are Pa Soros Gases reeks IGT UEN RNR N RAN = Sos seae : eters pirouettes oo thn fa i: fa Te f hye ie uneCaG “Seer rae DRESSom Dany ee € 3} ui 24 7 ig a pean se ee ui ab a att in i = Sipeeeererseerire Tits seceeteaerreeacats Ris ths . CATED: IN BEAUTIFUL FINGER LAKES Ses rae amy = ©) tn’ Z SZ pee Xe =- [2S < uu cs ee of = — =) (@) no) a : 2: . . ’ . é ; & > r i i f “ Ps . i PHE GARDEN MAGAZINE Devoted to Planting and Managing the Grounds About the Home and to the Cultivation of Fruits, Vegetables and Flowers Volume XXVI August, 1917, to January, 1918 y, \ ( OCT 29 1986 =}, ° f NLiitaitics A | GARDEN Cliby NEW YORK DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 1917 INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Volume XXVI—August, 1917 to January, 1918 Copyrighted, 1918, by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. An asterisk (*) indicates that the article is illustrated Acanthopanax, 123* After Blooming —What? 158* A.L., article by, 167 All to the Good, 6 Allen, R. E., article by, too Allison, Inga M. K.., article by, 132 American Civic Association, 102 American Gardens, English Material for, 185 American Hort., Organization in, 166 American Rose Society, 166 American Sweet Pea Society, 166 Andrews, D. M., article and photo- graph by, 184 Andromeda floribunda, 16* Andromeda glaucophylla, 16 Andromeda polifolia, 16* Andromeda speciosa, 16* Angell, H. E., photographs by, 134 Annuals, Premier of All, 166 Antirrhinum gibraltarica, 118 A. P. S., article by, 39 Aphids on Your Plum Tree? 164* Aphis, cabbage, 10 Apple borer, 56 Apple trees, borers in, 10 Apples, Topworked, 184 Apples, wormy, 56 Arbutus, Trailing, 16 Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi, 15 Ardisia, 133*, 158 Arnold Arboretum—What It Is and Does, 122* Arny, L. Wayne, article by, 160 Artemisia lactiflora, 18* Association, American Civic, 102 Association, Woman’s Farm Garden, 166 Aster2—Why Does the Beetle Attack This, 117 Asters, 17* Asters, dwarf, 17* At the Turn of Winter, 165* August cover, Cashing in Authorized Statement of the Asst. Secretary of Agriculture, 9 Ayer, H. D., photograph by, 51 Azalea, Indian, 159* and Baskets filled with vegetables, 12* Bastin, S. Leonard, article by, 118*; photographs by, 90, 118, 120 Battlefield of a Year Ago, A, 79 Bayberry Candles, Recipe for, 172 Beach, S. A., article by, 184 Bean, Bush, 197* Bean support, 80* Beans, 10, 92*, 197* Beans, covered with cloth, 57* Beans on Strings, 80* Bearberry, 15* Beech collection, 123* Beetle; Why does it attack this Aster? 117 Beetles, fruit-tree-bark, 56 Beets, 10, 98, 197* . Beets, storing, 85* Beginner’s Garden, The, 188* Begonia, Gloire de Lorraine, 133* Begonia, Winter, 159 Berry Cane, 195* Berry, Partridge, 16 Big Events for St. Louis in 1918, 104 Binders, Irises as Soil, 117 Bird Bath, 118* Bird Bath. A Home-Made, 150* Bird—Brown Thrasher, 154* Bird, Cedar, 155* Bird Garden, 153* Bird House, 155* Bird, Indigo, 154* Birds, Encouraging the, 153” Birds, Shrubs attractive to, 154 Blackberry Plant, 11 Blackcap Raspberries, How to Get New Plants of, 96 Blacklock, M. E., article by, 6 Bloom, Spring Planting for Summer, 201* Blooming, After—What? 158* Blue, A Touch of, in the Fall Garden, ISI “Bog” Gardening with Native Plants, 89* Bog Rosemay, 16 Boilers, 127*, 128* Books, A Glance at the Garden, of the Year, 156 Borers, 10, 11, 56 Box Huckleberry, 16 Box, Tulips in the Window, 41* Brassey-Brierley, Charlotte, article by, 39 Bright Flowers, January cover Brooklyn Botanic Garden, photo- graph by, 89 Brooks, John A., photographs by, 14 Broomstick Scratcher, 40* Broomstick Scratcher, Comment on the, 151 Browberry, 16 Brown Thrasher, 154* _ Budding and Grafting—How they are done, 48 Buddleia, New, from Seeds, 117 Buddleias; Why they Die, 119 Bugs, Spraying Kills Young Squash, 28 Bulbs, 120* Bulbs Assured, Some, 104 Bulbs for Twelve Months, Indoors and Outside, 43* Bulbs Forced in a Greenhouse, 60 Bulbs, Gladiolus, 163 Bulb Planter, 41* Bulbs, Various, 159 Burke, Anna M., article and photo- graphs by, 158 Bush Bean, 197* Bush Cherry, New Chinese, 80* Bush, Spindle, 16 Bushes, borers in quince, II But, Be Reasonable, 183 Button, H. F., article, by, 86. Cabbage, 197* Cabbage Aphis, 10 Cabbage, Chinese, 40* . Cabbage in a trench, 83* Cabbage Worms, 10 Cactus, 135* Calopogon, purple, 91* Can You Cook a Potato? 134* Canadian Yew, 16 Candles, Recipe for Bayberry, 172 Cannas, 163* Canning?, Is the Fireless Cooker Used in, 117 Canning Kohlrabi, 40 Canterbury Bells and _ Foxgloves, Wintering, 119 Capsicum, 159* Carrots, 10, 98, 197*, 198* Carrots, storing, 85* Cary, J. H., article by, 117 Cashing In, August cover Cashing-In the War Gardens, 11* Catalogues, Getting the Best out of the, 197* Cauliflowers, 98, 198 Cedar Bird, 155* Cedar of Lebanon, 123* Celery, 198 Celery, New Method of Wintering, 80 Celery Culture, More About Inten- sive, 41 Celery, storing, 83* Cercidiphyllum japonicum, 125* Chafers, Rose, 96 Chamberlain, John W., article by, 6 Cherry, Jerusalem, 158 Cherry Leaves, blistered, 56 Chinese Bush Cherry, New, 80* Chinese Cabbage, 40* Christmas Dollar, Making the most of the, 151 Christmas Gifts for the Gardener, 151 Christmas Spirit of 1917, December cover, by J. P. Verrees Clark, F. L., article by, 5 Clarke, H., article by, 28 Clearing up for Winter, 120 Climbing Hydrangea, 185* Club & Society News, 24, 64, 102, 138, 167, 208 Coal, Various Ways of Saving, 196 Coldframe, 45*, 157* Collards, Extravagance of, 186 Color, Fall; in the Rock Garden, 118 Color of Pansies, and Hot Weather, 98 Combinations, Practical Vegetable, 132 ; Comment on _ the Scratcher, 151 Compost heap, making a, 55 Conservation, crop, 9 Conservation, personal pointers for, 13 Conveniences for the Cottage, 30* Corn, 198 Costich, Edwin H., article and photo- graph by, 15 Cotoneaster hupehensis, 124* Cottage, Conveniences for the, 30* Cottontails, We Love Our, 6 Cover crops, 58 Cover crops, when to grow, 9 Cover Design, August, by J. P. Ver- rees, Cover Designs, October, November, and December, by J. P. Verrees Cover Design, January, by H.W. Ortlip Cover Design, September, by E. D. Drake Covering lettuce with cloth, 57* Crabapple, 123* Craftsman Woodpecker, The, 167 Craig, W. N., articles by, 97*, 129* Cranberry, Mountain, 16 Crops, packing root, 95* Crop Conservation and Distribution, 9 Crops, cover, 58 Crops, Making Real Use of the Gar- den’s, 132 Crooker, Orin, photograph by, 154 Crops, Present Sowing for Extra Early, 95* Crops, profitable, that can be grown under glass, 129 Croton, Reedii, 133* Cucumbers, 10, 198 Cultivation, Saving Labor in Land, 21 Currants, 51* Currants, Why so Few? 5 Cutworms, 56 Cyclamen, 1509* Cyclamen, My Experience with, in the House, 170 Broomstick Daffodils and Tulips Planted Late, 149 Dahlia Festivals, 64 Dahlia Tubers, 162* Darwin Tulip—Did it disappoint? 5 Day, Curtis Fisher, article by, 40 Daylight Saving, We Want, 183 Day-lily, Lemon-yellow, 53* Dean, Mrs. J., article by, 117 December Cover, The Christmas Spirit of 1917, by J. P. Verrees December in the Greenhouse, 165* December in the South, 168 December preparations, 152 Delphiniums, 17 Destruction of Fruit Bearing Trees, 140° Did the Darwin Tulip Disappoint? 5 Difficulties solved by a teaspoon, 7 Downer, H. E., article and photo- graph by, 185 Drainage; why it is important indoors, 130 Drake, E., September cover design by Drosera intermedia, go* Drug Plant Growing; Is it Practical? 160 Drying fruit, 25 Dunbar, John, article by, 6* Duffy, S. R., articles by, 50, 1109 Dugmore, A. R., photographs by, 90, 154, 155 Durand, Herbert, article by, 79 Early Start, Fall Plowing for an, 136 Early crops, Present Sowing for extra, 95 E. E.S., article by, 118 Egg-plants, 57* Eldredge, Arthur G., photographs by, 52, 123, 165 Electricity for Heating Frames, 125* Encouraging the Birds, 153* English Material for American Gar- dens, 185 English Primrose, 151* Epigaea repens, 16 Essay, Mr. Duffy’s, 118 European Grapes for America, 79 Evergreen shrub, 52* Evergreens, Native; Ground Covers, 15* Evonymus obovatus, 16 Exford, Ernest C., article by, 5 Exhibition Season, The, 138 Experience with Cyclamen in the House, 170 Experiment with the Potato. An, 184 Experimenting with Hunnemannia, 149 Extravagance of Collards, 186 Suitable For Fairchild, M., article and photo by, 40 Fall Canker Worm, 56 Fall Color in the Rock Garden, 118 Fall Garden, Touch of Blue in the, 151 Fall Made Lawn, 41* Fall Planting. 51%, 81 Fall Plowing for an Early Start, 136 Fall Sown Sweet Peas, 80 Farrington, E. I., article by, 40*; photographs by, 40, 122, 123, 124 Fay, Albert E., article by, 186 February, Flowers in, 117 Ferns for House Plants, 118 Fertilizer, Gallinaceous; Handled in a Practical Way, 50 Festivals, The Dahlia, 64 Fetter Bush, 16 Few Facts, A, 117 Fireless Cooker; Is It Used in Can- ning? 117 Florists; What They Will Offer in Holiday Plants, 133* Flower Roots, Wintering Tender, 162 Flower on November cover—Oncid- jum varicosum Flowers, Bright; January cover Flowers Every Month, 6 Flowers for the July Garden, 201* Flowers in February, 117 Food Administration, Message from the, 93 Foliage, slugs on pear, 10 Food Administration Poster, 9 Food and Home Economies That Can Finance the War, 54 Food From the Greenhouse This Winter, 97* For the South, 26, 62, 110, 136, 168, 204 Forcing Bulbs in a Greenhouse, 60 Forest Hill Road, 123* Foxgloves, Wintering Canterbury Bells and, 119 Frame, 47* Frames, Electricity for Heating, 125* French Orchardists, Helping the, 140* Fresh Vegetables; Using them wisely, 126 Frost, protection from, 57 Fruit Bearing Trees, Destruction of, 140° Fruit, dried, 26 Fruit, Planning for—This Year and After, 112* Fruit-Tree-Bark Beetles, 56 Fruiting Shrubs, Two; for the Home Garden, 79* Fruits and Vegetables; Using them wisely, 87* Fuel Problem, Solving the, 196 Fumigator, Home-Made Potted Plant, 184* G. W. A., article by, 41 Garden, Touch of Blue in the Fall, 151 Garden, backyard, 92* Garden, bird, 153* Garden Books of the year, A Glance at the, 156 Garden Club Journal, International, 150 Garden debris, use of, 96 Garden Efficiency, Water to Increase, TH Garden Enemies, 28 Garden, Fall Color in the Rock, 118 Garden, Flowers for the July, 201* Garden; getting it under glass, 130* Garden Home, Inside the, 30*, 108*, 174* Garden ‘“‘Movies” No. 1, 189* Garden Products Stored for the Winter, 83* Garden, Rose; for Portland, Ore., 24 Garden Soil, Making Next Year’s, Better, 86 Garden, suburban, 55* Garden, the August, 9 Garden, The Beginner’s, 188* Garden, Patriotic, 9*, 55*, 93%, 191* Garden, Two Fruiting Shrubs for the Home, 79* Garden, Methods of Scientific Man- agement Applied to the Vegetable, IgI Garden, Plans for Vegetable, 200, 201 Garden, War; Make it Attractive, 200* Gardener’s Winter Pastime, A, 120 Gardening, ‘‘Bog,” with Native Plants, 89* Gardening for the winter, 42 Gardening from the Outside, 81 Gardening, High Pressure Vegetable, 100 Gardens Add $100,000,000 to Nation’s Wealth, 93* Garden’s Crops, Making Real Use of the, 132 Gardens, English Material for Amer- ican, 185 Gardens, rock, 45 Gardens, war, 11* Garekol, S. H., articles by, 106, 136 Gaylussacia brachycera, 16 Gentian, Closed, 90* Geraniums, 162* Getting the Garden Under Glass, 130* Geyer, O. R., article by, 93* Gifts, Holiday; that the Gardener Can Send, 172 Ginder, J. W., article by, 80 Gladiolus, 162* Gladiolus Bulbs, 163 Glance at the Garden Books of the Year, A, 156 Gloire de Lorraine Begonia, 133* Goodwin, Frank E., article and photographs by, 21, 22 Gooseberries, 51* Grafting, 48 Grapes, 51* Grapes, European, for America, 79 Graves, Nathan R., photographs by, 6, 16, 17, 18, 40, 51, 53, 80, 93, 150, 151, 153, 158, 159, 195 Great Hort. Meeting in New York, 24 Greenhouse, 43*, 97*, 128*, 129, 165* Greenhouse Activities in December, 165* Greenhouse bench, 45* Greenhouse boiler, 127* INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Greenhouse, Bulbs Forced in a, 60 Greenhouse, Food from the, This Winter, 97* Greenhouse Heating, Little Chat on, Toi Greenhouse, Inside the, cover, by J. P. Verrees Greenhouse That Isn’t Heated, 1209* Greenhouse; With Oncidium vari- cosum, November cover; by J. P. Verrees Greenhouses, Hardy Unheated, 150* Ground-Covers, Native Evergreens Suitable for, 15* 7 Grubs, white, 56 November Primulas for H.G.R., article by, 117 Habenaria, 89* Habenarias This Season, 79 Hall, E. J., photograph by, 55 Hammond, Benjamin, Portrait, 81 Handling Gallinaceous Fertilizer in a Practical Way, 50 Hardy Primulas for Unheated Green- houses, 150* Hardy Yellow Rose, The, 117 : Harris, Mrs. Floyd W., article by, 117 Harvest is Gathered, October Cover, by J. P. Verrees Has No Rival, 81 Heather?, Who Succeeds with, 5 Heating Frames, Electricity for, 125* Heating, Little Chat on Greenhouse, iy Heating material, 125* Hedge of Lupins, 39 Helenium, 53* Heliotrope, 202* Helping the French Orchardists, 140* Hemerocallis citrina, 53* Hopkins, W., photograph by, 153 Herbaceous Plants, Wintering, 39 High Pressure Vegetable Gardening, 100 Holes, flute-like, ro Holiday Gifts that the Gardener Can Send, 172 Holiday Plants, What the Florists Will Offer in, 133* Hollyhock Chain, The Topeka, 149* Hollyhocks, 202* Home, Inside the Garden, 30*, 108*, 174* Home Garden, Two Fruiting Shrubs for the, 79* Home-made Bird Bath, 150* Home-made Potted Plant Fumigator, 184* Hood, G. W., article and photo- graphs by, 13, 14 Horticulture, Organization in Amer- ican, 166 Hotbed, 157* Hotbed Frame 125* House, Bird, 155* House, My Experience with Cycla- men in the, 170 House Plant, Marsh Marigold as a, 7 House Plants, Ferns for, 118 House, Some Good Things for the Small rosin 74s. Hovey, E. von R., article by, 170 How Budding and Grafting are Done, 48 Huckleberry, Box, 16 Hunnemannia, Experimenting with, 149 Hydrangea petiolaris, 122* Hydrangea, The Climbing, 185* I Say: Sow Sweet Peas in the Fall for Early Bloom, 47* Importance of drainage indoors, 130 Tadian Azalea, 159* Iadigo Bird, 154* Ingredients, mixing soil, 131* Inside the Garden Home, .30*, 108*, 174" Inside the Greenhouse, November Cover, by J. P. Verrees International G. C. Journal, 1so0 Tris, Spanish and German, from seed, 5 Irises as Soil Binders, 117 Irises, Modern; That Outclass the Old, 18 Irrigation systems, 13* Is Drug Plant Growing Practical? 160 Is the Fireless Cooker Used in Can- ning? 117 January Cover, Bright Flowers January planting, 187 Jerusalem Cherry, 158 Journal, International G. C., 150 July Garden, Flowers for the, 201* Juniper collection, 123* Kains, M. G., articles by, 51*, 194%; photographs by, 195 Kale, ro Kalmia angustifolia, 16 Kalopanax ricinifolium, 123* Keeping It When You’ve Got It, 83* Kerr, G. W., articles and photo- graphs by, 47%, 80, Kift, Robert, article by, 133* Kirkpatrick, E. L., article and photo- graph by, 167 Knoch, A. A., article by, 117 Kohlrabi, Canning, 40 Kruhm, A., article by, 157* Kunderd, A. E., Portrait, 81 L. B., articles by, 64, 30, 40* L.G.B., article and illustration by, 184 L. M., article by, 6 Labor, Saving, in Land Cultivation, 21 Ladies’ Tresses, go* Land Cultivation, Saving Labor in, Din Larkspur, Moerheim’s, 18* Late M. Vilmorin, The, 64 Late Strawberry Planting, 41 Laurel, Sheep, 16, 91* Lawn, fall made, 41* Lawns, 93* Leaders of the Societies, 81* Leaves, beautiful, 160 Leiophyllum buxifolium, 16* Lettuce, covered with cloth, 57* Lettuce, 10, 57, 98, 131*, 198*, 199* Leucocrinum montanum, 184* Leucothoé Catesbei, 16 Lilies, Day, 53* Lily, The Sand, 184* Little Chat on Greenhouse Heating, T27* Long and The Short, The, 184 Lounsberry, Alice, article by, 153* Lupins, A Hedge of, 39 M. G. K., article by, 184 MacArthur, J. N., article by, 127* MacCalbane, H. L., article by, 185 Mackay, A. W., article by, 117 McCausland, Arthur, article by, 184 McClelland, W., article by, 79 McCollom, W. C., articles by, 43*, 125*, 165*, 188*; diagrams by, 126; photographs by, 43, 44, 45, 46, 40, 83, 85, 92, 95, 96, 97, 162, 163, 189 Machine, spray, 14* Machines, 21* Magnolia Salicifolia, 6* Make Your War Garden Attractive, 200* Making a Lawn in Fall, 41* Making Next Year's Garden Soil Better, 86 Making Real Use of the Garden’s Crops, 132 Making the Christmas Dollar Buy a Dollar’s Worth, 151 Making the Smallest Quantity Reach the Farthest, 191* Malus theifera, 123* Map of Convention Garden 1917, 24 Map showing earliest recorded frosts, a/ Maples, 124* Marsh Marigold as a House Plant, 7 Marshall, James Collier, articles by, BOP LOSn eye Meconopsis integrifolia, 118* Meeting of Women Horticulturists at Chicago, 104 ' Parsnips prepared for storage, 85* 12 Meller, C. L., articles graphs by, 41, 135 Melons, 10, 198 Merrell, Nellie D., article by, 6 Message from the Food Administra- tion, 93 Methods of Scientific Industrial Management Applied to the Vege- table Garden, 191* Milk-flowered Ragweed, 18% Mixing soil ingredients, 131* Modern Irises That Outclass the Old, 18 Moerheim’s Larkspur, 18* Monkshood, 18* and _ photo- Month’s Reminder, 7, 42, 81, 120, VHOV1S7, More About Intensive Celery Cul- ture, 41 Morus acidosa, 80 Mulberry, 80 Mulching—Successful and Otherwise, 167* Mushrooms, 98 Musser, M. J., photograph by, 199 My Experience with Cyclamen in the House, 170 Myrtle, Sand, 16* N. S., article by, 41 Nash, G. N., map by, 24 Native Evergreens Suitable for Ground-Covers, 15* Native Plants, ‘‘Bog’’ Gardening with, 89* Neat Stake, 128 Nettelroth, Cleo L., article and photo- graphs by, 150 New Buddleia or Summer Lilac from Seeds, 117 New Hybrid Tree Peony, 40* New Method of Wintering Celery, 80 New York Spring Show, 138 Northend, M, H., photographs by, 12 November .Cover, The Greenhouse; with Oncidium varicosum, by J. P. Verrees November in the South, 136 Nozzle, 14* October Cover, The Harvest is Gath- ered, by J. P. Verrees Old-Time Southern Recipes, 26, 62 Oncidium varicosum—F lower on No- vember cover One Successful ‘“‘War Garden” Ef- fort, 91* Onions. 57, 198 Operations, December, 152 Orchardists, Helping the French, 140* Orchid, Fringed, 80* Orchid, Yellow Fringed, 91* Orders of the Day, 96 Organization in American Hort., 166 Original Sundial, An, 118* Ornamental Pepper, 159* Ortlip, H. W., January Cover by Out of Season Transplanting, 6 Pack, Charles Lathrop, article by, 186 Packing root crops, 95* Pansies all the Year in Tennessee, 39 Pansies, Color of, and Hot Weather, 98 Pastime, A Gardener’s Winter, 120 Parsnips, storing, 85* Partridge Berry, 16 Patch, Edith M., article and photo- graphs by, 164 Patriotic Garden, 9*, 55* 93*, 191* Patterson, J. M., articles by, 26, 62, TIO, 136, 168, 204 “ay Your Money and Take Your Choice;? 17*, 537 Peach borer, 56 Pear foliage, slugs on, 10 Pear, Prickly, 135* Pear Psylla, 56 Peas, 10, 57, 98, 198 Peony, A Yellow Tree, 40* Peony La Lorraine, 40* Peony, New Hybrid Tree, 40* Peonies, Plant, in September, 49* Peonies that Fit, 39 “Peonies that Fit,’ Regarding, 79 Pepper, Ornamental, 159* Pepper Vine, 184 Peppers, 198 Perennials, hardy, 17*, 53* Pests, general attention to, 98 Peterson, W. J., photograph by, 133 Phloxes, 53 Pitcher Plant, 90* Plan to Plant—The Call of 1918, 186 Planning for Fruit This Year and After, 194* Plans for vegetable garden, 200, 201 Plans, planting, 192, 193 Plant, a “‘leggy,’’ 118* Plant, Drug, 160 Plant Fumigator, Made, 184* Plant Now—or Wait Till Spring? 51* Plant Peonies in September, 49* Plant, Pitcher, 90* Plant, Plan to, 186 Plant, raspberry, 11 Planter, A Bulb, 41* Planting, August, 7, 10 Planting, December, 152 Planting, Fall, 81 Planting for the South, 110, 136, 168, 204 Planting, January, 187 Planting, Late Strawberry, 41 Planting, November, 120 Planting, October, 81 Planting plans, 192, 193 Planting, September, 42, 51*, 55 Planting, Spring, for Summer Bloom, 201* Planting Table, vegetable, 194 Planting to attract birds, 153% Planting Tulips and Daffodils Late, 149 Planting Vegetables in Autumn, 106 Plantings, late, 42 Plants, Ferns for, House; 118 Plants, Making the most of the Holi- day Gift, 158 Plants, Room; Why They Become Leggy, 118* Plants, What the Florists Will Offer in Holiday, 133* Plants, Where to Obtain Rare, 149 Plants, Wintering Herbaceous Plants, Potted Home- 39 Plot, vegetable, 200* Plowing, Fall, for an Early Start, 136 Plum Tree, Aphids on your, 164* Poinsettia, 158* Pomologists to Meet At Boston, 102 Poppies, Oriental, 53 Poppywort, A Rare, 39 Poster, Food Administration, 9 Potato, 134” Potato, An Experiment with the, 184 Potato, Can You Cook a, 134* Potatoes before storing, 83* Potatoes, The Storage of, 168 Potted Plant Fumigator, Home-Made, 184* Potting, 44* Premier of All Annuals, 166 Preparation for winter, 81 Preparations, December, 152 Presby, F. H., articles by, 149, 151. Present Sowing for Extra Early Crops, 95* Prickly Pear, 135* Primrose, 160 Primrose, English, 151* Primula cashmeriana,151* Primulas, Hardy, for Unheated Green- houses, 150% Protection from frost, 57 Protection, Winter, 135* Provost, B.S.,articleand photos by, 118 Prunus tomentosa, 80* Putting the Rose on the Map, 166 Quince bushes, borers in, 11 Quinces, wormy, To R.R.A., article and photograph by, 41 Radishes, 10, 57, 98, 198 Ragweed, Milk-flowered, 18* INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Ramsey, Leonidas Willing, article and plans by, 200, 201 Rare Plants, Where to Obtain, 149 Rare Poppywort, 39 Raspberry plant, 11 Recipe for Bayberry Candles, 172 Recipes, Old-Time Southern, 26, 62 Recruit, Training the, September cover, by E. D. Drake Regarding ‘‘Peonies That Fit,” 79 Reid, Buford, article by, 149 Ridsdale, P. S., article by, 79 Road, Forest Hill, 123* Robinson, Effie M., article by, 134* Rock Garden, Fall Color in the, 118 Rock Gardens for the Connoisseur, 45 Rockery, 46* Rockwell, F. F., articles by, 11*, 83* 130°; illustrations by, 84, 130 Rolfe, H. Parker, photograph by, 199 Room Plants; When They Become Leggy, 118* Root Crops, packing, 95* Root-vegetables in a trench, 83* Roots, storing, 163* Roots, Wintering the Tender Flower, 162* Rose chafers, 96 Rose Garden for Portland, Ore., 24 Rose, Putting the, on the Map, 166 Rose, The Hardy Yellow, 117 Rosemay, Bog, 16 Rowland, E, H,, articles by, 184, 186 Rutledge, A., articles by, 80, 120 S. I’. H., articles by, 7, 80*, 149 S.L.B., articleand photograph by, 41 41 Sage, pale blue, 53* Salvia, 54 Salvia azurea, 53* San José Scale, 56 Sand Lily, The, 184* Sand Myrtle, 16* Sargent, C. S., article by, 122* Saving Labor in Land Cultivation, 21* Schoyer, B. Preston, article by, 118 Scientific Industrial Management, Methods of, as Applied to the Vege- table Garden, 191* Scratcher, A Broomstick, 40* Seed Order and the Tangle of Varie- ties, Your, 197* September cover, Training the Re- cruit, by E. D. Drake Seeds, New Buddleia or Summer Lilac from, 117 September, Piant Peonies in, 49* Sheep Laurel, 16, 91* Show, New York Spring, 138 Shrubs Attractive to Birds, 154 Shrubs, Two Fruiting, for the Home Garden, 79* Sinclair, G, H., photograph by, 154 Skinner, C.D.,articleand photo by, 149 Slugs on pear foliage, 10 Small House, Some Good Things for the, r08*, 174* Smallest Quantity; Making it reach the farthest, 191* Snapdragons, 118 Sneezeworts, 53* Society, American Rose, 166 Society, American Sweet Pea, 166 Societies, Leaders of the, 81* Soil Binders, Irises as, 117 Soil ingredients, mixing, 131* Soil, Making Next Year’s Garden, Better, 86 = Solving the Fuel Problem, 196 Some Bulbs Assured, 104 Some Good Things for the Small House, 108, 174* South, Planting for the, 110, 136, 168, 204 Sowing, Present, For Extra Early Crops, 95 Spanish and German Iris From Seed, 5 Speck, Private A., article by, 79 Spice Sweet and Sweet Bough, 120 Spinach, fo, 57, 198 Spindle Bush, 16 Spray Engineering Co,, photos by, 14 Spray machine, 14* Spraying Kills Young Squash Bugs, 28 Spring, F’., articleand photo by, 201,202 Spring Planting for Summer Bloom, 201* Sprinkler, 13* Squash, 198 Squash Bugs, Spraying Kills Young, 28 Stake, 41* Stake, A Neat, 128 Standpipes, 13* Steed, T. J., photograph by, 157 Stoddard, G. O., photograph by, 125 Storage, 83* Storage of Garden Products for the Winter, 83* Storage of Potatoes, 168 Storing beets, 85* Storing carrots, 85* Storing celery, 83* Storing parsnips, 85* Storing, potatoes before, 83* Storing roots, 163* Storing Tender Flower-Roots, 162* Strawberry Glen Mary, 20* Strawberry Planting, Late, 41 Strawberry Specialist’s Intensive “Systems,” 20* Streptosolen Jamesoni as a Standard, 150° String Beans, 98 ; Sturtevant, R.S., article by, 118 Summer Bloom, Spring Planting for, 201" Summer Lilac (New Buddleia) from Seeds, 117 Sundew, 9o0* Sundial, An Original, 118* Sweet Bough, Spice Sweet and, 120 Sweet Corn, and ‘“‘Sweet”’ Corn, 185 Sweet Peas, Fall Sown, 80 Sweet Peas Sown in the I’all for Early Bloom, 47* Systems of a Strawberry Specialist, Intensive, 20* Table, vegetable planting, 104 Tabor, Grace, article and planting plans by, 191, 192, 193 Taylor, Norman, article and photo- graphs by, 89, 90 Tealdi, Aubrey, article by, 81 Thalictrum dipterocarpum, 54 Thatcher, A. E., article and photo- graph by, 119 Thomas, F. M., articles by, 17*, 39, 53* Tomatoes, 96*, 198", 199* Tomlinson, B. N., articles by, 5, 39 Tools to use during January, 189* Topeka Hollyhock Chain, 149* Topworked Apples, 184 Totty, Charles H., Portrait, 8x Touch of Blue in the Fall Garden, 151 Tractors, 21* Trailing Arbutus, 16 Training the Recruit, cover, by E. D. Drake Transplanting, Out of Season, 6 Tree Peony, A Yellow, 40* Tree Peony, New Hybrid, 40* Trees attractive to birds, 154 Trench, outdoor, 43* Trench, root-vegetables in a, 83* Tresses, Ladies’, go* Troth, H., photographs by, 133, 197 Trumbull, E. E., article by, 117 Tuberoses, 163* Tubers, Dahlia, 162* Turnips, 10, 57, 199 Tulips and Daffodils Planted Late, 149 Tulips in the Window Box, 41* Two Fruiting Shrubs for the Home Garden, 79* Tyler, Jas. E., photograph by, 197 Under Glass Culture, Vegetables for, September 157" Under Glass, Getting the Garden, 130* Unheated Greenhouse, 129* Unheated Greenhouses, Hardy Prim- ulas for, 150* Uni-Ford Tractor, photograph by, 22 United States Dept. of Agriculture, photographs by, 88 Using Fresh Vegetables Wisely, 126 Using Fruits and Vegetables Wisely, 87 3 VanGelder, H. E., article and photo- graph by, 80 Vaccinium vitisidea, 16 Valentine, F. H., articles by, 20* 184; photograph by, 20 Vegetable combinations, practical, 132 Vegetable Gardening, High Pressure, 100 Vegetable Garden, Methods of Sci- entific Management Applied to the, n@ie* Vegetable Garden, plans for, 200, 201 Vegetable planting table, 194 Vegetable plot, 200* Vegetables and Fruits; Using them wisely, 87* Vegetables for Under Glass Culture, 157 Vegetables, Fresh; Using them wisely, 126 Vegetables Planted in Autumn, 106 Vegetables, root, in a trench, 83* Vegetables, why they spoil, 83 Verrees, J. P., August, October. No- vember, January cover designs by, Verrees, J. P., photograph by, 11 Viburnum opulus, 153 Vilmorin, The Late M., 64 Vincent, Jr., Richard, Portrait, 8r Vine, Pepper, 184 Vines, 52* Vrooman, Carl, ment by, 9 7 Authorized State- W. M.., article by, 81 W.N. C., articles by, 118, 119, 150° Wait, Walter J., article by, 128 Walter, F. A., photographs by, 49 War Garden; Make it Attractive, 200* “War Garden” Effort, One Success- ful, o1* War Gardens, Cashing-In the, 11* War Gardens; What they really mean, Water to Increase Garden Efficiency, 13 We Love Our Cottontails; 6 We Want Daylight Saving, 183 West., Geo. P., photographs by, 21 What the Florists Will Offer in Holi- day Plants, 133* When a Teaspoon Solves Difficulties, 7 When Room Plants Become Leggy, 118* Where to Obtain Rare Plants, 149 White, Chas. E., photograph by, 155 White grubs, 56 Whiting, W. J., article by, 7 Who Succeeds with Heather? 5 Why Buddleias Die, rr9 Why Does the Beetle Attack this Aster? 117 Why So Few Currants? 5 Wilder, Louise Beebe, article by, 120 Willard, S. F., article by, 651 Wilson, E. V., article by, 162* Window Box, Tulips in the, 41* Winter, At the Turn of, 165* Winter Begonia, 159 Winter Pastime, A Gardener’s, 120 Winter preparation, 81 Winter protection, 135* Wintering Canterbury Bells and Fox- gloves, 119 ' Wintering Celery, New Method of, 80 Wintering Herbaceous Plants, 39 Wintering Tender Flower Roots, 162* Wire worms, 56 Wolff, Wm. H., article by, 48 Woman’s Farm and Garden Assn., 166 Women Horticulturists’ Meeting at Chicago, 104 Wood, Jos. L., article by, 5 Woodpecker, 155*, 167 Yellow Fringed Orchid, 91* Yellow Tree Peony, 40* Your Seed Order and the Tangle of Varieties, 197* Zenobia, 16* A X LAs LX A The GAR DE August 1917 : | | Ss Price 25c St ad POW DAY PAGE & COMPANY, GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK i EVERGREENS For August Planting The world’s choicest varieties are in our nurseries HARDY OLD FASHIONED FLOWERS For Fall Planting All the best of the old varieties and the most notable introductions in the Peony and Iris field SPRING FLOWERING BULBS For Fall Planting Daffodils, Tulips, Hyacinths, and a full assortment of the best miscellaneous bulbs In the quality of our stock and in the extent and variety of our collections we are unrivalled in America. 500 acres of Nursery, half a million feet under glass. Visit our Nursery, 8 miles from New York, or write for Illustrated Catalogue. Rutherford, New Jersey AA SVN MINNA HU 22 PEONIES and IRIS Our Specialty Our Guarantee We will replace with three every plant bloom- ing untrue to description. Send for descriptive price list gust issued PETERSON NURSERY 1033 Stock Exchange Bldg. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS HANNAN Ee ee EE he eee ee LN a a American Arborvitae “ 7 to 8—8 to 9— 9 to 10 Feet These are all big specimen trees—compact grown —and they are unusually finely developed trees. The right kind of material for the Landscape Architect to use for Sy building up a high living green wall around the Formal garden, or for screening any other feature on the lawn for which an immediate ef- < fect is desired. The First Size Trees are . $8.00 each or $75.00 for ten Next Size $9.00 each, or $85.00 for ten Next Size $10.00 each, or $90.00 for ten I invite you to come and “ see these trees in my Nursery, ¢ also my beautiful specimens - of Koster’s Blue Spruce, Mug- * ho Pines, Norway Spruce and many acres of other varieties of Evergreens from 12 inches to 12 feet. I shall be glad to welcome you any day except Sunday as on that day I am closed. Adolf Miller 4. De Kalb Nurseries Norristown, Pa EIU UL LAL ULLAL ULL Sladioli Select your Gladioli from actual blossoms. Order now for Spring planting before prices advance UU N00. UAL | If you could see the Gladioli in full bloom at Cedar Acres (75 acres of glory) you would just have to have Gladioli in your garden. You can see the blossoms, if not the fields, and you can choose your varieties from the actual blossoms. I will deliver to you in perfect condition a large box of Gladioli spurs in full bloom, adequate for selecting bulbs to plant next Spring for One Dollar. A greater variety for Two Dollars and Half. Each variety labeled and priced for immediate order, and early Spring delivery. My fascinating booklet on Gladi- oli accompanies each box. Buy now after you have seen the actual blossoms. Present prices are low. Stocks of Gladioli will be lim- ited next Spring and prices high. B. Hammond Tracy (Box 27) WENHAM, MASS. AuacustT, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE J Ferns and Flowers to Beautify Dark, Shady Places \ Plant during August and until the early fall for the best results next spring. Beautify the dark, shady spots of your garden, lawn or grounds for your admiration and the envy of your friends. Hepaticas, Bloodroot, Wild Meadow Lily and Trillium Grandiflorum will bloom beauti- fully and robustly next year if you plant them from now until early fall. Here's one of our Special Fall Offers. Hepaticas, . . . $1.25 a dozen: $6.00 a hundred Bloodroot, . . . $1.00 adozen; $5.00 a hundred Wild Meadow Lily, $1.25 a dozen; $6.00 a hundred Send for the Gillett Catalogue Its 80 pages contain information about flowers and ferns and wonderful offers for the enthu- siast. Beautifully illustrated. Information gladly furnished for fall plantings for early spring blooms. Each year for 35 years, I have satisfied an increasing number of patrons. Edward Gillett, 3 Main Street, Southwick, Mass. This advertisement features a bed of Trillium Grandiflorum growing in a shaded woodland. Special Fall Offer, §1.00 a dozen; $5.00 a hundred; $30.00 a thousand. AMERICAN-GROWN Trees and Evergreens The latest word in efficiency and economy 5 — in Gardening with OU are invited to Se Glass. Sash of all sizes y visit our Nurseries carried in stock. during July and August, The little wonder working plant box covers Hardware when is Re eee to use indoors or out-of-doors that come by : mail, prepaid, at 55c and 45c each. No glass O YOU “‘take a chance” that are at their best, and by mail. the wind will not blow the make your selection Gon lininerpensiveready. door crashing against your car for fall delivery when it enters or leaves the gar- made Greenhouses (ground nee, dl Andorra ee ae Ea Get Stanley Garage Door Holder 1 i ble. Cov- No. 1774 which locks the door open! Nurseries ee ate aides sat Send for free catalogue V des- ERM e eG Rares Te: Sunlight Sash. ee ren Path House cribing Stanley Garage Hardware. Box 100 Oueicating: Get our Catalogue of garden outfits. Free. uggestions for THE STANLEY WORKS eee ue al Effeerive Planing’: Immediate shipments New Britain, Conn, U.S.A, 0 ae CICA SUNLIGHT DOUBLE GLASS SASH CO. New York Chicago 927 East Broadway Louisville, Ky. Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing — and we will, too. 2 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE AueustT, 1917 im | eA ll i ty 4 ™ TotheRescue = of the Nation’s Late Gardens Our two million home gardens constitute a most important national asset. The food they yield will make other food-stuffs available for starv- ing Europe. August is a cru- cial time in vegetable gardens —especially the ones that were'started late. Feed the late maturing vegetables now and they will feed you! Ne- if glect them and they will be nipped by frost. Make sure of crops in your war gar- den by using liberal quantities of Takoma QOdorless Garden Plant Food A highly concentrated fertilizer, scientifically balanced to enable plants to quickly absorb maximum quantities of plant food. It stim- ulates development of backward crops, hastens maturity of crops well under way. Quickly grown vegetables are crisper and of better flavor. especial benefit to root-crops, such as carrots, potatoes, beets, parsnips, radishes, turnips, etc. Use at the rate of one pound to every fifty square feet, or eight hundred pounds per acre. Always uniform in quality. It took us several years to perfect the formula of Takoma Odorless Garden Plant Food and we maintain the perfect balance that makes this product the ideal garden plant food. Brand's Prize Winning B eonies The largest stock of Brand’s famous New American Seedlings in the East is at home in our nursery. We consider them a great acquisition because they grow stronger and bloom more freely than most imported kinds. Careful, comparative tests enable us to offer the choicest only of all the worth-while kinds. Every Root Guaranteed True-to-Name Our methods. of growing and labeling the plants in the fields make possible the guarantee that you'll really get the sorts you want. The soil in our nurseries is ideal for the production of strong, healthy roots. We dig them with great care, pack and ship promptly to insure their arrival in good shape for quick growth in your garden. Plan to plant some this fall. Of Catalogue Describing 400 Varieties. Yours Free for the Asking Besides Brand’s glorious new seedlings we have a most complete stock of the newer French and English varieties. None but the choicest are given space in our nursery. Become acquainted by writing us to-day. Conscientious service, fair prices and a square deal are assured you. BABCOCK PEONY GARDENS, R. F. D. No. 80, Jamestown, N.Y. rl MT AT Prices f.o.b. Takoma Park, D.C. 10 Ib.6Package (postpaid E. of Mississippi) $1.00 Less than bag lots (put up in 25 and 50 Ib. Lawn Making Time iin ¢§ H ere ! iii 19):945) BgRHeE EDO aoue ceenoo danas at 6c per lb. Bag lots, 100 lbs. and over......... eG Gs, 3G Half ton lots, 1000 Ib. and over.... ‘“* 3i1c “ “ Ton lots and over ...........:...... $60 per ton Note: In ordering, be sure to state whether you want the Garden or Lawn Plant Food and if you wish shipment made by express or freight. Sar Saves Starving Lawns Lawns are the heaviest of all feeders and require more fertile soil to do well than any other crop. Manure brings in weeds. Takoma Lawn Plant Food easily penetrates the sod, goes to the roots and is quickly absorbed with consequent improvement in the color and vigor of the grass. Immediate results follow. Absolutely free from objectionable odor. Easily applied and lasting in effect. Use only one pound per every hundred square feet or four hun- dred pounds per acre. Much more efficacious, and, as so much less is required, Takoma Lawn Plant Food is more economical than Bone Meal, Sheep Manure, Humus or similar materials hitherto recommended for lawn grass. Send for Instructive Free Book “The Maintenance of Lawns and Golf Courses’’ tells what Takoma Odorless Plant Foods will do for you. Please ask for your copy. ODORLESS PLANT FOOD COMPANY 1317-19 New York Ave., N. W. Washington, D. C. FACTORY: Takoma Park, D, C. : Lawns started during August have many advantages over those made in the spring. The soil is warm, the season favorable for prompt germination of seeds. The cool weather of early fall is ideal for growing grass and, best of all, fall sowing saves valuable time in the spring when other work is more urgent. For years I have made a study of grass seeds in Special Mixtures for Fall Sowing For seeding new ground or renovating old lawns I recom- mend my ‘‘Defiance’’ Perma- nent Lawn Mixture composed of fine-bladed grasses that quickly form a perfect sod. A thoroughly balanced mixture providing a carpet of green during spring, summer and fall. Price, per bushel (of 24 Ibs.) $8.00; $29.50 per 100 lbs. “Defiance’? Permanent Shady Lawn Mixture is particularly adapted for shaded spots. Price, per bushel (of 25 Ibs.) $8.50; $30.00 per 100 lbs. Expert Advice A quarter century’s ex- Free perience in lawn pro- duction on many soils and in many sections is yours to com- mand. I offer no cure-all for lawn ills. Tell me about the nature of your soil or send a sample. Tell me how much of an area you want to “seed.”’ I shall offer suggestions that will give you the lawn you want. Books that help solve Lawn Problems “Practical Illustrations of Turf Pro- duction” will acquaint you with the work I have done for many famous Golf and Country Clubs. ‘‘Interesting Data on Agrostology”’ tells how to make sure of lawns that last. ‘‘Perfect Lawns” is a unique little booklet that will acquaint you further with my work and methods. You may have any one or all three free for the asking. William Tucker, 422,574°* 35 Nassau Street, New York \ iT A Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too Everything for the Links TRADE MARK Reg. U. S. Pat. Off. LM mm wii AUGUST, WE) IL7/ MAGAZINE LOLE AUGUST CovER DEsIGN—CAsHinc IN- - - - J.P. Verrees PAGE AMONG OuR GARDEN NEIGHBORS - - - - Did the Darwin Tulip Disappoint?—Why so Few Cur- rants?—Who Succeeds with Heather?—Spanish and German Iris from Seed—We Love Our Cottontails— Magnolia Salicifolia—‘ All to the Good’”’—Out of Sea- son Transplanting—Flowers Every Month—When a Teaspoon Solves Difficulties—Marsh Marigold as a House Plant. Mae MontH’s REMINDER - - - - - - - - 7 THE PATRIOTIC GARDEN- - - - - - - - - 9 CaAsHING-IN THE WAR GARDENS - F. F. Rockwell 11 Illustration by J. P. Verrees; photographs by Mary H. Northend WatER TO INCREASE GARDEN EFFICIENCY G.W. Hood 13 Photographs by the author NATIVE EVERGREENS SUITABLE FOR GROUND-COVERS Edwin H. Costich 15 Photographs by the author and Nathan R. Graves “Pay Your MONEY AND TAKE YOUR CHOICE” s F.M.Thomas 17 Photographs by N. R. Graves A STRAWBERRY SPECIALIST’S INTENSIVE ‘‘SySTEMS”’ 5 F.H. Valentine 20 Photograph by the author Savine Lagpor In LAND CULTIVATION Frank E. Goodwin 21 Photographs supplied by the author Society Notes aNnD NEWS - - - - - - - - 24 AMERICAN Prony SocleTY - - - - - - - - 24 American SWEET Pea Society - - - - - - 24 S. A. F. CONVENTION - - - - - - - - - - 24 CALENDAR FOR THE MONTH- - - - - - - - 24 OLp-FASHIONED SOUTHERN RECIPES J.M. Patterson 26 Why Not Bind Your Magazines? Bound volumes of The Garden Magazine give you an up-to-date Cyclopedia of Horticulture. Six numbers to the volume. Index supplied Free. The cost is only $1.25, when you send back your loose copies. LEONARD BARRON, Eprror Published Monthly, 25c. a copy. Subscription, Two Dollars a Year. For Canada, $2.35; Foreign Countries, $2.65. COPYRIGHT, 1917, BY ‘DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY GARDEN CITY, N. Y. F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer ARTHUR W. HERBERT'S, HOGSTON, RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY, Vice-Presidents Secretary 4 Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 smn 58 ; ages . Ree PIG A kD bN Enenseemses: So keen was one of our Hartford friends for a greenhouse, that he built it and the sunroom first and joined his residence to them- GREENHOUSES Linking Them To Your Home ID you happen to read that altogether delight- ful personal yarn of greenhouse possessing, which appeared last fall in one of the country life magazines? It was called “My Chum Tom’s Greenhouse.” It struck us as telling so well the pleasures of having a greenhouse attached directly to one’s home that we obtained permission from the publisher to reprint it in a charming little green garbed booklet. It would give us genuine pleasure to mail a copy in response to a word from you. The interesting thing about that greenhouse of Tom’s was that in spite of the fact that he wouldn’t consent to a picture of it being published his chum describes it so vividly that you are more than content to see it with just your mind’s eye. There are, however, some four or five photos of houses that Tom and his wife photographed in their goings about, “collecting greenhouse ideas,” as they put it. The one above is among the number. Some one of them may happen to be just the answer to your greenhouse longings. In writing, we will know what you mean if you just say—send Chum Tom’s booklet. Hitchings << = pn Peniiing General Offices and Factory—Elizabeth, N. J. BOSTON 49 Federal Street PHILADELPHIA 40 So. 15th Street “NEW_YORK Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too. GARDEN MAGAZINE AvGustT, 1917 and His. Hobby Some men cultivate hobbies, others are born with them. When one of those, whose hobby reaches clear to the marrow of their bones, takes the matter so seriously as, to make his hobby his business, things generally “happen.” Springfield, Ohio, holds one of the biggest Peony-hobbyists in this coun- try. John M. Good grows Peonies primarily because he loves them. He cultivates his hobby to the extent of millions of flowers. About fifteen years ago he became interested, enthusiastic and “‘peony-mad”’ in rapid succession. To-day he has gathered about him one of the greatest collections in the world. “Peonies for Pleasure” and the Business back of it Ina beautiful printed booklet “De Luxe,” Mr. Good tells how, without being either an expert or a specialist, but guided by the love for Peonies, he assembled the aristocrats of Peony-dom about him. These a>. elect sorts now inhabit nearly 50 acres, with almost a million roots, representing the greatest 3 collection of quality kinds and » the largest stocks of these €. > varieties in the world! — Annual SS sales o£ 50,000 Festiva Maxima, 25,000 Edulis superba, 20,000 Felix Crousse, etc., etc., attest A. to this. To Accomplish this ‘feat,’ all the resources of the Good & Reese Company—one of the largest nursery organizations of this country —were pressed into service. With a will to work and win, the house gradually acquired 600 top-notchers in Peonies from among the world’s most famous growers and specialists. All had to measure up to certain standards in color, size, stem, form, substance and fragrance, Charming kinds of unique beauty y are found in both, The Good & Reese Company’s Famous Challenge Collection Masterpiece Collection Covers the entire range of form and color Among the finest of all Peonies. Every one in the Peony. We challenge comparison as to a masterpiece. their great beauty and to the very low prices we offer them. 262 - Admiral Dewey............-..cceceeeeeeee $0.75 128j-) GOUTONNE Gi Ormecesterassccitesesestet $0.60 - Asa Gray,............ 75 119 - Docteur Boisduval j ugustin d’H 75 4- Floral Treasure. 60 valanche 75 - Dorchester, . ugenie V. erdier., 5 - elix Crousse....... -60 168 - Livingstone......... 5 es) 139 - Madame_Emile Lemoine.. -60 301 - Marie d'Hour... -60. 246 - Masterpiece. .60 48 - Monsieur Jul ee Total Value...... 20 I5Q)-slsajherlewes 117 - Leviathan ......... 197 - Madam de Vatry.. 276 - Margaret ( jerard O- Marie Stuart.. Special Offer:—Any six for $3.00; the twelve Special Offer:—Any six for $4.00; the twelve Challenge Collection for $5.50 Masterpiece Collection for $7.00. The Challenge and Masterpiece Collections for %11.00 Send for ‘‘Peonies for Pleasure’’ to-day—you will find it a book well worthy of a place in your horticultural reference library and all it costs is the stamp it takes to ask tor yau7 free copy. The Good & Reese Co. **speciaiices”” Box 75, Springfield, Ohio Spring&eld, Ohio | THE FLORAL CENTER OF THE WORLD 20 Million Plants Sold Each Year, Seven Mil- lion of which are Roses TM pe HT TOM MUM LAMAN i IL ee ee « TN Eremurus for Sent ae The enormous demand for these wonderful Eremu- rus encouraged us two years ago to plant a large number of clumps in our trial gardens. They have bloomed for us and we can, therefore, guarantee that they will bloom for you. Imported clumps generally reached us in November— too late for planting in this country in the.fall. With us on Long Island the clumps mature early in September, making transplanting in the fall both desirable and practical. Clumps transplanted this fall will flower next spring, since plants become firmly established before winter. Eremurus are among the no- blest of all hardy plants. They bloom in graceful spikes, 6 to 10 feet high. The flower spikes proper average from 2 to 4 feet long, and well established plants bear hundreds of them. They thrive under ordinary garden conditions and their beautiful colors, pink and white, harmo- nize spendidly with other flowers blooming during July. Extra Strong | Acclimated Clumps $4.50 each Ready for shipment early in September, Himalaicus, Himrob, Robus- tus, Robustus Elwesianus, other varieties at higher prices. John Scheepers & Co., Inc. 2 Stone Street Eremurus clumps in full bloom, less than one year after planting in our Brookline, L. I., trial gardens. Flower bulb Specialists New York A Ld cdceldeetdtddeqr Send for This Booklet on VM@I Wz Dd _ @uenaront —/ | Greenhouse LL Gardening You will find it full of interesting information on growing under glass with helpful hints on what, when, and how to plant. It contains illustrations of some of the most beautiful conservatories in America from which you can get many valuable suggestions for your own indoor garden. We will be glad to send you this booklet, free of charge, with sketches and estimates on any green- house work you are contemplating. JOHN C. MONINGER COMPANY CHICAGO NEW YORK 924 W. Blackhawk St. 814 sale Bldg. V UEECCCC@EEPL@e@e Ee ECE@E@@lla YW Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning Lhe Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too The Garden Magazine cA VoLuME XXV ACUIG U Sidi 109) 17: NuMBER 1 2a Did the Darwin Tulip Disappoint?—Are there any GARDEN MacazineE readers, others than myself, who have been particularly dis- appointed in their Darwin Tulips this year? A large proportion of bulbs in my beds, in some amounting to nearly half, sent up a flourishing bunch of leaves. But no flowers. This trouble was not confined to the older beds, but all seemed to be affected more or less without regard to age. Several other Tulip raisers in this section report the same trouble, and as none of them can give an explanation, I wish some fellow reader would enlighten me as to the cause and the remedy, if there is a remedy. Is it due to the peculiar season or to some disease which has attacked the bulbs, and will they probably flower all right next year? Am a great lover of tulips but an amateur at the business of raising them, and any advice would be gratefully received —Ernest C. Exford, Pittsfield, Mass. [No disappointment with us, indeed! Perhaps the bulbs you received had suffered in transit. If, as did happen to some cargoes last fall, they were delayed and heated on shipboard that would account for the failure to bloom.—Ed.] Why So Few Currants?—A few years ago we purchased for garden purposes a small plot of ground that had been in garden for several years. A row of currant bushes was growing along one side. We debated whether to dig them up and decided to let them grow another year as “we were all fond of currant jelly.’ That summer raspberries and black- berries were scarce and high-priced and we turned to our currants to supply us with fresh fruit. We did not expect to relish them especially, but to our surprise found them very appetizing, particularly for breakfast, having as they do the tartness which the general use of oranges and grapefruit has demonstrated the morning appetite craves. The bushes bore for more than a month and during that time currants were on our breakfast table each morning. The more we ate of them the better we liked them. It was with real regret that the last were picked. That fall in discussing garden plans instead of debating whether to grub out the currants we decided to give them particular attention. A horticulturist was hired to prune them and on his advice the following year we sprayed them early in the spring with arsencte of lead, That season they yielded more abundantly and the currants were nearly half again as large as they had been the previous year. Needless to say we relished them for table use even more than we had the first season. Be- sides eating them as a fruit we put up jelly and dined off currant pies and currant sherbet. The latter, to our notion, 1s one of the most Food Conservation Our Duty On another page of this issue Mr. Carl Vrooman, Ass’t. Secretary of Agriculture, appeals directly to THE GARDEN MAGAZINE readers to use their every energy at this time to- ward the conservation of the crops now growing in the gardens of the people. be 3 It is conceded that the Garden Neighbors rallied nobly to the earlier appeals to increase food crop production this year. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE readers responded not alone in working their own gardens to best efficiency, but also in stimula- ting others and in assuming their proper burden of responsibility in or- ganized local efforts. But there remains the problem of cashing-in. Thecrops have been grown—they must be conserved. Methods of distribution must be de- vised so as to reduce to the minimum any waste of product. Herein lies the opportunity for every Neighbor. And, further, write at once to Mr. Herbert Hoover, Food Adminis- tration, Washington, D. C., and enroll as an active member in the “ United States Food Administration” and so obligate yourself to take part in au- thorized neighborhood movements. delicious of the frozen desserts. The bushes were in bearing fully: five weeks. A feature which surprised us was the length of time the bunches held together and the fruit remained in good condition after apparently being dead ripe: There is almost no waste for this reason as it is seldom necessary to pick more any day than is needed for immediate use. Another thing, we decided that currants are easier to pick 5 and easier to handle than any other small fruit. Since out interest in currants has become active a friend who operates a fruit farm in western New York has written me that he received $700 last year for the fruit from an acre of currants. So, it would seem, that growing currants for the market is no less advisable than growing them for home con- sumption.—F, L. Clark, Iowa. Who Succeeds with Heather?—I note on page 174 of the April number what is said of the heather. I planted it here in two spots, high and low, and it browns in winter and dies back. I wrote to the Biltmore Nursery, from whom I obtained the plants, and was told that it thrived there, and only needed sun and air. My location gives both, exposure West—good soil well drained. Near by I have Biota nana and Retinospora obtusa which thrive. Any advice you can give me will be appreciated. In reference to broad-leaved evergreens it seems that Ilex glabra and crenata are of very slow growth here. Ev onymus japonicus does well in northern exposure, same for Rhododen- drons and Mahonia.— Jos. L. Wood, Va. [Heather is essentially at home in northern regions or what amounts to the same thing, high elevations in more southerly places. It likes cool, light, well-drained soils with plenty of water, too. Can any Neighbors help our friend '—Ed.| Spanish and German Iris From Seed.—In THe GarDEN Macazine, for June, Miss Sturtevant, speaking of Iris from seed says: “They do not ordinarily produce seeds unless crossed by hand.” I have several seed pods on mine now (varieties like Madame Chereau, Queen of May, etc.) which I will save and try her plan. She may mean that the variety does not change unless fertilized by hand, however, I shall watch mine with interest. [It could hardly be expected that varieties would come true from seed in any case, and more especially since the pollination must have been accomplished by some outside agency.—£d.] I have a wonderful bed of Spanish Iris, next to a Pansy bed. Last fall I noticed some “wiry looking things’”’ coming up among the Pansies. I first thought they’ were a good crop of wild onions and was about to uproot them when, on comparing them with the young growth of Spanish Iris, I decided they were seedlings. I left them, they have just bloomed and are all like the dark blue Iris in adjoming bed. I don’t see how they have come there unless the seeds were blown by the wind. I have often noticed the seed pods, but never thought of sawing the seed. [Iris xrphium is very variable in color, but is perhaps normally blue-purple——E£d.] I have no trouble in keeping a healthy lot of dark blue Spanish Iris, though many complain of its being short lived. I have several other colors which disappear after a year or two, except .one clump, a bright yellow, that has multiplied in three years. ‘There is a well defined vari- ety or sub-species of Spanish Iris that has yellow flowers. —Ed.| They are great favor- ites of mine and | would like to be as successful with the other colors as with.the blue. Could there be a difference in the variety? English Iris will last several years but finally disappears. Ihave so much trouble with moles, I often wonder if they have anything to do with the dis- appearance of the Iris. I plant Asters in between Spanish Iris after its season is over, and so far it has done no harm. The Asters last such a short time, they are out of the way by the time the Iris makes its fall growth. Next to the bed of Iris are Shirley Poppies, the rich blue of Iris blooming at the same time as the Poppies makes this a bright spot in my garden, perhaps too bright for those who care only for pink, blues, and lavenders. Behind the Poppies I have a large clump of blue Larkspurs, so after the Iris has gone I still have my combination of blue and red; and with white Sweet Williams in the foreground, I have a “patriotic corner” and | thoroughly enjoy “showing my colors.” —Bland U. Tomlinson, Tennessee. We Love Our Cottontails and prefer to protect all young trees and _ shrubs, rather than kill the rabbits. Six inch collars made of sev- eral thicknesses of newspaper, tied firmly to the small trunks of the trees, and the earth then “hilled”’ up to cover the bottom of these collars, have proved successful in keeping my small trees quite safe from girdling.—L. M., Ohio. Magnolia Salicifolia——The Willow-leaved Magnolia flowered in the parks here for the first time this spring. The flowers were partly open on April 28th and it was in full bloom on May roth. The season was fully two weeks late and in ordinary conditions it would probably be in full blogm about April 25th. It blooms at the same time as Hall’s (Magnolia stellata). The flowers are on short stalks not more than half an inch in length. The six petals are white to cream white, and the sepals greenish white. The flowers be- fore expanding are tubular in outline, and THE GARDEN when fully expanded are from four to four and a half inches across. The flowers are not as showy as the blossoms of the Chinese hy- brid Magnolias, but as this species comes into bloom earlier it is therefore of much interest. The leaves are ovate-lancelate in outline, acuminate at the apex, and wedge-shaped at the base, yellow-green above, pale and smooth beneath, and four to five inches long on young shoots, and pungently fragrant when bruised. The branching habit is distinctly upright, Flowers of the new Japanese Willow-leaved Magnolia (M. salicifolia) photographed at Rochester N. Y. Normally it blooms with Hall’s Magnolia and is welcome because of its large bloom and it is quite distinctive in this from any other Magnolia, making an oblong compact head. The young branches are olive green, and the trunk and old stems are covered with smooth green bark. Magnolia salicifolia is a native of Japan, and is a most interesting and valuable addition to our parks and gardens. The individual that flowered with us is eight feet high.— John Dunbar, Rochester, N. Y. “All to the Good.’—It seems to be the fashion just now to express one’s opinion of the Magazine so may I lay my little tribute at your feet? I find animmense deal of information in the articles by ‘‘ Professionals” that appear from time to time, and, unlike Mr. Chamberlain of New York, I think the Magazine might die if it did not have them—to me they are the MAGAZINE AuvecusT, 1917 cream of the contents; but I also enjoy the little bits by amateurs. In fact the Magazine is so good that I cannot see how any one can have anything but unstinted praise for it.— M. E. Blacklock, Ontario, Can. [Nevertheless we hope to improve constantly with the help and advice of our readers.—Ed.| Out of Season Transplanting. —I think that C. L. Meller did not go into detail enough in his article on Transplanting out ot Season. This is the way I proceed: Late last spring I found that two small beds of Canterbury Bells were in great need of thinning out. The plants were already a foot or more high and ought not to be sacrificed, either by pulling out or allowing to crowd one another. So I found two round - pointed farm shovels, thrust one deep under a plant and the other to a little more than the same depth into the place where the plant was to go. Then I traded the shovelfuls. The process was repeated at a very rapid rate. Nota plant suffered. One or two drooped a little, but watering quickly ‘ restored them. When I was through I had still two beds of undisturbed plants and had gained a long row across a fifty-foot garden. At this writing, July 3, all are burst- ing into scores of flowers, the transplanted ones fully as good as the others.—/ohn W. Chamberlin. Flowers Every Month.—If there is any one thing that Cleveland cannot boast of it surely is her climate in the winter. It is raw cold, windy, and sometimes for weeks at a time we hardly see the sun. But notwithstanding all this, I have for many years been able to pick flowers from my garden every month in the year. I have to confess that this January was so cold that I found no flowers, or rather that no one else did—for | was not in the garden during that month. My last garden flowers were the little Pom- pon Chrysanthemums, and “Johnny-jump-ups’”’ picked December eighth, and the Paper White Narcissus had been in bloom in the house quite three weeks before. This is the first time that I have ever made my spring flowering bulbs, and the fall flowers in the garden lap by. While the Paper Whites were still going in January, the Freesias began. They lasted a full month, and then with them and always lapping over a little, came the Roman Hyacinths, the real Daffodils, the Dutch Hyacinths, blue Scillas. On the twen- tieth of February we found our first Snow- drops, and since then there have always been a few flowers in the garden. For almost a month the Snowdrops had it to themselves, but then came Crocuses and blue Scillas as well. : About the middle of January we are likely AutvcGcustT, 1917 THE GARDEN to have a few mild days, and it is then that I look to find on the north side of the house a few brave Snowdrops which somehow give me a thrill of joy that the later flowers can hardly bring. So you see that within and without I manage to have flowers in my garden every month in the year. When I have been forehanded enough to have Pansy plants in the coldframes, I have often picked a Pansy an each of those barren winter months about which Louise Beebe Wilder has written with so much feeling. At the present writ- ing (March 23), the Arabis alpina which is planted with the Scilla sibirica is well budded, and soon there will be a wonderful bed of clear blue and white. I had a curious experience with my Arabis two years ago. According to all the authori- ties, late summer or early fall is the time to separate these plants, to increase their num- ber. Early in the spring I set an old darky to uncovering the bed, cautioning him to do it only with his hands, explaining that every little circle of green leaves contained the buds and it must not be broken; the greatest care must be used. The moment my back was turned he clawed over the bed with an iron rake, and as a result some seventy- -five heads that had braved the winter’s cold were ruthlessly snapped off. I was disconsolate, almost to tears, but moved by what I know not, I knelt down and one by one pressed each rootless little stem with its whorl of leaves in the ground, not really thinking they could live, but just because I was sorry for them to be cut off just before their blooming time. Imagine my surprise some two or three weeks “later to find practically every one of them had taken root and they blossomed and have greatly added to the size of my bed.—WNellie D. Mer- rell, Ohno: MAGAZINE When a Teaspoon Solves Difficulties.— When the weather at last permits the trans- planting of early grown seedlings to their out- door situation, there is apt to be a large loss from the handling, as well as a set-back to those that survive. The seedlings are often quite close together in the box, and to dig out one without bruising or breaking some of its neighbors is dificult or impossible; and the plant which is being moved is, also, often injured by the old earth falling away from its roots, this making the shock of transplanta- tion very severe. The use of a flat blade, like that of a knife, generally loosens the earth about the root: a small trowel is not much better, besides almost certainly crushing nearby plants by its broad, long blade. If a kitchen teaspoon be used for these tiny seedlings, it will be found very easy indeed to scoop out each plant with the earth around its root not even loosened, and to place it in a hole already scooped in the outdoor fiower bed to receive it, where it will grow as if noth- ing had happened to it. The fact that the bowl of the spoon is curved in two directions instead of in only one, as the trowel is, makes it easy to get well under the plant, and helps to hold the ball of earth around the roots to- gether. The short bowl and narrow handle of the spoon makes it practicable to avoid the surrounding plants. With a teaspoon a first transplanting of seedlings sown broadcast can be nicely done in the house before the spring shift to out- doors. With many larger plants, transplanting 1s equally facilitated by the substitution of a larger kitchen spoon for the usual straight- backed trowel. For instance, poppies, which are said to be almost non-transplantable, have been moved by this means, and very few plants lost—W. J. Whiting, Conn. ~} Marsh Marigold as a House Plant.— Many of our native plants bloom well in pots in the window or on the piazza in summer, or in the:window box in early spring, but for a goodly show of blossoms and foliage from little care I suggest the Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris). The treatment is simplicity itself. One or more roots may be lifted fromthe brook- bed as soon as enough growth has been made in early March to show their location, and placed in any kind of a dish with a little of the brook mud or garden soil, and plenty of water. I prefer about five roots in a six-inch pot, to get a good clump, and the mud in the pot is covered with Marsh Forget-me-not (Myosotis palustris) which will give an undergrowth of fresh green shoots, and flowers after the Marsh Marigold has dropped its blossoms. The pot is set in a deep dish holding at least a quart of water, and set in any window—1t is not necessary to have any sun. The room need not even be heated, and it does the plant no harm to freeze, the dish is more lable to be injured. Within three days the big round leaves will push out, the buds show in two weeks’ time, and the waxy yellow blossoms on stems a foot tall are fully expanded inside of three weeks from the time you bring the plant within doors. If the plant is kept in a cool room the blossoms are effective for three weeks, so large and shining that friends think it must be some rare plant from the tropics, and not our friend of the swamps a month later. When the flowers have fallen and the foliage gets limp slip the plant out of the pot and into the brook again or in the shady part of the vegetable garden, where it may be forgotten until the first thaw of the next spring, when the roots may be potted and brought into the family again. I imagine that the double-How- ered form would give even brighter and more enduring blossoms.—S. F. H., Lexington, Mass. THE MONTH’S REMINDER THIS YEAR'S LAST FOOD PLANTINGS—BUILDING FERTILITY FOR NEXT—SETTING OUT EVERGREENS ON’T fool yourself; for there’s work LD to be done! Anybody knows that one of these piping afternoons, when the thermometer is threaten- ing to run over at the top, and sidewalk and paths are so hot that your bare-footed boy has to walk on the grass, it is much more com- fortable in the couch hammock, with the last volume of Kipling or the new issue of the World's Work, than it is out in the garden shoving a wheel hoe or destroying weeds. But—think of the boys in the trenches—and also of the price you paid for potatoes last winter! And did you ever netice that the man who has been out playing golf or tennis all afternoon has a good deal less complaint to make about the terrific humidity than the one who has been hugging the shady side of the veranda, and imbibing iced drinks? There’s a considerable stretch every after- noon, say from four o'clock till dark, when it’s fairly comfortable in the garden—next year we will have “daylight saving” in force. And as to other objections: (1) If your garden is clean, half an hour’s work a day with the wheel hoe or slide hoe will keep it so, while if you let it go it will take hours of the hardest kind of work to get it back into shape, if you find it possible to do so at all. (2) If crops have “gone by,” it is the worst kind of gardening to let them remain, inviting weeds to mature and seed themselves, and using up plant-food and moisture that should be utilized for a succession crop, or for a cover crop for winter to be spaded under next spring, supplying your hungry garden with humus and stored up plant food for big crops next season. (3) As to the argument that you have to leave the big weeds, because they cannot be pulled out without taking other things along with them—don’t pul/ them out! But don’t leave them to work havoc where they are. Sharpen up your knife, or if there are many of them your lawn edger, and cut them out. Cut through the roots, just below the ground. Last Call for Planting! THIS is about the last call for planting food crops to be used this year. A num- ber of things can be put in yet, if you plan at once, and take pains to do everything you can to assure good germination. These include: beans, beets, carrots, Chinese cabbage, corn salad, cress, lettuce, peas, radish, sorrel, spin- ach, swiss chard and turnips. In making these late sowings you should of course use early varieties which will mature in the short- est time. Most of the foregoing require about eight weeks to be big enough for use, but the root crops will continue growing until hard freezing weather. Jf you take Full ad- vantage of the opportunity that is likely to occur, and make this planting immediately after a good rain, it will be possible to have most of the vegetables up in three or four days after sowing. But don’t wait indefinitely for a rain; and have your ground spaded and ready to absorb every drop that falls, if you are going to wait at all. If the dry weather doesn’t let up, open up trenches before planting and flood them with water; then fill in a little soil on top of the mud, and plant on this, pressing the seed down firmly. Soaking the seed a day or so before planting will also help to make cer- tain of good germination in dry weather. Start Plants for Later Use Under Glass \ X 7 HEN your planting of outside crops is at- tended to, don’t forget that you will be needing good strong plants with which to plant 8 | THE G AOR DB Ni oMANG AVZ, TONER AveusT, 1917 your frames and the beaches in greenhouses for fall and winter use. A large number of plants for this purpose may be started in a very small ‘space. If you haven’t an empty frame, and your garden is not accessible to water, take a few square feet in one of the flower beds. If the soil is very dry, first of all water it thoroughly two or three times in suc- cession; then fork it up and make it smooth, adding humus or sifted leaf mould if it is not already loose and friable. Mark off shallow furrows six inches to a foot apart, and after sowing the seeds, and marking each row care- fully, cover the whole with a shading of cheesecloth or some similar light material. The little seedlings should be thinned out or transplanted as soon as they begin to crowd. The New Strawberry Bed K EEP in mind that the size of your berry crop next June will depend upon the growth made by the plants before freezing weather this fall. If you planted last April, or if you are planning to set out potted plants this month, everything possible should be done to get the crowns as well deyeloped as possible before that time. Continuous cultivation, and an extra side dressing of nitrate of soda and wood ashes or a good garden fertilizer should be on the programme of their care for this month, if the bed is already planted. If you are going to use the matted row system, see to it that the strongest runners are rooted where you want them, and the secondary and surplus runners cut off. Very few gardeners seem to fully realize how certainly crowded rows are to mean small berries. If you are setting new plants now, study carefully the article on page 20. It is highly important to provide a liberal amount of nitrogen in available form. Sheep manure, chicken manure or tankage, mixed with fine ground bone, will accomplish this. Com- mercial mixed fertilizers need handling with care as there is danger of injuring the roots with them. A sprinkling of wood ashes, either with the materials suggested above, which should, of course, be thoroughly mixed with the soil before the plants are set—or applied along the rows two or three weeks later, will also be very helpful. Now for the Evergreens! OW is the time for evergreens, and you have the place—unless your grounds are the exception to the general rule! Have you been waiting for years, and envying your friends with attractive groupings or plantings of these beautiful trees? You may have been excusing yourself with the thought that you could not afford them; the real reason how- ever has been that you never acted on your impulse and sent in an order for a few! Don’t let the time slip by and the opportunity be gone for another year! Send in your order this week and be ready to plant just when they should go in. Thin Now for Fat Fruits Later MASY home gardeners, who take very good care of their trees and spray them regularly, wonder why they cannot grow such fine specimens of fruit as they are able to buy. One of the chief reasons is that they cannot bring themselves to the point of pick- ing off numbers of good looking peaches or apples or plums before they get ripe, in order that those remaining may be better. It is about as hard to get them to do this, as it 1s to get a beginner at Rose gardening to cut back her cherished bushes almost to the ground the first spring after she has set them out— she may believe it ought to be done, “but simply hasn’t the heart to do it!’ Well, you can take your choice; over-crowded trees and poor fruit, or properly thinned trees and excellent fruit—and there will be as much (bulk) of the latter as of the former. “Twenty to fifty per cent. of the fruits on overburdened trees should be removed; the sooner the better when the natural “drops” are off. It is much more likely that not enough, rather than too much, will be taken. Bag Your Grapes! H4vE you ever had your grapes set so that every bunch was as full as it could possibly be; and grow as nicely as you could possibly ask, and then, just before they were ready to eat, begin to “go bad,” until, by the time they were ripe, there was hardly one you could eat? Have you. Well, don’t have that experience again this year. It’s up to you! The surest and simplest way of protecting the bunches on a few vines for home use is to put a paper bag over each bunch. Special bags, DO THIS MONTH Without delay, make last plantings of succession crops. Start lettuce, cauliflower, pansies, stocks, and other vegetables and flowers for fall and winter under glass. Set out new strawberry beds. Plant evergreens. Plant Madonna Lilies as soon as received. Transplant and divide Irises, Oriental Poppy, and many other perennials. Thin out fruzts that have set thickly. Sow alfalfa. Sow cover crops wherever possible. Keep July planted crops growing fast. Bag your grapes to protect from rot. Order materials for new holbeds or cold frames. Order bulbs of all kinds for fall planting. Prepare beds and borders for fall planting. Get ready for exhibits at vegetable and flower shows. Build a greenhouse for use this fall to increase your food crop efficiency. This is important. Keep the garden clean! made for the purpose with wire fasteners, may be bought at about half-a-cent apiece. Ordinary paper bags will do; but the others are more convenient. Good Gardens in Spite of the War! [! IS always well to sow cover crops to save plant food, and to furnish humus for the garden; but this season, in view of the fact that there will be the greatest scarcity of fer- tilizing materials next spring that we have ever had, makes it ten times as important for every gardener to do all he can to protect himself in this way. Have rye and vetch or crimson clover on hand with which to seed down every square foot of your garden that would otherwise be bare through late fall and winter. Crimson clover can be used as far north as New York; farther north it is safer to sow the vetch, though early sowing, with another crop, will help to carry it through the winter safely. It is mot necessary to wait until your ground is bare. Rake up all avail- able surfaces, between rows of growing crops, among tomatoes and pole beans, in the sweet corn, etc., etc., and sow the mixture thickly, so as to have a green mat by cold weather; the work of picking and removing the crops will not cause as much loss as waiting until two or three weeks later to put the cover crop in. Rye can be sown on any bare ground up to time of frost or slightly later. Have You Any Use for Hay? UST about the middle of this month is the best time to sow alfalfa. If you have a cow or a horse—or even chickens—on the place for which you have to provide feed, why not try a small sowing of this wonderfully productive plant this fall. If you have wood ashes, and your soil does not have surface water on it during the winter months, you should be able to succeed in making it grow; once es- tablished it will last longer than any similar crop you could put in, and will give you three or four cuttings for green food or for hay, where you are getting one or two from grass. Are Your Irises Petering Out? [RISES, like most of the other hardy peren- nials, after a few years become overcrowded, and use up the amounts of plant food in the soil in which they are growing, so that the flowers gradually become smaller, and the plants weaker. To offset this, the plants should be lifted and separated every few years (about every three years in the case of the Irises) so as to continue to have first class flowers. Lift the old clumps carefully, and keep them shaded from sun and wind with an old wet bag. Then fork up the soil and work in well rotted manure and bone dust, if it is desired to replant in the same situa- tion. But do not put the whole clump back. Separate it into sections containing several of the thick fleshy roots, with a bulb or leaf crown attached, in the case of the German Iris; or cut into sections several inches square, in the case of the Japanese class. The extra divisions may be used for planting elsewhere, _ or to present to some flower-loving friend. The German Iris should be planted quite shallow—about as you find it growing when you go to take it up, with some of the roots almost on a level with the surface. Speed Up the Late Planted Crops HE success of both the seeds and the plants put in last month, winter cab- bage, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, late sweet corn, root crops for storing, etc., will be deter- mined by the growth they make this month. In addition to keeping them frequently cul- tivated and free from weeds, a little extra encouragement in the way of a side dressing with nitrate of soda or some other highly nitrogenous material, such as sheep manure or tankage, will help them to become well established, and lay the foundation for big results in September. Celery especially should be kept growing rapidly. It requires an abundance of water, and even if you can’t water the whole garden give the celery plants enough to keep them from getting very thirsty, if you want to make sure of your supply of thick crisp stalks for Thanks- giving. Don’t Fall Down on Your Orders! ET in your fall orders on time. Next month is planting time, and you should . be just as busy now in planning what you are going to put in, and in getting off your orders for it, as you are in February or March in getting ready for your spring planting. First of all there are the fall bulbs—(it seems now that the Dutch stocks will arrive in due sea- son). Are you familiar with the finest of the Darwin and Breeder Tulips, such as Dream, Re- membrance, and Rev. H. Ewbank? If not, give yourself a surprise next spring! And the hardy Lilies—one of the most neglected, in proportion to their real value and permanency, of all the classes of hardy flowers. And if you’ve been putting off, spring after spring, the planting of those ornamental shrubs you decided years ago to get, now’s your chance! AT: "LEAST: SAVE: | THE Pert) IC GARDEN CROP CONSERVATION & DISTRIBUTION He also eee ue es a SG Fight (H-Hoover) SK N TBS on YOUR-GROUND WORK: FORTHEFAN E. FAMILY: er rena Authorized Statement of the Assistant Secretary of Agriculture al home garden campaign of 1917 ought to go down in history as one of the most remarkable responses ever made by the American people to a request from their Government—the request to help win the War by growing food. But the mere growing of food is only part of the bat- tle. There is no use planting foodstuffs if the planting is not followed up by intelligent cultivation and harvesting. There is no use harvesting food unless there is efhcient handling and preserving of it. And there is no use expending energy on any of these things, unless there 1s eficient marketing. I think that by now the American people, broadly speaking, understand pretty well how to plant gardens and how to culti- vate them. They are beginning to learn how to can and dry foods for winter use, but they still have a lot to learn along this line. If they are to conserve the crops of this summer, they must dry and can a thousand times more than hitherto—and do it more effectively. The marketing problem is the most difficult single problem of them all. There is no easy solution of it. The one sugges- tion which I would like to bring to the mind of every home Eleventh Hour Opportunity Now: is practically the last chance for those who want to “do their bit’ in boost- ing this year’s food supply. And _ every- thing i is in the gardener’s favor—the soil is warm, mellow, ‘full of fertility; occasional showers prevail; seeds sprout with a “pep”; plants grow with an energy to mature before Jack Frost arrives. The only point to guard when making the August garden 1s to be sure that there is suf- ficient moisture in the ground for prompt ger- mination of seeds, or to sustain the roots of transplants. Therefore, as a matter of in- surance, water the drills or holes thoroughly, before putting seeds or plants into the ground. long. only a few inches immediately Grow Your Own Fertility for Next Year HE time to sow cover crops (which will put humus into the soil for next spring) is when the free-growing crops now standing and which will die with the first fall frost, are too big to be cultivated any longer. If the soil is very lacking in vegetable matter it will be a good plan to sow a mixture of several species of cover crop, so as to get the most possible in a given time. A good combina- tion for the vegetable garden is buckwheat, rye, and crimson clover. The first will start even in hot weather but will be killed by early frost. In the meantime the others will have grown enough to catch the falling leaves of the buckwheat. The clover may die during the winter but the rye will prevent loss of the leaves and will live. Indeed, here is its chief Administration. disadvantage: it may be allowed to live too It must be dug or plowed under when high. In scatter the seed broadcast among the plants after the last cultivation. It Ammunition — Dont waste it! Timely and effective poster issued by the office of Food It tells the story convincingly gardener at this time is this—that the elimination of the un- necessary or illegitimate middlemen is as vital to the winning of the War as is the planting of food; that there may be plenty of food in the country and yet the prices may be so high as to be prohibitive and productive of the most acute suffering; that there is the greatest need for practical codperation on the part of producer and consumer to the end that food produced on the farm and garden or manufactured in the factory may reach the consumer by the most direct route. The neighborhood com- munity store run on a strictly codperative basis and for service alone is a long step toward a solution of these difficulties. We have such a neighborhood store in Washington, D. C., and its demonstrated success is a splendid sign of the times. I hope to see community stores springing up everywhere throughout the United States, so that the produce of the farm ead of the garden, the food of the factory and the mill may be distributed to the ultimate consumer for nearly the cost of distribution—and no unnecessary waste or profit in the process. Cari VROOMAN. will not grow enough to injure the regular crops before harvest. Then the stems of these crops should be hauled to the compost pile and burned. sowing, just Thin the Ranks ALL root crops sown this month must be given every chance to grow easily. Thinning of the row is the most effective fac- tor in helping the final result. No other single factor will more decidedly retard development than letting seedlings stand crowded—they then jostle and push each other instead of at- tending to their own business of growing. Thin early; giving three to four inches apart for the plants left. This distance is standard for all root crops sown in August. Early thin- ning means early maturing. Prepare Now for Bigger Crops in 1918 S SOON as space becomes available in different parts of the garden, sow quick “cover crops” such as rye or vetch or rape. They'll keep down the weeds now, and —dug under in either late fall or spring—will enrich the soil with humus, that one dominant factor for fertility counting before all else that can be put into the ‘soil. Make it a point to boost the 1918 berry crop by growing some berries of your own. Throughout Aug- ust and September strawberry plants of various kinds may be set out and they will bear crops next summer. There should be room for, currants, gooseberries and a straw- berry bed in every kitchen garden. 9 10 | ° THE GARDEN MAGAZINE AuvGcustT, 1917 HE number of things that can still grow from seed to edible size is really surprising. Watch just two points: Sow the seeds promptly and sow varieties adapted to the season. This means quick- maturing types, and since the same weather conditions prevail during early fall as during early spring, in most cases, the extra early spring sorts will again serve their purpose. Two kinds of gardens you can still have: (1) from seeds and (2) from plants. If you can, persuade your neighbors to let you have beet, lettuce, kohlrabi, or any other plants which they arenow “‘thinning”’ from July plant- ing. Most seed stores are prepared to supply plants of late celery and cabbage during the early part of the month. But if a garden from plants is out of the question, by all means start one with seeds and here is what you can grow: Planting Orders for the Month Beans. Where the first average frost does not occur until the last week in September, Bountiful or either of the Yellow Six Weeks Beans will produce pods from seeds sown up to August roth. With September 21st as the frost date, depend on Hopkins’ Strain of Round Podded Red Valentine to furnish pods in 48 to 52 days. But you must sow not later than August 5th (latitude of New York) or arrange to protect the plants. By placing rows eighteen inches apart, quite a space may be enclosed with bags or burlap. Thus pro- tected, the approach of heavy frosts need not menace the late started beans. Beets. Plant more rows at once. Not only do the young, “thinned out” seedlings furnish delicious greens, but varieties like Faust’s Early Crimson (which is a white beet) and special strains of Crosby’s Egyptian will form roots two to two and one-half inches in diameter by the end of September from seeds Yo may expect a second crop of SLUGS ON THE PEAR foliage. If one appeared in your neighborhood during June, it will be due about the first week in August. We mean the ones that were green until full grown, then turned yellow when they shed their last skins before going into the ground to pupate. The flies from the first brood emerge in about twoweeks, lay eggs on the leaf and die. ‘The slugs of the second brood hatch in about two weeks and, if allowed, reach maturity in about four or five weeks. If not convenient to use arsenate of lead (which possibly you can’t buy: by the time this appears)—an ounce to two gallons of water—lime dust, pyrethrum powder or even road dust will make them uncomfortable enough to drop to the ground where if ex- pectant chickens are at hand they will help reduce the H. C. L. yx Wormy QUINCES are made so by the cod- ling moth larva which also makes wormy ap- ples. Spray with lime-sulphur wash (an ounce to two gallons of water) when the fruit is half grown. Of course, the spring spraying is more important. But it’s now too late for that for this year! % Tuose little FLUTE-LIKE HOLES set close together on grape, raspberry and other canes that you perhaps saw late last summer, or until this spring, were made by the beautiful pale green or snow tree cricket which makes so much noise in shrubbery on warm summer evenings. Neither the adults nor the larvae FOOD CROPS That You Can Sow Now sown during the first week of this month. Be sure to press the seeds firmly into contact with the soil by walking over the rows. Though beets are really quite hardy and stand consid- erable frost, pull them for winter storage, before the centre leaves of the tops freeze, to ensure keeping quality. Carrots. Both Chantenay and Oxheart will grow to good size if seeds are sown promptly early in the month and the seedlings are “thinned out” promptly. No other single factor will retard longer development than crowding in the row. Other “root crops.’ Plant kohlrabi, rad- ishes, and turnips. Early White or Purple Vienna kohlrabi are ready for use or storing in sixty days from date of sowing seeds. They stand considerable frost and may be left out- doors until the middle of October. Radishes. The early sorts are again the order of the day. Scarlet Globe, Icicle, and Rapid Red will develop roots fit for use in 25 to 35 days and will retain their crispness for some time. Make no attempt to store these radishes since they are not of sufficiently solid texture to keep well. But by making re- peated sowings of 15-foot rows during the first two weeks of the month, you may enjoy these delicacies up to hard frosts. Turnips are one of the most profitable crops to sow now. Either of the Milan varieties or Snowball will reach edible size in 45 days. But for winter storage Purple-top Strap-leaf is better, since it is firmer. However, since it requires at least 65 days to reach good size, it must be sown very early in the month. It will grow right up to severe cold weather, ENEMY ASSAULTS You Must Repulse are troublesome because they eat plant lice and other insects. Their egg-laying habit weakens and injures. the canes somewhat. If seriously abundant, cut off and burn the canes during winter or early spring. % Ir THERE are only a few CABBAGE WORMS —the green velvety fellows—on your cabbage, cauliflower, and related plants, you needn’t worry because their parasites will relieve you of their attentions. But if they are very numerous treat them to paris green (1 02.) and whale oil soap (4 0z.), in water (6 gal.) any time up to the formation of the head. Hellebore one part by measure to three parts of flour, or lime dust is good to shake over the plants while still wet with dew. Some people use slug shot. yx CABBAGE aphis or lice increase genera- tion after generation all summer and fall. Better see if any of the little fellows are on the plants (cauliflower, brussels sprouts, etc.) this month as there will be many times more in a few weeks unless attended to now. “Black leaf 40” or other nicotine preparation such as aphine according to directions on the package but with ‘two ounces of whale oil soap added to each three or four gallons of water may be used to good effect. when it should be pulled and stored along with carrots, beets, and kohlrabi. Kale and spinach are two cold-loving plants for ‘“‘greens’”’ that will thrive in the garden until after snow flies. Sow seeds in rows, which makes it ever so much easier to cultivate the crop, than the old-fash- ioned method of “broadcasting” the seeds. Dwarf German or Scotch Kale will develop superb plants by the end of October from seeds sown up to August 15th. Spinach. Any kind, excepting New Zea- land, will reach full size from seeds sown any time this month. Peas. You may hope to gather luscious peas if you start with either Pedigree Extra Early, Market Surprise, or any other first early. Sown in double rows, four inches apart, with eighteen inches between the rows, Pedigree Extra Early needs no support, though Mar- ket Surprise will be better off if provided with brush or strings. The latter matured in 53 days this spring. Lettuce thrives to perfection during the cool months of early fall. Either Black Seeded Tennisball, Wayahead, or Naumburger (among the butterheads) will form fine heads by the end of September from seeds sown early; among the crispheads, Crisp-as-Ice beats all for hardiness. We have seen this thrive out- doors, under a covering of dry leaves, right up to Thanksgiving. The thing of paramount importance in connection with lettuce is promptly thinning the seedlings to stand four inches apart when three to four inches tall and of taking out every other plant as soon as they begin to crowd in the row. Directions as to time given in these columns apply generally to the latitude of New York as a standard. Except where specifically otherwise mentioned allow a difference of about a week earlier or later for each hundred. miles south or north, as the case may be. te MELONS AND CUCUMBERS are very shallow rooted plants. They send their roots long distances laterally only a few inches below the surface and fully as far out from the “‘hill’’ as the vines extend. With’ this fact in mind the method of handling them is obvious: use a scufHe hoe or a garden rake frequently but no deeper than the surface half inch of soil. Do this every week from the time the vines begin to “run” until they cover the ground, all the time keeping just out of touch with the vines themselves. The less the vines are touched or moved, the better, as they are then less likely to be injured or to become victims of disease and insects. Other things being equal this method will produce finer quality fruit than any other method. It is distinctly the home or amateur practise which the commercial melon grower cannot approach, much less equal. jr BoreRS IN APPLE TREES are of two prin- cipal kinds: the “‘flat-headed” which may be found in any part of the trunk and the main branches, which reaches maturity in one year and which feeds mainly just beneath the bark; and the “‘round-headed”’ which is usu- ally found mostly near or just below the sur- face of the ground, lives three years, during the second in deep burrows though at first feeding in the sapwood and the inner bark, and lastly pupating just beneath the bark. Both species are very destructive especially to trees not kept clean around their trunks and to failing trees. Clean cultivation is a partial AuvGustT, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 11 and fairly satisfactory preventive, but cutting the worms out with a sharp knife or a chisel is a sure cure though in serious infestations a “kill or cure” remedy so far as the tree is con- cerned. After cutting, the wounds should be swabbed with concentrated lime-sulphur wash or with an alkaline wash made of soap, water, and caustic potash made into a creamy liquid. The trunks should be swabbed as far up as the lowest limbs or farther. %& BLACKBERRY AND RASPBERRY plants die mysteriously, you say. No disease to be seen. Perhaps it’s the raspberry root-borer. Notice whether the lower parts of the stems and the roots are bored out and if the new shoots at the crown are girdled. A few plants will tell the story. Nothing to be done but to dig and burn the plants at once. % BoreERS IN THE QUINCE BUSHES! Most likely the same as in the apple trunks and limbs. The same remedy will apply—dig them out and paint with concentrated lime sulphur wash or caustic potash and soap in a creamy solution. ‘% Wuere radishes, mustard, cress, cabbage or other plants of the mustard family have been growing early in the season or last season use carrots, beets, celery, or some other crop of a dif- ferent plant family. The mustard family is sub- ject to a disease called “‘club root,” which lives in the soil and often does serious damage when plants of the family follow each other closely. % Ir you plan to save seeds of beans and peas for next year’s planting, be sure to fumi- gate the shelled seed with carbon bisulphide to kill any weevils that may be present. These little beetles live over from year to year in the ripe seed, having developed from eggs laid in the green seed. ‘The best way to fumi- gate is to place the seed in an air-tight recep- tacle not quite full, then to pour carbon bi- sulphide in a saucer placed on top of the seed and then to close the receptacle tight for two or three hours. ® Cashing-In the War Gardens rf. F. rockwewt ORGANIZATIONS BEGUN TO SPEED UP PRODUCTION MUST NOW BE UTILIZED TO PREVENT WASTE OF THE PRODUCT—THE PROBLEM OF LOCAL OVER-PRODUCTION ACH passing week seems to indicate more clearly that the war will finally terminate in a gigantic struggle for adequate food supplies; that the eventual issue will be settled by the field and garden. It was with a realization of this pos- sibility that the “war garden” movement was given such an impetus in the early summer. Now the fruits of all the earnest endeavor which that agitation stimulated are begin- >>. Avoid waste by codperative distribution ning to mature, and we find ourselves con- fronted with the equally important problem of utilizing them to the fullest possible extent. During the last few weeks, in connection with the work of establishing model demon- stration “war gardens” in a number of the largest Eastern cities, I have had occasion to see literally thousands of back yard and vacant lot gardens. If I hadn’t seen with my own eyes I would not have found it possible to believe that such a very high percentage would be as well planted and as well cared for as they have been. Unlike most other “waves of popular enthusiasm,” this garden movement seems to have had no recession; I believe, simply because it has given the people a chance to do what they really would have liked to do before. The vacant lot campaign and similar enterprises have merely . ee “ Passe opened the door of opportunity to those who were waiting to push through! In the majority of cities, the number of plots avail- able for general distribution were “‘over sub- scribed” almost as soon as announced. While some of these gardeners will drop out, never- theless there is every indication that most of them are going to stick. The later plantings, in spite of the bad early season, are. coming along finely, and a great deal more is going to be produced than it would have been rea- sonable to predict at the beginning. Are We to Fall Down Then? All this, in view of the present world food situation, is very cheering—except to those who from previous experience know what is likely to happen when nature: «s been generous in giving big crops! Utilize existing organizations like the Garden Clubs, the Boy Scouts, etc Those who do know realize that the per- centage of waste, especially in such things as perishable garden vegetables, usually 1s tremendous. Not infrequently it amounts to fifty or even seventy-five per cent. of in- dividual crops! The smal] vegetable gar- den, in which from twenty to fifty per cent. of the stuff raised does not go to waste, is the exception to the general rule. To permit 12 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE AuGeustT. 1917 any such waste this year will be nothing short of criminal—and yet that is just what is bound to happen unless steps are taken in each individual community to do something beforehand to prevent} it. No Government Commission can do this work for us—any more than it could have done the work of getting all these little gardens started. The Depart- ment of Agriculture is doing all it can in the way of educating people to utilize the surplus products of their gardens, just as it did in the spring in telling people how to plant. Now, just as the work of planting had to be taken up and pushed as an emergency neces- sity by all kinds of local organizations and clubs, so the task of utilizing to the full the things that have been grown must be directed and handled in the same way. Whether or not we are to cash-in at par on what our war gardens have produced, or to suffer a loss that is needless, and in the aggregate for the whole country tremendous, will depend upon the efforts of a few individ- uals in each community. Every reader of this magazine should immediately appoint himself or herself (and from what I have seen during the last few months, I know that the women are doing a very big half of the emer- gency garden work!) a committee of one to see to it immediately that the garden club food committee, Woman’s Aid Committee, Chamber of Commerce, or whatever organiza- tion has had charge of the “food gardens” work in his or her locality, at once give care- ful consideration to the question of pre- venting waste. First Aid to Wasteful Gardeners THE waste almost universal in small gar- dens is generally due to the fact that the gardener does not know how to prevent it, or that the general overproduction of some particular vegetable is so great that it will really not pay to attempt to do anything. The latter reason is not likely to hold good this year. It is up to those in each community who do know éetter to attend to it and, through proper organization, see that nothing goes to waste merely because the grower lacks infor- mation as to how to conserve it. The efforts of individuals in this directron will be good as far as they go, but they will not go far enough. In the following paragraph there are four definite suggestions, one or more of which Packages neatly put up will find a ready sale at all times, even during gluts can be utilized to advantage in every city or town where extra gardens have been planted this year. Before taking up these suggestions in detail, however, emphasis must be laid on the importance of getting this work started immediately. Most gardens were planted late this year and will be at the height of their bearing season for the next few weeks. If we have hot, dry weather things will mature and “go by” very quickly; therefore, every day counts. Immediate action now will save the day in harvesting, just as it did last spring in planting! Will the people rise to this occasion as they did to that? In every town or city there should be at least one organization in a position to take up and push one or more of the following plans. But, as is always the case in such matters, it will take a strong push by some in- dwidual to get the organization started. So either do it yourself or keep after some one who can until something is started somewhere! An Exchange for Every Group of War Gardens ‘THE spirit of cooperation and the idea of doing all that can be done to help and encourage the individual in gardening must not stop with the planting. When there is one garden plot in which the owner has planted more beans than he can possibly use himself at one time, while fifty feet away, in another plot, there are heads of lettuce threatening to go to seed because the person growing them cannot eat them as fast as they mature; and, in a third, perhaps, rac- ishes and turnips will have to be pulled out and thrown away if they are not soon made use of—under these conditions, certainly the common-sense, practical thing at hand is to establish some agency for trade and exchange between the different plot owners. As to what would be the best way to ar- range the details of this exchange will depend upon the conditions to be met in each particu- lar place. Most of the war gardeners do their work in the evenings and on Saturday afternoons. A large table made out of plain inch boards, and supported by rough 2 x 4’s on which to display produce for sale, is all the equipment really necessary. Some near-by merchant, however, will probably be only too glad to furnish one of the large advertising umbrellas, such as are used on open market and truck wagons, to afford some protection from rain and sun. It would not be neces- sary to have this “exchange”’ open for busi- ness more than a few hours a week; say, be- tween five and six Tuesday and Thursday afternoons and from four to six on Saturday. The complications of delivery and a credit system should, ‘of course, be avoided; those bringing the vegetables would state the price at which they were to be sold. In some places, it might be desirable to charge a slight commission, but, as a rule, this would prob- ably not be necessary, as it should be possible to get volunteers to take charge of the ex- change table for the few hours a week required. Either a credit slip or a receipt memorandum might be given for any of the vegetables brought in, but they would not be paid for until sold, as any that were not disposed of would be, of course, the grower’s loss, just as though they had remained in his garden plot. There should be a simple set of rules covering the requirements as to whether the vegetables need be washed or not, limiting the amount any one could leave and so forth. The main object of the exchange is to pre- vent good vegetables from going to waste ! What- ever method in any particular case seems to be the best for accomplishing this purpose is the one to use. Enlist the Boy Scouts for the Job! NOTHER ‘channel of distribution” available which could undoubtedly be used to advantage in many cases is through the boy scouts. They could be employed in connection with an exchange like that men- tioned above, or without it. These boys have already done yeoman service in many ways with the war crisis, and a good part of their training has been that they have been led to realize that there are just as important things for them to do at home as if they were at the front. They have been of help in the production of food supplies, first in working gardens, later in policing others, and here they can be of assistance in the equally im- | bn abort anton oak chee dexcasdas As a patriotic gift or presentation basket surely good fresh vegetables will be quite welcome portant work of distribution and preventing food waste. Their assistance here could consist in ascertaining where available sur- pluses existed, in taking orders and in de- livery. The “organization” needed would be some central point, through which they could find out what vegetables were availabie and where they could be: obtained. If the whole matter were in charge of a scout master, he could make it part of the boys’ work fér them to get this information for themselves. A ‘‘ Dry What You Can and Can What You Can’t’’ Club! . THe lines suggested above are to prevent vegetables from going to waste in the garden. Equally important are the steps to be taken to prevent them from going to waste in the home. Your vacant lot garden club or other organization should arrange, first of all, for an educational campaign on the proper ways for saving for winter use all the surplus things that can be grown in the garden, or that can be bought cheaply. If it 1s possible, get up a meeting on drying or—de-hydrating, and on canning of vegetables. If you do not know whom to get, ask your county agent or write to the readers’ service of THE GARDEN Macazine. A good lecture with demonstra- tions on this particular subject will usually “start things” a great deal more quickly than any number of leaflets or circulars. But such a talk, no matter how good or practical it may be, is only a start. This work should be taken up and pushed by a club started for the purpose, or by a committee of your local garden club. This committee should not be restricted to furnishing information or inspiration, 1t must actually work in whole- sale purchasing of supplies. Such an organ- ization could operate a community drying plant. AvGcustT, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 13 Work for the Red Cross Also ANNING work can be carried farther than in helping out individuals. Some medium for exchange in canned garden prod- ucts as well as for those fresh from the soil may well be established. The local Woman’s Exchange would, in most cases, be the logical agency for doing this work. But there is an- other line of effort which would also be well worth looking into. In working for the comfort of the men at the front, we areysometimes likely to forget the distress of the women who stay behind. In every Red Cross organization there are prob- ably members who would rather can than sew. Vegetables canned or dried now, and sold at cost next winter where they will be sorely needed, Water to Increase Garden Efficiency will be just as much a contribution to the cause as will be the making of bandages for the front. In addition to this, there are the things which will be needed for the Red Cross Hospitals themselves, and which can be had better and cheaper if supplied by the members than if they were bought. Personal Pointers for Conservation [X ADDITION to these essential commun- ity activities, each person should not for- get to do his or her personal “bit” to help in the general campaign for food conservation. If you have a garden, remember to begin using your vegetables early—and also to can or. dry them before they get old and tough ! Make your preparations well in advance for drying or de-hydrating all the vegetables For information as to methods see last month’s GarpEN Macazine. A practical and economical ‘“‘evaporator”’ of family size may be had for a few dollars. While small enough for one person, the small- est size 1s large enough for several persons to use together, as it will be required occasionally. For society or club an outfit of larger size can be bought. In addition to taking care of your personal requirements, remember that the success of the other suggestions contained in this article depends upon each individual doing his or her part for the common good. If it is necessary for you to contribute, for instance, a couple of hours a week to the Garden Club Vegetable Exchange, in order to make it a success, don’t be a slacker! that you can. G. W. HOOD University of Nebraska IRRIGATION SYSTEMS THAT ENSURE THE GREATEST YIELD OF. CROPS—IMPORTANCE OF APPLYING WATER HEN Mr. Edgar McFarland in Ten- nessee can produce enough vegeta- bles to feed his entire family during the year from a piece of ground 25 x 100 feet by the use of a $12 irrigation system; and the Seabrook farms in New Jersey can raise consistently 500 or more bushels of potatoes to the acre; and Belden & Sons of Massachu- setts can increase their onion yield from 300 to 800 bushels an acre by the aid of irrigation, the rest of us can hardly ignore the thought that water is the /imiting factor in the production of crops, not only in the semi-arid but in all regions. The use of water to irrigate growing plants is nothing more or less than a good in- surance policy, and it is needed perhaps more this year than ever, because with a possible world’s food shortage staring us in the face we Large and small standpipes ensure surface irrigation. The larger one serves asa head. Water is distributed through the openings in the smaller one cannot afford to have a crop failure. Every one naturally feels that a greater acreage is necessary. But though more acres make for more food, yet without suficient water more acreage will be of little value. Within the last few years the manufacturing industries have given to the tiller of the soil all kinds of devices for the improvement and betterment of the land. Efficiency of machin- UNDER CONTROL ery is the keynote to success and to-day the grower is better supplied with tools of high quality than ever before in the history of the civilized world. Yet, with the great development of all the devices for the cultivation of the land, with all the means at our disposal for the increased out- put of our farms, there still remains the one great limiting factor water. The plant does not always suffer for lack of water, but its growth 1s checked, and the maximum yield is not re- ceived. The point to which this need for water is felt may or may not be entirely fatal. It may not reach the acute stage of drought in which growth is entirely checked and if continued long enough fatally, but it ranges from the slight need of the jplant for water up to the acute need or absolute necessity for it in order for the plant to live. It is generally known that there are certain well-defined regions, of which vast areas are found in many parts of the West, namely in Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Utah, Cali- fornia, and a few other places where extra water supply is an absolute necessity for the growth of plants. And it is taken as a matter of course that some way of applying it 1s installed. But seldom do people in the more humid areas suspect that in their own com- munity the yields could be materially in- creased by the judicious application of water at the proper time. Talk to any grower in the eastern or Middle West where the rain- fall varies from 40 to 60 inches of precipita- tion for the year, and he will say, “we don’t need irrigation in our section, we are especially blessed with plenty of natural rain- fall. Our crops do well and produce abund- antly.” While we agree that certain regions are especially blessed with 40 or 50 inches of rainfall in a year, the question remains—does this vast amount of precipitation come at the proper time every year! It takes but little persuasion to convince the grower in a semi-arid region where the rainfall 1s 8 to 20 inches a year that water is necessary for the production of a good crop. It is, how- ever, more difficult to convince the grower in a region with 40 inches of rainfall that artificial watering may be necessary. Though the great problem of soil moisture is in its evolutionary stage and each year sees different theories and ideas for the conserving of the natural soil moisture, yet it can be said, without a shadow of a doubt, that the applica- tion of water to the land is beneficial in every section of the country some of the time and in some section of the country all of the time. Just what the early history of irrigation is I am unable to say, but we read accounts of the great crops that have been produced in the old countries of Egypt and China where the most primitive methods of applying water to the soil still exist. If I am rightly informed the early use of water in the form of irrigation be- gan in this country in the early ’forties. If my information is authentic Brigham Young, the founder of irrigation in the United States when he led a small band of 147 followers to the region which is now known as Utah, and encouraging his followers to be farmers said: They may be at- There are several patterns of sprinklers. tached to moveable surface hose or to underground perma- nent pipes « “spread the water out upon the land and you will have bountiful crops.” “To-day there are many systems of irrigation in use and many variations of each system to suit the different sections of the country. The principal methods are: (1) open ditch; (2) overhead system, divided into the sprinkler system, the spray nozzle system, the spray line; (3) the surface nozzle sprinkler and side A strong spray machine like this is for use where city pressure is available. is Over a large area The nozzles rotate and distribution line sprinkler; (4) subirrigation; (5) Thompson underground conveyed surface irrigation; (6) sunken bed or check system of irrigation; (7) raised bed irrigation. Open ditch method. The open ditch method is perhaps the most primitive method. Its construction is simple and consists only in the digging of a ditch to convey the water to the place where it is wanted. Two kinds of ditches are usually spoken of in thismethod, namely the main ditch and the laterals. ©The main ditch carries the water from the reservoir or well, while the smaller ditches or furrows which lead from the main ditch take water to the crops that are being watered. This system was first used on all crops that were planted in rows such as potatoes, sugar beets, corn, fruit, and vegetables. The open ditch method is still in use and extensively employed. The chief trouble in furrow irrigation is to divide the water in the head ditch equally among a large number of rows. The sprinkler system. Some few years ago this system of irrigation was brought into prominence by Mr. Skinner and to-day the Skinner system of irrigation is known to al- most every one interested in the application of water to plants. In brief the Skinner system aims to apply the water to the soil in the form of a fine spray, directed from specially designed nozzles above the plant. The water falls gently to the ground and in the same manner as rain. This method has met with the ap- proval of many growers and at present exten- sive areas are under this method of artificial watering with excellent results There are several modifications of the sprinkler system to meet the needs of different conditions. The overhead system is applicable to commercial vegetable gardens, but does not - make an artistic feature in a beautiful flower garden or on a well kept lawn. To meet the requirement of the last named condition there -~\ pa Method of laying underground pipe for a permanent lawn system where outside or city pressure is available THE GARDEN MAGAZINE has sprung into ex- istence a most unique and highly effective underground surface s prin- kler. This sprin- kler ‘is for use on lawns and flower gardens. It consists of permanent wa- ter pipes which are laid under the ground and at given uniform distances sprinkler nozzles are brought to the surface of the ground. These nozzles throw a cone-shaped spray and are spaced so that the spray from one nozzle will meet that of the other and thus all of the sur- face of the soil is reached by the spray. The distance apart the sprayers must be placed depends upon the water pressure. The lines of pipes run parallel and several sprinklers are attached to the same line so that all may be turned on atone time. This method is, I think, unexcelled for the uniform watering of lawns. The nozzles being placed at the surface of the ground, they are not visible and do not inter- fere with the mowing of the grass. A very practical way of using the nozzle line system in enclosed gardens. The fixture is not conspicuous and is out of the way A different form of the sprinkler system is seen when enclosed gardens are to be watered; the pipes are placed along the wall and not under the ground and instead of nozzles which throw a cone shaped spray there are small holes bored in the pipe to distribute the water. In some sections of the West notably southern California, a modification of this permanent system is in vogue. ‘This consists of a short pipe one half inch in diameter and eight to ten Sy » MN AuGust, 1917 feet in length in which a number of small holes are made. The pipe is then raised six to eight inches from the ground. One end is fastened up while a hose is placed on the opposite end. This is quite effective for large lawns and is preferable to the round sprinklers. The Thompson system. The Thompson system of irrigation is In use to a large extent in southern California. Themethodmighteasily be called the underground con- veyed surface irrigation system. The name is at once clear when the method is described. Cement tile are the conveying agents. These Nozzle with auto- matic clos- ing valve when water pressure is = relieved. tile vary in size, deter ees mined by the amount of below. sur- water which it is neces- face for lawns, etc. sary to conduct. At the end of the row of tile isa head of water, held in a concrete basin. This basin is either round or square, and is usually about four feet in diameter or four feet square. — The height varies from four to five feet. From this basin which serves as a head for the water, the tile is laid underground the entire length of the field. Along this pipe line at varying intervals are smaller cement standpipes one foot in diameter which come to the surface of the ground and extend about twelve inches | above it. The distance apart of these smaller | standpipes is determined i the crop and the . volume of water which it is necessary to use. | In an orchard they are usually spaced the same distance the trees are set, and are located at the ends of the rows of trees. In garden irrigation the distance is deter- mined by the crop. This system is operated by the use of four valves one on each side of the small standpipe and the water is controlled and regulated by the opening and closing of these valves. This method is satisfactory from® certain stand- points: (1) the water is conveyed under- ground and no loss or leakage of water is en- countered, (2) the water is more evenly dis- tributed, (3) there is less loss and conse- quently a greater area of land can be irrigated by the same amount of water, (4) the control of the flow of water is easily and effectively regulated so that the operator can turn it on | and let it run all night without watching. (5) — The stream of water is even, regular, and uni- form. (6) the water can be carried to different levels. Sunken bed irrigation. This system is in vogue in many sections of California, and I see no reason why it is not adapted to other regions where the need of water is felt. As the name implies, the crops are planted in narrow beds surrounded with a shallow ridge of earth. The ridge prevents the water from spreading all around and the water can be turned in when it is needed in any bed. This system is really nothing more than flooding the soil, . but regulated to any degree by the grower. Vegetable crops do the best under this form of irrigation, and it is not often employed on a large scale. Lemont start Pe ¥ = Surface = water Bh; openingai= £ System in vogue when pressure is had from head in large cement tank. Distribution is through side holes 2a I a I in smaller pipes « Bearberry spreads over the foreground of this bank. It is a rapid grower on sandy soils fully exposed to the sun Native Evergreens Suitable for Ground-Covers Long Island EDWIN Te COS@ICH, SUGGESTING NEW USES FOR MANY PLANTS WELL KNOWN IN THE WILD, YET RARELY TO BE SEEN IN GARDENS N THESE days of slogans voicing the sentiment that we should “Use American Made” goods, it seems a fine opportunity to apply the idea to our gardens, and incidentally to get gardening folks acquainted with our native plants. And as ground-cover plants are coming to be more and more recog- nized as very important to good gardening and landscape work, it would not seem out of place to begin with them in developing a wider use of our native material. Garden makers generally realize the need of more material to serve as covers to carpet the ground, something that will take the place -of grass and cover that shaded bare space under the trees, that will clothe the grassy patches and join the shrub groups together. And evergreen ground-covers are econom- ical. When once planted they require prac- tically no attention and many of them will thrive where it has been almost impossible to establish any vegetation before. Planted between the shrubs of the border they elimi- nate the necessity of hoeing, which 1s quite an important item in the upkeep of any garden; covering a washed-out bank they will do away , with the inevitable gouged and furrowed ap- pearance, and the work of filling in after each rain. | The plants noted here are primarily ground- cover plants, that is, plants that do not com- monly exceed two to two and one half feet in height. Being evergreens, they include both broad-leaved and coniferous plants. Many of the species mentioned, though native, are not ordinarily obtainable in our own nurseries (except from a few specialists in native plant material); although they are ade- quately appreciated by the foreign trade; as our nurserymen wake up to their opportunities these plants will be more generally grown. Meanwhile, we can go to the woods, pine barrens and swampy places and collect them for ourselves. They will repay all the time and money expended on them by their charm- ing and delicate simplicity. and their adapta- bility to our gardens. Presenting these plants as ground-covers 1s perhaps putting them in anew role. They have heretofore been considered, whenever they have been considered at all, as rock garden sub- jects. But that should not preclude their use as cover plants. Many of the plants described below have not been tried out in this way, and the experimenter may look forward to a good deal of enjoyment in testing them. There are several (as Arctostaphylos, Taxus, and Juni- perus) that will undoubtedly produce desired 15 _able. results in a shorter time than some of the smaller, slower growing kinds, but each one has some particular merit peculiar to itself that makes it a valuable addition to the list of our worth-while garden plants. The Big Heath Family HE heath family is especially rich in ever- green ground-covers contributing at least seventeen species native of the northeastern states and eastern Canada. BEARBERRY or Deerfeed (Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi) 1s perhaps the finest of all evergreen ground-cover plants for dry, sandy, acid soil. Growing wild on the sandy wastes and pine- barrens of New Jersey, Long Isand and along the shores of Cape Cod, it covers thou- sands of acres of cheerless sand with a veritable carpet of shining green. The long vine-like runners reach out over the ground, and in a short time cover it entirely. In the spring the inconspicuous pink and white flowers can be found hidden among the leaves, and later on the crimson berries are very notice- The Bearberry is used as a cover plant on dry banks, under shrubbery, or as an edg- ing plant along a border it does admirably. If planted in a lime-soil country, it must have 16 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE AuGcustT, 1917 Showy Andromeda (Zenobia or Andromeda speciosa) is a half evergreen about 2 ft. high with highly attractive white flowers. Foliage biuish white soil specially prepared, as is the case of nearly all ericaceous plants. Box HuckLeBerry (Gaylussacia brachy- cera) is a low evergreen shrub with creeping branches. The coriaceous leaves somewhat resemble those of the common Boxwood. This is a remarkably beautiful evergreen, very closely related to the Bearberry and a coming plant for gardens and rockeries. It is re- ported as native in three states and should soon be available to our gardens. Mountain CRANBERRY (Vaccinium vitis- idaea), a native of Arctic America and south through the New England States to Massa- chusetts, forms dense, low mats of dark lus- trous green. It is especially suited to dry, rocky banks. Boc Rosemary (Andromeda glaucophylla and Andromeda polifolia), besides being good cover plants are very showy in flower and the glossy whitened underside of the leaves is very distinctive. The small pinkish white flowers, borne in graceful terminal clusters, are very. attractive. The Andromedas are adapted for rockery and border planting. Fetrer Bus (Leucothoé Catesbaei) is one of the few of our native plants that has had the recognition it deserved. It, however, has never been extensively planted as a ground- cover, but more often as a border plant in front of Rhododendrons to hide that “‘leggy” appearance of the long stems. The lavender and purple autumn and winter coloring of the Fetter Bush is in marked contrast to the heavy green of other broad-leaved evergreens. SHEEP LaureLt (Kalmia angustifolia), a plant seldom more than two feet high, forms broad stretches of green covering through the woods. It is well worth planting not only for the evergreen effect it gives, but also for the delicate crimson flowers it produces in June. Sanp Myrtie (Letophyllum buxifolium) and Laprapor Tra (Ledum groenlandicum) are very similar in all aspects. They have clustered flowers and characteristic rusty wool covering of the underside of the leaves. Few plants have more delightfully delicate flowers. Traitinc Argutus (Epigaea repens) and the common WINTERGREEN (Gaultheria pro- cumbens) are known to every one but they are seldom seen in cultivation. And yet they are both low evergreens and are natural cover plants. Sutn Lear (Pyrola) and the Prince’s PINE (Chimaphila) are low evergreen herbs nearly herbaceous. The flowers of the Shin Leaf are particularly showy for so small a plant. The variegated leaves of the Prince’s Pine are remarkably handsome, especially against a background of fallen autumn leaves. CREEPING SNOWBERRY (Chiogenes_hispi- dula) is a creeping evergreen with very slender trailing branches. A very good ground-cover but preferably a rock garden plant, where it will carpet the rocks and earth very effectively. Other Broad-leaved Kinds Bur not all of the cover plants belong to the heath family. The FLower1nc Moss, Pine-Barren Beauty or Pyxie (Pyxidanthera barbulata) 1s a very dainty evergreen creeping plant producing delicate white flowers from its cushion-like masses. The Southern GaLax (Galax aphylla) is an evergreen herb distantly related to the Pyxie and worthy of being tried as a cover plant. It has been used occa- sionally in rock garden work, and as an edging plant in the woods it has been successfully planted on Long Island. Every one acquainted with the woods knows the ParrripGE Berry or Squaw Berry (Mitchella repens) one of the finest of native evergreen cover plants. ‘The shining, round- ish, evergreen leaves, often variegated with white lines and the crimson berries, are un- commonly attractive. The Partridge Berry thrives very well under evergreen trees, form- ing dense mats. The small, pink flowers are not particularly striking but are quite fra- grant. CrowBerry (Empetrum nigrum), a pros- trate, spreading heath-like plant, is a pretty evergreen said to be best adapted to rock gar- Sand Myrtle (Leiophyllum buxifolium) has white flowers; leaves are rusty color below I aes In winter time evergreen cover plants greatly brighten banks and roadways. Andromeda floribunda and A. polifolia den planting but will thrive vigorously when planted in shaded places in the woods. The inconspicuous flowers are followed by black, edible berries. Broom CrowBerry (Corema Conradii), growing on the sandy pine-barrens of New Jersey is one of the showiest of evergreen flowering plants. It is a low, much-branched shrub with narrow leaves quite like those of the heath. It is only a question of time be- fore the majority of these plants find their way into our gardens, but in the case of the Corema the time is short for it has already at- tracted the attention of growers of native plants. RAT-sTRIPPER (Pachistima Canby1), a low evergreen shrub, native of the mountains of the Virginias, is one of the handsomest of trailing evergreen plants. This does well when planted en masse, as an edging plant, or in rockeries—it seems to thrive best in shaded woodland plantings. SPINDLE Busy (Evonymus obovatus), semi- evergreen trailer, is well adapted for planting as a ground-cover under shade trees. It would be suitably planted under tall, broad- leaved shrubs. Dwarf and Trailing Conifers [MONG the coniferous plants, the CANADIAN Yew or Ground Hemlock is a remarkably successful ground-cover. The spreading and occasional upright growth of its slender feath- ery branches, and the added beauty of its cheery red cherry-like fruits, make it one of the most finished of evergreen ground-cover plants. When planted thickly throughout a woodland it adds the touch of the primeval. It will thrive in any well-drained soil, and sometimes does well in moist places. An ideal evergreen ground-cover is a combina- tion of Bearberry and Canadian Yew—the upright spikes of the Yew lending the needed contrast to the broad, even stretches of the Bearberry. The depressed and trailing forms of the Common Juniper (Juniperus communis) are also excellent cover plants. J. communis depressa, with its spreading prostrate branches covers large patches of ground in its native. -habitat. Juniperus horizontalis is said to be even more procumbent in habit than variety depressa, and has long, trailing branches. faevoun Vloney and lake Your Choice” * “20s AN APPRAISAL OF RECENT OFFERINGS OF NEWER IRIS AND OTHER HARDY PERENNIALS FROM AN AMERICAN GARDENER’S VIEWPOINT—MAKE YOUR SELECTIONS FOR PLANTING NEXT MONTH T IS almost a commonplace that every aspiring garden-enthusiast looks to the catalogues of European firms like Perry, Wallace, Barr, or Goos & Koene- mann for the latest and best developments in hardy perennials. Outside of the Iris and the Peony, in both of which plants-we make a fairly good showing, I can at.the moment recall only a couple of. Phloxes and I think two varieties of Heleniums as constituting the sum-total of our original output in this line. Possessing, as we do, genuinely great plant growers or raisers, there seems to be no reason why, potentially at least, we should not rival any of the European countries. i However, it is not my intention to examine into the cause of this rather discouraging state of affairs, but rather to discuss its particular result—that the inquiring amateur who looks through the alluring list of novelties is served with descriptions of plants given them by the foreign firms that originated or disseminated them. Now, these descriptions are sometimes quite accurate, sometimes they are altogether inaccurate; but very seldom are they what is needed to help the prospective collector decide whether the particular plant in question is the sort of thing for his garden. Of course this method of procedure on the part of the nurserymen is often unavoidable in cases where no opportunity is to be had for trying out the novelty prior to its introduc- tion; but as the catalogue descriptions rarely vary from year to year, it would seem that the gardening public is not getting quite all it deserves. In the hope that my own experiences may perhaps be of some value to others, ,I shall briefly go over a list of some of the recent novelties, always looking at the subject from the viewpoint of the American flower-gardener. Beyond an accurate description, any strictly impartial rating is of course impossible; the personal equation is bound to enter here— but that is sometimes oddly illuminating. OF ALL the hardy plants introduced within the last few years, the new varieties of Anchusa italica are probably the most meritor- ious. Indeed, their reputation has already spread so far that it may be questioned ’ whether they can be considered in the light of ‘‘novelties’’ at all; so it is only to clear up certain points about them that I have in- cluded them in my list. It is quite true, as the growers claim, that next to Delphiniums the Anchusas are the best hardy plants with blue flowers, but it is quite as untrue that they generally grow six feet high, or that they bloom all summer, or that, strictly speaking, they can be classed as perennials at all! Their real blooming period is six or seven weeks at ‘best, their real height from three to five feet; and, as for their life-time, it is not much longer than that of the Foxglove—at least no one should count on their lasting more than one additional season after they have come into bloom. The immense succulent crowns soon split up with age, water collects in the hollows, and by spring there is nothing left but an unattractive black mass of decay. Encouraging the forma- tion of strong new growth by cutting the stems to the ground immediately after flowering will help to some extent (the same is true of the Foxglove), but it is something of a gamble at best. As for the flowers, one can’t praise them enough; it is a toss-up between Dropmore and Opal as to which possesses the most delicious shade of blue—I am inclined a trifle toward the latter. Far inferior to either is Perry’s Variety, which I am glad to see is already dropping out of the catalogues. It is of a much deeper blue, to be sure, but the flowers are much smaller and the whole plant is of a most disagreeably lank and leggy habit. Proceeding alphabetically let’s make the next stop at the Aconitums, two varieties of which the catalogue says are “splendid acquisi- tions.” Sparks’s Variety, blooming in_ late June, has a most graceful, branching habit, with finely divided leaves and flowers of the richest deep violet. It is a much taller grower than the old Napellus, and altogether quite supersedes that kind. As a pendant we have For August and September bloom there are several varieties of the dwarf Asters (ame)lus section) Mr. Wilson’s aconite (4. Wilson) which, with me, has bloomed in early October, not in September, as has been repeatedly stated. It is a very robust grower—five or even six feet tall, with coarse Delphinium-like leaves and very large, fully inflated flowers, of the most delightful shade of rich lavender,— a shade that for cool purity of tone recalls cer- tain Irises of the pallida group. It is not so branching as Sparks’s, so the older it grows and the more spikes to a clump the better the appearance. HOUGH their seasons of bloom do not over-lap quite accurately, Aconitum Wil- soni makes a charming combination with Anemone Queen Charlotte; and let me say that the latter plant is still to my mind the queen of all the pink Anemones. Alice, which has been trumpeted as an improve- ment over Her Majesty, is most decidedly nothing of the sort, though a rather hand- some flower in its own way. It is a deeper pink, but, unfortunately, also a more pur- plish tone; in fact one step more and it would not be ‘far removed from those horrible aniline shades that crop out occasionally in Annual Asters. Kriemhilde and _ Loreley, two other new-comers, appeal to me much more. Which is which, ] have been unable to discover, for they look exactly alike to me, 17 ‘ but at any rate they have flowers more nearly double than Queen Charlotte, but with narrower petals, stained a deeper pink at the tips. I find them rather variable both in form and color, but never do they attain the “reddish lilac” credited to them by the introducer. Artemisia lactiflora is a very robust and rank growing plant, four or five feet tall, with huge, gracefully paniculate heads of flowers something in the style of the Tall Golden-rod. The individual flowers are very minute, and never seem to really open, but the whole plant gives a charming foamy effect of white that is well set off by the fresh green leaves, droop- ing and deeply cut. Its odor, if not exactly that ‘of Hawthorn,” is decidedly pleasant— pungent and mildly aromatic and not at all rank. Artemisia lactiflora is beginning to grow shabby just as the Hardy Asters come into bloom. It is good indeed to see our American flower gardeners at last awakening to the possibilities of these glorious native plants—after they have been appreciated for so long abroad! Prophets in their own coun- try indeed! None of the newer varieties that I have seen are poor; perhaps the best of all is Climax, which has very large daisy-like flowers with soft yellow centres, that fairly load down the big tall plants. Their color is that unapproachable lavender seen only in these plants and in a few Irises, such as the incomparable pallida dalmatica. Feltham Blue is another excellent single; Beauty of Colwall, generally listed as-the “best double,” proved something of a disappointment to me —the color and shape of the individual flower are excellent, but they open irregularly, and the plant seemed rather stiff in habit. Sz. Egwin is not a clear pink, as I had expected, but a‘delightful lavender-pink. It is a rather short and compact grower, and fairly smoth- ered with bloom. Aster grandiflorus is quite all that has been claimed. Blooming in early November, even after Aster tataricus, its rich purple flowers are more than welcome. In color they closely approach the wild New England Aster, but they are a trifle larger and the plant is under three feet in height. The dwarf Amellus section, blooming much earlier in August and September, have never particularly appealed to me, though undoubtedly they give fine effects in large masses. Of these Perry’s Favorite is an excellent lavender-pink, and Beauty of Ronsdorf, with less pink and more lavender, is equally good. N THE Delphiniums there is surely an em- barrassment of riches. Although Kelway and Son had been offering hundreds of varieties for some years back, it 1s only within the last season or two that we in America have begun to get a taste of the newer hybrids. Of these, Capri, Mrs. Brunton, Moerheimi, Theodora, and Lamartine are generally classed in one group as the “ Belladonna Hybrids,” and they far surpass their parent in both their graceful branching growth and their wonderful free- dom of bloom. Indeed this freedom of bloom is perhaps their most striking quality; where the older varieties gave only two crops of flowers, these give at least four. Indeed with me Belladonna Semiplenum bloomed almost continuously from the first of June to the middle of October, one crop of flowers spring- ing up before the others were faded. 18 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE AuvecustT, 1917 Of the sin- gles, Capri is a very tall grower N with large flat blossoms of the * most delicate sky blue. It 1s much better grower than Per- simmon, which it otherwise re- sembles. Next in depth of color is Mrs. Brunton, whose blue is also more intense, with a lustre like blue enamel. This vari- ety is of dwarfer growth (about three feet) with very wide, branching spikes of bloom and particularly well- formed _ flowers. Next comes Theo- dora, to me _ the most beautiful and distinct of single Delphiniums. Its graceful spikes of flowers are of the richest corn-flower blue, with an unusual soft brown centre. This latter together with its soft and finely cut sage green foliage help to give it a different quality from any other Larkspur, but its chief glory is its color; massed, it gives an effect that cannot be approached for richness and depth. La- martine is the darkest of all; its very deep navy blue, set off with a pure white eye, is very striking, though not so harmonious as Theo- dora. The variety Moerheimi has been so lauded that we might reasonably be prepared for a slight disappointment, but happily noth- ing of the sort is in store for us. As the origi- nator has stated, it is the exact counterpart, in form and habit, of Capri, but in color a pure white, with a cream white eye. The flower is precisely like a much magnified white Chinese Larkspur, which sets one speculating as to its parentage. Those unfortunate gar- deners who have difficulty in growing Lilium Candidum should not fail to avail themselves of Moerheimi as the best of substitutes, for grouping with the blue Larkspurs. I must confess to a rather decided prejudice against Double Delphiniums. As a rule, they strike me as being altogether too showy; “‘over-dressed,”” one might say. So I shall leave their extended description to some one more sympathetic to their charms. I must say a good word, however, for the excellence of Mrs. Creighton and Zuster Lugton as cut flowers. Both these varieties are in shades of very deep blue ,and violet, which, indoors, take on a peculiarly luminous effect, like bits of old stained glass. Belladonna Semi-plenum, as its name might suggest, escapes all the usual faults of the double kinds; and for this variety I have nothing but praise. Its loose semi- double flowers are of a slightly deeper blue han Capri, with a little dash of lilac on each petal. This does not ““mud”’ the color in the least as one might expect; at a distance it is entirely invisible, and close at hand it only gives the flower an added charm. pia Moerheim’s well counterpart of Capri Larkspur is described as a_ white Modern Irises That Outclass the Old T WILL be well to consider the Irises in detail at this time especially as their plant- ing time is at hand whereas the other subjects can wait a month, and better indeed, some perennials stay in the catalogues year after year with little or no change or improvement. But others, more plastic in the hands of the plant breeder (or perhaps merely more popular with the public), are being constantly developed. In the case of the German Iris, this develop- ment has been especially marked. As the usual story runs, a majority of the newer Irises were appreciated in England and the continent long before they reached this country. Nevertheless, since the introduc- tion by one of our largest nurseries of the new Goos & Koenemann seedlings, shortly after they were first disseminated abroad, the list of available European novelties has grown steadily longer, until to-day practically every progressive nursery catalogues at least a few. And a new impetus to the growing of the newer Irises has undoubtedly been given to the American flower gardeners by Mr. B. H. Farr, who, since 1910, has been sending out his own seedlings at the rate of four or five a year. That Mr. Farr has been almost without a rival in the American field may seem a bit strange, considering how easy a plant the Iris is to experiment with. One of the most striking characteristics o a majority of the newer Irises is the large size and great substance of their blooms. The massive form of the pallida and early-flowering germanica types predominate, and no doubt this has been secured by using these types as seed parents to be crossed with the smaller, but often more brilliantly or richly colored variegata and squalens sections. This com- bination of brilliant coloring and large size is particularly noticeable in the Goos & Koe- nemann novelties. One might easily imagine that four at least of these Irises are descended from a single seed parent, even from a single pod, so closely are they related in their general scheme of coloring: white or yellow standards, and broad falls of some purple shade, with wide’ light colored margins: Rhein Nixe has pure white standards and deep violet-blue falls, with broad white mar- gins; Loreley has the same violet-blue falls, but margined cream color, while the standards are a light lemon yellow. Princess Victoria Louise repeats the same color scheme as Lore- ley, but with falls of a light reddish-purple ‘In Nibelungen the standards are of a clouded The Milk-flowered Ragweed is really useful for mass effects of white foam in late summer (Artemisia lactiflora) fawn-yellow; the same shade margins the falls, which are a deep purple. None of these varieties Ise particularly, subtle or harmoni- ous in coloring, but all have an attrac- tive freshness and brilliancy, and are not too garish to combine easily with Irises of similar types. Of the four, Rhein Nixe and Princess _ Victoria Louise are perhaps the most desirable. Two other Goos & Koenemann seed- lings are of a differ- ent type. Pfauwe- nauge, or Peacock’s “ye, is a name that raises high antici- pations, but to my mind the plant is comparatively dis- appointing; very dwarf, not large in flower, and though distinct, too somber in color to be pleasing. Tris King (Iriskoenig), however, is a magnif- cent flower, one of the finest of all in its depth and richness of coloring. The bloom is large and widely expanded, the standards a fawn- yellow, of unusual quality, the falls a deep maroon-red, of peculiar velvetiness of texture with a narrow margin of deep yellow. This same variety, by the way, is sometimes seen in English lists under the name of King of Irises, and in French catalogues as ‘‘ Reine des Iris.” This last a rather amusing per- version. Certainly the French are quite able to stand on their own merits as raisers of new Iris, when they have produced such splendid sorts as Alcazar, Archeveque, Oriflamme, Monseig- neur, Prosper Laugier, and Edouard Michel. None of these, strange to say, is the creation of M. Victor Lemoine, whose name has been long associated with the most wonderful im- provements in both herbaceous plants and shrubs. The first three varieties mentioned above are of the early flowered germanica type, and in coloring are related to such well-known kinds as Amas, Kharput, and the common, but by-no-means-to-be-despised, “ Blue Flag.” All three are of robust growth, with immense blooms that give a particularly imposing effect in the garden. Alcazar has standards of a light dull violet and falls of deep purple, flushed and veined bronze toward the base—a somber yet strik- ing coloring, that might well deserve the name “Nuee d’Orage,” really the title of another French introduction, said to be equally fine, but which I have not yet seen in bloom. Archeveque has a brighter, and to me a richer and more pleasing coloring, with plum-colored standards and very deep-glowing purplish- plum falls, suggesting the petals of a pansy in their extreme velvetiness of texture. Some gar- dener of our middle Atlantic states, where the blooming periods of Irises and late Tulips over- lap, should try combining this magnificent Iris with that equally magnificent Tulip Walter T. Ware.. Unfortunately that gardener will have to be a person of considerable means, if The Monkshoods in Sparks’s and Wilson’s varieties bloom from June to October : Apeust, 1917 he invests largely in these two plants at their present prices! Oriflamme, the last of the trio, is also the largest, possibly the largest of all German lines with lavender standards and long drooping violet-purple falls, quite in the manner of Amas. Monseigneur (or Monsignor) is both a curi- ous and handsome flower. The ground color- ing of both standards and falls is a rather pale slaty violet, but in the falls this is most densely and intricately veined and overlaid with deep- est claret-purple. “‘A very beautiful piece of rich coloring,’ as one catalogue aptly de- scribes it. Prosper Laugier is a genuine improvement on Jaquiniana, formerly the most beautiful Iris of the squalens section. The standards of Prosper Laugier are of almost the same clouded, iridescent bronze, the falls, broader and more wide-spreading than Jaquiniana, are of the richest wine-color, veined deeper at the base. As for Edouard Michel (of the pallida type), an improvement on both Caprice and the older Mme. Paquitte, it is one of those Irises to which no description does justice. The flower is of the largest, with falls thick, broad and fluted, and both standards and fallsare peared eenturated —no word quite expresses it, with the most luscious deep claret-red. The flower stems are above the average in height, and they bear the flowers aloft with a very fitting dignity. Crossing to England, we find a bewildering number of new Irises, of all degrees of merit, . many entirely unknown in this country. Of all these sorts, the most unusual and strangely attractive is [soline; a flower that, literally, must be seen to be appreciated, as it is almost impossible to give any adequate idea of its peculiar quality of coloring. Standards of dull clouded pinkish-lilac, falls old rose, suf- fused’ purplish, and shot with coppery gleams that seem to converge in the discinceold gold” beard—this is an approximation of the general effect, but the whole flower has a unique opalescence impossible to imprison in words. The blooms are large, well-formed and of great substance, with long, drooping falls, and the plant is tall and vigorous in habit, with leaves of unusual size. The general effect of Isoline, if not pink, is distinctly pinkish, and there are a number of Irises that also must be placed near the red rather than the blue end of the spectrum—in particular Windham (described under the Farr seedlings), Queen of May, Her Majesty, Mrs. Allan Gray, Trautlieb and Lohengrin, all of the pallida section (Some of these could hardly be called new, but I group them here for the convenience of the flower-gardener who might wish to know the relative value of the various so-called “pink” Irises). Queen of May was the first to be introduced, but it is still one of the best in its vigorous growth, tall flower stem (34 ft.), and large, well- shaped flower. The color is a light lilac, of rather pinkish tone, shading a trifle deeper in the falls, which are veined darker toward the base. A brighter, clearer color is Her Majesty, though a plant shorter and less robust in habit. The standards are a really exquisite shade of lilac-pink—almost an old rose—the falls have a deeper and more elaborate veining than Queen of May. With the exception of Windham, Her Majesty is the nearest ap- proach to a true pink of any in this group, and when cut or seen close to, the bloom is one of the most attractive of all, but, in common with most flowers having distinct veins or eyes, is hardly as effective in the gar- THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 19 den, particularly in large masses, as the self- colored sorts such, for instance, as Mrs. Allan Gray. ‘This variety is of a pale uniform pink- ish lilac, not so bright as Her Majesty, but of beautiful soft tone and silky texture. The medium-sized flowers are of a_ particularly neat and graceful outline, and the plant has the odd and delightful habit of often sending up a second crop of flower stems in August, generally considerably larger than the ones of June. Tvrautlieb is another self-colored lilac-pink, shading to white at the base of the petals; small, but charmingly clear and dainty in coloring. Lohengrin is the least pink and the largest of this group; a superb widely ex- panded, thick-petaled flower of rich silvery lilac, shading deeper on the falls; much the tone of a Cattleya Orchid, as the originator has noted. It goes without saying that these “pink”’ Irises should never be seen near the vivid yellow and red-brown variegatas, and in combining them with the lavender and violet sorts it 1s well to remember that it is best to use those approaching nearest to blue as they make the pink appear purer and more intense by contrast. Of the other English varieties, Caterina is a sort of variant on the incomparable pallida dalmatica; hardly an improvement, though a fine enough Iris in its own way. Its conical lavender standards are of a rather more blu- ish tone than dalmatica; the falls, long and drooping, instead of horizontal, are veined brownish at the base. Caterina is very frag- rant, and a remarkably tall grower—often four and one half feet. There are numberless other English sorts, some of which I have not tried, some I have tried and found wanting (like the atrocious Mrs. Arthur Dugdale, surely the ugliest Iris in existence) and still others that are at pres- ent hanging in the balance, like the strange hybrids of Iris paradoxa, Parvar and Paracina, wonderful in theis somber and velvety purple- blacks, but apparently difficult to handle and shy or uncertain bloomers. Last to bloom is the sumptuous Black Prince (or as it 1s some- times called in this country, Black Knight) introduced ten years ago, but still scarce and expensive, and still the finest of all the very dark purple germanica sorts. The Farr seedlings already referred to are some thirty in number, and as variable in merit as they are in size and color. Here, particularly, it must be largely a matter of personal taste in choosing “the best’’; never- theless, I think few will be disappointed in the kinds described below, though they might wonder at the omission of certain names. Of the thirty, five seem to me to be of the highest quality, comparable with any sorts now grown: White Knight, Anna Farr, Minne- Banas Quaker Lady, and Windham. In White Knight, originated by Prof. Saunders but dissembled by Farr, we have at last what has been so long needed—a late white Iris, as good in its season as the early-blooming florentina. It is solidly white, a big im- provement over such near-white sorts as Miss Willmot. Whether it surpasses Wal- lace’s new Kashmir White | do not know, never having seen the latter variety in bloom, but at least it would seem that White Knight is near enough to perfection to suit the most exacting. And as White Knight is the best of white Irises, so Anna Farr is the finest of the light colored sorts. Its standards are white, lightly bordered pale lavender-blue; its falls, thick and of a porcelain-like smooth- ness, are the same pure white, with a few lav- ender-blue markings at the base. A noble flower of great size and the highest beauty. Minnehaha, almost equally large and massive, possesses a coloring totally unlike any other Iris I have seen, with standards of a soft, pale creamy yellow ‘and falls of the same shade, deeply veined with converging lines of maroon. This should prove a valuable variety for use in hybridizing, for what we now most need in German Irises are large-flowering sorts in the pale and rich yellow shades of F lavescens and Nee Quaker Lady should be classed with Isoline for subtle and evanescent charm. Standards are a smoky lavender, with yellow shadings, falls an exquisite soft “‘ageratum’’ blue, shading to old gold at base, with a deep yellow beard. ‘Though the yellow shadings light up the flower as if with a golden flush from within, the whole effect is curiously soft and subdued. Windham, which might be called a glorified Queen of May, is undoubtedly the finest variety of its color. Standards are an ex- quisite clear, pale lilac-pink, falls deeper with still deeper veinings; both standards and falls shade to white at the base. As perfect in size, form and habit, as in coloring, Windham is indeed an Iris difficult to over praise. Very close in merit to the varieties just de- scribed are seven others: Mary Garden, Nav- ajo, Wyomissing, Montezuma, Pauline, Mary Gray, and Juniata. I have known persons who actually dis- liked the variety Mary Garden, but, bizarre as the coloring undoubtedly is, to me it has a decided fascination. Mr. Farr’s description is so accurate that [ quote it verbatim: “Standards pale yellow, flushed pale lav- ender; long drooping falls, creamy white, minutely dotted and veined maroon; stigmas clear yellow.” Navajo is a huge, striking flower, with bronze-yellow standards, and deep maroon falls lightly veined yellow—a sort of cruder and more startling edition of Iris King. Wyomissing, though hardly as remarkable as description or color plate would lead one to suppose, is nevertheless very distinct and delicate—a sort of pale flesh-color, with dull pinkish shadings and veinings at the base of the falls. It combines effectively with the well-known variety Mrs. H. Darwin. Another very large and imposing Iris from the same source is Pauline, whose silky petals are a solid, deep, rich mauve, contrasting oddly, yet effectively with its deep orange , beard. : Montezuma is almost as curious as Mary Garden, though hardly so fine. Again I quote the originator: “Standards deep golden, mi- nutely dotted brown; falls yellow and white, veined purple and_dotted brown: unique.” To which I should add that the total effect is a sort of metallic golden-bronze. Mary Gray and Juniata are obviously de- scendants of pallida dalmatica. The first, a large and lovely flower, is deeper and bluer in tone than dalmatica; Juniata is also deeper, but more purple, more on the order of Albert Victor. It is notable for its unusually tall flower stem—five feet—and for its luxuriant mass of long, drooping foliage. Glory of Reading, Lewis Trowbridge, Mt. Penn, Powhatan, Rose Unique, E. L. Crandall, and Pocahontas (the last two variations on the Anna Farr type) are all worth growing for one reason or another—the remaining seedlings are unimportant. [Discussion of plants other than IRIS will be continued next month.—Ep.| A Strawberry Specialist’s Intensive “Systems” 1B lal WUNILIBININONIE, iaee INTENSIVE BERRY CULTURE IN HAND TILLED BEDS YIELDING 40,000 QUARTS TO THE ACRE METHOD of strawberry growing that produces “at the rate of” 40,000 quarts to the acre, or even 10,000 to 20,000 quarts to the meas- ured acre, is worthy of attention. Tice C. Kevitt, the strawberry specialist, claims that his system will do this—and more. He is constantly studying the strawberry, experi- menting in new ways of handling it as a crop, and in the production and testing of new vari- eties. Thus it comes about that he has an “old system” and a ‘‘new system.” I say “has an old system,” because beds set under that plan are still fruiting. Look at the Old System ; ] ‘HERE is no question that the “old system” produced big berries and lots of them. Those familiar only with the matted row method of growing strawberries can hardly realize how quickly these big berries fll the baskets, which is what makes these heavy yields possible. Experienced hor- ticulturists, after careful examina- tion of the beds in full bearing, have estimated yields as high as 50,000 quarts to the acre. But the method involved a tremen- dous amount of hand labor, which is a drawback when operations are to be conducted on an extensive scale. By this old system, strongly rooted plants were set in beds five rows wide, just one foot apart each way, each plant thus occupying one square foot of space. The spaces between the beds were wide enough for a man to get through ' comfortably in doing the work. From these spaces, he could reach to the middle of the beds in hoeing and in picking the fruit, so he need never set foot in the beds. The runners are all kept off and the beds absolutely free from weeds. By this means, great strong-rooted stools are formed which go on producing year after year. Of course, fertilizers are applied, and the beds are mulched in the fall. So long as fertility is maintained and the plants are kept vigorous and in good health, so long may one expect good crops of fruit. One quart to the hill is a modest estimate with a good yielding variety, and I have seen hills of the Glen Mary that would produce much more. ‘This is certainly intensive culture. But to keep off all runners and cultivate entirely by hand requires much labor—a commodity not over-plentiful in the market, and costing much money. For the amateur with a small area, and able to give constant attention, it is a very good method. Now for the New System HAT Mr. Kevitt calls his ‘“‘new system” requires more plants to a given area, but arranges them differently so that a wheel hoe or hand cultivator may be used, and hand labor be reduced. In the new system, the rows are two feet apart, and three plants are set to each foot of row.. This is pretty close setting. [he plants may be potted or layers, and be set in late summer or fall. The photograph shows a field, set November 15th Jast, as it was on June 23d. The plants Strawberries grown by the “new system.” were carrying a heavy crop of fruit, and Mr. Kevitt estimated the yield at 10,000 quarts per acre which, I think, was conservative, if a good proportion matured. Double this yield is expected the second year. Here cer- tainly a crop is produced with a minimum of labor. Jt receives no cultivation till after the jirst crop 1s gathered. After setting, at any time before freezing weather, the rows, not the spaces between, are covered to a depth of three inches with coarse, strawy manure, swale hay or any good mulch, as a winter protection. As soon as the plants show life in the spring, the mulch is raked off the plants, but left close around them. After fruiting is over, they are cultivated and kept clean. The spaces are wide enough to allow the use of a hand cultivator. For continuous fruiting, the runners should be kept off; but, if new plants are desired, some may be allowed to grow. But no plant except the strawberry must be permitted. The commercial fer- oe ay aS. Variety Glen Mary tilizer used is dried blood and bone. essentials of this system are: (a) Fertile soil well filled with humus. (b) Strong, well-rooted plants. (c) Protective mulch during winter, to be kept around the plants during summer to con- serve moisture, keep down weeds and keep the fruit clean. (d) Moderate application of a_ suitable commercial fertilizer. (e) Frequent and during summer. The thorough cultivation See the Possibilities in This System? WHILE it may be as well to set the plants a little earlier, they may be put out after almost any crop is off in the fall, a crop of fruit be gathered early the next summer, and if desired, the ground plowed and late corn, cab- bage, or other fall-maturing crop be grown. Of course, after a strawberry bed 1s well estab- lished, it would be more profitable to keep it producing year after year. But the securing of the first crop before any cultivation is re- quired, gives a good margin of profit on the start. For horse cultivation, Mr. Kevitt recom- 20 Set out November 15th, photograph made June 23d. mends rows three feet apart and plants one or two feet apart in the rows. The Glen Mary is the variety usually grown for market as it is strong and vigorous in plant, a heavy bearer of large, handsome fruit that ripens through a long season. Mr. Kevitt says that in more than 20 years’ ex- perience and testing more than 100 varieties, he has never fruited any variety from which he has realized as much money. There are varieties of better quality which are preferable for the home garden. Of these, the Chesa- peake is one of the best though a little weak in plant. Mr. Kevitt had a “field day” June 23d (postponed from June 16th because of the lateness of the season) to give horticulturists generally an opportunity to inspect the re- sults attained, particularly by his “new sys- tem.” He also gave them the opportunity to pass upon the apparent merits and demerits of a large number of varieties of what he calls “a new race- of strawberry plants.” These were the selec- tions from 30,000: hybrid seed- lings grown in 1913. Several of them appear to have much merit, but more than one—or two—seasons are necessary to prove the worthiness of a new candidate. This is shown by the fact that last year a number of horticulturists selected Beal as the best of these seedlings, while this year several others appear more promising than that variety. Not only is more than one season required, but tests on a variety of soils and under varying climatic condi- tions are necessary. ‘The present season’s weather conditions are classed as very unfavorable. A Look at Some Novelties MONG these new hybrid varieties which some of the visiting horticulturists preferred to the Beal, are the Seitz, of a rich red color inside, with a strong vigorous plant growth; the Lobb, good but soft; Von Hinden- burg, which was preferred by one old market grower to any other; Frey, a finely colored dark berry; Davis, medium but of uniform size, heavy bearer, large hull, color good, made a most favorable impression; Runyon which showed up well. The ideal strawberry plant must have strong vitality to carry it through adverse as well as favorable weather conditions; must: have a mass of long, fibrous roots that go deep for moisture and plant food; must produce a large number of fruit crowns that: send out strong fruit stems to sustain the load of fruit; must be perfect-flowered; must have: strong and abundant foliage to protect the , fruit as well as to maintain the vigor of the plant; must send out strong runners to repro- duce its kind. » The fruit must be borne abundantly, be of a good bright red color, even the inside, firm in flesh, sweet and luscious, and of aromatic: flavor. For home use, a lack of firmness may be excused if superior quality be present. Possibly some one of these new seedlings may be the ideal for which we are looking—possibly!! Pa Saving Labor in Land Cultivation TRACTORS FOR GARDEN USE, THEIR POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS FOR GENERAL CROPS WHEN LABOR IS. SCARCE HE urgent ap- peal of the Ad- ministration for largely in- ‘creased acreages of food crops was won- derfully responded to by a vastly greater army of volunteers than will be called to the colors. Within a few days after the Call to the Farms, millions of acres hitherto used for parks, lawns and or- namental gardens were ‘scarred deep with the plow, and the deep scars were smoothed with har- tows, and dedicated to the production of “things to eat.” The successful pro- duction of food crops requires fertile soil, a properly prepared seed bed, seed en- dowed with strong vitality, and work. Once the young vege- tables have pushed their tender leaves above their earthy bed, they must have constant care to bring them to maturity in profitable quantities to re- pay the gardener for his outlay of time and effort. The most perfect seed bed, planted with carefully selected seed of greatest pos- sible vitality, and started under ideal growing conditions will repay only with losses if fre- quent weeding, cultivation, and spraying are overlooked. When the crops have ripened they must be harvested at the proper time—neither too early nor too late; in weather that is neither too damp nor too cold. Summed up in a word, the successful, profit- able growing of food crops depends most largely upon labor. The urban dweller, depending upon his own individual efforts, may bring a quarter acre garden to maturity by devoting an hour morning and evening, and all of Saturday afternoons to his task. If he is the father of a couple of half-grown boys he may in- crease this to half or three quarters of an acre. . One man steadily employed as care- taker of a small estate may, with the owner’s The oid way and the new. The engine-driven For hauling loads around the grounds. machine is always ready and needs but little attention when Hot in use The small gasolene driven machine designed to surplant the horse in cultivating moderate-sized areas assistance, make an acre garden. But above an acre competent labor must be employed. Where is labor, skilled in crop growing for pleasure and profit, to be obtained? A million able-bodied men are called to arms. The farms require an army of laborers to make and mar- ket the commercial crops. The speeding up of factories furnish employment for all who will work. Competent help is scarce and will grow to greater demand when the Government is well started in filling its requirements. Where, then, shall the grower of food crops look for relief? The small farm tractor—humble brother to the pleasure automobile. Necessity, mother of invention, gave birth to the farm tractor for general use but a few years ago. True steam tractors came into limited use shortly following the Civil War, but these we will pass over with this brief mention. The internal combustion engine, fed with gasolene, which made the automobile, the motor boat, and the aeroplane possible, also became the heart of the farm tractor. And while to-day gasolene flows through the main arteries to the heart of this powerful machine, kerosene is fast replacing gasolene as fuel, and distillates are used in very limited quantities. The power of the motor is directed to wheels or “crawlers”’ by reducing gears. The wheels furnish support for the mechanism and give traction to the machine so that it becomes the motive power which draws the plow, harrow, cultivator, and harvester upon the land. A separate gear engaging at the will of the operator, supplies power for belt-operated machinery while the tractor stands at “parade rest.” While more than 100 firms are building farm tractors in considerable or small numbers, one can count upon the fingers of one hand the tractors which are adaptable for the farm of 50 acres or less. A great majority of tractors are 21 FRANK E. GOODWIN Missouri designed to serve farm owners whose acres number from 120 acres to as many thousands. The choice of tractors which may relieve the burdens of the man with few acres is re- stricted to three or four makes of ma- chines, each of which is vastly different from the other. Up to this time, and probably for some years to come, it has been necessary to build tractors of heavy weight to pro- vide tractive power sufficient to pull the implement or tool for work in the field. In almost every case it has required half of the motor’s power to move the weight of the tractor itself. Thus it is that a tractor, operated with a motor of ten rated mechanical horse- power, will only provide five rated horsepower at the drawbar—the mechanical term of de- noting the pulling power of the tractor. But it must be distinctly understood that rated horsepower is not the same as animal horsepower. A Catalogue with a Conscience — Offers such kinds of plants, roots and bulbs only, as have measured up to thehighest standards of the most critical trade. I replace anything that is not thoroughly satisfactory. On that basis I solicit your orders for above Irises and your request for the free catalogue. RALPH E. HUNTINGTON Painesville Ohio = North Abington, Mass. DN NNUAL UNA Advertisers will uppreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in wriling—and we will, loo. a The fibrous vigor-giv- ing tlets of Bay NICSCries Siae bce ay a big backbone-factor. 672 Adams Street — — — — = — — — —> — — — —— — — — — — —— — — iz i 24 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE AveuwustT, 1917 Ziti rN ’ ‘) 2 Tall Bearded For Immediate Planting Iris Five New Kinds of Rare Beauty Isoline (Squalens) Standards, soft pink; Falls, deep old-rose, yellow throated; very large and striking flower. Award of Merit, London. $1.25 each. Lohengrin (Pallida) Standards and Falls, in shades of Cattleya- Mauve; petals translucent and very re- sponsive to strength or softness of the light. 3 ft. Award of Merit, London, 1915.—$1.00 each. Mrs. Alan Gray (Cengialti X Queen of May) Standards and Falls, soft lilac; one of the most beautiful; unique in usually blooming again in late July and August. 23 ft. $1.00. Rhein Nixe (Amoena) Standards clear white; Falls rich rasp- berry purple with distinct white edge. Tall, vigorous branched spikes; 33 ft. Award of Merit, London, 1915. 50c each. Storm Cloud (Squalens) Standards pale dove gray, Falls deep violet; very large and handsome; 24 to 3 ft. $1.00 each. Special Offer One plant each of the above vari- eties, delivered to any ad- dress in the United States, $5 Rrepaidy tormece eerie Our list of standard varieties while not one of the largest, is the most select in the country. Catalogue containing full descriptions forwarded to any address on receipt of address. These Iris are sold under our usual guarantee of being absolutely true to name or replaced free of charge Charles H. Totty “The Novelty Man’’ Madison New Jersey 000010 (ce (2 = COMING EVENTS LUB &S@LIETY NEWS ; Meetings and Lectures in August (Following dates are meetings unless otherwise specified) Minnesota Garden Flower Society at Como Park, St. Paul, by announcement. 2 Marshfield, Mass., Garden Club. Garden Club of Lawrence, Lawrence, L. I. Sub- ject: Sweet Peas and Lilies. et Pasadena, Cal., Horticultural Society. 4. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y., Lecture: Floral and Scenic Features of Cuba. 6. Lenox, Mass., Garden Club. New Bedford, Mass., Horticultural Society. lade Lake Geneva, Wis., Gardeners’ & Foremen’s As- sociation. Garden Club of Pleasantville, N. Y. 8. Short Hills, N. J., Garden Club. Lenox, Mass., Horticultural Society. Nassau Co. Horticultural Society, Glen Cove, L. I. 10. Westchester N. Y. & Fairfield Conn. Horticultural Society. 11. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. Lecture: Books on Gardening. Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., Horticultural Society. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Boston, Mass. Gladiolus and Phlox Exhibition. Uk} Park Garden Club, Flushing, L. I. Rochester, N. Y., Florist Association. New Rochelle, N. Y., Garden Club. New York Florists’ Club, New York City, N. Y. 16. Marshfield, Mass., Garden Club. 11-12. | 17. Pasadena, Cal., Horticultural Society. California Dahlia Society, San Francisco, Cal. 18. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. Lecture: Trees and Flowers of the Yellowstone National Park. 20 Lenox, Mass., Garden Club. 21-23. Thirty-third Annual Convention and Trade Exhibition of the Society of American Florists. Grand Central Palace, and Botanical Garden, 23-26. American Gladiolus Society, Syracuse, N. Y. Annual Meeting and Exhibition. Horticultural Society of New York, New York City, N. Y. Exhibition and Lecture. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. Exhibition of Gladioli. 25. Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., Horticultural Society. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. Lecture: Insect Enemies of Plants. 27. Park Garden Club, Flushing, L. I. Great Horticultural Meeting in New York Tas year sees the Thirty-third Annual Convention and Trade Exhibition of the Society of American Florists in New York. There are two phases of attraction to the public: The regular trade exhibit which will be held in the Grand Cen- tral Palace, New York City, August 21st to 23rd, where also the principle sessions of the Society will take place. Simultaneously there will be the Convention Gar- den for which purpose the attractive location has been accorded by the Director of the New York Botanical Garden in Bronx Park. The display here consists of exhibits of growing plants established well in advance of the Convention and which form a more or less permanent display. The accompanying map shows definitely the loca- tion of the various exhibits, and by reference to the key numbers the visitor can readily ascertain the nature of the various displays. In conjunction with this organization there are also meetings of various afhliated associations, and in particu- lar the Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the American Gladiolus Society, when the excep- tionally valuable prize list is offered in this division. ° ; _ The garden lovers visiting New York dur- ing the period of the Convention will be amply repaid by a visit to the Convention Garden as The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Gardening they will there see a demonstration in growing specimens naturally planted of many of the novelties of plants and flowers in season. Further particulars concerning the Na-— tional organization can be obtained from John Young, Secretary, 53 West 28th Street; in connection with the Gladiolus Exhibit from Henry Youell, Cedar Street, Syracuse, Secretary of the American Gladiolus Society. A map of the Convention Garden is given herewith, the number references to the ex- hibits being as follows: 1, B. Hammond Tracy, Gladiolus—z, Vaughan’s Seed Store, Gladiolus—3, B. Hammond Tracy, Glad- iolus—4, John Lewis Childs, Gladiolus—s, Conard & Jones Co., Cannas—6, A. N. Pierson, Inc., Phloxes—7, 8, 9, do., Roses— 10, do., Phloxes—11, Arthur T. Boddington, Cannas—12, Vaughan’s Seed Store, Cannas —13, B. Hammond Tracy, Gladiolus—14, Vaughan’s Seed Store, Gladiolus—15, B, Hammond Tracy, Gladiolus—16, Arthur Cowee, Gladiolus—17, Arthur T. Boddington. Cannas—18, John Lewis Childs, Lycoris squamigera—19, Raymond W. Swett, new seedling Dahlias—20, American Bulb Co., Cannas—21 to 27, Vaughan’s ‘Seed Store, Cannas—28, W. A. Manda, miscellaneous plants—z9, Thos. Meehan & Sons, Mallows —30, Bobbink & Atkins, Mallows—31, Wm. Tricker, Aquatics. Rose Garden for Portland, Ore. A GROUP of people representing ninety- nine different organizations of the city, including the Royal Rosarians, the Portland Rose Society, the Portland Chamber of Com- merce, the Portland Floral Society, The Ro- tary Club, the Research Club, the American Institute of Architects, the Parents’ and Teachers’ Association, met January 11 and organized a Portland Association National Rose Test Garden. The cooperation of the’ city government comes through its Park De- partment. The Rose Test Garden is part of the propa- ganda of the American Rose Society and at a CONVENTION GARDEN 1917 NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN SOUTHERN BOULEVARD meeting on Febuary 8th it was officially ac- cepted as the test garden for the Pacific Northwest and with the local organization ap- pointed Mr. Currey, Mr. Clark, and Mr. Tucker, which committee together with the Portland Association and the City Govern- ment of Portland will formulate plans for the location and government of the garden and provide rules and regulations for all tests and contests. AuvausmT, 1917 THE GARDEN MEAG G Ay ZINE 25 ‘SHADE AND PRIVACY Around Your Home There is no need that you should, for one single day, be without the comforting screen of big evergreens! Twenty years ago we decided to eliminate the waiting phase from home land- Z scape making. With the help of Hicks Big Trees you can enjoy the blue sky, the white : clouds and the cool breezes around your home this summer without being disturbed by sights, sounds and the dust of every passing automobile or by adjacent buildings. C Suburban places of Europe are surrounded by high brick walls. We Side Walls can give you walls that cost less and are more beautiful, a wall of fragrant Firs, Pines or other Evergreens. August is a good time to plant them. You can get the best selection of trees and you can arrange them while you are on your country - place, while your gardener is not as busy as in the spring. Make'the sidewall of your out- door room an Evergreen Boundary. 6 to 16 feet tall. Our representative will call, help solve your tree problems and stake out your ground ac- cording to your ideas. Evergreens of the kind we offer may be shipped safely a thou- sand miles. Our stocks embrace all sizes. It took us twenty years to get them in shape for you. Satisfactory growth is guaran- teed, since our trees THE GLEN ROAD IRIS GARDENS Wellesley Farms, Mass, Big Shade Trees We will deliver and plant, within fifty miles of New York and anywhere list only New Introduc- tions and the finest Standard Varieties. Hardy Guaranteed Trees and Plants. We guarantee our trees to make the growth the planter has the right to expect. This means: You plant our trees properly, give them due care and attention, and then if any of them fail to grow as you have reason to expect, we will replace them without charge. You are the judge of what you should expect. “Inside Facts of Profitable Fruit Growing”’ and ‘‘How to Beautify Your Home Grounds’’ sent prepaid for 10 cents each. WILLIAM P. STARK NURSERIES Box 498, Stark Cty Mo, have been so thor- oughly prepared that records show almost no loss, mak- ing free replacing necessary. Write for free book, “‘Evergreens for Summer Planting’’ on Long Island with the guarantee that they will grow satisfactorily, 2 Sil- ver Lindens, 18 ft. tall and 2 Norway Maples, 20 ft. tall, all 8 ft. broad trees, 15 years old, that we will move in full leaf for $so. You may pick them out yourself, Because Hicks’ Nurseries are famous for Big Trees do Hicks Nurseries “The Home of Big Trees’’ Westbury, L. I., N. Y. not satel: that is all we grow. grow thousands of all s, from roc up. Learn to ook upon Hicks’ Nurseries as your Plant and a ree De- partment Store. omplete nursery catalogue a request. Write us TO-DAY. Box M PEONIES Fifteen fine named Peonies for $2.50, or 25 for $5.00, all different and truly labeled, a chance to obtain a fine collec- tion at half price, comprising such varieties as Festiva Max- ima, Delachei, Achillea, Lady L. Bramwell, Couronne d’Or, Prolifica Tricolor, Louis Van Houtte, and various other fine Fairfax Roses Do you want an abundance of roses all summer? ‘Then plant Fairfax Roses. They are grown slowly under natural conditions (not forced) will bloom the first season for you under ordinary care, and will be a con- stant delight for many years. Book on request giving instructions as to Pot Grown Strawberry Plants Plants set out in July and August will : * 3 to} give a good crop of berries next season. All the best Varieties; pot grown. 25 for $1. 100 for $3.50 by express Descriptive Catalogue mailed free. W. E. MARSHALL & CO. Seedsmen sorts. With any order of above for $5. oo I will include one plant of Baroness Shroeder, free. I have the largest stock in America of Lady Alexandra Duff (absolutely true) and many other fine varieties. Send for catalogue. W.L. GUMM, Peony Specialist Remington, Indiana 1 \V\VALLACE’S latest com- plete Illustrated Iris Booklet. the proper method of growing roses. W. R. GRAY Box 6 Oakton, Virginia 166 W. 23d St. New York Carpenter e@ CanErectit snes ae — Mn EIT Be Uy) Now ready for distribution. -~ All construction questions are worked out, the material 1s cut-to-ft ? ; exactly, the plans are before him, and the owner knows he will get a perfect green- This limited edition H house; ‘designed by experts, complete in every particular, and of best materials possible—all combined in will be mailed gratis y ; At Low upon request. // Callahan CUT-TO-FIT Greenhouses “cox They solve the question for the man who knows the advantages of under glass growing. In any size needed. Low freight classification helps keep the price down. Callahan Sectional Greenhouses for your home may be erected by any handy man. Tell us your needs. We have a house for any grower, professional or amateur. Write for particulars. THE CALLAHAN DUO-GLAZED SASH CO. _132 Fourth St., Dayton, Ohio Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too JOHN SCHEEPERS & COMPANY Flowerbulb Specialists 2 Stone St., New York City 26 | THE GARDEN MAGAZINE AuGcust, 1917 IA HATA Wolcott's Hardy Plants Srl UIA na IN Hardy Plants rule supreme with us. Because we cannot grow them all, we only grow those most dependable under all conditions of soil and climate. We endeavor to offer the newest and choicest of the dependable standards and every plant we sell is guaranteed true-to-name. Our greatest hobby is Primroses to Plant this Fall for Spring Bloom Among the rarer sorts, the following are particularly charming and suitable for immediate planting:— Beesiana, purple with yellow eye, 75c. each. Bulleyana, golden yellow, shaded orange, 50c. Capitata, violet blue, dusted white, soc. Denticulata, very large lilac, soc. ‘‘Red Hugh,”’ exceedingly choice, fiery scarlet, $1. “‘Mrs, Berkeley,’’’ pale blush with saffron eye, 75c. Special Offer: We will send one strong plant of each of the above selected sorts for $3. A Booklet Hele a sey modest free booklet, pu ’ * ull of facts about our “pets,” the You'll Enjoy choicest hardy plants the world affords. Grown under ideal, yet exacting conditions by people who love plants, Wolcott’s Hardy Plants are differ- ent from the commercial product. Let our booklet and plants convert you into a hardy plant enthusiast. Write TO-DAY. Wolcott Nurseries Jackson, Mich. MM NNN re LUTTON GREENHOUSES Give 100% a, Attractive Satisfaction oe pence Particu- lars upon Tequest WM. H. LUTTON CO. 263-269 Kearney Ave. Jersey City, N. J. Horticultural Architects and Builders Greenhouses Conservatories Cold Frames Iron Fence a Modem Necessity GET OUR BOOK RON FENCE protects lawns and flowers, increases property values, compels cleanliness. It keeps chil- dren safe from automobile speed maniacs and pro- tects careful drivers from careless children. There are many imperative reasons why you need Stren’ fence IRON FENCE ‘The Standard of the World” Write for our De Luxe*Book of Modern Architectural L Designs in Iron Fence, Gates, and Lawn Furniture. Exact styles to harmonize with special types of archi- tecture found in modern residences, country estates, town houses, public and commercial buildings. This book is sent free. Get your copy to-day. The Stewart Iron Works Company, Inc. 655 Stewart Block CINCINNATI, OHIO “The World’s Greatest Iron Fence Builders” J If a problem grows in your garden write to the Readers’ Service for assistance Old-Time Southern Recipes J. M. PATTERSON HE work of food production still goes on, and this month every one should be busy preparing for their winter gardens, but there is much to be done for the preservation of food. Because of the difficulty of getting the tin and glass containers other methods have been devised for the preservation of food and the Government had recently issued a bulle- tin on the subject of drying food stuffs. But our mothers and grandmothers had de- vised means for the preservation of food, and we are turning to them in our dilemma and are bringing to light a number of good old- time receipts. Therefore if the tin cans and glass jars are reserved for the succulent vegetables, the others can be conserved by drying and may be packed in/earthen jars or in tin or paste- board boxes lined with oil paper. Dried Fruit Begin drying fruits just as soon as the seed matures, or as soon as the fruit is two-thirds ripe, and continue as long as you can handle it without mashing to a pulp. Caution—In drying either fruits or vege- tables in the sun, screen wire or mosquito netting should be stretched over a suitable frame to keep out the flies and other insects} and everything, of course, must be scrupu- lously clean if a superior flavored, healthy and wholesome product is desired. Dried Cherries. Stone the cherries and spread on dishes Put them in the hot sun. (Look after them occasionally for fear of worms having been in some of the cherries. To safe- guard against this put them in a hot oven for five or ten minutes.) (When dried sprinkle sugar on them and pack in stone jars.) Peach Chips. Peel and slice peaches thin, boil them until clear in a syrup made with half their weight in sugar, lay them on dishes in the sun and turn them until dry. Pack them in earthern jars or tin boxes or cans with powdered sugar sifted over each layer. Should there be syrup left, continue the process with other peaches. They are very nice when cooked with pure honey instead of sugar. There is an excellent old time receipt for the preservation of tomatoes called Tomato Paste. Tomato Paste. Take perfectly sound and ripe tomatoes, scald and take off skins; put them in a colander to drain and pour off the thin liquor that drains from them. Press the tomatoes through a sieve. Put in a kettle and boil slowly until reduced to thick pulp. Spread this on large bread pans and either dry out in the oven or in a modern evaporator or in the sun until it is a stiff paste. In the latter case, be careful to cover all with cheese cloth or fine wire netting to keep out in- sects. This can be rolled in a sheet or cut in squares and kept in earthern jars, the tops tied over with a cloth, or in close tin boxes and cans lined with oil paper. If preferred the paste need not be dried, but can be put in wide mouthed bottles, after being boiled down thick, and sealed while hot. This paste can be used in the winter for a number of things: by adding water, as seasonings for soup, or with bread crumbs for a baked dish, and as a basis for sauces. Fruit Leather made of any kind of fruit is not only a delicious confection, but does not require sugar except in the case of very sour fruit, and if soaked in water several hours and cooked a few minutes can be eaten with cream or made into various desserts. Strawberry Leather. Take thoroughly ripe strawberries, mash to a pulp, spread on platters and dry in the sun or oven; when dry, dust with powdered sugar and roll up like a jelly cake, cut into suitable sized pieces and pack away in jars. This may be eaten as a confection or soaked in water and used for pies, short cake, sauce, tarts, etc., etc. [The powdered sugar is a matter of taste and may be left out if desired. To dry strawberries put the berries in a moderate oven, heat through thoroughly, but not enough to become soft and juicy, spread out in the sun or finish in the oven. Treat blackberries and dewberries exactly the same as recommended for straw- berries. Ifa seedless roll is desired, this may be done by press- ing the pulp through a fine sieve before drying. Peaches, Pears, Apples, Plums, and Quinces or any fruit can be made into leather in the above manner and either rolled in sugar or cut in squares and put away in tin boxes or cans which are lined with oil paper. Next month we will continue the subject HDOGUUAUOUOECSNUOOUUUOUDOOUSOUNTOOORDOONAUSOUNEOSDONODSOVEONV ER POU POE ee td = Protect the Growing Things Now, while they are at their best, is the time to give them the necessary pro- tection that preserves their beauty and lengthens their life. Guard them with FENCES, BED-GUARDS trellises, tree-guards, ete. Made of extra heavy steel wires, held tightly together by patented steel clamps. Heavily galvan- ized AFTER making, which prevents rust. Ask your hardware dealer Write us for catalogue B _ | WORCESTER | MASS. THNTALOOLOOH CET ON’T wait till next } Spring. ( August and September are ideal months. Good full rooted, plump topped trees cost so little more than poor ones, why not have them? Send for Evergreen Help Hint Booklet. ulius Roehrs Co At The Sign of The Tree PLANT IRIS’ this fall, and you will have vigorous clumps and strong blooms next summer. Our beautiful collection is one of the largest in America and comprises over 150 varieties. Send for catalogue. THE WING SEED CO. Box 1426 Mechanicsburg, Ohio GERMAN IRIS 12 choice varieties including Aurea, Darius, Exquisite, Florentina, Johan de Witt, Pallida dalmatica, Queen of May and others equally choice for $1.00. 25 in 25 varieties for $2.00. Send for list of Iris and Peonies Geo. N. Smith, Wellesley Hills, Mass. ‘Davey Tree Surge ies Tree Surgery The Davey Tree Expert Co. 1204 Elm St., Kent, O. ; j ons Sources a Aveust, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE PE VE R GREENS—An Investment | | Annuals are good, perennials are better, but evergreens __|/| are best and we have never met a man who could dis- _ | pute this. Properly selected and carefully planted ever- __ |i greens serve generations. They are highly ornamental _ || 365 days in the year and each year sees them increasein || beauty, usefulness and value. Plant Them NOW! August transplanting is an assured success when our oft- transplanted, carefully nursed and root-pruned speci- mens are used. Practical suggestions which kinds to | choose for different purposes and thorough instructions how to plant them yours to command in a Free Treatise. DREER’S Mid-Summer Catalogue offers the best varieties and gives directions for planting in order to raise a full crop of Strawberries next year; also offers Celery and Cabbage Plants, Seasonable, Vegetable, Flower and Farm Seeds for summer sowing, Potted Plants of Roses, Hardy Perennials, and Shrubbery which may safely be set out during the summer; also a select list of sea- sonable Decorative Plants. i i] j LLL Wi LA Aor we ee O 2 For exposed hillsides or slopes, few Austrian Pine, evergreens equal Austrian Pine e (shown alongside) in usefulness. Scotch Pine Very beautiful when adored with 5 5 3 new growth. Scotch Pines are Uniform Prices for Austrian even more rapid growers than Austrian Pine, equally hardy and and Scotch Pines, as ornamental. f ll § Besides treatise mentioned above, our free catalogue is at your dis- OllOWS: posal. It presents the cumulative experience obover a century an 3 the nursery business. Describes as complete and perfect a stock 0 2 to 2} feet tall, each $1.00; $9.00 for 10 evergreens as ever grew in 800 acre nurseries. Please ask for it. | 2% to 3 feet tall, each $1.25; $10.00 for 10 Write for a free copy and kindly mention this publication 3 to 4 feet tall, each $2.50; $17.50 for 10 AMERICAN NURSERY COMPANY, Inc. | Henry A. Dreer All symmetrical specimens, carefully dug and 800 Acres—at Flushing, L. I. and Springfield, N. J. | x 3 im packed with lenge Dall of carey Behe arrival in Sains Omics Sineer Buildine Noy. | Philadelphia, Pa. good growing condition guaranteed. g 8, IN. Te _ DUTCH BULBS | are coming! The Quality of “Diamond Brand” Bulbs of r917 crop promises to be superfine! We are not so sure about the Quantity, but hope enough will reach us to go around. - To popularize the giant-flower- Special Offer :— ing DARWIN 'TULIPS we will mail 12 blooming bulbs each of CLARA BUTT, clear salmon pink, PRIDE OF HAARLEM, deep rose shaded scarlet and GRETCHEN, very light salmon, $1 36 fine bulbs in ull, postpaid for. FREE:—Treasures of Bulbland describes the choicest Hyacinths, Tulips, Daftodils, etc. Delive-y in September. Write for your “copy TO-DAY. |_Ey BULB CO., 32 Broadway, N. Y. PRINKLERS . CUE ye You Can Grow Vegetables, if you read Vegetable Lore By Maurice Fuld JAX NEW monthly magazine devoted exclusively 6 to the subject of ‘“‘Vegetable Gardening by a the Amateur.” Just the information you need to make your + ae. for Every Need little garden successful. f\ Wea Simple, compact and effective “rain- Subscription $1.00 per year 15 makers” that do good work under all con- Sample copies mailed free Niel ditions. Let them help youmake your gar- : “le dens bountiful and your lawns beautiful. MAURICE FULD, 1457 Prosi, New York Ne TeAT SMALL COS Tins Y Nang % Py J f ‘ gy re ASS There are four types, each made in several sizes. $6.85 Ses aon will buy a perfect * ‘Border Mist”? Junior Sprinkler. A : “Garden Rain” Machine at $15.75 provides as complete an outfit as one may wish. We guarantee every sprink- ler. Write for descriptive folder—free. THE SKINNER IRRIGATION COMPANY Phone 5220 Franklin 131 Hudson St., New York CA i SC MOON’S SHRUBBERY Softens the angular lines of house foundations, increases the intrinsic alue of the hone. besides the pride afforded in beautifying lyour property. Ask for Catalogue No. A. 3 THE WM. H. MOON CO., Nurserymen { | { sf a > OR PLANTS give a crop of finest berries in two ae : to ten months from planting—the Everbearing varieties in two S enilis: the others the following June. A full list of the best varieties, includ- ing the remarkable Van Fleet Hybrids, covering the whole season from earliest to latest. Our booklet No. 2 of Pot-Grown Strawberries tells all about them; how to prepare the ground and cultivate. IT IS FREE. If you would have bigger and better strawberries than your neighbors or you have ever had before, plant LOVETT’S POT- GROWN STRAWBERRY PLANTS. Strawberry Specialists J T, LOVETT, Box 125, Little Silver, N. J. Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 28 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE ! Spel Timely te Let us turn, for the moment, to that side of gardening appealing to the mind rather than to the more material senses. The response to our previous appeals for more and bigger and better vegetable gardens has been gratifying. But, so long as there are gardens, so long will we have flower beds that help brighten the world and cheer our lives. So, this month, let us call attention to Flower Seeds for Present Planting August is the month of the year to start Peren- nials from seeds. Perennials are those flowers that are perfectly har- dy and come again year after year. You will find two pages full of them de- scribed in our Mid-Summer Catalogue, offered free below. S. & W. Co’s. Giant Pansies Sown during August, will live through the winter with but shght protection. Wintered over in a cold frame they will begin to bloom early in March. Out- doors in beds, they begin to favor us with glorious fow- ers, 23 to 3 inches in diameter, from early in May until real hot weather. Try these: Giant Winter Mixed, for early flowers in frames. Pkt. 250. World’s Best Mixture, finest we know. PAt. 25¢. Masterpiece, grand strain with frilled lowers. Pkt.25c. Bulbs to Plant NOW! For August planting in pots, for house culture and Christmas Howers, try: Freesia, Purity, the delightfully fragrant favorite, mammoth size, Doz. 60c.; $3.50 per 100. Plant six to twelve bulbs in a 6 inch pan. Roman Myacintns, the earliest of all to bloom and easiest to grow. White. $1.25 per doz., $8.00 per gu Lf fi 100. Narcissus, Giant Paper-White, fine for growing in water,with pebbles to support bulbs. Large Bulbs, 5c. each; soc. per doz.; $2.75 per 100. Jumbo Kbulbs, 10c. each; 75¢. per doz., $3.50 per 100. For planting direct into the garden: Madonna Lilies (Lilium candidum), choice, northern grown bulbs, sure to thrive and hardy as oaks, mam- moth bulbs, 15¢. each; $1.50 per doz., $10.00 per 100. All prices postpaid. Seasonable Suggestions for the Vegetable Garden August brings the eleventh hour opportunity to pro- vide root crops for winter storage. Extra Early Sorts of Beets, Carrots, Kohlrabi and Turnips will still reach good size from seeds before frost injures them. Our stock of all of them is complete. We also offer late Cabbage, Cauliflower and Celery Plants. By setting out S. & W. Co’s sturdy potgrown strawberry plants this month, you gain a year’s time. To familiarize yourself with August garden possibilities, write to-day for our Midsummer Catalogue I RE Interesting, instructive, prac- tical. Tells what'to plant at this time of the year and how to do it. Offers timely accessories and implements which the home gardener needs most right now. We also have ready for mailing our new ‘‘Advance Bulb Catalogue’”’ of Dutch, French, Japanese and American grown Bulbs. Write for both books to-day or just say “put my name on your mailing list.’ We will understand. ‘Stumpp & Walter Co. *New York “7 Spraying Kills Young Squash Bugs HE common squash bug, sometimes called the black squash bug to dis- tinguish it from the striped squash or melon bug, is a serious pest in gardens. at times. A farmer recently related to me his experi- ences in attempting to grow not only squashes but melons and other cucurbits. He claimed that these bugs utterly destroyed his crop for him so that after several attempts he had given up growing these particular vege- tables. The squash bug is a menace from the time the plant appears above ground until the crop is harvested. The newly started plant is attacked by the adults which have win- tered over. The damage done by the squash bug is this: they are sucking insects extract- ing the plants’ juices for subsistence, and wherever the bug punctures a leaf to feed, it injects a little fluid supposed to be saliva which is poisonous to the plant, killing the leaf about the puncture. For this reason it is more serious on young plants than on old ones because of the fewer leaves. It is not uncommon to find young plants killed by a few punctures. The squash bug is a hard insect to fight. Poisons will not do the work because it does not chew. The adult beetles are almost impossible to reach by spraying, handpick- ing and trapping them being about the only methods of destroying them. I have always managed to prevent serious damage by laying shingles about the garden where the squash bug is working. They will gather on the under side, particularly on cool fall nights, and if the garden is visited early in the morn- ing they can be scraped off into a pail having kerosene in it. Destroying vines after the fruit is gathered is also a very material help. in keeping down the pest. The young can be killed by spraying the vines with kerosene emulsion, diluting the stock solution with eight to ten parts of water. The time when the young are present varies with the latitude. The adult appears in this latitude late in June and commences to lay eggs very shortly. It takes the eggs from eight to thirteen days to hatch, so that the young appear early in July. As soon as they appear spraying should be resorted to. Where this squash bug bothers melons or cucumbers, a trap crop of early squashes planted alongside of the melons will prove far more attractive to the bug, so that little or no damage is done to the melons. Repellants are sometimes used and with success. Land plaster or gypsum saturated with kerosene or turpentine makes a com- bination that the squash bug does not care to associate with. Penna. H. CLarkE. Wuere radishes, mustard, cress, cabbage, or other plants of the mustard family have been growing early in the season or last season use carrots, beets, celery, or some other crop of a different plant family. The mustard family is subject to a disease called club which lives in the soil and often does serious damage when plants of the family follow each other closely. ‘ AuGcusT, 1917 A delightful handbook for “‘How to rose lovers. Tells how to 90 plant, prune, spray, etc Grow Roses Editor Barron of the Garden : Magazine, says: ‘“The book 1s a very thorough round-up of what the amateur wants to know about roses.’”’ Library edition, 121 pages—16 in natural colors. @ Sent postpaid for $1. Contains coupon worth $1 with $5 order for plants. Order now. @ CONARD Box ROSES & Jones Co. 24 West Grove, Pa. Rob’t Pyle, Pres. A. Wintzer, Vice-Pres Rose Specialists Backed by 50 years’ experience Just a little “patch” will yield these luscious berries allsummer Strawberry plants set out this summer will bear abundantly next year. Complete cultural directions are given in our Midsummer Garden Guide —also valuable information Arthur’ T. é about Seasonable Seeds, Boddington Co., Inc. Bulbs for fall planting, insecti- Dept. G. cides, implements etc. Write 128 Chambers St., N.Y. for a copy, to-day A Charming Birdbath of Artificial Stone fifteen inches square, three inches thick, hollowed out round two and one half ; a inches deep in centre sloping to three-eighths at edge. Inexpensive, Practical, Artistic. Price $2.00. Three for $5.50, f. o. b. Verona W. H. BAYLES Verona, New Jersey INGEE ROSES Sturdy as Oaks Dingee roses are always grown on their own roots —and are absolutely ¢#e dest for the amateur planter. Send to-day for our “New Guide to Rose Culture” for 1917 —it’s free. It isn’t a catalog—it’s a practical work on rose growing. Profusely illustrated. Describes over 1000 varieties of roses and other flowers, and tells how to grow them. Safe delivery guaranteed. Established 1850. 70 greenhouses. THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., Box 837, West Grove, Pa. am oN WP A Garden Library for a Dollar and a Quarter Bound volumes of THE GARDEN MAGA- ZINE represent the last word on gardening. It is really a loose leaf cyclopedia of horti- culture. You are kept up to date. Save your copies of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE and let us bind them for you. There is a new volume every six months, and Vol. 24 is ready now. Send your magazines by Parcel Post and we will supply index, and bind them for you for $1.25. If you have not kept all of the numbers, we will supply the missing copies at 25c each, or we will supply the bound volume complete for $2.00. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE can be of more service this year than ever before, and you can get most out of the magazine when you bind it, and keep it in permanent form. Address: Circulation Department GARDEN MAGAZINE, Garden City, N.Y. NR ee AAA AAAAQQ°00nq»wa°qq°nx°x°i°iAM AMMA AQ w nw nnwn wn nw wong nnn ngwwwngwn we voy nwa wwe ogy The Readers’ Service is prepared to help you solve your gardening problems AvuGcustT, 1917 wa Serviceable Attractions! Garages with Pergola Features, and other Suitable Things for Beautifying Home Grounds PERGOLAS and Lattice Fences Garden Houses a Gates and Arbors When writing enclose 10c and: ask for catalogue, a -30”" NOW is the Time to Plan Plantings— whether you plant this fall or next spring! Trees and Plants that are adapted to Wisconsin, Illinois, lowa and Minnesota are our Specialties. Varieties that are hardy here will succeed anywhere. Many things can be safely | Saw SFTP SHI planted in the fall in this latitude. Some cannot. Let us advise with you regarding this. | escriptl eulole ruits g als, wi val : ee icrdecieentestoltlelWorld’s\Work, The New Country Our illustrated descriptive book, Hardy Fruits and Ornamentals, will be of value to you i] Life and The Garden Magazine in your town. Your spare Write to-day stating what line of nursery stock interests you | HARTMANN-SANDERS CO. Factory and Main Office, 2155-87 Elston Ave., Chicago New York City office 6 East 39th Street time thus invested will be profitable; liberal commissions. Address Circulation Dept. Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City, New York The Coe, Converse & Edwards Company Nursery Landscape Men Box D, Ft. Atkinson, Wisconsin TULIP BULBS, Postpaid While my stock lasts, I can sell, price per 100: OF ALPINES AND ROCK A PLANTS from the rugged slopes of the Rocky Mountains will con- COLORADO dense more joy into a small space than any other style of Fall Gar- GARDEN gj dening. The list includes rare and M choice varieties of Anemone, Co- lumbine, Clematis, Delphinium, Gentian, Evening Primrose, Pentstemon, Yucca, Hardy Cacti, and many others not commonly cultivated, all hardy and easily grown. Besides native plants, we grow ELLIOTT NURSERY COMPANY and catalogue all the best orna- . mentals for the Northwest, in- 326 Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. Cladins i ree cin ibe @everreens and hardy flowers. Either cata- logue free. Gesneriana, red . . $1.60 Kate Greenaway, faint Bouton d’Or, yellow . 1.20 DID Kaan US 2 700 Caledonia, orange scarlet 1.60 Mrs. Potter Palmer, dark Mixed Parrots, feathered bg Ng Mae 16 Ryco) edges - . . . 1.20 Bar. dela Tonnaye, pink 2.00 Mixed May Flowering, Wedding Veil, light gray 2.00 allcolors. . . .+ 1.20 White Queen, blush Farncombe Sanders, red 3.00 wihiteyemer uly weeks 2 Clara Butt, salmon pink 2.00 Mixed Darwins, all Mad.Bosboom, cherry red 2.00 Golo 9 og 6 16 oS HE most complete stock of hardy plants in America. Illus- trated catalog of hardy plants, shrubs, 2 trees and bulbs sent free on request. As many more varieties in list. Send for it. ORONOGO FLOWER GARDENS, Carthage, Missouri Rockmont Nursery, Boulder, Colo. PEONIES All the good ones the world over E. J. SHAYLOR -: Specialist in fine Peonies Auburndale Massachusetts JUST WHAT YOU WANT FOR AN UP-TO- DATE MOVABLE POULTRY YARD “BUFFALO” Portable Poultry Runways are neat and easy to handle and erect; simply push legs into ground. Made from 13 inch diamond mesh, heavy galva- nized wire fabric and galvanized round iron frames with 1 inch galvanized Hexagon Net- ting along bottom, 12 inches high, strong and durable, last a life time. Can be moved to other locations at will. Greatest thing on the market for young chicks or duckling runways or can be used for grown chickens, ducks, geese, etc., and make any size yard you wish. Can also be used to advantage for enclosing small vegetable garden plots, etc. Standard size sections as follows: Priceveachesection 7’ long x 5’ high . a g) Bike 9 5 $3.75 DIO UME XIE teieatel: 5 5 3 i 5 F 1.60 Orit XE 2 var alta 3 : 2 5 . 5 Se 2 2.00 Above prices effective April rst, 1917. F.O.B. Buffalo and are for orders con- ststiny of stx section. or more, Sizes mentioned above can be shipped from stock immediately. Special sizes made to order on short notice. Send money order, check, New York draft or currency by registered mail and we will send you one of the greatest articles in existence for poultry or dog kennel purposes. Booklet No. 67-A will be sent upon request. ; ENLARGED VIEW Place a trial order to-day, we know you will be well pleased. BUFFALO WIRE WORKS CO. (g.,%%ms""s,,.) 467 Terrace, Buffalo, N. Y. PEREONIES Get catalogue of our Gold Medal collection E. A. REEVES South Euclid, Ohio All the Sunlight All Day Greenhouses KING CONSTRUCTION CO. 372 King Road, North Tonawanda, N. Y. Write for Booklet eeler’s Sons Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing — and we will, too 30 DHE GAR DOE Ni Miya GyAT ZING AvucustT, 1917 INSIDE THE GARDEN HOME JAMES COLLIER MARSHALL CONVENIENCES FOR THE COTTAGE Mr. James Collier Marshall, Director of the Decorating Service of The Garden Magazine’s Advertising Dept., will solve your problems of home decoration—color schemes, hangings, floor coverings, art objects and interior arrangements, making purchases at the most favorable prices. This service is free to our readers. Address inquiries to “Inside the Garden Home,” The Garden Magazine, 11 West 32nd Street, New York. T IS easy enough to furnish a large house if the wherewithall to do it is available, but it is no mean task to outfit a cottage successfully when one must take into consideration limited space as well as cost of each piece. This was borne in on me forcefully not long since when a reader asked me to tell where might be had a table with a lid-covered drawer for letter writing, such as are found in most hotel bedrooms. Wrote my in- quirer: “Ihave a tiny house with only one guest room furnished I think satisfactorily, though I want to add a table of the sort that may be both centre table and writing desk, yet of the smallest size and simplest appearance. My guests shall be comfortably though simply served.” My search for this table led me through all the shops to the manufacturer’s showrooms until I found what I wanted, and it occurred to me that we frequently over- look the comfort of our guests in outfitting our houses in simple ways that are easy to rectify. For instance, whether the house be large or small, rarely does one find a trunk or suitcase rack in his room. ‘There is nothing that gives such satisfaction in either unpack- ing or packing one’s belongings as to be able to get at the bag comfortably. Every one knows the alternatives—using the bed and soiling the spread, a chair—and defacing it, the floor and ruining one’s dis- position! The worst of it all is when a rack ° is found it is invariably ricketty. However, Your guests will appreciate this mahogany trunk and suitcase stand. It costs only $8.50 The fine proportions, simple lines and wisely conserved space recommend this table highly A good many wooden tables have been put on the market with flower boxes arranged in the ends but they have always seemed incongruous. The wicker one reproduced here, the first of its kind to be so built, gives no such unpleasant impression. Indeed, quite the opposite may be said of it, since its lines are not only not marred by the floral insets but improved thereby. Exceptionally well built, its proportions are correct— every inch being well accounted for. It is notable as being equally serviceable for use in the centre of the room or at its side, and while it was designed for a summer porch, it might in perfect taste be employed inside the house the whole year through. Apropos of tables and their dressings, | am reminded that the old time vogue, a custom that has never waned in England, of placing jars of fragrant salts on the tables in the living rooms of the house to freshen the air has come again into favor. These may be either of plain or cut glass or crystal filled with gaily tinted salts, or after the newer fashion, the jars and bottles may be decorated and the salts tinted to match the decorations. The idea is as gay as the salts are refreshing and the vogue promises to become a sensible custom. Anent fresh scents, let me tell also that a well known hostess has a maid carry through her drawing rooms just before the guests arrive a dish of burning lavender, which gives off a faint but delicious scent that.lasts all evening. This custom of per- fuming the house artificially is as old as his- tory, and one that loses nothing through age. Note the dignity and dainty lines of this mahogany cellaret wnicn adapt it to any setting the one pictured here is a fine exception, being excellently made and good looking enough to suit any setting, folding easily into a limited place in the closet when not in use. Another interesting, if not altogether necessary, piece of furniture © is the circumspect looking cellaret shown here whose nice proportions and dainty lines when closed in no manner prepare one for its very complete outfitting. As will be seen the roll top conceals three decanters on a revolving stand as well as six wine and six toddy glasses. There is room also for a cocktail shaker, the preparation of which appetizing drink is conducted on the porcelain topped slide seen below. The drawer is arranged with compartments for cards, score pads, poker chips and other first aids to these amusements. This is a most satis- factory article of furniture for the household that boasts no cellar, the summer cottage, or for a bachelor’s rooms. Its reserved manner gives place to hospitality when the top of the cellaret is rolled back Uae AUGUST, THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 51 TER 25 years of making and gelling FE A boiler heats; furnace heats; and the Kelsey Health Heat; we are convinced that for real heating economy and all around satisfaction, there is no heat like the Kelsey Health Heat. Because the Kelsey heats with freshly heated fresh air, automatically mixed with just the right healthful amount of mois- ture, you don’t feel its heat when you come into a room, but you do feel its comfort. No heat gives as much heat from as little coal. We can prove it. Send for Booklet [He KELsE WARM AIR ELEY 232 ea Axes Re New York IRK—103-P Park Avenue GHICACO SIZE West Lake Street DETROIT—Space 95-P Builders Exchange BOSTON—405-P P. O. Sq. Bldg. WATER SUPPLY DEMING wee air pressure systems force == toeveryfaucetamplesupplies of clear, pure water under high pressure. Oper- ated simply, dependably by hand pump, motor, gasoline engine or windmill. Helpful 32- page book gladly mailed free. Writenow. THE DEMING COMPANY 118 Depot St., Salem, Ohio Beautify Furniture Protect Floor and Floor Coverings from injury by using Glass Onward Sliding Furniture Shoe in place of casters. If your dealer will not supply you write us. ONWARD MFG. CO. MENASHA, WIS. DEPT. T Kae Me Tua > AGE dE he > DARWIN TULIPS Rembrandt and Hybrid Tulips direct from the sole originators E. H. Krelage & Son Complete Bulb Catalogue Free on request to J. A. deVEER, Sole Agent, 100 William St.,N. Y. | stan zai ee ENTERPRISE PROTECTIVE FENCE protects and beautifes An Enterprise fence is an unclimbable barrier—security against tramps, prowlers, thieves and other undesirable persons. In addition to giving ample protection, it beautifies and lends distinction to city homes, country estates, etc., etc., and enhances property value. Investigate—Send for Illustrated Catalog Write to-day for illustrated catalog. It describes hundreds of styles, quotes prices, and ex- plains our free offer to make a blueprint showing all details of fence needed to protect and beautify your premises. ENTERPRISE IRON WORKS, 2439 Yandes Street, Indianapolis, Ind. Spectalists for 33 years in All-Iron and i € Send to-day for Iron-and -Woven-Wire protective fencing this catalog Farm, Garden and Orchard Tools Answer the farmers’ big questions: grow crops with less help? How dig potatoes with fewer horses and men? How save every tuber before the frost and in time for the best market? : Po WE RY How can I GIVES ENDURING CHARM Nae ‘for our illustrated ~ ves ue of Flower Pots, seas on ne ks Potato Digger will dig your potatoes in two-thirds the usual time. Saves two horses for other work. Oper- ated by 4% H. P. air-cooled ‘‘New Way” Bocas Benches. Sundials, Engine you can stop the Digge engine will clear the machin Gazing Globes, Bird Fonts and throw-out clutch prevents breakage. Engine is quickly interchangeable for Iron Age En- other Artistic Pieces for Garden gine Sprayer. We also make three other styles, one of which will surely meet your and Interior Decoration. condition. Wemake a full line of potato machinery. Send for booklet to-day. ’ Gattoway TerrACTTa © eae O Box 85N Grenloch, N. J. 3214. WALNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA. Destroy Tree Pests Kill San Jose Scale. Apple Scab, Fungi, lice, bugs and other enemies of vegetation by | GOOD'S325FISH OIL SOAP NOS ra Does not harm the trees—Fertilizes soil and aids healthy growth. Used and endorsed byU-S. Dept. of Agriculture. FREE Our valuable book on Tree and Plant Diseases. Write for it to-day. JAMES ‘GOOD, Original Maker, 2111-15 E. Susquehanna Ave., Phila. BIRD HOUSES Our Folder illustrating the best, most successful and largest line on the market, is Free. Write to-day and compare values. CHICAGO BIRD HOUSE CO., 709-11 So. Leavitt St., Chicago, Ill. HARDY PHLOX Will Beautify any Garden: They have a good many points in their favor. Good growth, odor and hardiness. Narcissus Bulbs Ready Now Mixture good for naturalizing and giving bloom I have the largest collection in the world. throughout the Narcissus season, 100 bulbs, $1.00, postpaid. ORONOGO FLOWER GARDENS, Carthage, Mo. Over 300 varieties. Also Delphinium and Iris. Send for list. W. F. SCHMEISKE, Hospital Station Box 11 Binghamton, New York j New. plan ‘book UE Van ane Homes’ shows inexpensive simplifications of best architects’ work. All wholesale prices. Ready- cut or not Ready-cut. Local references. Material complete — No Extras — $300 Up. Save $200 to $500. Book FREE. Send for it. NOW! Gordon-Van Tine Co. Satisfaction Satisfaction Guaranteed or “Money Back Back 6300 Case Street Davenport, Iowa a =a ze Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 32 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE AuvcGust, 1917 TOWNSEND'S TRIPLEX Floats over the uneven ground | as a ship rides the waves J : The Greatest Grass- weer ORE TS ale cutter on earth, cuts a Your Country Needs swath 86 inches wide. ‘ . Good Celery o wa g/) Don’t waste half of it by S. Pp Townsend & Co. imperfect blanching. 23 Central Ave., Orange, N. J. : The) BallulishtnimemCelers Bleacher is the most perfect method ever invented. It blanches the entire stalk a beautiful ivory white, crisp as ice in avout 14 days after being applied. Requires no exverience. Used and recom- mended by all the leading Agricultural Col- leges in the U.S. A. Write for my new BOOK describing this and several other wonderful inventions for the garden. The Ball Manufacturing Co. Department E Glenside, Pa. The public is warned not to purchase mowers infringing the Townsend Patent No. 1,209,519, Dec. 19th, 1916 Send for catalogue illustrating all types of Townsend mowers. Farquhar’sPot Grown Strawberry Plants Plant early for full crop next year. Write for copy of our Summer Cata- logue containing full list of varieties. R. & J. Farquhar & Co. 9 S. Market St., Boston, Mass. Dog Kennel No. 4 Poultry House for 200 hens—s units No.3 Poultry House for 30 hens HODGSON PORTABLE HOUSES The Hodgson poultry and dog houses enable you to take care of the stock with the least amount of trouble. This dog kennel is well- ventilated, sanitary and storm-proof. The poultry houses are made of red cedar. vermin-proofed, and are absolutely complete inside. All neatly painted and made in sections that can be quickly bolted together by anyone. Send for illustrated booklet. E. F. HODGSON COMPANY Room 311, 1 Ea Stee EONS Ee Ooo School of Horticulture for Women AMBLER, PA. Y fa» Two years’ practical and theoretical course 3 in Horticulture. Next entering class for ety diploma students January 15, 1918. Fall course of ten weeks for amateurs begins September 11th. Write for particulars. . Early registration advised. Elizabeth Leizhton Lee, Director, Box 105 Underground Garbage Receiver installed at your home—means less danger from infantile pa- ralysis germs. Act NOW —for your protection. Eliminate the dirty garbage pail. Be- fore buying send for our catalogue. It will pay you. 12 years on the market Look for our Trade Marks Sold direct factory Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Manufacturer, 40 Farrar Street, Lynn, Massachusetts TRON AGE Farm, Garden and Orchard Tools SS - = MASS. TRace MARK SALAD SECRETS. too recipes. Brief but complete. 15¢ by mail. too Meatless recipes, 15¢c. 50 Sandwich recipes, 15c. All three, 30c. B.H. Briggs, 456 Fourth Ave., Newark, N. J. “HOW TO GROW ROSES’’—Library Edition; 121 pages—r6 in natural colors. Not a catalogue. Price $1, refunded on $5 order for plants. The Conard & Jones Co., Box 24, West Grove, Pa. MR. ROBERT PYLE—the well-known Garden Lecturer and Rosarian invites correspondence from garden lovers and societies. TheCareof Your Trees Let us take it right off your shoulders. ‘‘The Bartlett Way’’ of Tree Surgery is safe and =e = 's big tions. sie. None but veal experts employed. En- : « a » s . SIS ie iets Beene orsedhbuatorestr machen SMR eprecentacives Subject — “The American Rose Garden” illustrated with finely WesaDs aS Seer ¥ everywhere. Send for ‘Tree Talk.” It’s colored lantern slides. Address: West Grove, Pa. help is scarce? How protect my crops against bugs and blight? IR ON A GE Traction Sprayer meets the need for a fast-working, highs pressure field sprayer Covers 4 0r 6 rows—s5 or 100 gal.tank. Write to- day for free booklet. BATEMAN alive with tree helps. THE F. A. BARTLETT COMPANY 538 Main St., Stamford, Conn. WATERWEEDS of all kinds are easily removed from lakes, ponds, streams, etc., by the Submarine Weed Cutting Saw. Send for particulars. Aschert Bros., West Bend, Wis. Middle aged working gardener; single EE ————————— W A N at E D : man or small family. Apply by letter to Room 607, No. 15 East 4oth Street, New York City. 4 oY 6 xrows M’F’G CO. Aurore - es 2 $1.00 Madame D’Treyeran ~ - $2.00 5 G an EN j Baroness Schroeder - - ‘75 Madame Augusta Dessert = 1.00 6 renloc b Germaine Bivot - - - 1.00 Madame Savreau - - 3.00 7 1 ie Gloire de Charles Gombault 75 M. Martin Cahuzac_ - - 2.50 Irises, Hardy Plants, Lilies and Karl Rosenfield - = = 2.00 Mr. Manning - Bit ne 75 7 7 King of England (Jap.) = - 1.50 Petite Renee - - - 73 Japanese Garden Specialties La Fayette - - = .w“q»~_>_SSSS PD? away with all the troubles, worries and ex- penses that go hand in hand with building. Buy a Hodgson Portable house. Whether you wanttoerecta cottage, garage, play house, poultry house or what-not, you’ll find ‘just the thing’’ pictured in the Hodgson catalog. These houses are shipped to youin painted sections well finished and all ready to bolt together. You can-put up any Hodgson house yourself—in a jiffy. Send for catalog. E. F. HODGSON CO. Room cet 116 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. 6 East 39th St., New York City ‘HODGSON Portable HOUSES Dog House Mysterious as the opal, its structure more wonderful than the orchid, the beauty of the Iris is wholly ethereal. If you yield to its magic spell it will lead you across the border into a wonderland of delight. FARR’S GOLD MEDAL IRISES SMES OID not only the highest honors (the Gold Medal and Certificate of Merit) at the Panama-Pacific Exposition, but also awarded the highest praises by those who have seen Farr’s Irises growing in many of the exclusive gardens of America. These beautiful Irises were originated at Wyomissing, and are a selection from many thousands grown in my gardens. Some of the most distinct and beautiful varieties are included in this assortment of fourteen Irises which I call the Panama-Pacific Collection Chester Hunt. S. celestial-blue; F. dark marine-blue, Mary Garden. S. pale yellow, flushed pale lavender; Quaker Lady. S. smoky lavender with yellow shadings; bordered pale blue, shaded base. 27 in. 75 cts. long drooping falls,creamy white,minutely dotted and F. ageratum-blue and old-gold; stigmas yellow, Hiawatha. _ S. pale lavender, flushed rose; F. royal pur- veined maroon; stigmas clear yellow. 28in. 75 cts. yellow beard. 38 in. 75 cts. ple, bordered lavender. 28 in. 75 cts. Massasoit (New 1916). Standards and falls a very Red Cloud. S. rosy lavender-bronze; F. velvety James Boyd. Immense broad incurved standards form- distinct shade of metallic Venetian blue—quite diffi- maroon-crimson, reticulated yellow, stigmas old- ing a high dome-shaped centre; clear light-blue. F. cult to describe accurately. 75 cts. gold. 2 ft. 75 cts. dark violet, tipped and edged lighter. Named in Nokomis. S. pale lavender-white; F. velvety dark Rose Unique. S. and F. bright violet-rose, the nearest honor of Mr. James Boyd, Haverford, Penna., winner violet-blue, bordered white. Medium size flowers; approach to a pink Iris. 75 cts. of Silver Cup and a Gold Medal for a display of tall-growing, free blooming. 50 cts. Shrewsbury. S. rosy bronze; F. violet purple, with Irises made in Philadelphia in 1915 (all plants from Pauline. S. and F. rich pansy-violet; deep orange lighter shading; heavy orange beard. T5RCtS: Wyomissing Nurseries). 20 in. 75 cts. beard. Fragrant; large. 3 ft. 75 cts. Wyomissing. S. creamy-white, suffused delicate soft Juniata. S. and F. clear blue; large, fragrant flowers. Powhattan. S. light bishop violet with deeper border; rose; F. deep rose at the base shading to a flesh- The tallest of all the Beardless Irises, with unusually F. deep purple with crimson shade, large, horizontal colored border. 75 cts. long drooping foliage. 50 cts. spreading flower. 38 in. 75 cts. e e es e The Entire Collection of 14 Varieties For $10 SPECIAL OFFER OF TWO 1918 NOVELTIES. In the 1918-19 edition of Farr’s Hardy Plant Specialties I shall O c introduce two new Irises of remarkable beauty. Two Unusually Fine Irises Paxatawney. S. pale parma-violet, with sulphur yellow Swatara. S. lobelia-blue, suffused bronzy yellow at White Knight. The ents: of all Irises; suffusions deepening at base. F. darker, with brown base. F. bright violet, with conspicuous orange sweetly scented. b $1. and yellow reticulations. 36 in. $1 beard. Large flower. 36 in. Tristano Glicicanblemontye lion mEaarich With an order for the complete Panama-Pacific Collection I will include one plant of each of these new Irises, provided maroon, bordered yellow. 50 cts. you indicate your desire to add them to your garden. Farr’s Hardy Plant Specialties (Edition 1917-18) describes all of my seedling Irises, and upward of 500 other varieties, many of which are illustrated in color. Peonies, Oriental Poppies, Aquilegias, and other hardy plants for fall planting are described and illustrated. Most garden-lovers have this book, but if you do not have a copy, write me to-day. BERTRAND H. FARR— Wyomissing Nurseries Co., 104 Garfield Ave., Wyomissing, Penna. In the September issue of Garden I will tell you all about the wonderful collection of Peonies that my painstaking care has made the largest assortment in America. So many have asked me to help them plan their garden that I have found it necessary to form a special department in charge of a skillful landscape designer and plantsman. I shall be glad to assist you in any way desired, whether by o/f-hand suggestions or by advice, which will be cheerfully given without charge. For the preparation of detailed plans a charge will be made. THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK September 1917 “Training the Recruit’ ay I} I ci MMMM MM oA Introducing a New Idea in Merchandising for Edward Gillett cin MMMM Ferns for Ground Covers One customer of ours recently used 40,000 of our hardy ferns to create a per- fect ground cover and give a proper finish toa massive planting. I can fill orders of that size, beginning with the middle of September. MMMM MT MMMM STU i i il EM LL About Rock Gardens The Rockery idea in gardening is rising rapidly in popular favor. Those who love the dainty fern and many other at- tractive forms of plant life found in the rock garden, will find me well stocked with plants for rockeries of all descriptions. MMMM nso STU UUD HCA UU Ate 2) The Lure of New England’s Hardy Orchids To many readers of The Garden Magazine Hardy Orchids will sound like a paradox. thoughts of greenhouses and conservatories, of prices for the flowers that are beyond the reach of the average. yet, there are Orchids that are so hardy that they live outdoors through the most severe New England winters. after year they delight us with their quaint and curious flowers. Orchids generally awaken And Year The lovely Lady’s Slippers or Moccasin Flowers, the Orchis, Ladies’ Tresses and Rattlesnake Plantain, how they please us by their faithful coming again and blooming. For years hardy orchids have been my hobby. First I collected them because I loved them. Later I grew them to sell again, to get others to under- stand them as I do. After all these years, my favorites are still The Lady’s Slippers Their botanical name—Cypripedium—is their worst handicap. Cypripedium acaule is often called the Red Lady’s Slipper, but the flowers are ~ really rose-purple, as shown above. It thrives in any well-drained, light weight soil. I grow it in a mixture composed of three parts sand and two parts leafmold. See prices alongside. C. parviflorum or Small Yellow Lady’s Slipper is particularly charming growing in masses, in shady positions, left undisturbed for years. 20c. each; $2.00 per dozen; $10.00 per hundred. C. pubescens or Large Yellow Lady’s Slipper needs ample moisture, a shady spot, but it prefers well-drained soil composed largely of humus and leaf-mold. 20c. each; $2.00 per dozen; $10.00 per hundred. C. spectabile, the Showy Lady’s Slipper is the finest and most showy of all. I grow it to perfection in pure spagnum moss, spread 4 to 5 inches deep on top of ground where there is constantly much moisture. 25c each; $2.50 per dozen; $15.00 per hundred. EDWARD GILLEDT, wate Proce: Sceciaiss = fulness. Wi mT mm mI HH vi HIN mT mm LE i TMM The Picture Above shows Cypripedium acaule thriving to per- fection in its native haunts. with a thick layer of pine needles, it is a subject of unlimited beauty and wide use- One-crown plants 20c. each, $2.00 = per dozen; $10.00 per hundred. Two-crown plants 30c. each; $3.00 per dozen; $15.00 per = hundred. Single and dozen lots postpaid. = In 100 lots by express only. Plant this fall. FMM Le WildFlowers, the Woodland’sCharm Do you recall the ‘‘posies” of childhood days when, as a youngster, you used to ramble through the woods in search of things that appealed to the childish imagination? Do you remember the Bloodroot and Dogtooth violets, the Snakercots, Trilliums and Hepaticas? In common with many, I, too, fell in love with these fascinating children of the wild flora. Now, as a full-grown man, I grow them by the thousands so that their charms may be enjoyed by others sharing my sentiments. I have kinds for all soils. for sunny or shady places, for wet or dry situations. Write for my catalogue or tell me which most appeal to you among wild flowers. I shall gladly help you in working out any planting ideas you may have. Fall Planting Insures an Extra Year of Flowers Nearly all the plants growing in my nursery can be transplanted in the fall with full assurance that they will grow. Plant Trilliums, Lilies, Cypripediums, etc., now, so they can start blooming early next spring. Write for my free catalogue describing all and illustrating many of the unusual plants I grow. If you have in mind the planting of a wild or woodland garden, a rockery or any other garden scheme of unusual charac- ter, let me send a competent man to confer with you. A post card brings the Catalogue. 3 Main Street, Southwick, Mass. Well-mulched MMMM NU uc cts t= 0 ll ll E SEPTEMBER, s ul TOCRATS OF masses, and rival the rose in delicacy of color and fragrance. —— A & THE HARDY GARDEN 8 EONIES, the glory of June, are the aristocrats of the hardy garden. They surpass the rhododendron when planted in Peonies never can become common; those who become the possessors of these rare sorts will have an asset of distinct worth, which will increase in value from year to year. The collection of Peonies at Wyomissing contains the new and rare introductions—many of them at present found only in the gardens of Peony connoisseurs. For those who desire to possess some of these distinct varieties I have made a personal selection of sorts showing a wide range of colors and type, and here offer them in collections for fall planting: ROYAL COLLECTION Twelve of the grandest Peonies in existence, regardless of price. Albatre. White and lilac. $1.50 Baroness Schroeder. Flesh-white. $1.50. Germaine Bigot. Lilac Rose. $2.50. George Washington. Dark- crimson. $1.50. James Kelway. Rose-white $2.00. Karl Rosenfield. Dark-crimson. $4.50. Milton Hill. Lilac-rose. $3.00. Marguerite Gerard. Hydrangea pink. $1.50. Mme. Auguste Dessert. Violet- rose. $2.50. _Rosa Bonheur. Violet-rose. $5.00. Sara Bernhardt. Mauve-rose. $4.00. Simmone Chevalier. Lilac-rose. $2.00. Royal Collection, complete, $27 COLLECTION B Twelve of the best standard Peonies at a moderate price. Alexander Dumas. Violet-rose. 50 cts. La Coquette. Lightpink. 50cts. Duchesse de Nemours. Pure white. 50 cts. Comte de Paris. Violet-rose. 50 cts. Dr. Bretonneau. Pale lilac. 35 cts. Edulis superba. Mauve-pink 50 cts. Festiva maxima. White. 50 cts. M. Hyppolite Dellille. Lilac-rose. 50 cts. Princess Beatrice. 50 cts. Triomphe du Nord. red. 50 cts. Delachei. Violet-crimson. 50 cts. Rubens. Dark-crimson. 50 cts. Collection B, complete, $5 Violet-rose. Solferino- “ARISTOCRAT”? COLLECTION Twelve beautiful varieties, each an aristocrat among peonies. Adolphe Rosseau. _Purple-gar- net. $2.00. Albatre. White; centre lilac rose. $1.50. Albert Crousse. White, flecked crimson. $1.50. Armandine Mechin. Bright crim- son. $1.50. George Washington. Fiery crim- son. $1.50. Grandiflora. Delicate shell pink; late. $1.50. La Tendresse. Milk white. $1.50. L’ Indispensable. Lilac white, pale violet rose centre. 75 cts. Mile. Rosseau. White; lilac cen- tre. $1.50. Mme. Forel. Violet rose. $2.00. Simmone Chevalier. Lilac-rose. $2.00. Venus. Hydrangea pink. $2.00. Aristocrat Collection, complete, $16 “PREMIER’’ COLLECTION Twelve peonies of the highest order of merit at moderate prices. Boule De Niege. White, flecked crimson. 75 cts. Duc de Wellington. phur centre. 50 cts. Don Juan. Crimson amaranth. $1.00. Felix Crousse. Bright red. 75 cts. White, sul- La Tulipe. Lilac white, striped crimson. 75 cts. Mme. Muyssart. Silver tipped. 75 cts. Mme. Moutot. Tyrian rose. 75 cts. Mme. Thouvenin. Pure mauve. $1.00. Mlle. Leonie Calot. Rose-white. 75 cts. Marechal Vaillant. Mauve pink. 50 cts. Marie Lemoine. Purewhite. 75 cts. Mons. Jules Elie. Soft lilac rose. $1.00. Premier Collection, complete, $7.50 Royal Collection and Collection B for $30. Aristocrat Collection and Premier Collection, $20. The Four Collections, Royal, B, Aristocrat and Premier for $48 All the above varieties and hundreds of others in my complete collection at Wyomissing, are fully described in the 1917-1918 Edition of my book FARR’S HARDY PLANT SPECIALTIES _Money cannot buy a treatise on Peonies and Iris so complete and authoritative, because no other book of this character is in existence—yet I will mail you a copy free if you will send me your name and address, and mention the Garden Magazine, for I want you to know Peonies as I know them. September and October is the best time to plant Peonies, for then with the strong roots I send, you will obtain a large percentage of bloom the first season. BERTRAND H. FARR, Wyomissing Nurseries Co., 104 Garfield Avenue, Wyomissing, Penna. Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too. 34 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1917 A Peony Treat of g TTT Exceptio ha ATT Character To introduce the “elite” of my peony field into your garden, I will send the following peerless six at a substantial saving, in roots of a quality that will make you order more —Felix Crousee, deep crimson; Mad. de Verneville, dainty blush; Mlie. Leonie Calot, soft flesh; Festiva Maxima, grandest white; Mons. Jules Elie, pink; Eugene Verdier, pink with crimson centre. A\ll of these are the unquestioned leaders of their type and class. Six Premier Kinds $3 a: ST SAREE SIE ys Ta 5G = Vaughan's Darwin PLANT and THE BULBS Cottag C Tul i p THIS FALL Strong 3 to 5 Eye Roots Because of size of roots, this collection can be shipped only by express. If You Like Phloxes here is a selection of steal merit—Athis, Elizabeth Campbell, Jules Cambon, Sieboldii, Pantheon, and Eiffel Tower, a retail value of $1.25. Eight Splendid Sorts, one Strong $1 Plant each, postpaid Our stock of Hardy Phloxes is unrivalled in both quality of kinds and quantities on hand. HESE majestic tulips are without a rival in Spring flowers. Their adaptability to our American climate due to their hardiness and vigor, their stately bearing and exquisite shades make them now the most extensively planted of all spring- flowering bulbs. Planted in beds, in clumps among perennials, or bordering shrubs, their effect in May is beautiful beyond belief. A Large Stock of Hardy Plants suitable for present planting is described in my cat- alogue—gladly mailed free. It lists only such plants as I can guarantee to be true-to-name and offers them at unusually attractive prices for quality stock. Write me or order above—satisfaction guaranteed. RALPH E. HUNTINGTON Painesville Ohio Reasons During our forty years of dealings in every bulb growing district of the universe we have worked up a successful and reliable business connection, strengthened by periodical for visits of a representative, and latterly a yearly visit to the Soe! war-burdened bulb districts of Europe. This should satisfy | : our readers that our efforts to please have been worked planting to the limit, and proven by our thousands of constant cus- tomers. Last year when many firms disappointed on deliv- | ° Vaughan’s eries, Vaughan’s Seed Store were there on time, and with full ——_ quantities. These are big reasons for placing your order here. é LN Twelve Splendid Late Tulips ey DARWIN VARIETIES COTTAGE VARIETIES j BARTIGON. (24 in.) Glowing erimson scarlet, vigor RRS MOON: Ae ins.) mGolden APN piichers Cc lif e B lb ous, lasts well insun, very highly recommended. shape oom; tall, upright, sweetly perfumed. i Doz., 50c; per 100, $3.50; per 1000, $30.00. Doz., 65c; per 100, $4.50; per 1000, $40.00. a | O r n la Uu S MASSACHUSETTS. (25ins.) Deep rosy pink petals, | THE FAWN. (20 ins.) Pale yellowish fawn color, [ with lighter edge. Long cup-shaped blooms on combined with rosy lavender and pale blush mar- i stout stems. A splendid pink, recommended. gin. Doz., 50c; per 100, $3.25; per 1000, $28.00. F a n a n ts Doz., 50c; per 100, $3.00; per 1000, $25.00 EMERALD GEM. (18 ins.) Bright orange-scarlet, i CLARA BUTT. Gorins®) Clear salmon pink, with pithy Searereen pases margined yellow. Sweet lighter edges. We know no better tulip ofits color. scented and very late. 0 5 D 5 Doz., 30c; per 100, $2.00; per 1000, $17.00. Doz., 50c; per 100, $3.50; per 1000, $30.00. Many of California’s beautiful native WHITE QUEEN. (22ins.) Pale blush, changing with | FAIRY QUEEN. (22ins.) Rosy-heliotrope, blending plants do well in eastern gardens! and age to almost pure white. An exquisite and indis- to rosy-lavender, with yellow margin. Inside h : h d ] = : pensable flower. purplisn mauve au allow Crain their ONICHA: Pe jus ee Doz., 45c; per 100, $2.60; per 1000, $23.00. 0z., 50c; per 100, $3.25; per 0, 00. re. atalogue is REV. H. EWBANK. (20 ins.) Deep lilac, toning to pale | GLARE OF THE GARDEN. (18ins.) Glowing crim- ea © f ile l g 1 di sts t HN) ba lavender. Lasts splendidly; a collection is incom-] sonscarlet, dazzling in sunlight; best late tulip of gives fullest cultural directions. plete without it. A its color. Doz., 65c; per 100, $4.50; per 1000, $40.00. Doz. 50c,; per 100, $3.00; per 1000, 27.08 COrreBuS (Gala Beauty). (18ins.) Golden yellow, e ZULU. (23 ins.) Violet black, reflecting a glistening violet eathered and splashed with crimson stripes. H d P ] Pl sheen. Effective when contrasted with lighter shades, striking combination of colors. Sweet scented. ar y erennia ants Doz., 90c; per 100, $6.00; per 1000, $55.00. Doz., $1.70; per 100, $13.00; per 1000. $110.00. (Above prices do not include pre-payment) (Above prices do not include pre-payment) The ‘great charm of English gardens is in these, No. 1.—Special Prepaid Offer for the above Six] No. 2.— Prepaid Offer for the above Six and my gardens at The Terraces contain the finest 12 of each (72 bulbs) all named for $3.25, 2 of each (72 bulbs) all named for $4.75. collection west of the Alleghanies. No. 3—The Two Collections Prepaid for $7.50 Free Catalog with each order. My “New Catalogue E brings to the door of the O : flower-lover of the Pacific slope a wonderful collec- Write for Complete Autumn Catalog, (56 pages); mailed free everywhere. tion of fully 200 Irises, superb Phlox, perennial There are many beautiful bulbs and plants, which can only be planted successfully in the fall, that are often Larkspurs, Hollyhocks, Poppies, Michaelmas overlooked by those who do not realize the importance of Autumn-planting. Our Catalog isa complete and help- Daisies in fine varieties, and a host of other rare ful guide for this important season. Write today. (Mention Garden Magazine.) and beautiful flowers. It tells him how and where to grow each. I can ship in his best planting season, and I pay express charges or postage to his door. Foér the Eastern grower I have all of this list and many novelties. Catalogue E on application. Any of my catalogues will be forwarded to readers of the Garden Magazine who send me their name and address. CARL PURDY The Terraces Ukiah, California “3 Eegycie VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE °** tafeagrh s+ SEES GREG See eEa OER SE TREE PEONIES NE of the largest, showiest, richly colored and spicily fragrant of all garden flowers. My American grown roots are all clean, hardy and guaranteed true to name. Over one hundred of the best varieties. For most satisfactory results they should be planted in September or October. Send to-day for my booklet ‘‘Your Spring Garden.” It also tells about Tulips, Narcissi, etc. 73 172 Broadway Paterson, N. J. SAVE TIE TREES.—Kill San Jose Scale, Aphis, White Fly, etc., by spraying your trees with zs GOOD porash LOH OIL OAP NOS ? Sure death to tree pests. Contains nothing injurious to trees—fertilizes the soil. Used and endorsed by U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. H FRE Our valuable book on Tree and Plant Diseases. Write for it to-day. JAMES GOOD, Original Maker, 2111-15 E. Susquehanna Ave., Phila. The Readers’ Service will give you suggestions for the care and purchase of cats and dogs and other pets DHED GARDEN MAGAZINE 35 SEPTEMBER, 1917 \ idee tziltlrzz2kz&iazzzaooZZ Peas W. Atlee Burpee & Company have long been famous as American headquarters for Sweet Peas. We were the first to introduce the Spencer type into America. Such famous varieties as King White, Fiery Cross, Primrose Spencer, Apple Blossom, King Edward Spencer and many others (all our intro- duction) serve to justify our claims. | Each year many new varieties are tried out, but only those which prove themselves of exceptional value are offered to our customers. UMC Burpee’s New Early- or Winter-Flowering Spencer Sweet Peas It is with great pleasure that we offer the following Novelties in Sweet Peas, as we are confident this new early-flowering race of Spencers will greatly increase the value of the Sweet Pea. Burpee’s Early-Flowering Spencer Sweet Peas are particularly adapted to sections where the ordinary summer-flowering varieties have not proved satisfactory. In our Southern States, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and in all the tropical and sub-tropical countries, the new Early-Flowering Spencers, if sown during the early fall months, will produce flowers in abundance throughout the early spring and will continue blooming freely until killed by extreme heat. re Early Enchantress Just half size Early King Reduced one-half Nine of these varieties were awarded nineteen Certificates of Merit by the following: EB Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, Philadelphia American Sweet Pea Society, San Francisco The International’Show, New York With a keen appreciation of the splendid future of the Sweet Pea, and particularly of New Early Flowering or Long mn Spencers, we began crossing the Spencer Flowering Sweet Peas with the Early Flowering Grandiflora as far back as the Summer of 1909. We now offer with the greatest confidence the splendid Novelties listed below. These are all true, thoroughly fixed in type, and are a great improvement on the various colors. : Tf grown in At open they flower Eeveral weeks ahead of the Standard or Summer Flowering Spencers, and with proper treatment continue to bloom quite as long as that type. - 5B ’s Early Enchantress—Flowers immense, measuring 23 inches in diameter; exquisitely waved or frilled, stiff stems. A bright rose pink, deeper toward the edges of standard and wings, softening in tone toward the centre of the flower. Pkt. (20 seeds) 25 cts.; 5 pkts. $1.00, postpaid. Burpee’s Early Loveliness — The color is white, the entire flower being suffused soft pink until it reaches the edges, which are distinctly picoteed with rose-pink. A flower of immense size and great substance. Beautifully waved. Pkt. (20 seeds) 25 cts.; 5 pkts. $1.00, postpaid. Burpee’s Early King—A glowing, rich bright crimson, of great size and perfect form, Fordhook Pink—A distinct shade of pink suffused with lavender throughout. Flowers of large size, exquisitely waved, and usually produced in threes and fours on long stems. Un- der artificial light it is particularly pleasing. Pkt. (20 seeds) 10 cts.; 4 oz. $1.00; oz. $1.75, postpaid. Burpee’s Early Pink Beauty—The color is soft rose-pink on white ground, richer toward the edges, gradually softening in color as it reaches the centre of standard and wings. e flowers are of great size, beautifully waved and finely placed on the immense stems, which usually carry three or four of the magnificent blooms. Pkt. (20 seeds) 25 cts.; 5 pkts. $1.00, postpaid. Burpee’s Primrose Beauty—An attractive and pleasing shade of deep primrose, flushed with rose. Flowers of great size and beautifully waved in true Spencer form. Pkt.(12 seeds) 25 cts.; 5 pkts. $1.00, postpaid. Fordhook Rose—A charming shade of rosy carmine. The flowers are of largest size and usually borne in threes and fours on long stiff stems. Pkt. (20 seeds) 10 cts; %4 oz. $1.10; oz. $2.00, postpaid. Burpee’s Rosy Morn—A magnificent flower of great size and substance. Flowers grown under ordinary field culture have measured fully two inches in diameter. The color is ave g fully two inches in diameter, produced freely in threes and fours on strong stems of great length. Pkt. (12 seeds) 25 cts.; 5 pkts. $1.00, postpaid. Fordhook Pink and White—Similar to the old Blanche Ferry, having a bright rosy $2.25, postpaid. Ray pink standard with creamy white wings lightly suffused rose. Flowers often measure fully Burpee’s Early Sankey—This truly magnificent white was awarded a Special Silver 2% inches in diameter, while the form is perfect. The beautifully waved blooms are carried Medal when exhibited at the great International Show in New York, March 20, 1915, also Cer- tificate of Merit at the Spring Show of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, Philadelphia, March 23, 1915. Pkt. fe seeds) 25 cts.; 5 pkts. $1.00 postpaid. Yarrawa—First exhibited at the great International Flower Show, New York, March, 1914, where we were awarded a Certificate of Merit by the American Sweet Pea Society. Bright rose-pink with a clear, creamy base. Floradale Grown Seed exclusively. Pkt. (30 to 40 seeds) 15 cts.; 2 pkts. for 25 cts.; 14 oz. 60 cts.; oz. $2.00; 14 Ib. $6.00; Ib. $20.00, postpaid. a pleasing shade of rose with crimson-scarlet standard, while the immense flowers are usually borne in threes or fours on stiff, long stems. Pkt. (20 seeds) 15 cts.; 4 oz. $1.25; oz. on stiff stems of great length, usually in threes and often in fours. Pkt. (20 seeds) 25 cts.; 5 pkts. $1.00, postpaid. -\ Write for “Burpee’s Offering” : our Fall catalogue It lists many flowers for fall sowing Wd Sent free upon request W. Atlee Burpee & Co. Seed Growers Burpee Buildings Philadelphia \ TTX: CMMMMME@eq@EEEEEqE@EEEEAEE@EEEEEEEqqqeEEqEeqqEEqq@ECEeEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEeeEEqMWEEeeEeeEEEEEEEEEEEeEecEqCEeEECEZTEEXXEE ‘Lavender King Natural size flower Early Loveliness Single flower, natural size MH@€XTCq¢’!000 Wd Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too SEPTEMBER, 1917 36 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Tg TTT Ez SY Alphano and The Making of Lawns Lawns are heavy and quick feeders. They need large quan- tities of readily available plant food. Spotted or thin lawns are generally starved lawns. Don’t dig them up but save them with Alphano. Use Alphano in making your new lawns. The newly sprouting grass is more delicate than most young vegetable seedlings. It needs a large amount of plant food and moisture. Alphano provides maximum quantities of plant food and holds moisture well. CMC Br Mes my — s Mi ion The Queenly : { - EF Roots, Over a Festiva Maxima : 3 Million Flowers in all its glory in one field Beauty Beyond Compare Without attempting to tax your imagination, we ask you, readers, to think with us, of fields about ten times the size of that shown above. Weask you to forget all about the old-fashioned “‘pineys’’ and learn to think of visions of floral loveliness, combining exquisite colors, well- shaped flowers of great size, with delicate fragrance—and you will understand why we are ‘“‘peony-mad.”” me cannot see Peonies as we see them every spring and not fall in love with them. But you may get a glimpse of what we see, if you plant oe rata 1 riumph Collection 12 Superb Peonies $9 Every one of them a ‘‘triumph’’ of the modern hybridizer’s skill; every one a peerless masterpiece fit to adorn the gardens of those in quest of the proven best. 81—Adolphe Rousseau...... $1. 9—Gigantea 12—Albert Crousse d 80—Grandiflora 170—Auguste Villaume a 18—Mlle. Rousseau 279—Baroness Schroeder J 8—Mireille ; 194—Eugene Bigot 158—Modeste Guerin 380—George Washington 210—Welcome Guest Order by number if you choose and note this ; Special Offer:—Any 6 for $5; the complete assortment of 12 for $9, delivered anywhere in the United States. e is as unique a brochure as it is beautiful. You will find it a Peonies for pleasingly ‘‘different’’ piece of advertising literature because P ] of the total absence of ‘“‘commercialism.’’ It relates how, easure guided simply by the love for Peonies, our Mr. Good sur- rounded himself, in less than a decade, with the greatest collection of Quality kinds and the largest stocks of these varieties 7m the world! With this book in your hands, you will not find it hard to imagine the pleasure in store for you if you invest in Good & Reese perfect Peonies. Nor need it cost you much to materialize your dreams and wishes. Our immense supply of roots enables us to sell at moderate prices. Let us prove this to you by Springfield, Ohio | writing for above Free Book TO-DAY. THE ovine ‘wort | The Good & Reese Co. **speciauses” Renovating Old Lawns Alphano gives old lawns a new lease of life. It builds up the soil beneath them, while invigorating the grass at the same time. For poor soil, use 5 bags for every 1000 (25 x 40) square feet of lawn, while on fairly good soil, 2 bags suffice. Rake or disk harrow’ every square foot thor- oughly, after which spread on Alphano to auniform depth. Rake or harrow in well. Then sow 3 pounds of lawn grass mixture to.each 1000 square feet. A healthy, vigorous, drought resisting lawn will result. Making New and Better Lawns After spading ‘the ground a foot deep, spread Alphano at the rate of 100 to 400 pounds to every 1000 square feet and rake it thoroughly into the soil. Sow your seeds, rake them into the surface and roll. Around newly built homes, where the grading is done with sub- soil, follow up above treatment six weeks later along these lines:—Make a mixture of two-thirds soil and one- third Alphano and spread at the rate of 300 to 500 pounds to every 1000 square feet. ae i 7 What Alphano Really is— Alphano differs from all other humus materials on the market. It is a rich soil humus, concentrated and mixed jwith additional avail- able, plant foods containing Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potash, and fully charged with all the clover and other legume bacteria, to- gether with the independent soil organisms so essential to fertility. It has the good qualities of manure and chemieal fertilizer, with the bad features such as stench, weed seeds and burning action left out. The innoculation feature alone is worth all you pay for the material, and we know of nothing on the market to-day, giving so much humus and plant food value for so little money. Whether you garden on a large or small scale, Alphano Booklet FREE you should use Alphano and know what it will do. It grows everything—vegetables, fruits, flowers. It is a complete organic ferti- lizer, the use of which cannot be overdone. So far as we know, it is the only com- plete organic fertilizer sold with a guarantee, and complying with the fertilizer laws of the various states in which it is offered. It should not be confused with any other so-called humus products on the market. Alphano is a complete organic fertilizer and soil builder. A free book shows how to use it and what its use does. Ask for it or better still, order some Alphano to-day. ; 5-100 lb. bags $5 $12. a ton in bags by carload $15. a ton in bags $10. a ton in bulk by carload F. O. B. Alphano, N. J. ALPHANO HUMUS COMPANY 17-C Battery Place New York 877/87 OX WQ\ HR EW 12 Years on the Half a Million riL ie FCM 20 Million Plants Sold Box 90, Springfield, Ohio oar MMMM MMMM W777) lion of which are Roses Tons Sold N The Readers’ Service is prepared to help you solve your gardening problems Ti, vee SEPTEMBER, 1917 EE Goa RED BN MAGAZINE 37 hire |) ' GARDEN. \ MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER L917 oss “i of, AS Ss. 9 Cee WLC ONTENTS }/ CovER DESIGN—TRAINING THE RECRUIT E. D. Drake PAGE AMONG OUR GARDEN NEIGHBORS- - - - - - 39 Wintering Herbaceous Plants—Peonies That Fit—A Hedge of Lupins—A Rare Poppywort—Pansies all the Year in Tennessee — Chinese Cabbage — Canning Kohl-rabi—A Yellow Tree Peony—A Broomstick Scratcher—More About Intensive Celery Culture— Tulips in the Window Box—Making a Lawn in Fall— Late Strawberry Planting. Six Illustrations THE Montn’s REMINDER - - - - - - - - 42 Butss FoR TWELVE Montus, INDooRS AND OutsE - - - - - W.C.McCollom 43 Photographs by the author I Say: Sow Sweet Pras IN THE FALL FOR Earty Broom - - - - - G.W.Kerr 47 Photographs by the author How BuppING AND GRAFTING ARE DONE F Wm. H.Wolff 48 Illustrations by the author PLANT PEONTIES IN SEPTEMBER - - - - - - Selected illustrations; photographs by H. H. Saylor and W. C. McCollom HANDIING GALLINACEOUS FERTILIZER IN A PracticaL Way - - Sherman R. Duffy 50 Prant Now—or Warr Trt Sprinc? M.G. Kains 51 Photographs by N. R. Graves and others “Pay Your MoNEY AND TAKE Your CHOICE” F.N. Thomas 53 49 Photographs by N. R. Graves Foop AND Home Economies TuaT WILL FINANCE THE WAR - - - - - - - - - - = 54 HE PAtRIoTIC GARDEN - - - - = - = = 55 Fall Preparedness for the Spring Drive—Checking the Invaders—Skirmishing Along the Frost Line— Can’t Buy Fertilizer? Then Grow It. Photograph by W. C. McCollom Forcinc Burps IN A GREENHOUSE - - - - 60 Otp-Time SouTHERN RecrPes - J. M. Patterson 62 Socrety NotEs AND NEwS - - - - - - - 64 VitmorIn, THE LATE PHILIPPEDE - - - - - 64 Dautta FESTIVALS - - - - - - - - - - 64 Why Not Bind Your Magazines? Bound volumes of The Garden Magazine give you an up-to-date Cyclopedia of Horticulture. Six numbers to the volume. Index supplied Free. The cost is only $1.25, when you send back your loose copies. LEONARD BARRON, Eprtor Published Monthly, 25c. a copy. Subscription, Two Dollars a Year. For Canada, $2.35; Foreign Countries, $2.65. COPYRIGHT, I917, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY GARDEN CITY, N. Y. F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer PELE GE RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY, HERBERT S. HOUSTON, Vice-Presidents Secretary Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, Fo > under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 _ Tat &e 7 ea. Sy So ED Oa a SER A Sem BNA YY @ OU EE? G22 9 2D Ee an This house was erected at that most fasHionable of the Northern coasts’ summer resorts, Newport GREENHOUSES One With Four Garden Plots HERE are two compartments or garden plots on either side of the workroom. Those four plots, each 18 feet wide by about 33 long give a wide range of temperature controls. It makes possible the growing of an extensive variety of flowers, fruits, and vegetables. As for the plan itself, much can be said in its favor. The workroom in its central location makes it easy to reach the compartments. It is correspondingly easy to heat, as the distribution of pipes is equal on both sides of the boiler. Should you not care just now to build all four com- partments—then have the two on one side of the work- room erected; and then add the other two later. In thinking of the practicalness of this plan, however, do not lose sight of the practicalness of the right con- struction for the greenhouse part. So much of its continued success, and your continued pleasure in its possession, depends on it, that it might be well to go slow in your selection of the concern whose construction you adopt. We would like the opportunity to tell you fully of the many things about our method of both building and doing business. Things that have earned for us the saying: “You can depend on depending on Hitchings.” Our catalogue you are most welcome to. General Offices and Factory—Elizabeth, N. J. BOSTON 49 Federal Street PHILADELPHIA NEW YORK 40 So. 15th Street 1170 Broadway Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 38 . HE GARD PN MUN Gow 7aleNer OS arn wa nei SORT cn EO ttC_CEC_CEmw_wnGCGC_8; KAKA New Lilacs on [her Own Roots Of late years there has been a multitude of new varieties of Lilacs grown, and some of them have very great beauty; but, unfortunately, almost all the stock offered, both in this country and Europe, has been budded on privet and 1s practically worthless, for Lilacs grown on this are certain to die in a few years. Nurserymen bud Lilacs on privet because they can produce a large stock quickly and inexpensively; but one Lilac on its own roots is worth a score of budded plants. Fifteen years ago we bought all the available stock‘of choice named Lilacs on their own roots in Europe, and since then we have been both growing and buying until we have a very large and fine stock. On account of their starting into growth so early in spring, Lilacs do best when planted in the fall. ll Prices, except where noted $1.25 each, $12 per doz. Alba Grandiflora. Large spikes of pure white flowers. 75 cents. Charles X. Large, shining leaves and great trusses of reddish purple flowers. Congo. Bright wallflower-red. Dame Blanche. Double; white. Dr. Lindley. Large compact panicles of purplish- lilac flowers, dark red in bud. Emily Lemoine. Double; very large flowers of fine globular form. Rosy lilac; beautiful. Geant des Batailles. Bright reddish lilac, in large trusses. Very brilliant and effective. $1. Japonica. We have some extra-large specimen plants of this July-flowering Lilac. Immense spikes of pure white flowers. Jean d’Arc. Double, enormous panicles of very large flowers; pure white. Frau Bertha Damman. One of the very best whites, immense panicles. Lamartine. Large panicles of mauve-rose flowers; very early. 75 cents. La Ville de Trayes. Large purplish-red flowers. Extra large six part plants. $2 each. Leon Simon. Double compact panicles; bluish- crimson. Lemoinei flore pleno. Double; carmine-violet. $1. Le Gaulois. Double; dark red. Extra-largeplants, $1.50 Madame Lemoine. Superb; double; white. Marie Legraye. Large panicles of white flowers. The best white Lilac. $1. Michael Buchner. Dwarf plant; very double; pale lilac. Mathieu de Dambasle. Double, carmine violet. Extra large; heavy plants. $1.50. : Negro. Dark violaceous purple. President Carnot. Double; lilac tint, marked in centre with white; extra-large, fine truss. $1; extra heavy, $2. President Grevy. Double; vinous violet. Souvenir de Louis Spaeth. Most distinct and beautiful variety; trusses immense; very large, com- pact florets; deep purplish red. Taussaint Laurentine. Dark crimson. Villosa. A late-flowering species, blooming a month later than other varieties, with deep pink flowers; extremely free-flowering and effective. Makes alarge, splendid specimen. 50 cents. Virginite. Pure white. Viviand Morel. Extra-long spikes of large, double flowers of light bluish lilac, with white centres. Wm. Robinson. Double; violaceous pink. The flower-trusses are extra large and the bush is vigorous and hardy. Charles Joly. Double; blackish red; distinct and extra fine. Miss Ellen Willmott. Double; pure white; a splendid new variety. $2. é : The present day perfection cf development in the Lilac is fairly represented by Dame Blanche which has Waldeck Rousseau. New. Double; elegant panicles, 1 foot large branched thyrses of large double white flowers long; pale pink flowers. $2. Our Fall Catalogue of Hardy Plants, Peonies, Roses, Trees, Shrubs and Bulbs is now ready and will be sent on request Elliott Nursery Company, 307 Magee Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. Im ID UU0UCUuwUjVtCG'F LI imuiUtUUt(UCU (G(iti:i:iiittittttttttntttt The Readers’ Service is prepared to help you solve your gardening problems The Garden Magazine <4 \, E _ VOLUME XXVI SEPTEMBER, 1917 Wintering Herbaceous Plants.—Since writ- ing the notes about the newer perennials (published in last month’s GARDEN Macazine) my experience with Thalictrum dipterocarpum leads me to believe that to insure its wintering oyer safely (in this section, at all events) it 1s necessary to select for it a particularly well drained spot in the border-and give it some protection. I think, however, that it 1s mainly the damp and not the cold that proves fatal to it; plants under sashes have always wintered over perfectly for me, without mats or any other covering, beyond the single thickness of glass —Frank M. Thomas, Penn- sylvania. Peonies that Fit—I want help! All the Peonies in the lists of the dealers are alike in merit, but I want relative facts about some good varieties to buy at a moderate price, say about $2 for two-year roots. Please suggest these varieties: (1) a white with as much yel- low as possible, (2) a different shade of red than Felix Crousse, and (3), a different pink from M. Jules Elie—E. 4. WV., —I suggest, for the first, Solfatare, or Duc de Wellington; for the second, Adolphe Rousseau, Raphael, Wisleant Mme. Bucquet, or Edouard André; for the third, Livingstone, Albert Crousse, Eugénie Werdien Delicatissima, or Triomphe de l’Exposition de Lille—/. P. S A Hedge of Lupins.—We have invariably found that the most pleasing effects in and about the garden are the outcome of natural grouping and not the result of studied arrange- ment. Few spots on our “domain” can rival in attractiveness the one glorified by a big clump of golden Day Lilies veiled in a mist of wind-sown white Columbine, beneath the drooping branches of an old apple tree; or the tall, glowing “lamps” of Phlox against a curtain of wild Clematis that sways down from the trees. And so, too, it was almost by chance that our Lupin hedge came about. One spring we had sown a row of them, and when they came up very thickly they were neglected. The following year, they were a mass of enormous clumps far overcrowding the allotted space. A curving piece of turf surrounding a well is separated from the vegetable garden by a row of big red-currant bushes, and the cultivated space intervening between them and the grass plot suggested a border. So one rainy ‘afternoon the Lupins Copyright, 1917, by Doubleday, Page & Co. were laboriously dug up, separated into smaller clumps by a process of “short division” and hastily set close together in a line following the curve of the turf. The rain continued to water them, and we gave them no care, or scarcely a thought till they began to bloom. How they flourished! Our hedge was the ad- miration of all the passers-by, and the spikes The Neighbors’ q In reviewing the present situation, so far as it concerns those who have had the privilege of ‘“‘doing their bit” in increased food crop produc- tion, Secretary of Agriculture D. F. Houston says: q “The producers have responded promptly to the appeal issued by the President at the beginning of the war, and Nature has been bountiful. The time has come for us, as con- sumers and conservers, to do our share. q “Any housewife who desires addi- tional information is urged to get in touch with local organizations or with the local representatives of the Department of Agriculture, the State Agricultural Colleges, or directly with the Department of Agriculture in Washington, which will mail free of charge, on receipt of a post card re- quest, literature covering all phases of canning, drying, preserving, pickling and the home storing of perishable fruits and vegetables. q “By cooperating with the Depart- ment at this time, the women of the country can render a definite national service.” Present Duty of bloom we cut from it were legion—thus in- creasing the abundance of flowers. They were, for the most part, the shades of blue, with a chance grouping of white at one end which straggled off artistically down the line and was lost among the blue ones. Seen from the street, beyond the fruit-hung currant bushes, with the vivid green of lettuce beneath them, they were most effective. This year we have tried to create as good an effect, in 39 NuMBER 2 IGHBORS imitation of the other natural one, by starting another hedge of various pink varieties, shad- ing down to a group of white ones. If some of you find yourselves overburdened with Lupins, perhaps you may like to “go and do likewise.” —Charlotte Brassey-Brierley, Maine. A Rare Poppywort.—It is customary to dismiss Meconopsis from further attention, remarking that our atmosphere is too dry for their family. But under date of August 11, Mr. A. E. Dharcher of Bar Harbor, Me., tele- graphed that “M. integrifolia opened perfect flowers.” This is one of Mr. E. H. Wilson’s notable discoveries in herbaceous plants and Mr. Thatcher flowers it for the first time in America. We shall refer to the subject again next month.—L. B. Pansies all the Year in Tennessee—For three years I have not planted a seed and have Pansies every month in the year. About July or August, I allow the seed pods to ripen and sometimes even before, for it seems 1m- possible to keep all the blooms picked. I leave the old plants until they become ex- haused. By the time I pull them up, I find under the old plants many young seedlings. If too thick, I transplant. In April, May, and June they are at their height. The bed is a solid mass of blooms. About once a month they are given liquid fertilizer (rather weak) by lifting the stems and pouring on the roots. In that way, the foliage and blooms are not in- jured. Sometimes in early spring, they are given a little pulverized sheep manure, but use it with care, for itis very strong. In the fall, I mulch with small leaves, such as Elm or Per- simmon, leaving it on in the spring, so the bed is really covered with leaf mould most of the time, which keeps their roots cool and moist. In December, ten days after zero weather, I gathered a dozen blooms (big heads but short stems), I must add they were under six inches of snow when the zero weather came, so of course were protected. I give water liber- ally in dry seasons, but they are usually able to stand weather conditions, as well as other flowers. They have only one enemy that I know of and that is the cutworm, but by being an “early bird,” I usually catch the worm, for he is not far away and always leaves signs of his work—B. N. Tomlinson, Tenn. 40 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1917 Chinese Cabbage.—The one difficulty in the growing of pe-tsai or Chinese cabbage is found in its exasperating tendency to go to seed before making heads of edible size. Often- times the only way to obtain a good crop is to Chinese cabbage, pe-tsai, is a useful summer salad sow the seed as late as early July. Fortun- ately this vegetable makes rapid growth, but it is desirable for the table in midsummer, when lettuce is not at its best. It has been my experience that there is wide variation in the different strains of Chinese cabbage. That which I planted last year early in the spring gave a summer crop that bothered me but little by seeding. ‘This year’s seed from an- other source was very much less satisfactory. I believe that the way to have pe-tsai when we want it is to save seed from chosen plants which head up well and early and to continue the process of selection until a good strain is obtained. This is an excellent vegetable and rapidly growing in popularity among people who are fond of salad plants. Eaten with sugar like lettuce it is delicious. Some New hybrid Tree Peony, La Lorraine, which has flowers of rich yellow, maroon red at centre of the greenhouse men are considering the commercial growing of Chinese cabbage under glass in winter, and last season one of the fancy grocery stores in Boston was selling it until well into the winter.—E£. I. Farrington, Mass. Canning Kohl-Rabi—My experiences in canning kohl-rabi may be of some value now that the cry is “‘canall youcan.” I found kohl-rab1 a very welcome change from the commoner vegetables during the winter. As an experiment I tried a few cans, using only small ‘‘roots,”’ about two and one half inches in diameter. They matured to this size in about eight weeks. If left too long they become hard and stringy. One advantage in growing them for canning is that they may be planted closer because they are picked before they begin to crowd. I plant the seed in drills one foot apart and about four inches apart in the rows. In canning I generally quarter the kohl-rabi, but some of the smallest I put in whole. I place them in a muslin bag in boiling water. After ten minutes I dash them into cold water in order to shrink them. Even the small shrink- age which they undergo helps to make the cans full when the process is finished. Then I fll the cans or jars, packing in the pieces as solidly as possible. A ‘teaspoonful of salt is put on top and hot water poured over it until the can is full, up to half an inch of the top. This both dissolves the salt and distributes it evenly throughout the can or jar. Then the cover is soldered on in the case of the can or the cover of the.jar is laid on. The small centre hole of the tin can cap is left open, and the jar tops are only fastened lightly if at all. The cans are placed in the boiler with the water up to an inch of the top on the outside of the jars or cans and they are boiled for two hours. They are then taken out and the small centre hole is sealed and the cans are put back. If working with jars it is best to keep them in the water while clamping down the tight clamp, as a draft of air might crack the glass. The cans and jars are now totally immersed and boiled for two hours more. Then let them cool standing in the boiler as the water cools. I have also canned kohl-rabi and carrots to- getherand found that the peculiar combi- nation of cabbage and turnip taste in the kohl-rabi makes a pleasing addition to the car- rot flavor.—Curtis Fisher Day, Somerville, Mass. A Yellow Tree Peony.—The accompanying illustration shows the yellow Tree Peony, La Lorraine, raised by Lemoine from P. lutea and P. Moutan, and of which a few plants are being grown by two or three prominent Peony growers of America. It was shown in splendid form at the recent exhibition at Phila- delphia by Mr. Farr; Mr. Havemeyer has dis- played it before the Horticultural Society of New York. The color is rich creamy yellow, with maroon red blotch at the base. Stems strong and woody. Foliage like the ordinary Tree Peony with purple on the midrib and pe- tiole. It flowered for the first time in 1904, and has received numerous awards since—Paris, 1909, Ghent 1913, London 1913. The plant is apparently hardy. Our photograph was made at Rochester, N. Y., in June last.—L. B. A Broomstick Scratcher—The days of backache are here! The first fine ecstasy of beginning our gardens is over, and now the weeds crop up and the soil bakes and cracks. Any woman who isn’t accustomed to using the ordinary garden tools finds them heavy and cumbersome, and she is hunting for something lighter to break up the crust of the hard baked soil. The only thing on the market seems to be a little short handled cast iron scratcher that you have to get down on your hands and knees to use—a back breaking process. There is, however, a very efficient little scratcher that any one with a little mechanical ability can make out of an old broomstick and a few feet of wire that will do more to lighten the drudgery of caring for a garden than any- thing else I know of. Mr. Harold Hume, of Glen St. Mary’s, Florida, was the first one so far as I know to make one of these broomstick scratchers. In the light soil of Florida his little “Chinese garden” as he called it (that supplied all his vegetables), was cared for en- tirely with a little tool of this character. After seeing Mr. Hume’s tool, Mr. Fairchild went to work and made a lot of them for our own use and for our friends, and we couldn’t get along without them now. ‘The teeth of this little cul- tivator are made of pieces of heavy wire bent easily made, is an effective lightweight tool The ‘‘broomstick scratcher,’ like the teeth of a rake, but there are only three of them and they are much longer and farther apart so that one can scratch all around and even over little plants. The teeth are held together either with some solder or else by twisting a finer piece of wire around them. This makes a tool much like the hand culti- vator to be had at any store, only it is larger and much lighter in weight. The whole is then attached to the handle of an outworn broom. The completed tool is so light and so effective that it really is a pleasure to use it. It won’t take out big weeds, those you will still have to pull out by hand, but if you use this little cultivator often enough the weeds won’t have much chance to grow. The ground won’t bake hard either if it is often stirred and the moisture will be kept in the soil. When you have made one of these broom- stick scratchers, as we call them, and have found out what a real help it is, make a few SEPTEMBER, 1917 more and give them to your friends, for if it 1s a patriotic duty to have a garden oneself, why is it not also a patriotic act to help one’s neighbors make their gardens successful? Let us help all we can, and I know of no better way than to give them a tool like the one I have described.— Marian Fairchild, Washington, D. C. More About Intensive Celery Culture.— Since reading in the June issue Mr. Allen’s descrip- tion of his method of raising celery by “the New Culture,” I am led to think others might be interested in my method, which is even more intensive. Last summer from a pe con- taining about 170 sq. ft. I cut and sold at the wholesale price of eight cents a bunch, between $20 and $24 worth of celery. This 12 to 14 cents a square foot might easily have been increased to 20 cents if I had retailed. The soil was poor and looked ut- terly unsuitable for cel- ery; but I had no better place vacant at the time. On July 17th, I set 600 plants. of Golden Self Blanching and Easy Blanching celery in twelve rows of fifty each, the plants five inches apart in rows and seven inches between rows; fourteen inches between every four rows thus making beds of four rows each. [I had ordered a hundred pounds of cattle manure and the like quantity of prepared humus butdid not receive these until nearly two weeks later when the mixture was applied between the rows and hoed in as well as could be done without injuring the roots. On August 28, I began cutting only two or three days after putting on the first celery bleachers and a week later was cutting from a dozen to a dozen and a half bunches daily. Though I put two stalks in most bunches many stalks were large enough to sell alone at ten cents. My garden had not had celery before, and by using thecommercial manureand humus and watering daily and very thoroughly and spraying the young plants with bordeaux two or three times I had no trouble with rust. —N. S., Virginia. Ie CROCUSES A Bulb Planter—Last season I made a very useful bulb planter out of simple mater- ials. This enabled me to get my bulbs in at the best depth without any trouble at all. The point has recently been shown to be one of considerable importance for bulbs placed at too great or too little a depth do not give good results. As can be seen from the picture a stoutish stake was secured. This was be- tween a foot and eighteen inches in length, and it was pointed at one end. At intervals in the stick holes are bored in the sides into which wooden labels can be inserted. Each label bears the name of a particular class of bulbs, and these can be inserted at the height most suitable for the kind. Thus Narcissus do best when planted six inches; that is the base of the bulb is this distance below the surface. The - depth for Tulips and Hyacinths is four inches, and that for Crocuses and other small bulbs two and a half inches. Of course when using the planter only one wooden label is in at a THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 41 time according to the kind of bulb being handled.—S. L. B., England. Tulips in the Window Box.—As a plant for the window box the Tulip would appear to have been neglected. As most window boxes are so securely fastened that to remove them means some little trouble, a box of tin or light wood should be made of a size to fit snugly into the window box. Into this second box, the Tulips are planted. Only the early or bedding varieties are recommended. A good potting soil will suit the bulbs which are set at a depth of about three inches so that they may be covered with at least two inches of the soil. They are spaced three inches. Settle the soil by watering freely, but do not pack down with the hand. Then bring the box outdoors in a well drained location, covering all to a depth of two or three inches. The Tulips will behave exactly as they would if set out in a bed for spring bloom. Naturally the boxes are to be prepared at the same time that bulbs for bed- ding purposes are set out. In spring when the Tulips begin to peer through the soil in the box, which can easily be determined by removing some of the extra soil covering, set the box into the window box where the gen- ial warmth of the sun with good watering will develop bloom alittle earlier than those in beds. On the other hand if you do not care to go to this trouble give your order to your florist and he can have the Tulips ready in time to shift them into the window boxes. Indeed, he can force the bulbs along a little bit and give you Tulip bloom as early as may be deemed safe in your locality. A hard frost will not interfere with the bloom of a Tulip and furthermore Tulips can be shifted when in bloom, though you will get the longest blooming period when they are shifted before the buds have opened. —C. L. Meller, N. Dak. Making a Lawn in Fall.—This is an ex- cellent time to remodel or make a new lawn. I speak from experience. A year ago [ had a very unsightly lawn; originally it had been improperly graded, and, knowing it must at some convenient time be redone, weeds had been allowed full sway. The first of last September the lawn was peeled, and then gone over with pick and spade to a depth of fifteen or eighteen inches and all weed roots removed. The soil was then made very fine, heavily fertilized with bone meal, and at daybreak one fine morning when not a breeze was stirring to Use Tulips for the window box. They give early color carry the light seed other than where wanted a combination of Blue-grass and Red-top (the best mixture, apparently, for this region) was thickly and evenly sown, being lightly raked in and rolled. Sticks with white strips of cloth tied upon the ends, which gaily waved in the breezes, were placed about and kept the spar- rows from picking up the seed. Nature was kind, adding the last requisite, a gentle rain, and in a very few days the entire lawn was a most beautiful carpet of living green. Early this spring White Clover was very sparingly sown over the surface before it was rolled. Some weeds such as dandelion, plantain and dock, have appeared, as well as some annuals. No attention was given to annuals, but all perennial weeds have been carefully removed, a little soil and grass seed in each case ap- plied, and the wound carefully patted down, and this procedure will be persisted in yearly. There is not a bare spot anywhere. The accompanying picture with its pleasing back- ground of flowers and shrubbery, also fall planted, does not begin to give an adequate idea of this beautiful September made lawn. Not only is this time of the year desirable for the production of a good lawn, but fall usually affords greater leisure than spring; the ex- perienced gardener realizes the necessity of doing everything which it is possible to do in the fall to relieve the congestion of thespring’s work, and the making of a sizeable lawn is no small task if well done.—R. R. 4., Jamestown, N.Y. Late Strawberry Planting.—] was startled to read in August Garden Magazine that planting could be done as late as November ro—but then, New Jersey is not Massachusetts! We plant here in August.—G. WV. 4. [—Of course the farther north the earlier the advent of winter.—Ed.| Is fall planting practical?—Everything in the garden, shrubs, trees, lawn and border was fall set THE MONTH’S REMINDER PREPARE FOR THE HARVEST—GARDENING FOR THE WINTER—LATE WORK OUTDOORS O OTHER month in the garden calendar is so likely not to be used to full advantage by the average gardener as this fine month of September. With weather favorable for good growth; with cool late afternoons which still give opportunity for a little garden work “after hours”; with any number of things that can be done now instead of being put off until the crowded weeks of next spring—with all these there is little excuse for the gardener who cannot find plenty of opportunities for all his energies and his skill. A Chance on Late Plantings WHILE too late for many of the things which could be planted last month, there are nevertheless a number which can still be put in with a fair chance that they will “come through” in time. Even fairly well north, there are still some sixty days of grow- ing weather probable. This means that radishes, lettuce, spinach, and turnips may still be planted; while even with early beans and beets one can well afford to take a “sporting chance.” Beans that are pro- tected from the first frost by leaves, hay, or irrigation are likely to bear a good crop after- ward. Beets will of course not mature, but they will have time, with fair luck, to reach the size when they are most delicious for eat- ing, and the tender roots may be canned. Get Ready—And Then Get Busy! WHILE a last pot shot at vegetable planting may be taken, still that 1s only a minor part of the month’s work, and no good gardener will feel that he has “done his bit” of fall planting if he stops there. The plantings of perennials, shrubs, evergreens, and hardy bulbs that should. be made during the next six weeks are among the most im- portant things in the year’s programme. If your orders for all these things have not yet been sent in, send them in at once. No need of waiting to get catalogues. Better still, however, look through the advertising pages of this month’s and last month’s GARDEN MacazineE, and order direct from the items described and offered there. Don’t be among those who feel that this year may not be the one to plant. Every tree and shrub you set out will within a very few years have added many times its own cost to the value of the place as a whole. Put your place in shape to command its share of the rising real estate values which the next few years will see. «‘ Plenty to Eat and Dry Feet ’’ "THERE is no black art about fall planting; commonsense and care tellj in good re- sults. There are a few general principles which should be kept in mind for all fall plant- ing. Be sure the drainage 1s good! his is even more important now than in spring planting, as the results of poor drainage are likely to be fatal, due to rotting or to freezing. To improve drainage prepare new beds or borders, or the holes where trees or shrubs are to go, by digging out and putting in a layer of cinders or some similar coarse porous material. If any of the spots to be planted are so low that the use of drain tile is necessary to carry off surplus water, by all means do the required draining before planting is begun. Most of the plants set out in the fall will re- main in the same places for a number of years, if not for life; and they need something that will stay by them. They can get it in well rotted manure and coarse ground bone. For bulbs, hardy Lilies especially, the manure may better be omitted, and fibrous compost used in its place. A generous amount of ground limestone (not burned or caustic lime) will also be a good precautionary investment, except in the case of those few plants which prefer an acid soil, like Rhododendrons and their kin. Getting the New Plants Transplanted HE plants of various kinds, started in July or August for new beds or for wintering over, will require attention again this month. Unlike dormant plants set out in the fall, these things should make as much growth as possible after transplanting. There- fore set into permanent positions as soon as possible—that is, as soon as they are large enough to transplant well, and conditions for transplanting are favorable. Pansies, English Daisies, and other similar things which make a compact bushy growth will require no pruning back, but those with very large leaves, or tend- ing to make a tall, single-stalk early growth, may profitably be cut back a third or so when being moved. A little tankage, chicken or sheep manure used when transplanting will help to keep these young plants growing vigor- ously until their natural time to cease growth for the winter; but be careful not to overstimu- late them, especially if they have not been making very rapid growth in the seedbed, be- cause of poor soil, dry weather, etc. Putting the Garden Indoors ON’T make the mistake of leaving plants designed for winter use, whether vege- tables or flowers, where they are growing until actual freezing weather threatens. As soon as DO THIS MONTH Make the Jast succession plantings. Begin fall planting of perennials, shrubs, etc. Prepare beds and borders for late fall planting. Get ready for early harvesting. Build new coldframes and hotbeds, and Overhaul and repair the old ones. Put the greenhouse in shape for the winter. Begin planting under glass. Put in plants for winter bloom. Make or remake the /awn now. Keep the new strawberry bed in shape. Sow cover crops wherever possible. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. We 8. 9. they are large enough to transplant shift to frames or greenhouse, to get established under conditions as nearly as possible like those in which they have been growing. Be careful to have the frames or benches filled with soil that is both rich and clean. One danger point in getting lettuce, or stocks, or pinks, or other plants into winter quarters under glass is the effect of the sun through the glass. Weak whitewash or other temporary shading on the glass (outside), or cloth sash or even newspa- pers over the plants, for a few days after transplanting, will help greatly in getting them used to their new quarters. Water should be given rather sparingly until they be- come established, but frequent sprinkling or syringing of the walks, benches, etc., if the weather is hot and bright, will be of very material benefit. A little nitrate of soda— using about a tablespoonful to the 12-quart watering can—will show marked results if applied as soon as the plants are well rooted. 42 Begin Planting Under Glass ET started with first fall crops from seed, like radishes and beans; and also sowings for later plantings of lettuce. The more growth they can make with the sash off entirely, or all the “air” that you can give them, the better; they will be healthier, and you will not have to wait so long for the first good things from indoors. The Early Frost Gets the Slow Gardener EVERY two or three years old General Jack Frost catches a bunch of careless gardeners napping. He makes a flying trip without previous warning, and gets such easily injured things as beans, sweet corn, cucumbers, and tomatoes. Therefore the careful gardener takes pains not to get caught unawares as “first frost”? date for his section approaches; not the average date on which the first occurs, but the earliest on which it has been known to occur—which is about three weeks in advance of the average. A week or more before that time, begin to reduce any surplus there may be. The tomatoes, of course, are good for any number of pickles and preserves. But in addition to that, the best of the full-grown but green fruits may easily be kept and gradually ripened by storing them in leaves or hay in a dry warm place —like an empty coldframe, with sash handy for cold nights and wet weather. Cucum- bers gathered green and kept in a rather cool, moist place, out of the light, will re- main in good condition for a long time, but if merely “touched” by the frost they will spoil very quickly. Get Ready With New Frames IF YOU have never before had a coldframe, make up your mind to get one ready at once. Even if you have to begin at the be- ginning in learning to “run” it, the practice you can get this fall will stand you in good stead in the spring. Moreover—the frame will be ready for you! Don’t be in the army of “wishers” again next March. At a reasonable cost you can get your frame, as well as the glass “‘sash” which goes on top of it, all cut and ready to put together in a jiffy; nothing for the man who receives it to do but put a few bolts in place and dig a little hole. It will also be wise to thoroughly overhaul the old frames at this time. Every cracked glass in the greenhouse, even if it is in no danger of coming out now, should be relaid in fresh putty and made absolutely firm, or better still replaced with a whole new light, using the one removed, for a sash or plant forcer. A glass once cracked is almost sure to cause trouble later on—and at just the worst time. Don’t Forget the Winter Overcoat N THE tush of work there will be if you try to attend to everything that can be done to advantage this month, don’t forget to put a cover crop on every square foot of the garden that is cleared, just as fast as it is cleared, or before. You can rake up the ground and sow between the rows of late crops, such as onions and carrots and late potatoes, and the last planting of sweet corn. The more green stuff you can have to fork or plow under in the spring, the better your vegetable garden will be next season. Herein lies the first step in preparedness for next year’s food campaign!—|See page 58| A good succession—three lots of Fréesia in this greenhouse in proper relationship Outdoors the hardy bulbs are excellent for naturalizing in wide stretches or in the shrubbery Bulbs for Twelve Months, Indoors and Outside NY one ought to be able to get flowers from bulbs, because the flower is al- ready inside the bulb when received and the process of development is so simple as to be almost mechanical. As a class, bulbs will give great returns for the labor invested. The more common kinds will stand neglect and abuse with practically little, if any, result on their flowering. This, of course, does not constitute a reasonable ex- cuse for neglecting them entirely, as they are very responsive to good treatment and indeed this elasticity in their culture makes them “every man’s flower.” Even without a green- house fresh flowers can be had—from bulbs— all through winter. For early flowers in the formal garden, where can you find even an acceptable substitute? For naturalization they excel. A strip of woods or a meadow bog can be made into a veritable fairyland, and what would a rockery be without its little Scillas and Grape Hyacinths. Though bulbs are generally looked upon as spring flowers (it is true that the majority of those more commonly used, do flower in spring), there are others that flower during the summer and fall and, by proper selection, it is possible to have bulbs which flower every month, from the little Snowdrop in March, until September when the Fall Crocus (Colchicum) sends up its weird attractive flowers. “Don’t buy cheap bulbs.” This is not given as a reprimand, but rather as ad- vice. Bear in mind, that prac- tically all individuals of a given variety look very much alike. ; Yet some might be dear at one cent each, others cheap at five Before covering up to get root growth the bulbs are watered. Each lot is carefully labeled W. C. McCOLLOM At this writing there seems to be a reasonable prospect of an adequate sup- ply of Dutch bulbs reaching America for planting this fall. It has been officially stated that an agreement has been entered by all authorities concerned covering the ne- cessities of the case. It may probably be assumed, how- ever, that the supply will be limited and the necessity of early reservations is apparent, for “first come first served.” It is also reported that a small supply of domestic grown bulbs will be avail- able, but this source is not as yet de- veloped sufhciently to offset the foreign conditions to any appreciable degree; and for some years to come, even under the best of circumstances, the domestic industry must of necessity be small. cents each. These bulbs have been carefully selected by experienced men in the field where they are collected and sorted according to their value, and I am always willing to accept these experts’ appraisal of value over my own judgment. I therefore make a practice of buying the best, which (I must confess, how- ever) is judged on a price basis by going to a responsible concern. It is safe to shop on this method. “Buy early, plant early,” is another bit of advice that has been shouted so long and loud that it seems to be almost over-familiar, like the customary “Vote early”’ preélection slo- gan of the newspapers. But every day counts. Remember that bulbs have a limited time in which to make roots to sustain them over the winter and the better the root system devel- oped before the advent of exceeding cold, the better the results when flowering time arrives. pD° NOT imagine for a moment that by delaying your planting you are saving money because bulbs are getting cheaper. True, prices will be lower later on not because time is getting shorter, but simply because every selection from stock means that the better bulbs are taken out, until by the time the very cheap offers are made only the culls are left. Like most other things, bulbs delight in good treatment. Good wholesome growing conditions; good things to eat, and plenty to drink. These given and good results are certain. In eatables they prefer well-rotted manure, spaded into the ground to a depth of 43 about twelve inches but, lacking this, de- cayed vegetation or fertilizer may be used. They are water lovers and some substance which is retentive of moisture will be most satisfactory. Manure, therefore, serves a double purpose; it catches and stores the mois- ture, subject to the call of the plant and, de- composing slowly, releases foods in about the proportion that the plants assimilate it. The general rule for planting bulbs is to plant the bottom of the bulb about four times the depth of the bulb below the surface. In case of any divergence from this rule, I prefer deeper rather than shallower planting, as strong bulbs are sure to come through and the weak ones are a failure even under favorable conditions. Deep planting also encourages deep rooting. Planting for the Greatest Display FORMAL plantings offer a varied field of the most exacting nature. Of course bulbs selected for this purpose must all flower at one time in order to get the desired effect. It is also essential that all the varieties be in a combination of uniform height. Different varieties of the same type may be used to give some color scheme but do not mix Tulips and Narcissi, for instance. Beds for formal planting needs be prepared thoroughly, of an even texture to assure identic conditions. The customary method is to spade or fork under some manure, leaving the surface smooth and evenly raked. Then the bulbs are placed at uni- form distances, starting in the centre, using a Lifting from the outdoor trench ready to be taken inside for ‘‘forcing’’ into bloom 44 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1917 plank to prevent tramping the soil unevenly. The planting should be done with a dibber planting tool that can be made from the handle of a spade or fork sawed off about six inches below the grip. This is forced into the ground to an even depth, thus assuring uniform plant- ing. Plant the bulbs from four to six inches apart and preferably on a little sand. Dutch Hyacinths are specially adapted for formal plantings. They offer a good range of colors in shades of blue, red, yellow, and white First step in potting. Alayer of rough material to give drainage and are extremely fragrant. Their solid masses of color and extreme earliness make them very popular. Single Early Tulips of which there are numerous varieties ranging in the various shades of scarlet, crimson, red, yellow, orange, pink, violet, white, etc., are excellent for Individual bulbs placed securely on the soil of the partly filled pot bold colors in the Tulips and judgment must be used for the production of well blended color plantings. Double Tulips might also be used, but they flower later and must not be mixed with the early singles. Late flowermg Tulips such as Picotée, Maiden’s Blush, Bridesmaid and other var- ieties, including the Parrot Tulips, are also fine when massed together. Each must be used separately; any attempt to mix them in formal plantings will result in failure. The “coup de maitre” for formal plantings 1s the beautiful Darwin Tulip, standing three feet high with long graceful stems and keeping for weeks in perfect condition. The range of colors is all that could be desired, carmine, maroon, rose, salmon, blue, white and almost a perfect black. They are worthy of a setting all their own in any garden. formal plantings. There are numerous strong, Narcissus and Daffodils of various types can well be used in formal plantings. The singles are by far the surest and most satisfactory but the sweet smelling Jonquils might also be in- cluded but not actually mixed—i. e., the true rush-leaved, not the so-called of the cut flower | men which is a Trumpet Daffodil. When the garden consists of a number of beds, some might be devoted to different varieties such as the Jonquil, Poet’s Narcissus, and the Polyan- thus type. After the bulbs have finished their flowering, Finish off by pressing the soil firmly about the bulbs and covering their tops they may be lifted and placed on their side in shade, as somewhere on the north side of a building where the bulbs will ripen. Handled thus the bulbs may be used for several seasons; Narcissus even for a period of many years. Take care that the varieties are not mixed and that Tulips are not kept until they are a failure before replacing the bulbs. The space in the Bulbs for Forcing in the Greenhouse or Dwelling HEIGHT WHEN TO DISTANCE DEPTH TO SEASON OF SUAS COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME NDS: UNSER OG : IN REMARKS NCHES July—Nov Japanese Lily Lilium speciosum 6-7 inch potst | 4-6 inches Dec.—Apr 24-48 | Cold storage bulbs available for early forcing Aug.—Sept Brodiaea Brodiaea 4 inches 2 inches Feb.—Apr 12 Very delicate flower for cutting Aug.—Sept *Freesia Freesia refracta 3—4 inches 2 inches Dec.—Apr. 12-24 j One of the best of all for cutting Aug.—Sept *Roman Hyacinth Hyacinthus orientalis alba 4 inches 4-6 inches Nov.—Apr 12 Forces well; free flowering; very fragrant Aug.—Sept *Madonna Lily Lilium candidum 6-7 inch pots} | 4-6 inches Jan.—Apr 36-72 | Small flowering type; long spikes; good cut flower Aug.—Sept *Easter Lily Lilium Harrisii 6-7 inch pots} | 4-6 inches Dec.—Apr, 36-72 | One of the best of all Lilies Aug.—Sept *Calla Lily Richardia aethiopica 6-7 inch pots} | 4-6 inches Dec.—Apr. 36-48 | Requires rich soil and heavy feeding Aug.—Sept Little Gem Calla Richardia aethiopica var. 5-6 inch potst | 3-4 inches Dec.—Apr. 12-18 | Miniature type of the Calla Sept.—Oct *Flowering Onion Allium Moly 4 inches 3 inches Dec.—Apr 12-18 | Very free flowering but of unpleasant odor Sept.—Oct Windflower Anemone Coronaria 6 inches 1-2 inches Feb.—Apr 6 Grow cool; very showy; excellent for cutting Sept.—Oct Mariposa Lily Calochortus 4 inches 3 inches Feb.—Apr. 12 Richly colored flowers; should be more grown Sept.—Oct *Crocus Crocus 3 inches 3 inches Jan.—Apr 6 Very pretty in pans and pots Sept.—Oct Sowbread Cyclamen 6-7 inch pots} | Just covered | Dec.—Apr. 12 Excellent for cutting or pot decoration Sept.—Oct Italian Hyacinth Hyacinthus amethystimus | 4 inches 4—6 inches Jan.—Apr. 6 Graceful flower for cutting; easily forced Sept.—Oct *Dutch Hyacinth Hyacinthus orientalis 4 inches 4—6 inches Jan.—Apr 12 Good range of colors. Both double and single forms Sept.—Oct Cape Cowslips Lachenalia 4 inches 3 inches Feb.—Apr 12 Uncommon bulb; pretty and worth attention Sept.—Oct Jonquil Narcissus Jonquilla 4 inches 4—6 inches Jan.—Apr. 12 Old-fashioned but still popular; sweet smelling Sept.—Oct *Chinese Sacred Lily Narcissus orientalis 4 inches 4—6 inches Nov.—Apr 12 Sweet smelling type is excellent for mixing Sept.—Oct Pheasant’s Eye Narcissus poeticus 3 inches 4—6 inches Feb.—Apr 12 One of the very best for cutting Sept.—Oct. *Single Daffodils Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus | 4 inches 4-6 inches Dec.—Apr. 12-24 | Contains both medium and large trumpet types Sept.—Oct *Double Daffodils Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus | 4 inches 4—6 inches Jan.—Apr. 12 Good for pans but rather heavy for cutting Sept.—Oct *Polyanthus Narcissus Narcissus tazetta 4 inches 4—6 inches Jan.—Apr 12-18 | Contains several small flowering types; very good Sept.—Oct. *Paper-white Narcissus Narcissus tazetta alba 4 inches 4—6 inches Nov.—Apr. 12-18 | Very early; invaluable for cutting Sept.—Oct Guernsey Lily Nerine sarniensis 5-6 inch potsf | Just covered} Jan.—Apr 12-24 | Another type of the Amaryllis Sept.—Oct Star of Bethlehem Ornithogalum-arabicum 6 inches 4 inches Jan.—Apr 12-18 | Very attractive; fine for cutting; should be more grown Sept.—Oct *Oxalis Oxalis 4 inches 2 inches Dec.—Apr 12 Very pretty for hanging baskets and pots Sept.—Oct Buttercup Ranunculus 4 inches 2 inches Feb.—Apr 6 Very showy for growing in pots or pans Sept.—Oct Darwin Tulips Tulipa Gesneriana vars 3 inches 3-4 inches Feb.—Apr. 24-30 | Cannot be forced early Sept.—Oct Late Flowering Tulips Tulipa Gesneriana vars 3 inches 3-4 inches Feb.—Apr 12-18 | Several fine types for late forcing Sept.—Oct *Single Tulips Tulipa suaveolens 3 inches 3-4 inches Dec.—Apr, 12 Earliest type of Tulip for forcing Sept.—Oct *Double Tulips Tulipa sylvestris 3 inches 3-4 inches Jan.—Apr 12 Showy for pots and pans in decorative work Sept.—Dec Lily-of-the-Valley Convallaria majalis 2 inches Just covered | Oct.—Apr 6 Cold storage pips make flowers available at all times Oct.—Nov Sword Lily Gladiolus 3 inches 3 inches Feb.—Apr. 12-18 | Cold storage bulbs are used for early forcing Oct.-Nov French Iris Iris persica 3 inches 3 inches Jan.—Apr 12 Grow cool; don’t attempt to force until late December Oct.—Nov *English Iris Iris xiphoides 3 inches 3 inches Jan.—Apr, 12 Grow cool; use light soil; feed freely after budding Oct.—Nov *Spanish Iris Iris Xiphium 3 inches 3 inches Jan.—Apr 12 Grow cool; excellent for cutting Oct.—-Nov Ixia Ixia 4 inches 3 inches Feb.—Apr. 18 Beautiful cut flower; must be grown cool Oct.—Nov Sparaxis Sparaxis 4 inches 3 inches Feb.—Apr 12 Grow cool; don’t start too early; fine cut flower Nov. White Trumpet Lily Lilium longiflorum 6-7 inch pots} | 4-6 inches Feb.—Apr 24-48 | Most satisfactory for late forcing - Dec.—Jan Belladonna Lily Amaryllis Belladonna 6-7 inch pots} } Just covered | Feb.—Apr. 24-30 | Very showy, flowers sometimes 9-12 inches across * These are the best types for forcing in the dwelling. t Indicates size of pot for single bulb. SEPTEMBER, 1917 TEE GeAek DEN MAGAZINE 45 “Tender bulbs (Lilies and Fr2esias) are best put into a cold frame after potting beds can be planted with other attractive bedding plants for summer. Wild Gardening in Wood and Meadow Ae eee» by one of the most effective uses for bulbs is the so-called naturalization planting. Only such bulbs as keep increasing are used, and they are planted in locations where they may remain undisturbed for years. Meadow bogs that are not too wet, wild gar- dens, around water gardens, woodlands which are not too dense, borders of shrubbery, etc., offer opportunities for the establishment of a permanent planting of bulbs. The Narcissus family unquestionably offers the best bulbs for naturalization. It is reallly astonishing how rapidly the bulbs will increase under favorable conditions especially in a meadow bog or in a strip of oak woods, where the late leafing of the trees is favorable to the development of the flowers be- low. Practically all the more popula types of Narcissus are available. The beautiful native Trillium is invalu- able for woodland planting, its frail, delicate appearance always exciting admiration. In some places the old Tiger Lily can be used and will in- crease very rapidly and several of the Japanese species of Lily, like L. regale are quite adaptable. The Alliums are best suited for wild effects and not the buttonhole use as, belonging to the onion family, they have the odor of their class. Around the base of trees, borders adjoining summer houses, placed where close inspection is invited, Lily-of-the- valley is invaluable. The flowers form a per- fect mat in season and the foliage is attractive the year through. Other small-flower types that may be used are Hyacinth, Scilla, Grape Hyacinth, Crocus, Bulbocodium and Snow- drop. Anemone comes in many beautiful and brilliant colors and shades. The peculiarly colored mottled Fritillary, with drooping, egg shaped flowers will be found satisfactory for shady places, and the Mariposa Lilies (Calo- chortus) may be attempted, but it must have proper drainage and must be amply protected; if the soil be heavy, reeds, boards or other cov- ers must be placed over the plants in fall to shed water as the bulbs will not stand the freezing and thawing conditions of the Eastern winter. Rock Gardens for the Connoisseur UNIVERSALLY the rock garden is fast becoming one of the most popular forms of specialized gardening. There is so much A good bulb. See the flower already formed Space under the greenhouse bench is used for the first step of forcing ingenuity and originality about them that they attract the creative mind. Being com- paratively new in popular favor, we are not confined to paths already hard traveled by others; each gardener hasachance to show what taste and constructive ability he has. Bulbs are indeed indispensable. Of course you use bulbs of permanent character and also avoid showy, gaudy colors, as the tone of a rockery should be subdued. Color? Yes! But quiet and refined, not like a formal garden in front of some large summer hotel. ‘The aim is quite different, one is for effect and the other to attract closer attention and invite detailed 1 in- spection. The small flowering Narcissus such as Poet’s, or Polyanthus types, are permissible in rock gardens,’ but the large flowering ty pe “will be out of place. All small Iflower- ing Cape bulbs (such as Snowdrop, Scilla, Grape Hyacinth, and Crocus), flowering at different periods from March to June offer material for a continuity of bloom. Alliums are among the best bulbs for rock garden planting; their thin drooping foliage and large umbels of dainty flowers can be Hadi in yellow, white, and blue. Trillium must not be allowed to suffer Bulbs for Planting Out-of-doors 2 HEIGHT ee COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME ap ee eee See: EN REMARKS Aug.—Sept. | Madonna Lily Lilium candidum 12-18 inches 12 inches June-July 36-48 | Very fragrant; long spikes; excellent cut flower Sept.—Oct. | Flowering Onion Allium Moly 4—6 inches 4 inches May-June 12 Very free flowering and showy Sept.—Oct. | Windflower Anemone coronaria 4—6 inches 3 inches May-June 6 Must be protected over the winter Sept.Oct. | Meadow Saffron Bulbocodium vernum 4—6 inches 4 inches Mar.—Apr. 3 Very early and somewhat similar to the Crocus Sept.—Oct. | Mariposa Lily Calochortus 4—6 inches 4 inches July—Sept. 12 Must be well protected over the winter Sept.—Oct. | Indian Quamash | Camassia camassia 6-8 inches 4 inches Apr.—May 18-24 | Good cut flower; similar to the Anthericum Sept.—Oct. | Glory-of-the-Snow Chionodoxa Luciliae 4-6 inches 4 inches Apr. 3 Very showy; good for rockeries and wild gardens Sept.—Oct. | Crocus Crocus 4—6 inches 3 inches Mar.—Apr 3 Fine for color masses in early spring Sept.Oct. | Winter Aconite Eranthis hyemalis 4—6 inches 4 inches Mar.—Apr 6 One of our earliest spring flowers : Sept.—Oct. | Crown Imperial Fritillaria imperialis 12-15 inches 9 inches June-July 12-18 FE ine bright colored flower; needs protection Sept._Oct. | Guinea Hen Flower Fritillaria meleagris 8-12 inches 6 inches une 2 Very odd drooping flower of peculiar colors Sept.Oct. | Snowdrop Galanthus nivalis, etc. 4—6 inches 4 inches Mar.—Apr 6 The real harbinger of spring Sept.—Oct. | Italian Hyacinth Hyacinthus amethystinus 6-8 inches 6 inches Apr.—May 12 A little more hardy than the Roman type Sept._Oct. | Feathered Hyacinth Hyacinthus orientalis 6-8 inches 6 inches Apr.—May 6 Very delicate; fine for cutting _ Sept.—Oct. | Dutch Hyacinth Hyacinthus orientalis 6-8 inches 6 inches Apr.—_May 12 Very sweet scented; showy bedding flower Sept.Oct. | Roman Hyacinth Hyacinthus orientalis alba 6-8 inches 6 inches Apr.—May 6 One of the favorites for cutting; fragrant Sept.—Oct. | Wood Lily Lilium canadense 8-12 inches 6 inches May-June 12 One of our best bulbs for naturalizing in woods Sept.Oct. | Grape Hyacinth Muscari botryoides 6-8 inches 4 inches Apr._May 6 One of the best for wild or rock gardens Sept—Oct. | Barrii Daffodils Narcissus Earrii 6-8 inches 4 inches May 12-18 | Small cup type; very fragrant Sept._Oct. | Cyclamen Daffodils Narcissus cyclamineus 6-8 inches 4 inches Apr.-May 2 Very odd bell shaped drooping flowers Sept.—Oct. | Jonquil Narcissus Jonquilla 6-8 inches 6 inches May-June 12-18 | Very fragrant; excellent for cutting Sept.—Oct. | Leedsi Daffodil Narcissus Leedsii 6-8 inches 4 inches May—June 12-18 | Very effective small flowering type i Sept._Oct. | Pheasant’s Eye Narcissus poeticus 6-8 inches 4 inches May—June 12 One of the best for bedding and general planting Sept.Oct. | Double Daffodil Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus | 6-8 inches 6 inches Apr.—_May 12 Showy for color masses Sept.—Oct. | Single Daffodil Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus | 6-8 inches 6 inches Apr.—May 12-24 | Very hardy and spreads persistently. Sept.—Oct. | Scilla Scilla sibirica 6-8 inches 4 inches Apr.—May 6 Earliest blue flower in spring : Sept.—Oct. | Parrot Tulip Tulipa acuminata 8-12 inches 6 inches May—June 12-18 | Very showy; splashed red and yellow colorings Sept-Oct. | Darwin Tulip Tulipa Gesneriana 8-12 inches 6 inches May—June 24-30 | Best Tulip for general planting : Sept._Oct. | Rembrandt Tulip Tulipa Gesneriana 8-12 inches 6 inches May-June 24-30 | Variegated Tulip; tall and stately; fine for cutting Sept.—Oct. | Single Tulip Tulipa suaveolens 6-8 inches 6 inches Apr.—May 12 Earliest flowering type Sept.—Oct. | Double Tulip Tulipa sylvestris 6-8 inches 6 inches May-June 12 Effective for bedding and masses of color Oct.—Nov. | Fall-flowering Crocus Colchicum autumnale 4—6 inches 4 inches Sept.—Oct. 3 Very odd flower, both in color and form Oct.-Nov. | Lily-of-the-Valley Convallaria majalis 12-15 inches 4 inches Apr._May 6 Plant clumps; soon grows to solid masses Oct._Nov. | Summer-flowering Hyacinth | Galtonia candicans 24-36 inches 6-8 inches | July—Aug. 30-36 | Large spikes of graceful drooping flowers Oct.—-Nov. | French Iris Iris persica 4—6 inches 3 inches May—June 2 Excellent type; needs protection _ Oct.—Nov. | English Iris Iris xiphioides 4—6 inches 3 inches May-June 12 Must be well protected to endure winter Oct.—Nov. | Spanish Iris Tris Xiphium 4—6 inches 3 inches May—June 12 Fine cut flower; not a robust grower Oct.—Nov xla Ixia 6-8 inches 4 inches May—June 12 Needs extra care to winter; fine cut flowers Oct.—Nov. | Hybrid Lilies Lihum hybridum 12-18 inches 12 inches July—Sept. 24-48 | Numerous very valuable garden varieties Oct.—Nov. | Tiger Lily Lilium tigrinum 12-18 inches 12 inches July—Aug. 24-36 | Effective in masses for color schemes ; Oct.-Nov. | Buttercup Ranunculus 2-3 inches 3 inches Apr.-May 6 Good for borders and rockeries; needs protection Oct._Nov. | Wand Flower Sparaxis 6-8 inches 4 inches May—June 12 Fine flowezs with extra care of winter protection Nov.—Dec. | Liver Leaf Hepatica triloba‘ 4—6 inches 4 inches Apr._May 6 Attractive little flower for the collector Nov.—Dec Golden Banded Lily Lilium auratum 12-18 inches 12 inches Aug.—Sept. 24-36 | Showiest of all the great family of Lilies 46 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1917 for want of water, especially after flowering. The small flowering Iris such as the Spanish, English, and French types are certainly most beautiful when used in masses. The Mourning Iris (I. Susiana) will respond to the good drainage conditions of therock garden, - and equally because of the steep grades and un- usually good drainage such conditions afford, a number of so-called half hardy bulbs will find congenial quarters. These bulbs decay generally because of excessive moisture caused by the constant changes in our winter weather and, while that condition cannot be changed, its effect can be removed by proper mulching after the ground is once frozen and then in case of thawing, the excess of water drains away quickly. Where the proper protection is applied and the grade is favorable, such bulbs as Mont- bretia, Bulbocodium, Chionodoxa, Colchi- cum, and Camassia may be used. Growing Indoors for Early Bloom NE of the greatest assets of the bulb is its adaptability to house culture. There are two distinct methods; (a) in pots or pans with earth and (b) using water in glasses, etc. Either will give results; but the latter method utterly destroys the bulb which must be thrownaway. My preference is for the former as it looks more natural. For forcing in the house, plant the bulbs just as soon as they can be secured. They may then be placed in a cool cellar, or (preferably) buried out of doors until they make root. The bulbs, however, are hard to get at when wanted during winter, especially during snowy or heavy freezing weather; but when placed in the cellar they must be kept watered as all bulbs delight in an abundance of moisture. When the pots are filled with roots, it is safe to start forcing them as convenient. The water method is essentially the same. Small glasses, holding one bulb, may be used; but better. still use large bowls, about half filling them with clean white pebbles and a little broken charcoal to keep the water sweet. The roots cling to these white pebbles, and will give the bulbs support enough to keep them upright. The bowls or glasses are then put away in a dark, cool cellar until they have made sufficient roots. It is not necessary to change the water, but keep it filled up to a levei, just at the bottom of the bulbs. When the water discolors and it is desirable to change it for sanitary reasons, the new water should be of the same temperature as that removed. All Hyacinths may be forced in this man- ner. Though the Dutch Hyacinth is most commonly used yet the Roman, Italian, and Miniature types are worth while and are quicker. Of the Narcissus family the chaste, fragrant, Paper-white Narcissus is perhaps the best, but any of the single or double Polyan- thus or Jonquil types may be used. Early flowering Tulips are also easy for forcing in the Here’s a trick to be remembered in the spring. Covering bulbs that are pushing up flowers before the leaf growth is made in order to ‘‘draw”’ the leaves house. Any of the “forcing varieties’’ which are simply extra early varieties, can be used for the dwelling. The late flowering Tulips, such as the Parrots and the Darwins, can be forced in the house but not to bloom early; it is not safe to start the late flowering types before the middle of February. Freesias will also do well in the house. These bulbs are not hardy and, planted in August or September, may be placed outside and covered with about two inches of ashes until the growth shows through. They may then be removed to a cellar which is not too dark because since growth has started it is not advisable to stop it entirely. These bulbs will not force well in water. The bulbs may be saved from year to year, in fact the stock can be increased by saving the young bulbs which form freely. ‘This is not true of other forcing bulbs which once forced (in soil) are of no further value for this purpase. They may be used for outside planting but not for forcing again. Crocus and Spanish Iris can also be forced in the house but neither will endure much heat. A cool window or the west side of a house where they get some sunlight will best suit. They must not be forced until they are thoroughly rooted. These two con- ditions cause practically all of the trouble that folks have in forcing these two bulbs—not waiting until the bulbs are substantially rooted or forcing them “too fast’”—which means in too warm a place. Garden Planting in General planting in border shrubberies and ‘OR F such like the hardy bulbs of all kinds are used according to the planter’s fancy. In the perennial border or for mixing with other flowers of any kind Hyacinths are very use- ful. The beautiful Summer Hyacinth (Hya- cinthus or Galtonia candicans) is one of the best bulbs we have, flowering in July and August its tall spikes of drooping white flowers are extremely showy. The Darwin, Gesner- iana, late flowering Parrot, and both double and single early flowering Tulips are all available and indeed the problem is simply one of selecting those that please one’s fancy and are suited for the conditions. The Daffodils afford some of the very best spring flowers and any place will be livened up with the cheerful yellow and white of these old garden favorites. Lilies offer us opportunities that we should not neglect to seize. Some of the most beau- tiful flowers of the garden are in the Lily family and the majority of them are hardy if planted about one foot deep on a little bed of sand made to carry off superfluous water until the bulb gets rooted. The various Japanese Lilies, especially the attractive Orange Lily are fine subjects for the garden. Lilium auratum with its beautiful white with crimson spots and gold band; Lilium Kiraetzeri, an extremely large flowering white lily; Lilium candidum the Madonna Lily, small but extremely prolific; Lilium Brownu, and the beautiful tall Lilium Henryi of an attractive yellow. Crown Imperials are unusual looking plants and could with advantage be used more in garden settings. ‘This plant has large spikes of drooping crimson flowers that are borne in a terminal crown on.a stem often two inches in length. Plant about nine inches deep and mound up the earth to turn water. Frritillaria, Colchicum, Scilla, Snowdrop, Trillium, Allium, and Lily-of-the-valley are all valuable. The management of bulbs in the greenhouse is dis- cussed on another page. Massed plantings before shrubs Scattered plantings in rockery, etc. Iesay: Sow Sweet Peas in the Fall for Early Bloom G. W. KERR, President American Sweet Pea Society [Epiror’s Note: Quiet but potent influences work wonderful changes in living things as time rolls on. Sometimes the evidences are external, and readily observed, at other times they are far more subtle, resulting in changes of the internal vital processes. The Spencer or large flowered type suddenly loomed into being, the plant otherwise being the same as of old; so also have been very remarkable. In the Sweet Pea internal changes the Early-flowering habit crept up and after being recognized gives the start to a Winter-flowering or Early strain which differs from the family tm that one thing. As a result Sweet Pea growing 1s revolutionized.| Why should Sweet Peas be sown in the fall instead of spring? 2. @ Because results are so much better. . Why are results so much bet- ter from fall sowing? A. Because the plants make a much stronger root growth under ideal conditions, come into flower several weeks earlier A comparison of root development. Fall sown Sweet Peas make a greater growth and can better withstand drought than from sowings made in spring, and give a much longer season of bloom. yy EN sowing is delayed until spring it often happens that owing to weather and soil conditions we are not able to get on to the _ground until wellinto April. What is the sequel? The seed may germinate quickly; but, toward the end of May and during June, when we usually have a spell of hot weather, the plants may be six to nine inches in height and the roots may have penetrated the soil to the depth of six inches—but what follows? The An early April view of Sweet Peas sown second week of October, 1916, in frame. First flowers early in May plants if far enough advanced may rush into flower, give a few small blooms, when, owing to insufficient root growth, they are simply cooked in the hot, dry weather, the plants take on a sickly yellow hue, and in course, die. What about our fall sown plants? Assum- ing the seed is properly sown the plants will be well rooted even previous to the winter frosts, and although they may not make much top growth during the mild periods of weather which is usually sandwiched in between spells of frost, say from December until March, yet during all such periods root growth is taking place, with the result that when mild weather comes in March the plants may only be three or four inches in height, but the roots will have penetrated the soil to a depth of twelve inches or more, and top growth then commences in earnest. In this section (Philadelphia) such plants will begin blooming during May. If early varieties are used flowers may in early seasons be cut by the end of April, and the plants will continue blooming for many weeks. Ideal Method of Sowing ape. THE best of my belief, and by the e vidence of my own experiences, there is no chance of failure by the following method. The ground has been well prepared by deep digging (trench two feet deep if possible) and thorough manuring, when cow or stable man- ure, old gardenrefuse, etc., may be incorporated quite liberally. Sow the seed during the second week of October, covering not more than two inches. Place boards, six to nine inches wide, on edge along both sides of the row, nine inches apart, make close at the ends. This little Sweet Pea frame must be covered later with glass, but the covering is not to be put on until severe weather sets in, and 1s al- ways removed during warm mild spells. The seedlings will be three inches high before severe freezing weather. A slight frost will not harm them, and as Sweet Peas are impatient of any coddling, they should have all the air possible during mild weather, though it is well to have them covered during periods of excessive rains. The glass may be held in position by broad headed nails under which the panes ot glass can be quickly placed. Or they may be secured with string attached to tacks driven into the boards. When the weather opens up remove the glass entirely. This will be some time in March. The boards should remain in place to protect the plants from strong winds, but as a rule they may be removed by the end of March or early April, when the ground is worked around the plants and supports of brush, twine or wire trellis put in position that the vines may receive no check in their future development. The Sweet Pea frame can be later used to cover early sowings of lettuce, or other vegetables. Varieties for Fall Sowing ITHIN the past few years a new race of Sweet Peas has been developed, namely the Early Flowering or Long Season Spencers. This is the type best adapted for fall sowing, beginning to bloom two or three weeks earlier than the summer-flowering Spencers; and, 47 Frame, of wood sides and glass top covering the fall sown Sweet Peas. Can be used in spring for vegetables when started in the fall, continues flowering quite as long as the regular type. Among the best of the new Early Flowering Spencer sorts I have tried out and can thoroughly recommend are: Early Enchantress, rich rose-pink self; Early Pink Beauty, large, soft pink; Early Primrose Beauty, cream, flushed pink; Early Rosy-Morn, rose with crimson standard; Early Sankey, large white self; Early King, crimson-scarlet self; Early Pink and White, reddish-pink standard with blush white wings; Early Loveliness, white, heavily bordered rich pink; Yarrawa, glowing rose-pink with creamy base. If, in addition to the above, a few of the best of the regular Early Spencer plants shown on the left as they appeared end of June,— been in flower since early May 48 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1917 Spencers are desired there are none better in their various colors than: Elfrida Pearson, blush pink; Hercules, rich deep pink; King Edward Spencer, glowing crimson; King White, pure white self; Lilian, salmon pink; The President, orange scarlet; Firey Cross, glowing fiery-red; Constance Hinton, large black-seeded white; Margaret Atlee, rose-pink on cream; Royal Purple, rich true purple self; Wedgwood, light blue self; Orchid, the best lavender self; Barbara, rich salmon self; Illuminator, salmon-cerise. Types for the Southern States, etc. N FLORIDA, and locations having a similar climate, Sweet Peas should be sown during the last week in September or quite early in October, and by using the Early Flowering Spencers, flowers may be had from Christmas until May or June. The summer- flowering varieties sown at the same time, will not flower until April. Therefore for all tropi- cal or almost frostless locations the new early or long-season varieties only should be used. The new earlies are also the most dependable type for California, where in some sections, sown in September, they have been had in flower by Thanksgiving. A few degrees of frost may check the plants and stop flowering, but they very quickly break away again, even if the leading flowering shoots may be spoiled, fresh growth is soon made to take the place of the destroyed parts. This new type is now being grown almost exclusively in Australia, where they bloom during the cool winter months. In fact, by using these varieties, Sweet Peas may now be grown to perfection in many countries where the older type was practically valueless. How Budding and Grafting are Done ww.u worrr SPECIALLY GOOD VARIETIES OR WORKING OVER POOR BEARERS WITH HERE IS A MEANS OF INCREASING HE simple art of budding and graft- ing, one of the fundamentals of modern horticulture, is seemingly a deep mys- tery to many people. By it we re- produce readily, easily and in any quantity many varieties of fruit and ornamental trees and plants which cannot be readily secured in any other way. It is perfectly practical for the home gardener to in this way increase the There are plants that best suit his purpose. _ Fig. 1. The process of budding, which differs from graft- ing only in the fact that a single bud, not a short twig is used. (See text for references.) two general methods of propagation: 1, Growing from seed; and 2, Taking pieces from the original seedling tree or plant and growing these pieces. Budding and grafting is the practice of the second method. Seed propagation is usually easier and therefore cheaper and so is com- monly used where only species or type char- acters are sought. Hence we propagate from seed the wild forest trees and plants, for ex- ample, the American Elm, the Silver and Sugar Maples, wild or species types of Roses, and many of our shrubs. A thousand American Elms grown from seed will show many in- dividuals differing quite a little from the others, yet they will come near enough alike for all practical purposes. The same is true of the other wild trees and plants in which the type characters only are sought and considered. In the case of our modern varieties of fruits, the case is altogether different. The first chief reason for noticing, saving and culti- vating these was because they had varied so much from the general type and were so dis- tinctly different from the general run of their seedling fellows; and these (the product of great variations from the type) possess thus inherent tendencies to vary. There are ten main characters of tree and fruit in which we BUDS FROM FRUITFUL TREES naturally would look for and notice variation, these are: For the tree: hardiness, vigor, productiveness, susceptibility to disease. For the fruit: size, form, color, quality (including flavor and texture, of the flesh), season of ripening, uniformity of crop. So, given a tendency to vary, and so many characters wherein a slight variation would make a large and noticeable difference, and we have the explanation of why we cannot resort to seed for the propagation of our cultivated varieties. When seeds will not reproduce with cer- tainty the qualities of the individual we de- sire to propagate, the only way is to take pieces of the original tree or plant and make these pieces grow, on their own roots if pos- sible, or if these pieces do not have own roots or cannot make roots for themselves, we must provide other roots for them. Many plants can be so divided up that each part has a piece of its own root to start with, as for instance a Rhubarb plant, Gooseberry, or Spirea bush, about which the soil has been banked for a season. Some Roses and Grapes may also be propagated in this way. Other plants, such as Willows, Poplars, Grapes, Currants, many shrubs and soft wooded plants generally have the ability to make roots readily themselves from stem cuttings; and where this is the case the use of cuttings is the accepted method of propagation. Apple, peach, pear, plum, and cherry trees cannot readily be grown from stem cut- tings, or cuttings from terminal growth. We therefore provide other roots on which to grow the pieces or cuttings of the desired variety. This is grafting, which includes budding, or bud grafting. Budding is to be Done Now PRACTICALLY all the stone fruits, in- cluding peach, plum, and cherry trees are propagated by budding; about one half of the apple and nearly all the pear trees offered by the nurserymen are propagated in this way while the balance is obtained through root grafting. E Budding is distinctly a summer process and inthe North is done during the months of July, August, and September. This is the time when the buds for insertion are fully enough de- veloped and when the trees are making a vigorous growth so that the bark separates readily from the woody tissue below it. Terminal shoots from the current season’s growth of the varieties desired are taken and with a sharp, thin bladed knife, the leaves are trimmed off, leaving back of each bud about one quarter inch of the leaf stem. This serves as a handle for the bud later when it is. being inserted. These “bud sticks,” after being collected and prepared in this way, may , be kept a short time if packed in damp ma- terial, such as sphagnum moss. With our outfit now ready including bud sticks, sharp knife and some pieces of string or rafha cut into lengths of 18 or 24 inches, we proceed to the place where some little seedling trees are growing and which are to supply the necessary roots. Taking the first tree to be budded a T shaped cut is made, usually on the west or northwest side of the stem and about two or three inches up from the ground. The perpendicular cut is made first and then with a slight rocking motion of the knife blade, the horizontal cut is made, the flaps of the bark being at the same time thrown slightly open, Fig. 1-A. The bud with its bark and bit of leaf stem and without any woody tissue is now cut and pulled from the bud stick, Fig. 1-B, and slipped into the incision under the bark flaps on the seedling tree, Fig. 1-D. If the trees are in the right condition there will never be any trouble in getting the buds to slip in readily and easily. If the bark has to be pried up in order to get the buds in, the seed- ling trees are not in the best condition to bud and a large percentage of failures may be ex- pected. The under-side of the bud rests on the cambium, or slippery layer, of the stock and it is from this that new cellular tissue is de- veloped, which heals the wound and unites the bud to the new tree on which it is to grow. After the bud has been placed in po- sition, the flaps of the T cut are bound down tightly over it with a piece of string or rafha, so making practically an air- tight joint, Fig. 1-E. In about two or three weeks the union ordinarily will - be complete and the string or rafha must then be cut to allow for the growth expansion of the stem. The following spring the seedling stem is cut off about an inch above the variety bud and as the season advances this alone is al- lowed to grow, all other seedling suckers—. e. those that start below the variety bud—being kept broken off. Fig. 2. Root grafting, a method commonly used for certain fruits and ornamental trees. A, Scion. B, Stock, a seedling topped and trimmed. C, Scion and stock cut for whip and tongue graft. D, graft made and tied SEPTEMBER, 1917 (iene GaAs Din IN MAGAZINE 49 Grafting for Winter and Spring RAFTING is usually a winter or spring process. Root-grafting of apples is commonly done in January or February. The variety scions of wood of the previous season’s growth are gathered in early winter and the seedling trees or “stocks,” as they are called by nurserymen, are dug at this time and both are stored in damp sand or boxes of slightly damp hardwood sawdust in a cold cellar until they are wanted. A whip or tongue graft, as shown in Fig. 2, is used largely in the propagation of apples. These whip grafts are usually made with a three inch piece of scion and a whole seedling root or sometimes only a piece of seedling root, two or three inches long. The value of the whole-root grafted trees versus piece- root grafted trees has been urged and ex- ploited for many years in the nurserymen’s catalogues. For the first year, the whole-root grafted trees may grow a little faster than the piece-root grafted ones, since they have a little more root to start with, but in my observation, in a season or less the latter are as large, as vigorous and quite as satisfactory and after a short time the two kinds cannot be tqld apart. The grafts after being made as illustrated in Fig. 2 are wrapped with string—usually waxed —and packed in boxes of sand or hardwood sawdust and again put in the cellar to callous till planting time in spring when they are set out in good, rich soil, being set usually so deep that only the top bud of the scion projects above the ground. For top-grafting the old-fashioned cleft graft is the most satisfactory. The best wax we have found is made by melting together: beeswax 4 pounds rosin I tallow or linseed oil This, when melted, is poured into cold water and after slightly cooling is pulled like candy until it acquires a grain when it is wrapped in waxed paper and laid away unti! wanted. The process of budding and grafting as explained above are similarly applicable to all kinds of ornamental trees and shrubs, with certain special modifications that experience may suggest. The same principles apply of course when grafting or “working over’ the top of an old tree, for the basic principle is con- stant. In the mixed herbaceous border for color Lift with plenty of roots Plant Peonies in September A FEW PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS FOR THE USE OF THIS SPLENDID PERENNIAL As a solitary clump in semi-shade For semi-formal effects near the house Division into pieces is easy Handling Gallinaceous Fertilizer in a Practical Way SHERMAN R. DUFFY ios WHEN THE HUMBLE BARNYARD HEN PLAYS A COORDINATE PART WITH THE BELLIGERENT GARDEN CRAFTSMAN Y WAY of introduction, the writer of this malodorous essay is his own gardener and any work done in his garden must be done by himself or by volunteer assistants—not always as helpful as enthusiastic. There are hundreds of thous- ands of citizens in the same predicament, more thousands this year than ever before. Since the Pilgrim Fathers laid the foundation for Plymouth Rock hens, there never has been such a wholesale horticultural attack upon the soil and there doubtless never will be in the history of the world so many dismal failures in a seemingly simple enterprise. The chief cause for the many disappoint- ments which I foresee in the vast army of new gardeners is the lack of fertilizers to be applied to the soil and a lack of knowledge of just how and when to apply them. Fertilizers are the most expensive item in the foundation of a garden and it is upon this uninspirational but essential subject, this unzsthetic, unbeautiful and unfragrant necessity and the cheapest way for the owner of the small garden to secure results that success depends. The humble hen, no matter how barred her pedigree may be by barnyard mesalliances, pro- ducing her fruit at war time prices of five cents per fruit is a valuable asset for those fortu- nate enough to possess room to accommodate this gold bearing fowl who is making the fabled goose almost a reality. But it is not with that high priced delicacy, the egg, that the gardener need concern himself so far as the cackling denizen of the barnyard is concerned. Horticulturally her exclusion from the garden is the main care owing to the speed and diligence with which. she can destroy growing things. Nearly every one who has room for even a small flock of chickens has room for a small garden and the relation between the two is close if properly established. The hens can furnish sufficient fertilizer to speed the growth of vegetables or flowers dur- ing the entire season if properly used. It is be- coming more and more difficult to secure barn- yard manure, either cow, sheep, or horse manure to dig into the soil to supply humus and plant food or for mulching. Where a few years ago any one who wished could secure as much manure as he needed for the hauling or at a most nominal sum, now if it can be obtained at all, itis at a good round price. To buy commercial shredded cow manure or pulverized sheep manure at the current rates of $1.85 per hundred pounds is an expensive proposition. The commercial manures do not add the humus and texture to the soil. FPIGURING on the agricultural reports and making allowances for the enormous and in some cases prohibitive increase in cost of many of the elements entering into the bal- anced fertilizer, some of which such as the salts of potassitum—muriate or sulphate—which formerly were spread over the Daffodil beds, cannot be secured at all, a flock of fifty hens provides in the neighborhood of $75 worth of fertilizer in a year. ‘his is estimated on the basis accepted some four or five years ago that 1,000 pounds of hen deposited a cash value of $58 in fertilizer per year, an average sized fowl of the commoner types such as the Plymouth Rocks weighing from five to six pounds. These figures under present conditions must be greatly increased and I am told that $75 would be a very conservative estimate, as a matter of fact a precise estimate being un- certain, one authority declaring that the value of fertilizer has doubled at least in the last five years. However, be the figures what they may, the hen is a valuable asset for the gardener, a saving in cash in fertilizer alone. Poultry manure is strong in plant food, but owing to the amount of ammonia generated it is dificult and dangerous to use it directly as it burns vegetation and cakes and hardens the soil and when dug into the soil is likely to scorch and destroy the young and tender root- lets. It is deficient in humus so there is noth- ing to be gained by digging it into the soil. How then can it be used to advantage? First and foremost, as a liquid manure. ‘There is no better “tea” for the garden. Second, in com- post with leaves, lawn clippings, dust, saw- dust, land plaster, or in any combination that renders it dry and subject to thin spread- ing or mulching. Ape proportions which seem to furnish a liquid manure of the right strength—or more accurately, right weakness—are two pecks of poultry manure to one barrel, 31 gallons, of water. A molasses, kerosene, vinegar, or whiskey barrel may be secured from the grocer or druggist. Here again the H. C. L. rears its hydra heads. The grocery- man formerly would present me with a couple of barrels without feeling himself at all-gener- ous. Now he has the gall to ask five dollars apiece. You can buy a steel tank for that. Usually, I have had kerosene barrels. In order to eliminate the oil, drop a handful of straw into the barrel, light it and let it burn until the interior of the barrel is slightly charred. It will not only eliminate the oil but prolong the life of the barrel. Have an old carpet, rug, or something of the kind to drop over the top of the barrel when the: conflagra- tion is deemed sufficient. While there are patent infusers on the mar- ket in which women and delicate men may assemble the manure to be placed in the bar- rel, they, too, add to the expense of gardening without contributing anything extra in the way of efficiency. A gunny sack does as well and can be procured for almost nothing. Into this sack drop the two pecks of manure and then either drop the sack to the bottom of the barrel or better yet suspend it upon a wire or wooden hoop which may be fastened across the mouth of the barrel. Fill the barrel and let it stand a week. It really needs two barrels to alternate. Draw off the water which will be a light brown in color and apply it to the vegetables or flowers needing it. It will speed those that need and like rich feeding. The most convenient way for arranging the barrel is to mount it on blocks, bricks, or boxes at a sufficient height to permit a wooden faucet to be inserted near the base with sufficient clearance for a watering can. ‘This is a great labor saver and convenience as it is no joke to hang over the sharp edge of a barrel in order to dip up the water when the cask is more than half empty. [N APPLYING the liquid manure it is best to moisten in advance the plants to be fertilized. This makes the liquid manure more quickly available and better distributed through the soil, going directly to the roots. 50 “Weak and often” is the motto for liquid manures. Once a week is often enough at most for the solution I have described here. It is particularly valuable for Roses when they have reached the bud stage and should be applied every two weeks early in the season and every week as the weather becomes hotter and more trying for the plants. It is likewise excellent for onions in limited quantities. As a war measure, I am growing onions and Roses in the same bed. Soil that will grow good Roses will likewise grow good onions, and as this was the only soil I pos- sessed that seemed likely to present me with good onions I double cropped it. At this writing I have plucked beautiful salmon pink Madame Leon Pain Roses and luscious young onions side by side. Both contribute to the lowering of the cost of living and to the joys of life in their peculiar spheres. My onion-rose bed is the subject of much mirth and bromides concerning fragrance have turned to a stench in the nostrils. The combination works. The Onions and Roses are flourishing mightily. They do not inter- fere with each other and the appearance of the bed which is fifty by four feet does not suffer. I have used liquid poultry manure upon cucumbers, squashes, and melons with ex- cellent effect. Likewise upon Asters. Do not feed tomatoes; they will develop an excess of foliage and deficit of fruit. pee only use I have found for poultry manure in bulk is upon the asparagus bed in the fall and winter. The asparagus roots are too far down and too strong to be injured while they respond gratefully to the extra food which seeps down to them. In the spring it should be either removed or spaded under as the heat is then gone from the manure. The main problem 1s how to reduce poultry manure to a fine enough consistency to sprinkle it thinly or to combine it with some humus-producing medium so that it may be dug into the ground. In the first place, to secure the manure in condition to handle it readily, a substantial covering of dust, saw- dust, straw, or dried lawn clippings should be spread upon the dropping board under the roosts. It should be removed at least every two days and placed under cover where it may dry. Frequent turning will break it up into fine enough condition. An ingenious acquaintance had a _ bone grinder which he was not using for its original purpose and thought it might be a good idea to run some of the dried and crusted poultry manure through his mill to get it into con- dition to sprinkle. Unfortunately, he over- looked the fact that gravel is an important item in the dietary of the fowl and what happened to the mill when it hit the gravel in the manure spoiled the experiment. However, the liquid manure is so much more efficacious and easy to handle that it is hardly worth while to try to use poultry manure as a mulch or to dig into the soil if any other source of humus and plant food is available. After spreading the dry manure and either sprinkling it into the soil or allowing a rain to fulfil the same mission, the soil should be hoed. If left as it lies, it produces a hard, caked surface. It must be used very spar- ingly and care must be taken not to spread it too close to the stem of the plants. Currants, grapes, and gooseberries are three timely suggestions for fall planting. Set out all possible food crop plants this fall ) Plant Now—or Wait Till Spring? uc. xams RELIEVE THE SPRING PRESSURE OF TILLING AND PLANTING ANNUAL FOOD CROPS BY STARTING NOW WITH FRUITS, BERRIES, AND MOST ORNAMENTALS NE of the greatest advantages we gained by planting last autumn was getting the work done when other matters were not nearly so pressing as they were in the spring. Had we not planted in the fall it is very doubtful if we would have anything like as good trees as we now have. The fall set trees started into growth promptly and kept the lead all through the season. To be sure a few besides the clipped ones died and had to be replaced, but it 1s one thing to replace such trees and quite a different one to set out a whole planting. The former may be done much more quickly be- cause there is no time lost determining the positions for the trees. Another point strongly in favor of fall set- ting is the fact that the trees are dug only a few hours or days before being reset in the ground. They are therefore more likely to be in prime condition than are the majority of trees sent out in spring by nurserymen. This remark applies not to trees freshly dug in the spring but to those trees stored in “cellars” over winter. Whether stored in sand, sphagnum moss or “stacked up like cordwood,” ex- perience goes to prove that nothing compares with the newly dug tree. We had trees de- livered last April, some of them stored in each way. Our results favored the spring dug trees inevery case. The next best results were with trees stored: over winter in damp sand. In the cases of nursery stock ‘“‘stacked up” in the storage house we lost heavily, some of the trees being so badly shriveled that in spite of soaking root and top in water for more than a day—a good practice where the trees are at all dry upon receipt—we lost more than 50 per cent. and many of the balance will make poor trees. The nurseryman volunteered to replace this part of our order next spring. But we have done our planting for nothing, and lose a year because of the faulty method of storage. Here, then, is a good rule: Before ordering nursery stock for spring delivery find out whether it will be spring dug, or 1f stored, how handled. What and When to Do, or Not "THE seasons of 1916 and 1917 gave us all of the 57 varieties of experience in tree and bush fruit planting. Some of these varieties were already well known to us but others were brand new and interesting from a practical standpoint. I, therefore, believe that readers of THE GarDEN Macazine will find a rehearsal a good guide as to what to plant, what not to plant, when to plant and when not to plant in this period of food urgency. Parenthetically let me say that when I use the word “‘we” I am referring to the experiences in two business orchards or small fruit plantations. Planting on my own suburban lot is thus kept distinct from the other work. We ordered stock in October from five different nurserymen, all in Western New York, not that the New York nurserymen have better stock than others but solely because Six Reasons for Fall Planting Gg Newly dug trees are decidedly superior to stored trees, no matter how good the storage, When orders are placed late, it isa good plan to furnish a substitute list so the nurseryman may choose from this in case he has run out of the most desired varieties. The most important risks run in fall planting are danger of winter injury due to poorly drained land—and the gnawing of the bark by mice and rabbits. Heeling-in nursery stock is a thoroughly satisfactory way to store trees to be set in the spring, because you are not dependent upon the transportation companies at plant- ing time. Early fall ordering i is important, for at no season of the year is one so sure of get- ting exactly what he wants both as to variety, size, andage. In spring the nursery- man may be sold out of the very things you need most. gq Fall planting has the greatadvantage that the work is done and out of the way when time is not at a premium. Furthermore, most fruit trees and deciduous ornamental shrubs do better when fall planted because they get an earlier start than do spring planted ones. we knew them personally or because they had the varieties we wished to plant. One of these men wrote that he thought it unwise to plant peaches in the fall, that he would advise his holding that part of the order until spring but that if we wished he would send the trees after the leaves dropped which would prob- ably be about November first. As a matter of fact, it was about November 2oth before the trees reached us. But such trees! Ripened to the very tipsand branched almost the full length of the trunk. Except for one or two that were injured in transit every one of those late planted trees is doing well to-day. Another nurseryman made his shipment al- 51 most immediately after the receipt of our order. When the trees arrived we found that all the peaches of certain varieties had had their leaves clipped off and were already be- ginning to shrivel. I predicted serious loss among these plants, and sure enough when spring opened the majority died. In some varieties the loss was one hundred per cent. It is only fair to state that when the nursery- man was told of our ill success he offered to re- place the trees either this fall or next spring as we may decide. This is all that any could expect under the circumstances, but we have lost a full year and have started with an irregular or ununiform orchard. So here is an important deduction for the reader to draw: When ordering nursery stock for fall delivery in- sist that the trees drop their leaves naturally. Be willing to wait until they do; for it is better to plant a well ripened tree even very late than to risk loss by planting earlier one that is immature. This rule is general, that is, it applies to all fruit trees and shrubs. In all but one case our orders called for one year peach trees and not older than two year trees of other fruits. That one case was an accident: the specification of age was omitted. The nurseryman sent trees as old as four years in some cases. If these had been systemati- cally root pruned each year, as is general in the production of specimen ornamental evergreens, to produce abundant fibrous roots they would have been splendid though costly. But they had not been so treated. They had either large roots fearfully mangled in the digging or in some cases the roots were so few and small that it seemed almost incredible that the large tops could have been produced and supported by them. The tops too (many of them) had badly placed branches which had to be re- moved, so the head of the tree could be made the proper height from the ground and the branches the right distance apart on the trunk. The result was a large number of big wounds. After this pruning was done the trees in many cases were unsightly, partly for this reason and partly because the breakage and removal of twigs left the main branches bare for con- siderable areas. But the worst is yet to come: those trees will never make as sightly, pro- ductive, healthy, hardy or in any other way satisfactory trees as younger trees have always made with less, far less attention both before but especially after planting. So here’s the second rule the reader may write in his memory: Insist upon having young trees unless 52 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1917 the older ones have been root pruned and discount 100 per cent. any thought that the older trees will bear earlier; for ordinarily handled nurs- ery stock will not bear satisfactorily as soon and the tree will always be less plastic—can’t be as easily trained. A few dealers have speci- ally grown large trees however. - Cut Backs Declined with Thanks NE nurseryman wrote that he couldn’t supply two-year apple trees of certain varieties but that he could send “cut-backs.” We declined with thanks; _ for every nurseryman who will give his customer a chance to decline deserves to be thanked. Why? Because cut-backs are inferior trees. The first season in the nursery they are small, the second year they still do not reach the standard sizes suitable for sale, they are inferior in other ways or they are some the nurseryman has failed to sell. They would grow too large if left to con- tinue grewth next year so the nurseryman cuts them back to the surface of the ground. This results in forcing a strong shoot which in a single season produces a more or less sturdy and attractive looking top. But the roots, the important part of the plant, are then three years old and therefore must suffer severe in- jury when the trees are dug—often as severe as a three year tree suffers unless previously root pruned. As the nurseryman was willing to send one year trees of the varieties desired so the order was filled to our satisfaction. The third rule is obvious: Never order or accept a cut-back tree because it was either a cull to.start with or 1t was unsalable the previous year, both of which points are sinister. What Age of Tree PRACTICAL fruit growers have _ less dispute than formerly as to the age of a tree for planting. All now agree that fruit trees more than two years old are undesirable for reasons already outlined. They also agree that peach trees should never be older than one year from the bud, for a similar reason. The only discussion one hears now is as to the relative value of one- year and two-year trees. Among the reasons for choosing one-year in prefer- ence to two-year trees the following are most important: They cost less; being smaller the express or freight charges are less; none but well grown sturdy trees are of salable sive at the end of one season’s growth, so there is no danger of getting runts or culls of the previous sea- son; one-year trees have few, and small, or no branches so the head may be formed exactly where the planter wants to have it, high, low. or me- Evergreen trees and shrubs qjym, often without are safely handled in early fall 2 3 d or when the ball is frozen any pruning an Ornamental shade trees and vines for the home and all hardy perennials for the border should be set out this fall to leave time free for food crop planting in spring possibly consequent injury to the tree. The last point is more important than at first may appear because once having formed it is difh- cult to change the head. Trees once headed high should be allowed to so develop because the new branches forced to develop by cutting off the first to form are almost sure to come irregularly anywhere on the trunks and to produce misshaped trees. Most important point of all, however, is that one-year trees will transplant with great- est ease, least work, and most assurance of success, especially in the hands of an inex- perienced planter. Our experience in planting last autumn bears out that of other planters in being able to get the varieties we wanted. Only one of the nurserymen was sold out of one variety, where- as when we placed our much smaller spring order each of the three nurserymen we then patronized had no trees left of two to five var- leties we wished to plant. Things Best to Plant THERE are some plants that should always, if possible, be planted in the fall; others must not. Among the former currants and gooseberries are conspicuous and ornamental shrubs (such as Lilacs) which ripen their wood and drop their leaves before mid-autumn and start to grow very early in the spring—grape vines also. The sooner such things can be planted after their leaves fall the better. If planted in the spring after the buds begin to swell or the leaves form they are sure to suffer more or less. Among the plants that probably are best not fall planted the most prominent are blackberries, dewberries and raspberries (espe- cially blackcaps) red raspberries can be fall set on well drained land. The autumn before I arrived one of my clients set out a plantation with the result that with some varieties (blackcaps in all cases), not a single plant survived the winter. In other cases the losses ran from 25 to 75 per cent. The ones that suffered least were the Golden Queen raspberry plants. This is a yellow-fruited red raspberry! The loss in this case was only 5 or 10 per cent. It has been easy to fill the vacancies because the red raspberry makes numerous sucker plants from the roots. As to grapes my own planting has turned out very well, no fall set vines dying from any but accidental causes. The plantings for one of my clients underwent a series of very severe tests, so did the gooseberries and currants which formed part of the plantation. They were exceptionally well planted last fall, but during the winter plans were changed and a sudden order given to have them removed. They were dug on an April day when a gale was blowing. Each vine was temporarily heeled in where it stood, a couple of shovel- fuls of earth being thrown over their roots. Before they could be collected and bundled for better heeling in a snowstorm buried them. Then without warning motor trucks began driving over them delivering hardware and glass to build a greenhouse. They were collected—such of them as were uninjured and could be found. After being bundled and heeled in several weeks eiapsed before they could be planted, un- favorable weather preventing the preparation of the land. And yet the losses were only about 15 or 20 per cent. of the original number. This shows how serious abuses certain plants will stand; for by knowing of such experiences the beginner may take heart and promise himself good results if he will only do the work properly. Now the Disadvantages MONG the disadvantages, not already touched upon, that we weighed before planting in the fall are the following: we had to run the risks of winter injury due to alter- nate freezing and thawing with consequent heaving and settling of the soil. With fall set trees this is more likely to occur than with spring planted ones. But as our soil is well drained we felt that the risk was slight, and experience so proved for we lost only one or two from this cause. Another risk is the pos- sible damage by mice and rabbits. But half inch mesh hardware cloth protectors were used on some of the trees; ‘‘sulfocide” on others. Not one tree was barked but this may be because of the abun- dance of food for both rab- bits and mice in the fence rows and the woods that border the orchard. In no case was any dead grass or straw allowed to remain near the trees as this would have invited mice to set up housekeeping therein. & One interesting experi- \ ence was in connection with trees that could not be t planted last fall. They had been taken to the field and heeled in—that is, earth had been thrown over the roots and the bases of the trunks—pending the time when we could reach them. Winter arrived, however, and prevented their planting. Every one was in good condition when spring came and all but one are now liy- ing and doing well. Why that one died I don’t know. The subject of “Fall Heeling-in for Spring Planting” was discussed in October 1916, page 102. » Don’t be in too much of a hurry. Wait till ': the leaves are — almost ready to fall. Seay our Wieney and Nake Your Choice” * ™2#0MAs CONTINUING LAST MONTH’S APPRAISAL OF RECENT OFFERINGS OF HARDY PERENNIALS FROM AN AMERICAN GARDENER’S VIEWPOINT—PLANTING CAN BE DONE THIS MONTH EW perennials give a more imposing effect in a flower garden, than a well- grown clump of Helenium, either rubrum or Riverton Beauty. I acknowledge that the striking and unique color of rubrum is a rather hard one to work into a definitely planned garden, but well placed it is a joy, and in any case there is always the shrubbery border to fall back on. Any one who has seen a Wallflower can easily form an idea of the color of rubrum; a rich terra-cotta red, fading to a sort of burnt orange, a much purer and warmer shade than the older Riverton Gem. But it must positively be grown in full sun; even a little shade will metamorphose it to a dull bronzy yellow. Riverton Beauty is the richest lemon, with a brown-black centre, a far superior plant to the original H. autumnale superbum, though not growing quite so tall. I have sometimes wished that these Heleniums might bloom a little later, so as to be in harmony with the glory of the autumn colorings they so much resemble. SOME Day Lilies (Hemerocallis) deserve attention; Queen of May and citrina. The latter is a most interesting plant. The long slender flower stems rise four or five feet high out of a mass of the most gracefully arching, narrow, fountain-like foliage imaginable. The flowers themselves are the palest lemon, tinged green on the outside, trumpet shaped, not widely expanded, and with very long, nar- row petals. And their fragrance is delicious, probably finer than that of any other Hemero- eallis. Queen of May isa plant of a very differ- ent sort, with coarse strap-like leaves, and sometimes as many as twenty flowers and buds on its stout branching stems. The flowers are funnel shaped, widely open; of a uniform deep chrome yellow. With me the plant has a second blooming season in late September or October and then the stems are much taller, some of them over five feet, but the flowers are sometimes so late as to be injured by the early frosts. The Lemon-yellow Day-lily (Hemerocallis citrina) is one of the newer Chinese real acquisitions. Fragrant flowers on five foot stalks ss | Among the improved Sneezeworts (Helenium) is Riverton Beauty, rich lemon yellows with centre of brown black H. Middendorfiana also blooms again in the fall, and occasionally, if the season has been a rainy one and the ground is rich, /uteola, apricot, and aurantiaca will do the same; luteola is one of the finest pure yellow Day Lillies I have grown, only surpassed by aurantiaca major, which, however, is not entirely hardy here. EXCLUDING Perry’s White, the Oriental Poppies I mention are not very new. Nev- ertheless, they have become known surprisingly slowly, considering all their very apparent good qualities. Surely now that we have so many and such exquisite shades, it is about time to permanently discard the old P. orientale, with its glaring shade of brick-red. Of real scarlets we now have several; Beauty of Livermere (very dark), and Goliath (lighter), are all that could be wished. And of the salmon pinks there are a host. Mary’ Stud- holme, Mrs. Perry, Jennie Mawson, Princess Victoria Louise and Princess Ena are some of the best. Though there is not a great deal of difference on the whole, each one has its little point of distinction. Mrs. Perry is probably the largest and the most intense salmon; Princess Victoria Louise is a shade paler, with petals more numerous and more ruffed; Mary Studholme has a silvery tone, and Princess Ena is small and tulip shaped. To my mind JenMe Mawson combines the most good qualities, both in color and habit; Silberblick is a freak flower, with white spots instead of black ones, but the color is not at- tractive. The same is true of Semi-plenum, which, as its name implies, is partly double. Perry's White is a most curious and handsome flower. It has been described as ‘‘satiny white,” but to me “paper white” would seem nearer right; certainly its texture distinctly. suggests that of paper, rather coarse tissue paper, slightly crinkled. The spots at the base of the petals are really deep maroon, but they appear black, and there is something about the total absence of color that at once recalls a Japanese print. No doubt we can make very striking garden pictures with this variety, as it becomes better known. Silver Queen, another white, is of a different tone, a gray-white, or rather a lavender-white, if 53 such a term could be used. With its dwarf, slender growth, Silver Queen very much re- sembles an enlarged Shirley. Mahoney is unique; a very deep maroon red, like an ox- heart cherry. Nothing could be more effec- tive with the salmon and white varieties. F THE new Phloxes, three seem to me of first class quality Thor, W. C. Egan and Tragedie. Tragedie (described as ‘‘ carmine’’!) is a pure deep scarlet, a scarlet with no hint of yellow, as in Coquelicot and its derivatives. For those who love brilliant and intense color effects, it should prove a great acquisition. Unfortunately it is not quite so robust a grower as some of the newer kinds. W. C. Egan has been described as ‘‘mauve,’’ which gives no idea whatever of its clear, cool pink, a pink with less lilac in it than Mme. Paul Dutrie, but nevertheless inclining to the blue rather than to the yellow end of the spectrum. It has a centre of deeper, cherry pink, and the flowers and trusses are of un- usually large size. Thor is the best deep salmon pink to date; a shade of the greatest richness, several degrees deeper than Elizabeth Campbell, but still distinct from the salmon- reds of varieties like Baron von Dedem or Gen. Van Heutchz. Thor also has blooms of splendid size. Happily the incomparable Elizabeth Campbell needs no recommenda- tion; it has already become the most popular of Phloxes, and with good reason, possessing, as it does the most charming warm pink of any hardy plant. Asia, Africa, and Australia make an imposing appearance in some lists of novelties, but I am sorry to say that all three of the nations were a decided disappointment to me. Asia is of a rather muddy shade, Australia verges on the magenta, and Africa is a trifle harsh and crude, though by far the best of the three. One plant that should be welcome in every garden is the Perry’s Variety of Phlox divaricata. Contrary to catalogue opinion, | pronounce it a distinctly paler shade of lavender than our native P. canadensis, but its flowers are so much larger, its habit so much The Pale Blue Sage (Salvia azurea) though not new is a practical novelty to many. Useful both for border and cutting 54 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1917 better and its lifetime so much longer that it easily outranks that. From early May to the last of June it is full of blossoms. As a setting for pale yellow or old rose Tulips, or combined with Irises, such as Flavescens or Mrs. Alan Gray, it is perfect. Perry’s Variety, I understand, was one of the parents of the new Phlox Arendsu, a distinct race that has attracted a good deal of interest, and of which Charlotte, palest lavender; Louise, lavender with a darker eye; Grete, white; and Helene, much like P. divari- cata, are all most promising plants, with semi- dwarf, branching habit and a very long season of bloom, beginning in May. The rest of the Arendsii varieties seem to me too uncertain and washy in color to be of much value. [NX SPITE of its cumbersome name, none of the newer plants possesses a more distinct and delicatecharmthan the Thalictrum diptero- carpum. Its foliage is in the same decorative, maiden-hair-fern style of all of its genus, but the flowers are totally distinct. The panicles of bloom are pyramidal in shape, tapering to a tip of undeveloped buds. The tiny flowers are suspended from thread-like stems, their soft lavender petals reflexed to show the fluff of pale yellow stamens below. The little round buds at the tip of the spray look like a shower of falling water-drops; buds and stems alike are tinted the same soft lavender. The whole plant has an effect that is indescribably airy and delicate. My plants have not grown taller than four feet, but perhaps when well established they will attain the six credited them by the nurserymen. The one drawback is its sensitiveness to our damp and rainy winters. Cold seems not to affect it, but poorly drained soil is generally fatal. There- fore, | advise wintering it over in a frame. FTEN I have wondered why Salvia azurea is not better known. Its lovely soft blue flowers are splendid for cutting, and invaluable in the garden at their season. Perhaps now that the rather more showy Pitchert has ap- peared it may help to bring more appreciation to the older but equally good type. The rela- tion between the two 1s exactly that between the Anchusa Opal and Anchusa Dropmore. Pitcheri has very fine deep blue flowers, per- haps just a trifle smaller than azurea, and its season of bloom is two weeks later, extending into October. These Salvias should be given full sun, and, like Chrysanthemums, be pinched back at least twice during the summer. The new Salvia Greigi has the same lip-like formation of flower as azurea and Pitcheri, but its color is a delicious soft cerise, very much resembling that splendid Phlox, Sigrid Arnold- son, or a newly opened Laurent Carle Rose. The plant is really a miniature shrub, about two and a half feet tall, with small, rounded, strongly sage-scented leaves. If the number of its flowers was in proportion to the length of its blooming season, it would be invaluable; as it 1s, not enough flowers open at a time to make a very showy effect, though there are always more or less, from June to October, except for a short rest in August. It seems to be at its best in September, when, for a few days it quite covers itself with glory. Salvia virgata nemerosa is also a wonderfully prolific bloomer, though to insure this, the old flower heads must be religiously cut off. Its rich violet blossoms contrast well with the reddish purple bracts out of which they appear, but the plant is of no particular grace or distinction of habit. Perhaps the least attractive of the four Salvias is uliginosa; which is a great pity, as it is quite the most rampant grower I know of in hardy plants. Tiny seedlings, set out in July were by October big plants three and a half feet tall by two feet broad, and with dozens of flower spikes. These are very simi- lar to azurea and Pitcheri, but the flowers are only about half as large, and not many open at once,—which again is a pity, as they are of a very pretty clear blue, with white markings. owever, a mass should make a very good appearance in some corner of the rougher part of the garden, where their underground stems can spread at their own sweet will. In spite of its rampant growth, Salvia uliginosa is of doubtful hardiness north of Philadelphia.. Food and Home Economies That Can Finance the War The Food Administration Says: To Save Food— USE THE PERISHABLE FOODS.—Fruits and vegetables we have in abun- dance. As a nation we eat too little green stuffs. Double their use and improve your health. Store potatoes and other roots properly and they will keep. Begin now to can or dry all surplus garden products. SAVE THE WHEAT.—One wheatless meal a day. Use corn, oatmeal, rye, or barley and non-wheat breakfast foods. Order bread twenty-four hours in advance so your baker will not bake beyond his needs. Cut the loaf on the table and only as required. Use stale bread for cooking, toast, etc. Eat less cake and pastry. Our wheat harvest is far below normal. If each person weekly saves one pound of wheat flour that means 150,000,000 more bushels of wheat for the Allies to mix in their bread. This will help them to save DEMOCRACY. SAVE THE MEAT.—Beef, mutton or pork not more than once daily. Use freely vegetables and fish. At the meat meal serve smaller portions, and stews instead of steaks. Make made-dishes of all left-overs. Do this and there will be meat enough for every one at a reasonable price. We are to-day killing the dairy cows and female calves as the result of high price. Therefore, eat less and eat no young meat. If we save an ounce of meat each day per person, we will have an additional supply equal to 2,200,000 cattle. SAVE THE MILK.—The children must have milk. Use every drop. Use buttermilk and sour milk for cooking and making cottage cheese. Use less cream. SAVE THE FATS.—We are the world’s greatest fat wasters. Fat is food. Butter is essential for the growth and health of children. Use butter on the table as usual but not in cooking. Other fats are as good. Reduce use of fried foods. Save daily one third ounce animal fats. Soap contains fats. Do not waste it. Make your own washing soap at home out of the saved fats. Use one third ounce less per day of animal fat and 375,000 tons will be saved yearly. SAVE THE SUGAR.—Sugar is scarcer. We use to-day three times as much per person as our Allies. So that there may be enough for all at reasonable prices use less candy and sweet drinks. Do not stint sugar in putting up fruit and jams. They will save butter. If every one in America saves one ounce of sugar daily, it means 1,100,000 tons for the year. SAVE THE FUEL.—Coal comes from a distance and our railways are overbur- dened hauling war material. Help relieve them by burning fewer fires. Use wood when you can get it. USE LOCAL SUPPLIES.—Patronize your local producer. Distance means money. Buy perishable food from the neighborhood nearest you and thus save transportation. Buy less, serve smaller portions. Preach the “Gospel of the Clean Plate.” Don’t eat a fourth meal. Don’t limit the plain food of growing children. Watch out for the wastes in the Community. Full garbage pails in America mean empty dinner pails in Europe. If the more fortunate of our people will avoid waste and eat no more than they need, the high cost of living problem of the less fortunate will be solved. Here’s the Thing to do With the Money Saved: BUY LIBERTY BONDS BY YOUR GARDEN.—Spending the day in a hot canning kitchen or pulling weeds in the garden is a whole lot less dramatic for a woman, than dressing up in khaki and drilling and also a whole lot more useful; and it can save the money that will send a man to the front who is proud of the chance to go and proud of the quiet services at home that save the money that gives hima chance to serve his country. BUY LIBERTY BONDS FROM WHEAT.—Put aside the money you save on limiting your wheat diet and put it into the hands of the Government so that the men at the front will have bread and guns and airplanes and whatever else they need to win. The food you save will feed our soldiers and our Allies and the money you save by saving food, if you buy Liberty Bonds with it, will be used to give our soldiers the equipment and training to give them a fair chance in battle. BUY LIBERTY BONDS FROM MEAT.—Put aside the money you save by a meatless meal and by your care of left-overs and save it to buy Liberty Bonds. The Government will have to borrow 12 to 15 billions of dollars every twelve months It must get a part of it from you. for the conduct of the war. BUY LIBERTY BONDS FROM MILK AND CREAM.—What you do not use will be used by some child who would have had to do without; and the money you saved, therefore, will help save the world for democracy if you give it to the Govern- ment in return for a Liberty Bond which makes you a shareholder in the great company of democracy. BUY LIBERTY BONDS WITH FATS, and save anything else you can. The Liberty Bonds must be bought from savings. If you borrow to buy bonds it is permanent help to your country until you have paid off the debt and then the lender can buy bonds with the money. But if you save and buy bonds you are imme- diately serving your country. E BUY LIBERTY BONDS WITH SUGAR.—Sugar is sweet, but life is sweeter and. thousands of lives a day are lost as long as the war goes on. Give the Govern- ment all the money it wants to give our army and navy everything it needs to hasten victory and establish a righteous peace. BUY LIBERTY BONDS WITH COAL.—Save the fuel and the fuel bills. Every ton of coal that you don’t burn will buy a quarter of a ton of shipping that is vitally needed—if you save the money and give it to the Government by buying bonds. HOW TO BUY LIBERTY BONDS.—If you do not know where or how to buy Liberty Bonds go to the nearest post office, or bank, and find out; and then see that every one else in your neighborhood knows. Get your money ready now to buy when the next loan is issued. Keep right on saving so as to be ready for the loan after that. d ; See that every one in your neighborhood knows when and where to buy Liberty Bonds. NZz NS, Aly S 7 THE PATRIOTIC GARDEN CROP CONSERVATION & DISTRIBUTION oa fer 7 aaa) ARPS > PPy : S&S N a 'S, F ALL the seasons of the year autumn is the one in which pre- paredness in the garden is most effective. Yet most gardeners are inclined now to rest on their laurels till next years urge is upon them. Now, when work is slacking up and slowing down, there is a chance every day during Sep- tember, October, and November to do some- thing that will fit the soil or the plants of hardy species for next season’s greater successes. Most obvious of all autumn work is the cleaning up of débris of crops which have been harvested, and left in their wake vines, tops, stakes, trellises, etc. Waste nothing! All such material as will easily decay and is otherwise useless is best disposed of in a compost pile where it will decay and become available for future use as humus. As far as_ possible gather it while succulent rather than hard and woody because decay is quicker. Better results will also follow spreading the refuse in thin rather than thick layers because decay is more prompt and there is less likelihood of the stuff being an offensive, sticky, wormy mass of decaying vegetable matter when the time comes to spread it on the garden as a top dressing. If stalks and vines become woody place them in a damp spot and cover with earth. They will thus more surely decay than if mixed in the ordinary compost pile. A Friendly ‘‘Compost Pile’’ FAVORITE way of making a compost heap is to place a layer of inverted sods upon the ground or a layer of weeds, stems and other vegetable remains from the garden. Upon this two to four inches of good manure is spread and sprinkled with bone meal, tankage, ground phosphate rock or any other available: but rather slowly soluble fertilizer. If the soil is acid a dressing of lime is given—enough to make the surface pretty white. Other layers of sod and manure are added until the pile is finished when the form should be that of a broad letter A with the apex cut off and somewhat dished to hold snow and water. The depth of the sod layer should be governed by the character of the soil and the sod itself. If heavy loam or clay it should be shallow and aboutathird of its depth should be sand, sifted hard coal ashes (or other material) that will help to make it “lighter.” If loamy already and well sup- plied with grass roots it may be four to six inches thick. Such a pile may be made in September or October fcr use the following fall or made in March or April to be used the following spring. In building fertility for the food crops of next season. ‘abs, either case it should be sliced with a sharp spade vertically downward and the slicings thrown into a new pile so that the outside of the original pile may be in the centre of the new one and thus get a good chance to decay. Sotl so prepared may be sifted for indoor potting work or applied as it comes for work in coldframes, hotbeds, and garden bor- ders. Piles may be six or eight feet wide at the base, four or five feet high, three feet wide at the top and any desired length to supply the needs of the maker. : Planting Next Spring’s Greens FOR the earliest crop of spring spinach sow in September or October. Choose the richest available part of the garden and make it even richer by a liberal dressing of wel decayed manure. Dig or plow the soil deeply and make the surface fine. If the soil is somewhat heavy or poorly drained the plants may be heaved out by frost. To ob- viate this where there is no choice of a better location, dig a trench six or eight inches dee on each side of the bed and make the pound slope from the centre of the bed toward the ditches. These ditches should of course lead to lower ground where possible, but even where not they will be worth while. The soil from them should be thrown on the beds which will thus be raised slightly. For the over- wintering crop, sow the seed in rows eight to twelve inches apart using about one ounce to each 100 feet of drill. Keep free from weeds until winter sets in, then cover with clean straw three or four inches deep. In early spring re- move this straw, give a light dressing of nitrate of soda close to but not on the plants and cut the largest ones as soon as they reach edible size. Plants so grown may be used three or four weeks before spring sown seed will produce plants of edible size. This season’s harvest is nearly gathered in, but the alert gardener begins this month on re- 55 SPRING DRIVE Feed the land to feed the people Dig the Garden Now ORK and time next spring may be saved by plowing or digging the gar- den now, provided the soil be deft in big clods, just as turned up. If it is a heavy loam or a clay so much the more reason for fall prep- aration because such soils are made finer by the alternate action of freezing and thawing during winter. Still more may be done to fine them by adding much old crumbly manure, sand and sifted hard coal ashes. Another important addition for breaking up the particles is the addition of lime but this should be deferred until spring because the action of lime is down- ward, so more or less of the plant food might be lost if the application were made in the fall. Just before the soil is ready for harrowing or raking is the right time to scatter this ma- terial. Laying War Plans Ahead IF NEXT year’s war garden must be made on land which has been for a year or longer in sod its success can be enhanced by plowing the face say four weeks before the ground 1s likely to freeze hard. Apart from the ad- vantages of having the sod decay and the texture of the soil improve because of the ac- tion of frost upon the clods during the winter there is a great gain in the destruction of in- sects which feed on the grass roots and which divert their attentions and appetites to the vegetable roots when these arrive. This is the greatest advantage of fall plowing or digging sod land. Wire-worms, cut worms, white grubs and many other garden pests are now feeding within a few inches of the surface as may be proved by turning up the sod and searching for them. While fall plowing does not destroy them all, it kills enough to make it, pay to say nothing of the advantages of having the soil turned up in rough furrow slices—as the soil should be left until spring. Roots That Will Sprout in the Spring ig WILL take a special order to your seedsman or nurseryman to get asparagus roots in the fall, but they can be had and you will save a year by planting early this fall. Two-year old roots are the most practical size for the home gardener. Horseradish and rhu- barb set out this month will be ready for use in early spring. Lift a few parsley roots from the garden, trim both root and top—the latter to within one inch of crown—and plant two roots two inches apart in a six- inch pot. A few pots m a sunny window will give all needed pats- ley when snow falls. 56 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1917 x Where FALL CANKER WORMS have in- fested apple trees or where the wingless females are noticed this autumn much may be done to prevent next spring’s damage by placing bands of sticky stuff such as tar, printers’ ink and “‘tangle- foot” around the trunks to prevent the females from climbing up to lay their eggs in the branches. Fluffy cotton batting is also use- ful. Late September or early October is the time to do this work. A related species, the worms of which work in the same way, may be similarly dealt with but by applying the bands when the buds swell. Spraying with lead arsenate (six to ten pounds to one hun- dred gallons of water) will control both kinds. % CuT worms may be made less numerous this fall and thus less destructive next spring by keeping the ground well cultivated in late and early fall so as to prevent the growth of grasses upon which the creatures feed. Where it Is not necessary to have grass none should be allowed to grow. Where it is necessary, poisoned bran 1s effective because when prop- etly mixed the worms will:leave grass and other plants for it. A good formula is one ounce of paris green, three pounds wheat bran, mixed dry then moistened with the j juice of an orange and enough diluted molasses to make the stuff “crumbly moist.” Strew in little gobs beside the grass. % If not already done, cur oUT ALL FRUITED AND DYING CANES of raspberry, dew- berry, blackberry and all currant and goose- berry canes older than three years; the former because they will die anyway this winter and only menace the health and well being of the young canes; the latter because they produce fruit inferior in quality and size and less in uantity than do canes a year or two younger. if both cases the danger of infestation from insects and diseases is greater. ‘ %& FRuIT-TREE-BARK BEETLES make “pin holes” in the trunks and branches of failing fruit trees. Prevention consists in keeping the trees vigorous and healthy by proper cultiva- tion. If the trees are seriously infested cut them down, burn at once, and replace by new trees from the nurseryman this fall. It is a help to keep the fence rows clean of rubbish and to apply thick coats of whitewash or of concentrated lime-sulphur during late Septem- ber, March, and June. % To feed VINES AND FRUITS economically, save all bones from the house and those left upon the lawn as canine visiting cards. Bury near grape vines, currant, raspberry and other bushes. No danger of getting too many. Half a peck to a peck will be a good “meal.” Be sure to bury deep enough—say 15 to 18 inches. Obnoxious cats, dogs, rats, mice and other animals that eke out a precarious existence may be humanely exterminated and buried near fruit trees and shrubs. Such creatures might be obtained from local societies for the prevention of cruelty to animals and thus put to use in nature’s way. %& If the cHERRY LEAVES have been eaten out and blistered or browned during early or midsummer by the cherry leaf miner the best thing to prevent damage next season is to plow the orchard or dig beneath the trees in the the garden during late October or early November so as to destroy the larvae which burrow in the ground to hibernate. CHECKING THE INVADERS Bugs, Worms, Rusts, and Frost % Mid-autumn is the time to dig out the PEACH BORER which almost always makes its burrow within six inches of the surface of the ground above, or usually below. Remove the earth gently to the depth of six inches and wherever a collection of peach gum and saw- dust-like ‘“‘castings”’ is found, use a penknife to search out and destroy the worm. Don’t fear to cut the bark if necessary to find him. You will do less damage than he will. Leave the earth scraped away for a couple of weeks so upon a second examination you may find any that you have missed the first time over. There’s no harm in leaving it thus for a third examination, say a month after the first. Before winter fill up the hollows, tramp the earth down hard and then make a cone-shaped mound of earth say six inches high around each tree. Leave this until spring as a protection against mice and rabbits. In early June, an- other mound may be raised so as to compel the peach borer moth to lay her eggs higher up on the trunk than the ordinary level of the ground surface. This she will do usually about mid- summer. ‘The borers are hard to find before September. % In many parts of the country, particularly where the soil is heavy and poorly drained, BLACKBERRIES, DEWBERRIES and RASPBERRIES | suffer from winterkilling. “The damage may be considerably reduced or even prev ented entirely by laying down the canes at the approach of winter. The simplest way to do this is to start at one end of the row, and with a many tined “‘D-handled”’ fork press the canes down until they reach the ground. To hold them thus the fork need only be thrust firmly in the soil until enough earth has been placed upon them to hold them down. Then the next clump of canes may be laid over the first one and the process of covering repeated. Much greater speed may be attained where three per- sons work together, one pressing and holding down the canes while the other two do the covering. It is usually not necessary to cover the entire canes because enough leaves and other autumn débris is generally caught and held to aid materially in protecting them. In spring when wild berry bushes begin to show signs of life, or preferably not before currant and gooseberry bushes show their first leaves, the earth may be shaken out with a fork, the canes pruned and tied up for the summer. % As soon as the aspARAGuUs Tops begin to turn yellowish and the berries begin to redden they should be cut and placed on the compost pile to decay. Otherwise the seeds will fall upon the bed and give rise to new asparagus plants which are not needed. If the plants have been diseased (rusted) the tops had better be burned without delay. After the cutting a thick dressing of manure to serve both as mulch and fertilizer may be applied. While some people advocate fall setting of asparagus, it 1s generally best to wait until spring because unless the ground is in ideal condition (especially as to drainage), the fall set plants may be injured. A warm soil and a sunny exposure favor fall setting as well as the production of early spears. Distances between plants and rows vary with individuals. Some people plant 2 x 2 feet; others 2 x 5 or 6 feet so as to utilize the space between rows for early maturing crops such as radishes, let- tuce, beets, carrots and cabbage. %& WHITE GRUBS, WIRE WORMS and other insects whose habits of living are similar may be in part controlled and damage to succeeding crops prevented to just that exten by plowing during mid and late fall because such Practise destroys the hiber- nating quarters or so disturbs the creatures that they fall victims to frost. By this prac- tise also much of the food—grass roots—upon which they feed will have decayed by spring so that many will then starve. But since many” are likely to live in spite of all this it is well to delay planting until late and then avoid all crops specially susceptible to these attacks; for instance, strawberries. % Do your bit to reduce the number of WORMY APPLES. How! See to it that no “worm” escapes to form a chrysalis. Gather up all the apples that fall prematurely because they contain worms and feed them to pigs, poultry or other domestic animals that will eat them. Failing such sources of consumption bury the w orthless fruit and make the balance into sauce or other canned product, being care- ful to burn or bury the parings and cores. Put wire screens on the storage cellar so the moths cannot escape to lay eggs next spring on the early formed fruit. During favorable days examine crevices in the bark of the trees and destroy all hibernating worms and cocoons so found. Indeed, it is a good plan to place bands of burlap around the tree as early in the fall as possible. % Two KINDS OF BORERS are common in apple trees; the round headed and the flat headed. The former is most often found near the surface of the ground above or below; the latter anywhere on the trunk or main branches. Clean culture and washes (such as lime-sulphur or caustic potash added to soap solution until the mixture becomes creamy) are fair preven- tives. But to make sure a careful examination of the trees should be made in early fall and another two or three weeks later. All borers (discovered by their castings) should be dug out with a knife and killed. %& THE SAN JOSE SCALE 1s specially de- fenceless during late fall and early winter be- cause the insects are then immature and their scaly coverings are- softer and more easily penetrated. Spraying first with a twenty-five per cent. oil emulsion (scalecide, or some such special preparation), during mid to late autumn or with winter strength lime-sulphur solution will prove effective with even rough barked old trees. A second application of either spray may be given with profit just be- fore the buds break in spring; after the foliage appears, the spraying solution must be re- duced to “summer strength.” % The PEAR PSYLLA, a tiny sucking insect, hides in crevices of the bark over winter and does much damage both directly by sucking the sap and indirectly by its “honey dew” secretions which are followed by blackening of fruit and foliage. Scrape and burn the bark in November, December or March, and then spray with “black leaf 40” or other commer- cial nicotine preparation, three quarters int to 100 gallons and five pounds of soap. Riscible oil or scalecide at the rate of one gal- lon to 15 of water 1s also effective. Spraying must be done when the temperature is above freezing. SEPTEMBER, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Or ~ Stretching the Calendar [_ ENGTHENING the season of fresh vegetables by several weeks beyond frost dates is quite practical, by giving slight protection. A coldframe is simply a box-like structure, with or without cover, made of any boards, the wider the bet- ter, and supported by stout posts. It may be constructed anywhere though a fence at its northern end, or a clump of trees will help its efficiency. In a straight line, drive short, strong posts, about 3 feet long, 3 feet apart, to a depth of one foot. Six feet away and preferably to the south drive a second row, equally spaced, 18 in- ches deep. Nail boards to these posts on the outer sides and your frame is ready. Now dig up the contained soil, mixing in some well we oe rotted manure, or a some ‘‘complete” 23 ay chemical fertilizer and i xe sow seeds, as sug- gested _ elsewhere. Such a frame will en- able you to grow some extra early beans and beets to maturity as well. Seeds may be sown in close rows; six to eight inches for lettuce; radish, four inches. It is really surprising what a vast amount of stuff can be grown on a limited area, if the space is handled systematic- ally. cool as to become frosty, cover the frame with boards to which may be nailed mats or burlap or any kind of material that will keep out the cold. Uncover in the morn- ing; cover at night. Later on the frame may be converted in- to avery serviceable hot-bed—but that’s to be told of in next month’s GARDEN MaGazIneE. “Forewarned is forearmed.” Fall Strategy for Late Crops “THIRTY days (region of New York) separate us from the earliest re- corded frost of the season—the average date is three weeks later, however. It seems absurd to talk of starting a vegetable garden at this time. And yet, nearly ideal “growing weather” prevails the biggest part of this month. More Late and tender crops of vegetables may be saved for two or three weeks by adequate preparedness. In the centre: egg plants; the one in front was covered by an old barrel, the others were not. SKIRMISHING ALONG THE FROST LINE than a dozen extra early semi-hardy vegetables may still be sown for foodstuffs outdoors, if you press into service, toward the end of the month, some simple devices to keep off the frost. Vegetables that are semi-hardy and that will endure considerable frost if gradually hard- ened are lettuce, onions (from sets), peas, radishes, spinach, and turnips. Onions from sets will not yield until spring; but by planting out either Egyptian Winter or multiplier or potato onions this month, you When nights get so a SS ee This map shows the earliest recorded frosts. three weeks later. Prepare for the unexpected! The average date of expectation is about may gather green onions when your neighbor gets ready to plant his sets. Peas. Sow first week of this month. Such early varieties as Market Surprise or Pedigree Extra Early, etc., will mature where no “‘killing”’ frost disturbs vegeta- tion before October zoth. Sow late peas in double drills, about 2 inches deep, 4 inches between the drills and 18 inches between these double rows. Four 15-ft. rows, handled in this fashion, will yield 2 good messes of pods be- fore frost. Thus planted in a compact area, they are easily cared for and protected from severe cold. Lettuces that will reach edible size before frost injures them are Early Curled Simpson, and Prizehead among the loose-leaved kinds; May King, Naum- burger and Big Boston among the _ butter- heads; and Crisp-as- Ice as a crisp or cab- bage head variety. To grow them to full size, the protection of a coldframe or some such device is neces- sary—a few boards, nailed together in box-like fashion will suffice even. Radishes of the ex- tra early round turnip and __ olive - shaped types that will reach full size by end of month from seeds sown at the beginning are Hailstone, Snow- ball, Rapid Red, Red and White Olive- Shaped, and French Breakfast. Sow thinly, thin promptly, water and cultivate freely. Spinach endures considerable cold, and with a slight pro- tective mulch of straw or dry leaves will go © through the winter in the latitude of New York. Frost Re- sistant Munsterland is the hardiest of all, but it may be impossible to get seed, because of the embargo on Lutch spinach seeds. Sow at once Prickly or Winter, Victoria or Long Standing Prickly to furnish ‘‘greens” by October and again next spring. Turnips. The Mulan varieties will reach the desirable 2 inch size by end of October from seeds sown early in Sep- tember. This crop, lke radishes, will develop very quickly if seeds are sown Lettuce (left) and beans (right) covered with handy cloths on the threat of frost. Take the hint? 58 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1917 thinly and the seedlings promptly thinned to 3 inches apart. Snatching Victory from Frost’s Assaults TIMELY cultivation and systematic water- ing will keep crops growing and in full vigor. Any backward crops of cabbage, celery, lettuce, cucumber, bean (anything other than root crops) can be urged on by weekly watering with nitrate of soda solution NE factor of prime importance to every garden owner who looks forward to next year’s production is the growing difficulty of pro- curing an adequate supply of fertilizer to add to the natural food stores of the soil. Chemical fertilizer is becoming more and more difficult to procure, and in many parts of the country stable manures are almost unobtainable. And yet to the gardener who looks forward and plans ahead the prospect is not as gloomy as might be supposed. In the best of circumstances chemical fertilizers are a short cut, an easy means of attaining an end necessitated be- cause the course of management of the land has been exhausting, not enriching. We are prone to exact the uttermost yield from a garden under forced conditions instead of so managing as to build up a self-perpetuating machine. We have at our hands this potent means of maintaining fertilizer value in the soil—cultivation and cover crops. The former practice pulverizes the mineral par- ticles of the soil and exposes others to the chemical action of the air. The cover plants turn in vegetable matter, humus, and so we in our gardens do mechanically and in a short space of time what the elements do naturally in wearing down rocks and making soils over the centuries. A Practical View OVER CROPS, those plants used solely for the benefit of the soil and the crop to follow, are of such inestimable value in en- riching the garden that they should be used to the limit of practicability. The great majority are fairly quick growing annuals, many of them hardy so far as winter is concerned. Their general strong points may be summed up as follows: (1) They prevent washing of the soil during autumn and spring rains. Both roots and tops aid in this matter. (2) They make the surface pleasant under foot during winter when work must be done upon the land. (3) They save soluble plant food that would otherwise be washed over the surface or down to lower levels out of reach of the succeeding roots. For these three reasons, then, on land likely to be washed, the cover crop should have a large amount of top that will form a good obstruction to water and a good holder of snow. It should also have a large and fibrous root system so as to hold the soil grains; of the two probably the former is the more important. Other Services Rendered HEN sown in late summer or early autumn quick growing cover crops tend to take considerable water and nitrogenous plant food from the soil and thus serve to check late growth of fruit trees and bushes and thus to prevent the winter killing of imperfectly ripened wood. The branches mature better made by dissolving a teaspoonful of nitrate of soda in four gallons of ;jwater—failing this use sulphate of ammonium or plain household am- monia equally diluted. Tomato vines must now be severely pruned, cutting out superfluous branches that have borne fruit and “suckers” that develop at leaf-joints and at the base of the plant. “Trim the tops of every branch, and cut off every flower, for remember, tomatoes require from 30 CAN’T BUY FERTILIZER? THEN GROW IT where a cover crop is used. A tender crop such as buckwheat must be sown either much earlier than a hardy one, because it may be killed by an early autumn frost; or, it may be sown with a slow growing hardy crop (such as rye) which will take its place and function during the latter part of the autumn and the winter. Such a combination is often specially valuable where the trees are bearing large loads of fruit because the effect of the rye will rarely be pro- nounced before spring. In both garden and fruit plantations cover crops add humus, or vegetable matter, to the soil and this material may contain relatively large quantities of mineral matter which they have secured from comparatively insoluble sources. They thus take the place of both stable manure and commercial fertilizers to a large extent. No matter whether the soil be heavy or light the supply of vegetable matter must be kept up. Hence the cover crop that makes the largest amount of vegetable matter in a given time is generally the best to select. To aid in getting such a growth manure or ferti- lizer or both may be added to the soil before the cover crop is sown. What May Be Sown Now MASY cover crops add nitrogen to the soil but some of these must be sown too early in the season to be of value in the garden. red, alsike, sweet, and white clovers are thus out of the question. But crimson clover may often be used following early po- tatoes and other crops which are harvested be- fore midsummer or shortly after. It may also be sown among tomatoes, cucumbers, corn, cantaloupes and other crops that die with the first frost. The time to sow among these is after cultivation has stopped and the vines occupy the ground. Why You Can Sow at Once AS THE seed may not germinate for three or four weeks, and as the plants use very little moisture while small, they will do no damage to the vegetables, and the vegetable vines will not interfere with their development after the harvest. Hairy vetch sown alone or with rye is the other first class garden and orchard cover crop. It is more hardy than crimson clover and may be sown as late as early October on, Long Island. This matter of adding nitrogen 15 of special importance during these war times when chemical manures are several times more costly than hitherto. In orchard and small fruit practice it is possible by continued annual use of legumes to make the soil too rich, but such cases are rare. The corrective is the use of nitrogen consuming cover crops such as buckwheat and rye. Cover crops, especially the erect and stiff to 50 days from date of pollenization to de- velop to fair size and frost is likely to come soon. Remove some foliage, to give the sun free access to the fruits. Blanch celery by means of earthing up or using paper or cardboard “blanchers.” It stim- ulates the growth, improves the quality and acts as insurance against unexpected frosts. If crops get frozen remember: to preserve them is to spray cold water on them before they thaw. stemmed ones catch and hold leaves and snow during fall and winter. The former add vegetable matter; the latter adds the small quantity of available nitrogen that water from the sky always contains. Those crops that form a mat beneath trees may protect fruit from injuries which follow falling on the ground. This is especially noticeable with soft fruit like peaches, pears, plums, and early apples. Cover crops also protect the roots of trees and bushes during winter since they check the alternate thawing and freezing of the soil. An area protected will often continue frozen whereas one not covered may thaw deeply and settle, then freeze and heave seriously enough to in- jure the plants, especially if only recently planted. Now For the Other Side! SUCH being the main points in favor, what — of the points against cover crops? The one often raised that they are killed by frost is of small importance; for the roots and the remains of the tops are still available. As a matter of fact practically everything is saved even in such cases; the only loss is water! some people raise the opposite objection; namely, that the plants do live over winter! Here is where danger is most likely to lie: the crop may be allowed to grow longer than it should in spring. The only safe general rule to follow is to dig or plow in spring as early as the ground can be worked, because every day’s growth reduces the amount of soil water and hardens the plant stems. Best for the Garden OR the garden the best cover crops to sow are: buckwheat, if sown before September first and in a section where the first fall frosts come as late as mid-October; cow- horn and ordinary turnips and rutabagas are hardy any time during September or early October where there are at least six weeks be- fore winter sets in (some of the turnips may grow large enough for home use); Dwarf Essex rape, is good for the same reasons; rye, very hardy, almost sure to grow but is likely to get a serious start in spring—it must be plowed under early; crimson clover, a_ nitrogen collector, best of the clovers for garden work, often winter-kills in cold sections; winter or hairy vetch, hardy, excellent for collecting nitrogen and adding vegetable matter to the soil is best used with rye. Failing all other cover crops, don’t despise those weeds which spring up during the fall. They are mostly annuals and may be easily killed by spring digging. In the meantime they will have held leaves and snow, prevented washing of the sur- face soil, checked the losses of plant food by seepage, added their vegetable matter to the soil, prevented injury to the tree and bush roots and in other ways played the full note of sown cover crops. If you haven’t any weed seeds in your own garden be thankful to the neighbors for their unwitting donations. SEPTEMBER, 1917 216 N. Calvert St., Baltimore, Md., Sept. 29, 1916 In a letter received from you sometime ago, you stated that the roots you would send me would be a revelation—they are in every sense of the word. These roots were planted for me by an old gardener who has known nothing but flowers for half a century, and he tells me they are the finest and most promising lot of roots that have ever come to his notice, and he knows his business.—W. G. Blandford. Beaver, Pa., June 28, 1917 I desire to thank you for the magnificent peonies which I ‘vought of you last year, everyone of which grew, and has bloomed profusely. I have been buying and growing peonies for fifteen years and I never in all my experience saw such magnificent peonies the first year planted.—John B. McClure. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Si hi 80 Montclair Ave., Montclair, N. J., Sept. 26, 1916 My order of peonies reached me yesterday in splendid condition. I had a man from our local florist’s set them to-day and he told me of the {hundreds he had set he had set few orders which were as fine as yours, in fact, he said one of your roots would make two or three ordinary plants. —(Mrs.) Edith T. Bridge Hamburg, N. Y., August 10, 1916 The peony ‘roots purchased of you were the finest roots I ever saw. This year they all bloomed and the beauty of them surpassed my expectation by far. People came to see them from near and far and went into raptures over them. It is by far the finest collection in Hamburg. —Mrs. Geo. J. Brendel This Picture, an untouched photo- graphic reproduction of a corner of one of my Peony ffields, shows to what wonderful perfection and pro- fusion of bloom Peterson Peonies have been brought. Twenty-four years of enthusiastic devotion have taught me how to grow this noble flower so that the roots I sell are possessed of unusual vigor and vitality—roots that show surprising results the first season after planting and prove an ever- increasing delight as the years come on. Peterson Peonies more than “make good” They are Peonies of performance— not merely those of clever advertis- ing. Many thousands of people have learned this to their joy. Why not you My 1917 Peony Catalogue, beauti- fully illustrated with my own pho- tographs, will gladly be sent you on request. (Note; Peonies should be planted in the Fall). GEORGE H. PETERSON, Inc. Rose and Peony Specialist Box 50, Fair Lawn, N. J. Mohican Supremacy WHY WE LEAD BECAUSE of the study of, and devotion to, the Peony alone,—an undivided allegiance. It’s significant. BECAUSE our system of cultivation 1s unmatched in this country. Every root given individual and intensive culture,—as in a private garden. Ask those who have been here. BECAUSE we do not send out a root un- til—regardless of its age—it has bloomed satisfactorily here the spring prior to its going to you. Some of the plants we deliver are three and four years old—with no advance in price. BECAUSE there are not 2000,—nor 1000,—nor 500 distinct varieties; but scarcely more than 100; and we have “spiked the guns” of the duplicates at high prices. Mohican Peony Gardens, There are lots of POOR Peonies; why not have the benefit of really expert advice? of our Peonies ts established. Our fame is nation-wide; everywhere the supremacy It is because we are specialists i a sense which possesses a REAL value and significance; that is, WE GROW PEONIES —NOTHING ELSE “QUR REPUTATION HAS BEEN BUILT ON THE QUALITY OF OUR STOCK”? and they cost no more from us DISTINCTIVE CATALOGUE NOW READY BOX 300 Sinking Spring, Penn’a Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE oN i ci i Stim ate Timely Topics The keynote of September garden activity,is “Preparation!” enjoy inexpensive flowers all winter, now is the time to prepare. If you would To be able to gather flowers outdoors soon after snow disappears, prepare now. You may enjoy green, velvety lawns next spring while your neighbor is just planning his, by timely action this month. And, last but not least, you can have a better garden that will yield bigger crops of choicer vegetables in 1918, if you lay the foundation for greater soil fertility this fall. all of above possibilities. More Flowers For a Brighter Christmas A small sum invested in bulbs this month will help make Christmas a doubly cheerful occasion. Plant the following in pots or pans (which we also offer) : Roman Hyacinths, the earl- iest of all to bloom and easiest to grow. White. $1.25 per doz., $8. per 100. Narcissus, Giant Paper- White, fine for growing in wa- ter, with pebbles to support bulbs. Large Bulbs, 5c each; 50c per doz.; $2.75 per 100. Jumbo Bulbs, 10c each; 75c per dozen; $3.50 per 100. Enjoy These Extra Early Spring Flowers The brilliant little Crocuses help much to make the lawns a great source of satisfaction very early in the spring. Who does not love the modest little Snowdrops and the more showy Daffodils? Here are the kinds that will help brighten the early spring days:— Select, Named Crocuses in blue, white, golden, purple, yellow and stripec. 20c per doz.; $1.25 per 100, | postpaid. Snowdrops, select bulbs, single, 30c per doz.; $1.50 per 100; double, 35c per doz.; $2 per 100. Daffodils, six select sorts, extra fine bulbs. Six bulbs each, six varieties, 36 bulbs in all, $1.50 postpaid. A Garden Full of Tulips for One Dollar Postpaid Giant Darwin Tulips that bloom in May are one of our leading specialties. So well is the quality of the bulbs we sell recognized by the most critical that our sales of them ran into hundreds of thousands of bulbs. Fine Darwin Tulips, in a mixture including choicest varieties, such as Clara Butt, Europe, Pride of Haarlem, ete., giving 75 bulbs in all, prepaid $1.00. (West of the Mississippi $1.25.) Sicampp alter The Tulips of Mi The following offers will help you materialize Bulbs—All Kinds in any quantity, of the most cri- tically selected quality only, are available at prices within the reach of all. Tulips are our specialty! We handle, perhaps, a greater assortment of choice kinds than any one in the trade. Besides Tulips, we handle im- mense quantities of Hyacinths, Daffodils and scores of other bulbous roots. Our bulb depart- ment constitutes a very impor- tant part of our establishment, the high standard of which we maintain at all costs. Beautiful Spanish Irises ' Select mother bulbs for plant- ing out this fall that will bear those glorious flowers commonly called the “poor man’s orchids.” We offer a splendid selection of sorts in the following collection: —10 bulbs each of 10 varieties, 100 bulbs in all, for $1.25. a Waa mo lady’s Garden Inexpensive Fertilizer As soon as part of the garden has borne the crop, dig up the ground and sow either Winter Vetch, Rye or Rape. Turned under in the spring the plants will enrich the soil. Our stock of these useful forage and “green” manure plants is excellent. Since market prices change fre- quently, write for latest quotations. | “Staigreen’’ Lawn Grass is a scientifically compounded mixture of the choicest grasses especially adapted to eastern soils and sections. | Sown this fall, it will make a strong, quick growth this fall, and become firmly established to provide a beautiful lawn next spring. Stargreen Lawn Grass Seed, delivered anywhere in the U.S. at the following prices: — Pound, 40c; 5 lbs., $1.75; 25 lbs., $8; 100 lbs., $30. Write for Free Fall Catalogue It will help you formulate fall plans for both your in- door and outdoor gardens. Really a complete guide to fall planting of bulbs, plants, seeds of such kinds as our lifelong experience in the business enables us to recom- mend to you as thoroughly dependable. Offers all you need for your gardening activity at reasonable prices. Please ask for it TO-DAY. 30-32 Barclay Street New York | SEPTEMBER, 1917 Forcing Bulbs in a Greenhouse OU CAN have flowers in the greenhouse during the winter without seriously af- fecting the use of the greenhouse for gen- eral purposes, as the bulbs when they are first brought indoors, are placed under the benches to develop a stem growth and they occupy bench space for only a few days as they are simply brought up to the light to give color to the foliage and finish to the flowers. The bulbs are usually planted in boxes, pans or pots according to the purpose for which they are to be used (see pages 43 to 46). Lilies, Callas, Ranunculus, Oxalis, Anemone, and Cyclamen are usually planted in pots and placed in the frame, covering them with one or two inches of ashes to insure even soil con- ditions. When the growth shows through above the covering, they can be removed to the greenhouse or retarded until wanted by maintaining a low temperature in the frames. Freesia, Oxalis, Chionodoxa, Spanish Iris, and Gladiolus are also handled in this manner but they are usually grown in boxes as they are used more extensively for cutting. The hardy bulbs such as Tulips, Hyacinths and the various Daffodils and Narcissus, Allium, Ornithogalum, and Crocus are to be planted in boxes or pans and buried in trenches out of doors or the boxes can be laid flat and several inches of clear sharp sand over them will prevent them from freezing. The freezing will do no damage but makes it very trouble- some to get the bulbs without breakage. I prefer the burying method. They are, of course, more trouble when handled in this manner, but the even temperature of the ground at a depth of two feet is very condu- cive to root growth; and that we must have for high grade flowers. The bulbs are dug up as required, of course using the early bulbs first, such as Paper White Narcissus then the French grown single Narcissus, Crocus, and the single early Tulips in the order named. Forcing can be started in November and continue throughout the entire winter. Forced Bulbs After Flowering (AERER they have been forced all the hardy bulbs may be used for outdoor planting. You won’t get any returns for the first year, and they should not be used in con- spicuous places as there is always some uncertainty about them; but those bulbs that increase such as the Narcissus, will in the course of a few years make some very re- spectable clumps. : Bulbs, generally speaking, are cool growing plants. There are but few that delight in high or even moderate temperatures. If grown in too warm a place, you get inferior flowers and weak stems. They are also much more likely to be attacked by insects and diseases when growing in uncongenial con- ditions. The flowers when cut, do not keep for so long a time when forced rapidly and it also tends to develop any weakness in the bulb and you will get a large percentage of blind buds; that is to say, buds that “blast” and do not mature. The maximum growing tem- perature should not exceed 55 degrees at night and 50 degrees would be better on an average. Exceptions are: the Lilies of all kinds, which may be grown at 60 degrees or even 65 degrees; Lily-of-the-valley can be grown at 70 degrees without harm; Amaryllis will stand from 60 to 65 degrees. Freesias and Cyclamen should be grown at 55 to 60 degrees. | AA Lf a problem grows in your garden write Jo the Readers’ Service for assistance SEPTEMBER, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE F YOU could see the Gladioli in full bloom at Cedar Acres (75 acres of glory) you would just have to have Gladioli in your garden. You can see the blossoms, if not the fields, and you can choose your varieties from the actual blossoms. I will deliver to you in perfect condition a large ’ box of Gladioli spurs in full bloom, adequate for se- lecting bulbs to plant next Spring for One Dollar. A greater variety for Two Dollars and a Half. Each variety labeled and priced for immediate order, and early Spring delivery. My fascinating booklet on Gladioli accompanies each box. Buy now after you have seen the actual blossoms. Present prices are low. Stocks of Gladioli will be limited next Spring and prices high. Cear Acres B. Hammond Tracy (Box 27) WENHAM, MASS. ABulb ahead : ~, OF Value — Do Vou Want to J Know all About © ye & May Flowering Tulips—Darwins, Breeders, and others —their origin and history? Are you particularly interested in the various Types of Iris? | Have you eyer had difficulty in distinguishing the Daffodils from the Narcissus? Can you tell the difference between a “Bomb- shaped” and ‘‘Rose” Peony? | is the most valuable bookof |_| | O ur C ata l O$€ its kind published. Itcon- | tains all the above and much other information of value to you. It isa book you will want tokeep for reference. 4 Write for it to-day. Ask for Bulb Catalog WOOD, STUBBS & CO., Louisville, ae INCORPORATED ee , Lae TES 7 LN A HAA Brand Peonies are the Choicest Productions of A © 9 e li merica’sForemost Peony Specialists The lover of good peonies is constantly on the look-out for something new and choice. The seventeen years which we have spent in originating new peonies, place us now in a position to supply just this demand. By the most careful and painstaking methods, we are constantly working to bring forth year after year new sorts of peonies. We find that ten years from the planting of the seed is the least possible time! in which the worth of a peony can be determined. A variety to be retained by us must be healthy in root, stem and foliage. It must be not only beautiful but profuse in bloom and this bloom must come true year after year. The careful and methodical testing of varieties along these lines permits us now to offer the public a line of peonies which are entirely to be depended upon. They are beautiful in bloom and entirely new. A Few of Brand’s Superb Originations Three of the ‘‘Greatest in the World’’ Martha Bulloch—Pink. This famous beauty, as pictured above, was the subject of considerable attention at the exhibition of the Peony Society oH Philadelphia, June 13-14th reported in Garden Magazine for July. Along with other first- class sorts, it was found worthy of praise because of its ‘‘superlative’’ qualities. Elizabeth B. Browning—White. Frances Willard—White. Our Finest Reds Others Richard Carvel, Longfellow, Lora Archie Brand, Louisa Brand, Ches- Dexheimer, Mary Brand. tine Gowdy, Florence Nightingale, MIDNIGHT—The Black Peony, a | Harriet Farnsley, William Penn—The single four year root of which sold | Monstrous, sweet scented deep pink. this season for one hundred dollars. And many other new ones, just ($100.) coming out. Descriptive Literature on request. Write to-day while stocks are complete BRAND PEONY COMPANY ec mn 540 Lumber Exchange, Desk B, Minneapolis, Minn. wa TTT Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 62 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1917 Old-Time Southern Recipes J. M. PATTERSON Dreer’s Reliable | CONTINUING the recommendation made = 4N in last month’s GaRDEN MaGaziINE (p. 26) e Bl e here are some convenient ways of handling pring- oomimng corn, beans, etc: Butter beans, black eyed peas, navy beans and English garden peas can be left on the Bulbs vine to dry. After gathering, spread out on a paper in the attic to dry out thoroughly, : s ¢ then shell and put in thick paper bags. As a Le not miss the joy of having a bed or border f | precaution against weevil pour a little bisul- of bulbs next Spring. Plant them this Fall phide of carbon on the seed and close up the as early as you can and success is certain. ges _One ounce to one hundred pounds of We import the very highest grades of the finest eee pagina. se OF varieties and offer in our Autumn Catalogue splen- a é 1 ! ‘ or seed, but running them in the oven as is did collections of Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, sometimes recommended impairs the beans Crocus, Snowdrops, etc., etc. for seed. Caution—Bisulphide of carbon The Fall is also the time to set out Hardy is inflammable and should not be used near a : ro light or fire. Perennial Plants, Vines, Shrubs, etc. Our Autumn Snap Beans can be puc iniaeeeneaneee Catalogue also gives a complete list of seasonable and are quite as good as those that are seeds, plants and bulbs for out-doors, window f | canned— garden and conservatory. Snap Beans in Brine. Gather when tender and not too large, string and break in half—scald in boiling water, and then plunge in cold water immediately. Make a brine strong enough to bear an egg—put snap beans in an earthen jar and fill up 714-16 Chestnut St. with brine—let the beans be well under the brine—turn over - 5 them a heavy plate to weight them down—cover over with Henr ¥ A. Dreer, Philadelphia, Pa. grape leaves and tie over top of jar a heavy piece of cotton cloth. Mailed free to any one mentioning this Magazine A few beans could be added daily if there are not enough beans - : - : : ST DRED at one time to fill jar, but it is well to add a handful of salt each —- — = — aa Eee = time so the brine will be quite strong. To use, take out as f Bo KEES “i many beans as needed and soak over night, cook and serve. Corn packed in salt. Gather the corn when in good condition to eat and prepare the same day—boil on the cob until the milk ceases to flow, which is about ten minutes—cut the corn off the cob being careful not to scrape the cob and get any of the husk— and pack in stone jars in the following order: A layer of salt at the bottom half inch deep, then one of corn two inches deep, another half inch salt, and so on until the jar is nearly filled. Let the top layer of salt be double the depth of the others and pour over all melted lard (not hot) or parafine. Press upon this when nearly hard a thick white paper, cut to fit the mouth of the jar. Keep in a cool place. Yo use, take out of jar as many cupfuls as are needed, pressing the covering of salt and lard carefully back into place. Soak corn over night before using. Horstord’s Cold Weather Plants are the best to use where winters are severe. Don’t forget that plants which have stood Vermont winters can stand any cold climate where white folks are willing to live. I grow and sell Trees, Shrubs, Hardy Flowers of best sorts, Wild Flowers, Orchids for outside culture, Hardy Ferns, Lilies (mostly fresh from the beds), Crocuses, Tulips, Narcissus, Trilliums, etc. Many of fhe Most Famous Lawns have been produced by the Lenox Formula—a high quality recleaned seed mixture of fine-leaved, dwarf - growing grasses. We recommend sowing from August 15th to September 15th, five bushels to the acre, or for renovating old lawns, one to two bushels. Per bushel of 20 lbs, $5.50; per single lb., 35c. We shall x be glad to make up special mixtures if de- Before placing yout orders drop me a sired and invite consultation regarding any card and get my spring and fall cata- difficulties you may experience in getting logue. Don’t fail to see it before order- the right turf for any purpose or place. als ASS os (CAAT IN Arthur T. Boddington Co., Inc. F. H. HORSFORD, Charlotte, Vt. = Dept. G, 128 Chambers St. New York City ORCHIDS || PRONIES Largest importers and growers of Orcuips in the United States Get catalogue of our Gold Medal collection ' - ‘ To a pint of the grated fruit allow three pounds of sugar and Sa eateeerndes Saat ee), Uta Sie GALL RR 2 e a ee of water. Boil the sugar and water until it spins a LAGER & HURRELL E. A. REEVES South Euclid, Ohio thread, add the grated quince and boil as thick as honey. Pour Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT,N. J. into jars and seal hot. This is nice to serve with hot breads and - . : cakes in the winter. Corn Put up in Brine. As late as possible in the fall prepare tender roasting ears for winter use. Strip off the outer shuck, leaving the inner, silky ones next to the grain. Have ready a nice clean wooden firkin or tub, properly scalded and sunned. Sprinkle salt over the bottom. Pack closely with corn. Wash a large flat rock and lay on ‘the top when nearly full. Pour strong brine over the corn, covering it well. The day before using, strip off the shuck and silk, place in a bucket of cold water (renewing the water once or twice) and let it stand until ready to use. Two ears soaked thus and shaved into a pot of soup with other vegetables will impart a delicious flavor. Boil on the ear =| ten minutes and serve whole for dinner. Dried Corn. Boil corn on cob about twenty minutes. In cutting it off be careful not to cut too close to cob. Spread on a cotton cloth and put in sun each day until perfectly dry, taking it in at night. When dry put in a cotton bag and hang in a dry place. To use, take a tea cup full and soak in water all night before using, and before serving boil it for five minutes. It is not good for corn pudding. QUINCE HONEY This Quince Honey can easily be put in wide mouthed bottles as can the cold Cucumber Catsup. Choose for this honey nice ripe quinces, pare, core and grate. OLD-FASHIONED HOMINY Making hominy by the old method is so much better than the new way but it requires much patience. Two heaping tablepoonfuls of cooking soda can be used in place of the home made lye to bring this old time receipt down to modern times. To Make Hominy. 1 qt. of dty white field corn. 4 teacup of home made lye. Brooder for 50 to 100 chicks No. 3 Poultry House for 60 hens—2 units Setting Coop HODGSON PORTABLE HOUSES pal ath the sree of orn thoruslls Mice be under water two inches. Let boil until corn cracks. Take off of stove and set aside to cool. Rub corn between the palms of the hands to free the grains of the husks. Rinse in fresh water. Cover thoroughly with water and put back on stove Room 311, 116 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts and let come toa boil. This rids it of the lye and leaves hominy E. F. HODGSON COMPANY 6 East 39th Street, New York City white. Pour this water off and put on again with twice as much water and cook slowly until done. The various models of these houses are arranged after the most scientific methods of raising poultry. Years of experience have proved this. The brooder can be operated outdoors in zero weather. The poultry house is made in sections that can be quickly bolted together by any one. The setting coop keeps a hen by herself while setting. All neatly painted. Send for illustrated booklet. The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Gardening SEPTEMBER, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 63 ee POETS Glorious Puget- Sound Peonies The finest named varieties now ready for your selection and Fall planting. Send for descriptive price list. Roses, Bulbs, Perennial Plants for Fall Planting Home grown, Handgathered 1917 De- pendable Perennial Flower Seeds that won't disappoint you. THE PUDOR FARMS Puyallup Washington Plant, Bulb and Seed Specialists LUTTON GREENHOUSES Give 100% Attractive Satisfaction Efficient lee Durable articu- lars upon request WM. H. LUTTON CO. 263-269 Kearney Ave. Jersey City, N. J. Horticultural Architects and Builders Greenhouses Conservatories Cold Frames School of Horticulture for Women ZS AMBLER, PA. Two years’ practical and theoretical course Next entering class for in Horticulture. diploma students January 15, 1918. Fall course of ten weeks for amateurs begins September 11th. Write for particulars. . Early registration advised. ® Elizabeth Leighton Lee, Director, Box 105 PEONIES Fifteen fine named Peonies for $2.50, or 25 for $5.00, all different and truly labeled, a chance to obtain a fine collec- tion at half price, comprising such varieties as Festiva Max- ima, Delachei, Achillea, Lady L. Bramwell, Couronne d’Or, Prolifica Tricolor, Louis Van Houtte, and various other fine sorts. With any order of above for $5.00 I will include one plant of Baroness Shroeder, free. I have the largest stock in America of Lady Alexandra Duff (absolutely true) and many other fine varieties. Send for catalogue. W. L. GUMM, Peony Specialist Remington, Indiana Tree Surgery The Davey Tree Expert Co. 1204 Elm St., Kent, O. iree Surg e0 ns | Gee ae & SERINE: Fes Tere aro aes BX Corre Hest of Planting Evergreens This Fall Q' FIRST importance — planting conditions are in both your and their favor. When Fall planted, they become firmly established and next Spring put forth a vigorous growth; which means quick, sure returns for your expen- diture. Then tnere is the help problem, which is now in your favor. As short as it has been, it will be shorter yet in the Spring; shorter and cost more. With the usual Fall slacking off of estate work, you will find more men available. The thought of frost and Winter, also makes them less inde- pendent. As for the quality of our trees, we will leave that to you or any expert you may choose to pass on them. We known them to be a choice lot, with full vigorous tops and abundant compact roots. In variety, few nurseries have as large an assortment, even to the rarer kinds. Send for our catalogue. ulius Box 10, A Real Peony Garden $9 50 A Real Peony Bargain “e<~ 12 plants, 6 good kinds, 25 plants, 12 good kinds, 25 plants, 12 choice kinds, $2.50 4.50 7.50 Free blooming named varieties, our selection, mailing size, good value, and sent prepaid. Many should bloom the first year. Descriptive list quoting prices for express ship- ment sent on request. The Sarcoxie Nurseries Peony Fields Wild Bros. Nursery Co. Sarcoxie, Missouri Box 514 The Economy Roehrs Co At The Sign of The Tee Ros ri 5 oy Every worth while nursery burlaps their evergreen root balls nowadays. Burlapping is recognized as essential to best results. But don’t lose sight of the fact that it’s roots you want. Plenty of compact fibrous roots with ample clinging undisturbed soil about them. These are what we burlap. utherford NJ. The Fear of Color Send $1.00 for our Booklet ‘‘Fear of Color. Fear of plants. Fear of Plants as Weeds.’’ This Booklet will mark the beginning of a revolution in cultivation of soil, especially gardening in town and country. Onions and Carrots 1500 to 2000 bushels per acre. Wo hand weeding. No hand thinning. The greatest single annual economic leak is the ignorant, careless and slovenly cultivation of soil and spacing of crops. Nature conserves, upbuilds and enriches soil by growing plants upon it. Upbuildyour soil in field and garden by efficiently growing and spacing crops. Let us tell you how. Upbuild, conserve and guard your health by growing and eating northern grown vegetables, highly colored northern grown fruits, which properly feed stomach, intestines and colin. Efficient field and garden hand tools, illustrated and uses explained, alone are worth the price of the Booklet. Money returned as cheerfully as taken if not satisfied. We do not want your money unless we fairly earn it. A. H. & N. M. LAKE, Box 107, Marshfield, Wis. Advertisers wil? appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 64 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE eee eee Te r — lop-Notchers Perennial Larkspurs If you like blue flowers, you simply must have some of our wonderful seedling Lark- spurs with their regal spikes six feet or more in height in marvelous shades of dark- blue, light-blue and white. Special Offer For Immediate Planting To introduce our new Seed- ling Larkspurs, we will send prepaid to any address: 12 Assorted, One-Year Old $5 Field-Grown Clumps, Guaranteed to bloom con- tinuously year after year. SEND FOR OUR CATALOGUE “IPERENNIALS FOR PALL PLANTING: Charles H. Totty Madison ee New Jersey I 2y) + COMING EVENTS = )LUB & S@IETY NEWe) Meetings and Lectures in Sep- tember (Following dates are meetings unless otherwise specified) 1-2. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Boston, Mass. Exhibition of the Products of Chil- dren’s Gardens. 3. Lenox, Mass., Garden Club. New Bedford, Mass., Horticultural Society. 4. Lake Geneva, Wis., Gardeners’ and Foremen’s Association. Garden Club of Pleasantville, N. Y. 6. Marshfield, Mass., Garden Club. Garden Club of Lawrence, L.I. Lecture: Garden Design and Color. 6-7. Northern Nut Growers’ Association, Annual Convention, Stamford, Conn. Uo Pasadena, Cal., Horticultural Society. 8. Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., Horticultural Society. 8-9. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Boston, Mass. Dahlia and Fruit Exhibition. 10. Park Gaiden Club, Flushing, L. I Rochester, N. Y., Florist Association. New Rochelle, N. Y., Garden Club. New York Florists’ Club, New York City, N. Y. 12. Short Hills, N. J., Garden Club. Lenox, Mass., Horticultural Society. Nassau Co. Horticultural Society, Glen Cove, L. I. 14. Connecticut Horticultural Society, Wethersfield. Westchester, N.Y., & Fairfield, Conn., Horticultural Society. Minnesota, Minn., Garden Flower Society. 17. Lenox, Mass., Garden Club. 19. Rhode Island Horticultural Society, Providence. Tarrytown, N. Y., Horticultural Society 20. Marshfield, Mass., Garden Club. 20-22.. American Peat Society, Minneapolis, Minn. 21. Pasadena, Cal., Horticultural Society. 21-22. California Dahlia Society, San Francisco, Cal. Annual Exhibition. 22. Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., Horticultural Society. 24, Park Garden Club, Flushing, L. I. 25-27. American Dahlia Society in conjunction with the American Institute of the City of New York. 26-28. Short Hills, N. J., Garden Club. School Garden Association of New York, New York City. School Gardens Exhibit of the Schools of New York. j 28. Connecticut Horticultural Society, Wethersfield. Garden Club of Lawrence, L. I. Flower and Vegetable Show. The Late M. Vilmorin Philippe de Vilmorin, head of the world- famous wholesale seed house of Vilmorin- Andrieux & Co., of France, died June 3oth. He was forty-five years of age and had suc- ceeded his father in the able direction of the firm which has long been an institution of the greatest value to horticulture and agriculture, dating from 1774. It is in the production of the sugar beet (by Louis Vilmorin 1816-1860) that the most spectacular result rests, but each generation has labored consistently for con- tinued improvements in vegetables and flow- ers, until the very name of Vilmorin raises ideals of progress and standards of accomplish- ment that are quite unusual. Philippe de Vilmorin had many friends in America, and the writer of this note records the loss of an esteemed friend who was at all times ready to assist from the stores of his knowledge and experience.—L. B. The Dahlia Festivals LLOWING a season that has generally proven quite favorable for the produc- tion of flowers the managers of the Ameri- can Dahlia Society are assured of an unusually representative display of blooms on the oc- casion of the annual exhibition to be held in conjunction with the American Institute at 25 West 39th St., New York City, September 25th to 27th. Admission is free, and the leading growers will have their novelties on view. On October 3rd the Short Hills, N. J., Garden Club holds its ninth annual Dahlia show, this time for the benefit of the American Red Cross. It is hoped that interested ama- | teurs having blooms to send will communicate | with the Secretary, Mrs. Chas. H. Stout. Write to the Readers’ Service for suggestions about garden furniture SEPTEMBER, 1917 Lil. Candidum (Madonna Lily) No Lily so glorious, so chaste, so fragrant, and HARDY planted in Sep- tember — flowers June—July. Each 12 100 Extra large bulbs $.20 $2.25 $12.50 Monster bulbs. 30 3.00 15.00 Delivery paid Send for our Fall Bulb Book. UNIQUE— — INSTRUCTIVE. H.H.BERGER & CO., 70 Warren St., N.Y. Atkinson’s PREPARED Hummus contains everything necessary for any plant and any soil Each Pound (with proper cultivation) will grow more than five lbs. of luscious vegetables INSURE THE LUXURIOUS GROWTH OF YOUR TREES AND SMALL FRUITS by fertilizing them this Fall with Atkinson’s Prepared Humus. Cream of the Earth top dressing, will produce a fine utting green or lawn quicker and cheaper than by any other method. he original, clean, odorless Prepared Humus. Beware of imitations and substitutes. Apply now on lawns. Humus is universally recognized as being an indispensable element necessary to plant growth, bat it is not a complete fertilizer by itself. The elements lacking are supplied in Atkinson’s Prepared Humus. ‘‘Humus is the basic matter for plant foods. Bread without salt would be a failure; plant food without Humus is a JOKE.” Scientific Crop Feeding, Vol. 5, No. 5. Please send your dealer’s name with your order. Prices F. O. B. cars at ware- house—Bogota, N. J. 100 Ibs. $3.00; 300 Ibs. trial order $7.50 the ton rate. Price per ton $50.00, with instructions if desired.. M. B. ATKINSON Pare IT and LEASURE in growing your own Fruit next year Bogota, New Jersey “fi Pedestals, Gazing Globes Dials to order for any latitude. Guar- anteed to record sun time to the minute. Illustrated detailed information sent upon request Ask for Folder C-2 E. B. Meyrowitz, Inc., *x2,7yt%Arenue Branches: Brooklyn, Detroit, St. Paul, Minne- apolis, London, Paris. THE BARTLETT WAY . OF TREE SURGERY Means safe, sure’and Jasting results. It is backed by years of ‘“‘knowing how.”” Enthusiastically endorsed by Forestry Schools. Representatives available everywhere. Send for “Tree Talk.” THE F. A. BARTLETT COMPANY Stamford, Conn. 588 Main Street DUTCH BULBS are coming! The Quality of “Diamond Brand” Bulbs of 1917 crop promises to be superfine! Weare not so sure about the Quantity, but hope enough will reach us to go around. OD O To popularize the giant-flower- Special Offer :—in, DARWIN TULIPS we will mail 12 blooming bulbs each of CLARA BUTT, clear salmon pink, PRIDE OF HAARLEM, deep rose shaded scarlet and GRETCHEN, very light salmon, $1 36 fine bulbs in all, postpaid for.................. FREE:—Treasures of Bulbland describes the choicest Hyacinths, Tulips, Daffodils, etc. Delivery in September. Write for your copy TO-DAY. NETHERLAND BULB CO., 32 Broadway, N. Y. SEPTEMBER, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 65 Sih vi li “= — AACA TAT = Enlist the Berry Plants to Boost Next Season’s Food Crops : A few square yards of ground, a few spare hours of work in planting and cultivating and you may gather, neat spring, all the berries you want, from plants set out this fall! A small investment in plants will give you an assortment of vegetables, fruits and berries in bearing from April to November. plus to can. « collection we recommend: 100 Strawberries, Superb Everbearing 24 Raspberries, Red Everbearing Ranere 12 Raspberries, Yellow Golden Queen 12 Raspberries, Black Cumberland 12 Blackberries, Blowers ness stand back of every plant in the collection. plete stock of ornamentals free. GLEN BROS., Inc. Established 1866 Above collection of 320 Strong, Healthy Plants, together | with directions how to plant and cultivate for $12. Will bear from April to November in 1918 A life time’s experience of varieties; over half a century’s expérience in the nursery busi- | Definite results are assured in return for a reasonable amount of care, while the cost of the plants is negligible when compared with value of crops gathered. Join the great army of food producers NOW Complete catalogue of berry plants, fruits and a fibet com-= Write or order TO-DAY. , Glenwood Nursery eR Besides fresh stuff to eat, there’ll be a sur- - As a “high cost of living” plant collections equal our - Home Garden Collection of Food Plants Carefully selected by our garden expert to provide A Family of Four with an abundance of good things to eat. Appetizing Asparagus, deli- cious Rhubarb and then quantities of berries, bearing in perfect suc- cession fruit of a quality rarely obtainable on market. reducer, few Every Can ot Fruit Saved Helps the World to Victory Here is the 24 Currants, Perfection 12 Gooseberries, Downing 100 Asparagus Roots, Palmetto 6 Rhubarb Roots, Champagne 12 Grape vines, as follows: 2 Niagara 2 Lucille 2 Diamond 2 Green Mountain 2 Wyoming 2 Moore’s Early 1819 Main St., Rochester, ,N. Y. I ccc MMMM MMMM MM Ci iii MMMM MMMM MMMM More About Brand Peonies Within a few years we ex- pect these magnificent Amer- ican seedlings to outclass, in popular favor, most novelties of the old world. Their rugged constitution and great adaptability to many soils and climates make them the Peonies ‘‘par excellence’ for American gardens. We grow acres of them and every root is Guaranteed True-to-Name Our careful system of hand- ling the plants in the fields assures you that you will receive just the kinds you order. By systematic testing we eliminate all weak or un- reliable kinds. This we have done for years with the result that now, our assortment con- tains only the top-notchers in every class. Francis Wil- lard, shown herewith, is one of our choicest and best. Be- come acquainted with all the rest of our collection. Write us TO-DAY for Catalogue Describing 400 Varieties, Yours Francis Willard—a Winner Free for the Asking Besides Brand's glorious new seedlings we have a most complete stock of the newer French and English varieties. None but the choicest are given space in our nursery. Become acquainted by writing us to-day. Conscientious service, fair prices, and a square deal are assured you. Babcock Peony Gordens, R. F. D. No. 80, Jamestown, N.Y SHAS oats rece eT SEE Te TTAARAIT IMAM 0000000000000 IN For Autumn Planting Bobbink & Atkins 400 ACRES OF NURSERY 500,000 FEET UNDER GLASS In quality, variety and extent our collections are unrivalled in America Evergreens and Rhododendrons Peonies and Iris Hardy Old-Fashion Flowers Spring Flowering Bulbs Special Catalogue for Fall Planting on Request Visit nurseries only 8 miles from New York Rutherford, New Jersey Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 66 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Sk wea Oa KING GREENHOUSES are winter gardens. They are built to capture every bit of sunlight during the short days and give in zero weather, practically the same growing conditions which your plants enjoy in summer. Now is the time to build your winter garden. Just write for our greenhouse literature and tell us what you would like. Our experts, without any obligation, will put your ideas into practical shape and submit plans and estimates. King Construction Company 377 King’s Road, North Tonawanda, N. Y. All the Sunlight All Day Houses BRANCH OFFICES: New York, 1476 Broadway; Boston, 113 State Street; Scranton, 307 Irving Ave.; Philadel- phia, Harrison Bldg., 15th and Market Streets © LVviow ba: Aalignd ZOUHNN VOGEL caLANLSAURKiAAE Wolcott's Hardy Plants ULLAL Fairfax Roses Do you want an abundance of roses all summer? Then plant Fairfax Roses. They are grown slowly under natural conditions (not forced) will bloom the first season for you under ordinary care, and will be a con- stant delight for many years. Book on request giving instructions as to the proper method of growing roses. W. R. GRAY Box 6 Oakton, Virginia Transform your shady spots into harmonious color pictures by colony planting of hardy primulas! Our stock of rare and beautiful kinds is unique in this country, both in number of varieties and quan- tity as well as quality of plants. Plant them this fall for spring bloom in your garden. A modest booklet describing all our plant treas- ures is yours free to command. Write for it. WOLCOTT NURSERIES Jackson, Mich. ANN Putting Color in the Landscape | Evergreens provide the solid colors that lend permanency to the otherwise constantly changing aspect of the landscape. Add unusually beautiful tints to the permanent pictures created with Evergreens and the near-ideal in landscape building may be attained. Of all the Evergreens with effective colors, we best like Blue Spruces for Beauty and Symmetry Colorado Blue Spruce (Picea pungens glauca) varies in shade from light green to intense steel blue. Of uni- form shape and habit, reaching a height of 25 feet, when fully developed. Carefully selected blue seedlings, 2 ft. high, each $1.50; 3 ft. high, each $2.50. Koster’s Blue Spruce is a particularly fine strain of intense blue, permanently retained by grafting. It is uni- formly more reliable in holding the color, and the needles are longer. Height 20 feet when full grown. 2 ft. high, each $2.50. 3 ft. high, each $4.50. Ready for transplanting now. Plants will be carefully packed and safe arrival is guaranteed. Free: Treatise and Catalogue The treatise contains practical suggestions how to choose and plant Evergreens. Our complete catalogue is ready to acquaint you with the vast resources of our extensive nurseries, backed by overacentury’s experiencein the business. Write us TO-DAY. AMERICAN NURSERY COMPANY, Inc. 800 Acres—at Flushing, L. I. and Springfield, N. J. Sales Office—Singer Building, N. Y. = The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Nursery Stock, etc. Fall Planting Service consists of definite recommendations what you may plant this fall in your location, climate and soil. It includes the furnish- ing of plants, shrubs and trees, critically grown and handled with particular care to make them adaptable to fall transplanting. For transplanting during September we recommend Peonies, Irises and Evergreens These form a large part of the very complete assort- ment of stock growing in our nursery. Nearly twenty years of continued growth and better service have seen this nursery grow from a smaller begin- ning to a large enterprise supported by the loyalty of thousands ‘of satisfied customers. Any plants that grow and thrive under the greatly varying conditions in our nursery, will grow well anywhere. Our Free Catalogue will help to familiarize you with our plants, their sizes and prices. You will .find it full of frank statements concerning the type of plants we offer and the kind of service that goes with every sale. Let us get acquainted! Write for your free copy of our cata- logue NOW! WILLADEAN NURSERIES Sparta, Kentucky HRT ITA Deming Water Supply - for Country Homes 32-page Bulletin of water-supply facts and installation suggestions gladly mailed free: describes Deming air pressure systems—convenient, dependable, simple — operated by motor, hand pump, gasoline engine or windmill. Write to-day to THE DEMING COMPANY 119 Depot St. Salem, Ohio A Garden Library for a Dollar and a Quarter Bound volumes of THE GARDEN MAGA- ZINE represent the last word on gardening. It is really a loose leaf cyclopedia of horti- culture. You are kept up to date. Save your copies of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE and let us bind them for you. There is a new volume every six months, and Vol. 24 is ready now. Send your magazines by Parcel Post and we will supply index, and bind them for you for $1.25. If you have not kept all of the numbers, we will supply the missing copies at 25c each, or we will supply the bound volume complete for $2.00. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE can be of more service this year than ever before, and you can get most out of the magazine when you bind it, and keep it in permanent form. Address: VL LLL LLL LLLP Circulation Department GARDEN MAGAZINE, Garden City, N.Y. N S N N N N N N N N N N N N N NY Ny SSS SepreMBER, 1917 iene Geagk DER IN = MAG A.Z IN E 67 TUM —=— suction cil a OU will value Hicks Evergreens now because they make your place quiet and secluded and lessen the noise and dust of the street. A wall of green will help you to live in the country all _ winter and save the expense of a city residente. Evergreens 15 feet high shipped safely 1000 miles. Order z0w Hicks big 20-year-old shade trees for October planting. Satisfactory growth guaranteed. Plant ow flower- ing shrubs and berry-bearing shrubs to attract winter birds. Hardy flowers in pots for immediate planting. Send to-day for complete catalogue. Phone 68 Hicks Nurseries, Wistscr. ppetable Lore What to Plant—How to Plant MAGAZINE for the benefit of the J amateur gardener. \Its aim is to teach planting, growing and cooking of 4 vegetables. An all-year companion of the home gardener. No advertisements —no high-sounding terms. Just truthful, , understandable advice forthe happy men -and women to whom the garden is aplay- | ground and a patriotic necessity. Full value to subscribers in excess of claims or money refunded. Issued monthly— Here is the house foundation before the evergreen transformation. Note the stilted, “formidable” aspect of its barren lines An Evergreen Planting Suggestion Well Worth Following sample free—$1.00 per year. NE of the happy facts about evergreen Had things just right at the start. MAURICE FULD, 1457 Broadway, New York planting is that you can know in advance He has the added assurance that the just what effect it will give to your grounds. pleasing transformation he has attained will You can do as the owner of the house shown be alasting one. For he knows that his Bay above did. When his Bay State evergreens State Stock has the rugged root power, and arrived (with each root ball securely bur- the sturdy backbone to withstand rigorous : : lapped) he placed them about his foundation Winters and give him continued pleasure and Dried Roots of it sell at $5 per pound and above ground. He then kept changing the loca- satisfaction. wholesale. druggists are eager to buy them. tion of this one and that one until he got an You can have that same assurance. Send Hydrastis Canadensis” or Turmeric Root, effect that exactly suited him. Thenheplanted. to-day for our Hand Book of Information. also called Indian Dye, thrives from Ontario to Georgia and West to Missouri and Minnesota. LUA) I will ship either roots or seeds direct from my own gardens in the high mountains of Western North Carolina. ‘Golden Seal’’ will grow for anybody and the product is more reliable than Ginseng. For best results it should be planted in the fall. Write for price list TO-DAY. E. C. ROBBINS Pineola, N. C. 672 Adams Street North Abington, Mass. JAQUAANAAOA ANANTH AAT cal HHMI HTML 2) HE latest word in efficiency and ds economy in Garden- ing with Glass. Hardy Guaranteed Trees and Plants We guarantee our trees to make the growth the planter has the right to expect. This means: You plant our trees properly, give them due care and attention, and thenif any of them fail to grow as you have reason to expect, we will replace them without charge. You are the judge of what you should expect. “Inside Facts of Profitable Fruit Growing”’ and ‘‘How to Beautify Your Home Grounds’’ sent prepaid for 10 cents each. WILLIAM P. STARK NURSERIES Box 498, Sfazk ‘City [to Clean, White, Crisp | Celery results from the use of the Scz- entific Celery Bleacher. Easily put on, excludes all the light, weather and waterproof, good for several seasons if handled carefully. Size 12” x 12” $1.25 per 100. Size 14/’x 14’’ $1.50 per 100. Free sample on re- quest, as is also our little brochure on many other sea- sonable garden helps. The Gische Co., 131 Hudson St., N.Y. Sash of all sizes carried in stock. Small, inexpensive, ready-made Greenhouses for summer delivery. Suntrapz—the wonder working plant boxes that come by mail. Get our Catalogue of Garden outfits. Free SUNLIGHT DOUBLE GLASS SASH CO. 927 East Broadway Louisville, Ky. Ss Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 68 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1917 Ry, Planted early in Autumn, these artistic and vigorous shrubs add a distinctive atmosphere of beauty and refinement to your home. Moon’s Evergreens are used extensively for individual or group plantings on lawns, near house foundations or other buildings on your grounds. Philadelphia Office 21 South. Twelfth Street Zen Plant MOON’S EVERGREENS Now THE WM. H. MOON COMPANY - Nurserymen Morrisville, Pennsylvania They screen anything objectionable that otherwise would mar the attractiveness of the view. If you have an idea of the plantings you desire, write us for an estimate. We have a catalogue listing our entire selection. It is free. Write for it. The Moon Nursery Corp. White Plains, N. Y. i A delightful handboo’s for rose lovers. Tells how to uae 99 pane pe ey etc. itor Barron of the Garden Low OSes Magazine, says: ‘‘The book is a very thorough round-up of what the amateur wants to know about roses.” Library edition, 121 pages—16 in natural colors. Sent postpaid for $1. Contains coupon worth $1 with $5 order for plants. O7der now. CONARD Box ROSES & Jones Co. 24 West Grove, Pa. Rob’t Pyle, Pres. A. Wintzer, Vice-Pres. Rose Specialists Backed by 50 years’ experience JWUTrSeries SS Beautify your home by planting a few evergreens. Don’t wait. Every year’s growth will add more and more to the attractiveness and value of your property. Ourcatalog shows you many beautiful varieties and gives valuable suggestions. Do you want a fine hedgerow, some flowering shrubs, climbing vines, roses? You will find all these in the catalog, along with the best things to plant in small and large fruits. Be sure to write for this book to help you in your planning. Ad- dress The Morris Nursery Company Box 804 West Chester, Pa- JUST WHAT YOU WANT FOR AN UP-TO- ER REAL RN RK RY BARAK RXR “BUFFALO” Portable Poultry Runways are neat and easy to handle and erect; simply push legs into ground. Made from 13% inch diamond mesh, heavy galva- nized wire fabric and galvanized round iron frames with 1 inch galvanized Hexagon Net- ting along bottom, 12 inches high, strong and durable, last a life time. Can be moved to other locations at will. Greatest thing on the market for young chicks or duckling runways or can be used for grown chickens, ducks, geese, etc., and make any size yard you wish. Can also be used to advantage for enclosing small vegetable garden plots, etc. Standard size sections as follows: 7’ long x 5’ high 6 sisting of stx sections or more Sizes mentioned above can be shipped from stock immediately. to order on short notice. DATE MOVABLE POULTRY YARD Price, each section $3.75 1.60 O 2.00 Special sizes made Send money order, check, New York draft or currency by registered mail and we will send you one of the greatest articles in existence for poultry or dog kennel purposes. Booklet No. 67-A will be sent upon request. Place a trial order to-day, we know you will be well pleased. BUFFALO WIRE WORKS CO. (s.:fmst¥ i ENLARGED VIEW eeler’s Sons ) 467 Terrace, Buffalo, N. Y. Looking for Something NEW? HERE IT Is! The UNIVERSAL PORTABLE SHELF hangs on a common nail, anywhere. Supports 20 pounds. Used for books, electric fans, vases, flower pots, lamps, clocks, and 1000 other things. Enameled white, green, mahog- any, tan, pink, blue, gray, gilt, etc. 50c. Each, $5 Dozen Booklet Free. | AgentsWanted THE GEORGE W. CLARK COMPANY 259-L Fifth Ave., New York TULIP BULBS, Postpaid | Price per 100. Twenty-five of a kind at roo rate, provided order totals 100 bulbs or more. Gesneriana, red . $1.60 Bouton d’Or, yellow . 1.20 Caledonia, orange scarlet 1.60 Mixed Parrots, feathered edges 23) Copenh ae Mixed May Flowering, AU CHOS, 4 1g 5 BHA) Farncombe Sanders, red 3.00 Clara Butt, salmon pink 2.00 Mad.Bosboom, cherry red 2.00 Kate Greenaway, faint pink! 3.» eer Z Oo) Mrs. Potter Palmer, dark purple; .- 2) 3estoo! 1.20 Bar. dela Tonnaye, pink 2.00 Wedding Veil, light gray 2.00 White Queen, blush whitel;/) ) ku) eye 00 Mixed Darwins, all COO) 4 og a o alte As many more varieties in list. Send for it. ORONOGO FLOWER GARDENS Carthage, Mo. A Charming Birdbath of Artificial Stone fifteen inches square, three 2 inches thick, hollowed out round two and one half inches deep in centre sloping to three-eighths at edge. Inexpensive, Practical, Artistic. Price $2.00. Three for $5.50, f.0.b. Verona. Verona Bird Houses. Send for List. — WwW. H. BAYLES Verona, New Jersey Narcissus Bulbs Ready Mixture, composed mainly of varieties Poeticus Ornatus, P. Poetarum, P. Pheasant’s Eye, single and double yellow Incom- peril Stella, Barrii conspicuus, Mrs. Langtry, Dolly Cup, innie Hume, with occasional bulbs of other varieties. $1.00 per 100, $8.00 per 1000, postage or express paid. Prices on larger quantities furnished on request. Oronogo Flower Gardens Oronogo, Mo. Reiber Bird Homes are always filled with birds— summer and winter—in summer for nesting—in winter for shelter. Reiber Bird Baths and Feeding Stations should occupy a place in every garden, school grounds, Park and Estate. The Reiber Bird Book describes and illustrates them— sent free on request. Reiber Bird Homes, west Wetstes, N. Y. THE BEAUTY of Hardy Phlox can not be imagined. They must be seen both in color and Show. I have over 300 varieties. Send for list. W. F. SCHMEISKE Hospital Station, Box 11 Binghamton, N. Y. PYINGEE ROSES © es Dingee roses are always grown on their own roots —and are absolutely ¢ie dest for the amateur planter. Send to-day for our y “New Guide to Rose Culture” for 1917 Be NI —it’s free. It isn’t a catalog—it’s a practical work on rose Cag growing. Profusely illustrated. Describes over 1000 varieties iF of roses and other flowers, and tells how to grow them. Safe i delivery guaranteed. Established 1850. 70 greenhouses. = Box 937, West Grove, Pa. {THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., SEPTEMBER, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZIN AN . —— faint ee ee IN Sienna Beautify and Protect Your Grounds HIS picture shows the simplicity, sturdiness and good appearance of the Excel- sior Rust Proof Fence. Gives protection to the lawn, shrub- bery, flowers, etc., yet permits complete view from any point. “FXCELSIOR’ MARK RUST PROOF FENCE is made of heavy wires, dip- galvanized AFTER making. Wires are held firmly at every intersection by our patented steel clamps. The heavy coat- ing of pure zinc makes the whole fence rust proof and exceedingly long wearing. Ask your hardware dealer about Excelsior Rust Proof Flower Bed Guards, Trellis Arches, Tree Guards, etc. Catalogue B sent on request WRIGHT WIRE COMPANY Worcester, Mass. OF ALPINES AND ROCK A PLANTS from the rugged slopes of the Rocky Mountains el con- ense more t COLORADO J fer me oy te rt eae dening. The list includes rare and GARDEN choice varieties of Anemone, Co- lumbine, Clematis, Delphinium, Gentian, Evening Primrose, Pentstemon, Yucca, Hardy Cacti, A’ and many others not commonly cultivated, all hardy and easily grown. Besides native plants, we grow and catalogue all the best orna- mentals for the Northwest, in- cluding trees, shrubs, evergreens and hardy flowers. Either cata- logue free. Rockmont Nursery, Boulder, Colo. splendid colors and tints. “‘care-free flowers.” Six Splendid Peonies EACH Asa Gray. Pale lilac $1.00 Achille. Mauve-rose : 50 Edulis Superba. Mauve-pink SD Felix Crousse. Bright red 1.00 Mme. de Verneville. Blush white 75 Festiva maxima. White 75 Entire set of Six varieties $4 prepaid. Ready for September planting. to you on request. A. N. PIERSON, INC. Box 12 The Magic of a Summer Garden Is Wrought with Hardy Plants |S tee: perennials, which live happily and improve from year to year, give a distinct value to the garden from spring to fall. most admired when the Peonies and Delphiniums and Irises bring forth their Even on a small place there is room for these If you are to have an established garden next year, plant large clumps, worth- while stock, this fall—next spring will be too late. Two Choice Subjects for the Garden Peonies should be planted in September; Delphiniums in October Cromwell Gardens Handbook of Perennials, Roses, Trees =, | | A booklet that will be of interest go all who have a garden or greenhouse. Select varieties only are described and illustrated. CROMWELL GARDENS Cromwell, Conn. These old plants are i Delphiniums Il The famous ‘“‘Cromwell Gardens Strain” of | select hybrids—the type that produces long, well set spikes. Light to dark blue. Mammoth 3-yr. Clumps, 50c each, $5.00 per dozen, $40 per 100 Ready for October planting A copy will be mailed TOWNSEND'S TRIPLEX Floats over the uneven ground as a ship rides the waves The public is warned not to purchase powers infringing the Townsend Patent No. 1,209,519, Dec. 19th, 1916 The Greatest Grass- cutter on earth, cuts a swath 86 inches wide. S. P. Townsend & Co. 23 Central Ave., Orange, N. J. Send for catalogue illustrating all types of Townsend mowers. Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing — and we will, too. SEPTEMBBHR, WW AX ORE of the Kelsey Health Heat points that is a great conven- ience, is thisone. In the early Fall, before you have regularly started the heat; or in late Spring after you have regularly let it go out; there are nippy days when just a little heat is a great comfort giver, and health helper. With a Kelsey you can, with a newspaper and a few sticks of wood, easily start a fire that will at once start tempering your roomis. No water to heat or boil before you get any heat. The minute you start a Kelsey, that minute the heat starts heating. It’s awarm air heat. It’s afresh air heat. It’s a moist heat. It’s an economical heat that’s noiseless, dustless, leakless. Send for Booklet. [a= KELsE WARM AIR GENERATOR 232 James St. Syracuse, N. Y. NEW YORK—103-P Park Avenue CHICAGO—217-P West Lake Street DETROIT—95-P Builders Exchange BOSTON—405-P P. O. Square Building CW WO WW \ Wii Wi AX, WwarCw A WWKWU_— You’ve Long Wanted A GREENHOUSE’ Here it is ready to set up, with all problems of erection so simple any carpenter can put it up at lower cost than you thought! Callahan CUT-TO-FIT Greenhouses Made and guaranteed by one of the largest houses in the business, so they must be right. Best materials—everlasting cypress. Practical for largest grower or small backyard, capable of expansion to any size—and at real economy figures. This is an Greenhouses for Everyone—1is is an our line of Callahan Sectional Greenhouses, which may be installed by any handy man. As artistic and complete as anyone could wish. The greenhouse can supply your family with food and flowers | all year round, and show a handsome profit. Market gar- deners who have been afraid of poor construction will ap- preciate the Callahan quality. Write for particulars, , mentioning your wants. pee, Callahan Duo-Glazed Sash Co. by 135 Fourth St., Dayton, QO. * Yldddddddddddddddddéédé * E ENEMY ON (2 YOUR FARM? rs This is a war of endurance. |% Men and money are important |% but—food counts most. Soldiers |” who fight must eat. Somusttheir |7% dependents at home. The world | must be fed. wa Every idle acre of reclaimable ‘| “} land on your farm aids theenemy. |” ~| Every acre of untilled soil de- |v 23] prives many needy mouths of food. The sinking of each food ship |% is a disaster, but the idle acres of |% America could grow more food |¥ per year than all of the enemy’s |” submarines can destroy. A Fight the enemy now, with |” RED CROSS FARM POWDER bd It is the most efficient reclaimer |7 “i of cut over, boulder strewn or {% %] swamp land. Ithelpsto solve the | “| labor problem, enables one man {|% FAN INS NSU NNN SANT TPSEPELING FS to do the work of many and does Ka “| it better and quicker. a ” Get our big book free = . 5 d a Learn the facts on farming |¥ “| With Farm Powder—thesafe,quick |Z. “| andefficient method. Send to-day i #) for your copy of m2 The Giant Laborer No. 523F a ba E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. BI Wilmington, Delaware “I am reading ‘The Balance’ all over again from the begin- ning just to renew my youth.”’ Alex. Harvey in *‘The Bang’’ Every bookstore has this novel Net $1.35. Doubleday, Page & Co. Winter ® 2M) NM Blooming lrisesmmum E are one of California’s delightful possibil- ities. Planted NOW they will bloom in Southern California throughout winter and early spring. ‘ Tris unguicularts (stylosa). A charming lilac-blue winter flowering Iris, with the most de- lightful fragrance? Suited to the Southern States and milder portions of the Pacific Coast. Will with- stand some frost and snow. Extra largeclump that should flower this coming winter, $1 postpaid. __ Price list of new and standard varieties of Iris sent upon request. THE DEAN IRIS GARDENS, cali The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Nursery Stock, etc. 2 Moneta, Cal. AMERICAN-GRJUWN EVERGREENS For September Planting UR ability to supply plants of the highest quality is not curtailed by the stoppage of for- eign shipments. Buy nursery stock grown at Andorra. Andorra Nurseries Wm. Warner Harper, Prop. Box 100 Our catalogue, “Suggestions for Effective Planting”’ on request. Chestnut Hill Phila., Penna. 1917 WITHOUT WHICH KIND OF PLANTS DO YOU GROW? 4 Nabe difference between the above plants is the difference between SUCCESS and FAILURE. Start two plants at the same time in the same size pots and with the same kind of soil. On one user tea- spoonful of *‘RED-SNAPPER” Plant Food ina quart of water every two weeks and on the other use plain water. The result will be as above. Pictures tell more than words. *““RED-SNAPPER” is not merely a stimulant but an actual plant food —rich and nourishing— creating a wonderful growth of foliage and a luxuriant profusion of flowers almost beyond all expectation. Order Direct if Dealer Cannot Supply You Grocers, druggists, hardware dealers and florists sell Red-Snapper products. If your dealer cannot supply you send us 50 cents. We will send a large 2-lb. can of Red-Snapper Plant Food prepaid, in- cluding an 8-0z. package of plant tonic to sweeten the soil and give plants a quick start. If you will tell us your dealer's name we will send you free our valuable flower booklet, ‘‘House Plants and Flower Gardens; Their Care and Culture.'’ Red-Snapper Plant Food is sold also in 1244 Ib. sack for florists and gardeners at $1.50. For hungry plants use Red-Snapper Plant Food For sickly plants use Red-Snapper Plant Tonic For plant insects use Red-Snapper Plant Soap DEALERS—Write for Our Introductory Sales Proposition Dept. 15 NATIONAL PLANT FOOD CO. (5) Stock on hand at following places—use nearest address: General Office, Eau Claire, Wis. _ WITH Factory, Pensacola, Fla. NOW is the time to PLANT Deomes Ting of all Flowers Set out the roots now and they’ll bloom next year. Peonies grow almost anywhere. Immense of blossom, gorgeous, yet delicate and refined, they add the touch of beauty no other flower gives. You may select from more than 100 varieties, including the magnificent new and brilliant sorts—as Therese, LaFrance, Marcelle Dessert, M. Cahuzac, Karl Rosenfield and dozens of others very rare and scarce. All from the famous 25-acre Rosenfield Peony Gardens. FREE—booklet of varieties and valuable information on growth and care of Peonies—the experience of J. F. Rosenfield, Originator and specialist for 33 years in these flowers. J. F. ROSENFIELD PEONY GARDENS, Box 4, Omaha, Neb. Peonies Couronne d’Or........... Duc de Wellington. ...... Grandiflora Nivea Plena Karl Rosenfield.......... La France)... (22358 1 Mme. Boulanger......... Mme. Bucquet Umbellata Rosea Wenusi.. 3...) eee eee 12 Choice Iris $1.00 For $3.00 select $3.75 worth “« 500 “ 6.50 “ Bi MOTO) 13.00 “ Send for list of Iris and Peonies GEO. N. SMITH Wellesley Hills Mass. SEPTEMBER, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 71 All That Can Be Desired in Mechanical Skill and Artistic Effect In selecting a fence it is important that it harmonize with the architectural taste and spirit of the home and its surroundings. You secure both beauty and service in Shon“ fence IRON FENCE ‘The Standard of the World” Stewart Iron Fence and Gates possess stately individ- uality. They add to the appearance of lawns and gar- dens. A Stewart Fence is economical. It will endure for many generations and stands for permanence and ° security. Get your 1917 Fence Guide Book—FREE. This complete catalogue will help you make suitable selection for residences, country estates, town houses, or public institutions. THE STEWART IRON WORKS CO., Inc. 655 Stewart Block Cincinnati, Ohio “The World’s Greatest Iron Fence Builders” The World’s Choicest PEONIES Including all the New and Rare Varieties Le Cygne, Solange, Therese, La France, Martha Bulloch, Tourange- lee, La Lorraine, Primevere, Rosa Bonheur, M. M. Cahuzac, Loveli- nes, Enchantess, Jubilee, etc. Send for new catalogue. Now ready. D. W. C. RUFF Globe Bldg., St. Paul, Minn. Relief From Rupture The Brooks Rupture Appliance has given relief in thousands of cases where other means have failed. Permits parti- cipation in activities otherwise prohibited. Automatic air cushion provides firm, yet gentle pressure. It retains the protrusion at all times. Always covers the ruptured spot. Clings closely, never slips. A New Invention Brooks Rupture Appliance is nol atruss. No dangerous springs—no hard rubber pads. Made to measure. Sent on trial. Durable, cheap. Write for measurement blanks. BROOKS APPLIANCE CoO. 275A State Street, Marshall, Mich. MR. ROBERT PYLE—the well-known Garden Lecturer and Rosarian invites correspondence from garden lovers and societies. Subject — “The American Rose Garden” illustrated with finely colored lantern slides. Address: West Grove, Pa. 5 WATERWEEDS of all kinds are easily removed from lakes, ponds, streams, etc., by the Submarine Weed Cutting Saw. Send fo particulars. Aschert Bros., West Bend, Wis. : TRON AGE Farm, Garden and Orchard Tools Answer the farmers’ big questions: How can I grow crops with less help? How dig potatoes - with fewer horses and men? How save every tuber before,the frost and in time for the best market? Engine . Tron Age Potato Digger will dig your potatoes in two-thirds the usual time. Saves two horses for other work. Oper- ated by 4% H. P. air-cooled ‘“‘New Way” Engine you can stop the Digger and the engine will clear the machine. Automatic ‘ow-out clutch prevents breakage. Engine is quickly interchangeable for Iron Age En- _gine Sprayer. We also make three other styles, one of which will surely meet your condition. We make a full line of potato machinery. Send for booklet to-day. BATEMAN W’F’G CO. Box 85N Grenloch, N. J. a= The Coe, Converse & Edwards Company Nursery Landscape Men NOW is the [ime to Plan Plantings— whether you plant this fall or next spring! Trees and Plants that are adapted to Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa and Minnesota are our _ |/ Specialties. Varieties that are hardy here will succeed anywhere. planted in the fall in this latitude. Some cannot. Let us advise with you regarding this. Our illustrated descriptive book, Hardy Fruits and Ornamentals, will be of value to you. Write to-day stating what line of nursery stock interests you Many things can be safely Box D, Ft. Atkinson, Wisconsin (ALOWAY a, POTTERY GIVES ENDURING CHARM ‘end for our illustrated ~ catalogue of Flower Pots, Boxes, Vases, Benches, Sundials, Gazing Globes, Bird Fonts and 7 otherArtistie Pieces for Garden 8 a and Interior Decoration. ? GAatoway TERRA ]TA ©, ' 3214 (WALNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA, sE particular about the hard- ware for your garage. Select it as carefully as you choose ‘the design of the building. For durability, strength, artistic ap- pearanceand long per- fect service specify STANLEY GARAGE, Y HARDWARE This includes Stanley Garage Door Holder No. 1774 which locks the doors open, preventing injury to car and occupants while entering and leav- ing the garage; and Stan- ley Garage Bolts, Ball Bearing Hinges, Latches, etc. Samples of Stanley Garage Hardware may be seen at any first class hardware store. Write to-day f 7 illustrated catalogue on Stanley Garage Hardware The Stanley Works New Britain, Conn., U.S.A. New York Chicago Serviceable Attractions for Beautifying Home Grounds oie h- GO AS: Garages with Pergola Features. Lattice Fences, Garden Houses When writing enclose 10c in stamps and ask for “Cat. H-30" HARTMANN-SANDERS CO. Fattory and Main Office: New York City Office: 2155-87 Elston Ave., Chicago 6 East 39th Street HOLLAND BULBS Beautiful and desirable varieties in Darwin, and other fine Tulips, Hyacinths, Narcissi, Etc. PEONIES AND IRIS In Fine Clumps PLANT THESE NOW Prices not Inflated. Quality the Best Prompt Service Let Us Send Our Catalogue FRANKEN BROTHERS, _ Deerfield, Ill. Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing — and we will, too 72 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE SEPTEMBER, 1917 ZONAL NMA PEONIES and IRIS Our Specialty Grow Fruits Freely For Garden Efficiency America must be the food factory for the world’s millions. Every acre ought to be a “two-cropper.’”’ Fruits are as important as potatoes and wheat, or corn and cabbage. Vegetables mean “‘one-crop gardening,” fruits mean “two-crop efficiency,” for vegetables can be grown between the fruit rows—and the fruits bear year after year. “Hoopes’ Specialties” in Fruits For Garden and Orchard presents select varieties of Apples, Peaches, Cherries, Raspberries, Grapes, and other valuable fruits for home garden or orchard. The quality of these fruits is backed by a firm who has spent 63 years in growing everything needed for home and orchard planting. Send to-day for this useful booklet. HOOPES, BRO. & THOMAS CO. The West Chester Nurseries 45 Maple Avenue, West Chester, Penna. Our salesman, who may be in your vicinity, will help you in your plans. Ask him, or write to us PEONIES A Block of Peterson’s Peonies Our Guarantee We will replace with three every plant bloom- ing untrue to description. Send for descriptive price list just issued 1033 Stock Exchange Bldg. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS NLC ce Use This pe hest FREE mn ll I Ik _ Irises, Hardy Plants, Lilies and Moth- e ° Aurore - $2.00 Madame D’Treyeran * - $2.00 P; f Japanese Gar en pecialties Baroness Schroeder - - 75 Madame eueuste Dessert - 1.00 1 1 c I.00 adame Savreau 2 = 00 roo ica for ann 1917 18 Catalogue Glonele charles Gombault 75 Me Martin Cahuzac - - Bis - arl Rosenfield - - 2.00 r. Manning - at em 75 edar ann . King of England Gap. ) - 1.50 Petite Renee - - - i Over 500 fine varieties of Irises avn ayctiees >) AE Sol Therese jae ae eae Chest Sent on ree Trial }2i7°"" pea cedar Catalogue on request H. F. CHASE Fernlea Andover, Mass. : 1980 Montreal A. Rainbow Gardens St PatluMincenne Have you gardening questions? Ifa : plant fails, tell us about it and ask Tulip Bulbs Ready Now Chest. Your choice of 90 styles and designs ’ S May-Flowering mixture contains nearly all the common varieties senyon 15 days’ free trial. We pay thefreight. 4 help from the Readers Service. of the Cottage-Garden type, besides some higher priced novelties,; tedmuont protects furs, woolens, and plumes = Breeders, Bizarres, Violettes, Parrots, and a few Darwins. Srom moths, mrce, aust and damp. Distinctly Reduced Beautif Furnitur bulb mine 1.00, 40 li d 50 a; beautiful. Needed in every home. Lasts for generations. Factory y € ulbs postpaid for $ or 40 tulips an: narcissi. Tulips per Finest Christmas, wedding, birthday or graduation gift at Prices. Protect Floor and Floor Coverings 1000, prepaid, $10.00. great saving. Write to-day for our great new catalogue Freight from injury by usin and reduced prices—all postpaid free. Prepaid is jury by g Oronogo Flower Gardens Carthage, Mo. LESS Onward sliding urniture oe SALAD SECRETS. roo recipes. Brief but complete. 15c by in place of casters. mail. too Meatless recipes, 15¢c. 50 Sandwich recipes, 1sc. All Z es ; q three, 30c. B. H. Briggs, 456 Fourth Ave., Newark, N. J. ESD = Tp youn dealer will not supply you 9 “HOW TO GROW ROSES”—Library Edition; SALE AES ao in : i ONWARD MEG. CO. natural colors. Not a catalogue. Price $1, refunded on $5 order iii MENASHA, WIS. DEPT. T f L Ee Bayo ; ©) U BOTTLES for plants. The Conard & Jones Co., Box 24, West Grove, Pa. A HOUSEHOLD NECESSITY I10¢ Piedmont Red Cedar Chest Co., Dept. 84, Statesville, N.C. Underground Garbage Receiver cs ELA installed at your home—means less danger from infantile pa- ralysis germs. Act NOW—for your protection. Eliminate the dirty garbage pail. Be- fore buying send for our catalogue. It will pay you. 12 years on the market Look for our Trade Marks Sold direct factory Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Manufacturer, 40 Farrar Street, Lynn, Massachusetts —the most authoritative book on rose planting, cultiva- tion and pruning ever published. Beautifully printed in colors, this valuable guide gives special prices and tells all about our famous Roses, Plants and Bulbs. It’s the lifetime experience of America’s largest rose growers. You will be astonished at our low prices. Tells how we prepay express charges anywhere in the U. S. and guarantee safe delivery. Write to the Rose Specialists for your copy to-day. HELLER BROS. CO., Box 921, New Castle, Ind. SUNDIALS Real Bronze Colonial Designs From $3.50 Up Also Bird Baths, Garden Benches, Fountain Sprays and other garden requisites. Manufactured by The M. D. JONES CO. 72 Portland St. Boston, Mass. Send for illustrated Price-List we Ready- cut ¢ or not Reade cut. Plans Beep, Build yourown. Prices$52up. Highest grade ma- terials supplied complete. Prompt shipment anywhere. 100,000 customers. Send for FREE Garage Book NOW! 2326 | Gordon-Van Tine Co. 6301 Case Street Davenport, Iowa The Readers’ Service-will give you suggestions for the care and purchase of cats and dogs and other pets Room 228, 116 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. = Roses can be ee Safely in the Fall And it’s an ideal time to make a Rose garden, for the plants will be ready to start into growth on spring’s first warm days. Hybrid Perpetuals Hybrid Tea Roses Climbing Roses We have the reliable and popular varieties in 2-year-old field plants at 30 cts. each, $3 per dozen. A few special sorts at a little higher price. Our General Catalogue presents Roses, Shrubs, Shade Trees and Evergreens, Perennials, Lilies and House Plants. Your needs may be supplied from this comprehensive booklet; write for a copy. Autumn Bulb Catalogue Late information from Holland indicated that Dutch bulbs— Hyacinths, Tulips, Daffodils—will come to America, and we expect to have our usual large quantity. Send for our list at once, and place your order early. We shall fill and ship just as soon as our bulbs arrive. 15 East Ninth of Dept. A, ae Penna. [ts high time that you decided how to build that bungalow, garage or other much-wanted building. Will it be the usual plans and estimates; dirt, racket and extra expenses or will you let Hodgson help you—show you how to side- “step building troubles ? HODC ON fees From the Hodgson Catalog you select the house you want. It’s easy. Every style is described, pictured and priced. The photos show the houses completely erected and occu- pied. The prices are itemized—and the plans thoroughly marked with dimensions. Hodgson Houses withstand the worst winter weather. They are made of the best lumber—in finished, fitted and painted sections. Best ofall, it is not much more than a Saturday afternoon job to erect any Hodgson House. If you pay 25% of the price of your house we prepare and hold it for you. Then you save money—and you are as- sured a prompt delivery. Itonlytakes a postaito send for a catalog—which will save you dollars and a lot of energy. “E. F. HODGSON CO. 6 East 39th Street, New York City A Touch of Summer In the Dead of Winter Winter days need not be altogether cheerless; for the Spruces and Pines and Cedars, with deep green color, will bring back in memory the sun- shine and joy of summer. Every lawn has a place for one or two—or may be a dozen—large size evergreens. , Koster S Blue Spruce. Dignified conical form, beautiful foliage of intense silvery blue; a desirable evergreen for the home grounds. When grouped with trees of dark green, or golden foliage the effect is wonderful. 2 to 3 feet, $3 each; 3 to 4 feet, $5 each; 5 to 6 feet, $7.50 each. Norway Spruce. Foliage deep green; branches drooping; compact, and useful for windbreaks and _ screens. Perfect specimen trees, 2 to 3 feet, $1 each; 3 to 4 feet, $1.50 each; 5 to 6 feet, $3 each. American Arborvitae. Pyramidal in form: foliage bright green, turning to bronze. A good evergreen for masses, hedges, or specimens. 8 feet, sheared speci- mens, $7.50 each; $70 for 10. 9 to 10 feet, $9.50 each. $90 for 10. Special prices on large quantities Come to my nurseries and select your trees. I will welcome you any day except Sunday. Ask for a copy of my booklet of evergreens, shrubs, and hardy plants. ADOLF MULLER DeKalb Nurseries Norristown, Penna. WING’S PEONIES Our collections include the best distinct varieties, al! standard sorts and many new novelties. Now is the time to plant. Following are just a few representative varieties: COLLECTION B Augustin d’Hour, dark solferino Boule de Niege, crimson Mary Holley, rosy magenta Umbellata Rosea, amber white Mme. Bucquet, dark crimson Edulis Superba, mauve rose Duchesse de Nemours, white Floral Treasure, lilac rose Mme. Calot, hydrangea pink Princess Beatrice, violet rose COLLECTION A Dr. Bretonneau (Verd.), rose Faust, Hydrangea pink Fragrance, Solferino red Duchesse D’Orleans, salmon Louis Van Houtte, deep rose Officinalis Rubra Plena, crimson Duchesse de Nemours, pure white Mme. Moutout, bright rose Marechal Vaillant, mauve pink Alexander Dumas, violet rose Entire Collection A for $3.25 Entire Collection B for $5.00 Our Catalogue describes over 150 varieties. Send for copy THE WING SEED CO., Box 2626, Mechanicsburg, Ohio On the high road ____ between Athlone and Mullingar, Ireland ~ John M°Cormack’s first audience _._. The Irish lad who ran away to be a minstrel : and grew up to be a world-famed artist __ A boy nine years old stood at a street corner on a “fair day”? in Athlone and listened to an old fiddler and ballad singer. The first thrill of romance surged in the boy’s veins.. When the wandering minstrel struck out for the next town, _ the lad trudged blissfully by his side, with boyish indifference to the home folks _ beside the river Shannon. Two days later the boy’s frantic parents overtook him at Mullingar. He got no “licking’’—only a mother’s blessing and the tears of those who heard him sing “Molly Brannigan,” the first ballad he ever learned. ‘Thus did John McCormack take his first journey on the high road to Fame. Today the minstrel-boy has grown into a world-famed artist, a singer renowned in every land. His first wayside audience of country folks has swelled to vast audiences filling the great auditoriums in the capitals of the world and to that still mightier host who know and love him through his Victor Records. John McCormack makes records for the Victor exclusively. With the artist’s sure instinct, he knows and appreciates Victor Supremacy. oe Hear the McCormack records at the nearest Victor store. Victor Talking Machine Co., Camden, N. J., u.s.A. Berliner Gramophone Co., Montreal, Canadian Distributors x ; 6 Se ictor Supremac THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK STORING FOR WINTER The GARDEN MAGAZINE October 1917 Price: 25¢ In This Issue: WHAT WAR GARDENS HAVE DONE FOR THE COUNTRY MESSAGE FROM THE FOOD ADMINISTRATION USING FRUITS AND VEGETABLES WISELY FOOD FROM THE GREENHOUSE Trillium erectum (Beth Root), roc. each, $1.00 per dozen, $5.00 per hundred. Plant Ferns and Flowers Now EAUTIFY the shady corners around the house, the bank by the brook, or that strip of woods. Hardy Ferns and Flowers planted now will grow robustly and flowers will reward if you by blooming earlier next year. Wild Flowers, Hardy Ferns, Bog and Aquatic Plants are included in our special Fall Offers for fall planting. Nearly all of the plants growing in my nursery can be transplanted in the fall with full assurance that they will grow. rr : 3 Arisaema _ trip im (Jack i e pulpit), roc. ea $1.00 per dozen, $6.00 per hundred. Send for the Gillett Catalog pe eae Ue ea irene Com Its 80 pages are profusely illustrated and de- Enythronium Americanum (Adders 3 > 15 » $1.50 per dozen, $7.50 ongue), roc. each, $1.00 per dozen, per hundred. D O s ( $6.00 per hundred. scriptive of many unusual plants. Its advice about each fern, flower or shrub and its soil information make it invaluable to the nature lover. Sent free —it contains many special fall offers. Each year for 35 years, I have satis- fied an increasing number of patrons. Send for catalog today. EDWARD GILLETT Hardy Fern and Flower Specialist 3 Main Street Southwick, Mass. a 5 2 Dicentra canadensis (squirrel corn), SSA a aR a as De F E epi i triloba (Liver leaf), 5c oc. each, $1.00 per dozen, $s.oo per » $1.25 per dozen, $6.00 per hun hundred, is r NT nN Ph mn i : Tian l am| ait | Thalictrum anemonoides (Rue Anemone), roc. each, $1.00 per dozen, $5.00 per hundred. OcTroBeER, 1917 Wh SSINMTNOIEOTS ETUC A Fruit the Year Around from your own garden and that garden need not be any larger than 75 feet square! Think of gathering delicious cherries, luscious pears and plums, fragrant quinces and the finest apples right in their'prime, fresh from your own trees. Fresh fruit from early in June until February, canned fruits until the new crops come—to help you materialize all this, we offer 3 2 Standard and Dwarf Trees ] 2 Each a Specimen of its Kind HN 9 South Market Street There are 2 “Everbearing” Apple Collections, twelve trees all told; 1 ‘“All-Sea- son” collection of 6 Dwarf Pear Trees of fruiting S1Zes 2 (Cieeyo) Apples; 2 sour and 4 sweet Cherries, in black, red and white kinds; be- sides 4 Plums, 1 Prune and 1 Every tree in this assortment is as fine a specimen as we know how to grow. It has taken us several years to get teady to make this offer. Our fruit expert took care of it that the kinds in- cluded are the choicest for the home garden, Quince Tree. In its entirety this assuring high-quality fruit in assortment stands for all the fresh large quantities at the earliest fruits, jellies, jams and preserves possible moment after planting. the average family can eat. Circu- This is the month to set them lars on varieties free on request. out. Plan ‘‘How to Plant Them” Free A complete blue print of above assortment of fruit trees, most advantageously placed in a square plot and most logically arranged in smallest possible space, will be supplied with each shipment. p Our large catalogue offering a complete assortment of all worth-while fruits and ornamentals free for the asking. Over fifty years’ experience and a strong reputation for fair dealing stand back of every plant, shrub or tree you get from us. Write or order NOW. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 73 Wait Till Spring Now is the best time to plant most of the Hardy Perennial Plants We devote many acres to the cultivation of this charming class of plants, our collection being one of the most complete in America. Some of our specialties :— IRISES LARKSPURS PAEONIES PHLOXES We also have a very complete list of Conifers and other Hardy Shrubs. Write for a complimentary copy of our Autumn Catalogue. R. & J. Farquhar & Co. Boston, Mass. PEONIES AND PEONY LOVERS Here are two collections that will be appreciated by folks who are not in the ‘‘fan- cier” class and yet like to have some peonies of which they can be proud. _ Both are great bargains at prices given which are much lower than the average market value. BARGAIN COLLECTION POPULAR COLLECTION Achille . . . . $0. Alexander Dumas Agida ° . . . . Berlioz 5 Canarii. ‘ 5 : . Boule de Neige Charlemagne Festiva Maxima Duchess de Nemours Jenny Lind Faust . 55 . . 5 La Tulipe . Fragrans . . . . . Madame Calot . 5 Humei . . . 5 . Mile. Juliette Dessert L’Indispensable . . Monsieur Krelage Madame de Verneyille ° . Princess Beatrice Mile. Desbuissons . Purpurea Superba Zoe Calot . e . Triomphe du Nord Total Total $6.00 Any six for $2.00; the 12 Bargain Any six for $2.50: the 12 Popular Collection for $3.50. Collection for $4.50. 2 99 This book of ‘‘Peonies for Pleasure’’ gives you in- ‘‘Peonies for Pleasure formation on ‘‘Peony History,’ ‘‘Nomenclature,” “Six Points of Excellence,’’ “A Month of Peonies,”’ ‘‘The Lure of the Peony,” ‘An Appreciation,”” about Peony culture, soil, drainave, fertilizers and how to apply; planting time and how to plant; va- rieties for cut flowers; how to grow exhibition flowers. This book describes over two hundred of the choicest kinds. If you want information on the plant that stands next to the Rose in beauty, that is practically known to the amateur as simply a red, white and pink Peony, then send to-day for “‘Peonies for Pleasure.” THE GOOD & REESE CO., 7° "ati, Wena" GLEN BROTHERS, Inc., Established 1866, Glenwood Nurseries, E Box 44, Springfield, Ohio 1820 Main Street Rochester, N. Y. 2| = rau : a | Fill rca ccc crm ooo alll | Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 74 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE PLANT THE BULBS THIS FALL HESE majestic tulips are without a rivalin Spring flowers. Their adaptability to our American climate due to their hardiness and vigor, their stately bearing and exquisite shades make them now the most extensively planted of all spring- flowering bulbs. Planted in beds, in clumps among perennials, or bordering shrubs, their effect in May is beautiful beyond belief. During our forty years of dealings in every bulb growing district of the universe we have worked up a successful and reliable business connection, strengthened by periodical for visits of a representative, and latterly a yearly visit to the — war-burdened bulb districts of Europe. This should satisfy planting our readers that our efforts to please have been worked Cee %t0the limit, and proven by our thousands of constant cus- 5 tomers. Last year when many firms disappointed on deliv- Vaughan S eries, Vaughan’s Seed Store were there on time, and with full ———_ quantities. These are big reasons for placing your order here. Reasons Twelve Splendid Late Tulips DARWIN VARIETIES (, COTTAGE VARIETIES BARTIGON. (24in.) Glowing crimson scarlet, vigor- | MRS. MOON. (30 ins.) Golden yellow pitcher- ous, lasts well in sun, very highly recommended. shaped bloom; tall, upright, sweetly perfumed. Doz., 50c; per 100, $3.50; per 1000, $30.00. Doz., 65c; per 100, $4.50; per 1000, $40.00. MASSACHUSETTS. (25ins.) Deep rosy pink petals, | THE FAWN. (20 ins.) Pale yellowish fawn color, with lighter edge. Long cup-shaped blooms on combined with rosy lavender and pale blush mar- stout stems. A splendid pink, recommended. gin. Doz., 50c; per 100, $3.25; per 1000, $28.00. Doz., 50c; per 100, $3.00; per 1000, $25.00 EMERALD GEM. (18 ins.) Bright orange-scarlet, CLARA BUTT. (20 ins.) Clear salmon pink, with with sea-green base, margined yellow. Sweet lighteredges. We know no better tulip ofits color, scented and very late. Doz., 30c; per 100, $2.00; per 1000, $17.00. Doz., 50c; per 100, $3.50; per 1000, $30.00. WHITE QUEEN. (22ins.) Pale blush, changing with | FAIRY QUEEN. (22ins.) Rosy-heliotrope, blending age to almost pure white. An exquisite and indis- to rosy-lavender, with yellow margin. Inside pensable flower. purplish mauve and yellow. Doz., 45c; per 100, $2.60; per 1000, $23.00. Doz., 50c; per 100, $3.25; per 1000, $27.00. REV. H. EWBANK. (20 ins.) Deep lilac, toning to pale | GLARE OF THE GARDEN. (18 ins.) Glowing crim- lavender. Lasts splendidly; a collection is incom- son scarlet, dazzling in sunlight; best late tulip of plete without it. its color. Doz., 65c; per 100, $4.50; per 1000, $40.00. Doz. 50c,; per 100, $3.00; per 1000, $27.00. COLUMBUS (Gala Beauty). (18ins.) Golden yellow, ZULU. (23 ins.) Violet black, reflecting a glistening violet feathered and splashed with crimson stripes. A sheen. Effective when contrasted with lighter shades. striking combination of colors. Sweetscented. Doz., 90c; per 100, $6.00; per 1000, $55.00. Doz., $1.70; per 100, $13.00; per 1000. $110.00. Above prices do not include pre-payment) (Above prices do not include pre-payment) No. 1.—Special Prepaid Offer for the above Six| No. 2.— Prepaid Offer for the above Six 12 of each (72 bulbs) all named for $3.25. 12 of each (72 bulbs) all named for $4.75. No. 3—The Two Collections Prepaid for $7.50 Free Catalog with each order. A The above offers are suozect to suse arrival of bulbs from abroad Write for Complete Autumn Catalog, (56 pages); mailed free everywhere. There are many beautiful bulbs and plants, which can only be planted successfully in the fall, that are often. overlooked by those who do not realize the importance of Autumn-planting. Our Catalog isa complete and help> ful guide for this important season. Write today. (Mention Garden Magazine.) 43 Barclay Street WAUGHAN’S SEED STORE a 31-33 W. Randolph St. CHICAGO Morris Nurseries Hardy Guaranteed Trees and Plants We guarantee our trees to make the growth the planter has the right to expect. This means: You plant our trees properly, give them due care and attention, and then if any of them fail to grow as you have reason to expect, we will replace them without charge. You are the judge of what you should expect. “Inside Facts of Profitable Fruit Growing’’ and ‘‘How to Beautify Your Home Grounds’’ sent prepaid for 10 cents each. WILLIAM P. STARK NURSERIES Box 498, Stark Cty Mo, Now is the time for fall plant- ing. Send your order promptly, and plant so roots will get set and trees be ready for an early start in the spring. Our latest catalog shows evergreens in large variety, hedge plants, shrubs, climbers, roses, shade trees and the best of everything in large and small fruits. A fine book, full of helpful sug- gestions. Write for it to-day and don’t delay sending order. THE MORRIS NURSERY CO. Box 804 West Chester, Pa. Low to Boanttfiy Fone Hioreo Coen ge Dy WaPsia SekCon The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Nursery Stock, etc. et eae See OcTOBER, Moon’s Nurseries HERE must be a _ place on your lawn for Lilacs. MOON’S Lilacs are not com- mon Lilacs—they are varied in form and color. They include recent productions of famous hybridizers and old familiar sortsthataremost dependable. No modern lawn is complete without Lilacs. You need them as individual specimens; in the shrubbery horde in the foliage screen that hides ugly views— they are valuable in nearly every kind of permanent planting. In addition to these indispensable attributes they add a crowning virtue of fragrant blossoms in May—blossoms that are quite as useful for cutting for bouquets as for beautifying the lawn. Autumn is the best time to plant Lilacs. Write us about these and the other hardy trees and plants we offer for every place and pur- pose. Send for Catalogue A-3. The Wm. H. Moon Co. NURSERYMEN Morrisville, Pennsylvania Philadelphia Office 21S. Twelfth Street The Moon Nursery Corp. White Plains, N.Y. Oinime a =i) Panna ae ie) eral With a selection from the choice varieties listed in my Hardy Plant booklet, you can have flowers from spring until frost. This fall is the time to set Iris and Phlox, for, if you do so, they will bloom next year. If you cannot come in person to select your plants, send your name and ad- dress for a copy of the booklet. Adolf Miiller xoRstries Norristown,Penna. 1917 OctoBeER, 1917 We class the following among the most meritorious of our recent acquisitions: New and rare plants of unusual charac- ter have always found a hearty welcome in this nursery. Because of the exact- ing requirements of our vigorous climate, only the sturdiest survive. Those that prove adaptable here, thrive most any- where. Lonicera Maacki podocarpa. This noble upright growing form of Honeysuckle was first brought to The Garden Magazine Reader’s at- tention through the Wilson articles. It attains a height of from ten to fifteen feet, with a spread of equal dimensions. The tips of the highly or- namental foliage are of a curious shade of light bronze. Adorned by groups of scarlet berries late in the season. Well-grown plants $1.00 each. Berberis Wilsonae. A most charming form of the newer Barberries, introduced by Mr. Wil- son from the Chino-Thibetan border. Has gracefully pendulant, twiggy branches, the gray green leaves of which assume beautiful tints in the fall. Yellow flowers are succeeded by loads of round brilliant salmon colored berries. Well- grown plants $1.00 each. Malus Sargentii. One of the handsomest of all the Flowering Crabs, of dwarf habit. Flowers pure white in immense numbers succeed- ed by a brilliant display of fruits. One of the most beautiful shrubs in cultivation. Strong plants $1.00 each. We also offer amost excellent lot of Rigida, Scotch and Austrian Pines in different sizes at fair prices. An inquiry will bring full particulars concerning any or all of above plants. Digging and packing done with greatest care Prompt shipments guarantee early and safe arrival Unusual Catalogue of Unusual Plants For the Asking A copy of our Catalogue is ready for every reader of Garden Magazine. May we mail you yours? MOUNT DESERT NURSERIES Bar Harbor Maine “HOW TO GROW ROSES’’—Library Edition; 121 pages—16 in natural colors. Not a catalogue. Price $1, refunded on $5 order for plants. The Conard & Jones Co., Box 24, West Grove, Pa. MR. ROBERT PYLE—the well-known Garden Lecturer and Rosarian invites correspondence from garden lovers and societies. Subject — “The American Rose Garden” illustrated with finely colored lantern slides. Address: West Grove, Pa. Plant Evergreens Now = DONT wait till next NJ -~ Spring. This is the { ideal time. Good full rooted, plump top- ped trees cost so little more than poor ones, why not have them. Send for evergreen Help Hint Booklet. ulius Roehrs Co At The Sién of The Tree Box 10, utherford N.J. Siam alta Timely Topics October-made Gardens and practical suggestions what kinds to make Is fall planting of gardens practical? garden must be made this month or not at all until next fall. spring, will lose their vitality and blooming power. Decidedly! And, what is more important, some kinds of . Most bulbs, kept out of the ground until For this reason, bulb gardens must be made now. The suggestion to plant flower and vegetable gardens this fall is a rather radical departure. Yet, the idea is thoroughly practical. is gained in the spring when all work is rushing. Bulb Gardens for Outside and Indoors The question of getting Hyacinths, Tulips, etc., from Holland this fall is getting more compli- cated every day. At this writing the outlook is very uncertain. As a matter of protecting yourself, let us urge you to write us at once, stating your needs. If the bulbs come, those who ordered first will be served first. Complete Catalog of our own importations sent on request. NATURALIZED DAFFODILS Daffodils or Narcissi are among the most charming flowers for outdoor gardens. Plant them in irregular clumps among your shrubbery or in pairs, in the house. Daffodils, Six Select Sorts, extra fine bulbs. Six bulbs each, six varieties, 36 bulbs in all, $1.50 postpaid. Roman Hyacinths are ready for shipping right now! They came from France and are the earliest to bloom. The loosely disposed flower trusses are exceedingly fragrant. They are grown mostly in soil, 5 to 6 bulbs to a six inch pot or pan. Planted at once they will bloom around Christmas. White, $1.25 per doz., $8.00 per 100. Narcissus, Giant Paper White, are another French con- tribution to our indoor , winter gardens. Generally grown from 6 to 8 in a shallow glass dish, with bulbs placed among pebbles. They bloom for anybody. Large Bulbs, sc. each; 5oc. per dozen; $2.75 for 100. Jumbo Bulbs, toc. each; 75c. per dozen; $3.50 per 100. Sweet Peas to Sow NOW For Extra Early Flowers The article on page 47, September Garden Magazine should prove to home gardeners that the advent of special strains of Sweet Peas is revolutionizing the culture of that flower. Pre- pare right now to surprise your neighbors. By planting any of the following sorts this month, you can gather flowers 4 weeks before spring planted Sweet Peas bloom. Shipp dlls Best of all, by making gardens this fall, valuable time Sow these early, large-flowering Spencer Hybrid Sweet Peas this Fall: Early Snowflake, best early white Early Songbird, lovely pink, tinted salmon Early Melody, a rose pink, very free flowering Early Spring Maid, light pink on creamy ground Early Heather Bell, beautiful mauve lavender Any of the above 20c. per packet of 25 seeds. In addition, 7 distinct and beautiful Australian varie- ties are described in our special fall catalogue. Please ask for it. Roots to Plant Now, for Food A small investment in roots, a few boxes with soil or sand, a few hours’ work and you may gather delicious winter salads right from your own cellar. Witloof Chicory or French Endive has made remarkable progress in popular favor in re- cent years. The roots are “forced’’ to yield delicate sprouts as shown alongside. A delicious salad. Extra-selected § roots, 10c. each; $1.00 per doz.; $7.00 per hundred. Directions how to force them in our free catalogue. Sea Kale is another unusual winter vegetable of exceptional quality. The sprouts, grown like chicory, are cooked and served with drawn butter. Ex- tra-selected Forcing Roots at same prices as Witloof Chicory. Asparagus Roots for forcing, best white or green sort, $1.50 per dozen; $10.00 per 100. Rhubarb Roots, extra fine clumps of Giant Crimson Winter, 25c. each; $2.50 per dozen. Vegetable Seeds Suitable for Fall Sowing Whether you plan to plant a vegetable garden outdoors or under glass, you will find us in a position to supply you just the sorts needed for different purposes. Here are a few of our special strains. Carrot, Early French Forc- ing, pkt. 15c.; oz. 30c. Lettuce, May King, best early head, pkt. 5c.; oz. 20c. Peas, Prolific Early Market, 14 pt. 20c.; pi. 30c. Radish, French Breakfast, pkt. 5c.; oz. 10c. Spinach, New York Market, pkt. 10c.; oz. 20c. See catalogue for complete lists. Stumpp & Walter Service in Seeds, Bulbs and Plants is Complete Our establishment stands for much more than selling plants, bulbs and seeds at popular prices. What the things we sell will do for you, interests us quite as much as your original order. In order that our business may live and grow, our seeds and bulbs must do well for you! Back of everything we send out stands the cum- ulative experience of men who have been seedsmen all their lives! You are assured of intelligent and conscien- tious service every time you send an order to 30-32 Barclay Street New York Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in wriling—and we will, too 76 THE GARDEN Sees OctosBerR, 1917 Before Pruning Get This Book Here is an interesting “‘link-up”’ cipcted with Bay State SEES Note how the house seems to “‘blend”’ into the grounds Bay State Shrubs «be Will “Link Up” conesempactatrnnas’ YOU House With Your Grounds aE Plant Them This Fall strong root-growth means strong well-formed top-growth. DS your house look as if it really belonged to your grounds? Or has it a certain “detached” aspect to it? If the latter is the case, the chances are that what is lacking is a “‘link-up”—something to “tie it to” your grounds, as it were. Bay State Shrubs will do that very thing. Planted about your foundations, their own gracefulness will soften its lines and do —— —! —— —— —— = — = = —— — — —— — — — — — =— — — — — — —= —— — —— — —— —! —) — —— — — — — — —— ——— — ——— — — — —! — =—= — — —_ — = — — = —=— — = — — — — — — — — — ——! = — —— — — — — — — —— — — —— —— — —— = — = — —, — — —— — — —_— —— — — — — —_ = — —— = — =! —— — — — —_ —= — — — — — — a — — —T It is a practical guide to right pruning. “The Little Pruning Book”’ will tell you how, when and where to prune your trees and shrubs for vigorous and_ healthy growth. It contains eleven chapters of sound pruning and pruning shear advice. Clipping is work at best but nothing comes nearer making a pleasure of it than Pexto Pruning Shears. Youll find them at your dealers. Look for the Pexto Tool Displays when you want tools of any kind. Send to-day for our free circular, or better still send 50 cents for a copy of the book. Your money will be refunded if it is not satisfactory. The Peck, Stow & Wilcox Co. MERS. Mechanics’ Hand Tools, Tinsmiths’ © and Sheet Metal Workers’ Tools and Ma- chines, Builders’ and General Hardware. Southington, Conn. “= Cleveland Ohio : : Address correspondence to 2186 W. 3rd St., Cleveland, O away with all evidences of an obvious boundary where ‘grounds leave off and house begins.” The effect will be one of pleasing consistency and perfect “‘one-ness.”’ Be it shrubs, shade trees, evergreens or what-not, you can depend on the Bay State stock you plant. Because every plant must stand the rigorous test imposed by our long, hard, New England Winters, before we sell it, Bay State stock has well merited its pop uc ioe for thriving where other stocks fail. Give your stock a valuable head start by planting it this ja all. Send now for our Handbook of Information. PRUNING SHEARS The Readers’ Service gives Infor- mation about Gardening Now for 1918! Now that the crops are gathered, it’s time to take stock and prepare _ for an even better garden next year. TRON AGE ves" will make your work a lot easier and enable you to accomplish more in less time. 38 combinations. Write to-day for free booklet. BATEMAN WF’G CO. Box 35C Grenloch, N. J. 672 Adams Street North Abington, Mass. . HAVANA ANAT T ATTA iM 2) STAG ii tttiiiiiiKittis Why are You | Going Away? Because you wish to find peace and rest from the troubles and anxieties of the present moment? Where can you find more peace of mind and comfort of soul than in your own garden? Now is the time to plant things which next year will transform the home grounds into a wonderland of new delights from which you will be loath to go away. Few factors hold greater surprises than the unusual among the hardy plants. We grow many by the thousands of some we have but a few. A Helpful Catalogue awaits your call. In its own modest way, it will acquaint you with our hardy plant specialties, many of which are not obtainable elsewhere in this country. Please write now! WOLCOTT NURSERIES Jackson, Mich. | TOWNSEND’S TRIPLEX The Greatest Grass Cutter on Earth —Cuts a Swath 86 Inches Wide Drawn by one horse and operated by one man, the TRIPLEX MOWER will mow more lawn in a day than the best motor mower ever made, cut it better and at a fraction of the cost. Drawn by one horse and operated by one man, it will mow more lawn than any three ordinary horse-drawn mowers with three horses and three men. ] Send for catalogue illustrating all types of TOWNSEND MOWERS S. P. TOWNSEND & CO. Orange, N. J. 23 Central Ave. The Readers’ Service is prepared to help you solve your gardening problems OcTOBER, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE a a= On GHRDEX MAGAZINE OCTOBER /917 FB 8X04) > Set C VT CONTENTS | Cover DrsicN—TuHE HARVEST Is GATHERED J.P. Verrees PAGE Amonc Our GARDEN NEIGHBORS - - - - - 79 Regarding ‘“‘Peonies That Fit’—Habenarias This Season—A Battlefield _of a Year Ago—European Grapes for America—Two Fruiting Shrubs for the Home Garden—A New Method of Wintering Celery —Beans on Strings—Fall Sown Sweet Peas—Leaders of the Societies. THe Montu’s REMINDER- - - - - - - - KEEPING IT WHEN You’vE Got It* PF. F. Rockwel Photographs by W. C. McCollom Maxine Next YEAR’S GARDEN Sort BETTER H. F. Button UsInc FRUITS AND VEGETABLES WISELY* - - Illustrations by the United States Department of Agriculture “Boc” GARDENING WITH NATIVE PLANTS Norman Taylor Photographs by the author and the Brooklyn Bo- tanic Garden ONE SuccessFrut ‘War GARDEN” EFFORT Photographs by W. C. McCollom THE Patriotic GARDEN - - - - - - - Message from The Food Administration—Gardens Add_ $100,000,000 to Nation’s Wealth—Present Sowing for Extra Early Crops—Orders of the Day Photographs by Nathan R. Graves and W. C. McCollom Foop FRoM THE GREENHOUSE THIS WINTER W.N.Craig 97 Photographs by W. C. McCollom Hicu PRESSURE VEGETABLE GARDENING R. E. Allen 100 Society Norrs anD NEWS - - = - - - - 102 Somer Butsps ASSURED - - - - - - = - - I04 VEGETABLES PLANTED IN AUTUMN Samuel H. Garekol 106 For THE SoutH - - - - - J.M. Patterson 110 *These articles have received the approval of the Food Adminis- tration of the United States. Why Not Bind Your Magazines? Bound volumes of The Garden Magazine give you an up-to-date Cyclopedia of Horticulture. Six numbers to the volume. Index supplied Free. The cost is only $1.25, when you send back your loose coptes. LEONARD BARRON, Eprror Published Monthly, 25c. a copy. Subscription, Two Dollars a Year. For Canada, $2.35; Foreign Countries, $2.65. COPYRIGHT, 1917, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY GARDEN CITY, N. Y. F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President s. A. EVERITT, Treasurer HERBERT S. HOUSTON i RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY, Vice-Presidents Secretary Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 oy age e he gt fg a Sees D Ade < oy a CA we The workroom and adjoining single house were erected for Oliver Iselin, at Glen Head, L. I. Later the large house with its connecting passage was added GREENHOUSES Planning with an Eye to the Future O DELIGHTFUL, so altogether satisfactory are the pleasures of greenhouse possessing, that invariably the man who starts with a one compartment house, 33 feet long, soon wants one with two. The two compartment owner finds himself looking with pleasure towards one of four or more. So strongly established is this phase of greenhouse owning, that we long ago adopted the method of always planning for possible future additions, when laying out and locating one of our houses. In doing this, much needless expense has been saved for our customers. Such was the case with the one above. Workroom number one and greenhouse compartments two and three, as shown on the plan below, were first erected. Then the connecting passage, four, and greenhouse five were added later. We have photos of the first portion which we would be glad to send you, to compare it with the present completed layout. When you are ready to consider building, let us offer you the advantage of our layout and construction experts. Their services carry no fees or obligations on your part. One of them will gladly arrange to call at such time and place as you may suggest. To our catalogue, you are of course welcome. Complete plan of the Oliver Iselin houses shown above General Offices and Factory—Elizabeth, N. J. NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA 1170 Broadway 49 Federal Street 40 So. 15th Street Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing — and we will, too 78 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Ocroser, 1917 _. Farr’s Superb Lilacs ie For Fall Planting [oot = spn is springtime at its best. One can scarcely conceive of a spring garden without Lilacs; every bush a mass of glorious colors, and filling the air with delicate fragrance. Seemingly perfect, as were the old purple and white sorts, the master hybridizer, Victor Lemoine, touched them with his magic hand, and lo, from them a multitude of glorified forms and new colors appeared, with individual flowers and trusses more than doubled in size; with varieties early and varieties late, thus considerably lengthening the blooming season. Ellen Willmott, with pointed trusses a foot in length and snow-white | +. flowers nearly an inch in diameter; Madam Buchner, white, flushed with soft | pee rose; Belle de Nancy, soft lilac pink; the splendid early flowered giant, Leon | Gambetta, with semi-double flowers almost as large and as perfectly formed ee | as tuberoses; Waldeck-Rosseau, great trusses of dark violet. These are | at but a few examples of the more than 100 new varieties that I grow on their | patagueze own roots at Wyomissing. All these new Lilacs are unusually free bloomers— far surpassing the old sorts. If you wish these rich blooms in your garden next spring, the plants must be set this fall. Let me suggest that you plant some of Lemoine’s new Deutzias and Philadelphus in eae dor may Lalsesniange tron addition to the Lilacs. If you had room for el eatcashile Readereloni Garden Mage only one of each of these by all means try azine may obtain a collection of choice P. virginal and D. crenata magnifica—they sorts of my own personal selection of . inti t different varieties of Lemoine’s Lilacs, will be a revelation to you. 12 plants for $10; 6 plantsfor $53 Farr’s Hardy Plant Specialties ; Wiithien order for 12 plana yew rey, oe See 2 nave without charge a plant of eit (Sixth Edition, 1917-1918) describes Lem- paladeloniielceh Dents lessens oine’s Lilacs, Deutzias, Philadelphus, Japan- cate your choice on the order. ese and German Iris, more than 500 varieties of Peonies, Evergreens, and Rock-Plants. 112 Bis. pages of text, 30 full page illustrations (13 in color). A book of distinct value to garden lovers. Jf you do not have a copy of this Sixth Edition, send for one to-day. BER TRAND H. FARR—Wyomissing Nurseries Co. 104 Garfield Avenue Wyomissing, Penna. The Readers’ Service gives Information about Greenhouses and Sash Saves Twenty Thousand al in over thirty distinct and meritorious kinds are grow- ing in our nursery. All are as hardy as oaks, as sturdy and rugged as weed and they simply cannot help blooming in your garden next Spring and Sum- mer if transplanted this Fall. Try these 7 Leaders for $1.00 postpaid: Athis, salmon with violet eye Elizabeth Campbell, best pink Jules Cambon, rose, white eye Sieboldie, an improved Cocquelicot Frau Anton Buchner, finest white Eiffel Tower, flesh pink, red eye Rosenberg, purplish red 20 Guaranteed to Bloom ] Hardy Perennials Because my stock of both popular perennials, as well as rarer kinds, is one of the largest in the country, and to win them more friends I will supply 20 dis- tinct kinds of merit, my selection, for One Dollar, postpaid. Order them NOW. Unusual Peonies For Immediate Planting While it is not safe to make promises with plants, yet, under favorable conditions, the strong 3 to 5 eye roots which I supply are very apt to produce blooming plants next Spring, if set out this Fall. I renew my offer of last month to send Six Leaders, One Strong Root of Each for $3.00, by Express. American Plants for American Gardens The present great difficulty experienced in getting bulbs and plants from abroad is responsible for the constantly increasing sentiment in favor of our own hardy plants. My catalogue describes them all and offers them at attractive prices for choicest quality. Write for the free book to-day. Ralph E. Huntington, Painesville, Ohio aN cE i HOS: ORGEOUS in coloring, of excellent dimensions and growth, adding wonderfully to 2 - the beauty of the spring landscape will bethe blooms that result from the planting of Thorburn’s Bulbs. Send for our bulb catalogue at once soastoplant your bulbs at the Ideal Bulb Planter ' 2<*2<*=: | - ewnmuitiviand Transplanting Tool: KI NC : 9@ Old Fashioned = Hardy Flowers Plant this fall for wealth of bloom next summer, and enjoy the beauties of Columbine, Foxgloves, Larkspurs, Phlox, and hundreds of others. Delphinium Hardy Warkspur Bsehaue The freest and most continuous blooming of all, never without flowers from June until heavy frost cuts it down. Color clear turquoise-blue, it is not equalled for delicacy by any other flower. Strong plants $2.50 per doz.; $18.00 per 100. Large stock of this wonderful hardy plant. ORDER NOW. Beautifully Illustrated Booklet describing 200 of the best of these hardy old-fashioned flowers, is free if you mention this magazine. W.E. KING, Hardy Plant Specialist, Long Branch,N. J. EE makes planting of all bulbs easy. Opens holes from smallest to four inches in diameter, in all soils. Ash handle, steel point, iron foot bracket—made to serve alifetime. $1.75 each, postpaid. Forcers to ‘‘Beat’’ Jack Frost “Gro-Quik”’ Forcers will do both, hasten maturity and keep off frost. Easily put up, quickly shifted; many styles and'‘sizes, all prices. Sample Single Wire Forcer, 15c. © of All Kinds Sprinklers for Every Need We are sole agents for eastern ‘districts for Skinner Irrigation Co. Many types of sprinklers at various prices {for different |sizes. Descriptive folder of all our specialties free on request. The Cloche Co., 131 Hudson St., N. Y. proper time. Or, send a $1 bill with your request for our catalogue and we shall send you a splendid assortment of our choicest bulbs. Write to-day. J. M. THORBURN & CO. 53B Barclay St. “Through to 54 Park Place NEW YORK CITY I TE Oc The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Nursery Stock, etc. | son Ph LOX @ snc it il 5) The Garden Magazine _ VOLUME XXVI &. Regarding “ Peonies That Fit,”? in the Sep- tember issue of THE Garpen Macazine, I agree with A. P. S.astothe first, Solfatare. But for a red, strongly urge Eugene Bigot in pre- ference to any mentioned. 4 do not think Adolph Rosseau as fine a color as Eugene Bigot and neither has it the fullness of bloom. For the third I suggest Madame Calot; or better yet, add a dollar to the price and try Marie Crousse and you will always thank the writer for a dollar well spent.—/WV. McClelland, Saginaw, Mich. Habenarias This Season.—There has been a wonderful display of Habenaria here this season. I have found psycodes, fim- brata, rotundifolia, blephariglottis, ciliaris, and all the greenish ones, but Hookeri. My most remarkable discovery was a cluster of some fifty plants of ciliaris and blephari- glottis, growing together in a high mountain bog (sphagnum) and among them several undoubted hybrids. I am enclosing individ- ual blossoms from two of these hybrids, in the hope that they will keep their dainty coloring until you see them. All the Habenarias do well under cultivation, provided they are sup- plied with sphagnum, or leaf mold and sufh- cient, moisture. There are few garden flowers that surpass thei in beauty.—Herbert Durand, Ulster Co., New York. A Battlefield of a Year Ago.—The fol- lowing is a letter from a British gardener- soldier at the front to the English Garden: “T have just traveled up the line again for the second time. Iam not so very far away from the spot where I was last time, but the change that has happened since [ left the line toward the end of last year has impressed me very much. I have crossed the old battlefield of a year ago—the ground that we were fighting for so hard—and it is unrecognizable from what it was as I saw it last. Nature has exerted her very utmost to cover up all the terrible havoc that has been done, and it is now a most beautiful garden. It is absolutely covered with flowers as far as the eye can reach, and the effect is most pleasing. The banks of the old trenches are covered with white Dog Daisies, and the vivid red of great patches of Poppies has a splendid effect. There are thousands of beautiful mauve Sweet Scabious and pink and mauve double Poppies. The loveliest flower to be seen, however, is the OCTOBER, 1917 NuMBER 3 ye 4 Cornflower. It is such a rich, intense blue; there are whole fields of it, and the sight is most glorious. There are some tall yellow flowers, very much like Mustard, and the reddish brown seed of the Dock plant adds to the effect. Here and there are large pools of water, caused by the shell holes. ‘The trees, too, that were blown to bits have thrown out shoots to cover up the ugly stumps. ‘The un- level nature of the ground adds a great deal to the beauty of the scene; truly a most lovely wild garden. Last year it was a_ horrible inferno: this year a veritable paradise. It 1-buy it with thought _ 2-cook it with care 3-serve just enough 4-Save what will keep 5-eat what would spoil 6-home-grown is best dont waste it. The ‘‘Neighbors’”’ stand in positions of national responsi- bility at this time. They are both producers and con- sumers. (Reproduction of poster by the U. S. Food Ad- ministration.) proves what the Great Gardener can do.— 23004, Private A. Speck, British Expeditionary Force.” European Grapes for America.—That many splendid varieties of the European grape may be grown in the open air in the grape regions of New York is the experience of the State Experiment Station. Protection 79 against winter injury is easily secured. The superb quality, length of keeping after picking and usefulness for many purposes commend many of these. American grape varieties, though less susceptible to winter injury than the European species, occasionally suffer severely. In Bulletin 433 of the Station, observations made at Fredonia and other places in the Chautauqua Grape Belt during three years of crop shortage from winter in- jury are discussed. Lack of maturity of the wood of the vines is given as the most common cause of severe in- jury; and attention to drainage, discontinuance of summer cultivation as weather conditions indicate, the judicious use of cover crops and avoidance of slow-acting forms of nitrogen, are some of the methods advocated for lessening winter injury. I Have Read Mr. Rockwell’s article in the GarpveN Macazine for August with a great deal of pleasure and profit. ‘This sort of article is of great service in furthering the food con- servation campaign. You will be interested to know that this Commission, having inspired the planting of some two million more food gar- dens this year than ever before, has for some time been energetically campaigning for the canning and drying of the surplus production of the summer for winter use and we now esti- mate that this year individuals and canning clubs will put up some 460,000,000 cans of vegetables and fruits, an amount very greatly in excess of what has ever been previously canned in any one year.—P. S. Ridsdale, Secretary National Emergency Food Garden Commission. Two Fruiting Shrubs for the Home Garden. —There is a great need for fruit-bearing shrubs for the small home garden, shrubs long lived and free-fruiting as currants, occupying as little room. Here are two worth trying in northern gardens. The Chinese Bush Cherry (Prunus tomen- tosa) is nota new plant as seed were planted in the Arnold Arboretum more than 30 years ago. It is now offered by several nurserymen and the Bureau of Plant Introductions of the De- partment of Agriculture. According to Bai- ley’s Cyclopedia, it is a small tree planted solely for ornament, and it truly is ornamental, a bush about 6 feet high and as wide, smoth- ered in late April with a cloud of small pink THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OctToBeEeR, 1917 New Chinese Bush Cherry (Prunus tomentosa) having pink flowers in April. Grows six feet high and white cherry blossoms, as pink as a For- sythia is yellow, and in bloom at the same time. No pink flowering shrub at this season of the year is as showy, except the Spring Cherry (Prunus subhirtella) whose fruit is not of value. In early July the cherries are ripe, red, tart, and twice the size of peas, thickly on every twig. The skin is finely hairy, an unusual character for a cherry. The flavor is very like: the Sour Cherry, yet as a market crop these little fruits will find little favor, but for home use they are excellent, fresh or cooked. They ripen carly, and the bushy habit fits the plants to small gardens where the usual fruiting trees are too large. As to hardi- ness—the plant is native to Manchuria, and already is planted for its fruits in the Dakotas. Mulberries are considered a choice fruit by children, and in the old days were frequently cooked. Asa child my objection to them was that they made trees too big to climb safely, that the birds got about all the fruit, and only what fell from the tree to the dirt were mine to eat. A new Mulberry from Western China, Morus acidosa, is decidedly a bush, a strag- gling shrub some six feet high, with lobed leaves, large and small, as all mulberries have. The berries are not large, black, very numer- ous, and very tasty on a hot day in early July. If the children like mulberries beg the nursery- man to put this plant on the market. It was collected for the Arnold Arboretum in North China by Mr. E. H. Wilson in 1908.—S. F. H. A New Method of Wintering Celery.— There is a method which greatly simplifies the storage of celery. It has been tested through many years’ experience and has proven itself entirely effective. The most extraordinary feature about it is that it is practically un- known. Select several water-tight kegs. Those which are used to hold salt fish answer very well. Of course, they should be thoroughly cleansed before being put to their second use. These kegs should have close-fitting tops. The best that the writer has used were tops of cheese boxes. Before the ground freezes the celery is lifted from the rows and packed very carefully in a standing position in the kegs. All this part of the work may be done in the garden. The soil is shaken from the roots of the plant and the plants themselves packed very close together in the kegs with their roots resting on the bottom. After the plants have been thus taken from the ground and packed, the kegs should be removed to a cool part of the cellar where they are to remain through the winter. Before covering the kegs, it is necessary to put about two or three inches of water in the bottom of each. This must be done with great care, for the celery must not be wetted. Use a tube to introduce the water. It will be found necessary to renew the water about every three weeks. Celery thus stored will be perfectly whit- ened by the process. It will retain all its fine nutty flavor and is indeed as desirable a winter vegetable as can be wished. It is possible to store about a hundred plants in an ordinary keg.—Archibald Rutledge, Penna. Beans on Strings.—Having found it hard to get poles for my lima beans, I tried the bush- limas, but, although much improved, their yield to the square foot of ground is con- siderably lesst han that of the pole limas. I therefore worked out a plan to grow them on strings, which I have done now for three years with good results, perfecting the details a little each year. The photograph shows my “‘beanery”’ just as the beans were reaching the end of their string, in the first part of July. It indicates plainly how the framework is put to- gether. After the ground is dug and before the beans are planted, two strong posts, eight feet above the ground (and about two feet below), are put in thirty feet apart. A wire is run from top to top, and down to pegs at both ends, so as to make it very taut. Next, short stakes are driven in, ten feet apart, in two lines, two feet each side of the line of the tall poles, and wires are run along them about six inches above the ground. The intermediate stakes are necessary to keep the wires taut. Now, so as to get the fullest return from each yard of land, I set out two rows of lettuce plants on the bed between the wires, and wait for warm weather to come. Usually in the third week of May I put in my beans in a row under each of the lower wires. After the plants are up they are, “if ‘necessary, thinned to stand about five inches apart; and while my lettuce is developing nicely, I get my step- ladder out and tie cotton strings from one lower wire across the upper wire and down to the other lower one about 15 inches apart, which gives me three plants to each string. The beans rapidly run up the strings, and the shade they give is beneficial to the lettuce, which is now nearing maturity. In the pic- ture, the lettuce has already been cropped off in one row—a head of Romaine is visible just to the right of the little gardener. Lettuce is the right crop to use here, because being a leaf producing plant, it takes an excess of nitrogen from the soil, while beans (a leguminous) require less nitrogen than other plants. After the beans reach the top, I have to tighten the strings, as they will stretch, no matter how tight they were at first. In view of this, I just throw them across the upper wire without tying when first putting them on and then put a loop in them and around the wire when tightening them afterward. If this is not done, the string will sag, and finally al- most touch, and although the swinging on a breezy day does not seem to do the beans any harm, it makes it hard for a person to get in- side the “‘beanery” to cultivate the ground. I have grown lots of lima and other beans this way, and the only expense is a ten cent ball of heavy cotton string each year, whereas the two posts and the wire can be used again from one year to another almost indefinitely, especially if they are taken up and stored away in the fall. The string is best burnt up with eee E. VanGelder, Westfield, Fall Sown Sweet Peas.—I am pretty busy but I must take time to tell it. The receipt of the September issue of the magazine calls it to mind. Last November, within two or three days of Thanksgiving, I planted two rows of Sweet Peas. I followed in the most careful - manner the instructions given in your paper by the President of the Sweet Pea Society, using seed obtained from one of the most reliable houses in the country. The first pea is yet to putin anappearance. I am no novice, having been brought up on a farm and have grown vegetables and flowers the greater part of my life. Have grown Sweet Peas, but not from fall planting. Therefore, the cause of failure cannot be lack of knowledge of the principles of planting. Should I try again?— J. W. Ginder, Washington. —With a few exceptions, there is always degree of uncertainty accompanying fall sowing of any seed in the open, success or failure depending almost entirely on the weather. During the past ten years we have been in the habit of making extensive fall sowings of Sweet Peas, sowing about the middle of November. Such sowings have as a rule been most successful until last year, when the early winter was so mild that the seed rotted in the soil, and we had to resow in the early spring. What I aim at is to sow so late ‘in the fall that the seed may either just germi- nate previous to freezing weather, or lie dor- mant in the soil until early spring. When we are favored with a good old-fashioned winter, the ground frozen hard from Christmas until March, our fall sown Sweet Peas are safe, and give results immeasurably superior to those from spring sowing. However, the ideal meth- od whereby all risk of failure is avoided, is to sow during October, using the special Here’s a practical bean support made from string OcTOBER, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZ ZINE 81 Sweet Pea frame, full particulars of which are contained in my article appearing in the September number of the GARDEN Macazine. —George W. Kerr, Doylestown, Pa. Leaders of the Societies.—The accom- panying portraits represent four leaders in four of the prominent national societies that are fostering and promoting our horticultural interests. At the summer convention of the Society of American Florists, held at New York in August, the presidency for 1918 was conferred on Mr. C. H. Totty, of Madison, N. J., whose service as the introducer of nov- elties (new Roses and Chrysanthemums es- pecially) makes his name quite familiar to our readers. Mr. Totty has also rendered yeoman service as chairman of the Board of Jurors of the National and the New York International Flower Shows. At the meeting of the American Gladiolus Society, also held at New York in August, Mr. Kunderd of Goshen, Ind., was chosen as the next year’s leader and the big exhibition will be in Cleve- land. Mr. Kunderd is an experienced grower and breeder, having originated the ruffled type of flower among others. Dahlia lovers who have visited the National Society’s shows in September in the last few years will recognize . A. E. Kunderd, Pres.-elect, American Gladiolus Society in Mr. Richard Vincent, Jr., of White Marsh, Md., the genial president and founder of that He isa grower of florist’s live organization. Richard Vincent, Jr., President, American Dahlia Society plants on an enormous scale. The last por- trait is that of Mr. Benjamin Hammond, of Beacon, N. Y., very well known as a manu~ facturer of insecticides, etc. He is now presi- dent of the American Rose Society and for sev- eral years past its secretary, during whose in- cumbency the membership has been increased very greatly. Gardening From the Outside.——Here’s a street car newspaper’s contribution to the spud stuff. “A hint to the ladies: If you want potatoes from your garden do not pick the blossoms for a bouquet.” They say lots of society people have planted sweets, thinking they were “murphs’”—W. M., Detroit. Has No Rival.—I shall be obliged if you will have sent to me Index and Title page for Volumes XXIII, XXIV, and XXVY. I take this opportunity to express my appreciation of the GarDEN MacazineE which I consider has no rival in America and deserves a constantly increasing circulation. It is valuable both for the amateur and the professional, and person- ally I should miss very much not receiving it regularly.— Aubrey Tealdi, Landscape Gardener, Ann Arbor, Mich. Benjamin Hammond, President, American Rose Society THE MONTH'S REMINDER L PLANTING AND PREPARATION FOR WINTER CTOBER presents more opportuni- ties to increase the value and the permanent beauty of your place than any other month. Where time is limited, spring work must include so many routine planting jobs and fixing up that frequently there is little time left for special things. So much has been said of trees, shrubs, her- baceous perennials, etc., in the GARDEN Mac- AZINE (see last month’s, and previous years) on the advantages of fall planting that it is needless even to recapitulate here. There is one thing, however, that cannot be repeated too often, and the beginner particularly should pay particular heed to it. Do your fall planting early! The term “fall planting” may be mislead- ing. Some people consider fall to begin only with the advent of real cold, freezing weather. Now, while some things can be put in late (until the ground freezes), yet for the majority the safest rule is “the earlier the better,” as they need to become “established” before freezing weather. Give heed to the following considerations in doing your fall planting: 1. Get stock shipped in from the express office promptly and unpack immediately. 2. Check up with your order carefully and make prompt complaint of shortage, poor stock, or bad condition. 2 Keep all roots, shrubs, etc., away from wind and sun, and wrap with burlap or water to keep the roots moist until ready for planting. If several days’ delay is unavoidable, bury roots in soil in a shaded place—that is “‘heel in. 4. Make holes large enough to take the ball of roots easily, and enrich the soil with well rotted manure and bone meal. Plant in well drained positions. 5. Pack the soil firmly about the -roots, pressing down with the foot or a tamper, so that the tree or plant is in the soil almost as firmly as if it had been growing there. 6. Use water if the soil is dry, but not on top of the soil! Pour in water before planting, let it soak away and put in more when hole is half filled up. Leave an inch or two of loose soil on the surface after planting. 82 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OcrosBer, Winter-Flowering Bulbs ETAILS of planting in pots, bulb pans, flats and storing in the coldframe, cellar, or pit preliminary to starting the bulbs have already been described in detail in the GarpEN Macazine for September. [At this writing it is assured that a limited supply of Dutch bulbs will reach us for planting this fall. . There is, also, a small supply of domestic grown bulbs available but the total quantity will only just meet normal demands. ‘Therefore place orders at once.—ED.]. Are All New Plants Ready for Winter? ARE all the perennials and biennials (started for next year) in their winter quarters? Those started early enough for transplanting to permanent positions for flowering in the spring and early summer ought to be in place by this time and making good growth. Transplant to winter quarters, as soon as pos- sible, smaller plants to be ‘‘carried over” under mulching or in frames. Avoid any severe check by shading and giving plenty of moisture, so that they may become as sturdy as possible before growth stops. The mistake is made frequently of merely sticking in these things, and letting them go without further attention. A little liquid manure or nitrate of soda and frequent weeding or cultivation to keep the soil loosened up, and an occasional good watering, in absence of rain, will do just as much now to promote rapid growth as in the spring. Make Your Cuttings Before Frost THs is the time for making cuttings of soft wooded plants, such as Geranium, Helio- trope, Fuchsia, Verbena, etc. The new late sum- mer growth, which is beginning to “ripen up’’ is crisp and firm; and the temperature conditions are right to make the work of rooting the cut- tings easy. It is not necessary to havea greenhouse to root these things. An ordinary flat filled with clean, gritty sand and a layer of sphagnum moss in the bottom may be used as a “cutting-bed.”” Placed where it will get plenty of light without direct sunshine, and covered or closed in at night to keep the temperature at 40 degrees or so, the slip will give good strong rooted cuttings within the next four or five weeks. The little plants may then be potted up and carried along ina deep warm frame, or in the house or conservatory, and will make good strong plants for flowering next spring or setting out of doors in late April or May. Make the cuttings two to five inches long, removing the lower leaves and cutting the others back about a half. They may be placed in the sand about as close to- gether as they willstand and should be put into it about half their length. Keep the sand moist but not wet. Give a light sprinkling or spraying for the first few days to keep the plants from wilting but not enough to wet the sand, which should be kept rather dry until the cuttings have got over their tendency to wilt. Plenty of Plants for This Winter’s Bloom WHETHER you have a frame, a con- servatory, a greenhouse, or just a “flower-window”’ you can provide yourself with annuals for winter bloom by sowing the seed now in a frame or in a sheltered place. Use light soil, cover lightly, give one good sprinkling and then keep the soil covered with pieces of moist newspaper or a pane of glass— not quite air-tight—and in ten days to two weeks after sowing you should have an abun- dance of such things as Stock, Clarkia, Calen- dula, ete., coming on to give good plants for pots or window boxes. Why Not Eat Strawberries This Winter? je NOME opportunity, generally over- looked, is that of growing strawberries in the frame for an early crop. Very often frames are allowed to stand idle all winter. Take up good strong plants now and put in generous sized pots of rich soil, water them and keep them shaded for a few days. The pots for the present may be merely sunk in soil up to their rims to prevent their drying out rapidly. On the approach of cold weather put them into the frame where they can be given some protection with sash or shutters. It is not intended to keep the frost from reaching them, as they should have a resting or dor- mant period of at least several weeks before being fruited. If one has a greenhouse they can be brought in at any time during the winter. If not, they can be kept in the frames, and by starting them into growth under the sash in February or March will come in some weeks ahead of the crop in the garden. ‘ DO THIS MONTH Do plenty of fall planting—but get it done early! Put hardy perennials and bdiennials into winter quarters. Make soft-wooded cuttings for winter and spring plants. Take in “‘stock’’ plants of Geranium, Helio- trope, etc. Start annuals for indoor bloom. Provide strawberries for winter and spring fruiting. Get the under glass crops—lettuce, radishes, etc.— under way. Take care of the tender bulbs in good time. Get after the aphids in frames and indoors. Keep on sowing seed for next year’s crop of “humus.” ready materials for mulching next month. Get your bulbs planted for winter bloom indoors. 1. 72, 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 0. Get the Under-Glass Crop Under Way IF YOU have any glass on the place—and if you haven’t there 1s yet time to get some before freezing weather if you order at once— give attention now to the crops for fall and ‘winter. Have clean soil in the bed or benches in which lettuce, radishes, tomatoes, etc., are to be grown. It pays to put in fresh soil even at considerable trouble and expense. The old soil may be kept for potting up and using in flats for vegetables, etc., in the spring, or as compost for the garden. ‘The soil for all these things should be, of course, made very rich. If manure is used let it be very thoroughly rotted, and fine. Much more is used than would be applied on an equal amount of space outdoors. The vegetables grown under glass have but 25 to 50 per cent. as much room as they would have in the open and, therefore, the soil must be made proportionately richer. In addition, it is desirable to keep them grow- ing as rapidly as possible so that the same space can be used again. As soon as the various crops are well started, or within a week or so of setting out or transplanting, liquid manure or liquid nitrate of soda—a tablespoonful dis- solved in two or three gallons of water, applied with an ordinary sprinkler—will be very help- ful in giving both flowers and vegetables a strong start. 1917 TS Se Time to Retire the Tender Bulbs BKVERY year thousands of dollars’ worth ~ of tender bulbs of various kinds are lost by being left in the soil after they should have been taken in. Of those ordinarily grown, which will be injured or killed outright by the first severe freeze, there are tuberous Begonias, Caladiums, Callas, Tuberoses, Cannas, Dah- lias, Gladiolus, Tigridias, and others of similar character. Of these, the first four mentioned are particularly tender and should be taken indoors immediately after the first light frost, which will blacken the foliage. Lay them in some warm, sunny place to dry, and cure under a greenhouse bench for instance. The others may remain until the foliage has been killed down, when it may be cut off six inches or so above the ground and unless severe cold weather threatens the bulbs may be left two or three weeks longer. Take them up before the ground begins to freeze up at night, however. Get After the Indoor Aphis Early aX NOMaIES matter likely to be neglected in the rush of cleaning up the fall work out of doors is attention to plants in the greenhouse or started in the frames. Don’t let the aphis get a start! Vobacco dust or tobacco stems around the plants will help to keep them away but cannot be relied on al- together. Thoroughly fumigate or spray from time to time. The simplest, surest way is to spray or fumigate the plants regularly every ten days or so whether any aphis are to be seen or not, using one of the commercial prepara- tions of tobacco-extract such as Aphine, Black- leaf 40, etc. Keep on Planting Cover Crops REFERENCE was made last month to the advantage of sowing all the space in the garden as soon as available with rye, or better still, with rye and vetch together, to form a cover crop for the winter and a crop for plow- ing or spading under in the spring. Keep up this work until freezing weather. Sow the seed extra thick, work it in with a rake and if the soil is dry give a good watering to assure prompt germination. To get big crops you must keep your garden full of humus. Don’t begrudge the slight expense involved, even if rye is extra high-priced just now—so is fertili- zer, and so are vegetables. Your cover crop will save fertilizer and help you grow more vegetables. [Read the article on page 86—Eb.]. Get Mulching Material Ready FALL preparation for the winter by mulch- ing 1s one 6f the important factors in keeping a place in good condition. While it is too early as yet to apply the mulch it is not too early to begin gathering the material re- quired. The advantages of getting it now are several. You can put it under cover and have it dry and ready to use and immediately avail- able. Clean, dry leaves are good for many kinds of mulching. A convenient way of gathering and storing them is to get some old burlap or grain bags and stuff them full of leaves as fast as the latter accumulate on lawns and drives. Marsh hay is better for some purposes than the leaves, especially for mulching strawberries, as it “stays put” and does not decay or remain wet in the spring. If there is not room to keep this under cover, have it piled in a neat stack near the garden or where it will be wanted for use. If properly “capped” when it is put up, it will shed rain and remain dry enough to use whenever wanted. Root-vegetables in a trench ready for covering with hay. earth. Blankets or mats are used temporarily till real cold sets in Afterward mound up with Storing apples, potatoes, etc., in crates or barrels in a cellar is convenient. picked over from time to time if necessary They may be Keeping It When You’ve Got It F. &. rockwet STORAGE OF GARDEN PRODUCTS FOR THE WINTER WITH OR WITHOUT A CELLAR, INDOORS OR OUT OME clever paragrapher once said: “There are a thousand ways of making money, but only one way of having it—that is, to keep it” and the same may be said of the products of the garden. There are problems in the way of growing things, yet you will find a dozen gardeners who succeed in growing all, or more than, they can use where you will find one who saves every- thing that could be saved after it has been grown. It is a mistake to assume that the saving of the garden products is less important than growing them in the first place. At the present time when there is the prospect that within a few months hundreds of thou- sands of our own people and of our allies will be seeing the shadow of starvation, there is every reason for each one to do his or her ut- most to save everything from every garden, large or small, that can be saved. Cabbage upside down inatrench. Fill level with light soil and mound to shed water Why Vegetables Spoil VV EGETABLES and fruits spoil, many of them in a very short time after being harvested or picked, as the result of the presence of certain bacteria which attack them immediately and start the processes of decomposition or decay. To make vegetables or fruits “keep” the gardener or housekeeper has to prevent the bacteria from attacking them. In canning or preserving these bacteria are kept away by the can or jar after all those present in the material to be canned have been destroyed by heat sterilization. That is why a leaky jar or can will quickly spoil—the germs get back into it again. Another way of keeping fruits and vegeta- bles is to lower their moisture content to such an extent as to prevent the destructive bacteria from making their attack in the usual way. That is what is done in drying, or, to use the more modern term, evaporating or dehydrat- ing, fruits or vegetables. A good many vegetables and fruits will “keep” for many weeks or even months if they are given the conditions of environment re- quired to keep their texture or cell structure in a normal state. That is what we do in “storing’’ vegetables and fruits for winter. Methods cf canning and drying have already been described at length (GarDEN MaGazINE for July). This tells the story of storing celery. well about the roots only The earth is packed 83 What Can Be Saved By Storing HE number of things that can be kept through the winter by storing, without artificial preservation of any kind, is much greater than commonly realized. The things which may be kept until early spring include beets, cabbage, carrots, celery onions, parsnips, radish, rutabagas, salsify, squash, pumpkins and turnips. Those which may be kept for a number of weeks include cauliflower, sweet corn, lettuce, endive, pep- pers, egg-plant, melons and tomatoes. Mak- ing full use of both groups, the ‘“‘winter garden” becomes a thing of real utility. Different methods of storing are required for different groups. The beginner must know exactly what is meant when told to “store in the cellar” for winter, or to keep “‘in the store- room” at ‘‘a suitable temperature.” The tem- perature suitable for some things is entirely un- Potatoes are dried off where dug for a few hours before storing in a dry frost proof cellar 84 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OcToBER, 1917 suitable for others. Sweet potatoes will decay in a very short time under conditions in which ordinary white or Irish. potatoes would keep perfectly; while Irish potatoes would get soft and begin to sprout if stored where sweet potatoes would keep. Where and How to Store | HE best and the most convenient place for storing most of these things is a cel- lar. Cellars, however, vary greatly. To keep most of the vegetables to be stored properly the cellars usually made nowadays are not so good as the more old-fashioned ones, which were more PIPE VENTILATOR The outdoor pit as it should be completely underground and consequently re-— mained at a more even temperature, and were dark. While too much moisture in a cellar is likely to increase the chance of things spoiling by decay, a cellar in which the air is kept dried out by artificial heat is almost as bad. Stone walls and a good dirt floor in a well-drained position seem to furnish just about the amount of moisture necessary to keep vegetables sound and plump without stimulating moulds, mil- dew and the various forms of decay. Such a cellar is not commonly available now- adays, however. The problem is, therefore, to do the best that can be done with existing conditions, which are likely to mean a small one-roomed cellar with enough small windows to keep it well lighted, a concrete floor, and a hot air or a steam furnace. With a cellar of this kind it is next to impossible to keep the temperature low enough or the air moist enough to have vegetables keep as well as they should. Usually, however, there is space enough to partition off a small room to be used for vegetables alone, where conditions can be controlled independently of the rest of the cellar. This need not involve a great deal of expense. Rough pine 2 by 4’s run from the floor to the ceiling, spaced 32 inches apart to centres and then covered inside and out with “wall board” which can be obtained in strips 32 inches wide, and in any length desired up to 12 feet or so, will give a substantial partition with a 4 inch dead air space that will effect- ively keep out the heat from the part of the cel- lar in which the furnace is situated. If the strips of wall board are bought of the right length there will be little or no sawing and fitting to be done and necessitate not more than a day’s work in putting up the whole thing. Double doors should be placed at the most convenient point in the partition. ‘These also can be made of wall board on light wooden frames; or secondhand doors which can usually be obtained at a very reasonable figure. Ventilation is an important point. That part of the cellar or other room which you plan to use for storage purposes should be provided with at least one and preferably two windows. ‘They need not be large, but one of them at least should be well up to the top of the cellar or room. These windows also should have double sashes or be provided with wooden shutters, especially in sections where the temperature goes much below zero. In case only glass is used, a substantial shade or curtain of burlap or some other material should be supplied by which the room can be kept perfectly dark. - If there will be more than a few bushels of such bulky things as potatoes, beets, carrots, turnips, etc., to be stored for the winter it will be advisable to provide bins of suitable size and so arranged that the boards on the front sides will slip into place loosely and can be removed. Substantial shelves over the bins will give practically as much space for putting barrels, crates, boxes, etc., as would be had without them. By making preparations of this kind in advance to utilize all the space available, a very generous winter supply of vegetables can be put into asmall space. NT A room 8 or 10 feet wide >} by 12 or 15 feet long will accommodate enough of ': allof the vegetables men- tioned above to see the average family through the winter. COLD STORE No Cellar! Then What? IX MANY cases, however, there will be no cellar available. The best substitute is a small room or a large closet, which can be used exclusively for a store room for this purpose— if possible the coldest room in the house, and on the north or west side. If necessary a partition (like that already described) can be GLASS SASH WOOD SHU IA) ZoLZITI ~ TEMPORARY FALSE BOTTOM 1 BOORDS LAID IN LOOSE A hot bed can be pressed into service put in with little trouble. Make provision for ample ventilation and for keeping the room dark. If it can be provided with a window or a small door through which things to be stored can be taken in directly from the outside in- stead of being hauled through the house, that will of course be a great advantage. A few steps or a short ladder against the outside of the house will often make it possible to utilize this means of bringing things in. The Time-Honored Pit VEN where there is no cellar and no room available in the house which can be used as a storeroom, provision for keeping a good supply of vegetables can be made without a great deal of trouble. A “vegetable pit” may be made in any well drained position. This is often so arranged as to form a com- bination vegetable pit and deep hotbed. As the winter supply of vegetables will be pretty well used up by March or April the frame can be used after that date for starting the spring supply of vegetable plants. Where even a frame pit of this kind is not available or there are more of the bulky things than there is room for in the cellar or store room, a good many of the vegetables may be kept in a simple trench or pit made in the open ground and given suitable protection. It is, of course, essential that good drainage be given, as any water collecting and standing in the bottom will mean sure ruin to the things stored. a al 2 CEILING RAFTERS WINDOW | STORE ROOM an || weLL OR COMPO BOARD ae i Ben UPRIGHT Sey: y \\ «KY CELLAR FLOOR "Y, Yi Yi; UM WML hi WL) Detail construction of the store room Putting Away the Foods HE vegetables easiest to store for the winter are potatoes, onions, and cabbage. Potatoes may be kept either in bins or tight or slatted barrels, or if more convenient, in bags. They should be well dried off before being put into storage, but not exposed to ’ direct sunshine even in bags for more than half a day or so after digging, as they will very quickly “green up” and become bitter in taste. To keep them at their best maintain a temper- ature at as near 34 to 36 degrees as possible. For some weeks after storing, when the outside temperature will average a good deal higher than this, the windows or ventilators should be kept closed during the day and opened at night. In this way the average temperature of the cellar or store room can be kept to de- grees or so lower than the temperature outside. Onions, (which are harvested in August or September considerably before potatoes usu- ally are dug) are best not put into winter quarters until danger of hard fecie weather. After harvesting store temporarily in some open shed or other sheltered place where they can get all the air possible while being pro- tected from rain and early frosts. After the tops are thoroughly dried they are cut off and the bulbs stored in regular onion crates or in slatted barrels which permit free circulation of the air around and through the bulbs. This is highly important, as otherwise they will “sweat” and either sprout or rot, in either case being unfitted for going through the winter. While potatoes will keep as well or even better stored directly on a dirt floor, onions must be kept away from any source of moisture. The white varieties of onions and the extra large or “Spanish” type, such as Prizetaker, Giant Rocca, Denia, etc., are not as good keepers as the medium size yellow and red sorts, such as Yellow Globe Danvers, Southport Yellow. and Red Globe and Red Weathersfield. The former therefore should be used first if one has both types to store. In putting up onions for storing it will pay to look them over individually before putting them into winter quarters and sort them out, p plecne the most perfect and firm specimens y themselves and using the others first. OcToBER, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 85 While cabbage will keep in a cellar or store room where a low temperature can be main- tained, part of the crop should be put in a pit or trench for spring use as it will keep longer there than indoors. Where there is not ample room in a cellar, space may be saved by taking the heads up with the roots attached, tying several together and suspending them from hooks or nails in the cellar rafters. For this purpose ordinary ‘corn ties” of stout tarred string with a wire clip at one end for fastening are very convenient. The heads to be stored in a trench should have the stems and most of the leaves left on and be packed in an inverted position. Keeping the Root Crops HE various “root crops,” including beets, carrots, turnips, rutabagas, parsnips, sal- sify and winter radish are also easily kept, but to remain in the best of condition require more moisture than potatoes. For that reason they do best if packed in sand or light soil. This, however, has some objections as it is very heavy to handle and in case a store room in the house is being used involves a considerable “mussing-up.” Sphagnum moss can be used as a substitute for sand or soil as it holds moisture for a long time and has the ad- vantage of being clean and very light to handle. The method of packing vegetables in moss is shown in the photograph on page 95. hese crops may be left in the ground until danger of hard freezing weather. _Be- fore storing the tops are removed, but they should not be cut off too close to the roots. Leave half an inch to an inch of the stems with the roots. Store as soon as possible after dig- ging, so that they will not be exposed to the sun and wind. A store room, being more dry than a cellar, is not so satisfactory for storing vegetables of this kind; they may, however, be easily kept in a trench or pit, which will bring them through in the best condition for use in late winter and early spring. Parsnips and salsify, being perfectly hardy, may be left out where they grew for use as soon as the ground thaws out enough to make it possible to dig them. Celery is one of the most appreciated of winter vegetables, but requires special at- tention in preparing for storing. The part Remove the tops from parsnips in preparing for storage of the crop to be used during fall and early winter may be kept most conveniently in a trench out-of-doors. This should be dug about a foot wide and deep enough so that the plants when packed into it upright will come about level with the surface. They are put in with the roots and soil on, but dry when packed away. Upon approach of severe freez- ing weather the trench can be covered up with a mulch of marsh hay, straw, or leaves. For the winter supply use narrow boxes about a foot wide and deep enough to take the celery pretty near to the tops of the leaves when packed away in an upright position. An inch or two of soil or light sand is placed in the boxes and made moist before the plants are putin. These boxes can be placed in a cellar orstoreroom. ‘They should be examined from time to time and if necessary given enough water to keep the plants from wilting, apply- ing it to the roots only. Even though quite green when put away the stalks will come out white and crisp when they are wanted for use. Warm Temperature Vegetables SQUASH, pumpkins, and sweet potatoes, unlike all the vegetables mentioned above, which keep best at a temperature a few degrees above freezing, will keep in a fairly warm place, 45 degrees or more, and as dry as possible. Where there is an upstairs room, a closet or an attic with a chimney or stove pipe going through it, it is an easy matter to arrange a few shelves on which to store these things and in this way they may be kept until well into the spring. Tomatoes, Corn, and Cauliflower After Frost OF THE several vegetables which may be stored for some time, thus having them for a number of weeks after they are usually “‘out of season,’ tomatoes, sweet corn, cauliflower and melons are the most important. To- matoes which have attained nearly their full size will ripen up gradually after being picked if kept in a cool, shady place. Put in the win- dow in the hot sun, as they frequently are, to ripen, they merely “cook.” The fruits to be ripened should be picked with the greatest care and either wrapped individually in tissue papers or packed in excelsior or dry sphagnum moss or dead grass in small crates or in a cold frame where they can be covered when a dangerously cold night threatens. A few of the best plants may be taken up by the roots after the ripe fruits have been picked and hung up in the cellar or store oath or a frost- proof shed and will keep in good condition for a long time. Mr. Robert Livingston, of Ohio, well known as the originator of so many splendid varieties, thinks the best way of preserving tomatoes for winter is to take ripe and sound fruits, free from any cracks or blemishes; place in a stone crock and pour over them cold, very strong brine. Cover the crock with a clean, white cotton cloth held in place by an inverted plate. Keep the receptacle ina clean, dry cellar. To prepare the tomatoes for use, soak them in fresh, cold water for 12 to 24 hours, when they may be peeled and sliced like fresh fruit. When handled in this manner, to- matoes keep from four to six months. Sweet corn, of course, is likely to succumb to the first frost. If, however, the plants are cut—preferably just a day before the first freeze is to be expected—and placed in small shocks the mature ears will remain in fair con- dition for quite a long time, as the sap in the stalks and leaves keeps the ears from wilting as they would if pulled off. They can then be gathered as wanted from the cut stalk and while not so good as summer corn fresh from the living plants will be considerably better than having none at all. Cauliflower, while similar to cabbage in many respects, cannot be stored in the same way. If, however, the plants which still have immature heads or “buttons” on the approach of freezing weather are taken up by the roots and set closely together in a cold frame or hot- bed and given an occasional watering if neces- sary to keep the soil moist, they will continue to develop and keep fresh and plump for some weeks. Brussels sprouts—another cousin in the cab- bage family—are so hardy that they can be left out of doors where growing without any protection for use up until Christmas or even after. Nearly mature plants of lettuce and endive can be put into the frames in the same way, care being taken to keep the foliage dry and the soil moderately moist. All these things should be protected from hot sun by muslin covered sash or some similar device. Peppers, eggplant, melons and cucumbers may be picked and stored as described for tomatoes and will keep in good condition for a considerable length of time. The greatest care should be exercised, however, to get good sound specimens and to handle them like soft- shelled eggs. The temperature for cauliflower, lettuce and endive handled as described above should be kept as cool as possible down to 35 to 40 de- grees at night, while for tomatoes, melons and the other things mentioned, ten or fifteen de- grees more will be better. The most careful examination must be given everything that 1s to be stored before it is put into winter quarters. With both fruits and vegetables it is preferable, where con- venient, to go over everything as late as pos- sible in the season. It will frequently be found that some speciméns that jooked per- fectly sound and healthy at harvest time have begun to show signs of spoiling in the follow- ing few weeks. If these are thrown out or put aside for immediate use it will often save the remainder. By keeping carrots, beets, etc., in compartments they are easily reached Making Next Year’s Garden Soil Better leis TBWIT IKON, IN; SG Now, as we stand with the season’s experience behind us and the certainty of a needful season ahead, is the right time to plan |Eprror’s Note: Specialist in Soil Fertility State School of Agriculture to bring our garden soil nearer to its maximum of productiveness in order to secure the best returns from our labor and seeds next year.| HE problem of a garden soil differs from that of a field soil only in its intensity. In field crops the amount of labor, per acre, is much smaller and the interest on the land is less, making it possible to secure a profit from lands of less productivity. In a garden, on the other hand, the amount of labor is very great and the soil s usually of so much greater value, that, unless the soil is kept at its maximum of fertility, the overhead expenses will make the garden show a net loss, instead of a profit. The problem of maintaining this high level of productivity, may be properly considered under three headings: 1. Physical factors, which include the amount of available water, the size of the soil particles, the number and size of the air spaces, drainage, temperature, and color. 2. Chemical properties of the soil, which in- clude the amount of available nitrogen, phos- phorus, potassium, calcium, etc. 3. Biological factors, which include the presence of beneficial or injurious animal life and the proper relations of bacteria. The Part of Water I ‘HE best garden soils are rather sandy in texture, although this makes little difference to the person whose soil happens to be of clay or silt. The sandy soils are more easily worked and give the more ready response to the fertilizer applied. A good garden soil is usually rather porous, and contains in the neighborhood of fifty per cent. of pore space, which allows of rapid movement of water and air. Soils of this nature do not hold quite as much available water as clay loams and for that reason every effort must be made to increase the water- holding capacity, as it is only the water which is held on the surface of the grains in the form of a film which is available to plant roots. It is necessary to remove by drainage any sur- plus or free water which may occur. [On most Long Island soils nature has provided such excellent drainage that this is not important, but in other sections, the first requisite to suc- cess 1s a series of tile drains, laid parallel, two and a half rods apart and forty inches deep]. Proper drainage admits air to the lower levels of the soil and increases the depths of the roots, and insures the crop against drouth. In addition to this it enables the gardener to work his land immediately after a heavy rain and thus keep up with a growth of weeds, which thrive as well as cultivated plants under such favorable conditions. The Organic Matter Sponge NEX! to drainage, the most important factor in the control of soil moisture is the presence of large amounts of organic mat- ter. Just as a sponge holds more water than a handful of gravel, so a soil well stored with humus holds more than any texture of soil which contains a less amount. The intensive cultivation which a garden receives, permits rapid decay of this organic matter, and for this reason a garden soil does not long remain in the best condition of fer- tility unless large applications are made of stable manure, or some such cover crop as crimson clover or winter vetch. As the gar- den is often in use from earliest spring until late in the fall, it seems impractical to raise any large amount of green manure, and for this reason gardeners always depend upon very heavy applications of stable manure to main- tain the proper amount of organic matter in the soil. The presence of this organic matter in the soil increases the absorption of heat, by making it dark in color, and raises the tem- perature several degrees. The oxidation of this organic matter also produces a consider- able amount of heat, which has. been esti- mated as the equivalent of burning a ton of coal per acre a season. The Garden Compost Pile ORE of the most ready methods by which a gardener can add organic matter to his soil is by the use of a compost heap. Some old boards should be used to make a pen at least ten feet square in the corner of the gar- den, into which should be thrown all weeds and parts of vegetables which cannot be used in the kitchen. With this should be mixed at fre- quent intervals, a few shovelfuls of rich dirt from the garden. Ina good sized garden there will accumulate, during the summer, several tons of material almost equal in value to pur- chased stable manure. If the weeds are pulled and thrown into this heap, the fer- mentation will destroy all the seeds and as many of them contain more plant food than the cultivated crops, the mixture will greatly increase the productivity of the garden. As the soil is a poor conductor of heat, this organic matter also raises the temperature of fertile soil above that of a less fertile one. The increase of even a very few degrees of the tem- perature on the soil 1s highly desirable in an early spring, when it is difficult to get seeds to sprout, or transplanted vegetables to grow properly. A thorough cultivation of garden soil, combined with a large amount of organic matter. 1s important in maintaining a large supply of air in the soil. This air is necessary for the proper development of beneficial micro- organism, and in preventing the accumulations of organic acids in the soil, which is often the result of imperfect decay of vegetation. The Part of Chemicals I ‘HE chemical factors of soil fertility are more readily controlled by the gardener than physical factors, in fact most people think that soil fertility consists wholly in the ad- dition of large amounts of plant food to the soil. While this is not strictly true it is never- theless a fact that if plants are to make the largest and economical growth they must have present much more plant food than is actually used; more than ninety-five per cent. of the plant is derived from air and water which are combined by the marvelous alchemy of the plant into such substance as plant fibre, starch, sugar, etc. The small amount of food derived from the soil first is, however, of the greatest importance in promoting the activities of the green leaf and unless all of the needed sub- stances are present, the growth of the plant will entirely cease. The most important element from the standpoint of the cost as well as from the probability of its being deficient, is nitrogen, which is used by most plants in the form of nitrates. Nitrates may be purchased in the form of nitrate of soda in which form the nitro- gen costs about thirty cents a pound. 86 Unless nitrogen is present in the necessary quantity, growth is slow, the color of the plant is pale- and the product unpalatable and stringy. If nitrate of soda is used it must be applied in small amounts at frequent intervals while growth is going on. Many gardeners dissolve nitrate of soda in water at the rate of a tablespoonful to the gallon which is quite strong enough to supply the needs of our plants. A good quality of stable manure contains not more than ten pounds of nitrogen in a ton and this is in a rather slowly available form. When twenty or thirty tons of manure are applied per acre, each year, it will suppiy as much nitrogen as can possibly be used by the vegetables, but as so many horses have been replaced by motors, it is becoming increasingly dificult to secure large amounts of stable manure. A plot 100x 40 ft. is almost one tenth of an acre, and two two-horse loads would sufhce for a garden already in a state of good fertility. “Three two-horse loads would be a heavy dressing, Nitrogen is of particular importance in promoting the leaf and stem growth of plants, particularly cabbage, lettuce, and similar vegetables. Where the fruits or the seeds are the desired crops larger amounts of phos- phoric acid must be used which may be applied in the form of acid phosphate, used at the rate of five hundred pounds to the acre. Bone meal is a well and favorably known source of nitrogen and phosphoric acid, but as it is slow in its action, it is not well to depend upon it for crops grown the same season. It should always be used for crops like asparagus or rhubarb, which remain several years on the same ground. Now that our usual sources of potash have been cut off, it is not possible for us to buy any considerable amount in the form of fertilizers. Most of the potash in plants is contained in the stems and lower leaves which makes an added reason for saving unused portions of our vegetables as a compost. Lime is needed on almost all garden soils, having an especially beneficial effect on beans, beets, and lettuce which are improved in yield and quality by moderate applications of lime. For convenience in applying, it is best to buy a hydrated lime in paper sacks. A half ton of this applied to an acre every second year will keep the soil in good condition. Heavy fertilization and thorough tillage always result in a heavy loss of lime in the drainage water and the rapid decay of the organic matter in the soil leaves a residue of acids which must be neutralized if the land is to maintain its fertility. The Part Played by Lime "THE effect of lime is as largely biological as it is chemical, and a fertile garden soil is an exceedingly lively place, swarming with untold millions of bacteria and other forms of micro-organisms, some of which are injurious, others beneficial, and others of no importance to us. We do know, however, that the most fertile soils contain the largest numbers of bacteria, and we know enough of their effects to be sure that the production of nitrates, which are nec- essary to feed the plants, 1s entirely due to the activity of three separate groups of bacteria, « OcTOBER. 1917 iSEehe Geach D) ENS “MAG AZ TN E 87 which only thrive in soil neutral in its reaction. It is, moreover, certain that the bacteria which enable the leguminous plants to use the nitro- gen of the air thrive best in the presence of lime. It is known that there are found in many soils, organic products which inhibit plant growth, even when present in minute amounts, and.that these products are not so often found in soils which contain a proper proportion of lime. Present Time Opportunity SINCE it is becoming increasingly difficult to secure stable manure in sufficient quantity it behooves the gardener to make the most of his own resources which include the growing of green manures whenever the land is not busy with a saleable crop. After the mid- dle of August certain parts of the garden are left bare while others will retain their crops until late in September or even October. Crimson clover is the most valuable of all the green crops and as the seed is cheap it should be sown on every square foot of available soil using not more than a half pound of seed to the square rod. As it is sometimes difficult to get crimson clover properly started in dry weather it is wise to put on the same land at the same time a seeding of rye which is the most reliable of all green cover crops. It has such a remarkable ability to start growth in dry ground that it can be depended upon to grow when all else fails. [In the North October will be too late to sow any cover crop other than rye. Ep.| When the seed can be obtained it is well to use in ad- dition to these a sprinkling of winter vetch as the three species together would make a larger and more useful growth than any one alone. Such a covering of green manure will be sufficient to add most of the nitrogen necessary for the next year’s garden; will supply a quantity of organic matter sufficient to carry a crop through an additional two weeks of drought and will save from leaching out in the drainage water this winter as much plant food as is required for next season. Using Fruits and Vegetables Wisely CROPS HAVE BEEN GROWN, CANNED, AND STORED.—THEIR PROPER USE ON THE TABLE IS THE PRESENT PROBLEM OF THE PEOPLE IN ORDER TO REALIZE TO THE LIMIT THEIR POTENTIAL VALUE [Ep:Tor’s Note: This article, which has received the approval of the U. S. Food Administration, has been prepared by recognized authorities for the purpose of giving those who own gardens a realization of the great part they are able to take in the existent crisis. It is not the part of wisdom to en- deavor to live without proper food at proper times, and in proper quantity. We have, however, been prone to eat without regard to any far-reaching in- fluence because we lived in abundance and luxury. Now, with the need of all the peoples of the world pressing for our considerate attention, we must choose our food for the best interest of the whole world. The home gardener’s patriotic duty 1s clearly laid down: He must utilize to the fullest extent the food materials easily at hand, so as to liberate elsewhere those other food materials that are more concentrated and more easily transported. And it 1s not a hardship—only learning to live up to opportunities. ] N THIS fall season, with plentiful fruits and vegetables surrounding us on every hand and with the fear before us of a scarcity of food in all lands, it is worth while to think whether we may not use more ‘freely and more wisely these supplies that lie at our doors. If we live in the country, fruits and vege- tables arenotonly abundant but cheap and may often be had for the gathering; we who have our own gardens, need no inducement to use freely the material that we have planted, tended and watered through the long summer; those who live in a city apartment, and have had no garden to plant, and if the fruits and vegetables are so expensive as to seem almost like luxuries, still must use them if at all pos- sible, both because they are good for them and because they may be made to take the place of some of the foods upon which we have been accustomed to depend. Even the many who, in this time of high prices, can only use the cheaper foods must still have at least the small amount of fruits and vegetables that are neces- sary for well-being. Most of us have thought of the grapes or cantaloupe we eat for breakfast, or of the orange salad for lunch, or the apple compote for dinner largely as a matter of flavor, an ad- ditional gratification for the palate; we have used vegetables chiefly to give variety. We have, of course, known in a vague way that these foods are desirable from the standpoint of health, but how or why we have hardly cared to question. To-day there has come an emergency. We are asked to eat wisely and well. We are asked to change some of our food ,habits. Among other things we are asked as far as pos- sible to make use of the “‘perishables” that nothing may be lost. If we are to do this in the right way and make these take the place of some of our usual foods, we not only must know their real food value but we must know as well the fundamental needs of the body and how these are supplied by the different foods. Only then are we ready to use in place of part of our meat, our cereals, and our sugar, these foods that are difficult to transport, when transporation is needed for other purposes, and that may play an important part in the present situation because they set free some of the staple foods for the use of our Allies, for the use of our own people who are living on a mini- mum amount, and for our soldiers. In or- dinary times we may “muddle along” in our well-to-do fashion, with the comfortable assurance that if we are using an ordinary mixed diet we are probably getting what we need. To-day we must know; we may no longer guess. E ALL know in a general way that our food furnishes material to build the body and to repair the waste that is constantly going on as a part of the life process; that it furnishes fuel, which yields heat and gives the energy not only for the work that we do but also for the internal work of the body—such as the beating of the heart. We have only lately begun to understand that this is only part of the story, and that the food furnishes also certain things that we may call regulating sub- stances. Some of these are the mineral salts that also act as building material, some are acids such as add flavor and refreshment to our fruits, and some are the newly discovered substances, as yet unnamed, whose nature is unknown, but which seem necessary to health and growth. These have sometimes been called “vita- mines”’ and are sometimes spoken of simply as “fat soluble” and “water soluble” substances. The fat soluble substance is found in milk fat, in egg yolk, in meat fat, and in the green leaves of plants. This seems to be especially neces- sary for children since growth does not take place without it. The water soluble substance is more widely distributed and is found in fruits and root vegetables and in some amount in most of our common foods except fats, cereals that have had the outer coating removed, and such foods as sugar and com- mercial starch. **Food’’ or ‘‘Fuel’’ Values? UR FRUITS and vegetables, with a few exceptions, have only a small amount of that indispensable kind of building material found in meat, milk, eggs, and grains, called by that much shunned name protein. Only a few of them can furnish much fuel in the form of starch, and still fewer offer it in the form of fat. All ripe fruits and many vegetables con- tain sugar. But it is especially because of the abundance of mineral matter such as iron and lime salts, and of the regulating and growth- promoting substances, that we need always in- clude at least some of these foods in our diet. They furnish, too, some of the indigestible matter that we may call roughage and that must be provided to give enough bulk to our diet. The fruits are nearly all somewhat laxative, due not only to the roughage but to the mineral matter and acid present. They are a good supplement to cereals, meat, and eggs. Most of the vegetables and fruits, even acid fruits, such as oranges and lemons, after they are utilized in the body are no longer acid but alkaline. E FIND all the time different estimates of the food value of fruits and vege- tables. One picks up a paper and finds that cabbage, for example, has “very little food value” and is an extravagant addition to the diet. Some else will say that the same food 1s exceedingly desirable. The truth depends upon our interpretation of “food value.” If we mean by this the fuel value of the food, 1. e., if we mean that the food will produce a large amount of heat or power to work, in other words, that it has a high energy value, we must agree that very few of our fruits and vegetables havea high food value. Perhaps we might bet- ter say that they have a high value as food. A Word to the Cook INCE we use our vegetables largely for their mineral salts, we should see that in the process of cooking this mineral matter is kept and not thrown away. Steaming the 88 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OctToBeER, 1917 vegetable, or, if it is cooked in water, using so little water that it may be served with it, or saving the water for the making of cream vegetable soups, are all ways of doing this. It is stupid to choose vegetables for our diet because of their one special value, and then throw away much of the material that gives them that value. Delicious.soups may be made from the water in which cabbage, cauli- flower, asparagus, peas, corn, spinach and other vegetables have been cooked. In trimming celery for salad the leaf and the tougher stalks may be laid aside to i dry. The tougher leaves of the spinach may also be dried. Part of the bunch of parsley or mint, onion or carrot, that is not used, even the peel- ing and tough stems of mushrooms, may be dried, and all of these may be used for soup or flavoring. For drying these small amounts no special apparatus is necessary. A tin plate kept on top of the gas oven, or in some place near the stove where it will get a small amount of heat, is all that is needed. In the same way, if an ear or two of corn is left from the dinner, it may be cut from the cob and dried and used an- other time for a vegetable or for soup. ‘‘ Dry as you go”’ might be the motto for this method. of saving. SAWVACH, | give the needed fuel. EMERGENCY USE To-day the question arises how far can we use these fruits and vegetables not merely for their own value but to take the place of other foods. We can use them safely in large amounts if in this generous use we do not neglect the fuel and body building foods, and if we choose them carefully we may use them as meat savers, cereal savers, and sugar savers. Fruits and Vegetables as Meat Savers EAT is one of the foods upon which we are accustomed to depend for much of our body-building material. The best vegetables to take its place are peas (including the cow pea so common in the South) and _ shelled beans, such as kidney, lima, and soy beans. These have a fair amount of this body- building material that is so essential not only to our welfare but to A well chosen dinner, giving the right proportion of muscle-building food, with enough starch, sugar and fat to The spinach contains iron and other mineral matter, and some of the other foods contain the re- gulating substances so necessary to health and growth. The dinner on right is less expensive, but it is as well less and yet have the flavor that we like we shall be better off and just as happy. If we are accustomed to use only a little meat, it is all the more necessary that we should get all the satisfaction’ possible out of it. In our stews we might use one fourth as much meat as we have been accustomed to use, and double or triple the amount of vegetables. A satis- factory dinner may be made from a very little left-over meat, put into a casserole or covered fruit. dish between thick layers of sliced earrots or turnips, with a little water and seasoning added and perhaps a little left-over gravy, or broth, and the whole cooked in the oven until the vegetables are thoroughly done. The New England ‘“‘boiled dinner,” with its many vegetables and its small amount of meat, is an old method of carrying out this plan. Cereal Saving—Potatoes TH our present need is to save our cereals, especially wheat, no one questions, and for this we must look chiefly to the potato and the sweet potato, among vegetables; This dinner looks attractive, but when we study it we find that too many of the foods that are used in it are chosen from the group that contains a large amount of fat. The dinner consists of cream of tomato soup, mutton’chops, creamed potatoes, greens cooked with bacon or pork, and suet pudding with hard sauce. It contains over 3 ounces of fat; 14 to 3 ounces is all that should be used for the whole day selected. Most of the protein is supplied by the bread, since the cereals are the cheapest source of this muscle building food, and by the baked beans, that like all the legumes contain a very large proportion of it. least expensive diet must have some fresh vegetables or Here cabbage is chosen bread (1 0z.), though it contains a little less of the body-building protein. Now that pota- toes are again abundant we may eat less bread and use more potato. In America the average consumption of potato is about one-half pound per day for each person, and this might be materially increased. The potato should be cooked in its “jacket,” for much is wasted in paring and the pared potato loses more of its mineral salts in the water than the un- pared. Fruits as Sugar Savers FOR saving of sugar we depend chiefly on fruits rather than on vegetables, though beets, carrots, pars- nips, artichokes, and especially the sweet potato, contain agood deal of sugar; while onions, cabbage, some . kinds of peas, string beans, sweet corn and squash also contain a fair amount of sugar. We sometimes divide our fruits into flavor fruits and food fruits, but the dividing line between these is very indefinite. Bananas would naturally fall into the food class since the banana contains a large amount of real food in the form of starch—or sugar in the ripened banana. Oranges and peaches, on the other hand, belong to the flavor fruits, with less than half as much fuel value as the banana. Grapes, with their large amount of sugar, plums, and cherries come in between. We need to remember this in planning our bill of fare. Dried fruits—dates, figs, raisins, prunes—have so much sugar that they may well be used in place of candies. While the raw fruits to many are the most attractive, some find them more difficult to digest than the cooked fruit. While we may use cooked fruits in combination with cereals and in other ways for puddings and desserts, some of the simplest ways of cooking them are quite as satisfactory. The apple sauce made from cooking the whole apple, skin and all, and straining it, uses every particle of the flavor and the mineral salts present. Pears baked for three or four hours in a deep dish, with a very little water, either with or without a small amount of sugar, turn such a beautiful red that they are a delight to the eye as well as the palate. Baked quinces prepared in the same way, either with or without the addition Even the our very existence. This protein is not of quite the same kind This dinner has too much of the muscle-building food called protein. Fish, eggs, nuts and beans each may be used to take the place of some of the meat in the diet. Here we have them all, with meat besides. The dinner shown to the right has too many foods from the two groups that are rich in sugar and starch. Meat pie and baked potato, green peas, bread and butter, and cottage pudding with chocolate sauce, in one meal show how by unwise choice, One characteristic of the well-chosen diet— a right proportion between protein and fuel—was omitted of apple, is a use of the fruit that might be more often made. that is present in milk, eggs and meat, so that it may be used only to supply part of the whole amount we need. It is better then to think of these vegetables as meat savers rather than as meat substitutes, but the addition of a very little meat, or milk—even skimmed milk—or egg is all that is necessary to supply the lack. One half a pound of shelled green peas or beans, or one fourth of a pound (one cup) with a cup of skimmed milk or an egg, gives as much body-building material as one fourth of a pound of beef. Other vegetables may be used to extend the meat flavor and to make it go as far as possible. Many of us eat too much meat. If we can eat among fruits we may use the partially ripened, cooked banana. The potato, not only in common usage but from a dietetic standpoint, is in a class by it- self among vegetables. One may live entirely upon the potato, as some Danish investigators have done for several years. Five ounces of potato yields as much fuel value as one ounce of cereal, uncooked, but since in cooking the cereal we add from 2 to 3 times the amount of water, we must serve about twice as much potato as cereal to give equal food value. Asmall potato (4or 5 to the pound) has as much starch as a large slice of Prunes may be cooked without sugar, and to many are much more palatable. If the prunes are soaked over night, and cooked in the water in which they were soaked until the water 1s reduced to a thick syrup, one has an article little like the ordinary stewed prune. Jams in Place of Butter Jp: and preserves, through the addition of sugar, are foods of a high fuel value. Jam is regarded as of great importance on the Continent of Europe to-day and all the Continental governments have taken steps to procure sufficient jam in order to cover this need in the diet. “Bog” Gardening With Native Plants By NORMAN TAYLOR B. Curator of Plants oklyn Botanic Garden A PRACTICAL SOLUTION OF UTILIZING A WET HOLE THAT IS OFTEN A TROUBLESOME SPOT—CHARMING NATIVE PLANTS THAT DELIGHT IN SOUR, HE reason for having a bog garden is that in it may be grown many very interesting plants that cannot be grown in any other situation; and, besides, many ordinary swamp plants can alle be grown along its edges. There must be a clear distinction made be- tween bogs and other wet or swampy places before bog gardening can be a success. In the marsh or swamp the drainage is usually fairly regular and free; in the true bog the drainage is practically nil, or only free during the spring thaw. Because of this lack of drainage ‘there is in all bogs an accumulation of acidity i in the bog-water, which is strongly acid and dark colored in some glacial potholes, more moder- ately so in some of the partly drained bogs of the coastal plain regions of the country. ‘There is usually, but not always, a deficiency of lime in bog soils, and in nature there is a very large percentage of mycorrhizal plants found in them. ‘The relation of the mycorrhizal habit of getting food and the acidity of the bog is a very delicate and complex one and little is actually known of it. But experience has shown such a relation to exist. Making an Artificial Bog IF YOU have an undrained or a_ poorly drained area about your garden the prob- lem of having a bog garden almost solves itself. - But the demands of others who wish to grow the many beautiful species that will only be- come naturalized in such places, has led to the construction of artificial bogs. These may be of any size from a few square feet to com- paratively large areas, and methods of con- struction must vary according to the nature of the subsoil. In places where there is a layer of hard-pan and the downward drainage is poor, it will only be necessary to dig out the Fringed Orchid (Habenaria) one of the most showy native plants that can be cultivated only in a bog desired amount, fill in enough blue clay to make the basin water tight and then put in the mixture to be described presently. A more permanent and satisfactory type UNDRAINED SOILS of construction is to make the basin of con- crete, the walls and floor of which should not be less than six to eight inches thick, to pre- vent the concrete from cracking during frost. Waterproof the concrete, and ‘because i in all concrete mixture there is lime, it is best to smear clay over the walls and bottom. ‘The completed bog, whether of concrete or merely scooped out of the ground, should be two feet deep, its edges practically flush with the sur- rounding ground. If of concrete, sods will easily grow over it and the hard line of the rim may thus be completely hidden. Be sure before filling with the mixture that the tank is watertight, just as though it were for a Lily pond. ‘The shape of the structure, whichever type of construction is used, must be a matter of individual taste.’ While informality is the essence of bog gardening a “regular ir- regularity ” is most to be fought against. Ten minutes’ observation of natural “bogs, their shapes and shore lines will put the imaginative bog gardener in possession of all the sugges- tions needed, to prevent putting impossible bog gardens in impossible places. As a cardinal feature remember that the drainage from the surrounding region should be all in, not out. The management of the bog garden requires some skill and observation. As the amount of evaporation from the surface is enormous, water must be added, either artificially or naturally. Strive to keep the bog just full enough not to overflow, thus keeping the whole sponge wet, but preventing the leaking out of the valuable acids that are the life of the bog. Both for the effect and for the good of the bog it is desirable to cover all the open spaces in it with live sphagnum moss, which when once established, will make a delightful carpet. The ‘‘bog”’ at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, was shipped from the New Jersey pine barrens and placed in a prepared basin of concrete lined with clay. Anything that came up was allowed to grow, and any undesired plants were not retained. Others are added from time to time 89 90 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OctoBeER, 1917 The Sundew (Drosera intermedia) an insectivorous plant which traps flies, etc., with its glandular hairs Making a Bogplant Soil THE mixture to go in the bog garden is preferably one that has come out of a Cranberry or natural bog—muck, twigs, water, slime and all. From such a mixture a host of very interesting bog plants will spring up the first year and these may be isolated in clumps after the first season. A good plan when following this procedure is to let the inner part of the bog “run wild,” clearing a strip of a foot or two all round the edges, for the cultivation of species needing, for exhi- bition purposes, more open spaces. ~ Provision should be made, either in this strip or in any other open place in the bog for two things. (1) A place where only sand and peat soil, mixed about half and half, is found, to be used for certain plants that are described in the lists following: and, (2) some small space of practically open water where the very interest- ing Bladder-worts may be grown. ‘The latter situation can be made by scooping out the muck for a few inches, filling in with sand and peat soil, leaving about five to six inches depth of water. For those who cannot get muck from natural The Pitcher plant catches insects in the leaf-like pitchers and feeds on them. | Plant shown in bloom bogs a soil can be mixed of leafmold, sand, and twigs and leaves of the Oaks or of Mountain Laurel or Rhododendron refuse. Guard against getting the mixture too heavy and clayey. Sand and plenty of twigs and leaves of the species mentioned will lighten up the mixture —leafmold makes it more heavy. Plants For the Bog Garden MAY bog plants are very showy and worth cultivation because of _ this. Others, such as the insectivorous kinds, are among the most wonderful plants in nature, for they have the unique distinction of being able to digest animal matter directly, a habit otherwise unknown in all the realm of vege- table life. The devices for catching and keep- ing unwary insects are ingenious beyond the imagination of most of us. Darwin’s ‘In- sectivorous Plants” is more fascinating than any fairy tale. Many bog plants are necessarily omitted from the following list, and it should be re- membered that a number of purely swamp species, not mentioned here, can also be grown in bogs. The delight of a bog garden lies in the fact that many, very many, of the bog plants may be collected in the wild and trans- planted. For those who cannot collect there are dealers who specialize in water plants. SHRUBS FOR BACKGROUND EFFECTS Rhodora (Rhododendron canadense), purple flowers before the leaves in April and May, 3 to 5 ft. Swamp Azalea (Azalea viscosa) white or pink flowers after the leaves in May or June, 5 to 8 ft. Sheep Laurel (Kalmia angustifolia), purplish- pink flowers, summer, 1 to 2 ft. Also Kalmia glauca in northern regions. Leather Leaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata), small whitish flowers along one side of the branches, May, 1 to 2 ft. Labrador Tea (Ledum . latifolium), white flowers in terminal clusters; leaves russet- brown below, 2 to 5 ft. Wild Rosemary (Andromeda polifolia), droop- ing white flowers, early spring, leaves silvery below. Under 24 ft. Creeping Snowberry (Chiogenes hispidula), prostrate, with tiny white flowers and snow berries. Leaves dark, evergreen. There are many others but those named are the best for the temperate regions of the United States. In the South many others are to be found. PERENNIALS, GROWN CHIEFLY FOR THEIR FLOWERS IN ANY OPEN PART OF THE BOG Water Arum (Calla palustris), a greenish- flowered plant, having a conspicuous white spathe. Showy and hardy. Calamus (Acorus calamus) sword-shaped leaves and a fingerlike flower cluster; the root is the medicinal calamus. Violet (Viola lanceolata), a delicate, very free flowering violet with lance shaped leaves. Milkweed (Asclepias lancelota), a deep red milkweed, very showy, and with smooth, narrow leaves. Purple Marshlocks (Potentilla palustris), a sprawling, rather rank bog plant with purple flowers. Ditch Stonecrop (Penthorum sedoides), green- ish-yellow flowers in curved spikes, summer. Golden Club (Orontium aquaticum), very early flowering, and making a patch of gold in March, or April. Several species of Closed Gentian can be grown only in the bog garden Buckbean (Menyanthes trifoliata), with three- divided leaves and many conspicuous white flowers is a valuable addition. Swamp Pink (felonias bullata), flowering in April to May, is our most conspicuous spring bog flower. There are many Asters, Goldenrods, and Eupatoriums that grow in bogs, as well as some Gentians, but the bog species must be collected from the wild. IN WET, SANDY PLACES Here must be grown all the species of Yellow- eyed grass (X yris), curious plants with long, delicate, grasslike leaves and tiny heads of yellow flowers. Also species of Bunch-flowers (Eriocaulon) should be grown here. They are not large, have sword-shaped leaves and white, erect heads not un- like the ever- lastings. With these too, must go the Meadow Beauty (dif- ferent species of Rhexia). Beautiful purplish - red flowers. All the plants in this class and the following are to be had from dealers in bog plants or collected in the wild. There are others such as Lophiola, Abama, and Zyadenus. . IN OPEN WATER The Bladder- worts are dif- ferent species of Utricularia, some with purple and some with yellow flowers, some floating on the surface and supported by air-bladders, others rooting near the edges of the pool. Ladies’ Tresses, a bog Orchid of slender habit, flowers white OcTOBER, IQI7 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 91 The most in- teresting and delicate of all bog species. BOG ORCHIDS Many native Orchids can only be grown in bogs, and from them the following have been selected as the most noteworthy. All are per- ennials and may be had from ‘tihve dealers. Calopogon pul- chellus, pink- purple flow- ers about an inch in diam- eter, June July. Leaves grass- like: Cypripedium parviflorum, a small flowered yellow Lady’s-slipper. Raise up so roots are not too wet. Cypripedium spectabile, showy Lady’s-slipper; beautiful rose-purple or nearly white flowers. Habenaria blephariglottis, a white-fringed Orchid with a showy spike, I to 2 ft. Habenaria ciliaris, yellow-fringed Orchid, very showy spike, 12 to 18 in. Arethusa bulbosa, beautiful purplish pink flowers, about the last of May, 3 to 6 in. Spiranthes cernua, white, slender spikes. The Ladies-tresses. Several others, even more slender species are known, but must be collected. a Sa — The purple Calopogon, one of the most beautiful native bog orchids Besides these there are more than forty other species which may be collected by the enthusiast. Nearly all of our most beauti- ful native orchids are bog plants. INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS These will be grown more for their peculiar habits of getting their food and for their odd form than for their beauty. They are of several types; some catch insects in a tube- shaped leaf, drowning them at the bottom of the cup, others have sticky hair to which the insect becomes fastened, and the most wonderful of all, Venus’ ‘Ay- -trap, actually traps its food by a contraction of its jaw- like, prickly leaves. The best insectivorous bog plants are as follows: Wirtu Pitcuers: Sarracenia purpurea, having short purplish red pitchers, quite hardy northward, our common northern pitcher plant. Sarracenia rubra, the red trumpet The Sheep Laurel, with showy pink and purple flowers in summer, is a useful bog shrub leaf with tall pitchers. Sarracenia flava, also with tall pitchers but yellow. Sar- racenia Drummondi1, with -varie- gated pitch- ers, the larg- est and most showy of all. The last three meu siteu bre taken in dur- ing the win- ter north of Washington, D.C. Ail are much more showy than the first. WitH STICKY Harrs: All ‘the species of Drosera, or Sundews, havethe curi- ous habit of catching and digesting in- sects. They are all small ales which should be planted in masses on sphagnum moss. All are quite hardy. Witx Contractinc Leaves: The Venus fly- trap, a low perennial with two valvelike leaves that contract whenever an insect or other irritation comes between them. Closing up rather rapidly, they are among the most interesting plants to have growing in the bog garden. Not hardy north of Washington, D. C. The showy Yellow Fringed Orchid is Common in many wild bogs One Successful “War Garden” Effort - THE WORKINGS OF AN ACTUAL CASE TAKEN AS TYPICAL IN LAYING PLANS FOR THE FUTURE ON THE LESSONS HEN the electrifying “appeal” came in late spring the response to the President was whole souled and universal. Wonderful gardens blos- somed where hitherto tin cans and weeds abounded. Literally the waste lands were made fruitful. All this, of course, is now history. We saw with our own eyes, you and I, and we marveled greatly that there was so much latent garden spirit needing only the proper stimulus. In large cities like New York and_ Philadelphia municipal demonstration gardens were planted in the public parks. Boston appointed a special home garden ex- pert. East and west, north and south, gardens were started. The garden clubs turned from “pleasure” gardening to “profit” gardening and lent a hand in starting local action. The boy scouts were enlisted. Much credit is due the various local com- munities that took definite action quickly and produced results this year. In some places the final results were not entirely successful, but those communities may learn from the others so that next year’s efforts will count on the right side. One of the decidedly successful OF GHEE, PAST centres may be taken as typical. Islip, on Long Island, is selected because it seems to illus- trate the practical application of certain lines of action which brought good results. In April three ladies as representatives of the Islip Women’s Suffrage Club, Mrs. Jay F. Carlisle, Mrs. August Belmont, Jr., and Miss Mary Smith, started the home garden move- ment. Whatever they may have lacked in gardening experience was more than offset by keen interest and close application, re- sulting in one of the strikingly successful gar- den ventures of its kind in all the country. At the outset the active codperation of a skilled gardener was engaged and he gave advice and supervision all through the season. Home gardens were encouraged where the space was available; if not, free garden plots were given to those who had no opportunity at home. In all, about 150 gardens were started and plant- ing charts supplied as guides—these were not ironclad, however, and were subject to varia- tion. The gardens were divided into four classes, girls, boys, women unaided, and family gar- dens—four prizes were offered in each class. The children were given gardens of a uniform size 15x25 ft., but were not confined to these dimensions, for a youngster could get more ground and felt able to do more according to his or her size or ability, he was encouraged to do more, but all were cautioned against starting too large a garden and were told very plainly that a garden 15 x 25 ft. well cared for was better far than 30 x 50 ft. only half cared for. Owners were notified that their gardens would be visited frequently; that the best gar- dens would be photographed. The codperation of the “Movie Palace” was here sought and notice given that lantern slides of the prize win- ners would be shown at the time of awarding the prizes. This had a wonderfully stimulating effect on the younger element, any one of whom would gladly have given almost anything he possessed for the honor of having his garden flashed on the screen as a winner. Before any actual work was started a lecture (illustrated with lantern slides) was given. _ This was to teach the beginners the rudiments of gardening, showing how to do the various tasks; but above all why to do them. Such 92 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OcToBER, 1917 matters were discussed as, why lime is applied to gardens, the value of manure as a plant food, the place of fertilizers, the purpose of digging, how to make drills, why the soil is cultivated, advantages and disadvantages of artificial watering, tools required and the way to use them. _ The course in fact was a be- ginner’s A. B. C. of gardening from the digging of the ground to the storing of the crops. The organizers, working on the theory that anything had for nothing was held too cheaply, agreed to fur- nish all seeds, fertilizers, and other requisites at cost, and to meet the cases of those who could not afford the expenditure at seeding time arrangements were made for payment when the crops were gathered, or by in- stallments if so desired. This proved a real incentive, better than scattering a quantity of free seed, and then visiting the garden in fall and finding only the garden wreck hidden by a tall monument of weeds; for those who didn’t pay cash for their seeds felt that some one had a mortgage on their garden and they were trying hard to lift it and with few exceptions they did. Home gardens were preferred to community centre gardens for several reasons, firstly, the gar- den at home was more conveni- ent for the owners to cultivate; secondly, where a number of gar- dens are closely connected the owners of the poorer gardens get discouraged and give up; thirdly, an hour per day in the garden is vastly superior to one day a week; fourthly, the produce of a garden away from home is liable to waste because of the inconvenience; fifthly, considerable time is wasted in garden centres where the children predominate unless some one is there to look after them. Itwas the duty of the instructor to frequently inspect the various gardens, giving lessons to the children on any problem that came up, in- cluding such questions as these: What can I do to get rid of ants that destroy my seed? How far apart must I thin my beets? What shall I sow after the early peas and spinach? ‘This idea worked splendidly, it kept up the interest, This was one of the really successful gardens, neatly ordered and well cared for throughout the season because the youngsters felt that they were actually learning something. The one great stumbling block in teaching children gardening (or anything else for that matter) is to get them to take things seriously and it was thought best to be frank with them at the start, insisting that gardening meant hard work, that successful crops were the re- sult of hard work and plenty of it. This course frightened off a number who wouldn’t have Beans are always satisfying for beginners, for they are not exacting in soil requirements and yield good crops taken the matter seriously, and so would have given up their gardens at the critical time. Some garden organizers in other sections worked on a different theory, painting the bright side very rosily and thought much had been accomplished by getting a very large number to start irrespective of the chances for a successful conclusion. Unquestionably one of the greatest. ob- stacles to surmount was the tendency to abandon the gardens during midsummer. Any one can garden during May and June when nature smiles her sweetest, but in July and August, when the sun is strong, when the mosquitoes are thick, when the swimming is fine, and when the pesky weeds grow a foot or more a day (or seem to at least) is the criti- cal time in the beginner’s garden. Here the big part played by the principal had its effect; frequent visits being made to the gardens, and a word of encouragement here, or a suggestion there, kept many a half inclined slacker close up to the firing line. Any garden enthusiast would have found something worth while in a visit to these gardens during the summer, the originality of ideas displayed showed in- itiative. A dozen different types of tomato trellis were found and all had good sound common sense back of them; one garden was neatly hedged with carrots and parsley—practical, sensible and pleasing; in another lima beans and corn were sown in the same hill with the idea of using the corn to support the beans; still another garden was the work of a lad who had but one arm, but he hadn’t asked for any handicap and he started from scratch along with the others. Just think what these gardens meant in this one little commun- ity alone! More than 150 plots that had never been planted be- fore, the yield—even though these gardens didn’t have any- thing in quantity that Uncle Sam might send across the water, yet they did have plenty for the families of the youthful garden- ers—which released an equivalent amount for shipment abroad. One of the hardest points to teach was gathering the vege- tables when ready. This mat- ter can only be handled properly by fre- quent visits to the gardens; there must be persuasion. The youngsters had the idea that the garden was to grow vegetables and that when the vegetables were gathered their gardens suffered somewhat. ‘This, of course, is true as far as appearance is concerned, but not from an economic viewpoint. It took no little effort to convince the youthful gardeners that their peas or beans should be picked. To sum up this success can be attributed to the following reasons, placed according to their importance: close application of the or- ganizers; frequent inspection of the gardens; frequent and ttmely advice by some one who knows. A back yard that in former years was a rubbish heap literally covered with empty paint cans See FA RIOTIC GARDEN a He also Fights who helps Vif YZ ATLEAST: § \ , >" \\\\ Cae ~Y* Message from the Food Administration HE GARDEN _ owners of America have it in their power to produce food for themselves and for others, so that the millions of people who face hunger next year can be largely relieved by them. Food raised in Am- erican gardens for home consumption next year will enable the organized mercantile interests of the country to build up reserves in supplies to meet these demands from abroad. If the housekeepers and the gardeners work together, we can feed our own army better in France. The home makers in America can grow food that will serve as ammunition and help us win this war. The result of this year’s crops is now being preserved in many ways and placed in our cellars and storehouses. With proper care, we have enough of a supply to carry us through the winter, but next spring the cam- paign will open again. In spite of the fact that here and there has been inadequate use of supplies grown, on the whole, the general increase in garden supplies has been of great significance. Next year it must be Gardens Add $100,000,000 to Nation’s Wealt more significant and even more intelligently planned, as to planting, as to harvesting, as to marketing, preserving and stor- ing. At this time, when savings of all sorts are necessary in order to pay for the war, we must try to choose the food crops that are most productive, most economical and most worth while for each individual home and table. The seed supply of next year must be carefully conserved. Those who can should save their own seed from their own gardens. Every one who takes care of himself in this particular affords some relief to the general strain. By concerted action in production and in conserving, we can not only support ourselves well, but c n care for our own army and for the women and children of t ose lands abroad which have been devastated by war. Patriotism can be most effectively shown by non-combatants by contributing to their own support and that of others. Uu. S. FOOD ADMINISTRATION O. R. GEYER New York A BROAD REVIEW OF THE COUNTRY-WIDE SPIRIT IN HOME GARDENS—WHAT “WAR GARDENS” REALLY MEAN MERGENCIES which have never arisen before in the history of the country, or in the world for that matter, have given an impetus to the “back-to-the-soil” movement in_ the cities and towns of the nation which will have an important effect in breaking down the Ger- man submarine blockade and staving off threatened famine. Of necessity the little back yard garden, which has been ignored by a majority of the busy world, has been placed upon a pedestal where it promises to stay. When the call to arms came this spring the army of home gardeners gained several million recruits, due to one of the most remark- able drives for increased food production in the history of the world. Innumerable old rusty hoes and rakes were brought out with the first days of warm weather, and as a result America will be approximately $100,000,000 richer this fall, according to estimates made by experts in the Department of Agriculture. Hundreds of thousands of acres of idle ground located in the cities and towns of the country have served a useful purpose this summer which will be felt the world around. At no time in history has it ever been recorded that such recognition has been given the back yard garden and the humble commuter and his small town cousin will have found themselves Many tine lawns of country estates were pressed into service this year and turned into productive areas. These two “‘before and after’? views of the lawn of Mr. G. C. Eastman, Rochester, N. Y. are but typical of what was the almost universal practice. 93 Grass succumbed to potatoes 94 “THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OctTroBeER, 191% valuable factors in winning America’s greatest war. Incidentally, as he lays down his hoe at the close of the season, the back yard gardener is finding out why it is that Amer- ica is the most wasteful nation on the face of the earth. This discovery is going to have its effect in giving stability to the ‘“‘back- to-the-garden”? movement brought on by the necessities of the times, and for this America may be truly thankful, even if the war does nothing else in a constructive way. This conversion of the American people into first rate gardeners may be said to be one of the few blessings the world war will bring to Amer- ica. Experts estimate that if the war does no- thing else for the average American family but to show i it how to become self supporting during the spring and summer months through its own back yard it will have paid off $7,000,000,000 of the war credit within the next fifty years. Putting it differently, America has been losing more than $100,000,000 annually because of its failure to interest its citizens in intensive gardening like that which has been practised in Europe for generations. The present boom in gardening promises to make history as well as to cut the cost of living for the average family. Surveys made several years ago in a number of large Western cities opened the eyes of many persons to the im- portance of the home garden movement as never before. In one city, Kansas City, Missouri, 1t was discovered that more than 20,000 acres of vacant lots were lying idle each summer when they might be converted into profitable gardens through the expenditure of a little time and money. Added to this were about 10,000 acres of back yards capable of supporting home gardens but which were allowed to lie unused. It was demonstrated conclusively that this waste land was sufficient to feed the population of the city during the summer months, pro- viding its citizens cared to go to the trouble of making use of the vacant lots and idle back yards. One can well imagine the results that would be brought about in the half hearted fight against the high cost of living if the city could be aroused to the need of cultivating and mak- ing use of these ideal garden plots. For one thing, it would release an equal number of acres of land used to grow garden produce for the city in the outlying country districts and in other sections of the country. Being self- supporting, Kansas City would not require long trains of freight cars to deliver its vege- tables and fresh fruits during the summer months. Therefore, these idle freight cars and railroad equipment could be used in hauling other products suffering because of the con- gestion of traffic. What was true of Kansas City a few years ago has been true of almost every city in the country, with very few exceptions. This accounts for the tremendous drive for in- creased garden acreages made by hundreds of American municipalities. By this drive many thousands of badly needed freight cars will be released for important duties other than the feeding of the population of the large cities. These ‘freight cars can be used advantageously in transporting war munitions and supplies, supporting the boys in khaki. It is in this manner that the garden movement promises to make itself felt around the world, for every week that America can save in equipping and transporting its expeditionary force to Europe will in proportion reduce the length of the war. Not only does gardening promise to hasten the end of the war, but it releases for foreign con- sumption thousands of tons of foods badly needed in other countries to avoid famine. For this and other reasons the average back yard gardener may well puff out his cheeks and strut with pride—he ts a valuable cog in the world’s greatest war machine. One of the most remarkable garden drives in the entire country has been in Des Moines, where a city of 100,000 was turned topsy- turvy in the interest of the movement to make the city self-supporting during the summer months. The city commissioners began their preparations for the garden drive weeks before the weather forecasters began to predict the arrival of spring. For one thing the city em- ployed a high salaried garden expert to take charge of the municipal garden movement. During the spring and summer months, at least, this office shadowed in importance all other municipal offices. The weeks that followed the employment of the garden supervisor were electric with garden news. Huge quantities of free garden seeds were obtained through congressmen and by purchases made under the authority of the city. These were given out without charge to any applicant who would promise to plant and cultivate a vacant lot or back yard garden, no matter how small. The call for free seeds was so great that the supply was exhausted several times, but the city faithfully made good its word and saw to it that every gardener who wanted them got his free seeds. The next movement was the making of a survey of the vacant lots and idle plots of ground in the city limits. Thousands of these unused lots, the majority of which had been preempted for dumping grounds or had been allowed to grow up in Hea. were found before the survey was concluded. Arrangements were made to utilize these vacant a. rent free, for gardening purposes, and the city saw to it that every applicant for garden space was supplied with a vacant lot located as near his home as possible. Before it was time for the first seeds to be into the ground 2,000 of these vacant lots had been claimed and were being cleared of trash and debris by am- bitious gardeners. The city commissioners then drafted an ordinance which made it pos- sible to seize and cultivate every vacant lot in the city not put to some useful purpose. The garden supervisor was instructed to seize and put under cultivation all vacant lots and un- used property on which weeds were found growing. ‘This added several hundred lots to the city’s garden acreage, as idle property owned byso called slackers was drafted for pub- lic service. Theowner did not share in the pro- fitsaccruing from the utilization of his property in such cases, for he was allowed no rent. The protecting hand of municipal authority was extended still further when the com- missioners passed an ordinance, or rescued an old statute, making it possible for gardeners harassed by their neighbors’ poultry or live stock to make short shift of any offenders caught destroying garden property. Persons who had been in the habit of making short cuts through vacant lots found the law’s stern hand pointing out the sidewalk for them, gar- den property of this sort being inviolate. Estimates made early in the season indicated that a total of nearly 5,000 new gardens had been added to the cultivated area within the city limits as the result of the agitation for a greater interest in gardening. What is true of Des Moines is true of a hundred other of the larger cities of the country, so that one may readily understand the dollars and cents value of the “‘back-to-the-garden”” movement in America. In hundreds of localities school children were dismissed from school days and even weeks earlier than the close of the school year in order that the boys and girls might help in planting gardens. Boy scouts and girl scouts were drafted for garden work in hundreds of communities, although it must be said to their credit that drafting in the strict sense of the word was unnecessary. Not only did the schools and municipalities take an active part in launching the garden movement, but thousands of corporations and business houses became aggressive advocates of the garden movement. Almost every railroad of im- portance had opened its right of way for the cultivation of garden and farm crops by early spring, releasing many thousands of acres of idle land for this useful purpose. Almost all these railroads encouraged their employees to plant gardens on this or other idle railroad property, with the result that thousands of families who otherwise would have been without the ground needed for a home garden were supplied with all the ground they could possibly take care of. In many instances free seeds were supplied to needy employees. What the railroads have done for their employees they have done for the general public in an even larger measure. With few exceptions all the great western railroad systems have opened their right of way property to the cultivation of farm and garden crops. For the most part no charge is made for this ground, although one railroad does charge $5 for each lease, no matter how large. This road has thousands of acres of alfalfa planted along its right of way. Near every large city hundreds of garden plots may be found on railroad property of this sort. Great corporations and important business firms of the nation have shown their patriot- ism by encouraging the garden movement among their employees. One such corporation which has erected scores of model tene- ments for its workers, not only supplied the ground and the seed, but offered cash prizes for the best gardens in order to encourage an in- terest in this work among its employees. The result was most beneficial for several hundred little gardens blossomed out in new places during the spring. Thousands of firms have provided free seeds, given their employees half holidays or taken other steps to put the stamp of their approval on garden work. One of the most active forces in the drive for more gardens has been the organized woman- hood of the nation. Women’s clubs and or- ganizations in every state and community have taken an active interest in the garden campaign by planting gardens themselves, and encouraging children to plant gardens, and have offered cash prizes amounting to many thousands of dollars for the best gardens. This work has been carried on as a part of the thrift campaign in which the services of the nation’s women have been urgently required. One of the best examples of what has been dene to enlist the boys and girls in garden work is found in Lincoln, Nebraska, the model school garden town of the country. Ap- proximately 5,000 school children were en- gaged in cultivating home and school gardens under the supervision of the school authorities, codperating with the federal authorities in developing the school garden plan to its greatest possible perfection. For several years the children have culti- vated school gardens as well as home gar- dens. Whole schools are engaged in the garden campaign, and each room has its own plot of ground to cultivate and maintain. pe a oe te Sat Se OcToBER, 1917 This work is, of course, done during the vacation season, but it is very seldom that volunteers must be called in to work a ne- glected garden. Prizes are offered each season for the best gardens, and in some schools the children are paid for their work in cash or receive a certain share of the vegetables they grow. The surplus crops are sold through the agency of the children’s market established on a prominent downtown corner, where the children gather each Saturday morning to sell the produce raised in the school and home gardens. Canning demonstrations are held each. Saturday afternoon and the left over vegetables are thus saved for future use. The interest in the home gardens is equally keen, owing to the inducements offered for making vacation money. Vegetables not re- quired for the family use are sold on the mar- ket, and many of the children make from $50 to $200 for their season’s garden work. The BECAUSE, hitherto, we have not taken the garden as seriously as its economic importance deserves we have, as a people, overlooked many fall planting possibili- ties for food crops. The season of next spring’s fresh vegetables may be hastened — by sowing seeds of hardy vegetables this fall! While fall sowing of vegetable seeds may be unusual in northern sections, yet, it is thor- oughly practical, as nature herself proves to us each spring. Here and there, chance seedlings will appear in the garden, long before the Help the géneral food conservation plans by storing even a few beets and carrots in boxes of sand gardener can sow seeds—the result of some seeds blown about the preceding fall and prop- erly stored by nature. The vegetables adapted to fall sowing are carrot, lettuce, mustard, smooth-seeded peas, radish, spinach, and turnip. The one im- portant point to watch is not to sow the seeds until cold weather has come to stay. However, October is the month in which to prepare the ground. It should be well fer- tilized (manure, humus, or artificial fertilizer), deeply dug, thoroughly raked and put in the identical condition as though spring garden making time were here. Where humus or commercial fertilizer is used, it should be raked into the surface rather than to be spaded deeply into the ground. Then wait for freeing weather and just be- fore the ground freezes hard, sow seeds as usual, cover as usual, and fee nature take its course. It happens sometimes that a belated Root crops may be ent insphagnum moss and brought indoors to keep profits returned by some of the school gardens are equally high, often reaching $2,000. Cash prizes are awarded for home garden work in each school district in the city. PRESENT SOWING FOR EXTRA EARLY CROPS warm spell (Indian summer) causes some of the seeds to sprout and seedlings will appear. But little is lost if subsequent frosts destroy them. Spinach will often make a good growth, sown even very late in the fall. But since it is an exceptionally hardy vegetable it is easily car- ried through the winter under the slight pro- tection of a four-inch cover of strawy manure or hay or dry leaves. Rather deep covering 15 advisable with all fall sown seeds because the alternate freezing and thawing of the soil causes the seeds to work to- ward the surface anyway. Since all the vegetables sown this fall will mature in early spring, it is essential, of course, to sow extra early varieties, examples of which are given herewith. These are se- lected ‘as illustrative types, and other equally early varieties may be substituted. Carrots, Early Scarlet Horn, Oxheart, and Chantenay, all serve the purpose well. They mature in the order here mentioned and will beat the spring sown product by a good two weeks. Sow the seeds thinly, in rows, about 18 inches apart. Cover about one half inch deep in light soil, one fourth inch in heavy soil. Lettuce, Black Seeded Simpson, May King and Prizehead are unsurpassed for fall sowing. All three will stand disagreeable spring weather. May King, fall sown, will form small, but tightly folded heads early in June, when spring-sown plants are just developing the larger leaves. Lettuce seeds may be sown in a manner similar to carrots. Mustard, Fordhook Fancy and Elephant Ear thrive both perfectly during the very early spring and may be enjoyed over a longer period (in combination with spinach) because the cool weather retards their going to seed. Peas, of the smooth seeded sorts only, are Pedigree Extra Early, Prolific Early Market, and Alaska. The last named sort, while of poor quality, 1s the most easily procurable. What Mr. Geo. W. Kerr says in last month’s GarDEN Macazine about fall sowing of Sweet Peas is equally adapted to culinary peas. Sow them in single rows, 18 inches apart, or in double rows 2 feet apart. Radishes are surpassed only by spinach in their adaptability for fall sowing. Proof of this: more chance seedlings of radish turn up in the average garden every spring than of any THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 95 The Lincoln plan was declared the model of its kind a few years ago by the federal gov- ernment and Lincoln was made the headquar- ters for the western end of the school and home garden movement. A new department of garden activity, known as the commercial gar- ae work, has been added, and hundreds of boys and girls have enlisted in this work each year. This year the number was greatly in- creased. Children engaged in this department of gardening activity are interested in the com- mercial side of gardening exclusively. They are shown how to engage in the garden business at a proft, and the earnings of some of the boys and girls who engage in this work in a serious way often amount to more than $100 for a few weeks’ work. Widespread adoption of the Lincoln plan might be worth con- sidering as a means of creating a permanent interest in gardening work in all large cities of the country. other vegetable. Scarlet Turnip White Tip, Rosy Gem, and Scarlet Globe are sorts that will be of edible size when roots from spring sown seeds have not outgrown the seedling stage. Sow like carrots or let- tuce, or broadcast like spinach. Spinach, Prickly Seeded Winter is the best for sections where winters. are very severe. Its arrow-shaped foliage does not give frost a very large surface to work on. Long Season (or Triumph) is a very much fleshier sort that requires longer to reach good size. Sow either in rows, like carrots, or scatter the seeds broadly in beds, raking seeds carefully into the soil. Turnips, either the Early White or Early Purple Top Milan perfect handsome, flat roots, very early in the spring. Sow thinly, in rows, 12 to 18 inches apart, cover one fourth inch deep. Vegetables from Bulbs or Roots Onions. There is also opportunity to set out Perennial Winter or Egyptian Tree Onions, also Multipliers and Potato Onion sets. All must be planted in the fall. If kept out of the ground over winter, they shrivel badly and are apt to rot after planting. These onions Before the root vegetables are put into the storage pit or box cut off the leafy tops, but not the root tips 96 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OcTosBeER, 1917 will furnish both green “scallions” as well as large onions, long before either may be grown from seeds or common sets. Asparagus, rhubarb, and horse radish may still be planted and a year’s time be gained in having them large enough for use. Remember that asparagus should not be cut for at least one year after two-year-old roots are planted, and for two years if one-year-old roots are used. ©The same may be suggested for rhubarb. Horse radish planted now will be ready for digging next fall. Enjoy these Delicacies at Christmas "TOWARD the end of the month (after the frost has killed the tops) go into your gar- den and dig up one of the largest clumps of rhubarb. Bring it into the cellar, place in bottom of a barrel and move within 10 feet of furnace. Within a few weeks you will be able ‘to cut long, pink sprouts that will make the most delicious sauce. Of course, doing this means the complete sacrifice of the clump which will have all the life “forced” out of it before spring. Witloof chicory roots should be dug this month, tops cut back to within an inch of crown of plant and set out again in boxes in the % WHEN a compost pile is not desired much of the GARDEN DEBRIS may be used for mulching the perennial crops such as asparagus, strawberries, _ blackberries, rhubarb, and fruit trees provided that the material is not infested with insect or fungous enemies. In that case better place it on a pile of dry rubbish—pea sticks, for instance —and burn it without delay. Weeds that are so nearly mature that their seeds would prove a menace to future crops may be burned —but there should be no such weeds, only younger ones. . % BE sure to save all ASHES FROM BONFIRES because they are rich in potash which in these days is almost beyond price so far as garden- ing is concerned. They may be scattered on the garden soon as made without danger of loss because potash is “fixed” in the soil. Hence potash in any form may be applied in the fall, so may phosphoric acid. Not so nitrogen, especially in the formof nitrateof soda and sulphate of ammonia, because being highly soluble it will be washed out of reach of the plant roots unless the ground is well hidden by a cover crop at the time. Use such soluble fertilizers in the spring as a rule and their effects will be more noticeable and satisfac- tory. %& To PREVENT NEWLY SET AND SMALL FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES from being whipped about and loosened by the wind tramp the soil firmly about their bases, piling it up several inches and tramping again. Then drive a stout stake on the side opposite the prevailing wind and tie the tree to it, first passing the tying material, preferably a broad band of burlap, around the tree at least once so tree and stake won't rub at the point tied. The ad- vantage of having the stake on the leeward side is that the sawing of the bandage will be prevented and the stake will support the tree at more‘than one point. Stakes should be driven in the ground at least two feet and ex- tend above four to six. % It’s an easy matter to get new plants of BLACKCAP RASPBERRIES. Just let the stems cellar. The boxes in which to grow this de- licious vegetable must be deep enough to hold the roots in an upright position (8 to 10 inches) besides allowing a covering of six or eight ad- ditional inches of sand or light soil, through which the sprout should push, to be of choicest quality. Dig up a couple of roots of parsley, trim slightly, cut back top to within an inch of crown, saving the delicate centre sprouts, how- ever. Plant two or three of these roots in a six inch pot and keep in a sunny window in the living room. It will supply garnishing. Taking Care of the Root Crops HARDINESS (or lack of it) is the de- termining factor in handling the root crops this month. Beets, carrots, celeriac, kohl- rabi, winter radishes, turnips and rutabagas must be harvested before heavy frosts become the rule, as should also onions and _ leeks, though these two really do not belong among the root crops, proper. On the other hand, parsnips and salsify may remain in the open ground all winter, pro- tected just sufficiently to make easy access to the rows possible whenever a supply of roots is wanted. ORDERS OF THE DAY grow as long as they wish, but to reduce this length somewhat bend them over without Save the last green tomatoes by picking after the frost kills the vines. Wrap in paper and put in cellar to ripen Beets, carrots, etc., may either be stored in pits in the garden, or in boxes with dry sand or soil in a frost proof cellar. In any case, see that the roots are in first-class condition, free from blemishes, bruises or defects caused by chewing insects—roots of that kind are apt to rot and will infect the others. Root crops stored outdoors must have well- drained pits, so that any seepage of water during the winter does not spoil the bottom layers. Several inches of coal ashes or cinders spread all over bottom of pit, will serve the purpose well. Spread the sound roots over this in layers and cover with from 2 to 4 inches of soil at first. As the weather gets colder, add more soil and, eventually, some straw or mats, kept in place by boards. Cellar-stored roots may be packed in barrels or boxes, like potatoes, for instance. When small individual boxes are resorted to for the different kinds of roots, put an inch layer of dry soil or sand in bottom of each; then place roots on top of that, filling space between with more soil. Then follow with alternating lay- ers of roots and soil until box is nearly full, when it should be topped with soil. All root- crops will keep well if handled in this fashion and if kept away from heat and light. damaging them and let the tips touch the ground. When they do touch, fasten them so the wind will not whip them about. In a couple of weeks these tips may have formed roots and the buds near the ends may have begun to develop shoots which in due time and with similar pegging will take root. Leave them alone until next spring unless you put a little mulch on them for the winter. But don’t attempt to trans- plant them in the fall; they don’t do as well as when spring planted—too many die. When severing them avoid cutting off too much of the parent stem. % Tuose big, old stems in the CURRANT AND GOOSEBERRY busheshad betterbecutout. They have borne now for four years and the fruit is becoming inferior. “They choke the younger proportionately more productive stems. Moreover, they are a menace to the balance of the plant because being on the wane they at- tract insects and diseases. As soon as the fruit has been gathered they may be cut out piece- meal if necessary to avoid damage to the bal- ance of the bush. As to the spindly little stems that are beginning to form a thicket, better wait till spring to cut them out; their foliage will help strengthen the balance of the plant. % Rose cwarers or beetles are pretty nearly the recognized “limit” of bug pests. Un- til a year or two agothey were believed to thrive upon kerosene and arsenates and to have such resilience that a two hundred pound man as an upper millstone and a concrete pavement as the nether were necessary to put them out of effective business. These are the inch-long bronzy olive awkward leggy beetles so common on grapes, roses, cherries, apples, raspberries, etc., ad.libitum. Much can be done to re- duce the number of beetles, which prefer sandy soil in which to lay their eggs, by destroying grasses on which the larvae feed from mid- summer till fall and again during the latter part of May—three times a week apart. From November till midspring the creatures are too far below the surface to be reached by tillage tools. At least some of the space in the greenhouse may be utilized for vegetables. Side bench planted with lettuce and cauliflower Food From the Greenhouse This Winter ™: §.,cRA'G Massachusetts CONSTANT SUPPLY OF FRESH VEGETABLES TILL SPRING COMES ROUND AGAIN—WHAT CAN EVEN BE DONE OT ONLY must we of America plant bigger acreages but we must learn to crop them more intensively. To assist in food production (and [am referring now more particularly to vegetables) greater use must be made of greenhouses; we are aware that commercially the growing of lettuces, cucumbers, tomatoes, beets, radishes and one or two other vegetables is an important industry; we also know that on the majority of the larger private estates a greater area will probably be devoted to them the coming season, but are there not many thousands of Tomatoes demand a higher temperature than the ordinary vegetables and hand pollination IN A COOL CONSERVATORY amateurs, who either have or could afford to have a greenhouse of modest dimensions which could be devoted to winter or spring vegeta- bles, and which could at the same time be utilized to start vegetable and flower plants for the garden? When traveling through Great Britain, Americans are impressed by the numerous small greenhouses owned by suburbanite com- muters, to say nothing of those to be found about the allotment gardens and owned by working men. After three years of war few of these greenhouses are closed and in fact, the gov- ernment looks with disfavor on any thought of reducing the greenhouse interest, realizing that the structures can be utilized to greatly augment food supplies. Those in our own country who operate greenhouses should continue to do so, and so increase the output of useful food crops and not from false ideas of “economy” or “patriotic” reasons tell us that they purpose to “shut down for the duration of the war!” War time is the time to produce all possible vegetables from under glass and not a few people are now building greenhouses adaptable to their culture, and which can later on be utilized for flowers. In time of war we should prepare for peace, and a greenhouse built now will prove a good investment. The owner of a greenhouse has manifold advantages over the man who has to start plants in the home or even in a cold frame. Plants can be grown earlier and of a better quality, ensuring earlier returns. The type of house must depend on the means of the owner. An even span structure is usually the most economical and practical. Greenhouse builders are always ready to build houses which will not prove a blot on the land- scape, which can be easily and economically 97 heated and cared for, and which will prove a source of pleasure to the owner. CROPS THAT COMBINE But what crops can the ordinary person grow in a greenhouse? They are many, but we will look only to the more important. A few (such as string beans, tomatoes, and cu- cumbers) require a minimum temperature of 58 degrees to 60 degrees in winter and unless a special warm division is reserved in the house it is much better to grow spring or early- summer crops of these. Vegetables needing Use the space under the bench for forcing seakale rhubarb, asparagus, etc. 98 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE ““OlcroDER: 19/17 cooler treatment are lettuce, endive, cauli- flower, beet, carrot, pea, spinach, water-cress, mustard, cress, radish, parsley, mint, and chives. These will do well in a night temperature of 45-50 degrees. USING UP ODD SPACE Additional crops which can be grown below the benches include mushrooms, chicory, as- paragus, and rhubarb. The mushrooms will do very well in a cool house, provided the beds are protected from drip and darkened. The asparagus and rhubarb roots succeed well on the floor at the warmest end of the house, the rhubarb and chicory should be darkened for best results. Asparagus roots can be dug from the garden for forcing or bought from a specialist in vegetable roots for forcing. Sev- eral batches can be started during the winter, the earliest can go in about November 2oth. Simply cover the roots with soil and keep well watered. Asparagus can be cut in two to three weeks from planting and can be cut from profitably for four or five weeks. Then start another lot of roots. Soil for the Benches UP a mixture of fgarden loam (pasture loam if you have it) and well rotted man- ure, two parts of the former to one part of the latter. Mix thoroughly and leave the rougher portions at the bottom of the benches. The loam must be well enriched, as you will want to plant two, or possibly three, crops in it dur- ing the year. Cow manure is specially good for light soil, horse manure for heavier loam. Lettuces do best in light soil and the heading varieties like May King and Hittinger’s Bel- mont must have it; the leafy kinds succeed well in heavy soil. The crop requires from 10 to 18 weeks to mature from seed according to the season. The young plants should be transplanted into flats before being placed in the benches, 8 to 10 inches apart each way. Special care is needed in watering. The large market growers who have solid beds soak well at planting time and this usually carries the crop to maturity if the soil is stirred from time to time. A lettuce crop planted before Sep- tember 15th will be headed up by Thanks- giving. Ifa further batch of young plants is then ready, they will come in about the end of February; before planting second crops the soil must be well forked over and some addi- tional rotted manure or pulverized sheep manure added. Too much water will cause both rot and sun scald on greenhouse lettuces. Radishes mature in from 24 to 40 days ac- cording to the season. Scarlet Globe and Forcing Deep Scarlet Turnip are desirable var- ieties. Beets and Carrots are better not started until the end of January, at which time a sowing of French Scarlet Horn Carrot can be made. Sow the carrots where they are to mature, they do not transplant as well as beets. Crosby’s Egyptian Turnip Beet is un- excelled for indoor culture. Seed can be sown and seedlings pricked out in the bench 3 to 4 inches apart. Both roots and foliage make good food. Peas. Do you want a late crop of peas? Then sow a row of Buttercup, Little Marvel, or Nott’s Excelsior now. Outdoors they will mildew when sown late, indoors they will not. Then again with a greenhouse you can make a sowing in January or even February and have a crop long before the outdoor ones. Give them good soil, supports, a little water and feed well and you will be agreeably surprised at the picking you will get from a small space. String Beans succeed only in a warm house through the cold winter months, but a sowing made before September 15th will give a pick- ing in about 50 days. Wonder of France, Abundance, and Triumph-of-the-Frames are splendid indoor varieties. Sowings in a warm division can be made right through the winter and in 8-inch pots splendid crops may be had, but early in April they can be sown in the cool house and such a sowing will long precede those made in the open, and greenhouse beans, as indeed other vegetables have a delicate and delicious flavor. Greenhouse cauliflowers are vastly superior to such as are grown outdoors where they are often subjected to severe droughts. Make a sowing of Kronks Perfection Forcing Erfurt in November. These will give nice heads toward the end of March. Sown at Christmas heads will be ready from the middle of April on- ward. Cauliflowers need a rich soil and an abundant water supply; as the heads appear break a couple of leaves over them to keep them white. Allow plants 12 x 15 inches space. A few roots of parsley, mint, and chives along the edging of the bench will prove useful. Spinach. A sowing of Victoria at the cool end of the house will give a picking of leaves for a long time. After April Ist a sowing of New Zealand Spinach will come along rapidly and if you can give it 55 degrees at night you can sow about the end of September and have abundant picking all winter long. What Not to Do } i ‘HE average small grower would be well advised not to endeavor to fruit tomatoes and cucumbers in winter, but by sowing at Christmas a fine spring crop may be had. Tomatoes need a drier atmosphere than cu- cumbers and it would be better not to grow the two together. Allow tomatoes 18 inches apart in the row, train to a single stem, rub- bing off all side laterals and shortening back the leaves a little, hand pollination of the flowers until April will ensure a better set. Splendid greenhouse varieties are Stirling Castle, Comet, Lister’s Prolific and Carter’s Sunrise. The English frame cucumber of which Im- proved Telegraph and Rockford are good types will be found very prolific; plants when fruiting need copious water supplies and liberal appli- cations of liquid manure if long handsome fruits are wanted. Various Salads OWINGS of white mustard and curled cress may be made at frequent intervals where these are liked in salads. Sow the seeds broadcast and very thickly and do not cover at all. Water freely and cut before the plants make rough leaves; then stir up the ground and sow again. W ater cress can be grown in the cool end of the house, it does not need to be grown in water, but will thrive so long as it has an abundant supply of moisture at the roots. Do not forget that valuable crops may be grown below as well as above the benches and the space can be used for water cress. Where Mushrooms Will Grow WG LSE OE will do well in a tempera- ture as low as 45 to 50 degrees at night, provided the beds are made below the benches where there are no heating pipes. It is as use- less to plant them near heating pipes as in a dry, furnace-heated cellar. Fresh horse manure with one fourth as much loam added and well mixed and turned over un- til the rank heat has subsided must be used. Dampen the manure if at all dry, when made up it should be just moist enough to squeeze to- gether without exuding water. Make the beds 9 inches thick, pound or tramp very hard. When the heat subsides to 90 degrees spawn a foot apart, each way, using pieces of spawn the size of an English walnut, do not press the manure heavily over these pieces of spawn for 8 to 10 days. Then firm the whole bed well, cover with two inches of loam, frm again and leave alone until mushrooms appear which may be as early as 4 weeks but will average 6 to 7 weeks. But don’t get down- hearted even then if nothing appears as occasionally mushrooms will come abundantly after 12 to 15 weeks. They will crop profit- ably for 10 to 12 weeks and after that the manure can be used as a mulch on the benches or for incorporating with the soil. Summer Use of the House ix GREENHOUSE devoted to vegetables need never be empty, even through the summer, as crops of cucumbers, tomatoes and muskmelons will succeed finely in them until it is time to clear them out for the next season’s planting of winter crops. Other crops than those named can be grown under glass and the house can be used efh- ciently to start seveet corn, lima beans, egg plants, peppers, okra, tomatoes, melons, onions, celery, cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, which will yield much sooner than if started in the garden. General Attention to Pests UMIGATION once a week with nico- fume paper or one of the nicotine ex- tracts evaporated will keep aphides and other pestsin check. Spraying with nicotine is not to be recommended for vegetable crops indoors. A soap spray will help control white fly. For red spider, which comes with a too arid atmos- phere, force of water from the hose or garden pump is the best remedy. Carefully pick off any leaf-eating caterpillars and lay a poisoned mash for cutworms. For mice try a little white arsenic mixed with burnt meal and slightly moistened. Don’t get discouraged because a few pests appear. here would be less charm in grow- ing crops if there were no foes to fight nor diseases to combat. These may sometimes give us a bad quarter of an hour, but if it were all plain sailing we would lose our alertness and watchful care and crops would be less bountiful than they are to-day. Color of Pansies and Hot Weather.—I[ suppose that other people must have observed that yellow Pansies will blossom all summer, while blue and violet ones will stop off as soon as the steady warm weather sets in. I had envied a friend this season and last because in his garden the Pansies are as bright (though not quite as large), at the end of August as they were in the Spring, while mine died down early in July. Then it came to me that mine were mostly dark colors, while the others were all yellow. I also remembered that it was the same last summer, though both plots were changed, except that the colors had not been. What is the philosophy of this? And how can one handle the Pansy so that all the colors will thrive in hot weather? I recall more than one plot of yellow ones that are now in full bloom, but none of the darker colors.—/ohn W. Chamberlin, Buffalo, N. Y. OctToBER, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 99 A GREAT OPPORTUNITY From present indications (September 17th) it appears that the intending planter of Holland Bulbs, Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, etc., will be grievously disappointed this Fall. None of these bulbs, which usually arrive here in late August has yet appeared, and while it is claimed that one bulb steamer sailed before the embargo was placed, there is no further definite news of it, and one report has this steamer recalled. At best, this country will receive but a portion of its usual allotment if any, and planted late as they must necessarily be, the planter’s success will be in diminishing measure. . Your beds being ready, why not plant this Fall at least a few modern Peonies, and by planting PETERSON’s PERFECT PEoNIES (acknowledged the world’s standard) from now un- til the ground freezes, you will be assured of having a splen- did display of superb flowers early next summer. And if you place these in your permanent bulb beds, they may be safely transplanted next Fall if desired. And, too, unlike Holland Bulbs, they will not “run out,’ but will con- tinue to increase year after year. See my advertisement on following page George H. Peterson Rose & Peony Specialist Fair Lawn New Jersey as Seer EE Cars MAKE EVERY FOOT OF GROUND Really Truly Specialists There are lots of POOR Peonies; why not have the benefit of really expert advice? Our fame is nation= wide. “Most everybody everywhere knows of the ABSOLUTE SUPREMACY of our Peonies. Do you? One of the REASONS is because WE GROW PEONIES —NOTHING ELSE Suspicions of the other reasons will be awakened by our catalogue. Instant confirmation of them if you could visit our grounds and see the plants growing— thestockwesend to you. Ask those who have been here “(OUR REPUTATION HAS BEEN BUILT ON THE QUALITY OF OUR STOCK” DISTINCTIVE CATALOGUE TO YOU MOHICAN PEONY GARDENS BOX 300, SINKING SPRING, PENN’A. e e HELP TO FEED THE NATION | Hoopes’ Bobbink © Atkins | If sie rol is to ie kept from Sanne ' Specialties Ge: every foot of ground must return its full | -> World: i] value. If you have only a few square feet ( for the 500 ACRES se j eS 2 LOSOSO cee | of ground plant a fruit tree; if you can set | Home Fruit OF NURSERY : Choicest UNDER GLASS i an acre or more, do so. Garden \ A vegetable garden is good, but it must be made new every season. A fruit garden is best, for it will produce year after year. A Fruit Garden Started This Fall Will Help The Future Food Supply Every fruit tree you plant is a Liberty Bond for you and your country. It will help to keep all of us from suffering the pangs of hunger. presents the — select fruits for American gardens and orchards. Send to-day for a copy; plan your fruit garden now. eae BE AN Le ba heat a | Fe a e i a Plant in the Autumn: This is the most pertinent advice a nurseryman can give his customers. It should be printed in letters 10 feet high. Nature prepares herself well in advance. She plants in the Autumn and so is ready for the first warm rains of Spring. You can’t improve on Nature. Plant in the Autumn and you will save time and money and secure better results. Weather, soil, labor conditions and prices are right—NOW. Take advantage of natural conditions and always buy where variety and stock are abundant. Thus you will secure selected quality, and your plantings will always please and satisfy. Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Company 45 Maple Avenue West Chester Penna. Our salesman who may be in your vicinity, will help you in your plans. Ask him, or write to us Visit our Nurseries—only 8 miles from New York. Catalogue of Autumn plantings on request. Rutherford, New Jersey Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing — and we will, too. 100 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE itsta Lalcabeat! a Hobby of Mine’ HIS will be my last opportunity to talk'to you this year on a sub- ject that has been dear to me for twenty-three years, and in which I am to-day more deeply interested than ever—thé Peony. Each Spring so many people express their regrets to me because they allowed the previous Fall to go by without making a peony planting. I feel, therefore, that I cannot let this month go by without a final reminder while there is yet plenty of time to plant, since I consider early Octo- ber the very best time of all. As a matter of fact, I do none of my own planting until after mid-October, and wherever exhibited, my flowers usually take most of the first prizes. My appeal to you on behalf of the Peony is not merely a business one. We already have the largest and most select peony business in this country, if not in | the world, and with a barrel of flour in the larder, coal in the cellar and a Berkshire hog (thanks to a fellow peony enthusiast) fattening for Christmas, why should I care? If you knew the Peony as I know it, you would love it as I love it. The brush of a Corot, master of colors as he was, would falter before the modern Peony’s wondrous range and delicacy of shades. De Longpre, the greatest flower painter of our time, threw down his brush in despair as he failed to catch the elusive tints—the won- drous sheen of the Peony. And who can drink in the delicious per- fume of to-day’s varieties without wonder- ing what a Roger & Gallét—a Colgate, would give to match what Nature gives us so freely in the Peony. And speaking of Nature, did you ever stop to think how you and Nature working hand in hand can produce living pictures of beauty, such as no Rubens, no Corot, no Angelo ever achieved? A very dear old lady, who herself gave most freely of her time and wealth to the betterment of humanity, once asked me if I realized how my own efforts were making | mankind happier and more blessed. passes—opportunity slips _ by. Send to- Time Soon it will be a year too late. day for a free copy of “The Flower Beautiful” which tells you the whole story. George H. Peterson Rose and Peony Specialist Box 50 Fair Lawn, New Jersey *This advertisement appeared one year ago in the Garden Magazine and is repeated by request. It brought forth a good deal of fa- vorable comment, both from the publishers of this magazine and from many advertising men in general. If a problem grows in your garden write to the Readers’ Service for assistance High Pressure Vegetable Gardening HIS idea isn’t mine. [I stole it, but hav- ing proved it out [’d like to pass it on. It’s about the best way that I know of for getting three crops of staple vegetables a year from the same land: Not far from Philadelphia, there is a little truck farm that bears all the earmarks of Pennsylvania ‘Dutch ownership. Two years ago there was on that farm a field that was working as only a natural born gardener can make his fields work. This field was producing, continuously and in succession, crops of peas, potatoes, and sweet corn. I had only an instant glimpse of the field as I sped by on the car but I saw enough to convince me that it was a good scheme and I resolved to try it. Our garden has to work as hard as any in existence for a garden with us is not some ground to play with or on which to carry on nice little experiments but a piece of land that must be made to produce its maximum quan- tity of foodstuffs. Ona portion of it, sixty by seventy-five feet in size, we planted on April 3, Prolific Early Market Peas in rows four feet apart. About the middle of May, when the peas were well along toward bearing, Irish Cobbler potatoes were planted between the rows of peas. By the last week in June the peas were practically done bearing and were removed. In their place, after all the weeds had been cleaned out, White Plume celery plants were set out. At that time the potato plants were blooming and their leafy growth helped to keep the hot sun from striking directly on the young celery plants. Celery was substituted for sweet corn in the original scheme because it yielded a greater profit from a given area and was better suited to our conditions. As the celery grew the potato plants gradually died down until the first week in September when the potatoes were dug and the ground between the celery rows smoothed up, some of it being banked up against the celery. Most of the celery was left in the ground until November 1, when it was lifted and stored. Under the “Dutch” method our garden produced forty pecks of peas valued at 50 cents a peck, twenty-two bushels of potatoes valued at $1.75 a bushel, and seventy-five dozen bunches of celery valued at 50 cents a bunch. In producing this $96.00 worth of vegetables the expenses, of course, ran higher than if only one crop had been grown. It required more seeds and plants and more labor, and we had to use more manure in preparation and more fertilizer for the crops themselves. If it had not been for the 200 pounds of 4-10-1 fertilizer, costing $5.00, our try at intensive gardening would have been a dismal failure for we know by experience that it is impossible to get constantly good crops from our garden unless we feed the soil sufficiently. We didn’t keep an exact account of what our garden cost us but the largest estimate that we have been able to make is $45.00, which includes our labor and leaves us $51.00 to declare dividends with. Our season, six to seven months from freeze to freeze, is just barely long enough to allow us to get three big crops a year from our garden. Modifications in the crops to suit other soils and other climates would of course have to be made if the “Dutch” system was tried in other sections of the country. Morgantown, W. Virginia, R. E. ALLEN. OcToBER, 1917 HOLLAND BULBS Darwin, Cottage and Early Tulips, Hyacinths, Narcissi, Crocuses, etc., of exceptionally fine quality Order early while assortment is complete PEONIES Best varieties in strong clumps PHLOX AND IRIS in Vigorous, Field-Grown plants New and choice sorts It is planting time now. Send ta-day for our catalogue FRANKEN BROTHERS, _ Deerfield, Ill. HE most complete stock of hardy plants in America. Illus- trated catalog of hardy plants, shrubs, trees and bulbs sent free on request. ELLIOTT NURSERY COMPANY 326 Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. ATR DOUBLES GARDEN CROPS Saves them from drought loss. Ab- solutely dotherless. Special sprink- lers for lawns. Send for booklet. THE SKINNER IRRIGATION CO. 219 Water Street roy, Ohio KINNER YSTEM —e eee OF IRRIGATION OF ALPINES AND ROCK PLANTS from the rugged slopes of the Rocky Mountains will con- dense more joy into a small space than any other style of Fall Gar- dening. The list includes rare and choice varieties of Anemone, Co- lumbine, Clematis, Delphinium, Gentian, Evening Primrose, Pentstemon, Yucca, Hardy Cacti, and many others not commonly cultivated, all hardy and easily grown. Besides native plants, we grow and catalogue all the best orna- mentals for the Northwest, in- cluding trees, shrubs, evergreens and hardy flowers. Either cata- logue free. Rockmont Nursery, Boulder, Colo. A COLORADO GARDEN DUTCH BULBS are coming! The Quality of “Diamond Brand” Bulbs of 1917 crop promises to be superfine! Weare not so sure about the Quantity, but hope enough will reach us to go around. | D O To popularize the giant-flower- Special Offer :—in. DARWIN TULIPS we will mail 12 blooming bulbs each of CLARA BUTT, clear salmon pink, PRIDE OF HAARLEM, deep rose shaded scarlet and GRETCHEN, very light salmon, $1 36 fine bulbs in all, postpaid for,................. FREE:—Treasures of Bulbland describes the choicest Hyacinths, Tulips, Daffodils, etc. Delivery in September. Write for your copy TO-DAY. NETHERLAND BULB CO., 32 Broadway, N. Y. 7 OctToBER,. 1917 THEY GyAlk DEIN MAGAZINE 101 10 Sexe? Tulips fonabe Try this test collection and see what beautiful and stately varieties we have in this new class of Tulips, that grow 3 to 4 feet tall with enormous blossoms of the most wonderful colors. 10 large bulbs, 10 sorts named, mailed for 25 cents Our Big Fall Catalogue Free Allthe best Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, Crocus, Lilies, Iris and other hardy bulbs. Also Perennial Plants, Shrubs, Vines, Small Fruits and beautiful window plants for winter blooming. Over 30 exquisite varie- ties of Boston Ferns. JOHN L Fraser’s Ready-to-Bear FRUIT TREES Dwarf Apples, 9 year old, $15 each. Four years old Apples, Pears, Plums, and Cherries, $1.50 to $2.00 each. Plant them this fall; gather fruit two years from now. If you want younger trees write for our catalogue. Samuel Fraser Nursery, Inc. 173 Main Street, Geneseo, New York FROST CAN’T STOP A BRAVE GARDEN It goes on green and growing Fall, Winter and Spring, if it is properly equipped with A Cold-Frame or a Hot-Bed, or both, at a small cost will hold your plants safe and give you profits worth while and pleasure unlimited. Double Glazed Sash are best, but we carry single glazed also. A Small, Ready-made Sunlight Greenhouse will give you the added advantage of working indoors. These also are double-glazed or single-glazed at your option. Beneh House WRITE FOR CATALOGUE AT ONCE IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT ALWAYS SUNLIGHT DOUBLE GLASS SASH CO. 927 East Broadway Louisville, Ky. Sunken Path House | Maneuag nite ys oA SURES INURE x With a planting of carefully selected Iris and Phlox your garden will be a mass of glowing color from June to October. The Iris with its marvelous tints and markings will be the first perennial to welcome summer with opening flowers. After it has given you a spring-ful of joy the gorgeous Phlox bursts forth to ® claim your admiration. Many delightful colors are shown by the different varieties, and if the proper sorts are selected, you may have a succession of bloom until October. As it is important that both Iris and Phlox should be planted in fall, we are making special offers of several choice sorts of each. New England Iris Collection Cromwell Phlox Collection Each : Each Maori King, gold and crimson 20 cts. Baron von Dedem, intense scarlet 20 cts. Mme. Chereau, white and bli> 15 cts. Eiffel Tower, cherry pink auiaes Amas, rich blue and violet 25 cts. Europa, snow white; crimson eye 20 cts. Her Majesty, dark rose 35 cts. Elizabeth Campbell, salmon pink; Z King of Iris, brown and yellow 35 cts. dark eye : Zs) cts. Princess Victoria Louise, Sulphur Rynstrom, Carmine rose ee 20 cts. and creamy plum, very distinct 35 cts. Miss Lingard, finest pure white. Very early flowering 20 cts. Collection of 18 Plants, 3 of $4 50 Collecti f 18 Plants, 3 of Each Variety, Delivered for Each” Variety, Delvael tee $3 50 Cromwell Gardens Handbook of Perennials, Roses, Etc. Tells about the choice plants grown at Cromwell Gardens. If you have a garden or greenhouse you need a copy. We will send you one on request. _ CROMWELL GARDENS, A. N.Pierson, Inc. Box 12, Cromwell, Conn. Landscape Planting Plan—Free A few evergreens, some Norway Maples, perhaps, and a little well-placed shrubbery will work wonders in beau- tifying your home. Harrison Quality Trees will thrive in any climate, north or south. They are well-grown with vigorous, compact root systems and carefully shaped tops. . Tellus your needs. Our Service Department will help you make a selection and work outa successful planting plan— , all without cost to you. Besuretosend for our 1917catalogue —free. It describes a complete line of ornamental trees, 7 shrubs,and vines. Also fruit trees budded from bearing or- chards—all kinds. Write to-day and be prepared for the spring planting. ‘‘Largest growers of fruit trees in the world’’ ay hoyso, Box 56 2 sJ- G. Harrison & Sons "Proprietors Berlin, Maryland Advertisers will appreciate vour mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OcTOBER, Ai IMU simply must have some of our wonderful seedling Lark- spurs with their regal spikes six feet or more in height in marvelous shades of dark- blue, light-blue and white. Special Offer For Immediate Planting To introduce our new Seed- ling Larkspurs, we will send prepaid to any address: l Assorted, One-Year Old $5 Field-Grown Clumps, Guaranteed to bloom con- _tinuously year after year. SEND FOR OUR CATALOGUE “PERENNIALS FOR FALL PLANTING” Place Your Orders Now for November Importation, Dormant Roses. Charles H. Totty Madison New Jersey 1917 Why Willadean Service INN "COUNTS MOST! IN Meetings and Lectures in October (Following dates aremeetings unless otherwise specified) *Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Bos- Most nurserymen are conscientious and sell good plants. Yet, frequently, the plants or trees fail to satisfy ‘because they dre not suited to the planter’s soil and climate or do not prop- erly fill his needs. When we started in business, HIN =| ton, Mass. Special Exhibition of Fruits, by announcement. : nearly 20 years ago, we decided to give Service i New Beale, Mass., Horticultural Society. First, then sell plants. Willadean Service will : Wee MES CaNneeaens etal MORGHSNS help you avoid failures with plants. Right now Garden Club of Pleasantville, N. Y. it will gladly explain the wisdom of 3-5. Woman’s National Farm and Garden Associa- 2 tion, Chicago, Ill. Annual Meeting. Fall Planting of Hardy 4. Marshfield, Mass., Garden Club. = 5. Pasadena, Cal., Horticultural Society. Plants and Evergreens New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. Lecture: Autumn Coloration. 8. Park Garden Club, Flushing, L. I. Rochester, N. Y., Florist Association. New Rochelle, N. Y., Garden Club. New York Florists’ Club, New York City, N. Y. All plants that start growth very early in the spring must be transplanted in the fall or suffer a severe shock, often death. Peonies, Phloxes, Trises and all “‘old-fashioned” hardy perennials ub Gardeners’ and Florists’ Club of Boston, Mass. should be transplanted now. Evergreens, such Meeting and Vegetable Exhibition. i ae jl Mail oe i 2 ip 10. Short Hills, N. J., Garden Club. as we ship, with a large ball of earth, may be Lenox, Mass., Horticultural Society. aed Co. Horticultural Society, Glen Cove, L 12. Connecticut Horticultural Society, Wethers- field. Minnesota, Minn., Garden Flower Society. Westchester, N. Y., & Fairfield, Conn., Hor- ticultural Society. 13. Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., Horticultural Society. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. Lecture: The Relation of Forests to Water Supply. Meeting and Special Fruit Exhibition. Pomologists to Meet at Boston Tre Thirty-fifth biennial meeting of the American Pomological Society will be held in Boston, Mass., October 31—Novem- ber 4, 1917, in connection with the Massa- chusetts Horticultural Society and the New England Fruit Show. Very full and extended programmes covering all phases of fruit grow- ing will be rendered and an exceptional exhi- bition of fruits, fruit products, and allied ma- terial will be staged. Unique exhibits and demonstrations with some of our newer fruit introductions such as the Avocada, and fruit- juices as the Loganberry-juice will be in evidence. On the whole the event promises to be one of unusual interest to American pomology. Boston’s well known attitude toward both amateur and professional horticulture and pomology assures a delightful and instructive week to all those attending. The Secretary, E. R. Lake, 2033 Park Road, Washington, D. C., will gladly send full programmes. The President is Prof. W. N. Hutt, Raleigh, N.C. American Civic Association N OCTOBER 22nd to 24th the 1917 Convention will be held in the City of St. Louis, which will be the first time that this Association meets west of the Mississippi, since its formation at the St. Louis World’s Fair in 1904. It will give an excellent oppor- tunity for the stimulation of greater interest and activity in civic work, particularly throughout the West and Southwest. (Continued on page 104) safely transferred to your home ground as long as the ground can be dug. Send now for complete catalogue and WRITE FOR FREE ADVICE on what you may safely plant now in your locality and on your particular grounds. Unless we feel sure that we can satisfy you, we shall not encourage you to order. This is the attitude that earns us the loyal appreciation of thous- ands of satished customers every year. Let’s get to- gether! We'll make your plant problems our own. ar Heres B. HAMMOND TRACY, Box 27, Wenham, Mass. IN 17. Rhode Island Horticultural Society, Provi- dence, R. LLADE NURSER a 0 ONS A: ers ae Reap N. Woy pHorticulcural Society. B wi AN SE IES Sparta, Ky r 8. arshfie ass., Garden = )/D- 19. Pasadena, Cal., Horticultural Society. SMMC lic, Caliornia Dahlia Society, San Francisco, alif. e. 20. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, BD A e IP Cc al Nn 1% 1 N. Y. Lecture: Fall Planting and Winter Protection. 22. Park Garden Club, Flushing, L. I. 1 iS] 22-24. American Civic Association, St. Louis, Mo., \ 1917 Convention. @ 24. Short Hills, N. J., Garden Club. f x > ar Sp UTS 24-25. Tenors Mass., Horticultural Society. Fall EXCLUSIVELY— 26. Coane cuicut Horticultural Society, Wethers- OnleriNow Sere imports will create an ae 27. Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., Horticultural Society. cedented demand fon amen Cae ea ae if you like blue flowe rs, you 31-Nov. 4. Mavaniean nouwlaateall Sadeae eon NES. WS CENeo ental STE MGA Hn CaO SNS: ut-toFit Greenhouses} set into your place as well as if a high priced archi- tect planned them—and at a cost complete as low as his fee. They are made in a wonderfully equipped fac- tory, of any size you desire, and shippe to you so worked and marked any car- penter can set them up. Factory production makes possible the best building at the lowest price. Hence they have every approved feature, and are as durable as they are artistic. Quality construction in every particular. Let us send you our catalogue telling all about them. CALLAHAN DUO-GLAZED SASIE CO. 1315 Fourth Street Dayton, Ohio Mil eee The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Gardening OcroBeER, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 103 * Big, glorious flowers, a single one of which is a whole bouquet in itself; marvels in size, yet graceful in form; of charming tints and shades, delightfully fra- grant and long lasting after cutting, such are Brand’s AMERICAN SEEDLINGS The sturdiest, rugeedest peonies that ever grew. They surpass many of the choicest imported sorts in freedom of bloom and worth-while character- istics. Because we have faith - in the future of these dis- tinctly American creations, we have gathered about us the largest collection in the East. Exceptional care in growing and labeling them enables us to offer them Guaranteed True-to-Name LTT Ne ee Our Bulb Specials include the newest and => most beautiful types of Tulips and Narcissus. Collection A 75c _ One each of the follow- ing rare Narcissus and Daf- fodils: Elvira, King Edward VII, Cas- sandra, Madam de Graff, Glory, King Alfred, Glory of Noordwyk, Red Star, Firebrand, White Lady. 75¢e Collection B 75c One each of these mag- nificent Breeder Tulips: Bronze Queen, Cardinal Man- ning, Chas. Dickens, Chestnut, Feu Ardent, Fairy, Golden Bronze, Go- det Parfait, Lucifer, Madras, Ma- hony, Prince of Orange, Sabrina, Yellow Perfection. 5 ¥ Sscprnitiies Plan to plant some this . Archie Brand—None Better month. Our collection of both American and European varieties consists of over 400 of the choicest. All dug,packed and shipped with greatest care to insure you the choicest flowers quickly. Send for free catalogue, describing all we grow in our nursery. Besides peonies, we grow every year about 500 distinct sorts of choice Gladiolus. Become ac- quainted—write NOW. Our Free Catalogue Is a Textbook on Bulbs. Beautifully il- lustrated and giving exceptional informa- tion. It is a book you will keep for study and reference. Send for it to-day. BABCOCK PEONY GARDENS, R.F.D. No. 80, Jamestown, N.Y. INCORPORATED SIS AD rom I = WOOD, STUBBS & CO., Louisville, Ky. Plant now for indoor bloom this winter and for early out- door bloom next summer. You'll find a lot of helpful suggestions in our Autumn Floral Guide Lists and describes Pot Roses for indoor bloom, Own-root Roses and Hardy Climbers for out-door fall planting. Also hardy Ornamental Flowering Shrubs, Peonies, double herbaceous, Hardy Perennials, Hyacinths,single and double, Tulips, tested on our own grounds, and fall seeds for fall planting indoors and out. Send a postal for the Guide to-day pe ONARD x ROSES & JONES CO., Box 24, WEST GROVE, PA. Robert Pyle, Pres. A. Wintzer, Vice-Pres. Rose Specialists—Backed by 50 years’ experience. _ Horsford’s Cold Weather Uiiur | Plants — ReadyNow Planted this fall they will give you beautiful blooms next spring and summer. HOLLAND BULBS in Darwin, and other fine Tulips, Hyacinths, Daffo- dils, etc. Autumn Bulb Catalogue No. Non request. F. H. HORSFORD Charlotte Vermont Lilium i, For Fall Planting PY => We have arranged to supply our patrons . with a limited quantity of choice hyacinths, Narcissi, Darwin Tulips, etc., in popular as- sortment from stockin New York. A list of these will be sent free on request by J. A de VEER, 100 William Street, New York Sole Agent for E. H. Krelage & Son, Haarlem, Holland 12 Choice Iris named $1.00 PEONIES 2; Choice: Phlox, (6-. LSU9) I2YREONIES =, tcp uce oso 22.00 PHLOX Send for list GEO. N. SMITH, Wellesley Hills, Mass. when you can pick them off the trees Fruit picked ripe from the trees is far superior in taste to that which you buy from the vendor’s stand. Such fruit is generally picked green and allowed to ripen in transit. Fruit, deprived of the nutritious sap from the mother stem, sometimes for weeks, can never equal the luscious flavor of that freshly picked. Go into partnership with Nature and let her provide winter luxuries for your table. Grow your own fruit and enjoy jams, preserves and jellies when fruit is scarce. higher priced “‘canned”’ varieties. But when you plant, take care to plant sturdy stock of proven-merit, that your forethought, ex- pense and effort may not be expended in vain. Hicks fine fruit trees, berry bushes, grape vines and strawberry plants are all of pedi- greed strain: ‘They are now in prime condition to transplant. Hicks fruit trees planted this fall will gain a year’s Your home grown, home made preserves are infinitely superior to the growth over those put out next spring. You take no chance of loss because Hicks trees, big and small, are guaranteed to grow satisfactorily. Be sure to plant currants, gooseberries, and raspber- ries. A few bushes of each will supply the needs of a family. Send for catalog. HICKS NURSERIES Box M, Westbury, L. I. Phone 68 Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 2 ps Dt et ES agents inceom an if { . ii } } } / 104 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OcToBER, 1917 (Concluded from page 102) TULIPS ‘NARCISSI HYACINTHS [Deer is here and it is time to secure your bulbs if your spring garden is to be the delight you would have it. : Let me supply your needs. I have all the finest varieties: the quality is the best and I know the results will please you. Women Horticulturists’ Meeting at Chicago HE Woman’s National Farm and Gar- den Association, organized to promote the practical training of women in outdoor occupations, will hold its annual meeting in Chicago, October 3rd, 4th and 5th at the New Morrison Hotel, Corner of Clark and Madison Streets. The President of this Association, Mrs. Francis King of Alma, Mich- igan, is well known to our readers, and its membership includes upward of 2,000 women actively engaged in a large way in farming, gardening, poultry and cattle raising. A cor- dial invitation is extended to every woman to write to the Secretary, Miss Hilda B. Loines, 600 Lexington Avenue, New York City, for further information. Send to-day for my catalogue ‘‘Your Spring Garden.’ 172 Broadway Paterson, N. J. Largest importers and growers of OrcHIps in the United States Send twenty-five cents for catalogue. This amount will be refunded on your first order. LAGER & HURRELL Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J. DON’T TAKE CHANCES WITH YOUR TREES Let us take care of them xow. We will know what to do and do zt yight, Experts in cavity filling, blocking, bracing, etc. Representatives available everywhere. Send for ‘Tree Talk’’— the tree lover’s manual. THE F. A. BARTLETT COMPANY 588 Main Street Stamtord, Conn. Big Events for St. Louis in 1918 (Gian BY A radical change of plans the Society of 7 s 5) : Fi MAREE American Florists’ has taken a decidedly fifteen inches square, three progressive step in arranging that its annual inches thick, hollowed out round two and one half inches deep in_ | Convention for 19r8 shall run simultaneously see gine fo tres cichths | with the great biennial National Flower Show at edge. Inexpensive, Practical, —the most authoritative book on rose planting, cultiva- My tion and pruning ever published. Beautifully printed in colors, this valuable guide gives special prices and tells all about our famous Roses, Plants and Bulbs. It’s the lifetime experience of America’s largest rose growers, You will be astonished at our sos Prices eS HOY Artistic. at St. Louis, April 6th to isth. Mr. Cc. jp Totty K Spa express Charges anywhere in Js . anc = § 5 : guarantee safe delivery. Write to the Rose Specialists Fe ga ar ee na rae Ce is elected President for 1918, and in 1919 the for your copy to-day. Convention will go to Detroit. i HELLER BROS. CO., Box 1021, New Castle, Ind. g oit The united gatherings at St. Louis next April should be the greatest meeting of horticulturists, florists THE BEAUTY and gardeners ever brought together. i of Hardy Phlox can not be imagined. They must be seen both in color and Show. 1 have over 300 varieties. Send for list. Some Bulbs Assured W. F. SCHMEISKE HE bulb situation this year is very Hospital Station, Box 11 Binghamton, N. Y. complex and from indications, at this writing (September 15th) there is little likeli- hood of any Dutch bulbs even arriving in this country before the first week in October. W. H. BAYLES Verona, New Jersey Narcissus Bulbs Ready Mixture, composed mainly of varieties Poeticus Ornatus, P. Poetarum, P. Pheasant’s Eye, single and double yellow Incom- parabilis, Stella, Barrii conspicuus, Mrs. Langtry, Dolly Cup, Minnie Hume, with occasional bulbs of other varieties. $1.00 per 100, $8.00 per 1CO9, postage or express paid. Prices on larger quantities furnished on request. Oronogo Flower Gardens Carthage, Mo. Beautify Furniture Protect Floor and Floor Coverings Irises, Hardy Plants, Lilies and Bi ee from injury by using Under normal conditions the bulbs are usually Japanese Garden Specialties Clase Were Sading here about the latter part of August or the first Send for our new 1917-18 Catalogue Over 500 fine varieties of Irises o 1980 Mont 1A Rainbow Gardens Stupaul, Mince: SUNDIALS Real Bronze Colonial Designs From $3.50 Up Also Bird Baths, Garden Benches, Fountain Sprays and other garden requisites. Manufactured by The M. D. JONES CO. 72 Portland St. Boston, Mass. Send for illustrated Price-List it. MORE FRUIT (re recs ton Keer eS i. Scale, Aphis, White ee se e spraying with Ree GOOD StcrassFISH OIL SOAP NOS Kills all tree pests without injury to trees. Fertilizes soil and aids healthy growth. E Our valuable book on Tree and Plant Diseases. Write today. E. Susquehanna Ave., Phila. Traxler’s Collection of Fragrant Peonies This collection contains all of Mr. Brand’s “America’s Best,’’ all of the world’s best, and nothing but the best. Nothing but fragrant varieties and only the best of these. You cannot ship bulbs from Holland. Why not plant peonies instead? Send for descriptive folder and price list. JOHN A. TRAXLER, 225 West 24th St., Minneapolis, Minn. JAMES GOOD, 2111-15 \i009 e diiepiosseern Underground Garbage Receiver win Z3EUee MASS installed at your home—means less danger from infantile pa- ralysis germs. Act NOW—for your protection. Eliminate the dirty garbage pail. Be- fore buying send for our catalogue. It will pay you. in place of casters. week in September, and the dealers anticipate If your dealer will not supply you a eronmots conge cen of business ae fs 2 ort to fill in six weeks orders that ordinari ONWARD MFG. CO. are spread over twelve weeks. ‘Just Reet BES: DEPT. T | writes one large dealer, “in fact I hardly see how the thing can be done.”” The purchaser 9 must indeed possess himself in patience, and Ee PA ey E S be ene in el os of de cane not blame too much to the dilatoriness of the [Le CHINA dealers, who this year at least will possibly CEMENT. be entirely innocent. STANDS HOT AND COLD WATER 10° About three weeks ago a report appeared in the newspapers to the effect that the Holland government had prohibited the exportation of bulbs. Retail catalogues were ready for distribution and had to be held up pending further advices. Quick action on the part of the trade through the Holland Ambassador and our own State Department at Washington disclosed that this embargo referred only to small bulbs which had been sent last season to Germany for the feeding of cattle, and that there was no embargo on the normal supplies of the class of bulbs handled in this country. The only difficulty was the transportation. Large quantities of bulbs have undoubtedly been on the docks in Rotterdam since early in August, and we understand that 26,c00 12 years on the market Look for our Trade Marks Sold direct factory Ad Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Manufacturer, 40 Farrar Street, Lynn, Massachusetts RS cases left on board the S.S. Waaldyk Septem- = : ber 7th, due to arrive about the time this issue SUNN IE «| Of Tee GARDEN MacGazine is published. “BUFFALO” PORTABLE POULTRY RUNWAYS Now, while the dealer will of course do all enable you to make any size yard op runwaycesited: Can bemoyed to other locations at Me co reac Tas tice in his power to get off all shipments when the 2 ft. in, long x5 ft. (Gate) 1.60% ec 6 ft. long x2 ft. high 1.60 6 goods arrive, the purchaser must be patient, Above prices are for orders consisting of six sections or more and are F.O.B. cars Buffalo, N.Y. Best article on the market for young chicks, ducks, geese, and other small fowl or animals, also for enclosing small gardens in season. mee but before all else he must needs also act Place your order to-day! You will be well satisfied. Send check, money order or New York draft and we will send Sau 1 1 i i does not you the greatest article on the market for poultry or dog kennel purposes. Booklet 67A describing this system will promptly in placing his order if he 1 f s f be mailed gratis upon request. BUFFALO WIRE WORKS Co. (Formerly Scheeler’s Sons) 467 Terrace, BUFFALO, N. Y. = want to run the risk of getting ( t, or iii ttt tt tt itt (| tt itttttt( ttt tt lillig | “first come first served.” OctosBeER, 1917 STAN! DARD of the won Residence of C. D. MacDougall, Esq., Auburn, N. Y. IRON FENCE AND ENTRANCE GATES OF ALL DESIGNS AND FOR ALL PURPOSES, WE INVITE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THOSE WHO ARE INTERESTED- The Stewart Iron Works Co., Inc. “‘The World’s Greatest Iron Fence Builders’’ 650 Stewart Block Cincinnati, Ohio PwRITE FOR BOOK OF DESIGNS | Lee ee SUN DIALS ~> 7Il\ Pedestals, Gazing Globes | Dials to order for any latitude. Guar- anteed to record sun time to the minute. Illustrated detailed information sent upon request Ask for Folder C-2 E. B. Meyrowitz, Inc., x yen tin" Branches: Brooklyn, Detroit, St. Paul, Minne- apolis, London, Paris. | eRe PE PE PE PES st THE GARDEN MAGAZINE A Garden Library for a Dollar and a Quarter Bound volumes of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE represent the last word on gardening. It is really a loose leaf cyclope- dia of horticulture. You are kept uptodate. Save your cop- ies of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE and let us bind them for you. There is a new volume every six months, and Vol. 241s ready now. Send your magazines by Parcel Post and we will supply index, and bind them for you for $1.25. If you have not kept all of the numbers, we will supply the missing copies at 25c each, or we will supply the bound vol- ume complete for $2.00. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE can be of more service this year than ever before, and you can get most out of the magazine when you bind it, and keep it in permanent form. Address: ‘Circulation Department GARDEN MAGAZINE, Garden City, N. Y. All the Sunlight All Day Greenhouses KING CONSTRUCTION CO. 381 King Road, North Tonawanda, N. Y. Write for Booklet Your Surest Chance to Get Holland’s Best Bulbs is to send for Waterer’s Bulb Catalogue—one of the most complete lists now ready. We ordered our stock and issued our catalogue seas USUAL: and are reasonably sure that sailings between the United States and Holland will be continued regularly so insuring the delivery of our goods. Get our catalogue and order without delay—now, before you forget. HOSEA WATERER—BULBS 107-109 So. 7th St. Buildat = Wholesale Prices Send to-day for free book—200 plans— “Gordon-Van Tine Homes.”’ houses $300 up. Built everywhere by our 100,000 customers. material supplied complete. Prompt delivery anywhere. 232: | Gordon-Van Tine C Satisfaction Gu Guaranteed or or Money Back Back Davenport lowa Shows bungalows and Ready-cut or not Ready-cut. Highest quality All wholesale. 232! Write for Book wm? = 6302 Case St. 105 PEONIES Fifteen fine named Peonies for $2.50, or 25 for $5.00, all different and truly labeled, a chance to obtain a fine collec- tion at half price, comprising such varieties as Festiva Max- ima, Delachei, Achillea, Lady L. Bramwell, Couronne d’Or, Prolifica Tricolor, Louis Van Houtte, and various other fine sorts. With any order of above for $5.00 I will include one plant of Baroness Shroeder, free. I have the largest stock in America of Lady Alexandra Duff (absolutely true) and many other fine varieties. Send for catalogue. W. L. GUMM, Peony Specialist Remington, Indiana The World’s Choicest PEONIES Including all the New and Rare Varieties Le Cygne, Solange, Therese, La France, Martha Bulloch, Tourangeele, La Lorraine, Primevere, Rosa Bonheur, M. M. Cahuzak, Lovelines, Enchanteresse, Jubilee, etc. Send for new catalogue. Now ready. D. W. C. RUFF Globe Building St. Paul, Minn. TULIP BULBS, Postpaid Price per 100. Twenty-five of a kind at 100 rate, provided order totals 100 bulbs or more. Bouton d’Or, yellow . $1.20 Caledonia, orange scarlet 1.60 Mixed Parrots, feathered edges 0 I.20 Mixed May lowering allcolors. . W20 Farncombe Sands, ted 3.00 Clara Butt, salmon pink 2.00 Mad.Bosboom, cherry red 2.00 Kate Greenaway, faint PIN Mikes Wuee e200 Mrs. Potter Palmer, dark purple . Giiskete) Bar. dela Tonnaye, pink 2.00 Wedding Veil, light gray 2.00 White ‘Queen, ~ blush white . 2.00 Mixed Darwins, all colors a, Oo to Fe) As many more varieties in list. Send for it. ORONOGO FLOWER GARDENS Carthage, Mo. ROSES The aristocrats of rosedom are Fairfax roses grown on their own roots under slowly natural conditions (never forced), they are heavy, stocky and vigorous, and will bloom the first season under ordinary care. Send for my free booklet which gives valuable information for those wishing an abundance of roses next summer. W. R. GRAY Box 6 Oakton, Va. Adveriisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too. 106 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OcroBer, 1917 =: Vegetables Planted in Autumn Plant NOW, if You Would Enjoy "TURNIP-ROOTED chervil is @ good vege- table for home use. The edible part is the The Glory of Lilacs Next Spring root, which is used in the same manner as the carrot. The leaves are used the same as pars- Lilacs begin to thrive so early in the spring that transplanting during ley for garnishing and in flavoring soups. I that season often produces a serious setback and subsequent loss of a sow the seeds in the open ground as early as season’s bloom. By setting out these highly ornamental and most useful possible in the autumn. It germinates the shrubs this month, you gain a whole year of enjoyment. While planning WIS Uy : 3 Y A following spring < i which kind to plant, consider our exceptionally choice collection of & spring and matures in early summer but is improved by remaining in the ground. New Hybrids on their Own Roots As a fact, radishes are suited to early spring and late autumn planting. I sow the seeds of Soe ai aye (ree fo plane. hey ane tunic, ar diy Poort margieety ||| Early Scarlee Shore Top, French Breakiace choice varieties are our leaders: etc., in a hotbed or a cold frame, and they are ALPHONSE LAVALEE, very large, blue, shaded violet. easily grown during the winter. Spinach is FRAU B. DAMMANN, immense single, pure white. well known as the standard plant for spring MADAM LEMOINE, splendid double white. and fall greens, although for home use it may MAD. CASIMIR PERIER, a superb creamy white. SENATEUR VOLLAND, rosy red of charming shade. SOUVENIR DE L. SPAETH, most distinct purplish red. Prices for all of above, each $1.00. 12 for $10.00 be grown also during the summer, especially the New Zealand variety. To. have an early supply for home use, some grow it under glass. I don’t. I sow the seeds in the open ground in | | Be “an on ° . We will ship one fine specimen plant of each of above, 6 choi 1 Am. Special Offer: kinds for $5.00. All carefully dug, packed, Bat (RICA cael early fall and We produces an abundance of ' 4, arrive in first-class growing condition. greens during the late autumn and early > : spring. To be sure with the crop over winter » .. pComplete Catalogue Freee Hosday and to hasten its early maturity, | slightly top- | e is really a complete index to the vast plant resources of our extensive 1 1 y — nurseries. Whether you want fruits or ornamentals, in single specimens or thousand dress the beds with manure in the fall. It “lots, we can serve you—and always with top-notch quality. does well. My winter supply of lettuce comes AMERICAN NURSERY CO., Inc., Singer Bldg., N.Y. from) the)seeds/ of) Boston) auee yume ue 800 Acres—at Flushing, L. I. and Springfield, N. J. autumn in a cold frame, the plants being later eau transplanted in a hotbed. It takes from 60 to go days before it is ready for use. By the time the lettuce is consumed we have ready for use the Green Curled variety of endive, which California’s Native Plants seeds I sow a month or so earlier than the Right Now is the Time Do Well in Eastern Gardens to Order Evergreens lettuce seeds. I plant corn salad, which is valued for salad purposes, for greens and A great number of my Californian plants seasoning as the plants are hardy and it takes are just as much at home in eastern only 60 days to get the crop ready for use, I A make two sowings in the autumn, both in a cold frame, one for late autumn use, September 1, and the other in the late fall, to be wintered EPTEMBER and October are suc- i = ; 5 cessful months for transplanting gardens as in their native haunts. Evergreen Trees and Shrubs. Ground planting of my novelties will add a dis- and ae cone ona ae ue aud tinct Californian charm to your garden. for early spring use. For a winter supply of They are fully described in Catalogue A arden cress I sow the seeds in boxes, and cress and become acclimated. : : : : 2 fakes) : es i a eae, which gives full cultural directions. is easily grown in the house. Succession sow- vergreen Trees an rubs pur- 3 ing may be made as often as every 30 to 40 chased at Andorra are bound to yield The Charm of English Gardens days. panies is the most no pues all Se good jou because Eeey at ee is obtained by plantings of hardy perennials. nishing herbs. The leaves are used also for Tehteplite ae aes gle ships At The Terraces I have what is probably salads and for flavoring. It takes 90 to 120 a the most complete hardy plant collection to i = sate be fauindvest Of the vAliesbanion days to make the crop ready for use, so, in or: der to have an early crop of parsley, I sow the seeds in a cold frame in September, and make successional sowings continually. For winter I transplant the strongest plants to cold frames, so as to gather leaves all winter. 5 For an early supply of cabbage, I sow the nen Seen HONE te cul- seeds of the Jersey Wa in she autumn in ural directions are also given. ata- a cold frame, the plants being later trans- ANDORRA NURSERIES logue E, or any of my catalogues, will be planted and Tanne under sash. During Wm. Warner Harper, Prop. sent free on application. the winter the plants make a slow, steady i i growth. With some hardening before trans- ea Hill, Phila., Pa. CARL PURDY planting in the open ground early in the The Terraces Box A, Ukiah, Cal. spring, a good crop of early cabbage may be expected. In order to have an early spring PERENNIALS 3)c¢3)——= supply of onions, I plant the potato or multi- plier onion sets in the autumn and a succession Ten Cents Each—Not less than $1.00 worth sold; Express collect (no stamps, please) 50 for $5.00. 100 for $10.00. Express prepaid crop in February. The sets planted in the fall remain in the soil over winter and produce SWEET WILLIAM, Auricular Flow- HARDY PHLOXES in white, red or Strong, field grown plants ready for Oct. ered and Newport Pink. pink. and Nov.planting. These plantswill make excellent early green onions, and by the time BLEEDING HEART (Strong Roots.) a big showing in your garden next season Roe ee ae My New Catalogue E contains Tsts of good condition. Our Catalogue— about 200 different Irises, besides com- “Suggestions for Effective Planting,” plete lists of Phlox, Larkspurs, Holly- will enable you to order promptly and hocks, Poppies, Michaelmas Daisies, and satisfactorily by mail. AMSA ATT these onions are consumed, the crop planted in February is ready for use. I also plant in the autumn the small bulbs of the top or tree var- AQUILEGIA’ (Columbines), Lon , , 1 : : haa ; : : Soue and California Hybrids. GSP SOPHITA (Baby See eavenly 24 Will thrive and grow in any climate. ieties, which produce onions the following sea- COREOPSIS (one of the finest pure blue flower that ever graced a garden. CRE SOON ERD NONE son. The Welsh onion seeds stand well the vclowpnhowem nar Brows) US SS a sal 2 erate NE) Seam Eas GLENS, DGG Gio winter of our vicinity and I sow them liberally. AOBMO OBE GC! ANOS GAILLARDIA, the lovely, artistic M@atden Hair Ferns, 2 to 3 feet, 35 cts. The leaves are mild in flavor and are used in SHASTA DAISY, ‘“‘Alaska’’ Bianketmhowers f per clump, prepaid. seasoning. ‘They are ready for use just by the time the chive beds are heavily picked off and couldn’t be relied on for some time to supply the seasoning for home use. Maryland SaMuUEL H. GarEKOL. How about Peonies? We grow them. Send for named list. 1917 Reliable Home Grown Seeds also. Order from this ad direct, mentioning the Garden Magazine The Pudor Farms Puyallup, Washington INQ IAW Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too OctoseR, 1917 dD Jel 13; GARDEN IMEEAW GPA 7 slkN, 107 Dainties from the Sunny South oa ere’s a thoughtful gift for the boy or girl awa ‘ 9 © eam Heo Io rise gt apr &=§ =a), Dreer’s Reliable Spring-Blooming nong Jelly. Orange and Pineapple Preserve and Grape Fruit Marmalade of such high quality as to be distinctive and un- forgettable. Just think how these O not miss the joy of having a bed or border of bulbs next Spring. Plant them this Fall as early as you can and success is certain. We import the very highest grades of the finest varieties and offer in our Autumn Catalogue splen- did collections of Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, Crocus, Snowdrops, etc., etc. EROS Ee ladon of lelicht The Fall is also the time to set out Hardy Send for it. No. 1669. Southern Dainties Perennial Plants, Vines, Shrubs, etc. Our Autumn POHLSON GIFT-SHOPS Catalogue also gives a complete list of seasonable 22 Bank Bldg. Pawtucket, R. I. Bee seeds, plants and bulbs for out-doors, window garden and conservatory. 3 Whe fis Southland’s sweet-meats in a green Dsus wacu and wooden box bearing a poinsettia decoration and a beautiful, hand- tinted presentation design and verse —all sent postpaid for $2.00. timely suggestion from 1000 in the Pohlson Year Book of New and _ Distinctive Gifts that carry a message of discrimination and thought- fulness. This book, sent with any purchase comes alone for 6c instamps. It is a marvel S20 I I ONT DEMING Mailed free to any one mentioning this Magazine 714-16 Chestnut St. j : Henry A. Dreer, Philadelphia, Pa. 5 minutes a day and a Deming airpressure pumping system elim- : inate household inconven- ience—insure running water in home and barns winter or summer. Large, free Bulletin gladly mailed —write The Deming Co. 120 Depot St., Salem, Ohio’ [THE PATHWAY TO PERENNIALS — _ LEADS STRAIGHT TO THE 7 PALISADES NURSERIES | AT A Highway of Perennials leading to Hampton Court Palace, London. By planting this Fall a similar effect can be produced by Next Summer. Remember—If It’s a Hardy Perennial GIVES ENDURING CHARM Cent fe our illustrated —~ or so-called Old-Fashioned Flower worth growing, we have it in one shape and another in quantity catalogue of Flower Pots. the year round. We have the largest stock in this country, all Made in America, and our prices will Boxes, Vases, Benches. Sundials, average 15c each, $1.50 a dozen, $10.00 per 100. Gazing Globes, Bird Fonts and Fall Planting, 1° Gt™ Hardy Perennials and Old-Fashioned Flowers Successfully. ‘They should be planted ther Artistic Pieces fo Garden a g. in September, October, and November like Spring-flowering bulbs. They make roots during 9 r Fall and Winter, establishing themselves for Spring and Summer blooming. k us now to plan a scheme, whether of contrasts or of harmonies, to be carried out this Fall. Our “Artistic”? Border, too Gatoway TERRACITA ©. feet by three feet, costs $25.00 only. Consider what is ‘‘saved” by this system, and what is gained in true beauty. —— 3214 ‘WALNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA. \ \ and Interior Decoration. A PALISADE HARDY BORDER. A perfect picture in your garden to last for years will be the result if you allow PALISADES NURSERIES, Inc., Perennial Growers Visitors always welcome at our Nurseries, where they can make selections from more than a thousand varieties of Hardy Plants Telephone 200 Piermont Sparkill, N. Y., Rockland County Have You Gardening Questions? Experts willanswer them free. Ifa plant fails, tell us about it and ask help from the Readers’ Service. ol METROPOLITAN SECTIONAL GREENHOUSE A price any one can afford Neen ee eer EEE meemm eT acemeemmeet a For Safe / Tree Surgery The Davey Tree Expert Co. 1204 Elm St., Kent, O. 150 In this Metropolitan Sectional Greenhouse, size 8 feet 6 inches wide by 12 feet long, you can grow your favorite kinds of flowers and veg- etables. Can be connected with the residence or garage, or put up asa detached house. Isglazed on all four sides, has front and rear doors, plant benches and ventilating system. Anybody who can handle a hammer can assemble it. Crated complete, with bolts, screws, hinges, nails, door knobs—in fact everything to finish the house together with detailed printed instructions for erection. Price $150 f.o.b. Brooklyn. With heating pipe $50 extra. With heating pipe and boiler $100 extra. Metropolitan Material@ 1309-1315 Flushing Avenue Brooklyn, New York Davey Tree Surgeons Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 108 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Ocroser, 1917 wy INSIDE THE }GARDEN HOME JAMES COLLIER MARSHALL 5 Some Good Things for the Small House . 2 ; ast Mr. James Collier Marshall, Director of the Decorating Service of The Garden Magazine’s Advertising Dept., will solve your problems of home No. 582. Sweet Grass Sewing Basket. 9 inches in diameter. decoration—color schemes, hangings, floor coverings, art objects and interior arrangements, making purchases at the most favorable prices. This Made inthe characteristic I a ians ice i a aye ” 8 A nee ic Indian hand weave by real Indians. $1.00 service is free to our readers. Address inquiries to “Inside the Garden Home,” The Garden Magazine, 11 West 32nd Street, New York. White Navel all is a matter of taste in selection and careful arrangement. Once the furnishings are decided upon the cus Bulbs95¢ decorative and useful adjuncts apparently follow of their own accord. inv ett Dox All the articles shown here are well suited for use in the small house where costs must be reckoned, and of No Bea eis those the dishes at the foot of the page are especially worth while. | Note Bulbs, _ similarly its unusual shape, the ribs of which are outlined with dull gold, that adapts packed........ Oe it for use either with antique or modern furniture. An open stock set, it No. SSS on is very reasonable, the whole service of 108 pieces costing only $68.50. / Bulb, similarly The cut glasses seen here, PES po a Se | copied from the old Waterford : pattern, will be excellent com- panions for the white and gold china, though, of course, it is not so cheap. This fine new replica of an old design is per- haps better looking than its pro- totype since the glass is clearer and the cuttings more sparkling for that reason. There are seven different glasses in the complete set—cocktail, claret, sherry, liq- ueur and the three shown here, water goblet $50 per dozen, cham- pagne $45, and finger bowl $50. Aside from these staples for table use there are some very in- | teresting things for individual } [alias is no place in the house where artistic effects can be achieved so easily as in the dining room. Here No. 842. Solid 10K Gold Waldemar Chain, very strongly made. Waldemars are the most popular watch chains on the $3 50 market. We offer this one at a low price e The “Baird-North Way”’ Picture yourself sitting at home in the evening with the family or imagine yourself alone during the dull hours of the day with nothing particular to do. What wonderful occasions to consider the Christmas Gift Problem! For opportunities such as these why not have the Baird-North catalogue when it is impossible to have the stores? With it you can settle your gift problems, economically, speedily and easily. This is the Baird-North Way”—shopping along the lines of least bother, with the counsel and advice of the family or the careful thought due to quietness. ; The “Baird-North Way,” with our particular attention to price and service has made us the largest Mail Order Jewelry use. A little yellow pottery cof- fee pot with creamer and sugar H in the World. ve 5 : Sendlionotr pooaaee catalogue of Diamonds, Watches, Jew- - - ———EE J tray arranged in stack form is one of these and may be had for the elry, Leather Goods, Novelties, Toiletware, Tableware, etc. trifling sum of $1.25. It is excellent for the breakfast tray. An oval tin tray about 15 inches long is also an interesting and useful adjunct of the small house. A brilliant parrot is wonderfully painted on a soft green ground and framed by the black rim. Price, $3. Tables are always good and there can never be too many of them. “Only once in my experience,” said a well known decorator, “have I seen a house that seemed to have too many tables—they were everywhere and of every ‘de- scription. But as they were all in use I feel obliged to admit they were necessary. However, the trouble lay not in their number but in the fact that they had not been properly selected for use with one another. Had as this point been carefully attended one’s attention would not have been attracted to their presence.” Gentlemen: Never was a truer statement made regarding any Please send me object of decoration though it doubtless applies more to ee ee ee tables than to other things. Tables are very necessary alogue Paanrairine 10.000 and several are needed in nearly every room, but they articles of jewelry and gifts. must be suited not only to their surroundings but to each other since here the comparison is keenest. The lyre drop-leaf table shown here is essentially a living room or hall piece, though it might under cer- tain circumstances be used in a man’s sitting room where it would be excellent as a smoke table since its ; 5 dimensions, 2 feet tall and 20 inches wide are well adapt- 2S SUNOUIN 1B. SEEIST ed for this use. Its lyre design suits it well to the Sheraton, Heppelwhite and Early American types of furnishing, and at $35 it is very reasonable. Entirely different is the dainty tray topped stand seen beside it. This is distinctly Italian in design, its whole top being charmingly painted in ivory, or green, after the florid Florentine manner. Besides, it is dis- tinctly feminine and should be used only in those parts of the house that are strictly the womah’s domain—the dining room, beside the tea table and in the boudoir. Beautifully made it sells for $41. Another table very satisfactory for living room and hall is of mahogany with four carved spool legs, two of which fold in very closely, permitting the round top to tip up, like an old fashioned tip table in effect though Bvery article is guaranteed to satisfy you or we will refund your money. We guar- antee free, safe and prompt delivery, will answer your lawn questions and advise how to get the best lawns through the Readers’ Service. Sent on ; i Free far more staple and strong. It will appeal especially to Trialfor those who must conserve space and who need some com- bination arrangement for tea service and cards. Of Xmas A famous Piedmont Red Cedar Chest for Xmas. Your choice of 90 styles and designs sent on 15 days’ free frial. We pay the freight. A Piedmont protects furs, woolens, and plumes from moths, mice, dust and damp. Distinctly beau- PQreduced mahogany it sells at £17.50. There is also a low mahogany stand patterned after the Louis XV designs, which is intended for telephone tiful. Neededin every home. Lasts for generations. Finest | poet 5 ‘ Christmss, Seading or) Birthdays austere syne prices use. This has a capacious undershelf for telephone vite to-c ay Or Our grea new wtiustrateéa LY2SEMLAS K at b . ooks and a shallow drawer in one end for a memo pad catalogue and reduced prices—all postpaid free. Prepaid Piedmont Red Cedar Chest Co., Dept. 23, Statesville, N. C. and pencil. This is quite inexpensive. The Readers’ Service will give you suggestions for the care and purchase of cats and dogs and other pets OctoseR, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 109 Serviceable Attractions for Beautifying 3 Home Grounds HARTMANN-SANDERS CO. Factory & Main Office New York Office Elston & Webster Ave. 6 East 89th St. CHICAGO NEW YORK CITY “Pergolas” Garages with Pergola Features "(yes Lattice Fences ~_— i ————— : See someones Garden Houses sae 2S 4 rr When writing enclose 10c. | darn Your in stamps and ask for : e L | *‘Catalogue H-30.”’ i yl hack on lf ‘ iE ea | ye Rg FOR THE CONSUMER NOT THE DEALER iS fee FOR YOUR OWN TABLE FAMILIES who are fond of FISH can be supplied DIRECT from GLOUCESTER, MASS., by the FRANK E. DAVIS COMPANY, with newly caught KEEPABLE OCEAN FiSH, choicer than any inland dealer could possibly furnish. We sell ONLY TO THE CONSUMER DIRECT sending by EXPRESS RIGHT TO YOUR HOME. We PREPAY express on all orders east of Kansas. Our fish are pure, appe- tizing and economical and we want YOU to try some, payment subject to your approval. SALT MACKEREL, fat, meaty, juicy fish, are delicious for breakfast. They are freshly packed in brine and will not spoil on your hands. _ CODFISH, as we salt it, is white, boneless and ready for instant use. It makes a substantial meal, a fine change from meat, at a much lower cost. FRESH LOBSTER is the best thing known for salads. Right fresh from the water, our lobsters simply are boiled and packed in PARCHMENT-LiNED CANS. They come to you as the purest and safest lobsters you can buy and the meat is as crisp and natural as if you took it from the shell yourself. FRIED CLAMS is a relishable, hearty dish, that your whole family will enjoy. No other flavor is just like that of clams, whether fried or in a chowder. FRESH MACKEREL, perfect for frying, SHRIMP to cream on toast, CRABMEAT for Newburg or deviled, SAL- MON ready to serve, SARDINES of all kinds, TUNNY for salad, SANDWICH FILLINGS and every good thing packed here or abroad you can get direct from us and keep right on your pantry shelf for regular or emergency use. Aa With every order we send BOOK OF RECIPES ~~ for preparing all our products. Write for it. Our BE list tells how each kind of fish is put up, with ea the delivered price so you can choose eae Frank E. just what you will enjoy most. aa Davis Co. Send the coupon for it now. ee s Central Wharf FRANK E. DAVIS CO. pe Gloucester, Mass. Please send me your latest 225 Central Wharf _-~ Fish Price List. dian eae - Gloucester, ae Mass. Ae INTE? Ro So aN DEB GUCN TOE DAnO OS UROC Ge bio Tulip Bulbs Ready Now May-Flowering mixture contains nearly all the common varieties of the Cottage-Garden type, besides some higher priced novelties, Breeders, Bizarres, Violettes, Parrots, and a few Darwins. 80 bulbs postpaid for $1.00, or 40 tulips and 50 narcissi. Tulips per 1000, prepaid, $10.00. Oronogo Flower Gardens Carthage, Mo. School of Horticulture for Women AS “AMBLER, PA. © Two years’ practical and theoretical course in Horticulture. Next entering class for = 4,\ diploma students January 15, 1918. Fall ae course of ten weeks for amateurs begins oe September 11th. Write for particulars. by Early registration advised. & Elizabeth Leighton Lee, Director, Box 105 Every Library must contain a complete Kipling — that Re IS children the heritage of the Anglo- Saxon family. is if you plan to afford your Published by Doubleday, Page & Company Garden City, New York BEGIN now to bank up the celery with earth but only if it is dry, otherwise it will rot. ‘Tie a soft twine around the celery plants, beginning at one end and twisting the twine around each plant down one row then up the next and down the third, using the same ball of soft twine to the very end of the last row. Pack the earth around the plants and as the plants grow pack it around again and so on until it is a high mound, and at the end of November cover all with pinetags or straw, and on top of this place boards to hold it down, and slope the boards like the roof of a house to take off the rain and snow. ‘The celery from the very first should be constantly sprayed with bordeaux to insure against blight, and should also be fed with nitrate of soda or manure water to push it along. N THE orchard remove dead limbs, prune away the limbs that crowd each other, so as to let in the sunlight, and keep the young trees headed low to simplify the gathering of fruit. Plant all fruit: trees in the Autumn, except the stone fruits. Plant the deciduous trees and shrubs, with the exception of the Tulip Poplar and the Birch. February is the best time for these, as also for evergreens. Sow grass seed for lawn and orchard. Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, Crocus, Lil- lies and other outdoor bulbs should be planted now. Those which were planted in pots for the indoor garden the last of August can now be brought into the house to bloom for Christ- mas. Bring the potted bulbs in every two weeks so as to have continuous bloom through- out the winter, first putting them in the cellar and then bringing them to the light and warmth of a sunny window. Get in all the tender plants, either putting them in a pit, greenhouse, or conservatory. Remember to give plenty of air every day, but do ont let the air blow directly on the plants when the weather is very cold. Water the plants thoroughly so the earth in the pot be wet through, and not a little sprinkling on top. Save seed of specially fine vegetables and flowers this year, because of the scarcity. Send in your order to the seedsmen as soon as possible, and order a sufficient amount so as to have continuous crops next season, plant- ing as much in your vegetable garden as you can well take care of. Push to maturity the lettuce in the cold- frames by feeding with manure water, and make another sowing of seed for a later crop, planting some in coldframes and some in a protected place in the open ground for a crop in April. DIVIDE perennials; plant hardy Roses, plant tender ones, from pots, in spring. Trench the Rose beds by digging about two feet deep between the Roses and filling in with well rotted cow manure with a little bonemeal. In planting out currants, gooseberries, rasp- berries, grapes, and all fruit and ornamental trees and shrubs dig deep holes putting rich earth with a handful of bonemeal in the bot- tom, leaving the poorer soil for the top. Pack the earth firmly about the roots, placing a stake on either side to which tie the tree so as to prevent the strong winds displacing them. Virginia J. M. Patterson. Write to the Readers’ Service for suggestions about garden furniture OcTOBER, Ail G SS Sz = S SSeS LE _ i) AMERICA §) ] MUST FEED |: ea as WAIN pales 7 ra 2 |' \! THE WORLD [ i Ww ee 2 Europe is hungry. Disaster lurks Z ‘| in the wake of submarines. The | A loss of each food ship isa tragedy. 47 ‘|| But the idle acres of America |¥ could grow more food per year | “| than all of the enemy’s ships can destroy. '~| Every Idle Acre Helps the Enemy Z| Hinder rations and you hinder “| victory. Submarines will continue 2| to sink food ships. Other ships <| and more food must take the place i) of those destroyed. oa Clear--Plow--Plant Z| ~ Remove the stumps and boul- ders—drain the swampy places. wx] Cultivate every available acre of 'z| land. Don’t let labor shortage | hinder you. gi =| RED CROSS FARM POWDER [2 a will do the work of many men— m a cheaper—better—quicker. 4 y GET OUR BIG BOOK FREE A ee Find out how Du Pont Red “| Cross Farm Powder will not only |7% | save you labor but will improve Ka (2) your soil. a a Send now for your copy of % LA The Giant Laborer No. 523-F. “| EI. du Pontde Nemours & Co., THE READERS? gives Information about Real Estate SERVICE Don’t Think Only of Scale when you think of “SCALECIDE” it is all there is to Dormant Spraying Does all that any other spray will do—but no other spray will do all that “SCALE- CIDE” will do. Kills all kinds of scale— all forms of fungus and insects that can be reached in dormant season—and invigorates your trees—and costs no more. Read our money-back proposition before ordering anything else. Send for free booklet, “Profits in Fall Spraying” B. G. Pratt Co., Mfg. Chemists 50 Church St. Dept. I New York 1917 To you who order this Atlas—maps showing the changes made after this war will be furnished free of _ charge, just as soon as these changes are settled. __ There will be a place in the Atlas to which you can _ fasten the new maps so that, while you have a complete _ Atlas of the World now, your Atlas will still be complete and new when the War is over. It will be very inter- _ All people who amount to anything read and study maps. After the War Maps Free Special Low Price on One Edition Only : Cecil Rhodes drew.a red line from the Suez Canal to the _ Cape of Good Hope where to-day the Cape to Cairo Railroad grows. Rockefeller drew hisoil pipe lines on the map, Harriman dreamed his railroad on the map and Lord Strathcona built the Canadian Railroad empire on a map. The great men of the world have always studied maps. ; For one edition the price is the price of an ordinary book, yet this is the life of the world in maps such as you never © _ sawbefore. The sender of the coupon is entitled to six months’ subscription to World’s Work for $1. Send the coupon now. : $f It costs you nothing and brings this big, rich, complete Atlas free for examination. Look it over and find out the true fas- RAEN arieme a ree a AE ee ee _Cination of map hunting—of reading the news with a map at your side—of interpreting history with the help of maps. os _ Send the coupon for your copy of this sumptuous Atlas, now. Send the coupon—now—before the edition is gone. _ DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, Garden City, New York Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too Moses. 1917 | THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 111 Follow Our Boys in France! HEN the papers are full of the brave deeds of our boys in France —your boy among them—will you be able to follow each forward drive? When you read “Pershing gained Laroche” what will it mean to you? How far have we gone from the Meuse? How much more must we gain? Follow the forward drive of the allied troops with your boy at the front. Every village, every ridge, every small stream on the western front will be as clear to you as if you were there, if you have the New Geographical Manual and New Atlas The Story of the World in Maps The wonderful details of the western front form only one phase of this great work. There are 240 pages of maps—Maps Political, Economic, Geographic, Vegetation, Population, Language, Racial, Physical, Historical. There is the Dictionary of Vegetable, Animal, and Mineral Commodities. There are Automobile Maps of every state in the Union—Postal and Railroad Guide for the United States—Maps of the Battle Fronts. This an Atlas with a new idea—it doesn’t only give the location and boundaries —it shows by colored picture maps the story of this world and the standing to-day maps of France, telling you, at a glance, whether France is rich in coal and where whether it is rich in iron—what its economic situation is—what its climate 1s— what it grows—what races live there—what languages they speak. These are maps that call forth for you the imagination—the thrill of undiscovered countries. They are adventure for the man who stays at home. With the help of this Atlas you may look back beneath the surface actions of this War and realize the basic racial antagonism that caused it. You can answer a thousand and one questions that come up as you read. Here are a few that perhaps you don’t know: ae of the nations. Take France, for instance. There are six different and separate A > Whatis the hottest place in the world? Where is our newest ally—Siam? Where is Erzerum? Where does it rainevery day? : What is the Skagerak? Whereis Russia’s new porton the White Sea? Perhaps you think that Siberia is a cold, frozen place. Perhaps you think the Sahara is an unbroken stretch of thousands of miles of sand. You are wrong. Look at these maps and learn the truth at a glance. esting to compare your old maps with your new ones. This Atlas has a most complete set of war maps of war fronts. Remember that newspapers sometimes make mistakes. With these maps before you, you can see for yourself whether we are advancing or retreating. You can follow your boy abroad—you can see what he sees and hear what he hears and go where he goes. Doubleday, Page & Co. Garden City, New York Send me, all charges prepaid, Geographical Manual and New Atlas, measuring IO x 12} inches —bound in fine, red, silk cloth, stamped in gold. If itis not satis- factory I will return it within 10 _days, at your expense. Otherwise I will send you 95 cents at once and $1.00 amonth for 4 months. (If you prefer you may send $4.50 with this coupon.) ( Address 3 Also in rich leather. price $6.95 in installments of $1.00 monthly or $6.50 cash-—Specify leather if you want it. You may enter my subscription for WORLD'S WORK for six months at the special price of $x. 112 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE OctTosBeER, 1917 Personality In Your Home Does your home reflect your personality? Are it’s furnishings R37 Be and decorations representative of your own taste? You choose I SG a ee | TE your own clothes. Do you choose your own home? ” Sane aie we The New Country Life The New COUNTRY LIFE represents the best in comfort and delight for the home. Experts in homebuilding and decorating help its readers to create tasteful and distinctive plans. The next three issues Have Flowers in Your Home all Winter form a symposium of home making. The theme of the color manuals will be “Color in Country Houses,” “Oriental Rugs” and “Old Prints.” The text of these color manuals is authoritative and so complete as to At very little expense and with but little care form a thorough study of each subject. The illustrations are in full youcan have an abundant succession of flowers color, and there are from 15 to 20 pages of illustrations in each issue. st addict or: CUS CGE. A Very Simple Method It is written from an architect’s for indoor culture is given in our Autumn Bulb C | e C t H eA it b A Ar E ian II ratale ue. ae Se you @ Ga eae how i ) 7 r Embur ite Narcissi, LS BU ee ee oe 2 cthct atttncive lower ou: fas a PP You will also find in this catalogue cultural directions and a list of bulbs for fall planting outdoors. It is a splendid guide for amateurs—write for your copy at The most complete and clearest ar- once. ° R ticle on Oriental Rugs ever published. __Narcissi, Paper White Grandiflora Oriental ugs Mr. Arthur U. Dilley interprets this SOO 1000) ee eed oa interesting subj ect 1n November. French Roman Hyacinths, White 12 to 15 cms circumference, $1.10doz. $8.00 per 100. Thi ‘Il . D b b $75.00 per 1000. ' 1S Wl appear 1n ecemDer V 5 Old Prints for the Mr. Frank Weitenkampf, Curator of Arthur 1. Boddington Co. Prints of the New York Public Li- 128 Chambers St. New York Country Home brary. The color illustrations will be well worth framing. a ay Aran oem N The New eealiti you own a home or a car; if you take pride in your home aN IT : GEE ROSES COUNTRY *, grounds; if your hobby is dogs, poultry or cattle; if you are Sturdy as Oaks =) = 7 = i Wi hei: vi LIFE . a sportsman; The New COUNTRY LIFE will help you eS Cand are. absolutely he a0 for tieaiatete piantes . . S end to-day for our . ‘to attain the best in your home life. “New Guide to Rose Culture” for 1917 Garden City, N, Y. c YsisNo 2 \ —it’s free. It isn’t a catalog—it’s a practical work on rose 50c A COPY $5.00 A YEAR growing. Profusely illustrated. Describes over 1000 varieties E closed is $1 CO \ ee roses and otherlowersiand tells now to grow them Safe ale nichoplece SS All eae at not un gre maga- TIE DINGEE X CONARD GOs)" Box 1067. West Gene, Pa. senil sie GO aR zine and to be assured of getting ———— \ three issues of The the three color manuals to use New COUNTRY “‘I am reading ‘The Balance’ in your home planning accept our ae * special offer of three months for all over again from the begin- Ge saa Nares 9 $1.00. If you will return the coupon ning just to renew my youth.”’ dae os Nene I eae Oy : we will enter your subscription for \ Aléz., Hesoey i TREE ee sates \ three months. Every bookstore has this novel we Ba cores Be Net $1.35. Doubleday, Page & Co. liddow Closet “a More Comfortable, Healthful, Convenient Eliminates the out-house, open vault and cesspool, which are breeding places for germs. Havea warm, sanitary, odorless toilet right in your house. No going out in cold weather. A boon to invalids. Endorsed by State Boards of Health. ABSOLUTELY ODORLESS Put It Anywhere in the House The germs are killed by a chemical process in water in the container. Empty once a month. No more trouble to empty than ashes. Closet absolutely guaranteed. Guarantee on file in the office of this publication. Ask for catalogue and price. ROWE SANITARY MFG. CO., 5310 6th Street, Detroit, Mich. Ask about the Ro-San Washstand—Hot and Cold Running Water Without Plumbing SCIENCE, 5), Brooks Rupture Appliance is the product of science. Invented and manufactured by sanitarium 4 experts, who for 30 years have ‘@ ™ beentreating Rupturesuccessfully. Don’t accept a substitute. Insist on Brooks Rupture Appliance, the new scientific invention that has provene godsend to rupture-tortured lacs humanity. Sent on trial to prove its worth. Madeto measure. Du- N rable—cheap. Write today Brooks for free measure blanks 4 Appliance ~ and full particulars. Pye Company, : q bAD DB cre, RUDEY Pe ancl Mich. qe a 5 oY The Readers’ Service will give you suggestions for the care and purchase of cats and dogs and other pets a S=> | MAGAZINE for the benefit of the | E amateur gardener. Its aimis to S\ teach planting, growing and cooking of \4 vegetables. An all-year companion of the home gardener. No advertisements —no high-sounding terms. Just truthful, understandable advice for the happy men and women to whom the garden is a play- ground and a patriotic necessity. Full value to subscribers in excess of claims or money refunded. Issued monthly— | sample free—$1.00 per year. MAURICE FULD, 1457 Broadway, New York HODGSON Portable HOUSES Are you thinking of erecting a small build- ing? If it’s anything from a bird house to a cottage—listen. Imagine doing away with the trouble, worry and extra expenses that go hand in hand with building. Imagine buying the best lumber all finished, painted and fitted —ready to be put together in a jiffy to form the exact house you want. That’s exactly _ what buying a Hodgson Portable House Dutch Coloniat means. bird House There are Hodgson bungalows, garages, play houses, screen houses, chicken houses, dog houses and every other kind of houses meee imaginable. Get a catalog and you'll see A Dozen Delicious Melons them all. They can be quickly and easily All within arm’s length—that’s the kind of result you may expect from db killed kmen. Th ith- spuialameomeee LUTTON GREENHOUSES | UCK does not enter into the case, for LUTTON construction permits every available sunbeam to reach the plants. The owner is ‘‘a master of the seasons” Here is the best way to buy. By paying 25% of the L for he can regulate the temperature and ventilation perfectly so as to reproduce the | 4 price of your house we will prepare and hold it until wanted. This saves you money and insures prompt delivery. Our catalog is illustrated with photographs —and prices, too. Send for it. natural climatic conditions most favorable to the growth of each particular species. The most sensible investment in these times of stress is a Greenhouse and the most sensible type of Greenhouse is built by the LUTTON CO. This is not an empty claim, but is based on reasons that we can easily explain to you if you will E. F. HODGSON COMPANY Se GS ee ee | Room 228, 116 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. WM. H. LUTTON CO. 6 East 39th Street, New York City Main Office and Factory, 263-269 Kearney Avenue, Jersey City, N. J. Show Room, 3d Floor, Grand Central Terminal, N. Y. City Western Office, 710 Sykes Block, Minneapolis, Minn. Horticultural Architects and Builders of b Modern Greenhouses, Conservatories, ei Sun Parlors, Garden Frames Fencing _ | | the home grounds | As you can see from the illustration, tree FENCE is quite sturdy, yet graceful and pleasing in design. It has wonderful rigidity and strength because of the overlapped loops, interlaced wires and the Excelsior \| patented steel clamps which hold vertical and horizon- Two Stoves Are : ‘ ial wires firmly together. AFTER being made it is dip-galvanized, which not only makes it rust proof and a @) Er M 99 : \ long lasting, but firmly binds the whole together. he OO an y * Send for catalog B and you will have complete and : : pe : \ interesting information. : { O MORE need for a coal range for Winter and a Gas or Oil g inf ; | stove for Summer use. ‘Two stoves is “one too many” for the DUPLEX Bice . Ask your hardware dealer for EXCELSIOR ALCAZAR is two ranges in one and does more and better work than the ages garden necessities, such as two could or would. : 5 : | es : Rust Proof Tree Guard, Tennis Rail- {In this wonderful stove we find two complete ranges in one, burning a combina- er aN ; Gates, Bed Guards. Trelli ‘ tion of fuels either together, or singly, requiring no change or removal of parts. The DUPLEX ALCAZAR : oo ings, Gates, be uards, lrellises, etc. / is made in two types: One using coal or wood and gas; the other designed for coal, or wood and oil. WRIGHT WIRE CO. Worcester, Mass. | 4 If you want year-’round kitchen comfort, better cooking results and decreased fuel bills, use the DUPLEX ALCAZAR. It is made ina variety of seyles® In porcelain, steel and cast iron construction by a stove factory that makes “QUALITY” its watchword. The best dealer in your vicinity is displaying the DUPLEX ALCAZAR. See, or write us, mentioning whether you are interested in the Gas or Oil types. ALCAZAR RANGE & HEATER CO., 382 Cleveland Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. HIS MASTERS VOICE“ So the public may know Victrola is the Registered Trademark of the Victor Talking Machine Company desig- nating the products of this Company only. The use of the word Victrola upon or in the promotion or sale of any other Talking Machine or Phonograph products is misleading and illegal. Ask any Victor dealer to play for you any kind of music you wish to hear and to demonstrate the various styles of the Victor and Victrola—$i1o to $400. Victor Talking Machine Co., Camden, N. J., U.S.A. Important Notice, Victor Records and Victor Machines are scientifically coordi- nated and synchronized by our special processes of manufacture, and their use, one with the other, is absolutely essential to a perfect Victor reproduction. Victor Supremacy LEE, iT THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK “ November, 1917 In This Issue The Arnold Arboretum : ‘i by Food Crops Under Glass Can You Cook a Potato? Price, 25 Cents SN Sees ie Prof. C. S. Sargent The Heating Problem iC “That's the only reason dealers offer substitutes for WHITTALL RUGS De ee 2 There are two kinds of stores which feature nationally advertised and trade-marked merchandise—those who Know The Best and strive to give you the benefit of their knowledge and their experience —and those who Seek Merely to Impress You with a suggestion of Quality by a smattering of articles of Known Worth and Merit. Hardy Trees and Plants for Every Piace and Purpose pe Flowering Crabs blossom witha loveliness and fragrance that surpasses ordinary apples. Some double flowering sorts re- semble roses in form and beauty. Your most reliable merchant invariably suggests Whittall Rugs Our assortment includes numerous kinds, many of- which, in addition to flowers, have small brilliant red or yel- low fruits of highly decorative value. The Crab Apple Tree is small in stature, and therefore suitable for Shrubberies _and places where small growing Trees are required, Lilacs and Crab Apples are but two families out of the very inclusive assort- ment of Hardy Trees and Plants that Moon’s have. If interested in planting of any kind, write us and send for Cat- alogue A- 3 | THE WM. H. MOON COMPANY Nurserymen Morrisville, Pa. Philadelphia Office ‘The Moon Nursery Corp... 21S. Twelfth Street White Plains, N.Y. STH T 1 P "ty Py Ty P wy RU RATT TIN But occasionally you will find a dealer who knows the Whittall Reputation for Reliability and so buys a few Whittall Rugs in the hope that you will accredit to his entire carpet department the feeling of Security and Confidence created by this Trade Mark PAIN Eo Swear. OTe Such a dealer displays his Whittall rugs prominently on the front of his rug racks or places them on the top of the piles for much the same reason that the wily peddler places the best apples on the top of the barrel. He will seldom offer to sell you Whittall rugs voluntarily, but you can buy them even from him if you will ask for them and refuse to accept the substitutes he tries to force on you ata greater profit to himself. za Wifi i) “Oriental Art in Whittall Rugs ’’ isa beautiful book illustrated in colors which you may have by writing M. J. Whittall Associates 304 Brussels Street Worcester, Massachusetts GILLETTE ’S A Garden Library for a Hardy Ferns and Flowers For Dark, Shady Places Plan NOW to get ready to Wag plant your native ferns, in CS plants and bulbs. early in 4 We of the spring. Early plant- . ing brings best Fa: ie results. ; Send for descrip- tive catalogue of over 80 pages. It’s FREE. EDWARD GILLETT 3 Main Street, Southwick, Mass. Dollar and a Quarter Bound volumes of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE represent the last word on gardening. It is really a loose leaf cyclope- dia of horticulture. You are kept up to date. Save your cop- ies of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE and let us bind them for you. There is a new volume every six months, and Vol. 24 is ready now. Send your magazines by Parcel Post and we will supply index, and bind them for you for $1.25. If you have not kept all of the numbers, we will supply the missing copies at 25c each, or we will supply the bound vol- ume complete for $2.00. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE can be of more service this year than ever before, and you can get most out of the magazine when you bind it, and keep it in permanent form. Address: Circulation Department GARDEN MAGAZINE, Garden City, N. Y. .) For Safe Tree Surgery _/ The Davey Tree Expert Co. 100 Elm St., Kent, O. Davey Tree Surgeons Be Bs Miieceusnr, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 118 ROayq©@X@Zeccz@ttetett¥ete UM dddddcdedddeddeedddddeeeededeeeeeddeeededeeedeeeeeeeeeededddddddddddddedlddddddedddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddézzz Vdd dddedddddddddddddldddddddldltddddllledl Requests for plants are constantly made to the Arboretum by persons who see or hear of them here and are unable to find them in any American commercial nursery. The Arboretum is unable to meet such demands which come from all parts of the country in increasing numbers, and Messrs. Farquhar at my suggestion have _ propagated and now offer for sale some of the most desirable of these Arboretum novelties, including a large number of the new trees and shrubs introduced by the Arboretum from China. Des- criptions of many of the plants offered in this catalogue, and of other new and interesting plants appear, as they flower here, in the Bulletins of Popular Information issued by the Arboretun. Arnold Arboretum. Ve - LTT Uda Quotation from introduction to catalogue, “New and Rare Plants,” which will be mailed free on request to R. & J. Farquhar Co., 6 and 7 South Market St., Boston Ee eeeornereeccmanne se | nT car areca caaraamaa amarante Ldddee@q@ eee EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEECECHECHCEECEEECEECHECEEEM@@@l”tlll LLLOLALLLLLL LLL LLL LOLOL LLL LLOLLULLLLLLLU LOLOL LCL LLL LOLOL LOOM MM arden Full ‘ p! Darwin Y Tulips & forg 25 In anticipation of again anes before our customers a collection of Darwin Tulips we & had a sufficient quantity grown so that we can [i offer . 75 Giant Darwin Tulip Bulbs, Finest Mixed, for $1.25 Selected from fifteen named varieties We Urge Early Orders—While we feel quite certain that we will receive enough bulbs to fill all orders for this collection, owing to present shipping conditions we may be obliged to return money to those ordering late. MMe Ideal Plants for Your Underglass Garden Do you recall the graceful, feathery, blooming pot plants, mostly _ white, sold around Easter by your florist? Astilbes, as they are called, make ideal pot plants, because they combine beauty and ease of culture in a high degree. You can easily grow them, in the house, if you plant our large (now dormant) clumps in pots NO/V! New Astilbe Hybrids (“Sms”) Far surpass the kinds commonly sold in size of individual spikes and brilliancy of colors. The following new Arendsi Hybrids, shown growing in our nursery below, bear lovely spikes, about 3 feet tall. RES—light rose. JUNO—rosy violet. ROSE PEARL—white with silvery sheen. SILV ER WHIT E—distinctly beautiful. VENUS—deep rose. V EST A—light rose. PRICE, 35c. each; $3.00 for 10 Transplanted to the hardy border next Spring, they will live and bloom for years. Complete Catalogue, Yours Free on Request Designed to give you glimpses 1 into one of nature’s treasure stores of hardy plants. Rigorous, rugged Mount Desert Island, the home of Amer- ica’s “Most Northerly” Nursery, produces plants of a quality not obtainable elsewhere. Let the catalogue acquaint you with all we offer. CLARA BUTT MOON DESERT ee Bar Harbor, Maine Few Spring flowering plants rival the Darwin Tulip for brilliancy of bloom. With flowers [Be as large as the Oriental Poppy, in a wide range of colors and shades, borne on strong stems often “exceeding three feet, they are a wonderful addition to the flower garden. Plant any time before ground becomes frozen and they will bloom during May Mail this advertisement, or present at our store, with check, money order, cash or stamps and secure this exceptional collection, sent prepaid to any point in the U.S. east of the Mississippi. For points west and Canada add 25c ($1.50). Our 1917 Fall Bulb Catalogue sent on request E 30-32 Barclay St. © Snips alk (e New York City [ Se a Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 114 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE TT “Totty’s “Mums- NovEMBER, 1917 = -ANDORRA | - NURSERIES | Mi | A Terse and Timely Truism iil For the past fifteen years, we have preached the gospel of improved Chrysanthemums, both for in- door and outdoor culture and to-day the very finest varieties in Commerce are our introductions. «ic We Are Still Progressing Our Novelties as yet unnamed, will be shown at all the large Fall Exhibitions. Novelties in Roses for Greenhouse Planting “OPHELIA SUPREME” Every once in a while, Na- ture makes a_ wonderful . “COLUMBIA” The New Rose Pink, which is thuly,)the »-Gem) olf thie Roses.” Norway Maples E EST of trees for || E street planting. : Quick growing. Broad headed and very hardy. Approved by Tree Com- missions everywhere. Andorra Maples are lift with splendid fibrous roots. Size Each Ten 10ft. $1.50 $10 12ft. $2.50 $20 14ft. $3.50 $25 ANDORRA NURSERIES Wm. Warner Harper, Prop. Chestnut Hill, Phila,, Pa, Box 100 =A break, and produces, what Price: 75c plant; $7.50 per dozen. “TITANIA” A brilliant combination of scarlet and gold, unique among the small flowered Roses. Price: 306 ae $3.00 per dozen. in horticultural parlance is Called) aygspontaqa a suclaiea! production is Ophelia Su- preme, a wonderful improve- ment over its parent the well-known Ophelia. Price: 75c¢ plant; $7.50 per dozen. The Outdoor Rose Novelties from Europe, will include: Dickson’s Varieties for 1918 H. B. Pinkerton; Marchioness of Ormond; Ulster Volunteer and Blush Queen, which will be fully described in our 1918 catalogue. We test all the World’s Best Novelties for You! Totty— The Novelty Man ORGEOUS in coloring, of excellent dimensions and growth, adding wonderfully to the beauty of the spring landscape will bethe blooms that result from the planting of Thien buenas Bulbs. Send for our bulb catalogue at once soastoplant your bulbs at the proper time. Or, send a $1 bill with your request for our catalogue and we shall send ° you a splendid assortment of our choicest bulbs. Write to-day. J. M. THORBURN & CO. 53B Barclay St. through to 54 Park Place WG Madison, New Jersey NEW YORK CITY Twit IT I CCN A TT TT 000 The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Gardening i ——s ih ol NoveEMBER, 1917 Rs THE RDE? MAGAZINE NOVEMBER 1917 q CONTENTS CoveR DEsIGN—INSIDE THE GREENHOUSE; With Oncipium Varicosum - - - J.P. Verrees PAGE AMONG OvuR GARDEN NEIGHBORS” - - 117 The Use of the Iris—The Hardy Yellow Reo een Facts—Is the Fireless Cooker Used in Canning?— Why Does the Beetle Attack the Aster?—New Buddleia or Summer Lilac from Seeds—Flowers in February—Antirrhinum Gibraltarica—Ferns for House Plants—When Room Plants Become Leggy— An Original Sundial—Fall Color in the Rock Garden —Meconopsis Integrifolia—Why Buddleias Die— Wintering ‘Canterbury Bells and Foxgloves—A. Gar- dener’s Winter Pastime—Spice Sw eet and Sweet Bough. Six illustrations. Tue Montu’s REMINDER- - - - - - - - 120 THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM—WA3HaT IT Is AND DOES C.S. Sargent 122 Photographs by E. I. Farrington, Arthur G. Eldredge, George O. Stoddard and others ELECTRICITY FOR HE ATING FRAMES W.C. McCollom 125 Plans by the author LittLte CHAT ON GREENHOUSE HEATING J.N. MacArthur 127 Photographs Supplied by Author ‘THE GREENHOUSE THAT IsN’T HEATED W.WN. Craig 129 Photograph by Arthur G. Eldredge : GETTING THE GARDEN UNDER GLASS - F.F. Rockwell 130 Tilustrations by the author Maxine ReEat UsE OF THE GARDEN’S CROPS Inga M.K. Allison 132 WHAT THE Frorists WILL OFFER IN HOoLipAy PLANTS - - - - - Robert Kift 133 Photographs oe H. Troth and J. A. Peterson Can You Cook a Porato? - Effie M. Robinson 134 Photographs by H. E. Angell WINTER Protection - - - - - C.L. Meller 135 Photographs by the author NOVEMBER IN THE SOUTH - - - - - - - 136 Opportunity for Fall Planting—Preparations For Next Year’s Food Gardens - - - - J.M. Patterson Fall Plowing for an Early Start- Samuel H. Garekol Society Notes AND NEWS - - - - - - - 138 New York SprING SHOW - - - - - - - - 138 THE EXHIBITION SEASON - - - - - - - - 138 HELPING THE FRENCH ORCHARDISTS - - --- I40 Why Not Bind Your Magazines? Bound volumes of The Garden Magazine give you an up-to-date Cyclopedia of Horticulture. the volume. when you send back your loose copies. LEONARD BARRON, EpiTor ee. — ae = | _ ee Six numbers to Index supplied Free. The cost 1s only $1.25, Published Monthly, 25c. a copy. Subscription, Two Dollars a Year. For Canada, $2.35; Foreign Countries, $2.65. COPYRIGHT, 1917, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY GARDEN CITY, N. Y. F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President ARTHUR W. PAGE. HERBERT S. HOUSTON, Vice-Presidents Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 Secretary = SEF Si Se 2 @e Ye ES iE aaa... .. S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY, THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 105 Garden view of enamental portion of greenhouse group erected for J. L. Severence, Cleveland, Ohio GREENHOUSES A Model One for Group Development OR AN attractive well balanced group of houses, one either complete unto itself, or erected with the idea of possible future additions, let us hasten to put our unrestricted seal of approval on this one. The plan below shows its development into a com- pact, thoroughly practical grouping. Of course we have no intentions of putting undue emphasis on these large groups of houses, when what you may want just now is a much smaller one. But supposing you had wanted a large one; wouldn’t you have been decidedly interested in this one? Whatever size, however, you may be thinking of, send for our new catalogue. It contains all sizes from small leantos, up to houses much larger and more pretentious than even this one. Hitchings a Gompany General Offices and Factory—Elizabeth, N. J. BOSTON 49 Federal Street PHILADELPHIA 40 So. 15th Street NEW YORK 1170 Broadway oat GNA DAES DIR VECNAN aAWael sh ia MEL = OS EES ipa of ihe gaueteies group as Sten ae Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too i i | 116 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE ; NovEemMBER, 1917 i mM 2) CAS IAA ii) ETT cc = WM. H. LUTTON CO. ge ernie Nie 5M ; Main Office and Factory ike Wing and Service House of the Range of Greenhouses 263-269 Kearney Ave., Jersey City, N. J.: Greenhouses aud Garage erected for Rufus W. Scott, erected for Galen L. Stone, Esq., Marion, Mass. Show Room, 3rd Floor. Grand Central Terminal, N. Y. City Esq., Germantown, Pa. Western Office, 710 Sykes Block, Minneapolis, Minn. Horticultural Architects and Builders of Modern Greenhouses of Quality ALL TYPES ALL SIZES Conservatories Sun Parlors Garden Frames A Small Greenhouse and Cold Frames, all heated by ; Range of Greenhouses erected for Dr. H. N. Torrey, adjoining garage heating plant. Grosse Pointe (Detroit), Mich. a Greenhouse ze propagating AIO designed and built by the Wm. H. Lutton Co., to meet the special requirements of the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard Unveeee Boston, Mass., under the direction of Professor Charles S. Sargent, the eminent horticultural authority. il cen The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Nursery Stock, etc. rN ual NO Ft ¥ sy Irises as Soil Binders—We have read witha great deal of interest, in the June number of Tue Garpen Macazine, the article by Miss Sturtevant,. giving some of her experiences in raising Irises from seed. It is to be hoped that her suggestion in regard to the formation of an Iris Society may be acted upon at no distant date. Is there not a partial answer at least, to the question: ‘What shall I do with the ones I do not want to keep?” in the use men- tioned for this type of Iris by Miss Tomlinson of Tennessee, in the same issue? In describing “a hillside garden,” she tells us she planted German Iris to bind the soil. We know of an- other admirer of the Iris in California, who had a lot of Iris sent from an Eastern home, to plant on the terraces of her garden in her California home, for she said she had found they were the best plant to use for the loca- tion, to prevent washing of the soil. We are also told that in a certain locality in France they grow in millions, being used to hold to- gether the sand banks that surround the vine- yards. Surplus stock, particularly of the cheaper varieties and these new seedlings which are too good to throw on the dump heap —some better than many now being culti- vated—could be utilized for this purpose at slight expense provided one is not fortunate enough to have the stock.—Mrs. J. Dean, Moneta, California. The Hardy Yellow Rose——In connec- tion with the hardy yellow Roses mentioned by A. E. Thatcher in THE GarpEN MaGazineE for April and R. 8. Sturtevant in the July issue, it may be of interest that the Copper Austrian was wintered successfully here, for several years, where the temperature will be as low as 40 degrees below zero every winter, at some time. It wes not killed back at all until last winter when chere was severe frost and no snow until Christmas. The Scotch Yellow was not injured in the least. They have no pro- tection of any kind, being on the open prairie, but ordinarily the snow covers them from four to eight feet deep. The Wichuraiana Hybrid, Klondyk, has survived our winter as has the Soliel d’Or (“earthed up ’ twelve inches or so). The Persian Yellow and Harison’s are hardy here. This year I am trying Yellow Austrian, single and double; Gottfried Keller, an Aus- trian Hybrid; and Daniel Lusneur, the only yellow Rugosa I have met, although Dolly Varden is described as apricot, and somtimes as pink. There is no lack of hardy Roses of other shades, but yellow is rare here—d. WV. Mackay, Canada. A Few Facts.—I bought my first copy of Tue GARDEN Macazine, February 1905, at the newsstand ‘and, strange to say, have been buying a copy there each month since that time. Not very good economy, but I have always considered that THE GarpeEn Maca- ZINE was cheap at any price. Thisis the season for fish stories, so a seed story may add variety. Last March I concluded I would sow some seed of the Cardinal Climber indoors, to get an early start. After filing the seeds as per - directions, T planted them in a bulb pan, watered them and placed a pane of glass over the top, after which I set the pan on the radiator (vapor system heat). This was at 3 Pp. M. At Io o'clock that night one seed had sprouted, and the next morning the young plants were all up with their heads against the glass. Can you “beat”? it? My friends all look sad when I re- late this story. I wonder why?—d. 4. Knoch, York, Pennsylvania. Is the Fireless Cooker Used in Canning?— The article on “‘*Doing Up’ the Surplus From the Garden” which appeared in THE GaRDEN MacazineE for June.was accompanied by a photograph showing a fireless cooker, but I have never seen rules for its use in canning— “fool proof” rules, I mean.—/J. H. Cary, Mass. —The fireless cooker may be used in canning. Prepare the vegetables in the morning. W hen the fire is started in the range to get dinner the vessel containing the cans is put on the range, also a soapstone disc. By the time the water in the container boils the disc is hot, and both are placed in the fireless cooker for one hour. A demonstrator from the College of Agricul- ture at Ithaca claims that the same results may be obtained by blanching the vegetables and leaving them in the fireless cooker for four hours. I have had such splendid results with the three days’ method that I have never tried the other way.—E. E. Trumbull, New York. Why Does the Beetle Attack this Aster?— Every book on gardening and countless impas- sioned articles impress upon one the value and beauty of Hardy Asters. So far I have failed to notice even one mention of any difficulties inci- dent to their cultivation. In my own garden, however, in Loudoun County, Virginia, they are 117 useless, as the aster beetle attacks them as fe- rociously as it does the Annual Asters. [| have tried all the best known varieties and one only, Mrs. Raynor, isimmune. It is only these garden forms that are touched; the native spe- cles in our woods and along our lanes are abso- lutely untouched. It seems very strange that this trouble should be experienced only in my own garden—I doubt very much if it is so con- fined. And I think that the w arning should be given to gardeners in our latitude (having about the same conditions as Philadel phia) that one’s final garden effect should not come to naught. Do you know whether spraying would be helpful:—Mrs. Floyd W. Harris, Washington, D. C. New Buddleia or Summer Lilac, from Seeds.— Did it ever occur to you, who is an admirer of this new summer flowering shrub, that you can raise it from seed and obtain a plant different in growth, shape of leaf, shape of blossom stalk and even size of individual blossoms? Two years ago we sowed a lot of seed from a faded blossom spike and hundreds of plants came up—amongst them were several entirely differ- ent from the parent plant. The flower spikes, instead of being tapering or pointing and gradually blooming out, are rather solid in appearance and round, not at all tapering and more blossoms are out at one time, and the in- dividual blossoms are larger giving the whole bush a much handsomer appearance; these new hybrids are very vigorous, rapid in growth and all together are a great improvement over the type —The Pudor Farms, Washington. Buddleia Davidii, to sania the numerous forms known as Veitchii, variabilis, magnifica, Wilsoni, etc., are referred, is extremely variable and our correspondent’s form is undoubtedly merely another seedling variation and not a hybrid at all. Indeed a similarly compact form was seen at an exhibition of the Horti- cultural Society of New York in August.—£d.| Flowers in February.—In the September number of THE GarpDEN Macazine a lady makes mention of some of the flowers that give her a successiomof bloom through every month of the year, but states that she does not always get outdoor bloom during January and February. She ought to add to her collection The Christmas Rose, Helleborus niger, which blooms profusely under the snow in midwinter. sil, (Colin dee 118 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NOVEMBER, 1917 Antirrhinum Gibraltarica—The Snapdra- gons such as we grow for cutting or bedding may on rare occasions live through the winter but are not dependable. In A. gibraltarica we have, however, a thoroughly hardy species which blooms right through the summer. The plant is particularly well adapted for culture in the rock garden, attains a height of 18 inches and carries spikes of pink flowers. It has come through the past two winters with no protection other than a very thin coating of leaves such as is given to other such plants and can, therefore, be classed as reliably hardy. I have not noticed any rust or blight on this Snapdragon, although the ordinary varieties grown for forcing or bedding are badly affected. —W.N.C., Mass. Ferns for House Plants.—Many people have had my experience with the florists’ all-ready-to-sell collection of Ferns in a fern dish. It is bought with high hopes; its life is short. When one considers that the florists put into a collection any of forty or so varieties of little Ferns, it is not surprising that such a selection is often a poor one. It is far better I find to specify varieties desired and have the fern dish filled with these. Among the best ferns for the house are the following: Pteris cretica albo-lineata; Pteris Wilsoni, a variety of cretica; Polystichum ‘Tsus-sinense; Pellaea viridis; Cyrtomium falcatum variety Rochfor- dianum. The last named is a Holly Fern, one of the very best of ferns for fern dishes, single specimen plants and window boxes.—E. E. S., Brooklyn, N. Y. When Room Plants Become Leggy.—A very good way of dealing with Rubber plants, Dracaenas, Cordylines, Aralias and similar room plants that have grown spindly—or leggy as it 1s called—is shown in the photograph. In the first place, it is needful to cut a small pot in half with an old saw. Then at about the middle of the stem make a long slanting cut upward half way through. Fill the two halves of the pot with damp moss and place one on either side of the cut portion of the stem, finally tying into position as shown in the Lowering a “leggy”’ plant by inducing root formation at a convenient height illustration. Keep the moss damp and in a month or so the upper portion of the plant will have sent out a quantity of roots into the damp moss. When this has taken place the upper portion may be severed from the rest of the plant and potted up separately. Very often after this treatment the lower part of the plant sends up some shoots and, apart from the new specimen secured, its own improve- ment will be the outcome.—S. Leonard Bastin, England. _ An Original Sundial—The accompany- ing photograph shows a “home-made” sun- dial, which conforms to the garden and house to which it belongs. The house is a remodel- led farmhouse surrounded by orchards and Bird bath made by setting rough stones in cement around a shallow basin fields bounded by old stone walls. These walls furnished material for the sundial, only the very choicest moss and _ lichen-covered stones being used, and all laid up in Portland cement. The flowers (all hardy perennials) in the garden are planted around an oval grass-plot, and the sun-dial stands in the mid- - dle of this with stepping stones leading to and around it from each side covered entrance. Narcissus bulbs are to be planted at the base this fall for early spring flowering, fol- lowed later by summer flowers. The dial itself is of bronze. But it is the cement top which is unusual, being rounded off and roughened to look as much like one of the stones as possible, and having ferns and leaves pressed into the cement while it was still soft and removed just before it dried. A bird bath was made in the same way, using an old china wash-bowl as a foundation built up with cement to be shallow enough to please our feathered friends. The basin is surrounded by paving stones laid in cement. The imprints of the ferns and leaves look not unlike fossils. Indeed those in the bird bath might have been made by leaves falling from the Maple tree overhead. Some time there is to be a teahouse at one side, with a thatched roof and stone seats; built in a semi-circle into the stone wall which separates the flower from the vegetable garden ——and which, covered with vines—forms the wonderfully artistic background for the whole garden.—B. S. Provost, Winsted, Connecticut. Fall Color in the Rock Garden.—It seems as though a rock garden was mostly a spring garden but with September my _ hit-or-miss patch (that for lack of better term I call a rock garden) has gathered charm. A few big plants of Campanula rotundifolia, still decked with their lavender bells, are rampant; a little colony, near by, of the doubtfully hardy Parnassia caroliniana with its shiny basal leaves and eight-inch stems bearing sea- foam-white buttercups forms a bit of contrast. Farther on, gray Artemisia struggles for supremacv with the tender green of Sedum spectabile, its rather dull mauve- pink touched off by thedeeper tones of the variety Bril- liant. Here and there wild Asters, the smooth leaved laevis, the starry ericoides and clust- ered cordifolius, have seeded in; the shade -loving co- rymbosus lightens most happily the dull “‘magentery” - pink of Lespedeza Sieboldi which throws its graceful sprays out over an outstanding boulder, while lower down in the moist shade the white again ‘enlivens the scattered yellow of the Wood Goldenrod. Here also are dull blue Closed Gentians, late lingering Cardinal-flowers and the frosted fronds of Ferns. The frost brings many a colorful tint to a wider landscape but in my re- stricted space where perennials reign alone Euphorbia corollata is all that gives a scarlet bit of autumn glory, Weirdly well does it blaze above clumps of the true Autumn Cro- cuses but most painfully does it swear at the pinker tones of Colchicums. How fortunate it is that garden things are not always just to your mind for where then would be that pleasure of striving for the ideal?—R. S. Sturtevant, Wellesley Farms, Mass. Such a sundial is easily made from a few large stones and a little cement Mr. Duffy’s Essay°in the September issue of THe GarpEN Macazine is the cause of this communication. In the past, I had had a gteat deal of trouble handling the by-products of the chicken crop, and having solved the problem to my own satisfaction, my experi- ment may be of use to Mr. Duffy or others who have had similar difficulties. Several years ago my attention was called to a commercial poultry litter and the advantages claimed were: that it did away with the use of drop- ping boards and always kept the house dry and odorless. I have been using it now for five years and the results are most satisfactory. The house is cleaned about three times a year and the fertilizer put in barrels in a dry place to use when wanted. When removed it is a dry odorless powder and is very easy to handle. It does not bake the soil; in fact, I think that the peat of which the litter is made improves it. While the litter is rather ex- pensive, I think the resultant fertilizer more than repays the cost, and its use certainly re- duces work in the hen house to a mintmum.— B. Preston Schoyer, Pittsburg, Pa. Meconopsis Integrifolia—It is now some eleven or twelve years since Mr. E. H. Wilson first sent to England seeds of this extraordinary plant from Western China, and when sub- sequently exhibited in flower, for the first time at the Temple Show, I believe, it immediately arrested the attention of all interested in hardy plants. Although several species of Meconopsis were known and cultivated it was not supposed that any of the genus could de- velop flowers of such wonderful size and beauty, and though of only biennial duration it was at once recognized as one of the most remarkable of the many new plants received from Mr. Wilson. Leaving England soon after, I did not have an opportunity of be- coming better acquainted with this Mecon- opsis, but in the early spring of 1916 I saw seeds advertised in an English list, procured NoveEMBER, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE One of the plants of Meconopsis integrifolia flowered by Mr. Thatcher. ‘‘Possibly the most gorgeous alpine extant.”’ some, and the results may interest GARDEN MaGazine readers. The seeds were fortunately fresh, which is important in cultivating Meconopsis, and sown in shallow pans with ample drainage and light sandy soil; quickly germinated in a cool house and as soon as large enough to handle were potted off singly into small pots in a mixture of loam, decayed leaf mold and sand. When well established after the move they were transferred to a coldframe and kept well shaded from the sun. In this situation they made healthy looking plants, and by the mid- dle of summer were ready for larger pots or planting out. Having only nine or ten plants I decided to put them in eight-inch pots with plenty of drainage and in a mixture of loam and well decayed cow manure, an ingredient to which this plant is extremely partial. By fall strong plants had resulted, and when the leaves died off, a healthy looking crown was left for the next year. The pots were win- tered in a coldframe with sufficient protection of leaves to prevent their breaking. About the beginning of May, I was glad to see the new growth starting up, and then removed the plants to an open but shaded position, keeping them well supplied with water when necessary. This treatment apparently agreed well with them, for by the end of July strong stems were being sent up from the centre of half a dozen plants, and during the third week in August Meconopsis integrifolia flowered for the first time in America. (As noted in the September issue, page 39.) Mr. Wilson, in his most interesting book, “A Naturalist in Western China,” writing of the Meconopsis says: “. . . and M. integrifolia, with yellow flowers eight inches or more across—possibly the most gorgeous alpine plant extant.” This description is well deserved, and after seeing a few plants in flower in this country one can well under- stand what a wonderful sight it must be to see many thousands of these great blossoms thickly huddled together on the mountain slopes of Western China, in its home among the snows. The leaves of M. integrifolia are eight or nine inches in length by two in breadth, silvery green in color and densely covered with strong hairs, as indeed is the whole plant. The flower stem, about one and a half inches through at the base, rises some twenty inches above the foliage, and carries from five to seven cup-shaped flowers. The first flower to open on each plant is some- what larger than the others. The terminal blossoms on the plants flowered here were seven inches across, and the subsequent ones six inches. The color is a most beautiful pale yellow, and the beauty of the flowers is much enhanced by the conspicuous yellow stamens clustered around the base of the cor- olla. During the past spring I obtained more seeds which germinated well and have made a splendid growth planted out’ in_ heavily manured ground on the north side of a hedge. As this Meconopsis grows at an elevation of from 15,000 to 16,000 feet amid almost per- petual snow there can be no question of its perfect hardiness, and its successful cultiva- tion is not difficult. It is essential that one obtain fresh seed, and from the time that this is sown until the plants flower there must be no attempt at coddling. A_ cool, shady position, and a soil well enriched with cow manure are the most important cultural points to observe—A. E. Thatcher, Bar Harbor, Maine. Why Buddleias Die.—The Buddleias, or Summer Lilacs, are so persistent flow- ering that every garden should contain ~~ one or two of them. Having grown a number of varieties | have decided that (~ variabilis magnifica is decidedly the best, its racemes are long and full and carried in wonderful profusion. I find © that these Buddleias need no winter protection, provided they are not cut back in the fall. [This is our experience, too.—Ed.] Leave all the growth on until spring, then cut back close to the ground for the best results. A good many have made the mistake in doing this cutting back in late fall and in nearly every case plants have then died. As we occasion- ally get temperatures here of 10 to 15° below zero, Buddleias may be classed as reliably hardy. A very pretty border just now has a background of Buddleia magnifica, in front of this a broad band of Anemone japonica alba with a bordering of Heliotrope—W. N. C., Mass. [In a garden at Woodmere, L. I., we saw lately, a large number of self sown plants of the Buddleia. They had sprung up all over the garden.—Ed.] Wintering Canterbury Bells and Foxgloves.— I have tried for several years to raise Can- terbury Bells and Foxgloves, but with very poor success because I cannot hit upon a scheme for wintering them. [I have no green- house nor coldframe even, my garden being only a 200x 12 ft. border. Has any one else in the latitude of Chicago had success in wintering these plants under these cir- cumstances? I understand that it is not the cold but rather the rotting of the crowns caused by standing water. Would overturned boxes make a suitable covering? I am trying this year, too, to raise some of the rarer perennial Bellflowers besides the lovely biennials. Are they also hard to winter? I take a wealth of magazines but can truly say that THE GaRDEN MaGazINE gives me a 119 pleasure that none of the others furnish.— “Flower Lover,” Illinois. —Canterbury Bells and Foxgloves cannot be wintered with any assurance of substantial success in the latitude of the northern half of Illinois without a coldframe. In fact, I have given up raising them after some years of struggle because I prefer to devote the frames to other subjects such as a crop of St. Brigid Anemones and Ranunculus for spring cutting and to winter Chrysanthemums of doubtful hardiness, Wallflowers, Tufted Pansies, parsley, November and early December head lettuce, and for an early start for some vegetables in the spring. While Canterbury Bells and Foxgloves are showy and altogether desirable, I think it is necessary to have a good sized planting, one hundred plants, say, to develop their full gardening value. If the plants are grown to proper development in the fall to produce their best crop of flowers, they are bulky and take up a lot of room in the limited quarters of a cold- frame. ‘The best success I have had with them outside a frame consisted in raising the seed- lings in a row, thinning them enough to allow full development, and then in the fall covering them with planks, supported on bricks sufh- cient to clear the foliage without pressing upon it. I should say that the row was hilled up. In this way the Foxgloves came through nicely and a large percentage of the Can- terbury Bells. The latter I a find more susceptible to Well grown example of the rare Meconopsis integrifolia. Leaves 8-9 inches long, silvery green; flowers yellow, 8 or more inches across. (Photograph made in England.) 120 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE moisture than the Foxgloves. They are hardy so far as cold is concerned but the crowns must be kept reasonably dry and protected from the thawing and freezing so common in this section. Here is another catch in this method. Having brought them through the winter, it becomes necessary to transplant them into the quarters reserved for them. In disturbing the roots in moving them, a large number will devote their energy to reéstablishing them- selves and will not throw up blossom spikes. To be sure of a crop of bloom they should be allowed to remain in permanent quarters. To obviate the difficulty of moving them I have wintered Canterbury Bells in eight inch pots in the coldframe. As they make a big root growth, they naturally become cramped and when planted out in the spring do not give the vigorous growth of blossom spikes that they should. When I want a display, now (and every once in a while I revert as I have had them on and off for years), I improvise a coldframe with soap boxes and such vagrant window sash as I can lay hands upon, and place it over the plants where they are to bloom. This is an easy matter and the idea of making them air and cold tight need not be considered. The main consideration is to keep them dry. The same ideas applies to that stateliest of all fall garden biennials, the Chimney Bell- flower, Campanula pyramidalis. All three are biennial and really are more trouble than they are worth unless one has at his command ample coldframe facilities. The improved forms of the Peach-leaved Bellflower, Campanula per- sicifolia, I find an acceptable substitute for the Canterbury Bell. They are not only perennial but come through all sorts of weather without any fussing save a light mulch of leaves or pine needles in the fall. Foxgloves often will survive the winter with- out protection—that is, while the central crown dies, there will be side buds to survive and grow. I have two large flourishing clumps now awaiting cold weather which came up from self sown seed two years ago and have come through without blossom crowns, but plenty of leaves. I am letting them alone in the hope that possibly next spring they may function. The old-fashioned Yellow Foxglove, Digitalis ambigua or grandiflora, is the hard- iest of the tribe; that is, it is most resistant to changes of thawing and freezing and is more nearly perennial as I have had it endure for three or four seasons, but it succumbs in time. —Sherman R. Duffy, Chicago, Illinots. A Gardener’s Winter] Pastime.—There are many indoor activities for the gardener during the cold. season. There are outdoor activities as well. One of the most pleasant of these 1s the gathering, trimming, sharpening, and storing (ready for spring use), the brush for peas, and the poles for all kinds of climbing beans. After all, there is no support for peas like brush, and the wise gardener will always use 1t; while poles are essential for climbing beans. Aside from the fact that it is a delight- ful outdoor pastime, the gathering of brush and poles in cold weather is desirable because winter is the time for such work. All the bushes and trees (except the evergreens, which could not in any event be utilized) are bare. The eye can see at a glance what is good and what is not. Also, the material so gathered, while bare, and with most of the sap down, will be green and tough and strong, and will last through several seasons. This plan is surely far ahead of the crude custom of visiting some old heap of dead brush (usually from an A novel idea for small bulbs. Planted on floating pieces of cork with moss orchard’s pruning) and trying to pick out something which is not too brittle or too rotten to use—and doing it in haste, at a time when there are a thousand other calls from the grow- ing garden. While small attention has been paid to the kinds of brush and poles best adapted to the use to which they are to be put, there is some- thing of importance to be said on that score. Among the very best brush for peas are the heavier trimmings from Privet hedges; young Oak bushes (especially Scarlet Oak) that havea habit of branching heavily; Wild Cherry shrubs; and sprouts from any hardwood stumps except Hickory and Chestnut—these last, sending up long straight shoots, are undesirable on ac- count of their lack of small branches. How- ever, these very onés are admirable for bean- poles. As a rule they are straight and strong, and their lasting quality is excellent. Among other woods that are well adapted to this purpose are common Birch, Alder, all kinds of Oak, Ash, and Gum. In the South young Pine saplings are frequently used. Of course, it may be said that poles of any kind will support beans; and this is commonly true. Buta pole NOVEMBER, 1917 of any kind, after one season’s use, may col- lapse; any kind of a pole may be crooked, scrubby, unsightly. Even in the growing of so unromantic a product as beans, the element of beauty should not be neglected. I cut poles and brush with a sharp scout- hatchet; and as for getting the gathered mat- ter home, I follow different plans. Sometimes it is pulled in on a handsled; sometimes it is stored away in a secret place until I have time to go for it; sometimes I shoulder it in, or drag it in, about twenty ‘poles at a time.—d/. Rutledge, Mercersburg, Pa. Spice Sweet and Sweet Bough.—In look- ing over some back numbers of THE Gar- DEN Macazin_e (which is a good thing to do), I came across a neighborly note from M. G. Kains in eloquent praise of the Sweet Bough apple. I was particularly interested as] haveon my place a very old apple tree whose identity has puzzledtus and I seem in Mr. Kains’s note to detect aclue. Our tree is near the kitchen door, as if placed conveniently for small people, and about here it is called Spice Sweet. This however, I feel sure is a local name as I have not been able to find it in apple lists of either books or catalogues. Local plant names are always interesting and this one is particularly pleasant sounding and descriptive, but as our old tree is well down the other side of the hill toward the sunset—so old that though we have done all we know to prolong its valued life, its seasons are plainly numbered and we are anxious to plant others against the time when the spring sunshine shall fail to awaken its fragrant blossoms. Mr. Kains’s adjectives de- scriptive of the Sweet Bough, “delicious, luscious, scrumptious, splyschious” so ex- actly repeat those used by my youngsters in praise of our favorite, who add delightedly **the juice just runs down our chins, mother, ” that I am hoping that they may be the same. It is a green apple with an alluring pink cheek;, it is sweet even at its greenest and so juicy that one’s chin is really in danger of inundation. Mr. Kains lays stress upon its apparent harm- lessness to the very young. Here again is a pointincommon. Our Spice Sweet appears to: cause no trouble though eaten with but short intermissions from early rising to early going to bed. Plainly it is an apple to be considered if one could but find its true identity. If Mr. Kains can help us we shall be grateful, or if any neighbor knows another name for this old- fashioned apple, which might be well named. “The Mother’s Friend,” we shall be so happy to hear it.—Lowise Beebe Wilder, Pomona, N.Y, —[Spice Sweet is a “good” name, according to. the ‘Apples of New York” where it is recorded as of a variety commonly grown about 1830, but no description is given. Can it be that Mrs. Wilder has a real relic of old times—it’s quite possible that the old variety has per- sisted in that region remote from travel. Editor.] THE MONTH’S REMINDER CLEARING UP AND CLEARING OUT FOR WINTER HERE are plenty of things to keep the hustling gardener occupied during the shortening days of November, if he is to get everything cleaned up and ship-shape before winter. Bringing in the last of the tender bulbs needs early attention now. ‘They should be taken up before the ground actually begins to freeze, and be stored where they can dry off gradually, and still be safe from frost. Do not cut off the old stalks close to the bulbs or roots. Leave six to twelve inches attached when you take them up, so that they can “ripen off” gradually and naturally—other- wise they may shrivel or rot. Handle with care all fleshy roots such as Cannas and Dahlias. After the bulbs or roots have had a chance to dry off (but before there is danger of their being sufficiently dried off so much as to cause shrinking or shrivelling) carefully NOVEMBER, 1917 label and store in open boxes or crates in a place where the temperature will be around 40 degrees, and away from light. The very tender bulbs such as Caladium, “Calla, etc., will need a temperature some ten degrees higher. Vegetables for Storage NIONS, squash and such other vege- tables which may have been stored in temporary quarters to cure may now be put where they will be safe for the winter. Look over everything with the greatest care. Any that are imperfect or show even the slightest kind of bruising or decay must not be stored but used at once. Most fruits and vegetables keep best in an even temperature only a few degrees above freezing. A wet cellar, tightly ‘closed, will surely cause decay; while in an abnormally dry air, close stored products will fail to keep or will shrivel, causing loss not only in bulk but of quality too. Good ventilation is one of the important points about the storing place. For full details, and directions for storing, see the October number of THE GarpEN Mac- AZINE. Going to Use Concrete? yy ols. foundations, fence posts, repairs of all kinds and jobs innumerable about the grounds can be made with concrete. It is not difficult to use, but the one big danger at this time of the year, just as the gardener be- gins to find himself caught up with his work, and with a little leisure for new things, is that it may be spoiled by freezing weather before it has a chance “‘to set.” he danger from light frost can easily be avoided by covering up the work with warm horse manure or even with blankets and bags, until it is beyond the dan- ger point—the first night or two after being putin place. If you have never yet made use of concrete for such work try it out this fall. It is simpler than most kinds of carpentering orrepairing. The only equipment needed is a supply of Portland cement, clean, sharp sand or clean, hard gravel or cinders, and a strong, shallow box or stout, flat surface—such as an old shutter or cover for the hotbed—a hoe to mix them with and a shovel to put them into place after they are mixed. From any of the firms selling Portland cement you can get literature full of excellent suggestions on what may be done with concrete. Get Ready for Spring Before Winter Comes ET together supplies needed for start- ing seeds, repotting plants, etc., in February and March, when the garden is frozen up tight. Put a barrel or two of good loam or loamy compost down cellar, together with sufficient supplies of leafmold, chip-dirt, moss, sand, and any other ingredients you are likely to require. Coldframes or hotbeds, if they are not used through the winter will take some time to get into “shape for planting if all preparation is left to spring. Trench Celery for Fall Use : [! ‘HE earliest celery, which has been blanched in the open, will now be about used up. That wanted for use until real hard freez- ing, say till the last part of December, may be handled readily by “trenching”: it out of doors. Select a convenient, well drained place and open up a narrow trench, fifteen inches or so in width, and deep enough so that when the celery is packed in it—roots and all—the tops of the foliage will come about level with the ground. In taking up the plants, leave on all the soil that clings to the roots. Do not “handle” the plants in wet weather, but put them away when dry, pack- ing them closely, upright. As soon as there is danger of weather cold enough to hurt the celery, cover the trench over with marsh hay or leaves, preferably the former. As it gets still colder, put soil over the mulch, for further protection. The stalks will bleach out quickly in the trench, and can be taken out as re- quired. Running a Winter Resort for Bugs? ON’T get the mistaken impression that the job of cleaning up the garden at the conclusion of the season 1s for the sake of looks alone. One of the most effective steps to- ward controlling insects and diseases is to prevent their finding any place in the garden where they can put up for the winter. One small pile of rubbish or a handful of diseased leaves left on the ground over winter may carry enough eggs or spores to be the source of total failure of several crops next spring! A match in time saves ninety-nine garden troubles! Make a thorough job of it. Begin at one end of the garden and clean up as you go—any old stalks, cut-off tops, brush, poles, whatever may be left, row by row—until you get totheotherend. Flower-beds and borders are much more likely to be overlooked when DO THIS MONTH Take in tender and semi-hardy bulbs be- fore ground freezes Put vegetables in permanent winter quar- ters Do concrete work for walls and so forth be- fore frost Provide soil and other materials for next spring’s planting needs Trench celery for fall use Clean up the garden Clean up the flower beds Take up roots for forcing Mulch bulbs, hardy borders and roses Bring in first bulbs for forcing Provide suitable conditions for plants in the house Watch carefully vegetables and flowers under glass Begin winter spraying 1. 2s 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9} it comes to cleaning up than is the vegetable patch. But it is just as important to get them cleaned too. When the tops have been killed down by frost, go over every bed carefully. Remove the annuals and burn them, as soon as they are dry enough. ‘Take a scythe or sickle and cut off the tops a few inches above the ground. Remove these to a place where they can dry and be burned. Rake up any fallen leaves which may be diseased. Prevention pays! Replace by a clean mulch. Save Your Temper and Your Tines EFORE the ground begins to freeze take up roots of asparagus, rhubarb, and Witloof chicory for winter forcing. If the soil is very dry, water thoroughly a “few hours before you take them up. Then store them in a frame or cool cellar, where they can be taken into heat as wanted. In taking up roots an edger with which to cut off the ends of the ‘largest roots under the plant is a very handy thing in addition to a sharp spade. Another scheme is to put a heavy mulching around the plants to be’taken up, so that the ground will not freeze for some weeks later than it or- dinarily would. And Now Put the Garden to Bed F YOU have followed the suggestions given in previous months you have provided yourself with marsh hay, dry finely rotted manure, and dry hardwood leaves, put away under cover where they are dry and easy to get at. Now is the time! THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 121 As soon as the ground freezes up fairly hard, with the prospect of remaining so, 1s time to use these coverings. The winter mulch is not for the purpose of protecting the plants from the cold. They can be killed with too much care. It is to prevent the winter and early spring sun from flirting with them, and raising hob by thawing the ground about their roots and getting them all excited about com- ing out in their new foliage before warm wea- ther really means to stay, that the thoughtful gardener puts on a winter mulch. Dry manure is good for the perennial border, about newly planted hedges, and in other places where much of it can be raked or forked into the soil in the spring. For the Rose bed, nothing is better than dry leaves, held in place by a low strip of wire netting supported by small stakes. Manure can be applied under the leaves, but care should be taken not to put it in position, either here or any where else, before the ground has frozen and the mice have taken up their winter quarters elsewhere. For the new bulb bed, manure with a good per- centage of straw, or manure and leaves mixed together, makes a good mulch. Tender Roses may be given additional protection by drawing the soil up about them in a steep cone, before the mulch is put on. Blossoming Bulbs for Thanksgiving HE first of the winter blooming bulbs to be put in the frames, pit, or cellar for root-growth may be taken in now for “forcing” if they have made a fairly good mass of roots. Hyacinths and Polyanthus Narcissus are the soonest to be ready for bringing into heat—either in the greenhouse, or in the dwelling. Give a very cool temperature at first, then gradually increase both water and temperature. If you haven’t any bulbs started, try Hyacinths in a few of the special hyacinth glasses, and Pa aper-white Narcissus and the Chinese Sacred Lily in pebbles, or better, prepared fibre or humus. Half a Day for the Plants in the House ONE reason why plants in the house so frequently fail is because no serious effort is made to give them congenial condi- tions. The dwelling house is by no means an ideal place for plants—and incidentally the atmosphere that 1s too hot, “‘stuffy”’ and dried out for plants to live in it, is far from being good for humans! If you are going to have a window garden, take a few hours and fix it up so that the flowers in the window can be really watered without spoiling the carpet on the floor. If a bay window is used, a curtain can be hung in such a manner that ‘the plants will be somewhat shut in by themselves a good part of the time, and during sweeping, dusting, etc., they can have a cleaner and more moist atmosphere. Ready for Enemies ? HE green plant louse will get you if you don’t watch out ! Conditions under glass are usually such as to make more likely the attacks of insects and disease than in the open. ‘The most certain to appear, and the most troublesome, if you allow him to get a good start, is the ordinary aphis or plant louse. Fumigate regularly and spray at the first sign. Careful w atering and plenty of fresh air, ‘with an avoidance of draughts, will reduce greatly the danger of trouble from mildew or blight or dropping or yellowing foliage. The last two are sometimes due to the presence of illuminating or coal gas, even if in such small amounts that the human nose doesn’t detect it. The Arnold Arboretum—What It Is and Does HE question is often asked: What is the Arnold Arboretum and what is it ex- pected to accomplish for the benefit of the world? A department of Harvard University, the Arboretum is a museum of trees and other woody plants and its object 1s to increase the knowledge of such plants. This museum owes its origin to the imagination of George B. Emerson. In 1868 James Arnold, a mer- chant living in New Bed- ford, Massachusetts, died and at the suggestion of Mr. Emerson left $100,000 to trustees, of which Mr. Emerson was one, to be used by them for the advance- ment of agriculture or hor- ticulture. Mr. Emerson had long been interested in trees and had prepared for. the Commonwealth an excellent “Report on the Trees and Shrubs Growing Naturally in Massachusetts,” which had been published by the state. Another of Mr. Arn- old’s trustees, John James Dixwell, was also interested in trees and had formed on his estate in Jamaica Plaina collection of trees which had in the middle of the last century few equals in Mass- achusetts. Mr. Emerson therefore, was naturally sup- ported by his fellow trustee in his idea of using the Arnold money to establish an Arboretum, and between them they made in 1872 an arrangement with Harvard University by which they turned over to it the Arnold bequest, the University in return agreeing to devote to the Arboretum a part of the farm in West Roxbury which had been left to it by Ben- jamin Bussey to be used for a Farm School. This agree- ment provided that the Uni- versity should grow on this land every tree and shrub able to endure the climate of Massachusetts. One hundred and twenty - five acres of the Bussey Farm was at first included in this arrangement and _ several years later the University added seventy-five acres more to the Arboretum, the area of which was further increased, as will be explained, by the City of Boston. : It is safe to say that none of the men di- rectly engaged in making this agreement had any idea what an Arboretum might be, or what it was going to cost in time and money to carry out the agreement to cultivate all the trees and shrubs which could be grown in Massachusetts, and certainly none of them were more ignorant on these subjects than the person selected to see that this agreement was carried out. He found himself pro- with conspicuous flowers which can cling firmly to a brick wall. By C. Se SARGENT, the First Director Illustrated by photographs made in the Arboretum vided with a worn-out farm partly covered with native woods nearly ruined by pastur- age and neglect, with only a small part of the income of the $100,0c0 available, for it had been decided by the University that the whole income could not be used, until the principal had been increased to $150,000 by accumulated interest. He was without the support and encouragement of the gen- eral public which knew nothing and cared Climbing Hydrangea (Hydrangea petiolaris) introduced by the Arboretum is the only hardy woody vine less about an Arboretum and what it was ex- pected to accomplish. Fortunately the late Frederick Law Olm- sted became interested in the project and sug- gested that the City of Boston might well in- clude under certain conditions the Arboretum in its park system. This plan met with little favor and was strongly opposed by the University and the Park Commission of the City, and it took five years of exceedingly disagreeable semipolitical work to bring it about. In $882, however, the consent of the 122 On the Administration Building Legislature having been obtained to such an arrangement, a contract was made be- tween the University and the City which permitted the Park Commission of Boston to seize by right of eminent domain the land devoted to the Arboretum and then to lease back to the University for one thousand years all this land, with the exception of that to be occupied by a system of drives and walks which were to be built by the City after plans to be prepared by Mr. Olmsted and which were to be main- tained by the City during the period of the contract. The City further agreed to add to the Arboretum land necessary for carrying out Mr. Olmsted’s plan for the roads, to protect the Arbor- etum by its police and to assume any taxes which might be levied on it during the period of the contract. On its part the University agreed that the Arboretum should be open to the public every day during the con- tinuance of the contract from sunrise to sunset. The City was slow in building the roads, and it was not until 1885, that the planting of trees in their systematic arrangement was begun. Among the things which have made the Arboretum what it is the most import- ant is this contract with the City of Boston whichassures its permanency in its present position and frees it from the danger of taxation. Next in importance was the invitation which [| received in 1879 from the Govern- ment of the United States to prepare in connection with the taking of the Tenth Census a Report on the Forest Wealth and _ the Forest Trees of the United States. In preparing this Report I was able to visit all parts of the country and to employ as assistants the men who at that time were best acquainted with North American trees. Many of these men became actively interested in the Arbore- tum, and the collections which they made as a basis for the Census Report laid the foundation of the Her- barium and made it possible to add to its collection of living plants many rare North American trees and shrubs. This Govyern- ment work gave to the Arboretum a certain national standing and recognition which has been useful to it. It led to the formation and arrangement by the Arboretum of the great collection of North American woods in the American Museum of Natural History in New York, and it made it possible to prepare here ‘‘The Silva of North America” and other publications on American trees. NovemMBeER, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 123 This view across the Juniper collection illustrates the method Looking across the Beech collection toward the Hemlock Hill f of grouping allied plants for easy comparison V - a ke clothed with a native grove and fronted with Laurel Arno d Arboretum . 5 Seeds of a hardy form of Cedar of Lebanon were collected Acanthopanax (Kalopanax ricinifolium) from seed col- for the Arboretum on the Anti-Taurus Mountains in Asia In the collection of Crabapple, Malus theifera is conspic- lected in Japan in 1892. Tree is now thirty-five feet tall. i Minor in 1901. The plants have never suffered from the cold uous for its open branching habit Has clusters of white flowers in July Wl The main roadway through the Arboretum is a succession of remarkable groups and individual plants. The Forest Hill Road; Cherry collection on the left with the largest plant of the Sargent Cherry in the United States in foreground; Crabapple collection on the right 124 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NOVEMBER, 1917 When the President and Fellows of Har- vard University bound themselves in return for Mr. Arnold’s $100,000 to grow every tree and shrub which could endure the cli- mate of Massachusetts they committed them- selves to an undertaking the difficulty of which could not have been foreseen, for when they made this agreement with the Arnold trustees a comparatively small number of the plants now growing in the Arboretum had been cultivated or even discovered. ‘The last forty years has seen great activity in botanical exploration for the discovery and introduc- tion of new trees and shrubs, and in the crea- tion of new forms by the art of the hybridizer. In such work the Arboretum has played a not unimportant part. After North America eastern Asia has been the principal field of its activities, for the trees and shrubs of north- eastern Asia, next to those of northeastern North America, are best able to adapt them- selves to the climate of New England. The Arboretum’s first direct transaction with east- ern Asia was in 1878 when William S. Clark, who had left the presidency of the Massa- chusetts College of Agriculture at Amherst, to establish a similar institution at Sapporo in northern Japan, sent a small collection of Japanese seeds to the Arboretum. From these seeds were first raised in America the Japanese Tree Lilac, Syringa japonica, Cer- cidiphyllum, the largest tree in Japan, the two climbing Hydrangeas, H. petiolaris and Schizophragma hydrangeoides, Phellodendron sachalinense, Magnolia kobus,. var. borealis and other interesting plants. In 1882 Dr. Bretschneider, the learned physician of the Russian Embassy at Peking, ; sent to the Arboretum Bt Js a small collection of seeds which proved one of the most important gifts it has ever re- ceived. From _ these seeds there were raised here, among other plants, three Lilacs of first-rate importance as garden plants. Syringa pekinensis, S. villosa and S. pubescens, the single-flowered form of Prunus triloba, P. tom- entosa, Crataegus pin- natifida, Fraxinus Bun geana, F. chinensts, var. rhynchophylla, Rhodo- dendron mucronulatum, Philadelphus pekinen- sis, Quercus vartabilts, Celtis Bungeana, Tilia mongolica, Pyrus betu- These two pyramidal forms of our common Maples should be of some landscape value. Sugar Maple on left with Red Maple, rare, on right laefolia, Hydran- gea_ Bretschnei- dert, Betula dahu- rica, Lonicera chrysantha, Ostry- opsis Davidiana and other valu- able plants. It was the suc- cess in Massa- chusetts of the plants raised from the Bret- schneider seeds that turned my attention to the importance of more thorough botanical explor- ation in China than had yet been attempted and led to the Wilson expedi- tions to central and western China. These were undertaken first by a London nurseryman at the suggestion of the Arboretum on lines proposed by it, and later by the Arboretum itself. Mr. Wilson’s travels have greatly: in- creased the number of trees and shrubs which are now cultivated in the United States and Europe and have made the Arboretum the best place for the study of the ligneous vege- tation of eastern Asia. In addition to the plants raised from the seeds sent by Colonel Clark from Sapporo the Arboretum had been able in its early years to gather together a number of plunts sent to this country from Japan to Francis Parkman, the historian, and to the Parsons’ Nursery at Flush- ing, New York, by Dr.G. R. Halland by Thomas Hogg, and Japanese plants were growing so well here that I went to Japan in the summer of 1892 in the hope of increasing the collec- tion of Japanese plants in the Arboretum. As a result of this journey the Arboretum was able to add to its collections all the de- ciduous-leaved Japanese Oaks, Ulmus japon- ica, Fraxinus longicuspis, three species of Enkianthus, two new Crabapples, Buxus japonica, Abies sacchalinensis, Prunus Maxi- mowiczil, Tilia japonica, Acer capillipes, A. mikkoense, A. Miyabei, and A. diabolicum, Car- pinus cordata, Juniperus rigida,Ostrya japonica, Rhododendron Kaempferi, R, japonicum, R. rhombicum and several other trees and shrubs principally from the northern island which had escaped the attention of earlier travelers in Japan in search of the seeds of na- tive plants. In the autumn of 1905 Mr. J. G. Jack of the Arboretum staff passed a few months in eastern Asia and, although he was only a short time in Korea, made a collection of seeds there and in northern China from which several plants of interest and beauty entirely new to cultivation were raised, in- cluding Rhododendron poukhanense, Indigo- fera Kirilowit, Evodia Daniellii, Quercus aliena, Diervilla florida venusta, Periploaca sepium, and Rosa Jacki. The Arboretum endeavors to increase the knowledge of trees by arranging the living lants in what may be described as a Tree useum. ‘This Museum, which now contains one of the largest collections of trees and shrubs of the Northern Hemisphere in the world, occuvies two hundred and twenty Cotoneaster hupehensis which Prof. Sargent considers to be the best of all the shrubs introduced by Wilson for New England. Deciduous, laden with white flowers in spring acres of hill, valley and meadow contributed for the purpose by the University and in small part by the City of Boston. Part of this land is occupied by good native Oak woods and bya fine grove of Hemlock trees which cover the steep slopes of what is called Hemlock Hill, the crowning feature of the Arboretum. On the remainder of the eround the trees have been arranged in fa- mily groups and in botanical sequence, all the species of each genus being together. In the case of important native trees several in- dividuals have been planted comparatively near together with a single individual of the species sufficiently far from any other tree to make possible its free and full development. For the trees of other countries only space has been found for a single individual of each. Hardy shrubs are arranged in parallel beds on the only piece of level ground in the Arboretum near the Forest Hills entrance. ‘This arrangement has been adopted that stu- dents who want to see and compare the species of a genus of hardy shrubs can do so easily and in a short time. Everywhere else in the arboretum the attempt has been made to so group the trees and shrubs that the natural features of the place may be pre- served, and that, although a person going along the drives can see close to the road a representative of every genus of trees in the Arboretum, he can do so without being unpleas- antly impressed with the idea that he 1s in a sys- tematically arranged botanical garden. A visitor, however, who sees only what can be seen from the drives gets little idea of this museum and its collections which must be studied from the grass-covered paths which lead the student to all the groups and to the principal points of interest and beauty. More important for the increase of knowl- edge than the cultivation and convenient ar- rangement of living plants is the work which is carried on in the laboratories of the Arbor- etum, for comparatively few persons can study and enjoy these growing plants; but from the laboratories material and informa- tion reach far beyond the boundaries of the United States. There are two depart- ments of these laboratories, first the nurseries and second the herbarium and library. In ¢ ‘be found all the principal NovEMBER, 1917 the nursenes have been raised nearly all the trees and shrubs which now form the outdoor museum, and from them hundreds of thousandsof rare plants, or plants entirely new to cultivation, have been sent out in exchange for other plants, to be tested in al- most every civilized coun- try of the world. In these nurseries, too, have been produced by hybridization a few plants of consider- able value. The Arbore- tum has been fortunate that its nurseries from their beginning until a year ago were managed by Jackson Dawson, a man of genius whogave to the Arboretum his enthusiasm, his im- agination, and unsurpassed knowledge of plants and their propagation. The work of Jackson Dawson was one of the principal factors in the successful creation of the Arboretum and in extending its use- fulness, and in its success he found a happiness which is not given to many men. In the library and her- barium the material gath- ered by agents of the Ar- boretum is studied, and in its library have been pre- pared the books through which the information about trees collected by the Arboretum has reached the public. The library commenced in 1873, now contains 31,000 bound vol- umes and 8,000 pamphlets, and on its shelves are to books in all languages re- lating in any way to trees, their uses and cultivation. The herbarium, the foun- dation of which was laid by the agents of the United One of the most noticeable trees on the driveway is Cercidiphyllum japonicum which is the largest tree in Japan. Thrives in North Eastern America THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 125 States Census of 1880, has grown and is growing steadily. It is rich in the ligneous plants of North America, and of China and Japan. ‘Those from other countries are fairly well represented, and it is the purpose of those who now administer the Arboretum that this herbarium shall eventually provide mater- ial for the critical studies, begun in North America and continued in Japan and China, of the trees of all other countries. Only a few years have been necessary to make the Arboretum what it is to-day, and if we pass in imagination down the cen- turies during which it is to occupy the ground in Bos- ton it now occupies, it will not be difficult, judging the future by the accomplish- ment of a few years, to pic- ture an establishment able to increase human knowl- edge and human happiness in all parts of the world. The foundations for such an establishment have al- ready been laid. The posi- tion of the Arboretum as a scientific station 1s now re- cognized. It has many friends who believe in its value, and it has attracted and retained for many years a staff devoted to its interests; and nothing now but insufficient space in which to expand, and in- sufficient money to make possible the work the cen- turies will impose on it, can prevent the realization of the dreams of those who have found their life’s work in preparing the way fora great scientificand popular establishment of far-reach- ing influence. Electricity For Heating Frames w. c. mecortom A PRACTICAL AND ECONOMICAL METHOD WHERE NO REGULAR HEATING PLANT EXISTS.—POSITIVE FACTS IN VIEW OF RISING COSTS OF NATURAL HEATING MATERIAL EVER heard of such a thing!” Probably not. I don’t even know that any one has actually done it; but in view of the increasing diffi- culty of obtaining natural heating material, stable manure, the scheme may not be so impractical after all. Let’s look at the facts. The price of electricity is tending downward while the price of stable manure is rapidly in- creasing; and in many localities it can hardly be procured under any circumstances. Then why not use electricity for heating hot beds since its cost is not prohibitive? The great advantage in using electricity is that we can instantly regulate the heat of the bed according to the weather. At four o’clock it is mild; at nine it is freezing briskly. Ac- cordingly we turn on our switch and the hid- den forces of our cleanest and most satisfactory of all heating mediums are set in operation giy- ing us the required degree of heat necessary for the development of the plants in the bed. Just think of it! No manure to cart away; no digging up and littering of the entire sur- roundings nor the disadvantage of having heat when it is not wanted. Heating frames by electricity is really a very simple thing. All one has to do is to attach a supply cable of sufficient size from the point of intersection with the main feed cable to heaters which are placed in the frames at equal dis- tances from each other. These heaters which are made of castings of metals or a composi- tion of metals that offer resistance enough to the electric current to generate heat are not more than one half inch thick and have small lugs at the corners to keep them from coming in contact with the supporting rear wall to which they are attached about six inches above the ground line inside the frame. The Question of Cost ASING our calculation of cost on a frame six feet wide and fifty feet long with one foot of exposed wall in front and two feet in the rear, the customary way of building frames, we get a total of $80.00 divided as follows: Three heaters of the gridiron type, THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NOVEMBER, 1917 ten by fifteen inches and of four hundred and forty watt capacity, $15.00 each, $45.00; one hundred feet of feed cable at 25c. per foot, $25.00; and $10.00 for the installation of the plant. The cost would be consider- ably lessened, proportionately, on larger sized frames and somewhat increased on smaller units. To raise the temperature fifty degrees in a frame of the size mentioned above will require about one hundred and ten volts or thirteen hundred and twenty watts, a consumption of approximately one and one third kilowatts per hour. The cost per kilowatt varies to such an extent that it will be necessary to strike an average of say ten cents which is rather high but will do for the purpose of comparison. Using the heat from six o’clock in the evening until six o’clock the following morning will consume sixteen kilowatts at.a cost of $1.60. If the amount of heat required is less than fifty degrees the cost will be proportionately lower. Let us assume that it will be necessary to raise the temperature the maximum, or 50° for twenty nights during the time the frames are in service, or the current consump- tion would be the same for a 35° temperature for thirty nights. In either case the cost will be about the same, $32.00 for electric current for the season. To be on the safe side let us assume that we will need the heat for twice the periods men- tioned above. The cost for the season will be $64.00 for op- erating expenses—but that is an extravagant margin, and would not be reached. Taking this high figure, however, compare the cost of electricity with the expense of manure as the heating medium for the hotbed. In order to obtain the amount of heat neces- sary there should be three feet of manure in the pit or a total of thirty-four cubic yards. At $1.50 per cubic yard, a very low estimate, it will cost $51.00 to fill the frame with manure. After the heat is expended the manure will have to be carted away and this will be an additional expense. Keeping in mind _ the fact that manure is getting more and more ex- pensive and electricity cheaper and cheaper there is no great difference in the cost of the two mediums. There is no doubt as to the practicability STANDARD 16 Plans for equipment of frames for heating by electricity. SECTION ELEVATION of making use of electricity to heat hotbeds, and in fact, it is more desirable than stable manure. With hotbeds heated by manure we often find soft, spindly plants, caused by intense heat when it is not required and it is a well-known fact that more plants are destroyed in a hot- bed by too much heat than FRONT ELEVATION GRIDIRON SCALE ikz 1-0” Detail of electric heater installa- . tion for frames are killed by cold. In using electricity as the heating medium the tem- perature can be regulated according to conditions; the three heaters referred to above will distribute the heat equally and by increasing or decreasing the power no one unit is entirely cut out but the heating power in each is simply increased or decreased as desired. AB’ Section of frame at the line AB below Old Time Disadvantages @s of the chief disadvantages of the old fashioned hotbed is the excessively moisture laden atmosphere caused by the de- composition of the manure. For this decom- position the manure must contain moisture and this moisture must evaporate. ‘There is only one way that it can find its way to the air and this 1s through the hotbed. This means that the moisture is continually rising and carrying with it the fumes of ammonia which are not directly advantageous to the growth of the plants. When the frames are closed the glass is at once coated with moisture which excludes the light and causes the plants to get soft and spindly. PLAN. 4971" SASH HOT SCALE f= 1-oF GRIDIRON OF REAR WALL. Other Plans That Economize FTEN it is desirable to use frames in the fall for the storage of certain plants until they are used or disposed of in some other manner and here again the electrically heated frame will serve as we have no heat to apply, no preparations to make. Simply a turn of a switch and the frame is ready! There is no danger attached to the elec- trically heated frame. The heat is rarely used when any one is working around the frame and even then it would be almost im- possible to get at a point where one might get a serious shock although one might get a burn by coming in contact with the heaters. In order to avoid this danger a cheap guard of some kind can be placed over them. A frame properly fitted out should last a life time. No particular care is necessary and there are no expensive items of up keep. The cost of installation plus the cost of operation will doubtless deter many from trying the experiment but I venture to prophesy that eventually the electrically heated hotbed will be popular, especially on places that generate their own current. These places always have a surplus of power at night when the heat in a hotbed is most required. When hotbeds can be located near the house, garage or greenhouse electric heating would not be economical as in such a case it would be far more practical to install a small main from the heating unit in the building. It is only where the frames are more or less iso- lated that electricity is to be recommended. Using Fresh Vegetables Wisely HE housewife’s desire to manifest her patriotism by food conservation may be expressed in her willingness to revise, not alone her meal plans but her culinary practices as well. Accordingly she will cook all vege- tables in the skins, regardless of how they may be finally prepared for the table. Steaming will in large measure replace boiling when she realizes that the loss of mineral salts by boil- ing 1s from three to five times as great as when vegetables are cooked by steaming. She will not be tempted to live out of the tin can be- cause of its convenience. Rather will she re- gard the canned vegetables as a supplementary or emergency form. It may be called to mind -that out of about thirty common vegetables twenty are stored in the fresh state. BED FRAME FEED CABLE It is a convenient method where no regular heating plant exists ite ehat on Greenhouse Heating )* ss NEED FOR HIGHEST EFFICIENCY IN HEAT PRODUCTION—HOW THE GREENHOUSE BOILER BECAME SPECIALIZED AND TYPES THAT FIT SPECIAL PURPOSES OMEBODY, somehow, somewhere, came to a hasty conclusion about greenhouse heating; and then proceeded to spread it broadcast as a conclusive conclusion. The conclusion was that the heating of a greenhouse was a most vexatious problem; one as yet to be satisfactorily solved. In that word “satisfactory” it turns out was mainly the question of coal burned. Evidently, it loomed up as a great bugaboo, quite as the question of gasolene used to, with automobile owners. But what boots it, if gasolene does cost 30 cents a gallon instead of 20, if with improved engines and carbureters, you get an equivalent increase in power and mileage? Whether it is a question of greenhouse coal, or an auto’s gasolene, it all simmers right down to the basis of getting proportionate returns for your expenditures. There is a man up at Port Chester, N. Y., who has a greenhouse 18 by 50 feet, who grows on the side bench enough spring bedding The modern square sectional type of greenhouse boiler. It is easy to install, to repair, and to operate. And easy on coal. All clean-out doors, dampers and other operating parts are entirely on the front plants that he sells to his neighbors to entirely pay for the coal he burns. But like the auto again, the genuine 100 per cent. pleasure you get out of it, is so far and away ahead of the money you put in it, that it’s overshadowed. But you can burn a needless amount of coal, just like you can use an unnecessary amount of gasolene. The boiler might be termed the carbureter of the heating system. Just as a special type of carbureter must be devised for each type of engine, so should a greenhouse be heated by a specially designed greenhouse boiler. Next to all out-doors, and church lobbies, the greenhouse is the most difficult thing to heat. When you think of that thin film of glass, not more than an eighth.of an inch thick, which is the only thing between the flowers inside and the zero weather outside, you won- der it can be heated at all. Talk, for instance, with the owner of those huge commercial Rose houses, covering, not so many square feet, but acres; and you will be surprised to learn the small amount of coal required to heat them, compared with other buildings. Due allowance, of course, being made for the great difference in structural ma- terial. Now consider the fact that in residence heating the pipes are run vertically. ‘This gives every advantage of the force of gravity to insure the return of the water to the boiler, and so make the circulation both rapid and free from air pockets. Now compare greenhouse heating, with its pipes running horizontally under the benches, and you at once see why it is that a boiler that may economically heat your house, is not successful for your glass enclosed garden. In reverse, however, you at once appreciate that a boiler which is economical for green- house heating, is exceptionally so for all other purposes too. Contrary to your impression, perhaps the evolution of the greenhouse boiler reads quite like a fairy tale. Like every worth while thing, its inception started with one man. In this case, it was an enthusiastic lover of flowers, an English- man who came to this country, following the lure of larger opportunity. In those days, more than 60 years ago, be- fore the day of steam or hot water adaptation, greenhouses were heated in what now seems a ridiculous way. A sort of stove or furnace was bricked in at one end of the greenhouse and the chimney or flue carried along under the centre of the house to the other end; where it ended in the chimney proper. This flue was made of brick and tile. The heat radiating from it warmed the house excessively at one end, and in opposite proportion at the other. Incidentally, it often leaked gas, kill- ing the plants. Of course, such a heating method devoured coal most discouragingly. Our English flower lover, who was also a heating engineer, seeing his opportunity, de- signed a sort of half furnace, half boiler, by putting a water jacket around part of it. From it, he ran hot water pipes down one side of the house, and the brick flue down the other. This gave a more even distribution of the heat, Cutting the top off the square sectional boiler like you would a boiled egg and cracking off some of the side makes its construction clear. The fire comes into the upper story through the side flues, between each section. Then it starts back and forth on its three time passage or fire travel. It is this long fire travel that has much to do with its short coal bill. See the illustration of a single section 127 and also placed it at the sides of the house, where it was most needed. But still it was at best a one-sided proposi- tion, all being in favor of the hot water side. se aneapagemnmpenemmencionesddll ? PATENT APPLIED FOR The iatest improved type of round sectional boilers used for heating greenhouses of moderate size. It has all the economy advantages of its brother, the square sectional So next he designed a regular, full-fledged boiler in which instead of having the fire and hot gases simply heat the water that was only directly over the fire, as it does in a tea- kettle, he made a water jacket hump or V- shaped extension on the back. Back and forth through this water-jacketed extension, the flames, hot gases, and smoke had to pass before they could go out from the smoke box and up the chimney. ~This so increased the efhciency that with the same coal, three houses of the same size could be heated instead of one. Pipes were used on both sides of the house and the chimney flue carried directly from the boiler through the roof, lke any rightly behaved chimney. For the first time it was possible to heat all parts of the house uniformly and, by putting valves on the pipes, have full control of the heat distribution. Not to this very day has there been de- signed a boiler that surpasses this hump boiler for economy. But as houses grew larger, it became a prob- lem to cast the big humped boilers needed. It was also difficult because of their size, to handle them when installing. And so it was that one of the pioneers in greenhouse build- ing determined to design a boiler that had all the advantages of the hump one and none of its limitations. | 128 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NOVEMBER, 1917 Greenhouse of M. Pernet, the well known French rosarian. Heated in the old-time way with a brick flue running under the centre bench from the furnace at one end, to the wooden chimney at the other Taking the sectional book-case as an inspir- ation, he made a sectional boiler of two de- signs. One, square shaped, in which the sec- tions were placed side by side. The other was round, with the sections put one on top of the other. In them, he combined the twice back and forth passing of the gases and smoke, as in the hump boiler; and then added another passage or flue, making a three times back and forth. As a result, so thoroughly was the heat ex- tracted by the water in the boiler, that the smoke pipe was cool enough to put your hand on it. But still more improvements were to come. The part directly over the fire, correspond- ing to the bottom of the tea-kettle, was made in corrugations or loops, each sec- tion forming a part of the loop. This gave still more economy, because it gave more heat- ing surface for the flames to directly heat. ‘To prove to yourself how this is, just lay a string on the table in loops, like in the sketch alongside. Say the distance across all the loops measures two inches. ‘Now pull the string out straight and it measures close to six inches. If tea-kettle bottoms were made in corruga- tions like a greenhouse boiler, they would boil in a third less time. Strange, isn’t it, that someone doesn’t make them that way? But to get back to the square sectional boiler, it really has two stories. The lower one contains the fire; in the upper one, are the flues through which the hot gases pass back and forth between their water-surrounded walls. Now consider that the top, sides, front and back of the lower story are water surrounded, as well as every one of the passages in the upper one; and you can see that this boiler is like a big sponge, greedily drinking up the heat and sending it with great circulating force, into the greenhouse, in the form of hot water or steam. Perhaps this is now as good a place as any to talk about “hold-ups”—the kind that in boilers mean a slumber fire. The kind that holds up its end.when there is little to do; and is always ready to do more, when more is to be done. Which statement needs explaining. We have reference to the way this boiler’s grates shake part at a time, so that you can in mild weather put ashes on part of them, and run the fire on the other part. It’s just like having a little boiler inside the big one. It is decidedly more economically and easily man- aged than the big fire, which—in your en- deavor to keep it low enough, frequently goes out? And now a word more in general about sectional boilers. They are easy to handle and set up. The sections will go through practically any door and down any ordinary cellar stairs. In case anything happens to any of the sections, only that one section need be replaced. As you enlarge your house, simply add more sections to the boiler just as you would add more sections to a book-case. Such boilers are made for either steam or hot water, but by far the greater number of greenhouses are hot water heated. It is a more equable heat than steam. It has none of its intensity, none of its being either all on or all off, and so requiring much attention to preserve the uniform temperature so essen- tial for greenhouse success. But let rhe caution you to make sure your boiler and heating pipes are rightly propor- tioned, both in relation to each other and the requirements of the house. To heat a green- house of ordinary sound construction—that is, tightly glazed with double-thick glass—to a temperature of 55 to 60 degrees at night, when the mercury outside is at zero, you must have This is one of the square boiler sections. The window - like _ Openings are where the fire, hot gases and smoke travel back ase and forth on their journey three te times the length of the boiler, on pe the way to the smoke pipe and chimney. The frame of the windows is hollow and filled with water. The round port holes are the openings through which the water flows from each separate section to the other Zr! 3! 4ft SFr “ yy eA These sketches, go to prove that a kettle with a corru- gated or looped bottom has the same quick heating space that a flat bottomed one has, three times the width. On this fact is based the use of corrugations in the fire box top of greenhouse boilers In early fall or late spring, when only a little fire is needed, just bank the back half of the grates with ashes and run a fire on the front half. The grates shaking in two parts, makes this possible The grates on the square sectional shake half at a time, which has two advantages. Shake easier, and you can stir up half the fire and let the other half slumber one square foot of hot water radiation pipes for every three square feet of exposed glass and its equivalent. No matter how fine a greenhouse or con- servatory you may have, a ‘‘greenhouse boiler” is vital to its success. So do not experiment with ordinary furnaces; it costs too much. A Neat Stake M* only objection to growing Lilies, Glad- iolus, and Dahlias is that they usually need staking and I object to the conspicuous way in which the stakes show. Of course, I wouldn’t be without these grand flowers even if I had to put up with the objection- able stakes. In the past I have used the bamboo stakes, that can be bought at most of the seed stores, and while they have some advantages over the usual rough stake, yet they failed to exactly suit. The past season I gave the subject some thought and finally devised a stake that seemed to answer my pur- pose, at least. The stakes of course, are of different lengths to suit the heights of the different flowers and the size of the stake will depend on the length. For a five-foot stake I found three quarters of an inch square about right. At some near-by saw-mill, waste material can usually be found that will answer the purpose first rate and may be had for very little money and sometimes for only the trouble of carrying them away. I next bore small holes beginning near the top and about eight or ten inches apart, down to about the middle of the stake. After sharpening the bottom end so it may be driven into the ground easily. I next paint the entire stake green and lay away to dry. Instead of using string to tie the plants to the stake I use green rafha, being more inconspicuous than the former. I at one time used tacks or small nails to keep the rafha from slipping down but found them more or less in the way and they were continually catching on different things. The holes have no bad points. Ifthe stakes are stored under cover during winter and occasionally re-painted there is no reason why they won’t last for a good many seasons. Toledo, Ohio. WALTER J. Walt. 4 The Greenhouse That Isn’t Heate W. N. CRAIG Brookline, Mass. MAY BE EXPENSIVE ECONOMY—PROFITABLE CROPS THAT CAN BE GROWN UNDER GLASS WITHOUT FUEL—HELP- OAL scarcity, to say nothing of the possible price, is a present menace to the gardener this year. It is a big problem what to do with the greenhouse. Shall it be operated regardless of cost? Can it be started and the risk taken of not being able to get an adequate supply of fuel? But withal the case is not so alarming as it was only a few years ago. During that period very few greenhouses actually were closed down in the winter and where coal was not available cord wood was used for many months to keep frames running. As a plain matter of practical common sense the closing down of the greenhouse should be looked at as a very serious solution of the prob- len. Closing down has many and costly dis- advantages. A greenhouse kept in operation and kept heated during the winter comes through the cold weather in better condition than one that is left alone, unless it is elabor- ately protected by wire screens or board shutters laid over the roof. In the neglected house frost within will heave the brick piers supporting the pipes which ordinarily are put up with very little foundation. “The heaving tends to throw pipes out of plumb and to “start” the joints. The resultant leaks are often costly to stop. In the event of the greenhouse being closed for the winter it is advisable to protect the piers with a covering of straw, hay, or dry leaves; and indeed to lay this covering over the entire floor of the greenhouse. It is, of course, understood that all water is drained from heating pipes and boiler and that any cold water connections be cut off where danger of freezing exists. This work should be done during November. After March tst the greenhouse should have a little artificial heat in order to bring on spring crops. Not much fuel would be needed during the day, unless INGTHE FOOD SITUATION the weather is unusually cold, but some warmth should be kept in the pipes all night. By us- ing a littl fire heat then very much earlier crops will be assured. Ne! much can be had in the way of grow- ing crops in an unheated greenhouse dur- ing December, January, and February. Yet we want to increase our food production as much as possible during the coming winter, and an unheated house will assist in this effort. If the house contains benches with sides these should be filled’ at once with a compost of well rotted manure one part, and rotted pasture loam or good garden loam three parts. On part of this sow rows of prickly spinach as soon as possible. Let the rows be 10 inches apart. This will soon germinate and will easily withstand the winter; give the surface a mulch of dry leaves after the middle of De- cember. You probably have lettuces in the garden which have not yet attained any great size; dig them up carefully and plant in a bench 8 x 8 inches apart. ‘They will continue to grow for some time. Give them also a good mulch of leaves and they will pull through the winter unless it is unusually severe. Are there any cauliflowers that are not headed up? Lift them carefully, soak well in water, tie the leaves together over the top, which will prevent them breaking and also protect the “flowers”? and keep them white. Plant them in the benches. Dandelions make excellent greens in late winter. Secure a number of strong roots now and plant in the benches. WV HEN the power of the sun is increasing perceptibly, about middle’ of January, it will be safe to make sowings of garden peas, radishes, lettuces, and round spinach. Don’t worry about them because the weather is cold, for even if the soil on the bench freezes they will not be harmed, especially if a dry mulch of some kind be given. A month later you can sow more lettuces, beets, or spinach if the needed bench space is available. A few luxury vegetables are easily to be had. Some old asparagus roots taken inside will yield a few early bunches. The roots can be dug now carefully and planted below the benches of the greenhouse covering the roots with two or three inches of soil. If mushrooms are liked, a bed can be made below one of the benches. It will not produce through the winter but will give an abundant crop as the weather gets warmer. It will do the bed no harm even if it freezes solid. Use pure culture spawn, and a mixture of fresh horse manure three parts and loam one part. Allow rank heat to subside before making up the bed. Spawn when heat in the bed de- clines to 90 degrees, using portions of spawn as large as an English walnut and cover these two inches deep, 12 inches apart each way. Ten days after spawning spread two inches of loam over the surface and beat it firmly, then cover with hay and let alone. Manure just moist enough so that it can be squeezed to- gether without water exuding is in the right stage. Pound this nine inches deep and the firmer it is made, the longer heat will be main- tained and the better the crop.’ FLOWERS are wanted early? Well then, sow Sweet Peas, Bachelor’s Buttons, Mignonette and Marigold at the end of Jan- uary. Dutch bulbs such as Tulips, Hyacinths, Narcissus, etc., if carried over in a cold cellar can also be brought into the unheated green- house late in February, at which time also it will be perfectly safe to start Hydrangeas, Lilacs, Rambler Roses, Deutzias, and other dormant deciduous shrubs or climbers. A cool, or even cold, house can be used to grow the hardier vegetables earlier than the outdoor garden. 129 Mushrooms may be grown under the bench Getting the Garden Under Glass F. F. ROCKWELL Pennsylvania CHANGING THE BASE OF OPERATIONS FROM THE OPEN TO THE FRAMES AND THE GREENHOUSE FOR WINTER PRO- DUCTION—WHY DRAINAGE IS SO IMPORTANT INDOORS VERY good gardener, is quite naturally determined to have a better garden next year. The. de- mand for good vegetable plants of all kinds will be even greater, next spring than it was last, and any surplus of such plants which the foresighted gardener may have is sure to find a ready sale at good prices. Not too Late to Begin Now Vyate the gardener who is so fortunate as to already possess some frames, or a small greenhouse, has or should have winter crops already started, nevertheless, it is not too late for the new gardener to have a winter “war garden”? as well as making sure of a supply of plants, both vegetables and flowers, for next spring’s garden and flower beds, pro- vided prompt action is taken. If a “ready made” frame, or a small greenhouse is ordered now, and the soil to go into them is prepared while you are waiting for it to arrive, you can still get two or three crops of winter vege- tables before the plants to be grown for setting out in the spring will require much space. The latter are started in February or early March; but for six weeks or so, before they are ready to transplant, will occupy very little room. So you have practically all the space available in frames or greenhouse to use for a winter garden until April. While it 1s no part of the present purpose to describe types of frames and greenhouses Yy EEA Frame prepared on wet soil, with cinder base to secure drainage Pots ‘‘plunged’’ in cinders or fine gravel to prevent the rapid drying out, while providing good drainage . which may now be had “ready made” at reasonable figures; nevertheless, it will be in order to assert now that they are entirely practical. Note may be made in passing of the heat-conserving possibility of “double glazing” for both sash and small greenhouses. In double glazed work, there is a thin layer of air between the two sheets of glass which acts as a‘non-conductor, keeping the frames or house as warm as though there was a mat over it, and, at the same time admitting sun- light. The first thing for the beginner at winter gardening to realize is that it is an undertaking distinctly different from gardening out-of- doors. While the same general principles of fertilizers, plant sanitation, etc., apply, yet the conditions are not at all the same. The first and most important difference is, that in gardening under glass, practically everything is “up to” the gardener. If he does not water his plants himself, they will grow thirsty. If he does not attend to giving fresh air, they will soon fall a Securing good drainage on a raised bench—moss, leaf mould,'screenings, or some absorbent material should be used under the soil, to prevent a temporary surplus moisture from passing out of the bench “7-2 PREPAR eae EA FARSI © Method of providing thorough drainage for solid greenhouse bed built on the ground prey to disease. On the other hand, how- ever, growing conditions are under his control and not subject to the vagaries of the weather. Things that Need Attention oe often, the new gardener under glass "looks for the cause of his troubles in the supposed wrong selection of varieties, or in having given a few degrees too high or too low a temperature, when in reality, even with perfect seed and growing conditions, he would have met failure because of mistakes made at the very beginning of his winter gardening operations. Pay heed therefore, to the con- trolling factors. The first essential is drainage. If the soil be either too wet or too dry to furnish the proper conditions of growth, little progress can be made, and it is absolutely impossible for the plants to make progress, no matter what pains have been taken with all the other factors influencing their growth. Out of doors, drainage, even under unfavorable con- ditions, will, to some extent, take care of itself. Surplus water, if it cannot find its way down through the soil, will tend to flow off over the surface or will be decreased rapidly through evaporation. In the frame or the greenhouse, however, it is wholly subject to artificial con- trol. Evaporation takes place very slowly, and if precautions are not taken the soil may remain in a soggy, water- logged condition, fatal to healthy growth, for days or even weeks at a time. And, unless he has been forewarned, the grower may not suspect what the trouble is! The first step in making sure of satisfactory drain- age 1s to provide an ade- quate means of escape for any surplus moisture before the soil is put into frames, benches or solid beds. When frames, coldframes or hotbeds are built on soil which has a naturally porous sub- soil, giving good drainage, no further attention will be required than to see that the soil of the frame is thoroughly spaded or forked up and that no outside surface water can find its way into the frames, in the case of heavy rain or 130 raised above Plant bench level to secure extra drainage and room melting snow. ‘The frame should be made in such a manner, that when the prepared soil is put in it, the level will be above the soil level outside the frame; or else protected from water outside by being carefully banked up. If, however, the ground upon which the frames must be constructed is low, a layer of cinders, several inches thick, should be placed in the bottom of the frame. On very low soil that is sure to be wet in winter or in spring, a long, low mound of cinders can be made and the frames built on top of this. Where the frame has to be built on a hard, impervious sub- soil, it can be dug out sloping toward the front of the frame, and a line of ordinary, loose jointed tile laid along the front, with a pitch to one end, to carry off the moisture. All these methods are illustrated in the accom- panying drawings. Drainage in the greenhouse is even more im- portant than that in the frames. Here one is likely to encounter trouble in one of two ex- tremes—the solid bed, usually, being so con- structed that without the greatest care in watering it will be too wet; while the raised benches, on the other hand, are just as likely to dry out too rapidly and will therefore re- quire frequent heavy waterings, and so suffer from being alternately too wet and too dry. What has been said in connection with pro- curing good drainage in the frames applies, with slight modification, to the solid bed in the Frame on clay sub-soil with slight pitch to end to provide drainage Frame prepared on ordinary, level ground greenhouse. Unless drainage conditions are very good, it will pay to put in cinders or other drainage material before filling in the bed with the planting soil, even if the latter contains a large proportion of manure. It is much safer to err on the side of too good drainage. A too light watering can readily be supple- mented by another; but a heavy watering, with poor drainage, may cause damage that cannot be undone for days or even weeks. ; One of the secrets of having small plants in pots thrive and grow rapidly, is perfect drain- age—this applies with equal force to plants that are ina semi-dormant condition and, mak- ing little growth, require little water, Pots set on a bare, board bench are apt to get dried out entirely, or baked. If, however, the bench is filled several inches deep with small cinders or sifted ashes, and the pots are sunk into them half way, or up to the rim, it will be easier to keep them moist without having them too wet. They will also not be so likely to be A> a @ you may want ’ NovemBer, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 151 knocked over in watering, weeding, or in an accidental gust of wind. Plant Foods for the Winter Garden NE*XE to drainage, both in import- ance, and in the actual operation of getting ready to plant, comes the soil. While a very rich good garden loam will answer the purpose, it is much better to prepare a special soil for winter use. To make this, pro- cure from an old pasture or roadside, where the grass appears to have grown luxuriantly, pieces of sod sev- eral inches thick. Cut this up fine with a spade or an edger and pass it through a coarse screen; this gives a soil full of natural humus. If you can get sods which have lain long enough to vot until they will pass through a coarse screen, so much the better. If neither of these can be ob- tained, use clean, garden. soil. Sec- ondly, obtain some fine and very well rotted manure—if possible, containing a good percentage of cow manure. Theolder and more thoroughly decomposed this is, the better. Thoroughly mix together the soil and manure in the proportions of one of manure to two of soil, adding enough coarse sand so that the resultant mixture will be thoroughly “cut” by the particles of sand and so friable that it will fall apart readily, even when fairly moist, after being squeezed in the hand. If manure cannot be obtained, commercial humus, or leaf mould from the woods may be used in its place; and a pint or so of fine ground bone added for each bushel of soil. The whole must now be thoroughly mixed, pre- ferably a week or ten days before wanted for use. A soil thus prepared will serve as the founda- tion for practically all work under glass. As you become familiar with the requirements of the individual plants, and attempt to grow a larger list, heavier soil for some things and lighter for others, but, if results with soil as thus pre- pared above are not generally satisfactory, you can look else- where than to the soil as the source of your trouble. Preparation for Planting “THE next step is getting ready for planting. ‘The soil in raised benches must be az least four inches deep, and the frames or solid beds prefer- ably six or eight inches. Even with this depth of soil, the individual plant has much less space than it would have in the open ground. If man- ure has been used, the soil will be fairly rich. But, in addition to this, after the soil has been put in place, a good dressing of wood Does double glazing ‘‘ deliver the goods ?”’ Thoroughly mixing the soil ingredients before putting into the benches is quite important. Incorporate fertilizer at this time ashes sprinkled over the surface, and raked in, will help to sweeten the soil and provide potash; a light dressing of bone dust, if none has been used in making the mixture, should also be raked in. If the soil is at all dry, it should be wet down thoroughly, soaked through and through—so it will have a chance to dry out sufhciently before the seeds or plants are put in place. Throughout the season, the plants both in beds and benches and pots, while making active growth, will be benefited by a further applica- tion of plant food in the form of a light dres- sing of bone dust or tankage or nitrate of soda (the latter is most safely applied in solution, a heaping tablespoonful being used to a gallon or so of water), applied when the soil is fairly moist. 1 hy Tl HAN ‘i | Well here are two lettuces grown under same frame conditions, but that on the right of picture was from double sash Fresh Air and Plant Health l HE one thing which the beginner is pretty sure to neglect is giving plants indoors as much fresh air as they need. A safe and simple rule is as follows: Give all fresh air pos- sible, while maintaining the minimum of temperature. This does not mean that the ventilator should be kept open or the sash raised during night and day as longas the plants do not freeze. The winter gardener should aim at giving his plants fresh air every day, prefer- ably in the! morning, so that the air in the frames or house will have a chance to warm up again from the sun before nightfall. On very stormy days, especially with sash, fresh air cannot always be given. Any air draughts that will directly hit the plants must be avoided. ‘The frames or ventilators can be opened in such a way that the wind will not blow directly into them, 1. e. on the lee side. Itis better to have a moderate opening for several hours rather than to open up wide for a few minutes to “change the air,” re- sulting in a sudden fall of temperature, fol- lowed by a quick rise. Keeping the Plants Healthy N ADDITION to giving an abundance of fresh air and to keeping the soil watered frequently enough so that it is evenly moist, without ever getting absolutely dried out or wet enough to be soggy, the surface will, of course, be thoroughly stirred or cultivated frequently, both to admit air and to prevent the growth of weeds. Any plants grown in rows such as radishes or carrots, should be “thinned” even more promptly and carefully under glass than out of doors, because the conditions are more favorable to. the de- velopment of disease or of weak growing plants. Fumigate regularly, every week, or two weeks at the most, with tobacco dust or tobacco paper. If you will take the slight trouble of doing this (and it takes only a few minutes each time) you will have a practically sure pre- ventive against aphids and sucking insects of all kinds. If, by any chance, any of them do appear, they can be sprayed witha nicotine extract (aph- ine or Black Leaf 40), and fumigation given. If care is taken to do the watering on bright mornings, so there will be much less likelihood of dan- ger from “‘rot’”’ of var- ious kinds. All dis- eased leaves, dead plants, refuse and so forth will of course be scrupulously cleared up and burned at once. Making Real Use of the Garden’s Crops INGA M. K. ALLISON, Fort Collins, Colo. WHERE FRUITS AND VEGETABLES CAN REPLACE OTHER FOODS. COMBINATIONS FOR BALANCED DIETARIES F THE VAST quantities of perish- able food stuff raised in the war gar- den efforts of the year ample sup- plies have been put into storage. The present problem is selecting and com- bining these foods that there may be brought about the most efficient and eco- nomic use of the products of the garden during winter. Fundamental to the attain- ment of that object is an understanding of the nature of fruits and vegetables and of the role they play in the diet. As a first step study of the vital needs of the family to discover how under the present condition of limited food supply and unlim- ited prices, they may best be met, great knowledge is not necessary. If, then, the housewife can supplement that knowledge with skill in the cookery of fruits and vege- tables, originality in combination and in serv- ing, and in the observation of a few general rules or guides to practice, the problem of the three square meals a day will cease to be the proverbial bugbear to the household that has used its garden area wisely. The study of food values and of food func- tions involves the use of a few unfamiliar terms, but those terms may be quite as readily comprehended as Chrysanthemum, Gladiolus, or Dahlia. We have already come to use with considerable freedom the terms protein, car- bohydrates, and fats. The first named food principle, it will be remembered, is the tissue- building part of foods, that part which is found in large proportion in lean meat, eggs, milk, cheese, and in beans and peas. ‘The car- bohydrate group includes all foods rich in starch and sugar, and the best known repre- sentatives are potatoes, cereals, and sugars. Such foods we think of as energy yielders, or, in other words, as producers of heat and ac- tivity. Only in comparatively recent years has it come to be generally understood that very many of the fruits and vegetables, low in protein and carbohydrates and formerly used because of freshness and palatability, have . large value as body regulating substances. What Fruits and Vegetables Can Do [pies special function served by fruits and vegetables is fourfold. Because of its bulky residue it gives a laxative ten- dency. And again, because of bulkiness, fruits and vegetables are the more satisfy- ing to the appetite. Within the last half dozen years this group of foods has come to be known as an important source of the very minute quantities of certain food acces- sories which are regarded as highly essential to growth. To such food accessories has been given the name vitamines. And it is significant that fresh fruits and fresh vege- tables are more advantageous sources of vit- amines than those same products preserved by canning or drying. The organic acids found in fruits and vegetables give to them pleasing flavors, exert a laxative effect and serve other useful. purposes. The fourth function is that of supplying to the body the essential mineral salts. The mineral constit- uents of greatest importance are iron, cal- cium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium} sul- phur, and chlorine. The average dietary is often lacking in these food constituents and, of the elements named, the first three cannot be safely left to chance. This discrepancy may be accounted for in the fact that the food selected has not included generous - able. amounts of eggs, legumes, whole cereals, fresh fruits, and fresh vegetables. Jf each day’s ration contained two medium sized pota- toes, a serving of some other vegetable, and the equivalent of a medium sized apple in fresh fruit, the needs for mineral matter and of growth promoting substances other than pro- ten would probably be supplied. Special care should be exercised then to make sure that the dietary includes a generous supply of foods in which iron, phosphorus, and cal- cium do occur. Foods rich in iron are egg yolk, lean meat, spinach, fruits, and cereal grains. Generous use of milk, legumes, cel- ery, cabbage, and cereals will insure an ade- quate supply of calcium salts to the body. Phosphorus contained in egg is considered to be more completely utilized than that derived from any other source; but beans, wheat, and oats also serve to supply that element. This is not to say that the foods named as the de- sirable source of supply of one mineral consti- tuent do not also supply other mineral consti- tuents. From the foregoing statements it is apparent that the group of vegetables known as legumes serve as a source of each of the three very important mineral constituents. Legumes include beans, peas, lentils, and soy-beans. The Potato Substitute AN UNDERSTANDING of the nature and amount of mineral constituents contained in the different food stuffs will en- able one to correctly provide “substitutes” for the staple food products for which the present demand exceeds the supply. A case in point is the need for potato substitutes. Rice and other cereals and cereal preparations such as macaroni have come to be referred to as “the potato substitutes.” In so far as we are concerned with the starch content, the foods named may be so regarded. Their inadequacy in other respects should be as well understood. In the digestion of foods there are set free alkaline salts known as _ base- producing elements and acid-producing ele- ments. The perfect combination of foods is that in which there is at least enough of the base-forming elements to neutralize the amount of acid-producing elements set free, thus changing them to harmless compounds which the body then throws off. A familiar illustration of such an ideal combination is the serving of potatoes with meat. Dividing Excess of Acid [NX AN average serving of meat the excess of acid-producing elements is neutralized by the excess of base-producing elements in an average serving of potatoes. It is an inter- esting fact that an excess of foods of the base- producing type is not in any sense objection- Such an excess of acid production is harmful because the natural reaction of the blood and other body fluids is alkaline. Among the plant foods conspicuous for the extent of their use, and which contain an ex- cess of acid-producing elements, are rice and other cereals and cereal preparations such as macaroni and hominy. Acid producers in- clude meats, fish, and eggs, from among animal foods. vegetables, and milk. That fruits have an acid taste but are regarded as base-producing foods may seem paradoxical. From this, then, it is obvious that, while among fruits and vegetables there may be quite free sub- stitution, yet rice which contains an excess 132 Base producers are fruits, of acid-producing elements cannot take the place of the potato which gives rise to base- forming elements. The substitution of rice, ke- cause of its starch content, must be accom-: panied by the addition of succulent vegetables. rom a review of tables giving statements of food composition the housewife will discover that the vegetables and fruits rich in the starch form of carbohydrates are the Irish and sweet potatoes, and the unripe banana. Those containing an abundance of the sugar’ form of carbohydrate are beets, carrots, par- snips, corn, the ripe banana, apples, and dried fruits. Vegetables giving a relatively high percentage of protein may be used in part to replace the meat, eggs, and cheese. Represen- tatives of this group are shelled beans, peas, lentils, and the soy beans. Those rich in iron are: spinach and other greens, beans, peas, and onions. In calcium—spinach, cauliflower, rutabaga, celery, turnips, legumes and berries. In phosphorus; legumes, cauliflower, potato, rutabaga, spinach, gooseberries, parsnips, and onions. In potash salts, spinach, legumes, potatoes, bananas, cabbage, lettuce, and the root vegetables. While in general all fruits and vegetables supply quite generously the mineral constituents named, it is sometimes. of special value to know the more exact com- position and to know what fruits and vege-. tables serve as a more abundant subsidy. Practical Vegetable Combinations T° ILLUSTRATE suitable meal combin- ations in which meat and potatoes may be very acceptably replaced by vegetables: the following menus are given: I—Roast beef Il—Beef Stew Rice Spinach A ,root vegetable, beets or Bread Butter Beverage carrots Sliced oranges Wafers Lettuce or other greens Bread Butter Beverage Fresh fruit VI—Bean loaf and spiced. gooseberries Creamed potatoes Bread and butter Apple, celery and nut Salad’ afers -SUPPERS: I—Cream of Sweet Potato, II—Salt mackerel—steamed. Soup Boiled potatoes with butter Nut bread Escalloped to- sauce matoes Baked apple Wafers Potatoes IlI—Baked beans and to-= mato sauce Steamed brown bread Escalloped onions Fruit cup and Sponge Cake Creamed onions Bread and butter Fresh apple sauce Cookies: IV—Cottage Cheese Buttered carrots and peas Bread and Butter Berries Spice Cake T1I—Baked omelet Bacon Bread and butter and jelly Sauce Cookies In explanation of the foregoing menus it should also be stated that it is regarded as highly desirable that fruit—preferably fresh. fruit—replace in large measure the pies and heavy puddings that are customary desserts. Liberal introduction of a variety of vegetables is recognition of the important part that the vegetable cellar and the vegetable pit should play in the family commissary. Again, it will be noticed that there is suggestion of the: frequent use of nuts—that because of their highly nutritious character, and, the fact that considering their actual food value, they cost no more than many of the generally recog— nized staples. Meat Substitute ir N REPLACING meat in the diet it should be remembered that for one fourth pound of lean beef there may be allowed one half pound of dry beans or peas, two eggs, or a pint of milk. A general guiding rule to be observed in the selection of vegetables 1s not to combine in one meal any two o: the same general character. ot What the Florists Will Offer in Holiday Plants overt kit CHANGES BROUGHT ABOUT BY WAR CONDITIONS—SCARCITY OF CONVENTIONAL MATERIAL LEADS TO GREATER VARIETY IN FOLIAGE AND FLOWERING PLANTS LANTS as holiday gifts have during past years gradually fallen into a rut. It has taken the world war to awaken the plant growers to a realization of the fact that the people like variety. The war has to a great extent inter- fered both with foreign cultivation and ex- portation. This year there are no Azaleas coming from Belgium, no Lily-of-the-valley from Germany. Only limited importations of bulbs have arrived from Holland and France and some few things from England. But to offset this the raising of plants in this country has already attained a magnitude of such importance, that when the present stringency arrived the trade found itself easily self-sup- porting. ECAUSE of their sturdy and lasting character, ornamental foliage plants find much favor as gifts. In Palms, the Kentias, both the tall growing Forsteriana, and the bushy Belmoreana are the most popular. Areca lutescens with its more feathery leaves is very graceful, but not quite so hardy as the Kentias. Phoenix Roebelini with its fountainlike spread of narrow leaves, is to some the most beautiful of all Palms. It is very sturdy. The Fan Palm, Latania borbonica, is also a fine showy variety, which looks well in the lawn vase in summer. The Aspidistra with its broad dark green foliage is the most sturdy and valuable a all house plants. There are several varieties of the old favorite Rubber-plant, or Ficus elastica, and F. pandurata the Fiddle-leaved Rubber with broad leaves the shape of a violin, which when rubbed with a piece of Canton flannel polish beautifully, showing distinct white veins. The appearance of all house plants with hard foliage is much bene- fited by an occasional rubbing , but positively no oil or other dressing should be used, as this leaves a tacky surface which catches dust. Dracaenas are very decorative; terminalis with its brilliant red tips looks very Christ- massy. D. fragrans with its cornlike leaves Ot all the holiday berry plants Ardisia is the most en- during. Berries will remain for a whole year is strong and vigorous. D. Massangeana a variegated form of fragrans with a_ broad golden band down the centre of each leaf, is always popular. There are a number of other choice varieties all beautiful and suitable for house plants. Pandanus Veitchii with its gteen and white striped leaves of most symmetrical form is one of the best house plants. Crotons with their brilliant coloring are wonderfully effective and while not so hardy in the house, will last several months. ERNS are perhaps the most popular of all house plants. ‘The Boston fern Nephrolepis bostoniensis, and its large family of crested types 1s seen everywhere. In the past decade many new varieties have been introduced. Of the plain or smooth frond type the best are: Boston, a dwarf type named Scotti, and Teddy, Jr. Ofthe crinkled forms the best are W.K. Harris, Harrisii and Theodore Roosevelt. The tasselled varieties with their minutely cut foliage, some fronds resembling ostrich plumes while others are lacelike in appearance, are sure to attract attention. Elegantissima, todeaoides, Verona, Norwood, and Smithii are the best in this class. Asplentum_nidus- avis, the Bird’s-nest Fern, is of a bold type with broad glossy fronds which give it a unique appearance. One of the most delicate in appearance but very decorative and lasting 1s Cibotium Schiedei. Itisofspreading growth. Effective in large windows. [N THE list of flowering plants there is also great variety. The well known Poin- settia is probably the most showy with its large scarlet bracts. Novelties are seen in both pink and white varieties of the Poinsettia. Euphorbia jacquinaeflora is a choice variety, particularly when a number are planted to- gether. Cyclamen are at their best for the Christmas holidays and nothing could be more beautiful than a well flowered specimen. They are to be found in all their splendid colorings in every flower shop. Flowering Begonias, great favorites of all plant lovers are also at their best during December. Begonia Gloi- re de Lorraine with the clouds of pink blossoms which are borne so profusely as to almost hide the foliage is the first of its type. Begonia This is Croton Reedii. Crotons come-in a bewildering variety of barbaric mixtures of color and in equally diverse form of leaf 133 Glory of Cincinnati is a strong grower, also pink, with larger flowers and foliage. Begonia Mrs. Peterson is a new variety with both bronze colored flowers and foliage, it is robust and free flowering, ‘There will be quite a few Azaleas from plants imported last fall which owing to difficulties of transportation, arrived in poor condition. They made a good growth since that time and are now well set with buds. Chinese Primroses as well as some of the Primula obconicas give variety. They are old acquaintances that are always welcome. Several varieties of the Heather are most con- spicuous at this season. Erica melanthera with its clouds of white blossoms is a first selec- tion with many. A pink variety called rosea is also much in favor. Some of the bulbs are forced for the holi- days. Roman Hyacinths and Paper-white Narcissus and Duc van Tholl Tulips, when flowered a number together are quite showy. Berried and fruited plants are always in demand, particularly the Christmas Pepper with its wealth of brilliant red fruits. Sola- num capsicastrum, the Jerusalem Cherry, is seen in variety with its bright red berries. Ardisia crenulata with its glossy leaves and whorls of beautiful coral red colored berries which hold for more than 12 months, is one of the best plants of its kind. Otaheite oranges of dwarf growth but carry- ing an abundance of well colored fruits about the size of golf balls are showy and attractive. Combinations of foliage of flowering plants and ferns arranged artistically together in tin lined baskets and jardinieres will be features at the holiday season. ‘These are arranged at the greenhouses by men skilled in this artistic work. Pink Begonias and Ferns are grown in blue baskets and tied with blue ribbons. Oranges are planted with Crotons in bronze colored baskets and tied with bronze green ribbons. Heather and Poinsettias make stun- ning effects. Ardisias and Heather with Crotons and Ferns are striking. There is great variety in this artistic grouping scarcely any wo pieces being found alike. There are available several Begonias of the Gloire de Lorraine type, ranging from light pink to deep red Can You Cook a Potato? Erne m. RosINson ITH an extra bushel of potatoes for every man, woman and child in the United States (official figures) this year the cooking of the potato becomes a real menace. Simple! Yes, any one can boil a potato—somehow— but the problem is to do it right, and know how and why you do it» How to Choose Your Potatoes REENISH, or black colored, frozen or softened potatoes may as well be thrown Don’t waste your time prepar- out at once. There is economy in properly peeling a potato. Let the knife closely follow the thumb and pare thinly ing them for the table—find some other use for them. Potatoes should be firm and white and of even size. Whether you dig them from your own ground or buy them from the stores, large and small are always jumbled together. Now, if cooked as they come the small ones will be cooked to a mash before the large ones.are done. If you must cook large and small to- gether do not cut the large ones but make a handicap race out of it. Start to cook the large ones a few minutes before the small ones are put in, they will then all finish cooking at the same time. Preserve the Gluten EEL your potatoes very thinly. The gluten, which lies just underneath the skin, is the most nutritious part of the potato; the rest of it being composed chiefly of water and starch. As you will see by the illustra- tion of a slice of potato, the layer of gluten is very thin in some places, and if the skin is peeled off in great chunks the gluten is peeled off with it and thrown away, thereby losing Do you realize that the outer portion of the potato has the best food value? Gluten is shown by the darkened area on the margin of the picture the nourishment and wasting the potato, and consequently more potatoes will be needed for a dishful. New potatoes must be scraped as the skin is very thin and peeling would cut away too much. All potatoes must be scrubbed quite clean before peeling. This done drop them into a bowl of clean water. Use a small sharp vegetable paring knife, letting the thumb follow the knife closely all the way down the potato. This keeps control of the knife and will prevent it slipping. Drop them into cold water, after peeling them, till you are ready to cook them to prevent them from turning black. If You Don’t Want to Peel Them SOME people think it is better to cook potatoes with the skin on and that they are a better flavor. If this is done they must be put on in cold water to draw out the poi- sonous acid, called solanin, that is in the skin. It gives a bitter flavor and has sometimes been known to cause illness. It is more pro- nounced in old potatoes. When preparing potatoes with the skin on, whether new or old, it is a good plan to “top and tail” them. That is, cut a small piece off each end of the potato, or you can cut a very narrow strip off all around it, making it easier for the salt to penetrate, besides giving the potatoes a better flavor. The Water You Must Use pur potatoes into boiling water to harden the gluten. Gluten is the same sort of substance as the albumen found in the white of eggs and if put into cold water it will melt and soften. As a result a great deal of “Flowery and light.’”? The tool on the left is handy and efficient. Two forks make a serviceable masher it will be lost before the water gets hot enough to harden it. Have plenty of water in order to give the starch grains room to swell, and to each two quarts of water add a heaping teaspoonful of salt. Keep the lid on closely to prevent the steam escaping. Boil them gently and steadily to prevent them from breaking. After half an hour try them with a skewer or a steel knitting needle (anything that will make one hole); a fork pushed into a soft boiled potato will break it and spoil its appearance. When the tubers are tender, drain the water off into a bowl (not into the sink!) as the water is a good foundation for cream soups or broths. How to Have ‘‘Balls of Flour’’ Now for the secret of dry floury potatoes! Drain the potatoes dry. Give the pan a sharp, quick shake. This breaks the coat- ing of gluten and the white starchy inside is exposed, making the potato look like a ball of flour. Put the saucepan back in a warm place, laying a clean soft cloth on the top to absorb the steam. Don’t put the lid on as that keeps the steam in and makes the potato soggy and discolored. You can keep potatoes warm with the cloth on top for about ten minutes without spoiling. 134 How to Steam [- MORE convenient, potatoes can be steamed instead of boiled. The water must be boiling and steam ready before the potatoes are put into the steamer. Peel them the same as you would for boiling, then place them in the steamer and sprinkle salt over them. They willtake about one hour. Shake the pan as for boiled potatoes. I see no par- “Hacking off’’ the skin is wasteful of food. And moreover, sacrifices the best part of the potato ticular advantage in this method myself if the potatoes are put into boiling water, though some people claim that there is so much water in a potato that it is better not to put them into more. For Salad OTATOES for salad must not be shaken because they are required to be as waxy or watery as you can get them. ‘The small potatoes are best for that purpose. Cut them while hot. How to Bake HE lady next door to me never baked a potato in her life and there may be others like her. You cannot bake new pota- toes—the skin is too thin. But when the skin becomes thick and corklike it is 'a deli- cious way to cook them. Scrub them quite clean; then dry them thoroughly. Have a hot oven ready to bake them in or the skin will not be crisp; and when they are nearly done prick them with a skewer in two or three places to allow the steam to escape; otherwise they will quite likely burst all over the oven. They take about one hour to bake. Use a knitting needle to explore; a fork may smash the potato to a pulp “Ts it done?” Winter Protection c.1. MELLER S20ciras COLD LESS INJURIOUS THAN LOSS OF MOISTURE—WHY A MULCH WILL SAVE AND HOW IT CAN SOMETIMES BE INJURIOUS—CAN A TENDER PLANT BE MADE HARDY? INTER protection to be effective must be intelligently done. This, to some may seem a mere truism, and to others an affectation, since what intelligence is needed to wrap or cover up a plant and so protect it against the cold of winter? But there’s the rub! Are you in fact protecting it against the cold? Can you really protect a _ plant against the cold with the thermometer below zero and the frost penetrating the soil to a depth of six feet and more? Obviously under such conditions no amount or kind of covering can long retain a higher temperature than that which surrounds it. Covering, however, does carry through the winter plants that would otherwise succumb. It cannot well be warmth since none is provided. Then what is the adverse factor that covering a plant counteracts? Consider a Rose that has winter killed. All its canes are dried and shrivelled, just as though they had been dried in an oven. Compare these canes with those of another Rose bush that has passed through the winter beneath a mound of earth. . How plump and pliable are these latter, how sappy they look! Yet the two bushes may be of the same variety, as, for instance, Gruss an Teplitz which I have carried through the winters of North Dakota by the hundreds, simply by hilling about the bushes with a mound of earth. Exposed bushes always die down to the ground; and exposed portions of canes die back to the soil covering. It is not the cold but the excessive evapora- tion that “winter-kills.’ Protected against evaporation (and soil is the surest means of protecting against it), a Rose bush passes through our coldest winter unharmed; ex- posed, the bushes succumb save during an exceptionally mild winter. What is true for Gruss an Teplitz is equally true of a very large number of hybrid perpetual Roses. So hardy and vigorous a grower as Spiraea Van Houttei gives like evidence. During a cold dry winter when the snow is always light and dry, and much of it apparently freezes away, this shrub comes out in spying badly winter-killed, never down to the ground, but with its top full of dead wood. During win- ters when there is much wet snow, it passes unharmed to bloom like a bank of snow in spring. Of course no one ever thinks of covering a Spiraea bush. Even in the extreme north the Prickly Pear will winter under the shelter of a rock A piece of ice hung in a tree lost appreciably during Febru- ary. Evaporation is the cause of winter-killing Evaporation of Ice A CHUNK of ice weighing nineteen and a half pounds was hung among the branches of a small Oak on February 2nd and when taken down on the fourteenth it weighed eighteen pounds. There was not a minute’s thaw during the entire time the piece of ice hung in the tree, indeed the thermometer registered below zero almost every day. Thus in less than two weeks this ice, a solid mass, gave up by evaporation very close to 8 per cent. of its total weight, a concrete ex- ample as you will admit of what wooded plants are called upon to endure. Again on February 27th another piece of ice was hung among the branches of the same Oak. This time the ice was placed in a pan so that no water might be lost during warm weather. Ice, pan and the wire supporting it weighed twenty-four pounds. This hung out until March 24th when only water was left and the entire outfit then weighed eigh- teen pounds, a loss therefore in a little less than a month of more than 25 per cent. since the weight of the pan remains constant. Let it be borne in mind that a plant is sub- jected to this stress of evaporation while the roots are in solidly frozen soil and have no means of replenishing the moisture lost. Under such circumstances evaporation has a meaning all its own. It is apparent that a plant with well ripened wood has a much greater chance of living through such condi- tions than one with its wood green and sappy. That is one reason why native Roses pass through our winters unharmed while many of the improved sorts succumb if unprotected. 135 What We Must Do e SAN axiom of winter protection it may be stated that any method to be effec- tive must protect against evaporation. The extent to which it prevents evaporation marks therefore the effectiveness of the material selected. Given suitable soil, most of the climbing Roses will grow in the Northwest, but a mat of straw tacked over them against the wall will never carry the canes through winter. They must be laid down and covered with about a foot of soil, and so covered they will come out in spring alive to the very tip. Where from some cause or other this cover is removed in spots, the canes may be alive at either end with a dead section here and there. This of course means that only the part below the lowest dead section will remain alive. A Hardy Cactus in the North O ONE would at first thought associate the Prickly Pear Cactus of our warmer states with the cold of a Northwest winter; yet, as our picture shows, it may be met with growing wild on the .prairies of Montana. This photograph was taken about a mile out of Glendive, Montana; and, the picture also shows, the Cactus hugs the ground pretty closely for in so doing it is assured of a plenti- ful covering of snow and consequent pro- tection in winter. The cold penetrates the soil to such a depth and leaves it so slowly that you may strike frost down in the soil even in late May and sometimes in early June. Under such conditions it does not seem reason- able to suppose that this Cactus native though it be to the sandy wastes of our hottest sec- tions, requires any protection against cold. That it does require protection against evap- oration becomes apparent from the very na- ture of its growth. Freezing is not injurious, but should the plant be called upon to give up moisture at a time when it lacks the means of replenishing the loss failure is certain. As an odd and in- teresting growth in the garden one may carry this Cactus through the winter if planted where boulders or a wall will protect 1t from the searching winds of the north and west and covered with a thick layer of straw. It 1s expected of course that there will be no lack of snow. In Montana this Cactus hugs the ground and gets natural winter protection ono aa ———— a SS — a 136 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NovEMBER, 1917 The Herbaceous Border HERBACEOUS perennials dying down as they do each year and with roots tucked away from the reach of the wind would appear to require but little if any winter pro- tection. Nor do they. Though to” cover them with leaves, straw and aden litter gives us a certain contentment as of having done our best by the plants. Yet we find that uncovered plants pass through the winter equally well. A perennial that 1s not hardy cannot be made so by any amount or kind of winter protection. Occasionally one may carry a perennial of doubtful hardihood through a mild winter, but the very next winter proves the fallacy of our theory that protection 1s a help through the winter. Against the vicis- situdes of our springs we cannot protect a plant and these vicissitudes are many: cold, damp soil, late frost, drying winds and the like. How a Mulch Works A HEAVY mulch of soil or other material will retard the sprouting of the roots in spring, but the chances are small that the plants can be held back long enough to help them in their struggle against a capricious season. In spite of all the roots will attempt to grow and the covering, if not removed in time tends to make the sprouts spindling and even induces rot by over heating. Along the south side of a house perennials will come up a week and even two weeks ahead of those against the north side, yet in either case a — hardy perennial will pass through the winter as well unprotected as protected. Spruce boughs make excellent material for winter protection since they, like soil, retard the circulation of the air and so prevent evap- oration. The newly fallen leaves have little protective value, rather it is the blanket of leaf mould underneath that keeps the plants of the forest snug through the winter. Also of course, the snow that gathers there is a con- siderable help. The practical lesson for every gardener to learn is that mulching material must be light and airy to be effective. NOVEMBER IN THE SOUTH OPPORTUNITY FOR FALL PLANTING—PREPARATIONS FOR NEXT YEAR’S FOOD GARDENS ALL planting is now the occupation of the Southern gardeners. Fruit trees and ornamental trees and shrubs can be planted now. Prepare the borders in the flower garden for the spring blooming bulbs, mixing in well rotted cow manure. Plant Tulips and Hyacinths from four to six inches deep. Plant Narcissus, Snowdrops, Star of Bethlehem, and Chionodoxa in_ irregular groups in the grass for naturalization. “They increase and spread, and do much better when left undisturbed, which would not be the case if planted in the flower borders. If the weather is open, sow lawn grass seed during the early part of the month on thor- oughly prepared land. Sow the seed broad- cast, then use a heavy roller to press it into the soil. Make a new strawberry bed the early part of the month if the soil is not too wet and the weather is open. Spread agricultural lime over the vacant plots in the garden, and in ten days or two weeks thereafter spread broadcast well rotted manure, and plow in deep, and leave the ground rough so as to mellow with the constant freezing and thawing. In early spring it can be again plowed and thoroughly pulverized with the disk harrow and rake. Sow rye now and plow under in the spring. It benefits the land by making humus. Last Sowings in Order Mes a last sowing of spinach, kale, and turnips for salad either broadcast or in rows. Keep the lettuce frames going steadily, one crop following the other. Plants from seed sown in August and transplanted in September should have been pushed to maturity by fertilizers (nitrate of soda, or liquid cow manure), so that they will be headed up well by Thanksgiving. More seed should be sown now to be ready for transplanting in January. Use Burpee’s Way-ahead, a good butter head type; Hanson has a good flavor and is crisp, has a crinkled leaf, does not head up. Asparagus plants can be set out from now on until March as long as the ground is in good working condition. Giant Argenteuil, Reading Giant, and Conover’s Colossal are good types and free from rust. The latter is well flavored and good for cutting green. The former is large and tender and excellent for canning. Plant asparagus in trenches two feet deep and two feet wide, five feet apart, and fill in with one foot of manure, cover with four inches of soil and place the plants fifteen inches apart in the trench and _ crosswise, spreading out the roots. Pack the dirt around the roots, but do not fill in the trench com- pletely. Asparagus roots have a tendency to -work upward and should be planted deep and the dirt filled in gradually. The shoots should not be cut for three years, and then very spar- ingly. Cut only for two months after the shoots appear above ground. Asparagus is a gross feeder, so cover heavily with manure in the fall, and supplement with a commercial fertilizer in early spring, and harrow into the soil in March, as the cutting begins in April. Set out the cabbage plants for the spring crop. Early Jersey Wakefield is a good early variety. They need little protection, only coarse strawy manure between the rows, not close on the plants, as it would be too heating on mild days. Continue to bank up the celery plants, and at end of month or first of December cover with straw or pine tags, placing on top some planks in a sloping manner like a roof so as to carry off rain and snow. Making all Snug RUNE old apple trees and scrape fle loose bark from the trunks, as it harbors insects beneath. Peach and plum trees should be trimmed and the trunks examined for borers. Dig a foot below the level of the ground, and cut out the borers with a stout wire or a sharp knife, and paint the trunks for a foot below, and two feet above the level of the ground with coal tar or lime-sulphur. New trees should be pruned and headed low, making it easier to gather fruit. Feed the roots of the trees either by spreading manure broadcast and plowing it in, or sowing rye or crimson clover in the orchard the last of October or first of November to be plowed under for green manure in the spring. Search for cocoons and eggs of caterpillars and insects and destroy them now. It will save much labor in the spring. Examine the ornamental trees as well, and destroy the cocoons of the tussock moth, and any other evidence of insects. Protect Otaksa Hydrangeas and standard tender bush Roses with a little straw wrapped about them. Other Roses only need coarse strawy manure above the roots. Sow seed of Poppies, Forget-me-nots, and Sweet Alyssum, and Portulaca, and Arabis in the border where they are to remain. Clean up the flower borders thoroughly and burn up the trash. .Trench between the perennials and roses, digging above two feet, putting in a foot of manure and replacing the dirt on top. VIRGINIA. J. M. Patrerson. Fall Plowing for an Early Start PREPAREDNESS is the present moment slogan for the gardener as for anybody who is aiming for eficiency. The gardener must get started in the fall and continue his preparations during the winter, in order to forward the work of § spring. While truck- ing in the North, my most important work in the fall was ‘plowing. On land that is to be plowed in the fall one can use fresh man- ure, full of straw or shavings, with success; for the rains of early spring and the spring work settle the dirt down firmly on and in the manure. In this way one gets all the value of the manure. Another advantage of fall plowing is that the soil is improved by freezing when left rough. It also helps exterminate in- jurious worms, as grubs, wire worms, etc. In this section, very little fall plowing is done, for the following reasons: Either the soil is so light that it blows: or, where heavy, it runs together so that but little is accomplished; or, some cover crop is or ought to be growing. Soils that are poorly drained should have at- tention given to their drainage before the ground freezes. Small patches are easily drained by digging ditches twenty to thirty feet apart and three feet deep and filling them with stones within 18 inches of the surface. Trenches of this sort will carry off all surplus water and admit of very early working in the spring. Here cantaloupe growers draw new manure for compost heaps; but in the section south of us, furrows are plowed, manure drawn directly from the cars and placed therein, being left there until about time for planting. Manure is also drawn for covering the straw- berry patches. Don’t wait until next spring to plan improvements to your ground. The fall is a good time to transplant apple and cherry trees, evergreens and Rose bushes. Prune fruit trees and grape vines, etc. MaryLanD SAMUEL H. GaREKOL. NoveEmMBeER, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 137 TTT A Woman's Idea ee that Proved a | a | Business Inspiration Just about 5 years ago at this time, one of our esteemed clients, Mrs. F. N. Doubleday, of Oyster Bay, L. I., called on us for aid to carry out a most unusual idea. Knowing her husband’s sentiments toward trees, also the beneficial and restfull influence exercised by their presence, she decided to give him Trees for a Birthday Gift! Three stately Evergreens she selected at our Nursery, trees 30 years old, | ready to immediately produce the effect for which nature created them. We planted the trees within sight of Mr. Doubleday’s office window — and there, they have ever since fulfilled the mission for which a thoughtful woman intended them. Here, then, is the idea of gifts of an unusual character. Instead of jewels, tapestry, etc., think of living trees as the greatest of all gifts com- bining usefulness with beauty and interpreting sentiment in the most delicate degree. In expressing your sentiments, call to your assistance Hicks’—The Nursery That’s Prepared We have been getting ready for just this type of service for over a quarter century. Acorns we planted have developed into stately oaks, ready to become some one’s pride on the home grounds. Evergreen hedges tall enough to furnish immediate seclusion; symmetrical shade trees that will make the new home as restful and cool as the old estate; Pie O Rierea tie will add many degrees of comfort to homes in windswept sections—these and many other large trees dev eloped for specific purposes are ready at ‘this nursery, waiting to perform the duty which your ingenuity may assign to them. There are tree gifts to suitall purses. Attractive groves of 993 cs | aaa shade trees are available for $50.—Every dollar invested in Hicks’ Large Trees stands for a 66 . 39 Shade substantial saving of time. A Booklet ‘‘De Luxe’’ Hicks’ Trees are Guaranteed to Grow Points the way to tree gifts for At this nursery, men, methods and sentiment combine to help nature produce trees and every purpose and occasion. A plants of extraordinary character. We ourselves love trees—that’s why we understand cozy, shady nook, made to order _ their needs for perfect development. This we encourage by frequent transplanting, repeated at Hicks’ for the grandchildren; a pruning and such other cultivation as each tree deserves. “The t100- point product thus living hedge, more economical and _ obtained is dug with particular care, packed, as many decades of experience have taught more beautiful than stone or iron us how and shipped or delivered in such a manner as to bring the trees to their new home fences; the Boundary Line Beauti- in a thriving condition. Hicks’ Trees must grow for you or new trees will be supplied with- ful of Hemlocks or Pines, these are out charge for any that do not grow satisfactorily. but a few of the subjects fully des- cribed and illustrated. All are ready “Rall Leaves” To us, trees and plants are living things, to be treated with con- at Hicks’ to serve people of dis- sideration and to be fitted to the environment that best suits crimination in search of the un- = them. We find trees to be ideal material with which to produce color harmony around the home. Particularly happy usual in gifts for all seasons. Both, — examples of trees put to ideal uses are illustrated in our new folder “Fall Leaves,” telling about Trees for November “Shade” and “Fall Leaves” are _ and December planting. To the man or woman looking for practical examples of good tree plantings, this booklet mailed free on request. Editions will prove an inspiration. A limited number are still av vailable to fill quick-action inquiries. limited—write TO-DAY. Hi 1c k Ss N urser 1 es ; Phone 6 VW es t b ut y; oe I, N. we ‘Christmas Gifts of Unusual Character for the Busy Business Man = The following special offers should prove of particular interest to New York Busi-~ ness Men who are in a position to look over these “Gifts” and select what most ap- peals. We are always glad to look after the details of delivering and planting. “Live” Screens to Shut of a Noisy Street, in form of a Wall of Green, 8 ft. tall, $3.18 per running ft., $318 per 100 ft. A Wall of Green, that Saves 10 Years’ W aiting, $6.60'per running foot. A Group of Rare Evergreens for Foundation Planting, 32 Specimen Plants of various heights and shapes $36. A Little Fruit Orchard, containing our own choice of a ‘‘Home Use Fruit Collection” of 13 Trees for $6. Appetizing Small Fruit Collection of Berry plants and Roots, 170 Plants of many kinds $7. A Grove of Big Shade Trees, composed of kinds with particuladly brilliant foliage at dierent seasons, 12 Well- shaped Specimens for $10 These are but a few of the many remarkable offers you 1 find in ‘‘Shade,”’ the booklet described below, which is yours free for the asking. Why not take us into your confidence and let us help you select the tree or plant gift tbaE will best Uplease t the ecient? MMM ULL f Iris and Phiox (ey “With a selection from the choice varieties listed in my Hardy Plant booklet, you can have flowers from spring until frost. This fall is the time to set Iris and Phlox, for, if you do so, they will bloom next year. If you cannot come in person to select your plants, send your name and ad- dress for a copy of the booklet. Adolf Muller x NURSERIES Norristown,Penna. ; Hardy Plants of Unusual Character-—— Antirrhinum glutinosum ‘‘Copper King’” Antirrhinum glutinosum ‘‘Crimson King’ Aquilegia Silver Queen Campanula barbata Canterbury Bells Rock Pinks—18 varieties Foxglove—‘‘Ayrshire White”’ Myosotis ‘‘Welwitchii’’—New Polyanthus—Bush Primrose—Finest Strain Verbascum—Miss Wilmott Descriptive Booklet FREE WOLCOTT NURSERIES, Jackson, Mich. HE most complete stock of hardy plants in America. Illus- trated catalog of hardy plants, shrubs, trees and bulbs sent free on request. , ELLIOTT NURSERY COMPANY 326 Fourth Avenue, 2 Pittsburgh, Pa. 2 Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 138 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NovEMBER, 1917 Twice Armed. Be Your Garden In these war times a Sunlight Double Glass Sash outfit—a cold frame, a hot-bed, or a small ready made greenhouse is doubly val- uable. It will carry the growing: of many kinds of vege- tables through Fall and Winter, and provideplants for early crops out-of-doors in Spring. These food supplies are now vital and when peace comes the same glass for a lifetime longer will go on expediting flowers and vegetables. Cold Frames or unheated greenhouses are best for certain crops and conditions, but it is easy to turn a Sunlight Cold Frame into a hot-bed or provide artificial heat fora small double glazed greenhouse. Even the little Sunlight Suntrapz set over plant boxes in a sunny room or in the sun out of doors will do their bit in starting seed or growing plants. Immediate ship- ment is made of sash, greenhouses, top frames, pit frames or any other outfits we carry in stock. Get our complete catalogue and net A postal card will do. Sunken Path House mess Bench House price list. SUNLIGHT DOUBLE GLASS SASH CO. 927 E. Broadway Louisville, Ky. For Those Who Garden = SLT TT r } nd (Gil G [ Oh S S LULL The matter of seed sowing constitutes often a most tedious job. If done hurriedly, by hand, rows are apt to be irregu- lar, seeds are often sown too thickly. The resulting need of thinning is a serious loss of time, not counting the waste of seeds. All this can easily be avoided by the use of PERFECTION DRILL @ AND SEEDER which marks the greatest improve- ment in hand and drill seeders in the last quarter cen- tury. Will sow all kinds of small garden seeds evenly, and to uniform depth. Of particular usefulness in hotbeds and greenhouses. A board is placed across bench, on which the little wheel runs. This operates the disc in the hopper which regularly and evenly drops all seeds, from lettuce and radishes to cabbages and toma- toes: Different size discs are sup plied for different size seeds. The drill is a model of simplicity, cannot get out of order, and serves its purpose a lifetime. Used on all flower or vegetable seeds. Price $2.00; weight 1 1 -2 Ibs. Soon pays for itself in seed and labor saved. Will do sev- eral tines as much wark as is possible to do by hand. Descriptive circular on request. Write or order to-day. OSMUNDSON SPADE MFG. COMPANY Perry, Iowa Special Prices to Fobters and Dealers LL If a problem grows in your garden write to the Readers’ Service for assistance -+-COMING EVENTS CLUB € S@IETY NEWe) Meetings and Lectures in November (Following dates are meetings unless otherwise specified) Minnesota, Minn., Garden Flower Society. Chry- santhemum Show, by announcement. Oct. 31 ppeeial Fruit Exhibition of the Massachusetts to Nov. 4{ Horticultural Society, The New England Fruit Show, and the American Pomological Society, Boston, Mass. 1. Marshfield, Mass., Garden Club. 2% Pasadena, Cal., Horticultural Society. 5. New Bedford, Mass., Horticultural Society. 6. Lake Geneva, Wis., Gardeners’ & Foremen’s Ass’n. Garden Club of Pleasantville, N. Y. 7-8. New Bedford, Mass., Horticultural Society. Chrysanthemum Show. (Subject to change.) 8-11. Cleveland Flower Show, Cleveland, Ohio, in con- junction with Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the Chrysanthemum Society of America (Cleve- land) and Fall Meetings and Shows of the Ameri- can Rose Society (Cleveland), and American Carnation Society (Cleveland). Horticultural Society of New York, American Mu- seum of Natural History, New York City. Annual Fall Exhibition. 9. Connecticut Horticultural Society, Wethersfield. Westchester, N. Y., & Fairfield, Conn., Hort. Soc. Valdosta, Ga., Floral Club (amateur) Chrysanthe- mum Show. 10. Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., Horticultural Society. 12. Park Garden Club, Flushing, L. I. Rochester, N. Y., Florist Association. New Rochelle, N. Y., Garden Club. New York Florists’ Club, New York City, N. Y. 14. Short ‘Hills, N. J., Garden Club. Lenox, Mass., Horticultural Society. Nassau Co. Horticultural Society, Glen Cove, L. I. 15. Marshfield, Mass., Garden Club. 15-16. Rhode Island Horticultural Society, Providence, R. I. Exhibition. 16. Pasadena, Cal., Horticultural Society. Dahlia Society of California, San Francisco, Calif. 20. Lake Geneva, Wis., Gardeners’ & Foremen’s As- sociation. Gardeners’ and Florists’ Club of Boston, Muss. 21. Rhode Island Hort. Soc., Providence, R. I. Tarrytown, N. Y., Horticultural Society. 23. Connecticut Horticultural Society, Wethersfield. 24. Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., Horticultural Society. 26. Park Garden Club, Flushing, L. I. New York Spring Show HE International Flower Show for New York, March 14 to 21, 1918, will be held under the same canditions and in the same place as the previous internationals— the Grand Central Palace. The preliminary schedule has been issued and offers as a framework of the display classes very much the same as those in preceding years. For the display of cut Roses, covering two hundred square feet, the first prize is $500; for dis- play of Carnations, $150. In the named classes for cut Roses, prizes vary from $50 to $100. Display of Orchids, $500. For a bor- der planting, $500. No inducement is offered for the hitherto familiar Rose Garden feature. The Exhibition Season URING the month of November various horticultural societies will hold annual and fall shows in which the Chrysanthemum naturally will reign supreme. The biggest gathering will be at Cleveland, Ohio, where the Chrysanthemum Society of America will hold its annual convention, November 8 to 10. Several coinciding events combine to make this a truly representative gathering of the season. The Cleveland Flower Show is conducted under the direction of the Ohio Horticultural Society, the Cleveland Florists’ Club and the Garden Club of Cleveland; and in addition to being combined with the meet- ing of the National Society devoted to the Chrysanthemum, there will also be combined fall meetings and exhibitions of the American Rose Society and the American Carnation Society. The combined displays will be held at the Hotel Statler. Naturally these events will offer the best opportunity this season of seeing grouped together at one time the vari- ous novelties in the florists’ flowers. I ne Have Flowers in Your Home all Winter At very little expense and with but little care youcan have an abundant succession of flowers in your home throughout the entire winter. A Very Simple Method of indoor culture is given in our Autumn Bulb Catalogue. Let us send you a copy. Learn how to bloom Paper White Narcissi, Roman Hyacinths and other attractive flowers in your home. You will also find in this catalogue cultural directions and a list of bulbs for fall planting outdoors. It is a splendid guide for amateurs—write for your copy at once. Narcissi, Paper White Grandiflora First size, 13 to 15 cms, 50c. doz. $2.75 per 100. $25.00 per 1000. French Roman Hyacinths, White 12 to 15 cms circumference, $1.10.doz. $8.00 per 100. $75.00 per 1000. Post or express paid East of Mississippi River. Points West add 15% to your remittance Arthur T. Boddington Co. Seedsman Dept. G 128 Chambers St. New York MIN Roses for Fall Plantin Plant now for indoor bloom this winter and for early out- door bloom next summer. You'll find a lot of helpful suggestions in our Autumn Floral Guide Lists and describes Pot Roses for indoor bloom, Own-root Roses and Hardy Climbers for out-door fall planting. Also hardy Ornamental Flowering Shrubs, Peonies, double herbaceous, Hardy Perennials, Hyacinths, single and double, Tulips, tested on our own grounds, and fall seeds for fall planting indoors and out. Send a postal for the Guide to-day ONARD x ROSES & JONES CO., Box 24, WEST GROVE, PA. Robert Pyle, Pres. A. Wintzer, Vice-Pres, Rose Specialists—Backed by 50 years’ experience. Lily of Valley after 20 days from planting in our prepared moss fibre. Can anything be sweeter or more fragrant? With every order we send sufficient of our prepared moss fibre to plant pips and FULL directions to grow them success- fully. Price Includes Delivery Our BULB BOOK tells all “How to have exquisite fragrant blossoms all through winter.’” Send for it to-day. It is free. H. H. BERGER & CO., 70 Warren St NoveMBER, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE For Fall Planting Lilac-time is springtime at its best. One can scarcely conceive of a spring garden without Lilacs; every bush a mass of glorious colors, and filling the air with deli- cate fragrance. Seemingly perfect as were the old purple and white sorts, the master hybridizer, Victor Lemoine, touched them with his magic hand, and lo, from them a multitude of glorified forms and new colors appeared, with individual flowers and trusses more than doubled in size; with varieties early and varieties late, thus con- siderably lengthening the blooming season. Ellen Willmott, with long pointed trusses and large snow-white flowers; Belle de Nancy, soft lilac pink; the splendid early flowered giant, Leon Gambetta. These are but a few examples of the more than 100 new varieties that I grow on their own roots at Wyomiss- ing. All these new Lilacs are unusually free bloomers—far surpass- ing the old sorts. If you wish these rich blooms in your garden next spring, the plants must be set this fall. Farr’s Hardy Plant Specialties (Sixth Edition, 1917-1918) describes Lemoine’s new _ Lilacs, Deutzias, Philadelphus, Japanese and German Iris, more than 500 varieties of Peonies, Evergreens, and Rock-plants. 112 pages of text, 30 full page illustrations (13 in color). A book of distinct value to garden lovers. If you do not havea copy of this Sixth Edition, send for one to-day. BERTRAND H. FARR—Wyomissing Nurseries Co. 104 Garfield Avenue Wyomissing, Penna. - 500 ACRES OF NURSERY 500,000 FEET UNDER GLASS LL plants and trees that grow successfully in America are assembled on our vast 500-acre nursery. “Long Experience,” ‘Perseverance” and ‘Careful Trial’’ are the magic words which have made our American-Grown Nursery and Greenhouse Products synonymous with hardiness and high quality NOW —Autumn and Early Winter until the ground freezes—is the best time—Nature’s time—to plant. Visit our nurseries, only 8 miles from New York. Write for Valuable Fall-planting Brochure Free on Request Rutherford, New Jersey ‘ Livingston’s Globe— The Peer of all Purples Livingston’s Famous Tomatoes for Underglass Culture are easily the most thoroughbred strains in existence to-day. They are the standard by which others are judged and have been such for’ many years. Among our more than 20 distinct varieties, several excel in special adaptability to greenhouse cultivation. Our special strains of Bonny Best, Comet Forcing, and Livingston’s Magnus are but a few of the Many Sorts for pouterent Sections ut Livingston’s Globe Leads Them All Pronounced by practical growers everywhere as the greatest sort ever evolved for either underglass or outdoor cultivation. One unbiased critic, familiar with all standard tomatoes, calls Livingston’s Globe ‘‘a mighty responsibility and trust,” because of its near perfection. Dependable under all conditions, early, very prolific, of great solidity and good size with a deep pink skin of a matchless shade, Livingston’s Globe is indeed a mighty trust to take care of. How well we succeed in doing it is attested to by the thousands of pounds of highest priced seed we sell every year. For underglass culture we offer seeds from our special private stock, extra-selected, saved from clusters of ideal fruits, at 35c per trade packet; } oz. 85c; 4.0z. $1.60; oz. $3.00. ; 0 O cannot be bought cheaply. The underglass grower Quality in especially en ill-afford pout the risk of disappoint- ing crops, when the cost of growing them is so great. Tomato Seeds Livingston’s ‘‘True Blue’? Tomato Seeds are sold in sealed packages only, protected by our ‘‘True Blue’’ Trademark, as shown below. To make sure of the genuine Livingston Grown Seed, order direct from us. Other “True Blue” Seed Specialties for Use in Hotbeds and Greenhouse The man who puts absolute dependability above mere price consideration will do well to profit by the experiences of this country’s foremost underglass gardeners. Their choice among the most popular vegetables includes Livingston’s Strain, Crosby’s Egyp= Livingston’s Special Grand Rapids tian Beet, early, small-leaved, fine Lettuce, the “‘crinkly”’ fringed bunch quality. Pkt. 10c; oz. 25c; } lb. 75c. lettuce. Pkt. 10c; 0z. 25c; + lb. 75c; Vickery Forcing Cucumber, an ex- Ib. $2.50. ceptionally fine strain of the White Fireball Radish, the earliest of the Spine type. Pkt. 10c; 4 oz. 30c; small red forcing kinds. Pkt.10c; oz. oz. 50c: 20c; +lb. 70c; lb. $2.00. Order direct from this advertisement as this selection is not offered in our catalogues—a special offer to Garden Magazine Readers only Catalogues of “True Blue’ Seeds FREE, also *‘Tomato Facts’’ Tell us whether you garden for pleasure or profit, on a Jarge or small scale, and we will mail you that one of our catalogues that will serve you best. ‘Tomato P Facts” is a unique booklet tracing the progress of the tomato from a little-known weed to its present day perfec- High: Contains many fine recipes. Write for your copy to-day. The Livingston Seed Co. ‘‘Famous for Tomatoes’’ 100 High Street Columbus, Ohio NN The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Gardening 140 Fourteen Superfine Hardy Phlox Most of them are recent introductions of famous European specialists. A wonderful advance in color and size over the old varieties, many of the shades being entirely new in Phlox. Phlox can be safely planted as long as the ground is not actually frozen. a Astrild—Bright cochineal-carmine. 3. Comte—Brilliant rich French purple. Europa—White with decided crimson-carmine eye. Elizabeth Campbell—Bright salmon-pink, with dark crimson eye. Gefion—Tender peachblossom pink, with bright rose eye. Grideur—Soft mauve-rose, suffused and overlaid with a lively deep shade of cerise. { Minerva—Luminous violet-rose, with white suffusion and { a bright carmine eve. Mrs. Jenkins—tThe best all round pure white. Riverton Jewel—Lovely shade of mauve-rose, illumi- nated by a brilliant carmine-red eye. Rheinlander—A most beautiful salmon-pink. Rynstrom—Same carmine rose color as the Paul Neyron. Thor—Beautiful salmon-pink, overlaid with a deep scarlet glow, large white halo and aniline red eye. Viking—one of the latest to flower, of a pleasing soft salion-rose. W. C. Egan—One of the largest flowered varieties; a pleasing shade of soft pink. Price:—Any of the above Superfine sorts, 20 cts. each; $2.00 per doz.: $15.00 per 100: set of 14 sorts, $2.50. Our Fall Catalog plants and bulbs e also gives a complete list of seasonable seeds, or outdoors, window garden and conservatory. A copy mailed free to anyone, mentioning this magazine HENRY A. DREER 714-16 Chestnut St. Philadelphia, Pa, Hardy Guaranteed Trees and Plants We guarantee our trees to make the growth the planter has the right to expect. This means: You plant our trees properly, give them due care and attention, and then if any of them fail to grow as you have reason to expect, we will replace them without charge. You are the judge of what you should expect. “Inside Facts of Profitable Fruit Growing” and ‘‘How to Beautify Your Home Grounds’’ sent prepaid for 10 cents each. WILLIAM P. STARK NURSERIES Box 488, Stark 'Cily Mito. Keep the War Garden Going! You gain money, better food and health when you garden all winter. It’s easy, too, by the use of Duo-Glazed Sash Frost proof; easily cleaned; durable; convenient and so simple a boy can clean it. Requires no covering at night. With Callahan Duo-Glazed Sash summer vegetables may be had all winter; spring may be advanced several weeks, and real profits may be had by intelligent work. Write to us for our sash catalogue CALLAHAN DUO-GLAZED SASH CO. Makers of Greenhouses and Garden Frames 1319 Fourth Street Dayton, Ohio Moth- LE Proof Cedar Chest Sent on Free Trial fie | For Xmas @ Every woman wants a Piedmont Red Cedar Chest. home needs one. Ideal XMAS Gift to Give Every Your choice of 90 styles and designs of famous Piedmont Red Cedar Chests sent to you on 15 days’ y P fave. | Reduced Factory, free trial. We pay the freight. A Piedmont protects furs, woolens, and plumes from moths. mice, dust and damp. Dis- tinctly beautiful. Lasts for generations. Finest Xmas, wedding or birthday gift at great saving. Write to-day for our Xmas catalogue and reduced prices—all postpaid free to you. Piedmont Red Cedar Chest ©o., Dept. 2, Prices. Freight Prepaid Statesville, N. C. . If a problem grows in your garden write to the Readers’ Service for assistance Reproduction of part of photograph in Le Jardin (France) showing wanton destruction of fruit bearing trees in evacu- ated districts Helping the French Orchardists HE Horticultural Society of New York is making an effort to render practical aid to the devastated orchards of France. The Treasurer, Mr. Frederic R. Newbold, Pough- keepsie, N. Y., has already been able to trans- mit nearly $2,000 through one of the members of the Society, who is also a member of the American Government Commission for the restoration of the devastated villages of France, and has volunteered to personally at- tend to the distribution of any funds that are sent over by the Horticultural Society of New York. The response from the membership of the organization was so gratifying that the Society decided to broaden its appeal and is now asking the active support and codpera- tion and subscriptions from members of the other societies and garden clubs. Subscrib- ers can feel assured that any funds put into the hands of the officers of the Horticultural Society of New York will really reach those who are in need of them. It is estimated that more than a mil- lion of fruit trees and berry bushes had been wantonly destroyed in Northern France up to June. Interest is centred not only in replanting devastated lands with new trees, but also in the work of distribut- ing graft wood and bud sticks for their recon- struction, where the trees had been cut off short as is shown in the accompanying illustration. Grafting methods will fortu- nately save and reconstruct thousands upon thousands of the destroyed orchards. ‘The Horticultural Society of New York has iden- tified itself very closely with beneficent ac- tivities in connection with the International Flower Shows in New York. During the last three years more than $27,000 has been handed over to the Red Cross and War Relief Committees cooperating. Tue Garpen Macazine urges its readers to contribute their share in the fund now open for the relief of the French orchar- dists. Sums of $1.00 and upward will be gratefully acknowledged by the Editor, or they may be sent direct to the treasurer, as above. Application of the ‘‘top- working’’ idea to rehabili- tate the orchards, perhaps with better varieties THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NovEMBER, 191% Saves Coal Y saving coal, we main- B ly mean that it gives more heat from the same coal. You may not burn any less coal; but you will have every room of your house filled with a de- lightful tonic health heat. A heat that is noiseless, leakless and dustless. KELSEY HEALTH You get more heat, and you get a heat that ventilates while it heats. A heat that you can use to warm your house in the winter, and cool it in the summer. Send for booklet HE KELSE WARM AIR GENERATOR Syracuse, N. Y., 232 James St. NEW YORK—103-P Park Avenue DETROIT—Space 95-P Builders Exchange CHICAGO—217-P West Lake Street BOSTON—405-P P. O. Sq. Building yee REE RS Some Plant Thoughts To Think LAN plantings care- fully now on paper. } It saves much digging up after plantings are planted. Use our nursery catalogue, as your guide book. Write us freely for any information. ulius Roehrs Co At The Sign of The Tree herford N. ORCHIDS Largest importers and growers of Orcuips in the United States Send twenty-five cents for catalogue. This amount will be refunded on your first order. LAGER & HURRELL Orchid Growers and Importers - SUMMIT, N. J. School of Horticulture for Women A AMBLER, PA. 63 Two years’ practical and theoretical course in Horticulture. Next entering class for diploma students January 15, 1918. Fall *\ course of ten weeks for amateurs begins September 11th. Write for particulars. “» Early registration advised. A Elizabeth Leighton Lee, Director, Box 105 May be done in the North if the plants are rightly cared for. This refers to hardy perennials and bulbs. Deciduous shrubs and trees, if banked may be planted until winter. When perennials are set late they should be in well-drained soil and protected the first winter. Tulips, narcissus, crocuses, when set late in the North should be covered enough to keep them from frost the first third of the winter, so that the new roots may form. This covering should be removed early in spring. Ack for Horsford's spring and autumn lists, also Catalogue M F. I. WORSFORD, Charlotte, Vt. SUNDIALS Real Bronze Colonial Designs From $3.50 Up Also Bird Baths, Garden Benches, Fountain Sprays and other garden requisites. Manufactured by The M. D. JONES CO. 72 Portland St. Boston, Mass. Send for illustrated Price-List * NovEMBER, 1917 Make Things Grow by Pruning Here is a book, “The Little Pruning Book” that will help you. It is an authoritative guide toright pruning. This book will tell you how, when and where to prune. Pruning in the Flower Garden; Pruning Hedges and Vines, Fruit Trees, are among its eleven chapters of sound pruning advice. The kind of shears you get is equally import- ~ ant. Pexto Pruning Shears will make pruning a pleasure. The easy grip and clear cutting are the things you’ll appreciate most. You'll find Pexto Pruning Shears at your dealers. Look for the Pexto Tool displays. Send to-day for a copy of our free circular, or send 50 cents for the book. Your money will be refunded if not satisfactory. The Peck, Stow & Wilcox Co. Mfrs. Mechanics’ Hand Tools, Tinsmiths’ and Sheet Metal Workers’ Tools and Machines, Builders’ and General Hardware. Southington, Conn. Cleveland Ohio Address correspondence to 2186 West Third St., Cleveland, Ohio THE GARDEN MAGAZINE FREE IOS 2 G eee e A 2 whe OW RSSL RUT IPI Y pry Some Good News _ To Those Interested in Having A Moderate Sized Greenhouse S near as we can make out, | there are a lot of people who very much want a greenhouse, but hesitate to make a move to find out definitely about them. Hesitate because of having an impression that they are a rich man’s luxury. If you have a garage or some other building you can attach one to; $1,000, $1,500 or $2,000 buys splendid little houses, constructed with everything the very best. Houses of Everlasting Lasting- ness. It’s doubtful, however, if any- thing much below these prices will give you anything that will continue to be a satisfaction and pleasure—year after year. Naturally, we would lke to build your greenhouse. Anytime you want to talk it over, one of us will gladly meet you at the time and place you may suggest. ©. Builders of Greenhouses and Conservatories SALES OFFICES NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO y 42nd St. Bldg. Tremont Bldg. Widener Bldg. | Continental & Commercial Bank Bldg. ; ROCHESTER CLEVELAND DETROIT TORONTO MONTREAL Granite Bldg. Swetland Bldg. _ Book Bldg. Royal Bank Bldg. Transportation Bldg. FACTORIES: Irvington, N. Y.;.Des Plaines, Ill.; St. Catharines, Canada. ; : z Ye ef 4 E- :. Uy MSs Cy ( Sa? A 50-gallon barrel of WITH FUNGIGIDE Scalecide free to any Ss Fa ihene Sey one who will suggest a Yor fairer guarantee than -PERENNIAL AN UNUSUAL... OPPORTUNITY that given below. ““SCALECIDE” As proof of our confidence and to strengthen yours, we will make the following proposition to any fruit grower of averaye honesty and veracity: Divide your orchard in half, no matter how large or small. Spray one-half with “SCALECIDE,” and the other with Lime-Sulfur for three years, every- thing else being equal. If at the end of that time, three disinterested fruit growers say that the part sprayed with ““SCALECIDE” is not in every way j better than that sprayed with Lime-Sulfur, we will ae you the money you paid us for the ‘‘SCALE- Ten Cents Each—Not less than $1.00 worth sold; Express collect (no stamps, please) 50 for $5.00. 100 for $10.00. Express prepaid SWEET WILLIAM, Auricular Flow- HARDY PHLOXES in white, red or Strong, field grown plants ready for Oct. ered and Newport Pink. pink. and Noy.planting. These plants willmake BLEEDING HEART (Strong Roots.) 4 big showing in your garden next season AQUILEGIA_ (Columbines), Lon PaaS : ; = : Seen Era ee Eiybexds. g EA eae s Breath.) and will thrive and grow in any climate. S, the most heavenly s Ne COREOPSIS (one of the finest pure blue flower that ever graced a garden. PUGET SOUND HARDY jNATIVE yellow flower that grows). We grow them by the thousands. Bella SERS: Grant Swol d Ferns, 4 to oa Donna and other finest Hybrids. Joicls-: large Clumps,, Prepac. JAG ACHILLEA and AN OSIUSI GAILLARDIA, the pEake ato. Maiden Hair Ferns, 2 to 3 feet, 35 cts. SHASTA DAISY, ‘Alaska. Blanket flower. é per clump, prepaid. How about Peonies? We grow them. Send for named list. 1917 Reliable Home Grown Seeds also. Order from this ad direct, mentioning the Garden Magazine The Pudor Farms Send for new free booklet, “*Profits in Fall Spraying.” B. G. Pratt Co., M’f’s Chemists 50 Church St., Dept. I, New York Puyallup, Washington A UT Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 142 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE NovEeMBER, 1917 $] 50 METROPOLITAN SECTIONAL GREENHOUSE Quantity Production Makes This Low Price Possible In this Metropolitan Sectional Greenhouse, size 8 ft. 6 in. wide by 12 ft. long, you can grow your favorite kinds of flowers ay vegetables in and out of season. Can be connected with the residence or Barage, or put up as a detached house. Has two glass ends, with door in each, plant benches and ventilating system. Anybody who can handle a hammer can assemble it. Crated complete, with all hardware. Printed instructions for erection in- cluded. Price $150 F.O.B. Brooklyn. With heating pipe $50 extra. With heating pipe and boiler $100 extra. The quality, style and construction of this house are of the very finest. Our immense production makes this low price possible. Booklet on request. Metropolitan Material@ 1309-1319 Flushing Avenue Brooklyn, New York C (ALOWAY || Now for 1918! <—*, POTTERY Nom, that, the Tope a gare for an even better garden next year. 4 < GIVES ENDURING CHARM Garden end for our illustrated ~~ £ Tools Destleg ue of Flower Pots. will make your work a lot easier and Plant for Permanency Since 1790, this institution has preached the gospel of permanency and stability in gardening. Our services to the American public during the past century are visible to-day on some of the finest estates in the country. Trees, Shrubs, Plants of Proven Merit abound in our 800 acre nurseries. Before we offer anything, it must prove its value with us. If found worthy, it finally is offered through our Complete Cata- logue, which you wa ad well worth asking for. It is Free. Write TO-D. American Nasies Co., ti" New York TOWNSEND’S TRIPLEX The Greatest Grass Cutter on Earth —Cuts a Swath 86 Inches Wide Drawn by one horse and operated by one man, the TRIPLEX MOWER will mow more lawn in a day than the best motor mower ever made, cut it better and at a fraction of the cost. Drawn by one horse and operated by one man, it will mow more lawn than any three ordinary horse-drawn mowers with three horses and three men. Becavece Benches, Sundials, enable you to accomplish more in Send for catalogue illustrating all types of Gazing Globes, Bird Fonts‘and ; je caieimreviesteorib tation! TOWNSEN DIM OWES other Artistic Pieces for Garden Write to-day for free booklet. S. P. TOWNSEND & CO. and Interior Decoration. TD BATEMAN MW’F’G CO. 23 Central Ave. Orange, N. J. Gatoway TERRACOTTA ©. Box 35C Grenloch, N. J. 3214. WALNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA. we INSEE ROSES (Qe ROSES (Dy Sturdy as Oaks © : Sere ae Staalttalyr ihe destitGh the ance Caste re: FOR CHRISTMAS Send to-day for our “New Guide to Rose Culture” for 1917 —it’s free. It isn’t a catalog—it's a practical work on rose growing. Profusely illustrated. Describes over 1000 varieties of roses and other flowers, and tells how to grow them. Safe- delivery guaranteed. Established 1850. 70 greenhouses. YHE DINGEE & CONARD CU., Box 1137, West ep EEN Oy OSU WEE CR) LE Pa. The aristocrats of rosedom are Fairfax roses grown on their own roots under slowly natural conditions (never forced), they are heavy, stocky and vigorous, and Cedar Acres Gift Box of selected bulbs is a rare present, full of sentiment—a promise of glory sure to be fulfilled in next summer’s blossoms. Sent anywhere for $1. Let me send these boxes to your friends. Order now. I will deliver to any address with your card—Christmas. Cedar Aeres B. HAMMOND TRACY, Box 27, Wenham, Mass. will bloom the first season under ordinary care. Send for my free booklet which gives valuable information for those wishing an abundance of roses next summer. HANDY W. R. GRAY G LU E BOTTLES Oakton, Va. STRONGER THAN NAILS 10¢ OF ALPINES AND ROCK A PLANTS from the rugged slopes as the Rocky Mountains will con- lense more joy into a small space COLORADO : than any other style of Fall Gar- GARDEN dening. The list includes rare and choice varieties of Anemone, Co- lumbine, Clematis, Delphinium, Gentian, Evening Primrose, Pentstemon, Yucca, Hardy Cacti, and many others not commonly cultivated, all hardy and easily grown. Besides native plants, we grow and catalogue all the best orna- mentals for the Northwest, in- cluding trees, shrubs, evergreens and hardy flowers. Either cata- logue free. Rockmont Nursery, Boulder, Colo. Wholesale prices. Comes glazed, in sections. “Easybilt.”” Erect it yourself. Any size. Highest grade materials supplied complete. Shipped promptly anywhere. Send for our Greenhouse and Hot Bed Sash Booklet. FREE. Write NOW! , Gordon-VanTine Co. 6303 Case Street * Satisfaction Guaranteed or or Maney Back Back 5. Davennatt xe S sf Brooks Rupture Appliance Scientific is the culmination of our 30 years of experience as experts Rup ture in the treatment of Hernia. It ian is recommended by physicians Applia ef in all parts of the United States, England and Australia. New scientific invention that has proven a Godsend to rupture-tor- Brooder for 50 to 100 chicks No. 3 Poultry House for 60 hens—2 units Setting Coop tured humanity. Durable, cheap. @ |Sent on trial to prove its worth. HODGSON PORTABLE H O U SE S SE =| Made to measure—for adult or child. The various models of these houses are arranged after the most scientific methods of raising poultry. Years of experience have proved Suffer no longer. Write for measure Ml The proedey can be operated gusdoors: in zero weather. The poultry house is maceh in sections that can be eee bolted together blanks and full particulars. y any one e setting coop keeps a hen by herself while setting. All neatly painte end for illustrated booklet. P ‘ 116 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts BROOKS APP LIANCE COMPANY Room 311, E. F. HODGSON COMPANY 6 East 39th Street, New York City 275C. State Street z Marshall, Mich. The Readers’ Service will give you suggestions for the care and purchase of cats and dogs and other pets ‘ NovemMBeER, 1917 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 143 * Anegé laid for | every yolk made PX Most hens lay less Peay than Haliven the yolks that are formed because white el- ements are lacking in STANDARD. of theWORLD spas hres ee ee OOO ; EI DR PE ES the grain feed they eat. Wheat, corn, oats, barley, and kafir contain (above bodily maintenance) an average of 224 yolks and only 154 whites. The excess yolks which are absorbed by the hen, mean not only fewer eggs, but they form fat which cuts down egg production. Residence of C. D. MacDougall, Esq., Auburn, N. Y. IRON FENCE AND: ENTRANCE GATES OF ALL DESIGNS AND Yolks Whites ‘ FOR ALL PURPOSES ne Purina Chicken Chowder 182.05 282.55 WE INVITE CORRESPONDENCE WITH [7 Purina Scratch Feed 247.49 142.11 THOSE WHO ARE INTERESTED. Combined Ration 429.54 424.66 The Stewart Iron Works Co., Inc. “‘The World’s Greatest Iron Fence Builders’’ 655 Stewart Block Cincinnati, Ohio aWRITE* FOR BOOK OF DESIGNS Note the perfect balance and the large quantity of white and yolk elements supplied. More eggs or money back The money paid for Purina Chicken Chowder will be refunded if hens do not lay more eggs when fed Purina Chicken Chowder as directed with Purina Scratch Feed than when fed any other ration. You take norisk. 99 out of 100 hens eat too much grain which cuts down egg production. Feed the perfect balance—100 lbs. of Purina Scratch Feed to each 100 lbs. of Purina Chicken Chowder and you will actually use less feed and get more eggs. Sold only in checker-board bags by the leading cea ae your dealer cannot supply you, send us | SCR ATCH at CH ICKEN ry Splendid Christmas Gifts Pair Genuine Mahogany Sticks, 44 in. high, pair Genu- ine Bayberry Candles and hand-colored Greeting Card with charming sentiment, $1.00. Money back if you want it. A refined, tasteful gift. ~~ ee ee Oe, oe 64-page Poultry Manual FREE | CHOWDER: : Contains charts for breeding and feeding, cooking rh) recipes, blank egg records, plans for houses and IN CHECKERBOARD fi BM |/" CHECKERBOARD |] coops, cures of diseases, etc. BAGS. | eacs Ralston Purina Company 829 Gratiot Street St. Louis, Mo. Box with 24 envelopes, 24 sheets pearl white, linen finish Writ- ing Paper, each die-stamped with hand-engraved monogram, Gold or Silver ink. A gift of gen- teel elegance. Only $1.00. NARCISSUS BULBS Mixture, composed mainly of varieties Poeticus Ornatus, P. Poetarum, P. Pheasant’s Eye, single and double yellow Incom- parabilis, Stella, Barrii conspicuus, Mrs. Langtry, Dolly Cup, Our Big Gift Book pictures thousands of splendid gifts, some- thing to please everybody and at right prices. Your list of names, and our Big Gift Book is all you need. Send for the book To-day—NOW. It’s Free, and it’s a great big help. . THE HOLMES CO. 389 Elmwood, Providence, R. I. Minnie Hume, with occasional bulbs of other varieties. $1.09 per 100, $8.00 per 1009, postage or express paid. Prices-on } |larger quantities furnished on request. -Oronogo Flower Gardens Carthage, Mo. MR. ROBERT PYLE—the well-known Garden Lecturer and “ ” . = epee —16 j Rosarian invites correspondence from garden lovers and societies. HOW TO GROW ORES ee Lieay, eaiaons aang ors Subject — ‘The American Rose Garden” illustrated with finely natural colors. Not a catalogue. Price $1, refunded on $5 order colored lantern slides. Address: West Grove, Pa. for plants. The Conard & Jones Co., Box 24, West Grove, Pa. MOSES 27 NEW CASTLE Destroy Tree Pests Kill San Jose Scale, Apple Scab, Fungi, lice, bugs and other enemies of vegetation by 425: spraying with #5) GOOD'SS| HESE n eat and service- able fences are made of heavy, tough, springy steel wires, held firmly together at every inter- section by the patented steel. clamp; then, AFTER being made up, are galvanized. This makes them rust proof and long wearing. Settle the Fencing Problem with TRADE i “‘FXCELSIOR: RUST PROOF You are not limited to one style. Send for catalog B and choose the style and size that suits your needs. SSSSCC COS SO SSCS CSCO SSS SOO SS SOOO SFC COOT SOS OOOSSCOOOSOOD Soe Seer e SS SSSS SS SSS SOP SSSSTH ASOD OEAD SEDO DSSS DOSS SH OOM SOCOCOOS® ‘. ae ae — —— EF tena sees In justice to yourself, don’t settle the fencing question till you have investigated EXCEL- SIOR RUST PROOF FENCE. Ask your hardware dealer for EXCELSIOR RUST PROOF tree guards, trellises, fences, bed guards, railings, gates, etc. WRIGHT WIRE CO. Worcester, Mass. 2 EXWEREEUUUEU EE eee Vietrola XVII,$250 Victrola XVII, electric, $300 Mahogany or Oak |Distening to the Victrola fifteen minutes a day will alter and brighten your whole life because it brings to you the music of the world’s greatest artists to cheer, refine, educate and uplift Victors and Victrolas $10 to $400 Re Serene eee important Notice, Victor Records and Victor Machines are scientifically co-ordinated and synchronized by our special processes of manufacture, and their use, one with the other, is ab- solutely essential to a perfect Victor reproduction. To insure Victor quality. always look for the famous trademark, “His Mas- ter’s Voice.” It is on all genuine products of the Victor Talking Ma- chine Company. 5 THE “HIS MASTERS VOICE” COUNTRY LIFE REG. LAG, PAY OPK PRESS, GARDEN CITY, N.Y. “Victrola” is the Registered Trade- mark of the Victor Talking Machine « Company designating the products of this Company only, : Warning: The use of the word Vic- trola upon or in the promotion or sale of any other Talking Machine or Phonograph products is misleading and illegal. : i ‘ DECEMBER 1917 In This Issue: Christmas Gifts for the Garden Storing Tender Flower-Roots Encouraging the Birds Reyeate : Regiment. - Uo. Eapedi Donators : err cere ee oe NX a The Spirit of Christmas 1917 PRICE 25 CENTS UNM Kunderd’s 1918 Catalogue of New Gladiolus It is handsomely illus- trated and contains the largest and finest col- lection of gladiolus in the world and the best cultural notes, either for growing prize or show flowers, or the usual garden culture. Many grand new vari- eties of our own will be offered. This cat- alogue is free. Address the origi- nator of the Ruffled Gladiolus. Ey | Christmas Last | U1 Summer Lon This Christmas remember your friends with a box of choice Gladiolus bulbs. Think of the pleasure they will get from the beautiful flowers, opening in profusion all summer long, each bloom adding a link to the chain of friendship. The ‘‘Christmas Collection’? con- tains twenty-five choice bulbs—enough i for a good small garden. They will be packed in an attractive box, a card bear- ieee ing your name will be enclosed, full growing instructions will be included, and the whole sent postpaid, to reach the recipient just before Christmas. 5 America. Large flowers of lavender pink. 4 Baron Joseph Hulot. Rich violet. 4 Mrs. Frank Pendleton. Flushed salmon-pink. 4 Mrs. Francis King. Deep salmon-pink. 4 Peace. Giant white, with lilac feathering. 4 Halley. Delicate salmon-pink; creamy blotched. 25 Bulbs Postpaid for $1 My new Gladiolus catalogue tells about many other choice sorts and shows several varieties in natural colors. Send for a copy. JELLE Roos BOX A MILTON, MASS. Goshen, Indiana | LUTTON G Give 100% REENHOUSES WATER Attractive | SUPPLY OF ALPINES AND ROCK PLANTS from the rugged slopes of the Rocky Mountains will con- Z T° give an adequate uninter- COLORAD dense more joy into a small space : D Efficient | : rupted water-supply with the CHR SERE Teeny, olne stle ome al eae Satisfaction . Durable SYSTEMS = least ‘fuss and bother’’ is the aim choice varieties of Anemone, Co- Particulars Liberty Bonds ac- cepted in payment. lumbine, Clematis, Delphinium, Gentian, Evening Primrose, Pentstemon, Yucca, Hardy Cacti, and many others not commonly cultivated, all hardy and easily grown. Besides native plants, we grow and catalogue all the best orna- mentals for the Northwest, in- cluding trees, shrubs, evergreens and hardy flowers. Either cata- logue free. upon request -“ DEMING Hydro-Pneumatic Systems = As a result of 35 years of specialization = on pump designing and construction, = Deming Systems are as simple, sure and = permanent as long experience, expert workmanship and carefully chosen materials can combine to make them. Catalog on Request: WM. H. LUTTON CO. Greenhousez 263-269 Kearney Ave. Conservatories Jersey City, N. J. 0 Horticultural Architects and Builders Garden Frames The Deming Company ——- 122 Depot Street, Salem, Ohio Rockmont Nursery, Boulder, Colo. LT TTT TTT MOON’S SHRUBBERY For Safe Softens the angular lines of house foundations, increases the intrinsic value of the home, besides the pride afforded in beautify &. ¥, 4 7 Tree Surgery | your property. Ask for Catalogue No. A. 3 THE WM. H. MOON CO., Nurserymen The Davey Tree Expert Co. 111 Elm St., Kent, O. if, f Mi 7X MI aS Bulbs and Seeds Our catalogues, issued in Spring, Sum- mer and Autumn, list everything in seasonable bulbs, seeds, insecticides, fertilizers, implements, etc., at lowest prices consistent with Boddington quality. Let us put your name on our mailing list. Arthur T. Boddington Co. 128 Chambers St. New York e ; Davey Tree Surgeons iit HEN you want some especially fine _evergreens, the kind that have been neither coddled nor forced, but possess that CHIDS Largest importers and growers of INE just the ordinasy run of shrubs, but ie the full-rooted, sturdy topped }:ind, that NMLSeries youcan depend on. As for Rhododendrons, rs we have an exceptional assortment of both native and imported hybrids. You will say they are surely priced consistently, Send for Catalogue. much-sought-for sturdy constitution, result- ing from growing in the rugged climate of New England; then come to us. No finer trees can be found anywhere, or more rea- sonably priced. Serd for Catalogue. Orcuips in the United States Send twenty-five cents for catalogue. This amount will be refunded on your first order. LAGER & HURRELL Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J. aga On THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 145 uni AAT The Spirit of Christmas These are stirring times! The spirit of giving assumes a new significance. Gifts that are useful are valued most. If their nature is such as to spread cheer during dreary days, they are welcomed all the more. Few things we know interpret the spirit of the season better than flowers. Their growing becomes a source of new delight if you start with Scheepers' Quality Bulbs From France, we received the cream of the growers’ annual crop. Scheepers’ bulbs differ from = the ordinary commercial grades by being of exceptional size and unusual blooming qualities. Anyone is bound to succeed with them so long as the simple methods of starting and growing them, as” suggested by us, are followed. We will guarantee results with the bulbs offered below. They must | bloom for you (and will) or we will refund your money. We Will Mail, Postpaid, Carefully Packed in a Neat Gift Box 8 “Paper VVhite Grandiflora,’’ Narcissus 8 White Roman Hyacinths with Fibre Bulbs and Prepared Fibre . . . 50c in which to grow them . . $1.00 Planted as per directions we furnish, they will, within Strong, full of life bulbs that represent Bigcmide power 60 days after planting, burst out into those fragrant, in the highest degree, and bear lovely fragrant flowers, graceful flowers as pictured below. as shown to right, within seventy days after planting. Give either Box or both to one or several of your friends. We will mail them direct, with your card, and the season’s compliments. Anybody can grow these to bloom, and they thrive in any living room. These Bulbs are of extraordinary character— Not only are they of unusual size and exceptional blooming qualities but each one of them represents the same high ideals in bulb selection for which John Scheepers & Company were awarded, within the last year, three Gold Medals at the three most important flower shows in the country. Write us TO-DAY since our supply is limited Ce we urge immediate orders. gf », John Scheepers&Co.,Inc. © a Flower Bulb Specialists > , New York 2.4 > << 2 Stone Street NARCISSUS BULB (actual size) MMMM Mh iil a a0 Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too ee GS Sd 146 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE DECEMBER, 1917 COMMMME@EXZEELEEEEEEEEEEEEEELELE EE EEEEEEEEQEZ-: What to Expect in 1918 All during 1917 the editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE ° have been gathering data for this department. It is designed Garden Movies for the beginner who is heeding the “‘war garden” appeal. for the Beginner: Photographs that show “how” and text that tells “what” will elp him plan a garden that will help win the war. Here are the topics for each month throughout the year. January May September Stupy oF VARIETIES Wuy We Hitt Prants DicciInc PotTaToES AND OTHER Root PLANNING A GARDEN Wuy WE THIN PLANTS Crops EXPOSURE VALUE OF WATERING IN Rows Wuy THE WEED Must BE ERADICATED QUANTITY OF SEEDS SUCCESSIONAL SOWING Gertinc READY FOR FALL NUMBER OF PLANTS STAKING PEas SowiNnc Cover Crops Propuction VALUE SETTING Out WARM VEGETABLES VALUE or CovER CROPS Makinc a CHART TomMATOoES, EGG PLANT, ETC. Frost PROTECTION ADVANCE PLANNING June October TyInc PLANTS F. ebrua ry STAKING PLANTS Sow1nc Crops TO CARRY OvER WIN- Wuar Toots To Use Liquip FEEDING TER Hon oucnunoons CULTIVATING THE SOIL Fait PRoTEectION How a6 CAck boul loses GATHERING Earty Crops STORING CELERY, ETC. THe VALUE OF PREPARING THE SOIL SUCCESSIONAL SOWING STORING PARSNIRS, ETC: SUMMER Bucs GETTING VALUE FROM YOUR GARDEN THE VALUE OF MANURE MAKING PLANS FoR NEXT YEAR GENERAL INFORMATION FOR THE BE- J; l uly MEE @EEEEeEEeq@q@eqEEEEEE@@EE@@EECE@EEEZEZTEEEZEEE@EE@!EA_E©@EEV@!ELCEqEqqqqEqEEES GINNER MipsumMER Work N ovem be r Ma rc h SOWING FoR Fai CLEANING Up THE GARDEN TRRIGATION—DIFFERENT METHODS TRENCHING THE GROUND M@CMl.a SEED SowINc INDOORS WATERING REASONS, ETC. Lnuonc Maxinc Horseps How to Pick VEGETABLES Puttinc EVERYTHING AWAY PREPARING SEED BEDS IN FRAME SELECTING TYPES AND RARE SEED PROTECTING THE CANE FRUITS QUANTITY AND SPACING OF SEEDS USING THE GARDEN Propuct PROTECTING THE STRAWBERRIES \ s WIMee@eE@eE@eeEeE@ECEE@E@@@EEEE@q@EEEEEEE=EEEEEEEEEE® WCC ddl DIBBLING AND AFTER HANDLING Wa \ August D bee A pril RIPENING FALL Crops; ONIONS, ETC. ecemove \ SOWING SUCCESSION FALL CROPS PAINTING THE STAKES AND TRELLIS How To PREPARE THE SOIL VALUE OF SUMMER CULTIVATION CLEANING UP AND REPAIRING TOOLS How to MaKe DRILts Bucs AND DISEASES TO FIGHT AND FENCING THE GARDEN How To START THE GARDEN How to Ficut THEM GATHERING BEAN POLES OUTSIDE SOWING; QUANTITIES, ETC. PULLING Our ALL FINISHED Crops Maxkinc MELON FRAMES SPRING APHIS, ETC. GATHERING THE FRuIT Crop A SURVEY OF THE SEASON’S WoRK Begin your subscription with the first series of THE BEGINNER’S GARDEN in January. It is indispensable if you would have your garden yield its best. It is FOOD first that will win the war—then ships, munitions, and men. You will be contributing FOOD if your garden produces its utmost. BE PATRIOTIC—GARDEN, but make your garden worth while. Sign and return the coupon below and we will do the rest MMMEE@eeEE@@EEECECW-EE TEC THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, Garden City, New York I want THE GARDEN MAGAZINE throughout 1918 with the Beginner’s Garden. You may enter my subscrip- tion to begin with January and bill me for the amount of $2.00. Ja Cla Name WMA N The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Nursery Stock, etc. THE ARDE:. MAGAZINE DECEMBER, L917 - : LIX ¢_ Cover DrsicN—THr CHRISTMAS SPIRIT OF Of ei Vern ees, _ PAGE AMONG OuR GARDEN NEIGHBORS - - - - - 149 Experimenting with Hunnemannia—Tulips and Daffo- dils Planted Late—The Topeka Hollyhock Chain— Where to Obtain Rare Plants—International Garden Club Journal—Streptosolen Jamesoni as a Standard— A Home Made Bird Bath—Hardy Primulas for Un- heated Greenhouses— Comment on the Broomstick Scratcher—A Touch of Blue in the Fall Garden. Seven Illustrations. MAKING THE CHRISTMAS DOLLAR Buy a DOLLar’s WORTH ==) = =) = = eK Tue Montn’s REMINDER- - - - - - - - 152 ENCOURAGING THE Brrps - - Alice Lounsberry 153 photographs by W. P. Hopkins, A. R. Dugmore and others A GLANCE AT THE GARDEN BOOKS OF THE YEAR 156 VEGETABLES FOR UNDER GLass CULTURE A. Kruhm 157 AFTER Broominc—Wuat?- - Anna M. Burke 158 Photographs by the author and Nathan R. Graves Is Druc PLant GROWING PRACTICAL? L. Wayne Arny 160 WINTERING THE TENDER FLOWER Roots E.V.Wilson 162 Photographs by W. C. McCollom APHIDS ON YouR Pitum Tree? - Edith M. Patch 164 Photographs by the author AT THE TURN OF WINTER - - W.C.McCollom 165 Photograph by Arthur G. Eldredge ORGANIZATION IN AMERICAN HorTICULTURE - - 166 CiuB AND Socr—Ety NEwsS - - - - - - - 167 MULCHING—SUCCESSFUL AND OTHERWISE E. L. Kirkpatrick 167 Photograph by the author THE CRAFTSMAN WOODPECKER - - - - - - 1067 DECEMBER INTHE SouTH - - J.M. Patterson 168 THE STORAGE OF POTATOES - - - - - - - 168 My EXPERIENCE WITH CYCLAMEN IN THE HOUSE : E. von R. Hovey 170 Hoitmay GIFTs THAT THE GARDENER CAN SEND 172 Why Not Bind Your Magazines? Bound volumes of The Garden Magazine give you an up-to-date Cyclopedia of Horticulture. Six numbers to the volume. Index supplied Free. The cost is only $1.25, when you send back your loose copies. LEONARD BARRON, EpiTor Published Monthly, 25c. a copy. Subscription, Two Dollars a Year. For Canada, $2.35; Foreign Countries, $2.65. COPYRIGHT, 1917, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY GARDEN CITY, N. Y. F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President ARTHUR W. PAGE. S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer HERBERT S. HOUSTON, RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY, Vice-Presidents Secretary Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 mene — . flowers in the dominating parterre. Bird baths, seats and _ sundials may be used as accents in the garden as well as any other part of the grounds. Sundials have a charm which is indispensable and no large place is complete without one. There is a senti- mental attachment which makes the sundial a welcome part of any garden, and the legend which they carry may turn a morning of work into one of pleasant thoughts. Bird baths are being used more and more and no more suitable location could be found than in the vegetable garden—there the birds which busy themselves in destroying the insects in the garden may come to drink and their presence will afford much company during the working hours. Seats should be located here and there in the garden in order that it may prove inviting and livable. As cut flowers should be raised under vegetable garden conditions, there is no place more appropriate than along the paths in the vegetable garden and around the archi- tectural features which are placed therein. Location for the Vegetable Garden EAM EIO URGE the prime consideration in locating the vegetable garden is that a. site be selected where there is an ample amount of sun and where the soil is suitable for a garden, there are many other points to be given consideration commensurate with their importance. The garden should be located as an integral part of the whole scheme of the home grounds and should be planned in connection with the garage and other service buildings if the place is a large one. Any difference in grade may often be taken advantage of in locating the vegetable gar- |den. The gar- den should be handy to the kitchen and yet not too close to the house. It is needless to say that the garden should be screened from the view of the public and even the neigh- bors, when such an arrangement ble, [4 INTERSECTIONS | neon ane JANUARY, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE screen be a planting. fence, or a building. Lattice fences and c ~:r architectural features are often used for a two-fold purpose, acting as a background to one area and as a screen to the garden. A “Bit’’ for the children 7pee new vegetable garden may not be father’s garden alone, but may be used by the entire family, with a parterre reserved for each member. That children like to work upon an individual plot is shown by the success of the school garden; and with a home parterre reserved for each in the A INFORMAL SCHEAL B FoRmAL YCHrne— The vegetable garden will fit into the general scheme of a very informal handling Flowers for the July Garden 201 The’ front yard garden need not be the usual object of derision garden the child will cultivate a love for nature and for tidiness which will be in- valuable, apart from the advantage of out-of-door work. The older people may have a parterre commensurate with their strength and ability, the careful working of which may add many pleasant years to their lives. Gardens may be made which neighbors get together in maintaining and a similar scheme may be worked out in such institutions as the old men’s homes, private schools and or- phanages. Vegetables may be used for their foliage color, and plants such as horseradish, pie plant and asparagus where a denser foliage is desirable. Climbers may be used in a uniform manner, and trailers may be used for their peculiar advantage. If these suggestions are heeded the vegetable garden should be an added feature to the attractive place apart from its tremendous importance at this time as a factor in the war and food crises. Why not have a comfortable nook at one end or corner of: the vegetable garden? Why not? F. SPRING Massachusetts TAKE THOUGHT NOW AND PLAN TO HAVE BLOOM DURING THE PERIOD WHEN MOST GARDENS SHOW A LULL IN FLOWERS.—SPRING PLANTING FOR SUMMER BLOOM VERY one “running” a garden, large or small, has I suppose, the ambition to have an abundance of bloom during each and every month of the garden season. I had long realized that July was my sparse time and that my flower beds tended to “greenery” after the tide of the June color riot had ebbed. “Why don’t you go about to a lot of dif- ferent gardens,’ suggested my gardener son, who, beside supply- ing us with all the vegetables in the seed catalogue, gives us many a lift in our own domain, “‘and see what you find in blossom in July?” I took his suggestion, and by finding a specialty here and a novelty there, to add to our own standbys, succeeded last year in making my garden look not only green, but gay, in July. The results | am going to “pass on” that they may be a little help to others in studying the spring catalogues and deciding on their plans for the year. Japanese Iris is then at its best. To my mind no flower grown is so distinctly queenly and gorgeous. I have set a border of this at the front of my garden alternating with I. sibirica which blooms in late June running into early July, thus insuring a fairly long season of bloom. When the Japanese Iris is at its height, The Tiger Lily a feature. one can only wonder—and admire! Every individual is beautiful and therefore one need not purchase named varieties unless a long purse allows. The ‘‘clumps” increase in size and luxuriance. My own border has been delighting us for many years. The English Iris (I. ziphioides) is mainly a July flower, following its enchanting Spanish relative which blooms in June. It is a bulbous Iris, most Marigold behind sundial with low annuals in front of them charming and beautiful, of varied orchid-like colors. As bulbs are small and stems slender, it may be set, like the Spanish, thickly, between other plants which follow. We fill in spaces in front of and between our July Iris border, with dwarf Zinnias, Bachelor’s Buttons, and Sweet Alyssum, to insure a gay succession until fall. Roses. A few Ramblers, set around arches or pergolas, add much to the color and gay appearance of any garden. The blooming time of Crimson Rambler, Dorothy Per- kins, and Baltimore Belle runs over into July. The standard Roses have had their splendid show, but many rare blossums may be cut during July. Pansies, Violas, and Verbenas may be planted around them as a bed carpet. Hollyhocks are distinctly July flowers, and nothing is more dec- rative and showy, massed in backgrounds, or against a gray stone wall—if you are fortunate ° enough to possess one. They soon grow shabby and must have as neighbors later blooming plants to fillin. The single ones are to my mind most beautiful. Hollyhocks are attacked by a fungous disease. Spray early with bordeaux mixture. Cover with manure in winter. Lilies. Of these there are many — 202 THE GARDEN, MAGAZINE JANUARY, 1918 to ornament and make fragrant the July gar- den, of which they are a distinct asset. Lilium candidum, the Madonna Lily, comes first to mind. I think there is no more enchanting combination than masses of its pure white blooms next Delphinium. Save your Easter Lily bulbs too and set them in the garden. The Tiger Lily with its old timey associations of humble country homes and: deserted farm gardens, is a favorite of ours, and set where its gaudy coloring will not offend, is picturesque and effective. The Brown Day Lily (Hemerocallis fulva) is of the same class—rather coarse and common but effective as a“‘filler”’ and flourishing under any conditions. I once threw a clump on our compost heap and weeks after found it blooming gaily, not at all daunted! Lilium auratum —Gold- banded Lily is a gorgeous flower, to be cherished and admired—as the Madonna is to be loved. L. speciosum rub- rum is another magnificent vari- ety. The old-fashioned Lemon Lily (Hemerocallis flava) should always be included: blooming time extends into July, to be followed by the Yellow Day Lily (H. Middendorf) _ paler, more delicate and slightly frag- rant; both do well in partial shade. Two or three natives are ‘““must haves’; superbum— American Turk’s-cap Lily; cana- dense—the “Nodding Lily”’ of our childhood. Lilium elegans I prize greatly; its large orange-red clusters of blossoms are brilliant massed, hardy and increase in number eachyear. All Lilies require plenty of water and a winter mulch. Delphinium is surely one of the finest of, not only the July, but of the entire season’s showing. If severely cut after blooming, a second flowering rewards us. Save seeds of the finest and start same season to tuck in bare corners; we can hardly have too many! Plant in numbers, to give broad masses of color. Put a few coal ashes over clumps when starting, to discourage white grubs. Stake early. I love the whole family of Canterbury Bells. Campanula carpatica— both blue and white—is at its best in midsummer; and C. persicifolia (Peach Bells) both blue and white, gives wonderful color masses of great beauty. New blossoms appear through the entire season. There is a tall, delicate lavender variety that I prize greatly, and have never been able to name. It is a_ great “spreader” and beautiful picked. I once saw the entire altar, at the little Miracle Church at Ste. Anne de Beaupré, Canada, dec- orated with hundreds of its tall, ethereal, lavender spikes, and the beauty of the show has always stayed in my memory. Perennial Phlox starts its gor- geous career in July, and is easily one of the best half dozen per- ennials. Keep to the brilliant, clear shades, and have plenty of white; divide every three years. Single side shoots removed in the spring will propagate fine vari- eties. Miss eed is an early Tall standard Heliotrope a feature on each side of upper steps. also blue Steptosolen in full bloom. Annuals on steps white variety that I prize highly. It flowers in spikes, freely and abundantly, and has beautiful glossy dark green foliage. Foxgloves are one of June’s left-overs, but so decorative and ornamental that its late bloom should be encouraged by breaking off central stalk after too long an expanse of seeded stem appears. The pure white is most effective and beautiful. Encourage starting many of its thousands of self-sown seedlings, for a great number fail to winter. Set where ice and water will not settle about them. Blazing Star, if carefully set where its pinky- lavender hue will not clash with other colors, is a striking and individual addition to the July garden, with its long shooting sprays of bloom. Bee Balm—Monarda didyma—will spread and flourish in hot corners, and its color 1s excellent, and that Lychnis—miscalled Lon- don Pride—an old-fashioned flower now in favor, of a fine, flame scarlet, is a favorite in our garden. Sweet William continues to bloom, although Hollyhocks a feature for the month. Phlox coming into bloom. Ribbon grass gives light touch. Annuals used in foreground Snapdragons used freely, we have to cut it dow ~ before the season has far advanced. Shake . +t seeds liberally, and your border will be perennial. We had a gorgeous wide row of salmon pink (var. New- port Pink) this year, that was the glory of | the garden. Gaillardia, Perennial Coreopsis, Dianthus, Snapdragon, all give bloom in July, and are satisfactory and valuable addi- tions. Balloon flower (Platycodon) with its gen- tian-blue bells is a favorite of mine; also. Hunnemannia, a charming poppylike flower not much grown, with finely crimped yellow cups and lovely gray-green feathery foliage; beautiful for picking. Before leaving the subject of perennials, I cannot too strongly urge careful cutting of all withered blooms. Amateurs often cannot realize what a vast difference this makes in the appearance and pro- ductiveness of the garden. A second blossoming is thus given to most perennials, and blooming time of annuals indefinitely ex- tended. F ANNUALS for July I shall not attempt more than to give a short list of my own favori- tes. July is the carnival of the annuals, which, if started early enough, will give a wealth of bloom, of every color and variety. Let me strongly urge getting annuals into early flowering. Those starred (*) in list below, may with great benefit be started in the house very early in spring. [Practical detailed instructions for planting seed in the house or frame will be given in the February Gar- DEN Macazine.| Others not having tap roots will gain in length of season if started in a simple cold frame. Zinnias, both tall and of the charming new dwarf variety; Bachelor’s Buttons (Emperor William best); Poppies—of which have pos- sible every variety both as to color and bloom- ing time; Marigolds; Petunias; Nasturtiums; Verbenas*; Pansies*—including Violas,* An- nual Larkspur (new double, one of the best - annuals grown and blooming until hard frost); Salpiglossis; Mourn- ing Bride; Phlox Drummondi; Calendula; Early Cosmos* (beau- tiful set in Asparagus); Sweet Pea; Sweet Alyssum; Strepto- solen,* a charming low-growing blue flower seldom seen, especi- ally lovely for rock-work. A last word in reference to work in the July garden—stake all tall plants not already attended to; but remember early preparatory staking is infinitely more satis- - factory than late compulsory at- tention. The load of wood from the woodlot that is burned in your home this winter. will not only keep you warm, but will also re- lease some coal for another family that might suffer without it. The ring of the axe in the woodlot will mean less suffering from cold in the tenements. Asa duty to our country let’s use the fuel furnished by the country side. January, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZ INE 203 Hurpees e Leading American SEED CATALOG Will Bring This Boole To You. THE PLAIN TRUTH ABOUT SEEDS THAT GROW BURPEE™ EARLY KING BURPEES NEW EARLY FLOWERIN SPENCER _SIler toOsJ [enuuy pv2Gqg s.,vadung a e . N } 7 ay - D, ; Marenusss . : feariamacorus ees etme Ve x \ | Le é 103 Burpees Seeds Grow — WaAtlee Burpee &Co, | | Burpee Buildings, ECS Colored | | Tilustrations This Book is sent free to all who write for it a Post Card will do. Write for your Copy To- -day. and hundreds of others showing every variety of Vegetables and Flower Seeds. “The Best Seeds That Grow” W. ATLEE BURPEE & co, Burpee Buildings, Philadelphia THE GARDEN MAGAZINE FANUARY, 1918 The Evolving of NITRACO climate for anything that grows. It is truly an ‘‘all around” fertilizer. Such a fertilizer cannot be born over night. And Nitraco was not. Let us tell you of its evolving. For years, we have been engaged in the fertilizer business. Years, during which we have been in constant intimate touch with hundreds of gardeners —professional and amateur. Men who have been up against every conceivable kind of fertilizing problem. Problems which it has been our job to solve. And from the solving of which Nitraco was gradually evolved as the solution to all fer- tilizing problems. : We say “gradually” evolved and we mean Yu can use Nitraco on any soil in any NITRAT Horticultural Dept, Harry A. Bunyard, The Universal Plant Food “A Fertilizer Is As Good As Its Analysis” just that. There was no hurry-up or rush about it. Mixture after mixture was made and tried. Time and again results were at- tained that would have satisfied most con- cerns. But they did not satisfy us. It was the ideal “all around”’ fertilizer that we were after. Nothing short of it could stop us. Nothing short of it did stop us. Try Nitraco and you will agree that our “hard-to-satisfy”’ standpoint was the right one to take. Try Nitraco and you will never again putter around with inferior fertilizers. Your Seedsman can probably supply you with Nitraco. If he can’t, we will. Send for analysis, prices and other Nitraco in- formation. Trial 1 Ib. carton mailed postpaid for 26c. "AGENCIES 108 Pearl Street AMERICAN-GROWN TREES Shrubs and Plants UR ability to supply trees, shrubs and plants of the highest quality is not curtailed by the stoppage of for- eign shipments. Buy nursery stock grown at An dorra Andorra. Nurseries Wm. Warner Harper, Prop. Box 100 Chestnut Hill Phila., Penna. Our catalogue, “Suggestions for Effective Planting” on request. “DOUBLE YOUR GARDEN AREA THIS YEAR AND HELP WIN THE WAR” THE HOME OF HEATHER is ready to supply the chcicest strains of Wegetable Seeds, in addition to their Superior Flower Seeds, Bulbs and Plants. SWEET PEAS A SPECIALTY We have every Variety worth growing—including both New and Standard sorts. HEATHERHOME SEED & NURSERY CO. 258 Fifth Avenue New York City The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Nursery Stock, etc. Plan NOW to get ready to plant your native ferns, plants and bulbs early in the spring. Early plant- ~~ ing brings best > results. “K Send for descrip- tive catalogue of over 80 pages. It’s FREE. EDWARD GILLETT 3 Main Street, Southwick, Mass, ORCHIDS Largest importers and growers of Orcuips in the United States Send twenty-five cents for catalogue. This amount will be refunded on your first order. LAGER & HURRELL Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J. HE most complete stock of hardy plants in America. Illus- trated catalog of hardy plants, shrubs, trees and bulbs sent free on request. ELLIOTT NURSERY COMPANY 326 Fourth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. Getting a Running Start pies is the month of preparation: choosing the garden site, planning the garden on paper, ordering the seed, mending the tools, making stakes, etc. If the agricultural lime was not put ‘no in the fall it should be spread on the ground now, so that it can be washed into the soil. Deep plowing in the fall and a covering of lime helps to liberate the potash already in the soil and make it available for new crops. Choosing the Garden Site AN SOUTH-EASTERN exposure is prefer~ able with the rows running north and south. A garden should be no larger than is really necessary to supply the needs of the family, or to be kept in good order through the amount of. labor one can command. Especially in this year of stress. Much can be done on one-tenth of an acre, and a back- yard garden measuring 30 x 4o feet will feed a family of four, with judicious management of rotation of crops; though this does not allow for staples such as potatoes and cab- bages for winter storage. Planning’ the Garden on Paper IDSA the garden to scale, i.e., in your plan let a half inch or a quarter of an inch represent a foot. Apportion a part of the garden for small fruits, and also for perennials or permanent crops, so they can remain undisturbed while the other crops which quickly come to maturity can be planted in rotation. Put the permanent garden at the furthest end; and the herbs nearest the house, for convenience. The next nearest’ space lay off for the ever changing crops, designated under the head of annuals. Thus the raspberries and blackberries and dewberries could be planted at the furthest end and trained to a fence or tied to stakes. Then plant gooseberry and currant bushes, and then a row or two of strawberries. Have the asparagus bed next and then a row of rhubarb. The long season crops are next in order; these are salsify, carrots, parsnips, and onions. Of the other vegetables such as beets, peas, snap beans, butter beans, potatoes, tomatoes, squash, cucumbers, etc., there should be continuous plantings, following each other in rapid succession, and these crops should be planted where they are easy of access on account of the constant manuring and cultivating and rotating of crops. After planning the garden on paper this plan will serve as a guide all season and should be kept ready to hand to refer to constantly. Ordering the Seed (Ee busy at once. (1) Send for cata- logues of reliable seedsmen; (2) make out your order; and (3) send it off as soon as possible. If a garden calendar or diary has been kept as has been constantly advised in these columns, refer to the notes now and make a careful list of those vegetables that have proved satisfactory, with the amount of seed needed. Be certain to order enough’ for (Continued on page 206) JANUARY, 1918 ZAMAN E Fond of Asters? My carefully selected strains of this most popu- Jar Annual are the best known in the trade. They are the kinds your florist grows and will please you. Select your favorites from the long list in my free catalogue. Gladioli, Dahlias, Hardy Plants, Roses, Shrubs and Fruit Trees Mine is a nursery of specialties. The plant business is so diversified, no nursery can grow everything. I grow only those plants that most appeal to me, and grow them as only a fond specialist can. Somefof my specialties will fit in your garden scheme. Let me mail you the free catalogue. Ralph E. Huntington, Painesville, Ohio lM SE ool Ne perAcre om Strawberries Mr. Nord made a net profit of $665 per acre oy with KNIGHT’S BERRY PLANTS. r Mrs. Baker made over $300 with $30 worth of KNIGHT’S BERRY PLANTS Mr. Quick invested $6 in KNIGHT’S BERRY PLANTS. They cleared him over $100. The Mellera Sisters bought 850 KNIGHT'S BERRY PLANTS, costing $2.55. Net profit the next spring $136.33. The secret of success with small fruits is KNIGHT'S BERRY PLANTS. Send for free catalogue TO-DAY DAVID KNIGHT & SON Box 75 Sawyer, Mich. THE GARDEN! Now is the time to get the glass and start plants in time for the most critical season ever known—the great war year of 1918. The Sunlight Double Glass Sash is of course the best—it saves half the operating labor and cost and insures the best and earliest crops. A cold-frame, a hot-bed, a small, ready-made greenhouse will be shipped immediately on your order. | They last a lifetime. Complete catalogue on request rn Sunlight Double i= Glass Sash Co. 7 927 E. Broadway and Cold-frames Louisville Ky. MORE FRUIT from your trees if you keep them free from San Jose ~ Scale, Aphis, White Fly, etc., by spraying with b BPA Se GOOD SrorasiF ISH Ol = OAP NOS T Kills all tree s¢ without injury to 2S ee soil and aids healthy growth. FRE Our valuable book on Tree and Plant Diseases. Write today. JAMES GOOD, 2111-15 E. Susquehanna Ave., Phila. WHOLESALE PRICES On large orders of small fruit plants; large assortment of the BEST new and standard varieties to select from, including the BEST fall bearing kinds. 25 years’ ex- perience in propagating fruit plants, and every ship- ment backed by our ironclad guarantee. Send to-day for our free catalogue, showing eight pages of berries in their natural colors. A. P. Weston & Co., Bridgman, Mich. oT STRAWBERRIES Growers who use Kellogg Pedigree Plants and follow the Kellogg Way make $500 to $1200 per acre. FREE BOOK TELLS HOW you can make big and quick profits growing and Pine strawberries the Kellogg Way. Pictures and fully de- scribes the world-famous Kellogg Straw- berry Gardens, also the wonderful Kellogg Everbearing Strawberries. Offers big cash prizes to boysand girls, and gives the women folks 30 recipes for making clelicious straw- berry dainties. Write to-day —it'’s FREE. R. M. KELLOGG CO., Box 690, Three Rivers, Mich, No. 306 For Seeding, Cultivating and Hoeing B Doing a Bigger “ Bit” It’s not the energy you use or the time that you spend that counts. It’s the results you get. You can do a bigger ‘“‘bit’’—raise more food—with less work if you have the right tools. The easy-running push-ahead-a-step-at-a-time IRON AGE Garden Tools solve three big present-day problems. They _ the seed with loose soil, mark the next row and help lower the “high cost of living,” provide Pack the soil with a roller—all in one operation. plenty of fresh vegetables and release food for Later, you can easily change it to a wheel hoe. our brave boys in khaki. It will then hoe, open furrows, level and fine ; é your soil, ridge growing crops, cultivate, etc. Our No. 306, shown above, is an especial favor- — Jyon Age Garden Tools are made in 30 com- ite of the home gardener. It will open its own __ pinations and at prices from $4.50 to $30. Also furrow, sow in continuous rows or in hills, cover Spraying, Potato and Cultivating Machinery. Write to-day for booklet—free, of course BATEMAN M’F’G CO. Gréntocu, n. 3. 82 Years in Business From Your Onn Rese Bushes What infinite satisfaction there is in adorning the home with roses selected from one’s own rose bushes! You can readily have a profusion of lovely roses. Our 1918 FLORAL GUIDE lists and describes nearly 400 ‘‘ Best Roses for America’ "— varieties for every purpose. Carefully grouped to make selection easy and certain. Contains 84 pages, profusely illustrated. Sent with instructive book- let ‘“How to Grow Roses” and a 25c return check good on your first $1 order. All for roc. Send to-day. It pays to have your own roses. ONARD x ROSES & JONES CO., Box 24, WEST GROVE, PA. ROBERT PYLE, Pres. A. WINTZER, Vice-Pres. Backed by 50 years’ experience Sx ' Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 206 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JANUARY, 1918 ws SIMI (Continued from page 204) FF HAA ST The Cloche Co. C. H. Allender, Mer. Begs to announce the removal to more commodious quarters at 37 Warren Street New York City Order Your Paper Pots Early No increase in price, while present stocks last. 2x2 4x2 3x3 Ax3 Makegardeninga pleasure and asuccess. When it is time to set your plants out of doors you simply plant the pot in the ground and it rots away. Set your “Groquik” Forcers over them and you will have the finest results— 4 to 5 weeks ahead of the ordinary method. Per Per 100 1000 2 size—for all small Plants... $ .75 $5.00 size—for Sweet Peas only.. 1.00 6.00 3 size—for Tomatoes, Melons, Cuwcumbersetere ase ee 1.25 6.50 4 x 3 size—for Corn, Beans, etc.. 1.50 7.00 Every Seed Means a Plant! iS} Oo > 4 is) “Groquik” Forcers SIZE B $10.50 per 100 SIZE C $16.00 per 100 Glass extra. Smaller quantities can be had. Send for price list. Single Wire Forcers as shown alongside, are assembled by simply in- serting the glass in the side loops. Any size of glass can be used. Sample on receipt of 15c Wires only, per dozen......... $ 1.50 Wires only, per 100........... 11.50 This is the N. Y. Division Selling Agency of The Skinner Irrigation Co. Stock of Fittings, etc., always on hand. NL HUNAN the whole season. It is better to order too much than to under-order, but don’t be wasteful—good seed is scarce. Order only from reliable firms. Labor is too valuable now to throw time away in planting poor seed. Get the very best. Plant prolific types, as quantity is a factor now. Try a few new and well recommended varieties, but for the main crops stick to the well tested varieties. Below is a list of vegetables that have proven of fine quality and suitable for the home garden in this section. Asparacus: Giant Argenteuil, Beans: Burpee’s Stringless Green-pod Bush-bean; Early Valentine (Red); Kentucky Wonder (Climbing); Fordhook Bush Lima; Southern Butter-bean (Pole); Burpe2’s Giant Podded Pole Lima. Beets: Bassano; Extra Early Egyptian; Eclipse. Cuarp: Lucullus. BrussEt’s Sprouts: Burpee’s Danish Prize. Caspace: Early Jersey Wakefield; Succession; Early Flat Dutch; Autumn King. Carrots: Chantenay. CavuLiFLowerR: Burpee’s Dry-weather. Cerery: Golden Self-blanching; Winter Queen. Corn: Golden Bantam (early); Adams Extra Early; Howling Mob; Country Gentleman: Stowell’s White Evergreen. CucumsBers: Davis, Perfect; White Spine. Ecoprant: Black Beauty. Enpive: White Curled. Kare: Dwarf Scotch. Letruce: Burpee’s Way-ahead; Big Boston; May King; Dwarf White Heart Cos. Musk Merton: Netted Gem. WaTERMELON: _ Florida Favorite. Oxra: White Velvet. Onions: Silver King; Potato onion; Yellow Danvers; White Queen; Prizetaker. Peas: Burpee’s Extra Early; Alaska; Telephone; Nott’s Excelsior; Champion of England; Black Eyed Peas. Peppers: Chinese Giant; Neopolitan; Ruby King; Tabasco. Pumpkins: Jumbo King. Rapisues: Scarlet Button; White Icicle. Ruupars: Wyatt’s Victoria. Sastry: Sandwich Island Mammoth. SprnacH: Victoria. Souasn: Early White Bush; Golden Crookneck. Tomato: Chalk’s Early Jewel; Sparks’ Earliana; Brimmer; Bonny Best; Success; Stone; Matchless. Turnies: Purple Top; Norfolk (for salad). Porarors: Early Rose; Eureka Extra Early; Irish Cobbler; Green Mountain. Early Planting LANTING does not form a conspicuous part of the work for this month. But during the fine weather it is a good month to plant an asparagus bed; also as peas are a cold weather plant the smooth varieties of garden peas can be sowed the first and the middle of the month. Sweet peas should also be sowed now. Make a trench two feet deep, put in it six inches of well-rotted cow manure, and over this a four inch layer of good garden soil, on this sow the seed, and cover with three or four—inches of soil. As the plants appear gradually fill in.the trench. This makes them deep rooted and able to resist the intense heat, and with a little mulching of leaves or grass clippings the sweet peas will bloom for a much longer period. Peas and beans and all plants of the leguminous kind will give a bigger yield if the seed is inoculated before planting. ‘There are good methods of inoculation that have been advertised in the columns of this maga- zine from time to time. Begin to Spray "THE orchard should be looked after now and then and if there is any appearance of San José scale or oyster scale the trees should be sprayed with lime-sulphur wash several times during the winter. If the trees were not pruned in the fall they should be pruned now before the sap rises in February. Do not trim any of the early blooming shrubs at this time; such as Lilac, Forsythia and Spiraea. (Continued on page 208) The. Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Gardening i [3 Water Your Garden Biel The Skinner System Way HOSE watering means too much in some spots, too little in others; none at all in still others. Also means a lot of bother and trouble. Water your garden the Skinner way. The Skinner System waters thoroughly and uni- formly. The water falls in a gentle rain that will not harm tender plants or pack the soil. For $18.75 you can have one of our complete Port- able Watering Lines, 50 feet long. It waters 25 fect on each side of it. Equipped with quick, easy work- ing couplings. Pipes galvanized. Nozzles are brass. Nothing to get out of order. Our roo feet line costs i $36.25. Prices on other lengths proportionate. i Write for catalogue. Also ask.us about our new Automatic Oscillator; a little device that makes it possible for you to turn on your water and forget it, knowing that it will be shut off automatically when your garden has been satisfactorily watered. The Shinner Irrigation Co. 219 , Water Troy St. Ohio KINNER YSTEM |/ Or IRRIGATION. SII N(NINNNLULUIUULUNULUNLU UH AGreenLawnin Dog-Days Had a Good Start in Spring The first few weeks in spring “‘set the style’ for your: lawn. Rich green grass in mid-summer means that you fed the roots in spring with a fertilizer that the plants could take up quickly and readily. Takoma Odorless Lawn Plant Food makes green healthy grass; is clean, abso- lutely odorless, and easy to handle; costs less than other fer- tilizers, because you use less. IINLULAUCULO UAE “‘The Maintenance of Lawns,’’ gives full instructions for making new lawns and renovating old ones. Send for a copy Odorless Plant Food Co. 1317 New York Avenue Washington, D. C. School of Horticulture for Women AMBLER, PA. Y La Two years’ practical and theoretical course in Horticulture. Next entering class for diploma students January 15, 1918. Fall course of ten weeks for amateurs begins September 11th. Write for particulars. . Early registration advised. “\ Elizabeth Leighton Lee, Director, Box 105 EAT OMIM IANO UOC CIUNIUUITOIIUOIUIUUIUIIUIU NUN MUUUITIUU UUs JaANtarRy, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 207 AGarden of Gladioli DREERS , is Never Monotonous | Day by day new beauties unfold, new shades | G arden ¥ le and tints appear, until you begin to think that - the whole range of colors has been covered. ' > And these experiences will come to everyone O O \ As \ who begins a garden of Gladioli this year. | \e oFook Na Here are ten varieties; the kindsan J} expert might choose, that will start such a garden for you. They will begin a blooming in ely, summer and will - continue until frost will help you Mary Fennell. Deep Golden West. Orange. § wonderfully to lavender. Goliath. Violet. Dawn. Rich pink. Pink Perfection. Pink. reduce the high Eurepa. Snowy white. Princeps. Scarlet and ; cost of living. It Canary Bird: Yellow. white. : Clarice. Pink. Victory. Sulphur yellow. is read by tens : of thousands; professionals as well as amateurs as Vv ty, z “4 : Postpaid = sath ae iE : $1 An Authoritative Guide Gnbver ie ianbrercie, vouimeyiecescrenty. cM | to all garden work, both for Vegetables and Flowers. five bulbs for almost nothing. Ask me.) ? My 1918 ‘‘Glad’”’ Catalogue is free to all readers of this magazine. Write : Foe for it to-day. } It lists all dependable varieties of vegetables, as well as the worthwhile novelties. JELLE Ro OS & A copy free if you mention this magazine MILTON, Tiss db H ENRY A. DREER 14-16 Chestnut St., Phila. HODGSON fde¢8 | B(BSe is the Hodgson way. All Hodgson | elisa are first thoughtfully planned. Then each individual part is carefully made of best lumber—finished, fitted and painted. After which the house is completely erectéd at the Hodgson plant. When you buy—your house is shipped in sec- tions which can be put together by unskilled workmen quickly and you have a house exactly like the one you selected from the Hodgson cat- alog. And at exactly the same price. 256 pages, four full page color plates, and four full page duotone plates, and hundreds of photographic illustrations. T Hodgson Portable Houses include: bungalows, garages, cottages, poultry houses, play houses, dog houses, and many other kinds. Plan Now for Your Spring Vereen Planting OU will find just the helpful information you need in this new If you order now, and pay 25 per cent of the price of your house we will prepare and hold it until wanted. Send for catalog to-day. E. F. HODGSON CO. Room 228, 116 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. 6 East 39th Street, New York City and different magazine for the garden enthusiast. It teaches the planting and growing of vegetables in the home garden. Plain, truthful, understandable advice about vegetable planting and growing is found each month in VEGETABLE LORE A Magazine for the Benefit of the Amateur Gardener What to Plant—How to Plant—What Seeds to Buy it tells about just these things, expertly but in plain words. Vegetable Lore teaches thorough cultivation. The cooking of vegetables is also covered. Vegetable growing is a patriotic duty and necessity. Full value to subscribers guaranteed in excess of claims or money re- funded. Issued once a month—$1.00 per year. Send for Sample Copy. Edited and Published by MAURICE FULD 1457 BROADWAY NEW YORK Advertisers will appreciate your mentioniny The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too Lh, ri 1) |) 208 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JANUARY, ii Garden Roses 1 Hardy Roses, we catalogue this year over one hundred and twenty-five of the best varieties for the American garden. These are shipped to us direct from Hugh Dickson, Ltd., the won- derful Rosarian of Bel- fast, Ireland, whoseAgent we are in America. This year the supply is limited and in order to guarantee satisfaction and delivery, we ask our cus- tomers to let us know in good season what they want. Standard Varieties: 60c per plant; $6.00 per dozen, f.o.b. Madison. All Freight and Cus- toms Duties Paid. Hugh Dickson’s Novelties for 1918 and thebest of the world’s Novelties from other raisers, all fully described in our 1918 catalogue. If not a customer send us your name and address for our mailing list. Charles H. Totty Company MADISON NEW JERSEY i (Concluded from page 206) Growing Crops KEEP the lettuce beds going to have succession crops all winter. Give air to the frames every day by lifting them slightly, also water the lettuce only in the mornings. Seed for new crops could be easily sowed in a box in a sunny window to be transplanted later in the cold-frames or as spring advances in the open ground. When the plants are young they should be sprayed thoroughly with bordeaux mixture with arsenate of lead as a preventive against wilt and insects. The conservatory and the greenhouse have their enemies in the way of insects and fungous growth. Keep the plants healthy by giving them plenty of air, even on the coldest days just so the air does not blow directly on them. Water them thoroughly and avoid a light sprinkling for in this way the roots of the plants do not get wet and they will sicken and die. Mending the Tools URING the inclement weather. all tools should be thoroughly overhauled and put in good condition so as to be ready for the early spring rush. Individual, small cold frames can be made now. See directions in GarpeN Macazine, January, 1916. They come in well in the early spring to put over plants that have been set out in the open ground and which should be protected at night from the cold and with a glass cover or even cheese cloth they will be much sooner brought to maturity, and thus earlier vege- tables will be secured. Begin now to keep a garden calendar or diary. VIRGINIA + COMING EVENTS + CLUB &S@IE TY NEWO Meetings and Lectures in Tre J. M. Patrerson. (Following dates are meetings unless otherwise specified) Garden Club of Pleasantville, N. Y. Marshfield, Mass., Garden Club. Pasadena, Cal., Horticultural Society. Lake Geneva, Wisc., Gardeners’ & Foremen’s Association. Garden Club of Larchmont, N. Y. Meeting and Lecture. Maryland Garden Clubs of America, Maryland Council of Defence, Women’s Section, Arundell Club Hall, Baltimore, Md. Lecture: Selection of Varieties for Garden Use. New Bedford, Mass., Horticultural Society. 9. Valdosta, Ga., Floral Club. Lenox, Mass., Horticultural Society. Nassau Co. Horticultural Society, Glen Cove, L. I. 11. Westchester, N. Y., and Fairfield, Conn., Horti- cultural Society. Connecticut Horticultural Society, Hartford, Conn. 12. Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., Horticultural Society. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Horticultural Hall, Boston. Inaugural Meeting Exhibition. 14. New York Florists’ Club, New Work City, N. Y. Garden Club of New Rochelle, N. Y. Rochester, N. Y., Florists’ Association. Park Garden Club, Flushing, L. I. 15. Gardeners’ & Florists’ Club of Boston, Mass. 16. Rhode, Island Horticultural Society, Prov., R. I. Tarrytown, N. Y., Horticultural Society. 17. Salisbury, Conn., Garden Club, SEBioce: Kitchen Herb Garden. Marshfield, Mass., Garden Club. 18. Dahlia Society of ‘California, San Francisco, Cal. Pasadena, Cal., Horticultural Society. 19. Lake Geneva, Wisc., Gardeners’ & Foremen’s Association. 22. Maryland Garden Clubs of America, Maryland Council of Defence, Women’s Section, Arundell Club Hall, Baltimore, Md. Lecture; Propagation of Early Garden Vegetables. 23. Short Hills, N. J., Garden Club. Public Lecture. 25. Connecticut Horticultural Society, Hartford, Conn. 26. Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., Horeicultural Society. 28. Park Garden Club, Flushing, ee 30-31. Massachusetts Horticultural Sete in conjunction with the Annual Meeting of the American Car- nation Society, Horticultural Hall, Carnation Exhibition. ; oN OP We . ° siemienie Boston. 1918 _ American Nursery Co’s New Year’s Message To provide the best ornamentals which ideal soils, climate, and human skill of a high degree can produce, is the mission of our organization. Whether your plans call for a few rare plants only or the entire plant- ing of an estate we stand prepared to supply your wants. This is a Year for Deliberate Planning Guesswork in gardening will be replaced by definite ideas, to assume tangible shape only after mature deliberation. Permanent gardens will receive more attention than ever before. While you plan yours, we invite you to consider our 800 Acres — 127 Years of Faithful Service Our nurseries, two of the largest and most complete in the country, put their resources and experiences at your disposal. For 127 years, the Bloodgood Nurseries of Long Island have served a most critical clientele. For many years the F. & F. Nurseries of New Jersey have worked along similar lines with gratifying results. The American Nursery Company, as the combination of these two well-known Jeaders in the nursery world, solicits your favorable consideration. Treatise on Evergreens and Catalogue FREE It is none too early to write for both. The more chances you give us to aid you in your selection, the easier it will be for us to meet your requirements. It is our business to serve planters with the Best that money can buy in Nursery Stock for permanent results and lifetime pleasure. May we serve you? AMERICAN NURSERY CO. Incorporated Singer Building New York Farv’s —1s a book of 112 pages, 30 of which Ha Hay arefull page wlus- Plan ig beatin (13. in natural olor). It is eae a , , eitice on the hardy Specialties: garden, containing in- formation on upward of 500 varieties of Peonies (the most complete collection in existence), Lemoine’s new and rare Deutzias, Philadelphus and Lilacs, and the Irises (both Japanese and German) of which I have all the newer introductions as well as the old-time favorites. Garden lovers who do not have the Sixth Edition may secure a complimentary copy if they send me their name and address. Bertrand H. Farr Wyomissing Nurseries Co. 104 Garfield Avenue, Wyomissing, Pa. Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too JANUARY, 1918 s THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 209 1 Efficiency Gardening Is largely a matter of correct tools for different purposes. After the garden is made, results depend mostly on cultivation. It kills weeds, aérates the soil and conserves moisture. All this is done in the easiest manner with the PERFECTION GARDEN CULTIVATOR The lightest cultivator on the market, hence easy to operate. A perfect machine to do the job of cultivating completely; it cuts the weeds, pulverizes the soil, throws the soil to or from the rows. Leaf-lifters prevent injury to plants. A simple change of bolts automatically adapts the machine to shallow or deep cultivation, deep for use on loam or shallow cultivation on heavy clay. Of simplest construction and strongest workmanship. Any of 3 Sizes $3.50 each No. 1, withtwo discs, on which 6 inch or 7 inch knives may be used, will work rows, 9 to 11 inches wide. No. 2, with four discs, for use with 73, 8} and 83 inch knives, will do the work between 11 to 14 inch wide rows. The best size for general work. No. 3, with four discs, and 10 or 11 inch knives, works 13 to 16 inches wide. Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. Order to-day—don’t fight weeds the old-fashioned way. Descriptive circular free, as is also our catalogue of seeds for present planting. Leonard Seed Co., 226-30 W. Kinzie Street, Chicago, Illinois is the name I give to my choice Gladioli. Peace, the grandest white variety; War, a deep blood red sort, and Prosperity, with its wonderful markings of light rose, madder lake and chamois yellow, with long, slender anthers ot purple violet, all have their devotees, for the long upright spikes of large blooms are a de- lightful sight nearly -all summer. Blooms All Summer Through In a short time after the bulbs from Meadowvale Farms are planted the stiff, upright spikes will be loaded with lovely flowers of white, red, blue in dozens of tints and shades. ‘The Glory of the Garden” it really is. My handsome brochure will tell you more about the Gladiolus; your name and address will ._ bring you a copy FREE. ARTHUR COWEE, Gladiolus Specialist Box 216 Berlin, N. Y. Free Catalogue Write at once for this big book of field, garden and flower seeds. } The best cata- logueyet. Also Pink List giv- ing quantity prices of all field seeds. dener should have this book, but it is of greatest value to the person having : a small garden ™ and wishing to utilize every available foot of space to greatest advantage Two Bocks FREE Barteldes ‘‘ New Barteldes Seed Catalogue ’’ ‘‘Garden Guide’”’ Send Coupon or Post Card To-day ‘THE secret of successful gardening is in the quality of the seeds, combined with the knowledge of how to prepare the soil, how to plant the seed and how to care for the crop. Barteldes Seeds are selected, tested and backed by over 50 years’ experience. Big pack- ets, plump healthy seeds, lowest prices. d The Barteldes ‘Garden Guide’”’ tells you ‘“‘How to prepare the soil,’”’ ““How much seed you need for a family of four,’’ ‘‘How to plan your garden for succession crops,’”’ ‘‘How to get vegetables early,’’ “‘How to store vegetables for winter use’’ and many other things of value. This Catalogue and ‘‘Garden Guide’’ are both free. Send at once THE BARTELDES SEED co 310 Massachusetts St., Lawrence, Kans. * 310 Sixteenth St., Denver, Colorado (Over a Half Century of Honest Service) 310 Main Street, Oklahama City, Okla. Write to the House Nearest You and At a slight initial cost, with a minimum of atten- tion, and with practically no running expenses, your home-plot can easily supply you with delicious, perfect fruit in season. Pears, Peaches, Quinces, Apples, Grapes, Berries, in fact, all KELLY BROS. fruits will thrive and bear rapidly and bountifully. The strongest kind of a guarantee is your protection against inferior stock. Our nursery, established in 1880, is famous for hardy fruit trees, as well as choice collections of ornamentals. Our prices per- mit a considerable money-saving. Send for Free 1918 Catalogue Kelly Bros. Wholesale Nurseries 40 Main Street, Dansville, N. Y. Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 10 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JANUARY, ,t 918 Make your Flower Garden “do its bit” LOWER gardens in these war times must meet the needs of the Nation’s soul as well as of its body. Never was the Country in greater need of flowers and trees and fgrowing plants to delight the sight and lift the thoughts and cheer the heart. Plan and plant with a flower lover’s instinct. ro WAGNER 9 LANDSCAPE SERVICE Wagner’s Flower Catalogue Bian Wena ezecutesiarie The annual number is now ready with valuable suggestions to guide you in landscape work for private the selection, planting and care of roses, hardy flowers, shrubs, evergreens and homes, estates, clubs, etc., trees for every decorative purpose. This book will be mailed to you without cost and for public institutions, or obligation, bringing with it the assurance of success with things that will make schools, hospitals, ° and your surroundings a place of delight. Write today for Catalogue 76. manufacturing plants. Correspondence direct WAGNER PARK NURSERIES Box 946 Sidney, Ohio with our Landscape De- partment is invited. — —— ae = - E - Underground Garbage Receiver ALIS mass. Teac Installed at your home—means less sickness in Winter. Act NOW-—for your protection and stop the constant renewal expense of the frozen garbage pail. Before buying send for our catalogue. It will pay you. 12 years on the market Look for our Trade Marks Sold direct factory Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Manufacturer, 40 Farrar Street, Lynn, Massachusetts LYNN Pt 655 Stewart Block Cincinnati, Ohio ik "THE finest pansy strain in the world. Sep- dest “ arate colors. A marvelous number of new 4 Bes shades and varieties and of great size—up to 3 in. in diameter. Seed is not plentiful. SE WORD: : Price, pkt. 15¢. Ls Glorious Delphiniums au sh Gold Medal Hybrids and Belladonna Seeds The finest strain of hybrids ever offered. We grow Del? phiniums by the thousands. Price, pki. 15c. (& Send for list. Order your Seeds NOW. THE PUDOR FARMS, Puyallup, Wash. PLANT, SEED, AND BULB GROWERS Symi ULNA LLL NLU ULUL oa Fi Pure-Bred Day-Old Chicks Buy from the world’s largest producers. The Pitts- field strain is nationally known for vigor and heavy laying in Barred Rocks, White Rocks, White Leg- horns, Rhode Island Reds and White Wyandottes. Prices based upon immediate acceptance. If prices drop we will give you the advantage. Great chick shortage, yet the Government says raise and eat more poultry. Order early. Safe Delivery Guaranteed. Write for prices and esOH Send 2c stamp for ‘‘Feeding and Care of icks.’ PITTSFIELD POULTRY FARMS 282 Main Street Holliston, Mass. Residence of C. D. MacDougall, Esq., Auburn, N. Y. IRON FENCE AND: ENTRANCE GATES OF ALL DESIGNS AND FOR ALL PURPOSES, WE INVITE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THOSE WHO ARE INTERESTED- The Stewart Iron Works Co., Inc. “‘The World’s Greatest Iron Fence Builders’”’ EaWRITE’ FOR BOOK OF DESIGNS & Farquhar’sPot Grown Strawberry Plants Plant early for full crop next year. Write for copy of our Summer Cata- logue containing full list of varieties. R. &. J. Farquhar & Co. 9S. Market St. Boston, Mass. Relief From Rupture The Brooks Rupture Appliance has given relief in thousands of cases where other means have failed. Permits parti- cipation in activities otherwise prohibited. Automatic air cushion provides firm. yet gentle pressure. It retains the protrusion at all times. Always covers the ruptured spot. Clings closely, never slips. A New Invention Brooks Rupture Appliance is nof a truss.’ No dangerous springs—no hard rubber pads. Made to measure. Sent on trial. Durable, cheap. Write for measurement blanks. BROOKS APPLIANCE CO. 275A State Street, Marshall, Mich. VVALLACE’ S latest com- plete Illustrated Iris Booklet. Now ready for distribution. This limited edition will be mailed gratis upon request. JOHN SCHEEPERS Inc. Flowerbulb Specialists 2 Stone St., New York City LET’S END THE WAR! of insects and worms in our garden—‘Over there somewhere” place your “relief canteen” for the birds. Suet and grain for these efficient soldiers early and late at their posts! Let the first scout ‘‘over the top” see your weather cock feeding shelf and he and all his kin enlist for good to save your trees and crops for the World Democracy to enjoy. Evans Bros., 230 Main St., Evanston, Ill. Homes, shelters and food. FEAR OF COLOR Send $1.00 for our booklet ‘‘Fear of Color, Fear of Plants, Fear of Plants | as Weeds.’’ Will revolutionize the growing of vegetables, increase pro- duction, impel much greater consumption of vegetables. Sow seeds and plant sets in wide rows, wide beds, No hand weeding, no hand thinning, earlier maturity, better quality, 2 to 4 fold greater yield, less than half the usual labor. Onions, carrots, beets, etc., 1,500 to 2,009 bus. per acre. With special tools, triturate your garden soil before and after planting, enabling the soil to absorb from the air and yield to the plants ten fold more nitrates. The tools, $1.00, $1.25, $1.50 each. The set, $3.50. Cuts showing tools free. By our new methods of training and pruning, the to- mato plant is compelled to adapt itself to a short season, mature and ripen its fruits 4 to 5 weeks earlier from usual time of planting. Only 6% per cent of all foods consumed in the average American home are succulent roots, tubers and bulbs—the green vegetables. Above 85 per cent of the food consumed in the average American home are CON- CENTRATED and CONSTIPATING FOODS. The most constipating foods are most largely used and most highly recommended by physicians and dieticians. Our booklet gives list and per cent used of these foods and tells why they are constipating. The very best medicine is preven- tion. Send for this booklet to-day. Money back if not convinced. Berried Shrubs Attract Birds Seedling berried trees and shrubs 5 to25c each. Seeds 35¢ per large pkt., 4 pkts. $1.00. List of seedlings and seeds free. Booklet ‘‘Art in Landscape Gardening’ 50c coin or stamps. A.H.&N. M. Lake, Nurserymen, Box 107, Marshfield, Wis. The Readers’ Service will give you suggestions for the care and purchase of cats and dogs and other pets JANUARY, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 211 Send to-day for booklet of Special Offers Contains just the groups you need to beautify your place EREIWN are expert selections of the best groups for Home Use Fruit Collections, Appetizing Small Fruits, Shrubs for Foundation Planting, Rare Evergreens, Flower Boundaries, Shade Trees, etc. Intimate gardening advice and many sketches of plans for planting make this a most helpful booklet. HICKS Nurseries Box M Westbury, Long Island Phone 68 Hicks Big Trees ' Save 10 years ae LUTTON GREENHOUSES Give 100% Based on our experience as the oldest mail “<$ order seed concern and largest growers of Asters and other seeds in America. 500 acres and 12 green- ”/ houses in best seed growing section. Our Guide is full of helpful information about planting, etc.— an invaluable aid to a successful garden. Illustrates and describes leading Vegetables, Flowers, Farm Seeds, Plants, and Fruits. With our Guide, the best we have issued, we will gladly include interest- ing booklet, “A Liberty Garden.” Both are absolutely free. Send for your coptes to-day, before you forget. JAMES VICK’S SONS 62 Stone Street, Rochester, N. Y. The Flower City y Verona Bird Houses Give your bird friends a log house. A shelter in winter and a home in summer. The best bird house made. Price $1.50. Three for $4.20 f. 0. b. Verona. Mail weight five pounds. Send for illustrated list. W. H. BAYLES, Verona, New Jersey STANDS HOT AND COLD WATER JANUARY, 1918 PERGOLAS and Garden Accessories For Beautifying Home Grounds When writing for cata- logue enclose 10c and ask for Pergola Cat. “H-30.” Hartmann-Sanders Co. Elston and Webster Avenues Chicago, Ill. New York Office: 6 E, 39th St. THE GARDEN Ecce Rose Arches and Garden Fences greatly help to put the garden on an efficient basis. ade of extra heavy, rust-proof wire, Brook’s trellises and arches render lasting service, hence their use stands for true economy. All sizes and shapes made to order to serve your special needs. Tell us what you want and we will make special quotations. J//us- trated Circular Free. BROOK TRELLIS COMPANY Maker and Builder of Fences. Tennis Courts, Dog and Chicken runs, Tennis Net Posts, Tree Guards,etc.,etc. 37 Barclay Street, New York Garden as you would cut the lawn Push this ma- chine along the rows—Kills the weeds and mulches the soil, in one oper- BARKER ation. Weeder, Mulcher and Cultivator ™ree¢iee's Cuts the weeds under-ground and breaks the hardest crust into a por- ous, moisture-retaining mulch—zztenszve cultivation. Works close up to plants. Cutsrunners. ‘‘Best Weed Killer Ever Used.’ A to- year-old child can operate it: Does faster and better work than ten men with hoes. Has easily attached shovels for deeper cultivation. Inexpensive. Makes gardening profitable and a pleasure. Send to-day for Free Illustrated Catalogue and Factory-to-User Offer. BARKER MFG. CO. Dept. 11, David City, Neb. DiSSEEROSES THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., Box 137, West Grove, Pa. | MAGAZINE 213 Get Quality Fruit Quickly Wie people think trees bear fruit when they reach a certain AGE. That isn’t so. They bear fruit when they reach a certain stage of development. Stark City trees reach that stage earlier than average stock, because both roots and tops are trained for quick develop- ment. Stark City propagation methods, aided by a rare combination of soil and climate, produce extra heavy, vigorous rooted trees that establish themselves quickly and grow steadily. Stark City tops are specially trained from the seed- ling stage, so that you lose no time in re-shaping them after planting. Read what growers say: “The trees I bought of you made as much pro- gress in one year as trees which came from another nursery made in 3 years.” Henning Chambers, Kentucky. “Your trees started right off and are much larger than some I had out three years.” W. W. Wood- ruff, Penna. “We were delighted with the peaches we gath- ered from our trees, planted only 16 months ago.” Jos. Bachman, Ark. Stark City Trees are Guaranteed —to reach you in prime condition, to be true to name; and to live and make good growth. We sell direct from nursery—no agents or other middlemen. This is the only way you could be sure of getting Stark City stock. Don’t put off planting; you'll surely regret it later if you do. Bea mail this coupon to-day INGEE ROSES Pot-grown rose bushes, on own roots, for every one anyw, where, Plant any time. OJd favorites and = new and rare sorts. the cream of the world’s productions. “Dingee Roses’? known as the best for 67 years. Safe delivery guaranteed any- where in U.S. Write for a copy of , Our “(New Guide to Rose Culture” for 1918. It’s FREE. Illustrates wonderful ‘‘Dingee Roses” fn natural colors. It’s more than a cat alog—it's the lifetime experience of the Oldest and Leading Rose Growers in America. A practical work on rose and flower culture for the amateur. Describes over rooo varieties of roses and other flow- ers and tells how to grow them. Edition limited. Established 1850 70 Greenhouses FREE 1918 BOOK of Fruits and Ornamentals for Home Planting All the best varieties of fruits, ornamental shrubs, roses, shade trees, etc., are described, illustrated and priced in this complete catalogue. Whatever you want for your home grounds, Stark City Quality stock will give you the best results. Get These Books, Too! ‘Inside Facts on Profitable Fruit Growing”’ ‘‘How to Beautify Your Home Grounds”’ Both written by experts on these subjects. They sell for roc each, but are sent free with orders. SEE SSS SSeS eS SSS Bs To Wm. P. Stark Nurseries, Box 31, Stark City, Mo. Please send me books as checked. I am interested in planting | 1918 Catalogue, Free...... [] ities. [] Inside Facts (10c enclosed) [] “, 1 ,q,. E iS (0) tal Shrubs....... How to Beautify Your Home tats oo ] | Grounds. .(10c enclosed) [ } ROSES . 20.25 eee eee een [] iy b) a INCL RGSS ROB RODAR TOC OUCOOD DUT CUG GOBCH AACOBOEU GS OETICE DEG a VAI AT ESS atta especie tens tote einer st eS cTetaTs eho See eesti Lata ate ig ate (Give County and Street or R. F. D. Number) | . ‘end for our illustrated ~ catalogue of Flower Pots. Boxes. Vases, Benches, Sundials. Gazing Globes, Bird Fonts and otherArtistic Pieces for Garden and Interior Decoration. e > Camoway Terra Tra ©. 3214 WALNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA. The Readers’ Service will give you suggestions for the care and purchase of cats and dogs and other pets 14 : THE GARDEN MAGAZINE JANUARY, 1918. A Most Unique Dahlia Novelty-- G. H. James Ox in a great while it is the hybridizer’s good fortune to evolve a seedling that stands head and shoulders above all the rest in its class. This I can truthfully claim for G. H. James, a magnificent Peony- flowered sort with many superb characteristics. Its size is immense. Color, light creamy, with very waxy appearance. _ Reverse side of petals clouded cerise. The broad, flat petals taper abruptly to sharp points. $3.00 Each ‘“‘Dahlias of Distinction”’ is the title of my new catalogue for 1918 which will gladly be mailed free on request. As comprehensive a treat- ise on the subject as any- one may want. Contains SS = SS 1 Guaranteed Bulbs Tested Do not buy inferior seeds for your garden, when every bit of production counts vitally. To make sure your seed will give the utmost in results, plant Carters Tested Seeds. James Carter & Co., London, England, were among the first if not the first seedsmen to select and test seed with painstaking care. Generations of careful testing have improved old varieties and, pro- duced many new strains. _Carters Tested Seeds have made wonderful records since their introduction in America. A trial in your garden will convince you of their excellence. Sent free on request—Carters 1918 Catalogue ‘‘Garden and Lawn.”’ Profusely illustrated with color pages. complete culture direc- tions, explains classifica- tion of Dahlias and offers over 175 superb new Dahlias of my own origin. They are recommended for your gardens and the recommendation is based on my years of experience growing Dahlias_ exclu- sively. Write for this use- il ful catalogue to-day. CARTERS TESTED SEEDS Ince. 104 Chamber of Commerce Bldg., Boston, Mass. Branch of Jas. Carter & Co., Raynes Park, England GEORGE L. STILLMAN Dahlia Specialist Box C-8, Westerly, R. I. Beautify Furniture Protect Floor and Floor Coverings from injury by using Glass Onward Sliding “OSES of NEW CASTLE ||[SUNDIALS eC —the most reliable and beautiful book on ‘ : ) Real Bronze Colonial Designs roses ever published. Superbly printed in From $3.50 Up all At eae RA, colors. Contains expert advice to home | | Sye2ueeihergucn mminees main Fig oe TER renee ce et ri planters on how to grow roses and other Sper EEO ical Cire) your dealer wi supply y' lant It’s FREE. Tells all about famous 5 A | ; muriteris’ plants. 5 . Tells all about our The M. D. JONES CO. 72 Portland St. Boston, Mass. Send for tllustrated Price-List ONWARD MFG. CO. stock. Wnite to-day. MENASHA, WIS. DEPT. T | | The New Edition of “Choice and Rare Hardy Plants”’ will be ready for mailing on February Ist. In addition to the many extraordinary kinds offered in the last issue, it will de- scribe quite a number of unusual hardy plants not obtainable elsewhere in this country. Every plant we sell is guaranteed true-to-name. Learn all about the best hardy plants which ideal soil and climate, plus human skill can produce by re- questing your copy of ‘‘Choice and Rare Hardy Plants.” ‘Ang, Greenhouses —All the Year Round Gardens— | a An abundant supply of fresh vegetables all winter, and quantities of cut | ‘ flowers, just begins to suggest the pleasures a KING GREENHOUSE will ‘ bring to you and your friends. No matter how simple or elaborate .a greenhouse you desire, a KING can be designed, which will just meet your requirements. Write for descriptive literature and tell our experts your wants. We will submit plans and estimates without charge or obligations. KING CONSTRUCTION COMPANY Mailed Free on Request Write for it To-day WOLCOTT NURSERIES, Jackson, Mich. “All the Sunlight all Day Houses’? 392 King’s Road, North Tonawanda, N. Y. BRANCH OFFICES: New York, 1476 Broadway; Boston, 113 State dt.; Scranton, 307 Irving Ave.; Philadelphia, Harrison Bldg., 15th and Market Sts. TOWNSEND’S TRIPLEX The Greatest Grass Cutter on Earth —Cuts a Swath 86 Inches Wide Drawn by one horse and operated by one man, the TRIPLEX MOWER will mow more lawn in a day than the best motor mower ever made, cut it better and at a fraction of the cost. Drawn by one horse and operated by one man, it will mow more lawn than any three ordinary horse-drawn mowers with three horses and three men. Send for catalogue illustrating all types of TOWNSEND MOWERS S. P. TOWNSEND & CO. 23 Central Ave. Orange, N. J. The Readers’ Service will give you suggestions for the care and purchase*of cats and dogs and other pets JANUARY, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Chrysanthemums for any purpose have been our exclusive specialty for twenty-six years. We are the originators of most American Novelties of merit. Because we know them so well, we know the possibilities of each kind. We shall gladly assist patrons in the selection of sorts — , for any desired purpose. Why you should have our free Catalogue It is the most complete index, fully illustrated, to all that is worth-while in every class of Chrysanthe- mums. Use it as a “finder” to J find what you want among tc beautiful flowers. Mailed free. Write to-day Elmer D. Smith Company Adrian, Michigan SAN TA ANU * ae Garden Necessities That Repay You Bec plants, vines must have some kind of support and protection in order that they may grow most luxuriously. The best for the purpose, the one that combines beauty in itself as well as proper construction for endurance, is always the cheapest in the end. Trellises and bed guards repay many times over in plants, blossoms and foliage. Euonymus radicans vegeta has been pronounced the best American climber. It grows anywhere, climbs to considerable height, the dark green foliage i is beauti- ful all the year. Red berries borne freely in fall and winter. This climber can be used on walls, verandas, fence or pergola. No. 1 plants, 50 cts. each No. 2 plants, 75 cts. each Extra large plants $1.50 each Send money with order—plants will be shipped in time for planting. Ask for a copy of ny catalogue of Japanese Irises, Peonies, Shrubs and Evergreens. Adolf Muller wcEeris | Norristown,Penna., 10 pkts. FLOWER SEEDS Milled Potwadtes LOc The following collection blooms from early summer to late fall: Aster, Sweet Alyssum, Marigold, Petunia, Pansy, Phlox, Poppy, Salvia, Verbena and Zinnia. Generous packets. Complete Catalogue FREE T will mail 5 packets of Hardy Daisy Seed (five colors) for 15c, or 5 Everblooming Roses (five colors) for 25c—the 3 collections for 40c. Try them. Miss Jessie M. Good Box 515 Springfield, Ohio STM TAT SANNA Tt GEO. S. WOODRUFF Gladiolus Grower INDEPENDENCE IOWA IRST premium for years at lowa State Fair. Prices reasonable. Catalogue on application MM A NUTT sac The Excelsior Rust Proof Trellis on the end of the porch shown here not only supports the vines, but is ornamental as well. the same make—same construction and materials. The bed guards are of These CELSIOR’ MARK RUST PROOF Trellises and Bed Guards are made of heavy, tough, springy steel wires, which are held at every intersection in the viselike grip of the Excelsior Steel Clamp, a patented feature. AFTER making, the whole tabric is galvanized by the Excelsior Process, that not only makes it rust proof, but thor- oughly and completely solders it into one rigid mass. These trellises won’t buckle, droop or sag. Winds and shock have no effect on them. They can be taken down and used over, and will last for years. To insure getting full value for your money, ask your hardware dealer for these products. We also make Excelsior fences, tennis fences, tree guards, gates, and similar garden necessities. We will cheerfully send catalog B on request. WRIGHT WIRE CO. WORCESTER, MASS. Brooder for 50 to 100 chicks OW that the government has urged the keeping of poultry, the thing to do is get started right and quick. Sosend fora Hodgson catalog. Then pick out the houses, coops and brooders you need and order. They will come to you in neatly painted, fitted sections No 3. Poultry House for 60 hens—2 units Selting Coop which can be put together in a jiffy by anyone. Hodgson Poultry Houses are arranged seientifically and made vermin-proof. E. F. HODGSON CO., Room 311, 116 Washington St. Boston, Mass.—6 E. 39th St., New York City HODGSON PORTABLE HOUSES Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too. _ Better Seeds for Your Garden The per cent that will grow is marked on the package Harris Seeds are the kind that make the garden more productive and the vegetables more delicious. Bred as carefully as prize live stock on our own Seed Farms five miles from Rochester, Harris Seeds have for years been used by the largest and most successful market gardeners. _ You can get fine results from this pedigree seed because every lot zs tested and the percentage that will grow ts marked on the label. So you know just how thick to plant. Send for our free catalogue and learn about our new strains of Peas, Beans, Beets, Corn, Cauliflower, Tomatoes, Melons, etc. See why our method of selecting the Seed from the best individual plant enables you to produce better sized and more deli- cious vegetables in greater quantities. Write for the free Catalogue to-day—It shows how to have a truly successful garden and enables you to buy direct from the actual grower at wholesale prices. Introductory Offer—Free To every one sending for our Catalogue we will send_absolutely free one package of our famous Irondequoit Muskmelon Seed—the big Melons in the picture. JOSEPH HARRIS COMPANY Box 51, Coldwater, N. Y. / | ) RHODES DOUBLE CUT } q { PRUNING SHEAR cw ff HE only pruner made that cuts from both sides of the limb and does not bruise the bark. Made in all styles and sizes. All shears de- livered free to your door, Write for circular and prices BES ig oe en : ee eo Build at Wholesale Prices Send to-day for free book—200 plans—‘“Gordon- Van Tine Homes.” Shows bungalows and houses $300 up. All wholesale. Ready-cut or not Ready-cut. Built \ everywhere by our 100,000 customers. Highest quality io s|_- material supplied complete. Prompt delivery anywhere, 2329 Go rden-Van line Write for Book . eas 6305 Case Street Satisfaction Guaranteed or Money Back Davenport, Iowa ’ Guaranteed Costs! maerrateciees Ris Irises, Hardy Plants, Lilies and Japanese Garden Specialties Send for our new 1917-18 Catalogue Over 500 fine varieties of Irises O 1980 Mont 1A Rainbow Gardens SEU BaUIaIice oan Tells how to cut living cost through pro- ductive gardens. Why our Pure, Tested Farm, Garden and Flower Seed grows the biggest crops—the finest flowers. A beautiful1z2 page book in colors: De- : scribes new 1918 varieties vegetables and flowers. Handsomely illustrated: ¢ beautiful home grounds, flower and vegetable gardens, landscaping, shrubbery, orchards, farms. Veritable dictionary on gardening! Flower lover's delight! Berry-groweys’ book! An orchardist’s manual! Plan your 1918 garden from this valuable book, Galloway Bros. & Co.. Dept. 411, Waterloo, Iowa “HOW TO GROW ROSES”—Library Edition; 121 pages—r6 in natural colors. Not a catalogue. Price $1, refunded on $5 order for plants. The Conard & Jones Co., Box 24, West Grove, Pa. A postal gets it MR. ROBERT PYLE—the well-known Garden Lecturer and Rosarian invites correspondence from garden lovers and societies. Subject — “The ,American Rose Garden’’ illustrated with finely colored lantern slides. Address: West Grove, Pa. is SALAD SECRETS. too recipes. Brief but complete. 15c by mail. too Meatless recipes, 15¢. 50 Sandwich recipes, tsc. All three, goc. B.H. Briggs, 456 Fourth Ave., Newark, N. J. SOMETHING NEW UNDER THE SUN Garden hobbyists everywhere will be interested in two new devices de- 5 signed to increase gardening results and joys For Forcing Vegetables, ete., is. a The Propagator is the greatest rigid frame, so braced that glass little ‘thothouse’’ ever invented. cannot be blown out, and is water- Heated by lamp. Great for forcing tight. Price, $1.25 each (without seeds and seedling plants. Write glass). F.O. B. Boston. for price. f Write for descriptive circular of these novelties. supply stores sell them ROBERT F. TOOPE, 27 St. Botolph Street, COLLAPSIBLE FORCING FRAME Toopes PROPAGATOR Most horticultural [SOF Patent applied for Boston, Mass. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 1918 JANUARY, U(T-FOG I Last year thousands’ of dollars were added to fruit profits by Fruit-Fog! No greater success for controlling all pests and fungus diseases which destroy your fruit, has ever been Fruit-Fog is the finest is produced eniected! 4 -known form of spray. It d by the high pressure of ayes Fruit-Fog Sprayers. Being superfine, it stamps out the millions of hidden germs and eggs which no coarse, heavy, low-pressure spray can reach. i OVER 50 STYLES We make over 50 styles of sprayers for all kin of spraying, and a full line of igh-grade al kinds fittings, etc. Write at once for our Spraying : anual, one of the most complete guides ever written,and beautiful 68-page catalog of Hayes Fruit - Fog Sprayers. Both books sent free and post- Paid upon request. eee iN, Dept.S Galva, Ill. DOSUURBQRUDDODORBEQUOGE ~ “OLDS’ : - Seed Book | and packet Flower Seed FREE : OR 30 years I have sold reliable seeds. Thousands of © customers testify to this. My seeds not only grow, , Os - but produce big yields. They must make good or I will. 31st annual catalogue now ready. Write for copy. Lists All Kinds of Farm Garden and Flower Seeds The best arranged, most comprehensive and easiest cat- alogue to order from ever issued. A few specialties are: Certified Seed Potatoes Wisconsin Grown Seed Corn Pedigreed Oats and Barley Wheat, Speltz, Rye, Buckwheat, Northern Clover and Alfalfa Tested Garden and Flower Seeds Send postal to-day. Mention this paper. Will include packet flower seeds. L. L. OLDS SEED COMPANY Drawer D MADISON, WIS. AY Bie must contain a complete ‘Kipling—that is, if you plan to afford your children the heritage of the Anglo-Saxon family. Published by Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. » THE @ ORIGINAL (NVQ CHEMICALY 30,000 Sold Indoor Closet “re: More Comfortable, Healthful, Convenient Eliminates the out-house, open vault and cesspool, which are breeding places for germs. Havea warm, sanitary, odorless toilet right in your house. No going out in cold weather. A boon to invalids. Endorsed by State Boards of Health: ABSOLUTELY ODORLESS Put It Anywhere in the House The germs are killed by a chemical process in water in the container. Empty oncea month. No more trouble to empty than ashes. Closet absolutely guaranteed. Guarantee on file in the office of this publication. Ask for catalogue and price. ROWE SANITARY MFG. CO., 5301 6th Street, Detroit, Mich. Ask about the Ro-San Washstand—Hot and Cold Running Water Without Plumbing —- CT 4 If a problem grows in your garden write to the Readers’ Service for assistance but also of “‘better gardens.” fullest results unless you have started right. for our special offer below: is the title of our Annual Catalogue. following six great specialties: In order to obtain the largest possible distribution for our annual catalogue ‘‘Everything for the Garden,’’ we make the following unusual offer: Mail us 10¢ and we will send you the catalogue and our booklet, “Better Gardens,” together with this remarkable ‘‘Henderson’s Specialty Collection,’ enclosed in a coupon envelope which, when emptied and returned, will be accepted as 25c cash payment on any order amounting to one dollar or over. PETER HENDERSON & CO. 35-37 Cortlandt Street New York City HE home garden is to-day of vital importance to the nation. obvious economy, it is a tremendous factor in food conservation, and from month to month the need becomes more urgent, not only of “more gardens” Apart from the Make your garden a better garden this year by intelligent use of the space you have—not only by better methods but by planting seeds of known quality. ‘The initial cost of the seeds is one of the smallest items in your garden, but‘it is the most important, and you cannot get the Henderson’s seeds are tested seeds. Many of the methods of seed testing in use to-day originated with the founder of our firm, and these have been improved from year to year. Our seventy-one years of success in our business of seed raising, testing and selling has given an unequaled experience that is back of every packet of seed we sell. Not only must your seeds be the best but your methods should be right. And to help in this we have prepared a booklet entitled “‘Better Gardens.”’ ‘This consists of extracts from the book, ““Garden Guide and Record,” which we have published for a number of years for the use of our customers only—“‘Better Gardens” will be sent to all who send us ten cents ‘¢ Everything for the Garden’’ It is really a book of 192 pages, handsomely bound, with a beautifully embossed cover, 16 color plates and 1000 half-tones, direct from photographs, showing actual results without exaggeration. It is a library of everything worth while, either in farm, garden or home, A Remarkable Offer of Henderson’s Seed Specialties To demonstrate the superiority of Henderson’s Tested Seeds, we have made up a Henderson Collection, consisting of one packet each of the Ponderosa Tomato White Tipped Scarlet Radish Henderson’s Brilliant Mixture Poppies Big Boston Lettuce Henderson’s Invincible Asters Spencer Mammoth Waved Sweet Peas Ewin ca CES Le ce ae ! | | | | | | | Peter Henderson & Co., 35-37 Cortlandt St., New York City I enclose herewith 10c, for which send catalogue and ‘‘Hen- derson’s Specialty Collection,’’ with complete cultural direc- tions, including the booklet, ‘‘Better Gardens,’’ as advertised in Garden Magazine. aati ~ The world’s catalog of oo eS : VICTOR RED SEAL RECORDS VICTOR RED SEAL RECORDS CALVE, EMMA, Soprano Kah/iuch CARUSO, ENRICO, Tenor -(Kah-roo'-coh Emma Calvé, half French, half Spanish. is d=scended Tom a o6aspeiqus and cultured family, She was born in || The premature death of her father was |; and the young girl knew that she must erious réle than that of a sociely long before the dark-eyed beauty with Rosina Laborde, and afterward get. Asa pupil the young girl en- |) ie first to her teachers, and made rapid || et debut was made at Nice, her hrst as at the Thédlre de la Monnaie, Maguerite in Faust. Her P. PD atthe Opéra Comique, in Chevalier |) al triumphs came in Italy, where she when she reappeared in Paris as ins made her their idol. Caruso's success is the greatest ever attaine iH athat in this country. His Ree eee eyes heen a continuous ovation, the:great audiences being held spellbound by the exquisite refinement, beauty and cower al his voice, ee Caruso is a native of Naples and was horn in 1873. When he was a mete boy he sang in the churches of Naples, and the beauty of his voice arrested the attention |, of all who heard it, His father did not encourage the boy | at first, but a few years later was persuaded to allow him to take a few lessons in singing. The family was very poor however, and Caruso was forced to work as a mechanic. |; This work not being very profitable, he began to seriously consider whether he could not make more oy singing than he could earn by hard work with his hands. : He was eighteen years old when he met a distin- Americans first heard her at the Metropolitan Opera guished baritone singer, who, after hearing his voice, decided that he would give Caruso there she made her début in 1894, and her fame spread rapidly. , , substantial assistance. He therefore took him to Maestro Vergine. who was captivated remarkable gifts as an actress, her beauty and magnetic personality, ‘ hike : 3 : : S 6 by the beauty and purity of his voice, and began to give him vocal instructions lure at once alluring and fascinating. The singer's further triumphs #0 made his début in 1894 in N re 4. 8 t fissarasoirs ilvand alihough she spendsimost of hee Time: ini Europe, bei sagiha Vai Varabe LSS eo eal ie Cae eA L. ceaco, afterward singing in various Italian cities and in Cairo. A South American en- gegement followed, and on his return, after a season in Milan. it was clear that here was one of the most promising young tenors ever heard in Maly. Caruso had made a success” in various countries of Europe before coming to America in 1903, but it was his per- No. Sue formance of the Duke at the Metropolitan on November 23d of that year which con- taken Bird) In French Bizet 88985 12 $3, Yinced opera-goers that the greatest of all tenors had arrived. peal raelealdes\sistice) aay eee Co aa uso has made records exclusively for the Victor since 1903. and as the present 2 Mascagni 88086 contract with the tenor does not expire until 1933, the public is assured perfect repro- ductions of his voice for many years to come. thon jHeisKind) Jn French Massenet 88130 THE CARUSO RECORDS (Sung in Italion unless otherwise noted) No, -Sire 3 3 3 Foster 88089 3 Flate obbligoto. David 88087 3 igoto In Frenc! uno ue a in French Gounod 88119 ) tagne (Away t i « my io oncer|Montsio ia Bist B20) * Alrican (© Paradiso (Oh, Parsdise!) Meverbeer 86058 12 $3 0M) 47 A 6 gnus Der ~ {Lamb of God) In Latin ize, 2! 00 etn Aseria ar = Aida-Celeate Aida (Heavenly Aida) H { Amor Mio (My Love) (Vocal Waltz) Gaetn-Ricciardi 87176 10 st. who has lor many years |! Andree Chenier -Un di all’ azzurro spano Umberto Giordano 88060 12 Paris Opéra Comique, was Because In French Teachemacher-d'Hardelot 87122 10 B ined { erie Bohéme—lo non ho che una povera stanzelta Leoncavallo 88335 12 ined for a civil engineer, and Bohéme —Racconto di Rodollo (Rudolph’s Narrative) Puccini 88002: 12 ic; but his love for music Boheme . esta adorata (Adored One!) pe sencavalle Baa 2 34M) 5 7 | anta pe’ me (Neapolitan Song) vio-de Curtis 2 | pact ailechahetel heen Carmen —Air dela leur (Flower Song! _In French Bizet BB208 12 3.00 of his class. He was soon F Carmen—ll for che aveviame (Flower Sone). Bizet 88209 12 3.000 Dpéra *Comique, where he || 3 Cai fin Rusticana Addioalle madre (Turiddu's Farewell) Mascogni 88494 12 3.00 piehtiove . ria Rusticana Brindisi (Drinking Song) Moscagni 81062 Ene es Metro. ‘ Cavalleria Rusticana ~ Siciliana (Thy Lips Like Bernes) Mascagni 81030 10 pis stay in America has Cavalleria Rusticana Siciliana (Harp accompaniment! Mascagni 87072 10 a H S Gislo, Turchino, (Neapolitan Sens) G. Copalde-M S,Ciociano 87218 10 1 ‘ore “ngrato (Neapolitan Song ordiferro-Cardillo 88 See ep ates Ie ji Don Pasquale—Serenntn- Come gentil, (Soft Beamathe Lixht) Donivetti B58 12 + gracelul style and i | Don Sebastian —In terra solo (On Earth Alone) jonizenti BRING 12 ‘ction, Dreams of Lone Ago /n English Carroll-Caruse BB376 12 Ss French Duca D’Alba-—Angelo caito.e bel ‘Beauteous Angel! Donizetti BH516 12 jung in Frene [SSSRRAICUEN ir d'amore- Una furtiva lagima (A Furtive Tear) Donivewi 81027 10 Planoforte by Lo Forges Peaastd 64223 10. $ Elisir d'amore —Una furtive lagrima (A Furtive Tear) Actll Donizetti 88339 12 te by La Forges Bemard 64226 10 Eternamente (For All Eternity), Mazzoni-Mascheroni 88333 12 Godard 64233. 10 F Salut demeure (All Hail, Thou Dwelling!) In French Gounod BAN03 12 anoforte acc. by La Forge) Massenet 74258 Spirto gentil, (Spint So Fair) ¥ Donizenn BANS 12 In Vay, Bel Fasreng43iaiat Pe eae fa ee pRnE Sor necraaene Renee 70700810 Fe! ln Vain. icloved) or You aS Newe'Pianofort'sty Bembtle 74264 Fores eh ee Beet ein nen agl’ angeli (Thou Heavenly One? BA207s 12 pon. Act lil pert Ee Germania—Non chiuder gliocchivaght (Those Dreamy Fyex) Eranchetti 87054 10 200 Tecdeal CLES ermania Studenti, udite (Students, arise!) Franchen 87053 10 Zu (Continued on next page) | A book that every 1 music-lover will want | “ It has required 20 years of constant research, of steady applica- tion, of tireless effort and the expenditure of more than Eleven Million Dollars to place this Victor Record catalog in your hands. | This great book of 542 pages is the recognized authoritative index to the world’s best music; to the greatest musical achievements of all time. Its pages are living tributes to the years of unceasing vigil spent in gathering the best music from every portion of the globe. They reflect the hours upon hours which the greatest artists have devoted to re- cording their superb art for the delight of all generations. They attest to the enormous amount of time and millions of dollars spent in developing the art of recording to its present state of perfection. And through each and every page runs the story and proof of Victor supremacy. Every music-lover will want a copy of this great Victor catalog of music. Everybody should have this book, whether or not All will appreciate 1t because of the information about artists, operas and composers, and the numerous portraits f ron in her Victor records. V\recorded exclusively for the Victor the list of records cata- 338583 38 ABSSa Gea g02:a532:40241 they have a Victrola. and illustrations it contains. : : j Ff : Saas : Any Victor dealer will gladly give you a copy of this great catalog of music, or we will mail you a copy free, postage paid. Victor Talking Machine Co., Camden, N. J.; U.S. A. Berliner Gramophone Co., Montreal, Canadian Distributors Important Notice. Victor Records and Victor Machines are scientifically coordinated and synchronized by our special pro- cesses of manufacture, and their use, one with the other, is absolutely essential to a perfect Victor reproduction. New Victor Records demonstrated at all dealers on the ist of each month Victor Supremacy “‘Victrola”’ is the Registered Trade-mark of the Victor Talking Machine Company designating the products of this Company only. Warning: The use of the word Victrola upon or in the pro- motion or sale of any other Talking Machine or Phonograph products is misleading and illegal. look for the famous trade s on all genuine products o Machine Company. ———————— A A A A LA TA A A A RARER DAD A AA wwwvuvvJT7eF LA A A A AA wee’ wwe THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, NEW YORE | RIES im au RA i | | | i N 8 lt aN PEE LCE: tat) igi cea sit ie herere| sai} Wiehe $e int Tt a Hithin stabs EH ae i iit i i ita ai ; rere ‘ 154) yealtt eats Bhititie : i ait Deo te t ertritee : a 2 Hitt : attiih : ati if Beast i pitt } ts : patie i i aH F ao: ots i ca il i} : : Ht i : : atte ala ie ; a iseeteh Bi apse rerit Hy ate . a it f bites ; : : 2 ay ; ; ie | : aise tttE nee pipet ibs te teoteeenteateet Tees