for samples and the Good Roof Guide Book.

The Barber Asphalt Paving Company

Largest producers of asphalt, and largest
manufacturers of ready 1oofing in the world.

Philadelphia

New York San Francisco Chicago

Cross-section Genasco Smooth-surface Roofing
Trinidad Lake Asphalt
Asphalt-saturated Wool Felt
Trinidad Lake Asphalt

Drawn by Burne-Jones

Paderewski plays for the Victor
All the wonderful sentiment and expression this great

artist calls forth from the piano captivate you with their
exquisite beauty in his Victor Records.

Go to any Victor dealer's and hear Paderewski’s records of Chopin’s graceful “Valse
Brilliante” (88322) and his own beloved “Minuet in G” (88321)— masterly reproductions of
a master’s performance.

And be sure to hear the
Victor-Victrola

Vietor Talking Machine Co., Camden, N. J., u: S.A.

Berliner Gramophone Co. Montreal, Canadian Distributors

All sizes 2 inches to 15 inches. Write for prices
at your station.

THE E. BIGLOW CO. NEW LONDON, OHIO

Elonda Water MAN's

“THE UNIVERSAL PERFUME” 5 : ‘
Always use Victor Records played with Victor Needles— HIS MASTERS VOICE

there is no other way to get the unequaled Victor tone.

No lady’s dress- 4 ing-table, no
gentleman’s Sa shavine-stand,

a ANATUNLAUNNUENUNTDUANEREUNEAUGNAVOUEROGADOGUGNOUUEREOUUGNNNUCHNNUCONONONNGUUUDNSENUOGUSEGUUVEQUDDHUEGUUUCEENGNUDUOONNGNQUULOQUUDUOEOQUUUOQUUUCVEDECNUUUUEOUGUOOENEUCONEROUEGEONIUUUUUUANOUUUTOCGUU NANT

no club-man’s k ; locker, no trav-
eller’s satchel, RAY no bath-room,
no person nor RSGQj household, can New Victor Records are on sale at all dealers on the 28th of each mouth

¢ ATT ANURHOQGRHARARARLGADAAGAAAAAAAAGAGUARAAOANAL AGAR EONAAANANGAIGI

ASTTONOVOVSONTOPUTVOTUTCTUTOTUO MOU OTOTTUV TGS ATEATUEOOUOTUHOUTOAOOATUIETOU TTT

be considered fagafully equipped
without a bottle 4 ofthisexquisite,
unrivaled, cen- = tury old favor-
ite, MURRAY && 4 XLANMAN’S
FLORIDA WwaWATER.
There is noth- ing that will
so add to the E 2 pleasure of the
many, varied, ie Melecant uses
imthedaily care ee of ‘the person.

ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE !
SOLD BY ALL LEADING DRUGGISTS

Sample mailed om receipt of six cents to defray
mailing charges.

LANMAN & KEMP, 19° RAY oRe=="

“Don’t raise that window — you'll be drenched!”
“Don’t lift that sash — you'll freeze us all!”
“Don’t lean out so far— you'll surely fall!”

These are the exclamations you hear when someone is struggling
with the old-fashioned shutter fastenings. Avoid all this by equip-
ping your windows with the

Mallory Shutter Worker

Easy to put in; durable; not expensive. Shutters fasten firmly
has —Gan eal. Can lis easily opened, closed or set at any
angle desired, from the inside and without raising sash.

Write today for FREE booklet telling the whole story.

Mallory Manufacturing Co.
253 Main St. Eicmington, N. J.

.
)
a

f$ Evenin

CELELELLESE 1

Dromedary

sh Garden of Eden
KD
= on,

Sixt ' ,
pres eet On the Euphrates River, Arabiaz&s

The finest date gardens in the world are in Arabia, situated along the Euphrates
River, which watered the Garden of Eden. There climate, soil, moisture and sun,
all combine to make dates, Nature’s most favored sweetmeat.

DROMEDARY DATES are selected as the choicest of the many million
pounds which our employees in Bussorah annually gather in these famous Euphrates
Gardens. They come to you as soft, clean and delicious as when first gathered, for
they are so packed that the original richness and moisture is retained. Unlike the
ordinary dates you buy in bulk, these are packed in layers, separated by waxed paper,
are wrapped in parchment and enclosed in unique dust-proof cartons.

Such dates delight as a favorite candy, while scientific analysis proves them more
nourishing than bread. Profit by the centuries’ old example of the
Arabs, who depend upon them as their ‘‘staff of life” and

Use More Dates— Use Them Oftener.

Dromedary Dates can be purchased at most grocery, fruit and delicatessen stores or—

A small sample-sized package will be sent on receipt of 10c
to cover cost of packing and mailing.

NOVEL COOK BOOK FREE. [t js one of the most unique books of recipes
ever printed, describing One Hundred new and wholesome dishes possible of making
with Dromedary Dates and our selected Dromedary brands of Dried Fruits. If
in requesting copy, you will mention name and address of dealer from whom you
buy dried fruits, we will mail you this useful book free.

THE HILLS BROS. COMPANY = S™/

Dept. E, Beach and Washington Streets New York City

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THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK

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