ui Ninian prebprarieptics f 8 so. a or St bistisstah eat : 2 at zi crite) a } ul i # S : th i 3 Bid “Tani ir Types fe a } 53 j oan, i 1 i 2 - o> 4 “6 < Zz eZ Oa z 0 xu Zz Syn are = =) a3. Ww ot Eee 2,2: Boz 0.2% OO. pa] Oro ss 7100 "a THE Hors GARDEN MAGAZINE Devoted to Planting and Managing the Grounds About the Home and to the Cultivation of Fruits, Vegetables and Flowers Volume XXVII February, 1918, to July, 1918 NHS ( OCT 29 086 NN f | Bee . en GARDEN CITY NEW YORK DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 1918 INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Volume XX VII—February, 1918, to July, 1918 Copyrighted 1918, by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. The asterisk (*) signifies that the subject is illustrated Abelia, 140 About Types in Root Crops, 66 Adams, H. S., article by, 147* A. H. M., article by, 52 Akebia quinata, 140 Alabama, in, 27 Aiaska, Flower Gardens in, 125* Allen, J. C., photograph by, 19 American Gladiolus Society Mem- bership Campaign, 98 American Mutual Film, photograph by, 103 American Rose Society, 274* American Rose Society Comes to New York, 96 America’s Awakening, 177 Anthracnose, Bean, 28 Aphid that Robs Potatoes, 145* Apple clusters, 79* Apple-rust, 28 Apple Scald, 11 Apple Tree, 133* April Planting, 127 Aquilegia, 144* Are We ‘‘All at Sea’’-in Potato Cul- ture?, 80* Army of Feed-Allies-All, The (Verse) 256 Artichokes, The New Japanese, 46 Antirrhinum Cottage Maid, and Dainty Queen, 27* Art of Sowing Seed, The, 54 Aruncus sylvester, 222* Aster, 75* Barberry, Japan, 142* Barrel sprayer, 188' Bastin, S. Leonard, articles by, 11, 67*, 125", 178, 222, 223, 254, photographs by, Il, 67, 125, 254, 264, 265 Baxter James P., article by, 179 Bean, A Fine; for War Gardens, 106* Bean anthracnose, 28 Bean, French, 66 Bean, Hardy Wax, 106* Bean, Lima, 162 Bean, Navy, 74* Bean Seed, Blame Your Own Undue Haste, Not the, 162 Beans, 19* Beans, Different Varieties of, 46 Beaty, John Y., article by, 32 Bee Keeping for Gardeners, 88-b _ - Beginner, Putting it Simply for the, 70° Beginner, Simple Talk for the, 14 Beginners’ Instruction Class, 226* Beginners’ Why Some Don’t Succeed, 128 Beginners’ Garden, When the Beginner Needs an Urge, 258 Begonias for Hanging Baskets, 254 Bellflower, A New, for the North, 124* Beta Grape, The, 254* Biennials, Winter Protection for, 10 Billman J. I., article by, 126, 178 Bird Bath, An Improved Form of, 66 Bishop, H. O., photograph by, 268 Blair, Don S., article by, 106* Blame Your Own Undue Haste, Not the Bean Seed, 162 Blister Mite, Leaf, 29; on Pear and Apple Foliage, 29 Blister-rust, White Pine, 28 Blossom, Harold Hill, article by, 154 Books read, 196 Boudrot, Minnie, article and photo- graph by, 255 Box-Barberry, 142* Bradner, Leicester, article and photo- graph by, 125* Brown, Herbert, February cover by, Brown, Lew, article by, 263 Bruce, W. F., article and photograph by, 223 Brussels Sprouts? Can’t Grow, 126 Bulbs and Field Mice, 179 Burke, Anna M., articles by, 76, 254, plan by, 77 Burke, E. S. House of, photograph, 230 Burke, L. C., article by, 66 Burton, Kate B., article by, 38, 76 Button, H. F., article by, 145 Cactus, Grafting, r1* California, The Succession Problem in, 82* Calkins, Ernest Elmo, article by, 66 Calling the Class of 1918, 76 Calories in Cans, 256 Campanula Marian Gehring, 124* Can Any One Beat This?, 92 Cannas, 144 Canning Conveniences for the Canny Housekeeper, 262* ; Canning and Fuel, Looking Ahead, 221, for Winter Serving, Summer, 236*, Kitchen at Hamilton, Wen- ham, Mass., 184 Cannon, J. B. article by, 68 Cantaloupe, A New, 67 Canterbury Bells and Foxgloves in _ Winter, 11, 67 J Carnations, the Right way to Layer, 254" “Carrying On” in Your Own War Garden, 264* Catalogues, Confusion in, 66 Chamberlain, Montague, article by, 104 Chard, Swiss; the Handy Vegetable, 12, 125 Charles, H. H., photographs by, 187, 188, 189 Chart, Planting, 134 Cherry blossoms, 78* Chestnut blight fungus, 28 Chronicle of a 1917 War Garden, 18* Chrysanthemum, Beatrice, 144*,Betsy Ross, 144*, Connie Dick, 144%; Mrs W. Dennis, 144*; Japanese; 142*; Liberty Bond, 144*; Mid- night Sun, 144* Cladrastis tinctoria, 126* Clarke, Harold C., article by, 29 Clay soil, 30* Clematis paniculata, 140* Coboea scandens, 179* Coldframe, making, 70; starting seeds in a, 88 Color Harmony in Planting Rho- dodendrons, ro, 154 Columbine, 144* Combining Beauty and Comfort with Stern Utility, 23* Compressed air tank for spraying high places, 188 Conard, Henry S., articles and photo- graphs by, 179%, 254* Confusion in Catalogues, 66 Contrast in Planting, 125 Conveniences for Canny MHouse- keepers, Canning, 262* Codperation in Drying and Canning, 224* Corn, Quality in Sweet, 66 Cosmos, Flowering under Glass, 272 Cover, February, by Herbert Brown; March, by J. P. Verrees; April, Planting for Production, by J. P. Verrees; May, Sow the Seeds of Victory, by James Montgomery Flagg; June, Back up the Cannon with the Canner by J. P. Verrees; July, America’s Task, by E. Drake Cranberry, Bush, 140 Cranston, C. B., article by, 66 Crops, About Types in Root, 66 Crops, To Increase France’s, 11 Cultivating the Soil, 226 Cut Flowers; Keeping Weeks, 125* Them tor Daffodils, 83* Dahlia Garden, 103 : Dahlia Prof. F. H. Hall, 142*; La Folie, 142*; Topaze, 142* i Dahlias, 143*; Getting the Most Out of, 193* Davis, Jr.,, W. C., article by, 10 Davis, J. L., article by, 230 Daylight “Using,” Urge, 10, 232 DeMoss, Ira, article by, 66 Deutzia, Chinese Large-flowering, 21*; Lemoinei compacta, 22*; long- ifolia, 21*; Origin of Some Hybrids of, 22; Schneideriana laxiflora, 21* Deutzias of Merit, Two Chinese, 21*; The New, 179 Digging, 13* Dirca palustris, 56 Disease, Laying the Bugaboo of, 28 Does Anybody Know?, 104 Don, A. L., article by, 66 Doogue, Luke J., photographs by, 148 Draft in the Fruit Garden, Selec- tive, 265 Drainage and Moisture in Flats, 204* Drake, E., Cover by, July Dried Julienne mixture for soup, 234* Dried Vegetables Make Delicious dishes, 223 Drying and Canning, How to Co- operate, 224* Dry What You Cannot Can, 234* Duncan, Frances, articles by, 233, 268* Dunlap, Orrin E., article and photo- graph by, 193 Dwarf Fruit Tree, 18* Early Plants for the Paying Garden, T5 Early Potatoes, A good way to get, 256 Early Start, An, February cover design Early Vegetables? Do You Want, 104 Eaton, F. T., photographs by, 236, 240 Edwards, Helene, article by, 223 Efficiency in Gardening, 38 Egan, W. C., article and photograph by, 126* Egbert, Effie, article by, 162 Eggplant as an Amateur’s Crop, 99 Eldredge, A. G., photograph by, 140, 147 E. L. W., article by, 272 Employees’ potato field, The Country Life Press, Garden City, N. Y., 185 Enemy at Our Door, The, 65 E. S. J., article by, 256 Evans, Augusta D., article and photo- graphs by, 269* Evonymus Hamiltonianus semiperis- tens, 140* Evergreens, Things to remember in planting, 208 Facing the Fruit Situation Squarely, 123 Farrington, E. I., articles by, 46, 124, 272; photographs by, 72, 73, 124 February Planting, 12 Fertility, Keeping up for Next Year, 272 Fertilizers, 52, Hitting the High Cost of, 145; in the Garden, 202 Filipendula kamtschatica, 222* First Fruits of Victory, 232 Flagg, James Montgomery, by, May Flower Gardening in War Times, 9 Flower Gardens in Alaska, 125* Flowers, A Few; for the War Garden, 106 Flowers for the War Time Garden, 137 Flowers, Insects Defertilize, 125* Flowers, Keeping Cut, r25* _ Flower Show, International, New York, 98 . Flower Show, National, deferred, 95 Flowers, Sowing for Summer, 32 | Foliage, Leaf Blister Mite on Pear and Apple, 29 Food is Ammunition, March cover design by J. P. Verrees A Foreman, Dr. A. W.., article by, 66 Fork, Spading, 13* : Forsythia Flower Buds Killed, 179 For the South, 34, 100, 150, 198, 242, 276 Foxgloves and Canterbury Bells in Winter, 11 Frame, Knock down, for Starting Seeds, 11* Frost protection against, 193 Fruit Drive, The Coming, 189* Fruits? No Space for, 132* Fruit Preserving in Sand, 222 Fruit, Pruning For This Year, 78* Fruit Situation; Facing it squarely, 123 Fruit Tree, Dwarf, 18* Fruit Trees, Planning to Set Out, 16* Fuel in Cooking, 246 Fuller, A. B., article by, 67 cover Garden, Activities of a City War, 148* Garden, A War-Time, 76 Garden, A Yellow, 42 Garden Club, International, 93 Garden, Early Plants for the Paying, Lge Garden, Flowers for the War-Time, 106, 137* Garden Line, 13* E Garden, Managing a Half Acre War, weit Garden Magazine, Discussing The, 66 Garden Movies No. 2, The, 13 Garden Movies No. 3, The, 71 Garden Movies No. 4, The, 129 Garden Movies No. 5, The, 181 Garden Movies No. 6, The, 227 Garden Movies, No. 7, The, 259 Garden Plants, Score Card for, 126 Garden, Putting a Push Into the War, 104 Garden, The Chronicle of a 1917 War, 18* Garden, The Patriotic, 16, 76, 131, 183, 220, 264 Garden, Vegetable, 131* Gardening, Efficiency in, 38 Gardening the Great Democratizer, 2 Garces on a ‘Machine-to-Win- the-War” Basis, 20* Gardening, Tub, 67* Gardening, War-Time Flower, 9 Gardens, Alaskan Flower, 125* Gardens, Why Some Beginners Don’t Succeed, 128* Gathering the Early Crops, 226 Geranium, Zonal, Floradale Strain, r42* Germination of Hard Seeds, Hasten- ing, 1o* Getting the Jump on the Garden Huns, 187* Get Together or Get Left, 221 Get Your Spraying Machine Now, 124. Gladiolus, 142*; for the Novice, 194* Gladiolus Indian Summer, 143* Gladiolus Praecox Hybrids, 143* Grafting Cactus, 11* : Grape, after being pruned, 79* Gravelly soil, 30* Graves, Nathan R., photographs by, 17, 140 Grubs, White; Coming in 1918, 125 Hahn, Magdalene, article by, 223 Halimodendron argenteum, 56 H. A. M., article by, 40 Hamblin, Stephen F-., article by, 23*, plans by, 23, 24 Hammond, B., photographs, by, 274 Hanging Baskets, Begonias for, 254 Havenkoth, Mrs. A. H., article by, 68 Hayward, J. photograph by, 11 Heather Turning Brown, The cause, 246 Help! Help! Rhododendron Color, to Here It is Again, 1o* Hilling; Why plants are hilled, 180 Hoe, Draw, 13*; Dutch, 13*; Scuffle, > 13 Hoe Tillage, Scuffle, 164 Hollister, S. P., articie by, 67 Home Canning of Small quantities of vegetables, 236* Home Gardener, 231* Home Grounds; making them beauti- ful, 23 3 Hortulus, article by, 164 Hotbeds, making, 70 How Long Are Seeds ‘‘Good”’?, 146 Hunnemannia, 68, 178 Hunt, Chester J., article by, 208 Indoor Decorations from the Gar- den, 69* Indices, Reference, 124 Insect Nests, Why Burn, 67 Insects Defertilize Flowers, 125 Insects Controlling, 187* Tris, 82* Spanish, 83*, 84* Islip, Practical Plans at, 38 Is the South Disinterested? 68 Is Your Garden Going to Suffer? 221 Japan Barberry, 142* Johnson, E. S., articles by, 46, 206 Jones, D. F., article by, 178, 260°; photographs by, 178, 260, 261 Judd, Wm. H., article by, 56, 139* June Action in the War Garden, 231* Kains, M. G., articles by, 10%, 16%, 78"; 130%, 132 189, 192, 232, 265; photographs by, to, 78, 79 Keeping up Appearance in the Flower order, 195* Kerr, G. W., articles and photo- graphs by, 25*, 26, 27 Kirkpatrick, E. L., articles and photo- graphs by, 234, 235 Knoch, A. A., article by, 86 Koehler, Hans J., article by, 156 Kruhm, Adolph, article by, 20*, 186, 192; 231, 204%, photographs by, 13, 186, 231 Kruhm, Mrs. A.; article by, 246 Labels, Wooden Preserving, 178 Land Army of America, The Women’s, 270° . INDEX Larkspurs, 83* Late Planting, Potatoes for, 223* Laying the Bugaboo of Disease, 28 L. B., articles by, 202, 255* Lemoine, M. Emil, 255* Lemoine, E., photograph by, 255 Leaf Blister Mite on Pear and Apple Foliage, The, 29 - Lettuce, Ohio Grand Rapids, 74* Liberty Loan Bonds, Third, 124 Lily pool and section, 223* Liquid Feeding, when to give, 226 Look Ahead: Canning and Fuel, 221 Lurie, Alexander, article by, 130 Macfarlane, A. H., article by, 125 Macfarlane, James, article and photo- graph by, 92%, McClung, Littell, verse by, 256 McCollom, W. C., article by, 80,* 180; photographs by, 13, 15, 18, 71, 80, 81, 129, 136, 181, 259 McFarland, J. Horace, article by, 21* McFarland Co., J. Horace, photo- graphs by, 21, 22 ““Machine-to -Win - the -War” Gardening on a, 20* Making a Little Go a Long Way, 52 Making a Nation of Garden Cities, 183* Managing a Half-Acre War Garden, 131* Manures, 14 Marks, Marcus M.., article by, ro Meller, C. L., articles by, 125*, 263 Merritt, Fred L., article by, 10, 38 Meyer, W. H., article by, 67 M.G.K., articles by, 42, 94, 148*, 179*; photographs by, 148, 179 Mice and Bulbs, 179 Midsummer Transplanting, iences in, 263 Missouri College of Agriculture, pho- tographs by, 238, 262, 263 Mitchell, Sidney B., article and pho- tographs by, 82”, 83, 84 Month’s Reminder, The, 12, 69, 127, 182, 225, 257 Morrill, W. J., article by, 208 Movies, The, Garden,* 13, 71, 120, I81, 227, 250 Murray, Mrs. E. B., article by, 125 Munitions of Defence, 65 Basis, Exper- National War Garden Commission, photographs by, 267 Nests, Why Burn Insect, 67 New Garden Song, The, (verse) 230 Northend, M. H., photograph by, 133 Novelties, 74* Novelty Review, 141* Nurserymen Offer Expert Advice, 98 Nuts, Remembering Our Native, 50 “Oats, Peas, Grows,” 272 On the Trail of the Slacker, 258 Onions, 19*; seedling, 66 Orchard, 133*; Destruction of, 124* Beans, and Barley Pack, Charles Lathrop, article by, 183, 228 : Packing Plants for Shipping, 147* Paper Pots, Making, 66* Paris, Frances Johnstone, article by, 131 Patch, Edith M., article and photo- graph by, 145* Patriotic Garden, 16*, 76*, 131*, 183%, 229*, of Employees of Oliver Chil- led Plow Co., South Bend, Ind., 184, 185 Patterson, J. M., article by, 34, 100, 150, 198, 242, 276 Payne, Raphael Semmes, article and photographs by, 18* Peach blossoms, 78* TO GARDEN MAGAZINE Peach Leaf Curl, 28 Peach Tree, 133*; Worming, 148* Peas, 68; Getting on the stakes, 180 Peck, Evelyn Vose, article by, 27 Perennials, Dividing in the Spring, 200-b Peppers, Stuffed green, 239* Pests, controlling plant, 28 Petunia Ruffled Monster, 75* Phosphates, 146 Pig’s Part in the Garden, 10* Planning to Set Out Fruit Trees, 16* Plans, Planting, 23, 24, 77, 137, 138 Plant Food, Chat on, 14 Plant pests, controlling, 28 Plant, When to; in any Part of the Country, 136 Planting, 80%, 129*; April, 127, Chart, 134, Contrast in, 125; February, 12; for the future, 276; for Beauty and Utility, 23; for the South, 34, 100-150; June, 225; March, 69; May, 182; One Hundred Per Cent Success in Tree and Shrub, 130%; Rhododendrons, Color Harmony in, 154; Table for Vegetable Seeds, 136; the potato, 80*; Trees for Home Insurance, 132* Plants Are as Gold, This Year, 147 Plants, early for the Paying Garden, 15*; Packed for. Shipping, 147%; Score Card for Garden, 126; Wanted, 67 Plow, Tractor, 148* Poland, J. P., article by, 256 Poor Soil, Soapy water for, 255* Potato, 92 Potato Culture? Are We Sea” in, 80* Potatoes, Early; in the Small Garden, 134; first class, 92*; for Late Plant- ing, 223; The Traitor Aphid That Robs, 145* Potash, 146 Pots, Making Paper. 66* Power Tractors and Gang Plows, 184 Practical Plans at Islip, 38 Presby, Frank, articles by, 178, 179 Preserves, Cans of, 236* Preserving Fruit in Sand, 222 Problems, Middle Western, 130 Production Planting for, April cover, by J. P. Verrees Protection, Winter, for Biennials, 1o Pruning for Fruit This Year, 78*; Grape, 79*; Roses, 68* Pumpkins, Making Grow Fast, 223* Putting a Push into the War Garden, 104 Putting It Simply, for the Beginner, 70° “All at Quince Blossoms, 78* Rake, Iron, 13* Rankin, W. H., article by, 28; maps by, 28 Ready References for Busy Planters, 134 Reference Indices, 124 Rehder, Alfred, articles by, 22, 179 Reid, Buford, articles by, 106, 210 Rhododendron Color, to Rhododendrons, Color Harmony in Planting, 154 Rhubard, Quality in, 178 Rhubarb, Varietal Differences in, 94 Rice, F. W., article by, 67 Robinson, Effie M., articles by, 236*, 262 Rock Garden, An 8 x 15 ft., 271 Rockwell, F. F., article by, 15*, 135%, 187*, 229* Rockwood, W. H., article by, 178 Root Crops, About Types in, 66 Rose Alida Lovett, Trailing, 142*; Aunt Harriet, 143*; Columbia, 143*; Golden Emblem, 143*; Los Angeles, 256; Mary Lovett, 72*; Pur- ity, 73*; Rosalind, 143*; Silvia, 143°; Wich-Moss, 73* Roses, Newer Climbing, of Merit, 72*; Pruning, 68* Rose Garden, In the, 244 Rose Slips, Growing, 272 Rose Society, American, 274* Rural Codperative Fruitand Vegetable Market, 224 Rutledge, Archibald, article by, 50 ‘Rutter, Frederick, photograph by, 16 S. A. E., article by, 68 “S.A. F.’, What it Means to Us, 158 Sanford, Wm. H., photograph by, 17 Save Everywhere, 178 School Children, Columbus, Ohio, help local food production, 183* Score Card for Garden Plants, 126 Scuffle Hoe, 13*; Tillage, 164 Seed, The Art of Sowing, 54; Blame Your Own Undue Haste, Not the Bean, 162; Hunnemannia from, 68; Supply, Facts about the, 9 Seedlings, Onion, 66; transplantinz, 129" Seeds and the Man, 123; Are As Gold This Year, 135*; Hastening Germination of Hard, 10*; How Long Are They Good?, 146; Knock Down Frame for Starting, 11* Saving from the Home Garden, 260°; sowing, 25%, 26%, 7o*, 80%, 1357, started in a coldframe, 88; starting; for best results, 15*; Testing, 146; What’s New in Vegetable and Flower, 74* Sefton, Mrs. E., article by, 67 Selective Draft in the Fruit Garden, 265 Selective Draft to Replace Losses, 253 Share your Garden with the Settle- ment, 223 Shipment, How to Pack Plants for, 147" Shrubs and Trees, 56; Transplanting in Full Leaf, 263; That Keep Their Foliage Late, 139* Sidalcea Rose Queen, 74* Sinews of War, The, 9 Singer, W. H., article and drawing by, 223 Snapdragons, 27* Snapdragons and Sweet Peas, 25* Snowstorm Sweet Pea, 75* Soapy Water for Poor Soil, 255* Society Notes and News, 38, 96, 158, 202, 240, 274 Soldiers at work in camps, 67* Soil, clay, 30%; dry, 30*; Fertility, New Ideas in, 145; gravelly, 30*; What Kind have You Got?, 30* South: Is it Disinterested?, 68 South, Planting for the, 34, 100, 150, 198, 242 Sowing for Summer Flowers, 32 Sowing Seed, Art of, 25*, 26%, 54, 70%, 80%, 135* Soy Bean, The, 179* Spade, 13* Spading Fork, 13* Special Problems Met in the Middle West, 130 Spiraeas, Two Handsome, 222* Sporting Chance, The, 68 Spraying Machine, Get Your, 124 Spray Mixtures in Handy Small Quantities, ror Spring, Florence, article by, 239 Spring Songs of the Garden Warrior (verse), 192 Staking Plants, 226 Starting seeds early for best results, 15"; in a Coldframe, 88; Knock Down Frame for, 11* Stock-taking Time in the Garden, 253 Strang, Elizabeth, article by, 137°; planting tables by, 137, 138 Strawberry Plant, 67*; Everbearing, for the First Fruitless Summer, 40 Stumpage Is Valuable Now, 88 Sturtevant, R.S., articles by, 126, 271"; photographs by, 271 Sub-watering arrangement for flats, 204 Succession Problem in California, 82* Successional Sowings, 180, 226 Sugar for Canning, 257 Summer Bugs, Bag the, 226 Summer Canning for Winter Serving, 236* Summer Flowers, Sowing for, 32 Surely Grow These Things, 66 Sweet Corn, Quality in, 66 Sweet Pea, Early-flowering Spencer Lavender King, 27*; Snowstorm, 75*; Sweet Brier, 75* Sweet Peas, 75*; and Snapdragons, 25* Swiss Chard, The Handy Vegetable, 125 Temperature Requirements of Veg- etable Crops, 136 Tent Caterpillar Destroyer, 178* Tent, Demonstration, 148* Thatcher, A. E., article and photo- graphs by, 221* Thinning Fruit, Time to stop, 278; Trinning Out, 135 Thinning out lines for space, 186 Thinning, Why we thin plants, 180 INDEX TO GARDEN MAGAZINE This Year Plants Are as Gold, 147 To Increase France’s Crops, 11 Tomato grafted on potato, ro* Tomato, The Home, 74* Tomato Vine, 1o* Tomatoes, Yellow; Have a Friend, 68 Tool, Wheel Combination, 13*; A Decidedly Useful, 67 Tools, 13*, 20* Totty, Charles H., article by, 158 Transplanting, 15*; seedlings, 129* Tree and Shrub Planting, One Hun- dred Per Cent. Success in, 130% Tree, Apple, 133*; Dwarf Fruit, 18*; Peach, 133*; The Yellow Wood, 126* Trees and Shrubs, 56 Trees, Planning to Set Out Fruit, 16*; Planting Fruit, 132* Trellis for Viney Vegetables, A handy practical, 178 Troth, H., photograph by, 140 Trowel, 13* Tub Gardening, 67* Tulips “ Breaking”, 206 Tulips, Darwin, 82* Two Chinese Deutzias of Merit, 21* Two handsome “‘Spiraeas’’, 222* Uncle Sam’s Gardening, 233-268* Uplift of the Vegetable, The, 239* Vegetable and Flower Seeds, What’s New in, 74* Vegetables, 210 Vegetables, A Sextette of Superior, 210 Vegetables, Do You Want Early, 104 Vegetable Garden, 131* Vegetables Required for One Person, 134 Vegetables, Setting out ‘“Warm’’, 180 Vegetables to be Relied Upon, 160 Verrees, J. P., cover designs by, March, April, June Verse, Davis, J. L., 230 Verse, M. G. Kains, 192 Verse, Army of Feed-Allies-All, The, 256 Verse, Litell McClung, 256 Verse, New Garden Song, The, 230 Verse, Spring Songs of the Garden Warrior, 192 Virgilia lutea, 126* War, The Sinews of, 9 War Garden, Activities of a City, 148* War Garden Campaign, Returns from, 266; Commission 224,236,237; A Few Flowers for the, 106; Exper- iences and Wisdom, 38; in Action, The, 186*; Managing a Half Acre, 131°; of Consolidated Inspiration Copper Company, Arizona, 185%; Putting a Push into the, 104; The Chronicle of a 1917, 18*; and the Helping Hand of Women, 228; A Fine Bean for, 106*; A, 76; Flowers for the, 137* War Times, Flower Gardening in, 9 Wagon used for mobility of barrel sprayer, 189* Walters, Mrs. R. W., article by, 86 Water jacket oven used for canning or drying, 238* Water-lily Pond, A Small, 223* Watering, 129*; Device, A, 125*; In Rows, 180; Young plants, 70 Weeds, 65-66* : West, Problems of the Middle, 130 What Kind of Soil Have You Got?, 30 What’s New In Roses, Shrubs, Sum- mer Flower-Roots and Plants, 141*; in Vegetable and Flower Seeds?, 74* What the ‘“‘S. A. F.” Means to Us, 158 Wheel Combination tool, 13* 7 When to Plant in Any Part of the Country, 136 White Grubs Coming in 1918, 125 White Pine blister rust, 28 Why Burn Insect Nests?, 67 Why Some Beginners’ Gardens Don’t Succeed, 128* Wich-Moss Rose, 73* Wilder, Louise B., article by, 195 Wilkinson, A. E., article and photo- graphs by, 30* ; Wilson, W. L., photograph by, 294 Winter Protection for Biennials, ro Wintering Canterbury Bells, 67: W. L. W., article by, 204 W. N. C., article by, ro Wolcott, Mrs. H. W., article by, 11 Women’s Land Army of America, The, 270* Wood, J. L., article by, 246 Woodcock, J. H., article by, 104 “Worm” Peach Trees Now, 148* Yellow Garden, A, 42 Yellow-wood Tree, The, 126* Tools to Lighten Labor Fruits for Food, Flowers for Peace FEBRUARY 1918 PRICE 25 CENTS “I can not emphasize too strongly the urgent necessity of doing everything possible to bring about a still further increase in the troduction of all commodities.’’—Secretary Houston’s Report. This Means: Plant More Gardens, Sow More Seed Delicious Strawberries from June to November Picked and Photographed October 13, 1917 W. L. FORBES | “T have grown Kel- logg Strawberries ex- i clusively for the past f 715 years and seldom make less than $1200 per acre. wast year I made $2500 per acre from Kellogg Ever- bearers. Kellogs’s strawberry bock has | f been worth its weight d@ in gold-to me.’ H W.L. Forbes, Vermont Kellogg Strawberry Gardens Stop paying high prices for common strawberries. KELLOGG’S EVERBEARING STRAWBERRIES Give Bigger and Quicker Profits Than Anything Else That Grows ELLOGG’S EVERBEARERS set this spring will produce loads of big delicious berries this year all through August, September and October, and next year they will fruit heavily from June to November. Frost does not affect their blossoms or fruit. Fall strawberries always are in great demand at prices ranging from 30c to 50c per quart. We want to send you our handsome new 64-page book ‘“‘“GREAT CROPS OF STRAWBERRIES AND HOW TO GROW THEM.” This big book has been written by a man who has made strawberries his life study. It tells how KELLOGG PLANTS grown the “KELLOGG WAY” will make more money for you per acre than anything else you can grow. It also gives the experience of many growers who make at the rate of $1,000 per Acre the Same Season Plants are Set <—a ee Read What These Growers 89 _—— W. R. Randall of Illinois made at the rate of $1900 per acre. R.A.Cable of Colorado made at the rate of $840 per acre. O. J. Orsborne of Utah made $33.70 from only 50 Kellogg Everbearers besides supplying his family with berries. Elijah Straight of New Brunswick, Canada, picked an average of three quarts per plant. We could fill this entire page with similar reports. You can make these same big and quick profits. We will help you. Our big, free book pictures and describes these wonderful Everbearers and tells how to grow them. It also pictures and describes Kellogg Strawberry Gardens. Let a Kellogg berry Book—It’s Free Strawberry Garden supply your entire family with big, sweet, delicious berries the year "round without cost and give you a big cash profit besides. Grow them right in your own garden or back yard and reduce the high cost of living. You simply can’t afferd to be without a Kellogg Strawberry Garden this year. Write for our big, free book It tells how you can pick berries fresh from the vines from June to November and gives 30 recipes for preparing strawberry dainties for both to-day. summer and winter. It explains in detail the Kellogg Way of growing and selling strawberries, how to grow two big crops of berries each year, how to make one acre do the work of two, and how Kellogg’s Free Service will help you grow bigger crops of better berries , and make bigger profits. In fact, it gives just the information needed. prizes to the boys and girls and tells the women and how to save on their grocery bills. Beau- tifully illustrated with actual photographs. 64 pages of plain practical strawberry infor- mation and money making facts. Worth its weight in gold—costs you nothing. Your name and address on a postal will bring this book by return mail. Write for it to-day. R. M. KELLOGG CO. Box 690 Three sade Mich. NN) It also offers big cash ,; Lf folks how to earn their own spending money 4 ine MRS. DORA SNOW “From my small Kel- logg Strawberry Gar- den I sold $130.00 worth of berries be- sides all I could use at home. Many of the plants produced two quarts of berries each. I sold my Everbearing Strawberries at 30 cents per quart. Some of the berries were almost as large as peaches.”’ Mrs. Dora Snow, Nebraska Send To-day For Our Big, New Straw- (12) Fresrvuary, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 1 ET ——————— ee iit = mE i =) lj uu Cee ee LMM IM cn A THE JOYS OF GARDENING Better and Bigger Crops To get out on a crisp Spring morning and feel the mellow soil crumble beneath the plow-shares of a wheel hoe, to drill the seed, cultivate the plants, all oe in an upright position, brings joy to the body in need of exercise. Besides, carries with it the satisfaction of knowing that the work is done better, Rane and ever so much easier than it could be done in any other way—done as the market gardener does it. Orman CARDEN TOOLS | have been made by us for many years. We have watched their use in thousands of gardens. To this day, we don’t know which, to the home gardener, is the more alluring—the fact that they help produce larger crops with less labor or that it is such a downright joy to push them! And then, this year there is the satisfaction of knowing that you are patriot- ically supplying at least your own table as your Country asks. Ingenuity can extend almost indefinitely the usefulness of IRON AGE Tools. The complete set that comes with many of the combination models can be made to perform every duty for which the garden calls. There are plows, weeders, cultivator teeth, rakes, pulverizing discs, etc., designed by men who got tired of doing the work the old fashioned way. The different attach- ments are changed ina jiffy. Because IRON AGE. Tools are built along correct lines they are the easiest to handle and give lasting service. Women and children enjoy raising flowers and vegetables with them, and they are really the safest tools in the hands of the inexperienced. IRON AGE No. 306 Combined Hill and Drill Seeder, Single and Double Wheel Hoe is the “Complete Gardener.”” It is a mechanical “handy man’’ that prepares the soil, plants the seed, covers it, firms the soil, and marks the next row. An easy change of tools and it is ready to do the cultivating and weeding necessary for the best growing conditions. It does all this correctly, making up for the practice which the user may lack. Many other models from $4.50 up differ chiefly in the variety of their attachments. Nearly all are standardized so that attachments may be bought as desired. A HELPFUL BOOKLET “Modern Gardening” designed to acquaint garden hobbyists with what they can really do with the various types of IRON AGE Tools is yours for the asking. It explains their construction in detail, shows the best ways of accomplishing the different kinds of work, and how one may do more work than ten men working with old fashioned tools and do it easier. CULTIVATING CLOSE TO YOUNG PLANTS Write for it to-day—FREE BATEMAN MANUFACTURING CO. TRIN ner MULCH GRENLOCH Box 350 C. NEW JERSEY MMMM MMMM MMMM Ne Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too an THE GARDEN MAGAZINE ee, le “Write for This Free Guide to Profitable Fruit Growing That’s what our New Cata- logue may really be considered. Through words and pictures it attempts to impress upon the patriotic gardener the vital needs of growing more fruit and still more fruit. Over half a century’s ex- perience in producing fruit trees, a lifetime’s exper- ience in studying the rela- tive merit of different va- rieties for the home garden or orchard, come to your assistance through this book. Let it help you decide what to grow in the Fruit garden. While it will prove an equally useful adviser on problems of ornamental plantings, its principal mission, for the present, is to emphasize the importance of growing more Fruit as a Food for the Nation “Eat fruit and save sugar. Eat nuts and save meat” is the editorial advice in January Garden Magazine. If, !n addi- tion, you grow your own fruit, you are serving the country in doubly patriotic fashion. To grow one’s own fruit, the garden need not be large. Our catalogue offers Dwarf Fruit Trees of all kinds which yield remarkable crops in small space. Then, there are bush fruits and berry plants for growing in beds and along borders. By a judicious ar- rangement, a fairly representative collec- tion of nuts, apples, pears, plums, peaches, and cherries may be grown in a small garden. With each collection of- fered below, we supply a blue print giv- ing explicit directions where to place and how to plant the different trees. Nut Trees as a National Asset “‘What finer monument to man’s wisdom than stately nut bearing trees!”” Easily grown, hardy and enduring nut trees yield regularly increas- ing quantities of valuable food. Our special strains of English Walnut, Black and White (Butternut) Walnuts, Filberts, defy zero clim- ates. We grow every worth-while variety of Nut Trees, so long as it has stood the very ex- acting tests to which we subject everything in our nursery. But this rigorous selection re- lieves the planter of all anxiety. Glen Bros. Hardy Nut Trees come to you #rue-to-name, healthy, and in vigorous shape for perfect results. These Collections Typify Glen Brothers’ Service Two Opportunities for Ma No. 1 Nut Collection $5 For $5.00 we will send you one each of the following Nut Trees: If bought singly would cost $8.00 Hard Shell Almond. Hardy and easily grown; tree very showy when in bloom; nuts large, plump and sweet. Black Walnut. Nuts rich in food value, and with increasing age the wood adds a compound-interest value to the tree. Butternut. Trees begin to bear their rich, sweet, delicately flavored nuts when very young, and the demand for these nuts is always in excess of the supply. English Walnut. Its nuts are of greater food value than meat, wheat flour, or potatoes; and the beautiful Circassian Walnut furniture is made from the wood of this tree. American Filbert. Tree ranks high in ornamental value and bears large crops of sweet flavored nuts. English Filbert. Nuts of the Eng- lish variety are large, oblong; kernel plump and of rich flavor; excellent keeper. king a Profitable Investment No. 2 Fruit Collection $5 For $5.00 we will send you Fifteen fine Fruit Trees, as follows: If bought singly would cost $7.25 3 Apples. Yellow Transparent. Pale Yellow; crisp, acid; good. Summer. McIntosh. Deep Red; juicy; rich, and pleasant. Autumn. Baldwin. Large; deep red; crisp and juicy; very productive. Winter. 3 Peaches. Fitzgerald. Large; golden yellow; tender and sweet. Early. Elberta. Orange-yellow; mildly sweet or sub-acid. Medium. Late Crawford. Greenish-yel- low; firm, juicy, richly flavored. Late. 3 Pears. Bartlett. Yellow, red blush, buttery, juicy. Summer. Seckel. Prob- ably the richest flavored Pear known; juicy. Autumn. Lincoln. One of the best-keep- ing winter Pears. 2 Plums. Abundance. Bright Cherry-red, with very juicy flesh. Brad- shaw. Dark violet-red; juicy and pleas- antly sub-acid. 2 Cherries. Tartarian: Large; black; sweet and tender; popular variety. Mont morency. Clear red; juicy, rich acid. 2 Quinces. Orange. Golden _yel- low; flesh tender, flavor good. Rea. Larger than the Orange; of excellent qual- ity; strong grower. 1 dN - Establish 1 GLEN BROS., Inc. sai Eten oe Row Work Mm Mc a A ll My Mu ini Te E Is Comfort and Contentment a Luxury? No, certainly not! Just as food is essential to physical comfort, so are. flowers and plants necessary to spiritual contentment. More than ever. before do we need the soothing companionship of plant life. 800 Acres of Plants, Shrubs, and Trees that will spread Cheer, Happiness, and Peace No matter what your preference, we can For the food garden, we grow a complete serve you with just the plants you want. assortment of fruits best suited to eastern Behind us stand the combined resources of conditions. Only sorts of proven depend- two of the oldest, largest and best nurseries ability are offered, in different Sess at in the country. moderate prices. FREE:—Catalogue and Treatise on Evergreens Let our catalogue introduce you to the choicest stocks of hardy, ornamental trees, shrubs, lants, fruit trees and berry plants grown. Those fond of Evergreens will enjoy our special leaflet. Write for free copies of both TO-DAY American Nursery Co., Inc. singer Biag. New York City J oc Grow You Own Fruit At a slight initial cost, with a minimum of atten- tion, and with practically no running expenses, your home-plot can easily supply you with delicious, perfect fruit in season. Pears, Peaches, Quinces, Apples, Grapes, Berries, in fact, all KELLY BROS. fruits will thrive and bear rapidly and bountifully. The strongest kind of a guarantee is your protection against inferior stock. Our nursery, established in 1880, is famous for hardy fruit trees, as well as choice collections of ornamentals. Our prices per- mit a considerable money-saving. Send for Free 1918 Catalogue Kelly Bros. Wholesale Nurseries 41 Main Street, Dansville, N. Y. The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Gardening Fepruary, 1918 XN \S SS S ES Plant Evergreens GLEAM of living green brightens the winter landscape. And stately evergreens contrast strongly with deciduous trees in summer. We offer you more than 60 kinds, including: White Pines: 12 ft. to 15 ft. high. A noble native tree that thrives on almost any soil. It grows rapidly—2} to 3 ft. a year. An evergreen of en- chanting beauty. Steel bluish-green foli- age and graceful branches. The tree is very hardy. _It is valuable for lawns, for massing and for avenues. Douglas Spruce: We have Evergreens for every landscape purpose. All are strong-rooted due to frequent transplanting. All our trees are dug with great care and packed while still fresh from the ground—no storing. Irish Roses: In spite of submarines, we have succeeded in importing a large ship- ment of genuine Irish Roses—the famous Dickson strain. Planted early, they will bloom this very summer. Our Catalogue lists nearly 200 varieties—all hardy. DOUGLAS SPRUCE THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 3 5 Get your name on our mailing list to receive our illustrated 1918 Catalog and mid-summer and autumn announcements. Write to-day. ROSEDALE NURSERIES Box A S. G. HARRIS TARRYTOWN, N. Y. a0 000 Ee UNAM TAT Ia NAKA HINA Home Gardeners Should Order These Special Strains Now While we are prepared for one of the greatest spring rushes in the 62 years of our business history, the “think-ahead’’ gardener will not permit himself to get caught in it. The particular varieties which you consider especially adapted to your conditions and your needs may be exhausted, if you delay. Then, too, orders must be filled in rotation—that’s the only fair way—and late orders must await their turns, with perhaps thousands ahead. 12 Leaders That Really Lead Carrot, Danvers. Has produced forty tons Bean, Warren. Perfectly stringless, flat, per acre. Pkt. 10c. green-podded sort of great rust resistance. Very prolific. Pkt. 15c. ; : Parsnip, Abbott?’s Improved Hollow Bean, Bountiful Extremely early. Tre- (@;owned. Long roots with smooth clear mendous cropper, and the finest flat green skin. Does well in all soils. Pkt. 10c. odded ever introduced. Entirely string- ess. Pkt. 15¢. 4 : Peas, Gregory's Early Excelsior. An Beet, Gregory’s Impr. Crosby’s Egyptian. exceptionally ~ heavy cropper among The most thoroughbred early beet, with dwarf, sweet, wrinkled sorts. Pkt. 15c; handsome roots of best flavored flesh. 2 /b. 25c. Pkt. 10¢. Peas, Gregory’s Early Morn. The ear- Cabbage, Copenhagen Market. The largest of the early round-headed sorts. Of truly remarkable quality and a sure header. Pkt. 10c. liest of the large podded early wrinkled sorts, prolific and very sweet. Pkt. 15c. Radish, Scarlet Globe. One of the earliest Lettuce, Gregory's B. S. Tennisball. A round radishes. Grows to good size LN Yes, flowers bring peace of mind to the war worker. Keep sunny and sweet, in spite of the stress and strain, by growing ““The Queen of Flowers.” She will respond heartily to your care; her © fragrance and marvelous color harmonies will appeal to your sense of pees and impress you daily with the wonder of Nature’s works. Start now to plan your summer rose attractions. And letC. & J. guaranteed-to-bloom Roses help you out, with their widely-varied forms and colorings, with sorts adaptable to any climate. And especiaily consider the New Chinese ‘‘Hugonis’’ Rose —the first rose to bloom in the spring. Absolutely unique as regards appearance and habit of growth. The color is intense canary yellow, very bright and attrac- tive. It is really exceptional for its abundance of bloom, and dainty foliage the young shoots are a rich crimson in color—an added beauty not seen in many varieties. Hardy as a daisy—suitable for lawn or planting among shrubbery. Own-root pot-plants: 2 yr. size, $1.50 each, postpaid. Larger 2-yr. plants, by express $2.00; 3-yr., by express $5.00. Our supply of this new beauty is limited. Order your plants at once. (Js 1918 FLORAL GUIDE FREE TO YOU An interesting and valuable 84-page book that will show you many new possibilities in rose-culture. It listsnearly 400 of the ‘Best Roses for America ’—beautifully illustrated in colors. Remember all C. & J. Roses are guaranteed to bloom. For 10¢, we send you our instructively i 7 “ illustrated 32-page booklet, ‘* How to — a ss Oe Grow Roses,” 25¢ return check good on your first $x order and our 84-page Floral Guide. Send to-day. =| Bie 4p ONARD EST GROVE, " ( Ce Jones Co. * WES 24 PA. Robert Pyle, Pres. A. Wintzer, Vice-Pres. Rose Specialists—Backed by 50 years’ experience: SOMA firmly folding butterhead variety that is very slow to run to seed. Pkt. 10c. Onion, Gregory’s Improved Yellow Globe- A heavy cropper of great dependability. Unsurpassed for winter storage. Pit. 10c. without becoming pithy or losing quality. Pkt. 10c. Squash, Gregory’s Delicious. Unsur- passed in firmness of flesh, dryness, sweet- ness and exceedingly rich flavor. Pkt. 10c. Delivered Postpaid Order Direct from this Advertisement Order any or all of the above listed seeds, referring to this special offer. As a Special Introductory Offer, we will mail one packet each of these 12 sorts, regular value $1.40 for $1.20, postpaid. When our carefully chosen stocks are exhausted, we prefer to return the money rather than to substitute seeds of unknown origin and doubtful quality. Send for Our Free 1918 Catalogue It tells how to make a garden and what to grow init for assured returns. It is one of the few seed catalogues giving definite information, gathered from our own trial grounds. You will find it a reliable guide to the choicest vegetables and finest flowers. Our prices are moderate indeed, considering the present shortage of good stock. Write for the Catalogue to-day and order now. J. J. H. GREGORY & SON, 10 Elm Street, Marblehead, Mass. Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 4 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Freprvuary, 1918 Wd Cultivate for Liberty with a Liberty Weeder Shake off the bonds of hardship which a weedy garden imposes upon you year after year. The Lib- erty Cultivator makes short work of weeds. It cuts them off, besides loos- ening the soil and pulver- izing it. The unique shape of the Liberty Cultivator teeth thus stands ‘or triple efficiency. Easily and Quickly Adjusted In addition to all the recognized good points of other garden tools, the Liberty Weeder is easily adjustable to any width, from four to ten inches. By simply loosening two wing nuts, the arms may be moved to the desired width. It is one of the easiest culti- vators to handle, because the special construction of the teeth makes downward pres- sure of the tool unnecessary. Cultivates both sides of rows at once For straddling the rows, the centre tooth can be quickly detached. By adjusting the cultivator to the width of the plants in the row the gardener can come quite close to the plants, thus saving a lot of handweeding. See the Liberty Weeder at your dealers or send to us direct. Accept no sub- stitutes. Comes with five feet, polished ash handle. Price, $1.50 Liberty Wheel Cultivator Weeder 222" presents a combination of the hand cultivator with a wheel frame. The Liberty Cultivator is attached to the wheel frame by.means of a patent socket. Can be used with the wheel directly ahead of cultivator for use between the rows, or with the wheel offset, for straddling the FOUR HEIGHT S\. ADJUSTMENTS LLL ADJUSTABLE #\\ FROM 4 TO 10 IN. rows. Handle adjustable to different heights, cultivator adjustable to different widths. Price Complete $3.00 The Gilson Wetter Saves SEES A six-foot handle, attached to a combination scuffle hoe and take make the Gilson Weeder one of the most unique garden tools available. The double edged, oscillating steel blade makes every stroke for- ward or backward count. With it you can do four times the work of the or- dinary hoe, with half the effort. foe weeding under shrub- bery and in flower beds The Gilson Weeder cuts the weeds and loosens the soil and does the work 7 of a rake also. Can be run quite close to plants and shrubbery, because the side arms act as fenders. Comes in four widths of blade. Prices: e 3% inch blade, for narrow rows 8oc; 5 inch blade, for weeding flower beds, under shrubbery, and general work, goc; 6 inch blade, for light soils, 95c; 8 inch blade, for wide rows $1.10. describing any or all of the Gilson Garden Write for Free Leaflets Tools. Tell us which of above interests you most, and we will tell you which dealer in your neighborhood has them, or we will supply direct. Plan tight now to have the most productive ‘garden this year. It will be easy if you Write us TO-DAY. J. E. Gilson Company, Port VeMne ay Wis. * VHC @@@@CC/CC-C@@EEECA@@E@YTT€V-TCTCE@@@ELXI. YUEEEEEEeEEE@@EEC@EE@EEE@EE We \ CMM keep down the weeds with Gilson Garden Tools. Vecluins Se Founded in 1802 HIS house has been famous for the last 115 years for reli- able seeds of all kinds. Seeds for the War Garden Large Estate Farm, Lawn etc. Send to-day for new 1918 catalogue, which is now ready for mailing. It lists all varieties of vege- tables, flower and grass seeds. Free on request J. M. THORBURN & CO. 53 B Barclay Street through to 54 Park Place NEW YORK IRIS (Fleur-de-lis) If you have no planting of this beautiful flower, you are missing much of the richness of life. Bearded Iris comes in bewilder- ing array of colors, its petals as delicate and as beautiful in form, texture and color as fairies’ wings. The form of this flower has been remarkably im- proved of late years, and modern varie- ties show none of the stiffness of the old sorts. The new varieties are a revelation with their broad, rounded petals and their beautiful, globular form of flowers. Earliest varieties bloom the last of March, and others follow up to June 15th, after which the wonderful and stately Japanese Irises appear. Our collection includes nearly five hun- dred varieties. Many of them are very rare. For $1.55 we will send you this beau- tiful collection. Actual value, $2.10 Collection A Tall Bearded Irises Kochii, Deep claret Mrs. G. Darwin, Pure white Violacea Grandiflora, Bright violet blue Queen of Gypsies, Dead leaf and dusky yellow Madame Chereau, White bordered blue Celeste, Pale sky blue Queen of May, soft rose Jacquesiana, Fawn and reddish violet Mirs.,Neubronner, Bright, golden yellow Write for Our New Catalogue It describes our Irises, Gladioli, Paeonies, Cannas, Hardy Phlox, Dahlias and many other plants and bulbs. It also lists all kinds of flower, field and garden seeds and some mew and rare specialties which we believe cannot be obtained through any other American Seedsman. THE WING SEED CO., Box 1426, Mechanicsburg, Ohio (The House of Quality and Moderate Prices) The Readers’ Service is prepared to help you solve your gardening problems Frepruary, 1918 erty, GARDEN MAGAZINE 5 MMMM Have Your Own Vegetable Garden | Select such varieties as are best adapted to your own wants. If you need assistance mail a postal card to FOTTLER, FISKE, RAWSON COMPANY, The Faneuil Hall Square Seed Store, Boston, Mass. Our Seed Annual will be mailed Free at once. It is complete—and yet concise and to the po nt. Full of lifelike illustrations CU, VM Wa We Especially Feature: VEGETABLE SEEDS — FARM SEEDS. Z| Implements most useful in home gardening. The best fertilizer to use. The insecticides proper to use for the destruction of the various insects. Our practical experience of over forty years in the grow- ing and caring for seeds puts us in a position to give our # customers the benefit of our long experience. V EEEEEEeEE@E@@E@@@@@ZMM Vail This Seed Annual that we mail free contains not only 60 pages devoted to Vegetable Seed but you will find over 30 pages devoted to Flower Seeds; 30 pages to Dahlia and Gladiolus with over 50 illustrations of the best varieties; and 30 pages to Roses, Perennial Plants, Shrubs, etc., as well as several pages on Poultry Supplies. This book is sent free to all who write for it—a postal will do. FOTTLER, FISKE, RAWSON COMPANY, Faneuil Hall Square, Boston, Mass. VM@@@ XM @eee@L@E@@@EEE@ EXEC @@ AMM e@/ @EECEEEEEEEEEEE EEL CMMM@@@@@@@@EE@@ @ JZ Wilda The golden reward of a century’s search. Queen of all yellow apples. The greatest fruit development since Stark Delicious—master of all red apples, was given to fruit lovers by Stark Bro’s Nurseries. : : Fruit lovers have long longed for a yellow apple combining delicious flavor, great size and young bearing, late keeping and hardy tree characteristics. “‘Golden Delicious” is the answer. Jos. Gerardi, the fruit expert, declares: “I foresee Golden Delicious the first choice of our orchards.” The branch shown at left, is a “top graft” inserted 18 months before photo was taken. In 18 months that graft grew and bore this fine crop of extra large golden fruit! Nothing equal is recorded in all our 102 years of history. This apple will prove a ‘“‘treat”’ to every family who plants it. - Learn more about it— and all Stark Bro’s Improved Varieties of Fruits. Write for 2 Books That Will Show the Way to Sure Fruit Money—FREE 1918 marks the beginning of greater-than-ever fruit profits for fruit rais~ ers. These books tell why you now face money-making opportunities! They post you on all Stark Bro’s Improved Young-Bearing Varieties of Apples, Peaches, Pears, Plums, Cherries, Berries and Grapes. Get our Special 1918 Price Offers, and Freight Prepaid Offer. Write for both to-day. tark Bro’s Nurseries Box 121 Louisiana, Mo. Farr’s Hardy Plant Specialties (sixth edition) The most complete and helpful book of hardy garden PEREN- NIALS, SHRUBS and TREES that I have ever issued. SPECIALTIES FOR EARLY SPRING PLANTING New French Lilacs, Philadelphus and Deutzias—a complete collection of Lemoine’s new creations. New Japanese and Asiatic Shrubs—new cotoneasters, enkianthus, berberis, flowering cherries, corylopsis, etc., for the border and rock garden. Dwarf Evergreens—rare specimens for formal gardens, lawn groups and rock garden plantings. Peonies—the most complete collection of herbaceous and tree peonies in the world. Irises inany, novelties of my own raising. (Awarded the Panama-Pacific Gold edal.) Perennials, phloxes, asters, delphiniums, chrysanthemums, etc., etc. This book cortaining 112 pages of text, 30 full page illustraticns (13 colored plates) is already in the hands of most well informed gardeners, but if you have not received it, or it has been mislaid, a copy will be sent to you promptly on request. BERTRAND H. FARR—Wyomissing Nurseries Co. 104 Garfield Avenue, Wyomissing, Penna. Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too Little Trees at Little Prices FOR EVERY PURPOSE from Little Tree Farms i Birthplace of Little Trees That Live Why you should buy trees and shrubs this year and why you should buy them early! = Before the war Europe supplied a large portion of the nursery stock used in America. That source of supply is now cut off. — American nurserymen have curtailed production during the past two years. Consequently there is bound to be a scarcity of planting material and prices will be correspondingly high. Be Forehanded—Save Money Buy little trees now,—plant them out for borders and edging for your vegetable garden. Employ the Little Tree Garden idea and set the trees out without additional labor; they will require practically no care; they will add beauty and charm to your vegetable plot; and they will be increasing in size and : value all the time. A Little Tree Garden on Your Property means it is always planting season with you How many times while walking about your estate have you thought ‘‘A little blue spruce would ‘brighten up’ this corner”’ or “‘A few shade trees right here would be just the place to swing a hammock this hot day,” or ‘“‘I wish that objectionable view on my neighbor’s property was screened from sight, or “‘A mass planting of Japanese Barberry with its bright red berries would be cheerful in the fall and early winter,’ or “‘A privet hedge is just what I need on the front of my property,” etc? With a Little Tree Garden you can carry out these small plantings with your own stock when the spirit moves. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE TL, mm, FEBRUARY, i] ‘cic The War-Time Flower Garden | N° one, who has an atom of joy, or sympathy, . or love of the beautiful in his make-up, will venture to classify Flowers, among the ‘‘Non- essentials.” Better another meatless or wheatless day per week than Flowerless Days all summer. — Resolve therefore to ‘Grow Flowers as Usual’’—to grow Asters and Sweet Peas, and Cosmos, and Nasturtiums and all the other old time favorites. Grow them for the table and living rooms to brighten somber days: grow them to give joy to the heart on festal occasions: grow them to carry messages of love and sympathy to those who are sick or sorrowful and need their cheery companionship: and grow them for inspiration, for mental relaxation, for health-giving exercise. Heatherhome Flower Seeds have proved a revelation to American Gardeners. We have in past years developed many wonderful creations that have never yet been equalled. This year we again have several marvelous novelties that all garden lovers should grow and enjoy. In order that every reader of this magazine may obtain these choice beauties and thus become intimately acquainted with Sample Bargain Combination for Little Tree Garden 52 PLANTS FOR $18.00 This combination is comprised of eleven very desirable species for American planting—all American-born and American-grown. Below are listed the varieties, sizes and quantities of each that make up the combination. 5 Silver (Concolor) Fir 1; to 2 feet tall 2 Juniper; Red Cedar 2 to3 feet tall 5 White Spruce to 1} feet tall 5 Blue (Colorado) Spruce to 1} feet tall 5 Red (Norway) Pine to 1} feet tall 5 Douglas Spruce (Fir) to 1} feet tall 5 Arborvitae (White Cedar) to 14 feet tall 5 Sugar (Rock) Maple to 6 feet tall 5 Red Oak to 3 feet tall 5 Japanese Barberry.. iets to 1} feet tall 5 Regel’s Privet to 3 feet tall 52 Plants for only $18.00 This high quality stock has been twice transplanted and root-pruned. These prices include packing and delivery to the transportation company at Farmingham, Mass. 2 of these combinations—105 plants—for $ 34.00 10 of these combinations—525 plants—for 125.00 the surpassing merits of Heatherhome Seeds, we make the following unusually liberal and attractive offer: ' Send Us One Dollar and we will forward post-paid the following Heatherhome Collection of New Creations for 1918: If bought separately, these seeds would cost $1.35. 1 large packet American Beauty Aster—a magnificent new variety of the late branching type. An unusually strong grower, with enormous blossoms ofa rich deep pink, the exact color of the American Beauty Rose. Regular price 20c. 1 large packet offour new Midsummer Giant Crimson Cosmos, blooming from July to Frost. Flowers fully as large as the late sort and of a clear glowing crimson. Regular price 25c. 1 ounce Sweet Peas, ‘‘Heatherhome Beauties.’’ Not a mixture, but a blend of 120 distinct varieties grown separately—Includes all the latest novelties of merit: Regular price 25c. 1 large packet of the lovely Nelrose Snapdragon, with delicate pink flowers, of the same shade as the Hermosa Rose. Plants semi-dwarf: bloom from July to Frost. Regular price 25c. 1 large packet of the new and striking Calendula, Orange Glory—color a really glorious shade of brilliant golden orange. Blooms from July to November. Regular price 15c. 1 large packet of our special strain of Jumbo Zinnias: Monster flowers 4 inches in diameter in white, pink, gold, scarlet and crimson. Regular price I0c. Special Inducement—With orders received befare March Ist, 1918, we will include free, a large packet of our charming new Dianthus, Send to-day for our new 1918 illustrated tree catalogue in which are listed twenty million forest, shade and ornamental trees. Write for information; tell us under what conditions you wish to plant. We will help you select the trees and shrubs best suited to your conditions and your objects. Your letter making specific inquiry incurs no obligation and will have careful and prompt attention. Little Cree Harms (NEAR BOSTON) NURSERIES OF American Forestry Company Division A, 15 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. ‘nici Pink Delight, the latest and loveliest variety of the popular Japanese Royal Pinks. ; Our 1918 Catalogue is Ready We have called it “The War-Time Flower Garden.” It lists nothing that is not well worth growing: all undesirables have been discarded. Yet it covers everything in Seeds, Plants and Bulbs, that is essential to the perfect garden. Shall we mail you a copy? Let us know quickly, as stocks particularly of European-grown special- ties, are limited and you must order early to avoid disappointment. Seed and Nursery Company . 258 Fifth Avenue New York City | = 0000000000000 The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Nursery Stock, ete. Freprvuary, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE q MAGAZINE AN Earty Start - Herbert Brown PAGE Amonc OuR GARDEN NEIGHBORS- - - - - - 9 Facts About the Seed Supply—Flower Gardening in War Times—The Sinews of War—Hastening Germina- tion of Hard Seeds—Help! Help! Rhododendron Color —Urge Daylight ‘“Using’—Here It Is Again—Winter Protection for Biennials—Canterbury Bells and Fox- gloves in Winter—Grafting Cactus. Tar Monta’s REMINDER - - - - - - - - 12 GarvDEN “Movies” No. 2 W.C. McCollom and A. Kruhm 13 SIMPLE CHAT FOR THE BEGINNER - - - - - - 14 EARLY PLANTS FOR THE PayiInc GARDEN Photographs by W. C. McCollom F.F. Rockwell 15 ans PATRIORICIGARDEN =) 20 =) =) =) = == = 16 PLANNING TO SET OuT Fruit TREES- - - - - 16° Photographs by Frederick Rutter and Wm. H. Sanford THE CHRONICLE OF A 1917 WAR GARDEN Nie Raphael Semmes Payne 18 Photographs by the author Rage aPel sos saso5 505 55 5 1G Photograph by J. C. Alle GARDENING ON A ‘‘MACHINE-TO-WIN-THE-WAR”’ Basis - - - - - - - - - - A. Kruhm 20 Illustrated by Photographs Two CHINESE DrEutTziIAs OF MERIT H. Horace McFarland 21 Photographs by J. Horace McFarland Company ORIGIN OF SOME Hysrips OF DEUTZIA Alfred Rehder 22 CoMBINING BEAUTY AND COMFORT WITH STERN CovER DESIGN: Utinity - - - - - - Stephen F. Hamblin 23 Plans by the author SWEET PEAS AND SNAPDRAGONS - - G.W. Kerr 25 Photographs by the author LAYING THE BUGABOO OF DISEASE W. 4H. Rankin 28 Maps by the author THE LEAF BLISTER MITE ON PEAR AND APPLE FOLIAGE - - - - - - - = - = = = = 29 Wuat Kinp of Sor Have You Gor? (Photographs by the author) A. E. Wilkinson 30 CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT—SOWING FOR SUMMER Flowers - - - - - - - John Y. Beaty 32 For tHe SOUTH -'= = = - = = = = - - 34 CiuB AND Socrety NEws - - - - - - - - 38 War GARDEN EXPERIENCES AND WISDOM - - - 38 EVERBEARING STRAWBERRIES FOR THE FIRST FRUITLESS SUMMER - - - - - - H.A.M. 40 A YELLOW GARDEN - - - - - - M.C.K. 42 Tur New Japanese ArticHoxes £. I. Farrington 46 DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF Beans LE. S. Johnson 46 REMEMBERING Our Native Nuts Archibald Rutledge 50 Maxine A Lirtte Go a Lonc Way - A.H.M. 52 Tue ART OF SOWING SEED - - - - - - - - 54 TREES AND SHRUBS - - - - - Wm.H.Judd 56 LEONARD BARRON, EpiTor Published Monthly, 25c. a copy. Subscription, Two Dollars a Year. For Canada, $2.35; Foreign Countries, $2.65. COPYRIGHT, 1918, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY GARDEN CITY, N. Y. Cxicaco: Peoples Gas Bldg. Boston: Tremont Bldg. Los ANGELES: 412 W. 6th St. New York: 120 W. 32nd St., F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President - ARTHUR W. PAGE. S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer HERBERT S. HOUSTON, RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY, Vice-Presidents Secretary Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 This house of Miss L. R. Edgar’s at Newport, R. I., is radically different from the one below GREENHOUSES A Vital Point You Might Overlook OOKING casually over the fence at a neigh- bor’s greenhouse, it may seem to you quite like many others you have seen. But should you take the time to compare the kind we build, with other builds, you would be surprised at the difference. If you would then go a step fartherand accept an invitation to visit some of our houses, with one of our experts, you would be still more surprised at the additional differing features of importance he would point out. With greenhouses, quite like anything else you buy, it’s not what you pay for it that is the im- portant thing—but what you get for what you pay. Will you accept an invitation to visit some of our house=? Do you want the new catalogue? General Offices and Factory—Elizabeth, N. J. NEW YORK BOSTON 1170 Broadway Tremont" Building Aside from its larger size and different work room, this one looks practically the same as the one above. Both are our houses. Still, one of them is better than the other. Which would you say is the best? Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too THE GARDEN MAGAZINE FEBRUARY, 1918 ini Euonymus radicans vegetus. The Best Evergreen Vine for America Is ivy the best vine in the world? Doubtless every Englishman will cry “Yes!” because the European or English ivy (Hedera Helix) is the oldest evergreen vine in cultivation and has made the deepest impression in liter- ature, art and history. But if your standard is merit, not associations, there is another vine which seems to me inherently better, viz., the Climbing Euonymus, or, as I now propose to call it, the ““Evergreen Bittersweet.” True, the form of its leaf is not unique, like that of ivy, but it has one over- whelming advantage in its gorgeous red berries, which are resplendent all winter against a noble background of evergreen foliage. And in many other ways it has greater value than ivy, even in regions where the ivy is hardy. The accompanying picture gives but a faint hint of the five-fold glories of the Evergreen Bittersweet. In the first place, it is evergreen, and there- fore has an obvious advantage, over deciduous vines in being beautiful 365 days of the year, instead of two weeks or seven months. Secondly, it is very accommodating as to soils, climate, exposures; is easy to grow; and will trail over the ground or climb to the noble height of 30 feet. Thirdly, it has an immense advantage over ivy, in being much hardier, growing 20°feet high in New England where ivy can be grown only as a ground-cover. Fourthly, its superb red fruits, which closely resemble those of our common wild bittersweet, seem divinely appointed to redeem our American: winters from their bleak, ugly and cheerless moods. And, fifthly, it promises to develop a strong American character, becoming universal and dear to the American heart. If I had a million dollars to ELLIOT NURSERY CO. A spare I should like to plant an Evergreen Bittersweet against every stone, brick and concrete wall in America. The effect would be electrical, for it would add 100 per cent. to the beauty of America. And it would only be anticipating by a hundred years what will surely happen, for it is hardly possible that the world holds any plant with greater power to transform a house into a home. As in England every home and every church is enriched, dignified and ennobled by ivy, so every American home will come to be connected so closely with the Evergreen Bittersweet that it will be impossible to think of one without the other.—Wilhelm Miller, in Taz GarpEn Maca- ZINE, November, 1912. We have known for several years of the great merit of the vine, Euonymus radicans vegetus, so enthusiastically described by Professor Miller, and have been steadily getting up a large stock of it, and now have several thousand plants. It is a sport from Euonymus radicans, but absolutely distinct from that vine. Planted in rows and kept sheared this vine makes a splendid evergreen hedge. It is also a splendid ground cover plant for either sun or shade. Perfectly hardy, but when planted in the fall should be protected with a mulching of three inches of stable manure, being careful not to cover the evergreen foliage. Very slow growing at first, but when well established grows with great vigor. Small pot-plants, 30 cents each, $2.50 per dozen, $20.00 per 100. Strong pot-plants, 50 cents each, $5.00 per dozen, $35.00 per hundred. Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue for 1918 is now ready and will be sent free on request. It contains the most comprehensive list of trees, shrubs, Hardy plants, and seeds offered in America including many choice things not obtainable elsewhere. 326 Sixth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. ih ww TTTwwwj it The Readers’ Service will give you suggestions for the care and purchase of cats and dogs and other pets TANT ce mM The Garden Magazine VoLuME XX VII FEBRUARY, 1918 NumsBer 1 Facts About the Seed Supply ELIEF in seeds for the coming gardening season has seemingly caught those of the general public who are not in a an assumed scarcity of position to get at the actual facts. Inquiries from readers led us to make an investigation on their behalf, and we are able to present the following positive details: A normal supply of all important kinds of vegetable seeds is on hand, though crops of certain varieties were severe failures. How- ever, in view of the fact that the demand promises to be abnormal, against a supply that is just about normal, it behooves every one to husband resources. Seed shortages, due to very poor crops, are particularly severe in beans, peas, corn, and tomatoes; the shortage, however, does not affect all types alike. For illustration: California contributes a full supply of lima beans and pole snap sorts. Among bush beans, the green-podded kinds are more abundant than most wax-podded. kinds. Again, a few wax-podded sorts have yielded better crops than others. It becomes neces- sary, therefore, on the part of the buyer to more thoroughly study types rather than varieties merely as was advocated at length in last month’s GARDEN MaGazinE (page 197). How the selection of types rather than varieties may be made to affect your seed order is shown by the case of the dwarf peas. Seeds of Little Marvel, a most popular variety, are exceedingly scarce; yet Nott’s Excelsior and Sutton’s Excelsior, of the same habit of growth (type) are abundant. The relative valuation, or prices put upon the different sorts by the dealers, may be taken as a fair indication of how stocks stand. The patriotic gardener will let careful consideration of all factors determine the details of his order. As regards the particular kinds of vegetables mentioned above, good care should be exercised to hold every seed to strict account- ability. Remember that a “packet” of tomato seeds contains between 300 and 40c seeds. Since the vitality of tomato seeds is very strong for many years, don’t waste any. Neither waste corn nor beans by premature sowing of seeds in cold ground. If extra early crops are wanted, start seeds in paper pots in the house and transplant. A supply of seeds that promises to be equal to any demand is on hand of beets, cabbage, carrots, kohlrabi, parsnips, turnips and other root or winter crops suitable for storing. These are the very kind of crops of which more should be grown, for the sake of the economic strength of America. Every vege- table available between Thanksgiving and Decoration Day is worth two or more gathered for consumption during the summer months. The flower seed situation is in very much better condition than it was a year ago. Separate colors of the rarer among popular annuals which were then almost out of the market, now reach us from England in sufficient quantities to meet all demands. California is contributing her normal share of Poppies, Nasturtiums, Sweet Peas, etc., etc. For such seeds as the Golden State is able to grow in quantity, California has become the supply house of the world and we are therefore able to tap the supply at its source! In Colorado the flower seed industry has developed marvelously, too. The seed- growing sections of Ohio, Michigan, New York, etc., have contributed their due quota of nearly all ower seeds in usual demand for beautifying home gardens throughout the country. The gardener will, of course, be reasonable in his expectation of results from seeds sown and not be unduly exacting over possible variations of behavior among either vegetable or flower seeds. The seed world finds itself in an absolutely unparalleled condition. Many of Europe’s seed growers are in the trenches; many of America’s seed growers have lost their most skilled help. In an endeavor to make up for crop shortages of 1916, farmers new to the fine details were persuaded to enter the ranks of seed growers and do a new thing in 1917. The crops were harvested with all possible precaution; yet, the most enthusi- astic seedsmen this year preach conservatism in expectation which, even in normal times, is often allowed to run away from good judg- ment. Flower Gardening in War Times HOSE of us who must remain at home owe as a duty to those others at the front that we live sane and calm lives, thus enabling us to render to them our fullest meas- ure of service. Calmness and sanity are products of natural 9 living. To be effective in troublous times means that we must hold to those things of lite which bring contentment and restoration of spirit. The Maker placed Adam and Eve in a garden. Presumably it was His intention that a garden should furnish the greatest happiness and the loveliest surroundings in this life. We who love gardens have reason to be thankful. Gardening is a relaxation. The refining and soothing effects of digging in a garden are the more keenly to be appreciated in war times because it is the very antithesis of the stress and turmoil of the cannon and the strife of battle. Nature’s wholesome breath is like a benediction. We who make gardening our hobby are glad of the broadened ap- preciation of our hobby brought about by the Government’s urging the people to plant gardens. We are proud, too, because of the happiness and contentment our new found co-workers have discovered in growing things. The fact that our brothers are ‘‘over there”’ is no reason why we should demand that the sun stop shining, that the beauties of Nature cease to be, or that the songs of birds be stilled. Flower gardening is just as useful in these war times as vegetable gardening. Flowers are food for the soul, stabilizers of the emotions. More than ever do we need these things now—these signs of the Maker’s goodness and love—these “triumphant as- sertions that a ray of beauty outvalues all the utilities of man.” It is correct and proper that we in these times plant flowers and grow beautiful things. It was intended from the beginning of things that flowers should give us cheerfulness. Was there ever a time of more need for cheerfulness than in these days when so much is happen- ing to unsettle our thoughts? Grow flowers! Grow more flowers! Grow still more flowers! The Sinews of War HE nation’s need in the conduct of the war necessitates the support of each indi- vidual. There can be no exceptions. The resent business of the United States is WAR. if t can be won only by the united and contin- uous cooperation of every man, woman, and child. Besides devoting energy to the produc- tion of food materials, the people are called 10 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Frespruarz, 1918 upon individually to lend their money. Two loans have already been absorbed. ‘The third, which will probably be greater than the others, is not far distant. The money must be contributed by concerted effort of all the people consecrated to the great task which lies before us. Those soldiers and sailors of our families who are rendering sacrificial personal service must be supported by the others who can only give or lend of their material posses- sions. A matter demanding immediate atten- tion is the Income Tax return. This must be made(before March r)to the proper authorities by every individual whose income in any way whatever exceeds $1,000 a year. Hastening Germination of Hard Seeds.— Many seeds such as Canna, Kentucky Coffee tree, hardy Locust, and to a less extent Sweet Pea, are very slow to germinate because of the bony coverings around their “kernels,” Many a Moonflower, Wild Cucumber and Abyssinian Banana seed have I filed, cut or soaked in boiling water to hasten germination. While the holes admit water and thus are satisfactory the process is too slow; and while the hot water is a quick and easy way of treating a lot of seed at a time it does not prove as effective as could be desired. A year or so ago a friend who had heard of the use of sulphuric acid for the treatment of cotton, alfalfa and clover seeds, which are often “hard,” tried some experiments with the boniest seeds he could get at the time— those of the Kentucky Coffee tree. These seeds had lain beneath the parent tree from the previous fall more or less covered and thus kept moist by leaves and leaf mold. Not one had shown the slightest inclination to swell, much less sprout. They were placed in a convenient sized beaker glass and covered with concentrated sulphuric acid (specific gravity 1.84, the strongest obtain- able). They were left in contact with the acid for one hour, when the acid was drained off and the seed washed free from acid with water. Next they were planted (July 15) in flower pots filled with ordinary good soil and the pots plunged rim deep in a shady, moist place. Untreated seeds were similarly Treating the seed with strong sulphuric acid resulted in this development in forty-one days, when untreated seed had not swelled planted, but up to the time that the photograph of the successful ones was taken forty-one days later (August 25) not one had sprouted. Considering the extreme slowness of this plant the growth of about six inches of stem and a spread of nearly a foot is surely remarkable. Other hard seeds have also been experimented with. In the case of Sweet Clover (Melilot) and other seeds of similar size and charac- ter a treatment of 30 minutes has been found to give satisfactory results. He has also tried the plan with Sweet Pea seed and thereby has increased the germination by 25 per cent. From these data he believes that any seeds that have hard coats may be benefited by such treat- ment. The ‘‘acid method,” while not so strongly practised by nature, is nevertheless utilized; for the seed coats of many fruits are softened by the natural acids produced by, or at least allowed to act upon, the pulp if the fruit decays on the ground protected by leaves, or when they pass through the di- gestive apparatus of animals or birds, thus coming in contact with the hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Doubtless the fruity coverings of peach, cherry, and plum pits; of apple, pear and quince seeds; the pods of Honey Locust and Kentucky Coffee trees not only tend to keep the seeds from drying but they aid germination by adding more or less acid as they decay.—M. G. Kains. Help! Help! Rhododendron Color. [ would like help with some Rhododendrons as to color for I find that no two catalogues agree as to just what the color is. I wish to make a clump containing red, another clump containing pink, another clump containing white and a fourth clump containing purple, lavender and violet varieties. There is so much magneta in many of the Rhododendrons that clashes with most other colors, that it almost requires an expert to separate these so there will be no clashing of colors and if you can yourself or get some expert to ar- range in four clumps as indicated above, the varieties listed herewith Mad. Smits Henrietta Sargent Ignatius Sargent (The Boss) Lady Armstrong Mrs. Charles Sargent Caractacus Roseum Elegans Catawbiense Grandiflorum Alexander Dancer Atrosanguineum Charles Dickens H. H. Honeywell H. W. Sargent Album Elegans Boule de Neige Catawbiense Album Everestianum it would be greatly appreciated... FE. Davis, Jr., Conn. [Now then, let the colorists speak out in meeting.—£d.| Urge Daylight “Using.”—If the Daylight Saving Bill passes the House, as it has already passed the Senate, it will give an hour's time of daylight during the spring and summer months to those who now arrive at home too late in order to take any active part in garden development. Twelve Euro- ean countries have availed themselves of the Eeeene of this act. The reports are uniformly commendatory. It would be the height of folly for us not to secure similar advantage. We would save a million tons of coal, increase our farm product tremendously, have greater opportunity for recreation and _ physical culture, as well as sports. Labor and capital unite in support of the Daylight Saving Bill and with proper public approval, it should pass the House within a few weeks. I hope that THe Garpen MacazineE readers will take an active part in pushing the bill. If each man and woman, who would like to have an extra hour during the spring and summer afternoons to spend in the garden, would write to his or her Congressman and Senator, the effect would be unques- tionable-— Marcus M. Marks., Presi- dent, National Day- light Saving Associ- ation. —The short note in the January issue of THE Gar- DEN MaGazINE-on Daylight Saving is very timely. As an interested reader, let me urge you to hammer away on this cam- paign. Let us have. something on the question of Day- light Saving in every issue of the magazine until Congress has made this a reality.— Fred. L. Merritt, Mass. Is this plant doing double —We thank very many readers for their similarly ex- pressed views. Tell your Senators and Congressmen what you want.—Lditor. Here jit Is Again,the “pomato” or “topato” (or anything you chose to call it), the ever-recurring curiosity of a tomato vine grafted on a potato stalk. While it is fre- quently hailed (in yellow journalism) as a wonderful achievement, it is really the most logical union of two closely related plants. The potato, Solanum tuberosum, has the same blood running in its veins as the tomato, Solanum lycopersicum. The arrow points to the “graft,” as performed by the well- known “‘true blue” tomato crank, my friend, Robert Livingston. He had the box built especially with a removable side, which could be taken out and replaced without disturbing the whole ball of earth. Whether or not the combination—culture of the two vegetables as one—can be made so profitable as to be practical, has so far defied the analysis of experts, I think.—Z. K. work? Tomato grafted on potato bearing fruits and tubers at the same time Winter Protection for Biennials.—Many growers still labor under the delusion that winter mulchings are given with the idea of keeping plants warm. In some cases it is true they are applied to keep frost from the roots of certain shrubs, but in the case of hardy perennials, bulbs, strawberries and biennials the mulch is designed rather to keep frost in and prevent the ground from being heaved when thaws occur in late winter or early spring. And I always like to wait until December or January before FEBRUARY, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 11 KNOCK DOWN FRAME FOR STARTING SEEDS Can be set up in a few minutes and placed wherever convenient. describes the detail thus: Mr. J. Hayward of Hackensack, N. J., The base or floor on which the frame rests and the door, are made of T & G roofers—the cheapest kind of lumber. The floor is 3’-6’ by 6-6” on which is placed 1” by 1” strips in which the 2’ by 3’ cellar sash fit. The back is a solid door made of the same material as the floor. used to make the front and one for each end. Two are Over the top is placed an ordinary 3’ by 6’ cold frame sash which completely closes in the frame. The frame is ventilated by leaving the door open or raising the top. ‘ The idea of making the sides 2 feet high is to accommodate high plants—if only small plants are to be grown sash 12 inches high could be used in place of the 2 foot sash applying any covering to such plants as Canterbury Bells, Foxgloves, Rockets, Coreo- psis grandiflora, Hollyhocks, Double Daisies, Violas of the bedding type, Pansies, Sweet Williams and Forget-me-nots, all of which are usually treated as biennials, although some are perennials. If given well drained ground, not mulched until the ground is very hard frozen and then lightly covered with dry leaves, stems or hay which can be conveniently and neatly held in position with some de- cayed manure or even loam spread with a fork, applying just enough to hold the cover- ing from blowing away, there should be very few losses even though minimum temperatures of 15°—25° below zero are recorded. The main reason why so many fail to successfully winter the plantsnamed is that too much cover- ing is applied, and while the ground is soft. We rarely lose any plants here, but we always mulch late and then lightly.—/W.. N. C., Mass. Canterbury Bells and Foxgloves in Winter. May I enter a protest against the malignment of Canterbury Bells and Foxgloves as to their hardiness? (See November issue, page 119.) We have very severe weather in Michigan, sometimes, as last winter, the temperature going to 27 degrees below zero and that, too, with only two inches of snow for protection. My Foxgloves went through perfectly. The Canterbury Bells not so well, but it was entirely my own fault, as they were planted too late in the season to get a good start and so did not have the constitution for such a trial. The covering, particularly manure, that is loaded upon plants to keep them “warm” during the winter, is almost en- tirely the cause of the loss of plants. All plants that retain their foliage during the winter must “‘breathe.’ In other words, the crown must be left open. I have found corn stalks and leaves ideal covering for such plants, using the leaves on the ground around the plant and the corn stalks over them, to give the air a chance to circulate. If there is an ice storm during the winter, that is, rain and freeze, forming a sheet of ice over everything, I go out and walk all through my borders to break the ice up and let the air in or they will soon smother. And I have very little loss during the winter. Another thing an old gardener told me several years ago was to remove the larger outside leaves of Foxglove in the Fall as they mat together and decay. I have found many plants supposed to need protection to be perfectly hardy under proper conditions. All plants want is a congenial environment. Quite often a plant will die out in one position and flourish in another in the same garden. Which proves soil and position to be much more important than climate. [With which deduction we are most cordially in accord—Ed.]—Mrs. H. W. Wolcott, Jackson, Mich. . Apple scald of green and ripe fruit in storage can be easily prevented by an oc- casional renewal of the air of the storage room, according to a discovery of the United States Department of Agriculture, just reported. The basis of the discovery is the fact that apples are living organisms which breathe and, like other living things, have ventilation requirements which if not met lead to smother- ing. The lack of air movement in the storage rooms, and the depositing of moisture on the fruit, are factors that may play a part in the production of scald. The experiments indi- cate that high humidities may be maintained in storage without the development of scald, and prove conclusively that an occasional renewal of the air of the storage room will completely prevent the disease. Scalded fruit is more mealy and poorer in flavor than un- scalded and js also extremely susceptible to storage rots. Scald increased with an in- crease in temperature from 41 degrees F. to 68 degrees F. but higher temperatures were unfavorable to the disease and with certain varieties such as Grimes Golden 32 degrees F. was more favorable to the develop- ment of the disease than 41 degrees F. Grafting Cactus.—Many of the pendulous Cactus, such as certain kinds of Cereus and Epiphyllum, do much better when they are raised up well above the soil. For this purpose grafting is employed, and it is simplicity itself. In this way good-sized specimens, that will flower freely, are readily produced. The stock on to which the graft is to be made would suitably be one of the upright species of Cereus or Pereskia; naturally this should be well rooted. For the making of a graft it is best to choose the period of most vigorous growth, that is in the spring. The graft may be of a good size as can be seen in the photo- graph. The parts which are to be joined must be cut cleanly so that there is a good fit. The lower part of the graft is fashioned in the form of a wedge, and this is fitted into the opening in the stock. Bind the joint around with rafha or similar material firmly, but not too tightly, or the flow of sap will be checked. A position away from the sun should be accorded to the newly grafted plant, and the union will come about all the more quickly if a close atmosphere is main- tained. Very little water is given to the soil until the union of the two parts is complete, and the graft is seen to be growing. In the case of a tall stock it is possible to graft two different kinds of Cactus, and, in this way, form a very novel plant that bears distinct sorts of flowers.—S. Leonard Bastin. To increase France’s crops and to lighten the burden of toil on her eld men, women and children, the United States Food Adminis- tration will ship 1,500 farm tractors to that country. The first hundred went early in January, and the whole number will be in France by March, in time for the spring plowing. They are expected not only to be of immense service to France, but to release added tonnage for the Allies and American troops by increasing the amount of food - produced there, thus decreasing the amount of food that must be shipped from America. The idea originated with former American Ambassador to Turkey Henry Mor- genthau and his son, Henry Morgenthau, Jr. Grafting Cactus is particularly easy as the parts do not dry out 2 THE MONTH’S REMINDER, FEBRUARY 1918 The purpose of the Reminder is to call to your attention the things which should be thought about or done during the next few weeks. For full details as to how to do the different things suggested, see the current or back issues of THE GarpEN Macazine. (An index of contents is prepared for each completed volume, and is sent gratis on request, the Readers’ Service Department will also cite references on any special topic if asked—that’s its job.) To get the full benefit of this “Reminder,” check off with a pencil (v) in the square provided for that purpose before each paragraph, the items that apply to your own case, and use the page as a reference list. HIS is the last chance to be fully | prepared for your war garden cam- paign—act! It is pretty wintry yet; but work must begin in earnest before the end of this month, if things are to be comfortably under control later. : Before work, PREPARATION! Are you prepared? Have you done up to date every- thing there is to be done, to be ready for the year’s work? Look over last month’s Reminder. Check up. Order at once what you haven’t ordered and may need. Stocks are short in some cases —help is short—railroads are short—every- thing makes for delay in getting seeds and supplies through this spring. Order now! But order intelligently. Remember to study types rather than varieties and help the seeds- man by giving him leeway with your order so far as possible. Read carefully the editorial on page 9. In the Garden LANS complete? If not, get busy. First steps in actual work can’t be taken profitably until you know all that you expect to do. Order at once: Early cabbage, beets, lettuce, kohlrabi, cauliflower, onions—sow these in the first batch. Tomatoes, peppers, celery—in the second. Lima beans, melons, corn, squash, in paper pots, in the third. Be sure to have seeds, soil, flats, pots, etc., on hand before actually needed. (1) Manure. Nothing to be gained by waiting. Sooner it’s on the premises now the better. Think now of all the little garden helps you'll have use for later—plant forcers, plant stakes, trellises, stakes to hold pea-wire, row markers, wire tree protectors, lath, Sweet-Pea supports, etc., etc. In the Flower Garden [Vf 4AKE up your mind! What flowers are you going to want this year? Don’t do the old stunt of waiting until the 29th of May, and then getting what you can find left over at the local florist’s. () Buy your Sweet Peas early—and then start them early under glass. Get small pots —paper are the best for this purpose. About two inches in diameter and very deep. Two or three seeds to a pot, thinned to one plant. Little twigs will keep them upright. Grow cool; and harden off thoroughly. L] Now is the time to make changes for the better—in your mind’s eye, and noted on paper. Do the work later on. (J Phlox lagging?—small flowers and few, weak plants? Probably been in too long; need new soil and more room. Change ’em early to get good bloom this season. In the Greenhouse Mest important work for this month is starting seeds for vegetable and flower gardens. First vegetables go in early this month. This is earlier than they are usually planted; but give them plenty of room and grow them cool and slow. To get the very best plants (vegetable or flowers), grow them in individual paper pots or dirt bands. The latter are merely strips en of paper, placed in a flat to hold them in place, which confine the roots of each plant so that when taken out they are not injured in the least: L] Start cuttings for spring bedding plants. New growth of wood (as result of getting stock plants into active growth—see last month’s Reminder) should furnish good supply now. Get fresh clean sand; medium coarse, such as used for concrete work by builders. Clean out cutting bed, and spray with good fungicide; whitewash; be sure that bottom and supports are strong as moist sand is very heavy; put in fresh drainage material to avoid possibility of disease; press down, water thoroughly; and ready for cuttings. Use only wood in good condition; too old or too soft will not give sure results; should “snap” when bent between fingers if in proper condition. (] Overhaul stored roots of Cannas, Dahlias, etc., at once. Discard any injured. Get moss and deep flats in which to “start” them toward end of month; cover roots with moss, »keep moderately moist, and warm (under bench, near heating pipes). As soon as eyes or buds have begun growth, they can be potted up. L} Sow now for bloom inside Stocks, Mignonette, and other quick flowering an- nuals that may be wanted. L] Take heed now for Easter. Plants to be “forced” want starting now. Azalea, Lilacs, Roses, for “baskets”? and trellises; Acacias, Deutzias, etc., are adapted for this purpose. Start in moderate heat—45 to 50 degrees night; increase gradually to 60 degrees; hold about there unless season is backward and they have to be rushed the last few days to come in for Easter (i.e. March 31st). General Orders RESTART old bulbs. Callas, Amaryllis, Gloxinias, Tuberous Begonias, etc., held over for rest period, are ready for start- ing now. Knock out of old pots; shake off soil; put in fresh soil or compost—plenty of sand and old manure—water sparingly and keep moderately cool till growth starts; then bring along rapidly. L] Repotting time. Now is the time to go over all benches in the houses. Discard old plants that are just wasting room. Repot and retub large plants; make general clean up, and “reorganizing”; get all empty bench space possible for new plants and potted cuttings that will be coming along next month. Provide space where possible under benches on sunny side of house for potted bulbs, cuttings in thumb pots, and other things which will not require head room for a few weeks. Clean house in general for the big spring rush! Fumigate and spray now! Just before the new stock comes on, make a special drive against all insects and diseases. LJ] Vegetables for growth indoors—repot to maintain active growth, and set out in _ per- manent positions, as soon as ready, cukes or tomatoes, or melons started last month for growth inside. If to be grown in solid beds, bottom heat may be given. (J Make sowing of beets, lettuce, cauli- flower, beans, etc., for crop in greenhouse 12 and frames. Cauliflower may be carried along in pots inside until half grown, then set in frames. (] Start vegetable roots. Asparagus, rhu- barb, Witloof, seakale, etc., available. They force readily now. Time now to buy new stock. Get plants while they are small at a quarter or so what they would cost you in May. Grow them on yourself. Do you know the newer Geraniums, * for instance? In the Frames "TIME now to get out the hotbed ! It will ™ take ten days to two weeks from time you get manure until seeds can be planted. L] Not too late yet to get a “miniature” greenhouse, or grown-up frame with lamp heating apparatus, to start this year’s plants and have extra early vegetables. L] Once again—are your old sash all fixed up tight? Last time we're going to warn you about this! L} Get coldframes ready soon as possible. Even if you have greenhouse or heated frames to start seeds in. Get sash on cold frames, and keep snow off at all times, to get ground thawed and warmed up ready for plants or planting. Lettuce, beets, etc., can go in as soon as ground is ready to dig. Beans can go in the hotbed now, but not in cold- frame until the ground is really warmed up. Use a frame variety. Small Fruits OOK over the mulch on_ strawberries and see that it is ‘“down”’ properly. (] If you haven’t yet been over cane fruit prune out now, down to the ground, all the old canes that fruited last year. Leave only the strongest of the new canes. The Lawn , Ne much work now; but an ounce of prevention—see to it that no coal carts or heavy autos get on to your lawn, or back up on to the edges of it in turning round. Remember, too, that there will be work to do on the lawn later. (] Order now the things you will need— | seed, humus, bone meal, sod-perforator, mower, and roller if your lawn 1s a large one. The Orchard ONT put off pruning and dormant spraying that should be done now. 1] Get a stock of “whips” or “buds,” of some of the new varieties of apples to add to your orchard. (You may not have room for more trees, but you have for a few ad- ditional limbs.) Keep them on sand in the cellar, or in sawdust in the icehouse—cool and moist enough to prevent shriveling. Plants in the House Sikes regularly to keep plants perfectly clean. L) Cut back and feed up old plants now, to get material for cuttings next month. L) Start Oxalis, Gladiolus, Amaryllis and other bulbs for late spring bloom. Don’t use any sweet oil, coffee grounds, or other decotions on your potted plants. Prune back; repot if necessary; add a little bone meal; and water carefully. No other tonic needed. The WHEEL COMBINATION tool has manifold advantages and is the greatest labor saving invention ever given to the gardener. It is pushed ahead by a series of short strokes. Plant your gardenona Use the DRAW HOE, held half-side- space unit so one adjustment will suit generally. Equipment includes hoes, rakes, plows, and some- The SCUFFLE or DUTCH HOE is ways to make drills and to stir soil times a seeder Y ‘ the hoe for cutting down weeds. around plants You push it along THE GARDENER WHO MEANS BUSINESS. YOU CAN ALSO SEE HOW TO HANDLE THEM EFFECTIVELY (AND THAT’S QUITE IMPORTANT) BY STUDYING THESE PICTURES You Cannot make a straight drill without a GARDEN LINE. Most beginners don’t realize its importance for cleaning up weeds, etc., take an IRON RAKE. The WOODEN RAKE is the better smoothing tool There are trowels and TROWELS. For trans- planting the long,.slim, angular article will work without disturbance to neighbor plants. This is important (Photos by W.C. McCollom and A. Kruhm) Do you really know For ground in work- how to dig? Most be- able condition the ginners place the right SPADING FORK js a far hand too high and fail better tool than a to thrust the blade spade, breaking up deeply and worse still the soil masses, and scoop the surface in- permitting work on stead of plunging al- wettish land in spring most perpendicularly. that would cake un- Use the SPADE (not der the solid, flat shovel) for turning mass of the spade, new ground Keep nearly upright 18 Simple Talk for the Beginner THE TOOLS YOU REALLY NEED AND HOW TO USE THEM—CHAT ON PLANT FOOD HE novice who intends having a “war garden” as a patriotic duty, will be well advised to confine his efforts to as few kinds of vegetables as possible. The common mistake with the beginner is too much variety which means greater effort. In. the normal home garden we must have variety, but war garden efforts should be reduced to a_ severely practical basis. A garden begun with moder- ate ideals and carried to a successful con- clusion is a better contribution to the “win the war’ movement than one of greater ambition that does not “land.” Now is the time for the big offensive to begin: get the manure hauled into the garden—it im- proves with age, and will pay just as good a dividend as your Liberty Bonds—get brush ready for peas. For remember the dwarf varieties are not just as good as the tall ones, on a basis of production. Bean poles should be made ready, the ends sharpened and tarred or partially burned to help preserve them. Fertilizers should be ordered and got under cover as quickly as possible. Deliveries are slow this spring and don’t blame your dealer later on if you don’t get your supply on time. The beginner will be well advised to order fruit trees, cane fruits, strawberry plants, asparagus and rhubarb roots now while there - is some leisure, because it 1s much easier to determine varieties and quantities now than it will be at planting time in April. The Tools You Will Use \ X JHILE good tools do not of necessity make good gardens, they are a material help. It is really the muscle behind the tools that gives results. Those actually need- ed in the home garden can almost be listed on the fingers of one hand—spade, or 5 Or pO APPLE on te Rae fy tao ee | ea B aaa? Oe" 10 : aon oral seems eo alli Gg sis ce: 10>) Sean Nee CIDAZ | CROQUET LAWN vELLOW 6 9 CLOTHES a 2 H ae iz |g apa a is Sui 8} ie 'S eel COLD FRAMES tke WS) Sh i au lc ale ' {rep |'2 | 6 fy i} wae Se x3 OH 1 te bi et 4 t é ie] 5 He ity ei bu > Le z fs |e Qe gine Hee oH 2 & fornia "oO si C) | A x : FERNS 1 oe LAWN =} ? | HItes Kit i ‘ sav i rR oe goby : : \ SIDEWALK cELM ‘e STREET G This is the lot actually described in the article. It is a real war garden in the best sense of the words Again I am restricted in area and in choice, so I have selected about 25 of the best per- ennials for the permanent hardy border, from - 5 to 10 of each. ‘This is the character of the test :— . Absolute hardiness at all times . Long life without annual shifting Resistance to drought and disease Ease of culture . Non-spreading roots Free and long-continued bloom Pleasing colors in showy flowers . Value as cut flowers OI ANE YP I make three great groupings by color, putting reds in the central part, blues toward the street, and yellows at the south end. The pale colors and the white varieties connect the three groups. I have a succession of bloom from first Squills to Autumn Crocus, and a gradation of heights from back to front,. thus: Yellows: Late Lemon Lily (Hemerocallis Thunbergii), 3-4 ft. July. Showy Coneflower (Rudbeckia speciosa), 2-3 ft. August. Yellow German Iris (Iris flavescens), 2-3 ft. June. Butterfly-weed (Asclepias tuberosa), 2 ft. July. Lance-leaved Tickseed (Coreopsis lanceolata), 2 ft. June-July. Dwarf Orange Day Lily (Hemerocallis Dumortieri), 2 ft. une. Orange Globeflower (Trollius japonicus), 2 ft. May. Gold Dust (Alyssum saxatile compactum), 6in. May. Yellow Crocus (Crocus Susianus), March-April. Yellow Cottage Tulips, May. Reds: Oriental Poppy (Papaver orientale in variety), 2-3 ft. June- Garden Peony (Paeonia albiflora in variety), 3 ft. June-July. Bleeding Heart (Dicentra spectabilis), 2 ft. May-June. Gas-plant (Dictamnus albus in variety), 3 ft. June. Garden Phlox (Phlox paniculata in variety), 2-3 ft. July- August. Miss Lingard (Phlox suffruticosa), 2-3 ft. June-July. Mountain Phlox (Phlox ovata), 1 ft. June. Scotch Pinks (Dianthus plumarius in variety), 6-12 in. June. Moss Pink (Phlox subulata in variety), 6 in. May-June. Giant Snowdrops (Galanthus Elwesii), March. Tulipa pulchella, T. jinifclia, T. Greigiit, T. Sprengeri, etc. May-June. Blues: Great Blue Flag (Iris pallida in variety), 3-4 ft. June. Siberian Iris (Iris sibirica in variety), 3-4 ft. May-June. Bee Larkspur (Delphinium formosum in variety), 3-4 ft June-July. Balloon-flower (Platycodon grandiflorum in variety), 3 ft- July-August. Japanese Speedwell (Veronica longifolia subsessilis), 2 ft- August-September. Chinese Larkspur (Delphinium grandiflorum in variety), 2 ft. June-August. é Greek Valerian (Polermonium reptans), 1 ft. May. Chickweed Phlox (Phlox Stellaria), 6 in. May. Scilla in variety, March Autumn Crocus (Crocus speciosus), September. Darwin Tulips in dark shades. HE 6-foot fence with the Hall’s Honey- suckle is but 4-feet. high back of the flower garden and bears Rambler Roses of the Wichuraiana type—Dorothy Perkins, White Dorothy Perkins, Excelsa, Hiawatha, Evangeline, and whatever others you wish. For fall bloom, instead of Clematis pani-— culata, I have two plants of Climbing Knot- weed (Polygonum baldschuanicum), and I — shall try the new P. Aubertii. These have the Clematis outplayed every way as to beauty and grace, and have a longer season of bloom. It is certain that little else can be added to the ornamental planting, for the lawn 1s tiny as it is. But yet plants whose frst value is not edibility can be squeezed in here and there. The narrow grass strips along the drive, so shaded that grass will not grow, have been covered with Pachysandra ter- minalis and Lily-of-the-Valley for foilage and | flowers, and Squills and Snowdrops shoot up in the spring. Against the piazza I have ferns, only the Cinnamon and Interrupted FeBprRuARY, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 25 Ferns (Osmunda cinnamomea and O. Claytoni- ana) for these give the greatest foilage per plant and are permanent as a Peony. With them I have planted light-colored Darwin Tulips. Lilies, the tall hardy sorts, as L. tigrinum, L. speciosum, L. Henryi, L. elegans, L. superbum, L. regale, L. Sargentiae, | am adding to the asparagus bed to the detriment of neither. Narcissus of all sorts form an irregular row under the grape trellis; a double row of Gladiolus divides the salad garden. I am now trying to find a few more spots where flowering herbs can go in among the fruits and vegetables without taking up valuable rogm. But I nearly forgot the most distinctive flower feature of the place—the window boxes. Six of them, of the self-watering kind, are placed on the piazza rail. As they are on the shady side of the house, I must have shade-enduring herbs. For main effect there is a very vigorous double-flowered form of red everblooming Begonia, and two boxes of them in the house in winter fill the six in summer. The inner side droops in Wandering Jew (Tradescantia fluminensis), green and varie- gated. As it is tender a sufficient stock is carried over winter in the two boxes of Begonias in the house. ‘The front face is Creeping Charlie, Moneywort (Lysimachia Nummularia); as this is hardy it is dumped in the vegetable garden in the fall and divided again for the boxes in the spring. When I Sweet Peas want the boxes different I can use the other Wandering Jew (Zebrina pendula) and the Begonia can vary to any of the semperflorens type in pink, rose, and white. R the initial planting of this lot, it would require some $50.00, but I obtained many plants by exchange, gift and seed. The yearly cost for seeding and plants is less than $5.00, allowing for a few new vegetables and bulbs each year. have spade, spading fork, two hoes, wheel hoe and attachments, lawn mower, pruning and grass shears, wheel barrow and knapsack sprayer. There are other tools I would like, but I make out with the present equipment. As for time, it takes about a day a week during the growing season (an hour or two daily), but for planting and first weeding at least two days a week are required. By keeping the permanent plantings mulched with dry litter and grass clippings, the weeding of many beds is nearly avoided. This lot gives fruit and vegetables the year round for a family of five, flowers for the table and the neighbors, and from the street or house windows has its interests and beauties all the year. As an investment it repays in cash a thousand times the yearly outlay in money and time while the intangible returns cannot be shown by measure. Extreme utility and beauty can be combined in the same lot. and Snapdragons For tools I ' WIE small grounds, such as the 40 x 100 foot lot often available for the suburban dweller, many of these fruits and vegetables must be omitted, and preference given to those that require very little room in pro- portion to the crop. A suggested layout for such a plot is given on page 23._ I should prefer that the house be near the street, and the area between house and street would be in lawn. A few fruiting shrubs, as currants and gooseberries, may be planted against two sides of the house. Shade will be afforded by the trees on the street. A grape vine gives shade and fruit over the rear porch, and on a trellis along the east side of the house. Beneath the grape a few spring bulbs and such enduring herbs as German Iris and Phlox will give a bit of flower garden. The remaining half of the lot is to be plowed (or rather spaded) yearly, but the sides and rear are in permanent planting, as asparagus, strawberries, black raspberries, etc. (but not red raspberries or blackberries as they spread underground too much for so small a place). Along the east line three dwarf apples (early midseason and late) are all the orchard fruit possible. ‘Tomatoes on trellis or poles may be grown close to the south wall of the house. The 30.x 30 ft. central area is planted in north-south rows of salad vegetables, dwarf beans and peas, and such other low growing vegetables as the family wishes. G. W. KERR, President American Sweet Pea Society BRAND NEW WAYS OF HANDLING—IT MEANS WORK BUT IT GETS BIG RESULTS—TRY IT SN’T it fortunate, in these times particularly, when we need so much to turn to gardens for solace and refreshment of spirit that some flowers can be had by every- body without any effort—they almost ‘erow by themselves.” It is because they are so easily grown that as a rule they are not particularly well grown. Two popular flowers that are pre- eminently worth while—Sweet Peas and Snapdragons—will respond amaz- ingly to extra care in cultivation. They come in a rich range of colors, and are useful beyond compare for cutting and indoor decoration; and they give the longest season of bloom —June to frost. The Snapdragon can be taken up and brought indoors for winter bloom. This cannot be done with Sweet Peas, however. Both these flowers are eminently adapted for the Ameri- can garden as this country now produces all its own seed, and more. ORTUNATE indeed is the Sweet Pea enthusiast who is located in a section where the average climatic conditions are such as to ensure a regular crop of first class flowers without any very special preparation. Such conditions are found in our Northern states, Canada and some parts of the Pacific Coast, where, even should the days be very warm, there is a compensating coolness at night. In such favored spots, and always provided that the soil is in good heart, excellent results may be had by either plowing, or digging the soil one spit deep and sowing the seed as early in the spring as soil conditions will This is the ‘‘new idea’’ in growing Sweet Peas. x apart in furrows 3 in. deep. The plants are transplanted in due season allow. More intense preparation, i. e., turning the soil over an extra twelve inches deep, and an extra supply of well made (thoroughly rotted) manure will well repay the grower. But for one grower who has perfect soil and climatic conditions there are hundreds of others. However, even under adverse con- ditions we can be reasonably sure of a good crop of bloom by careful attention to demands. & 1 explained in the September number of THe Garpen Macazine, Sweet Peas can now be most successfully cultivated in our hot Southern states by using varieties of the new “ Early-flowering Spencer” type, and sowing in the fall. Fall sowing can also be relied upon for many other sections. ° However, spring is upon us and where no preparation was made in the fall, we must now make the best of present conditions. The two essentials to successful Sweet Pea culture are: (1) Thorough soil preparation; (2) Starting the seed early. Soil preparation consists of turning it over deeply and incorporating well- made manure with a liberal hand. Choose a position in the garden well exposed to the sun but which is, if possible, well sheltered from draughty winds. Do not work the soil when wet and sticky, but get it turned over early that it may become consolidated previous to sowing or planting. Individual seeds placed 2 inches What “‘Thorough”’ Preparation Means BY THOROUGH soil preparation I intend that it be trenched two to three feet deep. It is better to trench the entire patch, but, should that not be possible, where the rows are to run, the ground should be trenched two feet wide. Throw the top soil to one side and the bottom soil, which is usually rather poor, to the other. Loosen up the bottom of the trench with a pick or stout digging fork, at the same time mixing in well rotted manure, old garden refuse, or leaf mold. Then return the bottom soil working in with it more rotted manure or leaf mold, and previous to replacing the top soil give the trench a dressing of fine bone meal at the rate of two to three ounces per yard of row. Where soil is light, use, if procurable, cow manure, but in all cases leaf mould when manure (RS) io S THE GARDEN MAGAZINE cannot be had. When the trench is finished give it a dusting of powdered lime (freshly slaked lime), raking i it into the surface. “Two to three ounces per yard will be sufficient. Because this work is best done in the fall, the soil settling during winter, it 1s essential in spring preparation to thoroughly consoli- date the trench by treading previous to plant- ing, otherwise it will dry out quickly. Seed Sowing Under Glass Yo will have better, stronger and taller vines. and a much longer flowering season, while the plants will begin to bloom two to three weeks earlier, by starting the seed under glass. Sow during this month Outdoors in April the lavender and blue flowered kinds, and all white seeds are best sown ina shallow furrow of pure clean sand (February) and as early as possible. That will give sturdy, well rooted plants ready for setting out during April. A cool greenhouse, mild hotbed, or even a coldframe, is necessary for modern Sweet Pea culture. When using wooden flats, fill two thirds with a medium compost, i. e., soil neither too light nor yet very heavy. On top of this put one inch of coarse sand, in which the seed is sown. Mark out little furrows two thirds of an inch deep and two to three inches apart. After soaking the seed for twenty-four hours in warm water, sow the individuals two inches apart. Cover and press firmly. The seed is thus sown no deeper than two thirds of an inch. Training Up the Young Plants E CAREFUL not to over-water until the seed has made a good start. Indeed, if a coldframe is used to house the flats, it may not be necessary to give any water at all until seedlings are well through the soil. When watering, always apply in the morn- ing while the days are short and the nights apt to be cold and frosty. During such weather cover the frames at night with burlap or old sacks. When the plants are two to three inches high give air on fine days. The Sweet Pea is a hardy fellow and very im- patient of coddling; therefore see to it that the sashes are freely opened during bright or mild weather. When the plants are four inches high, pinch out the tip of the shoot to encourage side growths, which will appear from near the base. FEBRUARY, 1918 As the weather becomes milder, the sash may be removed entirely during the day, and early in April, unless during severe frost, kept off entirely night and day. Usually around the second week in April (latitude of Philadelphia) it is time to plant out, and if the ground is then ready for them get the plants transplanted without delay. In transplanting remove one end of the flat as this will allow you to handle the plants more easily and eliminate the danger of breaking the roots. Plant six inches apart in the row, and make sure that the roots are not twisted in planting, making the hole suf- ficiently deep to take care of the longest. They should now have a period of six weeks of cool and (usually) moist weather to store up sufhcient strength to give a bountiful harvest of bloom from early June onward. Sowing in the Open ig IS seldom that soil and weather con- ditions will allow us to sow before the first week in April. When we can manage it, we prefer to sow toward the end of March. When sowing in the spring, cover the seed not more than two inches. ‘To make sure of a perfect stand of the white seeded and lavender varieties, which have very tender seed coats, they should be sown in sand. Make the furrows for these varieties a little deeper, say three inches, fill with pure coarse sand, and sow therein, two inches deep, not more. To eliminate the danger of seed rotting and ensure perfect germination, soak all varieties in warm water as recommended above. When two inches high, thin out the seedlings to stand four to six inches apart. Varieties to be Depended Upon \ X J HERE the flowers are wanted primarily for cutting in quantity, a few of the new Early-flowering Spencers must be grown as they will prolong the blooming season. This type naturally begins to flower at least two weeks ahead of the regular or summer flower- ing Spencers, and, when no seed pods are allowed to form, continues blooming freely throughout the season. Their great value for cutting is readily apparent, and I have proved that full dependence can be placed upon the following: r EARLY FLOWERING SPENCERS Earry ENcHANTRESS, a charming rose-pink with deeper edges. Earty Primrose Beauty, rich primrose flushed rose. YARRAWA, a very large rose-pink with cream base. EarLy SNowsToRM, pure white. Earry Pink DEAuTY, soft pink self. Earvy Kine, bright crimson self. Earty Lavenpver Kina, a beautiful clear lavender self. Earty Rosy Morn, rich rose with crimson standard. Ear.y SANKEY, a large black-seeded white self. SUMMER FLOWERING SPENCERS Constance Hinton and Kine Wuirr, the best whites. FLoraDAaLe Farry, cream self, gives many double flowers. MarcaretATLeE, Mrs. RoutzAHN, Livan, and Doris UsHER form a quartet of the best cream pinks and all quite distinct. Exrriva Pgarson, light pink, a beauty. Hercu tes, the best deep rose-pink. ILLUMINATOR, salmon-cerise. Fiery Cross, fire-red self. THE PRESIDENT, orange scarlet self. Kine Epwarp SPENCER, rich crimson. Orcui, a rich true lavender. MARGARET Maptson, light blue. Kinc Manukt, deep ‘shining maroon. Roya PURPLE, a true purple self. CHERUB, cteam edged rose. Snapdragons for Bedding and as House Plants THE Antirrhinum is surely coming into its own as the great value of this fine old plant is being universally recognized. Specially selected strains are grown in large quantities under glass for winter and spring flowering. It is, however, its value as a bedding plant or where it is grown for cutting in the open that will appeal to the average flower lover. Since the war began it is now taking the place of the Ten Week Stock (seed of which used to be imported from Germany), for bedding purposes, in the gardens and parks of the British Isles. Thanks to the good work of the seed growers the Snapdragons now offered may be relied upon to come practically true.to color from seed, and many fine and distinct varieties have been evolved. Antirrhinums are classified as tall, medium or intermediate, and dwarf or Tom Thumb. The heights of the sections are relative and will somewhat differ with different soils and locations. The tall section usually attains a height of about thirty inches; the interme- diate section, eighteen inches; and the dwarf section nine to twelve inches. These heights are taken to include the top of the flower spike. The intermediate section is undoubtedly the © most useful, and includes the best varieties and greatest range of color. It will run to. three feet under glass. As the Antirrhinum is readily cross-. fertilized by insects, the various colors’ must be well isolated when grown for seed to ensure fixity of stocks. Treating the Plant as an Annual "THE Antirrhinum is a perennial, but best results are obtained by treating it as an annual, sowing the seed in February or early March and placing the seed flats in heat. Shallow wooden flats three to four inches deep as suggested for Sweet Peas, filled with a fairly light compost, are the best means of sowing the seed. The soil should be well watered about an hour previous to sowing. As the seed is quite small—minute indeed— it must not be covered deeply, but only just covered to a depth of one sixteenth of an inch. No, not “Somewhere in France, ”? but merely the proper way to prepare your garden ‘ ‘Everywhere in America’’ Sweet Peas. Three feet deep, two feet wide, and openly enriched with manure, bone, lime, etc. Frpruary, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Here’s a portrait of Cottage Maid Antirrhinum, pink and white, reduced in size. The Snapdragon is indeed for the million, indoors and out After sowing, press the soil firmly with a flat board, and cover with a sheet of glass to conserve moisture and hurry germination. Shade the glass with paper, re- moving the shading and tilting the glass as soon as the seedlings begin to appear through the soil. When the plants are about one inch high transplant three inches apart, into other flats, which should contain rather richer soil. Failing a greenhouse the seed should be started in a hotbed or in the window of a warm sunny room. After transplanting keep in the same temperature for a week or two, after- ward placing in a cold- frame. When well hard- ened (which should be about the middle of April), plant into permanent quarters in well enriched soil, and set out the plants eighteen inches apart each way. In transplanting be careful to disturb the roots as little as possible. Splendid color effects may be obtained by using the finest named varieties. When growing seedlings for bedding, carefully ex- amine the foliage and stems of each plant, to see that all are alike, as the color- ings are shown in_ the whole plant. It is a sim- ple matter to see that all are true to one foliage type. A little care at planting out time will ensure the plants being true to color when they come into flower. To ensure a bushy, free branching growth, pinch out the tip of the main stem when planting. Sturdy plants, three to four inches high, set out in good soil toward the end of April should begin to bloom in July, and if all spent and withered flower spikes are rigor- ously removed, the plants will blooming until frost. continue In fact, it requires a killing frost to stop the activities of this charming flower—a few degrees of frost does not harm them. Lifting for Fall and Winter Decoration [N OCTOBER the Antirrhinum plants are invariably full of vigor, and carrying numerous flower spikes, both in bloom and bud. They may then be safely lifted and planted in pots or boxes for house or con- servatory decoration, where their beauty and distinct delightful fragrance doubly welcome. make them Should the weather be dry, thoroughly soak the soil around the plants which are to be removed, so that as much soil as possible may adhere to the roots. This soaking must be given a few hours previous to transplanting. Pot firmly and keep shaded for a day or two, at the same time giving copious supplies of water. Placed in a good window or con- servatory, such plants will continue blooming freely for several months. Worth While Varieties HAVING had the opportunity of observing all the varieties introduced during the past few years, grown in comparison with the The Snapdragon is a good-natured plant, flowering outdoors in summer and can then be brought indoors in fall for winter bloom. The photograph shows one plant of Dainty Queen lifted and potted Oh yes, you can do better than this even, for the photo- graph shows the flowers only about 34 actual size (Early- flowering Spencer Lavender King Sweet Pea) best standard sorts, I can thoroughly recom- mend the following intermediate varieties as being unsurpassed in their various colors: Brivuiant Rose, a lovely shade of clear rich rose. Corrace Marp, deep pink with white tube. Dainty QUEEN, a most attractive shade of salmon-buff. DEFIANCE, bright crimson-scarlet. DeticatTe Rose, pale rose-pink. Fire FLame, vermilion or fite-red. Prince Cuamots, a golden chamois shade. § QuEEN oF THE NortTH, a grand pure white. YELLOW QUEEN, rich butter yel- low. These intermediate var- letles grow about eighteen inches high. InvAlabamany N SPITE of the fact that out-of-door flowers are so plentiful most of the year, it is not always an easy matter, even in south- ern Alabama to find plants that will bring color and cheer to the garden through the winter months. I was most successful with Antirrhinum (Snap- dragon). It saves time and labor to buy the plants, or cut- tings. I set mine on about November first, placing the plants one foot apart. The plants began blos- soming almost immediately and continued to blossom throughout the entire win- ter, regardless of frosts, untillate in the summer. Evetyn VosE Peck. Alabama. Laying the Bugaboo of Disease W. H. RANKIN Cornell University DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL OF SOME IMPORTANT PLANT PESTS—ROSY OUTLOOK FOR THEIR MASTERY— NATURAL CONDITIONS THAT HELP THE GARDENER ROWERS often become discouraged because native or newly introduced diseases seem to make impossible the further successful cultivation of cer- tain plants. In most cases this pessimism is unwarranted. In the first place destructive diseases which seriously affect production are usually limited to certain regions. This is due to the influence which temperature and mois- ture play in determining the rate of spread and destructive potentialities of the parasitic fungi or bacteria which cause plant diseases. Likewise, the variations in these climatic conditions may lead to little or no loss during certain seasons and extreme losses at other times. It is thus possible to grow certain crops with less chance of loss in some sections of the country than in others. If, however, the crop is grown where losses commonly occur, the grower may usually apply definite control measures which have been proved practicable. THE fungus causing the late-blight and rot of potatoes was brought into this country many years ago, supposedly from Late-blight and rot of potatoes is most destructive in northeastern and north central United States. The early spring crop in the South is also affected frequently. Spray- ing potatoes, in the northern region indicated, is a neces- sary part of potato culture < AS SS S&S YS 2 ES SY Sy Peach leaf-curl is most common in the areas here indi- cated. Generally speaking all growers in this region must spray every year to avoid frequent losses Apple-rust is common in certain portions of the area shown on this map... Many of the other similar rust dis- eases of Juniper, pear, quince, Haw, SerWvice-berry, and Mountain Ash occur in the same region Ireland where it had been introduced from: South America. In the accompanying map is shown the regions where late blight and rot occur more or less destructively according to the seasonal conditions. Comparatively low temperatures and abundant moisture are re- quired for the development of the causal fungus. Jt 1s, therefore, not destructive in. the South except in the case of the early spring crop and at high altitudes where the temperatures are more like those in the North. In the northern regions, however, spraying with bor- deaux mixture, 5-5-50 will not only prevent late-blight and rot, but will also diminish losses from early-blight, tip-burn and flea beetles. All these troubles are so common that they do not need description. Begin spraying when the plants are about six inches high, followed by subsequent appli- cations at least every ten or fourteen days until the time when the tops are killed by frost. Continuous spraying 1s necessary even though the blighting of the tops late in the season may not seriously reduce the yield, for the reason that serious losses from rot may follow if the blight obtains a foothold. Spray- ing accomplishes the best results if the mixture is applied just long enough before rain periods for it to become dried. It will not wash off, as is generally supposed, and is present on the leaves at just the time it is most needed, since the fungus is distributed through the field and invades the leaves while the plants are wet. EACH-leaf-curl has been in this country for a long time and although it occurs, to some extent, wherever the peach is grown, it is destructive only near large bodies of water and in regions with a cool climate and abundant rainfall. he conditions which lead to de- structive attacks are warm weather at the time the buds burst, followed by a cool humid period of several days. The resistance of the newly exposed leaves seems to be lowered by the cessation in growth due to the cool weather and at the same time these weather conditions are favorable for the development of the fungus. The disease makes its appearance as soon as the leaves unfold. The leaves are at first thickened and puckered along the mid- rib, causing the leaf to curl. The diseased portion of the leaf is brittle and slightly yel- lowish, tinged with red. The affected leaves finally drop from the tree and new leaves come out later from dormant buds. The twigs may also become affected. One application of any common fungicide, at any time after the leaves fall in the autumn (and before the buds burst in the spring) will prevent this disease. Every twig and bud must be coated with the fungicide in order to destroy the over-wintering parts of the fungus. Lime-sulphur, 1 gallon to 8 of water, bordeaux mixture at any common strength, and copper sulphate 2 pounds to 50 gallons of water, serve equally well for the control of this disease. ANY of the native rust fungi which cause important diseases of orna- mental conifers and pomaceous shrubs and trees (apples, etc.) are controllable by separ- ating the two kinds of trees which these fungi require for the completion of their life-history. Several of the rust diseases of the cultivated apple, pear, quince and Mountain Ash, and 28 ornamental species of Haw and Service- berry require the presence of certain species of Juniper or Red Cedar in the immediate locality, otherwise the rust fungus can no longer perpetuate itself. Serious defoliation of the pomaceous trees results when Red Ced- ars are in close proximity and the Cedars them- selves may be deformed by the production of cedar-apples, witches’ brooms, knots, galls and long spindle-shaped swellings of the trunks and branches. The spores formed on the deformed parts of the Cedar cause the in- fection of the leaves, twigs and fruit of the trees of the apple family and in turn the spores from these trees cause the infection of the Cedar. Spraying the Cedars or the pomaceous trees has not been found practicable. On the other hand by separating these two kinds of trees by a distance of a half mile or more the chances for the exchange of spores between them is reduced to the point where the dam- age they may cause is unimportant. : EVERAL rust diseases of Pines are similar in nature, in that the associa- tion of a certain other kind of plant is re- quired else the fungus cannot exist in the The fungus causing the blister rust of White Pine is now known to be prevalent in the areas here shown. The stages on the gooseberry and currant have been found abundant. Important infestations of Pine forest areas are known in the New England States and New York Bean anthracnose occurs destructively in the northeastern and southeastern parts of the United States. In the South only the early spring crop is affected. Pod selection will yield clean seed and reduce losses materially The chestnut blight fungus has now spread to practically the entire area where the chestnut grows abundantly FEBRUARY, 1918 region. In the case of the White Pine blister rust, just recently imported, currant and gooseberry bushes are necessary for the com- pletion of the life-history of the fungus. The affected Pines show tapering swellings of the branches from two to twenty years old. From these swollen branches, white or yel- lowish bladdery structures are pushed out early in the spring. ‘These blisters are rup- tured and the yellow spores within are blown away by the wind as a fine powder. They are innocuous to the Pine and if they do not lodge on the leaves of currant or gooseberry bushes they cause no further harm. On finding lodgment on those plants, however, the leas tissue is invaded and soon spores are formed in small yellowish spots on the under sides of the leaves. These spores can infect other gooseberry and currant bushes. This process may be continued until several generations of these spores have caused the infection of large numbers of bushes for miles away from the affected Pine. In the late summer another kind of spores is formed on brown hairs on the under sides of the affected gooseberry and cur- rant leaves. These are carried in all direc- tions by the wind and if they lodge on the young twigs of five-needled Pines a new infection is started. By separating the two kinds of plants by a half mile or more, as in the case with the Red Cedar rusts but little chance is afforded for the successful inter- change of spores. Many species of two- and three-needled Pines are subject to similar diseases caused by native rust fungi. These diseases do relatively little damage except to young trees and then only when the re- quired alternate plant is present in abund- ance. HE extent to which the White Pine blister rust will affect the White and other five- needled Pines in this country cannot at the present time be predicted. The fungus has been in this country for more than ten years and has recently been found to have spread over alargeterritory. The required alternate hosts, the gooseberry and currant, are com- mon weeds throughout the range of the five- needled Pines. This group of Pines includes some of the most important forest trees both in eastern and western United States. The accompanying map shows the distribution of the fungus as last reported. Eventually, no doubt, it will spread to all sections of the country where five-needled Pines and goose- berries or currants are associated. The tem- perature and moisture relations which will effect its destructiveness are not known at present. Likewise, no data are available as yet on the percentage of the younger trees which will be killed by it under different con- ditions. In such regions as Long Island and the lower Hudson River valley where these trees are important as ornamentals the dis- ease may be easily avoided by eradicating the door-yard and garden currants and goose- berries since the wild species are rare. pe majority of the destructive para- sites as mentioned above are limited to certain regions by temperature and moisture relations. The severity with which they affect their host plants as a rule is further lim- ited by the relative susceptibility of different varieties or even the individual plants of the same variety. Many commercially important resistant strains have been developed by se- lecting and propagating the individual plants which fail to develop the disease in question when the majority of the crop is killed around them. By starting with a single resistant individual, a desirable resistant strain may be developed if its other qualities are satis- factory. Strains of melons resistant to wilt, cabbage to yellows, asparagus to rust and beans to anthracnose are a few examples of those that have been developed and are prov- ing successful. The grower can often de- velop such strains in his own field by carefully selecting seed from plants of normal size and desirable quality which are at the same time free from disease. Even if this practice does not yield resistant strains those fungi which winter over in the seeds will be eliminated from the new crop the next season. One of the best methods of controlling bean anthrac- nose or “rust’’ is to select the pods which show no reddish brown or black cankered spots and the seed in such pods will be dis- ease-free. HERE are sevéral other methods of avoid- ing losses from diseases which are simple and easily carried out. Several species of fungi attack ornamental shrubs and _her- baceous plants in the garden causing diseases known as powdery mildews. The mycelium of these fungi grows externally on the upper or under sides of the leaves producing a white powdery-coating. Often these mildews cause the stunting of the leaves and twigs and de- foliation may occur. By dusting the af- fected leaves with flowers of sulphur or finely ground sulphur flour, the mycelium of these fungi is killed. Sulphur dust 1s most effective during warm, clear weather, 1f applied early in the morning while the plants are still moist. The club-root of cabbage, a disease which causes swollen and deformed roots, may be controlled by applying good stone lime to the soil at the rate of 2 or 3 tons to the acre. The application should be made the autumn before planting; eighteen months before planting is better. The subject of the importance and de- structiveness of some newly imported parasite is frequently brought to the attention of the erower. Popular articles concerning these new troubles and predictions of great depre- dations to follow often cause the layman to overestimate the relative importance of such diseases. Taking the United States as a whole there are many common and destruc- tive diseases of ordinary crops which cause losses of millions of dollars annually and there is little attention given to the fact. Newly imported parasites sometimes cause unusual destruction to particular crops. The appar- ent greater powers of destructiveness of introduced parasites as evidenced by the powdery mildews of grapes and gooseberries in Europe and asparagus rust and Chestnut blight in this country are due to the larger percentage of susceptible individuals in the new territory. In the regions where the para- site has existed for centuries the more suscep- tible individuals have been eliminated by a slow process of natural selection leading to a resistant race of plants. But when the same fungus is transported to another continent it finds an unselected race, the majority of which, in some cases, will be very susceptible. Such great destructive potentialities, how- ever, are fortunately the exception and not the rule. With our present knowledge of these facts and the progress that may be made in the future, it 1s reasonable to expect that much of the losses now sustained may be avoided. Already certain investigators are obtaining hopeful results in breeding a desirable Chest- nut tree which is resistant to blight. Selec- THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 29 tion and breeding methods to obtain resistant races may be augmented later by scientific methods of artificially immunizing plants to disease. With this hopeful outlook for the future and the easily applied protection measures now available for most of the common diseases, growers should do their best to incorporate disease-control methods into the more routine cultural practices. The grower must accept as final the fact that some attention to plant diseases on his part is necessary in order to grow clean crops and it is largely up to him to acquaint himself with the control methods to be used. The Leaf Blister Mite on Pear and Apple Foliage EARLY everywhere one can find dur- ing the summer small corky areas on pear leaves. These are the homes of the blister mite, which only compara- tively recently has become a very serious pest. But I have found it in almost every orchard visited in two years infecting the pear, and in New York state, in addition, it has found the foliage of the apple trees. It is hardly necessary to describe the blister- mites because they are so small that to be seen a microscope must be used, but their work is very plain. Early in the summer minute greenish pimples appear on the leaves of the pear trees. They enlarge and on the under side of the leaf they have a sort of green velvety appearance; but this does not last long, for they soon change, becoming reddish, sometimes very brilliant, and later the tissue dries up, and becomes dark brown or black and corky. The pim- ples house the leaf mites. In here they breed and rear the young, the injured areas becoming sometimes as much as an eighth of an inch in diameter and somewhat irregular in shape. When these pests infest apple leaves, the spots are usually less brilliant. On badly infested trees the foliage drops prematurely. In the fall the mites: desert their homes on the leaves and hunt winter quarters under the scales of the buds. The mites do not again make their appearance until the early spring when the buds are swelling preparatory to opening, then they come out and are ready to attack the leaves as soon as they emerge from the buds. The eradication of this pest is not difficult if the trees are sprayed in the fall when most of the leaves have fallen. Use either kero- sene emulsion, diluting the stock solution with five parts of water, or lime-sulphur wash, at the same strength as used for San José scale. If commercial lime-sulphur wash is used this will mean diluting one part in eight or nine parts water. “By making a spraying in the fall when the majority of the leaves have fallen, the mites can be reached while still in the pubescence of the buds; if done late the mites will have tucked themselves away under the bud scales where they are much harder to reach. On badly infested trees this spraying should be repeated in the spring just as the buds are swelling and at this time it will be better to use the lime-sulphur wash, as in addition to killing the mites, it will kill any San José scale which may be upon the trees and it will also catch most of the plant lice, for their eggs are hatching at this time. Penna. Haroip C. CLarkE. What Kind of Soil Have You Gotp 4.£.witkinson VERY FEW OF US HAVE THE “IDEAL” BUT THAT’S NO CAUSE FOR DESPAIR—SPECIAL MERITS OF EACH TYPE HOUGH the ideal would be a sandy soil with good soil texture, high moisture and aircontent, and good subsoil, yet the practical fact remains that most of us have to put up with the particular soil of the re- gion. ‘lo improve the soils not ideal, our most important step is working ina supply of man- ure. Itis not possible to obtain too much man- ure. Some of the best truck gardeners near the larger cities secure and apply as high as forty and fifty tons of well rotted manure to the acre. If the home gardener will consider just what this manure does to the soil—supplying plant food, increasing the water-holding and air-holding capacit ES g capacity [ 5b ia See ae of the soil, and in- creasing the root ac- tivities—there is one question that he would be quitewilling to obtain a large sup- ply of manure for the work of improving his garden. This ma- nure is to be turned under and thoroughly harrowed and mixed with the soil. The first point to notice 1s the texture of the soil. By tex- ture is meant the size of the particles and the friability or loose- ness of the soil. A good example of a soil of fine texture is seen in that found in the average com- mercial greenhouse. holder It has been “manu-_ factured,” by mixing. A good mixture is one part well rotted manure, one part sand, and two parts rotted sod. In the garden the object is to strive to reach this type as nearly as possible. If a soil with a very early or quick char- acteristic is desired a coarse sand is indicated because the coarse sand is well drained and, therefore warms up very early in the spring, advancing the time at which planting may begin. Coarse sands are also warmer through- out the growing period which respond easily to irrigation. Soils of this particular type need liberal applications of humus-making material turned under yearly. This material may take the form of stable manure or green crops. Medium sands are not quite so early as the coarse sands; nor so productive. How- ever, they do hold the moisture and plant food much longer. The fine sands are the most productive garden soils, because of their lessened expense in maintaining fertility. Coupled with this, they havé some of the advantages of the medium sandy soils. The clay soil is the least desirable for the majority of vegetable crops. They are of very fine texture; so fine indeed that they come into a very compact condition very easily, necessitating great care in manage- ment. By proper management and the ad- dition of certain materials, and in the course of time, the correct granular condition will be brought about in a clay soil. The necessary steps in handling clay are, first, to apply a Gravelly soil is generally over-drained_because of space between particles. Manure is a binder, filler, and moisture large amount of horse manure which has a tendency to loosen the soil and render it more porous. From four to six inches of manure spread over the surface is none too much. ‘This may be repeated yearly. A heavy application of manure in the fall may be repeated the following spring. In all cases the manure should be thoroughly in- corporated with the soil by plowing and fitting. Clay may be improved by the addition of other soils of differing characteristics. Coarse sands or stove coal ashes can be mixed with a clay garden soil and will correct its faults. Clay soil. vation Mulching improves a clay soil. This may con- sist of composted materialsuchas garden waste, lawn rakings, leaves and other decomposed vegetable matter, or of decomposed manure, Sand is loose and dry. Greatly in need of manure, hu- mus, etc., to give texture, when it is a most desirable soil for early and quick crops all of which retard tendencies toward pack- ing. A word of caution: do not work clay soils while they are very wet, because this will spoil the physical condition, the packing 30 The particles are very small and bind or cake as shown. Unsuited tocrops. Needs some filler and culti- making them very lumpy and less productive. Between the clay and the sandy soils are the loams. These loams may vary from light heavy and in all cases are easy to manipulate and are adapted to a wide range of garden crops. ‘They are, as a rule, the soils in the average garden. The average moisture that a soil contains is of great importance. Now water is held in the soil in several ways. ‘There is capillary water, sometimes spoken of as film water, because it is water that surrounds each particle of soil as a film. Where the par- ticles of soil are very small the _ greatest amount of film or capillary water is found. Free water is that which is found in the soil between particles and is of lit- tle benefit to the growing crops. As a tule, the smaller the particles of soil, the greater the absorp- tive power of this soil. Taking this statement in terms of soil, sandy soils (especially the coarse sands) suffer a great deal more during drouth than do the clays or silty soils. Therefore, it is often necessary to irrigate. If soil is weak in the capillarity of the sub- soil, that is, if the sub- soil is composed of large particles, a crop of good size cannot be matured during the average season wumless some form of irrigation is practised. The dof of the water table would have a great influence on the strength or weakness of this capillary action. This water table or free water should not be too high, causing the soil to be'soggy. The land should at all times be well drained. However, it is important that this drainage should not be overdone, because, if one wishes to produce a large crop, an abundant and constant supply of water is absolutely necessary. In many cases a correct system of drainage will consist of nothing more than a line of three- or four-inch tile running across the garden and draining the low spots. ' Soil temperature is another factor. This depends, generally speaking, upon the water content and air content. If the soil is full of water (thereby being low in air content), it 1s generally cool. Clays are of this type. If the air penetrates the soil to some depth, it has a tendency to warm up the soil quickly in the springtime. Near the surface of the soil the tem- perature is higher. The color of the soil also has some influence upon the temperature. Dark soils tend to absorb heat and are spoken of many times as being warmer, whereas the light soils throw off or reflect the sun’s rays and the heat and are sometimes not quite so warm. If the relationship of moisture and air is taken into consideration, however, color will not be found to have so great an influence. Frepruary, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 31 EVER before have business conditions been so disturbed as in the present year. Trained men have been withdrawn from every line to put the country on a war basis. And the seed trade has been no excep- tion to the rule, hence we urge our customers to send in their orders at once, before the Spring rush begins. It will be a vast help to us in doing our part in feeding the country to be able to execute orders in February that in ordinary times come to us in March and April. house, send in your order early. So, whether you buy from us or any other seed “Better Gardens” Make your garden a “better garden”’ this year—not only by better meth- ods—but by planting seeds of known quality. The initial cost of the seeds is one of the smallest items in your garden but it is the most important and you cannot get the fullest results unless you have started right. Henderson’s seeds are Tested Seeds. Our seventy-one years of seed raising, testing and selling has given us an unequalled experience that is back of every packet of seed we sell. Not only must your seeds be the best but your methods must be right. And to help in this we have prepared a booklet entitled ““Better Gardens.’’ This consists of extracts from the book ‘Garden Guide and Record,” which we have published fora number of years for the use of our customers only. “Better Gardens” will be sent to all who send us ten cents for our special offer below. “Fverything for the Garden” is the title of our 1918 cata- logue. It is really a book of 192 pages, with 16 colored plates and over 1000 halftones, all from actual photographs showing actual results without exaggeration. It is a library of everything worth while, either in farm, garden or home. | A Remarkable Offer of Henderson’s Seed Specialties To demonstrate the superiority of Henderson’s Tested Seeds we have made up a Henderson Collection, consisting of one packet each of the following six great specialties: Ponderosa Tomato Henderson’s Invincible Asters Big Boston Lettuce Henderson’s Brilliant Mixture Poppies White Tipped Scarlet Radish Spencer Mammoth Waved Sweet Peas To obtain the largest possible distribution for our annual catalogue, ‘Everything for the Garden,’’ we make the following unusual offer: Mail us toc and we will send you the catalogue, booklet ‘Better Gardens, 33 together with this remarkable “Henderson Specialty Collection,” and complete cultural directions. Every Empty Envelope Counts as Cash This collection is enclosed in a coupon envelope which when emptied and returned, will be accepted as 25¢ cash payment on any order for seeds, plants or bulbs amount- ing to one dollar, or over. Make this year a ‘‘Better Garden”’ year. PETER HENDERSON &CO. 35-37 Cortlandt Street New York City Fee ee ee ee eee Peter Henderson & Co. 35-37 Cortlandt Street, New York City I enclose herewith toc for which send catalogue and “‘Hend- erson’s Specialty Collection,” with complete cultural direc- tions: also booklet “‘Better Gardens” as advertised in The Garden. — Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 32 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE kan §Olc Tanned Gar Jast fiom spring to fall The owner of an ‘‘Old-Fashioned’’ garden of hardy perennials does not have to depend on one short period of bloom. With the first warm days of spring come the odd flowers of the Irises, closely followed by the dainty Columbines. About Decoration Day and during early June the wonder- ful Peonies claim our admiration. The golden yellow flowers of Coreopsis next appear. Phlox, Larkspurs, and Day Lilies beginblooming now to stay with us until summer’s end, when the Asters come to wind up the season’s bloom. You can easily have a garden of these old favorites if you have a copy of STORRS & HARRISON CO. Seed and Plant Annual to assist you in making selections. It tells the ultimate height of each plant so you can arrange your garden to get the greatest effect. It contains 192-pages of information about everything for garden, lawn, orchard and greenhouse grown by this 64-year- old concern. Send for a copy of the Annual. STORRS & HARRISON CO. Box 712, Painesville, Ohio AMBLER, PA. “ STRAWBERRY PLANTS THAT GROW” Two years’ practical and theoretical course “PROGRESSIVE” best Fall-Bearer; also standard in Horticulture. Next entering class for June sorts including our new seedling, “COLLINS.” diploma students January 15, 1918. Fall Raspberry, Blackberry, and Grape Plants in Assort- KM Gx) course of fen weeks OF ginal cs Desins ment. Catalogue Free. 4 ne ame kBa eptember t rite for particulars. ; (an ge oe Early registration advised. C. E. WHITTEN’S NURSERIES ; es Mite. Elizabeth Leighton Lee, Director, Box 105 Box 10, Bridgman Michigan se Ready- cut i Wholesale prices. Comes glazed, in sections. “Easybilt.’”’ Erect it yourself. Any size. Highest grade materials supplied complete. Shipped promptly anywhere. Send for our Greenhouse and Hot Bed Sash Booklet. FREE. Write NOW! Gordon-Van Tine Co, 6306 Case Street Satisfaction Guaranteed or or Maney Back Back Davenport, lowa SE ca A Bu Your Greenhous: 2328 If a problem grows in your garden write to the Readers’ Service for assistance Frepruary, 1918 Sowing for Summer Flowers N MANY California cities the space between the sidewalk and the curb is too narrow to be used for grass. An excellent way to treat this is to carpet it with one of the trailing flowering plants such as Verbena, Portulaca, and Abronia. If the border is four feet or wider, an attractive treatment is to use one color in the centre and another ‘color on either side for edgings. For example: Use the rose flowering Abronia for the centre and the white Verbena as the edging. Or use the white Verbena in the centre and the red Verbena as the edging. A third plan would be to use the yellow Portulaca for the centre and the pink Portu- laca for the edging. The average bed about an ordinary Aeainin: sized home is_ rectangular. The follow- ing suggestions for planting lists, then, will be varied to meet your own conditions, mainly in the size of the bed. The names of varieties in each case are given in order of size. The first one mentioned is the tallest of the group. For a house border use a blue Delphinium, a white Candytuft, a carmine Candytuft with a row of Coleus for the edging. . For a shrubbery border use a white Cam- panula, a semi-dwarf pink Snapdragon (space must be left for this now for the seeds must be sown in the hotbed and the plants trans- planted when they are about six inches high), blue Forget-me-not, and white Sweet Alyssum. For a driveway border use red Tritoma (Kniphofia), or yellow Golden Rod (Solidago canadensis), yellow Calendula,. white Sweet William, and crimson Lantana. For a screen use pink Hollyhocks, pink Balsam, blue Salvia, and white Lobelia. For a bed in which a single variety is grown for its own beauty or for cutting, use Violets or Nasturtiums. Both may be grown in a rather shaded place. Seeds should be planted in February. For filling in between shrubs, use Amaran- thus, Cosmos, or Poppy (Papaver). The Cosmos is a rank grower and is not to be preferred in a position that is too prominent. The new varieties of Shirley and Onental Poppies are especially desirable in prominent locations. The Shirley Poppies are to be had in the most delicate shades. The Oriental Poppy is a bright scarlet and should not be used too liberally. Its brightness has a use, however, for every planting should have something a little startlimg in it to add zest. An unsightly fence or outbuilding may be made attractive by covering it with a Cypress Vine, one of the Morning Glories (Ipomoea), or with some of the vigorous growing Sweet Peas. If yousplanted Sweet Peas last October, you should have some blooming now, but it is worth while planting more for summer flowering. A good selection for February planting is: Blanche Ferry Spencer, a beautiful pink and white with wavy standards; Flora Norton Spencer, a beautiful blue; Frank Dolby, the largest of the lavender Sweet Peas; and Gladys Unwyn, a clear light ink. Santa Rosa, Cal. Joun Y. Beaty. FEBRUARY, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE WENT MMM Mt) AY Quality J SS PIMENTEL 2 BRURIREGUEDARUDP ASAE fe Y S in a watch, it is in the “‘works”’ that the value of a Lawn Mower lies. Ask the Gardener— He Knows! Knows of the selected ma- terial and fine workmanship of the “works” of a “PENN- SYLVANIA” Quality Lawn Mower—that ail the self- sharpening crucible tool steel (oil-hardened and water-tem- pered) bladesarealways sharp and cut clean. ‘The higher PTOLCAAUUEOUGUMOVEGUSIUGDADIIUOLNOO1ONOIDISONINOSIORNEUESEOOSUGLOAUTUNS(UNULRADADSONSIUEDISISINOOISONIDIOL0UNLCCCISNS\SSINVORADSUSSNSINRCINANIINIGN priced “‘works’’ mean econ- omy and efficient mowing. Sold by Hardware Dealers and Seedsmen FREE—A booklet—“‘How to Care for the Lawn’’—written by an authority, mailed on request. PENNSYLVANIA LAWN MOWER WORKS 1617 N. Twenty-third St., Philadelphia, U.S. A. This trade-mark is on the handles of \MGGUCDMEOURUONUTTTBOURUDIUOMIDOCRMOUONULGOVAOINPOUUINOUVDEROOEC OVCCOUNUONUOGROD LDC GLONDIGUILODIIGDR(DUGRDONCGAVEUOLISIIDOUIGacttdaT An “Pennsylvania” “Quaker City” “Pennsylvania, Jr.” “Red Cloud” “Pennsylvania Golf’ “Bellevue” “Pennsylvania Putting “Panama” Greens Mower” “Delia” “Continental” “Electra” “Keystone” “Pennsylvania Pony” “Pennsylvania Horse” “Pennsylvania Grand” “Pennsylvania Trio” “Great American B. B. “Shock Absorber” ” The Readers’ Service gives information about Real Estate You May Have A Water- Garden With Very Little Effort Anyone can grow Water Lilies, and a pool can easily be built by following simple directions. My 1918 Catalogue of Water Plants tells what materials to use, how to build pools of different sizes and shapes, and what Water Lilies and Water Plants to use for beauty and permanence. Ask for a copy. WILLIAM TRICKER, Water Lily Specialist Box E, Arlington, N. J. Bo Plant more! Get bigger crops with PLANET JRS. RECORD crops must be raised this year! Do your “bit” in a big way —with Planet Jr. tools. ; They save time, lighten labor, and increase both quantity and quality of production. They make every minute, every ounce of energy, every foot of soil yield its utmost result. Planet Jrs. are scientific garden tools, invented and made by a practical farmer and manufacturer. They are strong yet so light they can be used by a woman or boy. Last a lifetime. They meet the tullest demands of the hour! Planet Jr. és Implements No. 4 Planet Jr. Combined Hill and Drill Seeder, Wheel Hoe, Cultivator and Plow sows all garden seeds (in drills or hills), plows, opens furrows and covers them, hoes and cultivates all through the season. A hand machine that does the work so easily, quickly and thoroughly that it pays for itself in a single season. No. 12 Planet Jr. Double and Single Wheel-Hoe is the greatest combination hand- cultivating tool in the world. The plows open furrows, cover them and hill growing crops. The hoes are wonderful weed-killers. The cultivator teeth work deep or shallow. Crops are straddled till 20 inches high; then the tool works between rows with one or two wheels. Cut down the cost of raising your crops by using these tools. We make 24 styles—various prices. 72-PAGE CATALOGUE FREE! Illustrates Planet Jrs. doing actual farm and garden work, and describes over 55 different tools, including Seeders, Wheel-Hoes, Horse-Hoes, Harrows, Orchard, Beet, and Pivot-Wheel Riding Cultivators. JVrite postal for it to-day. S L ALLEN Box 1108S, Philadelphia : en, ey re. : Re % THE od SIONS War Conditions Make Early Ordering Imperative | Es ordering means not only late arrival of your order in America; but more unfortunate still, we may not be able to fill your request for some things at all. This is because of the limited supply, and the unprecedented demand, caused by the War. With vegetable seeds, this is particularly so. Once again, then, let us urge your or- dering early. It is most reassuring to know that not a single American Shipment of our seeds was lost last year, because of the U-Boats. Send 35c for Garden Catalogue. With $5 purchase of seeds, the 35c will be promptly refunded. Royal Seed Establishment Reading, England Winter, Son & ComPANY _TuHE SHERMAN T. BLAKE Co. 64-C Wall St., 429-C Sacramento St., New York i San Francisco, Cal Sole Agents East of The Sole Agents West of The Rocky Mountains Rocky Mountains a a LUTTON GREENHOUSES For Safe Give 100% setacore Satisfaction icient Tree Surgery Particulars Denis upon request The Davey Tree Expert Co. 111 Elm St., Kent, O. ——7 4 Davey | Tree Surgeons WM. H. LUTTON CO. 263-269 Kearney Ave. Jersey City, N. J. Horticultural Architects and Builders Greenhouses Conservatories Garden Frames GARDEN MAGAZINE FreBprvuarRy, 1918 WAM sane ‘THE method of making a hotbed is given in THe GarpEN Macazine for February, 1915. After the seeds have germinated in the hotbeds be careful not to let the little plants damp off. This can be obviated by giving air every day in the middle of the day by lifting the sash a little. Water plants only in the morning and do so every day if the weather is mild. A little sulphur sprinkled between the seedlings is also a preventive of damping off and mildew. \ Seeds to Be Sown Sow in hotbeds the early tomatoes, such as Sparks’ Earliana, Bonny Bess, and John Baer; the Chinese Giant peppers, the long red hot peppers, cayenne or tobasco, and the Red Cherry for pickles; Black Beauty. egg- plant, to be transplanted later to the cold- frames when they have two leaves. They will then make stocky plants before setting out in the open ground. A few canteloupe, cucumber, and squash seeds of the early varieties could be sowed in three inch pots and sunk into the earth of the hotbed. Later they can be set into the open ground without disturbing the soil about them and the little single glass frames placed over them and thus forced into maturity a week or two ahead of those that are sowed in the open gtound in the spring. s Seeds of perennial flowers and a few - annuals to get an early start should be sowed in the hotbed now and pricked out as soon as the plants have two leaves and transplanted three inches apart in coldframes, and in the spring be again transplanted to the flower border where they are to remain. Single Dahlias, Snapdragons, Delphiniums, Pyrethrums, Gaillardias, Platycodons, Chrys- anthemums, Heliotropes, Hollyhocks, Stock, Wallflower, Sweet William, Nasturtium and numbers of others should get an early start in this way. Thorough Preparation for the Garden Soil HEN the weather is open and the soil dry enough, spend most of the time this month in getting the land in first class con- sition rather than hurrying the seed into the ground. Plow the land deeply and follow in the furrows with a sub-soil plow so as to get all the potash available. Throw the furrows up high and let the soil get all the air and sun possible. Plow and cross-plow. In fact, do everything possible to get the land in excellent condition. Apply the compost heaps and well rotted manure. Acid phosphate should have been mixed in with the compost as it was made; but if not done then apply it now, broadcast about 500 pounds to the acre. The success of raising vegetables depends greatly on their being brought to maturity quickly. This is done first by getting the ground in good shape, the soil thoroughly pulverized and manure and mineral fertilizers thoroughly incorporated. At this time of the year nitrate of soda should not be applied, in fact, only when vegetables are to be rapidly forced. In the early spring an application on cabbages and lettuce would be advisable, and in March when the asparagus bed is worked (Continued on page 36) The Readers’ Service will give you suggestions for the care and purchase of cats and dogs and other pets Feprouary, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 35 Fairfax Roses will grow in YOUR garden \ { just as well as they do in ours. They are propagated under natural conditions—not forced in hot green- houses. They are hardy, vigorous plants that will thrive in all climates. They are all wintered out of doors and will bloom freely the first season. The great care we take in selection has enabled us to pro- duce blooms of such extraordinary beauty that Fairfax Roses are celebrated amongst rose growers everywhere, and there is no reason why you should not be able to grow them just as well as we do. Send for a copy of my 1918 Rose Book — Free Tt not only describes and illustrates the hundreds of beautiful hardy kinds of Fairfax Roses that will thrive in your garden, but it tells you how to grow roses with the greatest success. If you are having trouble with your roses, write me about it and I will gladly advise you what to do. The beautiful Fairfax Killar- ney Rose shown here—an exquisite pink. Heavy 2-year old plants . . 50c W. R. Gray Box 6 OAKTON Fairfax Co. Virginia rd \ \ fea cA \ \ \ \ \ Spray your war-garden Big commercial orchardists and truck-gardeners use DEMING SPRAYERS in the power-driven types because they have proved to be sure profit producers. Wise home-gardeners use Deming bucket and kriapsack sprayers because they are built with the same care, skill and experience. Don’t surrender your crop to bugs, worms and blight when a handy Deming Sprayer, a few cents’ worth of spraying ma- terials and a fewhours’ timewill help insure a successful garden. Send for free 40-page 1918 catalogue to-day THE DEMING COMPANY, 112 Depot St., Salem, Ohio Mfrs. of Deming Hydro-Pneumatic Water Supply Systems in all capacities Write for Catalogue The Significance of This (ai— “True Blue” Seal To Exacting Home Gardeners eee that come to you under the “True Blue” seal repre- sent the highest standards in seed production. ‘True Blue” seeds will grow and yield the crop that you expect, pro- vided, of course, soil and season are right. It costs much more to produce such seeds. But they are sold with the satisfaction that they are as reliable and dependable as human efforts can make seeds. In this sense the “True Blue” seal stands for crop insurance. The particular garden hobbyist will enjoy trying the following: Livingston Specialties That Boost Garden Crops Grown under our closest personal supervision, you will find these vege- table strains as nearly 100-point in quality, and as certain to yield bountiful crops as any obtain- able. Bean, Livingston’s Hardy Wax. The most dependable, most prolific, round podded wax bean yet pro- duced. Perfectly stringless, al- ways. Pkt. 15c; '4 lb. 30c; lb. 50c; 2 Ibs. 95c postpaid. Beet, Crosby’s Improved Egyptian. A particularly reliable strain of very uniform quality. Pkt. 5c; oz. 15c. Corn, Livingston’s Early Sugar. Large, ten to twelve rowed ears with pearly kernels of delicious flavor. Pkt. 10c; 4 Ib. 20c; Ib. 35c; 2 Ibs. 60c postpaid. Melon, Livingston’s Ohio Sugar, as shown below, is one of the sweetest, large, green fleshed sorts obtainable. Does well everywhere. Pkt. 10c; oz. 20c. Tomato, Livingston’s Manyfold. The great- est new sort introduced since famous Liv- ingston’s Globe. Bright red, solid, early, most prolific. Pkt. 35c; %2 size pkt. 20c. Scores of other record-yielders in pedi- greed vegetables are listed in our free catalogue for which you should write TO-DAY. A Really Helpful Catalogue FREE A well illustrated guide to the most dependable varieties of vegetable, flower and field seeds as well as flowering bulbs and garden accessories. Its cultural directions will help greatly to make your garden work successful. Its “‘true-to-nature”’ pictures will aid you in select- ing the sorts that best serve your needs. Write for your free, copy of this practical garden book TO-DAY. THE LIVINGSTON SEED CO., 846 High Street, Columbus, Ohio Established fi 1850 ‘ TOMATO FACTS We have originated and introduced more tomatoes of merit than any other seed house. Our annual crop of highest grade tomato seeds amounts to tons. More Livingston's Stone Tomatoes are grown every year than those ofall other varieties combined. These and many other interesting data will be found in ‘‘ Tomato Facts,’’ a unique free booklet you should have. It fully explains why the house of Livingston is *¢ Famous for Tomatoes ’”’ Livingston’s Ohio Sugar Melon I Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too. 36 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE FEBRUARY, 1918 SS = -~--——— =) Ii = ——— = SSS ee = i Germany’s Plots Exposed il OHN R. RATHOM, the courageous editor of the Providence | Journal, begins in the February WorLp’s Work his great il Series on Germany’s plots against America. . The first article is i “The German Spy System From the Inside.” In their an- | nouncement the editors of the WorLp’s Work say: i Mr. Rathom, in the series makes exposures of some of the German plots I in America, of the systematic, secret war of the Kaiser on the American democracy, a war conceived in the cool calculations of peace, using | diplomats, men of learning, professional men, and the leaders of our business life in an orderly plot to undermine our ideals, to control our | commerce, and finally to conquer our nation by force of arms. The | story Mr. Rathom has to tell has all the action and adventure af romance, | but it has besides a message for the most sertous contemplation of the American people—the message that this machinery of internal disrup- tion is still in operation, that the agents of the Kaiser still ply their trade of death in the United States. pee Ok HENRY MORGENTHAU will begin in the WorLp’s Work, probably in the April number, the grapic story of : German Intrigues in the Near East This series of articles will be written from his letters, diaries, etc., revealing the inner facts of the German activities in Constantinople, the key to their Berlin-Bagdad dream, and the crucial point in their attempt to gain world domination. The articles will picture the machinations of Baron Wangenheim, the German Ambas- , The World’s Work sador, and the usurpations of the Young | (SEONG NY OLS Turks, headed by Talaat and Enver Pashas. NGNGESS LC HOLING ISSIES Oi I the WorLb’s Work beginning with The World’s Work “ Dien Ghee issue. on all stands, or clip and mail this coupon with one dollar to-day Brooder for 50 to 100 chicks No 3. Poultry House for 60 hens—2 units Setting Coop which can be put together ina jiffy by anyone. Hodgson poultry, the thing to do is get started right and Poultry Houses are arranged seientifically and made quick. Sosend for a Hodgson catalog. Then pick vermin-proof. : out the houses, coops and brooders you need and order. E. F. HODGSON CO., Room 311, 116 Washington St. They will come to you in neatly painted, fitted sections Boston, Mass.—6 E. 39th St., New York City HODGSON PORTABLE HOUSES OW that the government has urged the keeping of (Concluded from page 34) over, a sprinkling of nitrate of soda the last week of the month after the other fertilizers are harrowed in will be most helpful. This, however, is almost impossible to procure now, but a manure barrel should be kept in a convenient and secluded place in the garden, and if the plants are watered bi-weekly with the liquid they will grow to maturity very rapidly. Plant the smooth variety of English peas if weather is open and the ground is in good condition. Plant Irish potatoes with a com- plete fertilizer mixed well in the soil. Have the rows two feet apart and plant the potatoes fifteen inches apart in the rows. Do not cut the sets too closely. They should have twe or three eyes left on each piece. A precautior. against disease is to soak these sets for two hours in a solution of formalin before planting, one pint to thirty gallons of water, allowing them to dry before putting them in the ground. In the open ground plant the Sweet Peas in trenches with well rotted manure in the bottom, and as the plants appear push the earth about them and thus the trench is gradually filed. Fruit Trees, Shrubbery, etc. qk back the grape vines to two good buds on each branch, cutting away all weak growth, especially near the base of the main vine. The clover which should have been sowed between the rows in the fall may now be plowed under and bone meal and acid phosphate applied and harrowed in. Fertili- zers containing much nitrogen should be avoided as the vines will go to leaf. The necessary potash will be applied by deep plowing both in fall and spring. Deciduous trees of all kinds should be set out before the sap rises the early part of this month, and also the stone fruits such as peaches, apricots and plums. Poplars and Beech are best planted in early spring and indeed all ornamental trees that have a pithy, soft wood. Set out strawberry plants and work in a good fertilizer with the soil both for old and new beds. Place coarse straw or pine tags about the plants after working the ground, in order to keep the fruit clean. A good fertilizer for strawberries is a mixture of 250 pounds of acid phosphate to 100 pounds of nitrate of soda to the acre. To Make Better Flowers If THE wood ashes .and soot were saved as advised they may now be placed about the base of the Roses and worked lightly into the soil. Do not dig too close or too deep as it will loosen the roots. After the soil in the flower borders has been worked over thoroughly to a pulverized condition, low growing annuals can be sowed for edging or under the Roses. Such are Mignonette, Sweet Alyssum, Dwarf Phlox, and Portulacca. Annual~ Poppies can be sowed now and the Oriental Poppies trans- planted. Though both ‘are best sown in the fall they can also be sown early in spring and it is not too late this month. Look over the orchard and spray for scale if there is any evidence of it. Cut out all. obstructing limbs and suckers at the base of trees. Look over the small fruits and cut out the old canes of the raspberry plants and the gooseberry and currant bushes. At end of the month spray with bordeaux mixture. Virginia J. M. Patrerson. The Readers’ Service will give you suggestions for the care and purchase of cats and dogs and other pets FeBpRUARY, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 37 Protect theSong Birds and They Will Protect You! ¥ Without thesong birds all of our food crops would be destroyed by in- sects. They save millions of bushels of grain, fruit and vegetables every year. It is your duty to protect them and \ furnish them with safe homes, in ~@ whichtoraisetheir youngthisspring. You will be paid a thousand fold for the trifling expense. For they will pullos free your grounds and gardens »cy- = 3 from insect pests and gladden your » heart with their beauty and song. copper coping. There is just the right kind of A DODSON BIRD HOUSE for every kind of bird. You can attract any bird to your home grounds—by simply putting up the right Dodson House. And they willcome back to nest year after year. Don’t Wait for Spring—Order Now Many birds are suspicious of houses that smell of fresh paint. Put your houses out early and give them time to weather. Then you will be sure of a tenant for every house. Write today for beautiful Free Bird Book, with artistic free colored bird picture. Mail a postcard today to JOS.H. DODSON inition Assocation _709 Harrison Avenue, Kankakee, Ill. rid your community of these grain eating, quarrelsome pests. Price $ LANDSCAPE GARDENING LIKE EVERYTHING ELSE MUST BE WISELY PLANNED IF IT IS TO BE EFFECTIVE. ENTERPRISING HOME OWNERS WILL SURELY APPRECIATE THE IDEAS AND SERVICEABLENESS OF THE 1918 WOODLAWN CATALOG JUST OFF THE PRESS. TELLS OF SCHEME FOR WAR FRUIT GARDEN. IT RADIATES SERVICE—WORTH GETTING. SHOULD WESEND YOU ONE? NOW? WRITE. WOODLAWN NURSERIES— ALLEN L. WOOD 885 GARSON AVENUE, ROCHESTER, N. Y- Dodson’s Sparrow Trap, the only real commercial trap guaranteed ea “tReading Selma Lagerlof is like sitting in the dusk of a Spanish cathedral—certainly one has been on holy ground.”” —Hugo Alfvén, the Swedish composer THE NORTHLAND EDITION: nine of her greatest works in limp leather binding now ready. (Each, net, $1.75.) Send for booklet. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY *S Take a tip fr Zz SStrenches Cif you wont from “Lage the landscape gardeners) — practice “Camouflage on your awn home grovnds—and hide what your neighbors Shouldn't see! Screen your backyard, kitchen porch, garage, any disenchanting prospect (ours or Your neighbor$) with 3 row : of pines and other evergreens, cleverly placed te charm the eye with 2 beautiful vista. A The cost if quite sma(l— phone aay > tg Wits and ae d ow small.~ Koawing How ks A i-HICKS & SON WESTBURY (hone 68) L.1, x) Rs Kug Message a SS fo the PURCHASING AGENT of the Home HE decreasing buying power of the dollar that is stimulating thrift in many worthy directions is apt to induce some housewives to sacrifice quality in an attempt to save. ‘This is false economy. When you buy Whittall Rugs remember that excellence of materials and conscientious manufacture insure many, many years of service and that, judged by this greatest of all economical tests — durability —Whittall Rugs actually cost you less. “Oriental Art in Whittall Rugs” Our illustrated book describing the color refine- ment and beauty of design of these substantial floor coverings — sent free on request. M. J. WHITTALL ASSOCIATES 305 Brussels Street, Worcester, Mass. Look for this woven into the Trade Mark : back of Every Rug THE MARK OF QUALITY REG. U.S. PAT. OFF. The Mellera Sisters bought 850 Knight Berry Plants for $2.55. The next spring they harvested 1385 boxes of berries, netting them $136.33, besides having 150 boxes for their own use. Some For private gardens, lawns, estates, etc., as well as public grounds. Made of heavy, cold-drawn steel wires. Held together by patented steel clamps. Galvanized AFTE making, which makes it rust proof. Write for catalogue B. Ask your hardware dealer for EXCEL- SIOR rust proof tree guards, trellises, bed guards, railings, gales, etc. WRIGHT WIRE COMPANY, Worcester, Mass. Plants and Knight’s Catalogue will tell you how. Send for a copy to-day A —it’s free 2S eA DAVIDKNIGHT & SON 4 E Box 75 Sawyer, Mich. i THE MRS. JAS. LYNAS A most valuable garden rose Color; pearly pink at base of petal, flushed deeper shade at edges and on the reverse. One of the best of over 125 varieties we catalogue for Amer- ican Gardens. All are imported from Hugh Dickson, Ltd., Bel- fast, Ireland, and are strong, two year old, plants. As Imported Rose plants will be limited in America this season, we urge those who are contemplating Rose Gardens this spring to plac- their order at once. We must have all orders on file by MARCH 15th, to guarantee delivery for spring planting. Standard Varieties: 60c per plant; $6.00 per dozen; $40.00 per hundred. Our 1918 Illustrated Cata- logue, containing the finest list of Roses and Chrysan- themums in America, as well as Hardy Perennial Plants is now ready. If interested, write for a copy—if you have not already received one. GCUNRILIGS IE, ION (CO), MADISON NEW JERSEY ee i rTARDEN MAGAZINE 1918 FEBRUARY, War Garden Experiences and Wisdom HE Cleveland (Ohio) Garden Club’s War. Garden for 1917 struggled against fearful odds and needless to say no bumper crops were raised but much valuable information was stored away for future use and a certain amount of foodstuffs was marketed. A late start, a lack of practical knowledge of farming on the part of most of the promoters, tor- rential rains up to July, and a cold, dark and frosty September and October, were a few of the handicaps. The first unpleasant fact forced on our notice was that if any one had a good piece of ground he worked it himself. We went over the county with a fine tooth comb and the acreage offered free would scarcely raise weeds, according to the city expert who accompanied us. In desperation we rented a farm of twenty- four acres at a cost of $200.00 for the season, hired a farmer and helper, and put in potatoes, navy beans, field corn, tomatoes and cab- bages, whenever it’ stopped raining long enough to plant. The high price of seed potatoes and beans is an old story but a very sad one. The farmer was of the home grown variety and the bright spot of the whole adventure. He never planned to do anything, he always “calc lated,’ and when it came time to dig the potatoes and he was asked how long it would take he “thought it would ruin the better part of two days.” He was an excellent worker and understood his business, so_we cannot attribute our failures to him. We acquired the following expensive in- formation: 1. The soil was thin and we should not have tried to plant potatoes in freshly turned sod. 2. Some of our seed potatoes were bought in Michigan because they cost less, but they were no good and developed blight during the summer, emphasizing the fact that it never pays to buy cheap seed. 3. The potatoes should have been sprayed before the bugs arrived as well as afterward. 4. The land badly needed draining and a great deal of fertilizer. 5. he difficulty and expense of marketing produce twenty miles from town is not appreciated by the novice. 6. The high price of labor in Ohio makes farming a losing game unless the farmer and his relations do the major part of the work. We sold altogether one hundred and twenty- one bushels of good sized potatoes at $1.80 a bushel, fifty bushels of culls (and they were culls), at $10.00 for the lot, two hundred and ‘seventy-five bushels of tomatoes at approxi- mately $1.50 a bushel, the corn crop for $150.00, and all the cabbages to a sauerkraut factory for $10.00. Hush! Do not speak of the navy beans, commonly referred to as “‘the bean.” It strongly reminds us of that moving poem about “Little Orphint Annie,” who “When they turned the kivers down She wasn’t there at all.” Kate B. Burton. Practical Plans at Islip—The successful efforts at Islip N. Y., last year (as told already in THE GarpEN Macazine) lend interest to the proposed plan of operations for 1918. The Committee’s report is in part: “The Committee recommends two large pieces of ground of substantial acreage be secured for garden purposes, said ground to If a problem grows in your garden write to the Readers’ Service for assistance be under the direct supervision of the Club or special Committee appointed for this purpose- It is the idea of the Committee that all labor in connection with this garden movement be volunteered and that the crops be divided equally among the participants. As several members have volunteered to raise additional plants of. cabbage, tomato, etc., this will save others the tedious task of raising their own seedlings. Only crops of winter food value or such crops as may be used as a filler in connection with same are to be considered for the war garden and the following selections have been made by the Committee: Shell Beans, may be preceded by String Beans or Peas. Beets ss ee wy SF se A good lawn is a veritable mat of millions of grass plants which draw heavily on the fertilizing elements in the soil. No crop is in greater need of adequate fertilization. Takoma Odorless Lawn Plant Food a concentrated, quickly available fertilizer, applied about the season of April showers, will work wonders—and sustain the lawn in good shape throughout the year. It is absolutely odorless and more economical than other materials recom- mended for lawn grass, a little being sufficient for a large area. Send for our booklet ‘‘ The Maintenance of Lawns and Golf Courses,” which covers this subject thoroughly. Qdorless Plant Food Co., 1317-19 New York Ave., Washington, D. C: Y OUR garden can beno better than the seed you use. Carters Tested Seeds cost no more than or- dinary seeds, yet their wonderful records both in America and Great Britain show the value of generations of painstaking care used in selecting, testing and im- proving Carter varieties. When production counts so vitally, be sure your seed is: right and to make certain— purchase tested seeds. Sent free on request, Carters 1918 Catalogue ‘‘Garden and Lawn.’”’ Profusely illustrated with color pages. CARTERS TESTED SEEDS Inc. 104 Chamber of Commerce Bldg., Boston, Mass. Branch of James Carter & Co., Raynes Park, England burling Tested Seeckt. Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too eee eae ee ee 40 THE / a ie Rs £ 4 Zh x ‘en - coil ; = ao ed Stark City Roots mean Quality Fruits Are you planning to plant fruit? To you who realize the importance of fruit as a food, and the deliciousness of home-raised fruits, we offer these two big helps: FREE. ‘Inside Facts of Profitable Fruit Growing’’—a complete authoritative guide on every phase of fruit growing, 80 pages, many illustrations and diagrams; no advertising. Tells how to plant, prune, spray ; how to grow strawberries and other fruits. “Intensely valuable to fruit grow- ers,” says Dr. J. C. Whitten, Prof. of Horticul- ture, University of Mo. = “How to Beautify Your Home Grounds”—a 50- i : es page illustrated booklet which enables even the Frui ce novice to make the home place more attractive and : It Trees ond Dlants valuable at little expense. Tells what, when, where, Guarantoog to Grow and howto plant ornamentals; how to prune and care ee for shrubs, roses, etc. “I have received more ex- pensive books, yet none in which the subject is treat- ed more interestingly and practically.” W.S. Forbes, Winchester, Mass. Our new 64-page Catalogue, profusely illustrated, gives \ EINMAAAAT Beautify Furniture Protect Floor and Floor Coverings from injury by using Glass Onward Sliding Furniture Shoe in place of casters. If your dealer will not supply you write us. ONWARD MFG. CO. Our sure growing evergreens lend a finished touch to any home. For 56 years we have been furnishing choice, hardy evergreens to people all over America. We offer you the choice of the greatest evergreen stock in the world—over 50,000,000 evergreens on hand. We give expert advice free—furnish sugges- tions on tree arrangement. Write for Hand- somely Illustrated Evergreen Book—trees shown in true-to-life colors—Free! Get the Book. Don’t risk failure with evergreens of uncertain quality. Get the book and get posted. , D. HILL NURSERY CO. Evergreen Specialists DUNDEE, nue aA BOX 1066 ail “BUFFALO” PORTABLE POULTRY RUNWAYS enable you to make any size yard or runway desired. Can be moved to other locations at will. Prices as follows: 7 ft. long x 5 ft. high $3.75 per section 8 ft. long x 2 ft. high $2.00 per section 2 ft. 6 in. long x 5 ft. (Gate) 1.60 « “cc 6 ft. long x 2 ft. high 1.60 « 66 Above prices are for orders consisting of six sections or more and are F.O.B. cars Buffalo, N. Y. Best article on the market for young chicks, ducks, geese, and other small fowl or animals, also for enclosing small gardens in season. Place your order to-day! You wiil be well satisfied. Send check, money order or New York draft and we will send you the greatest article on the market for poultry or dog kennel purposes. Booklet 67AA describing this system will be mailed upon request, with six cents to cover postage. BUFFALO WIRE WORKS CO. (Formerly Scheeler’s Sons) 46% Terrace, BUFFALO, N. Y. MENASHA, WIS. DEPT. Till = = ils Ever- TOWNSEND’S The Greatest Grass- | precns 4 cutter on Earth, cuts a e 9 Beautify TRIP LEX ‘ Swath 86 inches wide. The Public is warned not to : Homes purchase mowers infringing the S. P. TOWNSEND & CO. Townsend Patent No.1, 209, 519, 23 Central Ave., Orange, N. J. Dec. 19, 1916. Floats over the uneven ground as a ship tides the Drawn by one horse and operated by one man, the TRIPLEX MOWER will mow more lawn in a day than the best motor mower ever made, cut it better and at a fraction of the cost. ‘ Drawn by one horse and operated by one man, it will mow more lawn in a day than any three ordinary horsedrawn mowers with three horses and three men. waves. One mower may be climbing a knoll, the second skimming a level and the third paring a hollow. Does not smash the grass to earth and plaster it in the mud in springtime nor crush out its life between hot rollers and hard hot ground in summer as does the motor mower. Send for Catalogue illustrating all types of TOWNSEND MOWERS Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too THE GARDEN MAGAZINI x! 4 y) Frpruary, 1918 Learn Paragon Shorthand in 7 Days AKE it a point of pride to learn ONE sure means of self support— Shorthand. Save others from worry. resources—Be Independent. If you are ever thrown on your own Our Government and the whole business world constantly call for trained shorthand writers. Even if you never expect to be obliged to work, here is an invaluable aid to quick,clean-cut precision in transacting business—your own, oranybody else’s. You are asked to memorize only as much as you can easily learn in 7 lessons, because the entire system consists of The Paragon Alphabet Six Prefix Abbreviations Twenty-Six Simple Word-Signs One General Rule for Contractions THAT IS ALL. The simple explanations and exercises are divided into seven lessons, each of which you can grasp in one evening. See for yourself how perfectly simple it is. Now you know how easy it will be for you to learn PARA- GON. Thousands of young, ambitious men and women who have a desire to be practical and who have failed to learn the old, complicated forms of shorthand have learned Paragon with ease. They have since become court stenographers, report- ers, assistants to business heads and in many cases executives of prominent concerns. Grateful letters in our files attest these facts. These Letters are Typical “T learned Paragon Shorthand from the home-study course—the lessons alone—without any further aid what- ever. At the end of a week I:icould write the system nicely. I am now using it in the Government service, Treasury Department, Washington, D.C.’’—E. C. Alley. “TI am getting along fine with Paragon Shorthand. It is allyouclaim for it. It is easy to write, and as for speed —there’s no limit.’”—John Waller, Jr., Standard Oil Company, Sugar Creek, Mo. Paragon is used in the offices of the largest firms and cor- porations in the world,such as Standard Oil Company, United States Steel Corporation and the great Railway Sys- tems. You must learn shorthand to do yourself justice and com- pete with others—as a busy executive, or as a beginner in business. Shorthand Writers Wanted You see Uncle Sam’s appeal every day—on the screen of the movies, in the newspapers, on posters, in public buildings. Big business houses are looking for shorthand writers to get the service they must have. Salaries are steadily advancing —and yet the demand for shorthand writers has not been supplied. Speed, Simplicity and Accuracy With Paragon you write with no complicated rules to re- member, no “‘lines’”’ to watch, no heavy and light ‘‘shading,”’ only 26 simple word signs, no confusion of meanings through the old elimination of vowels. Paragon notes never get “‘cold;’’ they are easy to read. Our New Popular Price Think of it. For $5 you can have a complete education in shorthand, a lifelong help—for yourself, for your wife or chil- dren. Exactly the same course has been taught for 15 years by its inventor, personally, by mail, at his regular fee of $25. Now with 7 lessons and the ingenious self-examination method devised by the inventor you can learn Paragon at home in seven evenings. You can now buy the world famous Paragon Shorthand Course for only Paragon Institute Home Study Department 119 West 40th Street FIVE DOLLARS enclosed for which send com- plete Paragon Shorthand Course, postage prepaid. Ifnot satisfied will return it in3 days and get my money back without question. Address...) : oy. ytaxdienisae scapes sen eeneeer cece nae ee Speed will develop pleasantly as you make daily use of your quickly acquired knowledge. : Stop right here and study the specimen lesson at the right. Try This Lesson Now Take the ordinary longhand letter a Elim. inate everything but the long downstroke and there will remain Y D. This is the Paragon symbol for It is always written downward. thing except the upper part—the circle—and you From the longhand Jetrer rub out every- will have the Paragon Eo Write this circle at the beginning of 7 and you will have Ed ? By letting the circle remain open it will be a hook, Thus 7 Add another A at the end thus / and you and this hook stands for A. Ad. will be will have a girl’s name, Ada. From “7 eliminate the initial and final strokes. and 9 will remain which is the Paragon symbol for O. For the longhand “77&% which is made of 7 strokes, you use this one horizontal stroke omw Therefore, 2.9 would be. Me. Now continue the E across the M, so as to add D—thus Tf. the large circle .O and you will have oa and you will have Med. Now add (medo), which is meadow, with the silent A’ and W omitted. You now have 5 of the characters. There are only 26 in all. Then you memorize 26 simple word-signs, 6 prefix abbreviations and one rule of contractions. That is all. | Guaranteed Satisfaction Send only $5 and if after three days’ examination you are not pleased with your investment we will refund your money and pay the cost of mailing both ways. We reserve the privilege of withdrawing this offer without notice. New York City Business.is. dcicielsnis wisicictae oo sy se Ae eee eee REET ECE ET: oid\sinlalole cd bin aneloatelerelers Gis aeieee maine een Garden Mag. 2-18 If a problem gfows in your garden write to the Readers’ Service for assistance | (Concluded from page 40) Mrs. Farmer took it upon herself to see that the injunction was carried out. The blos- soms were kept pinched off till June when a dressing of acid phosphate and chicken manure was given the plants, and in July we began to pick berries. This time the Superbs did better; but keeping the runners cut off helped the Progressives also, so that this year too, the Progressives proved to be the better berry. All in all we liked our everbearing straw- berries even better this year. Shortcake— with real whipped cream—any time Mrs. Farmer felt that the rewards for the farmer’s life should not be left to a future existence; canning and jamming and preserving straw- berries throughout the whole summer, thus avoiding the usual rush; and whenever we drove into town we had no difficulty in dis- posing of several quarts at fair prices. Then too, when a tool was to be- borrowed from ‘a neighbor, a quart or two of fresh ripe straw- berries in August sent along with the request always brought the desired tool back. From our experience with them, we should advise planting 100 or more of the Progres- sives and not bother with the Superb or the Americus. ‘The Progressive may now be had at reasonable prices from most of the reliable small-fruit nurseries, and there is no need of paying the fancy price of a dollar a dozen or anything like that price, especially if gotten in lots of a hundred or more. The plants need no coddling: plant them into fertile soil, keep the weeds down, and don’t let them runner the first year. However, human nature being what it is, if you can’t resist the temptation for more plants, it will be far better to let ten or twenty plants runner to furnish the plants, and the others be kept free of runners to fur- nish the berries. Maryland. H. A.M. A Yellow Garden [LOVE yellow flowers, they are so cheerful,”’ said a friend the other day. Nature seems to love them, too, and is lavish with her yellow blossoms, beginning with the Dandelion that stars the lawns almost before the snow is gone. There is but little time all summer when one cannot find wild flowers in yellow; and when the sun turns toward the south, all the accumulated sunshine of the long days bursts forth in a profusion of yel- low that seems to compensate in some degree for the diminishing daylight. The “57 varie- ties’ (more or less) of Golden Rod, mingled with Spanish Needle, .Rudbeckia, and Sun- flowers, make gorgeous the woods and way- side against the brown of grass and leaf.’ It is quite possible to have a succession of yellow flowers in one’s own garden, also, to “make a sunshine in a shady place” all 'the time from early March to Thanksgiving. The earliest, of course, are the Crocuses, the Mammoth Yellow that in sunny corners have been known to bloom, in February. In our bed, one pushed up to see the sun on Febru- ary 28th, but the sun hid behind a cloud and the Crocus did not open. Snow came and stayed on the ground ten days, the yellow of the bud showing above the snow. On March t1th that bud opened wide, as fresh as if just out of the ground, and was followed by twenty-five blossoms the next day. Often two hundred or more are open each day, mak- ing the bed a bit of glory in the fresh green of the lawn. Before the Crocuses are gone, Daffodils (Continued on page 44) 1918 FEBRUARY, = SCARCE ORDER EARLY r | ‘“HOUSANDS of successful 1917 garden- beginners are to-day praising Vauchan’s Seeds. Ten thousand City and National Gardens, successful with our seeds, already plan with enthusiasm their next year’s garden—bigger and better; we can help. For Over Forty Years we have gathered from the endsof the earth the Vegetables of quality and Flowers that bloom, and by our tests and trials we know and offer only such as will give results. .The available garden seed supply is the shortest ever known. Plan carefully and it will be safest to ORDER EARLY. Those planting in quantity, scarce seeds such as Onion, Cabbage, Beans, Peas, Pepper, Sweet Corn and Tomato. WRITE NOW for prices. 1918 War Garden Collections (Include Garden Booklet Free) No. 1 Complete assortment of Vege- $1.00 Complete assortment of Vege- No. 2 tables for 50 ft. garden, prepaid $1.50 tables for 25 ft. garden, prepaid Begin your 1918 garden—order one of the above. Vaughan’s Catalogue ‘‘Gardening Illus- trated’’ goes with either, or by mail FREE, 160 big pages with colored plates. 30 Greenhouses, 120 acres Nursery. VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE Dept. G, 31-33 W. Randolph St., CHICAGO Dept. G, 41-43 Barclay St., NEW YORK (U.S. Government License, No. 31074) MR. ROBERT PYLE—the well-known Garden Lecturer and Rosarian invites correspondence from garden lovers and societies. Subject —“‘The American Rose Gafden’’ illustrated with finely colored lantern slides. Address: West Grove, Pa. A LAWN EXPERT will answer your lawn questions and advise how to get the best lawns through the Readers’ Service. o aat,as it will when you ‘ d it to ys and get this In Bae air ov take. in your ear, $10, Can you beat 2 This will give you jour own froit all the year yound, and it’s eall juicier when Yor grow it yourself . nn yoo vite is tougher , ie distay Ot iC! STBURY @hone 68)L.I. Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 43 IVE it a running-start via cold frames—that’s how. Don’t be content to wait on a lagging Spring. Meet it half-way—or more than half way. Set out your seedlings in cold frames during February and early March. Give them a chance to grow into strong, sturdy plants, while your “‘open air” gar- den is still tied up tight in frost knots. Then when gentle Spring finally does deign to visit us “for keeps,’ you can transplant your well-established plants in NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA 42nd Street Building Tremont Building Widener Building CHICAGO ROCHESTER CLEVELAND - Continental and Commercial Bank Building Granite Building Swetland Building i TORONTO MONTREAL | Royal Bank Building FACTORIES ‘Transportation Building Irvington, N. Y. Your War Garden How to Make It Help Hoover Earlier in 1918 BUILDERS OF GREENHOUSES AND CONSERVATORIES SALES OFFICES Des Plaines, Ill. HIATT your garden, while ‘your neighbor is just setting out his seedlings. You willhave a running-start on him, of from six weeks to two months. You will not only have earlier vege- tables—you will have more vegetables, better vegetables. Send for our Booklet Number 215. Tt tells of the Pleasures and Profits of Cold Frames. Gives you aline on their possibilities. Is, in fact, a regular cold- frame manual. St. Catharines, Canada (HATTIE SSNS STLITTLILTTISLLSSI 14114 SAAAAAAAAAAAAANANNANANNAAANAN ANAS NATIVE RHODODENDRONS AND KALMIAS in Carload Lots, at Reasonable Prices Our collectors have secured a splendid lot of Rhododendron maximum and Laurels. in specimen plants, for spring delivery. These are the ideal hardy broad-leaved Evergreens for massing or grouping under trees or along borders. Get our prices NOW. Write for Free Catalogue Describes our general line of fruits and ornamen- tals which wiil be found complete in every re- spect. Please ask for your copy to-day. NAAN Fp a The Morris Nursery Company 949 Broadway, New Youk City SSS UID DIRT DIDUDIUTIULALTALIRLILLULILLILLLLYLLALLLLULLLLLLILLLLLLLLLILULLII ULL, 00 44 THE Before Pruning Get this Book It is a practical guide to right pruning. “The Little Pruning Book” will tell you how, when and where to prune your trees and shrubs for vigorous and healthy growth. It contains eleven chapters of sound pruning and pruning shear advice. Pruning is work at best but nothing comes nearer making a pleasure of it than Pexto Pruning Shears. You'll find them at your dealers. Look for the Pexto Tool Displays when you want tools of any kind. Send to-day for our free circular, or better still send 50 cents for a copy of the book. Your money will be refunded if it is not satisfactory. The Peck, Stow & Wilcox Co. MERS. Mechanics’ Hand Tools, Tinsmiths’ and Sheet Metal Workers’ Tools and Ma- chines, Builders’ and General Hardware. Southington, Conn. Cleveland, Ohio Address correspondence to2186 W .3rd St.,Cleveland,O. PRUNING SHEARS earlier than you ever had before It’s up to you to make your \ WAR GARDEN , @ booming success this coming \\ season. Don’t be satisfied \ with a garden like the other fel- low—beat him to it. Have a gar- den that you'll be proud of. No matter how backward the Spring, it’s easy with THE BALL SEED & PLANT FORCER Send for my Beautiful BOOK FREE. It’s chuck full of the latest developments in modern gardening. It gives you gardening infor- mation found in no other publication. Tt tells you how you can have a garden with flowers in full bloom and vezetables for your table a month earlier than you ever had before. Just drop me a post card and I’ll send you your copy by return mail. THE BALL MFG. CO., Dept. E, Glenside, Pa. The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Nursery Stock, etc. (Concluded from page 42) and Jonquils, Campernelles and Tulips are out. A Crocus lasts but two days on the bulb and not that if picked, but these others are all pickable and lasting. The most satis- factory are the Campernelles, small Jonquils, very fragrant, which often keep fresh two weeks on the bulb and nearly as long in a vase. Successive flower stalks keep them in bloom almost two months. The others are more showy and better known. The Iris provides several shades of yellow, cream, clear yellow, and yellow with brown trimmings. They last till June, and before they are gone the early shrubs have taken their turn and the perennials are ready to begin. The earliest shrubs are the Forsythia, w shich blooms before its leaves appear, and the spicy Missouri Currant, a favorite in old New England gardens. . And those who for- merly ied in New England “love it because it smells like home.” Many people value this shrub for its big black currants which make fine jelly or spiced currants. A little later than these is the hardy Azalea, a dwarf plant, which in yellow is a bunch of beauty. April and early May should see the plant- } ing of the annual seeds, Zinnias—lemon and golden yellow—Nasturtiums and Marigolds. Not that these exhaust the list, but they are the surest and most satisfactory, delighting in dry and hot weather as well as in the rainy season, and keep a succession of flowers till frost. Coreopsis, like these, is started from seed, but once started, sows itself till it may become a burden, after a few years. Golden Glow multiplies rapidly and one who has a root is usually glad to dispose of part of it. These furnish bouquets when other flowers are not so plentiful. If one has a vegetable garden, plenty of yellow blossoms can be had from the squashes, melons, cucumbers, and mustard. Yellow Dahlias, both single and double, are constantly improving in size and number of flowers. Lantana, too, is better than it used to be, and has two shades in yellow, the clear lemon yellow and golden yellow, turn- ing to red as it fades. But when these and all others are nearing the end of their beauty because of cooler weather, Chrysanthemums are just beginning. The “button” mums are as much a delight as the ordinary size and both will grow in the garden when the huge hot house beauty is beyond the reach of most of us. The cost of a yellow garden is compara- tively small. A quarter will give Crocus bulbs enough to start a bed, and another quarter will provide some Campernelles: these should be put in the ground in ‘the fall, just before settled cold weather. A third quarter in the spring will buy seeds of two kinds of Mari- golds, two shades of Zinnia, and Nasturtiums. Twenty-five cents more would supply two or more Chrysanthemums, and the succession of yellow flowers is practically complete. Others can be added as one has space to fill and money to spare or finds a friend with some to give away. ‘The care of the yellow garden is so small, one feels it is an induce- ment to try it. Of the spring bulbs, only the Tulips need to be changed and that only every other year. The annuals are sown where wanted and the mums and shrubs also are fixtures. Dahlias and lLantanas_ should be kept in the cellar over winter. But the pleasure would repay much greater efforts. M. C. K. Kansas. GARDEN MAGAZINE SILOAM FEBRUARY, 1918 Pittsfield Pure-Bred Day-Old Chicks Buy from the world’s largest producers. The Pittsfield strain ; is nationally known for vigor and heavy laying in Barred Rocks, White Rocks, White Leghorns, Rhode Island Reds and White Wyandottes. Prices based upon immediate acceptance. If prices drop we will give you the advantage. Great chick shortage. comparative icy, left for March and April delivery. OR TO- DAY. The government strongly Rene Pes ais to raise and eat more poultry. The supply of chicks is far from equal to the demand. Safe delivery guaranteed. Write, stating number and breed of chicks, and when wanted. oo. 2c. stamp for “F eeding and Care of icks. PITTSFIELD POULTRY FARMS 282 Main Street, Holliston, Mass. . “A Little Book About Roses’ The rose-lover’s annual delight 1918 EDITION NOW READY Mailed on request George H. Peterson Rose and Peony Box 50 Specialist Fair Lawn, N. J. Ht) ARTA Ts Do You Read Books! ID you ever want to talk over with some friend who was “well-read,” his opinion of books you were intending to purchase ? {| This is one way to save money and much time. 4] The Editorial Staff of The Garden Magazine will be glad to advise with our readers on books they may intend to purchase, and will also undertake the ordering of these books for our readers. § Write to us and let us talk over books with you. 4 We will be glad to recommend books for your purchase in any subject in which you are interested. Address your letter to the Editor Garden Magazine, Garden City, New York. FEBRUARY, 1918 _ Your War Garden America can feed the world Food will win this war But the big farms cannot do 1t all because the labor sit- uation Is a serious problem There- fore, the home garden, your garden, must be planted to a greater extent. than ever before, that the maximum production from the farms may be sent to the Allies ' Aeay oe AND SEEDS Pakro Seedtape will help you to have a better, a more efficient garden It 1s the scientific way of planting. The seeds are evenly and accurately spaced in a thin paper tape And a whole row 1s planted at a time, resulting in straight rows of evenly spaced plants Thinning out 1s prac- THE GARDEN MAGAZINE “King GREENHOUSES DEFY JACK FROST On the coldest winter’s day it is summer time inside of a King Greenhouse. Flowers and plants are in full bloom, and vegetables of all kinds are growing. Open the door, and with one step, you pass from mid-winter into the bright, cheerful atmosphere of the tropics. King Greenhouses are beautiful, both within and without. They have a special type of construction which permits of graceful sweeping lines, and at the same time gives great strength, without the need of heavy shadow casting supports. Each King can be built to harmonize with its surroundings, and express the individuality of its owner. You will find real happiness in a King Greenhouse. Why not send to-day for literature and tell us about the greenhouse you have always wanted. Our experts have made many dreams come true. Plans and estimates gladly furnished without obli- gation. &. GA : : eon, ‘ : tically eliminated. Your dealer can supply you. The Quantity Package of Quality Seeds Write today for the handsome cat: alog of Pakro Seedtape and Seeds. The illustrations are from actual pho- tographs and reproduced in actual colors It shows how a million gar- den owners saved time and work and money last season in planting their gardens. This catalog will be sent you immediately upon your request without charge and prepaid. American Seedtape Co. Pakro Building 364 Ogden Street, Newark, N. J KING CONSTRUCTION COMPANY 397 King’s Road No. Tonawanda, N. Y. All the Sunlight All Day Houses BRANCH OFFICES: New York, 1476 Broadway; Boston, 113 State St.; Scranton, 307 Irving Ave.; Philadelphia, Harrison Bldg., 15th and Market Sts, Just because * beautiful landscapes are Seen so often on the $ estates fi the rich doesnt mean that they “run high’, You'|! be amazed to learn for how little money (with lots. of taste and 6O years of knowing ng hon) we can give 3 Small suburban house-lot a setting that a millionaire would env RM Just ask vs—and see, It’s all. PY matter of clever planting of Phone shrubs and trees—and write, or Tow S$ the time to de i! The New Japanese Artichokes EEDSMEN report that there has been an unusual demand for Jerusalem arti- chokes since the home garden movement has gained in impetus by the war. More people use these artichokes for food than might commonly be supposed, and not a few are sold in the city market. A new kind of artichoke from Japan has now come into the market, and seems to be far superior to the old-fashioned sort. It is commonly called simply Japanese artichoke, although its botanical name is Helianthus Sieboldi. Although belonging to the same family, this vegetable greatly differs from the common Jerusalem artichoke. The plants grow only about two feet high, and the tubers are small, hardly more than an inch long. An immense number of these tubers are at- tached to the root of each plant, and may be pulled up with the stalk. They are pure white, and look very attractive after the earth has been removed. They contain more juice than the Jerusalem artichoke, and may be cooked in various ways, being steamed or boiled, and served with melted butter. There is no reason why they should not be- come a common vegetable in American gar- dens, for they can be grown with the greatest ease in almost any soil. There is some danger, of course, of their becoming a weed, because tubers which are left in the ground sprout the second year. The careful gardener, how- ever, may prevent any trouble from this source by pulling up such undesirable plants as may appear in the spring. ‘The tubers should be planted about three inches under ground, and about a foot apart. It has been found that hilling up slightly is an advantage, as some of the tubers grow near the surface. Like the Jerusalem artichokes, the Japanese artichokes wither quickly after being exposed to the air. If they are to be dug for winter use, they should be stored in damp sand in the cellar, or better still in a pit out-of-doors. Another good plan is to cover the bed where they have been growing with boards, over which leaves or other litter can be spread, so that the ground will freeze only lightly. Then the tubers can be dug at any time during the winter when the ground is not covered with snow. Another kind of artichoke, sold under the name of Helianthus is somewhat larger, but not so large as the Jerusalem artichoke, and has a red skin. It makes a good vegetable, and has the characteristics of the Jerusalem artichoke in several ways. The plants are tall, and have an attractive yellow flower, so that this plant is decorative as well as useful. E. I. Farrincton. Different Varieties of Beans pe season of 1917, famous for the Declar- tion of Food Gardens before it was famous for the Declaration of War, has introduced many beginners to growing crops; it has also introduced many queer crops to seasoned gar- deners. ‘‘Emergency”’ seed has done some mad, some maddening, and some delightful things on our hands this year. I bought shell beans of a pole sort, an approved variety, name no matter because they all rotted in a swimming May, and for their sakes set up poles. Not to have my la- bor of pole setting wasted, I planted down, between showers, the only beans I had, one (Continued on page 48) down on paper, however crude Nit may be, we'll help yor to make your dream come true, and we'll allow a fae: seers 3214 WALNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA. 4 if The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Gardening Feprvuary, 1918 bael 1d; GARDEN MAGAZINE AT ADETOAERT NENG HTT NOI OL ME ETON OC Is your garden all that you wish it to be? AGNER PARK experts can give your garden the ravishing beauty you desire it to possess. Wagner Park Nurseries place at your command an innumerable variety of shrubs, trees and flowers. Long experience and artistic taste enable us to plant these so as to bring into relief every natural advantage. We will make your garden a riot of bloom from springtime until frost, and a symphony of green and white when the snow falls. If you wish, a Wagner Landscape Gardener will make a careful study of the possibilities in your garden or estate. Or, we will arrange a suitable planting from a sketcn of your grounds and if you find our plan inviting we will ship the plants you need or have one of our experts do the planting for you if desired. AIVUNVNUIOLUUALALVUAUUUOLH AULA UUHUIUNAIAA UNO AICO No matter how large or small your grounds may be, send for our catalogue 92. It describes our service and gives many valuable hints to those desiring true garden beauty. WAGNER PARK NURSERIES Gladiolus Kunderdi The wonderful new races originated by A. E. Kunderd of Goshen, Indiana A UINNNLLUNUUUALOLUNLAULUAAULL LULU Our 1918 catalogue contains 93 wonderful new varieties all offered now for the first time. Nearly 300 varieties are described. All of our own creation. Most of them can be obtained only from us. No other strains of Gladiolus can compare with these. Send for our 52 page free catalogue. It contains 24 illustrations. You are not up to date without it. A 4 TT UOC Mts EV UU UUATT 2 EE O ” Just Guide the Nozzle ® of our No. x Auto-Spray and grip the auto-pop shut-off with your thumb: The Auto-Spray will do the rest—no clogging, and no waste of expensive solution. a outfits are made in 40 stvles and operated [: hand, traction or gasoline engine. They are used by State Experiment Sta- tionsand by over 450,000 farmers, gar- deners, poultrymen and home owners. Order early. Send to-day for 7vee @ Spraying Guide and catalog. ‘ E. C. BROWN CO. , 850 Maple St., Rochester, N. Y. 5 Saas 0 The New Edition of “Choice and Rare Hardy Plants”’ | will be ready for mailing on February Ist. In addition to the many extraordinary kinds offered in the last issue, it will de- i} scribe quite a number of unusual hardy plants not obtainable elsewhere in this country. Every plant we sell is guaranteed | true-to-name. Learn al] about the best hardy plants which ideal soil and climate, plus human skill can produce by re- questing your copy of “Choice and Rare Hardy Plants.” ] Mailed Free on Request Write for it To-day | ~ Box 962 SIDNEY, OHIO Verona Bird Houses Give your bird friends a log house. A shelter in winter and a home in summer. The best bird house made. Price $1.50. Three for $4.20 f. 0. b. Verona. Mail weight five pounds. Send for illustrated list. W. H. BAYLES, Verona, New Jersey DWARF APPLE TREES DWARF PEAR TREES DWARF PLUM TREES DWARF CHERRY TREES DWARF PEACH TREES Catalogue Free THE VAN DUSEN NURSERIES C. C. McKAY, Mer. Box sense, /N: nse LLL ddd eae Li Masters Plant Weiler Pays for Itself Every Day Used Transplants Tobacco, Tomatoes, Sweet Potatoes, Cabbage, Straw- berries, Eggplant and all similar plants. No Stooping—No Lame Back Each plant set, watered and covered—one oper- ation. A full stand; no resetting, an earlier crop. Most practical planter ever invented. Is guaran- teed to set three times as fast and easier and better than hand work. Money back if not satisfied. Write for Free Booklet. MASTERS PLANTER CO. Dept. X Chicago, IIl. LLL SUNDIALS Real Bronze Colonial Designs From $3.50 Up Also Bird Baths, Garden Benches, Fountain Sprays and other garden requisites. Manifactured by The M. D. JONES CO. 72 Portland St. Boston, Mass. Send for illustrated Price-List and apale Flower Seed FREE OR 30 years I have sold reliable seeds. Thousands of customers testify to this. My seeds not only grow, "but produce big yieids. They must make good or I will. 3lst annual catalogue now ready. Write for copy. Lists All Kinds of Farm Garden and Flower Seeds The best arranged, most comprehensive and easiest cat- alogue to order from ever issued. A few specialties are: Certified Seed Potatoes Wisconsin Grown Seed Corn Pedigreed Oats and Barley Wheat, Speltz, Rye, Buckwheat. Northern Clover and Alfalfa Tested Garden and Flower Seeds Send postal to-day. Mention this paper. Will include packet flower seeds. L. L. OLDS SEED COMPANY Drawer D MADISON, WIS. Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too THE Write for series” —carefully shaped by Catalogue in any state, North or South. by freight, express or parcels post. Our Service Department will help you to beautify your Tell us your conditions. Our 1918 illustrated catalog describes a complete stock of ornamental trees, shrubs and vines; also apple, peach and home grounds at least cost. other fruit trees. Write to-day. “Largest growers of fruit trees in the world” e 9 ; , ) s j J.GMARRISQN -& SONS* PROPRIETORQ Box 56 are grown by experts in ““The World’s Greatest Nur- have magnificent root systems——will live and thrive We grade liberally— you get good, big trees for your money. All Har- rison Trees are packed with great care—roots oforna- mentals are securely wrapped with burlap. pains are taken with large and small orders. We ship Berlin, Maryland ——— Plant Norway Maples For Quick Effect Plant Harrisons’ Norway Maples this spring. Ro- bust and hardy, they grow rapidly into towering round-topped trees with a dense bright-green foliage. They will be a source of delight when hot days come. Harrison Quality Trees Norway Maples— the King of Maples } proper pruning. They Equal Booklet giving valuable culture directions free Cetar Acres B. HAMMOND TRACY, Box 27, Wenham, Mass. SEWAGE DISPOSAL An Efficient System which You can Install Your- self. For Home, Factory and Institution Aten Sewage Disposal System Designed by an expert to eliminate the cess- pool. Thorough in construction, absclutely odorless, self-operating, permanent and inex- pensive. Costs nothing to operate. Our pamphlet No. 6 tells how it works. Sewage Disposal Co. 286 Fifth Ave., New York City J. T. Garrison says: '‘Send name and address and I sy will send you free book brimful of information on 1) STRAWBERRY CULTURE, easily understood— 7 6lyearsof practical experience growing for market— ¥4 together with my catalogue, describing the kinds to Sy grow, and the only wonderful Fall Everbearing, 40 '%7 SAS varieties, newest and best. Write to-day. J. T. GARRISON & SONS Box A-4 Woodstown, N. J. RHODES MFG. CO., ON AVE., GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. OO READY TO BEAR FRUIT TREES Root pruned; four years old; Spy, Green- ing and other apple trees; Bartlett, Seckel, Clapp and Anjou pear trees: Montmorency cherries; trunks 11 to 2 inches, 6 to 8 feet tall, $2.00 each; any three for $5.00. SAMUEL FRASER NURSERY, Inc. 173 Main Street, Geneseo, N. Y. STIMIUINUUNMUMUUTITSTUDUU TAU UTC GET THIS BOOK FREE Tells how to cut living cost through pro- ductive gardens. Why ovr Pure, Tested Farm, Garden and Flower Seed grows the biggest crops—the finest flowers. A beautifulrzz page book in colors: De- scribes new 1918 varieties vegetables and flowers. Handsomely illustrated; beautiful home grounds, flower and vegetable gardens, landscaping, shrubbery, orchards, farms. Veritable dictionary on gardening! Flower lover’s delight! Berry-growers’ book! An orchardist’s manual! Plan your 1918 garden from this valuable book, Galloway Bros. & Co.. Dept. 411, Waterloo, lowa cam FLOWERS ? FREE my select 1918 Flower List. Send dime and receive also art study of ROSES IN NATURAL COLORS for framing and packet of New American Beauty Aster Seed—also coupon good for roc on a soc order. My methods eliminate high cost prices. Try me. MISS EMMA V. WHITE, Seedswoman 3014 Aldrich Ave. So. Minneapolis, Minn. Have you gardening questions? If a plant fails, tell us about it and ask help from the Readers’ Service. HE only pruner made that cuts from both sides of the limb and does not bruise the bark. Made in all styles and sizes. All shears de- livered free to your door. Write for circular and prices The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Nursery Stock, ete. GARDEN MAGAZINE 1918 — FEBRUARY, (Concluded from page 40) june day. They were a baking sort of white ean, larger than common, blunt ended; | got them by the pound at a chain-of-stores gro- cery, and the family had eaten most of them before I mobilized them as seed. They ger- minated 100 per cent.; then the cut worms took a third of them. I planted again from the current food-stock, a large old-rose sort of cranberry bean. (This latter variety is much grown by Sicilians here in this coalfield, used green for summer, and also dried; they cook it with macaroni and a dash of cheese.) cs The cranberry variety has done well, and I am canning the young shelled beans as I do limas. But the chain-store white beans are a valuable sort, unknown to anybody about here. They make pods of a golden white, ten or eleven inches long and almost an inch broad, set with six to nine beans, their pods of the appearance of best pie crust. As a string bean they are enormously prolific, hand- some, and would command double prices from epicures, as beside tender quality they have a butter-and-mushrooms flavor. Shelled young beans of this sort keep the mushroom flavor also. It seems a _ thoroughly dis- tinct variety; three vines of it broke to green pods with an occasional yellow, probably from mixed ancestry. I am saving plenty of seed of the pure yellow plants, to grow an- other year. But can any reader of THE Gar- DEN Macazine tell me what the bean is, and whether it comes from California, Mexico, or Japan? Another visitor to our midst is the “butter- bean,” seed being furnished for it by a Dutch- man. It isa pole bean of rather glossy foliage and conspicuous tufts of gay white and yellow- ish flowers, an enormous bearer, its beans are better than the Sieva limas though nearly like them in appearance when cooked. The catalogue name of this sort, if it has one, no- body knows here. It is my guess that the very high prices of hitherto cheap foods forced merchants sup- plying industrial populations to rake and scrape the corners of the accessible world last year in their efforts to keep up stock of grades of food which they could sell at something like accustomed figures. Beans with a re- stricted local circulation were possibly in considerable stock here and there, and tons of them were picked up cheaper than grades and colors known to all grocers and all house- wives and to army and navy contractors. Evidently they were not kiln dried; prob- ably the trade did not consider them as “standard.” I foresee that I shall in 1918 plant a few specimens of every queer new bean that I buy for the pantry. I shall establish a Hag- enbeck’s Menagerie of beans from every ‘quarter of the globe, for the pleasure of seeing what comes of what. Some of them may turn out valuable domestic animals, like the giant-podded pie-crust bean of this year’s dis- covery. Pittson, Pa. E. S. JoHNson. —The chain store white bean (of which samples were sent) is the old Golden Cluster Wax. The occasional green pods are “rogues” and may be expected to occur in any neglected strain of Wax Beans, which 1s the reason why a gardener should buy seeds direct from a regular seedsman and not from a hardware dealer, nor even from the corner grocery. Possibly the “‘butterbean’”’ (no samples sent) is the old Challenger or Potato Lima.—Ed. Fenrvuary, 1918 PH GAR DEN MAGA ZINE 49 Now for a Patriotic Garden of Food Plants Despite attempts at food control, prices will rise. Half the world has turned from work to war. Upon the other half falls the work of feeding all. Each month will witness an increased strain on our food resources. Stocks are depleted especial- ly of canned goods, fruits, preserves. NOW is the time to set out plants that will boost next season’s fruit supplies. HALL’S PLANTS WILL BEAR FIRST YEAR The following plants and roots are ideally adapted for home gardens, large or small. They will yield good crops in most any soil and are hardy in all climates. Py planting our strong, transplanted 2 year old bushes this spring, a year’s time is gained i in getting crops. Vegetable Roots Currants Raspberries Grapes Asparagus White Grape (best white), Red St. Regis (new everbearing Campbell’s Early (new black), Conover’s Colossal or Pal- Cross (sweetest red), Perfec- red), Early June (earliest red) Green Mountain (earliest metto, two standard quality- tion (mew red). Price extra white), Lucile (splendid new kinds, strong 2 year roots, strong, 2 year old plants, each red). Extra strong 2 year $1.00 per 100. 20c.; $1.75 per dozen. Two old vines, 25c. each, $2.00 Rhubarb each of the above 3 kinds per 10; any 5 for $1.00 post- New Champagne, each 25c.; $1.00 postpaid. i $2.00 per Io. shown above. Plum Farmer Charles A. Green Head of Green’s Nursery Co. will give Personal Attention to requests for special prices on Red Cross, Diploma, and other Currant Bushes and Downing Gooseberries; for Apple, Pear, Elm, Maple, Ash-leaved Maple, Norway Maple, Hardy Catalpa, Golden Willow, and Norway Spruce trees. Learn about the New Rochester Peach and Corsican Strawberry. New handsome illus- trated book on fruits and flowers, also com- plete catalogue, sent free on application. Address (new blackcap). Four each of the above 3 kinds for $1.00 postpaid. paid. SPECIAL OFFER: IF ORDERED BEFORE MARCH 15th We will send prepaid the above 6 Currants, 12 Raspberries, 5 Grapes, 100 Asparagus, 5 Rhubarb, together with one dozen each of a splending Blackberry and New Everbearing Strawberry, 152 Plants in all for $5.00 Prepaid. This is one of the most liberal offers we have ever made. Send in your order to-day, don’t delay. Write for Free Catalogue to learn all about the merits of the individual kinds, and which also describes our complete assortment of Fruit, Nut and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Roses, etc. L. W. HALL COMPANY, Inc., 502 Cutler Building, Rochester, N. Y. Gladiolus Blooms vad nell Until October ¢« 7 25 BULBS FOR 25 CENTS We make this offer to introduce our flower and gar- den seeds. One set to one person with a coupon en- closed good for 25 cents on the next order. This beau- tiful flower always blooms the first year. Bulbs grown on our northern farm bloom early, are hardy and pro- duce bigger, brighter blossoms. GARDEN CULTIVATION BOOK FREE ! Explains the cultivation of our big line of Northern- grown field, flowerand garden seeds. Our peas, beans and potatoes insure big money-making crops. Used everywhere by professional growers. Write for our book to-day. Lou S. Darling Seed Uo., 121 Michigan Street, Beteskeyp Michigan. CHOICEST DAHLIAS FOR 1918 Visitors to our gardens last fall were amazed at the gorgeous blooms of the distinctive varieties we had on exhibition. We have a good supply of vigorous roots of the same stock to offer our patrons this spring. Catalogue mailed on request Somerhousen Dahlia Gardens, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. GREEN’S NURSERY CO. 7 Wali St., Rochester, N. Y. Destroy Tree Pests Kill San Jose Scale, Apple Scab, _ Fungi, lice, bugs and other enemies of vegetation by spraying with & GOOD'S@2:FISH OIL SOAP NOS Does not harm the trees—fertilizes soil and aids healthy growth. Used and endorsed by U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. FREE Our valuable book on Tree and Plant Diseases. Write for it to-day. JAMES ‘GOOD, Original Maker, 2111-15 E. ‘Suequehanna Ave., Phila. Handy Box of Plant Labels Assortment complete from 3% inch tag label, copper wired, to ro inch garden label, 300 in all, with marking pencil; packed in a neat strong box for mailing. Needed in every garden. An appropriate present to a friend intezested in gardening. Price $1.20 postpaid. Beyond the fourth zone add fifteen cents. W. H. BAYLES, Verona, New Jersey SHRUBS TREES PLANTS Grown to Produce Results We have an exceptionally nice lot of Strawberry Plants, Fruit Trees, Vines, Shrubs, etc. Our book Hardy Fruits and Ornamentals tells you about them. Write for your copy to-day. The Coe Converse & Edwards Co. Nursery & Landscape Men Fort Atkinson, Wis. (Box E) A Garden Library for a Dollar and a Quarter Bound volumes of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE represent the last word on gardening. It is really a loose leaf cyclo- pedia of horticulture. You are kept up to date. Save your copies of THE GAR- DEN MAGAZINE and let us bind them for you. There is a new volume every six months, and Vol. 24 is ready now. Send your magazines by Parcel Post and Pot-grown rose bushes, on own roots, for everyone anywhere. Plantany time. y Old favorites and new and } rare sorts, the cream of. the world’s productions. “Dingee Roses” known as the best for 67 years. Safe delivery guaranteed any- where in U.S. Write for a copy of Our ‘‘New Guide to Rose Culture” for 1918. It’s FREE see it 40 $500!—and me see jt bot enjoy it only $88 it, —and still Keep an having it—more and better ‘ avery year! Your 95 will buy: 2 Kepple trees, 1 fear, 1 Plom, 5. GrapeVines , 25 Raspberries, 5 Rhebarb, 5 Currants —and | it wont be ‘long befor ‘ore You at Y #500 worth out of that |~ to mention the on of growing i# all yourself Quality and satisfactory Growth absolutely guarardzed, Phone er mail your order at once, ON, we will supply index, and bind them for you for $1.25. If you have not kept all of the numbers, we will supply the miss- ing copies at 25c each, or we will supply the bound volume complete for $2.00. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE can be of more service this year than ever before, and you can get most out of the magazine when you bind it, and keep it in per- manent form. Address: Circulation Department GARDEN MAGAZINE, Garden City, N. Y. Illustrates wonderful ‘“‘Dingee Roses” in natural colors. It’s more than a catalog —it’s the lifetime experience of the Oldest and Leading Rose Growers in America. practical work on rose and flower culture for the amateur. Describes over 1000 varieties of roses and other flowers , and tells how to grow them. 4 Edition limited. \ Established 1850\ 70 Greenhouses /— THE DINGEE & CONARD CO. / Box 237, <= West Grove, Pa. Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 50 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Fepruary, 1918 Remembering Our Native Nuts | fg Nyon declaring myself a vegetarian, I may say that nuts are the only genuine substitute for meat. Moreover, being of purely mae vegetable origin, they are very wholesome. I'S so easy to have Some people claim that they cannot digest * a luxurious, thriv- : nuts. They are easy to digest if properly ing, healthy garden Be’ eaten; they should not be taken as a duck takes that no one should be a ll corn. Any food taken by the vacuum-cleaner satished with any other iil method is difficult to digest. Sern kind. One tool is all At a time when the conservation of our Skinner System Sprinkling Line in garden of Alfred I, you need—a simple, well- national food uP is of eo pee Se ee i neta ey pas os ance, we must consider our natural as well as balanced, easily operated our cultivated sources of food. I mean the 3) Double Your Vegetable Yield fa ta Neh food which is produced without labor and from the Same Ground | ULI-EASU . which can be had for the gathering. Our =e Sem % Pe native nuts are the most important of such Cees eee ee Nea of ADJUSTABLE Seger foods. In the light of our new needs let us 1918 that it yielded i in Aoi. ee a briefly consider the possibilities of our wild er oueanidoror inner Systein Ct eae GardenCultivator #3 nuts, either as excellent foods in themselves System abundantly gives to your plants what they : or as substitutes for other forms which are Ron tieycnaae waren Pree tonghem Instantly adjusted to any ‘ = not now readily attainable. : , gentle, evenly distributed spray, like heaven’s WitlthifromUitonainches The black walnut is our most widely dis- a re ropa It proreneentnent so you can cultivate the Se i | tributed nut tree, and it may be considered from drought-loss. ; full width of any row,right . ®@ | our most valuable nut tree. The black walnut e NO Ore Coren a con avon emp up plone. to the plants as i is very democratic; it is one of the most fa- | as well ascrops, ee Bh iat without injuring them: miligr trees of the landscape of every State |} |, yeasts seu SUB7S or our 59 fot See PRA teckarcal, Mace in the Union. The black walnut alternates Waters a space 50 feet square. ‘(eae “GV Gein LYS RONG atl light and heavy crops; but of the trees in any airman i S/S SERS follows workediationee: 0 eee | locality, some will have heavy crops each year. Ti Ski | x 3 C, (BS ; J | A mature tree will give an average yield of half he inner rrigation O.. ose Gear a AIL ie os cane a bushel of shelled walnuts; and when one con- SO it, write his name and your P oS siders the vast numbers oe walnut trees in Water Troy ee ea Ne a mx. | rural sections and the high food value of the Se Ohio wilh $1-50% BS 8 faa sy nuts, one is impressed mere eran of { ofl NNER ra ea fea: f conserving this natural, rich food. ee eaey Ba Both Ae shellbark and the shagbark hick- YS SYSTEM ah cal nose Dre BS (oo f ory are excellent nuts. They and the walnut OF IRRIGATION. quest. Paint pd Nese is form the great triumvirate of our wild nuts 7 y Aceustedifor Saul bX at ; that are worth while. In the South the pecan narrow T tO would take the place of the shellbark. The ds A ah fxs hickory-nuts are widely distributed over the “MOSS AZTEC’? POTTERY has never been equalled in quality, at its price. Its rich coloring, and bold, yet elegant design, combined with highest grade workmanship, make ic distinctly the pottery for the critical. SERVICE, AND STYLE--PLUS, at modest prices “Moss Aztec’’ Ware comes )) in many distinct kinds and styles of pottery, from sim- plest vase to elaborate Jar- dinieres, all bound to blend harmoniously with the richest home surroundings. Ask your dealer for ‘*Moss Aztec” and write for the free cata- jogue To-day. PETERS & REED POTTERY CO. South Zanesville, Ohio North, East and Middle West. They prefer highlands and mountain valleys. Commonly these fine trees are found in bottom lands subject to overflow, and along streams and rivers. Their yield is not so commendably regular as is the yield of the walnut, but most trees, during bearing years, yield very heavily. What I see happening in Southern Penn- sylvania to the crop of wild nuts is typical, I fear, of what occurs elsewhere. Unless nut trees happen to be on highroads or quite near towns or villages, the crop is usually ungath- ered. It is said that vast quantities are thus allowed to waste because the price does not Hin Mone en soy cs asl he SSS cela crop Ge COGS nothing pays better) suhbe HOW TO GROW ROSES”—Library Edition; 12t pages—z6 in natural colors. Not a catalogue. Price $1, refunded on $5 order —_ se AO ass Mid cleieooeoat wong price mentioned is for walnuts; that on shell- | for plants. The Conard & Jones Co., Box'24, West Grove, Pa. a . 5 barks is usually high—as much as $4.00 a ¥s Hae Deen ae on ‘ bushel being given for prime nuts. If people The Readers’ Service gives Information Oe ee ENCE A. le knew the value of nuts as food, the demand About Greenhouses andisaeh for them would instantly increase. A family of five or six members can readily make use of three bushels of hulled nuts between November and the following summer. In a Does a Clean Job— D A iH L. | A S dry, cool place shellbarks will keep a full year. Eat — A few suggestions are offered as to the prac- Saves a Lot of Work OF DISTINCTION | | tical uses of nuts: 1. They form a rich garnish That's the story of “SCALECIDE,” the Premier dormant spray. It will abso- lutely clean up San Jose scale—will also control apple canker, collar rot, bud moth, case bearer, aphis, pear psylla, etc. No other spray will do all this. You want the new mammoth kinds f | for leaf-salads. They may also be used in that will win the prizes. I have lately fruit salad, grape salad, and the like. 2. originated over 200 gorgeous new dahlias Nuts minced fine are an excellent filler for 2 5 : “SCALECIDE” c be t which I am offering in my new catalogue. pane wiees: ae Saisie for aoe SURELY half fe usual ine put on in one- . . great sa Stillman’s dahlias are world known. (Get (|) case ee eee ee mea Gs end yougetthroushon an afternoon’s work. 3. Nuts are one of the time, Pleasant to han- dle. Sold om Money Back Basis. Send today By booklet a copy of my new descriptive catalogue |. and guide, free. Over 1400 kinds grown candy. 4. Nuts may be served in the place chief “finishers” of certain types of cake and last season. of a regular dessert. It is a boon to a house- B.c. ee co., ‘We ; VW RCiDE GEO. L. STILLMAN, Dahlia Specialist keeper to have a ready resource of this sort. Seno hone LSU r Oe eros Westerly, R. I. Box C-8 ARCHIBALD RUTLEDGE. Dept. & New York = . ae ~Youik yy Mercersburg, Pa. The Readers’ Service is prepared to help you solve your gardening problems Presprouary, 1918 nm e : ; -=—<=Buy Wi sely= | S| Huntington Quality Seeds, Bulbs, Plants, Roses, and other good things for the particular gardener, are offered at prices certain to attract the wise buyer, IML = To buy at the lowest price is often poor judgment, but suppose we take all the risk, and offer to refund or replace anything not perfectly satisfactory. Order anything here or from our catalogue subject to your inspection. We want a share of your 1918 orders and of those in the years to come and we are willing to do our part to get and to keep your good will. Here is a few “get acquainted” offers taken from the bargain page of our 1918 catalogue. Gladiolus Offer No 1, 6 America, 6 Baron Hulot, 6 Empress of India, 6 Mrs. F. King, 6 Independence, 6 Augusta; 36 bulbs guar- anteed to bloom for $1.00 delivered. Gladiolus Offer No. 2, 2 Peace, 2 Panama, 2 Niagara, 2 Chicago White, 2 Fred Wigman, 2 Faust} 2 Attraction 2 Willy Wigman, 2 Glory of Holland; 18 bulbs guaranteed to bloom for $1.00 delivered. Gladiolus Offer No. 3, | Pink Perfection, 1 Europa, | War, | Schwaben, 1 Mrs. Watt, 1 Loveliness, | Golden King, | Norma dee Childs, 1 Rouge Torch; 9 fine sorts guar-~ anteed to bloom for $1.00 delivered. Special Phlox Offer, | Eiffel Tower, | Europa, | Frau Antone Buchner, | Jules Cambon, | R. Von Hochberg, | Sieboldii, 1 Pantheon; 7 fine field grown sorts for $1.00 delivered. Special Iris Offer, | Tamerlane, | Princess of Wales, | Isolene, | Caprice, 1 Rhein Nixe, 1 Midnight; 6 fine sorts for $1.00 delivered. We are willing to abide by your THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Nitraco is a Fertilizer That Will Meet Your Every Fertilizing Need ILL do so because you can use it safely on everything that grows—be it vege- tables, fruits, or flowers—with an as- surance of sure results. You can use it in any climate—in any soil. NITRACO comes in finely granulated form. It is smooth and velvety to the touch. It is ue free fromlumps. Equally free from odor. It is a fertilizer in highly concentrated form. No straw, sand or other useless filler mixed with it. It is ‘all wool.” NITRACO contains the plant foods that all plants vitally need: Ammonia, Phosphoric Acid, and Potash. Contains them in just the right proportions. NiITRAT Horticultural Dept. Harry A. Bunyard, decision as to the quality of any of the items offered here, or in our catalogue, which offers hun- dreds of items that would in- terest you. Free for a postal. Ralph E. Huntington Painesville, Ohio LLL LLL \\\axtiel, Dahlias are distinctly original; and famous for their wondrous beauty of form and coloring. I offer a limited number of “Fantastique’’—Orchid Paeony @ $3.00 each “‘Geo. H. Mastick’’—Hybrid Paeony @ $3.00 each These were recommended for the “Award of Merit” (highest award) by American Dahlia Society, New York, Sept., 1917. Have other “‘Mastick” creations; also the best American and Foreign varieties. Catalogue. M. G. TYLER 1660 Derby Street Portland, Oregon. fegetable Lore ». What to Plant—How to Plant MAGAZINE for the benefit of the amateur gardener. Its aim is to teach planting, growing and cooking of 4 vegetables. An all-year companion of the home gardener. No advertisements —no high-sounding terms. Just truthful, understandable advice for the happy men and women to whom the garden is a play- ground and a patriotic necessity. Full value to subscribers in excess of claims or money refunded. Issued monthly— sample free—$1.00 per year. MAURICE FULD, 1457 Broadway, New York —the most reliable and beautiful book on roses ever published. Superbly printed in colors. Contains expert advice to home planters on how to grow roses and other It’s FREE. Tells all about our famous Write to-day. stock. HELLER BROS. COMPANY, Box 221, New Castle, Ind. Part of NITRACO is immediately available. The other part continuously becomes available. Not only boosts your plants at the start—ii keeps on boosting them. NITRACO is sold in units ranging from 1 lb. cartons to Ton Lots. You can get just the amount that you actually need. Your Seedsman can probably supply you. If he can’t we will sell you direct. PRICES Price for larger quantities upon application. AGENCIES 108 Pearl Street New York OR Largest importers and growers of OrcHIps in the United States Send twenty-five cents for catalogue. This amount will be refunded on your first order. LAGER & HURRELL SUMMIT, N. J. H Orchid Growers and Importers MOO N’S Make This Possible | . AOON’S Evergreens and Plants are making homes moreattractive, more delightful and more intrinsically valuable every day. Yet just buying shrubbery does not make an attrac- tive home. Thought in the selection and arrangement of varieties is required. Success vitally depends upon the healthfulness and vigor of the stock planted. By buying Moon’s-Evergreens you get a wide choice of varieties —a quality that only intense culture gives. You obtain the advantage of Moon’s experience and help in making your choice. Write for Catalogue B-; THE WM. H. MOON COMPANY NURSERYMEN MORRISVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA Philadelphia Office 21 South Twelfth Street Moon Nursery Corporation White Plains, N. Y. Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden. Magazine in writing—and we will, too THE GARDEN MAGAZINE FEBRUARY, 1918 Gardening Efficiency is largely a matter of correct tools | for different purposes. After the garden is made, results depend mostly on cultivation. It kills weeds, aérates the soil and con- serves moisture. All this is done in the easiest manner with the Perfection Cultivator The lightest cultivator on the market, hence easy to operate. A perfect machine to do the job of cultivating completely; it cuts the weeds, pulverizes the soil, throws the soil to or from the rows. Leaf-lifters prevent injury to plants. A simple change of bolts automatically adapts the machine to shallow or deep cultivation, deep for use on loam or shallow cultivation on heavy clay. Of simplest construction and strong- est workmanship. Any of 3 Sizes $3.50 each No. 1, with two discs, on which 6 inch or 7 inch knives may be used, will work rows, 9 to 11 inches wide. No. 2, with four discs for use with 714, 814 and 834 inch knives; will do the work between I1 to 14 inch wide rows. No. 3, with four discs, and 10 or 11 inch knives, works 13 to 16 inches wide. Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. Order to-day—don’t fight weeds the old-fashioned way. Descriptive circular free, as is also our catalogue of seeds for present planting. Leonard Seed Co. 226-30 W. Kinzie St. Chicago, Ill. Tavita CAVITIES FILLED AND FILLED RIGHT Decayed wood thoroughly ‘scraped out. Cavity properly braced. Cement applied in sections, scien- lifically. That’s The Bartlett Way. It means safe, sure results. All tree ailments we cure laslingly, presentatives go everywhere, Send for“‘Tree Talk,” The F.A. Bartlett Co.,538 Main St.,Stamford,Conn- (The Wonderful Everbearing and All Other Fruit Plants) We are headquarters for all kinds of Strawberry kK Plants, includiny the Fall or Everbearing, which z U t, September, October and November as well a June and July. Also Raspberry, Blackberry, Gooseberry, Elderberry, Currant and Grape Plants, Fruit Trees, Roses, Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Seed Potatoes, Vegetable s for Hatching, Crates, Baskets, etc. Large Stock, Low Catalogue free. Box 829, Pulaski, N. Y. Plants, Egg Prices. 35 years’ experience. L. J. FARMER, Making a Little Go a Long Way I HAVE just read a book on gardening by noted authority—a good book, too— in which a chapter is devoted to the immortal subject of fertilizers. Unhappily this chapter is near the front of the book and to the hard-pressed suburbanite who fondly hopes that his garden will be a help in his struggle against the high cost of living, this 1s the message—manure, yes, the best of fertilizers, apply 60 to 100 cartloads to the acre! If the suburbanite’s heart sinks it is no wonder when manure fetches two dollars and a quarter a load! [Even more nowadays.—Epiror.] The authority continues that if less manure is used 500 to 1,500 pounds, according to the grade, of commercial fertilizer should be used to supplement the more modest spread of manure. For commercial fertilizer we pay three dollars and a half to four dollars a hundred pounds! If the suburbanite, who notes in his evening paper (while he hangs to a swaying strap in the home-bound trolley) the rise in the cost of every thing from shoes to rice, recovers from this last shock it is a marvel. My garden happens most conveniently to be just one acre in size—and (writing under a pseudonym my shame is less) upon this acre each spring I broadcast two precious loads of manure, again in the fall two loads! I buy one hundred pound sack of the best commercial fertilizer and use it sparingly— as one would red pepper! These two with a modest compost heap, wood ashes from the house, rotation of crops and an endeavor to keep a fifth or sixth of the garden in clover and rye for plowing under—constitute my fertilizers. Enough? Certainly not. I have fallen so low as to try to get an extra amount by begging my family to remember my birth- day (coming so opportunely in April) by giving me a load of manure. They never have and the garden struggles along—I can afford to feed it not one cent more. My soil is not particularly good—one of my spring pastimes is picking up stones (boulders they sometimes seem) and carrying them off by the wheelbarrowful. Neverthe- less, we have vegetables enough for the whole year round, including potatoes, also small fruits for fresh and canned use. I have even taken a prize for tomatoes at a local show. That was my one splurge for my vegetables are not unusually big or fine—just ordinary nice ones. My radishes and turnips (two vegetables which we fortunately detest) are, | must admit, poor. When I figure up my $13.50 spent upon fertilizers against a low estimate of $135.00 of the book’s authority, I am very much pleased with myself, my vegetables and my garden and most glad that I read the dis- couraging authority after I had learned by experience how much can be done with a very little fertilizer, and not before. Minnesota Js Tel, IN; [The books always deal in maxima doses, the ultimates, but much good gardening is done with less. Brains and _ intelligence count for much.—Ep1ToR. | ICK'S GARDEN GUIDE FOR and FLORAL 1918 ITS REE ore BET. Several New Features Based on our experience as the oldest mail order seed concern and largest growers of Asters and other seeds in America. 500 acres and 12 greenhouses in best seed growing section. Our Guide is full of helpful information about planting, etc.— an invaluable aid to a successful garden. IIlus- trates and describes leading Vegetables, Flowers, Farm Seeds, Plants and Fruits. With our Guide, the best we have issued, we will gladly include interesting booklet, “‘A Liberty Garden.” Both are absolutely free. Send for your copies to-day, before you forget. For 25¢ we will include either our Superb Class And Color Aster Collection of three 20¢ packets, one each Perfection White, Mikado Rose and Autumn Glory (Pink.) Or Our Finest Small Garden Vegetable Col- lection of six packets, one each Beets Vick’s Early Market, early, best red. Carrot Danver’s Half Long, extra fine quality. Onion Crystal White Wax, early, large, mild. Lettuce Big Boston, sure heading, delicious. Radish Vick’s Scarlet Globe, most popular ever grown. Tomato Royal Red, very productive, deep rich color. For so¢ both collections, and a packet of our famous Early Flowering Cosmos. JAMES VICK’S SONS. 62 Stone Street, Rochester, N. Y. The Flower City IEPAGES TUBES .A HOUSEHOLD NECESSITY A aap. WRITE TODAY Sera -omD ahlia se “‘The Cream of the Best’’ Imported and American Novelties Catalogue on Request J. H. Bowman, 497 Bway, Paterson, N. J. PAT Serviceable Attractions for Beautifying Home Grounds “Pergolas” Garages with Pergola Features Lattice Fences Garden Houses When writing enclose 10c. in stamps and ask for “Catalogue H-30.” HARTMANN-SANDERS CO. New York Office 6 East 89th St. NEW YORK CITY Factory & Main Office Elston & Webster Ave, CHICAGO The Readers’ Service is prepared to help you solve your gardening problems 5 Fesrvanry, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 53 eee oo mn UL Morris Nurseries|| Order Norway MaplesNOW || You Can Grow Just ar Heads — Be ready to plant in early Spring. A most valuable ornamental tree that adds a dis- tinctive touch of Beauty to lawn, street or avenue. Grows compact and de- velops into a wonderful shade tree. Norway Maples are nota- bly free from insects. right in your own garden, in most any soil providing you sow the right seeds at the right time and follow the culture directions in Buist’s Garden Guide. Among our more than thirty distinct sorts of lettuce, one is sure to serve your needs. If in doubt which lettuce to grow, try BUIST’S “VERIBEST” LETTUCE The “very best’? butter head lettuce for early crop, forming solid heads, with most appetizingly crumpled leaves of a rich yellow within, light green without. It is a sure header, free of bitter flavor at all stages of development and stands a long time before bursting. Pkt. 5c; 0z. 20c; + lb. 60c postpaid. Two Other Buist Quality Vegetables Send to-day for our free descriptive catalogue, and price list of reliable Nursery Stock. Morris Nursery Co. Buist’s Perfect Model Beet is a very sweet, fine- Buist’s ‘‘Earli-Bell’’ Tomato is unquestionably the Box 804 West Chester, Pa. grained kindof deeprichcolorjand extraordinary quality. choicest early home garden sort of most prolific character. It retains this quality until long overgrown. Pkt. 5c; Fruits are smooth, flesh solid and of elegant flavor. Pkt. oz. 20c; } Ib. 60c postpaid. 5c; 0Z. 35c; ¢ lb. $1.00 postpaid. Send for Buist’s 1918 Garden Guide To-day Besides offering the most dependable strains of the best quality vegetables to grow in the home ROBERT BUIST COMPANY garden, it gives valuable culture directions how to grow them. Every line in it is Philadelphia, Pa. DEPT. Z written to help you to better re- sults in the garden. Its ‘“‘Monthly Reminder”’ is a feature not found in any other seed catalogue. Write us TO-DAY—try above specialties. Don’t Wear ail i a Truss : 3 Brooks’ Appliance, the modern scientific invention, the wonderful new discovery that relieves rupture, will be sent on ee mpc: e cRaoKs WHOLESALE PRICES Brooks’ Rupture Appliance On large orders of small fruit plants; large assortment Irises, Peonies, Hardy Plants and Heentonetic AisiGushions: Binds and draws of the BEST new and standard varieties to select from, ncluding the BEST fall bearing kinds. 25 Japanese Gar den Specia ties the broken parts together as you would a broken : e hudins im ropaga fall fru i ore and Saat ship- Send Illustrated 1917-18 et peri in propagating fruit plants, ip- ] - limb. No salves. No lies. Durable, cheap. Sent ment backed by our ironclad guarantee. Send to-d end for our illustrate ogue on trial to prove it. Protected by U. S. patents. fe f; . shi f b Over 600 fine varieties of Irises Catalog and measure blanks mailed free. Send iarEneie Bec catalogue. showing veisitibascs et perce fi name and address today QO 1980 Montreal Avenue C. E. BROOKS 23D State St., Marshall, Mich. A. P. Weston & Co., Bridgman, Mich. Rainbow Gardens 5. Paul, Minn- ic SUNN UNNNAUNAUUCN EUAN S The Readers’ Service will give ‘you information about gardening A M E R I C A N-G R O W N 66 9 TREES Mastodon” Pansy Seeds (THE finest pansy strain in the world. Sep- arate colors. A marvelous number of new shades and varieties and of great size—up to 3in. in diameter. Seed is not plentiful. Price, pkt. 15c. Glorious Delphiniums Gold Medal Hy brids and Belladonna Seeds The finest strain of hybrids ever offered. We grow Del- phiniums by the thousands. Price, pkt. 15c. (& Send for list. Order your Seeds NOW. THE PUDOR FARMS, Puyallup, Wash. PLANT, SEED, AND BULB GROWERS ee UR stock of trees, shrubs and plants is not cur- tailed by the stoppage of NNUAL THU foreign shipments. We sell Andorra-grown. Catalog on request Birds, our Garden Allies Your choice for $1. aie three for $3.50. If by Parcel Post add Postage. ANDORRA NURSERIES Weight of three 12lbs. Iam doing ‘‘My Bit’ in making these Houses cheap Wm. Warner Harper, Prop. 1 Ee i Recent ad “Bidet Toms River, N. Je Box 100, Chestnut Hill, Phila., Penna. y THE @ ORIGINAL CHEMICAL] 30,000 Sold 007: Gloset eres More Comfortable, Healthful, Convenient Eliminates the out-house, open vault and cesspool, which are breeding places for germs. Havea warm, sanitary, odorless toilet right in your house. No going out in cold weather. A boon to invalids. Endorsed by State Boards of Health. ABSOLUTELY ODORLESS Put It Anywhere in the House The germs are killed by a chemical process in water in the container. Empty oncea month. No more trouble to empty than ashes. Closet absolutely guaranteed. Guarantee on file in the office of this publication. Ask for catalogue and price. ROWE SANITARY MFG. CO., 5302 6th Street, Detroit, Mich. Ask about the Ro-San Washstand—Hot and Cold Running Water Without Plumbing 5 Joy Blackberry, St.Regis Raspberry, Van Fleet Hybrid Strawberries, Ideal and Caco Grapes, Everybody’s Currant,'Van Fleet Gooseberry Our Catalogue No. 1, tells all about them and describes also all “the good old varieties’ of small fruits. In it are also offered a full line of Superior Roses, i Fruit aiveest Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Vines, the best Nut Trees, Hedge Plants and Garden Roots Send for it to-day—it is FREE. Prices Low. Our Plants are raised under most favorable conditions, and cared for by efficient nurserymen. Their ability in digging and packing our stock is unsurpassed, and insures delivery to you in perfect condi- tion. 40th year. 200 acres. J.T. LOVETT, Inc. - - BOX 125 - = LITTLE SILVER, N. J. Advertisers will apprediate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 54 THE DigYourTrenches The Easy Way" Digging is hard anyway, but it generally is made harder by heavy, clumsy tools. Light forks are not very practical, because they easily bend and soon give out. Exper- ienced gardeners who prefer to do their own digging will be delighted with the Quaity Lrench Spade The greatest utility spade yet invented for use in the home garden. So light, a woman can handle it without fatigue. So strong, it will outlast two common spades. It stands up under more pressure, goes into grcund easier, and is a more satisfactory digging tool than any other implement we know of for the purpose. PRICE $2.25 Other Osmundson Labor Savers of interest to every garden owner are the “Perfection”’ Seeder, Posthole Augers and Diggers, Turf Edger, etc., etc. Let Osmundson garden tools help you combat the labor shortage. Osmundson Spade Mfg. Co. Perry = Iowa Aes FRUIT-FOG SPRAYERS Last year thousands of dollars were added to fruit profits by Fruit-Fog! No greater success for controlling all pests and fungus diseases which destroy your fruit, has ever been perfected! Fruit-Fog is the finest known formofspray. It is produced by the high pressure of Hayes Fruit-Fog Sprayers. Being superfine, it stamps out the millions of hidden germs and eggs wihch no coarse, heavy, low pressure spray can reach. = OVER 50 STYLES We make over 50 styles of sprayers for all kinds of spraying, and a full line of high grade nozzles, fittings, etc. Write at once for our Spraying Manual, one of the most complete guides ever written, and beautiful 68-page catalogue of Hayes Fruit - Fog Sprayers. Both books sent free and postpaid upon request. | HAYES PUMP & PLANTER CO., Dept. S, Galva, Ill. BUREOERERGRGRRGMRTRRREAADE REDE Garden as you would cut the lawn Push this ma- chine along the rows—Kills the weeds and mulches the soil, in one oper- BARKER ation. Weeder, Mulcher and Cultivator re: t's Cuts the weeds under-ground and breaks the hardest crust into a por- ous, moisture-retaining mulch—zztenszve cultivation. Works close up to plants. Cutsrunners. ‘‘Best Weed Killer Ever Used.”” A to- year-old child can operate it. Does faster and better work than ten men with hoes. Has easily attached shovels for deeper cultivation. Inexpensive. Makes gardening profitable and a pleasure. Send to-day for Free Illustrated Catalogue and Factory-to-User Offer. BARKER MFG. CO. Dept. 11, David City, Neb. The Art of Sowing Seed UNLIGHT; heat; moisture; suitable soil; ventilation; and sufhcient room, are the sum total of points to be thought of in raising plants from seed. Sunlight is even more necessary for small plants than for those nearly grown. In poor light, growth may be rapid but weak and spindly, and the plants either fail to survive transplanting or mature poorly. Even 48 hours of poor light, when the little seed- lings are just coming up, may injure them almost beyond repair. Be sure you can provide plenty of direct sunshine—or don’t attempt to grow your own plants. A warm temperature—45 degrees or so at night for hardy early things like cabbage and onions; 55 for tender things such as tomatoes or Salvias, with ten to fifteen degrees more in either case during the day, is required to get satisfactory development. ‘The plants will dive in a considerably lower temperature, but they will not develop into first class plants. While the seeds are germinating the temperature may be some ten degrees higher with advantage. A fairly steady, even tem- perature is also important; decided ups and downs tend to check growth. Moisture is important for the air as well as for the soil. The latter should be kept evenly moist; never allowed to get actually dry, but not watered so much as to become soggy. The soil in seed flats, in flats for transplanting, and even in benches or frames, should have a layer of some porous material, such as small cinders, sod, leaf mold screen- ings, or fine manure, under it, to absorb or permit to drain off any surplus water after watering or rains. Apply water on bright mornings, so that the surface soil and foliage may dry off before night; dampness and dark weather together make danger from the stem rot or “damping off” disease. The character of the soz in which to start the seeds is important. If you are starting but two or three flats of seeds, the easiest and quickest way will be to obtain some pre- pared soil from the nearest florist. To make it for yourself, get humus, or some leafmold from the woods, and mix with clean light garden soil, using a third to a half of the latter. Leafmold should be rubbed through a sieve with about a quarter inch mesh. The coarse fibrous residue remaining makes ideal drainage material to put in the bottom of the flats or benches. The soil for transplanting, after the seedlings attain the second true leaf, should contain about half as much humus or leafmold as that for seedlings, and have a little fine bone meal mixed through it— a pint or so to a bushel of soil; prepare it a week or two before using. Manure used in the bottom of the flats or in the frames, under the soil, serves the double purpose of supply- ing plant food and good drainage. Ventilation and space. At all stages of growth frequent ventilation and plenty of room are essential to the growing of rugged plants. Admit fresh air every morning to room, greenhouse or hotbed, unless the weather is so severe that there is danger of chilling the plants. If seedlings come up thickly, they must be either thinned out at once, or transplanted just as soon as they are big enough to get hold of. In transplanting allow two to three inches each way for the plants of cabbage, lettuce, cauliflower, etc.; beetsand kohlrabi may be puta little closer; to- matoes, peppers and eggplants should be trans- planted a second time, or better, put into indi- vidual pots. The square ones being preferable. GARDEN MAGAZINE Frepruary, 1918 STANDARD of the WORLD ey Residence of C, D. MacDougall, Esq., Auburn, N. Y. IRON FENCE AND ENTRANCE GATES OF ALL DESIGNS AND FOR ALL PURPOSES, WE INVITE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THOSE -WHO ARE INTERESTED- The Stewart Iron Works Co., Inc. “‘The World’s Greatest Iron Fence Builders”’ 655 Stewart Block Cincinnati, Ohio SwWRITE~- FOR BOOK OF DESIGNS a 6 Glorious ROSES Hardy, Everblooming, Guaranted True to Name. 25 All bloom this summer. Mailed postpaid for Cc Admiral Ward, Dark red. Josephine, Salmon-pink. Mrs. A. Carnegie, Snow white. Lady Greenall, Orange-yellow. Cherry Page, Carmine-pink. Warrior, Scarlet. 10 Packets Flower Seeds The following collection blooms froin ear] y summer to late fall: Aster, Sweet Alyssum, Marigold, Petunia, Pansy, Phlox, Poppy, Salvia, Verbena and Zinnia, Generous Pkts. Extra special value postpaid roc. I will also mail 5 packets of Hardy Daisy seed (five cclors) for 15¢ or I will mail the above 3 collections, the%6 Roses, the ro pkts. of Flower Seed and the 5 pkts. of Hardy Daisy Seed all for 4oc. . I will send six new, hardy roses in large two-year size postpaid for only $1.25. p COMPLETE CATALOGUE FREE Lists over 400 roses, all the newestand best. Dahlias, Ferns and everything for house and garden. Send for your copy to-day. MISS JESSIE M. GOOD, Bex 207, SPRINGFIELD, OHIO The Readers’ Service gives Information about Real Estate Nitrate of Soda Data as to increased crop yields due to the use of Nitrate are available. Why not make your business of crop fertilizing profitable by the use of Nitrate of Soda whose efficiency is known ? . A bushel of corn or wheat or a bale of cotton today will buy more Nitrate and more Acid Phosphate than ever be- fore. Send for “Increased Crop Yields from the use of Nitrate of Soda” Dr. WM. S. MYERS, Director Chilean Nitrate Committee: 25 Madison Avenue, New York The Readers’ Service is prepared to help you solve your gardening problems FesprvuarRy, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Put your Country Home behind the Army You must graze sheep on those lawns of yours to save labor and help clothe a battalion of in- fantry. You must put hogs into that field of decaying tree stumps to help feed a regiment at the front. You must do these things or else shut up your country place and call it waste land. Ten to one your country place is a liability, not an asset. There’s nothing particularly wrong about that—in times of peace. Now, however, this nation has got to rid itself of the things that drag. It must do away with them or turn them into things that pw//—that will help win the war. The one great magazine of the country home—in war as in peace—is undertaking the task of showing, practically and specifically, how you can make your country place help the nation in its time of need. Its editors are working with the Government, with Hoover, with Garfield, with the Department of Agriculture, with the experts in animal husbandry, gardening, farm machinery, poultry raising—getting the last word from all upon what you country home owners can do to help solve the nation’s problems. Take COUNTRY LIFE’S Course of Instruction on Estate Management in War Time. Don’t lose another minute. Enroll in the Army of Production and Help win the War Remarkable Offer—Don’t miss this Three of the Coming Although the regular price of The New COUNTRY LIFE The New COUNTRY LIFE, Color Manuals is 50c a copy, or $5.00 a year, payable in advance, we will GARDEN CITY, N. Y. ee ce er fo Te Del revit aren LOUISE BEEB vi B P & The New COUNTRY LIFE, and March : bill me for $2 00. THE NATIONAL RED CROSS ( P 1ONAL, RE The New . ae April Gc t |b f condodaaoaedcooONMOaGOOON moe GLORY THAT WAS ~ oun r l € PNG ATESS inate ste tereiaeris Hons ofe,. sictaretahele FRANCE (PAINTINGS BY CHARLES DUVENT) May Garden City Ce eC i Ce ai New York Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 56 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE FEBRUARY, 1918 beautiful new/ster Moreton Pink" . Arich, glowing pink Aster, the first of this color which wer, all growers have been trying to get. A magnificent x flower of finest form, and with long graceful stems. (See our catalogue.) “4 dh “We f Harris’ Flower, Garden and Farm . Seeds Always Grow They are all tested and the percent that grow is marked on " the label. You do not have to guess how thick to sow. We ! raise at Moreton Farm many vegetables and flower seeds and plants of the very highest quality. They can be depended upon to give the very best results, and they cost no more. Ask for our catalogue (free) and get your seed direct from the grower at wholesale prices. JOSEPH HARRIS COMPANY BOX 51 COLDWATER, N. Y. ae | a = Sage ARRIS age: Soe yi ee and SOMETHING NEW UNDER THE SUN Garden hobbyists everywhere will be interested in two new devices de- signed to increase gardening results and joys The Propagator is the greatest little ‘‘hothouse’’ ever invented. Heated by lamp. Great for forcing highest t Lughest qua For Forcing Vegetables, ete..is a rigid frame, so braced that glass cannot be blown out, and is water- tight. seeds and seedling plants. Prices glass). from $6.00 and upwards. — Write for descriptive circular of these novelties. Ask your nearest hor- ticultural dealer for full prices. F.O. B. Boston. Toopes Price, $1.35 each (without PROPAGATOR ROBERT F. TOOPE, 272South Botolph Street, Boston, Mass. c FMDUUVAUUVOO0UO0 C000 OEE COEOOOOCOEUEOTEOOOODOOOOOOOOOT ON Collins’ Fruit & Floral Guide | | for suburban gardens, covers every subject of im- | portance—from roses to raspberries, from privet hedge to pear and peach trees. Includes inex- pensive plantings that assure a continuous pro- fusion of fresh fruit, asparagus, etc. Get your copy to-day—FREE ARTHUR J. COLLINS & SON Box 23, Moorestown, N. J. 100 berry plants $9.25 il “a : —bear from May till frost ill SITUATION WANTED as head gardener or superintendent. English, 40, married. Over 25 years, practical experience raising vegetables, farm crops, fruits, flowers, greenhouse product, care fo poultry, dairy, general livestock. pruning and spraying of all fruit and shade trees. First class references. Address Box 121, care the Garden Magazine, Garden City, N. Y. of living in the must contain a complete country—and not Kipling—that is, if you Your aving any big trees around your own home —to look out upon, to rest and play under, to make friends with 2 Expensive — foo long to wait? =Neither—not Library plan to afford your children the heritage of the Anglo-Saxon family. Published by Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. when you pot if up to us to plant Il-grown Shade trees, of your own = picking—visions of loveliness—havens of cool comfort—right on Your lawn —in days time , at astonishingly low charges Ask vsall about it. To Make YourPlants Grow—A Wonderful Japanese Discovery To make delicate plants strong and strong plants more luxuriant, to keep flowering plants blooming longer.and make vegetables grow quicker, such are the remarkable properties of OY AMA— Odorless Fertilizer. Helps all Plants. It stimulates and invigorates the system of the plant. A discovery based on scientific research. Highly concentrated and easily ap- plied. Results show quickly. Price per box by mail prepaid 30c, Garden Size $1.10 (enough to make 32 gallons.) Order to-day. OYAMA PRODUCTS CO., Box 664, Newburgh, N. Y. H4ALIMODENDRON argenteum is a shrub: apparently little known in gardens and deserving of a much wider cultivation. It is a wide spreading shrub and grows about six feet tall, bearing a number of sharp spines on the older branches; is perfectly hardy and flowers profusely every year toward the end of June and lasts in flower for about three weeks, being very attractive the whole of the time. The flowers, which are of a pale purple color, are borne on lateral racemes of two or three together and are pea-shaped, the plant being a member of the Leguminosae. The foliage is compound, and of a silvery appear- ance, being covered with pale, silky hairs, and is deciduous. Standing both heat and drought with no ill effects is much in its favor, and as a native of the dry, naked salt fields of Siberia suggests it as a valuable plant to succeed in the neighborhood of the sea- shore. The easiest way of propagation is to graft on Caragana arborescens in January, but a few will also root from cuttings put in sand at the same time of the year. Seedlings also come up fairly readily especially if left on the shrub till one or two good frosts have occurred before being planted. DRA palustris is one of our earliest spring flowering shrubs. The flowers which appear before the leaves early in April are borne in clusters of two or three together and though small are usually very abundant. These are pendulous and of a yellow color and are made more attractive by the yellow stamens that protrude below the corolla. The flowers are followed by numerous small berry- like fruits of a greenish-yellow color and ripen early in the summer when they very quickly fall off. Dirca palustris is wide spreading and densely branched and the branches and bark are very tough in character which gives to the plant its common name of “‘Leather-wood;”’ it is so tough in fact that knots may be tied in the shoots without fear of injury to the plant, and snow often lays the bushes down flat from which no harm > usually results. It is found growing wild on the borders of woods in damp, wet situations, and consequently requires a fairly moist location to be successful in its cultivation. One interesting point about the Dirca is that it has subpetiolar buds—that means that the buds are formed under the base of the leaf stalk, as is common with the Plane tree. The bud is consequently concealed until the leaf falls off in the autumn. Dirca palustris is closely related to the Daphnes and like them is difficult to root from cuttings, but it comes very readily from seed, and for this reason more of it should be found in our gardens, especially by those people who love the early flowering shrubs. Jamaica Plain Wo. H. Jupp. The Readers’ Service will give you suggestions for the care and purchase of cats and dogs and other pets ond ROSES Our Gearclem Flowers carry your message of love, sym- pathy and friendship. How much more pleasure there is in sending those you have grown in your own garden. ‘There is plea- sure and relaxation in watching them grow and unfold their bloom. Roses add to the joy of living. Here at Cromwell we have thousands of plants that are waiting to make you a gar- den of glory. We have evergreens, shrubs and trees—all described in Cromwell Gardens Handbook, a copy of which will be sent you for the asking. CROMWELL GARDENS A. N. PIERSON, Inc. CROMWELL, CONN. ap @ HODGSON = 8 Portable HOUSES oO} When Spring comes you don’t want to y, bother with building. Even the erection of a play house or screen house will make enough dirt, dust and din to take away the joy of Springtime. BOX 12 ce? Ri Hodgson Portable Houses have made it pos- sible for you to get just the house you want with- out the usual disagreeable worries of building. Dutch Coloniat Sird House Hodgson Houses are built at the Hodgson factory. They are made of neatly finished, fitted and painted sections which can be easily put together and taken apart. You select the bungalow, cottage, garage, play house or poultry house you want from the Hodgson catalog. Then by paying 25% of the cost of your house we prepare and hold it until wanted. We then ship it in sections and it is just a day’s work for unskilled workmen to put it together. Send for a catalog today. E. F. HODGSON CO. Room 228, 116 Washington Street, Boston, Mass. 6 East 39th Street, New York City ARTHUR COWEE, Garden of Gladioli isa Garden of delight We summer days come hand- some flowers of the Gladioli to remain with us all summer long. Every day the flowers unfold a new color combination until you won- der when Nature will exhaust her ingenuity. Many times have I thought, “surely there can be no more colors; there can be nothing new, and then I go forth into my fields to find a flower unlike any that I have ever seen. If you plant my mixtures you Speci Box 217, Berlin, N. Y. will always be kept on the qui rive. There is fascination in anticipating the colors and great is the joy when you discover a combination new to you. I began growing Gladioli because I loved them. My success led to growing them for other flower- lovers, until to-day I am one of the world’s Gladiolus specialists. My booklet ‘‘The Glory of the Gar- den,” tells of my experience. You will enjoy reading it; may I send you a copy, free? “Ye Olde Tyme’’ Garden Wears a Modern Dress A modern garden may have the charm and fragrance of “Ye olden tyme”’ if perennials predominate. My col- lection of hardy plants at The Terraces is among the most complete in America. It embraces Hollyhocks in many colors; Sweet Williams, including a splendid soft pink - variety; Stocks, the ‘Gilly-flowers’ ” of old; Michaelmas Daisies, Columbines, Phlox, Irises that will bloom the first year, rock plants, bog plants, and plants for shady places. These Coast-Grown Plants Produce Immediate Results adding character to your garden and supplementing the shrubbery plantings. February is one of the best months for planting in the West; my plants are dormant and ready to ship at once. For Eastern customers I can hold back the plants for later delivery. My Catalogue E tells where to use and how to grow these delightful plants. Californian Native Bulbs, Plants and Seeds are a spe- clalty with me. It is now too late for bulbs, but many Shrubs and Plants can be set until March. Catalogue A tells about these natives of the Coast. Catalogue E or A (or both) will be sent to anyone in- terested. Send your name and address. CARL PURDY, Box A, Ukiah, California A Burpee’s — | ‘ Dollar Box of Vegeta Last year we offered for the first time Burpee’s Dollar Box of Vegetable Seeds: The sales exceeded by many thousands our fondest expectations. For 1918 it has been improved by the addition of a complete garden plan and leaflet on Seed Sowing. It contains a Collection suitable for the home garden, comprising a careful selection of Bur- pee’s Specialties mentioned below, and is mailed to your address for $1.00. Bean Burpee’s String- | Lettuce Wayahead less Green | Onion White Portugal Pod Parsley Moss Curled Bean Fordhook Bush | Radish Scarlet Turnip Lima Salsify Sandwich Island Bean Brittle Wax Mammoth Beet Burpee’s Im- | Sweet Corn Golden Bantam proved Blood Swiss Chard Large Ribbed Cabbage Burpee’s Allhead White Early Tomato Chalk’s Jewel Carrot Chantenay Turnip Red or Purple Lettuce Iceberg Yop Strap-Leat If purchased separately, the above Seeds would cost $1.65 Burpee’s Annual for 1918 The Leading American Seed Catalog, has been enlarged and improved and is of the greatest help to all who intend planting a garden; it contains the latest and most reliable informa- tion about the ‘Best Seeds that Grow.” 216 pages with 103 colored illustrations of the latest novelties and hundreds of illustrations of every variety of Vegetable and Flowers. It is mailed free to those who write for it. A post card will do. Write for your copy to-day, and please mention THE GARDEN MAGAZINE. W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO. Burpee Buildings, Philadelphia a, THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK Potatoes Better Than Before Fruit Pruning MARCH 1918 Price 25 cents CHILDS’ CHRISTMAS NEW GIANT KOCHIA. CHILDS’ NEW GIANT KOCHIA (Christmas Kochia or Kochia Childsi) An entirely new and distinct garden or pot annual, admitted to be one of the most decorative plants grown. It is of solid pyramidal habit, dense and symmetrical at all stages of growth, of the most attractive light green color, changing i in late autumn to a beautiful claret-red and holding its color until about Christmas, regardless of snow or ice. The plant is three feet tall and over two feet thick, a solid bouquet of exquisite foliage. It is the latest show plant of the garden, re- maining beautiful long after everything:else has faded and gone. Its rich color shows to wonder- ful advantage after snow has fallen. No new plant on our show grounds ever attracted so much attention as this during the entire summer and fall. .As a pot plant it is very valuable, rivaling the palm and the fern for decorative effect, beauty and usefulness up to the holidays. It i is easily grown from seed indoors or out. We can say without reserve that this new Kochia is one of the most magnificent plants in cultivation, sure to succeed anywhere in all soils and all climates. Seed, per pkt., 20c; 3 pkts., 50c. THE CHINESE WOOLFLOWER The most magnificent garden annual. Its ease of culture and long continued season of bloom (early in July until frost), together with its massive bunches of wool-like flowers and glowing crimson color, make it the ’showiest, most'odd and novel garden flower. ° 10c per pkt. AMERICAN MASTODON PANSIES Perfect Marvels in Size and Beauty These Pansies have a robust vigor unknown in other strains. Flowers larece than the. Trimar- deau, with the substance and rounded form of the German strains, a touch of the Masterpiece in the artistic curves of the petals, the wonderful colors of the Orchid Pansies and a delicate frag- rance like the violet-scented. The enormous size of blooms, nearly four inches across, clear tones of color and with wonderful tints and variegations and free- Howering qualities, even through the hot summer weather, will be a revelation. Mixed Colors—Such as white with dark center, dark blue and light blue, pure white, black, lavender, violet, blue, bronze (new), royal purple (new), rose, cerise-red, red with silver Tim, . mahogany, yellow, wine-colored, red and gold, striped, margined, etc. 10c per pkt. NEW ASTER AMERICAN BEAUTY The finest type of branching Aster with immense, bright, rosy carmine blossomc on two foot stems. It has the widest petals, largest double flowers, longest stems and best color among Asters. 10c per pkt. SPECIAL OFFER, 25c—These are the four greatest Flower Seed Novelties and we will mail one packet of each for 25c (just one-half regular price) together with our, little booklet “How to Grow Flowers for Garden or Window,” and our big catalogue with a dozen large colored plates. All for 25¢, order now ORDER AT ONCE. THESE OFFERS WILL NOT APPEAR AGAIN. "AMERICAN — Mastov0n 2 ras I MI ll | HAAR 4 4 8 : eb S ICE-PROOF MASTODON PANSY PLANTS Have a Beautiful Bed of Pansies at Small Cost We grow young, vigorous plants of the Mastodon Pansy in open ground from September-sown seed that are ready for delivery from January to May. For the Southern and Pacific States we can ship now. For colder latitudes shipments are made as early in spring as the plants can be putout. They are hardened by the ice and snows of winter, and in spring are ready to jump into vigorous growth and bloom. Price—Mixed colors, postpaid, 25 for 60c; 100 for $2.00; 500 for $9.00 12 NAMED GLADIOLI CHILDSI FOR 50c A collection of 12 distinct Giant Childsi Gladioli, named, all extra fine sorts and some are new. All colors represented, wh’te, yellow, blue, pink, scarlet, violet, variegated, etc. Collection for 50c, postpaid. o¢ choice mixed Gladioli Hybrids for $2.50, postpaid. 7 EXQUISITE DAHLIAS FOR $1.00 All of the very finest varieties in all classes and colors. 7 named sorts, strong field tubers for $1.00, postpaid. 10 FLEUR-DE-LIS FOR 50c All colors mixed. Fine Garden Iris tor 50c, postpaid. THE 5 VERY FINEST NEW CANNAS FOR $1.00 These are the finest dwarf, large-flowering Cannas in cultivation. Fire Bird—Intense cardinal- scarlet, largest size. King Humbert—Orange-scarlet, dark foliage. King Humbert Yellow—Finest yellow spotted. Hungaria—Exquisite rosy pink. Panama—Orange with crimson and gold. OUR GREAT VEGETABLE NOVELTIES We are introducing this year some wonderful new vegetables, and especially recommend the following: Matchless Lettuce—Novel and distinct in every way and the finest Lettuce grown. Pkt., 15c. Childs’ Supreme Muskmelon—A 20-pound Melon of a rich and luscious quality that is Oc each; he 5 for $1. 00 All Postpaid unsurpassed. Pkt., 20c Tomato Top Notch—The earliest and inall respects the best and most wonderful Tomato. Pkt., 15c. Hulless Pop Corn—a real novelty and wonderfully fine. Pkt., 10c. Klondyke Watermelon—The acme of perfection in quality. Pkt., 10c. SPECIAL OFFER—These 5 novelties of exceptional merit for 50c. of Flower and Vegetable Seeds, Summer-flowering Bulbs, Window and Our Catalogue Bedding Plants, Hardy Perennials, Vines, rare new-flowering Shrubs, and the greatest new berries, free to all who apply. Many sterling novelties. We are the largest growers of Gladioli, Cannas, Dahlias, Lilies, Iris, etc. Our gardens at Floral Park and Flower- field comprise more than one thousand acres. We are headquarters for all ells as well as Flower and Vegetable Seeds, and our stocks are large and complete. Address: JOHN LEWIS CHILDS, Inc., FLORAL PARK, New York ill IO HN Marcu, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 57 SeBEEAEEsE: & i] HBRHREBBESBEEBEEBEEEEEEA & [i a B A az (EERE EEE EH | a" (ERE REREREREEEREEREEEEREEEREREARHRERAREEREEEREEREEREERER EH ® | = a 5 | |_| |_| | e 5 $6 Buys Enough Nitraco . |_| | |_| eye |_| = to Fertilize the Average z Ba |_| ra L_| : Garden and Lawn for an cs | @ o = Entire Season ; B |_| a 4% Ammonia, 8% Available Phosphoric Acid, 2% Actual Potash ES |_| |_| g INGE is a universal fertilizer in such highly concentrated form that 100 pounds a i are ample for an entire season, for a garden containing 8,000 square feet, if planted a = entirely to potatoes. Or for one of 12,000 square feet of general vegetables or flowers. a a a It will give abundant food, the season through, for a lawn containing 12,000 _ a square feet. ra |_| a Or to say it another way, 100 pounds of NITRACO are sufficient for both the = . average garden of 4,000 square feet and a lawn of 8,000. a : |_| se ee Altho highly concentrated, it will not injure the most delicate plants, unless used to excess. It is so perfectly balanced in the foods it contains, that it can be used with highly satisfactory results on anything that grows. Being odorless, it can be used at any time without offense. Being finely pulverized, it is easy to use. Being so highly concentrated, every ounce of it is actual plant food. Its use means conservation and economy in every sense of the word. It keeps indefinitely. With NITRACO, you can give to your vegetables, flowers or lawn, just the right amount of nitrogen, phos- phoric acid and potash they need. Horticultural Department Directions for First Use For your garden, sow it in the seed drills, scattering a little dirt over it. Then put in your seed and cover with dirt in the usual way. This under-crop fertilizing, as it is called, will be sufficient for the immediate needs of the roots and to carry the average plants through the season. Second Use As the season advances, if you want extra fine results, sow a little NITRACO along the surface near the roots and cultivate it in. The increased growth will be quickly notice- able. This is a particularly aud thing to do when tomatoes, peas and beans are just ready to bloom. It payingly increases both the quantity and quality of the yield. Making Mixtures If you have fire place wood ashes or hum- us, mix NITRACO with it in quantities of 10 partsorless tol of NITRACO. These mixtures are especially good for Second Use purposes. For all summer blooming roses, it can be dug around the roots every two weeks. The increased bloom results will surprise you. NITRACO PRICES an em ioe & We Prepay Express Send us your $6 for 100 pounds of NI- TRACO, and we will pay the expressage any- wheres within 150 miles of New York. We will do the same on smaller amounts. Order now The congested condition of the railroads makes even express deliveries slow, so it is important that you order early. Free Advisory Service Whatever your fertilizing problem may be, do not hesitate to put it directly up to us. Our Mr. Bunyard, who is a garden enthusiast and fertilizing expert of many years’ standing will be glad to give it his personal attention, and suggest its most logical solution. This Advisory Service will cost you nothing and obiigate you not at all. Send for ‘‘Handbookof Fertilizers’”’ Our ‘‘Handbook of Fertilizers” is yours for the asking. It is a veritable ‘‘gold mine’ of valuable information. We handle Nitrate of Soda, Fertilizer Materials, and Insecticides of all kinds. Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 108 Pearl St., New York City’ r x i : ~ 4 “i SERRE ERBEBEEREBABEBEHEEEERERBREREEBEBEREREREREEERE ER & HE THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Ne Fiswers. Non- Eten ECIDEDLY NOT! They are essen- tial as messages of love and sympathy to the sick or sorrowful who need their cheery companionship: they are essential for the table and for room decoration, to brighten somber days: they are essential on all festal occasions; and growing them is essential as a means of mental relaxation and healthful Lo Cx, : ; Forgy * oy. Just a Specimen Page (inminiature) from our new free book, “Home Landscapes,” to show how helpful it is—really helpful to every degree of gar- den-lover, from the merest be- ginner to themost accomplished connoisseur. Notice the photo- graph on one side of the page, and the planting layout on the other. This particular page deals with March-April shrubs —there are similar pages for other months, and for every group of the flowers, shrubs, evergreens, fruit trees,—every- thing in fact, except seeds— for the adornment and comfort of the home grounds. Send for your copy immediately. And if you wish to take advantage of the Special Offer below (for March-April shrubs), enclose your remittance. Marcu, 1918 corpetian) Ch herry, Pragrants Moneysuckle ce SWEET SMELLING GROUP \Y 6¢ exercise. Resolve therefore to “‘ Grow ibemmemermbieritie (So Flowers as Usual ”’ this year. enough to Dlant sroundialee: uae ch ad Lilac, 2 Sweet Flowering Crabs, 6 Bayberry, all packed for shipment $8.00. I. HICKS & SON Sixty Years of Knowing How WESTBURY LONG ISLAND et YZ EVERGREENS ° in sizes up to 18 feet—60 varieties. Plant them freely. They are decorative twelve months in the year. That we offer Quality as well as Quantity is shown by the fact that All But 3 Trees Grew Inan =. 8,000 Dollar Order These were big trees, many of which were 15 to 20 feet high ¥ —Pines, Hemlocks, Douglas Spruce, etc. Rosedale Nurseries are well stocked with both extra and ordinary sizes of Hardy Trees, including Fruit (dwarf ff and standard), Shrubs, Vines, Roses and Perennials. | Heatherhome Flower Seeds have proved a revelation to American Gardeners. We have in past years developed many wonderful creations that have never yet been equalled. This year we again have several marvelous novelties that all garden lovers should grow and enjoy. In order that every reader of this magazine may = obtain these choice beauties and thus become intimately acquainted with the surpassing merits of Heatherhome _ Seeds, we make the following unusually liberal and at- tractive offer: Send Us One Dollar and we will forward post-paid the following Heatherhome Collection of New Creations for 1918: If bought separately, these seeds would cost $1.35. 1 se packet American Beauty Aster—a magnificent new variety of the late branching type. An unusually strong grower, with enormous blossoms of a rich deep pink, like that of the American Beauty Rose. Regular price 20c. 1 large packet of our new Midsummer Giant Crimson Cosmos, blooming => from July to Frost. Flowers fully as large as the late sort and of a clear = glowing crimson. Regular price 25c. 1 ounce Sweet Peas, ‘‘Heatherhome Beauties.’’ Not an ordinary mix- ture, but a blend of 120 distinct varieties grown separately—Includes all the latest novelties of merit. Regular price 25c. 1 large packet of the lovely Nelrose Snapdragon, with delicate pink flowers, of the same shade as the Hermosa Rose. Plants semi-dwarf: bloom from July to Frost. Regular price 25c. 1 large packet of the new and striking Calen- dula, Orange Glory—color a really glori- ous shade of brilliant golden orange. Blooms from July to November. Regular price 5c. 1 large packet of our special strain of Jumbo Zinnias. Monster flowers 4 inches in dia- meter in white, pink, gold, scarlet and crimson. Regular price 10c. 1 large packet of our charming new Dianthus, *‘Pink Delight,’’ the latest and loveliest vari- ety of the popular Japanese Royal Pinks. Reg- ular price 15c. DOUGLA: EVERBLOOMING ROSES __ BULB BARGAINS }p | (Our Other Spring Specialty) Our 1918 Catalogue is Ready. PU ae coed pee as ool We have called it “The War-Time Flower 7 cet with bud or pratt 2 incles Colon Eset Garden.” It lists nothing that is not well worth (as it should be), and still keep the root in the growing: all undesirables have been discarded. rich, mellow surface soil. : = Yet it covers everything in Seeds, Plants and We. ee 23 bel hal Catal ees ree 2 Bas that nis essential {© the perfect garden. on ourmailing/list. \Writellodoy: a all we mail you a copy? = ° S.G. HARRIS, 2 Heatherhome Seed and Nursery Company Rosedale Nurseries Brag! = 258 Fifth Avenue New York City, IS Box A Tarrytown, Newe = TTT TIMING | tGC©iDtDEN_——_—_—___GD, KK eKcAcKicAnGRNN. If a problem grows in your garden write to the Readers’ Service for assistance Marcu, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 59 Destruction : People Want Them for the Cost of Digging, Packing and Clearing the Land In our valley are approximately fifty thousand bearing age fruit trees that are on leased land and that are getting too large to work and the land must be cleared this spring for food crops. These trees are 3, 4, and 5 years old— some of the early varieties have had fruit on this year. We are going to transplant all we can of them, but spring is our busiest season and we have to work night and day to get our orders off and we have lost a good deal of our help for the Army “and labor will be scarce. We figure there will be 50,000 of these trees that will not be taken care of—we are offering them to you for what it cost to dig and pack them and clear the land. These trees are well grown, have good fibrous roots and well shaped heads. These trees must be dug and the land cleared off this spring and unless the people who read this notice take them they will be burned up. This is your opportunity to start an orchard of large trees Special Prices on Bearing Size Trees As long as they last—which pays merely for the packing, digging and clearing the land. Every tree goes out with a guarantee. Bearing Size Apple Trees. 19 cents each. $1.85 per 10. $17.90 per 100. Principal varieties we have Duchess of Oldenburg, Gravenstein, Maiden Blush, Wealthy, Baldwin, Ben Davis, Improved Ben Davis, Gano, Hubbardston, King, McIntosh Red, Northern Spy, Pewaukee, Stark, Stayman’s Winesap, Tolman Sweet, R. I. Greening, Wagener, Wolf River, Winter Banana, York Imperial, Transcendent Crab. Bearing Size Standard Pear Trees. 19 cents each. $1.85 per 10. $17.90 per 100. Principal varieties we have Bartlett, Clapp’s Favorite, Anjou, Duchess, Flemish Beauty, Rossney, Seckel, Kieffer. e Bearing Size Plum Trees. 19 cents each. $1.85 per 10. $17.90 per 100. Bradshaw, Coe’s Golden, Diamond, Fellenburg, Grand Duke, Geuil, German Prune, Niagara, Lombard, Moore’s Arctic, Shropshire Damson, Shipper’s Pride, York State Prune, Abundance, Burbank. Bearing Size Cherry Trees. 19 cents each. $1.85 per 10. $17.90 per 100. Bing, Black Tartarian, Governor Wood, Napoleon, Lambert, Yellow Spanish, Baldwin, Dyehouse, Early Richmond, Large Montmorency, English Morello, Olivet, Ostheime, Wragg. Bearing Size Peach Trees. 19 cents each. $1.85 per 10. $17.90 per 100. Alexander, Belle of Georgia, Crawford’s Late, Carman, Chair’s Choice, Fitzgerald, Iron Mountain, Niagara, Elberta, Crawford’s Early, Champion. 10% discount will be allowed from the above prices on all cash orders received direct from this notice on or before March 20th. Every tree guaranteed strictly true to name, free from all scale and disease and perfect in every way. With good fibrous roots and well formed heads. These trees will be sent to you for your inspection provided { the amount of the order is sent in as a matter of good faith. If they are not what we represent them you do not need to take them. SMM MM mn nnn Itt tttttttttttttitn TN citi Co-operation Will Help Win | Destruction Will Help Lose 50,000 Bearing Size Fruit Trees Will be Destroyed Unless the Important I have just received the following message from the Victor Deitriche Co., Angers, France, one of the largest seedling growers in that country and for whom | am the American representative. We have here in France very few seedlings of Apple, Pear, Cherry, and Plum for this spring and not much of any for next Spring. Victor Deitriche, Angers, France. The seedlings from which all fruit trees in America are grown come from France with the exception of a few Apple and Pear. This message means that we will receive but a very few seedlings in the next two years if we receive any at all. If we do not receive the seedlings from France there will be very few trees for sale 2 years from now as these seedlings cannot be successfully grown in this country. 2 years from now you will be lucky to get 1 year trees for $1.00 each. Take This Warning Get what you want now while you have the chance. No matter whether vou only want a few for your home garden or whether you want to plant an orchard. that will bring you in quick returns and at a time when the orchard business is going to boom. The finest orchards in the world have been destroyed in Italy, Belgium, and France—hundreds of thousands of fruit trees—it will take many years before these orchards can be replaced. America must supply the fruit for these people—every paper you pick up tells about the destruction of the orchards in these countries and the immense revenue it has been to the countries both for home consumption and for export. We must supply not only these countries with fruit but also the countries they exported to. The consumption of fruit in the United States will be triple what it has been before on account of the high cost of meat, sugar and other articles. The food administrators are advocat- ing now the planting of fruit in every available spot in your gardens and on your farms and they are also advocating the consumption of fruit in place of Co-operation Don’t take just what you want for your orchard now, or what you feel you can plant but take 100, 500 or 1000 of these trees, plant what you can of your orchard this spring, put the others in rows five feet apart and let them stand until next fall or next spring or whenever you get ready. We will give you special instructions how to handle them in this way. Have a Tree Planting Day in Your City or Town this Spring We will make a special price on a car load of these trees to the Mayor, Chamber of Commerce or Board of Trade of any town who are interested in their town and who would like to see their people get the opportunity to secure these bearing size trees for just what it costs to dig, pack and clear the ground. If you are interested in securing some of these trees, talk with your neighbors about it and get them interested. Any individual can have as many of these trees as he may want as long as they last. Bring a car into your section and see how readily they will sell for 30 and 40 cents. Make a tree planting day in your city this Spring. Fruit is going to be high for years to come, and if your people have fruit they will conserve on other food stuffs. Let us give you plans to start the movement. Let your people have these trees rather than have them destroyed. Not one cent to be paid until trees are distributed to the people and everyone satisfied. First come first served—we can only serve a few—it will cost you nothing to get information but you had better wire or write us now. e have been wholesale fruit tree growers for 25 years. Our trees are_now in bearing in some of the largest orchards in the United States. Our catalogue “Good Fruit and How to Grow It” contains description of all varieties of fruit trees, dwarf fruits, berries, currants, etc. It will be mailed FREE. Order your bearing size direct from this notice or you may be too late. JOHN REILLY CO. 99 Reilly Road Dansville, New York MMO OM A meat and other food stuffs. Special Collections of Bearing Size Trees For what it cost to pack, dig and clear the land. All fine 3, 4 and 5 year old trees guaranteed strictly true to name, free from scale and all diseases, with good roots and well balanced tops. Every Tree Fresh Dug 12 Bearing Size Apple Trees $2.00 2 Baldwin 2 Wealthy 2 Delicious 2 Duchess 2 Red Astrachan 2 Northern Spy 12 Bearing Size Plum Trees $2.00 2 Lombard 2 German Prune 2 Burbank 2 Bradshaw 2 Abundance 2 Shipper’s Pride 12 Bearing Size Peach Trees $2.00 2 Early Crawford’ 2 Champion 2 Niagara 2 Elberta 2 Carman 2 Belle of Georgia 12 Bearing Size Pear Trees $2.00 2 Bartlett 2 Clapp’s 2 Kieffer 2 Duchess 2 Seckel 2 B. D. Anjou 12 Bearing Size Cherry Trees $2.00 2 Black Tartarian 2 Early Richmond 2 Montmarency 2 Governor Wood 2 Lambert 2 Dyehouse 12 Assorted Bearing Size Trees $2.20 1 Bartlett 1 Delicious 1 Governor Wood 1 Duchess 1 Northern Spy 1 Montmorency 1 Seckel 1 Lombard 1 Early Crawford 1 Baldwin 1 German Prune 1 Elberta We will make a special selection of any of the above collections picking the most perfect trees in our 5 year olds for $3.00 each collection. fs Boxing, packing and delivery to freight or express office Tee. We will furnish. all the above collections making a total of 60 trees for $9.00. No changes will be made in the above collection. 10% discount will be allowed from the above prices on all orders received direct from this notice with cash before March 2oth. We have but a limited number of these collections and when those are gone we can make up no more. If you want to get in on this special offer you better make out your order now before you set this book down. If } you don’t you may be too late. Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too wT ———E U lig. 60 & THE GARDEN MAGAZINE ap Little Trees at Little Prices FOR EVERY PURPOSE from Little Tree Farms Birthplace of Little Trees That Live Why you should buy trees and shrubs this year and why you should buy them early! Before the war Europe supplied a large portion of the nursery : stock used in America. That source of supply is now cut off. — American nurserymen have curtailed production during the past — two years. Consequently there is bound to be a scarcity of planting material and prices will be correspondingly high. Be Forehanded—Save Money Buy little trees now,—plant them out for borders and edging for your vegetable garden. Employ the Little Tree Garden idea ‘and set the trees out without additional labor; they will require practically no care; they will add beauty and charm to your vegetable plot; and they will be increasing in size and value all the time. A Little Tree Garden on Your Property means it is always planting season with you How many times while walking about your estate have you thought ‘‘A little blue spruce would ‘brighten up’ this corner” or “A few shade trees right here would be just the place to swing a hammock this hot day,” or ‘I wish that objectionable view on my neighbor’s property was screened from sight,” or ‘“‘A mass planting of Japanese Barberry with its bright red berries would be cheerful in the fall and early winter,” or ‘“‘A privet hedge is just what I need on the front of my property,” etc.? Witha Little Tree Garden you can carry out these small plantings with your own stock when the spirit moves. Marcu, ee ““Kvery Vegetable available between Thanks- ging and Decoration Day is worth two or more gathered for consumption during the summer” Editorial Quotation from Feb. Garden Magazine. Exactly! That’s the very thing we have been preaching since 1856. It’s this old New England doctrine that caused us, years ago, to pay partic- ular attention to rootcrops fit for storage. It’s the very reason why Gregory’s Special Strains of Beets, Carrots, Parsnips and Winter Squashes measure up to the highest expectations of most critical garden- ers. Below we give a list of dependable stand- ae and most heartily advise to Grow More Root Crops and Vegetables for Winter Storage 1918 Sample Bargain Combination for Little Tree Garden 52 PLANTS FOR $18.00 This combination is comprised of eleven very desirable species for American planting—all American-born and American-grown. Below are listed the varieties, sizes and quantities of each that make up the combination. Ii to 2 feet tall to 3 feet tall to 1} feet tall to 1} feet tall to 1} feet tall to 1} feet tall 5 Silver (Concolor) Fir 2 Juniper; Red Cedar 5 White Spruce 5 Blue (Colorado) Spruce. 5 Red (Norway) Pine 5 Douglas Spruce (Fir) 5 Arborvitae (White Cedar) to 14 feet tall 5 Sugar (Rock) Maple to 6 feet tall 5 Red Oak to 3 feet tall 5 Japanese Barberry to 1} feet tall 5 Regel’s Privet to 3 feet tall 52 Plants for only $18.00 This high quality stock has been twice transplanted and root-pruned. hese prices include packing and delivery to the transportation company at Framingham, Mass. .2 of these combinations—105 plants—for $ 34.00 10 of these combinations—525 plants—for 125.00 Beet, Gregory’s Strain, Edmands Blood Turnip. Superior to all for winter use. Pkt. 10c.; oz. 25c. Cabbage, Gregory’s Warren. A most popular sort for winter use, solid and great keeper. Pkt. 10c.; 4 oz. 25c.; oz. 45. Carrot, Gregory’s Prize Danvers. The most famous of all New England car- rots. Keeps well. Pkt. 10c.; 14 oz. 35c.; oz. 60c. Onion, Southport Yellow Globe. The greatest allround yellow sort for winter use. Pkt. 15c.; 2 oz. 30c.; oz. 50c. Parsnip, Abbott’s {4 Improved Hollow Crowned. No parsnip Salsify, Sandwich Island. A mam- moth strain of this popular kind. EJct- 10c.; YQ oz. 20c.; oz. 35c. Turnip, White Egg. A great cropper of fine, solid roots of choicest quality. Pkt. 10c.; 4 oz. 15c.; oz. 25c. Ruta Baga, American Purple Top. A long keeper, remaining in good condition all winter. Pkt. 10c.; 14 oz. 20c.; oz. 30c. Squash, Gregory’s Warren. Its fine, hard shell insures elegant storing qualities. Pkt. Oc.; 12 oz. 20c.; oz. 30c. Squash, Symmes Blue Hubbard. More productive than any other strain of the ever Send to-day for our new 1918 illustrated tree catalogue in which are listed twenty million forest, shade and ornamental trees. Write for information; tell us under what conditions you wish to plant. We will help you select the trees and shrubs best suited to your conditions and your objects. Your letter making specific inquiry incurs no obligation and will have careful and prompt attention. Little Cree Farms (NEAR BOSTON) NURSERIES OF American Forestry Company Division A-1, 15 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. CCC tit Mi cc opular Hubbard Shapan Pkt. 10c.; 14 oz. 20c.; oz. 30c. equals our prize strain of this variety. Pkt. 10c.; oz. 25c. Delwwered Postpaid—Order Direct from this Adv. Order at once, since seed supply of all these specialties is extremely short and will be exhausted long before end of spring rush. Note one of our window displays below show- ing many of our specialties. Let Our Free Catalogue Help You make the best of your 1918 gardening opportunities. Abounds with helpful hints how to grow vegetables and flowers and offers all worth-while kinds at reasonable prices. Mailed free. Write for it to-day. J. J. H. GREGORY & SON, 1110 Elm Street, Marblehead, Mass. ST The Readers’ Service is prepared to help you solve your gardening problems THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 61 we: Marcu, 1918 Tintin Mothers, Fathers, Teachers This Boccia Message Cee All of You! With the nation’s needs for increased food supplies, the matter of directing the children’s SN energy in the garden becomes fraught with possibilities. We are all agreed that garden work con- stitutes the Beek type of exercise fon the children. Their young bodies, “bubbling over with vitality, enjoy every motion needed to do the many little tasks—the sum total of which is gardening. ‘To further the great work and to help you help the children, we have published a modest book which is gladly maile d free for the benefit of The Country’s Future Line of Defense in “*School and Community Gardens’’ Tells of the practical benefits to be derived from concerted gardening efforts. Discusses prac- tical vegetables to grow, offers plans, gives unique planting tables. The demand for this book best explains its merit. The first edition was exhausted ten days after publication. The second edition are of the same superior quality as those contained in our regular sized packets, but they are put up with a view to two- more seeds than is needed for the short rows of the chil- The assortment is complete, from Beans, to Turnips. authorities and communities should wr te for information. table and flower seeds available in this shape. Have Your Name Put on Our Free Mailing List From time to time we issue helpful literature in form of catalogues for different seasons. By all means, ask for your free copy of our Large Annual Catalogue, when writing for “School and Community Gardens.” About June Ist, we issue a mid-season catalogue of strawberry plants, etc. Then, there is a Peony List and a Fall Catalogue, all of which will prove of interest to those who garden all season. is half gone, but we want every interested G. M. Reader to have one, if we have to print some more. Specially Priced Packets of Seeds for School and Community Gardens By careful calculation we have figured the amount of seeds required to sow a row of certain length as fully ex- fold economy. The average regulation seed packet contains plained in above book. This will prove effective seed econ- omy and enables us to sell the packets at the reasonable price of $3.00 per 100. Have your name put on our regular mailing list—and do it TO-DAY. ae Farr’s Hardy Plant Specialties For Early Spring Planting Year after year the hardy garden grows more charming and valuable as the plants increase in size and blooming power. Early spring 1s a desir- able time for selecting and planting most perennials and shrubs. In my comprehensive collection at Wyomissing may be found plants suitable for every phase of gardening. A few of these are here noted—to list them all would be impossible: _ IRISES. An unusual and distinctive collection, including many novel- ties of my own raising (Awarded the Panama-Pacific Gold Medal). PEONIES. The most complete collection of herbaceous and tree Peonies in the world. Delphiniums, Phloxes, Chrysanthemums, Trollius,* Long Spurred Aquilegia, Hardy Asters, New Astilbe Roses, Dahlias: New Japanese and Asiatic Shrubs. New cotoneasters, enkianthus, berberis, flowering cherries, corylopsis, etc. Lilacs, Philadelphus, and Deutzias. A complete collection of Lemoine’ s new creation. Dwarf Evergreens: Rare specimens for formal gardens, lawn groups and rock garden plantings. A complete list of my collection of Hardy Plants and Shrubs will be found in Farr’s Hardy Plant Specialties (Sixth Edition) 112 pages of text, 30 full page illustrations (13 in color). Most well-informed gardeners have a copy, but if you have not received it, or it has been mislaid, a duplicate will be sent promptly on request. BERTRAND H. FARR WYOMISSING NURSERIES CO. 104 Garfield Ave. Wyomissing, Penna. Planning the Garden. So many have asked me to help them plan their gardens that I have found it necessary to form a special department in chargefa skilled land- scape designer and plantsman. I will be glad to assist you in any way desired by off- hand suggestions or by the preparation of detailed plans for which a charge will be made. Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too The most dependable sorts are available in each class. _ School Page 14 of the helpful book gives complete list of both, vege- Distributors of ‘‘Sturdy Seeds’’ 114 Chambers Street, New York Europe’s Choicest Dahlias for American Dahlia Lovers ENGLISH EXHIBITION CACTUS DAHLIAS—(NEW) A:R. Perry, a large bold flower with incurved tubular petals. Color, cld rose, tipped gold. Fearless, one of the largest dahlias, if not the largest. Holds flowers up facing on stiff stems. The petals are very long, narrow and incurved, 9 inches. Color bright orange scarlet. Lady Snathling, a dahlia of beautiful color. Deep salmon pink with golden centre, 8 inches with- out disbudding. Phenomenal, a dahlia phe- nomenon. More like a Japanese Chrysanthemum than a dahlia. Flowers very large (9 inches). Petals long and ribbon-like and incurved-to form a tangled mass. Color salmon with yellow at base and tips. Search Light, the yellow Miss Stredwick. Topaze, a dahlia of distinct and peculiar color, almost weird. Base of petals nearly white but soon changing to magenta, purple and rose blended. Valiant, a giant flower of bril- liant crimson carried on giant stems. Washington, the flowers are very large and of pronounced in- curved form, being both broad and deep. Color crimson. Also the best of the new Hybrid Cactus. NEW DECORATIVES Cream King, Frau G. Scheiff, George Walters, Futurity, Joffre, Mon. Lehrmand, King of Au- tumn, Leviathan (Eng.), Princess Mary and Warneford (the very best white). Also the best of the new Peony flowered singles and Pompons. 600 VARIETIES From 10c up to $2.00 a bulb 12 of one kind for the price of ten. 20, my selection, for $1.00 4 50c. ones, my selection, for - 1.00 3) ts) PKS. os a Sc 1.00 12 15c & 25c. ones, my selection, for 1.00 50% discount on $20.00 orders. 3 off on $10.00 orders. 1 off on $5.00 orders. Catalogue been delayed but nowready. Send postal first. Have had a fine season for root growth and tubers all good size. Also have had a fine long blooming season, and clumps could be well labeled all true to name. MRS. H. A. TATE yp ueon ree Old Fort North Carolina 62 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Bobbink © Atkins ‘Nursery &Gre Sen The Utility of Beauty in Winning the War S I sit at my office desk and look out over our yi nurseries, wrapped now in a blanket of snow, I have a feeling of impotent helplessness. I think of the active manufacturers, the builders, the captains of industry, the financiers, all alive, keen and alert, to whom it is given in these stirring days to create material things, to create fast and well—munitions and clothes and food. AndIenvy them. For what can we do with greenhouses and nurseries, Nature’s simple products of beauty, to help win the war? But as I pass along the sanded walks, through the warm, Nature-scented atmosphere of our greenhouses, I do not envy those other workers. For surely, right here in our own hands, is a work and a duty as great as any of theirs. Everywhere about me young green plants are growing, myriads of them, miles of them:—seeds just coming up, plantlets putting out their first leaves, buds forming, blossoms opening—everywhere fragrance and color and beauty—coming for Easter and for Spring. Are not these God-given materials to work with? Ina world strained with anxiety and tense in labor, are not these little plants of ours rays of sunshine and hope? Faint-hearted nurserymen tell us that people are not going to buy trees and plants, shrubs and flowers while the war lasts. We do not believe it. WRITE FOR A COPY OF OUR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE Rutherford, New Jersey Will your garden run to seed? Will weeds crowd out the blossoms along your walks? uncut? Your roses tangle? Your climbers swing in the wind? Your hedge grow rough? Will such conditions inspire you to do your best? No, indeed! Whatever these days are they are not slacker days— neither at work; nor at home. You are putting all your energy into business to make your work count. To your home you look for relief and rest. It is the one place where you must renew energy, take fresh courage. And right here, it seems to Mr. Bobbink and to me, is where our share of the work of winning this war comes in. Never before have the trees and flowers and shrubs of our gardens everywhere in the country had so practical a work to perform—the work of keeping us up to our jobs, and helping us by their fragrance and color and beauty to keep fresh, hopeful, confident. It seems, indeed, as though our years of labor in ac- cumulating, planting, developing Nature’s best and most beautiful products here in America for American homes and gardens, had all been simply to fit us for the won- derful opportunity, now, at this supreme time. Let us utilize this Beauty for you, let us introduce it into your life and home and so together, help win the war! FREDERICK L. ATKINS VISIT OUR NURSERIES 8 MILES FROM NEW YORK The Readers’ Service will gladly furnish information about Gardening Marcu, Will your lawn go. 1918 Marcu, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 63 UTE y Cavdent Apes er Garden| t With LRONAGE TOOLS serene mm enone saneoeremann cence TENANTS a pois ay CARDEN. MAGAZINE MARCH, 1918 2 ae Sloe j = Se Cover Design: Foop 1s AMuunITION - J. P. Verrees AmonG Our GARDEN NEIGHBORS- - - - - - 65 The Enemy at the Door—Munitions of Defence—About Types in Root Crops—An Improved Form of Bird Bath —Surely Grow These Things—We Always Aim to Hit— Making Paper Pots—Confusion in Catalogues—Dis- cussing The Garden Magazine—Quality in Sweet Corn —Plants Wanted—Why Burn Insect Nests?—A De- cidedly Useful Tool—Tub Gardening—Wintering Can- terbury Bells—A New Cantaloupe—Yellow Tomatoes Have a Friend—Hunnemannia from Seed—The Sporting Chance. (Eight Illustrations.) Tse Monty’s REMINDER, Marco, i918 - - - 69 Purtine It SmMpLy, FOR THE BEGINNER - - - 70 GarveEN ‘““Moviges” No.3 - - W.C.McCollom 7 Newer Crmernc Roses or Merir (Photographs by the author) E. I. Farrington 72 Wuat’s New IN VEGETABLE AND FLOWER SEEDS By the Editorial Staff 74 THe Patriotic GARDEN- - - - - - - - - 76 CALLING THE CLAss oF 1918 - - Kate B. Burton 76 A War-Time GarpEN - - - Anna M. Burke 76 Planting tables by the author PRUNING FOR Fruit THis YEAR - M.G. Kains 78 Photographs supplied by the author ARE WE “ALL at SEA” IN Potato CULTURE? Photographs by the author W.C.McCollom 80 THE SuccEssION PRoBLEeM IN CALIFORNIA : Photographs by the author Sidney B. Mitchell 82 —War to the finish and no quarter. Weeds must go. You cannot afford to permit these enemies to take food from the mouths of your children. Weeds must make way to give your garden, stuff the room, moisture and plant food essential to full development. The weapons which you need for this contest are inexpensive. With IRON AGE Garden Tools and a little enthusiasm, victory is assured. You can march right down the rows, pushing an Iron Age Wheel Hoe ahead and leaving up-rooted enemy hosts behind. There are many combinations and you can change the tools as often as you like. You can plow, rake, slice or cultivate the soil, according to the size, number and nature of the enemy. Clean out the weeds; leave no untaken ‘‘trenches” behind you; and you will win the war with weeds. Order your Tools at once, mie” Bateman M’f’g Co. A Litrtie INTENSIVE Garpentinc - A.A. Knoch 86 Patriotic SwEET PEAS FoR JuLy 4th Mrs. R.W. Walters 86 STUMPAGE IS VALUABLE Now - - - - - - - 88 STARTING SEEDS IN A COLDFRAME - - - - - 88 EGGPLANT AS AN AMATEUR’ s CROP E. 1. Farrington 90 Can Any OnE Beat Tuts? - -James Macfarlane 092 Photograph by the author VARIETAL DIFFERENCES IN RHUBARB? -M.G.K. 94 Society Nores anp News - - - - - - - 96 FOR THE SouTH - - - - - J. M. Patierson 100 PuTtinc A PusH Into THE WAR GARDEN - - - 104 BEE KEEPING FOR GARDENERS - EL. I. Farrington 88b LEONARD BARRON, EpiTor Published Monthly, 25c. a copy. Subscription, Two Dollars a Year. For Canada, $2.35; Foreign Countries, $2.65. COPYRIGHT, 1918, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY GARDEN CITY, N. Y. Cuicaco: Peoples Gas Bldg. Boston: Tremont Bldg. Los ANGELES: Van Nuys Bldg, New York: 120 W. 32nd St., F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President ARTHUR W. PAGE S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer HERBERT S. HOUSTON MUSSEL DOUBLEDAY, Vice-Presidents i ecrelary Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, “Modern Box 350 G under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 Gardening” GRENLOCH N J 9 e ° We’ve been Making Farm and Garden Tools for 82 Years = SMM nn Advertisers will appreciate your mentioning The Garden Magazine in writing—and we will, too 64 TNT TTT IH Superb English E are tempted to say that the Improved English Delphiniums are the most beautiful hardy plants in cultivation, but we are also tempted to say this ofa score of other things, and, of course, it is impossible to’ say which is the most beautiful of hardy plants, for they have such an immense variety of beauty that the wonder erows that people continue to plant, by the million, bed- ding plants which have little or no beauty, are an annual expense, and cost quite as much as hardy plants whose first cost is their only cost, and which increase in size, in beauty, and often in quantity, year after year. These Delphiniums may not be the most beautiful hardy plants, but they are among the most beautiful, and nothing can be more distinct and satisfactory. They are stately and picturesque, some varieties growing 8 feet high in rich soil; they have immense spikes of most beautiful flowers of every imaginable shade of blue, and their season is a long one; in fact, they will bloom from spring till fall if properly treated. Culture of Delphiniums.—The culture of Del- phiniums is exceedingly simple, and the results out of all proportion to the slight amount of care necessary. They thrive in almost any position, The soil may be a rich, friable loam, which suits them finely; but any soil, even hot and sandy, if well watered and manured will give excellent results. Dig deeply—trenching is better—add plenty of well-rotted manure, and plant about 23 feet apart. Placed in lines, as a background to a border, or in groups of, say, three plants at intervals, the effect of the Delphinium is exceedingly fine. They look well in beds, also, arranged at the same distance apart each way. They are grand grown/in masses of large groups of sep- arate colors, and may be associated with shrubs with great advantage, succeeding well in shrubberies because of their robustness. They are most effective planted with white flowers especially with Miss Lingard Phlox or Candidum or Annunciation Lilies. A succession of flowers may be expected from spring to late autumn, es- pecially if the spikes which have done flowering early be cut off; fresh growth will then be produced which will give blossom. Copious watering in summer will be attended by increased size of spike and flower; in fact, in seasons of prolonged drought, water is absolutely a necessity on many soils if the varieties are to exhibit themselves in their true size and beauty of flower and spike. Top-dress- ing is greatly recommended on certain soils, instead of the bare surface of the ground being left exposed to the sun. Some of the neater dwarf alpine and other hardy plants may be utilized to plant between and around Delphin- tums. Coal ashes strewn over the crowns will protect the plants from slugs through winter and spring. As we have intimated, any garden soil suits the Delphiniums; it is, however, necessary to secure sorts such as are offered below in order to obtain an effect superior to that afforded by the old smaller-flowered varieties. No amount of liberal treatment will cause the smaller-flowered kinds of a nad years back to develop into the gorgeous hybrids of to-day. ELLIOTT NURSERY CO., THE GARDEN TTT hit Marcu, MAGAZINE Delphiniums Specimen Plant of Improved English Delphiniums SPECIAL OFFER OF IMPROVED ENGLISH DELPHINIUMS Delphiniums have been a great specialty with us for twenty-five years and our stock is by far the finest in America. Fine Mixed English, grown from seed of famous PER Doz. 100 named sorts... nist ee eee eee $2.00 $14.00 Selected Varieties, selected from thousands of seedlings grown from choicest named sorts.......... 3.00 20.00 Extra-selected Varieties. Each, 50c.............. 5.00 OTHER DELPHINIUMS Belladonna. The freest and most continuous blooming of all, never being out of flower from the end of June until cut down by hard frost. The clear turquoise-blue‘of its flowers is not equaled for delicacy and beauty by any other flower. 20 cts. each, $2 per doz., $12 per 100. Chinense. A very pretty variety, with fine, feathery foliage and intense gentian-blue flowers in open panicles. 15 cts. each, $1.50 per doz., $10 per 100. Chinense Album. A pure white form of the above. $1.50 per doz., $10 per 100. Formosum. The old favorite dark blue with white centre; 3 to 4 feet high. Very vigorous, free-flowering, and one of the best. 15 cts. each, $1.50 per doz., $10 per 100. Formosum Ceelestinum. | Charming light blue variety of above; most exquisite shade of blue. 20 cts. each, $1.75 per doz., $10 per 100. Our Catalogue poor ccomnl dee utens of he mnesiecerene en: list of Hardy Plants, Peonies, Phloxes, Trees, Shrubs, Roses and Hardy Vines offered in this country. 326 4th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15 cts. each, The Readers’ Service will give you suggestions for the care and purchase of cats and dogs and other pets 1918 ee CMM The Garden Magazine VoLumME XXVII MARCH, 1918 NuMBER 2 The Enemy at Our Door MOST insidious natural enemy ex- ists at the very backdoor of every country and suburban home. It does not blast its way into our domain with noisy guns and powerful ex- plosives, but lands silently, hugs the soil tightly, roots deeply. Its action is all the more to be feared, because it robs us of that which next to life and food, is our most val- uable possession—soil fertility. That enemy is WEEDS! Weeds are plants that don’t belong. In ages gone by they fulfilled their mission of turning sterile soil into fertile soil, as succes- sively dying generations added humus—~ plant food—to the barren surface of the earth. They also served as a ground cover, preventing the washing away of good top soil _or the carrying away of the soil by high winds. But we of to-day have better, quicker meth- ods of accomplishing these ends. Not- withstanding the contention of some idealists that weeds are good because “they keep us digging,” weeds must go and here is why: The cost to us, as a nation, of maintaining weeds, amounts to several hundreds of mil- lions of dollars per year—a conservative estimate, says the U. S. Department of Agri- culture. This loss takes the form of reduced crops, and increased or wasted labor. An acre of good ground yielded 60 bushels of corn under clean cultivation. The yield from that same acre, under weedy influence, was reduced to 20 bushels for the season. But, you will say, we do not maintain weeds! Not literally! But we suffer them to exist; we do not take them seriously; we do not fight them to a finish! Weeds must go! ‘They are injurious to the garden and to the crops, whether vegetables or flowers. They rob the soil of moisture, perhaps the greatest offense in the vegetable garden, since the largest part of every vege- table is water. Weeds crowd the plants, particularly the seedlings, to such an extent as to shut out light and space in soil and air. The resulting injury is strikingly illustrated in the com- parative size of the two alfalfa seedlings shown onnext page. Both were born the same day in the same field. But one lived among clean, the other among weedy surroundings. The injury done by crowding weeds to seedling vegetables, is frequently such that subse- gent development is never normal. A good start is half the battle of life. Weeds rob the soil of plant food. With manure and all kinds of fertilizer at a pre- mium, the nursing or suffering of weeds in the home garden becomes a crime. Remem- ber that every ounce of useless weed growth reduces your crop of cultivated plants in a corresponding degree. Weeds afford a haven of refuge to countless ARE THE FRENCH “ODD”? “Aren’t the French odd?” queried an observer the other day. “In spite of all their suffering and while they are yet in the midst of their agony they still hold their wonderful Rose show each year at La Bagatelle, and the French women, even the poorest, cherish their little window boxes and flower borders more than ever.” Odd? Was it then just a foolish and expensive habit—those window boxes in the cottages ? Wasthe Rose show only a vanity show? WasJohn Fiske odd when he wrote “I often think, when working over my plants, of what Linnaeus once said of the unfolding of a blossom, ‘I saw God in His Glory passing near me, and bowed my head in worship’”; was Wordsworth odd when in the midst of the beauty of nature’s garden he “felt a presence that disturbed him with a joy of elevated thoughts, a sense sublime of something far more deeply interfused ” ? Well, perhaps; but we would rather believe that they are odd who cannot understand how God whispers to some of us from the hearts of Violets and Roses; who have not walked with Him in a garden; who do not know the sense of comradeship with Him that comes as we work with spade and hoe with the eternal forces of life in earth and air and sunlight. There is a spiritual solace in gardening and thank Heaven the French have it so abundantly. We Americans are learning year by year more of the genuine value of that solace, but its riches have only been touched. E. FRED EASTMAN. ,weed to be fought. numbers of insect enemies and plant diseases. You are bound to spray the cultivated crops if there is danger of losing them, but wouldn’t think of wasting good spraying materials on a patch of weeds! Yet, those very weeds will carry the brood or fungi that will make things lively for your cultivated crops next season. Weeds lower the quality of the crop, causing undersize, indifferent appearance, and even inferior texture and flavor. Certain weeds may give up substances that are in- jurious to the roots of the cultivated crop. Munitions of Defence T IS obvious that, in order to en- joy the full benefits to be derived from the garden, weeds must be fought with every means at our disposal. And please don’t underestimate the seriousness of the struggle ahead. Nature has equipped most weeds with a wonderful constitution; some have roots that defy the attacks of men or beasts for years. Others bear seeds in enormous quantities through which to perpetuate their kind. Consider the wind-spread seeds of Dandelion! The common Wild Carrot bears 20,000 seeds per plant per year. Some [his- tles are as fruitful. The Wild Mustard bears ‘up to five generations of plants and seeds within five months. _The remedy lies in studying the kind of Broadly speaking, we have annual, biennial, and perennial weeds. The annual weeds bear seeds the first year and then die. They are the easiest to subdue since all that is needed is to chop off the plant before it goes to seed. The roots will then die of their own accord. Biennial weeds develop a strong root and plant the first year and bear seeds the second. Pulling them up by the roots the first year is the best way to dispose of them. If you can- not get the roots, cut off the flower stalks before seeds form the following year. Wild vanes and some Thistles are typical of this class. Perennial weeds may be eradicated by digging after the roots or by constantly cut- ting off the tops, which action will gradually starve the roots. But, in their case, as well, the effort should be made to prevent seeds from forming. One Dandelion plant gone to seed will do more harm than a dozen roots in a well-kept, closely cut lawn. 66 sire (10! GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1918 Fortunately there is a host of helps with which to fight the weeds. Besides the score of cultivators that will cut, up-root and des- troy the weeds, there are special rakes, spuds, hoes, trowels and weeders galore. Not the least important implement with which to fight weeds is a good lawnmower, for it is only logical that a well-watered and fertilized lawn should prove an ideal breeding place for weeds. Keep the lawns cut; also keep walks and gutters clean for which purpose special chemical preparations are avail- able that kill weeds very effectively. One unique weed-killing implement consists of two sharp knives attached to a metal tube loaded with a weed-killing fluid that is ejected as!the knives cut off the plant. Let’s have more weedless gardens this year and ever after, for weeds are waste and waste is a crime; especially so when half the world is looking for us to provide food. About Types in Root Crops.—That art- icle of yours in January GarpeN MaGazinE on the different types of vegetables was fine. But what is the difference in quality of long, half long and round root crop types respec- tively'—C. B. Cranston, Columbus, Ohio. —Quality in root crops among vegetables differs considerably, according to soil and season in which they are grown. ‘This affects all shapes alike. As a rule, however, the round type is the quickest to develop, but also the first to overgrow and deteriorate in quality. The half-long types resist heat and drouth better than the short, round types. The long types require the longest season during which to develop, but they also have the firmest flesh and keep best. How- ever, the “law of compensation” decrees that the quality (flavor) in a root vegetable is best while the product is young. Never expect to find the succulent flavor of young beets in the long roots from winter storage—Ed. An Improved Form of Bird Bath.—May I suggest what I think is a decided improve- ment and correction of the one fault in the design for a bird bath in “Among Our Garden Neighbors” department for December. The design, as shown, is good only for large birds. The water would be practically all one depth and small birds would be unable to stand on the edge and bathe, or find a place where they could stand in the water. As the ideal bird bath is one in which all birds may enjoy themselves I suggest that the basin, instead of having a_ practically flat bottom and straight sides, have a bottom that gradually slopes from the outer edge to the centre. Thus, no matter how deep the water in the middle may be, there will always be a place’ where even the smallest bird may make merry. Possibly a very shallow wooden chopping bowl would do for a farm.—L. C. Burke, Madison, Wisc. Surely Grow These Things.—I wish to remind you to again tell your readers to plan to put out onion seedlings. In this vicinity they may be procured at the green- houses in flats. Last spring I put out 150 feet and had three bushels (Prizetaker). They are so much easier to weed and of course require no thinning. Another thing not men- tioned in January number is the French bean (green podded). They require an 8 ft. sup- port but produce the whole season, thus requir- ing no second planting of beans but are the best of all for canning or drying. I used Carter’s—K. Sears, N. Y. We Always Aim to Hit—In your February issue, you have, in my opinion, beaten your own record and in it you prove again your right to leadership in this field. The trade advertise- ments are always of great benefit; the editor- ials, excellent and instructive; “Facts About the Seed Supply,” ‘Simple Talk for the Beginner” are excellent. Quite apart from their accuracy they are written in a concise and comprehensive style which covers the en- tire situation.— 4. L. Don, New York. INCHES Grown with- out a fight (\ weedy field \ Li The price we pay for letting weeds grow (see page 65) Making Paper Pots.—These articles are very useful for starting seeds to be transplanted, rooting cuttings, strawberry runners, etc., and they are easily made at home. The accompanying sketch is self explanatory. These pots can be made with a sheet cut according to the drawing; the tenon ¢ passing through the slit d and the notch ¢ through slit d after having been folded. The parts marked e fold along the dotted line «x and overlap- ping one another, constitute the bottom of the ot reserving the central hole at the bottom. these pots for shipment are very light and resist humidity. After they are made up it is well to soak them in a parafine bath which pastes the different pice and makes the whole impermeable. It is suggested that it may be desirable to replace the parafine with a silicate of potassium. The exceedingly light weight of the paper pots and the consequent economy in the cost of shipment has been recognized for some time by many dealers, as paper pots are a regularly manufactured article and may be purchased if preferred. Confusion in Catalogues.—You will per- haps remember that a year ago I wrote you a letter from the point of view of the customer who finds seedsmen’s catalogues more confus- ing than helpful, and you sent me a very sym- pathetic and illuminating reply. [We do—£d.] -I notice in the January Garpen’ Macazine an article which so completely supplies: the information which I sought that it might almost have been inspired by my letter. This article is entitled ““Your Seed Order and the Tangle of Varieties.”” It seems strange that no seedsman has ever tried to do this so clearly and simply as you have done it. I want to add my endorsement to the com- ments of Albert E. Fay upon sweet corn. I agree with him that Golden Bantam is far and away the best sweet corn I have ever eaten, much better than any of the white varieties. Even though the ears are small, the quality is so good that we now plant nothing else in our garden. Under the in- spiration of Mr. Hoover’s propaganda we put up a great deal of this corn, and we are now eating it with great satisfaction. We cannot buy any variety of canned corn which even © remotely approaches it in flavor.—Ernest Elmo Calkins. Discussing The Garden Magazine.-—One evening I was looking through the January,. 1917, number and also the December. issue. The former is full of definite help and sugges- tions which cannot help but be of service if the reader will apply them. The latter gives a forecast of what we may expect during the year 1918, so you see | must have THE GarRDEN Macazine._ I think one of the most valuable pages is “The Month’s Reminder’—it truly is a reminder of things to be done. I have a lot 43 x 153 which I expect to plant this spring, and my seeds are ordered so as to be ready when the proper time comes. The pages: “Among Our Garden Neighbors” are very interesting. There are a great many subjects brought up which I am not familiar with nor do I care for them, but I am expressing my individual opinion. My preferences are not the other person’s, so publish all you can andi everybody will find something of interest. Here are three cheers for the great American public which is going to do wonders the coming season in the way of growing food! stuffs and not a little credit will be given your magazine.—Ira DeMoss, Indiana. Quality in Sweet Corn—I am a country physician seventy-eight years old, and have always been an amateur gardener. I always raise twice as much truck as my own family can use and usually give the surplus to my less, fortunate friends or neighbors. I am espec- ially interested in Mr. Fay’s remarks about sweet corn, and agree with him in his restric- tions as to the so-called white sweet corns.. His only objection to Golden Bantam seems: to that it is not sufficiently productive. Now allow me to say if it 1s treated in accordance. with its nature there is little reason for this: restriction. It should never be planted in hills, but always have one stalk in a place not closer than ten or twelve inches between stalks, and in-rows three feet apart, and always in very rich ground. If so treated there will almost invariably be two ears on each stalk, and ears of sufficient size, it seems to me, to suit most persons. It is so incom- parably superior to all white varieties, as well as to other yellow varieties I have tried, that I am sure quality amply compensates for differences in quantity. It well illustrates the old saw that “precious goods are done up in small packages.” The one trouble I have in raising sweet corn is the blackbird. Our little city is ‘Marcu, 1918 almost a forest on account of the great num-- ber of shade trees, and this makes a fine nesting place for this bird. He is so fond of sweet corn that he does not mind the proxi- mity of house or barn, and is always on hand at early daylight ready to pull up every stalk that is showing above ground. Who can tell me how to protect my corn from this rogue. He does not stop with this. If he perchance leaves any to mature, just as soon as it is in full roasting ear condition, with his powerful beak he will strip up the shuck and ruin it. Does any one know if saturating or covering the grains with tar when planting, will prevent this bird from pulling and eating the grain? I hope some one will help me in this matter.—Dr. Ad. W. Foreman, Illinois. Plants Wanted.—Where can I procure growing specimens ot the following for collections in my garden? Anemone ranun- culoides (Yellow Anemone) Gaylussacia fron- dosa, and Sorbus suecica (Sorbus scandica).— W.H. Meyer, Cumberland, Wash. Why Burn Insect Nests?—On page 189 of the January number, there is an illustration with printed legend: “burn out insect nests in trees, using a flaming torch on the end of a convenient rod.” J take exception to this method for the reason that we often refer our students to THe Garpen Macazine and if in class they are taught “‘never burn insect nests in the trees, because of the injury caused to the tree,” and then they go to the library ‘and read, “burn them out, etc.,” why: ! The object in removing worms’ nests from fruit and other trees is to get rid of the insects which are destroying the foliage; burning the nests may accomplish this but in nearly every case the tree is injured. A safer and more certain method is to wipe out the nest by hand, or by the aid of a cloth or brush. If it is not objectionable to the grower, the bare hand may be used, or an old glove may be worn; after the worms are in the nest, grasp the thicker part of the nest and pull it carefully and all parts of the nest, with the worms, will come; this may be dropped to the ground and stepped upon. There is a special wire brush on the market for this work, it is attached to a light pole and by twisting the pole a few times the whole nest is wound on the brush and is removed from the tree. Cloths ’on a pole may be used in the same manner.— S. P. Hollister, Storrs, Conn. A Decidedly’ Useful Tool—My favorite and most useful tool is an ordinary hoe with a take handle in place of the ordinary hoe han- dle. I find the increased length of great THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 67 This method of vertical strawberry culture has its attract- ions in some conditions advantage in reaching under scratchy bushes or vines, and especially for hoeing potatoes. In order to avoid packing the earth by tramp- ing between the rows | always go up and down TOWS I, 3, 5, etc., not stepping foot in the al- ternate row for the whole season, but with my long-handled hoe I can thoroughly culti< vate in that untrodden row. Another thing Ido is to always go the same direction in a given row. ‘This bends the branches always the same way and lessens bruising and break- age.—A. B. Fuller, No. Weymouth, Mass. Tub Gardening.—Any form of intensive culture is worth considering at the present time. The growing of certain plants in tubs is an interesting plan which should be revived. Wooden: barrels are secured, and all around the sides holes are cut. The openings might be round or square, and should measure about five inches across, should separate from one another by eight inches. Bend round a piece of wire netting in the form of a tube, and place this in the centre of the barrel. This allows a free admission of air when the tub is filled with soil and prevents the earth from getting sour. Place a layer of broken crocks, several inches deep, in the bottom of the tub to assist drainage. As well, have the tub stand upon a few bricks so that its bottom is not in close contact with the ground. The soil should be a rich mixture of leaf mould and loam with the addition of some gritty material. Select an open situation for the tubs so that the sun reaches all sides to the greatest possible extent. These tubs make pretty flower gardens for any trailing plants such as Nasturtiums, Morning Glories, and showy little annuals like the Virginian Stocks. But they assume a practical importance as aids to the fruit garden. This is the most satisfactory way of raising Alpine Strawberry crops. Strong plants put into the tubs in April bear two lots of fruit in the summer and fall. Indeed the fruit is produced until the coming of the frost. During hot dry weather copious supplies of water are allowed to the tubs as, if these have been properly formed, there will be a very free drainage, and the soil soon becomes dry. A vegetable crop that may be grown in the tub garden is the dwarf French bean and only one tub planted in this way will yield a large supply of material. It will help the plants if they -are stimulated now and again with liquid manure.—S. Leon- ard Bastin. « Wintering Canterbury Bells.—Flower Lover (December issue), asks how to winter Can- terbury Bells. Try my method: Start them early enough to have good large plants by winter, and transplant them when small into the permanent bed, having the bed raised two or three inches and rounded, so that water will not stand on it. Then protect by covering the bed with leaves, but do not cover the plants. Place the leaves around and among the plants and lay on sticks, cornstalks, etc., to keep them from blowing off. I have no trouble in wintering them in this way, but when I tried covering the plants themselves, well—in the spring they were not there! I have often thought if people knew how easy Canterbury Bells could be kept over, they would be grown much more, as few flowers make a finer show in the garden—F. WV. Rice, Springfield, Mass. A New Cantaloupe.—Some years ago I began to experiment with the vegetables in our garden and to seek to produce new varie- ties of which I soon succeeded in securing several numbers. One of these to which I have given especial care originated with us in 1909. It is a cantaloupe, or muskmelon, and differs from anything yet introduced. This is a long melon and is quite similar in form to the muskmelon sold by different seeds- men as the Banana melon. It is unlike the Banana melon, however, in that it has well- netted skin and thick green flesh. The quality is excellent. I believe that I have a new can- taloupe that is equal to any on the market, Talk about “Patriotic gardens’ Here are our soldiers at work in their camps. The beginnings of a flower garden are seen on the right 68 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1918 and superior to many. It measures sixteen to twenty-four inches in length and from four to six inches is its largest diameter. I call it “Conservation.” —Mrs. E. Sefton.Mo. Yellow Tomatoes Have a Friend.—TI find Tue Garpen Macazine very interesting and helpful and hate to be without it. There are some opinions expressed, of course, with which I cannot agree, but generally speaking the advice offered will help any one who is doing anything at gardening. In the January number in the article on varieties of vegetables the writer in speaking of Tomatoes ends up by saying that Golden Queen is almost tasteless. I have never grown any of this variety until last year, probably because of a prejudice in favor of red or pink, but I must say that I found Golden Queen cqual to if not better than any of the other varieties.— J. B. Cannon, Ottawa. Hunnemannia from Seed.—The note of appraisal on the poppy wort in the December issue has brought forth a communication from the gentleman whose exhibit it was that induced Mr. Presby to try his hand. Mr. Schling in a covering letter to the Editor desires that his communication be published “Just as it is with the bottom line on.” It is so ordered! Neighbors all, Mr. Max Schling speaks: Hunnemannia to grow successfully, it doesn’t mean only to buy seed from one house or the other house. One can buy the seed anywhere he wants as long as the seed is good. When Mr. Frank H. Presby in Montclair writes in December number of THE GarpeN Macazine that he seen at my exhibit Hunnemannia, and that instigated his desire to grow some, is something which I believe happens almost every week to some one else with some other kind of flowers seen at our place. ay -} PRUNE YOUR Roses! Here’s the bush as it comes through from last year. See other figure If Mr. Presby would have taken the time to call me up, I would have saved him fully three years of experiment, and he could have good flowers the first season. I don’t mean to say that the first seed was good and the sowing was not correct and I again don’t want to say the se cond lot was not good and the soil was bad, but what I want to say is that no matter what seed is sown, it shall be sown at the right time to insure success, and the second reason for a good production is to sow the seed in the right way. Most growers sow Hunnemannia or any variety of Esholtzia directly in the ground where the planting sh all remain and bring flowers. I am one of the few who doesn’t sow the Esholt- zia in the place where it shall develop to bloom. I am one of the very few who doesn’t press the ground down in the seed boxes. I never was unsuccessful with any kind of seed; but before I sow seed I make sure to buy my seeds from a house to whom I have confidence that I will get fresh seeds, and no mix- ture or no carryover seeds. If Mr. Presby would have gotten Schling’s seeds with Schling’s instructions, he would have had a good result the first year. I will sow my Hunnemannia in this way: I fill a box with one-fifth sand, one-fifth loam, and three parts of leaf mould, finely sifted, the box full up to the rim. Level soil lightly with a strip of wood, and instead of press it down, I lift the box a few inches from the planting table and let it drop down evenly. I take the strip of wood which has a straightened edge and press the edge down very lightly, making lines into the soil about two inches apart. Sow my seeds in the rows evenly. Lift the box again up about two inches from the plant- ing table, drop it down evenly, spray the soil thoroughly with a very fine sprayer which doesn’t disturb the soil much, and cover it with glass. Within 10 or 12 days the little plants begin to come up. When the plants have developed the second leaves, I replant them in little pots, but instead of using broken pots in the bottom of the pots, I use small pieces of ordinary newspaper that hinders the roots to grow out of the pots, and by careful watering it still doesn’t block the drainage. Before planting the young plants out in the ground where they shall go, I water them thoroughly then they lift easy out of the pots, and can be planted without the root being disturbed. By planting I possibly waste four to five per cent. of the plants on account of the balls, but I always had wonderful Esholtzia in and out doors. In future Mr. Presby, in this open letter with the necessary information how to grow Esholtzia successfully without having to soak them over night in hot water, I would like to mention this, anything I have and anything I grow, I never make a secret out of my methods. I never have made yet a secret of anything in which I was successful, and you, just th» same as everyone else, can come to me at any time and I wil. give you the necessary information. If it is growing of Esholtzia or Gerbera, or shall it be forcing of Ixia, or anything else, you always can come and ask Max Schling, regardless, and no matter what it is, and if it is something which I don’t know, I will truth- fully tell that I cannot tell you because my experience doesn’t reach that far, but I will tell you where you can get the right information in the right way. And just the same as my knowl- edge is at the disposal of anybody else, it will be always at your disposal. Not for mercenary reasons, but out of love for flowers and for horticulture. Is the South Disinterested?—Permit me please, to come in with a few comments on “December in the South” by J. M. Patterson of Virginia—were this comeback given place “Among our Garden Neighbors” probably the first question asked would be “‘who struck Billy Patterson.” It is not my intention, however, to throw “bricks” at anybody, and as for throwing snowballs will say in passing, that “there ain’t no such thing in south Georgia.” I will not go so far as to state there is never any snow in the South. While I can but concede, and too, with pride that Virginia is a part of the South, it forms such a small part, the very topmost point, that from my viewpoint it is unwise, unjust, and to a great extent to the undoing of the South, to base Southern gardening operations from the vantage ground of Virginia. Neither would I have the Editor think that I am picking flaws with the management of THE (GARDEN Macazine, for I do believe that its policy is equality to all, partiality to none. The South should have a better showing in the magazine—though I firmly believe it 15 disinterestedness on the part of Southern growers, that we do not have this. In justice to Patterson, I wish to state that he is doing a good work for his part of the South (where the first average killing frost occurs about November tst or 15th in autumn) but not for the whole South. In our section, the first average killing frost is about December Ist or 15th. The winter of 1916 was a rare in- stance of what King Cold can do to the South. At this date, December 7th, our gardens, our lawns and flower gardens, are green and gay with growing things and good things to eat. We seldom have a freeze deep enough to seriously injure Roses, shrubs, or winter blooming plants. Violets, Christmas Sweet Peas, Pansies, English Daisies, Salvia, Ver- bena, etc., withstanding light frosts making the outdoor border gay with colorful beauty. of bloom. Now for the benefit of those who may ask “who struck Billy Patterson,” they will just consider the source—when they find out 1t was just a mere woman, an amateur at that, but one who wants, and is working for more enlightenment, enthusiasm and more interested individual workers in Southern gardening. If I may I would like to tell the readers of Tue Garpen Macazine what our little floral club has accomplished in the three years of its life. [Surely. Come along!—£ditor.] Last but not least let me say that THe Gar- DEN Macazine has been an inspiration to us in our struggling work.—Mrs. A. H. FHavenkoth, Valdosta, Ga. The Sporting Chance in the garden is worth thestake of a littleseed. Peasin the late fall may not fruit heavily but the surprise crop picked last fall at Huntington, L. I, November 17th, was well worth the effort. The late Au- gust planting was_be- gmning to produce when really cold weather came, but a rough covering of canvas preserved the vines from destruction and one large picking of fully developed pods was obtained November 17th. Was our gardener friend elated? He was!—S. A. E. A Stand- ard Rose is not pruned quite so hard be- cause it is expected to give quanti- ty rather than size of bloom PRUNED For Business. This is a good illustration of pruning for fine flowers THE MONTH’S REMINDER, MARCH, 1918 The purpose of the Reminder 1s to call to your attention the things which should be thought about or done during the next few weeks. details as to how to do the different things suggested, see the current or back issues of THE GARDEN MAGaziNne. for each completed volume, and is sent gratis on request. asked—that’s its job.) items that apply to your own case, and use the page as a reference list. are an exception to the rule, you can use the bad days in March just as profitably in completing your preparations as you could in beginning actual operations out of doors. ON’T be too impetuous! An over- early start gains nothing. Unless you In the Vegetable Garden GE manure on the ground as quickly as possible; spread it evenly, break up all lumps; don’t wait until ready to plow or spade. Be wise in time and order your supply of chemical fertilizers now. (Don’t be in too much of a hurry to work the ground. If itis plowed or spaded while still wet, it may be injured for several seasons to come. As soon as ground is dry enough to work, plant first early things, regardless of temperature; these include [J onion sets, ©) round peas, (J asparagus and () horse- radish roots, L) beets, (J turnips, LJ onions, ©) spinach, O) lettuce and radish. Make the first plantings of seeds very shallow: also, sow seed very thick as germ- ination will not be as good as later. To get the earliest and surest results, use plant forcers both for individual plants set out, such as cabbage, lettuce, cauliflower; and for vegetables planted in rows, such as beets, lettuce, and radishes. After these early crops are well started, the forcers can be used the second and the third time for later vegetables. C) Get ready for use next month, bean poles, brush for pea supports, tomato poles, etc. (J Also put in stakes and labels where vegetables are to be planted later. (0 Remove parsnips and oyster plants from the ground as soon as possible; store the surplus in a cold cellar or cover with soil and thick mulching on top of frozen ground, in a shaded place. In The Flower Garden REMOVE mulch from hardy perennials, bulbs, and flower beds gradually, a third or so at a time, so as not to keep the plants in cold storage too long on the one hand, nor to make them make a tender growth under the mulch on the other. (J Clean up and burn all remains of last year’s plants! Most diseases and insect pests are carried over in the refuse of old stalks, fallen leaves, etc. () Cut the old stalks off to within an inch or two of the ground—or if they are loose, remove altogether. () Begin work on edges of walks, and bor- ders, as soon as possible. () Save time this year by getting a regular edging machine for this purpose. (J In trimming the edge, do not cut back too far to get even lines. A deep cut invites injury from wagons, wheel- barrows, trade carts, and the sod dries out. O) Make use of roller on edges and borders, especially when the ground is still soft and wet, as it keeps them even and discourages mold. O As soon as the new growth begins the roots will be looking for an abundance of plant food—jine ground bone spaded in or taked about plants, washed down to roots by the spring rains, will enable them to make a quick, strong growth. (J Transplant perennials early; don’t wait for growth to begin. (J Fine, well rotted manure and bone should, of course, be mixed with the soil before plants are re-set or transferred. The first things put into the ground out-~ side from seed, should be Sweet Peas. trench should be dug out eighteen inches or more in depth and a dressing of the best manure obtainable, put in the bottom to the depth of at least six inches. (] Replace the best of the soil, and make a second applica- tion of bone fertilizer. A little dried blood or tankage worked into the surface will help to produce the best Sweet Peas you have ever had. Do not plant seed too thickly; to make sure of getting the best results possible, inocu- late with one of the reliable bacteria cultures. If you are setting out many new perennials, fruits, and things of that kind next month, (] get the ground ready in advance by thorough spading, generous applications of bone, and manure or commercial fertilizer so that these things may be planted immediately upon receipt. Remember that the hardest varieties of seed should be slightly filed or notched—being careful not to injure the eye —before being planted. In The Greenhouse NV AKE ROOM! Overcrowding in the greenhouse in March and April is the cause of poor plants. Much extra space can be obtained temporarily, however, by using post and rafter shelf brackets, utilizing many corners under the benches, etc. Get this extra room ready in advance. L] Go over all greenhouse benches and discard all plants that are not actually needed. L} Transplant early! Part of the secret of getting strong plants is in never allowing the little seedlings to get big enough to crowd. Keep as near as possible to glass after transplanting and give plenty of fresh air. (J Pot up cuttings while roots are still short, if the cuttings are not rooted evenly, go over them and pick those which are ready and replace the others if desired. Don’t let growing plants in pots crowd. If they are not quite ready for repotting change them about on the bench to prevent their rooting through, and to give them more room. Loosen up soil on top and remove any small weeds which may have started. (J Pinch back young growing plants. Plants that have become spindling should be pinched out in time to form a good branching, stocky specimen. If they have become too tall, it may be necessary to cut them back a third to a half. Top cuttings may be made of any variety which it may be desired to in- crease—but they must be handled carefully, as they are likely to be a little soft. J Start late vegetables such as toma- toes, eggplant, peppers, etc. now, to follow the lettuce, beets, cabbage, etc., started last month. () Give them ten degrees more temperature if possible. (J Celery should be grown “cool.” Celery seed is very fine and slow to germinate and should be soaked until ready to sprout before planting and then covered very lightly. For best results, pot up vegetable plants. 69 For full (An index of contents 1s prepared é The READERS’ SERVICE DEPARTMENT will also cite references on any special topic if To get the full benefit of this, check off with a pencil—in the square provided for that purpose before each paragraph, the For the home garden it is not very much work to pot up even such things as cabbage and lettuce in two inch paper pots. Tomatoes, peppers and eggplants if transplanted once to pots and then put into four or five inch square paper pots will give plants with the first formed clusters of fruit already set by the time they are to be put into the open, and they can be transplanted with less danger of frost than in setting out plants from the flats in the old way. To get quickest, surest results with Dahlias, Cannas, Caladiums, Tuberous Begonias, etc., pot up the roots already started as described last month. These, also, may go into a rich compost in paper pots. L] Keep flowering plants well fed. Fine bone meal worked into the soil and nitrate of soda as a liquid manure, will do wonders to bring up flowering plants in pots or in the bed which have begun to “lag.” The Frames OLDFRAMES and_ hotbeds ‘ should be “warmed up’ now, with all the sash thoroughly repaired and in place and every- thing ready to take the overflow from the greenhouse, or the plants started indoors and ready to transplant now. L) Ventilate daily! Only on the stormiest days should sash be left down tight. Watch watering carefully. Water accord- ing to the condition of the soil, not by rule of thumb. The plants may not need watering for several days in cloudy or in stormy weather. L] Set out or sow vegetables, such as let- tuce, cauliflower, beets, radish, carrots and onion sets for earliest spring use. [hese may be planted a third to a half again as close as they are usually put out of doors. (L) Sow seed thinly—conditions for germination are much better than out-of-doors. Make additional temporary frames if crowd- ed for room. Any old boards put together so that they will give the plants head room and form a support for the sash will answer the purpose. Glass storm sash are not needed; frames covered with cloth or muslin will do. The Rose Garden ATE this month, remove the mulching from the hardy Roses. 0 Prune rugosas as soon as possible. Old canes should be cut down clear to the ground. The others may be allowed to grow for length or cut back, as required, if a formal or semi- formal hedge is wanted. (J Prune the hardy garden Roses, Rugosa Hybrids, and Hybrid Perpetuals as soon as severe freezing weather is past. The Tea and Hybrid Teas should be left until later. In pruning, remember the more severely you cut the plants back, the better flowers you will have. Ifa great quantity of bloom is preferred to size, prune less severely. [) Begin cultivation as soon as the ground is dried out enough to work without being sticky. A good dressing of bone meal should be worked into the top soil and forked in around the plant. Plant dormant Roses as early as possible. If you expect to use dormant roots, be ready — a) THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1918 to plant them as soon as they are received. Follow the directions sent with the plant carefully, cutting back straggling or broken roots and, after planting, cutting back the top branches to stubs of three to five eyes each. In The Cellar IG? over all vegetables and fruits that may be left and remove at once all those that show any sign of decay. Watch your chance to leave ventilators open for a few cold nights and, then as warmer weather comes on, keep all openings tightly closed. L] Make a general clean up and be prepared to give good whitewashing as soon as the last things are used. In The Tool House LL in order? Get every tool in order and every piece of garden equipment in shape, and ready to use at a moment’s notice. ) Every one should be sharpened, oiled and adjusted for the kind of work it will first be required for this spring L] Provide a box of soft grease for rubbing over the blades or other working parts of tools that are not frequently used; rust wears out more tools than use, ten times over! L] Are all new tools and parts ordered? Order them now even if you don’t need them until next July. L] Same applies to supplies of sundries, in- cluding labels, pots, fertilizers, insecticides, etc. Putting it Simply, for the Beginner ‘MAKING HOTBEDS AND COLDFRAMES—SOWING SEEDS—WATERING OWING seeds is so easy that it is really surprising that anybody should have any failures, providing the seeds are of good quality. Of all the details in handling and growing plants it is the most mechanical. It is only justice to the’seedsman, however, to add that the seeds are rarely at fault and most failures can be charged to the operator. Making Every Seed Count FoR the early start and to have plants of certain things to set out in their season it is desirable to sow seeds “in heat”; that is to say indoors or in a hotbed. For this purpose boxes or pans about 3 inches deep with open- ings in the bottom to permit drainage are used. Boxes are better because all the sowings required for a small garden can be made in a couple of boxes that measure 12 x 24 inches; boxes also have the advantage of not “drying out” so rapidly as pots or pans where the air circulates around them freely as the atmos- phere in the dwelling is usually so dry that evaporation is very rapid. RAINAGE as referred to above is essential, not for the seeds (which require abun- dant moisture to soften the outer shell and burst the jacket), but for the young plant immediately it has taken root. The rootlet and sprout appear simultaneously and if the box be not drained “damping off” will cause trouble. A medium that will allow the water to pass through freely must be placed in the bottom of the seed box; it matters little what you use—sifted cinders, clam shells, coarse screened gravel, or anything of that character will answer the purpose. On top of this drainage in order to prevent the soil from pass- ing through and clogging up the openings, poor coarse manure, salt hay, or excelsior may be used. OIL for seeding purposes must be of good “‘texture’’—1.e. loose and friable. As a test take a handful of soil and squeeze it in the palm. The soil particles should adhere so that when pressure is released the mass of soil remains compact giving a perfect mold of the hand, yet when a little pressure is applied it will crumble into a loose mass. If the compost is too light or too dry, it won’t hold together; if too heavy or too wet, it won’t break apart. In the former case add some heavy garden soil; and use sand to correct heaviness. Young seedlings do not need a soil rich in plant food as the tender roots “burn” if they get into contact with rich soil or manure. Fresh manure will burn always and for that reason before the boxes are filled the soil should be screened to remove any manure that it might contain. ASooP formula for a seed sowing soil is equal parts leaf mould, sand and soil from the garden, screening each separately through a tinch mesh screen. Then mix thoroughly, by turning several times. Filling the Boxes THE prepared compost is used to com- pletely fill the box; this when firmed by pressure will give the proper depth below the sides of the box. This is best done by the fingers of the two hands slightly spread, much as in operating a typewriter. Lack of proper firming will result in failure, a box left loose and spongy will not drain properly, and on the other hand, if too firm or hard the soil will “bake,” but this rarely occurs; the proper consistency is when a pencil point forced into the soil and withdrawn will leave a clean opening. After firming the surface should be smoothed and pressed perfectly flat and even with a seed tamp or the bottom of a glass tumbler (See illustrations in last month’s GARDEN MaGazINE, page 15). ‘Sowing the Seeds OW in drills in the seed box about 2 inches apart or scattered broadcast over the surface. The latter method is pre- ferred because it distributes the seeds more evenly and so gives room for the young plants. Beginners usually sow the seed too thickly which induces “damping off.” Sow thinly. The ideal is for each seed to have at least 4 inch space. Press the seeds into the surface of the soil with the bottom of a tumbler, a piece of board, or other flat surface. Then cover—about twice the depth of the seed is the usual procedure. This may seem like a task for a microscope and delicate mechanical instruments, but it is comparatively easy if you take an old flour sifter or a piece of fine mesh metal mosquito netting, held above the seeds and forcing the _ soil through with one hand. Again firm the sur- face after covering by using a smooth faced tool and water carefully with a fine rose or bulb sprayer to prevent washing the seeds. There is no particular advantage in using tepid water until after the seeds have germ- inated; then, however, the water should be about the same temperature as the air of the room, and watering may be done by covering the box with a piece of cheesecloth, and a small piece of paper placed just where the water strikes. Watering Young Plants O FIXED rule can be given as to water- ing, it depending entirely upon the soil used, the temperature maintained. and other matters that control evaporation. The gen- eral principle is to not keep the box too wet, letting the surface get a little dry at times. Where one plant dies of thirst there are thou- sands destroyed by “damping off,” which is a parasitical disease induced by overwatering, but can also be caused by overcrowding (which produces similar conditions). If the seed boxes are placed in a window where they have full sunshine, and where a night tempera- ture more than 55° is maintained the seeds will very likely need watering once a day. In case of sowing made a little late, or with slow germ- inating seed, which it is desired to hurry a little, a glass can be laid over the seed box, thus enclosed a high temperature is induced. The glass should be removed when the seed- lings show above ground. Making Hotbeds HE difference between a hotbed and coldframe is that the former is heated’ artificially. When heated by pipes from a greenhouse or garage they are termed “heated frames.” The term “hotbed” is_ generally applied to frames heated by fermenting manure; and they are of wonderful assist- ance to the garden in getting an earlier start and moreover the plants will attain a higher degree of development because of the early start. The size of hotbed should be governed by the size of the garden. A two sash hotbed approximately 6x6 ft. is a very good size for home gardens not more than 50 x 50 ft, where they are used only for early starting of such plants as cabbage, lettuce, cauliflower, for setting out in the garden when the weather is favorable. Fresh horse manure is necessary in the prep- aration of hotbeds. Manures that have de- cayed are not good for this purpose, as the natural heat of the manure is lost. The frame should be excavated about 16 inches deep, measuring from the top of the front; about 8 inches of manure is then placed in the frame and firmed by tamping. In making hotbeds in fall for use over the winter from 2 to 3 feet of manure will be necessary; but for spring work 8 inches is sufficient. The glass surface is protected at night with straw mats or leaves or hay. On top of the manure place about 4 inches of good garden soil and when this is firmed and properly smoothed off, the frame will be ready for sowing seed; but don’t fill the entire space as only about one-half of 1. Fresh stable ma- nure about one foot deep is used to give the necessary heat in a hotbed 2. Then about six inchesof soil is spread, firmed by the feet, and smoothed by a rake 4. Make all firm after sow- ing by pressing with back of wooden rake. Water with fine rose 3. For making drills use a straight edge and label, or the handle of the hoe 5. Bank hot manure around the outside of frame during cold weather The Garden Movies No. EXPOSING THE MYSTERY OF MAKING A HOTBED FOR AN EARLY START OF SEEDS “IN HEAT” —FILLING A “FLAT”? AND PROVIDING THE “DRAINAGE” TO MAKE THE COMPOST SWEET 6. Let the seed box, or flat, be 3 in. deep. (Photographs by W.C. McCollom) 10. Sow the seeds in shallow drill or broad- Put in a layer of rough drainage broken pots, cast and label with name and date. Cover shells, cinders, etc. A the seeds very lightly and make firm 7. Cover the drainage with coarse litterto 8. Put in the soil level to the top and 9. Tamp firmly and make even with a 11. When the young plants can be han- keep the compost from washing through work down with finger pressure flat piece of wood dled ‘‘prick off’? to give more space 71 72 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Marcu, 1918 one sash will be necessary for seeding pur- poses. The rest of the space will be needed after the seeds have germinated, when they will require more room and must be trans- planted. Sowing seeds is done exactly as recommended for sowing in boxes. Ven- tilate freely, on fine days and even on cloudy days a little air should be admitted, as the hot beds are full of ammonia fumes from the manure. Here again underwatering is pre- ferable to overwatering. With underwater- ing the plants always show distress signs before any serious damage is done. Quantity and Spacing of Seeds HAT seeds are you going to sow? It is preferable to temper your ambitions with judgment, and not attempt more than it is pos- sible to accomplish. The plants that should be started in the frame or dwelling now are cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, and tomatoes; if you have room include celery, onions, leek, eggplant, and peppers; and where plenty of room is available such as a greenhouse or unlimited frame space, add beets, carrots, pars- ley, French Globe artichoke, and corn in pots. The quantity of seeds depends upon the size of your garden. You must decide whether you want to set out 50 early cab- bages or only 25. ‘There is no sense in raising enough lettuce plants for the neighborhood, and not haying any tomatoes for your own. One ounce of cabbage and cauli- flower will produce 3,000 plants; one ounce of celery and lettuce seed will produce about 5,000 plants; an ounce of tomatoes, onions and leek will produce about 1,500 plants each. One packet of seed of any of the above is all any person would require for early seeding in the home garden. The spacing of the seeds is easy to arrive at. Let us take lettuce for example: You want 50 plants. That will take about 12 inches of drill or about 12 square inches to start the seeds; the young seedlings when transplanted should have 2 inches of space each way which means a minimum of 100 square inches to accommodate 50 plants. Twice this space would be better if you can afford the room. Tomatoes, celery, cabbage and cauliflower will require about the same spacing, and in practice this can be taken as the spacing for all seeds started in the frame or dwelling. Handling After Starting WEN the seedlings have made their first character leaf they should be trans- planted where they will have more room to develop. If this be done in the window of the dwelling boxes will serve the purpose very well. It is better to have a separate box for each kind of plant; because not all kinds will be ready for planting outdoors at the same date; tomatoes and cabbages, for example. The former must wait for warmer weather. The soil to be used in these boxes should be the same as was used for sowing with about 20 per cent. well rotted manure added. In frames a space is made ready by proper smoothing and marking off with lines where the young seed- ines are to be planted. ift the young plants by forcing a trowel underneath and prying up which will keep the roots intact. They should have been well watered a few hours before this to avoid breaking of the roots when separating the seedlings. To receive the new plant make a hole about 2 inches deep with the point of a lead pencil or a sharpened stick, drop the seedling root -straight down, holding the young plant be- tween the thumb and forefinger of the left hand, press the soil, against the roots by pressing the dibbler in the soil about 4 inch from the seedling and prying over. The watering, which should be done immediately, ~ will fill the hole and will settle the soil around the roots. 2 Shade for a few days after transplanting; but this must not be overdone, in fact total shade for one day is all that is necessary, the second day just a few hours in the middle of the day, and on the third day just around noon. Remember, there is more danger in growing plants too warm than too cool; too much water is much worse than too little; and too much air is better than not enough. Newer Climbing Roses of Merit £.1. rarrincton LARGE FLOWERS, BETTER COLORS AND CLEAN HEALTHY FOLIAGE ENDURING WELL INTO WINTER CHARACTERIZE THE MODERN TRELLIS ROSE—AMERICAN RAISED ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS OR a long time the average man chose the Crimson Rambler as a matter of course when he wanted a Climbing Rose, and it is largely planted, even now, although there is no excuse for growing such an inferior variety when Ex- celsa 1s just as available. Even after the hybridizers had turned their attention to the Climbing Rose amateurs were very slow in accepting the improved sorts. It was twelve years before the splen- did American Pillar Rose acquired anything like widespread recog- nition. But this is all changed now, it would seem, and the Climbing Rose has come into its own. The chief difficulty now is in keeping track of the new varieties, so rapidly is the list being extended through the efforts of enthusiastic Rose specialists. Yet some of the newer kinds are so exceptionally fine that they cannot be over- looked. Excelsa ;already men- tioned has been out for several years but is the best of the red Rambler class, although it may be necessary to say this with a reservation, for W. A. Manda’s Dazzling Red now on trial at the Hartford park may be as good, al- though that is doubtful, judging from last season’s reports. At least, there will be no lack of good red climbers in the future Mary Lovett Ross, ‘aptly described as a white flowered Dr. Van Fleet, is another triumph of the successful hybridist Dr. Van Fleet and of varieties that are “clean” all through the season, which certain older ones were not. The Climbing American Beauty is already fairly well known, its name alone being sufficient to win its trial by amateurs to whom the American Beauty is the Rose by which all other sorts are measured. It is very fragrant, very showy and a splendid Rose forgarden work, al- though possessing one distinct dis- advantage in the fact that it holds its old petalsuntil they have become faded and washed out, giving the bush an unkempt and depressing appearance unless the flowers are kept trimmed off. Hiawatha has much the same habit and the grower should make up his mind that he will need to use the scissors freely when the blooming season is over. Hia- watha, though, is well worth grow- ing, for its brilliance is a revelation to those who have never seen it in flower. The flowers are single, ruby- crimson on the petals but white in the centre, with anthers a rich gol- den yellow. The plants blossom freely from the time they are small bushes and make a good, strong growth, whichis ofthe rambler type and the flowers are retained until late in the season. Probably most rose growers will agree that Dr. Van Fleet is the best of the pink climbers recently dis- seminated, Being a Wichuraiana hybrid—the other parent being Sou- venir du Pres. Carnot, it is practically immune to mildew, while the foliage is large and glossy. Marcu, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 73 Purity Rose. A twin sister of Christine Wright has white flowers and a grace of habit that captivates attention The pale pink double and fragrant blossoms are very handsome,jboth in the garden and when cut. At the national flower show in Philadelphia and also at the New York show the silver medal offered by the American Rose Society for the best new Rose was awarded a clear, bright sport of Dorothy Perkins which was exhibited under the name of Elizabeth Ziegler in honor of a daughter of William Ziegler, Jr. of Connecticut. ‘This Rose forces with better color than Dorothy Perkins, which will make it popular with large growers, and it also gives promise of being a distinct acquisition for garden culture. Christine Wright has the bright pink of the Wild Rose, grows well and has large, dark green foliage. It comes from a cross between the popular Caroline Testout and an un- named seedling. The new seedling America also has the charm of the Wild Rose in its dainty pink coloring, shading to white. 7 It is exceedingly free flowering, judging from its blooming habits at Woods Hole, and has the special merit of holding its flowers in good condition for a long time. It makes a very strong growth and seems to be perfectly hardy, as well as resistant to mildew. It is a promising novelty. Daybreak is a pretty little pink Rose origin- ated by the late Jackson Dawson, and I think that no one now living knows its parentage. It is not at all well known as yet, but is an exceptionally good Rose to train on walls and fences, being perfectly hardy and making a vigorous, even rampant growth. It is decorative in the house, too, when used in a mass. No white climber had met with special favor among amateur rose growers until Sil- ver Moon was distri- buted, but something about the aptly chosen name seems to have appealed to the public imagination and many plants of this new and really beautiful Rose have been set out in small as well as large gardens. SilverMoon isa Wichuraiana cross, but has considerable Cherokee blood, which it might be assumed would make it a little tender. Yet I know of plants near Boston that have already gone through three winters. The flowers of this Rose are re- markable for their size, often being four and a half inches in diameter, and _ the bright yellow stamens which fill the centre make a fascinating contrast to the silvery white of the blossoms. The large, glossy green leaves carried until late in the season make this a very use- ful pillar and pergola Rose even when it is not in bloom. An even finer white climber, though, is Purity, which won the silver medal at the Hartford test garden in 1916. The Purity Rose was one of four fertile seeds from the crossing of an unnamed pink seedling with Madam Caroline Testout. One of the seed- lings was Christine Wright, which has already been mentioned as=a new pink variety, and another was Purity, which, as the name implies, is pure white. Having no Cherokee blood, it is somewhat hardier than Silver Moon and seems to have abouteverymeritthat could be desired in a white climber. Its general appearance is shown by the accom- panying illustration. Mary Lovett is another creation of Dr. W. Van Fleet, whose name has been given to a pink Rose already described. Perhaps Mary Lovett might be properly called a white Dr. Van Fleet, although its popularity will never be quite as_ great probably, for the Van Fleet was intro- duced just when the time was ripe for an extra good soft pink climber. Mary Lov- ett Rose is a hybrid of Kaiserin Augusta Vic- toria and the hardy wichuraiana, with the natural result that it is well nigh mildew proof and free from most other fungus troubles. The flowers are large, pure white and borne on long stems, making them highly desirable for house decoration. This Rose blooms to some extent in the fall as well as very freely in the Spring and the foliage is ornamental all the season. Yellow Climbers, like yellow Bush Roses in general, have never found as much favor as some of the other varieties, perhaps because so few really good sorts have been produced. Yellow Roses are likely to be too white or else poor in form, but Aviateur Blériot which seems to be an improved yellow Rambler has good color and is considered as hardy as Dorothy Perkins. The flowers are double and borne freely in loose clusters. This will prob- ably be a popular Rose, yet it is doubtful if it will supercede the older Gardenia, which is really a fine yellow Rambler. Another new yellow Rose which is being reported on very favorably in different parts of the country is Professor Sargent, a fine, free flowering climber that is showing up well wherever planted. Alberic Barbier is a yellow Rose which is very easy to grow and seems to flourish in al- most any fairly sunny situation. It is a good variety to grow on fences and over summer houses, and is free from mildew, but it is al- most too light colored to be wholly satisfac- tory for intimate acquaintance. Goldfinch is a fairly recent English Rambler with good foliage and semi-double, lemon yellow flowers borne in clusters. A particularly interesting new climber and one that is attracting considerable attention, especially among lady gardeners, is Wich- Moss, a pretty hybrid the parentage of which is indicated by its name. The Moss Rose Salet was chosen for the cross with the hardy R. wichuraiana and the result is what is prac- tically a Climbing Moss Rose. The color is a light pink when the flowers first open, the reverse of the petals being a darker shade... The blossoms are sweetly scented and the mossing upon them is very attractive. The bush makes a fairly vigorous growth and while Wich-Moss is not showy, it is a delight- ful addition to the list of newer Climbers worth getting acquainted with. Wicu-Moss Rose, the origin of which is clearly set forth in the name, is in effect a climbing counterpart of the old time Moss with shiny foliage What’s New in Vegetable and Flower Seeds? REVIEW OF THE TRADE’S OFFERINGS IN THE NOVELTIES OF THE SEASON By THE EDITORIAL STAFF This ts the first part of a comprehensive review of the trade activities in new offerings this year. In next month’s number the plants, summer ~ bad . . . . > roots, shrubs, Roses, and such like, will receive attention. HE effects of the great war are clearly reflected in the horticultural trade offerings this season. ‘This is due to a large extent to the fact that certain large seed producing centres of the world are now incomunicado, and even though there may have been a normal supply of new things scheduled for introduction at this time, yet trade conditions made it im- possible to get them into circulation. Furthermore, the continued warfare will have very largely reduced seed production in those same regions, and has had a restrict- ing result quite apart from the difficulties of communication. Last year we had occasion to mention in the corresponding review that the influence of the European war was clearly seen in the comparative scarcity of seed novel- ties; and commented further that the loss was being met in some degree by the supplies grown in America. The developments of a year have but served to intensify those same conditions. The ultimate outlook would seem to be much brighter for such staples in flowers and vegetables as can be produced at home. Probably the necessity of turning to home industry as a source of supply will bear fruition in later years by having placed the American seed grower in a stronger strat- egic position than he had before. It is not likely that we shall ever again be so entirely dependent upon foreign agencies for such things as can be adequately produced at home. The world’s commerce is heme readjusted. pak tendency of the trade as a whole, with reference to new things, is summed up admirably in a letter from a prominent eastern seedsman, reading in part as follows: “We consider this the wrong time to pre- sent high priced novelties in vegetables. In order to meet the public demand and to ren- der our country the service which we think it is our duty to give at this time, we have devoted the entire novelty section of the vege- table seed part of our catalogue to the pre- sentation of standard varieties especially re- commended for the home vegetable garden.” From widely different sections expressions of the same sentiment have reached us, in one form or another. ‘‘Nothing new, but something better—selected strains, strains that are as nearly fool-proof as we can make them,” writes a western seedsman. And the catalogue offerings of the leaders of the industry prove their desire to be useful to Sidalcea Rose Queen is a selected type of a native American family that will surely be quite at home in our gardens gardeners striving after maximum returns rather than to cater to the desires of those seeking the unusual. [! IS just as well! It is well that we should become betteracquainted with whatwe have. Many a diamond “in the rough” is buried beneath the maze of cumbersome names in the average seed catalogue. The recognition of the food value of root crops is more impor- tant to us, at present, than the introduction of a new egg plant of a different shade of "years. purple! One enterprising seedsman has scoured “‘all the friendly corners of the globe” in search of unusual vegetables designed to acquaint America with some of the food-stand- bys of older civilizations. And yet, the year is not entirely bare of worthwhile novelties, due to the fact that the fixing process generally covers a period of This holds more true in the case of flowers than vegetables. Work of some hybridizers, started several years before the _ war, is beginning to bear fruit. Intrinsic Merit in Vegetables jp Golden State contributes a new String- less Green Podded Navy Bean, bred up by selection, true to bush type, with string- less pods and white dry beans (Aggeler & Musser). Aside from this, the bean situation throughout the country the past summer proved even more disastrous than the one of 1916. It kept the growers busy to provide seeds in barely sufficient quantities to perpet- uate the leading standard varieties. The same holds true of peas and corn, though of the latter, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, brings forth a new main crop variety, Sweet Heart Sweet Corn (Holmes) said to bear from two to four ears, each eight to ten inches long, per stalk. In White Top Blood Turnip Beet an odd form of that important root crop, with light yel- low foliage, claims attention. Though as a rule, light tops are indicative of light color in the root, this sort is said to have blood red flesh. (Holmes) Just-in-Head Lettuce of the early butter- head type (Wing) promises to prove a sur- prise as regards both earliness in heading and standing quality before going to seed. Ohio Grand Rapids Lettuce, evolved by the Ohio Experiment Station holds out interesting pos- sibilities for underglass gardeners. It is re- freshing to read the bland statement of the introducer (Wing) that this sort is not recom- mended for outdoor culture. Working on the basis that an improved strain of a popular standard of proven merit is A green podded Navy bean without strings will be welcomed for trial The Home Tomato as it behaves in California. prolific 74 Potato-leaf type and quite Ohio Grand Rapids lettuce isa selected strain specially adapted for under glass Marcu, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 75 more valuable to the coun- try at large than novelties with fickle tendencies, we find Perfection Radish (Dreer) a carefully selected strain of Scarlet Turnip White Tip. Recognizing the merit (and crop shortage) of Bountiful Bean, the English type of it, Sutton’s Masterpiece, is boosted by quite a few of the leading eastern dealers —(Boddington, Stumpp & Walter, Thorburn). ‘This, while not actually a novelty will be as a newcomer to many gardeners. As “the earliest big red sort,” Livingston describes Manyfold Tomato, with the qualifying statement that, during the past season.on 183 plants, there were coun- ted 442 clusters of 5 fruits ormore. The Home Tomato (Aggeler & Musser), early, medium-sized, purple, is frankly described as a “freak but true-to-type.” Its heavy, potato- leaved foliage causes it to be particularly adaptable to sections with long, dry seasons. Few European Flower Novelties HEN it comes to flower seed novelties the dearth of really unique things is very noticeable, due, no doubt, to the prolonged conflict in Europe, whose master seed growers are in the trenches. Even so, it is most gratifying that not all of England’s activities in the creation of floral novelties have ceased, for in Antirrhinum Feltham Beauty (Thorburn) we have a new rose-pink with white centre, the enormous flower stalks of which aresaid tomakeit the largest-flowering sort yetevolved. The Covent Garden Strains of Calceolaria, including Bronze Age and Veitchit White (Vhorburn) prove that underglass activ- ities in seed production are progressing satis- factorily in a country now in its third year of war—a fact that should, in a measure, reassure underglass gardeners on thissideof the Atlantic. Sweet Peas continue to advance in favor. the early flowering type In the Mammoth None-Lateral Branching Aster (Vaughan) is a new type in which an over production of lateral branches has been re- stricted. Theamountof plant energy thussaved has been directed into channels making for lar- ger individual flowers. Four-inch blooms on two-foot plants resulted, in white and blue. Occasionally we witness the commendable deed of some one taking hold of a sadly ne- glected plant group, with sterling characteris- tics and so injecting new life into it. Dreer gives the group of hardy Sidalceas a new lease of life with the introduction of Rose Queen, with 5-foot spikes, and Rosy Gem, not over 3 feet high. But the prize for activities in developing new and meritorious kinds of flowers goes to the Golden State where a matchless’ climate seconds every effort of the plant breeder and hybridizer. For more than twenty years Cali- fornia has contributed a regular share of new forms of such popular annuals as Eschscholtzia Cosmos, Nasturtium, Petunia, Sweet Pea, etc. By careful breeding and constant selection, Ruffled - Monster Petunia is here shown a little less than half size. Offered in various colors None-Lateral Branching is a new- comer in Asters with large flowers on small plants Sweet Brier (left), and Snowstorm (right) are newcomers of the new race of Larly-Flow- ering Spencer Sweet Peas, of great usefulness for forcing and for the south and tropical climates, has been lifted from the experi- mental class into the posi- tion of an important factor in floriculture. A round dozen new kinds (Burpee) are available as follows: Daybreak, creamy pink; Empress, deep rose pink; Exquisite, primrose, picotee edge; Mauve Beauty, rosy mauve; Princess, soft laven- der; Sunburst, rich pink with amber and salmon shades; Zephyr, pale lavender; La- vender King, deep lavender; Snowstorm, ‘white; Sweet Brier, pink with amber shades; Blue Bird, true blue; Canary Bird, primrose. Then, there are a few new California Poppies, among which Vesuvius stands out as a wallflower red (Vaughan); Geisha, golden orange within, scarlet outside. A mixture of New Hybrids (Dreer) vie with each other in rich oriental color combinations. In Coral Queen Zinnia (Fuld) we note an effort to make that otherwise unwieldy annual useful to people with preference for esthetic colors. Dien’s Ruffled Monster Petunias, of enormous size, and in either distinct or the broadest combination of colors is another demonstration of the favorable climatic conditions of the Pacific coast for growing that particular flower. ‘““Where do we go from here boys?’ may we ask when we hear breeders and _ hybridizers talk about Petunias eight inches in diameter, Gladiolus six .feet tall, and when we see plants change their habits in season of bloom. We live in a sane age. The days of the “fakir’’ are gone. And the very fact that flower novelties are so few proves in a degree, that the trade is facing adequately the stern demand of the times. He also Fights who |. 4 ee AE: Zo ez. Kee ~ ‘EAT: FRUIT: AND-SAVE:SUGAR_ CALLING Wells ET US approach the city garden. problem for this year in a sane spirit, planting only those vegetables which experience has taught us will grow under the adverse conditions of soot, poor soil and limited sunlight. As a member of a committee that has been going over the results of last year’s war garden campaign I have seen so much misguided effort that I feel impelled to offer these remarks: Tomatoes, cabbage, lettuce and the roots such as beets and carrots, will thrive in most ‘places, but the yield per foot from corn, peas, and lima beans is too small to be of v alue, and potatoes are hopeless except in well fertilized garden soil that has been worked sev veral times. String and wax beans may prove a success but they are “chancy”’ and subject to blight. The following suggestions may be helpful: A beginner is prodigal in the way he plants and his wastage is great. Let him try sowing three seeds at a time, three inches apart in the row. Manure 1s of course the best all around fertilizer, but it is often impos- sible for the city dweller to procure, and he should know that a certain amount of commercial fertilizer may be used. He should never plant to have more of a crop than can be used at its best. Four to six feet of lettuce planted every week will be far better than ten feet planted all at once. Let him have no fear of short lengths of a variety, even if the rows look broken, if he remembers to keep the tall growers at the back. If his ground is low, let him dig a trench around his garden and through the middle to drain it, otherwise some rainy day he will find his cherished seeds or little plants afloat. ' THE PATRIOTIC GARDEN FOOD F-O-B THE KIfGHENsyOOrR mW ce a Fighter Fight | § CNET RR TTS Aad verde ioe BY BE: BEV RRL SETS ED: ha Hits CLASS OF 1918 If he plants spinach, it is the most successful dried vegetable there is. His green tomatoes should be brought into a cool cellar at signs of an early frost, and each one wrapped separately in oiled paper. His cabbages will be greatly improved if dug two or three days before they are to be used, and left turned upside down on the ground with their roots exposed to the air. All old vines should be dug in to enrich the soil, and a little place kept for a compost heap of leaves, lawn clippings, the outside leaves of lettuce and cabbage, and the whole lightly covered with soil to pre- vent an unsightly appearance. Another matter to which the attention of the GarpEN MacazinE readers should be called is the preparation of vegetables for market. The consumer has come to demand that all root vegetables shall be washed, asparagus cut in equal lengths and tied in bunches, lima beans shelled, and apples polished. This requires an enormous amount of labor, which might be released for more important work, and in no case would the buyer suffer. he roots have to be washed again before cooking, there is waste in cutting the stalks of asparagus to make them even, lima beans keep better in the pods, and the light fuzz on the apple is its natural protection. Stalls in the markets might advertise their goods as a trifle cheaper when prepared in the latter way. The question of labor on all farms is so serious that every possible aid should be given the farmer in simplifying his work, that he may keep up production to the nth power. Cleveland, O. Kate B..Burton. A War-Time Garden ANNA M. BURKE BASING PLANS FOR THE 1918 GARDEN ON THE MEASURED RESULTS OF A SUCCESSFUL EFFORT LAST YEAR PLOT of land 50x60 ft., and a family of three to provide for! These were the conditions that faced us in the spring of 1917, after a winter in which the prices of ordinary food- stuffs had soared to almost prohibitive heights. Our problem was to plan a garden that, with succession and companion crops, would pro- duce all the vegetables needed through the summer, and as large a part as possible of our winter supply. We succeeded fairly well in accomplishing our purpose and have better plans for the present year. From the first of May the garden supplied us with fresh vegetables for the table, and we sterilized 76 pints for winter use. We did not succeed in raising enough potatoes, turnips or onions to last through the winter, and had to supplement our supplies. "THE accompanying plans show the garden as finally planned and planted last year, with the revised scheme for 1918. While the plan practically explains itself, a few words may be said about some of the combinations. HE early cabbage was started in a small _ frame near the house and transplanted about April 15th, radish seed being planted between them. As each head was cut a small lettuce plant, also started in the frame, was slipped into the vacant spot. No special part of a garden need be reserved for radish or lettuce, as they may be planted in the row with slower maturing vegetables. We wish to register again our satisfaction with the radish Icicle. We have used it from early spring to late autumn, pulling some Novem- ber 15th from the open garden, and have found it crisp at all times. THE first row of beets was planted about the middle of April, thinned out for greens about May 15th, when a few seeds of summer squash were planted at intervals be- tween the little plants. As the squash grew the beets were pulled to make room for them. We prefer to pull all beets when about 2 inches in diameter, canning by the cold-pack method those not needed for the table. They have a much better flavor than when allowed to grow large, ard require less time for cooking. 76 The second row of beets and the two rows of carrots were planted the last of April, and in the space between them the lima beans were sowed June 1st, Henderson’s Bush lima being the variety chosen.’ The beets and car- rots were out of the way by the time the beans needed the entire space. FOR several years peas and tomatoes have - been a favorite combination in our gar- den. The peas are planted as early as. weather conditions permit, leaving a_space of 4 feet between the double rows. In the middle of this space lettuce plants are set, and about May 15th tomato plants are set between the lettuce. Low growing varieties of peas are selected, supporting them on brush, and they are followed by some late crop. In 1917 the early peas gave way to late endive, while the late peas were followed by Chinese cabbage, which latter failed to head, although the summer before it produced good heads. NION sets and peppers are another standard combination. The onions are planted early, leaving spaces for the pepper MarcH#, 1918 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE 77 plants every two feet. These go in about June 1st. The onions are ready to pull by the time the peppers begin to branch. Kohlrabi may be planted very early, it matures quickly and is more delicate in flavor than either turnip or cabbage. Moreover, it will produce a'crop on land which causes cab- bage and turnip to form club-roots. By plant- ing at intervals of a few weeks we intend to have it throughout the season in 1918. Witloof chicory is sowed in early summer and the roots are dug after frost has killed the tops. They are then packed in boxes of earth and set in a warm cellar, In a short time they send up crisp, white shoots, which provide a delicious salad throughout the winter. LTHOUGH we realized that it was not a time to try out new things, we had read so many commendations of the edible- podded pea that we decided to try a packet. The seeds were small and brown, but the growth was amazing. ‘The vines soon reached the top of the 3 ft. brush and proceeded to grow another 3 feet, draping themselves down the sides of the brush. The lavender and purple blossoms, borne in pairs on long stems, resembled Sweet Peas, but lacked fragrance. The yield was enormous, but we found the pods insipid in flavor, inferior to either peas or string beans. Moreover, if not picked daily they grew too stringy for use. The vines were soon consigned to the compost heap and wax beans planted in their place. Burpee’s Brittle Wax bean proved excellent. It was very early, the attractive pods were borne freely, showed no trace of strings and were free from rust. By covering them at night, we gathered beans late in October from our last planting. HE combination of dwarf corn and bush beans continues to prove successful. The rows may be planted as close together as 18-inches, although 2 feet is better. The beans do not object to the slight shade cast by the low-growing corn, while their thick foliage keeps the ground cool and conserves the moisture so needed by the thirsty roots of the corn. We tried to hasten the maturity of both corn and beans by planting a short row of each about April 2oth, setting boards on either side of the row and laying sheets of glass on top. This did not warm the ground sufficiently, however, to effect any gain, and seed planted in adjoining rows two weeks later matured at the same time. About July 1st a few seeds of Delicata squash were planted here and there in alternate rows of corn, the vines occupying the ground after the corn and beans had matured. These squashes escaped the attacks of the borers, which destroyed the hills of Hubbard squash planted in odd corners about the place. WE HAD heretofore confined our potato crop to a few rows of extra-early ones, because our soil—heavy, clayey loam, in spite of yearly additions of sand, sifted coal ashes, leaf mould and compost—is not suited to root crops. Nevertheless, with the high price of potatoes through the winter and spring vivid in our mind, we decided to see what could be done in the way of a winter crop. Three pecks of Green Mountain pota- toes were planted in eight rows. From this area we dug in all six bushels of potatoes, the harvest beginning August 1st. Hereafter we shall try to secure land elsewhere for potatoes and use our present garden plot for crops to which the land is more suited. We shall con- tinue to plant a few rows of extra-early pota- toes, planning to have them ripen about July 4th. For this purpose we shall use Irish Cobbler, which we have used successfully in other years for an early crop. Many of our friends have had remarkable yields of late potatoes from Gold Coin. A$ IT seemed wise to plant as many beans as possible to dry for winter use, they were used as a companion crop with the potatoes, planting the seed after the potatoes had received their final hoeing. Unfortu- nately, the summer of 1917 was so wet that the potato stalks grew unusually tall, while the dwarf beans developed a decided tendency to run, so that each encroached somewhat on the other’s territory. This did not seem to affect the Yellow-eye beans, but the Dwarf Horticultural showed some rust, which we attributed to this crowded condition. In the plan for our 1918 garden corn is used as a com- panion crop for potatoes, this having proved satisfactory in the past. We shall also plant more Yellow-eye beans. Although listed as a bush bean, it requires support (old pea brush is good), but the yield is great and the pods seem free from rust. HE Japanese Climbing cucumber can be recommended for the small garden. It yields well and the quality is excellent. The Tall Scotch kale has been left outside for use during the winter, and the parsnips will be left in the ground until spring; wher fresh vegetables will be appreciated. After the middle of August, winter rye was sowed in every cleared spot in the garden, so that by the middle of September the greater part of the plot resembled a lawn, covered with blades of bright green. The rye made a good growth during the fall, and will be dug DIS TANCE, FROM DISTANCE BETWEEN ROWG EDCE OF eRe DISTANCE BETWEEN ROWS 2 ¥ Be 2 TURNIP LATE RADISH——BEETS & SUMMER SQUASH 2 2° EARLY POTATOES———— LATE, CABBAGE = 7RADISH EARLY CABBAGE retiower sy LETTUCE AD eae eee aA Ten CORN ECs aime trine pst UL IE RING sine Sten ae 5. ; CARROTS 5 S§ EARLY POTATOES————— RUTABAGA: : iain aiaeiee i = SS SSSHUIA, SIAL ses SS SSS SSSA SoSsas SSS eS esses Stila, COIN) SS esos eS SSS eSntss Pe BEETS S| ES EARLY POTATOES RUTABAGA: Ai "SoS DP pate Ray eee en hse | igy 10! KOHL RABI ———-—_ LATE, BUSH BEAN WE LE 15 TURNIP LATE ENDIVE - ; EARLY PEAS LATE ENDIVE, 2S 15! EARLY CARROTS ——- DW HORT BEAN et g----------------TOMATOES LETTUCE --------------| ©) }--------------------- EARLY CORN (HILLS)------------J-- 16" EARLY BEETS AND SUMMER SQUASH : LATE, PEAS CHINESE, CABBAGER=== 4 /65 i 15 iS. ee Ss RANG: GIGS yg '75| ENDIVE, DW: HORT. BEAN, EARLY CABBAGE & LETTUCE} ONION SETS CORN 19.519 ONION SETS RES aE A RAS) eee Niot ———jAND PEPPERS WAX BEANS 2! 23 “Taap PE KOHL - RABI 1S 22 IEA YELLOW EY ue + ONIONS CORN 22.5 EYE BEANS Ts 15 ENDIVE WAX BEANS CLE Ce 15’ 7ZKOHLRABIt WITLOOF CHICORY CORN 255°? | CNION) 15" or PARSNIP DW. HORT. BEANS 21 26 BRP 15" ZEDIBLE. FODPEA LATE BEANS——— CORN SQUASH: ES 2° 5. POTATOES 50° 50'| | ————EARLY PEAS €& WITLOOF CHICORY mer. fia aed gtr sae OE Pe cere OTIATOLS EARLY LETTUCE - - ----4- 0 eee eee YELLOW EYE BEANG---- ------------ OF] | LATE PEAS & KOHL RABI a ss POTATOES 36 56 > PARSNIPS 5 &-----DW. HORTICULTURAL BEANS-------------- ’ i ope POTATOES Sah Spe REE a Ls EUOUA I ey