THE

GARDEN MAGAZINE

Devoted to Planting and Managing the Grounds About the Home
and to the Cultivation of Fruits, Vegetables, and Flowers

Volume XXXIII
March to xVugust, 1921

GARDEN CITY NEW YORK

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

1921

/\(y

.A tin

Vo I • 33-3*/

INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Volume XXXIII — March to August, 1921

Copyrighted, 1921, by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.

An asterisk (*) signifies that the article is illustrated

Abbey, John D., article by. 131
Abies concolor, 128*

Adams. H. S., articles, by, 133*. 201
Allegracronk, Miss, article by, 64
Allen, Merritt, article by, 134*
Amaryllis, Pure White, 190*

Among Our Garden Neighbors, 47,
129. 200, 263*, 330*, 382*

Anderson, Rose B., article by, 115
Annual Border, All-, 114*

Annuals, Handy Crutch for, 330
Appletree Garden, Old, 16*

Arborvitae for Hedges and Screens,
124*

Arch, Rose-covered, 233*

Amy, A. C., article by, 247*
Artichoke? Globe. Why Not Grow, 132
Azalea Schilippenbachii, 41*

.Azaleas, Kurume, 268*

Bachrach, photograph by, 235*

Bade, Dr. E., photographs supplied
by, 360*

Barron, Leonard, article by, 378;
article and photographs by, 383*;
photographs by, 98*, 192*

Bastin, S. L., photograph by, 30*;
article and sketches by, 212*; article
and photograph by, 282*

Beals, Jessie Tarbox. photographs by,
241*, 242*, 251*, 252*

Beans That Don’t Blight. 262*
Begonia. Novel Way to Treat. 50
Bellflowers Once More, Defending,
203

Pennett, H. C.. article by 202, 332
Perries According to Tour Needs, 36
Beetle, Combating the Flea-, 34*
Billboard Nuisance, 134
Bird; Our Allies, 201
Birdbaths, 189*
bordered by Iris, 239*
in the Border, 3 s*

Fishop, R. F., article by, 384
Bittersweet Improves with Age, 130
Blues that Cheer, Delohiniums, 47*
Border, All-annual, 114*

Planting of Evergreens, 191*

Shady, 20*

Poston’s Flower Fete, 268*
hotsford, A. H., article by, 48, 131,
201, 331

Bowman, Agnes, article by, 240*

Box, Window, 190*

Brader, Wrought-Iron. 241*

Breeding New Plants. 372*

Brown, Heraert, May Cover De im
by

Brown, L. G., article by. 54*
Browning, O. F., photographs by, 26a*
261 *

Pud ling Steo by Steo. 42* •

Eu! as. Beautiful -looms from Blasted,
33^

How the Gladiolus Increases, 29*
In:rea ing Number of Your, 212*
Burkholder, C. L., article and photo-
graph by, 198*

C A. G.. article by, 264
C 1 eolaria. Herbaceous, 268*
t ' lifornia Reminder, 64, 206, 334
Camassia, 313*

C impanula isophylla. White, 49*

C impbell, Irma B., article by, 132

Carbone, Inc., photographs supplied
by, 171*, 172*

Chamberlain, John W., article by, 30,

13 1

Chicory. Whitloof. in Winter, 134
Children’s Gardens, 2S4
Chintzes and Cretonnes of Garden
Design. 240*

Citrus trifoliata, 44*

City Gardens Club, Exhibit by, 386*
Clematis paniculata, 99*

Clements, Nellie, article by, 384
Cloister, Garden, 295*, 326*

Club. How to Start a Garden, 100
Lectures Available for Garden, 385
Colby, A. S., article by, 266
Coley, G. E. A., article by. 82
Collins, J. L., article and photographs
by. 372*

Color Charts for Gardeners, 185
Coreopsis, Easily Grown, 280*

Com, Earliness of Early Malcom, 130
Quality in Sweet- , 344
Cosmos, Doubleness of Double, 49
Cotoneasterracemiflora soongarica, 38*
Cover Design, March, Magnolia, by
Ledger Art Sendee; April. Spring,
by Warren Keith; Ma}f, Wisteria,
by Herbert Brown; June, Iris, by
Fred G. Mories; July, Parrot and
Phlox, by Lynn Bogue Hunt;
August. Wood-ducks and Japanese
Iris, by Lynn Bogue Hunt
Cowperthwaite, W. T.. article by 31*
Crabapple. Japanese Flowering, 9S*
Crataegus Barryana, 102*
crus-galli, 105*
durobrovensis, 104*
gloriosa, 106*
macrantha, 103*

Cretonnes and Chintzes of Garden
Design. 240*

Cromwell, Elizabeth S., article by,
130, 33 1

Culin, Mira B., article and photograph

by, 331*

Cunningham, Mary P., article and
plans by, 16*

Cu hman, A. T., article by, 330
Cut Flower Garden, An Ideal. 116*
Cut-Worms, A Word About, 50
Cymbidium Paulwelsi, 190*

Cypre-s Trees of Pebble Beach. Cali-
fornia, 368*

Dairies, Shasta, as a Superb Border,

131*

Daniels, Mark, article, and photo-
graphs supplied by, 364*

Darling, Charles, photographs by,
17*, 19*, 20*

Dasheen. Double Serviceable, 272*
Davis, Florence Boyce, article by, 201
Dean, Mrs. J., portrait of, 233*
photograph by, 257*

Ddan. Ruth, article and photographs
supplied by, 309*

Deehan, James J.. article by, 48, 49
Delphinium belladonna, 112*
in California, 331*

Moerheimei. no?

Why I Grow, 109*

Delphiniums, 47*

Doan, John L., article and drawing by,
40*

Dode>'"theon Meadia, 315*

Du. toll, Louise, poems by, 112, 306
Dunbar. John, article and photograph
by. 102*

Dun.: n. Frances, article by, 100
Dur.lea, Dorothea D., article by, 286

Easter Lilies in the Hardy Garden,
107*

Egan, William Constantine, 129*
Eldredge, Arthur G., article and photo-
graphs by, 314*; photographs by,
97* 123*, 169*, 192*

Elm, English, 122*

Elwood, Mrs. C. R., photograph sup-
plied by. 353*

Enkianthus campanulatus 40*

Evans, John, Personal Recollections of,
33i

Evergreen Effects, Favorites for, 361*
Garden at Garden City, Our, 194*
Hedges and Screens, 124*

Pictorial Relief in Border Planting
and Bedding, Dwarf, 191*
Planting. Dwarf. 167*

Evonymus as a Substitute for Ivy, 202
Fales, Agnes, article by, 134
Fairies, W. R., article by, 130
Farr, Eertrand H., portrait of, 235*
Farrington E. 1., article by, 131, 202;

article and photographs by, 38*, 49*
Feed Plants, Best Way to, 282*
Fellowcraft Photo. Shop, photograph
by, 310*

Fertilization, Self-, 373*

Fertilizing Plants, 282*

Fish in the Lily Pool, If You Keep
357*

Live-bearing Tooth-carp, 360*

Pearl Roach, 360*

Veil-tail Gold-. 360*

Flower Arrangement, 249*

Grow a Community, 280*

July Garden. 296*

Native Prairie. 314*

Pots and Stands, 172*

Show, Boston’s, 268*; New York,
187*

Vase, Karmcny of, 249*

Foreman, A. W., article by, 130, 331
Foundation Planting, 232*

Fountains, Wall, 171*, 172*, 381*
Fowler, Clarence, Foundation Plant-
ing by, 332*; photographs supplied
by, 232*, 301*

Fraley, F. M., photograph by, 368*
France, Gardens of, 320*

Fruit Trees Bear Earlier, Making, 384
Planting, 181*

Fryer, Willis E., article by, 202
portrait of, 235*

Furniture, Garden, 302*, 304*

Garden Building, Joys of, 332
Castle, in France, 322*

Children’s, 284
City, 386*

“Jones’ Wood,” 380*

Limitation and Opportunity of, 378
Plans for, 379*

Planting Lists for, 380
Visited, City, 378
Club, Just How to Start a, 100
Cut Flower, 116*

Distinction, 82

of Fran'e, 320*

Furniture, 304*

Its Uses and Abuses, 302*

Hou.e at Deauville, 324*

Indoors and Out,

I. The Garden and the Sun
Porch, 170*

II. Garden and the Living

Room, 240*

III. Country Garden, 309*
Japanese, 4,* 45*

Pennsylvania, 386
Problems Answered, 264
That Puzzle, 264
Rock, 370*

Secluded, 298*

Garekol, Samuel H., article by, 134
Garnett, Louise Ayres, poem by, 245
Gateway, 17*

Treatment, 327*

George, David S., article by, 284
Gibson. Henry, article by, 50, 1-3,3, 1 35

244*

Gillies, John W , photograph by, 13*
Gladiolus, Eest Twelve, 202
Cut Flower, 134
Decoration, 29* 4

Display, 14*

Fancier, Personal Preferences of a,

27*

Increases, How the, 29*

Mass Planting, 27*

Raising New, 28*

Slackers In, 131

Goodwin. Mrs. Wm. B., article by, 132
Grape Growing, Help Wanted In, 130
Pruning, 51, 264, 332
Graves, N. R., phogographs by, 102*.

103*, 104*, 197*, 234*, 239*, 244*,
^299*. 302*, 204*, 308*

Great Divide, The, 366*

Green Symbols, 364*

Greenhouse Properly Placed, 265*
Griff.ths, David, article and photo-
graph by, 107*

Giow in a Cold Climate? What Will, 49

Hale, M. E., article by, 203
Hardy Hants, Successful Planting, 31*
Harmony of Flower and Vase, 249*
Harry, Scott G., article by, 202
Han hberger, John W.. articles by, 44*,
120*, 195*, 255*, 326*, 374*, 386;
photographs by, 44*, 195*

Hartill. L. R., article by, 36
Hatfield. T. D., article by, 23*
Hatfield, William H., article by, 134
Hawthorns, Native, for our Gardens,
102*

Haynes Photo Co., photograph by,
366*

Heather Garden at Oyster Bay, 263*
Hedges, Evergreens for, 124*

Hemlock for Hedges and Screens, 1 24*
Hendrickson, I. S., article by, 27*
Hewitt, Mattie E., photograph by,
15*, 99*, 124*, 127*, 128*, 167*, 171*
172*, 173*, 193*, 237*, 250*, 295*,
296*, 358*, 359*, 380*, 381*
Ileywood, Mrs. George A., article by,
138*

Holders, Flower, 249*

Holly Tree, 232*

Holm & Olson, Inc., photographs sup-
plied by, 31*, 32*, 33*, 34*

INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Houseleek Tower in Full Bloom, 259*
Howard, R. F., article by, 47
Hubbell, Lucy Embury, article by,
378*; drawing by, 246
Hunt, Lynn B., cover design for July;

cover design for August
Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora,

138*

Ilex opaca, 232*

Iris Along Paths, 236*, 237*, 247*
Bulleyana, 258*

California Garden and, 257*
Combining Columbine with, 385
Display of, 253*

Hedge, 385

How to Know Your, 247*

Japanese, August Cover
monspur, 258*
in Naturalistic Setting, 231*
Planting, 363

Planting plan for garden of, 234*
Society Meets, 384
spuria, 258*
unguicularis, 257*

What America Has Done for the,

234*

Issenhuth, W., article by, 49
Ivy, Boston, Uses of, 199*

Jar, Grain, Old Italian, 328*

Jones, D. F., arti:le by, 344
“Jones’ Wood,” City Gardens, 380*
Justice-Simkins, decoration sketches
by, 173, 181, 245

Kalmia from Carolina, Giant, 202*
Kay, Lidda, article and photograph
by, 266*

Keith, Warren, cover design by, April
Kepner, Florence, photographs by,
370*, 371*

Kift, Jane Leslie, article by, 280*
Koch, Felix J., article and photograph
by, 132*

Kraus, Inc., photographs supplied by
171*, 172*

Kruhm, Adolph, article by, 33, 113,
197, 262*, 267, 312, 384
Label Ingenious Plant, 134*
Lace-flower and Gladiolus, 204
Landscape Planting, Suburban, 175*
Lantern, Garden, 233*

Lawn, Keeping Green the, 115
View of, 255*

Lawson E. P., article by, 384
Layton, Mrs. M., article by, 48
Lectures Available for Garden Club
Use, 383

Ledger Art Service, cover design
for March

Lemoine, Emile, portrait of, 383*
Lettuce, Butter Head, 113*

Crisp Head, 113*

“Head?”, Why Don’t My, 113*
Loose Leaf, 113*

Levick. Edwin photographs by, 187*,
188*, 189*, 190*, 386*

Life, Animal, in the Garden, 351*
Lilies for August Planting, 385*
Easter, in the Hardy Garden, 107*
Madonna, 333* Indoors, 201
Lilium canadense in a Garden, 131;
candidum, 353*

Lincoln, E. H., photograph by, 353*
I.iriodendron tulioifera, 122*

Little, Mrs. Walter S., article by, 385
Lloyd, J. W., article by, 246*

Lonicera Maackii podocarpa, 40*
“Lost Gardens,” 1 12 — ,

Lychnis in Pale Colors, 331

Malus floribunda, 98*

McFarland, J. Horace, article by. 267
McFarland Co., J. Plorace, photo-
graphs by, 14*, 27*, 168*, 180*, 247*
Melons, Water, Hundred Pound, 264
Mertensia virgini-a, 315*

Mice, War with Meadow, 201
Mirror, Lattice-framed for the Sun
Porch, 173*

Mitchell, Sydney, B., article by, 257*

Month’s Reminder, The, 31, 135, 203,
269, 333. 387

Mories, Fred G., Cover Design, June
Morrison, B. Y., photographs by, 236*
238*, 258*

Morse, Norman K., article, plan, and
photographs by, 369*

Mottoes for Sun-dials, 318*

Moulton, R. H., article by, 30*
Muskmelon Vines?, Why “Nip,” 246*

Narcissus odorata alba plena flowering
poorly, 130

Nichols, John T., article by, 337*
North Central Region, Successful
Planting in the, 31*

Northend, Mary H., photograph by,
199*. 3°5*. 3l8*, 319*

Norton, Harry A., article and photo-
graph by, 307*

Novelties, Where to Buy, 134

Oil-jar as Garden Decoration, 305*
O’Kane, Walter Collins, article and
photographs by, 181*

Old-fashioned Flowers, Wanted, 48
Garden Planting, 16*

Old Gardens of Pennsylvania,

V. Fairmount Park, 44*

VI. The Woodlands, 120*

VII. John Evans Arboretum-, 193*

VIII. Awbury Arboretum, 235*

IX. Arboretum at Aldie, 326*

X. Compton Arboretum, 374*
Olmsted Brothers, Heather Garden by,
263*

Open Column, The, 47*, 130*, 201*,
264*, 330*, 384*

Orchard from a City Desk, Building
an, 181*

Outdoor Living Room, 293*, 299*

Palm Canyon, California, 367*
Papaver orientale, 133*

Patchwork, a poem, 243
Path, Garden, 17*, 20*, 132*, 301*
Peas, Best for Indiana, 384
Let Us Have, 267
We Will Have, 267
Peony Marie Jacquin, 308*

Show at Boston, 382
Peonies, the best, 382

Personal Preferences in, 307*
in Profusion, 169*

Pergola, Vine-covered, 13*
Philadeiphus splendens, 39*

Phlox amoena, 179
argillacea, 179
divaricata, 179, 317*

Douglasii, 179
Dwarf, 179

Hardy, in Late July, 131*

July Cover
multiflora, 179
ovata, 179
pilosa, 179
Stellaria, 179
stolonifera, 179
Woodland, 317*

Picea excelsa Maxwelli, 193*

Pictorial News Co. , photograph by, 23 2*
Pindar, Amer, poem by, 167
Pine, Oliver Wendell Holmes, 352*
Red, 377*

Pinus densiflora, 377*
montana Mughus, 192*
strobus, 352*

Plans for City Gardens, 379*

Display of Irises, 254*

Plant Briefs, 179
Planting in August, 363*

Lists for City Gardens, 380*
Old-fashioned Effect, 16*
and Transplanting, 21*

Plants for the Porch, 244*

Imbred and Cross-bred, 372*
Making New, 372*

Wanted, 132

Pleas, Mrs., We Hear From, 132;
article by, 332

Poncirus or Citrus trifoliata, 44*

Pool, Garden, 13*, 193*, 331*, 375*

Marginal Planting, for, 358*
Planting in Nature’s Manner, 354*
and Rockery of Mrs. Louis S. Levy,
370*

Poppy Field? Why Not a, 133*
Oriental, 133*

Porch Furnishings, 286
Plants for the, 244*

Potato Bug, Shaking the, 384
Irish, Two Crops of, in one season,

144*

Potting Explained, 30*

Preserves from the Vegetable Garden,
131*

Prior, P. B., article by, 30*

Pruning from the Other End, 48
Purdy, Carl, portrait of, 238*

Pyrus ioensis, 316*

Radishes That Don’t Get Pithy, 197*
Raspberries, Ashes on Your, 202
Pruning St. Regis, 30
St. Regis, Saving the, 266
Rathbone, Alice, article and photo-
graph by, 259*

Rea, John L., article and photographs
by,_ 109*

article and plans by, 298*
Reminder, California, 64, 206, 334
The Month’s, 51, 133, 203, 269, 333,

387 .

Retaining Walls, Vine-covered, 32*
Rhododendron in Masses, 177*
maximum, 168*

Naturalesque Planting of, 97*

Pink Pearl, 268*

Richardson, H. H., article by, 202*
Roosevelt, Mrs. J. West, article by,

385

Rose, Col. Roosevelt’s Favorite, 130
Distribution of New, 386
Dorothy Perkins, 233*
in France, 321*

Golden Ophelia, 190*

New Type of, 49*

Prairie, 316*
setigera, 316*

Society American, 340
Winter Protection of, 134
Roses, Dr. Van Fleet’s new, 216
Ruark, A. A., photograph by, 258*
Rudbeckia hirta in profusion, 297*
Rustic and Suburban Motifs in Land-
scape Planting, 175*

Rutledge, A., article by, 51
Rutner, Mary, article by, 49, 130

Saintpaulia ionantha, 268*

Salisbury, Jeannie S., article and
photograph by, 47*

Sanger, Prentice, Landscape by, 265*
Saxon, Mrs. Theodore, article by, 134
Saxton, Maud C., article by, 330
Schlichting, H. C., decorative tail-
piece by, 332*

Scilla and Chionodoxa Seedlings, 47
Screens, Chinese Pattern, 242*
Evergreens for, 1 24*

Planting for Quick Effect, 369*
Sears, Thomas W., photographs by,
176*, 177*, 178*

Seashore Garden, 311*

Seat, Sheltered Garden, 13*

Secluded Garden, 298*

Sedums and Sempervivums, 260*

Seed Order for a Half Acre Vegetable
Garden, An Ideal, 33
Sempervivum Fauconneti Mettenir.n-
um, 260*

Sempervivums and Sedums, 259*
Sessions, Kate O., article and photo-
graph by, 49*

Seymour, E. L. D., article by, 152, 264
Sharpe, Mrs. Walter King, photo-
graphs by, 13 1*

Shore, Olive, article by, 385
Show, Boston’s Flower, 268*

New York Flower, 187*

Showell, J. G., photograph by, 184*
Shrubs for California Gardens, Two
Valuable, 288
What’s New In, 38*

Silphium lacinatium, 314*

Skiff, Mrs. Cornelius B., article and
photograph by, 267*

Slug, After the Ungodly, 132
Small Fruits, Comparison of, 36
Smith, Mrs. Donald, article by, 330
Smith, J. M., article by, 152*, 264
Snow in Blossom Time, 266*

Speaking of Winter, 312
Spraying Fruits, 264,

Spruce, specimen, 362*

White, for Hedges and' Screens,
124*

Stadler Co., photograph by, 252*
Stapleton, Leila B., article and photo-
graph by, 204*; article by, 288
Steed, Thomas J., article by, 216
Steele, Asa, article and photographs
by, 320*

Steele, Fletcher, article by, 183
Stephen, A. L., article by, 134
Stiles, E. C., article, plans, and draw-
ings by, 302*

Stoddard, Geo. Oakes, photographs
by, 23*, 24*, 25*, 26*, 268*
Sturtevant, Grace, portrait of, 235*
article by, 386

Sturtevant, R. S., photograph supplied
by, 231*

Summer Garden, poem, 306
house, 302*

Sun-dials for the Garden, 318*
Mottoes for, 318*

Sun Porches, 171*, 172*, 173*
Supports, Ash Shoots as, 131
Swetnam, Flora, article by, 50
Sweet-peas that are Favored, 382
Sweet William, Wild, 317*

Synder, Elizabeth J., article by,
330

Taxus cuspidata brevifolia, 23*, 26*
cuspidata brevifolia for Hedges, 1 26*
cuspidata capitata, 24*, 23*
cuspidata Siebioldi, 26*

Taylor, A. D., article and plan by, 21*;
plan and photographs supplied by,
116*

Tea-house in the Garden, 303*
Team-work in the Vegetable Garden,
49

“The Garden, a Place of Worship?”

64

Theiss, Lewis E., article by, 130
Thomson, Edna, article by, 30
Three Pioneers, 156
Tigridia Bulbs Cannot be Had, 50
Tillotson, H. S., article, drawing, and
photograph by, 28*; article and
photograph by, 272*

Tomatoes, Growing Very Early, 216
Townsend, Dr. E. H., photograph
supplied by, 360*

Transplanting and Planting, Practi-
cal, 21*

Tree, Remarkable Twin, 50*

Trees, Spirit of the, 364*

Troth, Henry, photograph by, 103*
Truffaut, Georges, photographs by,
321*, 323*, 324*, 325*

Tulip Bulbs, success With Small, 331
Collection in New York Botanical
Garden, 200

Trials, Largest, 322, 386
Tree, 122*

Tyrell, Mary B., article by, 383

Vase, Harmony of Flower and, 249*
Vegetable Garden, Aesthetic Feeling
in the, 130

Team-work in the, 49
Small, and Big Return, 181*
Preparing for Winter, 312
Veitch, Emma Cowles, article by, 130
Viburnum Sargenti, 39*

Vines for Dwellings, 198*

Pergola, Two, 201
Violets Bloom, Making the, 133
African, (Saintpaulia,) 268*

White, 48, 203*, 330
Virginia Creeper, 198*

Vistas, Garden, 376*

INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE

Walk Bordered with Iris, 247*

Cedar Arbored, 327*

Wallis, E. J-, photograph by, 260*
Wallpapers in Garden Design. 240*
Waterfall and Rockery, 370*

Water Garden at Aldie, 328*

Walters, Claudia, article by, 204
Weston, T. A., article by, 130
Wheelwright, Robert, article by, 175*;
article and photographs by, 354*

Whitman, Roger B., photographs by,
44*, 46*, 121*, 122*, iQ2*, 194*, 196*
25S*> 256*, 326*, 327*, 328*, 329*,
370*, 371*. 375*. 376*. 377*

Wickware, Margery Sill, article and
drawings by, 170*

Wild, Henry, article by, 124*, 191*
361*

Wilder, Louise B., article by, 179;
article and plan by, 114*, 253*

Williamson, E. B., portrait of, 238*
Willis, Fay, article by, 131*

Wilson, E. II., photograph by, 24*
Window Box for a City House, 190*
Winsor, E. W.. article by, 132
Wister, John C., article by, 234*
Wisteria from Seed, 204*

Japanese and Chinese, 174
Japanese, May Cover Design
Tree, In a City Yard, 267*

“With Mother Goose in the Garden."
15?

Wolfe, John W., article by, 132
Word of Appreciation, 132

Yews, English, 25*
from Seed, Raising, 23*

Irish, 25*

Japanese, 24*

Zanderbergen Brothers, article by, 386

MAGAZ

Spring

Planting

Manual

March 1921

Price 25 cents

VOL. XXXIII. No. I.

ddojtbleday, T'age (Company , - (Jar den Ci^y^ djelv Yorbx

Judge Marcan

The Season’s Event in American Horticulture

Judge J. T. Marean’s famous Daklias, created by kim at kis private estate, “Daybreak,” Green’s
Farms, Conn., ha\>e been tke sensation at tke Daklia Shows of tke past five years.

Exkibited in 1917, 1918 and 1919, tke;? received First Prize in every class entered; in 1920 the})
were awarded a Special Gold Medal, exkibited out of competition.

Tke finest of kis recent creations are accurately described in an unusual catalogue, containing
tkree life size color reproductions, illustrated witk pkotograpks of tke Judge’s private gardens;
tkis book v?ill be mailed by insured parcel post, v?itkout charge, to Daklia connoisseurs.

JOHN SCHEEPERS, Inc., 522 Fiftk A^e., NevJ York Cit;p

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

1

GLADIOLI-

MORE THAN ONE MILLION BULBS GROWN IN 1920

VAN BOURGONDIEN BROS. BABYLON, L. I, N. Y.

Primulinus Hybrids

Our stock of these Gladioli, that are growing so rapidly in popular favor, are second to none. In fact we believe
we can say with a feeling of pride, that we have the best stock of Primulinus Hybrids in America.

A t uoz. IOO

ANNY. Bronze $2.00 $15.00

FIRE QUEEN. Red 2.00 15.00

JANE. Soft salmon yellow 2.00 15.00

JAUNE D’OEUF. Salmon, bronze tinged 2.00 15.00

LEMON PILLAR. Soft citron yellow 2.00 15.00

LUTEA PALLIDA. Bright deep yellow . 2.00 15.00

3 Bulbs each of the above 12 named varieties ( 36 Bulbs) $ 6.00
6 Bulbs each of the above 12 named varieties ( 72 Bulbs) 11.00

NELLY. Light yellow $2.00

ORANGE BRILLIANT. Brilliant orange 2.00

PARISIAN YELLOW. Early light yellow 2.00

REINE VICTORIA. Silvery rose 2.00

ROYAL SOVEREIGN. Clear yellow 2.00

TREUB. Soft shade of pink 2.00

12 dUJuS each of the above 12 named varieties (144 Bulbsl $20.00
25 Bulbs each of the above 12 named varieties (300 Bulbs) 40.00

For a number of other leading varieties of Primulinus, see our Catalogue

$15.00

15.00

15.00

15.00

15.00

15.00

5

JANE

From

Grower

to

Consumer

Twelve Large Flowering Gladioli

Do z. ioo

America. Lavender pink $1.00 $7.00

Annie Wigman. Cream yellow,

soft red blotch . . 1.00 7.00

Empress of India. Mahogany red 1.00 7.00

Faust. Wine red 1.00 7.00

Halley. Salmon 1.00 7.00

Hilda. Carmine 1.00 7.00

3 Bulbs each of the above 12 named
varieties ( 36 Bulbs) $ 3.00

6 Bulbs each of the above 12 named
varieties ( 72 Bulbs) 5.50

12 Bulbs each of the above 12 named

varieties (144 Bulbs) 10.00

25 Bulbs each of the above 12 named

varieties ( 300 Bulbs) 21.00

100 Bulbs each of the above 12 named

varieties (1200 Bulbs) 75.00

Doz. ioo

Mrs: Frances King. Coppery red $1.00 $7.00

Niagara. Large yellow 1.25 9.C0

Orange Novelty. Salmon orange. 1.00 7.00
Willy Wigman. Creamy white,

carmine blotch 1.00 7.00

Yeschko. Purple 1.00 7.00

Glory of Holland. Vigorous white 1.00 7.00

A Collection for

the Connoiseur

Baron Jos. Hulot. The most distinct

purple

Electra. Light red, white throat

Etna. Brilliant red

Lily Lehman. Very fine white

Loveliness. Creamy white. Very fine...

Miss Gladys Harkness. Extra white . .

Mrs. Frank Pendleton. Salmon pink,

carmine eye

Panama. Rose-pink

Peace. Large white, crimson eye. Late
Pink Perfection. Exquisite perfect pink.

Very large

Prince of Wales. Extra pink, orange

shade

Schwaben. Yellow, crimson blotch. Im-
mense spike

3 Bulbs each of the above 12 named varieties ( 36)

6 Bulbs each of the above 12 named varieties t 72 i
12 Bulbs each of the above 12 named varieties ( 144)

25 Bulbs each of the above 12 named varieties ( 300)

100 Bulbs each of the above 12 named varieties (1200)

Our 1921 Catalog ue

is ready for distribution, and we will be pleased to mail a copy to all Garden
Magazine readers. It gives a complete list of our Spring bulb and plant
offerings, with accurate descriptions of our lists of Dahlias and Gladioli.

GUARANTEE. We guarantee all our bulbs, roots, and plants
to be true to name. We will replace any bulb, root or plant
prepaid, if found otherwise.

$1.50

$10.00

1.25

9.00

1.50

10.00

1.25

9.00

1.50

10.00

1.50

10.00

1.50

12.00

1.50

12.00

1.50

12.00

1.50

12.00

1.25

10.00

1.75

12.00

4.25

8.00

16.00

31.00

120.00

Did you see our Dahlia adv. in
February Garden Magazine?

Van Bourgondien Bros. Babylon, L. I.

Nurseries at HUlegom, Holland, and Babylon, L. I., N. Y

2

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

The Name of Childs

and Gladioli

Nearly forty years ago, when we started in business, appreciation of
the Gladiolus was still in embryo. We believe that the introduction of
Childsi Mammoth Flowering Gladioli did as much as any single factor, to
further Gladiolus popularity. And our faith in Gladioli and perseverance
in constantly improving them is responsible, no doubt, that for the past
twenty-five years now we have been recognized as the

Largest Growers of Gladioli

in the World

The merit of our stocks and varieties has
spread to the uttermost parts of the world.
America alone requires as many as a million of
our bulbs a single season. On our Flowerfield
Estate, we grow several hundred acres of Glad-
ioli every year — enough to provide bulbs for
every Garden Home in America.

We Specialize in the Newer, Rarer
Kinds, as well as Primulinus Hybrids,
and suggest these for Trial: —

New Ruffled Gladioli

This new class of Gladioli have beautifully
' u filed and fluted petals, large, widely expanded
flowers, and tall, imposing spikes.

Giant White — Pure white with elegant Iris-blue
throat, 35c each.

Kunderdi Glory — Beautiful creamy apricot with
light tint of pink, and fine markings of bright red.
toe each; $1.00 per doz.

Orange Glory— Grand orange colored, with beautiful
lighter throat. 50c each.

Rose Glory— Purest rose-pink color. Fine. 60c. each;
White King— Rich sulphur-white, splendidly ruffled.
15c each; Si. 50 per doz.

White Glory— A gorgeous pure white with beautiful
Iris-blue throat. 40c each.

Youell’s Favorite — Rosy lavender-pink, ruffled.
40c each.

Pride of Goshen — A giant Kunderdi Glory of
a salmon or flesh-pink. Plant tall and
vigorous. 30c each.

Red Glory — (Red Canna) — Most beauti-
ful Canna red. 30c each.

The collection of 9 Ruffled Sorts
for $ 3.00

New Primulinus Hybrids

Flowers of distinct form and possess the
clearest tones and tints of color to be found.
Lemon, primrose, orange, reddish or rusty
browns, bright rose, etc., are shown in the
most bewildering variety. Our New Hybrid
strain is a great improvement over those
first offered, the flowers being much larger,
and placed close on the spikes.

Alice Tiplady - Large fine orange saffron;
flamed red. Brilliant and showy. 30c.
each; $3.00 doz.

Concolor— Fine bright yellow. 20c each;
$2.00 doz.

Golden Gate — Tall, vigorous. Flower
yellow, finely ruffled. 30C.each; $3 00 doz.
Golden Wedding — Fine deep yellow.
Maculata — Deep yellow, large crimson
blotches. 20c each; $2.00 doz.

Salmon Beauty — Deep salmon with rich
saffron and -yellow throat. Very large.
20c. each; S2.00 doz.

Sunbeam— Clear yellow. Strong grower. 20c.
each; $2.00 doz.

1 each of the 7 sorts for $1.35; 3 of
each for $3.50

Mixed Primulinus, All Selected Hybrids
First Size — Alt' selected hybrids, 40c per doz.;
$3.00 per 100.

You'll Enjoy Reading Our
Catalogue

Pages 116-122 offer literally hundreds of the fin-
est Gladioli in cultivation to-day. Then there are
vegetables, flowers and flowering bulbs of all kinds,
to claim your attention, not counting the glorious
new Dahlias, Ferns and Hardy Plants of extraor-
dinary character. Be sure to write for the cata-
logue to-day — a post card will do.

John Lewis Childs, Inc.

Floral Park, New York

MARC H. 1921

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

CONTENTS

COVER DESIGN: DECORATIVE DESIGN Ledger Art Senlce

PAGE

A HOUSE. A POOE DROWSING IN THE SUN 13

Photograph by John Wallace Gillies

GLADIOLUS - - - - - 14

Photograph by the J Horace McFarland Co.

I SEEK THE COOLEST SHELTERED SEAT 15

Photograph by Mattie Edwards Hewitt

A SUCCESSFUL PLANTING FOR "OLD FASHIONED" EFFECT

Mary P Cunningkam 16

Plans by the author
Photographs by Charles Darling

THE PRACTICAL SIDE OF PLANTING AND TRANSPI ANTING

A D. Taylor 21

Diagram by the author

RAISING YEWS FROM SEED AT WELLESLEY - T. D Hatfield 23
Photogiaphs by George Oakes Stoddard, E H Wilson and others

PERSONAL PREFERENCES OF A GLADIOLUS FANCIER

/. 5. Hendrickson 27

Photograph by J Horace McFarland Co.

RAISING NEW GLADIOLUS - - H. S. Tillotson 28

Drawing by the author
Photographs by the author and others

"POTTING” EXPLAINED P. B Prior 30

Photograph by S L Bastin

SUCCESSFUL PLANTING WITH REALLY HARDY PLANTS

IP. T. Ccncperthwaite 31

Photographs supplied by Holm & Olson, Inc.

AN IDEAL SEED ORDER FOR A HALF ACRE VEGETABLE

GARDEN - Adolph Kruhm 35

BERRIES ACCORDING TO YOU R NEEDS - - - L R. Hartill 36

WHAT’S NEW IN SHRUBS E. 1 . Farrington 38

Photographs by the author and Leonard Barron

THE BUDDING STORY STEP BY STEP - - - - John L Doan 42
Drawing by the author

THE OLD GARDENS OF PENNSYLVANIA, V . — FAIR MOL \ T

PARK - -- -- -- -- -- - John H . Harshberger 44
Photographs by the author and Roger R Whitman

AMONG OUR GARDEN NEIGHBORS 47

THE OPEN COLUMN - - - - - 47

Photographs by Jeannie S. Salisbury, Kate O. Sessions, E. I Far-
rington and Robert H. Moulton

THE MONTH'S REMINDER 51

ABOUT PRUNING THE GRAPE VINES A. Rutledge 52

COMBATING THE FLEA BEETLE L.C Brown -,j

CALIFORNIA REMINDER 64

THE CARDEN, A PLACE OF WORSHIP? - - - - Alle grace onk 64
LITTLE GARDENS OF DISTINCTION - - - - G F A . Coley 82

Leonard Barron, Editor
VOLUME XXXIII, No. 1

Subscription S3.00 a Year; for Canada, S3. 35; Foreign S3.65
COPYRIGHT, 1921, BY

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

GARDEN CITY, N. Y.

Chicago: Peoples Gas Bldg. Boston: Tremont Bldg.

Los Angeles: Van Nuys Bldg. New York: 120'W. 32nd St.

F. N. DOUBLEDAY, Pres, dent

ARTHUR Wf, PAGE, S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer

HERBERT S. HOUSTON. RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY,

y icc-Presidents Secretary

Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York,
under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

3

The Climax in Tillage Tools

Thousands of years have made little or no changes in the funda-
mental shape of tillage tools. Pronounced changes have been made
however, in the shape of the cultivator teeth, and the manner in which
both teeth and blades have been placed and are propelled.

You will find in Gilson Garden Tools, that complete balance of
weight which makes your effort available for the thinking part-cultiva-
tion. I he tools themselves do the manual labor part in tip-top fashion.
Regardless of which Gilson Garden Tool you choose to help you in
your coming garden, you will find it the climax to date in perfection in
Tillage Tools.

The Gilson Triplex

I ake the Gilson Rocker Blade, shown above, and the nine-tooth
type of Liberty Cultivator shown opposite, combined with a strong
plow share, all on one easily set and turned pivot axle, and you have
th zGilson Triplex. The handles are adjustable
to different heights, to equally well serve men,
tall or short.

The Gilson blade cuts the Weeds, and pro-
duces a fine dustmulch; the plow share will
open furrows, and break up hard ground; the
Liberty Cultivator is adjustable in width from
5 to 14 inches. Thumbscrews and special
threaded adjusting wheel, make any wrench
superfluous. Made of metal throughout, with
smooth hardwood plow handles for convenient
operation. A Wheel Hoe to last a lifetime.

Price #8.95 — prepaid east of Rocky Mountains,

$11.50 west of Rockies, if your dealer can’t
supply it.

The Gilson Weeder Wheel
Outfit No. 3

brings you a combination of the standard 8
inch Gilson Rocker blade, plus the weeel frame
shown in illustration alongside. The socket of
the Gilson Weeder fits a standard rake handle,
so that the tool is easily converted front a wheel-
hoe into a hand cultivator. Price $3.70.

We aim to have a broad distribution for
Gilson Garden Tools, so

Ask Y our Dealer or Write Us

“Visit our Exhibit at the New York
Flower Show and see the display of samples.”

The Gilson Liberty

Pronounced by practical gardeners to be. the most efficient tool
yet evolved. 1 he shape of the teeth causes them to sink into the soil
without downward pressure on handle. The teeth cut the weeds,
pulverize the soil, and the work is done equally well whether the
Liberty is attached to a handle, as shown above, or to a wheel frame
as illustrated below.

The Gilson Liberty is the most powerful weed destroyer, even in
the hands of children. It comes in 5 tooth, 7 tooth, and 9 tooth sizes
differing only in adjustable width which varies from 4 inches in the
smallest to 14 inches in the largest. The middle tooth is removable
to allow the straddling of rows.

Special Introductory Offer

Our ambition is to make gardening a greater pleasure for Garden
Magazine readers. Here is a combination of Gilson Tools that will
help you to greater garden results with less efforts: —

The Liberty Wheel Cultivator No. 1, as shown alongside . . $3.90

The 5 Inch Gilson Weeder Blade, as shown to left above . . 1.15

The 8 Inch Gilson Weeder Blade, which combined with wheel

frame alongside will give you the Gilson Weeder Wheel Outfit 1 .35

The Liberty 7 tooth Hand Cultivator, as shown to right above 1.45
1 Scratch Weeder and 1 Wonder Dandelion Digger .... 1.40

Total $9.25

If your dealer cannot supply any or all of these, we will ‘ship you
the entire assortment prepaid for $9.00 anywhere in the U. S.
East of the Rockies. $11.50, prepaid, west of the Rockies.

Bigger Crops Through Cultivation”

is the title of our new catalogue, which, besides con-
taining some useful facts on soil tillage, will
introduce to you the complete line of Gil-
son Garden Tools. Please favor us with
your request for a copy. It’s free, of course.

“Visit our Exhibit at the New York
Flower Show and see the display of samples.”

J. E. GILSON COMPANY

Port Washington Wisconsin

4

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

J. E. Caldwell & Co.

JEWELERS-SlLVERSMITHS— STATIONERS

AKE MAKEKS
AND SELLERS OF

Receptacles

for

Flowers

CENTEKPIECES
DECOKATIVE VASES
FEKNEK1ES
EPEKGNES
JARDINIERES

GOLD, SILVER

SHEFFIELD PLATE, CRYSTAL
CHINA, PORCELAIN

PHOTOGKAPHS UPON REQUEST
CORRESPONDENCE INVITED

CHESTNUT AND JUNIPER STREETS
Philadelphia

See the Gillett

|| Wild Flower and Fern Garden

at the

International Flower Show

Grand Central Palace, New York City
March 14th to 20th

We will show you Native Evergreens, Rhododendrons,
jj Mountain Laurels, Azaleas, Andromedas, etc., together with

U Hepaticas, Bloodroots, Columbine, Violets, Lady Slippers,
and many other fascinating children of the Wild.

In the booth adjoining, we shall be glad to answer any
questions and offer suggestions for wild gardening and the
(] establishing of Wild Flower Sanctuaries.

For Those of You Whom We
Cannot Meet Personally —

There is waiting, at either address below, a most
Cl unusual catalogue. If you are fond of wild flowers
and ferns, you will grow fond of this catalogue, which
jjl will introduce to you unsuspected treasures of woodland,
§|I meadow, and bog. Send for your copy to my nearest
address as below and please mention Garden Magazine.

EDWARD GILLETT, Fern and Flower Farm
3 Main St., Southwick, Mass.

HERBERT DURAND

Specialist in Wild Gardening

286 Fifth Avenue
New York
City

5

I

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

May I Introduce to You
A Few of My Favorites
Among Dahlias?

V/ES, I, too, have favorites, although
A not in the sense that I would neg-
lect any for the sake of a few! Year
after year I grow over a thousand differ-
ent kinds, and every one of them can
truly lay claim to merit, or I would not grow it. But
it is only human that some should carry a greater ap-
peal than others, and in suggesting below a few of my
favorites, I hope to serve those among Garden Maga-
zine readers who look for initial guidance.

Modern Dahlias — Flowers of

Beauty , Charm, Individuality

The beauty of colors in most any shade, the charm of different types bringing
you many forms, the individuality of every individual flower, even on one and the
same plant — these are the characteristics that have won for the Dahlia the supreme
place among flowers. For garden or table decoration, singly or in bunches, few
flowers so truly serve their purpose as the Dahlia. And I am proud to say that 1
have championed the Dahlia ever since the days when it was little understood.

Which of These May I Send You?

Every one a good one that will make you feel glad you gave it a chance. All are field grown
roots, of sturdy constitution, with abundant vitality — the kind of roots that’ll make good anywhere!

Five Choice

Dahlias

for

prepaid

$2

$5

Madonna, fluffy white.

Mina Burgle, best scarlet.

Frank A. Walker, lavender-pinlc.
J. K. Alexander, royal purple.
Achievement, maroon and white.

Six Gorgeous Peony-flowered
Dahlias prepaid for

Salvator, deep rose-pink.

New port Dandy, lavender.

Mrs. Bowen Tufts, rosy purple.
Latona, autumn shades.

Creation, ros> red.

South Pole, waxy wThite.

This collection will yield you an abundance
of flowers of the type shown in basket in il-
lustration above.

Six Marvelous Creations
prepaid for

$10

Mrs. Wtarnaar, white daintily tinted.
Gen. Smith-Dorrien, Scarlet Cactus.
Francis Martin, delicate lavender.
Jeannie Preston, semi-double yellow.
Rose Gem, fine salmon-pink.

Aurora, deep rich orange.

All Three Collections Bringing You 17 Distinct and Beautiful Kinds Mailed for $15.00.

Millions of Roots to Make America One Vast Dahlia Garden

Prepared to bring to your home grounds, beauty and pleasure throughout Summer and

Fall. Several million — the greatest crop ever — of finest field grown roots in almost limitless
choice of varieties, are waiting to be shipped to garden lovers everywhere. Alexander Service
in Dahlias, encircles the w'orld! My customers in Australia and Asia, are assured of as con-
scientious service as those in California and Rhode Island.

It abounds with practical hints on Dahlia culture;
tells how to stake, prune, fertilize plants for big-
Besides interesting historical notys, you will find it the greatest

Also, in case you are in-

My Catalogue Will Help

gest crops of perfect flowers.

index to the most comprehensive assortment of Dahlias ever offered,
terested in other things for your garden, there are complete descriptive lists of Gladioli,
Peonies, Phlox, Iris, Evergreens, Fruit Trees, Hardy Perennials and Ornamental Shrubs. It
will be a pleasure to receive your request for this free catalogue, and the assurance of tip-top
service goes with its mailing.

J. K. ALEXANDER y Grower

27-29 Central Street East Bridgewater, Mass.

6

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

When A Man’s Work
I is His Hobby 1

When a trained mind and skilled hands are guided by
an inborn desire to create — when that creative instinct
is kindled by a divine love for things that grow — extra-
ordinary things are bound to result. Quietly working
out definite ideas in plant breeding, we are indebted
to a man's love for his work which has given us

Diener’s Gold Medal Gladioli

Fruits , Flowers and Cereals

Gladioli that created a veritable “furore” even in that
land of floral surprises, California; Petunias that surpass
in substance, size and brilliancy any other strain; fruits
and vegetables that approach perfection ; hybrid wheats
surpassing in yield the highest record yields ever
gathered. This briefly outlines results achieved at
Kentfield where Richard Diener combines work, hobby,
skill and patience to give to the world finer things
for garden and field.

Make Sure You Get The Catalogue

Besides being a masterpiece of the printing art, it is
an index to some of the greatest new creations in
vegetables, fruits, and flowers. Whether you garden
for profit or pleasure, on a large or small scale, you
will want this book. You may have a free copy if
you mention Garden Magazine, and address

Secret?

DO vou know how to avoid the usual disappointment
of a poor Pea crop after mid-July? It’s easy to get
big crops of luscious juicy peas “falling right over one
another,” in steady succession even up to late August —
if you learn this secret:

Instead of planting at 2-or~3-week intervals, get the
following picked varieties and plant all at once in early
Spring, the moment the ground can be worked. 1 his
will allow a good root system to develop before the hot
weather comes. 1 he varieties then will hear in exactly
the order shown below (and pictured above), beginning
about June 20tb and keeping, up a steady, natural suc-
cession of big mouth-watering crops until late August.

Note the special Collection Prices below!

1. Schling’s Pedigree Extra-Early

2^6 feet. The earliest Pea grown; large.
W ■ well-tilled pods; Peas round of fine
quality. lb. 25 cts., lb. 45 cts., 2
lbs. 85 cts.

2. Gradus, or Prosperity

3 feet. An early, fine wrinkled Pea of
delicious flavor. One of the sweetest
grown. Vi lb. 30 cts., lb. 55 cts., 2
lbs. $1.

3. Sutton’s Excelsior

i Vi feet. The finest and most produc-
tive of dwarf medium-early wrinkled
Peas. Very sweet. ]/2 lb. 30 cts., lb.

55 cts., 2 lbs. $ l .

Special

Collection

Prices!

4. Dwarf Champion

2H feet. An enormous cropper. Broad
pods, very sweet Peas. */2 lb. 30 cts.,
lb. 55 cts., 2 lbs. $ I .

5. Improved Telephone

5 feet. Enormous pods, filled with
Peas of the finest quality. lb. 30
cts., lb. 55 cts., 2 lbs. $1.

6. Heroine

4 feet. Pods are large, deep green,
somewhat curved; tender Peas of finest
quality. % lb. 30 cts., lb. 55 cts., 2
lbs. f>\.

Yz lb. each of all 6 varieties, 3 lbs. in all,

$1.75, sent prepaid to any address.

1 lb. each of all 6 varieties, 6 lbs. in all,

$3.00, sent prepaid to any address.

2 lbs. each of all 6 varieties, 12 lbs. in all,

$5.50, sent prepaid to any address.

You haven’t any idea what a real Pea crop is until
you try this plan. Give yourself a real treat! Never
mind how small your garden is — you have plenty of
room for peas. Send in your order to-day!

The Blue Lace
Flower — the
1 season’s most sen-
sational novelty —
50c. pkt 5 Jor
$ 2.00 .

Seeds

24 West 59th St., New York

Our “ Book for
Garden Lovers **

{25c. a copy ) FREE
icith every order.

Do You Know This

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

7

Edward T Bromfield Seed Co.

GARDEY CITY - MEW YORK

That there is a new creamy Zinnia with petals tipped with Rose?
Why doctors prescribe more summer Squash for children?

How much room a plant needs to breathe?

What kind of Tomatoes have less acidity than others?

JFhat kind of Lettuce will stand heat best?

These questions and many more are answered in our catalogue, “Your Garden Golden Twelve Rowed
Year.” We assure you that it will be a pleasure to receive your request for E'ererecn
it, and it will be mailed to you without cost. A Sweet Corn Trio “Par Excellence”

White

Aristocrat

Golden

Bantam

7/ovnP^ardetv

Clear

S the title of our catalogue. So plain and easily
understood, and so unlike other seed cata-
logues, that we feel sure it will meet your ap-
proval at once, as it has with so many readers of Gar-
den Magazine.

We have selected for you all the best strains of the most highbred
varieties of vegetables and flowers in their respective classes, and

the best types only! Why should
of obsolete varieties, which
may have been winners in
their day, but cannot keep up
in the race for supremacy. Not
only have we disregarded the
undesirable, and superfluous,
but endeavored to make it
easy for you to carry to suc-
cessful conclusion, any plant-
ing operation vhich “Your
Garden Year” may have
tempted you to undertake.

it offer you a bewildering list

Double Crested Cosmos. Not every plant will bear
double flowers like these; but those that do will delight you!

Do You Know —

Seed Service of
an Unusual Kind

Evergreens

INTENSIVE specialization for
1 over 130 years, in the produc-
tion of high quality evergreens, has
gained for us a reputation as one
of the leading evergreen cultivators
of America.

Our 800 acre nurseries contain
every variety of proven merit and
our service department’s experts
suggest for planting at this time of
the year.

HEMLOCK SPRUCE

(Tall Growing)

2 to 2Ht $2.50 each

3 to 4 ft $4.50 each

DOUGLAS SPRUCE

( Tall Growing)

2 to 3 ft $2.00 each

3 to 4 ft $3.25 each

SCOTCH AND AUSTRIAN PINES

(Tall Growing )

2 to 3 ft $2.25 each

3 to 4 ft $3.00 each

MUGHO PINE

(Dwarf Growing )

12 to 18 in.

$2.25 each

JAPAN CEDARS
(Green and Golden )

(Semi Dwarf Growing)

1 1 to 2 ft $2.00 each

2 to 3 ft $3.00 each

PFITZERS JUNIPER

(Dwarf Growing)

1 1 to 2 ft $2.00 each

2 to 2\ ft $2.75 each

DOUGLAS GOLDEN JUNIPER

{Dwarf Growing)

1 to 1 1 ft $2.00 each

AMERICAN ARBOR VIT^ES

( For Screen Planting)

2 to 3 ft $1.25 each

Special price for 10 . $11.00

3 to 4 ft $2.00 each

Special price for 10 . $17.00

Our catalogue which we would gladly mail
upon request, contains an infinitely greater va-
riety of evergreens; also an extensive listing of
shrubs, trees and perennials of almost endless
selection.

Successful for o\>er -a, century

AMEDICAM /NURSERIES

H E. HOLDEN, Manager

Singer Building

aeW yoric

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

What a Favorite

G. M. Author says about

MELROSINE

iiMiiinoiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniuiiiiiiiiH]

Novvebor 1*>. 1920

Carden Chest cal Conpany.

Park Ave and 146th Street,

Ho* York Oity

Oentlenen

Having had a try-out of the aubstanoe now
•sailed "Molrosine** before it *aa pot or. the oarkc* .

I was lapressed by the fact that it really did kill
rose-buge. and I don't know of anything else that will
do the sane service without alao killing the rosee.

Then later, after it had been introduced. X saw it being
effectively used not only to put the rose-bugs out of
business on roses . but to do .he ease when they had
attacked rhododendron flowers in a proeinsat garden near
Philadelphia I keep it on hand, and would not hesitate
a fraotlon of a second about patting it m use as soon
as the bugs appeared because I believe it is the host
available reaedy for this nasty pest

Yours truly.

i JiMMimniiHmiii

J

Recommended as the most effective rose bug remedy by many eminent rosa-
rians. A highly concentrated liquid contact spray. Preserves blooms un-
blemished. Inexpensive. Keeps indefinitely.

It Kills Rose Bugs

Pleasant and harmless to use. Kills rose bugs, other insects, and prevents
disease. Full directions on each can.

SAVE YOUR ROSES

For Sale by your seedsman, nurseryman, or florist, at the following uniform
prices: Pint, $1 .00; Quart, $ 1 .75; Half-gallon, $3.25; Gallon, $6.00. If you
cannot secure your supply near home, write us, giving us your regular supply
house’s name and address.

GARDEN CHEMICAL COMPANY

MANUFACTURERS

Park Avenue and 146th Street

New York City

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

9

THUS did the Editor of GARDEN MAGAZINE summarize
his opinion while studying the exhibit of our new Pompon
Chrysanthemums at the Chrysanthemum Show last Fall.
We, too, can see where, a few years hence, this class will com-
pletely replace the small, old-fashioned “Button” Pompons.
And the judges at the National Chrysanthemum Show felt
likewise, when several weeks later, they awarded to this group

The Gold Medal for Unusual Merit

The average size of the flowers of these new ’Mums grown under ordinary
garden conditions is from four to five times as large as those of the Button
Pompons you know. Individual flowers average two to two and a half
inches in diameter, and are freely borne on long wiry branches that furnish
most ideal material for boquets. Every ’Mum enthusiast will share our
enthusiasm after seeing the following in the gaiden.

Shaker Lady. A bright tyrian
pink.

Adelaide. Illustrated above.
Rich deep mahogany.

Harriet Sykes. Lovely rose
pink of compact growth.

Sardi Vorro. Brilliant sal-

mon shading to shining bronze.

Indian Hill. Deep yellow

flaked with crimson.

Traveler. A very fine white.

Florham Queen. Lovely
blush white.

Strong plants of any of these 50c each, $5.00 per dozen,
$35.00 per hundred.

So sure are we that Garden Magazine readers

' * will be delighted with these remarkable new

hardy ’Mums, that we want to give them the widest possible distribution.
We feel that they will make us many new friends. We shall therefore, supply
the set of all seven kinds, one strong plant of each, for $3.00 postpaid.

Charles H. Totty Company

Headquarters for the Unusual among Novelties

Madison New Jersey

■MM

“ I See the Writing
On the Wall ”

Our 1921 Spring Seed Annual sent on request

30-32 BARCLAY STREET

NEW YORK CITY

The higher bred the strain, the poorer the
yield of seed becomes! Except for man’s
assistance in pollinizing the flowers, our Giant-
Fringed Petunias would bear no seed at all! We
have the courage to pay our specialists $25 per
ounce for our own private strains.

While it is only natural, then, that the seed is expensive,
compared with ordinary commercial strains, it is cheap.
Specially constructed lath houses, tedious hours of pains-
taking work, great care in saving and cleaning the seeds —
these are but a few of the factors that enter into the pro-
duction of our fine strains of Petunias.

Stumpp & Walter (Ys. Fine Strains

of Flower Seeds

embody all the skill and experience of the foremost flower seed
growers the world over. Here are a few offers designed to acquaint M
you with the better things among Flowers for the Home Garden. f|

Petunias, S. & W. Co’s. Giant Fringed Mixed .25

Arctotis Grandis, Blue African Daisy, very handsome . .15 H

Calendula, Orange King, very large deep orange color. .25

Carnation, Giant Marguerite Mixed, very double sweet scented .10 J
Celosia, Pride of Castle Gould, the finest to be had in Cockscomb .25 ■

Gaillardia, The Bride, very fine double white .15

Helichrysum, Double Mixed, everlastingfstraw flowers) in all colors .10 jjj
Marigold, Giant Show Orange, the largest and best of their class .25 HI

Poppy, Double Queen, very beautiful, all colors mixed 15 ■

Salpiglossis, Finest Mixed, will flower all summer, 10 H

Verbena, Giant Mixed, (New) of unusual size . . . . .25

Zinnia, S. &. W. Co’s. Giant Mixed, none better to be had .... .25

Special Combination Offer: 1

purchased separately would cost $2.25, sent prepaid anywhere in the
H United States and Canada for $2.00.

than their Weight
in Gold!

10

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

Carters Tested Seeds

Famous for a Century

TRADE MARK

Are the product of generations of care-
ful selection, scientific propagation and test-
ing for Germination, Purity and Vitality.
This assures a certainty of results not pos-
sible with seeds of less definite parentage.

For better vegetables — for fine and free
flowering plants, sow Carters Tested
Seeds. They cost no more than the ordi-
nary kind, and results considered, are the
most economical and profitable to use.

Carters Tested Grass Seed sold in one
and five pound packages. Used in pro-
ducing quality turf on the foremost
Golf Courses of America and England.
Price 50c per pound
By the Bushel (25 lbs.) $8.50

SEND FOR

CARTERS 1921 CATALOG “GARDEN AND LAWN”
MAILED FREE ON REQUEST

Carters Tesfed Seeds

Address: 106 Chamber of Commerce Bldg., Dept. K, Boston

Main Office: 25 West 43rd Street, New York

Philadelphia Chicago Toronto

London, England

A

Buist
Garden
Holds Great
Pleasures

The most expensive garden holds true joy to the gardener
who appreciates beauty in the simplest “posey.” Consider
a garden of Annuals! A dollar, judiciously invested, will
transform any bare spot into a riot of color and beauty.
And it matters little whether the soil is poor or rich — they
thrive and bloom most anywhere.

Give these Flowers a Chance !

BUIST’S IDEAL COLLECTION OF ANNUALS
75c POSTPAID

One packet each of the following, which, if purchased separately would
cost $1.25.

Ageratum Blue Perfection. Dwarf deep blue, fine for edging.

Aster Giant Crego. Flower of immense size. Very attractive.

Calliopsis Golden Wave. Rich golden yellow flowers.

Celosia Plumosa. Very showy, free flowering.

Cosmos Mammoth Perfection. Flower of Mammoth size and perfect form.
Helichrysum (Straw Flower) The most popular of the “Everlastings."

Larkspur Giant Hyacinth Flowers. All colors
Marigold El Dorado. Large flowers in all shades of yellow.

Nasturtium Dwarf Giant Flowers. A wonderful range of colors.

Pansy Buist’s Superb Mixture. A large variety of beautiful colors.

Petunia Rosy Morn. Rosy-pink with white throat. Very desirable for borders,
beds or rockeries.

Phlox Drummondii Grandiflora. Unexcelled for profusion of bloom.

Poppy Shirley. The shades of colors are almost endless.

Schizanthus (Butterfly Flower). Orchid like flowers.

Sunflower. “Cut and Come Again." Flowers from June until frost.

Verbena Buist's Mammoth. A mixture of beautiful colors.

Zinnia Buist’s Giant Flowers of gigantic size 4 to 6 inches across, densely
double and very brilliant in colors.

Buist’s 1921 Garden Guide

Tells what, when and how to plant and how
to care for your garden. Our prices show a
material reduction at no sacrifice of quality.
Send for your Copy To-Day — It’s Free.

Robert Buist Company

Dept. P Philadelphia, Pa.

The Garden Magazine , March , 1921

11

Does Spring Bring Lilac
Time in Your Garden?

LILACS should be more largely planted in our gardens,
^ as they are of easy culture, and thrive well in a great
variety of soil and climates. Many new and wonderfully
beautiful hybrids, bring us an infinite variety of shades and
tints, principally in white, pink, lilac or bluish lavender, and
purple red. With some varieties, the color effect is partic-
ularly beautiful, when unopened buds contrast with open flow-
ers on one and the same panicle. It is then that the lilac
displays its greatest charms.

After many years of effort, we are now able to offer a
very extensive collection of choice
varieties comprising the very best
of European introductions. Our
plants are fully developed speci-
mens, ready to flower, and are all
Cottage Garden Grown which in it-
self is a guarantee of their
high quality, assuring the
purchaser of quick and
satisfactory results.

Here is a Special Offer of
Ten Distinct Varieties of
Merit Embracing a Wide
Range of Colors , in both
Single and Double Types
as Illustrated.

Five

Superb Singles

Charles X

Blackish, violet-red

3-4 ft.

$2.00

Hugo Koster

Pure Lilac

3 ft.

5.00

Lamartine

Mauve-pink

21 2-3 ft.

2.00

Marie Legrave

Pure white

4 ft.

3.00

Souvenier de Louis Spath

Black-red

4 ft.

3.00

Five Superb Doubles

Belle de Nancy

Satiny pink

4 ft.

$3.00

Charles Joly

Deep wine-red

4 ft.

3.00

Jeanne d’Arc

Pure white

4 ft.

3.00

Mme. Casimir Perrier

Creamy white

3 ft.

2.00

Michael Buchner

Clear Lilac

5 ft.

5.00

Total Value

$31.00

Special Offer. We will supply the above collection of ten plants in sizes
as stated for #27.50. Orders booked now for shipment on or about April 1st.

Special Descriptive Lilac Book

This booklet describing a large number of varieties has just been issued and
will be sent upon request.

Cottage Gardens, Inc., Nurseries

Queens Long Island New York

Vs

.v

' r*

The Single Type

12

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

MBH

The Easy Way to a Perfect
Hardy Garden of Perennial Joy

Make up your mind what you would like to have in the way of a flower garden. Consider the
height of plants, colors you prefer, and when you want the flowers. Then read our catalogue
offered below, and kindly remember that we grow hundreds of thousands of the best hardy
plants every year.

Now is the Time to Start

I I

If you want to make an exceptionally good showing this coming Summer and Fall. Among
the hundreds of kinds we grow, many will give a splendid account of themselves right away. For
those who appreciate guidance in selection, we offer: —

A Suggestion for a Hardy Border

100 Choice Hardy Plants for Present Planting $15.00

This will include such well known favorites as Achillea, Anem-
ones, Shasta Daisies, Sea Pinks, and Michaelmas Daisies, besides a
good number of the choicer kinds like Astilbes, Hollyhocks, Phloxes,
etc. There will be five each of twenty kinds, our selection, and the
usual Elliott Guarantee of Satisfaction or no sale, serves as
your protection.

The Elliott

Catalogue

Will help you solve any problems which
the entire next garden season may bring
in either the ornamental or utility garden.
Sent regularly to all customers of record.
Gladly sent free to new friends upon
request.

ilBBH

ELLIOTT NURSERY, J. Wilkinson Elliott, Owner

Pittsburgh, Pa.

mnniiiiii!

Vol. XXXIII, No. 1

The Garden

MAGAZINE

March, 1921

NEW'

botanical

^A*<Ufci/v

Lewis Colt Albro, architect. J0/,„ Wallace Gillies, Photo.

CVJ

0~>

0 c

<

"A HOUSE, A POOL
DROWSING IN THE SUN,
GIRT WITH FLOWERS
AND GRACIOUS QUIETUDE”
Amer Pindar

A pleasant, sheltered spot in which to bask away
leisurely hours. Blossoming Hydrangeas and other
tubbed plants, judiciously placed, relieve the harshness
of brick and stone; dwarf Evergreens and Tuberous
Begonias (left foreground) bring the garden to the very
verge of the pool. At Rye, N. Y., Hillbrook, the home
of George Arents, J r.

13

14

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

J. Horace • McFarland Co., Photo.

“BRAVE FLOWERS— THAT I COULD GALLANT IT LIKE YOU,
AND BE AS LITTLE VAIN!"

Henry King

The Gladiolus is never seen to better advantage than
when so planted in mass against a heavy background of
shrubbery which at once throws the decorative spikes
into brilliant relief

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

Mattie Eduards Hewitt, Photo.

“I SEEK THE COOLEST SHELTERED SEAT,

JUST WHERE THE FIELD AND FOREST MEET,—”

John Townsend Trowbridge

The little figure so lightly poised on top the slender column seems
just to have flitted into this quiet, shaded spot out of the summer
sunshine. It is a well-placed bit of statuary, an interesting link
between fields and garden, imbued with much of the summer’s own
fugitive grace. The path of approach is bordered with all sorts of
flowering things — Achillea (on the left), masses of Sweet William,
Larkspur, Tree Peony, etc. (on the right); and overhead a Grapevine.
Garden of Mrs. Edward Holter, Twotine Farm, Mt. Kisco, N. Y.

A SUCCESSFUL PLANTING FOR
“OLD FASHIONED” EFFECT

MARY P. CUNNINGHAM

Landscape Architect

A Convincing Presentation of Picture and Plan Where the New Border of
Hardy Flowers was Settled Comfortably Among the Apple Trees of Other Days

Apple tree is perhaps as unique a feature of our
New England gardens as is the Hawthorn bush of the
F: °H English gardens. We build many of our gardens
in the orchards of our grandfathers using the old trees
as backgrounds, or if only a single tree or two remain as is more
often the case, they are chosen as the guardians of our garden — -
the personifying element as it were that will link this new thing
with the things of the past — instinctively we realize that gardens
should never be new.

THE TREES

The garden shown here was designed about two old Apple
trees. One acts as a boundary tree, an accessory to the other
with which it frames in a lovely view (see point D on the plan).
The main tree, though it lost one whole spreading side in a re-
cent gale, still holds its own as thedominant feature of the garden.

All old trees in gardens give this same feeling of age and
association which we like so much, but the Apple tree gives

more. It is by nature a friendly tree — familiar and benign: it
protects and invites, and becomes like a hearthstone in the gar
den that draws all men to it. That is why the table and cl
find themselves here naturally instead of at the pool end of
garden. Even in winter it has its appeal — this sturdy old sei.
tinel watching over a sleeping garden like an old loved nurse who
has brought us up from age to age. In spring it protects us
against the cold winds . nd in August we seek its shade from the
midsummer sun. But it is at tea time in any season that the
shadeof theAppletree . ,ems infinitely superior toanyotherplace!

Another reason for planting our gardens where formerly these
orchards stood is that they were generally near the house, and
our most successful gardens are those which lead directly from
the house in such intimate relation that house and garden are
each incomplete without the other.

THE PLAN AND ITS RELATION TO THE HOUSE

The problem here was how to relate the garden to the house

Tht 5/R.ELN

i — ^ nrryw

|4'V«sw Point' ID

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Lawk

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ANT APPLE-TE.LE. GARDEN at
GLOUCESTER. MASSACHUSETTS

rXAiav P- Cunningham
LANPSCAPr. Architcct"

GENERAL PLAN OF GARDEN

Detailed planting plan for the two flower borders are given on the next page. The
view points of the accompanying photographs are indicated by the letters, A, B, etc.

16

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

17

THE PATH THAT LEADS FROM THE PORCH

The house and garden are directly connected by the
main path which centres on the porch steps and the
living-room window. (Point C on the general plan)

and still give the big Apple tree its due place in
the existing rectangle which was so obviously
the place for the garden.

The solution shows the tree just off centre of
the grass panel, but with enough spread of foliage
so that the balance falls in the centre of the
garden. There was no attempt made to put
the grass panel on axis with a part of the house
or to include it in the house view except by
glimpses. The house is directly connected with
the garden by the entrance path which is on a
line with the porch steps and the living-room
window. Thus the chief view from the house
looks down the long path between flowers on
each side to the big Spruce tree at one end.
Here the path turns through the flowers by in-
formal stepping stones to the grass panel. On
this side the garden is bounded by the Forsythia
bank, graded and planted to look parallel to
the stone wall opposite. A similar path goes
down the opposite side of the garden, from the
street entrance through old Lilacs between a
row of Spruce and Pine, against the pasture wall
on one side and a flower border on the other.
I his path also passes through the flowers by
stepping stones and enters the grass panel.

THE GATE WITH ITS RUSTIC SETTINGS

The path by the wall leads to this shady little nook and thence out through
the little gate to the old "Green” beyond. (Point B on the general plan)

18

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

See page 20 for ''Notes"

THE GATE

At one end of this path is a small shady
area flagged and planted with such shade-
loving plants as Ferns, white Foxglove,
Yew, some bulbs, creepers, and Wild Prim-
rose. Here is a rough stone seat and a
bird-bath and a white picket gate in the
wall which leads out through Lilacs and
Roses to the old village green beyond.
We call this the “ Postman’s Gate.”

THE GRASS PANEL

This central grass strip forms the greater
part of the garden area. The effect of
shadows on the grass is perhaps the most
beautiful feature of the garden, especially
in the morning when the sun shines through
the early dew. A low, flat pool terminates
the garden (in the plan, but is not yet
built) and this is surrounded by a semi-
circular Pine hedge to be clipped at a
height of eight feet. Behind this are Lom-
bardy Poplars and one old Elm.

THE PLANTING

Two wide flower borders flank the central
grass strip, one of which is in semi-shade,
the other in full sun. The planting of an
Apple tree garden is difficult on account
of this element of shade, for the flowers
we use in quantities (that is the stand-bys
like Phlox) love the sun. It is quite
possible, however, to get among the shade
plants masses quite as strong as these in
texture and color value, if not in color
intensity, to create a feeling of balance in
the garden. The result may even be more
interesting than the average obviously
balanced borders where the plants of both
sides are alike.

The first effect in this garden is in April
with the Daffodils and Squills. Then
come the Early Tulips and later the Dar-
wins arranged in groups down both borders,
ranging in color from the salmon-pink
Clara Butt through silver-pink, violet, lav-
ender to maroon, each color in a group
by itself. After that there is Lupin, and
yellow and blue Iris, and then before we
know it the big spring panorama is upon us,
with Columbine, Anchusa, Foxglove, Lark-
spur, Sweet William, Day-lilies, Iris, Peony,
and the rest of the “old-fashioned” flowers.

So far these effects have occurred in both
sun and shade borders up through the
period of Larkspur bloom. Then the
feathery white Spirea Aruncus lifts its lacey
branches high in the shade to vie with the
Hollyhock across the way; and white Bee-
balm and Physostegia and Scented Tobacco
and Snakeroot keep the shady corner alive
in contrast with the pink and blue Speed-
well in the sun. Fortunately even on the
shady side we have a patch of sun at either
end to allow masses of Phlox and Larkspur

Editor’s Note: These planting plans are to be

studied in connection with the accompanying photographs
which show parts of the borders, and the point of view of
each photograph is indicated by the letters A, B, C and
D on the block plan on the preceding page. For “Notes”
on planting see page 20.

Planting plan of Border No. 2. Full Sun
See page 20 for ‘'Notes”

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

19

THE SHADOWS ON THE GRASS ARE AS ALLURING AS THE FLOWERS IN THE BORDER

The broken shadows that are made by the Apple tree add values of tone and color to the
semi-shade border that gives it ever varying variety. (Viewpoint A on general plan)

20

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

THE SHADY WALK THAT SKIRTS THE GARDEN BORDER

I'he two trees form the framework of the garden picture and here
emphasize the vista down the path. (Point D on the general plan.)

Sion, Emperor, Empress, Leedsii,
rugulosus odorus, White Lady, Sir
Watkin.

Early Tulips: Murillo Tulip
(ioo) down the path from the House
on both sides with ioo Narcissus
poeticus.

200 Crocus scattered on the grass
panel near the pool.

Where “Lily” is used Lilium can-
didum is indicated.

2: Annuals: Plant annuals at in-
tervals where possible down the
house path for mid-summer bloom
especially. Use: White Cosmos
(near Larkspur); pale yellow Cal-
endula; Crego Aster, flesh and lav-
ender; Stock, light pink; Annual
Larkspur Blue Butterfly.

3: Varieties of Phlox used: Miss
Lingard, Eugene Danzenvilliers,
Mme. Paul Dutrie, Elizabeth Camp-
bell, Evenement, Beacon, Jeanne
d’Arc, Czarina, Independence, Gen.
van Heutz, divaricata (among the
wild plants), Arendsi Helene.

4: Varieties of Perennial Asters
used: Climax, novae-angliae, novae-
belgii.

and Hollyhock and Buddleia — with here and
there a few sun spots between — for Apple tree
shade is not dense.

To these flower effects the Apple trees add
their full share in that supreme week of apple
blossoms when all the world looks rosy; and
then again in the fall, red apples, to compen-
sate for the passing flowers. There are also
Lilac trees and old-fashioned shrubs like Mock-
orange, Weigela, Snowball, Deutzia and bush
Roses. The chief masses are Lilacs, early and
late blooming, to further emphasize the old-
time note and lilac-time is a definite event in
the garden.

And so the garden stands, with all its promise
— in the plan — and part of its fulfilment already
realized as the accompanying photographs show;
but whenever was a garden really finished?

NOTES ON PLANTING DETAIL IN PLANS ON PAGE l8

1: Darwin Tulips in groups down each

border as indicated by circles, planted in in-
formal groups: i. Clara Butt; 2. Gretchen (sil-
ver pink); 3. Rev. Ewbank (violet); 4. Erguste
(lavender); 5. Sultan (maroon).

Naturalized on the Forsythia bank and
down the Spruce path, Scilla, Grape I lyacinth,
and Narcissus in these varieties: Poeticus, Van

IN ONE CORNER OF THE SHADE BORDER

A patch of sunlight at either end of the shade border allows these standbys to help
keep the balance of bloom through the seasons. (See rear part of view on page 17.)

THE PRACTICAL SIDE OF PLANTING AND

TRANSPLANTING

A. D. TAYLOR*

Landscape Architect

Soil Preparation; Spading and Depth for Individual Plants, and Handling of Stock on Receipt

IRANSPLANT1NG, in its general definition, is the
operation of taking a plant up from the soil and planting
it again in a new location, where it is expected to
continue normal growth. Correct transplanting im-
plies that a plant in its new position should be left in proper
posture, and firmly embed-
ded in good soil. In ad-
dition to placing plants in
new and permanent loca-
tions to have them effective,
or where they may develop
to better advantage, it is
often necessary to move
plants from masses in order
to prevent crowding and to
provide more space for the
remaining plants. This is
true especially with nursery
grown stock, and also in
plantations which are made
dense at the outset in order
to produce an immediate
effect.

The result of close planting
iseventually an overcrowded
condition and a lack of
healthy, well-developed fob- «

age, flowers, and fruit. The D » • 1 *
more vigorous specimens ^

crowd out the weaker ones
and unless a “ thinning out ”
process is adopted, the mass ■

effect becomes quite uneven "y

and ragged.

The reason for most over- '3 1

crowded plantings is the aal ~~

desire on the part of the de-
signer to gain quick results.

Too often our impatience

and unwillingness to wait C: ,\-

until plants mature and
“fill out’’ develop many
errors. Three years after
transplanting is the normal
period required for shrubs,
two years for perennials,
and eight to ten years for
average nursery grown trees

to make the necessary growth to overcome the bare effect of
the border or row of trees, when planted in small sizes.

The question often arises as to whether or not it is better to
use average sized nursery stock (three to four year old stock)
or to use large, overgrown shrubs. Many people feel that an
immediate effect is desirable and that the larger the shrubs
used the more quickly is their object achieved. The nursery
shrub will require anywhere from two to four years, under
normal spacing, before it will develop sufficiently to produce
fully effective mass planting. On the other hand, the large,
overgrown shrub which occupies the requisite space at once

A Plants temporarily “heeled-in” for early planting
B Small nursery tree as received and as pruned for planting

C Transplanting large trees. A trench is dug cutting the roots in the year previ-
ous, not later than July. The compact ball of new roots (right) is easily moved
D Roses, own-root D i ; Budded D 4. Set D 1 a little deeper (D 2.) Budded Roses
(D 4) are planted with bud well down. Winter protection by hilling D 3.

E Depth in transplanting. Normal growth at E 1, As transplanted, with soil
basin for water E, 2. The Hilling at E 3 is bad in every way.

generally requires severe pruning and cutting back in order to
produce any growth which will fill out the plant at the bottom
and the top. This renovating process requires from two
to three years. Therefore at the end of this period the general
effect of the plantation is about the same whether large, over-
grown shrubs or smallernur-
sery specimens are used.

The correct method to
adopt in general work is to
allow sufficient space be-
tween plants for the normal
development of each. Plant-
ing too close, although
providing a more finished
appearance during the first
one or two seasons, is far
less desirable than liberal
spacing. It is not practi-
cable to lay down a well-
defined rule for spacing
plants.

Conditions for Trans-
planting

It is better to transplant
stock on a dull, moist day
\ Jv Jk than on a bright sunny one,

because the planter needs to
give less attention to the
A - drying out and consequent

-■ injury to fibrous rootgrowth.

"M If transplanting is done on

dry, sunny days plenty of
water must be used, or the
plants must be thoroughly
dormant. Dry winds are as
injurious as hot sun. The
safest rule to follow is that
no plant should be moved
except with extreme care,
and then only when entirely
dormant. Plants are gen-
erally considered dormant
when the flow of sap has
ceased in the top, at which
time the season’s growth is
completed, and the wood
has had ample opportunity to ripen and harden. Deciduous
plants are dormant when the leaves have fallen or turned brown.
Transplanting before the wood is thoroughly ripened is one of
the sources of winter-killing. It is practicable to transplant
perennials, small trees, many evergreens and many shrubs
before they have finished their growing season, or after growth
in the spring has well begun; but this should rarely, if ever,
be attempted with large trees.

The purchaser of nursery stock should request that such
material be lifted and packed properly. In general nursery
stock must be dug carefully, and the roots very cleanly cut to

* From advance proofs of “The Complete Garden”, a manual of practical gardening, by A. D. Taylor, F.A.S.L.A. (Doubleday, Page & Co.)

21

22

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

preserve as much of the root growth as possible. The stock
should not be allowed to stand openly exposed to the injurious
effects of wind and sun after lifting and before packing. For
short shipments, of one or two days, stock can be packed equally
well in excelsior, sphagnum-moss or straw, but for longer ship-
ments material should not be packed in excelsior, for it dries
out too rapidly.

On receipt of nursery stock which has been shipped in boxes
or crates, it should be so covered with canvas that there is a
minimum of exposure to drying out processes. Stock received
on the grounds where it is to be used, should be removed at
once from boxes or crates, and if not planted immediately must
be “heeled in” or in some other way be kept from drying out.

Transplanting Collected Stock

Collected stock needs more careful attention than nursery
stock. Collected material usually has a larger spread of roots
than plants grown in nursery rows, and as it has never been
previously transplanted or root pruned, it suffers more severely
through loss of root system. Top pruning must, therefore, be
more severe for collected plants than for nursery material, to
offset the greater loss of roots. Collected stock usually requires
a longer period in which to become well established in its new
location. When the loss in transplanted stock is ten to fifteen
per cent., the average loss in collected stock may be as high as
twenty per cent. The usual period required for establishing
nursery stock in its new location is two years; the usual period
for establishing collected stock ranges from two to four years.

Season of Year for Transplanting

Planting seasons in different localities are influenced by many
factors, among which soil and climatic conditions are the most
important. Heavy soils are more friable during the fall, while
during the spring they remain cold and wet until quite late.
In such soils, if but little planting is to be done, it is better to
plant during the spring months for the reason that clay soils
tend, through frost action during the winter months, to heave
out material which is planted in the fall. There is little actual
difference between the desirability of spring planting and fall
planting. There are arguments on both sides of the question
and, with the exception of those plants which are adapted for
transplanting only at a specific season, the writer suggests that
planting should be done whenever the soil is ready to receive
the plants, whether it be spring or fall. This is especially true
in the loamy soils. Transplanting should not be done too late
in the spring, as growth will then be too far advanced for the
plants to be moved with safety, and the season will become hot
and dry before they become well established. It is for this
reason that plants taken from a colder to a much warmer
climate should preferably be transplanted in the fall.

General Preparation of Planting Beds

Beds for shrubbery should be dug at least twelve inches deep,
and ample width and depth provided for trees, varying ac-
cording to their size. The soil should be made loose and
friable so that it will cover the roots thoroughly. Well-rotted
manure should be incorporated in planting beds, but never
directly in contact with the roots, especially of Evergreens.
Heavy soils should be lightened, if possible, by the addition of
sandy loam or straw manure; and light soils should be improved
by the addition of vegetable matter. Poor preparation of plant-
ing beds or foundations for lawn areas means an increased ex-
pense in the cost of maintenance during the succeeding years
after the completion of the original work. Thorough prepara-
tion can be accomplished only through the use of good, friable
topsoil and an adequate supply of well-rotted manure. It is
an easy matter in all planting work, especially that done in
clay soils, to do so-called “pocket planting” and to feel that the
initial expense has been very greatly reduced. In all planting

areas bordering refined lawns this method of planting is not
desirable. It causes a “soil-bound” and stunted growth of the
root system, and does not provide the adequate food supply
which plants growing freely in a loose and friable soil can
obtain.

Drainage for Transplanted Stock

The character of the soil in which plants are to be placed
should be considered carefully. Sandy soils which have ample
drainage, and clayey soils which naturally retain water, require
distinctly different treatment. It is invariably necessary in
clayey soils, especially with larger trees, to provide artificial
drainage. In sandy soils, on the other hand, an extra supply
of water must be added, especially when stock is transplanted
during the latter part of the spring season or in the warmer
climates. A plant should not be placed in a “pocket” ex-
cavated in shale or clay, which will afford little or no drainage;
and it is, of course, better not to plant on a small mound which
will lose moisture rapidly during the dry season. The common
practice of “hilling” earth around the stem of the plant, which
sheds water away from the roots, is to be discouraged. A
shallow, basin shaped depression should be left around the
stem. This will hold the water until it soaks down to the
roots. But suitable allowance must be made for later settling
of the loosened earth.

Depth for Transplanting

The question is often asked as to how deep stock should be
set when it is transplanted. This is a query which has no
single answer; the depth naturally varies according to the
special requirements of various types of material. For example,
some of the more tender Perennials (like the Shasta Daisy, the
Foxglove, and the Cardinal-flower) should not be set as deep
as some of the hardier types (like the Phlox, the Larkspur, and
the Hardy Sunflower). The suggestions here, however, are
general. A plant in its new location should stand at about the
same level as it stood before. There is more danger in setting
a plant too deep in a clayey soil than in a sandy one, for it is
vital that the air should reach the roots. More stock is injured
by deep planting than by shallow; and it often will be found
well to set the plant with the crown or top of the roots an inch
or more nearer the surface than it was before.

This is specially true in the case of trees which, as frequently
observed, are easily killed by filling in earth around them. In
the case of shrubs it is not a serious matter, except with Rho-
dodendrons and Azaleas. These two plants are strongly
characterized by having roots that remain near the surface.
Roses of all kinds, however, are better set deep, for they readily
throw out new roots above the old. Deep planting thus
incidentally helps to conserve the supply of moisture so essential
to success with the Rose. In the case of budded Roses it is
necessary to have the union at least two and a half, or three
inches below the surface of the ground, in order that suckers
may not spring up from the stock and choke the engrafted plant.
Vines, particularly Grape vines, it is also well to plant deep.
In fact, Grape vines are often led under the ground for a rod or
more to spring up at a distant point where it is desired to have
them grow.

With Perennials in general, extreme care must be exercised.
Those like the Iris, with leaves that spring from a point near
the ground, are made to decay by earth heaped about them.
Those with thick, fleshy roots particularly should be planted
only according to a careful observance of their habit of growth.
The Peony does not make good bloom if the eyes are sunk much
more than two and a half inches below the surface. In the
transplanting of the roots of the Larkspur, it should be borne
in mind that the crown at the base of the plant should be
covered with good top soil to a depth of approximately two or
three inches. In all transplanting calculation should be made
of the possibility of the earth settling around the plant.

RAISING YEWS FROM SEED AT WELLESLEY

T. D. HATFIELD

Study of Relative Hardiness of European and Asiatic Types

Editor’s note: The collection of Evergreens on the Hunnewell estate at IVellesley near Boston was begun about 1843, and

has now been established long enough to have demonstrated certain facts as to the endurance and behavior of many trees. The late
Mr. H . H . Hunnewell took a great interest in planting new introductions as they came available and the collections ( continued by the
family) now afford an unparalleled opportunity for a knowledge of the behavior of many species in the climate of Northeastern America.
Mr. Hatfield, who has had charge of the gardens for many years, renders a real service in recording his observations and in this way
making available some facts about the plants that will help planters to avoid loss by the selection of material unsuited to their conditions.

BHEN I came to the Hunnewell estate at Wellesley,
Mass., twenty years ago, all the Yews growing there
were either imported plants of the European Yew or
stock from them raised in this country. The Japanese
Yew (Taxus cuspidata), now so popular, and its compact-growing
variety, known in the nurseries as brevifolia, have been growing
here since about 1870. They were brought to this country by
Dr. George R. Hall, of Warren, R. I., about 1862, and later
distributed from the Parsons Nursery, Flushing, Long Island.
Some of the first plants came to the Hunnewell estate and
some of the finest specimens now in existence are here.

Of the original English Yew (Taxus baccata) very few plants
are left. They have never thrived, and everywhere the Jap-

anese varieties excel them. They would go along for a few years,
pick up and make shapely plants, then an unusually severe
winter would burn the south side of every one and otherwise
disfigure it for a year or two. This has kept on happening and,
though once in a while a plant more favorably situated than the
rest escapes for a time, one by one these baccata forms have
been going, until now there are only one or two in presentable
condition. One of these is the variety repandens, a procumbent
form which I suspect is known elsewhere under another name.
This has an especially good chance to survive because in most
winters it is covered with snow.

Curiously, up to a few years ago, the variegated varieties of
T. baccata stood best and we have had some very good speci-
mens, but even of these only a straggly plant
or two still remain.

T. b. tardiva struggled along for a number of
years, but never from the first seemed worth
keeping except as a curiosity. T. b. Dovastoni
was disposed to spread rather than get up.
Although given exceptional care as to position,
the plants went backwards most of the time.
During one of the thrifty spells, it produced
fruit and the same year our colony of Irish
Yews, which formed part of the Topiary gar-
den here, also fruited. Thus began a series of
experiments in raising seedling Yews — by buds
of the European and Japanese types — and the
observations on their relative hardiness that
forms the basis of these notes.

The Irish Yews were grown in tubs and
were kept under cover in winter and put out in
spring, and when finally (tiring of this tedium)
they were left out for the winter, they died.
On the contrary, though, some of the seed-
lings of the Irish Yew which have taken on a
fastigiate form have proved perfectly hardy.

Returning to the matter of the Japanese T.
cuspidata: we have several forms, and the char-
acters of each are distinct enough to be persist-
ent when raised from cuttings. Some of these
are shown in the accompanying illustrations.
One is broadly columnar, or vasiform, branch-
ing almost wholly from the base; another bowl-
shaped showing no axis; one, known in the trade
as T. c. capitata, is the upright-growing or tree
form; one is umbellate in habit, forming a dis-
tinct stem from which it branches horizontally,
the branches recurving.

We have still another of the cuspidata type
which we call variety Sieboldii. I found this
in Waterer’s Nursery in England, and was
told it was a Chinese form. Of this I am in
doubt, as the only known Chinese form is T.
c. chinensis of Wilson, or from seed collected
by him. Our Sieboldii is quite distinct, a free
grower, and broadly vasiform and is now a

24

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

says that it makes a tree in China. It has been tried in
various situations but sunburns more or less according to the
winter. Hitherto it has made much late growth, which seem-
ingly did not have time to mature. We have two or three nice
specimens, which are doing well, and we think when the plants
age more, they will settle down and mature their growth
sufficiently to withstand our winters.

T. c. fructo-aureo is a yellow fruited variety about which no
more need be said than that it does not differ from the type in
any other way.

T. c. brevifolia enjoys a much greater popularity in the
United States than does the type. One reason for this —
purely a nurseryman’s reason, 1 think — is that it propagates
more easily from cuttings. It is a pity the type has been
neglected; for the upright form, which unfortunately did not
come among our first specimens, grows into a handsome small
tree, splendid specimens of which can be seen on some of the
Long Island estates. T. c. brevifolia, because of its aforesaid
ready propagation, is getting plentiful. In some places it is
being used for hedges. Our largest specimen has a soread of
thirty feet and a height of eight feet.

JAPANESE
AT WELIrE

YEW

SLEY

Taxus cuspidata
g row i n g i n t he
Hunnewell arbore-
tum, one of the old-
est in cultivation
and in splendid
condition

GEO. R. HALL, M. D.

Born 1820

Through whose keen in-
terest in collecting plants
during his voyages to
Asia and establishing
them on his father’s
homestead at Warren,
R. L, our gardens were
greatly enriched. Hall’s
Magnolia, Hall’s Honey-
suckle, etc., are in the list

specimen 8 x 5 ft. The habit is dense,
and the leaves are shorter, and twigs
thinner than in the typical T. cuspidata.
In color, it is olive, not dark green like
most of the type. It promises to make
a large, handsome specimen, and is very
much admired. It comes true from
seed, in so far as the color and general
character goes, but many of the seed-
lings develop a leader, which the origi-
nal does not.

We have Wilson’s T. c. chinensis
from seed collected bv Wilson, who

THE FIRST INTRODUCED
JAPANESE YEW

Above is the original plant brought to Warren,
R. L, by Dr. G. R. Hall about 1862, standing on
part of the old Hall estate now owned by Mr.
H. Clarke. The plant is not now in vigorous con-
dition. (Photo by E. H. Wilson) 42 feet diameter

T. canadensis, the Ground Hemlock, we have in one
or two good specimens. Strange to say, although a native
of the woods in our northern states, it is not hardy in
the open here; or rather it burns, which amounts to the
same thing. Another peculiar thing about T. canadensis is
that it makes a tolerably good specimen of flat rather vase-
like form in cultivation; while in the woods it hardly lifts

itself off the ground making travelling, where it is common,,
tedious work.

During the collecting of these notes I have endeavored, as so
often before, to discover real marks of distinction between our
various types of Yews. The difficulty has increased with the
growth into fairly good sized specimens of the seedlings raised

25

The Garden Magazine , March, 1921

As already stated, my experience with raising Yews
from seed dates from the time T. baccata Dovastoni
fruited. Plants of the fastigiate Irish Yew, the typi-
cal English Yew and both forms of Japanese cuspi-
data were growing and fruiting near by — near enough
to be crossed with each other. I have concluded
that this is what happened, and that it accounts for
much of the variation among our seedlings.

When the seedlings raised from the various types
of Yew were large enough, they were planted on an

during the last eighteen years. I
am really led to believe (what
some botanists claim) that all Yews
are but forms of one, which we will
call T. baccata. Generally the T.
baccata varieties take* on a frond-
like growth in the arrangement of
the leaves, that is, two-ranked with
the leaves straight, or nearly so. In
the typical T. cuspidata there is
less of the frond-like growth; the
leaves, at first two-ranked, curve
upward giving the twigs a rounded
form. But many seedlings of T.
baccata and T. cuspidata show very
little difference in growth, and gen-
eral habit, and no botanical terms
can define them. They have become
so mixed by growing and fruiting
together, that the seedlings have,
except in extreme cases, lost their
identity. The leaves of T. cuspidata
are by one authority said to be dis-
tinctly stalked. Seedlings from T.
baccata vary not at all from this;
nor do 1 see any marked difference
in the degree of point, or leaf tip. If
it is cuspidate in the one it is also
in the other. What 1 have noticed,
however, in gathering seeds, is that
those of T. cuspidata and T. bac-
cata are pear-shaped, and slightly
stalked, while those of T. c. brevi-
folia are stalkless and globular.
While a minor characteristic, it is
just as important as the botanically
given one; and that is not consider-
able, it seems to me.

ENGLISH YEW AT WELLESLEY

Raised from mixed hybrid seed, and
quite indistinguishable from T. cuspi-
data type in general appearance. It
has withstood the severe winters

IRISH YEW

One of the extreme forms selected from the hybrid
seedlings, which curiously enough is so far hardy

exposed piece of ground so as to
test them thoroughly. The major-
ity of the plants of English and
Irish blood did not prove reliably
hardy; they went along for ten
years without injury, but finally
there came a winter which made
between the English and Japanese
types a distinction more decided
than any botanist could. A big
majority of the T. baccata varie-
ties were injured, but probably
ten per cent, proved as hardy as
any of the T. cuspidata. The other
ninety per cent, were sent to Mr.
T. A. Havemeyer, of Long Island,
where they enjoy a more salubrious
climate, and he reports they are
doing amazingly well. We set great
store on those that remain with us,
and among them are some very
handsome specimens of English and
Irish Yews.

T. baccata Dovastoni was with-
out doubt crossed with the Irish
Yew. Nearly every plant was per-

TREE FORM OF JAPANESE YEW
Known in the trade as Taxus cuspidata capitata

26

—

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

THE MOST POPULAR FORM OF JAPANESE YEW

This is the one grown in nurseries under the name of Taxus cuspidata brevifolia and is most com-
mon because it is the most easily rooted from cuttings. It is not to be confused with the Californian
Taxus brevifolia, nor the variety of the English Yew also so-called and which is not hardy

fectly columnar. A few proved perfectly hardy. The major-
ity were sent to Long Island, and are among Mr. Havemeyer’s
most prized specimens. Among the purely English Yews there
is less variation, and they are hardly distinguishable from the
T. cuspidata type.

Most of the seedlings of T. c. brevifolia vary from the parent
plant which is about twice as broad as it is high. They usually

take on a cone shape. A few of them are pigmies, or otherwise
diminutive, and occasionally fantastic in character. Many do
not differ from seedlings of the type in general appearance; the
only notable distinction 1 can think of is that they are darker
green in color, just as the Irish Yew is darker than the English.

Some of the seedling Irish Yews went back to the typical
English, and there are some handsome intermediate forms.

ANOTHER ONE OF THE JAPANESE FORMS

Grown as Taxus cuspidata Sieboldi. A free grower broadly vasiform; dense habit; leaves
olive green, shorter, twigs thinner, than in typical cuspidata. Comes true from seed

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANTING IN THE MASS

For display of bloom in the summer garden Gladiolus in large masses of one variety
has exceptional value. The time of bloom may be extended by succession plantings

PERSONAL PREFERENCES OF A GLADIOLUS FANCIER

I. S. HENDRICKSON

Ex-President American Gladiolus Society

MgF A hundred people were asked to name their favorite
dozen of any plants for any purpose, it is almost inevita-
ble that no two lists would be alike, so much depends on
the individual taste; and in giving my choice of a dozen
Gladiolus for garden use I do not expect everyone (nor perhaps
any one) to agree with me. [It would be interesting to hear
from other fanciers of the Gladiolus in comment on this list —
Ed.] The list that follows is arrived at by the process of “elim-
ination.” There may be individual varieties that surpass in
color the variety named; but, after considering all phases to-
gether, namely, growth, health, flower, spike, etc., as well as
color, each one “elected” to the dozen will, 1 think, hold its
own.

As an example of what 1 mean, take the variety Peace. 1
know that there are better whites such as Europa and White
Lady; but where one person can successfully grow them there
are nine that cannot, whereas Peace makes a fine bulb to begin
with, then always throws a vigorous spike of very good white
flowers so that nine out of ten persons will get satisfactory results.

In “electing” this dozen 1 have asked myself what varieties
out of a collection of several hundred can be depended upon to
furnish definite color effects when used either in large-scale.

massed decoration, or more simply in the wall- or table-vase
which may hold only a single spray.

The following varieties stand out in my thought as answering
the question; and although those named are not the very latest
introductions, they hold their own in spite of recent rivals,
and most of us will, I believe, cling to them for some years to
come. They afford some very striking combinations for color
effects: Baron Hulot and Schwaben for example; or Evelyn Kirt-
land and Peace; also Pink Perfection and Peace.

America: Without question the most popular variety ever
introduced; its lovely orchid color, the lavender-pink seen in
Cattleyas, renders it ever desirable. It is the variety that
awakened widespread interest in Gladiolus back in 1906, and
the first to command a large sum ($ 4000 ) for the control of the
stock. A “ gem of the first water” and, in my opinion, to-day
unbeaten by any of its seedlings or competitors as an all-around
useful and beautiful flower.

Attraction: Has dark, rich crimson petals with a very large
and conspicuous pure white centre. It is beautiful, attractive,
and a sure producer of flowers with no other variety just filling
its place. Introduced in 1906.

27

28

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

Baron Hulot: While classed as a "blue” variety, it is really
a rich purple. When first on the market it suffered from having
too many names, being also offered as Blue Jay, and Germania.
This variety arranged with the yellow and orange shades of
“ Primulinus Hybrids” is very effective. While other so-called
blues and purples have been brought out, Baron Hulot is still
giving satisfaction where its color is wanted. If a lighter shade
is desired, Catharina is larger flowered and has all the earmarks
of a good variety.

Empress of India: One of the richest deep maroon colored
varieties, and seems to meet with popular favor everywhere. A
healthy grower and sure bloomer, the Empress continues to
hold its own.

Evelyn Kirtland: One of the best varieties ever intro-
duced having an extra long spike with large flowers well placed.
A beautiful shade of rosy-pink, darker at the edges fading to
shell-pink at the centre, brilliant scarlet blotches on the lower
petals. A glistening sheen seems to cover the whole flower,
adding to its effectiveness. No trouble to get spikes three to
four feet long.

Mrs. Frank Pendleton: Everyone is fond of this variety.
Flowers are large, well expanded, a lovely flushed salmon-pink
color with deep blood-red blotches in the throat. Very orchid-

• like in its appearance. Seems to have Lemoinei blood in the
slightly hooded form of its flowers, but has a good stem for
taking up water and so is useful for cutting. Very popular and
dependable.

Mrs. Francis King: One of the older varieties but main-

• tains its prestige as the leading light scarlet or flame-colored
variety. Spikes are long and very graceful. Fine for garden or
greenhouse.

Orange Glory: One of the best of the so-called ruffled type.
The flower is a very pleasing orange shade, and very large;
the foliage distinct and the plant perhaps the most vigorous
grower of all. Most effective either in the garden or as a cut
flower for vases.

Pink Perfection: One of the best varieties that has come to
us from Holland. The flowers are of a beautiful bright pink color
and very large. The spikes are usually crooked with the flowers
placed in an irregular way so that they are more than ordinarily
effective and useful in a decoration of any kind.

Peace: A good name and a good flower. The spike is un-
usually heavy, nearly always straight with the large flowers
correctly placed. White with pale lilac feathering on the smal-
ler petals. Always gives satisfaction.

Schwa ben : The best large flowered yellow, a delicate pale yel-
low or straw shade having a dark blotch in the centre, and really
one of the most satisfactory varieties in cultivation. Vigorous
and tall, a free bloomer and producer of bulbs. While
Sulphur King is a much deeper color, its flower is not more than
half the size.

Scribe: To me this is the best all-around variegated or
mottled variety. The large, well opened
flower on a good spike being tinted white,
freely striped carmine: a pleasing combina-
tion of colors.

Most readers of The Garden Magazine
must be familiar with the culture of Gladi-
olus, which offers little difficulty even to the
novice. Any good garden soil is suitable,
covering the bulbs from three to five inches
deep according to the nature of the soil: if
very heavy three to four inches is plenty: if
light and sandy five inches is better; some
growers plant even deeper. This enables
the bulb to take a firm footing to hold the
spike up while in bloom, although many
people prefer to stake the plants, especi-

ally if only a few bulbs are grown. Whether they are
planted in a straight row, in circles, or massed in a border,
is a matter for individual taste. If one is going to plant several
hundred Gladiolus principally for cut flowers, there is no better
way than placing them in a double row with the bulbs four
inches apart each way. This saves space and helps one to sup-
port the other. As to fertilizer, the best results seems to come
from thoroughly rotted manure incorporated well with the soil
or with a moderate amount of bone meal.

SOME twelve years ago some new aspirants for honors broke
into the Gladiolus family under the type name of Primu-
linus Hybrids and were immediately accepted as full fledged
members. Each year they have become more and more popular
because of their beautiful and dainty colors which range from
sulphur to chrome yellow, and through all the shades of orange;
now and then there is a cream or pink among them, but the
nasturtium colors predominate. Their vivid coloring and their
graceful spikes make them very artistic table or house decora-
tions.

These Hybrids have been evolved from the species G. prim-
ulinus having a small flower of primrose yellow and with a
decided “hood” effect; it was found in East Africa about 1890,
and was at once seized upon by the hybridizers.

While the Gladiolus “craze” has demanded large flowers in
the regular type, in these Hybrids a small or medium-size
flower seems to appeal. Furthermore, the bulbs are both in-
expensive and easy to grow which makes it possible for every
Gladiolus lover to have a generous stock so that, by various
plantings, a continuous supply of flowers can be had.

Some of the better ones have been selected out by the different
growers, have been given names, and are being offered in the
catalogues. Of these perhaps the most satisfactory are Alice
Tiplady, Salmon Beauty, Sunbeam, Orange Perfection, L’Un-
ique, Queen Victoria, Gold Drop.

RAISING NEW GLADIOLUS

H. S. Tillotson

■ ^ FASCINATING as plant breeding is, there is no real
1-^*4 mystery about it. An acquaintance with the plants
that one seeks to improve, a few simple tools, and
abundant patience are the only necessary equipment.
The construction of the reproductive parts of flowers differs
widely in the various families; some are very complex, others
simple and easily distinguished. In the latter class is the
Gladiolus, which with its wide range of colors and types offers
exceptional opportunities to the amateur plant breeder. The
construction of this flower is shown in the accompanying
diagram. Note the three-parted stigma surmounting the
pistil, and the three anthers at the tops of the stamens.

A careful consideration of the merits of the varieties to be
crossed is, of course, important. It is de-
sirable to have several plants of each of
the selected varieties, in order to give some
latitude in the choice of suitable flowers.

When a vigorous bud of the variety se-
lected as the seed bearer is about ready to
open its first petal, carefully remove (with
the aid of sharp scissors) all the petals,
except the uppermost one, which has been
found useful in protecting the stigma from
injury after a flower has been prepared
for crossing. (The removal of the petals,
it may be noted, is not absolutely neces-
sary but it facilitates the operation.)

The next step, called emasculation, is
accomplished by the removal of the three

Directly above are shown the
various parts of the Gladiolus
flower; top right, the flower after
removal of the stamens etc.
ready for the pollen; lower right, the seed
pod which follows successful pollination

29

rv

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

I anthers, or pollen-bearing organs, by means of tweezers.
The remainder of the flower is then loosely, but completely
covered to avoid undesirable pollination by insects. For this
covering, waxed paper, held in place by tying around the
stem, will be found very satisfactory. This process may be
repeated as each flower on the spike reaches the proper stage,
and in about twenty-four hours after preparation the stigma
i will be ready to receive pollen from the variety that has been
| selected for the staminate parent.

A magnifying glass will aid in determining when the powdery
pollen grains are ready to be transferred to the stigma of the
I prepared flower. This is done by removing the anthers by
means of tweezers, placing them in a saucer which is then
carried to the prepared flower from which the covering has been
removed, and the anthers, held between the tweezer points,
j gently rubbed on the stigma. Some plant breeders use a camel’s
I hair brush or a flattened pin set in a wooden handle in trans-
| ferring the pollen.

The treated flower is then covered with the waxed paper
i and thus left for a few days. If successful pollination has
| taken place, the seed pod will gradually develop. When it
j reaches a length of about one inch, and the pod has become more
or less dried, it will require careful watching so as to avoid
| loss of the seeds which may occur if the pod is left on the plant
I after ripening.

When the seeds are removed from the pods they may be
I placed in a bottle of sand till early spring and then planted in
j sandy soil, or they may be planted immediately in a pot of rich
1 sandy loam and placed in a sunny window.

Until the appearance of the tiny seedlings, it is well to cover
] the pot with a small pane of glass, in order to keep a uniform
I moisture. Placing the pot within another that is slightly
f larger, and packing the intervening space with wet moss, will
j also aid in conserving moisture.

In the spring, when danger from frost is past, sink the pot
to its rim in the garden soil and let the young seedlings develop
j their small bulbs during the balance of the warm season. One

HOW THE “BULB” INCREASES

In addition to the renewal bulb a host of "cormels”
are found. These will grow into flowering “bulbs”

I great advantage of this method is that it provides a long grow-
ing period and results in stronger bulbs by the end of the first
I season.

After removing and drying these small bulbs, which will
■ range in size up to that of a chestnut, they may be placed in

GLADIOLUS FOR DECORATION

The admixture of some graceful foliage is quite admissible in the decorative use
of the somewhat rigid spikes. (Adlumia foliage with Gladiolus Rochester)

paper bags, carefully labeled, and stored in a cool, dry place till
the next spring, when they are planted as other bulbs.

If the soil is good and conditions are favorable, many of the
bulbs will produce flowers during this second season, while some
may require another season to reach the blooming stage.

Of course, all the flowers will not measure up to the ideals
set by the breeder, though a number may be well worth culti-
vating or improving. The first flowers do not usually express
the highest development of the variety, and still another
season’s growth may be necessary to determine ultimate results.

When removing the bulbs from the ground, carefully preserve
every small bulblet that has developed at the base of the
“mother” bulb, as these, planted the following season, re-
produce the variety from which they are taken.

The first requisite in plant breeding is, as aforesaid, unlimited
patience and a capacity to accept disappointment philosophi-
cally; but when one has actually experienced the pleasure of
rewarded watching for the seedling blooms, the long period of
waiting seems amply justified.

“POTTING” EXPLAINED

P. B. PRIOR

| ANY people entertain the idea that so long as the plant
is put into a pot with plenty of room it ought to grow.
This is a great mistake, for, without a doubt, there are
more failures and disappointments caused by overpot-
ting than by anything else, more particularly with fresh-rooted
cuttings. Few would-be-gardeners seem to know how to per-
form the operation of potting successfully so perhaps the sug-
gested precautionary measures will not come amiss.

Selection of Pots. In the first place, the pot must be per-
fectly clean ; never use a pot a second time without having washed
it thoroughly inside and out, giving most attention to the
inside. The method 1 recommend
is to have a receptacle for empty
pots, where they can be left for a
time to sweeten. After they have
had a rest carefully wash and dry
them, and stack away ready for use.

If this is properly and promptly
done, you will always have pots
ready to hand when required. Pots
newly from the store should be
thoroughly soaked, or left out in
the rain. This will obliterate fire
and sulphur fumes which they often
contain, and which are detrimental
to plant life; but in all cases be
sure that the pots are dry before
using.

Drainage. The next and all-
important matter is the drainage;
this must be perfect, and the ama-
teur cannot be too particular in
his preparation. The mere plac-
ing of a piece of crock in the
pot to “ keep the soil from going
through,” as some express it, is
of no use and indeed often does
more harm than good.

See that your pot is sound, thoroughly sweet and clean, as
before explained. Also have a supply of broken crocks equally
sweet and clean. Do not assume that anything will do, for a
tainted piece of old crock will contaminate the whole of the soil,
and affect the well-being of the plant. Do not throw a few
shards (pieces of broken pots) into the pot without care as to
how they lie; they may go in right, but nine cases out of ten
they will go in wrong side up and work injury rather than
otherwise. These pieces of crock are placed for a definite
purpose, i. e. to run off all surplus water so that none will stay
in the pot to sour the soil. Obviously, therefore, too much care
cannot be taken to see that they are placed with the round side
up, so that there is a clear run for all waste water. On top of
them place a little rough loam mixed with fibre and well-rotted
grass roots and a few bits of charcoal. The latter will help to
keep the soil sweet, and the fibre will supply the young roots
with food and materially help along the growth of the
plant.

Soil. The soil that is ideal for a plant will vary at different
stages of the plant’s growth. For young plants and rooted
cuttings fresh from seed beds and cutting pans, very good re-
sults have been obtained from one part of good yellow loam, as

DON'T DROWN YOU R PLANT!

When potting remember that the roots need
air and invert the shards so that the water will
run off; a little fibre or moss before the soil is
put in will complete this simple but effective
drainage system

full of fibre as possible; one part coarse, sharp sand (get it as
coarse as possible and wash thoroughly before using); one part
well decayed cow manure, and one part leaf mold; add to this a
little powdered charcoal and mix all well together, you will then
have a compost that will suit almost any plant in the first stage
of growth. The washing of sand is done thus: place the sand
in a tub with plenty of water, stir up well and, when settled,
pour off, and add fresh water till all impurities are removed.
I his is a matter that will abundantly repay for the trouble.
Avoid artificial manures in the early stages of growth; they are
not required till plants are near their blooming period, and
even then had best be used with care. Remember only strong

plants can take strong foods.

Judgment is required as to
the depth of soil needed by the
baby plant. This can be regulated
by the quantity of soil put in the
pot before placing the plant. Hav-
ing decided what amount is needed
put the plant in position, taking
care that the young roots are not
cramped up, or in a bunch, but
spread out broadly; now fill in with
earth and gently press down all
around, leaving sufficient space on
top for watering — many potters
forget this! The whole process is
now complete. As a test that the
work has been properly done, turn
the pot up and gently tap the rim
on the bench, and if the contents
come out firm and solid you may
rest assured that your potting
all right; if not, then do it
again.

is
over

of the Pot. At this
a gardener makes

The Size

point many a gardener makes a
mistake. You cannot have the
pot too small for fresh-struck cut-
tings. A three-inch pot is large enough for almost any
young plant or seedling, and will give it all the nourishment it
requires. Let the plant remain in this sized pot till it is well
filled with roots (which can be ascertained by tapping it out,
and examining the growth). This is one of the advantages of
doing the work well. It is just as bad to overpot a young
plant as to overfeed a child; if the plant cannot use all the soil
that which is left goes sour. Another result is that the roots will
invariably spread toward the side of the pot, and instead of
making a good, firm ball of roots, they sprawl through the soil,
becoming sickly and weak; and the first time they get dry, are
done for on account of their lack of substance. When the pots
become full of roots, shift into larger sizes, one size at a time,
until you reach the size of pot in which you intend the plants to
bloom.

With regard to the watering of freshly potted plants opinions
vary, but I find the best method is to let them stand for an hour
or two before watering, then give what is needful. Avoid
watering late in the day, as there is then not time for the plants
to drain before night, and they feel the cold so much more wet
than when dry. Do not make the compost too moist. Use
only sufficient water to make it damp enough to cling together
when pressed into the pots.

30

SUCCESSFUL PLANTING
WITH

REALLY HARDY PLANTS

W. T. COWPERTH WAITE

Landscape Architect, Minnesota

What Will Endure the Hot Summer and Extreme Cold of the North
Central Region Where the Outdoor Garden Season is of Short Dura-
tion?— Local Lessons in Hardiness that can be Applied Generally

B DIFFERENCES and extremes of rain fall and tempera-
I ture are prime factors in deciding the adaptability of
| particular plant material to a given section. This is
2 of course perfectly obvious to anyone, and it is a natural
deduction that those plants which can endure the most trying
conditions are also the reliable material for gardens in general
or for people who want easy results.

Within the tributaries of the upper Mississippi and eastern
Missouri river system (which includes large sections of northern
Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and the eastern part of the two
Dakotas) exists a territory where many plants are put to the
supreme test. Certain conditions of soil, temperature, and rain-
fall divide this region from other sections in sister states. These
differences of climate are, of course, but gradual changes with
considerable variation even within the section. A considera-
tion of the range of rainfall and of temperature in the North
Central states will at once make apparent one reason for the
gardening peculiarity of the region. In Minnesota the average

annual precipitation is roughly about 24"; for northern Iowa,.
30"; for North Dakota, 20"; and for Wisconsin 30". Compare
these averages with the 48" average for Rhode Island; the 40"
average for Missouri and the 41" average estimated for the
section about Philadelphia!

A comparison of the mean average of temperatures is likewise
enlightening. At Des Moines, Iowa, an average temperature
of 40° has been estimated while 430 is given for Wisconsin, with
about 370 for Minnesota. The same authority gives 520 for
Philadelphia and 530 for the state of Indiana. These are
marked differences but alone do not tell the story of the great
range of temperatures in the North Central areas, a character-
istic that is most decisive in determining plant hardiness.
Thirty and even forty degrees below zero is not unknown in St.
Paul, Minn., although it is hardly a yearly expectation, and hot
summer days may occasionally register close to ioo°. This
means a range of temperature of some 1250 from coldest winter
to warmest summer. Then the transition from winter to spring

A SUCCESSFUL BIT OF NORTH CENTRAL REGION PLANTING

That might well be duplicated elsewhere. Nasturtium draping down from above, and Engelmann's Creeper climbing up
from below, between them pretty well occupy the surface of the retaining wall, whose base is quite hidden by a border of
Phlox, Iris, and other hardy plants. (For full planting scheme of these grounds see illustration on following page)

3i

32

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

is very rapid. Sometimes, almost summer temperatures are
experienced in early spring, while frost is still in the ground.
Is it surprising that only the hardiest of plants can adapt them-
selves to such conditions?

This great variability is more vividly illustrated in an author-
itative report of Wisconsin climatic changes which informs us

Eastern states are not generally found with us, excepting as
associated with the larger residences of the towns and cities.
Landscape art is still in its infancy here. The desire for
landscape improvements, for attractive home grounds, park
and general civic beautification is now being felt as something
quite worth while, and within a few years, the well arranged

BEFORE

Nature had a chance
to lend a hand and
while man was still
struggling with the
problems of. ‘con-
struction. The ab-
rupt slope necessi-
tated terracing with
retaining walls of
stone to bring the
pedestrian comfort-
ably up and down

AFTER

The second summer
of planting, green
draperies completely
transform the once
barren hillside. Ma-
trimony vine and
Virginia Creeper
seem literally cascad-
ing over the retain-
ing walls completely
obliterating their
former harshness of
aspect

that the southern part of that state has a summer temperature
similar to central France, southern Germany, and the Danube
Valley; while northern Wisconsin summers are similar to those
of London or Berlin and the winter temperature of the state
like that of Sweden and central Russia. Small wonder then,
that many plant forms so common to the more moderate
and less variable climate of the Central and Atlantic states will
not prove satisfactory in the North Central region.

Plants that do well here must mature early, to be prepared
for the early freezing temperatures and the severe winter.
Winters are long, cold, and bright, with often but little snow for
root protection. Plants with very early spring bloom, such as
Forsythia, Cydonia, and Spiraea Thunbergii, seldom have
flower buds left uninjured. On one occasion, the writer
remembers a two inch snowfall in St. Paul, on May 20th.
Killing frosts by late September are quite common.

Highly developed ornamental horticulture and elaborate
landscape gardening such as one takes for granted in the older

and attractively improved yard and park land will be the
rule rather than the exception even in our smallest towns.

IN MATTERS of landscape design and its application to
our problems and conditions, we of the North Central states
claim no special originality and certainly no peculiarity. Most
of our landscape work is similar to that done elsewhere, and
follows the general principles of good taste and approved design.
Conditions of living are not so different, but house construction
in a generally colder climate will not feature open courts nor
porches to any extent. Like omission of many features common
to the grounds of a warmer climate, such as extensive pergolas,
garden shelters, rose arbors, swimming pools, etc., will be
noticed. Emphasis of such construction would be quite un-
suited to our needs and uses. Our aim is to get practical effects
in the simplest and most direct manner. Because of the limita-
tion of the climate and a shortened period for summer use of the
ground, this simplification in design and treatment is most

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

33

WHERE THE GREENHOUSE
IS A FEATURE

The interest of the general scheme
is enhanced by such a placing of a
greenhouse which also furnishes a
generous highlight amid the
banked greens. Foxgloves and
Peonies, Pansies and Sweet Wil-
liams are blooming as gaily as
though the severe winter of the
North Central Region were a
thing unknown

as well as the Golden Willow’s bright yellow twig, make then
desirable, and they are widely used. Highbush Cranberry or
other Viburnums, Mountain Ash, Japanese Barberry, Buck-
thorn, Snowberries, and native Crataegus are planted exten-
sively with a thought to their attractive fruiting display after
the leaves have fallen.

HARDY shrubs, with color addition through suitable herba-
ceous perennials, form the frame-work of our gardens.
Because of the short summer season, less emphasis is given in
general to formal gardens, or special flower garden areas and
displays, which would require unusual attention or the use of a
large list of annual plants. The average home owner does not
feel that the labor and expense involved in such intensive work
is worth while when an early September frost is quite likely.
However, shrubs of attractive appearance and proven hardiness
are available in many varieties so diversified as to growth
and bloom as to fill any requirement. For general use, the
Lilacs, Spiraeas, Cornus sibirica, Elderberry, Japanese Barberry,
Snowberry, Bush-honeysuckles, Hydrangeas, Siberian Pea-
tree, Mockorange, Buckthorn and Viburnums are hardy and
thrifty growers. Not suitable without special protection are
Forsythias, Weigelas, Deutzia, Privet, and Japan Quince. Our
perennial list too, is quite ample, with special attention to
Peonies, Iris, Phlox, Gaillardia, Delphinium, Aquilegia, Shasta
Daisy, Pyrethrum, Hardy Asters, and similar sorts. Fall
Anemones seldom bloom before frost stops their growth, nor
does Foxglove winter successfully.

Those who consider no garden complete without Roses will
find them here. In general, our soil is well suited to their
growth, having enough sand to make it warm in summer and to
give good drainage in winter. As to varieties, we seldom use
the Tea type. Our seasons are too short for them to make the
development needed before freezing weather and a quick change
from autumn to winter finds them too succulent and tender.

appropriate. Although our variable and severe climate imposes
certain restrictions in the choice of plants, very pleasing and
complete improvements are quite possible. The photographic
illustrations given here are typical of what is being done and
convince one that the Northern garden can possess individual
charm and beauty.

The great secret of planting is to use plants of proven hardi-
ness, and these we have in sufficient types and numbers to
give all desired effects. However, one should be very careful in
selecting stock at random from an Eastern or Southern nursery-
man’s catalogue for planting here, unless he does not mind
swathing his shrubs in burlap or boxing them in with straw as
winter approaches, for he is quite liable to get plants that will
be very tender. Such plants as are suitable and hardy grow
and flower with great profusion and energy.

FOR street and shade tree plantings, the American Elm,
Basswood, Hackberry, White Ash and the Maples are
suitable — a list not so different from that employed elsewhere.
The White, Pin, and Scarlet Oaks are also generally used.
However, our trees do not seem to reach as large sizes and
heights as when planted under milder climatic influences. A
60 ft. Elm is thought to be a good-sized tree here while the
growth in the Eastern Atlantic states is frequently 90 ft. to
100 ft. This comparison seems to run through most of the
species with varying differences in amounts. For smaller lawn
and decorative trees, we use the Mountain Ash, White Birch,
Catalpa (w'here protected) and Flowering Crab instead of showy
Magnolias, Japanese Maples, Horse Chestnuts, etc., which
are better adapted to the East and South.

With the prolonged wrinter season, the appearance of the
garden from October to May needs special consideration.
Evergreens, because of their year-round foliage are used exten-
sively to give winter cheer as well as to protect the enclosure
from wind and cold. Native White Spruce, Firs, Pines, Arbor-
vitaes and Cedars we have
in abundance. The Blue
Spruce is perfectly hardy
and is desirable for its light
color note, contrasting well
with the darker foliaged
Evergreens. When smaller
growing varieties are de-
sired, the dwarf Mugho
Pines, Sabin Juniper and
Canadian Yew are avail-
able. Broad-leaved Ever-
greens, such as Rhododen-
drons, Azaleas, Boxwood,

Kalmia, etc., are not hardy,
nor are they adapted to our
limestone soils.

In plantings for w'inter
effect, the thoughtful de-
signer also selects deciduous
plants w'hose winter appear-
ance of bark and fruit is
decorative. The red and
yellow stems of Cornus sibi-
rica and aurea respectively,

34

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

The hardier types of Hybrid Teas and all the Hybrid Per-
petuals do well. The writer remembers one stem from a
Gruss an Teplitz brought into the office from Duluth which was
five feet long and had six perfect blooms. Winter protection,
however, is necessary. For this, the more tender varieties and
all climbers are laid prone on the ground and covered with dry
straw, topped with building or tar paper to keep out the mois-
ture. The Rugosa type of Rose seems well adapted to our
climate, and needs no protection.

AMONG fruits the Apple is the most widely cultivated of the
l larger kinds. Varieties of the Eastern states which were
introduced by early settlers were not found successful and for a
time it was thought impossible to raise the fruit under our con-
ditions of hot, dry summer and cold, variable winters. Pure
Russian type Apples were also tried but found generally a
failure. Success finally came in building up by selection
of seedlings a type suited to the soil and climate. The Wealthy,
Northwestern Greening, Wolf River and Malinda are examples
of varieties now of importance.

Plums of the Americana group which are native and Hy-
brids of these are the only sorts found satisfactory.
Pears either winter-kill or blight. Cherries are of but small
importance as the fruit buds generally winter-kill although
they are raised with some success in the more temperate parts
of our section. Blackberries, Raspberries (especially red),
Currants, Gooseberries and Strawberries are planted exten-
sively and do well excepting far north and west. The common
Eastern Grapes are only valuable when protected.

THE glory of the North Central gardens is their abundance
of spring bloom, especially appreciated and enjoyed after
our long winter. The warm spring days come upon us suddenly,
beginning about April 1 5th and all the riot of spring color seems
to surge from out the awakening earth in one continuous wave.
The contrast with the snow and ice of March is marked, making
the fresh green foliage, and colorful blossoms of spring doubly

welcome. The Scillas, Snowdrops, and Crocus first show color,
which at the end of April is augmented by Narcissus and
Early Single Tulips. About the 10th of May, Plum, Cherry
and Apple blossoms are open and such shrubs as Flowering
Currant, Caragana, Spiraea arguta, Juneberry, Lilacs and Bush
Honeysuckles are in bloom. The early perennials are now
giving their color notes close to the ground, Hepatica, Blood-
Root, Dutchman’s Breeches, Swamp Marigolds, Bleeding-hearts,
Violets, Alyssum saxatile. Golden Seal, and Columbines being
among the most showy.

Phlox subulata, Arabis alpina, Lily-of-the-Valley, Candy-
tuft, Trollius, Dwarf Iris, Perennial Flax all closely follow these
and are showing well by the last of May. At that time —
about Decoration Day — our most widely used and most
generally satisfactory shrub, Spiraea Vanhouttei, is usually in
full bloom — its great cascade of white flowers being the domin-
ant note in any shrub planting. The forepart of June brings in
Snowball (Viburnum) blooms, Rosa rugosa and early varieties
of Peonies. A great number of perennials are now adding
their share of color, chiefly German Iris, Poppies, Forget-me-
nots, Aconitum, Feverfew, Alaska Daisy, Anchusa, Day Lilies,
Centaurea, Lupines, Columbines, and the Darwin Tulips. By
the end of June Gaillardia, Peonies, Delphinium, Coreopsis,
Sweet William, Canterbury-bells, Siberian Iris, and Miss
Lingard Phlox are in bloom. Contemporaneously with these.
Spiraea Anthony Waterer, Weigelas, Mock-orange, Japanese
Lilac, and Potentilla are adding extra color bloom to the shrub
borders. The month of July brings into bloom practically all
but the true fall flowers and spring’s flower procession is ended
by a great display of garden Roses, Hydrangeas, Larkspur,
Phlox, and Hollyhocks.

The woodland beauties of our autumn season we hardly
care to divide with any section. Generally there is sufficient
September rainfall to hold the vegetation until touched by
frost. This seems to result in fall coloration of foliage that can
scarcely be surpassed. To the winter landscape Cornus Amo-
mum (Kinnikinnik the Indians call it) gives continuous color.

OLD FRIENDS ARE THE BEST FRIENDS

The dependable “stand bys” of planting everywhere throughout the temperate zone
are again doing duty here in the North Central Region — Peonies, Sweet William, Lark-
spur, Columbine — shielded by Blue Spruce, Silver Birch and other familiar trees

AN IDEAL SEED ORDER FOR A HALF ACRE

VEGETABLE GARDEN

ADOLPH KRUHM

BHAT shall I plant on that half acre patch so that it will
give me the greatest returns on my investment in labor,
soil, and seeds?” This ever recurring question never
grows old, and can never be answered twice in the
same way because so many factors enter into the proper solu-
tion of each individual’s problem. In answering it for several
thousand readers of The Garden Magazine, 1 am largely
governed by the law of averages in likes and dislikes of specific
vegetables; also 1 am assuming that fairly normal soil and
weather conditions prevail.

In appraising likes and dislikes, I want to go on record as
believing that the last ten years have seen a complete readjust-
ment of ideas regarding the value and usefulness of certain
vegetables. Ten years ago, Lettuce was looked upon merely
as a garnishing for salads and to make dishes look pretty.
To-day we know that it brings to our table an element more
necessary to our physical welfare than either protein, fat, or
carbohydrates, in that it supplies us with the essential vitamines.
The same may be said of Tomatoes and Summer Squash, two
utterly unrelated vegetable crops, yet carrying the same
beneficial elements so important to the human system.

The Factors That Really Govern

QOME vegetables will not thrive in cool soil and seasons,
no matter what is done to encourage them; others will not
do well with the arrival of warm days, no matter how good the

IT soil nor how thorough the culture; still others will just take their
own time about getting ready, regardless of soil, season,
weather or anything — so there you are! The crux of the situa-
tion is a correct understanding of the different vegetables as
individuals that are governed just as much by likes and dislikes,
environment, heredity, etc. as human plants!

Consequently, make up your mind what you want and when
you want it and then study if the thing can be done! For
instance, no matter what you do or plant, you cannot hope to
gather a fine crop of Peas in this country during the month of
August. Peas are distinctly a cool season crop, so do not waste
soil, time, and seeds attempting the impossible. Analyzing
vegetables, as classes, in that light, we have:

A — The Short Season, Cool Season Crops
B — The Quick Growing, All Season Crops
C — The Slow Growing, Long Season Crops
D — The All Season Crops (of Minor Importance)

Personal dislikes, or lack of space, or lesser usefulness will,
in nine cases out of ten, cause Egg Plants, Peppers, Melons and
Pumpkins as well as Parsnips and Salsify to be classed in group
D. Unless you positively prefer them to vegetables more im-
portant from a nutritive standpoint, and unless you have the
correct soil and climatic conditions, waste no time on them
within the limitations of half an acre. The possible exception to
this is the Pepper of which a few dozen plants will provide an
abundance of fruits useful for seasoning or stuffing.

It is, I believe, the ambition of every gardener to have an
abundance of green peas just as long as the season permits —
hence these suggestions: — sow a liberal quantity of Early Sur-
prise or any other Smooth Pea as soon as the ground can be
dug and raked. About May first, in the latitude of New York,
sow Little Marvel, Thomas Laxton, and Potlach, maturing
respectively in 60, 70, and 85 days. To fill the gap between the
two early kinds and Potlach make a second sowing of both
Little Marvel and Thomas Laxton a week after the first planting
— both at the same time.

The Quick Growing All Season Crops, Class B

TWO possibilities are here offered : — ( 1 ) they may be planted
in a large number of varieties becoming ready in succes-
sion; or (2) successive plantings of one sort may be made. In
the case of Beets, Carrots, Kohlrabi and Summer Squash
successive sowings of a limited number of varieties or even of
one and the same kind is perfectly satisfactory. Beans, Corn,
Lettuce, and Radishes will require at least several varieties;
in the case of Lettuce and Radishes as many varieties as are
demanded by the length of the season during which you wish to
enjoy them. Radishes and Lettuce varieties that thrive in
June are utterly useless during July, and those that do well in
July will fail utterly during August. In the recommendations
of specific varieties named below, you will find guiding notes
that will help solve this problem.

The Slow Growing Long Season Crops, Class C

THERE is really no problem at all with the long season
crops since the seeds must be started early in the spring
or they will not yield any crops. The exception to this we find
in the Cabbage family embracing Brussels-sprouts, Cauli-
flower, Kale, and common Cabbage, all of which may be grown
either as an early spring or late fall crop. With Onions it is
best to sow one kind for early use, one for the principal supply,
and one of superior keeping quality. Tomatoes are best
grown in several kinds, maturing in succession. Thus, when
Bonny Best becomes exhausted, Globe is at its best; and when
Globe reaches the zenith of its usefulness Stone and Matchless
save the day. Swiss Chard and New Zealand Spinach continue
the supply of greens when Spinach and Mustard go on a strike
because of hot weather.

The Desirable Varieties

HERE is a list of varieties suggested in quantities (on a basis
of five people’s needs) that will help solve the problem of
perfectly working the half acre garden. There are, of course,
other varieties that will give equal results as to time, etc., and
the list may be changed, provided the substitutes are made by
varieties of the same type. Your seedsman will help here.

The Short Season Crops of Class A

THESE embrace the vegetables of which complete sowings
should be made of varieties maturing in rapid succession or
repeated sowings of kinds becoming ready quickly. Peas,
Spinach, Mustard, and Endive will not do their best after the
thermometer begins to register 750 to 8o° between 1 1 a. m.
and 3 p. m. To get the most out of Spinach, Mustard and Endive,
sow them frequently in quantities just large enough to meet
your needs. All three make delicious greens either separately
or mixed.

Peas

4 lbs. Early Surprise — for extra early
4 lbs. Little Marvel
4 lbs. Thomas Laxton
4 lbs. Potlach

For |

succession

Sow again
a week apart.

Spinach and Greens

£ lb. Long Season Triumph
1 oz. Mustard, Broad Leaved
1 oz. Endive, Giant Green Curled

1 oz. Swiss Chard Lucuilus ) The reliable “cut and come again’

2 oz. New Zealand Spinach j stand-bys.

35

36

The Garden Magazine, March, 1

Beets

1 oz. Crosby’s Egyptian

2 oz. Detroit Dark Red
i oz. Early Model

Kohlrabi

\ oz. Early White Vienna
Beans

i lb. Bountiful*

1 lb. Giant Stringless

2 lbs. Sure Crop Wax*

1 lb. Brittle Wax

2 lbs. Fordhook Bush Lima*

2 lbs. Early Giant Bush Lima

1 lb. Green Skinned Pole Lima
Corn

2 lbs. Golden Bantam
i lb. White Aristocrat
i lb. Howling Mob
i lb. Country Gentleman

Lettuce

^ oz. Black Seeded Simpson
£ oz. Allheart Butterhead*

£ oz. California Cream Butter
\ oz. Iceberg
\ oz. Crisp-as-Ice*

§oz. Kingsholm Cos Lettuce

Use for repeat work.

Mature

in

succession

*Use these three
for succession
sowing

Mature

in

succession

Use for

succession sowings

Mature in succession
from

early in June till
early August

*Use
again
in fall

Radishes

h oz. Sparkler ) , .

. oz. Scarlet Globe \ for sPnn§ use on’y
i oz. Icicle — good throughout June
i oz. White Strasburg — Sow until May 15th

1 pkt. Rd. Black Spanish Winter. Sow after July 1st
Summer Squash,-.

2 oz. Cocozel’ good all summer

Cabbage

1 pkt each: Market, Allhead E/jrly, for early: Danish

Roundhead',

Brussels Sprouts *-

1 pkt. Danish Prize, fin te
Cauliflower

1 pkt. Early Snowball, for early and late
Kale

1 oz. Dwarf Siberian for early and late ,

Onions u

h oz. White Port for early. 1 oz. Yellow Globe Danvers, fox

midseason. \ Red Wethersfield, for late. \ oz. Australian

Browm for ver
Tomatoes
1 pkt. each

Bonny Best, Globe, one, Matchless. Perfect succession
Carrots

1 oz. Chantenay ) Mature in

1 oz. Danvers Hall • $ succession

BERRIES ACCORDING TO YOUR NEEDS

L. R. HARTILL

Head, Dept, of Horticulture, N. Y. State Institute of Applied Agriculture

Planting the Mixed Patch to Take Advantage of Soil Conditions as They Are

PARTICULAR type of soil is essential for the success-
ful growing of small fruits. In fact, the fruit or vege-
Jgjnj '%| table plant that does demand a particular type of
111 I, |i|! I; soil is the exception rather than the rule, and small
fruits can be grown successfully in any of the various types of
garden soils so long as they are sufficiently deep and are put in
proper shape. The important thing is to handle each type
of soil in accordance with its requirements.

Small fruits are very intolerant of a wet soil, and yet quickly
suffer from drought, especially at the time of ripening; so that a
soil well drained and yet retentive of moisture is the ideal. A
deep sandy loam, or a clay loam that is deep and not too heavy,
with plenty of organic matter in its makeup, best fills these
conditions. Avoid heavy clays or poorly drained soils, and
avoid equally soils that are excessively drained. A dry or hot
exposure, such as the side of a hill sloping toward the south, is
hardly desirable, even though the soil be good. And always
remember that the cooler the spot where the small fruits are
growing the larger and finer the fruit.

It pays to be thorough in the preparation of the soil previous
to setting out the fruit on the principle of a “stitch in time
saves nine.” A suitable preparation under average conditions

would be as follows: spread the land with stable manure at
the rate of at least 1 5 tons to the acre which is, roughly, 1 ton to a
plot 100 x 25 ft. Plow under the manure early in the spring.
If the soil is acid apply lime. Work up the soil thoroughly and
it is then ready for the berry plants.

If the soil is lacking in organic matter, or if it be weedy, it
would be worth while to wait a year before setting out the plants
and in the meantime grow cover crops to turn under. Soy-
beans may be sown about the middle of May and plowed under
about September first. Follow by a sowing of Rye; plow this
under the next spring and then put in the berry plants. The
organic matter supplied by the manure and the cover crops will
prove a constant source of plant food, will make the soil more
retentive of moisture, more friable and easily worked; also a
lot of weeds will have been eliminated. In any piece of ground
there may be slight variations of conditions and when planting
a patch of small fruits advantage may be taken of this.

Gooseberries and Currants have very shallow and small root
systems and, therefore, to a greater degree than most of our
cultivated fruits require a moist soil and a cool location. Straw-
berries are adapted to an especially wide range of soils but the
lighter soils favor early ripening, the heavy soils late ripening;

e Garden Magazine, March, 1921

37

'y dry soils,
system for
~an be grown
the matted row
*use. of this factor of

U:

also can endure drought or a relatively dry location better
tiictn Raspberries or Blackberries. Blackberries are more
susceptible to drought than Raspberries; Dewberries less so.
Currants will thrive in considerable shade and so are often
grown among the fruit trees of the orchard.

The dryer the soil the further apart the plan should be,
inasmuch as each plant removes moisture from > soil in much
the same way as might a pump. In c^
the hill system is preferable to the •

Strawberries. Much larger and fine
with the hill system of planting th
system unless on ideal soil. Chiefly
moisture, the same principle applies .o the growing of Rasp-
berries, Blackberries, etc. On the dryer soils plant in hills and
permit only a few plants to the hill. On soils more retentive of
noisture planting may be in rows;
ut to secure the largest fruit always
' lant in hills.

Obviously, the “everbearing” va-
rieties of berries shouL be given the
best location as regards coolness and
moisture supply, because fruit is ex-
pected late in the season when the
soil is ordinarily at its dryest. It is
unreasonable to expert a crop of
Raspberries during hr Ly period of
the season, unless the soil is retentive
of moisture, or some irrigation system
is installed; but heavv mulching will
do much to offset adverse conditions.

Can any one estimate how many
potential tons of small fruits, and
how much potential annual growth of
shrubbery are simply not gained every
year as a result of burning the raked-

PRODUCTION TABLE

Fair Yield In Quarts

r,- d Of Fruit

Per Acre

Per 100 x 25 Ft.

)j aspberries .

2,500

150

tckberries

3,000

190

rawberries

3,000

190

ants

4,000

250

ooseberries .

8,000

500

Number

of Plants to Area

1 tance Apart of

Number

of Plants

Per Acre 209

Per

..ants in Feet

x 209 Ft.

100 x 25 Ft.

3X2

7,260

450

3x3

4,840

300

4X2

5.443

340

4x4

2,723

170

5x3

2,901

180

5x4 ....

2,178

'35

5x5

'.743

109

up leaves each autumn, instead of using them for a mulch?
Oh, the pity of it!

The advantage of the “everbearing” Strawberry is not that it
produces fruit from early in the summer until late in the autumn,
but that it provides a means of securing fruit late in the season
after the ordinary kinds have passed out. Put reliance on the
old, ordinary kinds for the early and midseason fruit, as they
produce the bigger and better crops at these times; and a late
crop of any considerable quantity will not be obtained from
the everbearers if they are permitted to fruit early in the
season.

The secret of management lies in removing the blossoms every
week or ten days until midsummer. The Strawberry requires a
plentiful supply of moisture particularly at fruiting time.
So it follows that everbearing varieties should be given prefer-
ence as to soil, inasmuch as they
ripen fruit during the dry time of the
year. The proportionate plantings
of the berry patch will vary with in-
dividuals but, whatever these re-
quirements may be, a scheme of se-
lection to meet needs may be easily
worked out from the following tabu-
lations. As regards the varieties
that are named in these presentations,
old standard kinds are taken for pur-
poses of illustration only and it is not
intended to suggest that they are
therefore superior to the newer kinds;
for example in referring to Everbear-
ing Raspberries St. Regis is taken as
a type, but modern introductions
such as La France excel it in size
of berry and possibly in other
spects too.

re-

TYPICAL COMPARISON OF QUALITIES IN SMALL FRUIT VARIETIES

Red Currants

VARIETY

QUALITY

SIZE OF FRUIT

PRODUCTIVITY

SEASON

Cherry

Fay

Perfection
Red Cross
Wilder

Good
Good
Very good
Good

Good, mild

Medium to large
Medium to large
Large

Fairly large
Large

Moderately
Not very
Productive
Productive
Productive

Midseason
Midseason
M idseason
Midseason
Late and long

White Currants

White Imperial
White Grape

Good, mild
Fair

. Medium
Medium to large

Productive

Productive

Midseason

Midseason

Purple Cane Raspberries

Cumberland

Schaffer

Good

Good

Large

Large

Very productive
Very productive

Late

Late

Black Raspberries

Cumberland

Good

Very large

Very productive

Late

Gregg

Very good

Large

Fairly productive

Midseason

Kansas

Verv good

Large

Productive

Early

Davison

Very good
Very, sweet

Large

Rather lacking

Very early especially
desirable for the
home garden.

Strawberries

Columbia

Good or
very good
Good

Large

Imperfect

Late 1

Chesapeake

Large

Perfect

Late 2

Dunlap

Very good

Medium

Perfect

M idseason 3

Marshall

Flighest

Large

Perfect

Early to mid-season!4

New York

Very good

Large

Perfect

Midseason 6

Progressive

Good

Small

Perfect

An everbearing
variety

American Red Raspberries

VARIETY

QUALITY

SIZE

PRODUCTIVITY

SEASON

HARDINESS

Cuthbert
Herbert
June
Marlboro
Golden Queen
St. Regis

Fair

Good

Good

Good

Fair

Good

Fairly large
Large
Large
Very large
Fairly large
Fairly large

Productive

Productive

Productive

Very productive

Productive

Productive

Long and late
Late

Very early

Early

Late

Everbearing

Fair

Good

Very

Very

Fair

Good

European Red Raspberries

All summer
Clark
La France

Very good
Very good
Very good

Large
Large
Very large

Productive

Productive

Productive

Medium to late
Medium
Early to late

Hardy

Hardy

Blackberries

Agawam

Briton

Eldorado

Erie

Mersereau

Good
Very good
Very good
Very good
Very good

Productive
Very productive
Productive
Productive
Productive

Fairly early
Medium to late
Early
Medium
Late

Hardy

Very

Hardy

Fairly

Moderate

Dewberries

Lucretia

Mayes

Good
Very good

Productive

Productive

Fairly early
Early

Hardy

Hardy

Gooseberries

VARIETY

QUALITY

SIZE

PRODUCTIVITY

GROUP

Chautauqua

Very good

Large

Fairlv

European

Downing

Very good

Medium

Productive

American

Industry

Good

Medium to large

Fairly

European

losselyn

Good

Fairly large

Productive

American

Pearl

Good

Medium

Productive

American

Whitesmith

Very good

Medium to large

Not very

European

*An especially handsome fruit of good quality,
garden. *Very large and sweet.

*A leading variety both for commercial growing and the home garden.

•A leading variety for home use. 4Of the highest quality, ideal for home

WHAT’S NEW IN SHRUBS

E. I. FARRINGTON '

A Survey That Marks Some High Spots of Recent Progress in
the Introduction of Ornamental Shrubs for the Hardy Garden

SOST notable among the newer shrubs which are being
offered this year are two Azaleas, one of them a true
foreigner while the other is a domestic hybrid of
two exotic species. Azalea Schlippenbachii, as the
first is called, is a most remarkable addition to the Rhododen-
dron family. For some years it has bloomed in the Arnold
Arboretum, where it aroused the enthusiasm even of blase
nurserymen, who are inclined to be sceptical of all novelties
until they have proved their worth. The only drawback to this
Azalea, so far as I have learned, is its name, and to paraphrase
the old quotation about the Rose and its sweetness, possibly
Azalea Schlippenbachii will prove as popular under that name
as any other. In color it is bright light pink, a much brighter
pink than is usually found in early blooming shrubs. It is a
characteristic of the flowers that they come extremely early.

I he plant itself much resembles Azalea indica in its habit of
growth, (but is deciduous) and the flowers are about the same
size.

worth which are now
available.

Enkianthus campanu-
latus is one of these
newer worth while shrubs certain to win wide-
spread favor when better known. It is differ-
ent from any other shrub cultivated in this country,
producing great numbers of bell-shaped flowers slightly
larger than Lilies-of-the-valley. They have yellow as a
ground color, but are deeply stained or striped with sal-
mon and crimson. This shrub, which comes from central
Japan, is entirely hardy and grows six or eight feet high. It has
the added value of imparting a fine note of color to the autumn
landscape, the leaves turning early, but remaining on the plant
for a long time.

Then there is a new Hydrangea which promises well. It is
called Hydrangea xanthoneura Wilsoni, grows four feet high,
and blooms very freely.

New Mockoranges (Philadelphus) have come along so fast
in recent years that they promise to rival the Lilacs in number.
Some of those listed have no great merit, although not to be
neglected by any one who is making a collection. A few of the
newer kinds, however, are remarkably fine. In this list is
Mont Blanc, which has been out for several years, to be sure,
and yet is to be found in but few gardens. One nurseryman says
that this is the best novelty of the kind which has been produced
in the last half century. Be that as it may, it makes a fine plant,
and is covered with large panicles of sweetly scented blossoms.

Apart from the matter of perfume, it seems to me, though,
that P. splendens is really a better plant. This originated in
the Arnold Arboretum, and is a remarkably strong growing
variety, with gracefully arching branches, and very dense fol-
iage. The flowers are large and pure white. Because of its
shapely habit it is well adapted for use as a specimen plant.
P. maximus is another Arboretum variety of no little value,
where a tall growing shrub is desired. Plants ten to fifteen feet
high are not unusual, and the white, fragrant flowers are borne
on upright spikes. This is a hybrid between P. coronarius and
P. tomentosus. [Many of these newer Mockoranges were
illustrated in the The Garden Magazine, for June, 1919.]

ONE OF THE
BEST OF THE
NEWER SHRUBS

Cotoneaster racemi-
flora soongarica is a
large shrub with
graceful arching
branches, white
flowers, and red
fruits, The hand-
somest of the
Chinese Cotoneas-
ters for northern
gardens

The second Azalea originated on the Hunnewell estate at
Wellesley, Mass., resulting from a cross made by T. D. Hatfield,
the superintendent, between A. japonicum and A. sinensis.
It has been named Louisa Hunnewell, and makes a fine, erect
bush four or five feet high. The flowers are golden yellow, and
produced in immense clusters. It is an Azalea which can be
readily forced, as was shown at the spring flower show in Boston
last year, but at the same time it is perfectly hardy even in the
severe climate of Massachusetts, and is remarkable as being the
only hybrid of those two kinds that is bud-hardy in New En-
land. [A portrait of this Azalea appeared in The Garden
Magazine for May 1920, page 166.]

1 here are many shrub novelties which might be described in
such a way as to arouse the cupidity of garden makers every-
where, but unfortunately a large proportion of them are not to
be found in any nursery catalogue. This is a frequent cause
for criticism, and yet there are two sides to the question. It
is almost impossible for any one nurseryman to carry a great
number of new varieties, and no such spirit of cooperation has
been developed as yet that will make it possible for the nursery-
men to parcel out the differen novelties so that each will grow
a few entirely different kinas. If some such arrangement
could be made, it would be greatly in the interests of the public.

Lemoine, the famous French hybridizer, who has done so
much to popularize new plants, has altogether only about six
acres, and begins to catalogue his shrubs when he has only
fifty or a hundred of one kind. Such methods would not be
possible here, for a single order might exhaust a nurseryman’s
stock. Yet among the newer shrubs are several of positive

38

NEW SHRUBS GROWING IN THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM

40

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

The family of Viburnums includes a number of species which
ought to be better known than they are. This applies even to
some of the native American kinds. The most recent addition
to the family is Viburnum Sargentii, an Asiatic relative of the
American High-bush Cranberry, and a shrub of rare beauty.
This Viburnum is not only perfectly hardy in very cold climates,
but has the additional merit of making rapid growth, so that
results are obtained quickly. Probably it is the handsomest of
all members of the Opulus group, both when in bloom and
afterwards when covered with its red fruit. The blossoms are
white, of course, and form large flat heads, and the red berries
are carried on the branches until late in the fall.

It may be protested that Lonicera Maackii podocarpa is
no longer a novelty, and yet how many gardens are there where
this remarkable shrub can be found? While it has many merits
in common with most Bush-honeysuckles, it is to be prized
especially for the fact that it holds its leaves until the winter is
well advanced. This past season plants in New England were
just as green at Christmas time as in the middle of the summer.
This quality alone is enough to warrant general planting in
gardens where winter color is desirable. 1 1 makes rapid growth,
and becomes quite a large bush. The white blossoms are borne
in long sprays^ and are succeeded by scarlet fruits, ripening in

SPRING FLOWERS ARE FOLLOWED BY RED FRUITS

Lonicera Maackii podocarpa is a rapid-growing large shrub carrying its
foliage late into winter and has bright red fruits

ENKIANTHUS CAMPANULATUS

The bell-like flowers, recalling the Lily-of-the-Valley, only red in color are pro-
fuse on this Andromeda-like shrub from Asia. The foliage is bright red in fall

September and remaining on the plants until very cold weather
comes. The contrast between the red berries and the green
foliage is most delightful.

While the praises of the Cotoneasters have been sung for
several years by discerning landscape architects, the general
public has been slow to realize the value of these fine oriental
introductions. I knew of one nurseryman who had been try-
ing in vain to dispose of a large stock of Cotoneaster divaricata,
an extremely handsome shrub with leaves which turn crimson
and which bears scarlet fruits in great profusion. This is one
of the most worth-while shrubs for winter gardens, as the fruit
is retained until spring. Plants of this and other Cotoneasters
like C. hupehensis, soongorica, and multiflora, are among the
most acceptable of all garden shrubs. Mention must be made
too of Cotoneaster acutifolia, which seems to have proven itself
just the hedge plant for which the colder portions of the country
have been waiting. This plant, which makes a clean dense
growth, and in appearance much resembles Privet, is perfectly
hardy even in Minnesota and Michigan. Nurserymen in those
sections are recommending it highly for the North and North-
west and speaking of Privets there is a reputed hybrid of the
too common California and the Ibota Privets, called “ Ibolium”
which, while hardier than the California, is much like it in
effect.

For a ground cover it would be difficult to find any plant sur-
passing Euonymus radicans acuta. It has not been popular to
the extent of the variety vegeta, but in some ways is even better,
for it has no tendency to variegation and makes a very dense
mat of deep green, glossy leaves.

The Pearl-bush family is not a very large one, and Ernest H.
Wilson has given us a very valuable addition in Exochorda Wil-
sonii, the white blossoms of which are larger than those of the
common type. The Pearl-bush gets its name from the peculiar
character of the buds, and is an excellent choice to use for ac-
centing a hardy border or a foundation planting.

Much was written about the Barberries which Wilson intro-
duced several years ago when they were first seen, but it has
remained for time to make a selection of the best. One which
can be recommended with perfect confidence for planting even

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

41

in New England is Berberis koreana, one of the handsomest
Barberries yet seen in cultivation, and to be prized highly for
its deep red autumn coloring, as well as for the winter show
made by its red fruit. Quite as handsome, and in fact one of
the best of all the Barberries, is Berberis Wilsonae, its pendulous
branches being especially attractive. The flowers are yellow,
and the fruit salmon red. Unfortunately this species is not
entirely hardy even in New York City, and if planted in any

rigorous climate should be given considerable protection. Far-
ther south it is one of the best ^shrub plants. A comparative
novelty in Barberries although it has been so well exploited as
to be somewhat familiar, in name at least, is the dwarf form of
the extremely popular Japanese Barberry, B. Thunbergii minor,
offered more particularly as a dwarf hedge plant as “ Box-
barberry.” Except in stature it differs not at all from the taller
original.

THF. SHOWY. PINK KOREAN AZALEA

Rhododendron, or Azalea, Schlippenbachii is one of the hardiest of plants; it produces its large bright fight pink
flowers very early in spring and is indeed one of the most notable of all flowering shrubs. As yet it is rare in
gardens, but as young plants raised from seed are available in the nurseries it is certain to become really popular

THE BUDDING STORY STEP BY STEP

A Practical Lesson on an Improved Method
of a Practical Process of Propagation

JOHN L. DOAN

BROBABLY three trees out of every four growing in our
fruit orchards were propagated by budding; so also are
the great majority of garden Roses and many other

plants of particular varieties.

This fascinating art, so vitally important to the gardener, has
been known from ancient times; but its present high develop-
ment is recent. The process is simple, but needs to be done
with exact attention to detail, and a knowledge of how to bud is
essential to any one who would be a real gardener, as it is one
of the basic methods of propagation, the one that must be
followed in multiplying definite varieties of such plants as do
not do their best as cuttings.

In nursery practice the bud is nearly always inserted under
the bark near the ground, upon the trunk of a tree from one to
three years old. The stock is cut off a little above the inserted
bud early the following spring and the latter is forced into
growth by keeping off all sprouts that start from natural buds.
Frequently, however, the grower may have a seedling tree
several years old that he may wish to change to a named variety;
■or an unsatisfactory kind that he desires to change to a better
one; and to do this all the leading branches of the tree are
budded. The method usually employed is the one known as
“shield budding.” It gets its name from the shape of the
section of bark that surrounds the bud.

The conditions essential to successful budding are as follows:
the stock and bud must be fairly closely related, though the
chances for success are not always in proportion to the closeness
of the botanical relationship. What kinds of trees will be
suitable stocks for a given kind of fruit can be learned with
certainty only by trial. Different varieties of the same species
will usually unite readily; in a large number of cases different
species of the same genus are congenial; and it is not uncommon
for buds to “take” readily and make enduring unions upon stock
of a different genus that is closely related. Apples are budded
upon Apple seedlings, Pears upon Pear stocks for standard
trees or upon Quince stock for dwarfs, Peach and Apricot upon
Peach, and Plum upon Plum (or sometimes Peach) seedlings,
often Lilac on Privet.

The work must be done when the bark is loose and when
plenty of cambium, the layer of living tissue between the bark
and wood, is present. This period may last from late April or
early May into August, or, in moist seasons, into September.
For spring budding dormant buds of last year’s wood, that
have been kept on ice, are used. But for summer budding,
which is much more common, mature buds of the current year’s
growth are employed. As a rule, these may be had, except for
Peaches and Apricots, about the middle of July in the latitude
of New York City.

The budding knife should have a thin blade of the best steel,
with a rounded end; and a fine keen edge must be kept upon it
to secure satisfactory results. The bark of the stock must
always be smooth where the bud is inserted. The size of stock
most convenient for budding ranges from the thickness of a
lead pencil to half an inch in diameter.

Vigorous shoots of the current year’s growth of the desired
variety, bearing strong, mature buds, are cut and their leaf
blades are removed at once, leaving about a third of an inch of
each stalk. These shoots are called “ budsticks.” They may
be wrapped in moist burlap or cloth and used at once, or they
may be similarly wrapped and kept in a refrigerator for several
days if necessary. When they are used they should be in a
loose bundle with their bases sticking a little way out of the

wrapping, so that they may be pulled out singly as needed,
without injury to the buds.

Preparing the Stock

N PREPARING the stock for the bud we are usually told
to make a longitudinal cut an inch long through the bark
and then to make a horizontal cut across it at the top. The
bark at the intersection of the cuts is next loosened by the blade
or the end of the chisel-like handle of the knife. Edward
Zimmermann, an employee of the Bridgeport (Indiana) Nur-
series, has worked out a method of making the incision upon the
stock that is more speedy and satisfactory than the common
one, and which, so far as the writer knows, has not yet been
described in print.

The top of the T-shaped incision is made first, and, instead of
being made square to the stock, it is crescent-shaped and is made
with the knife blade slanting downward, at an angle of 45 degrees j
to the stock. This cut may be made by a quick, careful, rock-
ing motion; but the skilled budder, using a blade with a well
rounded end, may make it at a single movement, the last part
of the cut being made by the end of the blade. It is important
that the cut shall go entirely through the bark, but not into the
wood. The longitudinal cut is then begun an inch below the
middle of the crescent-shaped one and is carried up to it. The
knife may be guided easily and accurately by keeping the ex-
tended forefinger or middle finger of the hand that holds it
pressed lightly against the side of the stock as the stroke is made.
When the blade reaches the cross cut, make a quick movement
to the left, then to the right; and the incision will open for the
bud if the bark be loose and the cuts have been properly made.
(See Fig. 1.)

Cutting the Bud

THE next step is to cut the bud. Usually there are several
small, weak ones near the base of the budstick. Reject
these. Use the lowest good bud first and work upward. In
this way one is less likely to knock off leaf stalks or damage
buds, because they point upward. All of the immature buds
at the upper end of the budstick should be rejected.

It requires considerable skill to cut a good bud and careful
handling of the knife to avoid cutting the fingers. If the be-
ginner would succeed in both of these matters he will find use for
most or all of the directions given below and illustrated in Fig.

2. They are based upon the accumulated experience of several
skilled budders.

Hold the bud stick in the left hand (as shown in Fig. 2) with
the bud to be first cut turned up. Have the first joint of the
straightened forefinger directly beneath it and have the thumb
upon the opposite side a little farther up. Holding the knife
in the right hand, start the cut with the base of the blade and
about half an inch below the bud proper, or “germ” as it is
technically called, and make a long, smooth, shallow stroke,
extending about three quarters of an inch above the “germ.”
The entire portion cut from the bud stick, including the bark
and a thin layer of wood is called the “bud.” (Fig. 3) The
layer of wood need not be removed, as its presence makes it
easier to slip the bud into its place quickly and smoothly,
and it does not interfere with the union of the bud with the
stock. Care should be taken that the bud be not too thick. If,
however, the bud should be cut too thin it is harder to get it of
the desired length and of the stiffness needed to push it into

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

43

place. If desired, the wood may be removed from the bud
by squeezing it at the middle between the thumb and forefinger
and catching the separating layer of wood between the knife
and forefinger and pulling it off, if it does not fall out when the
bud is squeezed. Some budders habitually remove the wood,
but this practice does not usually bring better results.

The bud should be cut by a single, smooth, even stroke and
the knife should be under perfect control all the time. It is
easier to make such a stroke if one will begin it with the base
of the knife blade, holding the knife so that its length forms
an angle of about forty-five degrees with the length of the bud
stick (not a right angle, as the beginner is likely to make) and
will draw the knife lengthwise some-
what as he makes the cut. At the be-
ginning of the stroke the right hand,
except the thumb (which is against the
left thumb), is about two thirds of an
inch from contact with the left hand.

The forefinger, clasped around the han-
dle, is kept between the right thumb

(and the blade; and the right thumb in
turn shields the left one; so there is no
danger of cutting oneself in cutting the
bud, if these directions be followed, un-
less the knife should goentirely through
the bud stick. Fig. 2 shows the stroke
two-thirds completed. The cut as
shown there will be finished largely by
drawing the knife lengthwise. The
right thumb will be placed upon the
upper end of the bud, as it is about to
be severed. As the cut is being com-
pleted, the bud should rest on the blade
near its end, and, by making an up-
ward pull as the forward motion is
completed, the cut may be finished
without leaving any shreds of bark at
the upper end of the bud.

The bud should be inserted at once,
by pushing its pointed base through
the crescent shaped cut of the T in-
cision, still holding it between the
thumb and knife blade; or it may be
held between the blade and forefinger
.as shown in Fig. 4. The second
method involves an extra movement,
but is more easily executed. This
should put the bud nearly half way
into place. Next grasp the leaf stalk,
which was left as a handle for the bud,
between the thumb and forefinger and
push downward, lifting slightly outward
upon the point of the bud at the same
time, to make it slip into place more smoothly. Or it may be
necessary to hold the leaf stalk between the forefinger and the
knife blade in making this movement. If this be done, the fore-
finger is on the under side of the leaf stalk and the back of the
blade near the point is against the upper side. If the leaf stalk
should have broken off, press the point of the bladegently into the
leaf scar sufficiently to get a hold, then push the bud down. The
bud should extend below the base of the longitudinal cut. If
any part of it should protrude above the incision when it is in
position, cut it off by pressing the knife blade squarely against
it at the crescent cut.

Tying on the Bud

THE bud should now be tied firmly in place by wrapping a
strip of raffia, carpet warp, or similar material, about a
foot long, spirally around it from the base upward. The
binding material should be brought as closely to the “germ”
above and below as may be done without injuring it. The

carpet warp may be applied a little more rapidly than the raffia
and is not so likely to become loose afterwards; but it cuts into
the bark more, as the stock grows after budding.

A quick and satisfactory method of wrapping the bud, using
carpet warp, is as follows: secure the lower end of the string
at or below the base of the longitudinal cut on the stock by
wrapping two turns of the string tightly across it. Continue
the spiral upward, making as many as three turns below the
“germ” and four or five above, the last one tightly closing the
flaps of bark at the crescent shaped cut. To secure the upper
end of the string, hold the thumb and forefinger as shown in
Fig. 5, and bring the string around them at the last lap, then

slip the free end between them from
below and with them pull through the
loop, quickly and tightly in the direc-
tion in which it has been wrapped. If
raffia be used, have it damp, to make it
hold better; or have the lower end left
long, in starting the wrapping, and ex-
tended to the top of the bud under all
the turns, where it is tied with the
other end into a bow knot.

Successful or Not

it will do so
within two weeks. If the “germ”
should have its natural color and ap-
pearance and there should be no signs
of shriveling or browning upon the bark
of the bud, it has probably “taken.”
If the bark should show green when
pricked through the epidermis with a
knife, it is alive. This method, how-
ever, should not be used unnecessarily.

The string that has bound the bud
should now be cut. A stroke of a
knife that severs every turn, on the side
of the stock opposite the bud, is the
quickest method. The wound thus
made will heal quickly. In case the
bud should have failed to unite, another
can be inserted, if the bark should still
be loose. It is a safe plan for the be-
ginner to insert two or more buds for
each one needed, to increase his chances
of success, and save the stronger shoot,
if both should grow.

If the bark should be tight, it seldom
pays to force it loose to insert a bud.
Frequently, however, a young seedling
may be budded, just below the surface
of the ground, by removing a little soil,
when the bark has become tight above.
The bark is also likely to remain loose longer just below a branch.

Do not prune or seriously disturb a seedling that is to be
budded, unless the budding be done within a few minutes or
delayed a few days, for such a disturbance causes the bark to
become tight.

There has been much controversy about which side of a young
trunk affords the best position for the bud. The writer has
tried all sides without finding any material difference in the
results. There is probably a little less danger of the young
sprout from the bud being broken off by the wind, if it be
placed upon the west side, as its hold upon the stock is very
frail for about two months and the prevailing winds over most
of our country are from the west.

A cool, quiet, cloudy day without rain is preferable for budding,
because there is less drying of the cut surface of the bud on such
a day, before it can be inserted. But good results may be ob-
tained by quickness and skill even in the hottest, brightest
weather.

F THE bud “takes,

5. Fastening the bud in place A is
loop brought around thumb and fore-
finger; B is free end of wrapping brought
between thumb and forefinger, and
hanging down The arrow indicates
direction in which free end of string is
to be pulled and then looped

THE OLD GARDENS OE PENNSYLVANIA

V.— FAIRMOUNT PARK,
PHILADELPHIA, AS AN ARBORETUM

JOHN W. HARSH BERGER

Professor of Botany, University of Pennsylvania

„ A1RMOUNT PARK, the pleasure ground of the people
of Philadelphia, comprises more than three thousand,
f've hundred acres of land, rich in scenic beauty with
JxS hills and valleys, forests and glades. It is bisected by
the Schuylkill River, which runs its whole length between steep
hills and grassy bottom lands. The Wissahickon, the chief
affluent of the Schuylkill within the park limits, is one of the
most picturesque streams in America with its densely wooded
banks, its dark Hemlock forests, its shores with overhanging
rocks, and the numerous cold springs and streams like Cresheim
Creek, which empty into it from both the left and right sides.

The beginning of this park was the purchase by the city, on
June 28th, 1812, of five acres of ground at Morris’s Hill, and the
subsequent construction of a city water works of which Fred-
erick Graff was the designer and the first engineer. His labors
are now commemorated by a marble bust under a Gothic canopy
at the centre of the grounds that, as Fairmount Gardens were

The figures in the
map indicate the
locations of the
gardens and their
sequence in the
series

nut planted by General Lafayette in 1824 still stands and was
photographed by me as recently as February 10th, 1917. Wash-
ington’s choice was a Spanish Chestnut tree which he planted
with his cane. Another ancient tree near the mansion at
Belmont is an old English Walnut. Near the old mansion of
J udge Peters were also a number of large White Pines.

1 he rarest and most interesting trees, however, are found

on the Landsdowne Plateau, where Hor-
ticultural Hall, built for the Centennial
of 1876, stands. The Michaux Grove
with its wealth of material was estab-
lished here. One-half the money left by
Francois Andre Michaux, the French
botanist to the American Philosophical
Society in 1825, was given to Fairmount
Park to begin a collection of trees that
was to contain two specimens of every
Oak suited to the climate.

Near the main road skirting the Hor-
ticultural Grounds is a fine specimen of
the Golden Larch (Pseudolarix Kaemp-
feri), a deciduous coniferous tree which
in China occasionally reaches a height of
one hundred to one hundred and thirty
feet and a trunk diameter of two to three
feet thick. The fine specimen in Fair-
mount Park has almost reached theabove

opened to the public back in 1825 and soon be-
came the show place of the city.

The park was enlarged by the purchase of the
Lemon Hill Estate covering forty acres, which
comprised the country seat of Robert Morris, the
financier of the American Revolution. By the
purchase and gift of farm land, woodland, and
many famous country seats Fairmount Park has
gradually increased to its present large extent.
Some of the historic old mansions, which dignified
the grounds incorporated into Fairmount Park,
have been left standing and are used, either as
buildings for the convenience of the public, or as
the executive offices of the park guards and other
officials. Eaglesfield, Sweet Brier, Landsdowne, and
Solitude are among the country seats so included,
also Belmont Mansion, erected in 1745, the home
of Judge Peters, who entertained Washington and
Lafayette; both of whom at the time of their
visits planted trees there. The large Black Wal-

IN

LANDSDOWNE

VALLEY

The meandering
stream, overarched
by an artistic
bridge now forms
a feature in the
Japanese garden of
Fairmount Park

HARDY
ORANGE IN
FULL FLOWER

Poncirus or Citrus
trifoliata is an at-
tractive flowering
shrub with its pro-
fusion of white
flowers in spring.
This shrub makes
a fine hedge in the
south and is hardy
at Garden City, L. I.

&

JU0® *•

" - r-

44

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

45

dimensions. The arrange-
ment of the leaves, which
are a tender yellowish-green
in spring, is similar to that
of the common Larch. An-
other Chinese tree, Sophora
japonica, is found on the
north side of the hall. It is
one of the most beautiful of
all leguminous trees with its
grayish bark, pinnate leaves,
and creamy white flowers in
terminal racemes. I he
Chinese Cedar (Cedrela si-
nensis) is one of the note-
worthy trees planted in this
arboretum where, in condi-
tions of growth quite like
those of its native China, it
has reached a large size.
The hardy Orange (Ponci-
rus, or Citrus trifoliata) has
attained considerable di-
mensions for a small tree.
In the spring it is one mass
of white, fragrant flowers
before the leaves are fully
expanded and is worth a
long journey to see at this
stage of its development.
Several Gingko trees are
near the Lotus pool on the
north side of Horticultural

IN THE JAPANESE GARDEN

Part of the planting as it exists near Horticultural Hall today, having some fine old
Hybrid Rhododendrons, making it what the Europeans would call an American garden

IN THE FLOWERING TIME OF MAY

One of the fine Hybrid Rhododendrons planted in Lansdowne
Valley' prior to 1876 and now finely developed specimens

Hall and the border here shows large bushes of Rhodotypos ker-
rioides, Staphylea caucasica, Xanthoceras sorbifolia, Exochorda
grandiflora, Kerria japonica, Acer palmatum and several of its
varieties. An avenue of Oriental Planes, which have reached large
size, runs on both sides of the sunken water garden designed by
Mr. Oglesby Paul to produce a Taj Mahal effect with Horticul-
tural Hall, which is of the Moorish style of architecture. On the

slope toward Landsdowne Valley
are two fine specimens of Franklinia
(Gordonia altamaha), raised by lay-
ering from the original tree in Bart-
ram’s garden. Five hybrid Rhodo-
dendrons planted in Landsdowne
Valley prior to the Centennial in
1876, have developed splendidly and
present a brilliant mass of color dur-
ing the flowering season. The hall
itself, spanned with a glass roof, is
full of tropical trees of great size
and interest; such as the Traveler’s-
tree (Ravenala madagascariensis),
the Cohune Palm (Attalea Cohune),
the Moreton Bay Pine (Araucaria
Bidwillii), the Mango (Mangifera
indica), the Date Palm (Phoenix
dactylifera), the Coffee (Coffea ara-
bica), and an historic Sago Palm
(Cycas revoluta), the property of
Robert Morris and more than one
hundred and fifty years old. This
is, of course, only a partial list of
the valuable plants there raised
under glass.

The portion of Fairmount Park
east of the Schuylkill River is also
planted with a number of notable
trees. An avenue of Lindens (Tilia americana) follows the river
drive in front of the boat houses; and near the Lincoln Monu-
ment, at the foot of Lemon Hill (opposite to the Brown Street
entrance to the park) in a hollow formerly occupied by a foun-
tain, is a group of tall spire-shaped deciduous Cypress trees
(Taxodium distichum). These are particularly interesting be-
cause, where their roots have been covered with asphalt pave-

46

The Garden Magazine , March, 1921

ment, they have attempted to form knees for aerating purposes
by sending them up through the asphalt. As rapidly as formed,
the knees have been worn off level with the surface of the
pavement by the feet of park pedestrians. The summit of the
hill is crowned by the mansion built by Mr. Pratt after his pur-
chase in 1799 of the Robert Morris estate, “Old Vineyard
Hill,” which he renamed “Lemon Hill.”

In the old house which stood here, Robert Morris resided
from 1770 to 1798; and a number of Pines, still flourishing in
1888, were probably planted by him. A large Tulip-tree
near by was measured by the writer in 1888 and was found to be
thirteen feet one inch in circumference; making its diameter
about four feet eight inches; with a spread of one hundred and
seven feet ten inches.

Mr. Pratt improved the place and introduced the culture of
foreign Grapes, but with no great success. He secured
Walnuts, Hawthorns, Hazels, and fruit trees from England;
from Maryland a great variety of rare seeds and roots; also
some panniers of trees and shrubs; and directed by letter that
“the most beautiful wild flowers of the woods” should be
transplanted to his grounds. By 1830 Lemon Hill was a
marvel of horticulture. Rare flowers, native and exotic, were
in the collection. There were Tea plants, Coffee trees, Sugar-
cane, Pepper trees and a full line of Orange, Citron, Shaddock,

Bergamot, Pomegranate, and Fig trees. The range of green-
houses was sixteen by two hundred and twenty-five feet and
was said to be “ the finest range of glass for the preservation of
plants on this continent” at that time.

Mount Pleasant, better known as Chamouni, across from the
Falls of the Schuylkill, is noted for a mansion built in 1802 by
George Plumstead, a merchant of Philadelphia in the India
trade. The house commands a grand prospect of rocky hills,
deep glens, dark woodlands, and the silvery reaches of the
Schuylkill River. On the summit of this hill stood three forest
trees of large size, a Black Walnut, a Chestnut, and a Tulip
tree. In 1888 the Chestnut tree measured nineteen feet in
circumference and the Tulip tree fourteen feet. To some
minds they have suggested the famous meeting of the three
allied sovereigns in Hyde Park after Napoleon’s fall. Do
they not better suggest the enduring companionship of three
other and nobler patriots? The Black Walnut with its rich
wood, Morris; the Chestnut, with its broad-spreading branches,
Jefferson; the Tulip tree, the noblest of all the forest trees of
America, Washington.

“ the Great of Earth,

Great not by kingly birth
Great in their well proved worth —

Firm hearts, and true,”

LARGE WHITE OAK

This notable specimen stands at the head of Lansdowne Valley,
surrounded by formal planting of Rhododendrons and other Shrubs

WITH the month of March begin the year’s
outdoor activities for the gardener. Winter
(such as there was of it in the season just
passed) is gone; our faces are set forward
toward the working out of plans that were
nade and developed during the dull months. This year the
r spring opening comes after one of the mildest winters on record,
md at this writing it seems reasonable to expect that the toll of
i vinter losses will be almost negligible. Such losses as do
. accrue will be most likely due to that excess of zeal that leads
some people to heap on protective material in the mistaken idea
that protection is for the sole purpose of keeping the plants
warm. Those of our readers who were able to curb their
I energies and exercise reason will surely reap the benefit this
spring. Such danger as does lurk in the possibility of damage
late in the season as the spring warms up, is after all not very
1 serious. Late frost with the sun shining on the frozen plants is
injurious to evergreen foliage, but be it remembered it is the sun
that actually injures, and a shelter on the south and west means
safety. Again, if in the time immediately following this writing
the weather be dry and windy, or even if the sun be bright and
warm without rain, there is a possibility of danger lurking ahead
because of loss of soil moisture. That is, of course, speaking
generally, for local conditions will vary considerably. But
in the absence of snow during winter an actual drought may be
experienced, though perhaps not suspected.

Where unusuallyearly growth has started nothing can be done;
and there is in fact not much need to worry, anyhow. The
mildness of the past winter leaves the gardener in a happy
frame of mind for the coming season and the 1921 outdoor year
opens auspiciously.

ORGANIZED activity in the interests of such flowers as the
Peony, Iris, Dahlia, Gladiolus, Sweet-pea, have done very
much indeed during the past year to bring order out of chaos in
their respective circles, especially as regards the first three
named. The annual exhibitions have drawn greater numbers
than ever before, and other signs would seem to indicate an acute
and enlivened interest in gardening affairs on the part of the
public. Especially notable, too, has been the attendance at the
weekly Orchid shows put up by Mr. Burrage at Horticultural
Hall, Boston. The spring show in that place was such an un-
precedented success as to justify big efforts for this year. New
York will again have its “ International,” and the Pennsylvania
Society announces a series of suburban gatherings that set a new
pace. Abundant opportunity for the enthusiast to feast his
eyes and absorb fresh inspiration for further efforts are offered
in the various fixtures given herewith. The two leading events,
of course, are the New York and Boston spring shows:

New York: International, Grand Central Palace, March 14-19
Boston: Roses and Spring Plants, Horticultural Hall, April 6-10

The fixtures of the ‘‘special flower societies for this season are:”
American Rose Society, Boston, April 6—10
American Peony Society, Boston, June 18-19
American Gladiolus Society, St. Thomas, Ont., Aug. 24 and 25
American Sweet-pea Society, New York, Museum of Natural His-
tory, latter part of June

American Iris Society, Columbus, Ohio, About May 29. Also at
Minneapolis and other places, dates to be fixed.

American Dahlia Society, New York, in September

Minor floral exhibitions of the leading state societies are an-
nounced thus: New York, Second Wednesday each month at
Bronx Park, and Chrysanthemum Show in November. Boston
Autumn Exhibition Nov. 2-6. The Pennsylvania Society’s
meetings are:

Spring Flower Show, Aquilegias, Iris, late flowering Tulips and
Perennials, Ardmore, Pa., May 25th, 1921;

Peonies, Out Door Roses, Cut Flowers, and Perennials, Ardmore, Pa.
June 7th, 1921 ;

Sweet Pea Show, Ardmore, Pa., June 21st, 1921;

Dahlia Show, Ardmore, Pa., September 27, 1921;

Annual Exhibition and Chrysanthemum Show, Philadelphia,
November 7-8-9-1921.

The next Great National Flower Show, under the direction
of the National Flower Show Committee of the Society of
American Florists will be held in Cleveland, Ohio, in March of
next year.

THE ope^Colum:K,

Readers’ Interchange of Experience and Comment

Scilla and Chionodoxa Seedlings

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

(NOTICED in a recent issue of this magazine the inquiry of a reader,
A. H. Botsford, for information about bulb seeds, especially Scilla
and Chionodoxa, and am wondering if the reader would be interested
in the catalogue of Messrs. Thompson and Morgan, Ipswich, Eng-
land, who offer bulb seeds of the following: Chionodoxa Luciliae;
Gladiolus praecox, “the remarkable new annual Gladiolus”; Alstroe-
meria; Anomatheca (Iris family); Freesia; Gladiolus; Hyacinthus
amethystinus and candicans; Iris reticulata; Ixia; Liliums colchicum,
dalmaticum, giganteum, regale; Sparaxis (Iris family). As this cata-
logue has just come into my possession I have no knowledge as to the
growth of these bulbs — nor even whether they come under the ban of
the Plant Quarantine.— R. F. Howard, South Lincoln, Mass.

— Flower seeds are not prohibited by the Plant Quarantine. — Ed.

The Blues That Cheer

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

NEVER was there, I believe, a fairy story to compare with seed
catalogues! They begin to come — each one more interesting
than the last — when the snow and ice are at their worst and many a

47

48

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

winter evening goes swiftly while I read and plan for the time when they
are to come true — for come true they will if given a chance. Three
years ago 1 sent for a package of Delphinium seed, “mixed,” from a
well known seed store, and the result far surpassed my dreams. I
planted the seeds the middle of March in a box which I stood before a
sunnv window; early in May transplanted them into a bed twelve by
forty feet, then edged the bed with Forget-me-nots, self-sown from a
plant allowed to go to seed the year before, and Sweet Alyssum.
1 n a couple of weeks the Forget-me-nots were abloom, and by the middle
of June the border looked like a blue and white ribbon; by August
there were some wonderful stalks of Larkspur, varied and very lovely,
which continued valiantly to flower until frost. Then I cut all the
stalks off and covered the bed with a thick layer of wood ashes and
very fine coal ashes mixed.

The following spring the ground was raked loose between the rows
and by mid May the Forget-me-nots were a solid band of blue; they
lasted until long after the Delphiniums began to bloom so that the bed

LARKSPURS IN A NEW YORK GARDEN

looked like a piece of azure sky fallen to earth. The self-sown Alyssum
was a mass of sweet white flowers by the time the Forget-me-nots had
faded.

The Delphiniums seemed every possible shade of blue; many were of
the bee variety; also of the white-centred, some with pink veining,
beside a great number of D. belladonna, such a glorious blue, and
most graceful in their delicate branching and fine leafage.

As soon as they had finished their second season of bloom 1 again
cut off the stalks and by the middle of August they were blooming
again, though not as profusely as in June. Every one said that of
course this second year was their best; but when frost came 1 gave
them the same treatment as the autumn before, and I just wish every
one could have seen them this season in June! Words cannot describe
them. The enclosed photograph was taken July ist; the preceding
day I had cut more than two hundred stalks for a wedding but, as

you can see, they were not missed. The photograph also shows the
Forget-me-not and Alyssum border, somewhat dwarfed, it is true, by
their gigantic neighbors, but holding their own bv reason of their
marvellously lovely color. Is it not a veritable fairy tale — and more?

All that beauty from a ten penny package of tiny black seeds! —
Jeannie S. Salisbury, Nyack, New York.

Wants the Old-fashioned Flowers

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

\ A/ ILL some kind reader of this magazine tell me where I can
’ ' obtain roots of the old-fashioned Roses, the Damask, Provence,
Musk Cluster, Stanwell Perpetual, Mme. Hardy, George the Fourth,
and a tiny red Rose, the name of which I do not know. It grew in my
grandmother’s garden in southern Indiana forty years ago. We called
it “the Button Rose.” I have searched and re-searched the cata-
logues for these Roses but have not been able to find them. Surely
some old New England Nursery must carry them in stock. I very
much want them; also the old Spice or Clove Pink. I have bought
several plants under that name, but they have not been the Clove Pink
of old gardens. I am very fond of Chrysanthemums and have bought
a great many plants, but have failed to find one early enough for this
altitude, almost eight thousand feet.

Will Mrs. Clarke, Mass., tell me the name of the nurseryman who
took cuttings from her early Chrysanthemums. 1 would certainly
like to try it. — Mrs. M. Layton, Aspen, Colo.

Pruning from the Other End

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

IN THE orchard there is a Pear tree which up to last year produced
* very little fruit. Yet the tree was an exceedingly healthy specimen.

Its growth was wonderful. Indeed, we decided the tree could no
longer remain in its present location for it was robbing other productive
trees of sunlight. Then, too, we wanted fruit, not merely shade trees
in the orchard. Some people advised that the tree be cut down; but
after having waited so long for it to mature, it seemed a shame to do
this. So 'another method was tried. In the early winter a trench
was dug about four feet from the tree. This trench completely en-
circled the tree. All roots met with were cut. Next we placed two
stout posts under the frozen ball of roots and using these posts as
levers, raised the whole until it was level with the ground. Then
Nelly, the gray mare, was hitched to a sled. She dragged the tree to a
hole previously prepared.

In the spring the tree came out in leaf but there were few flowers.
However, the following spring the tree was a mass of bloom and in the
fall the limbs were fairly bowed down with fruit. Root pruning had
solved the problem. It had checked the over-luxuriant top-growth,
induced the formation of fibrous roots and consequently caused the
tree to bear fruit in abundance. Of course, I should make it clear that
it would not have been necessary to move the tree if it hadn’t been
crowding out its neighbors. The mere digging of a trench and the cutting
of all the roots found would have caused the tree to fruit equally well.

— James J. Deehan, Bryn Mawr, Pa.

Securing White Violets

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

SOME months ago a lady wondered where plants of White Violets
could be obtained for edging, and voiced her perplexity in The
Carden Magazine. She may be interested to learn how, some years
ago, I secured a good stock of the same plant. Mine were sent to me
by a school-girl from Bedford County, Pa. The plant grows wild j
in many parts of New York and Pennsylvania. Any boy or girl in the |
rural districts could easily take up and mail a large quantity of them
as they are easy to transplant and not difficult to ship. There is no
danger of exterminating the White Violet as it grows in great abun-
dance. If one has no acquaintances in the country, a brief “ad.” in any
of the Philadelphia Sunday papers would reach the eyes of persons
all over the state; or, better still, a few lines in some county paper
would go direct to the country home. Addresses of rural papers can
be found in advertising manuals, such as Ayer’s, accessible in any
public library, or names of farm papers can be copied from magazine
subscription lists. When one has secured the name of a person who
wishes to supply the plants it would be well to give some directions
about packing, for the young person who wishes thus to earn a little
pocket money would probably be inexperienced in wrapping plants for
parcel post shipment. — A. H. Botsford, Del.

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

Team-Work in the Vegetable Garden

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

HERE are a few vegetable combinations that 1 have found to grow
well together so 1 pass them on for the benefit of other gardeners,
i Ever try planting your Cucumbers in your Asparagus bed? 1 did, and
i obtained good results. The Cucumbers were of course planted after
the Asparagus had finished cropping. Although 1 planted the non-
t climbing variety of Cucumber, many of the plants developed tendrils
| and clung to the sprays of Asparagus. When the gardener across the
way was complaining that his Cucumbers had stopped fruiting and
gone to seed because of the dry weather, there were nice, long, green
t fellows growing among the Asparagus.

The late summer and early fall Lettuce did especially well between
the rows of Raspberries (they were not ever-bearing berries). The
Lettuce did not go to seed quite so readily as it usually does in warm
weather. I thanked the protecting shade of the berry bushes for that.
The winter Cabbage did well between the rows of early Potatoes.
When the late Cabbage was ready to be transplanted, the Potato tops
had finished growing and were commencing to die; so there was no
. danger of their crowding out the companion crop which then reaped the
benefit of the well worked soil between the rows of Potatoes. I
have learned that there are two things to guard against when growing
. vegetables in combination: first, that one vegetable does not thrive at
the expense of the other; and second, that the plants are not denied
ample cultivation because of the garden’s crowded condition. — J. J. D.,
Pa.

The White Campanula Isophylla

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

CAMPANULA isophylla variety alba, a native of Italy, is a rapid
growing perennial suitable for window boxes, hanging baskets,
and rockeries. Its growth is pendent and spreading. The flowers come
i in late summer in snow-white masses that last until November. The

TRAILING BELLFLOWERS IN A CALIFORNIA GARDEN

type form has bluish flowers but its growth and freedom of bloom does
not equal this alba variety. The stems are extremely brittle and it
does not stand rough handling or brushing against. It is grown from
soft wood cuttings in the spring. Its cultivation should be in abun-
dance, it is such a satisfactory plant for growth and bloom. — Kate O.
Sessions, San Diego, Calif.

Here’s a New Type of Rose

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

A ROSE which attracted much attention last season at the
** Minneapolis Test Garden and in the few other places where it
was seen growing is called F. R. Grootendorst. I am fortunate to
have two plants of this Rose in my garden and have been greatly
pleased with it the past season. It is distinctly different from any
! other Rose in existence, but has much the same habit as the Baby

49

NEW HARDY ROSE F. R. GROOTENDORST

Said to be the product of Baby Rambler and Rosa rugosa. The fluted petals
are carnation red

Ramblers, that is to say, it throws large clusters of flowers in generous
quantities. It grows taller than a Baby Rambler, however. In fact,
it becomes, I understand, a fair sized shrub in the course of time, and
probably it should be treated as a shrub rather than given a place in
the rose garden.

The Grootendorst Rose originated in Holland, and is understood
to be a seedling between a Baby Rambler and Rosa rugosa. Prob-
ably it is the first of a new type of Rose. Its most noticeable char-
acteristic is the fluting of the petals. This fluting is very strongly
marked, and gives the flowers much the appearance of a Carnation.
The resemblance is heightened bv the fact that the color is almost
exactly that of several red Carnations in cultivation, and most people
who see the Rose for the first time remark upon its resemblance to
members of the Dianthus family. It cuts well, lasting for a long time
in water. Of course it has to be handled in clusters because of its
habit, but as the individual flowers are small, the effect is excellent
when they are displayed in the proper holders.

It does seem as though this flower held great possibilities for land-
scape planting and for park work. Indeed, it probably could be used
for hedges, like Rosa rugosa or Conrad Ferdinand Meyer, although I
have not yet seen plants large enough for hedge purposes.

1 understand that a fair supply of plants now exists in this country
and that the Grootendorst Rose will be put on the market the coming
season. — E. I. Farrington, IVeymouth Heights, Mass.

What Will Grow in a Cold Climate?

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

1 WOULD like to hear from your readers through the open column,
relative to anything that they have succeeded with in such a rigor-
ous climate as the northern part of South Dakota. 1 n this locality, rain-
fall is rather scant and the summers are hot, dry, and windy. In
winter the thermometer sometimes registers lower than 40 below zero.
Atmosphere, on account of altitude, rather rare compared with other sec-
tions of the country and not often laden with moisture. Have tried
out nearly everything in the catalogues several times and am still at it;
and while I have a good collection of things growing, yet 1 would like my
yard as complete as possible. The Garden Magazine’s articles and
illustrations, as well as those contained in catalogues and books offer
many fine suggestions, but few of them can be successfully carried out
in our climate and location. — W. Issenhuth, Redfield, S. Dak.

• — Does not Mr. Cowperthwaite’s comprehensive article elsewhere in
this number answer your problem? — Ed.

The Doubleness of the Double Cosmos

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

I AST summer we planted seed supposing it to be that of a double
Cosmos and although but one out of eight plants bore double
blossoms, we felt well rewarded for they were such beauties — of a soft

so

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

lovely shade of pink. This variety blooms late so one could not count
on its blossoming every year in this locality, for frost seldom holds off
so long as it did last season. We used double Gypsophila paniculata
with it in arranging bouquets and no combination could be lovelier.
The Baby’s Breath had been dried, as its blooming period was past when
the Cosmos began, but it answered surprisingly well. — Mary Rutner,
Traverse City, Mich.

— This delightful flower is apparently not well “fixed” as yet and a
good percentage of plants will not come double. — Ed.

A Remarkable Twin Tree

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

WHAT may be called the “Siamese twins” of the tree world
is found on an island in the middle of the Mississippi River at
Rock Island, Illinois. The island in question, which embraces some
two hundred acres, is occupied by the United States Arsenal. It is
covered with a luxuriant forest of Oak, Elm and other species of trees,
but the twin tree is the only one of its kind on the island. Evidently the

i

STRANGE UNION OF TWO UNLIKE TREES

treeswhensaplings were growingside byside, and in somecurious manner
they merged into a single bole to a height of seven or eight feet. At this
height the individual trunks separate, each bearing its own peculiar bark
formation and foliage, whereas the joint trunk, seems to be a blend of
both Oak and Elm bark. It is estimated that the twin tree is over a
hundred years old, and it is possible that the Indians who once camped
on the island may have had something to do, either by accident or
design, with its peculiar formation. — Robert H. Moulton, III.

A Word About Cut or Other Worms

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

j ONCE had a peculiar experience with my Nasturtiums, and hoping
1 it may help some one else, I give it. My Nasturtiums grew and flour-
ished in a most gratifying way for a time, but suddenly began to droop.
I searched for the cause but failed to find it. I loosened the soil and
looked for cut-worms but they did not seem to be there. The plants
continued to droop, and the other members of my family consoled me
with remarks to the effect that my Nasturtium bed was doomed. At

last, in desperation, I made a strong soap suds and, in the early morning,
went and watered the bed with it and watched the result. In just a
few minutes about a dozen big cut-worms came hustling to the surface.
The soap seemed to render them helpless, and it was easy to dispatch
them. A few more applications, each bringing up a smaller number,
finished them, and the Nasturtium bed was a complete success. — Flora
Swetnam, IVhitesburg, Ga.

— Wonder! Was it cut-worms or earth-worms? — Ed.

Pruning St. Regis Raspberries

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

A S I always come to The Garden Magazine when in trouble, I am
making a similar appeal again. 1 really don’t know what 1 would
do were it not for the monthly visits of this magazine; 1 am still so
ignorant about so much in gardening. We have a dozen or so St.
Regis Raspberry bushes, “everbearing” so-called. The last two
years the first crop (July) has not been as large as it should be,
and the berries have often been wormy; that is, a tiny white worm
would be inside the cup, the fruit seeming quite perfect after that was
removed. This condition, of course, necessitated very careful picking
over and washing. 1 usually looked at each berry as I picked it from
the canes. The fall crop these last two years has been very full, the
berries growing large and luscious, and being entirely free from the
wormy condition of the first, and supposedly larger crop. Can you
give any suggestions to remedy this? Not the good fall crop, but the
poor first crop. This has been our treatment after the last of the
berries have been gathered in July: We cut out all the old canes
down to the roots, then there are left standing quite a goodly supply of
new branches and about all seem to have borne in profusion. In the
fall, before snow flies, we cut all the bushes down to about two and one-
half feet as is usual with the ordinary Raspberry, I think. Here is
where 1 think we do wrong, but how? This year I thought we would
cut out all the old canes just as we do in July, but it seems as if there is
nothing left standing but a very few short young branches. One
neighbor, who knows no more than I, says the fruit will be borne on the
old canes and to leave them standing. This I am sure is wrong as they
look all played out after 'their strenuous life of the last eight weeks of
bearing and are very long and lopped over. Another friend suggests
that all the bushes be cut down to the ground, and although he knows
nothing of the St. Regis kind, 1 imagine his advice is better. — Mary
Edna Thomson, Ridgewood, N. J.

— 1 1 is advisable to remove entirely in early spring those canes that have
fruited late the previous summer or the previous fall. Leave the current
year’s wood, which produces fruit the following June. As for the maggots
on the inside of the berries, there is little help by spraying as the
fluid will not reach them. Clean culture and the removal of the foliage
after same has fallen in early winter will prevent the pest from being
carried over from one season to another. Has any one any further
suggestions to offer? — Ed.

Novel Way to Treat Begonia

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

I THINK the most satisfactory thing we did in theplant line last spring
was in the handling of a Begonia. The preceding fall a friend gave us a
vigorous and bushy plant in a pot. Not having a very good place for
it only a few flowers appeared, but it was in pretty good condition when
warm weather came, so we took off all the ends, some two inches in
length, and placed them in water in a warm, sunny place. In a few
days the slips were rooted and they had begun to grow and show
blossom buds. On setting them in the ground, two inches or so each
way, the bed began to show an increase of color at once and all summer
that was the brightest spot in all the garden and it remained so
till frost. These plants could be transplanted at any time without
checking their growth and as many as needed were taken up for
wintering in the house. The Begonia was of the ordinary pink Vernon
class. — John W. Chamberlin, Buffalo, N. Y.

Tigridia Bulbs Cannot Be Had

To the many interested inquirers who, stimulated by the para-
graph on page 264 of the January issue of The Garden Magazine,
have sought to purchase Tigridia bulbs, we take this means of
stating that this is one of the things arbitrarily excluded by
Quarantine Order No. 37 and that extended inquiry has failed to
discover any available stock in existence.

(5?te UVJonf/vs Qq mind or

“ Come with me, then, behind the scenes, where we are concerned only with the joys of plant increase and rejuvenation ”

The Reminder is to “suggest” what may be done during the next few weeks. Details of
bow to do each item are given in the current or the back issues of the The Garden Magazine — it
is manifestly impossible to give all the details of all the work in any one issue of a magazine.
References to back numbers may be looked up in the index to each completed volume (sent
gratis on request), and the Service Department will also be glad to cite references to any special
topic if asked by mail.

When referring to the time for out-door work of any sort New York City at sea level in a nor -
mal season is taken as standard; but at best dates can only be approximate Roughly, the season
advances northward fifteen miles a day. Thus Albany, which is one hundred and fifty miles from
New York, would be about ten days later, and Philadelphia, which is ninety miles southwest,
about a week earlier. Also allow Jour days for each degree of latitude, for each five degrees of
longitude, and for each four hundred feet of altitude.

MARCH— THE MONTH OF ACT I HE PREPAREDNESS

SflT^^OON it will be possible to put into practice the plans made
during the winter and if you have neglected any detail of
k\J yj, planning ahead take time now, working overtime if necessary,
to complete the outline of work to be done. It will pay for
itself in achieved results in June.

General

At this time of the year bulb stock requires 20-25 days from the time of
being brought indoors until flowers open. Double Tulips take a
little longer. Figure your supply accordingly.

This is positively the last call for dormant spraying and for pruning.
It is of little use to spray and spray again the fruit trees, if near by
ornamental shrubs infested with scale are left untreated. Be
thorough.

Prune the late flowering shrubs but leave alone the early flowering
ones until just after they have bloomed ; which in a single sentence
gives the governing principle for all ornamental flowering shrubs.
Early bloomers flower on the wood made last year, late bloomers
bear the flowers on new wood of this season.

Seeds To Sow In Heat

Sow Primulas for flowering next fall and winter (P. malacoides and its
varieties are best sown in June.)

Sow Heliotrope and Centaurea gymnocarpa in a temperature of 50°
for bedding out in May.

Sow Schizanthus retusus. Transplant to flats, later pot and grow on
in a cool temperature, rich soil, and good drainage. Pinch off the
flower buds until required to bloom.

Sow Clarkias and grow on to flower in six-inch pots. No pinching is
necessary. Pick off dead blossoms and they will continue to
bloom well through the summer.

Sow Hunnemannia fumariaefolia in paper pots for summer flowering.
Annual Gypsophila can be used in conjunction with almost any
other flower for table decorations during the summer months.
Make a sowing now in the hotbed for June flowering, again three
weeks hence, and so on through the summer to keep up a suc-
cession.

Procure Lilium speciosum for summer blooming now, pot into five- or
six-inch pots, and grow cool; useful for brightening the show house
or conservatory.

Plants From Cuttings

Pot up early-rooted Chrysanthemums. Don’t leave them in the sand
after the roots are an inch long.

Continue propagation of Chrysanthemums and bedding stock, as
cuttings are available.

Complete propagation of Carnations as soon as possible, now that the
days are getting brighter, which makes rooting more difficult —
make the most of every opportunity to get a crack of fresh air on
the ventilators. Warm weather brings swarms of thrips. Look
out for them, spray and fumigate.

Pot on bedding stock propagated from cuttings last fall and space out
on the benches as they show signs of crowding.

Alternantheras may still be rooted in sand. Divide up plants wintered
over in flats; put out in a gentle hotbed, where they will make fine
plants for setting out at the end of May.

Root cuttings of Alyssum saxatile. Divide up old plants of Erfordii,
Luminosa, and Chatelaine Begonias; repot the pieces, or cut
back, and take cuttings from the new basal growths.

Make cuttings from stock plants of Hydrangeas saved for this purpose;
or from the basal growths of those being forced into flower at this
time. Take cuttings of Marguerites and Heliotrope.

Vegetables On Hand And To Come

As weather conditions permit uncover the Asparagus and Rhubarb.
Sprinkle salt on the Asparagus bed, also nitrate of soda, using
about 1^ lbs. per square rod.

Encourage Rhubarb into growth by placing barrels over the crowns,
and banking round the barrels with hot manure.

Dig all Parsnips, and Oyster plants, that have been in the ground all
winter, and store in a cold cellar.

Whenever possible dig the vegetable patch, and endeavor to get a little
deeper than ever before, to break up the hard pan which cuts off
the water supply during the growing season.

As soon as the soil is dry enough to plant without sticking to the
tools, plant all of the most hardy vegetables, without regard to the
fluctuations of the thermometer. Plant thick and shallow at this
time.

Lettuce and Cauliflower pricked-off into frames to mature will be
ready for the table some time ahead of outdoor plants. Sow
Beans (String) in a frame where they will mature.

Berry Bushes

Last years’ wood of Gooseberries will yield the best fruit; therefore
cut out all superfluous shoots, and trim the points only of those
that remain. Keep the main shoots six inches apart, and the
middle of the bush open. This will let light and air into the
plants, and greatly facilitate picking the fruit.

Red Currants may be “spurred-back” to a couple of buds; with a few
shoots left longer for extension, if needed. Merely cut away
exhausted branches of Black Currants and encourage basal
growths to take their place. Spur-back side shoots that are
too numerous.

Get at Raspberries and Blackberries that were not thinned out and
headed-back after fruiting last fall.

Frames

The big job is to make up the main batch of Hotbeds. Details of
proceedure appeared in last Month’s Reminder.

Air on all favorable occasions frames that have been in use during the
winter carrying over plants; protection is still necessary on very
cold nights.

Transplant such plants as were started last month. Make sowings of
Peppers, Eggplants, Tomatoes, Cucumbers, and Melons.

Sow Annuals as required, such as: Annual Larkspurs, Snapdragon,
Drummond Phlox, Pentstemon, Sweet-peas, and Verbenas.
These require cool treatment when once they have started; avoid
extremes.

Continue to repair the cold frames, glaze the sash and have ready
for pricking-off the young plants as needed.

Deep frames with a northern exposure with 2-3 ft. of head room are
useful for keeping bulbs in after the flowers have opened. Lay
newspapers over the sash above Tulips on bright days.

Set out in the hotbed small plants of Pansies, Myosotis, Phlox, Hardy
Poppies, Shasta Daisies, etc., from seeds sown in January

Under Glass

[Full advantage of these directions is only possible with a greenhouse,
but so far as opportunity allows they also apply to hotbeds.]

The important job is to “prick-off” the seedlings that are large enough
to handle. Use plenty of leaf mold and sand. Cover the sur-
face of the soil in the flats with a layer of sand; then prick off the
little plants. This carries away the water from round the stems,
and to a great extent prevents “damping-off.” Give shade until

5'

52

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

re-established, then exposure to full light, and sunshine to ensure
sturdy, stocky plants.

Sow Sweet-peas in small pots for planting outdoors next month.
Pansies and Forget-me-nots brought in from frames will flower
by the holidays in a temperature of 50°.

Keep the Rambler Roses growing in a temperature of 6o°. Avoid
direct draughts of cold air, or mildew will result.

Give Lilies subject to high temperature plenty of water, and feed oc-
casionally with liquid manure. Stake the plants.

Stake up the Snapdragons, and remove side shoots. The side growths
make good cuttings. Put them into the propagating bench.

Start fancy-leaved Caladiums for decorative purposes in sandy soil
with gentle bottom heat.

Look over vines, such as Ivies, Vincas, etc., saved from the window
boxes and baskets last fall; repot if needed.

Thunbergia is a useful climbing plant. Sow the seeds now. Also
seeds of the Castor bean.

Repot Dracena indivisa that are pot bound; or top-dress.

Early flowering indoor Sweet-peas should have a rich top-dressing of
well decayed manure. Acid phosphate and sulphate of ammonia,
an ounce to a gallon of water, is a good stimulant, but should be
used with care.

A heavy mulching of old cow manure will greatly benefit the Roses
planted out in the benches at this time. Don’t use fresh horse
manure; it will burn. Place a covering of loam over the bare roots
before using the manure. Look after the young Roses, use care in
watering; and keep them free from black spot. Bank the fire
early on sunny days.

Spireas will be showing color in the flower spikes at this time. Space
them well apart so that the foliage may develop evenly, and to
prevent it damping off as it very readily does when crowded.

Water copiously, but have the foliage dry before night. Place saucers
under the pots, and keep these filled with water.

Start at intervals small batches of Godfrey Calla, Gloxinias, and
the little blue Achimenes, for summer flowering.

Gardenias may still be rooted provided one has plenty of bottom heat.
They require a closed propagating case to root well. Pot when
rooted, and carry along in pots until they are transferred to the
benches where they are to flower. Use light porous soil, with
plenty of leaf mold in it.

Poinsettias through flowering may be laid on their sides under a bench
free from drip, and dried off.

Start tuberous Begonias in gentle heat, potted or in flats.

Peaches and Nectarines will be in bloom this month. Encourage
fertilization by the admission of fresh air and sunshine on every
favorable occasion. Tie in the young shoots of early started
vines as required.

Maintain a free buoyant atmosphere. Accommodate Primulas,
Cinerarias, Cyclamen, and similar flowering plants now in bloom
with a light position on the north side of a cool house.

Give more air as the days become warmer to Bay-trees, Oleanders,
specimen Hydrangeas, and similar plants now in storage. As
soon as occasion offers place outdoors, give a thorough hosing;
retub, or top-dress as required.

Lawn Shrubbery and Border

Clean up the shrubberies, stacking the leaves in a large pile to rot.
They will be useful next August for mulching. Burn all other
rubbish in a smother fire, and use the ashes for fertilizer.

Loosen the ground among the shrubs with a spading fork. Attend to
the climbers round the dwelling, tying up any growths that have
fallen out of place during the winter.

Order any other plants of this class that may be needed. Late in the
month remove the wind screen, and other temporary protection
afforded choice shrubs, and Evergreens; likewise from Roses,
bulbs, and flower beds. Prune and tie in all Rambler Roses but
leave Tea Roses until all danger of hard frosts is past — better
to wait until the eyes being to swell.

Air freely: Pansies, English Daisies and Myosotis wintered in

frames; plant out into flowering quarters as soon as conditions
warrant.

As the crowns of the plants show through the ground do any needed
alterations and replanting in the herbaceous border.

Plant deciduous shrubs, and trees.

Trim grass edges as soon as conditions permit.

Apply fertilizer to the lawns, top-dress bad spots, and reseed.

Cut a few sprays of Forsythia, and Pussy Willow; place in a green-
house, or warm dwelling for very early blossoming.

ABOUT PRUNING THE GRAPE VINES

A. RUTLEDGE

HE annual pruning of Grape vines is usually done in the
mild days of late February or early March, at least a
month before any real growth starts. Earlier pruning
is unwise; for a late blizzard may freeze off valuable
bearing wood, whereas, if the full vine had been left intact, the
extreme cold would have taken only the extreme tips.

Most gardeners trim back to two buds; some prefer three.
One-bud trimming is unsafe; the bud may be thus injured, and
even if not, it is almost certain to produce a new cane too large
and cumbrous for the parent. 1 lately examined a vine that
had been trimmed back a year ago to one bud on each bearing
cane. The new growth was tremendous; but it looked too
sappy. It is better to have two medium-sized natural canes for
bearing than a single unwieldy one. It is also wise to trim the
Grapes high; that is, permit no buds to set nearer the ground
than two feet; in fact, the higher the better. Nearly all mildew
on Grapes is due to a lack of sunlight, and low growth seldom
gets the sunshine it should have.

This raises another point which appears to me important.
Many gardeners hesitate to restrain the too exuberant summer-
growth of Grape vines. A wise practice, however, is to pinch

away the ends of the young shoots three or four joints beyond the
farthest bunch of grapes. This is especially necessary in the
case of a vine that has been planted in a shady spot, which
encourages heavy growth. If, however, the vine be fully
exposed to the sun, a more normal development will ensue and it
will require little summer pruning. It should always be re-
membered that the leaves were intended by nature as a vital
part of the system which gives life and vigor to the vine; and
consequently, the more leaves that can be retained, the better
for the vine. The only object in checking the leaf and vine-
growth is to give the developing grapes the sap that otherwise
would be used in the making of new and valueless vine. Oc-
casionally a thoughtless gardener will pull the leaves off his vine,
thinking thereby to give all the sap to the grapes. There could
hardly be a surer method of spoiling the size, flavor, and general
worth of the crop of fruit.

Thorough summer pruning renders winter pruning very
simple, and a judicious combination of both will ensure vigorous
growth and prolific bearing. I should like to repeat, how-
ever, that grape vines when in full sunlight need little, if any,
summer pruning.

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

r

jr own vegetables
for winter and summer

Do you realize that a home garden of moderate size will
yield delicious vegetables all through the growing season
and enough beside to Store away or preserve in jars for
winter use? You not only save money, but have a supply
of superior garden produce throughout the year.

To get such good results from your garden, you must
cultivate well and often. Planet Jr. Implements make the
work easy. They break the soil thoroughly, killing all
weeds, and in so short a time, with so little labor that a
few minutes a day will keep the ground in perfect condition.

Write for the free illustrated catalogue describing all
Planet Jr. farm and garden implements.

No. 17 Planet Jr. Single Wheel Hoe does all needful
forms of hoeing and cultivating. May be used by
man, woman or child. A

S. L. Allen & Co., Inc.

Box 1108 S Philadelphia

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55 BARCLAY STREET
THROUGH TO 54 PARA PLACE

New 'York City

fjhis Book

will really help you with your spring garden

IT IS full of just the information you want; descriptions, illustra-
tions, prices, cultural directions, and lists of special collections
costing from 50c to $2. for flower seeds, and from $1. to $35.
for vegetable seeds. Send for your copy to-day — IT'S FREE!

J. M. THOKBURN 6r COMPANY

53 Barclay Street, through to 54 Park Place, New York City

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

COMBATING THE FLEA
BEETLE

HP HE little black insect variously called the tl
* Flea Beetle or the Turnip Fly, particularly I
destructive to young Radish, Sweet Potato, and j
Turnip plants is generally considered by Ameri- 1
can gardeners as very difficult to combat in any I
practical way. There is, however, a simple method
of trapping the pests that is followed in England,
which would be in general use here I am sure, if
it were known. It consists of a home-made at-
tachment to the cultivators, constructed of hoop-
iron, a thin board, a strip of burlap and some
warm tar. It can be attached to any cultivator
that I have ever seen.

\

D

To make this flea beetle trap take two strips
of inch-wide hoop iron twenty-four to thirty
inches long, heat in a fire and bend, or hammer,
into the shape shown in accompanying drawing.
Next drill a hole in the end of each strip at A
(see drawing) so that the irons may be fastened
to the cultivator frame. These are called the
“carrying irons.” The horizontal length at the
other end (C) must be long enough to take a
board of the width it is desired to use — not less
than ten inches for efficient work and twelve
inches is better, an English friend assures me.
The length of the oblique section (B) may vary,
but it must be long enough to have the lower
horizontal (C) three to six inches forward of the
cultivator wheel; and the pitch of this oblique
section should be such as to bring the forward hor-
izontal section (C) not more than six inches above
the ground surface when the cultivator is being
operated. Turn back § inch of the fqrward ends
of the carrying irons as at E to serve as a holding
clasp on the board, and drill a small hole at D
to insert a holding spike. These spikes go
through the edge of the board as well as the hold-
ing irons. The carrying irons arc now ready to
attach to the cultivator.

With single-wheel cultivators fit the irons out-
side the wheel, but with the two-wheel kinds it is
better to place them between the wheels though
as wide apart as possible. Having fastened the
carrying irons in place, take a board — the thinner
the better, provided it is strong — of sufficient
length to reach across three rows of the crop that
is to be treated (About 3 feet 6 inches where
the rows are one foot apart is a good size). Tack
along the back edge of this board a burlap curtain
of such depth (or width) that it will come to
within a half-inch of the ground when the board
is in place on the carrying irons. The curtain
must be slit-up where the board rests on the carry-
ing irons so that it may drop to its full depth
on either side. This completes the construction
of the device (which, by the way, is not so much
of a job as seems from these instructions), except
for the last operation.

When the time has come for it to be used, heat
a pot of common tar and smear what is to be the
under side of the board with the tar, slip the
board into place on the carrying irons, and start

(< Continued on page 64)

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

55

Order by Mail from this

Abridged Meehan Catalogue

WE GIVE below, prices on dependable nursery stock that you can
order by mail for early planting. Every plant and shrub is
sturdy, vigorous, high-quality, and you can order as safely as though
you came to the nursery and made your selection in person. Each has
behind it the reputation of “the pioneer nurserymen of America.”

Shade and Lawn Trees

Fine

Norway Maples, 2\ inch diam., $5 each; inch, $7.

► specimens.

Schwedler’s Maple, 4 inch specimen, $15.

Catalpa Bungei, 5 foot stems, straight, $3.50 each.

Cedrela, 2\ inch, $5.

Beech — English, 5 feet, $3.50; 7 feet, $5. River’s Purple,
8 feet, $10.

Magnolia tripetala, 3 inch diam., $8 each.

Phellodendron Amurense, 2\ inch, $5.

Japanese Larch, 6 feet, $6.

Ginkgo, 1 § inch, $3.50; 2\ inch, $6.

Pagoda Tree — Sophora, 3 inch specimen, $10.

White-leaved Linden, 3£ inch specimen, $8.

Chinese Elm, 2\ inch, $5.

Historical English Elms, $10 each.

Hardy Garden Flowers

Just a suggestive list of popular old-fashioned kinds.
See General Catalogue for description.

Price 25 cents each; $2 per 10 of any one kind; .$15 per 100
of one kind. Extra size plants double price.

We will make up a special collection, 100 plants (our choice)
for $17.

Achillea the Peatl
Anemone Japonica
Aquilegia — Columbine
Aster — small-flowering
Centaurea — Hardy Corn Flower

Chrysanthemum — Hardy Pompons and Shasta Daisy
Delphinium — Larkspur.

Digitalis — Foxglove
Eupatorium — Hardy Ageratum
Funkia — Variegated Edging
Hemerocallis fulva — double.

Hibiscus — Meehan's Mallow Marvels. Mixed colors.
75 cents each.

Iris, German — Separate Colors.

Iris, Japanese — Separate Colors
Iris, Siberian

Pachysandra — Evergreen Ground Cover.

Paeonies — Separate Colors. 75c. and $1 each.

Papaver orientalis — Perennial Poppy.

Phlox — Separate Colors
Phlox subulata — Creeping
Plumbago

Sedum acre — Ground Cover
Sedum spectabilis — Showy. Upright
Spiraea — Herbaceous sorts
Statice — Sea Lavender
Stokesia — Stokes Aster
Tritoma — Red-hot Poker
Veronica longifolia

Vinca Minor — Periwinkle. Ground Cover.

Fine Clumps.

Paeonies

Must be planted early. Our roots are large and fine. All
colors. 75 cents and $1 each.

Hardy Ferns

Price 25 cents each; $2 per 10; $15 per 100.

Good assortment for every purpose.

Flowering Shrubs

Strawberry Shrub, 2 feet, 75 cents
White Fringe, 5 feet, $1.75.

White Dogwood, 5 feet, $2.

Pink Dogwood, 4 feet, $3.

Deutzia — tall, 3 feet , 75c.; 5 feet, SI; dwarf, 1| feet, 75c.
Forsythia, 3 feet, 75 cents.

Althaea, 4 feet, $1.

Hydrangea — single flower, 4 feet, $1.50.

Bush Honeysuckle, 4 feet, $1.

Mock Orange — Swee t Syringa, 5 feet, $1.

Carolina Wild Rose, 4 feet, $1
Rugosa Rose, 2 feet, 75 cents.

Climbing Roses, $1.25 each
Spiraeas, 75 cents
Styrax, 6 feet, $2

Lilacs — white and purple, 3 feet, 75 cents.

Single Snowball, 4 feet, $1 50.

Weigela, 4 feet, $1; 6 feet, $1.50.

Fine Evergreens

We are justly proud of our Evergreens. You can safely
mail your order if unable to call.

Evergreens — Bedding varieties

Arbor-vitae — Thuya

Victoria (Silver-tipped), 3 ft., $4 each; 4 ft., S6 each
Globe, 1 ft. diam., $3 each.

Meehan's Golden, 2 ft., $4 each.

Pyramidal, 2* ft.. $3.50; 3j ft., $5.

Boxwood — Unusually fine, bushy plants
H ft., $2.50; 2 ft. bushy, $8.

21 ft. Heavy specimens, $9.

Golden, 1 ft. bushy, $3.

Pyramid, 2$ ft., $10.

Junipers

Virginiana, 6 ft., $9.

Virginiana glauca, 4 ft., $10; 7 ft. , $18.

Retinospora

Heath-leaved, 1 ft., $1.

Thread -leaved (filifera), 2) ft. , $5
Golden Thread-leaved, 1J ft., $7.50.

Dwarf Hinoki Cypress. 1J ft., $2.50.

Sawara Cypress (pisiferai 3 ) ft., $7; 41 ft. , $9; 5 ft., $10
Golden Sawara, 3 ft., $6; 4 ft., $8; 41 ft., $9.

Plume Cedar (Golden or Green) 11 ft., $3; 2 ft., $4; 3 ft.,
$6; 4 ft., $8.

Golden Plume, Specimens, 5 ft., $12; 8 ft., $20.

Silver Cedar (squarrosa), 1 ft., $2.

Evergreens — Lawn Specimens — Exceptionally fine plants.
Cephalonian Fir, 6 ft., $18.

Veitch's Fir, 31 ft., $6.

Red Cedar, bushy, 6 ft., $9; 7 ft., $12.

Blue Cedar (Virginiana Glauca), 7 ft. , $18.

Norway Spruce. 7 ft., $7; 10 ft., $10.

Roster's Blue Spruce — Superb, 51 ft., $18; 6 ft., $20; 7 ft., $30.
Jack Pine, 9 ft., $8; 12 ft., $12.

Scotch Pine, 5 ft., $6; 6 ft., $8.

Retinospora filifera aurea, 6 ft., $18.

Golden Plume Cedar, 8 ft., $20; 9 ft., $25.

American Arbor-vitae, 7 ft. specimens, $10.

We can assure you prompt shipment. All prices are quoted F. O. B. Germantown,
except that packing cost is charged on orders of less than $10. On orders of $50
or over we will allow a discount of ten per cent. Five per cent, discount for cash
with order.

Koster’s Blue Spruce

Climbing Vines

All are extra size plants. Those from pots
are just as hardy, and may be planted late in
spring or summer.

Ampelopsis Veitchii — Boston Ivy — Clings
to anything. Field grown, 75c. each; from
pots $1 each.

Ampelopsis Virginica or Quinquefolia—

Virginia Creeper. Same price as Veitchii.
Bignonia radicans— Trumpet Vine— Climbing.

Scarlet Flowering. Very rapid. 75c. each.
Bignonia grandiflora. Large orange flow-
ers. 75 cents and $1 each.

Hedera Helix — English Ivy. Evergreen.
Shade loving. From pots 75 cents each;
$50 per 100.

Lonicera Halleana — Honeysuckle. From
pots 75 cents each; $50 per 100.

Vitis — Flowering Grape. Heavy Vines. $1.50
each.

Wistaria— $1.50 each. Heavy Vines $2.50 each.

Fruit Trees

We have the largest and best obtainable.

Apples, Pears, Cherries and Plums — extra
size, $2 each.

Peaches and Quince. $1.50 each.
Raspberries, Currants, Gooseberries,
Grapes, etc. at moderate prices.

Hardy Grasses

Arrhenatherum — Variegated. Flowering edg-
ing plant. 50 cents each; $3 per 10.
Bambusa Metake — Hardy Dwarl Bamboo
$1 per clump.

Calamagrostis — Variegated Ribbon Grass.

50 cents per clump; $3 per 10.

Eulalia gracillima— Graceful Japanese Grass
$1 per clump; $6 per 10.

Eulalia variegata — $1 per clump; $6 per 10..

Pioneer
Nurserymen
of America

MEEHAN. Sons

Nurwymen Horticulturists

6717 Chew Street, Germantown, Phila., Pa.

56

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

Catalogue and Prices on Request

BROOK IRON WORKS, INC.
37 BARCLAY STREET
NEW YORK CITY

We make and erect FENCE for Lawns, Division Lines, Orchards, Gardens, Farms, Tennis

Court Inclosures, Poultry and
Dog Runs.

Entrance Gates

Rose Arches

Giant Everbearing

o

Red Raspberry

Exact Size of Berry

BIG, JUICY , SWEET BERRIES
FROM JULY TO NOVEMBER!

The bushes are covered with firm, luscious,
wonderfully flavored berries, with few seeds,
from July until freezing weather. The fruit is
twice the size of other raspberries and of the same
delicious flavor from first to last.

Fruits early in July, the first season planted,
and continues in fruit until frozen. Free from
insects and disease, perfectly hardy. A dozen
plants will supply the average family all season,
year after year. Plants multiply rapidly.

Awarded medals and certificates by leading Agri-
cultural and Horticultural Societies, including the
Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Horticul-
tural Society of New York, The American Insti-
tute of N. Y., etc., etc.

Strong, ficld-groton bearing plants, $1.50 each, $16.00 per
dozen, by prepaid parcel post.

Safe delivery guaranteed in proper time for
planting if ordered now. Circulars on request.

Raspberry Farms at Sound Beach, Conn,
and Glen Head, N. Y.

Grown in the
Gardens of:

J. P. Morgan
Glen Cove, N. Y.

J. D. Rockefeller
Pocantico Hills,
N. Y.

W. W. Astor

Newport, R. I.

P. S. du Pont
Wilmington,

C. M. Schwab
Loretto, Pa.

Henry Ford
Dearborn, Mich.

J. J. Hill Estate
Lake Geneva,
Wis.

And others who
demand the
World’s best

John C. Scheepers^c

52,2, ,/lve. NeivYorlk. City

That Perplexing
Question of
Varieties-

T rue, there are hundreds, yes, thousands of plants
to choose from, for your hardy border, rockery or
wherever old-fashioned hardy plants are desired.
And yet, to the initiated, the choice is rather simple,
because every plant fits one specific purpose best.

The Sedum Family for
Unique Rock Gardens

The Stone crops of which Stone Orpine shown
below, is a very interesting member, we offer in ten
distinct varieties. They vary from three inches to a
foot high, and all love warmth, sun and stony sur-
roundings.

Stone Orpine (Sedum reflexum) is one of the best
for dense ground covers. Yellow flowers in August.
Strong plants 25c each, $2.50 per dozen.

Let us help You —

We shall be delighted to assist you in choosing
plants for the border, old or new, and advise you as
to relative height, different colors and growing habits
of plants. If you leave the selection of plants to us,
we shall map out their positions for you, and arrange
our selection according to your present collection on
hand.

Kindly write for our latest catalogue.

PALISADES NURSERIES, Inc.

Sparkill, New York

No Garden Is Complete Without
The Superb New Dahlia
GLORY of NEW HAVEN

lam prepared to give Dahlia Lovers a treat with
this heretofore almost unobtainable Grand Dahlia.

Those who have seen this grand variety need no
description, but for the benefit of the many not
so fortunate I will say that it is a giant bloom of
an irresistible silvery mauve color. The plants are
extremely vigorous growers and produce the large
blooms freely on the best of stems. Strong tubers,
May delivery, $2.00.

May I send you my catalogue describing prac-
tically all of the standard varieties as well as many
new creations. A postcard will bring it.

Will those readers who favored me with orders
at the Fall Shows up to Oct. 1st kindly send me
a copy of same as they have been stolen.

C. LOUIS ALLING

Dahlia Specialist

251 Court Street West Haven Conn.

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

57

A Grand New Bedding Plant

AGERATUM Fraserii

A splendid new bedding plant, un-
equaled for borders. The plants are
from 7 to 8 inches high, forming spread-
ing balls, covered with a mass of bright
blue flowers the entire season. The in-
dividual flowers are half an inch in di-
ameter borne in trusses three inches and
more in diameter. This is the best of
the ageratums, which have always been
excellent for bedding and for pot plants.

Price 25 cents each; $2.75 per dozen;
$20.00 per hundred

Send for catalogue of Bedding Plants, etc.

Richard Vincent, Jr. & Sons Co.

Established 1870

White Marsh Maryland

Wherever Bugs

Endanger Crops

WHEREVER blights and plant dis-
eases threaten to curtail rewards for
men’s efforts, remember, please, that there
is a Hammond Remedy. For the sake of
a most successful garden season during
1921, write us to-day for your copy of

"Insects and Blights"

For nearly forty years the recognized standard ad-
visor with thousands of homegardeners and truckers
throughout the country. Describes the most widely
occurring bugs, blights, and plant diseases, and sug-
gests dependable remedies with which to make the
garden a source of greater pleasure and profit.
Write for your copy to-day.

Hammond’s Paint & Slug Shot Works

Beacon New York

SOLD BY THE SEEDSMEN OF AMERICA

fpsss / Grow Dahlias
II because I love them

| And it was this love for a lovely flower that long ago got me started in the Dahlia Bulb Business.

| It’s nearly fifty years now since the first Stillman Seedling gladdened my heart, and thousands

1 of others have since helped to gladden the hearts of other Dahlia Lovers. But few of my intro-
j 1 ductions I’ve ever sent out with greater assurance of its success than this: —

|| One of my pets for 1921 — WONDER OF NATURE

■ | This new Hybrid Cactus Dahlia I now offer for the first time. A new cut flower Cactus Dahlia

| that presents the most wonderful array of blended colors of any Dahlia that has come to my

M 1 notice. The size, shape, colors and stems are perfect for cut flowers. The flowers are made up

| of deep yellow, deep salmon, light yellow, light pink, and white. All colors are borne on one plant

| and often all contained in one flower. A profuse bloomer and a low plant. Price of bulbs $5.00.
This is but one of scores of absolutely new Dahlia Creations obtainable only from me.

Please ask for my Catalogue

= = You will find it to abound with unusual novelties. Among my new Peony-flowered seedlings are some superb forms and

jj| M colors. The catalogue is gladly sent free to every reader of Garden Magazine. Please ask for your copy TO-DAY.

George L. Stillman specialist Box C-21, Westerly, R. I.

New York Office , SI East 42nd Street t Room 412. Personal advice and instructions
on Dahlia Culture at the N. Y. Office , first Thursday and Friday of each month

■ f Jiimi'i . Ill: . . ■ !Hl.!>lMil.imiHiir *lllilBH8lillllllBlliilllllUMIIIlllMillflHbTililitlllil^ilHfln^ IttBliniitfhiliiiyiilllBIIHMlIliMflBMIltMIBIIBIIIIIOIIIHHIlliltflBttillBBIIilfinr; JIiiI1.!S;.IHIil}llllH!iniilli i. i illl! i ! 'i Mi' iUlffin^RMCnnilBninnilinn

WATER LILY POOLS ARE EASILY MADE

Expert labor is not needed. You or your gardener
can supervise, and a day laborer can do the work.
My 1921 catalogue gives working plans and directions.

Rare Water Lilies

and water plants are pictured and described in this
booklet; facts about their colors, blooming time,
habits, and how to grow them, are carefully stated.
Send to-day for a copy.

Box E

WILLIAM TRICKER, Water Lily Specialist

Arlington, New Jersey

58

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

“ the most complete general BIRD-BOOK EVER PUBLISHED ”

s:

IT'S FREE
ON REQUEST

Bird Lovers —One and AH

BOYS AND GIRLS, fathers and mothers, here’s
good news. Another big edition of Volume 42
of the world-famous Cypress Pocket Library —

“Good Bungalows for Good Birds”

is ready for distribution! Now, all you bird lovers can get
busy building new homes for our little friends — with

Rent Free for Good Birds

provided you act promptly and send TODAY for your
copy of this great 284 -page book. But you'll have to make
sure about it. The edition is limited.

This is WHat You Get in Cypress Volume 42:

284 pages of authoritative Bird-Lore — both practical and
sentimental. ( Very practical and healthily sentimental.)

ALSO BIG DOUBLE SUPPLEMENT WITH 20 BEAUTIFUL ORIGINAL
AND CORRECT DESIGNS OF BIRD HOUSES, ALL MADE BY ART-
KTS WHO KNOW WHAT BIRDS WANT, AND LOVE THEM- 20
FULL-SIZE WORKING PLANS WITH COMPLETE SPECIFICA
TTONS; EXTRA ART SUPPLEMENT IN 5 COLORS— 12x29
INCHES; 3 PORTRAITS OF AUDUBON IN COLORS SUIT-
ABLE FOR FRAMING, ALSO PICTURES OF HIS HOME
AND OF THE STATUE ERECTED TO HIS MEMORY-
PICTURES OF 5 BIRDS IN NATURAL COLORS AND
180 CORRECT PEN PORTRAITS OF OTHER BIRDS
WITH THEIR CALLS.

Happy hours ahead of you if you get busy and send for
Volume 42. But “procrastinators” may be out of luck' The
edition is limited, so make sure of YOURS. Write TOD A Y.

Southern Cypress Manufacturers’ Association

1 Pordiftn Rldn Mn,., O _ 1 T

New Book
on Spraying

Every farmer and orchardist should have a copy of this free
book. Tells how, when and what to spray. We’ll gladly
send a copy postpaid on request.

Crop Saving

SPRAYERS

We make a full line of Sprayers for every purpose. The Hudson Compressed Air Sprayer is the only one
made with a tank riveted like a steam boiler. This is the highest pressure compressed air sprayer made.
Throws better spray, does more work. One pumping will spray approximately 1,000 hills of potatoes.
Equipped with combination nozzle suitable for light or heavy mixtures. Can be furnished with an ex-
tension for spraying fruit trees. Catalogue describes the complete Hudson line of Crop-Saving Sprayers.

Hudson Mfg. Co., Dept. 3914 Minneapolis, Minn.

Cebar £kres;

GLADIOLI and DAHLIAS

“BULBS THAT BLOOM ”

“Uprightness — standing for truth like a tower;
Dignity — symbol of honor and power;

Beauty — that blooms in the ultimate flower!”

Constant association with such agents of happiness soon
makes the garden a necessity. New' colorings, new plant-
ings, new combinations, give zest each season, until Flower
Gardening in all its alluring phases is as essential as fresh
air and sunshine.

We would appreciate an opportunity to acquaint you
with Cedar Acres Quality Bulbs. May we send you these?

25 Primulinus Hybrids Gladioli and
6 Dahlias, best named sorts for $2.00

Illustrated Booklet, with full cultural directions, sent on request.

B. Hammond Tracy, Inc.

Box 179, Wenham, Massachusetts

That Bit O’Hearts Desire

The Garden of your Dreams

may be started in a small way if you have not the time
or means to make it a fact full grown.

Hollyhocks, Delphiniums, Sweet Williams and Daisies
that linger yet in the memory of Grandmother’s Garden as
weil as many other perennials that have proven hardy in
our severe mid-western climate, described in my cata-
logue. Enough kinds to satisfy your every mood yet
not so many varieties as to confuse. Write to-day.
Let’s get acquainted
W. A. TOOLE

Garry -nee- Dule

BARABOO WISCONSIN

FRUIT TREES

Berries, Grapes, Roses. Ornamental and Shade Trees

FLOWERING SHRUBS

Everything for the Orchard, Fruit-garden and Lawn

Buy Direct from the Grower

Wholesale prices. FREE Catalogue.

GROVER NURSERY CO.

91 Trust Bldg. Rochester, N. Y.

If you want the finest

DAHLIAS

the Giants — true to name — we
have them.

Send for our catalogue.
SOMERHOUSEN DAHLIA GARDENS

Chestnut Hill Philadelphia, Pa.

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

59

DREER’S FAMOUS AMERICAN ASTERS

AMERICAN grown Asters are one of our leading specialties and our
list of over sixty varieties and colors comprises only such sorts as can
be planted with perfect confidence that nothing better can be pro-
cured, no matter at what price or from what source.

For general use we particularly recommend our Superb Late Branching
variety which we can supply in eight distinct beautiful colors. Price, ioc
per packet or a packet each of the eight colors for 6oc, also in mixture
ioc per packet, 50c per one-quarter ounce.

Eight pages of our Garden Book for 1921 are given to the description
and illustration of Asters, with cultural directions. It also offers a
complete list of other Flower Seeds, Vegetable Seeds, Lawn Grass and
Agricultural Seeds, Plants of all kinds, including the newest Roses, Dahlias,
Hardy Perennials, etc.

A copy of DREER'S GARDEN BOOK FOR 1921 will be mailed free if
you mention this publication.

H-. „ „ A r\ „ „ 714-16 Chestnut St.

6liry A • l/rccr^ Philadelphia, Pa.

Great Gardens from

Little Rose Plants Grow

Many of our greatest gardens are traceable to a very bumble beginning. Little tiny
rose slips, transplanted by our boys, frequently bear the flowers that start a new-
born love for the most glorious of all flowers. And we distribute millions of
Rose Plants every season, since success with Roses follows in the wake of

Good & Reese Own-Root Roses

Guaranteed to Bloom

THE GOOD & REESE CO. LareZ\%wZTi7‘

They cannot help but bloom, being really healthy, sturdy infants that
need very little petting. A fairly good garden soil, a normal amount
of moisture, and an occasional hoeing, and you’ll gather Roses by the
armful all season from our tested and proved varieties.

Try These: Star Set of Six Everblooming Roses,

as follows:

Springfield, Ohio

Columbia — A true, glowing pink. Among the finest of the newer kinds.
Killarney Brilliant — A brilliant pink, extra double, extra fine Killarney.
Madison — Fine double white.

Madame C. Martinet — Coppery orange.

M iss Wilmot — The sulphur, creamy Gold Medal Rose.

Red Radiance — A deep, rich red.

One of each of above, for $1.25; the set in two-year-old size for $2.75
postpaid.

Besides hundreds of best new and standard Roses, our free catalogue will in-
troduce to you the choicest in Dahlias, Gladioli, Ferns, Chrysanthemums, etc.

Please ask for your copy of this Guide to Finer Flower Gardens.

Dept. 12

60

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

How Hicks Can Help CH

In Your Garden Plans

IF YOU are the owner of a place that has old trees and shrubs, you will enjoy adding
rare and unusual specimens to the collection. Hicks Nurseries have many of the new
introductions of Arnold Arboretum, and elsewhere — dwarf Evergreens, cover plants,
berry-bearing and flowering shrubs.

IF YOU have a new place without plantings, Hicks Nurseries have Time-Saving Trees 25
feet and more high — big broad Lindens, Oaks, Maples, Pines, Firs, Spruces that will
give character to any planting. They can be shipped hundreds of miles and are
guaranteed to grow.

IF THE highway is noisy and dusty, a wall of green will give privacy and quiet. Hicks
Nurseries have wall-making Evergreens, 3 to 20 or more feet tall, root-pruned and trans-
planted. Such trees will give immediate results and save five or twenty years of waiting.

“Home Landscapes’’

our book for home-owners, gives plans and suggestions for unusual grouping of trees, shrubs, and plants on
small home grounds and large estates. Sent free on request.

HICKS NURSERIES

Box M Westbury, L. I. New York

Come to the nursery and select the plants you need. We pack them to carry in automobile.

Edith Ripley Kennaday
Consultant in

Practical and Decorative Gardening

Naturalistic Plantings

Perennial Plantings Shrubbery Plantings

The charm of little gardens and the balance and beauty of
larger gardens are due to careful thought and consideration

STUDIO 22M 119 East 19th Street, New York City

The Glen Road Iris Gardens

Grace Sturtevant, Prop.

Wellesley Farms, Massachusetts

GROWERS AND ORIGINATORS OF FINE VARI-
ETIES OF BEARDED IRIS

CALIFORNIA DAHLIAS’

Send for Catalogue of these famous Prize-winning Dahlias

JESSIE L. SEAL

607 Third Avenue, San Francisco, California

Winner of The American Dahlia Society’s Medal for “The Most Meritorious Exhibit” — FIRST
PRIZE — at the 1920 Annual Exhibition given by The Dahlia Society of California at the Palace
Hotel, San Francisco.

SALZERS

SEEDS

You know there’s a
vast difference in gar-
dens. Your success de-
pends largely on when,
where and how the seed
was grown and how care-
fully it has been selected
and tested.

We positively guaran-
tee all Salzer Flower
and Vegetable Seed to
be entirely satisfactory
to you, or we will refund
full purchase price.

Send for catalog show-
ing hundreds of our
choicest strains in col-
ors and listing special
collections of best seeds
and plants for the home
garden. Free on request.

JOHN A. SALZER
SEED CO.

Box 13, La Crosse,Wis.
American H ead quarter s for Field Seeds

733

ROSES

ofJVew Castle

Are the hardiest, easiest growing fresh
blooming rose plants in America. Always
grown on their own roots in the fertile soil
of New Castle. We are expert Rose grow-
ers and give you the benefit of a lifetime's
experience and the most select list in Amer-
ica. Every desirable Rose now cultivated
in America is included in our immense stock

-and the prices are right.
Our rose book for 1921, ROSES OF NEW CASTLE, tells you how to make
rose growing a success. The most complete book on rose culture ever
published, elaborately printed in actual colors. Gives all information that
you need. Send for your copy to-day — a postal will do.

HELLER BROS. CO., Box 321, New Castle, Indiana

FLOWER

VEGETABLE

GRASS

SEEDS

Many of the most discrimina ting buyers
of seeds are our customers year after
year, because our seeds are procured
from the best sources in America and
Europe.

Send for Catalogue

Its 80 pages are profusely illustrated and con-
tain advice about what to plant, when to plant
and how to cultivate, with special planting
table and calendar. Write to-day.

HOSEA WATERER

Seed and Bulb Importer

101 S. 7th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

**Everything for Garden and Greenhouse 99

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

61

Perfect Garden
— Requisites—

It is not difficult to make a garden, but it is a very
much greater pleasure to make a better garden with
the proper sort of equipment.

To secure the greatest joy and biggest returns from your
garden, it is essential that you start right. Every garden
is started right in which, as the beginning, the gardener
uses

Leonard’s Proven SEEDS

Fresh from the fields of America’s foremost specialists in
seed production, every kind of seed sold by us will add
to the satisfaction the gardener derives from work well
done. Leonard’s Seeds not only grow, but also bear the
kind of crops that will make you feel proud of your garden.

You double the chances for perfect success, if, in keeping
the crops growing, you enlist for your help

Leonard’s Perfection
CULTIVATOR

The Lightest, yet most efficient type of
disc cultivator on the market to-day;
heartily endorsed by the Editor of Garden
Magazine. Please refer again to page
313 of the February issue, to learn what
this little useful implement will do.
Supplied through your dealer, or from
us direct.

The Leonard Catalogue

A modest book designed to make garden-
ing a greater joy. It will introduce you
to Leonard’s Quality Seeds, which are
sold by the best dealers throughout the
country. In Chicago proper, they may
be secured at our own store. We shall
be delighted to be favored with your
inquiry for the catalogue and name of
nearest Leonard dealer.

Leonard’s Seed Company

226-228-230 West Kinzie Street
Chicago

Moto- Mower Owners

value this power lawn-mower not
so much for its 80% saving in labor
cost as for the positive improvement
it makes in the appearance of their
grounds.

The Moto-Mower is light, efficient,
and dependable. It is simple and
sturdy in its construction — there are
only eight moving parts — and Timken
and “Boundbrook Oilless Bearings”
give protection such as is found in
the finest automobiles. The Moto-
Mower is surprisingly easy to handle.
And the price is reasonable.

Send for catalogue

THE MOTO-MOWER COMPANY

2033 Woodward Avenue

Detroit, Michigan

62

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

'jjmHmmmmwMMmmmzMmm&’Mimxti' ' 1 'n t :: us: :,i"i nhi: :«■ iotse i .111.1 aw.iim

little Hree JfarmS

{ INTRODUCTORY

Little Tree Offer

6 Choice Evergreens

;*/ 18 to ^ inches high $5—

CELECTION includes One White
^ Spruce, Two Douglas Fir, Two Ar-
' ' borvitae and One Juniper, — the “just

_ y right” evergreens for planting around the

- house. All areof regular JUttletCrce Jfarms

quality with the best of tops and big,

• Price includes packing and delivery to

Express or Post Office, Framingham,
Mass. Average shipping weight 25 lbs.
. Jfijd'. - Remittance with order.

These samples will show you better than
words can express, what quality of stock
r you can secure from us at reasonable price.

Send for q.

“Book of Hittle Cree jfarms” /

Beautifully illustrated. Containing new ideas jjy f

of landscape decorat ion and just what you want Mg.

to know about trees and shrubs — their planting f

and care. Used as a reference work. Listed g. VjjRv /

in U. S. Dept, of Agriculture library. ( ‘ “Si'

little Cree Jf arms! A * /

AMERICAN FORESTRY J

BOSTON COMPANY u. s. a. VSnSfei/

DEPT, a-3

Gladiolus — “Marechal Foch”

_ The most beautiful Gladiolus of all. A new

form, unfolding like an exquisite rosebud
v^V i with gigantic flowers, measuring six inches
across, of a warm salmon pink, showing six to
jj| eight of these giant blooms open at one

time on the stalk.

ijjh ^L Do not confuse this variety with the

Tj Holland variety of the same name, for
the American Marechal Foch is far
W%| J|‘. y superior. Each 50c; dozen #5.00.

|l v\ jr^ Primulinus Hybrids

Mi ll/v jN A mixture of this charming type with all

|j jjj&T' T its wonderful assortment of delicate shades,
will in If you want to be introduced to novelties —

1 *1)1 1 1 here is your opportunity. Dozen 85c; hundred

ml 1 *6-°°-

“My Garden Favorites ”

fM/j \/l A catalogue so true that you don’t doubt

fWj}^. a word of it. Very much what the garden

lover has longed for all along.

r Write and secure one, but do it now. It is free

Wl MAURICE FULD, Inc.

vX 1 / D'fferent" Plantsmen, Seedsmen

Y\J// L 7 West 45th Street New York

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

63

mmiriwiiinjjig

Make Your Spring Planting
an Immediate Success

Don’t waste time waiting months
and years for the enjoyment of
beautiful home surroundings.
Wyman’s Framingham Nursery
stock — whether deciduous tree,
shrub, or evergreen — is carefully
nurtured under the rigorous cli-
matic conditions of old New Eng-
land— well seasoned, hardy, vigorous —
a finished product any size you wish —
ready to take hold at once and deliver
its full beauties to you from the mo-
ment it reaches your home grounds. It
offers a tremendous advantage over
the average run of nursery stock.

Send for our handsome book
“ Beautiful Home Surroundings”
Free on Request

ra.mmgK2k.rR. JN\ir,yerie.y

FRAMINGHAM, MASSACHUSETTS

Wolcott’s-

For Unusual Hardy Plants

From the very beginning, we have specialized in the un-
usual. We felt that the almost unlimited choice of hardy
plants available for many purposes, proved a stumbling
block in the selection. For this reason, we applied the
sifting down process, and are now growing what we truly
believe to be the

Most Unusual Plants
For Rock Gardens and Hardy Border

We highly value the various types of hardy Primroses, of which
we grow the most extensive collection in this country. Some of
the rarer English Hybrids are obtainable only from us. Besides,
we have perhaps the best collection of Alpine Plants for the rock-
ery, which while seemingly small and delicate, require much less
care to succeed with them, than many of the more showy, and
also more exacting perennials. May we send you a copy of

Choice and Rare Hardy Plants

You will find this small but concise sixty-four page booklet, a true
index to all the best in the hardy plant world. We would appre-
ciate receiving your postcard request by return mail.

Wolcott Nurseries

Jackson Michigan

For Unusual Hardy Plants, write to

‘Wolcott’s

We Don’t Make

Much Noise About It —

But just the same — We have a very full line
of Ornamental Nursery Stock

Northern Grown and
Well Grown as

we can convince any who will trouble to
inspect our Nurseries.

We can supply large trees — Deciduous and
Evergreen — for those desiring immediate
effect — Our Motto is

Value for Value

Send for Catalogue and Price List if interested.

The Bay State Nurseries

W. H. WYMAN, Proprietor

North Abington, Mass.

64

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

You Garden Lovers
Send For Your New
Ten-Ten Book

It’s a real joy to look at both inside
and out; with its quaint illustrations
and sunny covers.

Easy to read. Easy to find things.

We’ve listed the ten best of everything
for your garden and grounds — from
seeds to shrubs and trees.

All of which turns bother into zestful
pleasure.

There’s an illustrated index. A really
interesting index, where you’ll find all
your old garden friends.

Both their common and botanical names
are given, and just the descriptions and
prices you want to know about.

Then, too, you ought to know about our
new seed envelopes. They’re so de-
lightfully fanciful in their apple green
and blue-bird garbs.

Blue for the flower seeds. Green for
the vegetables.

Wedesigned them so you can usethemfor
markers to make your garden sing while
you’re waiting for the seeds to sprout.

Send for vour Ten-Ten Book to-day, and
see what a good, folksy thing a garden
catalogue can be; and what a lot of
contentment you’ll get from ordering
wisely for your early planting.

SPECIAL OFFER

Here is a sample ten set page, "TheTen Strike of Roses."
Contains the following splendid roses: Juliet H. T.,
Los Angeles, Mrs. Ambrose Ricardo, Nerissa, Lady
Ursula, H. V. Machin, Chateau de Clos Vougeot,
Constance, Ophelia, Madame Edouard Herriot.

These two-year-old, field grown plants range from Sr
to Sr. 50 each, but a ten set, one each of the above,
will be sent you for $12. Here’s a chance for you to
start a model rose garden.

T^gelxr.y Cor

At The Si<$n of The Tree

utkerYord N.J.

CALIFORNIA DAHLIAS

Write for catalogue describing my new novelties

F. C. BURNS

SAN RAFAEL

CALIF.

Nevins’ “Success With Small Fruits”

Do you know that you can obtain more health, pleasure and
profit from a garden of strawberries and raspberries than from any
equal amount of land on your place? My beautiful new Catalogue
greets you with a smile, and tells you something about ourselves and
our favorable location where soil and climate combine to produce
plants of superior quality.

WHAT IT TELLS:

It tells: How to select varieties best adapted to your soil and needs. How to

prepare the soil for planting. When to plant. The different systems of small fruit
growing. How to plant. How to care for the patch. How to pick and market the
fruit so as to obtain the highest prices. How to renew the patch. It is a Fruit
Grower’s Guide and whether you buy your plants of us or not you will need this
helpful book — Nevins’ ‘‘Success with Small Fruits.” Send for your copy to-day.
A postal will bring it.

Elmer H.

Nevins

Bush Fruit and
Strawberry
Specialist

Ovid, Mich.

{Continued from page 54)

down the row with the cultivator. As the burlap
brushes the tops of the plants the flea beetles
fly up and become stuck on to the tar-smeared
under side of the board. When the tar on the
board becomes set, or clogged with the insects,
it is renewed with a fresh coat. Or if it is not con-
venient to provide the hot tar, strips of “tangle-
foot” fly paper may be substituted, though it is
not, I am told, quite as effective as the tar.

That the device is both effective and practical
has been demonstrated by many vegetable
growers about Toronto, Canada. I inspected
its operation at several places and also rows of
plants before and after treating, and was sur-
prised at the thorough way it had freed the plants
of this pestiferous little beetle. The cultivator
moves along the rows at the same rate as for
regular cultivating, so the crop receives at the
same time the benefit of a good cultivating. Or,
in other words, two necessary tasks are per-
formed in one operation.

L. G. Brown.

CALIFORNIAN REMINDER

Note: So much planting and seed-sowing can
be done at any time of the year in California that
it is only possible to indicate in a general way the
seasonal tasks, and even these vary greatly with the
distance north or south, on the coast or inland.

March and April. Finish planting deciduous
stock and continue with evergreens. Sow half-
hardy annuals in boxes for summer flowers.
Cannas may now be planted and Gladiolus for
mid-summer flowering. Propagate Dahlias and
Chrysanthemums by cuttings. Spray with
bordeaux such multiflora Roses as are subject
to mildew. Discourage aphis with nicotine
preparations.

THE GARDEN, A PLACE OF
WORSHIP?

When you go to your garden to worship
At an early hour of the day
Do you find that the hens have arisen
Ere yet the sun shows a ray?

And all through the darkness of slumber,

The cabbage and cut worm and fly,

The potato bug and tomato worm
Have never once closed an eye?

When a peaceful glow o’erspreads the West
And all the world seems fine,

Do you seek a moment of silent thought
In your garden? When lo! the kine

Have leaped the fence and eaten your corn!
The pigs have rooted about!

A rabbit has nibbled the grapevine stem!

And a horse meanders out!

Was it thus in the Garden of Eden?

Did Adam keep a hen?

And when Eve, his wife went out to pray
What language did she speak then?

— Allegracronk.

65

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

Will Gladioli Grace Your
Door Steps Next Summer?

The famous Petoskey-grown
Bulbs are bound to bloom

Golden Measure— Pure golden
yellow, immense spikes, the
grandest yellow gladiolus in
existence, mammoth bulbs
$4.00 each.

Louise — The finest lavender,
great big orchid like flowers,
six inches across. $1.00
each, $7.50 per dozen.

Maine— The great new white,

large, strong spikes with
large flowers of a beautiful
pure white, each #3.00.

Autumn Queen — Most beauti-
ful late blooming variety,
very large, strong spikes,
flower a cream yellow suf-
fused with peach blossom
pink and darker blotches on
the lower petals, real au-
tumn colors, per doz. $1.00.

^Inprial Offpr* One eac^ t^ie t^iree ^rst named

OpcCldl v/IlCi. above and one dozen of the Autumn
Queen, the four Aristocrats of the Gladioli for $7.00.

A Great Bargain Collection

3b blooming size bulbs made up from 15 of the choicest
and most beautiful named varieties for only $2.00.

Price List of many other Choice
Kinds gladly sent on request

C. M. GROSSMAN, EveFragrZen Petoskey, Mich.

Plant a Tree!

Dogwood — The Harbinger of Spring

Individually they never become too large for the small place ;col-
lectively, they blend in mass plantings with fitness second to none.

Their very early bloom, the duration of their wonderful
floral display, the profusion of richly tinted foliage in Autumn,
followed by long-persisting scarlet or glowing red berries provide
grace of outline and harmony of color the year round.

Rosedale also offers a complete line of Roses, Fruits and
Ornamentals at

Prices as Low as Consistent with Highest Quality
Illustrated catalogue. Write to-day.

ROSEDALE NURSERIES

Box A Tarrytown, N. Y.

66

W e Grow Them in England

WE solicit orders from critical owners or private gar-
deners who appreciate the ultimate in seed quality.
They will realize that the flower and vegetable seed we
grow in our own grounds are superior to uncertain seed
bought in the open market.

For many years we have been carefully developing
Sutton’s Flower and Vegetable Seed to the highest pos-
sible degree of excellence. It is the seed of exceptional
quality, thus produced, that we offer to those who appre-
ciate seed superiority.

Our catalogue, “The Garden Guide,” lists seeds of a
quality seldom found outside of England. It will be sent
you for 35c which will be refunded to you with your first
$5.00 order. We advise early orders as each shipment is
made direct from England.

0260

Royal Seed Establishment Reading, England

H. P. Winter & Co.
64-C Wall Street
New York, N. Y.

American Representatives

The Sherman T. Blake Co.
429-C Sacramento Street
San Francisco, Cal.

SIX TOOLS in ONE

This 201 Handy Outfit is the most useful and practical garden tool made. It is really
six in one. It sows every kind and size of garden seed either in drills or in hills from
4 in to 24 in. apart. As a cultivator it can be used with either single or double wheel.
1'he hoes, plows, teeth and rakes can be used in turn as desired. Special features are
100% accuracy in planting; non-blistering plow handle grip, full 16-inch wheel, easy
working automatic seed coverer, swinging marker and adjustable furrow, opening shoe
planting seeds uniformly at any depth desired. Write for Free Catalogue, fully
describing this and many other Garden Tools.

HUDSON MFG. CO., Dept. 3915, Minneapolis, Minn.

Makers of

M1DMH garden tools

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

A LITTLE BOOK
ABOUT ROSES

A Catalogue — and more that
is dear to every rose lover’s
heart —

Mailed on Request

GEORGE H. PETERSON

Rose and Peony Specialist

Box 50 Fair Lawn, N. J.

CALIFORNIA DAHLIAS

The Latest and Best

Our New Introductions. Illustrated Catalogue

ADVANCE DAHLIA GARDENS

Box E, Compton, California

Strawherry Plants

Grow WITTEN’S, large rooted healthy

strawberry plants are the result of
more than 80 years’ successful experience and

study. Sure to grow and produce large, luscious
’ all season. EXCLUSIVE WHITTEN BERRIES:

berries all

The COLLINS an early, hardy market variety and EATON
the StrawberrySupreme, a mid-season variety of wonder-
ful flavor and texture are our feaders. Write today for
beautifully illustrated Catalog:, full of valuable informa*
tion about Strawberries, Raspberries and small fruits.
It’s Free. Send a postal at on^e.

C. E. WHITTEN S SON. Dept. 10 BRIDGMAN. MICH

$

N

*

N

B ePc ° mb e * LANDSCAPE

for this uncrowded ARCHITECT

Inexpensive. Easy to master. Large income. Diploma awarded
Special proposition to HOME OWNERS and Plan for beauti
fying your property. Write to-day. L. W. Fisk, President.

AMERICAN LANDSCAPE SCHOOL, 23-M, Newark, New York

ATI “Impressions of Theodore Roosevelt ” (by

ui Lawrence F. Abbott). These recollections by an intimate
friend contain revealing new material not to be found elsewhere.
Net, $4.00. At all booksellers'.

^TOMATOES

Ju,,

Earlier Than You Ever
Had Before

Hundreds of Market Gardeners
are more than doubling their
profits by using my wonderful
Plant Forcing devices. Don’t be
satisfied with a garden like the
other fellow — beat him to it.

No matter how backward the
spring, it’s easy with

The Ball Seed & Plant Forcer

cheap enough to use them bv the thousands. Send for my Beautiful Free
HOOK. 1IOW to OHO» ItHiUElt. BETTER and EARLIER CROPS than you
ever had before. It gives you gardening information found in no other pub-
lication. It tells you how you can have a garden with flowers in full bloom
and vegetables for > our table a month earlier than you ever had before. Just
drop me a postcard and I'll send you your copy by return mail.

THE BALL MANUFACTURING COMPANY
Department “E** Glenside, Pa*

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

67

Water-Lilies Belong
to Every Garden

whether large or small, formal or casual.
Their brilliantly colored, heavily per-
fumed blooms make them far different
from anything you have grown. You
don’t need a pond — any tub or half-
barrel will be alright.

Our free catalogue is brim full of help-
ful information and definite descriptions.
Put your name on a card and let us send
a copy to you.

Independence Nurseries

[Box M, Independence, Ohio J

>:

bt

kt

it

DO you want trees,
plants, flowers for your
lawn, garden, or orchard
this Spring? A fine Hemlock
Hedge, as hardy as it is beautiful,
will give a wonderful touch to
your grounds. Planting time is
near. Send for our latest cata-
logue— it will help you with its
many suggestions. Write to-day.

THE MORRIS NURSERIES
Box 804, West Chester, Pa.

THE ROMANCE OF OUR TREES by Ernest H. Wilson, M. A., V. M. H.

For tree lovers and book lovers both. Limited edition. Illustrated. Net $10.00

Plant Blueberries for Pleasure and Profit

The Blueberry is among the finest of fruits, in fact the very finest of all berries for pies, but is almost
unknown in the average garden. This is due to the scarcity of nursery grown plants, the only kind that
transplant easily. We have to offer this Spring some beautiful nursery grown plants, ideal for suc^
cessful results in the home garden, the plants being very hardy, rapid growers and heavy bearers. A
dozen plants should be plenty for the average family.

ilueberries can be planted most successfully in the Spring, We feel confident that every customer
of ours will wish to take advantage of this offer and secure at least a few of the plants for his or her
garden.

It is almost impossible to find a description of its flavor. It is safe to say that the Blueberry is in a
class by itself, with its delicious melting flesh, full of rich creamy juice and a delicate wild taste all its
own. Next Summer when you are eating luscious Blueberry pies made from berries picked from
your own bushes you will appreciate the wisdom of your purchase.

WRITE for our beautif ul Spring Catalogue illustrated in colors.

J. G. MAYO & CO., 902 E. & B. Bldg., Kochester, N. Y.

68

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

I Your Flower Garden

'“THE Estates and Homes around Pittsburgh are famed for their attractive surround-
1 ings. We take pardonable pride in the fact that since 1877, it has been our priv-
ilege and pleasure to provide Seeds for Pittsburgh’s most critical amateur and professional
gardeners. We offer one of the most comprehensive collections of Flower Seeds in this
B country. “Ask Your Neighbor!”

Sixteen Beautiful Annuals ,

Easy to Grow, For One Dollar, Postpaid

Last year the Editor of GARDEN MAGAZINE, after examining the collection, bought
several of them, and pronounced them by far the best general purpose collection of
easily grown Annuals ever offered. All of these are of very strong vitality, and the
j plants even as seedlings, make very small demands in the way of special attention, soil,
and care. They will grow literally for anybody, and will do well where even but few hours of sunshine help
each day. The principal ones are: Candytuft, Celosia. Cosmos, Orange Daisy, Hyacinth Bean, Escholtzias,
Godetias. Kochia. Marigold. Nigella, Petunia, Salpiglossis, Scabiosa, Verbena, Vinca, and Zinnias.

Special Offer: We will mail one packet of each, our choice of varieties,

1 16 packets in all, for $1.00 postpaid. This provides a

constant supply of flowers from July until frost.

General Garden Guide Sent Free on Request

Beckert’s Seed Store

Complete Garden Service Since 1877

101-103 Federal Street Pittsburgh, Pa.

Written to help home-gardeners to make the garden truly serve the home. Abounds with cultural directions
based on many years of practical experience. Its
illustrations are faithful reproductions of crops
you may grow from our seeds. A free copy is
awaiting the call of every GARDEN MAGAZINE
Reader. Please ask for yours TO-DAY.

J

Bowers of Beauty

An Unrivalled Offer of Climbing Roses

We have secured from one of the most reliable Rose growers of America,
a fine lot of two-year-old field-grown Roses in the following varieties, to
be shipped in late March or early April.

Climbing American Beauty. A rose
of great merit. Color, a rosy crimson, simi-
lar to H. P. American Beauty, and a fra-
grance rarely found in ( limbing Roses. Flow-
ers 3 to 4 inches in diameter of fine form,
produced in great profusion.

Dorothy Perkins. A clear cherry pink
Rose of sweet fragrance. The double flowers
are borne profusely in clusters, and are last-
ing. Vigorous and hardy in all localities, and
always healthy. This Rose is one of the
best for pergolas, arbors, or for ground cover.

Excelsa (Red Dorothy Perkins). A
beautiful double clear bright crimson with
no trace of magenta, and foliage always clean
and glassy with never any mildew which
sometimes makes Crimson Rambler un-
sightly.

Hiawatha. Single, bright ruby red pet-
als shading to white at the base, makes the
flowers of this Rose distinctive. It grows
rapidly, and produces strong canes. Like
the Memorial Roses in general, Hiawatha
will grow almost anywhere, and produces its
lovely flowers in abundance.

Philadelphia Rambler. This Rose
blooms earlier than the Crimson Rambler.
The flowers are glowing crimson, double, and
of good substance. The clusters are large
and attractive. Very vigorous.

White Dorothy. This Rose is a dupli-
cate of Dorothy Perkins except in color. It
is rapidly displacing the old fashioned White
Rambler.

Strong two-year, field grown, 75c
each, $7.50 per doz.

SPECIAL OFFER:

One each of the six varieties; a
splendid collection for S4.00. Prices on larger quantities upon application.

SPRINGDALE NURSERY CO., (near Pittsburgh) Springdale, Pa.

1

You Will Have

Rich, Velvety Lawns

Luxurious Plants and Shrubbery

if yr u use the wonderful new invention for scientific fertilization — the

FERTALL GUN

With Fertall Ball Fertilizer

Fertall Balls are sparkling, all-soluble, odorless, no-waste
plant food.

Load the gun with the balls, attach to your garden hose or sprinkler and sprinkle in the
usual way. The fertilizer will be distributed evenly and effectively in dilute liquid form,
wherever you wish to apply it. keeping your lawn fine, healthy and weedless throughout the
summer.

One charge of six balls will thoroughly fertilize an average home lawn, 20 x 40 feet one time.

Fertall contains no Nitrate of Soda, hence will discourage the growth of weeds, and will
eventually crowd them out.

Order

Yours

To-day

THE FERTALL CO., 9 Campbell St., Newark, N. J.

Combination Offer

THE FERTALL GUN

(of brass like the nozzle)
and 12 charges of

Fertall Balls

sufficient for a season's feeding of an average home lawn.

By Parcel Post Prepaid
When ordering, kindly give your dealer’s name.

69

Garden Magazine, March, 1921

“Weedless Lawns ”

within the reach of all

Poor seed can’t make your lawn beautiful.
Seed composed mostly of chaff and weed seeds is unfit
to sow, good seed is cheaper because it goes farther.

Scott’s Lawn Seed grows. We guarantee it to give

perfect satisfaction.

Special Offer

For $1.00 let us send you three pounds of Scott’s Lawn
Seed, compounded from the finest grasses, especially
selected for freedom from weeds and waste matter.

EVEN if your suburban lot is a small one, you are
entitled to a liberal share of the two chief benefits
which living in the country should bring you —
beauty and comfort. The measure in which you
secure these benefits depends almost entirely upon the
wisdom with which you plant your home grounds.

If you take particular pains with four essentials in the
planting of your grounds, you are pretty certain to in-
sure success in achieving beauty and comfort for your
home. These four essentials are: a foundation planting
that will tie your house to the ground and not let it
look like a box; an arrangement of your shrubbery, flowers,
etc., so that your lawn will not look too crowded and
will allow the eye to enjoy perspective and one or
more vistas; a liberal planting of shade trees, necessary

havens in hot weather, affording cool spots for work, rest and play,
for both young and old, and desirable as well for the added touch of
charm to the view of the home: and. finally, the shrewd planting of
screens, by means of shrubs, trees, trellises, etc., particularly in the back
yard, to shut off from view the unsightly and the unkempt, whether it
be your neighbor's or your own, a garage, a laundry-yard, a billboard,
or a telegraph pole.

Our experience in furnishing plants for many thousands of places,
ranging from large estates to small suburban homes, and our vast re-
sources in varieties of nursery stock, make us particularly qualified to help
you achieve success with your home grounds, Wrile us fully, and let
us see if we cannot contribute to your enjoyment of country life.

Moons Nurseries

THE WM. H. MOON CO.

^ MORRISVILLE PENNSYLVANIA

which is I mile from Trenton, N. J.

70

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

- -

sa h

vJ

Dodson >\ re n House. Built
of solid oak. cypress, shingles and
copper coping. 4 compartments.
28 in. high. 18 in. in diameter.

Price $6.00.

4 compartments Dodson Sex angular

21 in. high. 18 in. Flicker House 16*4 in.

in diameter. long, 12 in. wide. 11 in.

Price $6.00. deep. Price $6.00.

Dodson Purple Martin House
(cottage style) 28 compartments
32x27 in. Price $16.00. Other
styles up to $78.00.

Dodson Bluebird
House. Built of
solid oak. cypress, shin-
gles and copper coping.

Dodson Bird Houses

scientifically built by Mr. Dodson who has spent a lifetime in studying the birds, their
habits and how to attract them to beautiful “Bird Lodge,” his home and bird sanctuary
on the Kankakee River should be

Erected Now

The first of the feathered travelers are beginning
to arrive, and the Dodson House means “home”
to them. They will immediately occupy them and
not only stay with you, but attract their fellow
songsters as they return from their migration.

Don't delay. Erect the Dodson Houses now and
let them weather and blend in with the general sur-
roundings. They will keep the birds with you all
summer to protect your trees, shrubs, flowers, and
gardens, and cheer you with their beauty and song.

Order Now ■

Free Bird Book sent on request, illustrating Dodson Line, giving
prices; free also beautiful colored bird picture worthy of framing. Dodson

Cement
Bird Bath
Price

JOSEPH H. DODSON, Audubon Association 709 Harrison Ave., Kankakee, 111.

in diameter.

Dodson Sparrow Trap, guaranteed to rid your community of these quarrelsome pests, price $8.00

I:

WHERE else can you buy plants
that take the guess-work out of
rose growing — absolutely. For on
every Conard Star Rose you get our
Star Tag Guarantee. This not only
means your money back if the rose
doesn’t bloom, but it also retains for
you the name of the rose on a perma-
nent celluloid tag which you leave on
the plant.

It’s not the guarantee which makes our
roses bloom, but the quality of our
plants, which enables us to make the
guarantee — hardy field-grown plants
raised by famous rose specialists.

Our little book, “Success with Roses,”
is worth dollars. Price to you, 10c.
Send for it. Send also for big cata-
logue of over 200 varieties, free on
request.

CONARD ★ ROSES

& JONES CO. Box 24 WEST GROVE, PA.

Robert Pyle. Pres. A. Wintzer, Vice-Pres.

Rose Specialists — Backed by over 50 years’ experience

HODGSONhoSs

Let us be your architect and contractor for an
artistic, sturdy, comfortable house. Look through
the pages of the Hodgson Portable House Cata-
log and pick out the one that suits your taste and
fits your requirement. There are houses for
every purpose — cottages, for the shore, summer
bungalows, play houses, churches, school houses
and garages.

Hodgson Portable Houses come to you in
painted sections that are ready to be erected.
Everything is done except bolting them together.
This requires no skilled help. You can do it
yourself in a surprisingly short time. A full set
of simple directions accompany the house.

Hodgson Portable Houses are made of durable
Washington Red Cedar, with frames of the finest
quality Oregon Pine. The sections fit so tightly,
the roof and walls are so perfectly made, that
the house is absolutely weather proof and solid.
Fireplaces and cellars are easily added.

Your order should be placed at once. Write
for the catalog today.

E. F. HODGSON CO.

Room 228 71-73 Federal Street

Boston, Mass.

6 East 39th St., New York City

i

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The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

71

For 40 years Stokes Seeds
have been noted for reliability.
This quality is reflected in our
catalog. It is truthful in men-
tioning weaknesses, conserva-
tive in praising points of merit.
The usual confusion of varietal
names is avoided by using the
name given by the introducer.
The origin, history, culture
and use of nearly every item
is clearly stated.

A copy will be sent free on request.

DeLue’s Judith

Trade Mark Registered

New Wonder Strawberry

FOR THE HOME OR MARKET GARDEN

Copyrighted 1920 by Frederick S. DeLue

Long Season— Very Productive— Superb Flavor
Planted Now Will Fruit Next Summer

One dozen plants, $2.50 — Potted, $3.00
Fifty plants, . . 9.00 — Potted, 11.00

Hundred plants, 15.00 — Potted, 20.00

Send check or money order, no postage

The DeLue Experimental Farm

Dept. F Needham, Mass.

Copyrighted iqzo by Frederick S. DeLue

is the result of 10 years’ scientific experi-
menting to perfect a mixture which
would quickly produce a permanent,
sturdy turf of indisputable quality.

Wonderlawn Grass Seed transforms the
grounds into a luxurious lawn which
remains green from early Spring to
Christmas.

Your local dealer will gladly give you a
testing sample. Should you not know
where to get it, write us and we shall be
delighted to send you the name of the
nearest dealer to your home, who carries
Wonderlawn Grass Seed.

ATLANTIC GRASS SEED CO.

46 West Broadway

New York

WONDERLAWN

RE G . US. PATENT Off.

GRASS SEED

You Can Have A Perfect Lawn

Two Weeks Earlier
Than Your Neighbor

72

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

A Comparison cf the Common Blueberry and the Fruits from our Plants

Blueberries and Cream

Or old-fashioned Blueberry pie; or a slice of white bread thickly spread
with preserved Blueberries; or — Oh my! what’s the use, for

Is Any Other Fruit More Delicious?

But they can be still better, for there is a vast difference between common Blue-
berries and the big juicy fruit that plants from Whitesbog will produce. As
much difference as there is between a crabapple and a Winesap.

Now, because of some remarkable discoveries in Blueberry culture, there is a
strong probability that you can grow these native American Blueberries in your
own garden. The chief requirement is an acid soil, or one free from lime. We will
tell you how to prepare the soil, so that we are almost sure the plants will succeed.

Our “Try and Report Offer”

Three Plants for $3 Delivered

is made' to readers of the March issue of GARDEN MAGAZINE, with the distinct
understanding that the purchaser reports to us from time to time how the plants
are growing and the amount of fruit produced. We couldn’t possibly sell three
plants for $3 except with this agreement. Stock is limited, and orders will
be filled in rotation so long as supply lasts.

Box G

JOSEPH J. WHITE, Inc.

New Lisbon, New Jersey

We will be glad to answer inquiries about the Blueberry — one of America’s finest fruits. You ought also to read the
article in the November, 1920, issue of Garden Magazine.

‘No library complete without Kipling complete 99

Rhododendron Maximum

In car lots

Mt. Laurel

In car lots

Fruit Trees, Fruit Plants, Roses

and other Ornamental trees and plants
Send List of Wants for Price

MORRIS NURSERY CO.

1133 Broadway, New York City

ORCHIDS

Largest importers and growers of
Orchids in the United States

Send twenty-five cents for catalogue. This amount will be refunded
on your first order.

LAGER & HURRELL
Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J.

Asters— Dahlias— Gladiolus

the grandest trio of Summer and Fall blooming flowers in ex-
istence. Fine for garden adornment; unexcelled for cut flow-
ers. 12 dozen very best, long stemmed, named cut flower
Asters, 12 distinct varieties, 144 sturdy plants ready to set in
the ground $1.00. 12 very’ finest and freest-blooming Dahlias

all named and no two alike, $1.00. 44 choicest large-flowering
Hybrid Gladiolus, finest types and colors, assorted, $1.00.
The three collections prepaid to your door. In all 200 choice
bulbs and plants, S2.50.

Ask for our easy money-making Show Garden Plan

NATIONAL SHOW CARDENS
No. 1 Lovers Lane Spencer. Ind„ U. S. A.

STANDARD
OF THE WORLD

Suitable Designs of Iron Fence and
Gates for town houses, suburban homes,
country estates and all other properties.

We invite correspondence with those
who are interested. Estimates furnished.

The Stewart Iron Works Co., Inc.

“The World’s Greatest Iron Fence Builders”
220 Stewart Block, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Sales and Construction Representatives
in Principal Cities.

WRITE FOR BOOK OF DESIGNS.

YOUR OLD FRIEND

Geo. S. Woodruff

Independence, Iowa

OFFERS:—

Three (3)each America, Mrs. King, Cracker Jack, Queeny,
Burrell, Blue Hybrids, Primulinus Hybirds, Annie Wig-
wam. These 24 Gladiolus Bulbs, all marked, postpaid
for $1.00.

Or Collection D

One bulb each FLORA, Crimson Glow, Goliath, Red
Emperor. Prince of Wales, Meadow vale, Halley, Autumn
Queen, Princeplne, worth $2.25 for $1.50. All marked
and sent postpaid.

New Catalogue free

“PUGET rk A U1 I A C lead THE
SOUND DAI1LIAO WORLD”

You would be pleased with our new Dahlias, which are
suitable for Massing for color effect, hedges, bedding or ex-
hibition. Very fine types for cutting. Your collection is not
complete without some of these beauties.

Catalogue on request.

MRS. GEO. SHEFFIELD, Dahlia Grower, Burton, Wn.

Gorgeous Iris Collection

20 Finest named varieties, separately labeled for
$5.00; value $8.50. Mixed Iris £1.00 per doz, $5.00
per 100. We grow choice varieties of gladiolus,
dahlias, peonies, small fruits. Catalogue free.

THE RANSOM FARM Geneva. Ohio

ANBDRBA

Ornamentals exclusively
distinctive in quality ana
variety for street, park
and all civic planting
6ll)e cater to the most
discriminating trade.

Hale you seen ANDORRA?

ANDORRA

NURSERIES

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

73

,

THE ELM CITY NURSERY COMPANY

Originators and introducers of BOX-BARBERRY
and Ibolium Privet

WOODMONT NURSERIES, INC.

NEW HAVEN,

Near Yale Bowl CONN.

Box-Barberry

New Hardy Edging and
Dwarf Hedge

Box- Ra. berry as grown
Washin

at Pan American Grounds,
' ton , 1). C

2-yr-old Ibolium Privet

Box-Barberry is a new dwarf, upright and com-
pact form of the popular Berberis Thunbergii, or Japan
Barberry. It is perfectly hardy, thriving anywhere
the latter will grow and does not carry wheat rust.

In introducing Box-Barberry, we offer, to the lover
of plants, something entirely new7 for edging and low-
hedge purposes.

Not only will Box-Barberry successfully take the place of the box border in localities where Boxwood
is not hardy, but it gives an additional autumn charm to the garden by changing the color of its foliage
from a pleasing green to yellows and rich reds.

When planted from four to six inch centers and kept closely trimmed, Box-Barberry forms most
attractive edgings for borders and formal gardens. It also makes a beautiful low hedge wrhen set from six
to tw-elve inches apart, and can be planted as foreground shrub, or trimmed into formal specimens.

Ibolium — The New Hardy Hedge Privet

Another introduction of ours. A cross between Ibota and Ovalifolium. This new hybrid possesses
the attractive characteristics of California Privet, with the hardiness of Ibota.

The original plant, now7 standing in our nurseries, is ten years old. All stock propagated from it has remained
uniformly vigorous, developing no constitutional weakness, or susceptibility to blight or disease. It is upright in its
habit, with glossy, round foliage, and fills out even fuller at the bottom than does the California Privet.

Inquire for Prices of both Box-Barberry and Ibolium Privet.

Box-Barberry bordering path. Its usefulness for similar
purposes is almost unlimited.

GREGORY’S s°zds

Special Sweet Corn Offer

3 Packets of the best for only 25c

EVERY home and market gardener should plant Gregory’s early,
intermediate and late Golden Sweet Corn this year. Our three
leading varieties are Bantam Evergreen, which is Golden Bantam
crossed with Stowell’s Evergreen, producing ears 7 to 9 inches, 12
to 14 rows. Its quality is hard to beat. Charlevoix is another
delicious yellow grain corn; ears about 7 inches, of sweet, rich nutlike
flavor. Our Golden Bantam, third in this assortment, is of excellent
flavor and a great favorite.

Don’t miss this opportunity; one generous packet of each of
these dependable varieties of Golden Sweet Com for 25c., postpaid.

Send coin or stamps to-day.

Our 1921 Catalogue Free — Send to-day

With this special offer we send our 1921 catalogue free. It describes standard
as well as special sorts of Gregory’s vegetable and flower seeds with valuable
cultural directions.

J. J. H. GREGORY & SON

Established in 1856

502 Elm Street Marblehead, Mass.

LAWN GRASS

Muller-Sealey Co/s Special Mixture

To Make A Good Lawn, Good Seed Is Absolutely Essential

JM

Our Lawn Mixture is composed solely of the purest and heaviest seeds
of the finest leaved, dwarf-growing species of grasses, carefully blended,
which produces a turf in six weeks that will retain its rich green color and
velvety appearance throughout the entire summer.

Grass Seed mixtures at a much lower price are generally sold but the
use of these can only lead to disappointment if a really fine Lawn is desired.

WE SUPPLY ONLY ONE QUALITY— THE BEST
One pound of this mixture will sow 300 sq. ft.; 100 pounds will sow one acre.
Price per lb. 55c; 5 lbs. $2.65; 10 lbs. $5.00; 25 lbs. $12.00; 100 lbs. $45.00
Delivered Free Anywhere in the United States
For other Grass Mixtures see our General Catalogue, mailed on request.

Correspondence on Horticultural Subjects is incited, and your patronage is respectfully requested.

MULLER-SEALEY COMPANY, Inc.

Horticultural Specialists 145 West 45th Street, New York

74

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

Flowering Shrubs and Plants
for Spring Beauty

Yet their beauty is not limited to the period of bloom, for a collection of rare
specimens is attractive and interesting even after the flowers have faded.

Philadelphia. Norma, Banniere, Romeo,
and other large-flowering varieties, with the
dwarf Gerbe d’Neige and Boule d’Argent.

Cotoneaster Franchetii. New, rose-colored
flowers and brilliant orange fruits. Other
desirable varieties are here also.

Deutzia crenata magnifies. One of the fin-
est white flowering shrubs in existence.
Also dwarf varieties for foundation planting.

Magnolias. A meritorious list in varying
sizes from 3 to 5 feet.

An exceptionally choice collection of Flowering shrubs, Evergreens, Boxwoods, Perennials, §|
including the famous W yomissing Peonies and Irises are accurately described in

Farr’s Hardy Plant Specialties (7tli edition) sent for $ 1 j

a real handbook and gardener’s companion, too expensive to be distributed promiscuously, but M
will be sent on receipt of $i, which may be deducted from the first order amounting to $10
H for plants, trees, or shrubs.

BERTRAND H. FARR, Wyomissing Nurseries Company

104 Garfield Avenue Wyomissing, Penna.

%sm ' ■ - t ? hi ;is m * me

From Old Virginia

The Gardenland of America

Send your order to-day

WILLIAMS
SEED CO.

69-71 Commer-
cial Place
Norfolk, Va.

Our Special Front Cover Offer
4 Superb Vegetables 50c Postpaid

i pkt Williams’ Early Harvest Wax Beans. A stringless
wax bean, i pkt. Williams' Crimson Beauty Beet. A
globe shaped crimson variety. i pkt. Williams’
Bonanza Lettuce. An ideal new head lettuce,
i pkt. Selected Country Gentlemen Corn. The
favorite garden sort.

Our Special Back Cover Offer
4 Choice Flowers 50c Postpaid

i pkt. Williams’ Virginian Queen Giant
Cosmos. Pure White, i pkt. Williams’
Pride of Norfolk Zinnia. Bright
Scariet. i pkt. Lorraine Poppies.
Mixed colors, i pkt. Mammoth
Dowering Dwarf Nasturtium.
Mixed colors.

Both of the above collections for
?i oo postpaid and we will gladly
include a copy of our 56 page
INFORMATION BOOK ON
t - GARDENING.” This charm-
ing book contains many val-
uable hints and ideas for gar-
den lovers.

Under-Glass Gardens for Everyone

THE joy of possessing an under-glass garden is witkin tke reack of everyone.

Tkere are beautiful Callakan kouses for tke suburban Home and equally
attractive ones just tbe size for city residences — and they are easily enlarged or
moved. Tken Callakan Sectional Greenkouses are recognized as tke most
economical type of permanent construction.

Built in completely finished unit sections, which permits of quantity pro-
duction, Callakan greenkouses are furnisked at surprisingly low costs. Erection
costs, too, are eliminated because anyone can quickly and easily bolt tke sections
togetker — only a wrench and screw driver are needed. Even tkougk you garden
as a spare time recreation you may be sure of a successful garden. Ideal growing
conditions are assured by tke double-glass construction and side wall insulation.
Our Greenkouse Book will interest you. It’s free.

T. J. CALLAHAN COMPANY
203 Fourth St., Dayton, Ohio

Duo-Glazed Sask for Hotbeds and Cut-to-

Garden Statuary

Display Fountains, Ice Cooled Drinking
Fountains

Various Designs Carefully Worked Out and Models
Beautifully Made

Consult us to prepare special designs for any-
thing you require in Ornamental Iron or Bronze

for Home or Gar-
den.

We issue separate
catalogues on:
Display Foun-
tains, Drinking
Fountains, Elec-
troliers, Vases,
Gateways, Sun
Dials, Stable Fit-
tings, Lanterns in
Wrought Iron,
Lamp Posts for
Driveways, etc.

Ornamental Department

THE J. L. MOTT IRON WORKS

Fifth Avenue and 17th Street New York City

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

75

Gives Old Soil the Vigor of New

You know what wonderful crops new, virgin soil yields. Old soil treated with

IJSODUSf

nuMuj

The Essence of Fertility

becomes like virgin soil. It will “grow” anything and in abundance.

This remarkable natural silt and leaf loam fertilizer puts new “pep” and vigor into
the growth of plant life of all kinds.

Nothing equals it for lawns, shrubs, trees, flower and vege-
table plants.

The test of a 2-bushel sack will convert you to its permanent use.

It is sweet and odorless.

Read our literature, of interest to gardeners, nurserymen, estate
managers, greenskeepers and all engaged in plant culture.

Order a sample 2-bushel sack

SODUS HUMUS COMPANY

190 Main Street Benton Harbor, Michigan

The Gladiolus

is the Queen of the Garden

AN ideal cut flower,
blooming from July 1
till frost, with a remarkable
* a. range of color, easy to

xZmr grow, cheap as a tulip,

beautiful as an orchid.

“THE MODERN GLADIOLUS” a

'A, ■ booklet of 12 pages giving complete

directions for culture and a list of
I v fifty best varieties with brief and ac-

curate descriptions. All poor vari-
ous FRANK ’ eties fiave been cufied out, and about

PENDLETON” : fifteen tested novelties are included.

One half actual size Send postal to-day for your copy.

Special Offers

Beginners will enjoy our “Amateur Collection, 99 50 bulbs, ten named

varieties sent postpaid for $1.50

No. 3 BIG VALUE DOLLAR COLLECTION
One bulb each of ten choice varieties $1.00

BROOKLAND SPECIAL

All colors mixed, extra fine collection, 100 large bulbs by express collect (50

at same rate) $5.00

No. 6 BIG FOUR

« Grand nooelties, sure prize winners, the best ever offered

“Purple Glory, ” a ruffled giant, best and richest of the dark shades each $2.00

“Crimson Glow,” immense crimson, tall each .50

“Mrs. Dr. Norton, “ beautiful combination of pink, white and cream each 1.00
“Mrs. F. C. Peters,” choice new seedling, rose violet with crimson

blotch each 1 .00

One bulb of each of these four new varieties $4.00

BROOKLAND GARDENS

S. E. Spencer, Prop. Lexington St., WOBURN, MASS.

' Handsome Evergreens*!
At Bedrock Prices |

OUR EVERGREENS are given so much room and sun- ^

light that they form thick foliage from tip to base. We

guarantee every specimen to be symmetrical and well-

developed, both as to roots and branches. :•*

wi

Just now unusual conditions permit us to offer excep- &
tional values in the larger sizes — 6-foot A

and up. From our large list we have Sii

Large-Size Specimens itH |

Variety Size Each wj

Koster’s Blue Spruce 7 to 8 feet £14.00 yS

Norway Spruce 7 to 8 feet 3.50 > '/l

American Arbor Vitae 8 to 10 feet 8.00 .

Plume-like Retinospora 7 to 8 feet 7.00 ... .'mL'

Canadian Hemlock 6 to 7 feet 6.00 E '

Special rates on large quantities

Planting Guide FREE

Our 10:1 Planting Guide contains information ^

of value to every Garden Magazine reader. From

it you can select every planting requisite for '*■?., v/fi
lawn, fruit garden and orchard. Send for your /fa

copy to-day. We yse Extreme Care in Digging

.... J.C.HARRISONX SONS' V IV ’PRQBRIETOBS V/S

Box 56 W V5 J [) ^

Berlin, Maryland °'

wTni5tworthy^»V the World “

76

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

You Need These Books

Worth Many Dollars. Costs You Only 10 Cents

Fruit for Your
Home Grounds

What would you give to have a friend
en whom you could absolutely depend, tell
you what to do and what not to do, to
make a success of fruit growing ?

Here, in the form of a book by a lead-
ing authority, is just an ever ready friend
to every grower and would-be grower of
fruit. Its name is “Fruits for the Home
Grounds.”

Besides all the rest, it is filled with in-
valuable information as to care and fare.
The only book of its kind yet published.
Worth many a dollar; sent for so little as
io cents.

Your Home Grounds
How to Plant Them

Liberty H. Bailey, of Cornell, has been
induced to write another of his delightfully
informative planting books.

In it, he tells you exactly the things
you most need to know to successfully
and lastingly beautify your grounds with
shrubs, vines and trees.

In an almost mystic way he has antici-
pated and answered just the things most
folks want to know, but don’t know
where to find out.

At last, then, here is a book that gives

you real help, in a way easy to follow.

Sent for io cents each , through the courtesy of The American Association of
Nurserymen. Write for them at once to the Secretary's Office at Princeton, N. J.

New Colors

ARE you already acquainted with my
Gladiolus Primulinus? Nothing is
more elegant and beautiful than my Gladi-
olus Primulinus, with their artistically ar-
ranged flowers, and their Oriental colors.
And nothing is more bright and brilliant
than my Gladiolus Chautauqua Red.

Catalogue including Iris and Paeonias free
on request.

THE CHAUTAUQUA FLOWER FIELDS

C. Zeestraten, Prop.

Bemus Point New York

Pot-grown rose bushes, on own roots, for everyone
anywhere. Plant any time. Old favorites and new
and rare sorts, the cream of the world's pro-
ductions. “Dingee Roses" Known
as (he best for 70 years. Safe deliv-
ery guaranteed anywhere in U. S.
Write for a copy of

Our “New Guide to Rose Culture”
for 1921 It’s FREE.

Illustrates wonderful •'Dingee Roses" in
natural colors. It’s more than a catalogue
— it's the lifetime experience of the Oldest
cind Leading Rose Growers in .America.
work on rose and flower culture for the am-
ateur. Offers over 500 varieties of Roses and other
plants, bulbs and seeds, and tells how to grow them. Edition limited.
Established 1850. 7 0 Greenhouses

THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., Box 337, West Grove, Pa.

w

A practical

For large flowers, exquisite coloring, strong stems and free blooming
qualities, my

creations are un-
surpassed. These and the best of American and Foreign varieties
described in my 1921 catalogue. Send for it.

DAHLIAS

M. G. TYLER

1660 Denver Avenue
(formerly Derby Street*
PORTLAND. OREGON

Doty Hen net

No. 4 Poultry House for 200 hens — y units

No. j Poultry House for JO hens

WEATHER-PROOF, vermin-proof, simple to venti-
late and easy to keep clean are Hodgson Poultry
Houses. They were designed to give your Poultry per-
fect protection. Made of enduring vermin-proof Wash-

ington Red Cedar, Hodgson Poultry Houses come to you
in ready painted sections that are easily erected without
skilled aid. Write for catalogue to-day.

i* . . .. Room 311. 1 1-78 Federal St., Bost on. Mass.

h. V. HODGSON 10., « East 39th st., New York Illy

Gold Medal

Gladioli —

The private gardens of Elmwood Terrace oflfers
from its magnificent collection of Gladioli, a sur-
plus of the varieties which won the Kunderd Gold
Medal and sixteen other prizes out of twenty en-
tries, at the last big show of the American Glad-
iolus Society at Boston. One-hundred and twenty-
five Kunderd’s varieties and two-hundred of the
finest commercial varieties — Prices per dozen
and one-hundred on application.

The following special offers will be sent postpaid. All
are full sized bulbs grown for exhibition purposes.

1 each Mrs. D. Norton. White Glory, Orange Glory,
Challenger (all Kunderd’s) $1.50.

2 each Myrtle, Mrs. Frank Pendleton. Mrs. W. E.
Fryer, Mrs. G. W. Moulton, Lily white, Marie Tennell (all
Kunderd’sj $1.25.

I each Kunderd’s Beautiful Primulinus Hybrids, Alice
Tiplady. Altair, Myra. Capella. Topaz. $1.50.

1 each Crimson Glow, Blue Jay, White Giant, Prince
of Wales. Goliath, Loveliness, $1.50.

2 each Mrs. Austin’s Big Four, Evelyn Kirtland,
Herada. Bertrex, Gretchen Zang, $.80.

2 each, America, Baron Hulot, Chicago White, Faust,
Golden King, Ida Van, Frances King, Mrs. Watt, Niagara
Peace, Primulinus Hybrids, Bouge Torch Schwaben, Scars-
dale. Velvet King, Queen Wilhelmina, President Taft,
$1.75, one each £1.00.

/ will appreciate your orders and fill
them conscientiously, in due time

Mrs. M. B. HAWKS, Bennington, Vermont

19^1 ^EDITION

GREAT CROPS OF

STRAWBERRIES

^ AND HOW TO GROW THEM.

Full of reliable strawberry information. Pictures
and describes the world s leading strawberries,
Kellogg’s Big Four, New Race and Everbearers.
Tells how others are making big cash profits from

Kellogg Strawberry Gardens

If you want to economize and also make a substantial cash
profit right at home, plant a Kellogg Garden this spring.
Our FREE BOOK tells all about them ami what the> are
doing in other homes. Send for ycur FREE copy to-day.

R. M. KELLOGG COMPANY (1)

Box 201 Three Rivers
Michigan

K* m \ M * 1 ^

Get Acquainted. GLADIOLI OFFERS

No. 1. — For Si. 00 we will send 12 largest exhibition Gladioli
bulbs, all different (labeled true to name,) also packet of 50
varieties of choicest Flower seeds and book on Floral culture,
listing perennials, Flower and Vegetable Seeds.

No. 2. — Collection of 50 mixed commercial Gladioli bulbs for
$1.50 (Buy direct from the grower.)

ROSE SIDE CARDENS

Warwick, Chester Co., Pa.

HODGSON PORTABLE HOUSES

Have a Beautiful Blooming Garden

from April until October

by planting our reliable

Irises, Peonies
and Gladioli

We are growers and importers of the choice
varieties. Over 600 varieties of Irises.

RAINBOW GARDENS

801-2 Commerce Bldg., St. Paul, Minn.
Send for our FREE illustrated catalogue

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

77

Bring Your Garden Up-to-Date

Plant small vegetable and flower seeds the modern way

Eliminates Guesswork, Doubt, Backache
Saves Time, Seed, Temper

It gives the beginner all the advantages of the expert, and the
expert an opportunity to have a better garden with less
work and expense.

Write to-day for our new Catalog. It will furnish you with full particu-
lars about this better, easier method of planting, also about “Pakro Packet
Seeds” of same selected quality as those used in Seedtape. A postal
will bring it free to any address.

Special Dollar Order Seedtape for “Garden Magazine” Readers

Twelve 10c packets Seedtape varieties listed below and “The Home
Garden.” a handsomely illustrated and useful book by E. L. D. Seymour

of the Country Life Press, all sent
States or Canada, for $ 1 .00.

Beet, Crimson Globe
Cabbage, Jersey Wakefield
Carrot, Chantenay
Endive, Green Curled
Kahlrabi

Lettuce, Big Boston

postpaid anywhere in the United

Onion, Prizetaker
Parsley, Double Curled
Radish, French Breakfast
Swiss Chard
Tomato, Earliana
Turnip, White Milan

American Seed & Seedtape Co.

380 Ogden St. Newark, N. J.

READY

to mail to you

In this catalog we describe accurately
the sturdy-growing varieties that have
helped us build the largest seed and
nursery business in the world. For
67 years we have listed only the
strains that we were sure deserved
our support. S & H seeds and nursery
stock will surely please you, however
critical you are.

Write— TONIGHT— for your copy of
this interesting, <nell-illustrated catalog.

The Storrs and Harrison Co.

Nurserymen and Seedsmen
Box 89 Painesville, Ohio

APRIL 25th IS ENGLISH WALNUT DAY

Plant some English Walnut Trees
this Spring— Order now.

Here in the north, thousands of English Walnut trees are thriving and bearing
delicious nuts — you are safe in planting our hardy northern grown trees in localities
where the winter temperatures are not too severe for peach trees — in almost
every locality, north, east, south or west, you will find bearing English Walnut
trees — wherever peach trees will grow, our hardy English Walnut trees will succeed.

We offer small trees as low as $1.00 each, but send for our beautiful catalogue,
which describes the different varieties, the different sizes with prices, also a multi-
tude of other hardy nut trees , fruit and ornamental trees, roses, shrubs, ever -
greens, hedge plants, etc., for while we have the largest assortment, and the largest
stock of northern grown nut trees in America, we are also growers and have been
for more than half a century, of a general line of hardy dependable nursery stock.

If you intend to plant an orchard — If you intend to beautify your grounds
— no matter how much or how little you intend to plant, start with ** Glen-
wood Grown ” trees. Send for that catalogue to-day — it’s our only salesman.

GLEN BROS., Inc., Glenwood Nursery,

Established 1866, Rochester, N. Y.

Gardens that You
Long to Possess

those real “homey” gar-
dens, where you ramble at
will and at every turn find
something new — are the
gardens where perennials
and annuals grow in happy
companionship.

But to have such a garden you
need more than a list of common
things. You wish a broad field
from which to select the bulbs,
seeds, and plants, that are to
make this “homey” garden.

GoodHold Garden

Book for 1921

contains the longest list of
good Gladioli ever issued

— all the new Ruffled varieties,
Plain- petaled sorts, and Primu-
linus Hybrids are given, and hun-
dreds of the older favorites.

Rare Perennials frem all lands —
Hardy Asters, Campanulas, new \ iolas,
Peonies, Poppies, Larkspurs — make my
list indispensable to every garden.
Flower Seeds — annuals and perennials
— round out my complete service to
garden -makers. A postal card mailed
to-day will bring promptly a copy of
this book.

Ralph E. Huntington

GoodHold Farms

Box 211, Mentor, Ohio

78

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

Clusters of Pecans Like
This in Three Years

Only our extra large Trees will produce Pecans in
such a short time; ordinary orchard-size trees require
five or six years before fruiting. These trees have
been twice transplanted to produce strong, heavy
root systems; they will make a strong growth the
first year. For the home grounds Pecans are ideal,
as they provide shade, big crops of nuts, and are
not subject ro diseases or attacks by insects.

Naturally these well grown trees cost a bit more
than small trees. They are priced at $7.50 and
$10.00, according to size, and for lawn planting they
are far cheaper than the trees usually offered, which
require several years’ growth to be as well developed.

Send money order or check, and the trees will
be shipped at planting time. Ask for my catalogue
— it will be sent free on request.

J. F. JONES,
Box G

Nut Tree Specialist

Lancaster, Penna.

Pergolas and Homes

Provided with

COLUMNS of QUALITY

IF you contemplate the building or beautifying
of a home, you must have the proper things to
do it with.

The superiority of our columns is generally acknow-
ledged. Their specification gives assurance that
the striking feature of colonial architecture will in-
sure permanent satisfaction.

For EXTERIOR and INTERIOR COLUMNS
very useful information will be found about them
in our special catalogue on the patented interlock-
joint wood stave columns. When writing enclose
15c and ask for catalogue “H"-47.

If interested in SERVICEABLE ATTRACTIONS
for beautifying the home grounds with Pergolas,
Lattice Fences, Garden Houses and Garden Acces-
sories our catalogue covering these subjects will be
sent on receipt of 10c for Cat. “H”-33.

HARTMANN-SANDERS CO.

2155-2187 Elston Ave. CHICAGO, ILL.

New York Office and Showroom
6 East 39th St., New York City

Brilliant Asters
F or Your Garden

Heart of France stands out as a glorious
triumph, even among other Vick Asters; a
gorgeous bloom of ruby red, without a trace of
blue or yellow, from the heart to the tips of
the petals. As the flowers age, they deepen in
color, retaining their marvelous beauty to the
end. The sturdy branching plants bear large
double blossoms with long stems, splendid
for cutting. The most popular Aster ever in-
troduced. — and we have introduced more
popular varieties than any other concern.
Packet, 25c; 2 for 40c.

Nature has been very generous to the Aster in her gift of color and form. No
other flower offers garden lovers more satisfactory choice of color and variation
of type for beautiful and pleasing effect. On our farms we specialize in Asters;
the best old standbys and all the new sorts. Gener-
ation after generation of Asters have been grown with
selective care to produce vigorous plants, beautiful
colors, perfect blooms. Ten pages of our Catalogue
are devoted to these flowers alone.

Send for

VICK’S Garden and Floral GUIDE for 1921

A worthwhile book for everyone interested in gar-
dening. Valuable instructions on planting and care.
For 72 years the leading authority on Vegetable,
Flower and Farm Seeds, Plants, Bulbs, and Fruits.
This book, the best we have issued, is absolutely free.
Send for your copy to-day before you forget.

JAMES VICK S SONS, 62 Stone Street. Rochester, N. Y.

"The Flower City ”

The Grace of Evergreens

The unchanging, dignified charm of an evergreen is like the steady, unwavering, quiet
friendship of an old comrade. Its beauty is dignified, yet friendly, welcoming always —
whether it be blustering Winter or blistering Summer. Qet pr(( IQ2I Evergreen

Every home should have a setting of carefully chosen Book — -full of informing

evergreens — but, they should be very carefully chosen.. Imp' evergreen selection and
They should be only evergreens of known quality, such as J *77 Ak. planting facts-

HILL’S EVERGREENS '

Specify Hill’s Evergreens when consulting with your Land-
scape Architectt Nurseryman or Florist. We have been
Evergreen Specialists for over three generations. Are in
a position to supply choicest specimens of every desir-
able variety — millions of evergreens always in stock.

Safe Delivery and Satisfaction Guaranteed. Write for
Free Copy of our latest Evergreen Book.

THE D. HILL NURSERY CO., Inc.

Evergreen Specialists for
Over 60 Years

106 Cedar Street
Dundee, 111.

79

li

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

Send for our folder HOW TO CARE FOR THE LAWN

For Beautiful Lawn

use our

Lawn Grass Seed Mixture

Made up of the finest varieties of Grass Seed in-
cluding English Sweet Vernal specially blended
for Lawns, Golf Courses and Estates.

5 lbs. .
10 lbs..
20 lbs. .
50 lbs..
100 lbs..

$ 2.50
5.00
9.50
23.50
45.00

Berry-Roseman Co,

20 West Jackson Blvd.
Chicago, 111.

The Home Beautiful

BEAUTY outside and inside, and a charmed atmosphere
that comes only with the fragrance of flowers. Is your
home like this?

For over twenty-eight years B. F. Barr & Company have
been transforming bare grounds and monotonous lawns into
magic carpets of shimmering color. Their Landscape Archi-
tectural Division employs the same skill in beautifying your
grounds with a harmony of plants and trees, as does the in-
terior decorator in furnishing the inside of your home.

Cottage and lawn, mansion and estate, whatever yours may
be — our Architects invite your correspondence. They will be
guided by your individual taste in their suggestions and plans.
Write them today — also ask for our illustrated catalog. We
will send it by return mail.

B. F. Barr & Company
KEYSTONE NURSERIES

116 Barr Building, Lancaster, Pa.

Bobbink £ Atkins

Visit

Nursery

Vorld's

Choicest
vurseryh Gre

Products
__ ilnAm^10

Ask for
Catalogue

ROSES

EVERGREENS
RHODODENDRONS
TREES AND SHRUBS
ROCK GARDEN PLANTS
OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
FRUIT TREES AND BUSHES
SPRING-FLOWERING BULBS

The well-known quality of our Nursery products remains
standard. Experience teaches us better methods of service.

Ask for our special list of Lilacs and Rock Garden Plants.

Nurserymen and Florists

Rutherford New Jersey

Brings Nitrogen From the Air

To Your Flower and Vegetable Gardens

Do not Gamble with Poor Cultures

There is iust as much difference between the quality of cultures
as there is between the quality of seeds. You would not think of
buying any but the best seed; the same motive will lead you to
buy Farmogerm. Especially effective fer —

GARDEN PEAS BEANS SWEET PEAS

Farmogerm is the most economical form of supplying nitrogen
to your garden. The Bacteria in Farmogerm are bred up to the
highest point of nitrogen fixing ability. This means the greatest
results in your flower and vegetable gardens.

Huntington, L. I., N. Y., Sept. 8. 1926.
Earp-Thomas Cultures Corporation,

80 Lafayette St., New York City.

Dear Sirs: I was so fortunate last Spring as to have my attention
called to your valuable Cultures.

1 used Farmogerm on my peas and beans with most gratifying results.
The peas that I planted were said to grow from 4 to 5 feet high and I pro-
\ ided support for that height, and the pea vines reached the top and yet
grew some more. A heavy storm when the vines were over the top caused
them to drop over so that the crop though good, was not what it would
have been had the support been high enough. 1 measured the vines
when I pulled them up, and they were eight feet from the ground to the
tips. I have a row of wax beans that I treated with Farmogerm and they
have borne a fine crop of string beans for more than two months and are
yet bearing.

I write this that some other ‘•agriculturist'’ may get some of the same
benefit. Yours truly.

Hiram Paulding.

PRICES: 5-acre size, $8; 1-acre size, $2; j-acre size 50 cents

We will be pleased to send Garden Magazine readers more
complete information about Farmogerm and its wonderful possi-
bilities for increasing the results from flower and vegetable gardens.

EARP-THOMAS CULTURES CORP.

80 Lafayette Street New York City

80

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

Made to Fit

All Size Gardens and Pocketbooks

You may have the idea that the Skinner System of watering
your garden is something for the rich man. But you are
decidedly wrong.

We have hundreds of single-lines in snug little home gardens.
Here is our good friend Evans, of Cold Water, Michigan, who
goes in for Gladioli. He is a regular fellow, who works for a
living, and thoroughly enjoys a bit of gardening, in his old
clothes.

He says that his exceptional crop of gladioli was due to plenty

of water when needed and applied though the Skinner System.
He is only 5 feet 8% inches tall, which gives you an idea of
the flowers’ height.

Furthermore, he put up his own System.

The whole thing was ready to start the rain, in less than an
hour.

Have a notion you now want our catalogue.

Glad to send you one.

If you feel inclined, state length and width of garden.

The Skinner Irrigation Cc

RHODES DOUBLE CUT

RHODES MFG. CO

527 S. DIVISION AVE., GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

*| 'HE only
* pruner
made that cuts
from both sides of
the limb and does not
bruise the bark. Made in
all styles and sizes. All
shears delivered free
to your door.

Write for
circular and
prices.

The Red Book of Seeds

Your name on a postal card
will bring it.

MEAD & WOODWARD

Box 3TS Norwalk, Ohio

PLANS FOR

POULTRY HOUSES

All Styles. 150 Illustrations. Also copy of “The Full Egg
Basket.” These will surely please — send 25c.

INLAND POULTRY JOURNAL

Dept. 85 Indianapolis, Ind.

Dahlias of Quality and Distinction

Break O’ Day Freckles Harvest Moon

Quaker City Ruth Roland Stanley

One root each of the above six dahlias winning Certificates
of Merit A. D. S. at Storrs, Conn., 1920 sent postpaid for $6.50.

We want every Garden Magazine reader interested in
dahlias to have our beautifully illustrated catalogue of the
newest and best varieties, including our Special Collections
which are of exceptional value.

Dahliadel assures you of the cleanest and healthiest stock
procurable, as all roots used in filling orders are grown by
Warren W. Maytrott at

BREAK O' DAY

Southern Grown

DAHLIAS

Resist Heat Better

\\ e grow quite a large number of the best
Dahlias in all classes under conditions that give
them a peculiar drouth resistance. May we mail
you a copy of our complete price list describing
our stocks?

Let me suggest that you plan to grow in your
1921 Garden

DR. L. C. BOSHER, The Immense Nov-
elty for 1921. Reddish Salmon shaded
to Salmon Pink the so-called Henna Shade,
Strong Roots, Each $5.00.

HICKORY HILL DAHLIA FARM

J. S. Bosher, Owner

Richmond Box 227A Virginia

The Season's Sensation

We are headquarters for the splendid new
Dahlia. Wonderfully perfect, large flower of
beautiful rare autumn shade, on long, strong
stems. Certain to become a favorite. Strong
plants $10.00 each. Safe delivery guaranteed.

FRFF Beaut>Iul picture, suitable for framing,

1 JU.L size xo by 12 inches, showing this splen-
did Dahlia actual size, in natural colors, sent free
on request.

Complete Spring Catalogue sent on request.

30-32 Barclay St. New York

CATALOG FREE

Invaluable to garden lovers — tells how to
beautify home surroundings. Gives pictures
and description of Wagner hardy flowers, trees,
and shrubs. Explains the mail service Land-
scape Department. Write for catalog 217
Wagner Piirk Nurseries, Box 17 Sidaey, Ohio
Nurserymen • Landscape Gardeners - Florists

Fruit Trees

Millions of APPLE. PEACH. CHERRY and other fruit
trees. Complete list of best varieties. Quality and reliabil-
ity guaranteed. Special prices on large quantities. Send in
your list at once and have reservation made for April deliv-
ery.

I. E. ILCENFRITZ’ SONS COMPANY
The Monroe Nursery Monroe, Mich.

TOWNSEND’S TRIPLEX

The Greatest Grass Cutter on Earth
— Cuts a Swath 86 Inches Wide

Drawn by one horse and operated by one man, the
TRIPLEX MOWER will mow more lawn in a day
than the best motor mower ever made, cut it better
and at a fraction of the cost.

Drawn by one horse and operated by one man, it
will mow more lawn than any three ordinary horse-
drawn mowers with three horses and three men.

Send for catalogue illustrating all types of
TOWNSEND MOWERS

S. P. TOWNSEND & CO.

248 Glenwood Ave. Bloomfield, N. J.

DAHLIADEL NURSERIES

VINELAND, N. J.

81

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

Fig. 689

Fig. 675

Fig. 822

Spray

Right!

THERE’S a Deming Sprayer
that just fits your special
needs — one which will insure suc-
cessful spraying with the least
labor and in the quickest time.

There are 25 Deming Sprayers of all
types, capacities and prices from the
simple bucket sprayer for the door-step
rose bushes to the 200 gallon “Victory”
Power Sprayer for the professional fruit
grower.

It pays to spray in any way, — but it pays
more to spray the right way!

Tell us what you are raising
of your garden and when
we send you the Deming
catalogue (free) we will also
recommend the proper
sprayer for your exact needs.
You will incur no obligation.

Spraying for Profit, a 60 page
guide on spraying also will be
sent upon receipt of 10 cents
to cover our cost.

THE DEMING COMPANY
319 Depot Street, Salem, Ohio

and the size

HAND AND POWER PJ/ttPS FOQ ALL US£S

QUEEN ELIZABETH

The Ideal Peony Flowered Dahlia

| The most exquisitely formed center. Absolutely perfect — the photo speaks
for itself. No collection is complete without it.

| Our new catalogue: “THE WORLD’S BEST DAHLIAS,” not only re-
1 1 produces this superb new dahlia, and “Golden West Cactus” in natural
| | colors; but tells the plain truth about the world’s new, rare and standard
| | varieties, including TEN WONDERFUL CREATIONS, NOW OFFERED
1 1 FOR THE FIRST TIME. The leading Dahlia catalogue. FREE.

| If you have not received a copy, write to-day. A post card, with your
| j name and address will bring you a copy by return mail.

|| FRFF Picture, suitable for framing, in natural size and colors of the
| | r IV Ei Ei Splendid New Decorative Dahlia Patrick O'Mara, sent free

|| on request. We recommend this as one of the best new Dahlias.

PEACOCK DAHLIA FARMS

BERLIN NEW JERSEY

1 iiiiiuiiiiiiiniiniiiiiiiiDiniiniiiuiiiu)iiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiniiii[iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!ii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^

A Garden Library for a
Dollar and a Quarter

Bound volumes of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
represent the last word on gardening. It is really
a cyclopedia of horticulture. You are kept up-
to-date. Save your copies of THE GARDEN
MAGAZINE and let us bind them for you.
There is a new volume every six months, and
Vol. 31 is now ready. Send your magazines by
Parcel Post and we will supply index, and bind
them for you for $1K2$: If you have not kept all

of the numbers we will supply the missing copies
at 25c each, or we will supply the bound volume
complete for $2.50. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE
can be of more service this year than ever before,
and you can get most out of the magazine when you
bind it, and keep it in permanent form. Address:

Circulation Department

GARDEN MAGAZINE, Garden City, N. Y.

Sunlight Double-Glazed Sash

Insure Positive Results; Earlier and
Hardier Plants With Less Work

Begin to harden off your plants now under Sunlight Double-
Glazed Sash and you will have them ready for the outdoor
bed two or three weeks before your earliest neighbor.

The Working Principle of Sunlight Double-Glazed Sash

Sunlight Double-
Glazed Greenhouse

These inexpensive Sun-
light Double-Glazed
Greenhouses are made
entirely of cypress and
glass, easily heated and
can be operated at very
little expense. Sunlight
Double-Glazed Green-
houses come ready to
put up and are easily
erected.

is based on two layers of glass, f
inch apart, which form a transpar-
ent blanket over the bed letting in
all the light all the time. No cover-
ing is needed , — hence no mat or
shutter nuisance, no worry, no
trouble. The cold is excluded, the heat retained,
even in the most severe weather.

Sunlight Double-Glazed Sash means
a successful garden and strong, healthy, and hardy
plants.

Write for free illustrated catalogue. It contains
valuable advice and information for amateur
gardeners. You will find it interesting.

Sunlight Double-Glass Sash Company

Division of Alfred Struck Co., Inc.

927 E. Broadway Est. i860 Louisville, Ky.

82

The Garden Magazine, March *

II

BIGGER CROPS-
GREATER PROFITS

7

Your gardening success, whether with sev-
eral acres or in a small back-yard, demands
that plants must be properly set. Disap-
pointing, unprofitable crops express with
unfailing certainty Nature’s disapproval of
careless, slip-shod transplanting. Avoid dis-
appointment and enjoy the satisfaction re-
sulting from bigger, more profitable crops

By Planting With

Hu

BbL

The Practical Efficient Plant-Setting Tool

Just the tool for setting your vegetable, fruit and
flower plants. Light, strong and durable. Will last
indefinitely. Every home and market gardener should
have one or more of these profitable money-savers.

Price Only $1.25 Each, Prepaid
Send us your order and remittance TODAY.

R. M. KELLOGG CO., Box 375, Three Rivers, Mich.

1

L

/or HOME W MARKET
GARDENERS

I

P. P. I. E. Grand Prize Strain. Unequalled for size
and beauty. High quality, original types only. 10
extra choice varieties, our own production (listed
from 75 cents to $2.50 each), in this special offer.

Garden Magazine Collection

$5.00 per set, prepaid.

METZNER FLORAL COMPANY

Mountain View California

AE WOH1ERT

£7/tcGARDEN

NURSERIES

TJtwberthVz

RAKE

ORIENTAL

FLOWERING

TREES

FROM JAPAN, CHINA

AND PERSIA

Send for our
catalogue in
color

tj.

A.EWOHLERT

^garden Nurseries

Uarberth ‘Pa.

p-Beebe’s 1921 Dahlias-

George Walters. (Decorative;. A glorious red and gold.

King Albert. (Decorative). The richest violet. Like
Insulinde in form.

J. M. Goodrich. (Decorative). Exquisite rosy salmon.
King of the Autumn. (Decorative). Orange buff. A

grand cut flower.

Princess Mary. (Decorative). Vivid pink. Very showy.

This unusual collection — one bulb of each variety, guaranteed
true to name, $4.00.

Send for my 1921 Dahlia Booklet. I grow only the best Dahlias
— and I grow nothing but Dahlias. Did you see our offer on
page 362 February Garden?

A. W.

Maplewood

BEEBE

New Jersey

SOW

BARNARD’S

SEEDS

Catalogue on request

THE W. W. BARNARD CO.

231-235 W. Madison St. Chicago, 111.

Plows— Cultivates— Harrows— Disks

Does any tillage task quicker, better and cheaper than a horse. Pulls
wagons, mowers and other one-horse implements. Easy to operate.
Runs exactly where you want it. Send for letters from owners.

America’s Pioneer Small Tractor

In use four years by gardeners, farmers, florists, orchardists, owners of
big estates and suburban tracts; 4 h. p. on belt for stationary machinery.
See your Beeman dealer or write for beautifully illustrated folder.

BEEMAN TRACTOR COMPANY

306 Sixth Ave„ South Minneapolis, Minn.

LITTLE GARDENS OF
DISTINCTION

\A/ E CAME across it in a neat, unpretentious
’ V street. The time was early summer,
•md down the scores of streets in that suburb
were hundreds of gardens all more or less nicely
•pi- -grass well mown and flower beds filled
the usual Pansies Pennies, Roses, am
ssum and Iris; all v-.y o..cet and prett»
| | all very like c?ch other. Tnen we came tc
i bp rose garden: 1 no yard wa: no bigger than

any of its companions, just .he ordinary town
lot in size, but it was absoi different and
distinct. Probably some other plants were therg
£ >o provide for other seasons, but it gave impren
i sion of a garden simply brimming over with
I Roses. There was no attempt at the customary
handkerchief-size lawn, the place was too small
for that, yet’ the fresh green of grass was supplied
in the broad verges of turf that bordered the beds.
\ small, white pergola lifted aloft crea ..
pink Climbers; there were gloriuu., masse* :)H
strong-growing Hybrid Perpetuals and t'

lovelier and more delicate Teas. This'

| might have* been an incarnation of
of June or a nook in the palace gaiu
Haroun-al-Raschid, - ">nletely satistj
it in its beauty a -nctness from an cue

rest in the vicinity. ,

As we lingeringly passed on, we asked ei„
other why more people do not specialise in
flower at a time, inST.ea<a 'r Having little tuft
every kind in tho .catalogues? Of course
catalogues are temptirfg, almost irresistible; and
then one wants the dear old favorites; and friends
give one slips and roots that have to be p'r
somewhere; and though the result possibly is
very near to the owner’s heart, how tei
it loses in effectiveness.

The average town lot is small enough ft • *
whole of the front yard to be seen at
Larger places can have shrubberies that
up the grounds and give space for varied effects,
but the small garden is like a single room, and
that very analogy should teach us that, like a
beautifully furnished room, everything in it must
unite to give a single harmonious impression.
Why not try banishing the bewildering variety —
so like mixing all sorts of colors and st'
of furniture, Jacobean, Chippendale, Missk
in one room — and try for the unity of design
out of doors that now characterises every wiVi
planned interior? This decision would not in thv
least limit the gardener’s choice to just one
flower, for no flower is at its best for more than a
month at a time, and a succession should be
planned with the idea always in mind that only
one flower shall predominate at a time. The
chief thing next to be decided upon is the allot-
ment of space for each kind, carefully selecting
those that can be made to fit in with each other
without detriment to any. This can be done
by choosing plants of different heights and by
allowing flowers of two different seasons to occupy
the same ground. Many combinations can be
made but success will depend upon getting the
blooming seasons of each to dovetail into each
other as nearly as possible, and where the season
of one extends into the next to have it harmonize
in color and manner of growth. The following
list is given as an example of what will meet these

0 Continued on page 84)

«-.,*• garden Magazine, March, 1921

82

n>-' '’■itri

.!t

A coupon is attached for your convenience and we urge that you send it to-day V\ // hame
as only a limited number of copies can be had. \

Send the coupon or a post-card now to make sure of getting your \y^ Address
copy free. y

t

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY / City

GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK /„

' State

/

/

The Most Interesting Information in the World

The Nature Library offers you the most interesting information in
the world. It is the most authoritative. The great nature lovers
have made it the most beautifully illustrated series of volumes
that has ever been published. There are hundreds of beau-
tiful color plates and thousands uf half-tones illustrating
the subjects in all their splendor. The season will soon be
at hand when the world will be taking on a new life,
and you will want to know the new joys that Nature
has in store for you.

This Beautiful Booklet FREE

We have prepared an attractive booklet descriptive of TIIE NATURE
LIBRARY. This booklet contains six beautiful full page color plates of
birds, wild flowers, trees, butterflies, etc., and many half-tones, sample pages,
and other information about the great outdoors that is of interest to you. It will
give us pleasure to send this booklet free to any of GARDEN MAGAZINE readers
that ask for it.

But a limited number of
these booklets are to be
had. Send the coupon
or postal now for
yours. — It is Free.

/

/

Doubleday,
Page & Co.,

G.M.-3-2X Garden City, N. Y.

Please send me free and with-
out obligation the beautiful six-
teen page booklet, containing full
page color plates, sample pages,
Z etc., from The Nature Library.

|R

Jl D

Discoverers of a New World

HARD* ^ v?ar passes that these famous men, Mr. John Burroughs, Mr. Henry Ford, Mr. H. S. Firestone, and Mr.

Thomas h Fdison, do not take a camping trip to the great outdoors to get close to Nature, and forget their
business worries. From these trips they derive a pleasure, and contentment, which can be secured in no other way, for
they come in contact with all of the beauties of Nature itself, which throws forth enjoyment for everyone.

Nature is one of the subjects that fascinates everyone to know them. A full knowledge of the wild flowers that you

— yet the average person knows little or nothing about it. see in your walks is an accomplishment more than worth while.

The knowledge of any big vital subject makes it a precious The same is true of the trees — while every species of little

possession. The country about you would be far more in- animal and insect and butterfly lives a life full of wonderful

teresting if you had a knowledge of the living wild things: secrets. You can gain an intimate knowledge of the tens of

could know the birds by name, their habits, their peculiar- thousands of interesting subjects, and you enjoy the greatest

ities; for all the species are different. Many of the birds pleasure in learning about them. The children will read the

are rapidly becoming extinct, and it is a duty as well as a joy volumes with pleasure too — they are so delightfully written.

84

^rtOME

^^'^^fevOWNER5

10 BOOKS

landscape

gardening

A WONDERFUL library7, cover-
ing every phase of Home
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These remarkable books tell in
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attractive illustrations just how
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plants, care for shrubbery and
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small home lots.

Ten books (in attractive container)
written by Landscape Architects
and edited by the eminent author-
ity— Ralph Rodney Root, B.S.A.,
M.L.A., for five years head of the
Professional Course in Landscape
Gardening, U. of 111.; head of
Summer School of Landscape Ar-
chitecture, Lake Forest, author of
“Design in Landscape Gardening.”

UNUSUAL OFFER
SEND NO MONEY

Free inspection. See these books, read
them, look at the pictures. Sent prepaid.

If satisfied, mail check. If not, return the
books within five days. You will not owe
one cent.

THE GARDEN PRESS

Dept. B Davenport, la.

Send me your library’ of Ten Home Landscape Garden-
ing Books. I will remail them or send $7.50 in full
payment within five days after receipt.

Name

Address

Town and State

tfjl “Rudyard Kipling’s Verse, Inclusive Edi-
jJ tion 1885-1918” (by Rudyard Kipling). Brander
Matthews calls it “A gathering of the greatest poetry of our
generation." Net, $5.00. Published by Doubleday, Page & Co.

Ipf Spread the cost of a 3
** “Pennsylvania”
Quality Lawn Mower
over its long years of service
and its economy is manifest.

So thinks the merchant who says “buy
one” instead of a short lived ,
ordinary mower, which

nets more profit . _ fijlPII

SYL

Quality

LAWN

MOWERS

( Continued from page 82)

requirements. The bracketed numbers in this
list and in the two lists given later, indicate the
relative height of each flower:

Hyacinths, scattered, April, (5)

Tulips, medium and late, Darwins especially,
May-June (3a)

Roses, June-July, (3)

Canterbury Bells, July-August, (4)

Bush Hydrangeas, August-September, (1)
Chrysanthemums, September-October, (2)

As to place: start with the tallest plants,
the Hydrangeas, which would naturally be
grouped around the boundaries; the Chrysanthe-
mums come next, for although they are not
taller than some Roses, they must be placed
toward the back since the choicest Roses
are principally of the dwarf Tea varieties and are
given third place which would be best in beds
occupying the middle of the garden. The
number (3a) is given to the Tulips because they
can be planted among the Roses and the Chrys-
anthemums. The Canterbury Bells (4) may be
planted in borders around the rose beds while the
Hyacinths (5) can be scattered along these
borders and among the Canterbury Bells whose
young clumps of leaves in spring will form a green
setting for them.

It will be seen that each flower fits into the
other in growth as well as flowering season.
An effective background, something that every
garden needs, will be afforded by the shrubs
even when out of bloom. A small garden must be
treated as a whole with each kind of plant placed
throughout in its proper relative position. That
is, the shrubs must not be along one side only,
while the other is planted with Chrysanthemums;
both flowers must be on both sides, one at the
rear and the other in front of it.

While there should be a part of the gardens
in which the predominating flower is massed
so as to give force to the design, it should also,
wherever possible, be distributed through the
rest of the garden. The bush Hydrangeas, for
example, can be accented by placing boxes filled
with herbaceous Hydrangeas at the center of the
garden; there can also be a scattering of dwarf
Chrysanthemums among the Canterbury Bells;
while the Roses, on the other hand, can be re-
peated in the background by climbers planted
against trellises here and there between the
shrubs. Of course, there must be no fixed,
hard and fast lines anywhere.

Another attractive combination of flowers —
whose blooming periods, lasting as a rule for the
better part of two months, overlap one another
sufficiently to maintain an unbroken succession
of bloom is as follows: Daffodils (5); Lilacs (1);
Japanese Iris (3a); Sweet Peas (2); Phlox pani-
culata (decussata) (3); Petunias (4); late sown.
With the superb improvements in Lilacs of late
years, groups and masses of them all around a
garden in late spring would create a beautiful
display. Both the Phlox and the Japanese
Iris love rich, moist soil and would go well to-
gether, the substantial masses of the one con-
trasting with the sword-like foliage and more
lightly borne flowers of the other.

As a final suggestion: Early Tulips (5); Beg-
onias (3); Philadelphus coronarius, double and
single (1); Carnation Pinks, white, rose, and
pink (5); Gladiolus (3a); Dahlias (2).

G. E. Altree Coley, Metchosin, B. C.

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

A 25-ft. Border of
HARDY FLOWERS

SIX feet wide — all planned and laid off for yoi
by garden expert — 150 healthy plants, 20
different varieties including Delphiniums, Fox-
glove, Canterbury Bells, Iris, Chrysanthemums,
Hollyhocks, Hardy Asters and thirteen others!
Provides wealth of lovely bloom all summer long,
year after year! Plat and planting instructions
with every shipment. Turn it over to your
gardener or, if you love flowers, plant it yourself
and get increased pleasure from results!

Price $ 25 f. 0. b. Baltimore , securely boxed — an
average of less than 17c. each for strong , healthy
plants that would cost you much more if bought
individually. Order NOW for Spring shipment.

LOUDON NURSERIES

Incorpora ted

H. Clay Primrose, President

3906 Frederick Avenue Baltimore, Md.

A privet hedge like this
’round your own home

not only adds to the beauty of the
view, but boosts your property value
a dollar the foot.

Our California Privet — exceptionally sturdy
plants — costs less than 10c. the running foot.

Ornamental Nursery Stock

of ev ery kind is listed in Collins' Big 1921 Cata-
logue. Also fruit trees, small fruits, vegetable,
flower and held seeds, berry plants; etc. Worth
writing for NOW.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS & SON
Box 23 Moorestown, N. J.

SIBERIAN IRISES

Superba, Distinction, and one Calamus, 50c; three
each, $1 .00; ten each, $3 .00; twenty-five each, $6.00,
postage or express paid. Delivered about April 1.

ORONOGO FLOWER GARDENS, Carterville, Mo.

3214 WALNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA.

AEOWAY
Polf E RY

GIVES ENDURING CHARM

Send for our illustrated • — •
'catalogue of Flower Pots.
Boxes, Xases.Benches. Sundials.
Gazing Globes, Bird Fonts and
other Artis tic Pieces for Garden
and Interior Decoration.

GAEomyTERRA CoTta (b.

y

i

1

j/

r

Pi

la

a.

U

=

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

85

Success Depends on Perfect, Carefully Selected Stock

This Spring we offer a finer selection than ever before of Strawberries,
giant Raspberries and Blackberries, sturdy Currants and Gooseberries,

' strong, well-rooted Grapes and all kinds of hardy Garden Roots. If you
are at all interested in Berries, ask our Berry Specialist for free advice.

You will also find a complete assortment of Ornamental Plants offered in our attractively illustrated
catalogue No. 101, which will be sent without cost to all inquirers.

J. T. LOVETT, Box 125, LITTLE SILVER, N. J. For 43 Years a Specialist in Berry Culture.

GREEN’S

TREES AND PLANTS

Everything for Garden and Orchard

SYRACUSE, the best red raspberry grown to-day, CACO
a wonderful, large red grape. HOXEYSWEET a new black-
cap raspberry and ROCHESTER peach, are fine producers.

Trees True to Name. Apple, peach, pear, cherry, nut and
shade trees. Strawberry plants, raspberry, blackberry .goose-
berry and currant bushes, vines, shrubs, roses and orna-
mentals. Best varieties. 40 years producing better plants.
Buy direct. Save money.

Oar illustrated catalogue free

GREEN’S NURSERY CO., Box 7, Rochester, N.Y.

14 T I M 1 1 Q For the Price is the

n U ATI LJ O Best and Cheapest

FERTILITY MAKER

For lawn, flower, vegetable, tree
and shrub.

Used in place of manure, it ob-
viates weeds, odor and litter.

$6.00 for 5, 100 lb. bags freight
prepaid. Special price in ton and
carload lots.

H. B. PRINDLE, 101 Park Ave., New York

THE comedies and tragedies and daily life of
the birds, fascinatingly told by Gene Stratton-
I Porter, and profusely illustrated with photographs
taken by the author, each of which represents an
adventure.

Net, $2.50. At all bookstores

Pa Fenton Hays: — "If they keep on coming, I’ll have to get a
new letter box or a big basket."

It seems that every Dahlia Connoisseur has caught the spirit and
wants the best, so here is the old offer renewed: —

Fenton’s Hybridized Dahlia Seeds
Grown on the only Dahlia Farm in the world making a
specialty of hybridized Dahlia seeds, it brings to you promise
of great and pleasant surprises. Doesn’t the possibility of
raising 50 to 100 beautiful new seedlings.no two alike, seem
alluring? That’s exactly what I can promise you if you sow

100 Seeds Hybridized with
Black Pearl for $3.00
Tubers of Black Pearl, a
gem of purest water, cost $10
each. Everyone of its off-
springs is apt to be an equally
charming variety. Here are
a few other offers: —

25 seeds selected from

50 crosses $1.00

35 seeds selected from

15 crosses .50

Seed planted February ist will
flower 22nd of June. Seed planted
June ist will flower end of August,

Tubers of Greens Wonder $5 00
to be delivered April, 1922. Tu-
bers of No. 97. a bronze wonder,

$5.00. Order now.

Fenton’s Dahlia Farm

771 Buena Vista Ave., San Francisco, Cal.

GLADIOLI, Mrs. W. E. Fryer

A large orange scarlet. I have greatly reduced the
price of this variety, and am offering it as follows:
Bulbs 1 5 inch and up at §5.00 per 100, 1 to 1 5 inch
$4.00 per 100, $30.00 per 1000, f to 1 inch $3.00 per
100, j to j inch $2.00 per 100, $18.00 per 1000.
Up to 5 inch $1.50 per 100, $12.00 per 1000. Every
one of the smallest size will bloom if planted early.
MANTORVILLE. A yellow ruffled gladiolus.
Bulbs, 1, 1 5 inch $2.00 per dozen, 1 to i| inch
$1.50 per dozen. Mantorville sent prepaid at this
price.

WILLIS E. FRYER

Mantorville Minn.

HOMING

WITH THE BIRDS

By Gene Stratton- Porter
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

ROSES

FAIRFAX ROSES are widely known for their
exquisite beauty, deep fragrance of delicate re-
finement— and long life.

Fairfax Rose plants are nurtured under natural condi-
tions— outdoors — wintered, and acclimated to all cli-
mates; tough canes and vigorous roots impart a hardi-
ness to Fairfax plants which assures thriving growth any-
where, and a full, free and beauteous bloom the first
season.

New Fairfax Rose Book Free

Send for new Rose-Book, containing beautiful illustra-
tions and descriptions of roses — ROYAL ROSES OF
PURITY AND BEAUTY— with valuable facts on grow-
ing roses.

W. R. GRAY

Box 6 Oakton, Fairfax County Virginia

O r d way’ s

Yellow Sweet Corn

If you intend to raise sweet corn in your garden this
season, you might as well get THE BEST. Other
conditions being equal, you can furnish the dinner
table with the best that Mother Earth can produce.
Let me tell you right here that I believe there is no
corn equal to Ordway’s Golden, because this wonderful
variety has all the characteristics of the ideal, being
early, tender, juicy and sweet.

Grown by the Ordways in New Hampshire for more than
60 years, long before we ever heard of any other strain,
it has been pronounced by*a great any people the
best they ever had.

Carefully selected sent by mail p st-paid at the fol-
lowing prices:

Trial packet sufficient to plant 40 hills, 15c.; half-pint,
25c.; pint, 45c.; quart, 85c.

0. P. Ordway, Saxonville, Mass.

3 DAHLIA BULBS

AS A GIFT

Regular price $1.00 each

Canonicus, Beautiful Dark Cerise. No
other like it in shape or size. Samoset,
Light Yellow, slightly shaded pink.
Esther DuBarry, Velvety Cardinal.
This is collection No. 1. Or Ningret,
Rich, Dark Red, Clouded and Striped
Lighter. Powhatan, Dark, Crushed
Strawberry, Beautiful Shading. Frances
Lane, Light, Lavender Red, Very Won-
derfully Shaded. This is collection No. 2.

All are of the exquisite peony type of flowers,
with long, rolled petals, beautifully twisted and
curled at the points, with short, curly petals around
the central disk. Beautiful flowers for the garden
and keep a long time when cut.

Anybody can grow Dahlias successfully. They are
as easy to grow as potatoes.

To rapidly increase the constantly growing list of
members of the American Dahlia Society, a strong
root of each of three grand Dahlias is offered to new
members. The regular price is one dollar each,
three dollars for the three roots.

Membership in the American Dahlia Society
includes:

1. The Quarterly Bulletin, giving Dahlia culture
and Dahlia notes and news of the world. Some say
a single issue is worth a year’s dues.

2. A season ticket to the Society’s great Dahlia
Show.

The annual dues are two dollars, with nothing
more whatever to pay. If you wish three Dahlias
described above, remit the amount of the annual
dues, two dollars, and fifty cents extra to pay the
expense, and the three dollar Dahlias will be de-
livered anywhere in the United States postpaid, and
your name will be enrolled as a member with all
dues fully paid for one year.

Say whether collection No. 1 or No. 2 is wanted.

EDWARD C. VICK, Secretary

American Dahlia Society

205 Elwood Ave. Newark, N. J.

—Keep Your Garden—

Free from Weeds

There’s an easy way to get rid of them. It saves
the moisture — Makes your vegetables GROW.

BARKER

Weeder, Mulcher and Cultivator
3 Garden Tools in 1

Kills the weeds and breaks the hardest crust into a level, por-
ous, moisture-retaining mulch — all in one operation. Eight
reel blades revolve against a stationary underground knife —
like a lawn mower “Best Weed "Killer Ever Used.”
Cuts runners. Aerates the soil. Works right up to
plants. Has leaf guards, also shovels for deeper culti-
vation. A boy can run it — do more and better work
than ten men with hoes. Five sizes. Inexpensive.

Write TODAY for free illustra ted
book and special Factory -to- User
offer.

BARKER MFG. CO.

Dept 11, David City, Neb.

S6

Japanese Garden

Made in short time in all
styles to harmonize with
American ground.

T. R. OTSUKA

300 South Michigan Ave.,
Chicago, 111.

PROTECT YOUR PROPERTY
7ur NON-CLIMBABLE FENCE

It is the greatest protection in the world.
Our Catalogue No. 40 describes our fences
and method of construction. We have
many other popular designs of fences.

Estimates cheerfully furnished

J. H. DOWNS

38 Roosevelt Avenue Jersey City, New Jersey

A Garden of Gladioli 1$s.0o>r

We will send prepaid for $5.00, an assortment of 100 best
blooming size bulbs. Every 100 contains 32 standard varieties,
and includes Prince of Wales, Gretchen Zang, Myrtle, Ruffled
Glory, Mrs. Frank Pendleton, Mrs. W. E. Fryer, War, Loveli-
ness, Lilywhite, Dominion, etc. These varieties would easily
be worth $9.00 if purchased separately. The beautiful Bianca
Dahlia will be added to all orders received by March ioth that mention
Garden Magazine. We specialize in Glad-.oli and Dahlias. Free Price list.

HOWARD GLADIOLUS GARDENS Republic, Mo.

By erecting Houses for useful Birds, and getting rid of

Sparrow Pest,
you will have
good Garden
Allies.

Parcel Post weight 10 lbs.

Crescent Sparrow Trap $5.00, and
Post charges, size 18" x 18".
Weight 9 lbs.

CRESCENT CO., " Birdville "
Toms River P. O. N. J.

3 Bird
Houses for

$5.00.

Pittsfield

Pure-Bred Day-Old Chicks

All Pittsfield stock is farm raised on
unlimited range, carefully mated as to
type and color, and bred for utility. We
have the five most popular breeds — S. C.
White Leghorn s, S. C. Rhode Island Reds ,
liarred and White Plymouth Rocks, White
Wyandoltes. Safe delivery guaranteed.
No money required with order. Our
prices will not advance. If prices of eggs
drop we will reduce ours. Write today
for catalog and prices.

PITTSFIELD POULTRY FARMS CO.

282 Main Street. Holliston. Mass.

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921 The

THE LIGHT BRAHMA

FOR THE COUNTRY ESTATE

Is the Largest and Most Beautiful of All Breeds, Unsurpassed as an Ornamen-
tal Feature and Unexcelled as a Combination Egg Laying and a Table Fowl

The high quality of my birds was again demonstrated at Madison Square Garden, January,
1921, by winning 1st Cock. 2nd and 4th Hen, 4th Cockerel, 2nd Pullet, 1st and 4th Old
Pen and 2nd Young Pen. At Philadelphia, The American Light Brahma Club National
Meeting, I won 2nd on Cock. 1st and 4th Hen. 5th Cockerel, 1st Pullet. 1st. 4th and 5th
on Pen, and 3 Specials, and Cups. At Syracuse. N. Y., the Premier of all state shows and
in strong competition they were awarded First. Second, and Third Cock; First and Second
Hen; First, Second, and Third Cockerel; First and Second Pullet; First and Second Old
Pen; First and Second Young Pen; Special for Best Display, and other specials. At Tren-
ton. N. J., Hanover, Pa., and Mineola, L. I , I won more points than any other exhibitor.
Send for folder telling about them. Stock for sale and eggs in season.

C. W. EVERITT HUNTINGTON, LONG ISLAND

Reference: Nassau County Trust Co.. Mineola. L. I. RufT Cochin Rantams — At Madison Square Garden,
1921, I won 2nd, and 5th Cock, 1st and 2nd Hen, 2nd and 4th Cockerel, 2nd and 3rd Pullet.

i [

VERONA BIRD HOUSES

BRING THE BIRDS

Put out houses for the birds before they arrive. The
one here shown, for Bluebirds or Wrens, has four
rooms. Socket in bottom for pole makes it easy to
erect. If suspended for W rens the socket is covered
by a rosette. Sure to please both birds and purchaser.

No. 36. Price $6.00

Give the birds a few
log houses just such as
they find in the nafural
forest. Ji. 20 each. three
for $3.20. Mailing
weight three pounds
each.

Prices f. o. b. Verona.

List on Request

No. 35 No. 47 No. 48

W. H. BAYLES 22 Park Ave., Verona, New Jersey

Horsford’s Cold Weather Plants

When you get nursery stock from Vermont you
can be sure that it is hardy. Our Hardy Plants,
Wild Flowers, Lilies, Orchids, Hardy Ferns, Vines,
Shrubs, and Trees which we grow here have always
given satisfaction when properly set. Trees and
Shrubs that we have found tender in severe win-
ters have been discarded from our lists. Ask for our
New Annual before making up your list of wants.

F. H. Horsford Charlotte, Vermont

DAHLIAS

Get yours from a Specialist! I grow 500 of the choicest varieties,
the latest and best for either show or cutting. My catalogue
describes them all — please ask for it. Some of my leaders are
the U. S. A., Robert O. Fletcher, Princess Pat, etc.

Special Offer: Let me mail you. postpaid,

12 Pretty Pompon Dahlias for $1.00.

W. F. BROWN 46 Palmer Street, Norwich, Conn.

Strawberry Plants

Good, strong, well rooted plants at $4.00 and $5.00 per thousand.
Also a complete line of the best red and black raspberries, hardy
blackberries, fancy gooseberries and currants, a large stock of
popular grape vines. Many of our customers are making from
$500.00 to $1,200.00 per acre growing berries from our fruit
plants. Send for our free catalogue.

BRIDGMAN NURSERY CO. Box 6, Bridgman, Mich.

TRIT0MA PFITZERI — Red Hot Poker

Healthv, well-grown, true stock. We grow them ourselves.
Bloom from August until frost. Strong selected plants.

By Parcel Post

Each 25c. Per dozen $2.75

By Express

Per 100 $18.00

OBERLIN PEONY GARDENS, Sinking Spring, Pa.

School of Horticulture for Women (Inc.)

Ambler, Pennsylvania

(18 miles from Philadelphia)

Twelve Weeks’ Course in Floriculture, Vegetable
Gardening, Fruit Growing, Poultry, Bees, Canning •
and Preserving, Farm Crops and Animals, beginning 1
April 5 th Lectures and practical work. Circular !
on application.

Elizabeth Leighton Lee, Director. I

A lip |\J p Experienced man to take

ax XX. I—' 1—4 1 l U I.X. care of country place of 3

acres on Maine Coast during summer months (June to Octo-
ber). Duties mainly keeping lawns, flowers, trees and road
in order, sawing small amounts of wood and operating artesian
well pumping engine. Estate located in cool, beautiful
country — no mosquitos. Will secure place to live. State
references, married or single, and salary desired.

C. HENRY MASON, 146 East Ave, Rochester, N. Y.

OTATO MAGAZINE

5 Months Trial

PUT DOLLARS IN TOUR POCKET

Learn how to grow and market
table and seed potatoes at greater
profit. Send 25c for 3 months to

THE POTATO MAGAZINE
City Hall Square Bldg. 2, Chicago, III.

23.

The French Finders

“Rudyard Kipling’ s Verse, Inclusive Edi-
_jj tion 1885-1918” (By Rudyard Kipling). Brander
latthews, calls it “ A gathering of the greatest poetry of our
zneration.” Net. $5.00. Published by Doubleday, Page & Co.

A book is a work of art.

Let its binding be a work of art, also.

Country Life Press Garden City, N. Y.

AWAY WITH THE CESSPOOL

Secure all the sanitary comforts of a
city building.

The Aten Sewage Disposal Sys-
tem allows continuous use of wash-
stands, bathtubs, toilets, sinks,
showers, etc. Simple to install,
nothing to get out of order.

Our booklet
No. 11 tells
how and
why. Sent
free upon
request.

Aten

Sewage Disposal Co.

286 Fifth Ave., New York City

Don’t Wear
a Truss

Brooks’ Appliance, the

modern scientific invention, the
wonderful new discovery that,
relieves rupture, will be sent
on trial. No obnoxious springs
or pads. mr. c. e. brooks

Brooks’ Rupture Appliance

Has automatic Air Cushions. Binds and
draws the broken parts together as you would
a broken limb. No salves. No lies. Durable,
cheap. Sent on trial to prove it. Protected by
U. S. patents. Catalog and measure blanks
mailed free. Send narqg and address today.
Broolu Appliance Co.,275H State St., Manhali, Mich.

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921 87

Reduction of one of the many beautiful illustrations in

The Complete Garden

by Albert D. Taylor, M. S. A.

Fellow, American Society of Landscape Architects. Non-resident Professor of Landscape Architecture in Ohio State University

THE book garden lovers have been waiting for. The
complete standard work covering all parts of the
country, from Texas to Maine, all the
seasons, all varieties of plants. Whether
your problem is to introduce a bit of nature
into a congested city street, or to plot vast
spaces into a harmonious landscape setting;
whether you are a professional of wide ex-
perience, and with extensive grounds under
your care, or the average small house-owner
laying out the back yard; this book will be
indispensable.

It tells what, when, where, and how to get
any desired effect. Any garden lover, wheth-
er he lives in Oregon or Maine, Florida or
Minnesota, can find out what plants, trees,

Six Other

A practical book on the garden, every topic
covered by an expert, is “HOWTO MAKE
A FLOWER GARDEN.” The usefulness
of the book is enhanced by the profusion
and detail of its charts and illustrations.

A book to keep handy. Net, $3.00.

More than eight hundred popular garden
flowers; each shown in natural color; each
with full description and plantingdirections;
the whole divided according to the seasons
into the four exquisite little volumes of the

POCKET GARDEN LIBRARY. By Ellen
Eddy Shaw: “Garden f lowers of Spring,”
“Garden Flowers of Summer,” “Garden
Flowers of Autumn;” by Montague Free:
“Flowers of Winter.” Flexible l nen, each,
net, $1.23. Flexible leather, each, net, $1.50.

In “THE AMERICAN FLOWER GAR-
DEN” by Neltje Blanchan, the amateur or
the full fledged gardener will find the sound
principles of good gardening as well as a
veritable storehouse of good ideas drawn
from a wade knowledge of beautiful foreign

“The Complete Gar-
den” is now on press.
Large advance orders
have already been re-
ceived and are con-
tinuing to come in.
To be sure of securing
your copy of the first
edition, printed from
fresh, clear type, fill
out the order blank
below and we will see
that you receive one
of the first copies.

Price $6.00

and American gardens. Indexed. Plant-
ing list by Leonard Barron. 84 illustrations,
several in color. Net, $3.00.

What would you think of a chart w'hich
told at a glance the height, the time of
blooming, the color of bloom, preference
for sun or shade, wet or dry soil, fragrance,
cutting qualities — in a word, the whole
story of all dependable perennials? That
is one of the features of “THE GAR-
DEN BLUE-BOOK,” by Leicester B.
Holland. Illustrated wfith 200 photo-
graphs of hardy perennials. Net, $3.00.

How can I make my garden more beau-
tiful? “COLOUR IN MY GARDEN,”
by Louise Beebe Wilder, is rich in answers
to this question. The author is an artist
in flowers and her garden ranks among the
most beautiful in the country. The illus-
trations are reproductions in full color —
magnificent examples of fine printing — of
twenty-four paintings from the exquisite
subjects of Mrs. Wilder’s Garden. Edi-

and shrubs should be used for any purpose. By descrip-
tion and numerous illustrations, in color, and black and
white, and through cross referenced lists,
every sort of information about gardens is
made easily available.

No book of this comprehensive character, or
of this kind has previously been published.
Containing more than three hundred pages
of text; a carefully prepared index; a
bibliography of books and magazine ar-
ticles; a complete glossary of terms; it is
destined to become the standard book on
the garden.

The author has brought the study and ob-
servation of years of practical experience
to the preparation of this work.

Useful Books

tion limited to 1500 numbered copies.
Net, $10.00.

In one volume, “THE ROMANCE OF
OUR I REES,” Ernest H. Wilson, author
of “Aristocrats of the Garden,” etc., has
assembled an extraordinary body of
facts about trees; a practical book
for its exposition of their uses, and
a fascinating book for its con-
tinual revelation of their
beauty and romance. 44
pages of beautiful illus-
trations. Edition
limited to 1000

numbered copies.
Illustrated.
Net, $10.00.

DOUBLEDAY,
PAGE & CO.,
Garden City,

New York

Please send me the
following books. I will pay
for them upon delivery.

Na

Address
WC Titles

88

— v

The Garden Magazine, March, 1921

Society of American Florists, Silver Medal

American Dahlia Society, Gold Medal

(\ > .. V port ’ ...

Best Seed lane.

The Splendid New Decorative Dahlia

“Patrick O’Mara”

“A MEDAL WINNER WHEREVER SHOWN”

This Dahlia Always Brings Profit to the Professional and Credit to the Amateur

A WONDERFUL, large, beautiful flower. The
blooms are 8 inches or more in diameter, on
long, strong, straight stems, firmly set at right
angles, close to the stem which holds the heavy
flowers without drooping. The petals are firm and
compact, showing no open center. THE COLOR,
an unusually soft, and pleasing shade of orange-
buff, slightly tinged with Neyron rose, more pro-
nounced on the reverse side. A rare, beautiful
and taking autumn shade. Sure to be in great
demand for commercial use and ornamental
gardens.

HIGHEST SCORE at the trial grounds of the
American Dahlia Society, at the Connecticut

Agricultural College under ordinary field culture,
which gives results that any grower may expect
to equal.

“ Its growing, keeping and shipping qualities are
excellent. Growers will find its habit, color, etc.,
something that has been greatly needed. It was
the outstanding variety of the trial garden both as to
habit of growth and the way it holds the flowers on
the strong stems well above the foliage; a splendid
keeping variety .” Prof. Geo. W. Fraser, Connec-
ticut Agricultural College.

Chicago, 111., Oct. 28. 1920

The box of blooms of Dahlia Patrick O’Mara came safely. Although the box
seems to have been in the handsof the express company for something like fifty-six hours
the flowers were in remarkably good condition. The firm texture seems to give this
novelty, shipping qualities quite exceptional in the Dahlia. The blooms have at-
tracted much favorable comment from visitors to our office.

Yours very truly. Florists' Review.

Orders booked now and plants shipped at proper planting season.

Price $10.00 per plant, $100.00 per dozen.

Safe delivery guaranteed.

17 1? 17 17 Beautiful picture, size 10 by 12
* IVLjLi inches, suitable for framing, of
this Dahlia in its natural colors and ac-
tual size, sent on request.

RICHARD VINCENT JR. & SONS COMPANY

WHITE MARSH, MARYLAND

More than forty thousand people visited our Dahlia fields in one day last Autumn . Visitors always welcome .

DETROIT

V&SL

THIS PAGE reproduces the cover of Vaughan’s 1921
catalogue. If you have not received your copy, send us
your name at once, and it will be mailed free.

Every reader of Garden Margazine will want this home
garden handbook, with its complete list of seeds «.nd sup-
plies, its instructive and inspirational articles and

50 Colored Plates of Flowers

The cover design illustrates a field of Gladioli at our Michigan farm where
we grow 1 20 acres of bulbs of the finest quality. The splendid variety Detroit
is one of our introductions. You may test the quality of VAUGHAN’S
GLADIOLI at a small expense by sending for one ot these special offers:

Our RAINBOW MIXTURE, all large bulbs, /Vi to 1% inches in diam-
eter, prepaid to 600 miles from Chicago or New York.

FI — 13 best kinds, each different $1.00

F2 — 3 sets FI (39 bulbs) 2.50

F3 — 100 bulbs. 20 kinds 5.00

„ F4 — Homewood mixture. 50 medium bulbs, but all bloomers, not

less than 5 colors 1.00

If you live more than 600 miles from Chicago or New York. ADD 10 CENTS FOR
EACH DOLLAR'S WORTH ORDERED.

VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE

NEW YORK
41-43 Barclay St.

CHICAGO

10-12 W. Randolph St.

The above 6 beautiful Giant-Flowered
Zinnias if purchased separately would
cost #1.35. They will be mailed to any
address postpaid for $1.00.

just send a Dollar bill to-day and the
Fordhook Collection of Zinnias will come
to your door by return mail.

W Atlee Burpee Co .

Seed Growers Philadelphia

Rurpee’s Zinnias

THE Zinnia is one of our great special-
ties, and is largely grown for seed at
our Fordhook Farms.

We have not far to go in search of the
reason for the ever increasing popularity
of this unrivalled flower. 1 he Zinnia is
easy to grow; it is not particular as to soil
or position; and it blooms continuously
from June until frost. What more can be
desired in any flower? Yet, in the Zinnia
we have brilliant colors — practically all
shades — and a flower that is massive and
imposing in size. Burpee’s Giant Mam-
moth Zinnias often measure from three to
four inches in diameter.

Fordhook Collection of Zinnias

2824— Giant Primrose Immense flowers of light
lemon-yellow, deepening toward the center.

Pkt. 20 cts.

2825— Giant Scarlet This is a rich shade of or-
ange-scarlet. Always of the largest size.

Pkt. 20 cts.

2822— Giant Golden Yellow Brilliant yellow.
Flowers immense and perfectly double.

Pkt. 20 cts.

2827— Giant White A magnificent pure white of
largest size. Pkt. 20 cts.

2829— Giant Purple This is a particularly strik-
ing shade of light purple. Pkt. 20 cts.

2812 Burpee’s Cactus-Flowered Zinnia Bur-
pee’s New Cactus Flowered type is the great-
est advance yet made amongst the Giant
Flowered Zinnias. The flowers are borne in
great profusion. On well-grown plants they
will average from four to five inches in diam-
eter. The plants are of sturdy, upright habit
and will bloom continuously from June until
frost. While this is a distinct new type of
flower, we have already developed a very large
range of colors. The seed, which is now offer-
ed for the first time, contains beautiful shades
of yellow, orange, pink, rose, brilliant scarlet
and crimson. The Cactus-Flowered Zinnia is
so named because the petals are quilled in such a
manner that they become almost tubular. They
are straight, and radiate from the center of the
flower like a Cactus Flowered Dahlia. The
backs of the petals are of a distinct color, and
as they incurve to form the tube they give the
entire flower a bi-color appearance. The flow-
ers are borne on long, stiff-stems and are splen-
did for cutting. P kl. 33 cts .

THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK

Annuals for summer Mowers - starting a Garden Club
Larkspurs - Heading Lettuces - Evergreen Hedges - Hawthorns

‘ Tdoubleday , ‘Page C°mpany , - (garden Clty > SKjlw Yor ^

Reproduction from a painting in oil of the beautiful
estate of Gorernor Frank 0. Loirden , at Oregon, III.

Among prominent persons and places served by
Davey Tree Surgeons are:

COL. L. P. COLT
CHARLES M. SCHWAB
CHARLES A. WIMPFHELMER
THATCHER N. BROWN

JOHN D. LARKIN

MRS. JESSIE MYERS HILTON

A. W. SHAW

OHIO STATE CAPITOL

“I'll let it wait.” The death sentence of many a fine, patrician tree has been
pronounced when its owner said, “I'll let it wait.”

Decay does not “wait.” Decay results from disease that gives no quarter. It
eats with grim progressiveness into the living wood-tissue of trees. To neglect

it is dangerous — ultimately fatal. The regrading of a lawn, repair of a drive, building alterations — these
things you can “put off” if something must wait.

But you cannot ignore the mute appeal of your trees for help.

Trees are living, breathing things. The attacks of disease and insect enemies, the ill-effects of hunger and
thirst and other adverse conditions are dangers that must be discovered and checked without delay — or it
will soon be too late. Often the untrained eye cannot discern the menace. A splendid, vigorous tree looks
to be in the bloom ot health; but it may be so weakened by hidden decay that it is but a shell, ready to crash
to earth in the first high wind.

To “put off" examination and treatment of your trees also means increased cost. Little decay cavities can
be quickly and economically treated by real Tree Surgeons. As they grow larger, the cost of saving the
tree becomes proportionately greater.

For your priceless trees you will want Tree Surgeons of unquestioned skill and established responsibility.
Davey Tree Surgeons have, during a generation of honest service, met the highest expectations of thousands
of America’s estate owners.

Do you know the true conditions of your trees? You certainly ought to — you owe it to yourself. Davey
Tree Surgeons will, by appointment, give them a careful examination and render an accurate report.

THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO., Inc., Elm St., Kent, Ohio

Branch offices icith telephone connections: Seir York City , Asfor Court Bldg.; Chicago, Westminster Bldg.;
Philadelphia , Land Title Bldg.; Boston, 19 Pearl Street, Wakefield; Baltimore , American Bldg.; St. Louis ,
Central Sational Bank Bldg. Write nearest office.

Permanent representatives available in districts surrounding Boston, Springfield, Lenox, Newport, Hartford,
Stamford, (Albany, Poughkeepsie, White Plains, Jamaica, Montclair, New York, Philadelphia, Harrisburg,
Baltimore, Washington, Richmond, Buffalo, Toronto, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Detroit, Cincinnati, Kansas
City, Louisville, Indianapolis, Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Louis, Canadian Address: 454 Laugauchitere
West, Montreal.

DAVEY TREE SURGEONS

Every real Davey Tree Surgeon is in the employ of The Davey Tree Expert Co., Inc., and the public is cautioned against those falsely
representing themselves. An agreement made with the Davey Company and not with an individual is certain evidence of genuineness

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

89

n

THERE’S

/ REASON

•WCtSWUT SINCE 1880

nd'» Slu

4

The Test of Time has placed its O. K. on Ham- ^
mond’s Slug Shot! For forty years it has served this j
nation in saving the Potato Crop. For forty years it 1
has successfully combated Potato Bugs, Cabbage Worms,

Slugs, Beetles, in short, a great variety of leaf-chewing in-
sects and it has done so without injury to man, animals
or plants.

Slug Shot is easy to obtain and easily applied. Dealers
in every part of the country, in cities, towns or hamlets
will furnish you Slug Shot. It is very economical, especially in quantities of
5 lbs. and up, together with the handy Slug Shot Tin Duster, with perforated
bottom, as shown below.

No matter where you live, you need not do without Slug Shot. If your
dealer does not carry it, write us and we will see that you are supplied, either
through him or direct. Don’t try to do without Slug Shot
— you’ll need it sooner or later!

’.a

im

•M

__ i. in

ST *

"HAMMOND'S SLUG;

kV USED FROM OCEAN TO

Hammond’s Gold Medal
Insecticides

Sold by the Seedsmen of America

The welfare of the Garden — whether useful or ornamental —
has always been of keenest interest to us. The success of
Slug Shot encouraged us to study cause and effect of plant
diseases. Gradually we developed both contact and internal
insect remedies until we now offer a most effective group of
insecticides, suitable for combating all garden ills.

Slug Shot is a dependable remedy with which to
fight all sorts of leaf-chewing insects such as Cabbage and
Currant Worms, Potato Bugs, the Striped Cucumber and
Melon Beetles. Besides, it drives off Rose Bugs, Aster Beetles,
and Aphis. It keeps the Larvae of the Elm Tree Beetle under
control, and saves Walnut Trees from the ravages of caterpillars.

Hammond’s Grape Dust prevents powdery mildew on
Roses, Chrysanthemums, Violets, as well as vegetables at-
tacked by that fungus.

Hammond’s Thrlp Juice is a reliable Contact Insec-
ticide. It penetrates quickly and effectively, disposes of
such pests as Aphis, Red Spider, Mealy Bugs, Soft Scale,
White Fly. No remedy we know surpasses it in effectiveness
among trees, plants, and shrubs, under glass or outdoors.

Copper Solution, for over thirty years, has served suc-
cessfully as both a preservative and a curative fungicide.

Bordeaux and Horicum are additional Hammond Insec-
ticides and Fungicides of proven merit. Learn all about the
good they may do in your garden by writing for “Insects and
Blights,” as offered free alongside.

Hammond’s Paint & Slug Shot Works

Beacon, New York

The Garden Duster

“Insects and
Blights”

now published for thirty-eight
consecutive years, is a modest
twenty-four page book which has
been the standard advisor of
American home-gardeners on the
subject of fighting blights, bugs,
and plant diseases. A thoroughly
practical manual, every line of it
dictated by experience, it deserves
a place in every home garden
library. Send for your copy — a
post card will do.

m 1 1 ■ 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 m 1 1 1 1 1 n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 n n rn 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ri mm him nTm~r

90

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921 1 fl*

When it comes to
Worth-While Dahlias

For nearly half a century we have grown, studied and loved
Dahlias. More than iooo distinct varieties are offered to-day.
After many years of exhaustive tests there remains in our
keeping a Quality Collection solely comprising the Quality
Standards in the different classes, at prices within the reach of all.

Above, we illustrate Bessie Boston’s famous New Seedling
“John Lewis Childs” named in honor of the founder of the
House of Childs. It bears many-colored flowers on one and
the same plant. They vary from deep chrome yellow to bright
red and white, wonderfully streaked and variegated. Rare,
and we have but few to offer. Field-grown tubers $4.00 each.

Gladioli Achievements

During the past quarter century we have found recognition as
the largest growers of Gladioli in the World! Millions of bulbs
are grown at our Flowerfield Estate, where we specialize in the
newrer and rare kinds, besides Primulinus Hybrids.

TRY THESE NEW RUFFLED GLADIOLI

Giant White — Pure white with elegant Iris-
blue throat- 35c each.

Kunderdi Glory — Beautiful creamy apricot
with light tint of pink, and fine markings
of bright red. ioc each; $1.00 per
doz.

Orange Glory — Grand orange colored, with
beautiful lighter throat. 50c each.

Rose Glory — Purest rose-pink color. Fine.
60c each.

White King — Rich sulphur- white, spendidly
ruffled. 15c each; $1.50 per doz.

White Glory — A gorgeous pure white with
beautiful Iris-blue throat. 40c each.

Youell’s Favorite — Rosy lavender-pink,
ruffled. 40c each.

Pride of Goshen — A giant Kunderdi Glory
of a salmon or flesh-pink. Plant tall and
vigorous. 30c each.

Red Glory — (Red Canna) — Most beautiful
Canna red. 30c each.

The collection of 9 Ruffled Sorts for $3.00

Childs ’ Catalogue of Better Flowers,
Fruits, Vegetables

deserves a place in every Garden Magazine reader’s library'. You will find
it a true index to horticultural progress as recorded by us during the last
fifty years. Whether it proved a better fern, a finer Dahlia, a more prolific
flower, a better-flavored vegetable or whatnot — if of merit, we helped to
find recognition for it! Please write for the free Catalogue — you’ll find it
interesting and profitable reading.

JOHN LEWIS CHILDS, Inc., Floral Park, N. Y.

Illlllllllllllllllllllll

liimniuiniiiii

rx

APRIL, 1921

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

CONTENTS

COVER DESIGN: SPRING IN THE GARDEN Warren Keith

PAGE

AZALEA AND RHODODENDRON 97

Photograph by Arthur G. Eldredge

JAPANESE FLOWERING CRABAPPLE 98

Photograph by Leonard Barron

JAPAN CLEMATIS ----- 99

Photograph by Mattie E. Hewitt

JUST HOW TO START A GARDEN CLUB - - Frances Duncan 100

NATIVE HAWTHORNS FOR OUR GARDENS - John Dunbar 102
Photographs by the author, Nathan R. Graves, and Henry Troth

GROWING EASTER LILIES IN THE HARDY GARDEN

David Griffiths 107

Photograph by the author

WHY I GROW DELPHINIUMS John L. Rea 109

Photographs by the author

WHY DON’T MY LETTUCES “HEAD”? - - - -Adolph Kruhm 113

THE ALL-ANNUAL BORDER ----- Louise Beebe Wilder 114
Plan by the author

KEEPING THE LAWN GREEN Rose B . Anderson 115

AN IDEAL CUT FLOWER GARDEN ----- A. D. Taylor 116
Photographs and plan supplied by the author

THE SMALL GARDEN AND THE BIG RETURN

Grace Sample McClure 1 18

Plan and photograph by the author

THE OLD GARDENS OF PENNSYLVANIA. VI.— THE WOOD-
LANDS ----------- - John W. Harshberger 120

Photographs by the author and Roger B. Whitman

EVERGREENS FOR HEDGES AND SCREENS - - Henry Wild 124
Photographs by Mattie E. Hewitt, Arthur G. Eldredge, George
O. Stoddard and others

AMONG OUR GARDEN NEIGHBORS 129

THE OPEN COLUMN - - --------- 130

Photographs by Fay Willis, Mrs.Walter King Sharpe, Felix J. Koch
Drawing by Merritt L. Allen

"SPARE THE KNIFE AND SPOIL THE SHRUB”

Mrs. George A. Heywood 1 38

TWO CROPS OF IRISH POTATOES IN ONE SEASON

J. M. Smith 144

“WITH MOTHER GOOSE IN THE GARDEN” 152

THREE PIONEERS 156

Leonard Barron, Editor

VOLUME XXXIII, No. 2

Subscription $3.00 a Year; for Canada, S3. 35; Foreign $3. 65

COPYRIGHT, 1921, BY

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

GARDEN CITY, N. Y.

Chicago: Peoples Gas Bldg. Boston: Tremont Bldg

Los Angeles: Van Nuys Bldg. New York: 120 W. 32nd

F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President
ARTHUR W. PAGE,

HERBERT S. HOUSTON,

Pice-Presidents

S. A. EVER1TT, Treasurer
RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY,
Secretary

Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York,
under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879

kV'c

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

91

The Tools that Make

the Garden Grow

After all, it’s cultivation that counts most! Without it, good
soil will grow as many weeds as vegetables. With it, poor soil
can be coaxed to yield remarkable crops. And then, a lot depends
also on the kind of cultivators you use. During the past five years,
Gilson Garden Tools have become the Stand-by of the Nation.

The Gilson
Triplex

A substantial All-Metal Wheelhoe that brings
you a great combination of Gilson Blade
Weeder Hoe, 9-Tooth Liberty Cultivator and a
strong Plow, all on one Pivot Axle. Quickly changed without
wrench to do different work. Easily adjusted to height of man,
width of rows, nature of crop. Let the Triplex, shown above,
add Joy to your Hobby. Price $8.95, at your Dealer.

The Gilson Brings you the latest and most scientific im-
r • » . provement in tooth cultivators. The teeth have

J-iio y V-shaped cutting edges and their shape causes
them to sink into soil without pressure. Comes either as a hand
tool or light, but sturdy, wheelhoe, in 5, 7 and 9-tooth sizes,
adjustable to different width of rows, varying from 4" to 14”
maximum expansion. Prices, $1.15, $1.45 and $1.70.

The Original
Gilson Weeder

Will remain the simplest, yet greatest,
rockerhoe ever evolved. Every stroke
means business. Blade shown below has
double edge, is practically self-sharpening. The one tool ab-
solutely safe in children’s hands. Made in 5, 6 and 8-inch width,
with 6-foot handles or wheelframes at #1.15, $1.25 and $1.35.
Every home-gardener needs at least two Gilson Weeders. Learn
all about them, and the complete line of Gilson Garden Tools,
through special booklet.

“Bigger Crops
through Cultivation ”

Tells why thorough cultiva-
tion stands for bigger crops
and explains some of the
fundamental requirements
of plant life as related to
soil tillage. You’ll enjoy
reading this little Garden
Guide to Bigger Crops.
May we mail it to you,
together with name of
nearest Gilson Dealer?

J. E. GILSON CO.

Makers of Garden Tools

101 Valley Street
Port Washington Wisconsin

Seeds

Worth More

than their Weight j
in Gold!

Our 1921 Spring Seed Annual sent on request

30-32 BARCLAY STREET

NEW YORK CITY

Stumpp & Walter Co’s. Fine Strains

of Flower Seeds

embody all the skill and experience of the foremost flower seed
growers the world over. Here are a few offers designed to acquaint
you with the better things among Flowers for the Home Garden.

Pkt. I

Petunias, S. & W. Co’s. Giant Fringed Mixed 25

Arctotis Grandis, Blue African Daisy, very handsome 15

Calendula, Orange King, very large deep orange color .25

Carnation, Giant Marguerite Mixed, very double sweet scented .10
Jjj Celosia, Pride of Castle Gould, the finest to be had in Cockscomb .25

Gaillardia, The Bride, very fine double white 15

Helichrysum, Double Mixed, everlasting(straw flowers) in all colors .10
Marigold, Giant Show Orange, the largest and best of their class .25

Poppy, Double Queen, very beautiful, ail colors mixed 15

Salpiglossis, Finest Mixed, will flower all summer, 10

Verbena, Giant Mixed, (New) of unusual size 25

HI Zinnia, S. &. W. Co’s. Giant Mixed, none better to be had 25

1 Special Combination Offer: ;r

purchased separately would cost $2.25, sent prepaid anywhere in the
United States and Canada for $2.00.

The higher bred the strain, the poorer the
yield of seed becomes ! Except for man’s
assistance in pollinizing the flowers, our Giant
Fringed Petunias would bear no seed at all! We
have the courage to pay our specialists $25 per
ounce for our own private strains.

While it is only natural, then, that the seed is expensive,
compared with ordinary commercial strains, it is cheap.
Specially constructed lath houses, tedious hours of pains-
taking work, great care in saving and cleaning the seeds —
these are but a few of the factors that enter into the pro-
duction of our fine strains of Petunias.

92

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

SAVES roses in unblemished beauty. Pleas-
ant and harmless to use. Kills rose
bugs, other insects and prevents disease.
Recommended as the most effective rose
bug destroyer by many eminent rosarians.

Gladiolus — “Marechal Foch?9

The most beautiful Gladiolus of all. A new
unfolding like an exquisite rosebud
gigantic flowers, measuring six inches
, of a warm salmon pink, showing six to
eight of these giant blooms open at one
time on the stalk.

Do not confuse this variety with the
Holland variety of the same name, for
the American Marechal Foch is far
superior. Each 50c; dozen #5.00.

Primulinus Hybrids

A mixture of this charming type with all
its wonderful assortment of delicate shades.
If you want to be introduced to novelties —
here is your opportunity. Dozen 85c; hundred
$6.00.

“My Garden Favorites”

A catalogue so true that you don’t doubt
a word of it. Very much what the garden
lover has longed for all along.

Write and secure one, but do it now. It is free

MAURICE FULD, Inc.

Plantsmen, Seedsmen

7 West 45th Street New York

For Sale by

Ella V. Baines

W. W. Barnard Co

Beckert’s Seed Store

Joseph Breck & Sons

Bobbink & Atkins

Arthur T. Boddington Co.

Robert Buist Co

Burnett Bros

Caldwell & Jones

.Springfield, Ohio

Chicago, III.

. . Pittsburgh, Pa.
. . . Boston, Mass.
Rutherford, N. J.
New York, N. Y.
Philadelphia, Pa.
New York, N. Y.
Hartford, Conn.

Dingee & Conard Co West Grove, Pa.

Henry A. Dreer, Inc Philadelphia, Pa.

F. H. Ebeling Syracuse, N. Y.

R. & J. Farquhar Co Boston, Mass.

Fottler, Fiske, Rawson Co Boston, Mass.

Chas. E. Frankenbach & Sons. .Southampton, L. I., N. Y.

Maurice Fuld, Inc New York, N. Y.

Good & Reese Co Springfield, Ohio

Great Western Plant Co Springfield, Ohio

Thomas J. Grey Boston, Mass.

Hart & Vick, Inc Rochester, N. Y.

Henderson’s Seed Store Chicago, III.

Peter Henderson & Co New York, N. Y.

William M. Hunt & Co New York, N. Y.

A. C. Kendel Seed Store Cleveland, Ohio

Andrew R. Kennedy, Inc New York, N. Y.

McGregor Brothers Co Springfield, Ohio

W. E. Marshall & Co New York, N. Y.

Henry F. Michell Co Philadelphia, Pa.

M uller-Sealey Co., Inc New York, N. Y.

A. K. Powers Falmouth Foreside, Me.

Julius Roehrs Co

Schmidt & Botley Co.

Max Schling, Inc

George L. Siegel

I. N. Simon & Son. . .
Stumpp & Walter Co.

J. M. Thorburn & Co.
Charles H. Totty Co..

Hosea Waterer

Weeber & Don

A. E. Wohlert

. Rutherford, N. J.
New York, N. Y.
New York, N. Y.

Erie, Pa.

Philadelphia, Pa.
. New York, N. Y.
New York, N. Y.
. . . Madison, N. J.
. Philadelphia, Pa.
New York, N. Y.
. . . .Narberth, Pa.

Pint, §1.00; Quart, $1.75; Half-gallon, $3.25; Gallon, $6.00
ORDER FROM YOUR SEEDMAN OR NURSERYMAN

THE CARDEN CHEMICAL COMPANY

NEW V Q FA K CITY, N . Y.

Egg Harbor Pole Bean

Is just one of a score of unusual vegetables of
merit described and offered in our catalogue

“Your Garden
Year ”

f y

■"*, Garden Magazine

, Readers have sent many

•A ■Nb|£sL * i inquiries about this bean

and have stated that they
have looked through many

0 this excellent bean can be

We consider it one of the
most desirable varieties, yet one
of the least known, but in due
time we predict it will supersede
many older kinds.

We sincerely hope that every reader of Garden Magazine will have
a copy of “Your Garden Year” in their library as a reference for the finer
types of Vegetables and Flowers.

It will be a pleasure to send you “Your Garden Year,” without cost.

Edward T Bromfield Seed Co.

GARDEH CITY - NEW YORK

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

93

SHR UBS

Deciduous & Ornamental

The seemingly uninteresting and monotonous spots
about the grounds can be easily transformed into a
haven of artistic beauty by the careful arrangement of
appropriate shrubbery.

And, as now is the proper time for their planting, our
service department’s experts suggest:

WEIGELA (In variety)
VIBURNUM-SNOWBALL
FLOWERING ALMOND
SWEET PEPPER BUSH
BUSH HONEYSUCKLE
STRAWBERRY SHRUBS

MOCK ORANGE
PEARL BUSH
RUSSIAN OLIVE
HYDRANGEA
DEUTZIA
SPIRAEA

( Good strong shrubs — 50c. each or $5.50 a doz.)

(Special) French Hybrid Named Lilacs (Special)
{All excellent specimens — 75c. each or $7.50 a doz.)

We earnestly wish that all those sincerely interested in
“better grounds” consider the services of the experts
who make up our service department, at all times at
their disposal, whether they are customers or not.
New catalogue gratis.

Successful for O'der a century

AMERICAN /NURSERIES

H E. HOLDEN. Manager

Singer Building

MEW YORK

Plant a Tree!

The Pine for Windbreaks

“This is the forest 'primeval,
the murmuring pines and the hemlocks,"

sang Longfellow. Always, pines speak of ro-
mance and the cool fragrant depths of the forest.
They also serve an intensely practical purpose
as windbreaks. Planted to windward, they soft-
| en the rigors of the bleakest climate — increase
comfort and decrease fuel bills.

Our Austrian Pines flourish on windswept
coasts and high, bleak hills, their stout root-
systems winning a foothold, even on poor soils.
The Norway Spruce is also a very popular tree
for windbreaks.

iiiiiiiiw Ins, Phlox

Ornamental Evergreens
Quality Trees and Shrubs

We have been over Fifty Years in
Developing the Thurlow Strain of High
Grade Peonies and feel that our stock
cannot be excelled for Quality, Size and
Vigor. Order now for your Spring
Planting.

Our catalogue is free for the asking and
will greatly assist you in choosing the
varieties which you should order now
or for early fall planting.

T. C. Thurlow’s Sons, Inc.

Cherry Hill Nurseries

West Newbury Mass.

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Rosedale Evergreens include a complete stock
of Pines and Spruces. All have been frequently
transplanted, causing them to form compact
root systems of great vigor.

A Catalogue?

Yes, two of them

Our Spring Catalogue, now
ready, lists nearly seventy vari-
eties of Evergreens, also a varied
assortment of Trees, Flowering
Shrubs, Roses, Fruits and Per-
ennials. Our Fall Catalogue,
ready August 1st, will contain
valuable information for planting.
In it we present a special list
of choice Peonies in addition
to our suggestions for fall plant-
ing material.

Send us your name and
address and we ll mail you
both.

DOUGLAS FIR
This hardy native tree makes
a handsome lawn specimen

Prices as Low as Consistent with Highest Quality

fOSEDALE

r><

I\QI The Home of Well-Grown Evergreens’

Box A Tarrytown, N. Y.

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94

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

Easy Gardening

PRACTICAL, highly productive gardens are surpris-
ingly easy with proper tools. The old-fashioned garden
laid out in beds, planted on hands and knees, cultivated
with a hand hoe, and weeded with the fingers, is a thing
of the past. Now the home gardener follows the example
of the market gardener, laying the garden out in long
rows, planting and cultivating it with wheel tools like
the one shown here.

IRON AGE

GARDEN TOOLS enable you to step right out in your
own yard and raise, as a pleasant pastime, fresh, delicious
peas, tender corn, cucumbers, crisp lettuce, succulent
beans, and beautiful flowers, all from your own plants
throughout the Spring, Summer and Fall.

IRON AGE Garden Tools are made in many styles.
There are hill and drill seeders that sow seed with remark-
able accuracy, either in hills or drills, furrowing, planting,
covering, packing the soil, and marking the next row all in
one operation. There are single and double wheel hoes that
make furrows, ridge, cultivate, hoe and rake, keeping the
soil in the well-mulched condition necessary for success.

Write to-day for free booklet, “ Modern Gardening '*

BATEMAN AND COMPANIES, INC.

347 Madison Avenue New York City

Exclusive!

1. Adonis Aleppica.

A rare gem — something to boast about. Grows
1 6 to 20 inches high and produces from sixteen
to twenty main stems. From these many lateral
branches are sent out, each ending in a well-
shaped 8-petaled flower. A fine dark blood-red
enhanced by very handsome cosmos-like foliage.

Pkt. 75 cts.

2. Evening Star Chrysanthemum.

Magnificent single Chrysanthemums like huge daisies,
on stems 18 inches long. Wonderful flowers for cutting!

Grown as easily as a zinnia. Deep golden yellow.

Pkt. 25 cts.

3. American Beauty Aster.

A remarkable new type, with immense double flowers

on long stems, of perfect rose form, often from 6 to 7 Adonis AicooUa

inches in diameter. 5-foot stems are not unusual. Bloom

late. Excellent for tall vases. Same color as the American Beauty
rose. Pkt. 25 cts.

4. New Annual Blue Anchusa.

Like a giant spray of Forget-me-not of the deepest blue on stems
fully 18 inches long; just lovely in the garden or for cutting;
blooms all summer. Pkt. 25 cts.

All 4 of above Rare Novelties
($1.50 value) for $1.00

Schling’s Perpetual Spinach

An exclusive novelty! A delicious big-leaved Spinach from which
you can cut and cut again right through the season until hard
frost. The only variety that will give you an abundant supply
of real Spinach throughout the season. 2 oz. pkg., enough for the
average family, $1.00.

FREE. 75c. pkt. of our new Lilliput Poppy , the flower
sensation, if you order BOTH the 4-Novelties Collection
and the Perpetual Spinach ($2.00). Our “Book for Garden
Lovers’* (25 cts.) also FREE with every order.

ScMings Seeds

Annual Blue Anchusa

24 West 59th St.,

New York

I

All the Advantages of a City
Water System for 2c a Day

TWO Cents a day is all that it costs to operate a Deming
electric-driven “Marvel”. It delivers ample water for
a gleaming white bath-room, a convenient kitchen sink and
handy, labor-saving laundry trays. A turn of the fresh-
water faucet, and the pump automatically goes into action
to bring you cold drinking water fresh from the well. It is
self-operating in every way.

And the low operating cost is rivaled by the low price of
the outfit whether built for operation by electric motor or
gasoline engine. The butter and egg money of the average
farm will pay for a Deming Marvel in no timel
Write us for prices and catalogues. If brief statement of conditions
accompanies request, we will recommend the best system for your par-
ticular needs, furnish prices and estimate as to the cost of installation.

THE DEMING CO., 826 Depot St., Salem, Ohio

HAND AND POWER PUMPS FOf* ALL US£'

\ 3?

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

95

Have a

Wild Flower Sanctuary
on Your Place

He who “gives Sanctuary” in congenial locations to col-
onies of those beautiful wild flowers and ferns that are
threatened with extinction, gives pleasure to himself and
to his friends, adds to the beauty of his premises and
performs an agreeable duty to his country and to posterity.

You, yourself — if you have on your place a wooded slope,
or ravine, or even a shady nook under trees, or on the
north side of the house, — can do your part. If you have
a boggy meadow, a brook or a pool, so much the better;
you can protect more varieties.

The expenditure involved is surprisingly moderate when
compared with that of ordinary gardening. In a “Sanctu-
ary” there is little construction work and little soil pre-
paration, no manuring or cultivating, no spraying or
training. Once properly established in a suitable local-
ity, the plants will care for themselves and increase and
multiply as the seasons come and go.

We lave prepared a “Sanctuary” circular, containing a
list of some of the choicer shrubs, ferns and wild flowers
that are either very rare naturally or have become so
through the assaults of their enemies and need the pro-
tection that can be given only on a private place.

The plants are so grouped that a selection can be made
to fit almost any locality and any purse. Prices are also
given.

t his circular and our unusual catalogue will be mailed
free. Send for your copy, addressing either office given
below and kindly mention GARDEN MAGAZINE.

EDWARD GILLETT HERBERT DURAND

Fern and Flower Farm Specialist in Wild Gardening

3 Main St., Southwick, Mass. 286 Fifth Ave., New York City

The Impressive Beauty

of Decorative Dahlias

SOONER or later you’ll start growing Dahlias! And if
in doubt with which kinds to start, choose the Decor-
atives. They will please you with their strong growth in
the garden; they will satisfy you with the quantity of superb flowers which
they yield and last, not least, their lasting qualities after cutting will prove
a delightful surprise. It will be a pleasure to serve you with what I frankly
believe to be the most comprehensive collection of Decorative Dahlias in
the World!

I Guarantee Either of These

Selections to Please You —

Six Selected Decoratives of Surprising Beauty for $2.00

Frank A Walker, lavender-pink. Minos, velvety maroon.

Mile. Marie Hoste. Heliotrope shaded white. Princess Juliana, pure white.
Mina Burgle, finest scarlet. Purple Manitou, finest purple.

( Catalogue value of above $2.45)

Six Giant Decoratives of Recognized Merit for $5.00

Jeanne Charmet. lavender-pink. Leo XIII, deep yellow.

Jhr. Boreel van Hoogelanden, orange shades. Noir Alvarez, crimson maroon.
Le Grand Manitou, white striped purple. Souv. de Gustave Doazon, red.

( Catalogue value of above is $6.25)

Let my catalogue open up to you new vistas of greater garden de-
lights. Your every wish or fancy in form, color or size in Dahlias can be
gratified. The modern Dahlia brings us a greater variety of shapes and
colors than is found in any other class of flowers. The world-wide extent
of my business has caused me to take stock of all likes and tastes so that
I am in a position to gratify the wishes of all. May I prove this to you
through my free catalogue? I also grow Glad-
ioli, Peonies, Irises, Phlox, Chrysanthemums,

Cannas, Hardy Plants, Ornamental and Flower-
ing Shrubs and Evergreens. You will find all
described in the catalogue, with valuable cultural
notes. Please ask for the catalogue TO-DAY —
a postcard request will do!

J. K. ALEXANDER

World's Largest Dahlia Grouier

27-29 Central St., East Bridgewater, Mass.

“The Dahlia King’*

Millions of Fine Field-grown Roots —
Thousand Charming Kinds —

96

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

The Stately Beauty of
English Delphiniums

A Garden Magazine author, not so long ago, called the
Delphiniums the Spires and Minarets of the Garden and
we believe, with him, that a more inspiring sight is diffi-
cult to discover than a well-planted border of these
impressive blue flowers. Delphiniums are among the
most beautiful hardy plants and nothing can be more
distinct and satisfactory. They are stately and pictur-
esque, some varieties growing 8 feet high in rich soil;
they have immense spikes of most beautiful flowers of
every imaginable shade of blue, and their season is a
long one; in fact, they will bloom from spring till
fall if properly treated.

Special Offer of Improved English Delphiniums

I want every one to try these improved English Delphiniums and to
that end offer them at extremely low prices. I guarantee that they
will give unqualified satisfaction in every instance and will be a
revelation of beauty to most people.

Fine Mixed English, grown from seed of famous named sorts,
$2.50 per dozen, $16.00 per hundred.

Selected Varieties, selected from thousands of seedlings grown from
choicest named sorts, $3.50 per dozen. $23.00 per hundred.
Extra-selected Varieties, Each 50c, $5.00 per dozen.

Besides, we can furnish the following standard sorts at the uniform
price (for well-grown plants), $2.50 per dozen, $15.00 per hundred.
Belladonna, turquoise blue. Chinense album, white.

Chinense, gentian blue. Bellamosum, dark blue, white center.

THE ELLIOTT CATALOGUE

will help you solve any problem which the entire next garden season
may bring in either the ornamental or utility garden. Sent regularly to
all customers of record. Gladly sent free to new friends upon request.

ELLIOTT NURSERY

J. Wilkinson Elliott, Owner

Pittsburgh, Pa.

Gather

Greater

Crops!

Unfertile soil
can not produce
maximum crops.
Feed the plants
and the plants will
feed you. Get bet-
ter vegetables,
more fruit , finer
flowers, better
lawns, by using

STANDARD

Flower and Garden Fertilizer

A perfectly balanced, odorless and
highly concentrated fertilizer for
plants, trees, lawns, shrubs, flowers —
everything that grows.

A pinch will give a house plant a
new lease of life; a pound will give
200 square feet of ground the ele-
ments necessary for perfect plant de-
velopment; five pounds dissolved in
water will revive 1000 sq.ft, of lawn.

PRICE

2 lb. Can, 35c; 1 lb. Can, 60c; 5 lb. Can $1.75
Postpaid on receipt of check

25 lb. bag, $5.00; by Express, carriage collect

Use dry or dissolved in water. Directions in package. Our circulars
will give you the analysis.

Protect Your

Trees With Standard Tree Bands

Climbing worms, moths, cater-
pillars and insects menace your
most cherished friends — your trees.

Preserve their companionship for
yourself and future generations by
protecting them with our STAN-
DARD TREE BANDS.

Heavy water-proofed, bark col-
ored paper, felt on inner band next
to bark, and a sticky gum under canopy, combine to make the
band. Lasts a season. Not unsightly. Can not injure tree.
Endorsed by practical foresters and fruit growers everywhere.

Shipped in rolls, flat. Easily applied. Simply cut length to
encirle tree. Tack. Then raise outer band. It will mushroom
as shown in cut and so remain.

In rolls of 25 ft., $1.75 per roll. Postpaid on receipt of check.

Circulars on request

THE EGGERT CHEMICAL COMPANY |
Canton, Ohio

Vol. XXXIII, No. 2

April, 1921

The Garden

MAGAZINE

LIBRARY

MEW YWUK
BOTANICAL

I

-H

QC

O.

Arthur G. Eldredge, Photo.

“AND EARTH UNTO HER FINGER TIPS
TINGLES WITH THE SPRING.”

IVilliam Watson

Azaleas (mollis and amoena) in full flower, backed by Rhododendron
and — stretching away at the left — a long row of blossoming, fragrant
Wisteria make the whole world seem abloom. The rhythmic
sweep of Beech boughs overhead, just flecking into green, is part of
the triumphant harmony. D. Willis James Estate, Madison, N. J.

97

98

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

Leonard Barron , Photo

“AND CLOUDS OF COLOR AND PERFUME THAT
FLOAT FROM THE ORCHARDS PINK AND WHITE”

Maurice Francis Egan

The Japanese Flowering Crabapple (Malus floribunda)
is already well known as a garden tree. Nothing could
be lovelier than this gleaming, rosy cloud of bloom
against the sombre green of Pines — a contrast worthy
of note by the prospective planter. Less ethereal, but
equally effective, is Malus floribunda during its fruiting
season, when numberless little, long-stemmed, yellow-
gold apples swing from every limb. The fruit can, of
course, be converted into an excellent jelly for the
provident housekeeper’s winter shelf. This particular
tree stands in the Arnold Arboretum, near Boston, Mass.

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

99

Mattie H. Hewitt, Photo.

'THROUGH THE SILVER MIST
OF THE BLOSSOM-SPRAY”
( Unknown )

The airy delicacy of the Japan Clematis (C. paniculata)
is admirably suited to this particular type of doorway,
the structural grace of which is enhanced rather than
obscured by the use of such a vine. Doorway planting
may mean so much or so little — the inviting fragrance
of the host of pearl-white, enframing blossom makes
this doorway a pleasant one to enter

JUST HOW TO START YOUR
GARDEN CLUB

FRANCES DUNCAN

Author of “My Garden Doctor,” “Roberta of Roseberry Gardens,” “Home Vegetables and Small Fruits,” etc.

S:. F YOU would like to see your section of the city infinitely
- prettier, windows abloom with flowery window-boxes,
yards gay with blossoming shrubs; if you would like
j to see your home town the garden-spot of the county,
your own door-yard one that makes every passer-by stop and
look longingly over the fence; if you would like a friendlier, more
informal intercourse between friend and neighbor, more real
happiness — then start a Garden Club, make your own garden,
and watch results! 1 doubt if any one ever made a garden with-
out someone else being tempted to do likewise. One of the most
delightful things about gardening is that it’s both contagious and
infectious.

The most successful of garden societies or garden clubs have
had the smallest beginnings. The W oman’s National Agricult-
ural and Horticultural Association, now numbering more than
a thousand members though only a few years old, began with a
half-dozen members. The Baltimore “ Home Garden Com-
mittee” which numbered in one of its competitions no less than
twelve hundred small gardens, had a very modest birth, and the
Philadelphia “Society of Little Gardens,” one of the most suc-
cessful and energetic of garden clubs, now mothering dozens of
little “garden groups” located elsewhere, was started by two
ladies, neither of whom had a garden — though both knew they
wanted gardens, and both have gardens now.

Starting the Club

IN FACT this last is precisely the origin that most garden
clubs have had: two or three women who care about flowers
have come together to “ talk it over” informally, perhaps over a
cup of tea, perhaps on a shady porch overlooking the garden
of one of them. Often the idea has been wholly impromptu.

Suppose you, yourself, would like to start a garden club.
Invite two or three of your friends who are flower-lovers and
talk it over. Consider which of your friends and acquaintances
would be likely to be interested. If a name for the infant
club can be thought of at this early stage, so much the better;
for then prospective members may be invited to meet and dis-
cuss forming the - — Garden Club. In fact the whole idea
of what the club might do, could be pretty clearly thought
out by the two or three originators. Because to persuade a
group to take up a plan, alter, find fault with it if they choose,
better it, or even re-model it completely, is easier and saves
more time than to start with no plan at all and try to get the
group to formulate one.

making sure of success. The most effective way of making
sure from the first of the success of the organization, the keen
and sustained interest of the members, is to make it a condition
of membership that each member will, herself, start a garden of
some sort. It may be an acre lot or a three foot window-shelf,
the size is unimportant. One of the most useful members of a
certain garden club has a “garden” that measures about eight
by three feet! The important point is that each member agree
to embark on some sort of garden enterprise. (This require-
ment is merely a rather literal taking of the “active interest in
gardening” — the usual qualification for active membership in a
garden club).

Another important point is that there be an Exhibition. It
may be a Flower Show of some sort, or a competitive exhibition
of gardens during certain weeks, but whatever its character, an
exhibition of some kind there should be. It will be found that.

barring perhaps a Baby Show, no exhibit in the town awakes
more general interest; sometimes the whole community is en
fete for the Flower Show and wildly enthusiastic. At all events,
these two points being determined, both public and private in-
terest is secured for the young club, and it is as sure to grow as
was the lamb to follow Mary.

organization. However energetic a Club may be, energy
alone will not run it; some sort of organization is necessary for
convenience in working. The running gear may be very
simple, the red tape be reduced to a minimum, for the club
must fit the locality and the convenience of its members.

The following organization, or something very like it, has
been found by many garden clubs both sufficiently strong
and yet sufficiently elastic to be thoroughly practical.

Besides the usual officers — President, Vice-president, Secre-
tary, Treasurer (the two last may, if desired, be the same
person), the Club has a Librarian or a Library Committee.

No sooner is a Club started with members all intent on garden-
making than a demand arises for information and reliable
garden-books; wherefore the Librarian. And for a Garden-
club Librarian a knowledge of gardening is far more important
than a knowledge of books. Beauty of style and sumptuous-
ness of illustration are pleasant enough in a book if one wants
only to read about gardening, but if one wants to make a garden,
the important thing is whether or not the writer is safe to follow.
This being “ safe to follow” is as needful in a garden-book as in a
cook-book. Very shortly the Club will find that the acquisition
of a good horticultural library has become one of its objects.
In the meantime, establish a cooperative lending library
and remember that much excellent garden-literature is avail-
able for a two-cent stamp. Uncle Sam publishes many valuable
bulletins which may be had for the asking, and your own state
experiment station can often give much aid. Many seedsmen
and nurserymen, particularly specialists in some one plant,
have booklets concerning the care and culture of plants which
are extremely practical and to the point.

So much for the officers. Then there is the Executive Com-
mittee— usually made up of the officers with the addition of
two members; the Membership Committee (the Executive
Committee may serve also as Membership Committee); and,
what is very important, the Bureau of Exchange. This
may be in charge of a committee or of a single member; the lat-
ter is preferable. To this “bureau” members send word of
extra plants, Larkspur or Phlox or whatever it may be, of which,
in re-making their gardens in spring or autumn they find they
will have a surplus.

dues are rarely more than one dollar a year; in many clubs
they are but twenty-five cents.

meetings. It has been found pleasanter to vary the time of
meetings, having them later in the afternoon during the summer
months, and wiser to omit them from November to February.
But these are matters that each club settles for itself. Such
also is the question of whether light refreshments shall or shall
not be served by the hostess of the day. Certainly a cup of tea
adds greatly to the sociability and promotes a very informal
after-discussion, but it is well to omit it occasionally lest it
become a rule and the club meetings take on a purely social
character. Papers by members on garden subjects form a basis
for the informal discussion which is the life of a club; articles
by experts culled from the magazines make a good substitute
when the home-talent papers are not forth-coming, but always

100

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

101

i discussion should follow for this will bring to light much un-
I suspected ability. A few good subjects for discussion are:

Fall Planting — is it preferable to spring planting for our
locality?

What’s the best form of winter Protection, and why?

Roses — which are the best, and why?

Best ways of making slips or cuttings.

What are the best ways of screening?

What garden improvement does our town most need?

Formal or informal gardening — which is better for the small
place?

A delightful element is introduced when cuttings of various
plants, or superfluous plant infants, are brought to the meeting
for the members to take home. A collection of garden photo-
graphs may be the work of another member.

Lantern slides may be had, some of them beautifully colored,
showing details of charming gardens both here and abroad.
Some garden associations have fine collections of them and use
them in “missionary tours” in gardenless parts of their city.

Lectures are stimulating and any stray expert or gardenwise
visitor should by all means be invited to give the club the benefit
of his or her experience; but no club need depend for stimulus
upon the outside lecturer. There is more stimulus in meeting
your own problems in your own way, and asking for advice
when you need it. Some very interesting experiments in hor-
ticulture were made in this country by women nearly two hun-
dred years ago when lecturers on gardening were none and the
only way to find out if a plant would grow was to try it ; a method
that still remains unequalled. There are many fascinating ex-
periments that can be tried by two or three club members, and
the results given to all are vastly interesting. Horticultural
experiment is so much fun it’s a pity to leave it entirely to
professionals; and quite unnecessary.

Affiliation With Other Clubs or Organization

IF ONE or more of the club members be members also of one
of the larger garden associations, then the resources of the
larger organization are at the disposal of the young club; and
larger organizations can be very useful. There is the School
Garden Association, in touch with School Gardens all over
the country. The General Federation of Women’s Clubs has
been sending out a “Travelling Portfolio of Civic Art” (gotten
up, 1 believe, by the New York Sorosis). It is large and delight-
fully illustrated, each page made by an expert, and it has a
comprehensive garden section. The Women’s National Agri-
cultural and Horticultural Association, with a membership
from Maine to California of professional women gardeners
(although any one who likes a garden may join), is very ready
with assistance and can often put you in touch with some one
near who can give precisely the assistance needed; for it is a
cooperative association. The Garden Club of America admits
clubs as a whole into its membership and has among its members
some of the best gardeners of the country.

This being in touch with the best gardeners the country over,
makes the woman with the tiniest garden feel as if her work were
an integral part of the big movement for lovelier homes and a
more beautiful country — and in truth it is.

Exhibitions

ENGROSSING as are the activities of the club to the in-
dividual member, to the outsider it is the Exhibitions
that are the big thing — the Flower Shows and Flower Market.
These may be many or few, but every club should have them,
and it is astonishing what an effective showing can be made by
gardeners who thought they had “nothing to show.”

Exhibitions of single kinds of flowers: a Gladiolus Show, a
Dahlia Show, a Chrysanthemum Show, and of course a Rose
Show, are very popular. For a club that starts in the Autumn,
nothing can be more charming than a Bulb Show. In fact, to
start a “Bulb Club” is one of the simplest and most effective
ways of arousing garden interest in your town. Everyone

knows that spring-flowering bulbs may be bought very easily
in large quantities and a group may buy them by the hundred or
thousand, dividing the quantities among themselves. The
sight of golden Daffodils, of scarlet and white Tulips swaying in
the breeze, or of borders of deep blue Hyacinths, blooming w'here
before all was bare, is enough to wake an interest in gardening
in any town; and since they bloom in the early spring, the in-
terest wakes at a propitious moment.

Tables made of boards laid on barrels, the whole covered with
green cambric; glass preserve-jars for the flowers; a piazza that
is sheltered from the wind, or a large, well-lighted room — in
these are all the material aids necessary for a single Flower
Show. Suggestions as to the “points” on w'hich prizes are
awarded may be had from one of the larger societies.

A competitive exhibition of gardens necessarily stretches over
several weeks, as it is only fair that the competing gardens be
seen at their prettiest. Each gardener sends word to the judges
when his garden will be “at home” and the decisions are made
after the last one has been viewed.

Civic Improvement

THE new little gardens springing up, the flowery borders,
cannot help but make the town more attractive, just as the
Crocus in a dozen tiny dooryards of Beacon Street area delight
to all Boston; but beyond this, much civic improvement may
be accomplished by a group of gardeners. In one club, the
members tried tree planting; each one taking her block and
simply suggesting or asking her neighbors to set out a tree; as
soon as several house owners had done so, the rest followed suit.
The trees in this case were Horsechestnuts. Streets of different
trees, blooming at different seasons would greatly prolong the
gala period. A street where in front of each house was a
Japanese Flowering Cherry, would look in April like a bit of
Japan at her loveliest moment; on another street, a bit later,
might be the dazzling white of Magnolias — there is such a one
in Rochester, N. Y.

A Garden Club could beg for the two-foot wide strip next the
fence of a school playground and make it lovely with vines and
shrubs stout enough to withstand an occasional base-ball, thus
giving the children something more refreshing to look on than
pavement and iron railing. The Garden Club of Alma, Michi-
gan, used a vacant lot as a trial and experiment ground thus
making it into a charming little Botanic Garden. If the schools
are slow' in the matter, the Club starts gardening for children.
The Garden Club of Lincoln, Nebraska, cooperating with the
Commercial Club, established and manages for the children a
prosperous Children’s Market. The local Garden Club has
undertaken to beautify the grounds around the hospital at
Flushing, N. Y. In Ridgewood, N. J. is a Garden Club that
numbers more than two hundred men of the place, and is the
common meeting ground for all the local activities.

The small Garden Club in the small town may seem an in-
significant affair, yet no one factor in all our American life
is able to make so definitely and positively for out-door beauty.
We have such sore need, not of great places — of these we have a
goodly number — but of lovely little places, of little gardens full
of charm and character, as gardens are when made by folk who
love them; of suburbs where bits of native loveliness in tree and
grass are saved by quick concerted action from the contractor’s
destruction that sometimes goes with “improvement” (which,
as St. Paul said of science, is often “falsely so-called”). We
need lovely little parks — places of rest and refreshment not all
asphalt, and iron benches, and deadly uniformity; we need
playgrounds that have flow'ers and shade, as wrell as up-to-date
play apparatus; school buildings that have a setting of garden
and greenery instead of resembling a prison; school gardens
supervised by real gardeners, rather than by overworked
teachers. All this the little Garden Club can do.

And beside this work for the community, the Garden Club
inevitably makes life sweeter and brighter to every one who is
in it or who touches it. So — start your Garden Club!

NATIVE
HAWTHORNS
FOR OUR GARDENS

JOHN DUNBAR

Assistant Superintendent of Parks, Rochester, N. Y.

Clarifying Some of the Mysteries of the
Strange Groups of Plants, the Latent Beauties
of Which Have Only Recently Been Disclosed

The fruits, like miniature ap-
ples, golden, yellow, scarlet,
and often persisting long into
the winter, have attractive
values for the landscape
(Crataegus Barryana,
crimson fruits, October to
December)

Editor’s Note: It is only with in the last Jew
years that light has been shed on this wonderful
family of small trees — perhaps the most conspicu-
ous in fruit and flower and most widely distributed
of all our native flora. The Park Department of
Rochester, N. Y., has rendered American Horticul-
ture many services, but in none of its unselfish
work has it accomplished more than in lending
its aid toward making these Hawthorns of ours
better known to the public. In an earlier contri-
bution to these pages (Garden Magazine for
December 1912) Mr. Dunbar discussed the horti-
cultural values of a selected list of species, which
this present article amplifies.

A f LTHOUGH they have always been conspicuous among
C/ yg the native trees of our countryside, it is only just now
j /Wm that the importance, usefulness and beauty of the
North American Hawthorns is beginning to make an
impression on some American landscape gardeners in the decor-
ation of gardens, private estates, and parks. This present
realization of their worth is mainly due to the vast and com-
prehensive work accomplished by the Arnold Arboretum of
Harvard University, under the direction of Dr. C. S. Sargent,
in the demonstration of the adaptability of numerous species of
American Hawthorns for the adornment of parks and gardens.
The beauty of many of these native trees with their flowers in
spring; ample foliage in summer; showy fruits of scarlet, crim-
son, orange-red, and orange-yellow ripening in August or later,
according to species, and maintained throughout the autumn
until early winter, distinguishes them from all other small trees
in ornamental plantations.

Twenty-five years ago, fourteen species and a few varieties
of North American Hawthorns were recognized. At the
present time one thousand and twenty-one new species are
known, and of that number five hundred and eighty-five species
have been described by Doctor Sargent. The old conception of
the species of North American Hawthorns and their limitations,
was mainly adopted by Torrey and Gray in their “Flora of North
America’’ in 1838. Four species were subsequently added by
Engelman, Chapman, and Green. It has therefore been cus-
tomary for many botanists to think of American Hawthorns
in the terms of Torrey and Gray, and the scientific conclusions
of some botanists in late years in multiplying species of Cratae-
gus have been viewed with disfavor, and even with ridicule, by a
few botanists.

The modern conception of American Hawthorns began to
reveal itself about 1898 at the Arnold Arboretum when a num-
ber of young plants, that had been raised from seeds collected
in different parts of this country eighteen or twenty years
previously, began to flower and fruit. It was then seen that
different plants (which it had been supposed belonged to one
species) differed in their time of flowering, in the number of
stamens and color of anthers, in the time of ripening their fruits,
and in the form of the nutlets; and that these features were

constant and could be depended on as distinguishing character-
istics. And further, it was found that these seedling plants
did not differ in any of these characteristics from the parent
individuals from which the seeds had been gathered.

The horticultural importance of this work developed with the
scientific interest. From 1900 until 1917 four thousand ninety-
five lots of seeds were sowed at the Arboretum. The collecting
of these seeds from individual parent plants (all of which were
carefully numbered, and which were represented by sheets of
dried leaves, flowers and fruits in the herbarium, to which
copious field notes on the type plants were added); the prepara-
tion of the seeds for sowing; the observation of the germination,
which does not occur before two years in the seeds of Crataegus;
the transplanting the seedlings into nursery rows, until large
enough to plant out permanently; all this detail and the extreme
care maintained during all this time to preserve exact records,
was indeed a tremendous task. It has been estimated that
over 225,000 Crataegus seedlings were raised at the Arboretum
during this period.

Farge experimental sowings of cereal and forage plants have
been made in different agricultural establishments in different
countries, notably by the Vilmorins in France; but probably no
institution, outside of the Arnold Arboretum, has ever made
such extensive experimental sowings of any woody plants with
such correct scientific details, and it is quite remarkable that
this work was accomplished simultaneously with Mr. Wilson’s
Chinese expeditions, which themselves weighed heavily on
the facilities of the institution, as may be imagined.

RATAEGUS species fall into twenty-one natural groups
which can be recognized at a glance. 'For instance the
Crus-galli group (which now contains 103 species) is based on
a form to which Finnaeus gave the name. All are characterized
by obovate leaves, wedge-shaped at the base, dark green above,
usually serrate above the middle, leathery, with short petioles;
fruit mostly subglobose to short oblong, with one to five nutlets
prominently ridged on the back. The corymbs are many
flowered.

The origin of these species is difficult to explain. They pre-
sent no evidence of hybrid origin as all the forms come freely

102

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

103

from seed, and the progeny do not show any diverse varietal
tendency, which is always seen in recent hybrids. The Dar-
winian explanation of the origin of species probably applies.

The geographical distribution of the groups is of much inter-
est. The Crus-galli, Punctatae, and Molles groups are widely
distributed from the valley of the St. Lawrence River to Texas.

The Tomentosae group, which is recognized by the longitu-
dinal cavities on the inside of the nutlets, is mainly a northern
group, but it extends in a few species to the Rocky Mountains
and the northern Pacific states. Species of this group are a
conspicuous feature of the vegetation in central and northern
Ontario, Canada, and particularly abundant at Belleville and
Kingston, Ontario.

The Anomalae group has some general features in common
with the Tomentosae, with
very slight indentations on
the inner faces of the nutlets,
but this group is mostly con-
fined to Ontario, Michigan,

New York, and Pennsylvania.

The Rotundifoliae group is
very common along the val-
ley of the St. Lawrence River.

The species are mostly north-
ern, but there are represen-
tatives in Virginia, North
Carolina, Tennessee, and
Georgia, and westward in
Colorado.

The Pruinosae group is
mostly northern and is repre-
sented by numerous species
in Western New York, Penn-
sylvania, and New England,
but it does extend beyond the
Mississippi.

The Medioximae group,
which in many respects is
similar in group characters
to the Pruinosae but distin-
guished by a sessile calyx,
has about the same distribu-
tion as the Pruinosae.

The Tenuifoliae group is
represented by a large num-
ber of species in the north-
eastern states, and does not
occur in the southern states
except at high altitudes.

The Intricatae group is
found sparingly in Ontario, a
number in New York State,
and in New England, and
they extend southward to
Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia
and Florida. The species are
most abundant in Pennsyl-
vania where thirty-three oc-
cur. The individuals in this
group are beautiful garden
plants.

The Bracteatae, Triflorae,

Aestivales and Microcarpae
groups are exclusively con-
fined to the southern states.

The Washington Thorn,

Crataegus cordata, which is
extensively planted in the
north, is of the Microcarpae
group.

The Flavae group is onl>

found in the south-eastern states; and the Virides group in the
South Atlantic and Gulf states, and the valley of the Missis-
sippi contains some beautiful and highly ornamental species.

Many of these Hawthorns are revealing themselves as excel-
lent garden plants, so that it is really a difficult matter to select
twelve, eighteen, or twenty-four; but, nevertheless, by rigid
selection of typical species in each group I am able to make this
list of twenty-two which seem to me to be most desirable, taking
garden use only into consideration.

Crus-galli Group. There are two very important species.
Crataegus fecunda forms a tree twenty to twenty-five feet, with
stout, wide-spreading branches making a broad, round-topped
open head. The usually oval leaves are deep green and lustrous.
The clusters of small flowers, with ten to fifteen stamens and

ONE OF THE TOMENTOSAE GROUP

Crataegus macrantha is an example of the group widely distributed in the North Eastern region. It has broad hairy
leaves and grows up to 15 feet. The white flowers of May are followed by clusters of scarlet fruits in September

104

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

WHERE NATURE’S GEMS ARE KEPT

Here on the fringe of a clearing to make way for the spreading town a native Hawthorn has been left to become a conspicuous
garden ornament. What useless sacrifices are often made in the name of progress. (Crataegus durobrovensis at Rochester, N. Y.)

rose-colored anthers, are followed by showy clusters of orange-
red fruits from the end of September to the first of November.
C. regain is a tree thirty to thirty-two feet, with ascending and
spreading branches, and broadly oval to elliptic leaves, deep
green and lustrous. The clusters of small flowers have ten
stamens with yellow anthers, and the numerous clusters of small,
orange-red fruits are conspicuous from the first of October to the
end of November. The foliage remains in good condition until
the end of November, when nearly all other Hawthorns are leaf-
less. This handsome species is a native of Alabama and
Georgia, and C. D. Beadle, its discoverer, predicted that “ it
was destined to be a favorite in cultivation.”

Virides Group. Crataegus nitida stands out prominently,
as it is already a favorite in some New England gardens. A
handsome tree thirty feet high, with leaves usually lanceolate
in outline, and dark green above, its flowers produced in great
profusion, and having fifteen to twenty stamens with yellow
anthers. The scarlet fruits ripen in October and hang until the
middle of November. The foliage assumes a handsome orange-
red color in October.

Pruinosae Group. This contains a large array of species
but perhaps the type of the group, C. pruinosa, is one of the
handsomest. It is often a small tree fifteen to twenty feet,
with low-spreading horizontal branches forming a broad head.
The large flowers, with twenty stamens and rose colored an-
thers, are produced in small clusters. The clusters of angled
fruit become orange-red in October.

Medioximae Group. Crataegus Barryana is an arborescent
shrub, twelve to fifteen feet, with low-spreading and partly
ascending branches forming a broad, flattish head. Leaves

broadly oval to ovate. The handsome flowers, on conspicuous
corymbs, have from seven to ten stamens with purple anthers.
The crimson-salmon fruits ripen in October and are very orna-
mental until the first of December.

Molles Group. Represented by numerous beautiful species
that are excellent garden plants, C. Arnoldiana is typical. This
is usually a small tree fifteen to twenty feet tall, with stout
ascending branches, forming a distinct oblong head. The
leaves, usually broadly ovate, are ample and distinctive. The
showy large flowers, with ten stamens and cream-white anthers,
are borne in large clusters. The large, handsome, crimson fruits
in few-fruited clusters, ripen in August and fall about the end
of September. In its early ripening, showy fruit this species
takes an important place. C. arkansana is a tree twenty or
more feet, with stout branches, spreading and ascending very
irregularly, forming an open head. The oblong to oval leaves
are conspicuously large on young shoots. The large blossoms,
with twenty stamens and cream-yellow anthers, are produced in
large clusters. The clusters of very showy, lustrous crimson
fruits ripen about the end of September and are a conspicuous
feature until the middle of November. C. champlainensis is a
tree from twenty to twenty-five feet tall, with a trunk some-
times from six to eight feet high. The leaves are usually ovate
in outline. The flowers, with ten stamens and cream-white
anthers, are borne in large clusters. The clusters of bright
scarlet fruits are borne in great profusion, ripen about the mid-
dle of September, hang on without loss of color until the middle
of November, and cling to the branches long afterward in a
shriveled condition.

Coccinae Group. Crataegus gloriosa forms a tree from

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

105

twenty-five to thirty feet, with a trunk occasionally six to eight
feet high, the branches are spreading and ascending, and
when the tree stands alone in the open, forms a dense round
head. The leaves are ovate, and ample, always showing a
convexity of surface. The large blossoms, in conspicuous clus-
ters, have from seven to ten stamens and pale pink anthers.
The short, oblong, lustrous crimson, large fruits in bold clusters
ripen in September and fall about the end of October. This is a
common species in Western New York, and Dr. C. S. Sargent
in his description of it, says: “is not surpassed in beauty by any
North American Crataegus.”

Dilatatae Group. This contains only six species but it has
two very decorative plants. C. coccinioides is a tree twenty
feet, with stout spreading branches, forming a broad handsome
head. The leaves are oval to broadly ovate and always appear
very distinctive. The large flowers in large clusters with twenty
stamens and rose-colored anthers are very showy. The dark
crimson, lustrous, roundish fruits in small clusters ripen in
October and are showy until the middle of November. C.
durobrovensis rarely assumes the dimensions of a tree, but is
generally an arborescent shrub from twelve to sixteen feet, with
spreading and ascending branches forming a broad open head.
The leaves are ovate to oval, and deep green. The large blos-
soms, with twenty stamens and large, pale rose-colored anthers,
are borne in conspicuous clusters. The roundish, lustrous crim-
son fruits ripen about the first of October and are most orna-
mental until the middle of December — and if the weather is not
unusually severe, the fruit will occasionally be in good condition

until January. This Hawthorn is not surpassed by any other
in North America as a late fruiting ornamental.

Intricatae Group. In this group are a number of beautiful
and extremely desirable garden plants because, with a few ex-
ceptions, they are of small size, begin to flower and fruit at five
or six years of age, and the foliage of nearly all of the species
assumes bright orange-red tints in the autumn. C. Bissellii is a
low spreading shrub not more than six or seven feet tall. The
oblong-ovate leaves are dark green. The ten-stamened flowers
with pink anthers are borne in small clusters. The short-
oblong fruits have a reddish color tinged with green, and are
ripe in October. C. foetida is an intricately branched arbor-
escent shrub about twelve feet tall, with a round-topped head.
The leaves are ovate to oval, always marked by a concavity of
surface, and are bluish green. The ten-stamened flowers with
cream-white anthers are produced abundantly in small corymbs.
The subglobose fruits, borne in great abundance, are orange-red,
ripen in October, and fall about the middle of November.
C. Peckii is a broad-spreading shrub from five to six feet tall,
with oblong to oval leaves and with a usually concave surface.
The flowers, with ten stamens and pink or pale purple anthers,
are borne on few-flowered corymbs. The short-oblong, yellow
green fruits, tinged with red, are produced in erect clusters and
ripen in October.

Anomalae Group. Crataegus Dunbar ii is a low-spreading
horizontally branched arborescent shrub, inclined to grow to
one stem, becoming twelve to fourteen feet tall and forming a
round, well balanced head. The leaves are semi-orbicular,

ONE OF THE CRUS-GALLI THORNS

In the Arnold Arboretum where this specimen has been allowed to make its growth in its own way
we can realize fully the natural habit, spreading and graceful. Beautiful in form, and in flower and fruit

106

The Garden Magazine , April, 1921

and are borne on short stout stalks, slightly winged at the apex.
The flowers, with ten stamens and rose-colored anthers, are
borne in large corymbs. 1'he roundish sub-globose fruits are
produced in great abundance, and are lustrous crimson; they are
ripe about the first of October and hang on without shrinkage or
loss of color until the middle or end of November. An amateur
in the study of Hawthorns could soon detect this species.

all other species of the genus. Unfortunately this beautiful
tree has not yet proved hardy in the Arboretum, but it well de-
serves a place in every southern garden.

Douglasiana Group. The species in this Group are con-
fined to the north-western states and to the southern Rocky
Mountains, and the two species should be grown in gardens
for their handsome black fruit. The type, C. Douglasii, is a

AN ANCIENT MONARCH

Recently sacrificed to make room for a new dwelling this fine Thorn, Crataegus gloriosa, had stood
perhaps a hundred years, blossoming and fruiting in unappreciated glory. Is there any more handsome
group of shrubs or small trees for garden use? Slow growing, it is true, but often that’s an advantage

Brachyacantha Group. This has only two species, C.
saligna from the mountain regions of Colorado and C. brachya-
cantha of Louisiana and eastern Texas. The latter is a large
tree with wide-spreading branches, lustrous leaves, small
creamv-white flowers produced in innumerable many-flowered
clusters, and large, bright blue fruit which distinguishes it from

common tree in Washington and Oregon, and in the Arboretum
has grown to twice the size of any other Hawthorn in the col-
lection. C. rivularis in its lustrous black fruits when fully ripe,
is one of the most interesting of the black fruited Hawthorns
in the collection in the Rochester Parks.

Tomentosae Group. One hundred and nine species have

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

107

been described in this remarkable group, and the three following
are of real interest. C. Beckiana is a small tree or arborescent
shrub about eighteen feet tall, with spreading and ascending
branches forming a round-topped head, with dark green leaves
broadly ovate. The ten-stamened flowers with dark rose-col-
ored anthers are borne profusely on large corymbs. The sub-
globose lustrous crimson fruits, in large drooping clusters, ripen
early in September and are remarkably showy until the end of
October. C. ferentaria is an intricately branching, arborescent,
tall shrub sometimes attaining a height of fifteen feet. The
leaves are oval to ovate, coriaceous and deep green. The
flowers, with ten stamens and cream-white anthers, are borne
in numerous large corymbs. The showy drooping clusters of
crimson, roundish fruits ripen about the middle of September,
and are conspicuous until the end of October. C. succulenta
becomes a tree from twenty to twenty-two feet, with a trunk
occasionally four to six feet high, and ascending branches form-
ing an open head. The elliptical leaves are coriaceous and deep
green above. The twenty stamened flowers with deep, rosy-
red, small anthers, are produced in profuse clusters. The glo-
bose, bright scarlet fruits, on many fruited clusters ripen about
the middle of September and are highly ornamental until the
first of November.

The North American Crataegus are nearly always found
growing in native conditions in heavy limestone clay. In

the vicinity of Buffalo, Niagara Falls, and on both sides of the
Niagara River where much of the soil is heavy tenacious lime-
stone clay, there are numerous species, and immense colonies of
individuals. With the exception of some of the Virides species
they do not like stagnant water at their roots, and will soon
show a sickly appearance if planted in, or if the land in which
they are naturally growing accidentally assumes, such a con-
dition.

In a section of the Arnold Arboretum known as Peter’s Hill,
a large area is devoted to a plantation of Crataegus species in
which nearly all of the known species of North America with
the exception of those in the extreme south are represented.
They are all planted in natural groups. The ground slopes to
the roadway; and as they gradually grow into adult size and
exhibit with advancing years their flowers, fruits, and habits,
they will be of much educational interest, inasmuch as it is
a fact that the history of every individual is known. So
far about four hundred species have flowered in this collec-
tion.

In Genesee Valley Park, Rochester, N. Y. more than twelve
acres are planted with a collection of American Hawthorns
of which probably four-fifths were procured from the Arnold
Arboretum, and the others were raised by the Park Depart-
ment. In the extent or area given up to a plantation of Haw-
thorns, this probably is the largest in the world.

GROWING EASTER LILIES
IN THE HARDY GARDEN'

DAVIS GRIFFITHS

Horticulturist, Office of Horticultural and Pomological Investigations Bureau of Plant Industry U. S. Dept, of Agriculture

ryiTJ H E Easter Lily of to-day, associated in the popular mind
ITS * J t^ie frosttess Bermudas, was largely produced in

i|| '|g those Islands until recent years. This circumstance
probably more than any other is accountable for the
almost universal conception that a frostless region is essential
for its production and culture. This notion of tenderness has been
still further strengthened by the fact that in ornamental and
other plantings in the Gulf States the Lily is often badly in-
jured and often all but killed outright by the occasional hard
freezes to which the region is subjected.

But at the same time it is said that some of the varieties of
Lilium longiflorum are grown in Japan in a rigorous climate
which has a heavy snowfall, substantiating the view that like
almost all the Lilies, this one should be listed with the hardy
herbaceous Perennials.

Experiments conducted at Arlington Farm, near Washing-
ton, D. C., during the last few years have proven beyond any
doubt that the Easter Lily can be grown, and stocks for forcing
and bedding can be produced to perfection in our climate.
Not only this, but it is more than probable that this climate is
actually better adapted to the production of this Lily than a
warmer one and it is likely that, as time goes on, the stocks
produced in these northern climates will be found much more
free from disease than those grown in a warmer region.

Its Proven Hardness

] OT only is this Lily hardy under a method of handling
l\| which keeps it dormant during the winter (which is the
main feature in its culture in the North), but it withstands and

actually thrives under tremendous punishment by cold weather
when in full vegetative vigor. It has stood 4 degrees of frost
in full blossom without permanent injury; and seedlings set
shallow and in full vegetative vigor, subjected to a temperature
of 1 5 degrees one night before being removed from the
field for forcing, still recovered and were in blossom from the
same crowns 4 months later in the greenhouse.

The Easter Lily has the quickest action of any member of the
genus. Some of its strains can be flowered from seed in 6J to 7
months, which is only a little longer time than is required to
force imported bulbs; and when once mature bulbs have been
produced from seed their increase will average 6 or 8 to a bulb
each year.

Rapidity of Increase

IN TH E matter of seed production it is also a great doer. 1 1 is
not at all unusual for a single plant to produce a thousand
seed or more in months from pollination. If properly handled,
all of these will grow into flowering plants again in 7 to 16
months, and at the same time bulbs of good commercial quality
will be developed.

The Lily is likewise remarkably prolific of reproduction.
The grower of bulbs for sale can easily get 6 or 8 bulblets for
each bulb planted, and 25 to 50 per cent, of them will be large
enough to force with one year’s growth. Imported bulbs
commonly used for forcing, average 6 to 13 inches in circum-
ference, and if he gets 3 to 5 flowers to the plant, the grower is
satisfied. Home-grown bulbs perform much better than this:
they average more than 5 flowers to the plant from bulbs only

108

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

5 to 6 inches in circumference, while a seedling progeny will aver-
age about the same for its first flowering, yto i6months from seed.

With and Without the Greenhouse

NOT only can stocks be produced in our middle latitudes,
but there are many possible modifications in the present
methods of handling which would be greatly advantageous.
It is, for instance, perfectly feasible for a grower, even along our
Canadian border, to produce his own stocks of this Lily for
Easter, and even Christmas or Thanksgiving. It is a simple
matter for him to get ripe seed in June from pollinations made
in the greenhouse at Easter. Such seed, planted the first of
January, pricked off in March, set in the field in May, repotted
before cold weather, can be flowered in batches for Thanks-
giving, Christmas, and Easter. Handled in this way, it does
not matter whether the plants are hardy out-of-doors or not.
They are not out-doors over winter, but are handled like so
many herbaceous biennials or perennials, which receive their
initial push under greenhouse conditions and are brought back
there again to finish their growth.

This kind of handling not only makes the culture of the
Easter Lily widely available, but it greatly reduces the coal bill,
for the plants as a rule are dug from the field nearly half grown.
Much less heat is required to bring them to flower than with
dormant bulbs; and they are besides healthier, more vigorous,
and more floriferous.

While the seedlings of this Lily seem to be tremendously ac-
celerated by an initial greenhouse push from January to March,

the gardener who does not possess a greenhouse can almost
equally well grow his own bulbs. Seed can be had by cross
pollinating two plants purchased at Easter. Sow in frames in
autumn. Germination will take place in the spring and the
plants may be spaced in early summer or left to grow as they
will, in place until fall. Then they should either be well mulched,
or better dug and the leaves removed. Immediately re-set the
young bulbs 4 inches deep (about November 1st in the climate
of Washington, D. C.). Handled in this way no flowers will
appear until the second year, but after this the vegetative
reproduction will be ample for any increase of stock desired.
1 he seed has germinated with us very nicely in the open field
with no protection when drilled in with a garden seeder in
the fall. We have also grown nice seedlings in pots in the living
room window.

Elcme Production for the Hardy Garden

WHEN home production obtains generally, it will in all
probability give great impetus to the more extended use
of this beautiful Lily, which is at present regarded chiefly as
a hothouse plant and handled in such a way that the bulbs are
not readily available for general purposes; indeed, up to this
time it has been but little used except by the florist, on account
of its supposed tender nature. No Lily is better adapted for
beds and borders or for mass planting in front of low shrubs, or in
clumps among broad-leaved evergreens in which it may be made
either a permanent planting or can, if desired, be shifted an-
nually.

EASTER LILIES GROWN AS HARDY PLANTS IN A GARDEN BORDER

Growing at Takoma Park, D. C. in early June where the photograph was made by Mr. | E. Bishop.
The stock was vegetative multiplication from some earlier strains of the Department of Agriculture
seedlings and has been grown outdoors continuously. The bulbs were planted November, 1919.

Striking Diversity of Leaf Form Seen in One Delphinium Planting (Seepages iio, ill)

WHY I GROW DELPHINIUMS

JOHN L. REA

Satisfaction and Fascination of Growing Up a Personal Strain of the Very Variable Popular
Larkspur and Artistic Pleasure of Growing Diverse Forms for Effective Garden Compositions

[Editor’s Note: In Mr. Rea, whose last article, “Statuary In the Garden,’’ appeared in our December issue, we find a sculptor

whose creative impulse seeks expression in diverse ways. Loving color, and being more than a bit of a gardener besides, he takes
pleasure in growing the living material out of which his “ beautiful garden pictures” are built; and though a less enduring medium
than stone, the Delphinium, or Larkspur of old-fashioned parlance — while it lasts — is perhaps a more completely satisfying one.]

HE Delphinium has of late years come to be one of the
most popular of all Perennials for the hardy garden. The
reasons for this well deserved favor are not far to
seek. Indeed, a chronicle of the qualities that endear
it to so many garden lovers reads much as if one had undertaken
to describe an imaginary model of perfection, a visionary in-
habitant of a dream garden in some fair Utopia; the truth, of
course, being that the Delphinium has nearly all the excellencies
with a minimum of the deficiencies that a thoroughly depend-
able herbaceous Perennial should possess.

In the first place, it is unusually hardy. 1 have never, I
think, during the ten years I have been growing Delphiniums lost
by winter-killing a plant that went into winter in anything like
a satisfactory condition. If it fails to survive, the failure can
usually be traced to neglect or ill-management on the gar-
dener’s part; such as very late and careless planting, improper
winter protection — too much rather than too little being more
likely to prove fatal — or planting in a low position where stand-
ing water collects during the winter thaws and spring floodings.

The habit and general character of growth leave little to be
desired. The abundant foliage is fresh and clean in texture and
beautiful in form and color. When in early summer, just as the
tall flower stalks are about to shoot upward and each plant is a
beautiful rounded mass of green, three or four feet high and
nearly as broad, it is easy to appreciate the fancied resemblance
to the Acanthus, which has often caused the term “classic” to be
applied to its appearance. Very few plants are equally effective
in this pre-flowering stage.

And what a magnificent show a well-grown Delphinium pre-
sents when in full bloom, with from one to three dozen towering
flower stalks in some cases nearly nine feet tall !

Its one great lack is odor; for the Delphinium, though much
sought after by bumble bees and fairly haunted by humming
birds in their searching for the smaller honey-seeking insects, is
almost odorless. This lack, if one remembers the less glorified
form of the flower of not so long ago, possibly explains why it
was less often found in many an old time garden. Indeed, we
are likely to look upon the Delphinium as quite a new comer
amongst us, and, in a sense, this is so. Although Parkinson in
his “ Paradisus Terrestris” of 1629, describes and pictures two
or three sorts of Delphinium, seeds of which had been brought
him from other lands, where, as he says, “they grow among the
corn in many countries beyond the sea,” yet, these primitive
forms are far removed from those shown in the catalogues of the
modern hybridizer and grower.

In fact the modern multiple types and forms are of com-
paratively recent development which has almost entirely taken
place during the last twenty-five or thirty years. This com-
paratively recent interest in producing new forms and extending
the color range by careful selecting and hybridizing was appar-
ently aroused among English floriculturists first and later spread
to other countries. Here in America, where the Delphinium
finds, on the whole, a climate well suited to it, much of the later
work is being done.

THE exact parentage of the modern hybrids is not alto-
gether certain. Forty-odd species of Delphinium, including
both annual and perennial sorts, are known to botanists. Their
lists are likely not complete. Within the last few years a sweet-
scented, white-flowered sort was announced as having been
found in the highlands of blast Africa. Siberia, also, and other
parts of Asia have contributed largely to the list of species.
Parkinson recognized the Annual or Rocket Delphinium as na-
tive to England. America has a goodly number of native spe-
cies in the perennial class. There is a government bulletin on
the “Poison Weed” of the western cattle ranges, which is the
name locally applied to several native Delphiniums. There the
early green growth of the plant often causes serious loss through
the poisonous effect on cattle eating it. However, as an animal
must consume an amount equal to three per cent, of its own
weight before being affected, this unpleasant characteristic of
the plant need cause the average gardener little concern. Any
way we would probably discover “bossy” and shoo her away
before she had depleted our borders to that extent. And, be-
sides, turned loose to pick and choose in a garden patch, it is
highly probable she would select something more to her taste
and at the same time more conducive to her general well being.

Delphinium Barbeyi, a tall species found in Colorado, has
violet-blue flowers. Delphinium cucullatum, common in Mon-
tana, is of lower growth and bears a gray-blue blossom. Del-
phinium Menziesii, found throughout many of the Rocky
Mountain states, bears a violet-blue flower, and, judged from
photographs, rather closely resembles the so-called Chinese
Delphiniums of our gardens. Delphinium bicolor, called the
most beautiful American species, is found in the states north of
Colorado. In the plains east of the Rockies grows a white-
flowered sort, Delphinium priscens. In Delphinium nudicaule
California gives us a dwarf species with a scarlet bloom. Del-
phinium tricorne, a dwarf variety with a bright blue flower,
grows wild in some of the Eastern states. In Pennsylvania and

109

110

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

the states to the west and south we find Delphinium elatum
or exaltatum, a tall species bearing flowers of a purplish-blue
color.

The beautiful hybrids of our modern gardens are probably
mainly derived from crosses between this last named sort
which may very likely be one of those referred to by Parkinson,
and Delphinium grandiflorum from Siberia. How rich the
inheritance of this modern hybrid is, may be guessed from the
remarkable variations in leaf form that will appear in a bed of
seedlings and the ever changing form and color combinations of
the flowers.

MV OWN interest in the Delphinium was first awakened by
the appearance, among my yearly collection of catalogues,
of a copy of an especially beautiful year-book issued by a great
English firm who make a specialty of the Delphinium, and who
have done much of the pioneer work in perfecting it. In the

spring of 1910 1 obtained a consignment of English grown seeds
saved from the best named varieties in the hybrid class, includ-
ing the beautiful Belladonna type, seed of which had only re-
cently been successfully obtained. Since then seeds and plants
have also been obtained from other sources.

Aside from the building of beautiful pictures in a garden by
careful groupings and arrangements, the most fascinating fea-
ture of gardening, to my mind, is the search for new and more
beautiful flower forms. It was largely this collector’s interest —
the wish to have as varied and individually beautiful a series of
Delphiniums as possible for my own garden — that led me to save
seed from the most beautiful and distinctive sorts, and by re-
peated trials at growing new batches of seedlings work toward
that goal. Many flower forms have appeared in my various
plantations differing considerably from those shown by the or-
iginal plants. New color combinations, differently formed
flowers, and in some cases much larger individual florets have

resulted.

DELPHINIUMS ALONG THE PERGOLA

This double white (D. moerheimei) is really very stunning; particularly when, as here, its brilliantly luminous
spikes are massed against a background of foliage. Its leaf (No. 3, page 109,) is intricate and especially beau-
tiful in shape. Moerheimii must be grown from cuttings or divisions, as it produces only an occasional seed

WITHIN reasonable
limits, the size of
flower, as of leaf and stalk,
and the plant as a whole,
depends somewhat upon
soil conditions, the amount
and quality of fertilizer
used, and the thoroughness
of cultivation. Ours is a
well drained, rather light
soil. The only fertilizer
used is ordinary barnyard
manure. In fact the land
given up to my latest and
largest plantation of Del-
phiniums, containing over
a thousand plants, was a
part of the vegetable gar-
den with no other prepara-
tion than that given for
the planting of vegetables.
Yet even here under iden-
tical conditions, individual
plants often show marked
differences in size and gen-
eral robustness of habit.

Thediversityinleaf form
(see illustration, page 109)
is one of the striking fea-
tures of such a planting.
With the exception of No. 1
which shows a typical
leaf of the dwarf Chinese
Delphinium, any or all of
the types shown may ap-
pear in a batch of seed-
lings. Of these, however,
Nos. 4 and 5, are likely to
predominate.

No. 2 is the sort of leaf
(in my experience) always
appearing in the so-called
Belladonna group, that
being merely the name
given by the European
grower in whose experi-
mental grounds it first
made its appearance. The
original Belladonna, as
sometimes happens among
hybrid plants, failed to pro-
duce fertile seeds, and for

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

111

THE INFINITE VARIATION OF FLOWER-SPIKE EVER FASCINATING TO THE GROWER

No i. Very dark, richly colored sort. No. 2. Tall, slender type, 7-8 ft. No. 3. Very large, full type (side buds wilted during photo-
graphic exposure). No. 4. Striking opal-colored sort with dark centre. No. 5. Large, brilliant variety; 2 in. florets, 6-7 ft. stalk

some years this beautiful variety was propagated entirely by
cuttings or divisions. Later a seed-bearing strain was produced
which has since gone by that name. These are now known to
most gardeners by their loosely arranged, single, sky blue,
white-centred flowers, and their general sprawling habit. One
of the most beautiful flowers in my latest plantirrg was a silvery
blue with a faint lavender reflex, and a large cream-white
centre, the whole flower being larger than most Belladonnas
and having a distinctly grayish effect at a distance.

No. 3 is the leaf of the new white, which closely resembles
the above except in its color, which is pure white except for yel-
low touches on the centre petals. The difference in leaf be-
tween No. 2 and 3 extends to the plant as well, the latter being
more compact and .stiffer, with less tendency to fall over. This
white, by far the best white 1 have ever seen, is usually listed
in the catalogues as Delphinium Moerheimei;and, as it produces
only an occasional seed, must be grown from cuttings or divi-
sions.

Another ivory white sort, sometimes called yellow, is that
catalogued as Delphinium sulphureum. Indeed the effect
before the flowers fully open is decidedly yellow. T his plant
grows only three or four feet tall and has a leaf quite distinctive
in that its surface is shiny as if it had been waxed or varnished.
In my latest venture a double, ivory White of similar character
appeared.

The photographs of the individual flower stalks give some idea
of the usual forms. A very tall growing plant, I have found,
almost invariably develops a long, slender flower spike like that

shown in No. 2; while that of a lower growing specimen is likely
to be plumper. No. 5 shows a loose, more open formation in
which the spiral arrangement of the florets on the main stalk is
plainly observable.

AND now a word concerning the propagation and culture of
these beautiful flowering plants. They may be started
from seed, cuttings, or divisions. The best available strain of
seed should be obtained from a specialist, if possible; and a
large number of plants carried over into blooming time, which is
the second season, that the best may be selected for permanent
planting. The Chinese Delphinium, so far as 1 know, is the only
species in the perennial class that can be grown to flower the first
season.

1 prefer spring to summer sowing of Perennials, finding the
seedlings of hot weather sowings in need of more care. Autumn
seems the most satisfactory time for making divisions.

Cuttings are readily and easily rooted. For these, the new
shoots which follow the main crop of bloom are taken. A very
simple method and one usually successful is to insert the
stump of the cutting in the soil of a moist, somewhat shaded
part of the garden and place over it an inverted glass fruit jar.
The jar is left undisturbed until the following spring. Upon
its removal one usually finds a sturdy, well rooted plant where
the cutting was inserted the previous September.

If the plants are set in good garden soil, a top dressing of
stable manure applied about them in the fall and forked in the
following spring will furnish sufficient nourishment. In some

112

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

gardens Delphiniums are always staked. With certain individ-
uals this is quite necessary.

Against the blight, which is much more likely to attack the
older plants, such preventive sprays as bordeaux should be
used.

The most common mistake in growing Delphiniums lies in
the failure to give the plants sufficient room. A full grown Del-
phinium is a large plant and can easily occupy a space three to
four feet across. Other later blooming plants, as Hardy Asters,
may be planted near enough to partly fill this space when the
Delphinium is cut back after blooming.

To the gardener interested in beautiful grouping and color

arrangement in respect to his growing plants, the Delphinium
seems absolutely indispensable. There is nothing 1 know of
that could quite fill its place. The most exquisite arrangements
yet worked out in this connection are probably those where Del-
phinium is used in conjunction with early white Phlox and
Madonna Lilies. This combination, however, is becoming so
usual that the time seems ripe for some daring spirit to try some-
thing else. Gaillardias; Peach-bells; pink, white, and yellow
Climbing Roses; and the old Tawny Lily are a few of the things
usually in bloom at the same time. These would seem to offer
unrevealed possibilities for new and different, and perhaps quite
as effective, groupings.

DELPHINIUM BELLADONNA AT EGANDALE (Page 129)

LOST GARDENS

LOUISE

1. If once you loved a garden

That’s not your garden now —

Yellow crocus in the grass
And budding lilac bough! —

April’s a remembering time,

You will always know
Green splashed gold of daffodils
Where they used to grow.

DRISCOLL

2. April’s a remembering time,
Days of garden grace.

Lift the covering of straw
And find a pansy face!

If you have loved a garden.

Its ways will call you yet,
Nothing else that life may bring
Will help you to forget.

3. If once you love a garden

That love will stay with you.
In April there’s a morning
When violets are blue.

You come upon them suddenly,
And suddenly you see
A green white mist has fallen
On the old pear tree.

4. Once I loved a garden

That’s not my garden now.
In April 1 remember
The smell of earth and how
Like folded hands in prayer
Holding a scented heart,
The hyacinth comes pushing
The loose, brown soil apart.

5. You can’t forget a garden

Where you have planted seed,

Where you have watched the weather
And known the rose’s need.

When you go away from it,

However long or far,

You’ll leave your heart behind you
Where roots and tendrils are.

WHY DON’T THE LETTUCES “HEAD”?

ADOLPH KRUHM

B||ETTUCE brings greater disappointment to a greater
uj number of gardeners every year, than any other
vegetable. Yet, literally. Lettuce grows for anybody;
is nol particular as to soil, and does well throughout the
cool seasons, which, at one time or another, prevail in every
section of the country. Still, wherever Garden Clubs meet,
wherever interested gardeners discuss problems, one question
that usually provokes discussion is “why don’t lettuces head?”
The answer is that nine times out of ten the proper type
was not chosen by the grower. To begin with, Lettuce is a cool
season crop only — even in cool regions. Since for the greater
part of three months during the summer, considerable heat
prevails in most sections of the country, it is obvious that most
of the disappointment is due to the fact that many gardeners
expect the impossible. The truth is that even with the proper
selection of types, there are but few parts of the country where
perfect Lettuces can be grown between the middle of July, and
the end of August. Our problem is to reduce that period in
each section by selecting types that are fitted to conditions.

Broadly speaking, there are four types of Lettuce, namely:
the Loose Leaf, the Butter Head, the Crisp Head, and the
Romaine or Cos type. The first and last named will not make
heads, no matter where or how you grow the plants. Yet, both
offer interesting possibilities, in that the Loose Leaf type is the
hardiest, hence the most appropriate for extra early spring
work; while Cos Lettuce is the greatest heat resisting type, en-
abling the planter to extend the salad season well into August.

Between these, we have the Butter Head Lettuces and the
Crisp Head Lettuces — the two types that hold great promise of
special delicacy, or equally great disappointment.

Within the limits of these two types, we find varieties varying
greatly in heat resistance, quickness of development, and time
of maturity. It is the correct selection of varieties that will
best meet the requirements of the season during which they
mature, that solves every problem in head Lettuce culture.

Since a well grown plant of Black Seeded Simpson (Loose
Leaf type) is almost as delicate in flavor as any head
Lettuce, it is well to begin the Lettuce season by sowing that
variety about the middle of March in the house, or under glass;
thus having plants ready for transplanting early in April.
These should be ready for cutting within three wpeks after being
set out into the garden, if the soil is at all well prepared, and lots
of humus or other quickly available plant food is present.
The setting out of these plants should be followed by the first
sowing outdoors as early in April as the ground can be prepared.
After the middle of April, the usefulness of the Loose Leaf
Simpson type becomesstrictly
secondary, since the Butter
Head Lettuces offer far
greater possibilities.

Here is aselect list of Butter
Head varieties, which sown at
dates given, will furnish a per-
fect product in perfect suc-
cession :

May King, sown April 15th, ready
June 1st.

Naumburger, or Tender Heart,
sown April 20th ready June 10th.

Allheart, sown April 20th, ready
June 1 5th.

California Cream Butter, sown
April 20th, ready June 25th.

All Season, sown April 20th, ready
July 5th.

After May 1st, a chance
may be taken by re-sowing
the last two varieties given

above, but after May 15th, put reliance on the Crisp Head and
Cos varieties, sowing as follows:

Iceberg, sown May 1st will be ready for cutting July 15th.

New York, or Wonderful, from seeds sown May 1st, will be ready between
July 25th, and August 5th.

If July brings lots of hot weather, both these varieties will be
ready sooner, and go to seed sooner as well. Among the
Cos Lettuces, Express or Eclipse Cos, Paris White Cos, and
Kingsholm Cos, furnish the same succession as All Season,
Iceberg, and New York, with the difference that they may be
sown up to the middle of June. If the season is at all favorable,

CRISP HEAD

For heat resistance
this type of Lettuce
is unsurpassed. So
strongly do the
mid- ribs close on
the centre that fre-
quently the seed
stalks burst out on
the sides. (Iceberg
is shown here)

BUTTER HEAD

The recognized
standard of quality,
this type may be
enjoyed from early
June until mid- July
if the proper sorts
are selected for
planting

they will begin to furnish
salad early in August.

While the above selection
of varieties in different types
holds the solution of the Let-
tuce problem, there are a few
cultural precautions to beem-
phasized. All Lettuce should
bethinned outor transplanted
as frequently as the growth of
the plants demands — that is
to say that at no stage of de-
velopment, should the little
plants or big heads be crowded
in the rows.

All Lettuce will stand heat
better, and remain in fit con-
dition longer, if the soil is
stirred freely and frequently.

LOOSE LEAF

Under no circumstances can this type of Lettuce be persuaded to head.
It has, nevertheless, a decided value as it leads the spring procession of
salad greens Which the first warm days make so palatable

“3

ft

THE ALL-ANNUAL BORDER

LOUISE BEEBE WILDER

A Way to Gain Quick Effects which Robs Even “Moving-Day” of Its Sting and Assures
a Gay and Continuously Blooming Crop to the Migrant Gardener Satisfying the Eye by
Harmonious Arrangement and Furnishing the Dwelling with Abundant Fragrance and Color

fN ENTIRE border is seldom given up to the display
of annual flowers, yet there is often reason and op-
portunity for thus distinguishing them. When a
, place is to be occupied for but a short time, beds and
borders of Annuals are certainly the best answer to the problem
of how to give it the appearance of settled tenancy; when the
place is new and the permanent garden still under consideration,
a generous planting of gay Annuals will relieve the rawness and
provide a wealth of flowers for cutting, while we await the
more deliberate glories of the hardy Perennials. Nor is it with-
out the bounds of fitness to plant borders of annual flowers
simply for the sake of their own beauty and usefulness.

As a rule the treatment of this class of plants is far too casual.
There seems to be a theory that because they are short-tenure
folk, rather short treatment may be meted out to them with
impunity, but the truth is quite otherwise. Short, indeed, is the
life of the true Annual, but exceedingly busy. To enable it to
grow, to bloom, and to mature seed in the short weeks of warmth
and sunshine alloted it requires great energy and vitality.
Nature will manage it in some fashion even in the face of most
untoward conditions, but if it is to be accomplished in perfection,
for our pleasure, we must lend a hand. And indeed it is aston-
ishing to what heights of beauty and dignity “everyday”
flowers like Marigolds and Cornflowers will reach when given
even a small part of the care and consideration accorded to
hardy plants and Roses as their prerogative.

In the first place good soil is a necessity and it must be well
prepared. The border should be well dug to the depth of at
least a foot and the soil broken up until it is fine and friable.
Poor, hungry soil will require a dressing of very well rotted cow
manure thoroughly dug into it and an application of soot will
also be found an advantage. When the border is raked smooth
and fine on top it should be made ready for planting by re-
peated treading until it is firm and even — to sow in loose soil
is to lose half your seeds. Upon this firm surface the seed is
sown in shallow drills in irregular spaces marked out beforehand
and labeled. Small seed like that of Poppy is merely strewn
upon the surface and pressed in; feathery seed like Cornflower
requires to be well covered as it is easily washed out of the soil.
Such large seed as Lupine may be soaked over night before
planting. For the rest, cover them to a depth of about four
times their own size and firm them in with a flat board; then
water with a very fine spray.

Thin sowing cannot be too strongly counseled. Each
seedling should stand quite free of its neighbor as it emerges
from the ground and be able to spread its first leaves freely,
otherwise it is immediately discouraged in its struggle for exis-
tence. As the plants grow repeated thinnings will be necessary
in order always to insure to each free elbow room. Finally it
should be seen that to all dwarf plants, such as California
Poppies, Nigella, and Alyssum, from six inches to one foot be
allowed, and to taller plants from one to two feet according to
their needs.

It is well in devoting an entire border to Annuals to choose
for the main body of the planting those varieties which will
bloom for a long period. Of course, such ephemeral enchant-
ments as Poppies, Love-in-a-mist, and Mignonette are not to
be foregone, so they must be disposed as artfully as possible to
catch the eye while they are in beauty, but to lapse into ob-
scurity behind some more steadfast plant when they have set
about the business of reproducing their kind. If no seed is

allowed to form, the life of an annual plant is greatly lengthened, ’
for the effort of seeding draws heavily on its vitality and hastens
the end. The small labor of going along the border and snip-
ping off the faded blooms every few days will be rewarded by
greatly increased and prolonged flowering. L

Another factor which is of immeasurable importance in main-
taining the fine effect of an annual border is staking. Annuals
are apt to be weak of stem, and once beaten to the grr
wind or rain their beauty is gone forever. The sta5-
should be strong but slight, and should never appear n
top of the plant. Such headlong, scrambling thing,
quaint Swan River Daisy are best induced to an upright re-
placing little branching twigs among the slender grow1
that they may be upheld in a natural position. These t
ing twigs of greater or lesser height will be found the best'^,.
of supporting such other slender growers as Poppies, LinA
Love-in-a-mist, Erysimum, Linum grandiflorum, and Swe*- ~
Scabious; while for the taller-growing subjects, like Nicotiana
and Cosmos, pea-brush will serve the same end. All plants
with a strong central stalk like Marigolds, Balsams, Lupines,
and Sunflowers should be firmly tied to a light, strong stake.
Staking is best done early — before the plants have become tor
heavy and easily beaten down, even though we have to end'
the over-prominence of the stakes until the foliage has growi j
cover them. Only thus can be avoided that crushed, never
smile-again appearance that is so common to borders of An-
nuals after a storm or a prolonged spell of rainy weather. Add
to this, thorough and frequent watering after sunset in dry
weather; and, more important still, persistant stirring of the
soil about the plants so that it does not become baked or
claimed by weeds, and it is safe to say that a revelation of the
possibilities of annual flowers will result.

In the accompanying plan only such Annuals are used as may
be easily managed when sown directly in the open border. This
deprives us of such desirables as Ageratum, Verbenas, Petunias,
China Asters and others which, on account of the slowness of
their development, it is advisable to start earlier indoors or in a
frame. The Annual Wallflower is included in spite of the fact
that it will not bloom until early autumn, because it quickly
makes sturdy, dark-leaved little bushes that are ornamental '
throughout the season; and one’s waiting is well repaid by the-
bouquets of deliciously scented brown and yellow flowers that 1
may be gathered all through the fall, even after many a hard
frost.

The double border given is merely suggestive and endless
combinations may be worked out according to the taste of the
planter. Here the aim has been to secure continuous bloom
with a harmonious arrangement of color, and to provide plenty
of flowers for cutting, including as many fragrant ones as pos-
sible. Plants of Heliotrope set out at intervals along the
border near the front add much to the attraction, and its soft
hues are never at variance with even the brightest of neighbor-
ing colors. Gladiolus is also useful in such a border, as is the
Summer Hyacinth (Galtonia candicans).

Among the hardy Annuals that should be sown as soon as
the ground may be made ready for them are: Poppies, Nigella,
Alyssum, Cornflower, Calliopsis, Larkspur, California Poppies,
Linaria, Wallflowers, Sweet Sultan, Asperula, Erysimum,
Mignonette, Clarkia, Anchusa, and Swan River Daisy. For
the rest it is best to wait until the soil is warm and frosts are no
longer to be feared.

114

Jfl.JC

U • 9>i.

y pink
'• •• w nis

g*ea splendens
< arly white
.cri Primrose Stella
•i. Marigold, orange
LDolossal Rose Pink
• jr, blue

- Ifhemum Morning Star
oltan, mauve
‘-‘ra trimestris, pink
’I*1 am, scarlet
:)py, The Bride

.nnnia Colossal Golden Yellow
Arkspur, royal purple

16 Poppy Virginia

17 Scabiosa Azure Fairy

18 Anchusa, annual blue

19 Larkspur, rosy scarlet

20 Zinnia, dwarf scarlet

KEY TO DOUBLE

21 Nigella Miss Jekyll

22 Wallflower Early Parisian

23 Calendula Lemon Queen

24 Linaria, white

25 Erysimum Orange Gem

26 Lupinus Hartwegii, blue

27 Calendula Orange King

28 Swan River Daisy

29 Asperula azurea setosa

30 Zinnia, dwarf salmon

31 Poppy Shirley

32 Chrysanthemum Bridal Robe

33 Nasturtium Vesuvius

34 Convolvulus minor, blue

35 Eschscholtzia californica

36 Marigold Miniature

37 Alyssum Little Gem

38 Eschscholtzia Mandarin

39 Nasturtium King Theodore

40 Mignonette Machet

41 Eschscholtzia californica alba

BORDER OF ANNUALS

B

1 Convolvulus minor, blue

2 Eschscholtzia Mikado

3 Alyssum Little Gem

4 Eschscholtzia californica

5 Asperula azurea setosa

6 Zinnia Red Ridinghood

7 Phlox Drummondii, pink

8 Eschscholtzia californica alba

9 Wallflower, early Parisian

10 Mignonette, Machet

1 1 Godetia gloriosa

12 Nigella Miss Jekyll

13 Calendula Nankeen

14 Marigold, French

15 Borage officinalis

16 Gaillardia, The Bride

17 Calendula Orange King

18 Lupinus Hartwegii, white

19 Calliopsis Golden Wave

20 Cornflower, blue

21 Zinnia, flesh pink

22 Chrysanthemum inodorum, double

23 Helichrysum Silver Ball

24 Clarkia Salmon Queen

25 Larkspur, lavender

26 Scabiosa Azure Fairy

27 Poppy King Edward

28 Larkspur, royal purple

29 Calendula Lemon King

30 Helichrysum Golden Ball

31 Cosmos, early white

32 Zinnia Colossal Yellow

33 Nicotiana affinis

34 African Marigold, lemon

35 Lavatera splendens, white

36 Nicotiana Sanderae

37 Balsam, scarlet

38 Poppy, double lavender

39 Zinnia Colossal Rose Pink

'L

r

KEEPING THE LAWN GREEN

ROSE BAUER ANDERSON

HE secret of a good lawn is regular attention from the
beginning of the season. Rolling as soon as the grass
begins to grow, firms the roots in the soil for the year.

First, however, sift wood ashes (sparingly), fine bone
meal, or any good commercial fertilizer, over the ground and
thoroughly rake to remove all dead grass. A water weighted
oiler is ideal, as, if the ground is wet, a light weight is desirable,
whereas if the soil is somewhat dry, the heavier the roller the
better.

Cut the grass immediately it is of sufficient length, otherwise
it becomes coarse; and, as the grass grows very rapidly during
the spring months, it may even have- to be cut two or three
times a week. The clippings may be allowed to remain, as the
short, fine grass is beneficial as a mulch; but if the texture
of the grass becomes wiry and coarse, clippings should be
removed. Lawn clippings are a valuable addition to the
compost pile.

Keep all Dandelion blossoms picked before they expand.
For a few pennies daily during the blooming season, some child
will be glad to do this for you. Wherever an unusually large
Dandelion begins to overspread the glass, remove it, root and
all. Always have a little lawn seed on hand and watch for the
bare spots. Rake these lightly, if necessary add a little soil,
scatter seed generously, roll or pat down with a spade or the
foot; and water.

It is possible to entirely eliminate the Dandelion, Rib-grass,

and other coarse weeds. A strong, long blade, hand weed-dig-
ger is necessary, and the roots are more easily removed when
the ground is wet. If a root is broken off, apply kerosene oil
and later fill with soil the hole made by the removal of the root;
sow lawn seed, firm down, and water. This method persisted
in for a few seasons will rid the lawn of weeds.

Do not allow the lawn to become dry. Do not wait for
brown patches to appear, it is then too late. Don’t water by
the calendar but as needed, and do not sprinkle lightly daily.
That encourages the roots to come to the surface for moisture,
and the sun soon burns and kills them. When the lawn is
watered, it should be soaked literally. One good soaking a
week is infinitely better than daily sprinkling. The ordinary
hose nozzle is not adapted for lawn work. Any of the round
fountain sprays which cover considerable surface may be
satisfactorily used by leaving the spray for a considerable time
in one position, then moving it to another, etc. The under-
ground or concealed sprinkling systems on the market are ideal;
the pipes are placed a few inches beneath the surface (this is as
easily accomplished with the established lawn as a new one),
and the entire lawn, no matter what its size, is irrigated by one
turn of the valve.

With the coming of hot, dry weather, raise the knives of the
mower so that the grass is not cut closely. If garden soil is
available, a light mulch of it, with a little fertilizer, applied in
mid-summer just before a rain, is admirable.

AN IDEAL
CUT FLOWER
GARDEN

Home of Mr. Chas. E. Lang

Cleveland, OKio

Designed and developed by

A. D. Tayl or, Landscape ArcKitect

This new garden already has a well established air; the skilful
blending of Annuals and Perennials, which offers abundant material
for use within the house without in the least impairing the beauty
of the outdoor picture, is full of suggestion for the property owner
who desires to make the most of a limited area. The beds in the
center are filled with Annuals while Perennials play the major part
in the outer planting.

VIEW OF THE GARDEN FROM THE STEPS OF THE DWELLING

The shrubbery screen at the far boundary has been established only a year, and will, of course, eventually insure both privacy and a background. 1 he neighboring
house will in a very short time be reduced to negligibility as a landscape element, while an unbroken view of the lake (on the right) will be maintained

u 6

[LOOKING TOWARD
THE DWELLING

A nearer view of the cen-
; tral planting composed
I chiefly of Annuals, which
l! offer all sorts of choice to
the mistress of the house
| when she takes an early
morning stroll with shears
and basket

VIEW ACROSS THE GARDEN

Gaiety and color may be confidently expected as a permanent aspect
of this garden, planned as it was for a continuous succession of bloom

1 17

THE SMALL GARDEN
AND THE BIG RETURN

GRACE SAMPLE McCLURE

Really Fresh Vegetables all through the season to supply the needs of
the Housekeeper who orders her own Garden according to demands

THE GARDEN GATE

Overarching shubbery, fourteen
or more feet in height, invests
this simple entrance with a rather
unusual dignity and allurement

assurance of a supply of at least a few green vegeta-
bles for the table is a source of comfort no housekeeper
can kH t° recognize; and it is surprising what an abun-
6 bfCP dance can be grown with a little planning (and much
fertilizing and watering) on a very limited space.

The garden which has supplied us, a family of five, with
quantities of vegetables every season now for some fourteen
years was purely an afterthought. Ample space was reserved
for house, formal garden, garage, drive-way, stables, dog-
kennels, compost heap, tool house, and rabbit warren; what
remained was given over to the vegetables. Scant courtesy,
indeed; and we blush to say no part of our domain has given so
rich a return as has this little plot of ground. Truly, this
after-thought in the shape of a vegetable garden has proved
more productive of comfort, pleasure and satisfaction than
many pre-thoughts; which, incidentally, seems frequently'
the way with after-thoughts. The actual measured space of
this vegetable garden is 360 square feet; a strip 12 ft. north and
south by 30 ft. east and west.

picturesque though it be. The Shakespearean Thyme, pleasing
the olfactory as well as the ocular sense, will supplant it. People
passing through my garden gate to the little vegetable plot
almost invariably exclaim: “This is as lovely in its own way

as is the formal garden!” And I must agree with them.

Of Tomatoes and the Savory Chive

The east end of the garden is reserved always for Tomatoes,
two varieties, Ponderosa, yellow and red; for this combination
of color in a salad is pleasing.

Twenty neat Japanese bamboo poles destined to be sold
as fish-poles, now yearly have the more pleasant and cleanly
task of supporting twenty sturdy Tomato plants. In front of
these and next the drive-way, is a row of Chives; the gift, years
ago, of a friend. Whenever a salad, made more appetizing by
the addition of this dainty onionette, is served, 1 always recall
her words as she dug the original clump of Chives for me out
of her own garden: “ Chives give a tang to a soup, a salad, and a
sandwich, which nothing else can give.” How true we have
found this to be! Though it was first necessary to restrain our
tastes until the little plants grew strong enough to stand fre-
quent clippings for the table. In other respects the Chive
border has required no discipline or reserve on our part.

Next the Chives and the Tomatoes are rows of Lettuce,
Parsley, Swiss Chard, Beans, Peppers, Radishes, a tiny bed of
Mint, and Cucumbers running up the trellised fence.

Help from the Hotbeds

Approach to the Garden

A brick walk and stepping stones beneath an arch of thick
shrubbery lead from the formal garden to the vegetable garden
through a simple white gate. This little gate was placed in the
fourteen foot wall enclosing the formal garden, years after the
shrubbery was established, through which an arch and passage
way was made by removing some of the shrubs and trimming
others. This approach to the vegetable garden is satisfying and
complete to me except in one charming detail, which 1 mean to
carry out shortly. It is
the suggestion of an Eng-
lish guest, who tells me
that frequently the brick
walks in English gardens
are made beautiful to the
eye by sowing Thyme in
the crevices, and that in
treading these walks the
Thyme is crushed enough
to bring out its delightful
fragrance, but not enough
to harm it. Hence 1 have
decided that the Moss,
which grows naturally in
these brick crevices — and
which, after many strug-
gles, I have at last induced
the gardener to leave and
not dig out to make the
walks “neat” — must go,

EARLY in March the hotbeds are started, and in them are
planted the Tomatoes, also Radishes, Lettuce and Peppers.
By the middle of April in our climate (central Michigan), the
Radishes are ready for the table, the Tomato seedlings old
enough to be transplanted into boxes or pots, and the Lettuce
and Peppers in condition to be set into their places out of doors.
Later when the little Tomato plants have developed enough
to be removed from the boxes and pots to the open ground,
they are set two feet apart each way in the 8 x 1 1 ft. space
reserved for them. The one foot just in front of this space and

along the drive has for
years been the home of the
Chives. Thus a space of
12 x 8 sq. ft. is given to
the Tomatoes and Chives,
leaving a space of 12 x 22
sq. ft. for the rest of the
vegetables.

Six of the sturdiest yel-
low Tomato plants are
used and fourteen of the
red. Two packets of this
seed furnish many more
plants than we can pos-
sibly use, but for several
years now a garden neigh-
bor and I have exchanged
hotbed plants, so that
there is little wasted effort
and considerable mutual
benefit. This planting of

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COMPLETE PLAN OF THE GARDEN

Here we have an easily followed planting arrangement which
combines economy of space with prolific, practically continuous
yield. This 12 x 30 ft. plot amply supplies a family of five

- 18

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

119

Tomatoes not only furnishes us plentifully with ripe fruits
throughout the summer, but from time to time we are able
to can excess fruit; and just before frost we cut down several of
the best plants and hang them root side up in the warm base-
ment, where the green fruit gradually ripens, supplying our
table with tomatoes long after they have disappeared from
gardens and markets.

When to Use the Fish-poles

When the Tomato plants are tall enough to be tied the five foot
bamboo poles are set up to support them. These poles are
strong and attractive in appearance, and have the added ad-
vantage over wooden ones of being lighter, and cleaner, and
therefore more easily kept in good condition during the time
when not in use. They are very durable and the same ones
have served me now for five seasons. 1 believe the suggestion
for their use came from The Garden Magazine.

Planting for Continuous Crops

NEXT to the Tomatoes and Chives are planted rows of Let-
tuce, the variety of Mignonette being used, as 1 have found
this to be the tenderest as well as the sweetest throughout-the-
season Lettuce. A space of 2 x 12 sq. ft. is given to this; it is
planted in two double rows, 6 inches apart, with 12 inches between
the double rows for cultivating. Later it is thinned out, and is
ready to use in about six weeks. As soon as past its prime, it is
at once removed, the ground fertilized, cultivated and planted
immediately with more Lettuce, Beans or Radishes — which-
ever is needed most.

In the next 18 inches comes the Parsley, which has been
wintered over by a careful covering of straw and boards. This
old Parsley (variety Emerald), is used until the new plants are
ready. Parsley seeds are difficult of germination and 1 have
had best and quickest results by soaking them over night in
water before planting. When the new Parsley is ready the old
row is removed and the space made ready at once for second
plantings of seeds.

The Swiss Chard (Lucullus) is given the next plot, 1^ x 12 ft.

I cannot say enough in praise of Swiss Chard for the “post-
age stamp” type of garden such as this one is, where space is
at a premium. It is sturdy in growth, fine in appearance, and
delicious to serve both as a cooked vegetable for greens and
raw for a salad, the stalks being used for the latter, the tops
for the former. The stalks may also be cooked as asparagus
is and served on toast. It is necessary to remember to use
the outside stalks in cutting, leaving the crown to grow.
As only one sowing of this is necessary, it is a great economizer
of space.

Next the Chard are four rows of a Bush Bean well named
“ Bountiful” for the number of pods one plant produces is un-
believable. It is of excellent flavor, green in color, stringless,
and tender; and we make successive plantings every two weeks
whenever we can crowd in a row, first fertilizing the ground cop-
iously and working it thoroughly. These four rows must be i§

ft. apart to allow of thorough cultivation; so the first planting
requires 6 ft. x 12 ft.

The Peppers come next, one row of them, planted 2 ft. apart;
and this takes two more feet from the length of the garden east
and west. These we use for salads and flavoring so only six
plants of the Bell or Bull Nose Sweet Pepper are required. These
plants are most decorative, bearing throughout the season little
green bells, which in the fall turn to a dark red.

For the Radishes we reserve 3 ft., planting one twelve foot row
every two weeks leaving 8 inches between the rows. Radishes
mature in about six weeks after planting; the first row is ready
around the time the fourth row is sown. With careful tending of
the soil the radish patch will produce continuously except in the
driest, hottest part of summer, when we skip two plantings as at
that time radishes mature too rapidly and are consequently so
hot and coarse that they are not enjoyable. This is likewise
true of the plantings of Lettuce, which goes to seed too quickly
in mid-summer. Beans, however, can be planted regularly
every two or three weeks throughout the season. Next the
Radish section the new Parsley is planted, requiring 18 inches.
This arrangement leaves about 4 x 12 ft. for emergency plant-
ings of Beans, Radishes, or Lettuce.

Training the Cucumber to Climb

A thirty foot trellis fence runs along the north boundary of
the garden. On this fence for about ten feet, at the far ends of
the rows of Parsley, Radishes and Peppers, some Cucumber
plants are trained. The Peppers and Radishes do not grow
sufficiently high to interfere with the growth of the vines. For
a few seasons a climbing Japanese Cucumber was used for this
purpose, but later we found that any of the ordinary varieties
could be trained as successfully and that the results were equally
good with the obvious space-saving advantage. In this way
the cucumbers are free from dirt and are without the yellow,
undeveloped undersides all too frequently found when they have
been allowed to lie on muddy soil during a rain)- period.

Mint for Many Purposes

THE Mint bed is at present poorly placed, at the south-west
end of the garden farthest from the house. A much better
location, which I mean to try, is as near as possible to the
kitchen door so that it may be conveniently at hand when
needed. It requires a very small place; our present bed is only
18 x 18 inches and it supplies all the Mint needed for an oc-
casional roast of lamb as well as for the many pitchers of orange-
mint and lemon-mint iced-tea, enjoyed on hot summer after-
noons.

The important factors in intensive planting for the small
vegetable garden are the copious, if not lavish use of fertilizer,
water, and the garden hoe; and perhaps more than all, prompt-
ness in removing old crops and in replacing them at once with
new seedings. The accompanying diagram shows the space
allotted each vegetable and the arrangement of the plantings as
actually — and successfully — done in our garden.

THE OLD GARDENS OF PENNSYLVANIA

VI.— THE WOODLANDS.
FORMERCOUNTRYSEAT
OF WILLIAM HAMILTON
JOHN W. HARSHBERGER

Professor of Botany, University of Pennsylvania

jT IS regrettable that in the growth of our large American
• cities so little attention has been given to the pre-
servation of places of horticultural and botanical
interest. With the death of the persons interested in
their preservation and the associations connected with them,
such places have been allowed at first to suffer from neglect
and later to be absolutely destroyed by the growth of the city
countryward. Of such regrettable change The Woodlands
is a conspicuous example and the history of this American seat
of the Hamiltons has a rather tragic interest for both the anti-
quarian and the horticulturist.

Andrew Hamilton, the first, purchased from Stephen Jackson
a considerable piece of land in Blockley township along the
Schuylkill River extending west to Nanganesy (or Mill) Creek.
On his death, the property passed to Andrew Hamilton second,
who died six years afterward, devising The Woodlands to
William Hamilton.

This William tore down the comfortable house which stood
on the land and (some time before the American Revolution)
built an impressive mansion which skilfully blended three
different orders of architecture; viz: the Doric, the Ionic, and
the Tuscan. The south portico, supported by six stately
columns, commands a fine view of the lower reaches of the
Schuylkill River, and in the early days before the building of the
numerous factories which now disfigure the river front, the
outlook must have been particularly pleasing. The grounds
in 1830 had been reduced to about ten acres, and at that date
were noted for a great variety of indigenous and exotic trees
and plants. A winding walk leads through the shrubberies and
copses. Nanganesy (or Mill) Creek was then shaded by fine
forest trees and its banks were relieved by out-cropping masses
of picturesque rock. Above the stream, near the old stable
still remaining, stood the greenhouses, which measured one
hundred and forty feet and contained about ten thousand plants.

Griswold speaks of The Woodlands as “a very charming
spot,” and says: “Mr. William Hamilton, who built the house
and decorated the grounds, was a man of great taste in such
matters, and embellished his beautiful mansion with such
paintings and works of art as were obtainable in those days.
His table was the frequent resort of artists and bon vivants.
On graduating in 1762 at the Academy of Philadelphia (now
the University of Pennsylvania) he gave a fete to his college
friends, among whom were young men afterward celebrated, as
Judge Yeates, Judge Peters, Mr. Dickinson Sergeant, the
Reverend Doctor Andrews, Bishop White and others. The
present mansion was not erected, so for their entertainment, he
built a temporary building decorated with elegance and artistic
effect, so that it claimed the admiration of all the invited guests.”
His taste in matters pertaining to gardening and horticulture
were well known through the colonies and, later, the United
States. His interest in such matters is revealed in letters
written to his private secretary.* To quote in part from a
letter dated St. James Street, London, Sept., 30th, 1785:

“ Having observed with attention the nature, variety

‘Benjamin Hayes Smith, 1785-1806, grandfather of Benj. H. Smith, the
author of a brochure, "Some Letters from William Hamilton of The Woodlands
to his Private Secretary.’’ Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,
Jan., Apr., and July, 1905.

The figures in the
map indicate the
locations of the
gardens and their
sequence in the
series

and extent of the plantations of shrubs, trees, & fruits and con-
sequently admired them, 1 shall (if God grants me a safe
return to my own country), endeavour to make it smile in the
same useful & beautiful manner. To take time by the fore-
lock, every preparation should immediately be made by Mr.
Thomson who is on the spot, and I have no doubt you will assist
him to the utmost of your power. The first thing to be
set about is a good nursery for trees, shrubs, flowers, fruits, &c.
of every kind. I do desire therefore that seeds in large quanti-
ties may be directly sown of the white flowering Locust, the
sweet or aromatic Birch, the Chestnut Oak, Horsechestnuts,
Chincapins, Judas trees, Dogwoods, Hallesia, Kalmias,
Rhododendron, Magnolias, winterberries, arrow wood, Broom,
annonas, shrub St. Johnswort &c. ; of crabs, quinces, plums &
a quantity thin shell’d almonds, & such others as may occur to
you for Beauty or use. I desire also that a large quantity may
be collected & put into a nursery of handsome small plants
of Elm, Lime, Locust, sweet Birch, white pine, ash leaved
maple, sugar maple, aspen poplar, Zantoxylon or tooth ache
tree, magnolia, arrow wood, nine Bark, cephalanthus or dwarf
Buttonwood, Azalea, Kalmia, Rhododendron, Hallesia, Judas
tree, Dogwood, Broom, winterberry, clethra, mezerion, morel-
loes, black Hearts, crabs, quinces (for stocks), raspberries,
currants white & red, & as many as possible of Jasmine &
Honeysuckles (Jasmines may be had in plenty at Mr. Ross’s
place & at Woodford & Honeysuckles may be had in great
quantities at Mrs. Lawrence’s near Frankford & of Dr. Joseph
Redman). Too many of these cannot be propagated. 1
would likewise have cuttings put into the ground of ye striped
althea, Lombardy poplar (if alive) all the kinds of Grapes that
have throve of those I sent, chickasaw plum, winter Haws,
Jasmines, Honeysuckles, of that kind of Dogwood that grows
in the Border on the south side of the kitchen garden on the
other side of the valley (which was propagated by cuttings from
the only tree which 1 ever came across & grows on the point
just within the creeks mouth at high water mark & may be
easily discovered when in Bloom by its corymbous flowers),
of paradise apples, red & white currants (particularly the latter)
the common raspberry & the twice bearing if it succeeded.
Nor should a plantation be neglected of the different hardy
perennial plants such as Yucca cornflag (Gladiolus) lilie, white
narcissus (double & single) pinks, double sweet william, Lycni-
dea [Manulea tomentosa of South Africa], french Honeysuckle,
Foxglove, Lily of the Valley (from Bush LI ill), Paeonies, Colum-
bines, Hollyhocks, polyanthos, Jonquils (from Bush Hill)
Hyacynths etc. I before expressed a desire to have the Double
oleander & double myrtle encreased as much as possible by
cuttings & I would have you in the spring when the azaleas are

120

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

121

in flower take particular pains in marking the different kinds &
the orchis roots (in the valley) in such manner as they can be
transplanted according to growth & color.” And again he
writes: “ I have great satisfaction in your information respecting
the Illinois nut plant [pecan] & winter Haw. 1 am afraid to
suppose that the Bald Cypress has stood it out, for it appear’d
a year ago at its last gasp. The Aphernously pines [Pinus
cembral should be particularly attended to. For another
plant cannot be obtained in England. Those 1 sent come from
the Alps. Altho hardy in respect to cold they may be injured
by vermin, poultry, &c, &c.”

ENOUGH has already been quoted to show why the col-
lections of plants at The Woodlands soon became
celebrated. They were in 1802 visited by the French
botanist, Franfois Andre Michaux (1770-1855), who wrote:
"the absence of Mr. W. Hamilton deprived me of the
pleasure of seeing him; notwithstanding 1 went into his mag-
nificent garden, situated upon the borders of the Schuylkill,
about four miles from Philadelphia. His collection of exotics
is immense, and remarkable, for plants from New Holland,
all the trees and shrubs of the United States, at least those that
would stand the winter at Philadelphia; in short, it would be
impossible to find a more agreeable situation than the residence
of Mr. W. Hamilton.”

Frederick Pursh, author (1814) of “Flora Americae Septen-
trionalis, or, a Systematic Arrangement and Description of the
Plants of North America,” lived at The Woodlands from
1802 to 1805. He writes: “Not far from the latter place
(the botanic garden of Messrs. John and William Bartram)
are also the extensive gardens of William Hamilton, Esq.,

called The Woodlands, which I found not only rich in plants
from all parts of the world, but particularly so in rare and new
American species. Philadelphia being a central situation, and
extremely well calculated for the cultivation of plants from all
the other parts of North America, 1 found this collection
particularly valuable for furnishing me with a general knowledge
of the plants of that country, preparatory to more extensive
travels into the interiors for the discovery of new and unknown
subjects. Mr. John Fyon (of whom 1 shall have an opportunity
to speak hereafter), who had the management of these gardens,
was then about to give them up: having the offer of being ap-
pointed his successor, 1 embraced it, and accordingly in 1802
I entered upon the situation. During my stay in this place,
which was until 1805, 1 received and collected plants from all
parts of North America; and when Michaux’s ‘Flora Boreali-
Americana’ appeared, which was during that time, I was not
only in possession of most of his plants but had then a con-
siderable number not described by him.” In 1805 Pursh, under
the patronage of Dr. Benjamin S. Barton, Professor of Botany
in the University of Pennsylvania, set out on his ever memorable
explorations.

William Hamilton died at The Woodlands on June 5,
1813, aged sixty-eight years, and was interred in the family
burying-ground at Bush Hill. His nephew, also William
Hamilton, succeeded to the estate, where he died on July 21,
1821, aged fifty-five years.

The account of the Hamilton estate by the writer of 1830,
previously mentioned, brings us down to April 13, 1840, when
the estate was sold to a number of citizens (incorporated as
“The Woodlands Cemetery Company of Philadelphia”), and
the beautiful demesne of the Hamiltons became one of the

THE WILLIAM HAMILTON HOUSE AT WOODLANDS

Antedating the Revolution, this charming old mansion, built by the hospitable Hamilton, wears its
age with a dignity which makes the visitor regret that its doors no longer stand invitingly open

122

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

ENGLISH ELM

An old tree which has survived the transformation of The
Woodlands from an ancient country seat to its present sad uses

principal cemeteries of Philadelphia. The use of
the land for burial purposes has resulted in the de-
struction of most of the trees, shrubs and herba-
ceous plants grown by the first William Hamilton.
Only a remnant remained, when the writer, as a
student of botany in the near-by University of
Pennsylvania, for the first time explored The
Woodlands in 1888. The noteworthy trees of
the old garden then standing, but which have
since disappeared were White Pines, a large spread-
ing Beech, and a fine Magnolia grandiflora. Two
large Ginkgo trees (Ginkgo biloba) planted in
1784, are still standing (1921) and still in vigorous
hsalth. The largest, about 75 ft. tall, measures
7 ft. 7 in. in circumference. The other, nearest
the house, measures 6 ft. 6 in. in circumference,
three feet from the ground. Both trees are stami-
nate and come into flower about April 28th or
May 30th, and synchronously with them a female
tree three miles away near Overbrook is ready to
receive the pollen which may be accidentally blown
from the male trees in The Woodlands. Under
date of June 10th, 1919, Prof. C. S. Sargent of the
Arnold Arboretum writes: “ It is probable that the
first Ginkgo tree in this country was one planted
at Woodlands, and we are curious to know if this
original plant which is mentioned in your Bota-

nists of Philadelphia, is still standing. If it is
living would it be possible to get the trunk cir-
cumference at three feet from the ground and its
approximate height? This tree if living is certainly
one of the most interesting of exotic trees which
have been planted in the United States.”*

Near the Ginkgo trees is a Pawpaw (Asimina
triloba) with a stem circumference of 1 ft. 5 in.
A short distance away are two large English Elms
(Ulmus campestris). One of them is 10 ft. 1 in. in
circumference, the other is iq ft. 3 in. around.
An English Maple (Acer campestre) with numerous
sprouts from its base and roots, and in vigorous
health notwithstanding the clouds of smoke from
the near-by railroads and manufacturing plants, is
6 ft. 9 in. in circumference. Here also are found
descendants of the first Ailanthus tree planted in
America by William Hamilton in 1784. There are
also several other noteworthy trees, tabulated as
follows: Buckeye (Aesculus flava) 5 ft. 3 in. in
circumference; Catalpa (Catalpa speciosa) 8 ft., 9
in.; Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) 9 ft.;
Mossy-cup Oak (Quercus macrocarpa) 10 ft. 3 in.

The cemetery still has a piece of woodland
adjoining the University Botanical Garden and a

*Compare statement as to the Ginkgo tree in Bartram Gar-
den, 9 ft. 3 in. circumference. (Garden Magazine, Oct. 1920,
page 80.)

LARGE TULIP TREE (Liriodendron tulipifera)

This venerable giant, fifteen feet in circumference, lin-
gers in the valley at The Woodlands, rather pathet-
ically reminiscent of gayer and more glorious days

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

123

HAMILTON WALK, UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA

By this walk, planted with memorial trees of many beautiful species, is
the name of William Hamilton made a living thing in the minds of suc-
ceeding generations at the university of which he, too, was once a part

HAMILTON MEMORIAL GATE

Impressiveness is lent by this formal entrance which

makes the walk a distinct feature of the campus

number of trees along the driveways near the entrance are worth
mention, such as the Princess Tree (Paulownia imperialis); Cy-
press (Taxodiumdistichum); Purple Beech (Fagus sylvatica pur-
purea); Box Elder (Negundo aceroides); Persimmon (Diospyros
virginiana); and attached to the old mansion, the yellow Jasmine
(Jasminum nudiflorum). Outside of the remarkable Ginkgos,
the rarest and largest trees of “The Woodlands,” are four re-
maining specimens of Zelkova crenata, native of the Caucasus
regions. This species was originally planted in two rows
forming an avenue of approach to the house. The single re-
maining tree of the west row near the stable was alive on June
24th, 1916, but is now dead. It measures 14 ft. 8 in. in circum-
ference. In the eastern row, all of the three trees are now
dead. These trees measure respectively 12 ft. 6 in.; 12 ft.; and

1 1 ft. in circumference. They are about 50 ft. tall. Two
young sprout trees have appeared between the second and
third, which are already 10 ft. tall and promise to become lusty
specimens.

When Pine Street from 39th Street to 34th Street, West
Philadelphia, was taken from the city plan, it was converted into
a beautiful, tree-lined walk-on the campus of the University of
Pennsylvania, and named Hamilton Walk in memory of William
Hamilton, the entrance to whose estate, The Woodlands, is
at 39th Street. The borders are planted with Blue Flags;
Rhododendrons; Lombardy Poplar; Cercidiphyllum japonicum;
a specimen of the rare Franklinia (Gordonia pubescens); and
some twenty-eight memorial trees, named for past and present
trustees, provosts, and distinguished alumni of the University.
The trees, thus dedicated to the memory of university men,
include Black Oaks, White Oaks, Red Oaks, Tulip Trees, Sugar
Maples, American Elms, Catalpas, and Weeping Willows.*

In Hamilton Walk, is found a fitting memorial to William
Hamilton, for it commemorates in the green, growing things he
loved his great service to early American botany and horticul-
ture. The memorial gate of the “Class of ’73” at the head of
Hamilton Walk is a suitable companion to the dignified granite
arch which spans the entrance to The Woodlands Cemetery,
only a few paces to the westward of the entrance to the campus
of the University of Pennsylvania, the alma mater of W'illiam
Hamilton, Class of 1762.

*ConsuIt Nitzsche, George E.: "University of Pennsylvania, its History,
Traditions, Buildings and Memorials;” 7th edition, 1918, 105-107

Mattie E. Hewitt, Photo

Pictorial and utility values of Evergreens are unusually well combined in this vista where the Arborvitae hedge,
serving as a screen to the cultivated spaces beyond, also leads the eye invitingly to the naturalistic grouping
of Cedars, etc. with deciduous trees in the background. Gardens of Mrs. John Magee, Mt. Kisco, N. Y.

EVERGREENS FOR HEDGES AND SCREENS

HENRY WILD

Landscape Gardener and Planter

Great diversity of plant materials that adds color, tone, and texture value
to the garden frame while also serving the practical purpose of winter shelter

T IS all very well to determine to plant Evergreens
ah°ut the home; but the making of that decision opens
uP an°ther lot of questions, such as: which? and what
for? Nor is it a complete answer to say that they are
wanted because they are evergreen. Like everything else used
in constructing the garden, these trees, tall or dwarf, must be
used for a proper purpose — to enliven the general scenes by inter-
mixing with deciduous shrubbery, thus giving color in the bare
periods; to serve as screens to unsightly objects; or as accent
places in the landscape. Another adaptation is their use as hedge
material. Here, indeed, the Evergreen is of unmeasured value.
A hedge does much more than mark a boundary — it gives a
background to nearer objects and serves as a transition medium
blending the foreground with the distance, and by softening the
barrier lines gives a feeling of greater area to the piece that it
encloses. This is especially true of the suburban plot which

may be made to look actually bigger by the proper use of Ever-
greens for the boundary.

There is such a wide and varied assortment offered to the
prospective planter that the important question of where to
plant the various types looms up quite large.

There are Evergreens (be it understood, of course, that
here we mean coniferous Evergreens — not the “broad-leaved”)
for every place and purpose; some grow rapidly and soon form a
natural screen having practically the same appearance the year
round, while others are more suitable as individual specimens
for the lawn or garden.

Strange as it may appear, some of the stronger growing forms
are best suited for hedges. The Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis),
the White Pine (Pinus strobus), the Norway Spruce (Picea
excelsa), and the White Spruce (Picea alba) are all excellent
for hedges; yet they all form magnificent specimen trees when

124

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

125

given room to develop, and they can equally well be used as a
combination screen and wind-break.

The native Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) is one of the
best utility Evergreen trees; which will perhaps be realized
in the future, owing to the exclusion of many inferior, soft-grown
trees that formerly were imported from Europe. As a hedge
it is hard to equal, while as a screen it is a close rival to the
Cypress of Italy. To make an effective hedge, plant about three
feet apart, which allows the trees room to develop their lower
branches and to assume the outline that is characteristic of the
tree when grown singly. A hedge of Cedars requires very little
pruning; the tops may be cut back when well
established to form a more compact growth, or
when the trees have reached the height desired.

Any growths that may push out from the front may
be cut back during J uly or August ; but do not trim it
as you would a Privet hedge.

The Japanese Cypress (Retinispora) offers a choice
of several excellent types suitable for hedges.

Retinispora plumosa has green feathery foliage,
while its companion variety, plumosa aurea, has
foliage of a rich golden tint that fits it well for use
near the house in certain semi-formal plantings. For
the top of a terrace where a hedge is required, the
Retinisporas named are particularly satisfactory.

They may be kept sheared into shape with very
little trouble.

The common Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) forms
a hedge that can be used under more varied condi-
tions perhaps than any other Evergreen. As a
setting for either the formal or old-fashioned gar-
den it is unequalled. It will grow in partial shade
or full sun-light; and forms an ideal background
for the old-fashioned flowers. Also it serves to
break the force of the strong winds that generally
precede thunder storms, and lends a cheerful ap-
pearance to the garden after the flowers are gone;
when covered with snow it is startlingly effective.

The Hemlock may be pruned severely in spring

before the new growth starts, if a close effect is desired; but if
the full beauty of out-line is to be retained, then it is advisable
to cut back only the longest sprays, leaving enough of the
previous season's growth to give a graceful appearance.

For a hedge of bold outline and sturdy habit, such as required
for boundary and similar planting, where there is not sufficient
space for groups of trees, the White Pine is well adapted. Trees
from five to six feet in height will suffer very little check when
transplanted, and after the first year grow rapidly. If a quick
screen is called for, they must be planted fairly close; but if one
can wait for them to develop, the trees may be planted eight

IS THIS THE IDEAL HEDGE PLANT?

Hemlock has a combination of grace of form, lightness of texture, and freshness of color coupled with an adaptability
to most situations that makes it unique. It stands severe clipping, but its feathery natural growth is charming

WHITE SPRUCE HEDGE

If not over-frequently clipped this
acquires the pleasing texture here
shown and has a soft color tone. It
is not recommended for use in very
dry places. Hedge at Glen Cove,
N. Y. about 8 ft. high

to ten feet apart and the
space between used for
planting Dahlias, Cosmos,
etc., until the spread of the
trees prevents.

The White Pine is liable
to have its leaders attacked
by the pine beetle and, so
far as 1 know, there is no
method of preventing this;
but permanent, serious
damage may be guarded
against by removing any
growth affected as soon as
it begins to wilt. This will
occur before it turns brown,
and if it is removed by
cutting back to the branches
immediately below, and the
prunings burned, the beetle
is kept in check. Rarely is
the same tree attacked a
second time. The growth,

126

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

IT’S WHITE PINE!

If kept dipped down this forest
tree makes an impenetrable hedge
as is seen in this demonstration
block on the Government Experi-
ment Farms, Ottawa, Canada

when split with a knife, will reveal several maggots in the
stem, which later develop; so the reason for early removal is
obvious.

The leader on Pines and Spruce is often removed to induce a
greater compactness. This method is the one to adopt when the
White Pine is used to form a hedge. By removing the strong-
est growths each spring and cutting back each year the longest
shoots to just above the preceding joint, the tree will grow so
dense it will be impossible to see through it. The Spruces may
be similarly handled. When planted on dry soil the Norway
Spruce will at times be attacked by the red spider, its presence
being betrayed by the underside of the foliage showing brown
streaks. The simple treatment of spraying the trees (particu-
larly the underside of the branches) with an insecticide soap,
two sprayings, two weeks apart, will rid the trees entirely of
spider. This soap is clean to handle and effective, diluted
with tepid water according to directions on the container.
This will also clean the lace fly from Rhododendrons.

The American Arborvitae (Thuya occidentalis) will form a
splendid hedge in a few years, and requires very little trimming,
if any. This Arborvitae makes a clean, compact hedge, on a soil
that is not overdry; all that is necessary being to cut back the

— the Globe Arborvitae (Thuya globosa) is useful, being of fairly
dwarf habit, slow growing, and not likely to become too high.
The variety Wareana sibirica is much bushier than the Ameri-
can Arborvitae and would be my choice where a low hedge is
called for, as it is very hardy and retains its soft green color
the year through. For a place not too exposed where something
really unique is desired, 1 would advise trying the Japan Holly
(Ilex crenata). 1 have planted this as a hedge in Connecticut
with splendid results. The plant is irregular in growth and
requires pruning rather than shearing— i. e. simply cutting back
the stray shoots in spring.

One of the most highly esteemed hedge plants, where it is
desired to keep growth well in control, is the Yew. Of course,
the Common, or English, Yew is not hardy with us but its
Chinese or Japanese counterpart (Taxus cuspidata) seems to
stand any test of climate. The slow, growing form, brevifolia,
is espcially recommended. The spreading form of the
European Yew (T. baccata repandens) is hardier than the type
and has been successfully used for hedges in some places.

Evonymus radicans vegeta, the broad-leaved Evonymus, or
Evergreen Spindlebush, as it is sometimes called, is an
ideal plant to use where a hedge is required to overhang a

retaining wall. Itisbeauti-
ful the year round, produc-
ing in the late fall a profus-
ion of orange-colored berries
which last through the
winter.

Planting of Hedges

A LITTLE extra time
given to the proper
preparation of the soil be-
fore planting a hedge, will
make up in results for any
extra expenditure in labor
at the start. One point to
remember is that though
you can always feed the

A HARDY YEW HEDGE IN AMERICA

Evidence enough of the sturdiness of Taxus cuspidata brevifolia. These
plants are some of the seedlings discussed in Mr. Hatfield’s article last month

tops if tney show a tendency to grow thin. ! do not advise the
use of the golden colored Arborvitae for a hedge.

Where a low evergreen hedge is called for — along the top of a
terrace, in the planting of a circle, on a drive or round a fountain

top of the soil, the only time to feed the bottom is before
planting.

For planting small trees the trench method is the best way.
Dig out the soil to a depth of at least 18 in. and a width of 2 ft.

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

127

EVERGREENS USED FOR PICTORIAL VALUE

Mattie E. Hewitt, Photo

Quite apart from the grandeur of the aged White Pines that stand as guardian outposts to the residence, the base screen planting of various or-
namental Evergreens does much to give a sense of warmth and stability to this house at Manchester, Mass. Retinisporas in variety dominate

If there be turf on the surface, and it is not required elsewhere,
lay this on one side of the trench with the first nine inches of
soil which is generally the best. Place the lower soil on the
opposite side of the trench. Stir the soil in the bottom, mixing
some bone meal with it; break up the turf, and throw the
rough parts into the bottom, where it will do the most good.
This will leave the finer soil ready for covering the roots. If
the soil is very poor, well rotted stable manure or prepared
humus may be used, or leaf mold. I prefer the bone meal,
however. Coal ashes that have been screened, make an
excellent medium for mixing with heavy soils, using, of course,
the ashes that pass through the screen.

Where larger sizes in White Pine or Spruce are used,
these naturally have a wider spread of branches and should
be planted farther apart. In this case the digging of in-
dividual holes rather larger than the spread of the roots would
answer.

Lay the lower roots flat on the bottom of the trench
or hole, and place layers of soil between them and the upper
roots. The tree roots will then be in about the same position as
before lifting. Be sure to have the roots spread out; they will
have a much better chance to take hold of the soil and form
new growth more readily. When two thirds of the soil is filled
in, give a good watering, which will settle the soil between the
roots, then tamp the soil firmly. When the water has drained
away fill in the balance of soil. Should the weather be warm

and dry, spray the trees overhead for a few days — during the
afternoon is best.

There are many points in favor of planting Evergreens as
screens. Primarily, of course, because they are in fact a screen
the year through; besides which they form a splendid wind-
break, and add materially to the value of a place, while lending
a touch of cheerfulness to the grounds during the winter. The
color of Pines and Spruces blends beautifully with that of
Hemlock. The Scotch Pines and Austrian Pines are both strong
and rapid growers. In the White Pine and White Spruce we
have trees that will form a natural screen and wind-break for
the most exposed positions; and where a variation in color and
form is desired, combine a few Pinus densiflora with the above.
This has long foliage, of a light shade of green quite distinct
from the others.

The Hemlock has a soft and pleasing outline and is most
effective when grouped. This method of planting requires
more room and more trees. One plan is to plant groups
leaving spaces between, which later on may be filled with the
transplanted material as the original groups need thinning out.
For suburban grounds and where space is limited, planting in a
row is the best method. Hemlock or Arborvitae will soon
make a dense, all-season screen and will not spoil the turf with
roots and shade. As to time of planting, April and May for the
spring season; August and September for fall. If the situation
is exposed put your reliance on May planting.

128

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

Mattie E. Hewitt, Photo

PICTURESQUE YET CLASSIC

Individual Evergreens appropriately placed about the fringe of the lawn and grown as specimens may be used singly, or in groups for their own merits
and incidentally to act as screens in which respect they serve all the year round. (Abies concolor in the gardens of Mr. G. F. Baker, Tuxedo, N. Y.)

fcOSSIBLY no name claims a more honored place on the
roll of those who have been influential in making Ameri-
can gardening what it is to-day than does that of W. C.
Egan, of Illinois. Born in New York City eighty years
ago, he has been identified with gardening matters in and around
Chicago for more than a generation, and has been largely in-
strumental in developing the wide-spread appreciation of the
hardy herbaceous border that characterizes the gardening of
the present day.

Brought up in refined surroundings, William Constantine
Egan always evidenced a keen concern for matters of natural
history; and gradually his interests became so centred in the
affairs of his garden that when, in
the due course of time, he decided to
retire from active business, he turned
all his energy in that direction.

Moving from Chicago to Highland
Park, on the shores of Lake Michi-
gan, he there began the development
of a garden that has been the inspir-
ation of countless other gardens in
that region. The fame of Egandale
has spread all over the country, and
even abroad. Here Mr. Egan has
worked among his loved plants; cos-
mopolitan in taste, he has gathered
unusual collections of trees, shrubs,
and herbaceous plants. He has
pioneered in nearly every branch of
cultivation, including the working
out of his own landscape problems
by evolution, till the Egandale of to-
day has a charm of fitness that is
unusual to a degree.

Early in his gardening experiences,

Mr. Egan lamented the absence of
exact information for the studious
amateur — for there were few indeed
of his kind when he began — and so
he has been doing his best at all
times to lend a hand to the beginner,
and to make record of his observa-
tions for the benefit of others by
contributions from time to time in
the periodicals of the day. The

Garden Magazine has been favored with some of his caustic
observations on varieties, on hardiness, etc. Mr. Egan is
whole hearted in whatever he undertakes and speaks accord-
ingly. In his way he has cleared the mists on more than one
occasion.

W. C. Egan, the man, is all that that simple word implies, in
addition to being a great plantsman. It is, in fact, the hu-
manity of Mr. Egan and the humanness of his garden that

WILLIAM CONSTANTINE EGAN

Whose 8oth anniversary on April ist is the occasion of a com-
plimentary dinner by the Illinois Garden Club in recognition of
his great services in popularizing gardening as a recreation

particularly endear him to those fortunate enough to have
opportunity to visit his wondeiful home at Egandale.

Loving plants as he does, studying their likes and relationships
as he has, he makes them happy, and a very great many plants
are very happy at Egandale in consequence. It is a liberal
education in plant-placing, as well as in the riches of the Ameri-
can flora, to spend time going about with this man in his own
garden. His taste is catholic. He does not despise a humble
annual or a greenhouse perennial if he finds it to be beautiful in
the place he puts it; and he is courageous in adopting a new or
little kno\\n plant and making it serve its best. He loves Roses
and, though living in a climate not easy for Roses, he has

them in abundance.

William Constantine Egan was
born April ist, 1841, in New York
City, son of Dr. William B. Egan,
who removed to Chicago that same
year. W. C. Egan resided there
until 1898, when he disposed of his
town house (on Dearborn Ave.at the
entrance of Lincoln Park) to make
his permanent home at Highland
Park (where he had spent his sum-
mers for ten years previously),
twenty-three miles north of Chicago
on the bluffs of Lake Michigan,
naming his place after the vastly
more extensive estate his father had
started to develop on the south side
of Chicago (1858 to i860), now
Washington and Jackson Parks.

Prior to his taking up floriculture,
he devoted his leisure hours to the
study of paleontology, and collected
a large and valuable array of speci-
mens, later presented to the Acad-
emy of Science. He was active in
the old Horticultural Society of
Chicago, serving as Vice-president
and Secretary for thirteen years.

Because of Mr. W. C. Egan’s love
of flowers, he enjoys sharing his
pleasure with others — exhibiting his
own collection, and discussing the
merits and peculiarities of the var-
ious plants with those who are already connoisseurs, or who are
only beginners and coming to him with note book to record his ad-
vice and suggestions. He has served for several years as President
on the Park Board of Highland Park, to help make a “ City Beau-
tiful,” and is an honorary member of the Illinois Garden Club,
The North Shore Garden Club, the Highland Park Garden Club.

A prophet with honor in his own country, his friends and as-
sociates, members of the Illinois Garden Club, fittingly tender

129

130

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

Mr. Egan a birthday banquet in Chicago on the evening of
April the first.

Let there be no mistake about this 8oth birthday and the
tribute of The Garden Magazine to the honor of this great
gardener. Mr. Egan is still carrying on his service to horticul-
ture, and the benefits derived from his work will continue to in-
crease in the long years to come.

THE OPEJf^COLUMTJ^

Readers’ 1 nterchange of Experience and Comment

Colonel Roosevelt’s Favorite Rose

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

IT WAS with much interest that 1 read Mr. McFarland’s notice of
t Col. Roosevelt’s favorite Rose, Duchesse de Brabant. This variety
has been known in this section for nearly fifty years. In my own
garden, specimens have been grown for a number of years. It has
proved fully as hardy as any of the Hybrid Teas, and although not a
large flower, its continuous bloom, perfectly shaped buds, beautiful
clear rose color, and delightful fragrance make it a variety worthy of
far more general cultivation. It has long been one of our favorite
Roses. — Emma Cowles Veitch, New Haven, Conn.

Bittersweet Berries Improve With Age

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

QUITE bv accident we discovered that Bittersweet Berries improve
_ in beauty with age. We have a bunch of them in a brown basket
that were gathered three years ago. There is little trace of their orig-
inal color left, but the rich browns and tans are even more attractive
than the orange. The berries are shrunken and have the appearance of
having been varnished. — Mary Rutner, Traverse City, Mich.

Poor Flowering of Narcissus Odorata Alba Plena

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

ONE of the chief reasons why this variety goes blind is lack of
moisture. Being a late bloomer, the bulbs are apt to suffer just
when the buds are pushing up. Another factor is that dryness has an
injurious effect upon the bulbs when they are making their buds for the
following year. Too rapid drying off of the foliage prevents the embry-
onic buds from reaching their proper stage of development and while
the root action of the following season enables the bulbs to push up
flower stems, the buds are still-born. Fairly deep planting, no dis-
turbance, and moisture during the period the foliage is ripening will
usually result in an annual display. — T. A. Weston, New Jersey.

The Earliness of Early Malcolm Corn

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

JONG ago we adopted, as our garden motto, that common American-
ly ism, “The best is none too good for me.” So each year finds in
our gardens a considerable number of vegetables new to us that we are
trying out in our search for the best. Last year we had nine varieties
of Sweet Corn in our various gardens. Seven of these were new sorts —
that is, new to us — and six of them are early strains.

Among these is Early Malcolm, which was offered that year (1920)
to the American public for the first time. This was advertised as a
55-day Corn, and as maturing two weeks ahead of any standard variety
then on the market. The seed was planted May 10th, which is fairly
early for our latitude. It was actually 73 days before we had our first
ears, but the Early Malcolm was way ahead of any of the other varieties
that went out with it. The season, however, was just about the worst
possible that could happen for Corn. We had cold, wet weather for
weeks. All heat-loving vegetation stood still. Possibly if we had
pushed the Corn, it’might have come on faster. The ground was well
manured and frequently cultivated with a wheel cultivator. That was
the extent of our corn culture. We feel certain that in a good season,
and particularly if it were pushed, this Corn would come to maturity in
close to 55 days, certainly in 60 days. Golden Bantam is advertised
as a 60-day Corn, but very rarely can one get it through in less than
70 days. We believe that Early Malcolm is easily ten days ahead of
Golden Bantam. The quality of the Corn was excellent. Its sugar

content was high. The ears were a full six inches long and of good
girth. Many of our plants had two ears to the stalk.

Early Malcolm is a type-bred sweet Corn originating from the Early
Malakhoff, which was brought to Canada many years ago from Russia.
The stalk is slender and about three and a half feet high. The ears are
borne perhaps fifteen or eighteen inches from the ground. It is claimed
that if this Corn is planted May 10th it should be ready for us by
July 4th. Our experience leads us to think that in an ordinarily
good corn season that should be entirely possible. Early Malcolm
will become a permanent fixture in our garden. — Lewis E. Theiss,
Muncy, Pa.

Aesthetic Feeling in the Vegetable Garden

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

TN AN inconspicuous place in the January number of The Garden
* Magazine (on page 234) a hint is given for beautifying the vegetable
garden which has been so successfully worked out here that I wish it
could be emphasized. Our gardens are extensive and the paths run
north and south, east and west. The central line is a four foot path,
the space of eighteen inches on either side is for flowers. All of our
Dahlias, Gladiolus, Antirrhinums, Poppies, Marigolds, Cockscombs,
Kochias, Salvias, Scabiosa, etc., keep these gay until frost. A mob of
Cosmos banks the high west fence. The rose and hardy perennial
gardens are on a terrace, where choice collections thrive. This place
has been developed from an abandoned farm, fourteen acres in all.
Ramblers deck the fences; Rhododendrons, now fifteen feet high,
border one driveway; Hydrangeas and other blooming shrubs border
another. Wide lawns with choice plants of Conifers, Retinisporas
and many old forest trees look north and south, with Boonton back of
the Palisades a dozen miles away. Who would live in the great New
York babel when they can have a country home? — Elizabeth Stuart
Cromwell, Summit, N. J.

The Amateur Grape Grower; Help Wanted

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

A FUNNY thing happened here last autumn. I have kept bees for
fifty years, but a very short time ago I turned them over to a friend
in the country. A neighboring physician who has a few Grape vines dis-
covered the bees working among his Grapes and telephoned to inform
us that our bees were making honey out of his Grapes, and he thought
that maybe we would give him “a cake of honey.” He supposes that
bees make honey. It is strange how ignorant a learned man, such as a
physician is supposed to be, sometimes is. He does not know that
honey bees can not get the grape juice until the skin is previously
broken and that only then can they carry it home and deposit it for
their own eating.

Mr. Editor, can’t you induce some qualified vineyardist to write an
article on training the Grape vine for best results? Many people have
a few Grape vines but they have no conception as to what to do with
them. Not one in a hundred knows even that the fruit and the shoot
the fruit grows upon, develop the same season, but suppose that the
new vine which grows this year produces the fruit next year. Hence
in trimming all they do is just to shorten the last growth, with the result
that very soon there is such a jumbled mass of vines that no sunshine
ever gets to the fruit. A clearly written, illustrated article on man-
aging the vine, showing the principles of proper training and trimming,
would, it seems to me, be worth a great deal to your subscribers. A
good many people have a few vines, but as they use no rational method
in training they get a few small and inferior grapes. The whole thing
with the unskilled grape grower is a practical failure, and sooner or
later the owner says the grapes have so deteriorated that they are not
worth raising and the vines are destroyed. — A. W. Foreman, III.

— Such a note, which should help, appeared in the March Garden
Magazine. — Ed.

One Article Worth a Year’s Subscription

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

YOUR magazine rarely has anything that is an aid to gardening
in this dry place with a range of temperature from twenty to one
hundred and twenty degrees F., but the article on Pruning at Cornell
in the September number is worth the year’s subscription to me. Why?
Because it gives the weights and measures and talking points on what
I have done for years but had only individual instances to prove the
injury that defoliation causes. This is particularly marked in growing
Date Palms. — W. R. Faries, Coachella, Calif.

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

131

Shasta Daisies a Superb Border

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

1AM sending a picture of a Daisy border that flourishes in our gar-
den. The row is over a hundred feet in length and when the flowers
are in bloom it is five feet across the border. Five years ago 1 ob-
tained one clump of the Shasta Daisies, and from that modest start 1

PORTION OF THE DAISY BORDER
Over a hundred feet in length and five across, this border of
gleaming Shasta Daisies is an arresting sight in midsummer —
and a most refreshing one with its suggestion of snowy coolness.

have not only propagated all of my own plants but have given away
hundreds to other gardeners.

Of course, we have to irrigate our plants in this country, and I never
fail to water them copiously. Also we let the water flow through a
trench on each side of the plants. In the fall we mulch them lightly
with cow or sheep manure; we have found that where the mulching is
too heavy the plants are not apt to survive the winter.

In June and the early part of July our wonderful hedge repays us
for all of our labor by blooming lavishly. We cut flowers by the hun-
dreds for weddings and they are never missed. When combined with
Baby’s Breath and La France Roses they make a delightful show, but
it requires care to arrange a pretty bouquet of the long stemmed
Shasta Daisies and not have the result look stiff.

We have also discovered that Shastas make the most gorgeous dis-
play when the border runs east and west and they are viewed from the
south. This is because they turn their faces toward the south, and we
found when we planted our rows running north that we did not get a
wall of white extending from the ground to a height of more than three
feet, but instead the stalks were quite in evidence. — Fay Willis,
Boise, Idaho.

Preserves from the Vegetable Garden

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

IN TRYING new things in my vegetable garden I have found a new
fruit which meets with great approval from those who taste it when
preserved. Not even my choice red raspberry jam received more
praise last year from certain New York guests who did not guess the
plebeian origin of the fruit, and begged that 1 would put them up some
at any price I chose to ask! The plant possesses the advantage of
fruiting at once; one does not have to buy bushes or trees and wait
years for results. And it can be grown in the smallest garden. 1
refer to a new variety of the old Ground Cherry or Husk Tomato. I
had long known the small yellow fruit of the old common Ground
Cherry. It never has attained importance though the flavor is pleas-
ant, and it seems as if it really might be utilized, dried, as a substitute
for the dried currant of commerce which in pre-war days we used in
fruit cake. This newer form is in comparison of immense size, very
like a small green tomato; with the husk removed it can only be dis-
tinguished from a tomato by a tinge of purple, and many specimens
lack that color and would pass anywhere for common tomatoes unless
tasted. The plants bear prodigiously, and it is so easy to raise that it
may escape from cultivation and become a weed as its ancestor has in
some places. It certainly self-sows. Any one who cares to raise preserves

in his vegetable garden with next to no trouble or expense would find
this plant interesting. 1 found it of value in my own family, and had a
demand for my surplus from my neighbors. Name: Mammoth Purple
Fruited Ground Cherry. — A. H. Botsford, Edgemoor, Del.

Slackers in Gladiolus

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

WHAT seems to be an odd performance of some of my Gladiolus
has been noted. I noticed that some of them did not come
up with the others, but on digging down 1 found that they were mostly
sound appearing, often showing some growth, so I waited. As a rule,
though, they never appeared and then, on uncovering them, I found in
some cases that the new corm had formed as usual above the old one,
ready, maybe, to repeat the process next summer. I do not know the
variety of the slackers, but suppose that they are of more than one
variety. Is Gladiolus given to doing that sort of thing? I have al-
ways found that a few had a way of wintering in the ground — they will
mostly do that here in ordinary winters, especially if given a little
protection — and perhaps the whole species has the trick of thus
taking a year off, now and then. — John W. Chamberlin, Buffalo, N. Y.

Ash Shoots as Plant Supports

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

AFTER experimenting with various kinds of stakes for supporting
tall-growing plants in the flower border, I have at last found one
which is wholly satisfactory. It is nothing less than the new growth
from the stump of an old Ash tree. The sprouts came up this spring
almost perfectly straight, and grew six or eight feet tall. By the time
I needed them they were just the right size for stakes. The color of the
bark is such as to make them very inconspicuous, and it is almost im-
possible to break them owing to the texture of the wood. Of course
all stakes are objectionable to a certain extent, and must be used with
care to prevent producing an unnatural and ungainly effect, but these
Ash shoots are so inconspicuous that they are less undesirable than
anything else of the sort yet seen. Certainly they are far preferable
to the painted stakes so often seen. — E. I. Farrington, Mass.

Lilium Canadense in a Garden

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

I HAVE taken your magazine several years and expect to several
more. Am always re-reading old copies. Not long ago I picked
up the September number, 1918, and what attracted my attention
was a picture of a Lily on page 41. The article is entitled “A Fine
Lily.” They are fine indeed. 1 transplanted a few bulbs of this
Lilium canadense from a meadow near here. This year it attracted

HARDY PHLOX IN LATE JULY
A very effective border planting of Phlox decussata; in the foreground
Pantheon and Mrs. Jenkins, farther back are F. Von Lassberg and Aurore
Boreale. Home of Mrs. Walter King Sharpe, Chambersburg, Pa.

132

The Garden Magazine , April , 1921

a good deal of attention and people would not believe it was the wild
kind. That article says this particular Lily had sixteen blossoms and
was six feet tall. 1 can beat that record as mine had eighteen fully
developed blossoms and stood also six feet tall. It was very notice-
able indeed, and 1 suppose shows what cultivation will do. — Mrs.
John D. Abbey, Gildersleeve, Conn.

• We Hear from Mrs. Pleas

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

ON READING the nice note by my friend, L. J. Germann (Febru-
ary Garden Magazine), 1 am happily reminded of that glorious
Peony Sunday when we heartily^ enjoyed comparing notes on the beauty
of our favorites as only Peony enthusiasts can do, on all too rare oc-
casions. I certainly thank him for his kind words, and remembrance.

Since I have no Cottage Maid or Roman Candles, I fear the latter is
a misrepresentation of Altar Candles, the true aristocrat of my Peony
garden. He may have christened any one of two dozen unnamed
kinds sent him as Cottage Maid; any one of them may appropriately be
called that, since he accredits them to me. If so, I shall be expecting
him, as is usual, to forward specimens for my approval and adoption.
— S. A. Pleas, tVhittier, Calif.

A Picturesque Path

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

RECENTLY, a wise Cincinnati suburbanite reached the conclusion
that rustic flagstone — slabs of rock almost as one might take
them from the brooks beyond town— would prove admirable material
for his garden path, leading from the cement sidewalk up to the front
door of the house.

The stone was accordingly put into position; broad tables of gray-
white rock for the stair treads; each tread supported by simple ma-
sonry, rude in character to match the roughly cut treads.

The path, as it ascends the knoll of lawn, does not run straight, but
was built to turn delightfully at several points in quite a natural manner.
Rambler and Bush Roses, intermingled to provide blossoms from

WHERE ASCENT IS A PLEASURE

These low treads of rough-hewn rock make climbing
easy at any time; in rose time a particular delight

early spring until the end of fall, flank this trail, softening the mar-
gins with their out-reaching branches and bestrewing it with fallen
petals in charming fashion. Moss, too, is allowed to grow out over
the stones; ants build their hills in crannies here and there; interesting
fossils take the painstaking caller’s eye as he meanders down this
rustic flagged walk, which all in all, provides one of the most pictures-
que garden paths in the Middle West to-day — Felix J. Koch, Cin-
cinnati, Ohio.

A Word of Appreciation

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

VA/ILL you permit a subscriber from Nova Scotia to express a
’ ” hearty appreciation of your magazine? 1 am a teacher in a
rural school, and find The Garden Magazine well worthy of a place
on our library table. The children were delighted with the Midwinter
Scenes in the February number — “Just as pretty as some of our snow
scenes,” one said. They read all the flower and vegetable articles too,
and the California number was brought into a Geography class. In
short, I find it a great help in many ways, and should like to see more
teachers availing themseves of the very useful information it con-
tains.— Irma B. Campbell, Bridgetown, Nova Scotia.

After the Ungodly Slug

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

I WAS much interested in the article in The Garden Magazine
*■ several months ago about slugs. Last summer I had a most un-
fortunate time with them; only I didn’t find that slugs were doing the
mischief until 1 had lost 5 doz. Petunias, 6 doz. Foxgloves, and a large
bed of Pansies. The Iris leaves were all in ribbons and one other bed
lost all the leaves, just the stems of the Phlox were left. All happened
in two days! I found the slugs at last by going out after dark, and
they were as thick as fleas! The year before 1 had seen only a dozen
which were promptly killed. I began to count them, but when 1 got
up to 650 1 stopped counting, though I kept right after them everv day
all summer. The annoying part was that they didn’t seem to grow less
in number. I finally mowed down the Lilies-of-the-Valley and cut all
leaves near the ground; put some bricks a few feet apart with just a twig
beneath one end to let them under. Then I simply lifted the stone and
scraped them into brine. I was afraid to lime the land as it is already
too limy, and salt would perhaps kill what few plants were left.
— Mrs. Wm. B. Goodwin, Lowell, Mass.

Has Any One Got These

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

IF YOU, or the author of the article on Geraniums in The Garden
Magazine for June, 1919, could tell me where to get some desired
varieties of English Round-flowered Geraniums (of very large diameter
as to florets — in some cases exceeding three inches — and with broad
overlapping petals), it would be worth to me all I have ever paid out
for The Garden Magazine. It does not seem reasonable to conclude
that in this big country nobody has them. They are largely varieties
evolved bv Mr. Cannell of Eynsford, Kent, England; and by reason of
Quarantine No. 37 the imported plants are now denied to us. The
names are: White, Oueen, Dorothy Burroughes, Mr. J. A. Bell, Hatfield,
Nestro, Mrs. Lawson, Fiscal Reformer, Maude of Wales, Duchess of
Roxburghe, Mrs. Mayes, J. Wisby, J. M. Barrie, R. C. Pulling, Marvel,
Wordsworth, Lisbon, Royal Purple, Sirdar, Gen. Dodds, Mrs. Henry
Wood, London, Chiron, C. Svmmes, Paris, Bertram Cunningham, and
J. H. Arderne.

All these varieties I have seen mentioned in accounts of shows and in
advertisements in the Gardener’s Chronicle (London), also in foreign
catalogues, and have from time to time made notes of them in the hope
that they might eventually be secured. But to date 1 have failed!
So the thought come to me that you might be both able and willing to
help me. I have tried R. Vincent, Jr., Whitemarsh, Md., without
success.

1 am planning to utilize these for greenhouse culture only. — Edward
W. Winsor, Monmouth Farm, R. D. No. 1, Earmingdale, Monmouth Co.,
N. J.

Why Not Grow the Globe Artichoke

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

AMERICANS are learning to like the Globe Artichoke and con-
• sequently it should be more generally grown. A curious fact
about the Globe Artichoke (which is the French Artichoke of the
restaurants), is that the part eaten is the flower itself, although in still
undeveloped state. The large, globular flower head can be served
raw, as a salad, or boiled like cabbage. The only point to remember is
that the heads must be cut before the blossoms open. Usually six or
seven inches of the stem are cut with the heads.

Although commonly considered a somewhat aristocratic vegetable,
the Globe Artichoke is not at all difficult to grow and, like Asparagus,
it is a Perennial. In hard winters, though, it may be killed in the

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

133

Northern States. It needs good, rich soil, which is best prepared by
| digging the ground over with a spade, and then working into it a little
: rotted stable manure or pulverized sheep manure before setting out the
young plants. In the North it is a simple matter to start the plants
from seed sown in the spring; farther south it is best to sow the seeds in
September and transplant the young Artichokes when they have at-
tained a fair size. There will not be flower heads until the second year,

: and on that account it is often desirable to buy young plants. A few
I plants usually suffice to start with, for when once established they throw
up many suckers, each of which will make a new plant. Some gard-
i eners blanch the suckers and use them like Asparagus, or Swiss Chard.
Set the plants 2\ ft. apart in rows 3 ft. apart. Keep the soil well
cultivated, and give the plants plenty of water; but see to it that they
do not stand where water will freeze around them, for that will kill
them. In the Northern States, they need some protection during the
winter months — ashes heaped over the crowns late in the fall, and
leaves or other litter added before the snow flies. — John W. Wolfe,
N. Y.

Making the Violets Bloom

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

I HAVE in cold frames more than a thousand Violets (Princess of Wales), which
have for the last two years been giving very poor results. Do you advise
that the plants be left in the coldframes after flowering, or should they be lifted
and planted in nursery sheds until the following season for winter culture? I
have been lifting them after flowering and planting them out, but last year
lost a large number with root-rot. It is difficult for me to procure fresh soil
for the coldframes and I have had to use the same soil for six years, although
it is mixed with well rotted manure when the plants are lifted and dug over two
or three times during the summer. I usually plant about September. Would
lime be beneficial or any particular kind of fertilizer? — D. Clephane, N . J.

— In the absence of any information as to whether or not the Violets
have been attacked by any of the diseases peculiar to these plants, we
are forced to the conclusion that their non-success is due to old plants
lacking the vigor necessary for free flowering, and to being repeatedly
planted in the same soil for six successive seasons.

Young plants and fresh soil are essential. If the old plants are in
such bad condition that no runners are being put out, which can be
pegged down and rooted, in much the same way as Strawberry run-
ners are rooted, it would be well to purchase a supply of rooted plants
from some florist.

Set them out in beds in the open to make their summer growth,
cultivating them frequently, keeping all runners pinched off, so as to
throw all the energy in the single crown for winter flowering. Young
stock every season is an essential of successful Violet culture, discarding
the old plants after flowering. If the old plants are strong, two or three
runners from each may be taken off, and all others destroyed.

No doubt the absence of a supply of fresh soil is responsible in part
for the failure; perhaps also too much nitrogenous manure has been
applied to the soil, causing a luxuriant growth of foliage, but no
flowers.

If the young plants are set out in beds the size of the frames to make
their summer growth, as suggested, it will be a simple matter to place
the frames over them in the fall, and a change of soil and location may
be obtained in this way; the old bed in the meanwhile being planted
with a cover crop, and given a rest from Violets for a couple of years.
Should this not be feasible, the only alternative is to get a supply of new
soil. Rather heavy, sandy loam is best in the proportion of three
parts loam to one part of well decayed manure. Just before planting
into winter quarters apply pure bone meal at the rate of half a pound to
one square yard of surface and rake it in well. For movable frame
culture, spread the manure on the ground in the fall and turn under,
leaving the ground rough until spring, and apply the bone meal be-
fore setting out the young plants.

The care and management of Violets during the winter resolves itself
into adequate shade until the plants have become re-established in
their winter quarters; frequent stirring of the surface soil; freedom from
weeds, runners, and decaying leaves; and careful watering, when and
only when needed. The soil should be kept moist, never soggy; avoid
wetting the foliage when watering. Maintain a minimum temperature
of 40°, and a maximum of 6o°.

In frame culture it is rather difficult to control red spider and aphis,
though the former is not likely to be strongly in evidence in unheated
frames until the warm days of spring, then the sash may be removed,
and a good syringing given the plants. This should be done after the
flowers have been gathered. Aphis may be controlled by one
of the many tobacco extracts offered in the stores, but care should be
used, as it is liable to weaken the leaves and make them susceptible to
fungous diseases.

Spot, root-rot, wet rot, and leaf-fading or yellows are commonly met
diseases which are difficult to exterminate when once they have estab-
lished a foothold. They can, however, be held in check, by selecting
and propagating from strong, vigorous, disease resistant plants, and by
keeping them in the best possible growing condition. — Henry Gibson,
Pa.

Why Not a Little Poppy Field

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

EVERY traveler who revels in the red glory of a European field of
Poppies is prone to wish that there were such sights at home.
There could be, easily enough; but the farmers would rise up in wrath.
Beautiful as the red Poppies are abroad, they are a weed that often
becomes a real trial to the farmer.

If an American Poppy field is desired, the only kind that it is safe

ORIENTAL POPPIES

In Papaver orientale we have a type of flower admir-
ably adapted to field planting as it is brilliant in color
and has the added advantage of being a perennial

to imitate is one that was created as a picturesque feature of Kew
Gardens. There, a corner of a large grass plot was made to serve as the
field. The section used was perhaps one hundred feet square, but the
Poppies were planted only inside a rough circle, formed bv several good-
sized shrubs irregular distances apart. Within the circle were one or
two more shrubs. The vista was thus pleasantly broken, and what
would have otherwise been a rude glare of red was toned without in
any way reducing its color value.

The Poppy used at Kew was not the common Corn Poppy of Eng-
land (Papaver Rhoeas), but P. commutatum, a native of Armenia.
This is a slightly taller Poppy, with larger and showier bloom. The
red is quite deep in tone and there are black spots at the base of the
petals. Seed of this Poppy is probably not on sale here, but the
Caucasian Poppy (P. umbrosum) would answer the same purpose.
Nor is there any reason why one of the perennial Poppies, P. orientale
or P. bracteatum, should not be used.

Of course, such a Poppy plantation is not made by sowing the seed in
the grass. The field must be prepared, but with the edges no more
regular than the north shore of Long Island; the effect must above all be
naturalistic. Poppies prefer a sandy loam and the annual kinds do not
bear transplanting well. Sow broadcast and cover with the merest
sprinkling of soil. For a succession of bloom sow in the fall and again
at intervals in the spring. — H. S. Adams, N. Y.

134

Where to Buy Novelties

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

WE READ with pleasure and interest of novelties that your con-
tributors delight in describing for us. At once we ask ourselves
where obtainable — from what nursery men, florists, or growers. It
would be very helpful to the reader if the writer would, in describing
the novelty tell whether it is procurable, and if so, where it can be
bought. It is necessary for practical use to know where to buy, so we
can choose any desired novelties for ourselves, observe their growth,
and as a result become acquainted. — William H. Hatfield, Greens-
boro, N. C.

— But is there not some allure in the fun of the chase? The Garden
Magazine is ever ready to give credit to whom credit is due, in crediting
the actual producer or introducer of a novelty or rarity; but it is mani-
festly impracticable to make invidious distinction by referring to the
A. B. C’s nurseries as sources of supply when in fact D. E. F and per-
haps a lot more) are also able to satisfy the reader’s desires. Our ad-
vertising pages carry announcements of most of the progressive dealers
and, may we suggest that the answer to the question “where can I get
it?” may frequently be found in that way. To not a few subscribers
those pages of announcements carry messages of importance, if we
may believe the evidence of letters assuring us that “the ad. pages are
as interesting as the text.” — Ed.

An Ingenious Marker

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

LET’S be done with the unendurable wooden marker for the garden.

' The drawing below shows a long bottle (the kind the wife buys her
perfume in or an old test tube from the laboratory) stuck in the ground.
This bottle contains complete data concerning the shrub or plant
beside which it is placed. The notations on the paper inside the
bottle can be referred to at any time, and can be changed or added to as
necessity demands. The glass bottle, of course, prevents the atmo-
sphere from destroying the legibility of the writing and leaves it dis-
cernible at any time. This bottle marker can be left out during the
winter, or, if a marker for garden truck, can be put away during the
winter and utilized the following spring. — Merritt L. Allen
Schenectady, N. Y.

[But you must carefully avoid it when using hoe or cultivator. — Ed.]

The Billboard Nuisance

\

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

HAVING read of the resolution condemning billboards adopted by
the National Gardeners’ Association, at their meeting

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

the layer of leaves prevents that, and anyway the needles do not
begin to fall until nearly time for the trees to be removed.

I took the trees off the bed on the 1 6th of March; and a week later I
began gradually removing the layer of leaves, leaving the bed clear by
the end of the month. Although it was a winter during which my
gardening neighbors met with many losses I did not lose a single plant;
nor did I ever have so little dead wood to prune away; and these
were not particularly hardy Roses. Frau Karl Druschki was the only
Hybrid Perpetual in the bed; the majority were Hybrid Teas, which
are by no means indifferent to zero weather. I had also two full-
blooded Teas, Lady Hillingdon and William R. Smith; we know how
little the Teas can stand cold, but these came through as well as any.

1 could not ask to start a summer with healthier plants, and they
began blooming luxuriantly the first week in June. — Agnes Fales,
Plainfield, N. J .

Witloof Chicory in Winter

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

IN PLANNING the garden, more attention should be given to winter
*■ vegetables, both those that can be left in the ground and those that
are to be dried, canned or forced. Forced Chicory is a well known
market product in Europe. It is known to some extent in the large
American cities and is gaining in popularity, especially for salad pur-
poses. Salads are now very popular on American tables, as they have
long been in Europe. Forced Chicory roots produce an abundance of
bleached leaves which make a unique salad, that pleases at once both
eye and palate. The blanched leaves are also boiled and used as greens;
and since the forcing of Chicory is not only possible but easy and
profitable, market gardeners should give this crop a trial, especially
now when prices are high. There are several methods of forcing
Chicory. It is forced in dark houses, such as those in which Mush-
rooms, Asparagus, or Rhubarb are forced. In some instances the space
under greenhouse benches is used, provided there are not too many
heating pipes under the benches, and a curtain is dropped down to
exclude the light. I find it easy to force in an ordinary warm cellar.
The cellar should be dark or the heads will not be well bleached, but
green and bitter. Of course, such a result would defeat the purpose
of forcing the crop, yet the product could be made use of for potherb,
similar to Spinach or Dandelions, but more delicate than either, when
boiled in two waters to remove the bitter taste. The roots for forcing
are lifted just before the ground is likely to freeze, and stored in a shed
until wanted for forcing. In forcing, the roots are placed in beds
or boxes, first cutting them off at the bottom to a uniform length of
nine inches. They are peeled in the bed about three inches apart with
the top sticking above the soil, so that soil will not get into the leaves.

For holding the roots any soil or sand will do, since the
growth of the heads is from the food stored in the root
and does not depend at all on the soil fertility. The
tops are trimmed off closely and the soil is packed around
the roots carefully and then well watered. If the roots
are watered thoroughly when placed, not much water is
required later. A foot of straw, or a light covering
of straw and then eight inches of clear sand, or,
what is better, several inches of warm manure is then
placed over the forcing beds. Under this covering,
the leaves will be formed in a solid head within two
or three weeks of what is known in the market as
Witloof or French Endive. — Samuel H. Garekol,
Maryland.

Gladiolus as a Cut Flower

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

HAVE had considerable experience in growing most
of the outdoor garden flowers, but I think to-day that
the Gladiolus stands ahead cf them all as a cut
flower. I think many people make a mistake to
plant Gladiolus amongst shrubbery. The chances
are that they will be practically starved to death,
and, furthermore, it is only for a day or two that
the bloom will be anything like presentable out of
doors, so that the real field for Gladiolus growing,
as I see it, is as a cut flower, and they should
be grown in the vegetable garden where they can
have the right kind of attention and plenty of some-
thing to eat. — A. L. Stephen, Mass.

at St. Louis, 1 thought it would interest you to know
that when traveling to Salt Lake City, to attend the
sessions of the Farm Women’s National Congress, we
were so annoyed by the big sign boards that spoilt so much
of our view of the scenery, that we hurriedly drew up
a short resolution expressing our feelings. We were plain
farm women, and used no extra phrases, just short and
to the point; we did not know these sign boards had
annoyed any one else as they did us. One of our party
exclaimed, “ I never will buy a * * * car, because 1 will
always think how that big sign board up on the moun-
tain side cut off the scenery so many, many times.” —
Mrs. Theodore Saxon, Topeka, Kan.

Winter Protection for Roses

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

HEN the ground was well frozen, I spread a layer

W

After Christmas I bought a wagon load of left-over
Christmas trees for a mere song. The longest of these
I laid down the long sides of the bed and the rest right
across them; in this way, there was not so much weight
upon the Rose bushes as to harm their branches.
These trees served the purpose of protection perfectly,
being heavy enough to break the frost and keep the
sun from harming the Rose branches, and, on the other
hand, sufficiently light to admit a free circulation of
air. Of course, it would not be desirable to have their
resinous needles fall into the soil of the Rose bed, but

PLANT MARKER

The inverted, and converted
bottle, keeps the garden labels
legible in all sorts of weather

t© £Mont/vs Q eminc/er

“ Come with me, then, behind the scenes, where we are concerned only with the joys of plant increase and rejuvenation ”

The Reminder is to "suggest" what may be done during the next few weeks. Details of
bow to do each item are given in the current or the back issues of The Garden Magazine— it
is manifestly impossible to give all the details of all the work in any one issue of a magazine.
References to back numbers may be looked up in the index to each completed volume (sent
gratis on request), and the Service Department will also be glad to cite references to any special
topic if asked by mail.

When referring to the time for out-door work of any sort New York City at sea level in a nor -
mal season is taken as standard; but at best dates can only be approximate. Roughly, the season
advances northward fifteen miles a day Thus Albany, which is one hundred and fifty miles from
New York, would be about ten days later, and Philadelphia, which is ninety miles southwest,
about a week earlier Also allow four days for each degree of latitude, for each five degrees of
longitude , and for each four hundred feet of altitude.

APRIL— THE MONTH OF QUICK ACTION

Copyright 1921, Doubleday, Page <3 Co.

OO K out! With the coming of April the first fruits of the to three eyes, remove all weak wood on the Teas, and cut them

PreParat'ons °f the preceding months begin to be realized. back one third.

mfWSw The actual conditions of weather will differ greatly in different Plant all deciduous nursery stock as soon as possible. Two essentials
sections, and in some places winter may endure almost to the for success are planting as soon as received, and putting into well

end of the month, thus preventing planting outdoors. Yet prepared soil. Should the ground not be ready to receive them,

when balmy conditions prevail it is only a matter of a few days when the heel-in and water well until they can be set out.

soil is dry enough to make a start. Therefore see at once that there Stake or wire all newly planted trees, to prevent swaying by high winds,
is no accumulation of work that ought to have been done in the weeks Water all newly planted material at frequent intervals if the

just gone. Be ready to get as much as possible of the “joy” of garden ground appears at all dry, and winds are prevalent,

working when the time is ripe. Be not deceived by sudden advances Replant and rearrange Perennials as the new growths show through

of over-warm spring days nor by late lingering days of winter. The the ground to distinguish them. Give all perennial beds an ap-

two will overlap and intermingle. So, act accordingly and “make plication of ground bone, and point over the surface to incorporate

haste slowly,” take all possible advantage, keep work right up to the it with the soil, but be careful not to injure dormant crowns,

minute, but don’t rush! Of course the bulk of the seeds are now in Compost the winter protective materials as removed; they make
hand ready for sowing. But check over the list. Then look to the fine summer mulch when decomposed.

stock of sundries and insecticides. Consider each crop’s needs and Vacant flower beds intended for bedding plants to be dug, and got
order at once bordeaux, slugshot, Melrosine, nitrate of soda, bone meal, ready for summer occupants. Uncover beds of bulbs and rake

etc. Let “prevention is better than cure,” be the slogan; for the
difference between a good and a poor garden is usually traceable to
preparedness. As with seeds, so with everything else that goes into the
garden, it pays to buy the best; i.e., from dealers who specialize or direct
from the manufacturer where possible.

Vegetable Garden

Plow or spade the earliest piece of ground as soon as it can be done
without the soil adhering to the tools; when it will crumble nicely
with raking, plant the hardiest of the vegetables as suggested in
last month’s Reminder; viz: Swiss Chard, Onions, Turnips, Kohl-
rabi, Carrots, Beets, Smooth Peas, Salsify, Spinach. They will
survive any belated frost and snow. Use a good seeding machine if
your plantings are of any proportions. It saves both time and seed.
About a week or ten days later (as circumstances permit) these early
plantings to be followed with plants of Lettuce, Beets, early
Cauliflower, Cabbage, etc. from the frames after being thoroughly
hardened off.

Plant for convenience in cultivating, which will mean a good deal
in personal comfort before next fall. Standardize the width
between rows, and so save time making adjustments on the
cultivators when cultivating. Group together all early maturing
vegetables, so that the ground may be used for another crop.
Crops that occupy the ground all season should be arranged to-
gether.

Early potatoes to be planted. Treat with formalin solution for scab.

Don’t omit this; it is no longer an experiment.

Vegetable roots may be set out (Asparagus, Rhubarb, Sea-kale.
Chives, Horse-radish, etc.) Onions and Leeks, started indoors
for exhibition, may be planted out.

Asparagus beds to be lightly forked over, and hilled up.

Succession plantings of Peas, Spinach, etc. to be made as earlier
plantings break the ground.

Small sowings of herbs such as Thyme, Sage, Marjoram, Dill, etc.
may be made.

Tomatoes, Egg-plants, Peppers, Musk-melons, and other tender
plants may still be sown in the hotbed; Sweet Potatoes, put in to
sprout and planted out next month; and a few Cucumber seeds
for an early crop to utilize all the frame space when the other
plants are set out.

Lima Beans, Squash, and the tender vegetables mentioned above
may be started in dirt bands, or paper pots for setting out later.

Flower Garden and Grounds

If not already done, uncover Roses, examine for scale, and if found,
spray. When the buds begin to swell, prune back the hybrids

over the surface soil to keep weeds in check.

Finish pruning late flowering shrubs. Prune and tie up vines on walls,
arbors, and trellises.

Sweet-peas to be sown outdoors as soon as possible, so they may
root deeply before hot weather overtakes them. Plant out those
that have been started under glass.

Asters, and Stocks are very successful from sowings made outdoors
this month; and sowings may be made of such Annuals as do not
transplant very well; e. g., Mignonette, Alyssum, Poppy, Hun-
nemania, Eschscholtzia, Lavatera rosea, Lupinus, as well as
Candytuft, Nasturtiums, Centaurea, Marigold.

Plant Gladiolus for early flowering.

The Lawn and Walks

Clean the lawn of weeds, filling holes thus made with good soil and
reseeding. As soon as the grass is long enough to reach the blades
of the machine it should be cut. Promote a strong root growth of
grass by mowing frequently, but never cut extremely close.

Roll light soils where hand machines are used for mowing; but where
heavy horse or power machines with a big roller are in use, enough
rolling is done while mowing, and particularly on heavy soils
inclined to pack and become hard.

As soon as the mud has dried up sufficiently attend to roads, drives,
and walks. Keep the original edges of these as much as possible.
Use the scuffle hoe for weeds on the drive, or a good weed-killer
if it can be applied without injuring the edges of the adjoining
lawn. Repair ragged edges of turf by inserting pieces of sod, or by
adding soil and seeding down.

Frames and Hotbeds

Useful as these simple structures are for raising early plants for setting
outdoors weeks ahead of the time they would otherwise be ob-
tained, they become indispensable as an adjunct to the greenhouse
for hardening off stock prior to planting out.

Harden all early planted material by giving plenty of ventilation
on all favorable occasions. With longer days and more sun
power, water will be required in greater quantity. Water thor-
oughly too, avoiding the “little and often” plan which dampens
the surface soil, whilst the roots of the little plants underneath are
really dry.

Provide plenty of covering when a cold night is expected. Weeks
of hard work can be undone by one belated cold spell.

Pansies, Myosotis, Daisies, Canterbury-bells, Aquilegias, Foxgloves,
etc., carried over winter in coldframes, to be got into the beds of
borders they are to occupy to give space in the frames for other
purposes.

'35

136

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

Annuals, such as Zinnias, Globe Amaranth, Miniature Sunflowers,
African Marigold, Early Cosmos, Petunias, etc., may still be
sown in the cold frame.

A mild hotbed made up at this time is about the best possible place
to grow on Geraniums, and other low-growing bedding plants
that are making a great demand on the bench space in the green-
house. With four or five inches of soil and the pots plunged to
the rims, the gentle heat will set them growing apace. Keep close
for the first few days; then give air whenever possible.

Don’t allow any crowding of the young plants in the frames, or weak,
drawn stock will result. If in pots, take out every other row,
erecting a temporary frame for them rather than crowd. Seedlings
to be pricked-out into other frames (or planted into flowering
quarters if their hardiness justifies it) for the same reason.

The Greenhouses

Plants of every description now require increased water and ventilation.
Lightly shade Palms, and Ferns to prevent burning.

Pot-on plants that need more root space; and particularly bedding
stock, which may then be transferred to a mild hotbed (see under
“Frames”).

Hardy Annuals, started early and pricked-off into flats, or potted,
may go to coldframes to make room for other stock.

Cuttings may still be made of Coleus, Petunias, Ageratums, Achy-
ranthes and other bedding plants. Top-back the more advanced
plants to make then sturdy and bushy, and root the tops.

Sow tender Annuals to prick-off when large enough to handle, and then
transfer to coldframe.

Calceolarias and Cinerarias, now coming into flower, to be kept free
from insect pests.

Hanging baskets for porches, etc. to be filled now, and hung in a
cool house until they go to summer quarters. Weeping Lan-
tanas are useful for these baskets.

All early flowering shrubs that are being forced should be placed
in a cool house when in full flower. Bulbs of such Lilies as
speciosum, if potted or planted in benches, will flower before those
outdoors. Continue planting at intervals cold storage bulbs for a
succession of bloom throughout the summer months.

Fern spores to be sown now on sand or very fine soil in a warm moist
house; give a position somewhat shaded.

Annuals for outdoor cut flowers may still be sown indoors. Pot-up
Cannas that have been started in sand. Keep growing without a
check Asters sown for early use. Maintain a buoyant atmosphere
in the house containing the bedding plants if it is not convenient
to make up a mild hotbed for them.

Poinsettias placed in a warm house will soon throw out young shoots
for cuttings. Root these in coarse sand in a warm propagating
bench.

Petunias for late use may still be rooted from cuttings. Small plants
of Lobelia speciosa, may be potted-on for filling vases at the
end of next month.

Bouvardia rooted early and potted into i\ inch pots may be set into
frames, and either grown on there, or set in the open ground as
soon as all danger of frost is past.

Young plants of French Hydrangea, may be moved to frames to
harden-off and planted out to make fine plants by fall. Cy-
clamen to be kept growing in a cool, partially shaded position.
Feed with liquid manure Hydrangeas to be in flower for Memorial
Day.

Propagate Dahlias from cuttings from old plants started into growth
on a sunny bench in a cool house.

Plant outdoors during dull or showery weather rooted runners of
Violets.

Avoid wide fluctuations of temperature in the Sweet-pea house at
this time. If buds are dropping look carefully to the watering.
Acid phosphate (an ounce to a gallon of water) is often helpiul.
Attend to cultivation of the soil, tying, staking, and thinning of
shoots as occasion requires.

Coming in May. The first of a series of articles
on the general idea of "Living in the Garden”; and
for the busy man who has a little farm “up in the
country” a practical account of “Running an Or-
chard from a City Desk.” Other features include
“Ornamental Vines,” "Color Charts’for Gardeners,”
“Dwarf Phloxes”. The cover design is Wisteria
Bloom, by Herbert Brown.

Roses that are not producing well may be thrown out, the house
cleaned down, and a new lot of plants put in. If the cropping
system is practised, pinching should be done about the middle
of the month for a . crop at the end of May. Water more freely,
and syringe often enough to keep red spider under control. Liquid
manure may be more freely given. Pot-up Rambler Roses for
next year’s use.

Continue rooting Chrysanthemums, pot-on early rooted ones as they
show need. Avoid any check in growth through becoming pot-
bound.

Carnations in benches will be benefited by a mulch of half manure
and half soil to prevent the roots drying out too quickly, as they
are apt to do at this time of the year. Varieties with delicate
pink flowers will be better for a light shading on the glass — just
enough to break the direct rays of the sun. Young plants to go
to the frames to be hardened off previous to planting outdoors;
which, however, may be done soon after the middle of the month if
weather conditions permit. Turn over at the first opportunity
the soil to be put into the benches for the young plants.

Snapdragons now need more water. Cuttings put into sand in March
will be rooted now, so place into small pots and keep potted-on
into the next size larger, and still another one larger yet, if they
make rapid growth.

Clumps of Perennials that have been forced, to be planted out as soon
as their usefulness is past, in a small nursery where they may re-
main for two years to recover.

Fruits and Vegetables Indoors

Prune out weak wood of fruits and start late trees into growth. Tap
smartly such pot fruits as may be in bloom to disperse the pollen
and ensure a good set. Give plenty of water to those that have
set their fruit, and syringe them each morning and not later than
3 o’clock in the afternoon. Peaches especially need a damp at-
mosphere; never tolerate anything approaching aridity after
blooming is over. Do not thin fruits until after the stoning period.
Disbudding the shoots is done by rubbing out every second
growth with the finger and thumb.

Melons, Cucumbers, and Tomatoes for summer crops indoors to be
started. Personal preference may be indulged with Tomatoes,
though English forcing Melons and Cucumbers are the only choice.

Branches of Lilac bushes cut and placed in a warm room or greenhouse
will produce good flowers but the color will be white irrespec-
tive of the normal color of the variety.

The Fruit Garden

Fruit trees that do not bear satisfactory fruit maybe grafted over to bet-
ter varieties. In fact several varieties may be grown on the same
tree in the case of Apple and Pear. This work should be done be-
fore growth starts, and finished within a week after the buds swell.

Planting of young trees to be completed as soon as possible.

Plant Strawberries at once to start new plantations. Rake the mulch
from established beds, and dig in well-decayed manure between
the rows.

Examine Peach trees for borers by removing six inches of soil from
around the base of the tree. Gum and “saw-dust” are the first
visible signs of their presence. Clean these away, and run a
wire into the holes to kill the grubs. Repeat the examination
a week or so to get later attacks.

Watch the Currants as the young leaves develop (especially near
the ground) for worms, spray at once as they appear, taking
care to wet the under side of the leaves.

Watch for steel gray beetles on the Grape-vine leaves and pick them
off into a pan of kerosene.

New plantations of Raspberries and Blackberries to be made as
soon as possible this month. Uncover and tie up to trellises or
stakes those that have been laid down or buried with earth during
the winter.

Coming in June. “Irises” will dominate our
June number. The leading article by Mr. J. (^.
Wister tells the “History of the Iris in America. ’
Mr. Mitchell writes on “Irises in California.” There
will be a “Planting Plan for a Garden of Irises”
and other associated articles. Also, “Flower Con-
tainers” and other discussions of the decorative
uses of plants and flowers.

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

137

mainmmimig1

Art Unusual

Opportunity

A recent favorable change in the
labor situation enables us now to
offer a highly desirable selection
of large evergreens at extremely
favorable prices; — lower than
they have been for years.

This stock is first grade in every
respect; — grown with the utmost
of skdl and care — perfect in form
and condition — with symmetrical
tops and vigorous root systems
— well seasoned, hardy, vigorous
— ready to take hold at once
and deliver its full beauties to
you from the moment your home
grounds are reached.

Send for our handsome book
“Beautiful Home Surroundings”
Free on Request ^rrrrmft

New Climbing Rose
Paul’s Scarlet Climber

Offers a complete list of the best varieties of Hardy Perennial Plants, Dahlias, Roses, Water Lilies,
Aquatics, etc., also Flower and Vegetable Seeds, Lawn Grass and Agricultural Seeds, Garden Requisites of
all kinds. A copy will be mailed free if you mention this magazine. Write to-day.

UCMD V A l^DCCO 7 1 4-7 1 6 Chestnut Street

nLiMK I A . UKLLK, Philadelphia, pa.

Gorgeous New Climbing Rose

Paul’s Scarlet Climber

Dreer’s Garden Book for 1921

LLfITHOUT question this is the most important addition to our list of Climbing
* * Roses in many years. No other Rose in any class can compare with it for bril-
liancy of color, which is a vivid scarlet that is maintained without burning or bleaching,
until the petals fall. The flowers are of medium size, semi-double, very freely produced
in clusters of from three to six flowers each on much branched canes, the plants being
literally covered with flowers from top to bottom. It is of strong climbing habit and
perfectly hardy. This Rose has been most highly commended by the English horti-
cultural press. It was awarded a Gold Medal by the National Rose Society and an
Award of Merit by the Royal Horticultural Society of England, and was also awarded
during the summer of 1918 the much coveted Gold Medal at the Bagatelle Gardens,
Paris. Extra strong two-year-old plants, $2.00 each.

Dreer’s Select Hardy Perennial Plants

The old-fashioned Hardy Garden Flowers which are now so popular largely on account of
the varied changes which take place throughout the entire season in a well-arranged hardy
border. We have prepared a special leaflet, with plans and list of suitable plants for positions
either in sun or shade and will send it free to all applicants.

138

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

T^7"HEN you screen a porch, install portable panels
’ ’ as shown. Add a room — an out-of-door living
room or sleeping porch — protected against germ-
carrying insects.

lo insure the best looking and wearing screening,
specify PEARL WIRE CLOTH. Due to its metallic
coating, a special process exclusive with us, PEARL
is the most durable, therefore the most economical,
besides being the most beautiful and sanitary.

Make sure of getting the Genuine by looking for our round
tag on each roll and the two copper wires in the selvage —
our permanent trade-mark.

We have a dealer in your town. See him or write us if you are interested in
permanently screening doors , windows or porches. Samples and literature free .

Address Department “G”

The Gilbert & Bennett Mfg. Co.

New York Georgetown, Conn. Chicago Kansas City

PEARL is made in two weights — regular and extra heavy

The best hardware dealer in your city sells “PEARL”

FAVORITE VARIETIES OF IRISES

Here are three collections of IRISES which are FAVORITES in our garden.

Favorite Collection of Dwarf
Irises

Coerulea, Bride, Stewart, Standard,
Orange Queen, Socrates, Cyanea,
Curiosity, Bluestone, and Eburnea.

/ Rhizome each of above varieties
$3.00 prepaid

WASHINGTON STREET

Favorite Collection of Inter-
mediate Varieties
Brunette, Charmant, Dorothea, Etta,
Freya, Halfdan, Helge, Ingeborg,
Royal and Walhalla.

1 Rhizome each of above varieties
$2.50 prepaid

Favorite Collection of Tall
Bearded Irises

Anna Farr, Caprice, Glory of Read-
ing, King, Juniata, Lohengrin, Lor-
eley, Mary Garden, Pocohontas, Prin-
cess Victoria Louise, Rheinnixe and
Quaker Lady.

1 Rhizome each of above varieties
$6.00 prepaid

VAN WERT, OHIO

LEE R. BONNEWITZ,

Van Wert Iris Gardens

“SPARE THE KNIFE AND
SPOIL THE SHRUB”

CEVERE pruning is the most heartrending
experience that falls to the lot of the ama-
teur gardener. Yet great is his reward which
comes in renewal of the shrub and in bloom,
wonderful both in size and color.

No shrub has more need of the knife or re-
sponds more satisfactorily than the Hydrangea
paniculata grandiflora. The accompanying photo-
graph shows what a little intelligent care will
do; and any one willing to follow a few simple
cultural directions may get the same results.

HYDRANGEA PANICULATA GRANDIFLORA

These remarkably lusty blooms are
ample proof that severe pruning agrees
with this type of Hydrangea at least

My Hydrangeas have not the advantage of
naturally rich soil. In western North Carolina
the soil is heavy, red clay; its only virtue being
that it holds what is added to it. The results
I have had are due to no natural conditions,
but entirely to treatment. I have used the
following method for years, and with unfailing
success.

In the fall the shrub is cut back to within two
or three feet of the ground; all small weakling
growth is at that time removed, and a dressing
of stable manure given. Care is taken that the
manure is not thrown into the bush, but around
it. With us there is no need of giving the canes
winter protection. In early spring, when dan-
ger of severe cold is past, I again thin out and
trim — this time leaving only the strongest perfect
canes of the last year’s growth; in number, 1
am guided by the age and strength of the roots.
These canes are cut back to different heights,
from eight inches to two feet, according to the
shape desired to be maintained. Tall canes
in the centre with canes diminishing in size to-
ward the outer edge give a pyramid-shaped shrub,
which is a good setting for bloom. Such a

( Continued on page 1 44,

'he Garden Magazine, April, 1921

139

GARDENS that satisfy the
aesthetic and the economic
needs of town and country homes
are assured when Thorburn
Seeds are sown.

Instructions for planting and
cultivating accompany each col-
lection; special advice gladly
given also.

Our 1921 Catalogue shows flower and
vegetable seed collections ranging from
50c up. It’s free. Write for it to-day .

J. M. Thorburn & Co.

Founded 1802

52 Barclay Street, through to 54 Park Place
New York

Bobbink & Atkins

Visit

Nursery

/World's
Choicest
Nursery SGreeifi
■Products
*IF-!T>v.-n In Amerl'

Ask for
Catalogue

ROSES

EVERGREENS
RHODODENDRONS
TREES AND SHRUBS
ROCK GARDEN PLANTS
OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
FRUIT TREES AND BUSHES
SPRING-FLOWERING BULBS

Are fully described in our Catalogue.

Ask for our special list of Lilacs and Rock Garden Plants.

Nurserymen and Florists

RUTHERFORD NEW JERSEY

Success Depends on Perfect, Carefully Selected Stock

This Spring we offer a finer selection than ever before of Strawberries,
giant Raspberries and Blackberries, sturdy Currants and Gooseberries,
strong, well-rooted Grapes and all kinds of hardy Garden Roots. If you
are at all interested in Berries, ask our Berry Specialist for free advice.

You will also find a complete assortment of Ornamental Plants offered in our attractively illustrated
catalogue No. 101, which will be sent without cost to all inquirers.

J. T. LOVETT, Box 125, LITTLE SILVER, N. J. For 43 Years a Specialist in Berry Culture.

140

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921,

A Planet Jr.
means a well
kept garden

c

| ARED for with a Planet Jr., your garden not
only yields better but also looks better.
The same treatment brings quick growth
and good appearance. A Planet Jr., by keeping
down the weeds, strengthens the plants and gives
a neat, even look to the rows; by turning and
breaking up the soil, it gives to the roots a proper
balance of air, sunlight and moisture, at the same
time leaving that soft, crumbled surface which
makes well-kept soil almost as beautiful as lawn. The
healthy growth of the plants is in itself a pleasing and
inspiring sight.

When you eat fresh vegetables there is an added plea-
sure in knowing that they are produced, not by the old-
fashioned hack-breaking methods, but with a light, easy-
running Planet Jr. which saves the worst of the labor
and does the work twice as well.

Planet Jr.

Pa.

Write for the free 72 page illustrated catalogue, describing all
Planet Jr. implements, and telling just how they should be used
in the garden to bring the best results.

S. L. Allen & Co., Inc. Phna^lp""8 s

No. 25 Planet Jr. Combined Hill and Drill Seeder,

Double and Single Wheel Hoe, Cultivator and
Plow sows all garden seeds in hills or drills,
covering the seed and marking the next
row as it goes, all at one pas-
sage. As a double wheel hoe it
straddles the rows or as a
single wheel hoe runs be-
tween them. It is a
wonderfully handy
combination of
many tools

A Catalogue*
That’s Worth
One Dollar

N

OT OFTEN IS THIS TRUE of a cata
logue, but it describes with fidelity Farr’.
Hardy Plant Specialties, seventh edition
To people who care for flowers, and like to know
something about their families and types, thi;
book will be found more valuable than most texi!
books.

It lists and classifies almost six hundred Peonies
(the largest collection in America), giving size
color, type, and degree of fragrance. It describ
hundreds of Irises, perennials, flowering shrubs.)
shade trees, and \ines.

For example, it lists ninety varieties of Lilacs.1
thirty-eight varieties of Deutzias, and presents]
other shrubs in extensive assortments. Four-
teen full page color plates and many black and
white reproductions of gardens and specimen'
blooms make it a valuable source of reference. f

Farr’s Hardy Plant Specialties
Will be sent postpaid for $1

With each copy we mail a certificate good for one
dollar on the first purchase of ten dollars. The
book is really worth a dollar without rebate; some
people consider it far more valuable. A copy
will be sent promptly upon receipt of remittance.

Bertrand H. Farr

Wyomissing Nurseries Company
104 Garfield Avenue
Wyomissing, Pennsylvania

Robt. Pyle, Pres. A. Wintzer. Via Pres.

Backed by over 50 years’ experience

Roses that assure the
beauty of your garden

PONARD ^ ROSES

& JONES COMPANY
BOX 24 WEST GROVE, PA.

The prize-winning Columbia or the snow-white
Frau Karl Druschi — the yellow Sunburst or
the soft pink J. L. Mock — it matters not — if
it is a genuine Conard Star Rose, it will BLOOM
or we will refund your money.

Our lillle book. “ Success with Roses,"
is worth dollars. Price to you, joc.
Send for it. Our beautifully illus-
trated catalogue of over 200 varieties
is free. Write for it to-day.

“ This little celluloid
star tag is my money-
back guarantee. It also
tells the name of every
Conard Star Rose in
my garden.”

For Conard Star Roses are hardy field-grown
plants raised by rose specialists nationally
known. On every rose you get our
Star Tag Guarantee — a durable little
celluloid tag with the name of the
rose printed on it. This is the sym-
bol of our guarantee and is also a
permanent identification of the rose.

It’s not the guarantee which makes
our roses bloom but the quality of
our plants which enables us to make
the guarantee.

141

rj\e Garden Magazine, April, 1921

A Rare Visitor from
New Zealand

Slowly, but surely, the nurseries of this
country are developing into storage houses
of the plant treasures of the world ! In this
process we are glad to lend a helping hand.
Every year sees us experiment with hitherto
untried hardy plants. And we are glad to
say we discovered another little Jewel in

Helichrysum Angustifolium

a perennial of the Everlasting or Strawflower
family that promises to become quite an
acquisition for the Rockery. The downy
gray foliage (in color not unlike that of
Dusty Miller among the biennials) furnishes
a most pleasing contrast with other plants.
The tiny, double, pure white flowers will
keep like any other strawflower, if properly
dried or cured.

Strong Plants 35c each $3.50 per dozen
Let Our New Catalogue Help!

You will find it to abound with offers of plant
material particularly suitable for hardy borders,
rock gardens and old-fashioned gardens. Our
special endeavors are to provide a complete assort-
ment, hence, whether you want the old stand-byes
or the new things of merit, we believe we can
serve you. Please write for our free catalogue
and mention G. M.

PALISADES NURSERIES, Inc.

Sparkill, New York

HICKS

HEMLOCK
HEDGE
SO Years OJd

This Hemlock Hedge surrounded the garden of a tree lover. When
the property was offered for sale we moved the hedge to our nursery
in summer. It is 6oo feet long, and can be used to make a garden
theatre, to shut off the street, to enclose an entrance court, screen the
service or laundry yard, garage, or vegetable garden. Hemlock thrives
from Maine to Wisconsin, and south to the mountains of North Carolina.

This hedge can be loaded on cars, shipped to your place, and we
guarantee it to grow satisfactorily. If trees or shrubs are in the way of
planting, they can be moved away with big balls of earth.

You can get from Hicks Nurser-
ies the rock and crevice plants that
soften the earth, Japanese Yew for
the pyramid in the foreground,
flowering plants, big evergreens and
shade trees.

You will enjoy reading the new
edition of Home Landscapes, which
is illustrated with paintings and color
photographs of suburban homes.
Send to-day for a copy.

HICKS NURSERIES, Box M, Westbury, L. I., New York

Hemlock Hedge to make the
setting for your flowers and
garden parties

YOUR garden needs a Hemlock Hedge
as a background to give a finished,
mellow, quiet air. The soft velvety
texture of clipped Hemlock closely re-
produces the Yew of England, which un-
fortunately is not hardy.

An Apology with Correction of Error

Through a deplorable oversight and in the pressure of getting
ready the greatest March issue of GARDEN MAGAZINE ever
i published, a mistake crept into the Fenton’s Dahlia Farm adver-
tisement on page 85 of March GARDEN MAGAZINE. The
item in the center portion of the advertisement should read “85
seeds selected from 50 crosses— $ 1 .00” instead of 25 seeds only,
as it appeared. Should this revised quantity encourage addi-
tional readers to order the seeds, please address: Fenton’s
Dahlia Farm, 771 Buena Vista Avenue, San Francisco, Cal.

GROW GLADIOLUS BULBS

IT’S GREAT SPORT

For only One Dollar I will send you (postpaid to
Fifth Zone) one hundred (ioo) small but blcom-
ing size Gladiolus bulbs, fine sorts, but without
marks; and 500 Cormels (bulblets). The latter
will bloom next year and give extra bulblets this
fall. See my offers in the March number. Send
for my Catalogues, retail and wholesale, for
commercial growers.

GEO. S. WOODRUFF Box G Independence, Iowa

EnnsylvaNIA

LAWN MOWERS

The merchant who carries
“Pennsylvania” Quality Lawn Mow-
ers COULD sell the “just as good”
kind cheaper, at greater profit.

But he doesn*t; he values the
‘ good-will ** of a satisfied
purchaser.

AT HARDWARE
DEALERS AND SEEDSMEN

Rhododendron Maximum

In car lots

Mt. Laurel

In car lots

Fruit Trees, Fruit Plants, Roses

and other Ornamental trees and plants
Send List of Wants for Price

MORRIS NURSERY CO.

1133 Broadway, New York City

142

The Garden Magazine, April, 192

Permanent Ponds and Pools
Require Hardy Water Lilies

From childhood days you have known the waxy white Pond Lily of lakelet and
gently flowing stream, and have pushed a canoe through the pads in search of the
fragrant flowers. To-day you may grow these and many other beautiful Water
Lilies in your own garden.

Imagine the effect when rose-pink, carmine, yellow, and pure white, are blended in
one color symphony. Then you will enthusiastically admit that the exquisite colors,
the soft and delicate tints, the unequalled daintiness of form, place Hardy Water
Lilies among the most charming plants that are adapted to American gardens.

Hardy Water Lilies may remain year after year in the same pond or pool, growing
sturdily and producing lovely blooms all summer long. They need no care —
sunshine, a little good soil, and water makes them perfectly happy.

Tricker’s Booklet of Water Lilies and Aquatic Plants for 1921

gives instructions and plans for building a pool; pictures in color severed rare Water Lilies, tells
how to grow (in pool, tub, or stream) all the desirable kinds; and, best of all, shows how you
may have these exquisite blooms at a reasonable price. Send to-day for a copy of the 1921 issue.

WILLIAM TRICKER, Water Lily Specialist Box E, Arlington, N. J.

A Grand New Bedding Plant

AGERATUM Fraserii

A splendid new bedding plant, un-
equaled for borders. The plants are
from 7 to 8 inches high, forming spread-
ing balls, covered with a mass of bright
blue flowers the entire season. The in-
dividual flowers are half an inch in di-
ameter borne in trusses three inches and
more in diameter. This is the best of
the ageratums, which have always been
excellent for bedding and for pot plants.

Price 25 cents each; $2.75 per dozen;
$20.00 per hundred

Send for catalogue of Bedding Plants, etc.

Richard Vincent, Jr. & Sons Co.

Established 1870

White Marsh Maryland

RUNLITE Cultivator

in the United States

Light running, strong and durable, teeth
oscillate, relieving strain, making perfect
dust” mulch. Increase yield, improve
quality of Fruit, Flowers or Vegetables.
Complete with handle. At Hardware
Dealers, Seed Stores or from the factory.
Unqualifiedly guaranteed.

CIRCULARS ON REOUEST

Runlite Company, ithaca, n. y.

It is no longer a question of ichal is the
best sweet corn, but where you are going
to buy it. If you want the genuine arti-
cle why not buy it from the man who
strove to attain such an ideal and who is
endeavoring to keep it up to the standard.

“Father Gives Way to the Son”

( Golden Bantam) ( Golden Giant )

Rural New Yorker. July 26, 1919.

“Golden Giant sweet com is a vast improvement on the popular
Golden Bantam.”

Corn and Strawberry circulars sent with order
Prices: 2 oz. 25c.; 4 oz. 40c.; 8 oz. 65c.; 1 lb. $1.00;

5 lbs. $4.00; 10 lbs. $7.00; 25 lbs. $15.00; 50 lbs. $25.00

Send check or money order, no stamps

THE DeLUE EXPERIMENTAL FARM

Dept. J. Needham, Mass.

Fresh, Fragrant

ROSES

from your own garden

have a scent and beauty beyond all
others. Plant our collection of

FIVE FINEST ROSES, $1.50 Postpaid
These Bloom all Summer

RADIANCE — brilliant carmine-pink.

BETTY — bewitching yellow and pink.

K. AUG. VICTORIA — soft pearly white.

GRUSS AN T EPLIT Z— richest scarlet.

MME. CAROLINE TESTOUT— silver-edged pink.
THESE FIVE ROSES ARE GUARANTEED TO GROW
AND BLOOM. Order direct from advertisement.
The roses will be sent you promptly, and a copy of
COLLINS BIG 1921 CATALOGUE FREE, which
lists money-saving offers on roses, flowers, vege-
tables, berry plants, grape vines, fruit trees and
evergreens. Worth writing for NOW.

ARTHUR J. COLLINS Sc SON
Box 28 Moorestown, New Jersey

Fancy Birch Bark
Flower and Fern Boxes

Handmade throughout, of best grade Birch,
with galvanized iron lining. Ideal for
Porch, Veranda or Living Room. The
proper setting for any plants!

Size L. W. H. Price )

16 24 x 614 * 6 $3.25 /

17 26 x 6% x 6 3.60 l £

18 28 x 6}| x 6 3.95 f 5

Stand, as illustrated. I ;r

29 x 9 x 28 $9.75 )

I #*t*mc* Cash with order and

* w * Hlo t caliofarlinn nine cife a r.

satisfaction plus safe ar-
rival guaranteed. Favor us with your trial I
order.

PETERSEN & CO.

7124 Cornell Ave., Chicago, III. j

The Little Gem for Spring Gardens

‘UCKED away in almost no space at all, the little Gem

______ assures a

X. successful Spring garden. You can erect it in a few hours and have a
permanent, practical greenhouse at a considerable saving in the usual cost.
There are more pretentious styles and sizes also, which are illustrated
in the Greenhouse Book. Shall we send your copy to-day?

Callahan greenhouses are especially are insulated with the “dead air” cell

desirable for those who garden in their method. All wood parts are Red Cy-

spare time whether for pleasure or profit. press — the wood that defies decay.

It does not require expert skill to have a Callahan greenhouses are within the

successful garden as they are designed and reach of everyone. Our service is to help

built to provide ideal growing conditions. you select the proper house and get the

The super-structure is double-glass most from it. Our suggestions will be

with metal roof support. The side walls freely and gladly given.

Write to-day

i T. J. CALLAHAN COMPANY, 204 Fourth St, Dayton, Ohio /

Duo-Glazed Sash for Hotbeds and
Cut-lo-Fit Greenhouse material

t nit ms urn itrai mm its j

=Five Glorious Hardy Lilies=

Including Two NEW and RARE Varieties

ILil. PARADISEA GIGANTEUM. (See picture). 2-3 ft. Bloom June-
• July. Enchanting with its numerous graceful spikes terminating in grace-
ful clusters of pure white sweetly scented flowers. Each 50c, doz. $5.00.

2Lil. REGALE. 3-4 ft. July-August. Considered the most beautiful
Lily in existence. Short trumpets, inner petals pearly white with trans-
lucent rosy shimmer, pale yellow heart, outside shaded golden amber.

Each 75c, doz. $8.00.

3Lil. HENRY II. 4-6 ft. August. A gorgeous showy Lily, a sheet of
flame with its glowing orange-yellow flowers 20 to 40 to the stem. Can
be left undisturbed for years without special care sending up its magnifi-
cent flower stalks each season. Each 50c., doz. $5.00.

4L11. AURATUM. 3-4 ft.

August. Japan’sGOLDEN
QUEEN LILY— immense
flowers, white, with red-
dish-brown dots and a
broad golden band through
each petal. Very fragrant.

Each 50c, doz. $5.50.

5L.il SPECIOSUM ROSEUM

3 ft. August. Recurved Petals
flushed deep rose, all rugged with
rubies and garnets, sparkling
with crystal points — green an-
thers. Fragrant and) beautiful.

Each 50c, doz. $5.50.

These bulbs are selected for their absolute
H AK1MNESS, ease of culture, and
great beauty We send only large sound
bulbs— TRUE TO N AME — sure to flower
the first season. Full directions with every
order. Purchased singly these 5 bulbs would
cost $2.75. We send the Set of FIVE
BULBS

POSTPAID, FOR $2.00.

( West of the Mississippi add 15c.)

We are Lily SPECIALISTS — first to import
Lily bulbs from Japan 44 years ago. Our 1921
Garden Book lists RARE NOVELTIES
in Flower and V'egetable seeds. Bulbs, Roots,
etc. Pleasing and interesting. Send for it.

H. H. BERGER & CO.

70 Warren St. N. Y.

Est. 44 years

144

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

It's Getting Late!

This Ten-Ten Book Will
Save You Time and Money

How about your garden, garden lovers?
It’s getting pretty late.

Have you got your Ten-Ten Book on
seeds, hardies, shrubs and trees?

It’s just the kind of catalogue that will
help you catch up on time.

The ten best of everything are so grouped
that they save you no end of time;
turning a bother into a joy.

There’s the ten best of everything for
the flower garden — the ten best roses —
the ten best irises — the ten best ever-
greens— and so on.

Also, the ten best of everything that
will make your vegetable garden make
the most for you.

It saves time to order all ten. Many
people do just that.

They know everything in the Ten-Ten
can be depended on.

Should you want things not in the ten
best lists, there’s the illustrated index,
a most interesting index, where you’ll
find all your old garden friends.

Another thing — this Ten-Ten Book is
crammed full of good common sense
information on garden planting and
culture, that will multiply the joys of
gardening and planting of your grounds.

Send for it to-day, and see if it isn’t
just the kind of catalogue you’ve long
been looking for.

You can rely on us to fill your orders
promptly.

fjTuliuS* T^geHrS1 Co

At *Iho Si^n of The Tree
X Box lO, Rutkerford N.J.

( Continued from page jj8)

shrub should stand alone. If the Hydrangeas!
are backed by shrubbery, the best effect is
obtained by leaving the tallest canes at the rear
and graduating toward the front. When doing
this spring trimming, the final effect desired!
must be kept in mind. The fertilizer placed!
around the shrub in the fall is now worked into
the ground lightly, so that the roots are not dis-i
turbed. Collars of wire netting are put around
each bush to protect the young growth, which is
of the tenderest nature, from dogs — or the care-
lessness of the man behind the lawn mower.

This new growth I watch with great care, and
rub off buds starting where they have no chance
of developing bloom, that no effort of growth
shall be needlessly expended. When the growth
is from three to four feet high, 1 nip off the ends
of the outside canes, forcing the plant to send out !
two terminals where there was but one. This
somewhat decreases the size of the panicles of
bloom, but has the advantage of distributing
weight and increasing the number. If specimen
blooms are desired, 1 do no disbudding, and take
great care of the canes, giving them all the sup-
port needed. The foliage is heavy and if the
growth is rank, the canes need support before the
bloom appears.

When the buds look like tiny grapes the ground
is again stirred and a dressing of manure is put
on. The new impetus given by this last feeding
goes to the development of the bloom — with
results sure and wonderful.

After six years of this method of pruning, my
Hydrangea trunks — some three to five inches in
diameter — looked like scarred veterans and I
dared a “major operation.” March twentieth
I gave the order that all the Hydrangeas were
to be sawed off to the level of the ground. It was
done! A heavy dressing was given them. The
following September this photograph was taken.

— Mrs. George A. Heywood, Arden, North Caro- -
lina.

Kunderd’s Marvelous

Ruffled Gladioli

offer something entirely new and original for your
garden. Far removed from the common’sorts in type
and exquisite coloring, their rufBed petals carry a stamp
of beauty as well pronounced as it is undefinable. /,

Our splendid new catalogue will be sent free on re- M
quest. It describes ninety new sorts introduced this year
for the first time, and illustrates many of them, eight in natural
colors. In addition it includes valuable cultural information
that you should have. 44 pages of Gladioli matter — all of it
interesting — send to-day for a free copy.

A. E. Kunderd

Originator of the “Ruffled Gladioli **

Box G, GOSHEN, INDIANA, U. S. A.

IRISH POTATOES— TWO CROPS
IN ONE SEASON

FOR several years past I have had new grown
potatoes on my table ten days to two weeks
earlier than any of my neighbors.

To grow extra early potatoes I take the seed
about two weeks before time to plant them,
put them in a box, and place in a warm corner I
in the cellar or near a stove. They soon put
out sprouts. When 1 am ready to plant they are
cut to the proper size, leaving a healthy sprout
on each piece. These are dropped about eighteen
inches apart in rows three feet apart and covered
shallow so the warm sunshine will penetrate the
soil and start them growing. When they begin
to break through the soil, a furrow is thrown over
them so as to cover the young plants completely. |
They soon break through the soil, and if there is <
danger of frost they are again covered in the
same manner. It does not hurt the young plants y
to cover them as they soon break through
again, but it ruins them to get bitten down by |
frost.

I have had nice, new, eating potatoes on my I
table the last Sunday in April, grown by this j
method.

0 Continued on page 153)

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

145

little ^reejfarm^

INTRODUCTORY

Little Tree Offer

6 Choice Evergreens

18 to 24 inches high $5—

SELECTION includes One White
Spruce, Two Douglas Fir, Two Ar-
borvitae and One Juniper, — the “just
right” evergreens for planting around the
house. All areof regular ILittletEree Jfarms
quality with the best of tops and big,
healthy roots.

Price includes packing and delivery to
Express or Post Office, Framingham,
Mass. Average shipping weight 25 lbs.
Remittance with order.

These samples will show you better than
words can express, what quality of stock
you can secure from us at reasonable price.

Send for

“Book of TLittlc VLvec jf

Beautifully illustrated. Containing n
of landscape decoration and just what y
to know about trees and shrubs — their
and care. Used as a reference work,
in U. S. Dept, of Agriculture library.

little (ErecjFarme

AMERICAN FORESTRY
BOSTON COMPANY u 5 A_

“Weedless Lawns”

within the reach of all

Poor seed can’t make your lawn beautiful.
Seed composed mostly of chaff and weed seeds is unfit
to sow, good seed is cheaper because it goes farther.

Scott’s Lawn Seed grows. We guarantee it to give
perfect satisfaction.

Special Offer /

For $1.00 let us send you three pounds of Scott’s Lawn
Seed, compounded from the finest grasses, especially
selected for freedom from weeds and waste matter.

Foundation Plantings

THE difference between a house that looks like a box
placed on the ground and a house that seems to fit
in naturally as if it always belonged there, is a good
foundation planting. The wise choice of the proper
plants and their skilful arrangement will give just the
proper effect — neither too thick nor too thin — of a
shrubbery setting which softens the corners and hard
lines of the house and converts a piece of masonry or
carpentry into a cosy home.

Evergreens are usually preferred for foundation
plantings. They are attractive all the year round. In
winter they add a touch of cheer when all other foliage
is gone.

Flowering shrubs may oe judiciously planted so as to
provide a foundation setting or a porch screen and at
the same time give a succession of bloom and color dur^
ing the greater part of the year. Care must be taken,
however, to arrange such a planting so that the effect
will be pleasing and harmonious always, regardless of
the season.

The choice of plants will make or mar your founda^
tion setting. We are ready to give you our best advice
and help vou select the proper varieties for your purpose.
Our new complete catalogue will help you immensely.
Send for it to-day

Moons' Nurseries

THE WM. H. MOON CO.

MORRISVILLE PENNSYLVANIA

which is I mile from Trenton, N. J.

Here is an attractive shrubbery grouping, out of which the house rises naturally.
Flowers, in an almost uninterrupted succession during the open months, are possible with
such a planting Note, too. how in this planting the side porch is screened from the street.

146

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

A Little Advice About Your Lawn

Good soil and proper drainage are absolutely necessary to produce a good lawn. There should
be no less than a foot of good surface or sandy soil, heavy loam where possible. In light or
sandy soil the grass has a tendency to bum out in hot, dry weather. Where it is necessary to
grade the surface, the subsoil should be removed and replaced with good earth.

Unless the soil is sufficiently rich, apply a liberal quantity of well-rotted manure; dig or plow
this in and incorporate with the soil. Rake or harrow the surface even, and after sowing the
seed rake again lightly and firm the soil with a lawn roller. Never attempt to dig, rake or roll
a lawn when the ground is wet.

The best time to make a lawn is early in spring as soon as the ground is in good tillable
condition, although very satisfactory results are obtained from lawns made during the summer
and autumn.

When the young grass is from 3 to 4 inches high, it should be mown, but not too short, as
close cropping is injurious to a new lawn. Repeat the mowing at intervals of about ten days.
After the lawn is once well established, frequent rollings are beneficial, especially early in spring,
after the soil and with it the roots of the grass have been drawn up by the winter’s frost.

On banks and terraces, where the seed is liable to be washed off by rains before it has sprout-
ed, a quick catch can be secured by mixing the seed with moist earth about one week before
sowing; at the expiration of that time much of the seed is ready to sprout.

Beckert’s Evergreen Lawn Seed

No one kind of grass will make a good lawn. The changeable moods of our climate,
the widely varying conditions of soil and moisture supply require a combination of grasses that
will make a closely interwoven and permanent lawn. We have made the subject of lawns a thorough study and offer, in our Evergreen Mixture, a well-balanced combination of
the finest and most enduring grasses we know. The ingredients of this mixture are the highest grade of recleaned seeds only. This lawn seed is sold by the bushel (24 pounds) .

Use 1 quart to 300 square feet, 4 to 5 bushels to the acre.

Qt. 35cts., 2 qts. 65cts., 3 qts. 90cts.,

4 qts. $1.15, pk. $2.t V2 Bus. $3.75, bushel (24 lbs.) $7.50, 100 lbs. $30.

Write for our free general seed catalogue.

Parcel Post paid within a radius of 1500 miles from Pittsburgh.

BECKERT’S SEED STORE

*

101-103 Federal Street
Quality

Service

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Reliability

is

i

t ®af)lta Jfarm

East Moriches , Long Island , N . Y.

—DAHLIAS ii

“Even Solomon in all his glory,
was not arrayed like one of these.”

The “GARDEN OF DREAMS” Collection

Argyle. A glorious Decorative of rich apricot, suffused carmine,
on long, strong stems. Gorgeously effective. $ 1 .OO

California. A beautiful Peony-Flowered Dahlia from Holland, of
a rich, deep yellow, the giant bloom standing well above foliage
on long, stiff stems. $ 1 -OO

Cour de la Paix. Another Peony-Flowered Dahlia of the colors
our dreams are built of. A beautiful old rose, splashed and shaded
old gold. One of the most beautiful for bouquets. Long, gracefully
strong stems. $1.00

Johnkeer Boreel Van Hooglander. A glowing orange salmon.

Decorative. $ 1 -50

Nokomis. A Peonv-Flower of Stillman’s that flaunts proudly all
the “Glory that was Nineveh’s.” The flower has a base of white
and canary, heavily striped and speckled red. A striking flower
on good stem. $ 1 .OO

Pierrot (Cactus.) An unique and beautiful variety. Deep amber,
every petal boldly tipped white, it is always the “Great Allure”
of our gardens. $ 1 -OO

To all ordering this collection we will give free, two $1.00 tubers from

our “Supreme Collection.” 8 Grand Dahlias Prepaid $5.00

A BED OF BEAUTY

lOO Gladioli— lO varieties Prepaid $5.00

THE DAHLIA FARM, East Moriches, Long Island, New York

"the taste lmIIhI

LOOK STEADILY AT THIS DISH OF RASPBERRIES FOR A FEW
SECONDS THEN THINK OF THE DELICIOUS MELTING FLESH,

FULL OF RICH CREAMY JUICE. DID YOUR MOUTH WATER?

Erskine Park Everbearing Red Raspberry

The early ’till late berry

SHOULD BE PLANTED IN EVERY GARDEN

Conceive the joy and satisfaction of having such berries on your table
all through the summer ;and autumn, the source of wonder to your neighbors,
that you can pick the finest raspberries from the latter part of June
until the snow flies. On November 20th we cut a large branch of the Erskine
Park with blossoms, green berries and ripe fruit upon it.

The plant is by far the strongest growing raspberry we have ever seen.
It branches like a tree and it also has the largest and most roots of any with which
we are acquainted.

It was first discovered on the beautiful estate “Erskine Park” of Mr.
George Westinghouse, Lee, Mass. This estate is in the midst of the beautiful
Berkshire Hills, with a temperature in winter of 30 or 40 degrees below zero, so
that the hardiness of this berry is unquestioned.

Whether it is berries or fruit trees , shrubs or roses , evergreens, hedge
plants, or ornamental shade trees, we are headquarters for a large stock
in unlimited assortment. Send for our general catalogue — it describes
all — it*s yours for the asking.

GLEN BROS., Inc., Glenwood Nursery,

Established 1866, Rochester, N. Y.

147

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

V'W / / =

Pecans in^hreejears

IN these extra-large, twice
transplanted trees I
have put the benefits of
all my skill and experi-
ence. The long tap roots
common to Pecans have
been eliminated by
peated transplantings; the
grafting necessary to fruit-
ful production has been
carefully performed. They
will grow well from the
time they are planted.

THESE trees will bear
several years earlier
than any other nut trees on
the market; in fact, you can
obtain transplanted Pecan
Trees nowhere else. And
the cost is very reasonable
when size and develop-
ment are considered. Send
to-day for my catalogue and
price list of transplanted
nut trees. You will find
it extremely interesting.

LAWN GRASS

Muller-Sealey Co/s Special Mixture

To Make A Good Lawn, Good Seed Is Absolutely Essential

Our Lawn Mixture is composed solely of the purest and heaviest seeds
of the finest leaved, dwarf-growing species of grasses, carefully blended,
which produces a turf in six weeks that will retain its rich green color and
velvety appearance throughout the entire summer.

Grass Seed mixtures at a much lower price are generally sold but the
use of these can only lead to disappointment if a really fine Lawn is desired.

WE SUPPLY ONLY ONE QUALITY— THE BEST
One pound of this mixture will sow 300 sq. ft.; 100 pounds will sow one acre
Price per lb. 55c; 5 lbs. $2.65; 10 lbs. $5.00; 25 lbs. $12.00; 100 lbs. $45.00
Delivered Free Anywhere in the United States
For other Grass Mixtures see our General Catalogue, mailed on request.

Correspondence on Horticultural Subjects is invited, and your patronage is respectfully requested.

MULLER-SEALEY COMPANY, Inc.

Horticultural Specialists 145 West 45th Street, New York

Sheltered Gardens Bear Better!

We can supply all Evergreens suitable for windbreaks and hedges, including Hemlocks,
Pines, Spruces, etc. Those who desire large hedges quickly will find us equally well
provided with deciduous plants and trees of all kinds.

Our Catalogue Offers a Great Collection

Besides having one of the largest assortments of Quality Nursery Products, we also
grow exceptional quantities of some of the rarer trees, shrubs and plants. If you
find difficulty locating just what you want, address

THE BAY STATE NURSERIES, W. H. Wyman , Prop., North Abington, Mass.

Box G,

148

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

Carters Tested Seeds

Famous for a Century

‘"TO*.'

Known and grown in all parts of
the world by the Leading Gardeners
and Horticulturists.

To assure success in your Flower
or Vegetable Garden, use Carters
Tested Seeds — Selected — Harvested
— Cleaned and Tested with the
greatest care for Purity, Quality and
Vitality. The finest strains obtain-
able, they reproduce true to type.

Carters Tested Grass Seed sold in one and
five pound packages, also by the bushel.
Used in producing quality turf on the fore-
most Golf Courses of America and England.

SEND FOR CARTERS 1921 CATALOG “ GARDEN AND
LAWN" MAILED FREE ON REQUEST

Cart ers Tested Seeds

Address: 106 Chamber of Commerce Bldg., Dept. K, Boston
or 3 West Glen Street, Dept. K, Glen Cove, L. I.

Main Office: 25 West 43rd Street, New York

Philadelphia Chicago Toronto

London, England

For Beautilul Lawns use our

Lawn Grass Seed Mixture

With our Prepared Humus

This mixture is made up of the finest varieties of Grass
Seed especially blended for Lawns, Golf Courses and Pri-
vate Estates used in connection with our Prepared Humus
produces a fine beautiful lawn.

SEED PRICES
5 lbs $ 2.50 50 lbs $23.50

10 lbs 5.00 100 lbs 45.00
20 lbs 9.50

Berry Seed Co.

HUMUS 100 lbs. each
5 bags $6.00 10 bags $10.00

Price of seed and Humus in-
clude delivery anywhere in
United States.

20 West Jackson
CHICAGO

Send for folder HOW TO CARE FOR THE LAWN

HODGSON

Portable

HOUSES

WHATEVER purpose you may have in mind
for a portable house, a playhouse for the
children, a summer home for yourself or a church
that will seat 600 people, there is a Hodgson Port-
able House that can be adapted to fill your needs.

Hodgson Portable Houses are built to endure.
When theyare erected they aresturdyand weather
proof. They stand for years without repairs.

And you can erect your Hodgson Portable
House — without skilled aid. It comes to you in
plainly numbered, painted sections of Washing-
ton Red Cedar with a frame of finest quality
Oregon Pine. All of the details of construction
are done at the factory, leaving nothing for you
to do except bolt the sections together. A fire-
place can be added if desired and regular cellars
are often used under the houses.

Get your order in as soon as possible. Write
for our catalog now. The many actual photo-
graphs with which it is illustrated will show you
what you can do with a Hodgson Portable House.

E. F. HODGSON CO.

Room 228, 71-73 Federal Street, Boston, Mass.

6 East 39th St., New York City

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

149

Dept. 12

Springfield, Ohio

illUlilH

Discoverers of a New World

Great Gardens from

HARDLY a year passes that these famous men, Mr. John Burroughs,
Mr. Henry Ford, Mr. H. S. Firestone, and Mr. Thomas A. Edison, do

not take a camping trip to the great
forget their business worries.

Nature is one of the subjects that fascinates
everyone — yet [the average person knows little
or nothing about it. The knowledge of any
big, vital subject makes it a precious possession.
The country about you would be far more in-
teresting if you had a knowledge of the living
wild things: could know the birds by name,
their habits, their peculiarities; for all the
species are different. Many of the birds are
rapidly becoming extinct, and it is a duty as
well as a joy to know them. A full know-

outdoors to get close to Nature, and

ledge of the wild flowers that you see in your
walks is an accomplishment more than worth
while. The same is true of the trees — while
every species of little animal and insect and
butterfly lives a life full of wonderful secrets.
You can gain an intimate knowledge of the
tens of thousands of interesting subjects, and
you w'ill enjoy the greatest pleasure in learn-
ing about them. The children will read the
volumes with pleasure too — they are so delight-
fully written.

The Most Interesting Information in the World

The Nature Library offers you the most interesting information in the world. It is the most
authoritative. The great nature lovers have made it the most beautifully illustrated series of
volumes that has ever been published. There are hundreds of beautiful color plates and thou-
sands of half-tones illustrating the subjects in all their splendor. The season will soon be at
hand when the world will be taking on a new life, and you will want to know the new joys that
Nature has in store for you.

This Beautiful Booklet FREE iff*

We have prepared an attractive booklet descriptive of THE NATURE LIBRARY. This book-
let contains six beautiful full page color plates of birds, wild flowers, trees, butterflies, etc., and many
half-tones, sample pages, and other information about the great outdoors that is of interest to you.

It will give us pleasure to send this booklet free to any of Garden Magazine readers that ask for it.

A coupon is attached for your convenience and we urge that you send it to-day, as only a limited
number of copies can be had.

Send the coupon or post card now to make sure of getting your copy free.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Garden City, N. Y

But a limited number of
these booklets are to be had.

Send the coupon or postal
now for yours. — It is Free.

/' DOUBLEDAY,

/ G.M. PAGE & CO-
/ 4-si GARDEN CITY, N. Y.

✓

Please send me free and with-
out obligation the beautiful sixteen
/ page booklet, containing full page color
* plates, sample pages, etc., from The
/ Nature Library.

y * Name

✓

y* Address

/

City

Little Rose Plants Grow

Many of our greatest gardens are traceable to a very humble beginning. Little tiny
rose slips, transplanted by our boys, frequently bear the flowers that start a new-
born love for the most glorious of all flowers. And we distribute millions of
Rose Plants every season, since success with Roses follows in the wake of

Good & Reese Own-Root Roses

Try These: Star Set of Six Everblooming Roses,

as follows:

Columbia — A true, glowing pink. Among the finest of the newer kinds.
Killarney Brilliant — A brilliant pink, extra double, extra fine Killarney.
Madison — Fine double white.

Madame C. Martinet — Coppery orange.

Miss Wilmot — The sulphur, creamy Gold Medal Rose.

Red Radiance — A deep, rich red.

One of each of above, for #1.25; the set in two-year-old size for $2.75
postpaid.

Besides hundreds of best new and standard Roses, our free catalogue will in-
troduce to you the choicest in Dahlias, Gladioli, Ferns, Chrysanthemums, etc.

Please ask for your copy of this Guide to Finer Flower Gardens.

Guaranteed to Bloom

They cannot help but bloom, being really healthy, sturdy infants that
need very little petting. A fairly good garden soil, a normal amount
of moisture, and an occasional hoeing, and you’ll gather Roses by the
armful all season from our tested and proved varieties.

THE GOOD & REESE CO.

150

The Garden Magazine, April

r

Put Up Dodson Houses

For the Song Birds

V

—

28 in. high. 18 in. in diameter.

Price $6.00.

THEY will protect your trees, shrubs, and
gardens from noxious insects. The bluebird
eats 166 different kinds of insect pests; the
flicker and the house wren 69 kinds. The
purple martin will catch and eat 2,000 mos-
quitoes a day besides other flying insects. Dod-
son Houses attract them and other valuable in-
sectivorous birds.

Put the sturdy Dodson Houses in your garden.

They will tone by weathering to a delightful
harmony with the surroundings. The birds will
return to them year after year, cheering you
with their beauty and songs.

Dodson Bird Houses are a permanent invest-
ment. They are built of thoroughly seasoned
Red Cedar, Oak, Cypress, and selected White
Pine. Nails and cleats coated to resist rust.
Only pure lead and oil paints used.

J /W . Free Book Your Bird Friends, sent on request, illustrating Bird Lodge

KJraer 1 V OW and Dodson Line, giving prices. Also beautiful colored bird picture free.

JOSEPH H. DODSON. Audubon Association 709 Harrison Ave., Kankakee, 111.

Dodson Sparrow Trap, guaranteed to rid your community of these quarrelsome pests, price $8.00

Dodson
Cement
Bird B *h
Price
$2t.S(
Height
Basin -
in diameter.

Dodson Purple Martin House
(cottage style) 28 compartments
32x27 in. Price $16.00. Other
styles up to $78.00.

Dodson Bluebird
House. Built of
solid oak. cypress, snin-
gles and copper coping.

The Loudon Adjustable Flower Stand

The above picture shows a Boston fern swung at an angle of 450. The Loudon stand en-
ables the growing plant to be adjusted to the best possible position to obtain.sunlight — while
a plant can be put in any desired position for decorative purposes.

Especially designed for growing specimen foliage plants in residences, and sun parlor.
The Loudon stand makes an ideal holder for ferns and other growing plants on your porch.

Send for booklet showing the many uses offthe Loudon Stand as well as giving complete
information in regard to prices.

MARIETTA HOLLOW-WARE & ENAMELING CO.

Marietta, Pennsylvania

Enterprise

CM Iron FENCING Chain link

VF IN 1 L K r K 1 S E fencing protects and
beautifies city homes, country estates,
etc. It lends distinction and enhances
property values.

Enterprise fencing is backed by 36 years
of specialized experience in building and
erecting All-Iron and Chain-
Link Fencing. Prices are
again moderate and seem to
have reached a point at which
. * they will stay. Our catalogue

describes and pictures styles
and designs, and gives complete
data. Write to-day for this free
catalogue, mentioning purpose for
which fencing is desired.

ENTERPRISE IRON WORKS

2414 Yandes Street
Indianapolis

rden Magazine, April, 1921

151

“Bulbs that Bloom”

They cannot help but bloom! They will bring to you — in
embryo — the sunshine of the Cedar Acres, the charms that
nature stores in her gift in form of flowering bulbs. Please afford
our illustrated booklet a chance to acquaint you with Bulbs
of quality.

Ceiiar Seres (Slabtolt a«t> ©afjltas

comes to you from specialists devoted to bulb production. May we
hope that you will give one of the offers a trial?

100 Primulinus Hybrid Seedlings $3.00

100 Primulinus Hybrids 5.00

100 Primulinus Hybrids Selected 10.00

It takes all summer to grow the plants to flowers, so why not start
right by pi \g “Bulbs that Bloom?”

B. Hammond Tracy, Inc.

Box 179, Wenham, Massachusetts

The Tittle Chap Next Door

SEVEN years of boyish exuberance bounded up on his new neigh-
bor’s porch. Gravely his eyes swept the long expanse of unin-
terrupted lawn.

“Nothin’ but grass” he said. “Why don't you have a garden like
we’ve got, with trees, an’ bushes, an’ everything?”

The owner laughed. But the more he looked at his lawn, the
more its bareness impressed him. Seven years had taught forty.
That night, he wrote the Landscape Architectural Department of
the Keystone Nurseries for advice.

Japanese Barberry, Ampelopsis, Ilex, and Evergreens — including a
Blue Spruce or two — transformed his grounds into a miniature Gar-
den of Eden. Perhaps we can help you, too. We will gladly offer
helpful suggestions. Write for our new 1921 catalogue. We will
send it by return mail.

B. F. Barr & Company
KEYSTONE NURSERIES

116 Barr Building, Lancaster, Pa.

“

Assortments of

Test Imported
Flower Seeds

Special Pedigree Selections
The Choicest of Each Sort

Many varieties new during the war and not previously in-
troduced here.

In the assortments each variety is in a separate packet.

Fill in below the quantity of each assortment desired. Mail
with money order or check to

CROP TEST SEED COMPANY

P. O. Box 1335, Detroit, Michigan

Deliveries will be made at once to your address

1.

Giant Comet Aster Assortment 6 varieties

8

12

8

12

6

6

4

Packet

27 Double Emperor Larkspur

28 Double Carnation Poppy

29 Camellia-flowered Balsams (Lady-Slipper)

30 Extra Choice Hollyhocks

31 Marvel of Peru, variegated-leaved (Four-

O’Clock)

32 Ipomcea purpurea (Morning Glory)

33 Scabiosa (Mourning Bride)

40 Annuals for open ground, Mixture, many sorts

41 Annuals for open ground, Mixture, dwarf sorts

42 Japanese Lawn, ornamental grasses and flowers 1 oz.

50 Columbine Assortment 6 varieties

51 Begonia semperflorens “ 6

52 ... . Calliopsis (Coreopsis) “ 10

53 Canterbury Bells “ 10

54 Dwarf Cockscomb “ 6

55 ... Centaurea Cyanus "Bachelor Buttons) " 6

56 Chrysanthemum, annual “ 12

57 Chrysanthemum, annual “ 6

58 Dianthus barbatus (Sweet William) “ 6

59 Dianthus (Indian Pinks) “ 16

61 Dianthus (Indian Pinks) “ 6

62 Double Helichrysum (Everlastings) “ 6

63 Iberis (Candytuft) “ 6

64 Sweet Peas “ 18

65 Sweet Peas “ 6

66 Sweet Peas, Spencer & Unwin types “ 12

67 Sweet Peas, Spencer & Unwin types “ 6

68 . Lobelia “ 12

69 Lupins, annual “ 12

70 Myosotis (Forget-me-not) “ 10

71 Phlox “ 6

72 Primula “ 6

73 Mignonette “ 8

74 African Marigold “ 6

75 French Marigold “ 12

77 Climbing Nasturtiums “ 12

78 Dwarf Nasturtiums, Tom Thumb “ 12

79 Pansies, Giant “ 12

80 Pansies, Giant “ 6

81 Zinnia elegans, double “ 6

82 Zinnia elegans, double “ 10

83 CUmbers “ 12

84 Hardy annuals “ 25

85 Dwarf annuals for borders “ 12

86 Perennials “ 25

Packet

2 Globe Quilled Aster

3 Queen of the Market Aster

4 Ostrich Plume Aster

5 American Branching Aster

6 Giant Victoria Aster

7 Peony-flowered Perfection Aster

8 Dwarf Chrysanthemum Perfection Aster .

11 Snapdragon “Aurora von Konigsmark” (new)

12 Snapdragon, dwarf “Daphne” (new)

13 Snapdragon, dwarf “Purple-Carmine” (new) .

14 Snapdragon, dwarf “Chamois-Queen” (new)

15 Snapdragon Assortment 12 varieties

16 Snapdragon

17 Snapdragon, Tom Thumb

18 . Snapdragon, Tom Thumb,

21 Petunia “Violet Silverseam” (new)

22 Petunia “Rheingold” (new)

23 Petunia “Atropurpurea” (new)

24 Petunia “Balcony Queen” (new)

25 Petunia Assortment 12 varieties

6

12

6

. Packet
1000 Seeds
. 1000 “

. 1000 “

$ .50
.50
.50
.50
.50
.50
.50
.75
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
.50
1.50
.75
.50
1.50
1.00
1.25
1.50
.75
1.00
.75
1.25

1.00

.75

.50

.50

.50

1.00

.75

1.00

.75

1.00

1.25

.75

1.75

1.00

.50

1.25

.50

.75

.50

1.00

.50

1.25

.75

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

.50

1.00

.75

1.00

1.50

1.00

.50

.75

1.00

2.00

1.00

2.00

WHY NOT THE BEST?

152

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

It Is Like Letting the Fairies
Water Your Garden

You turn a valve. At once a series of silver like streams
hover over your flowers; and then breaking up into a thous-
and drops, they scatter refreshingly over your plants and
onto the ground.

So gently, do they drop that it’s like the kiss of fairies.

Not a petal broken- Not an inch of ground packed.

The soil will be moist and lightened for inches down. Oxygen
and air nitrogen has been carried into the ground to be con-
verted into quickly availabe plant foods.

Send us the size of your garden and we will send you full
particulars about the best way to water it.

The Skinner Irrigation Co.

DAHLIAS

hybrids and the best of American and Foreign varieties.

Catalogue on request.

Member: American Dahlia Society: National Dahlia Society, Great

Britain. Societe Nationale D'Horticulture de France: Nederlandsche
Dahlia Vereeniging. Holland; The Dahlia Society of California.

M. G. TYLER

1660 Denver Ave., Portland, Oregon, U.

S. A.

Bird Bath
in

Stony Gray
Terra Cotta

AliOWAY

OTtERY

GIVES CHARM TO GARDENS
Send 10 C in stamps for Catalogue
E stab, of Bird Baths. Flower Vises. Boxes,
i8io Sun Dials, Gazing Globes, Benches

and other interesting pieces in
durable Terra Cotta.

Gadoway Terra CoTta Cb.

3214 WALNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA

New Colors

ARE you already acquainted with my
Gladiolus Primulinus? Nothing is
more elegant and beautiful than my Gladi-
olus Primulinus, with their artistically ar-
ranged flowers, and their Oriental colors.
And nothing is more bright and brilliant
than my Gladiolus Chautauqua Red.

Catalogue including Iris and Paeonias free
on request.

THE CHAUTAUQUA FLOWER FIELDS

C. Zeestraten, Prop.

Bemus Point New York

Three Remarkable Strawberries

Buckbee — The result of thirty-five yean; of hybridization.
Produces enormous, glossy red berries, similar in flavor to
Chesapeake. Buckbee is undoubtedly the best strawberry for
loDg distance shipping. $4.00 a dozen, $7.50 for 25, $13.50 for
50, $25.00 a 100. s

Kevitt ’s Jubilee— A prolific bearer of per- hvhVlTWJl BILEE.1

feet berries — dark red m color. lhis berry «— .... J

created a sensation when introduced. $2.50 a
dozen, $4 50 for 25, $8.00 for 50. $*5.00 a 100.

Beal — a great favorite. Fine form, large size
and wonderful flavor. $1.75 a dozen, $3.00 for
25. $5.50 for 50. $10.00 a 100.

Standard varieties such as Barrymore, Marshall
and Sharpless — prices on application.

We are Strawberry Specialists. Write for Special
Literature,

WM. M. HUNT & COMPANY
148 Chambers St. New York

{Continued from page i44)

I dig the first crop usually about the middle
of June, when they are well matured. The
ground is then prepared for a second crop. The p
seed is cut the right size for planting; a barrel is
set under a shed or in a cool shady place; a
layer of straw put in it, a layer of dirt over the
straw, finally a layer of potatoes; then another
layer of straw, dirt and potatoes, repeating until
the barrel is filled. Pour water over the top
layer of straw every day, keeping it wet all the
time. In about two weeks the potatoes begin to
sprout well; they should then be planted in deep

A FINE FALL CROP

The Red Bliss variety of Potato seems equally
well adapted to both early and late plantings

furrows and covered heavily to prevent them
from coming up too early as the hot summlr
sun would make them grow spindling. Whem
they begin to come up the ridges are harrowed
off with a drag harrow. Cultivation is then begun
and carried out the same as with the spring crop.

My fall crop of potatoes sometimes makes I;
better turnout of large, well formed tubers than
the spring crop, and the fall grown potatoes malje
better seed than the spring crop.

The picture illustrates a basket of the second
or fall crop of potatoes, grown by me last season.
They are the Red Bliss variety. All early
varieties do equally well for a second or fall
crop.

I believe that two crops of potatoes a year con
be successfully grown by this method in any of tl
states which have five months without frost.

J. M. Smith, Oklahoma. I

WITH MOTHER GOOSE IN THE
GARDEN

Sing a song o’ sixpence; a packet full of seeds, 1
A spade and trowel, rake and hoe are all a gar!
dener needs.

When the seed is cared for, into life it springs, I
And, oh, the flowers and veg’tables are gooJI
enough for kings.

******

I

I had a little hotbed. I cared for it each dayl
A neighbor kindly tended it when I went away!
We aired it, and watered it, and weeded with al
smile —

And soon I’ll set my lettuce out and beat him
by a mile.

153

Garden Magazine, April, 1921

¥ _ V

nese Fine Large Trees |
_ave Years of Waiting §

TT PAYS to plant Harrisons’

Large-Size Shade Trees
and Evergreens. You save
years of waiting and get
shapely specimens.

Probably you’ve been looking
for just such trees. You need
wait no longer. Here are a
few sample prices selected
from our large list:

Oriental Plane, t\ to 3 in. dia., $5ea.

Norway Maple, 2\ to 3 in. dia., $7 ea.

Carolina Poplar, 10 to 12 ft., $1 ea.

American Arbor Vitae, 8 to 10 ft. $8 ea .

Canadian Hemlock, 6 to 7 ft., $6 ea.

Every Harrisons’ Tree is guar-
anteed to be a healthy well-
shaped specimen.

Write for free Planting Guide
and complete price list of
nursery stock.

Norway Maples and Privet Hedge

Box 56
2 Berlin, Maryland

(.Trustworthy j
VTrees 4 Plants i

“Largest Growers of
Fruit Trees in
the World' ’

GOLDEN WEST

A California Variety that is in a class by itself, in its color — that rick,
bronzy yellow, with the scarlet shading, at the base of the petals and the centre.
A wonderful grower, strong and sturdy, with heavy, clean and healthy foliage,
and branching habit; producing the giant flowers freely on long, stiff stems.
It is the greatest seller as a cut flower; a winner for exhibition and a wonder
as a garden plant. Should be in every collection. Strong roots $i.oo each.

Our New Catalogue, The World's Best Dahlias

Dot onlv reproduces Golden West (cactus) and Queen Elizabeth (peony), in natural colors;
but, tells the plain truth about the world’s best new. rare and standard varieties, including
io WONDERFUL NEW CREATIONS NOW OFFERED FOR THE FIRST TIME.

TIIF LEADING DAHLIA CATALOGUE FREE. If you have not received a copy write to-day. A post-
card with your name and address will bring you a copy by return mail.

Mention Garden .Magazine and receive a colored plate, size
10x12 inehes, of the new Gold lledal Dahlia Patrick O’JIara.

PEACOCK DAHLIA FARMS, Berlin, New Jersey

Light, Efficient, Dependable
— Easy to Handle

The Moto-Mower is so simple in construction that
anyone can understand its operation in a few
moments — so easy to handle that it transforms an
irksome duty into a light, enjoyable task.

The Moto-Mower cuts as close to trees, flower-beds,
etc., as a hand mower. It is just as easy to guide.

A written guarantee accompanies every Moto-Mower.

MECHANICAL FEATURES

Engine, H. P. ; no gears, cams, or valves. Motor
has only three actual moving parts. Automatic
governor, automatic spark advance — one lever does
it all. Timken Adjustable Roller Bearing — Bound
Brook Oilless Bearings.

The Moto-Mower Co.

2033 Woodward Ave. Detroit, Mich.

Write for
Catalogue

I

154

Our Spring List of

Dahlias, Gladioli,
Lilies, Phlox, Iris

and other summer-
flowering bulbs and
hardy perennials is
now ready. Send for
it, and we will also
send later our Fall
Catalogue of the

Best Dutch Bulbs

procurable in this country^

FRANKEN BROTHERS
Box 152 Deerfield, III.

SEEDS

of Choice Alpines

Flowers of the Rockies and Prairies are
easily grown throughout the country
from fresh seeds which I collect. Rocky
Mountain Hardy Perennials will become
an interesting feature of any Hardy
Garden or Rockery.

Send for my price list NOJV.

Mrs. S. B. Walker

3857 Xavier St. Denver, Colo.

Colorado Wild Flowers —

HARDY PLANTS

For the Home Garden

Our Wisconsin climate is very severe which elimi-
nates many of the varieties that may be grown far-
ther east or south.

After years of experience and trial we have found many
choice varieties that will survive our winters with ordinary pro-
tection. These we offer you in our new illustrated catalogue,
**Hardy Plants for the Home Garden ”

While the number of varieties is not so great as to be con-
fusing, there are enough to satisfy your every need. Write
to-day.

Let's get acquainted

W. A. TOOLE

Garry-nee-Dute Baraboo, Wis.

The Garden Magazine, April, 79;

FLOWER

VEGETABLE

GRASS

SEEDS

Many of the most discriminating buyers
of seeds are our customers year after
year, because our seeds are procured
from the best sources in America and
Europe.

Send for Catalogue

Its 8o pages are profusely illustrated and con-
tain advice about what to plant, when to plant
and how to cultivate, with special planting
table and calendar. Write to-day.

HOSEA WATERER

Seed and Bulb Importer

101 S. 7th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

“Everything for Garden and Greenhouse’’

— GRAPE VINES —

Gooseberries Currants

Raspberries Strawberries

Best varieties. Well-rooted and vigorous plants.
Catalogue sent to you free. Write for it to-day

T. S. HUBBARD CO., Box 18, Fredonia, N. Y.

GREEN’S

TREES AND PLANTS

Everything for Garden and Orchard

SYRACUSE, the best red raspberry grown to-day, CACO,
a wonderful, large red grape. HONEYSWEET, a new black-
cap raspberry and ROCHESTER peach, are fine producers.

Trees True to Name. Apple, peach, pear, cherry, nut and
shade trees. Strawberry plants, raspberry, blackberry, goose-
berry and currant bushes, vines, shrubs, roses and orna-
mentals. Best varieties. 40 years’ producing better plants.
Buy direct. Save money.

Our illustrated catalogue free

GREEN’S NURSERY CO., Box 7, Rochester, N.Y.

HYBRID

Rhododendrons

Few garden shrubs possess the
beauty and usefulness of the
Rhododendron-Evergreen with
glossy laurel-like foliage; it has
a distinction of its own through
all four seasons, while early June
turns the spot into a fairyland of
vari-colored blooms.

We Have just published a little

RHODODENDRON Booklet

giving cultural hints and describ-
ing more than twenty-five of the
choicest varieties ranging in color
from white to crimson.

A copy of tfie Booklet will be mailed to you upon request I

Cottage Gardens Co., Inc. [

Nurseries

Queens, Long Island, New York

Moss Aztec Pottery j

Offers a wide choice of objects, from simple fern I
dishes and bud vases to impressive jardinieres I
and plant stands. Its predominating charac- I
teristic is refined elegance in designs and colors. I
A post card request will bring you the “Moss 1

Aztec” cata- 1
logue and
name of near- I
est dealer.

ZANE
POTTERY
COMPANY

So. Zanesville, 0. J

WANTED

We are in urgent need of two copies each of the U
Februaiy 1905 and October 1906 issues of Garden
Magazine. If you have these issues, and would J
like to dispose of them, please communicate with

The Editor, Garden Magazine, Garden City, N. Y.

LANDSCAPE SEKVICE

WILLIAM E. ALLEN

Landscape Architect

PLANS, ESTIMATES. DESIGNS. FOP. PRIVATE
ESTATES, PAP.KS, INSTITUTIONAL GROUNDS
5915 WELLESLEY AVENUE PITTSBURGH, PA.I

' - — 1

Don’t Wear
a Truss

Brooks’ Appliance, the

modern scientific invention, the
wonderful new discovery that
relieves rupture, will be sent
on trial. No obnoxious springs
or pads. mr. c. c. brooks

Brooks’ Rupture Appliance

Has automatic Air Cushions. Binds and
draws the broken parts together as you would
a broken limb. No salves. No lies. Durable,
cheap. Sent on trial to prove it. Protected by
U. S. patents. Catalog and measure blanks
mai ed free. Send narrt£ and address today.

Brooks Appliance Co.,275H State St., Marshall. Mich.

155

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

Gold Medal Gladioli—

The private gardens of Elmwood Terrace of-
fers from its magnificent collection of Gladioli, a
surplus of the varieties which won the Kunderd
Gold Medal and sixteen other prizes out of twenty
entries, at the last big show of the American
Gladiolus Society at Boston. One-hundred and
twenty-five Kunderd’s varieties and two-hundred
of the finest commercial varieties — Prices per
dozen and one-hundred on application.

The following special offers will be sent postpaid. All are
full sized bulbs grown for exhibition purposes:

1 each Mrs. D. Norton, White Glory, Orange Glory, Chal-
lenger (all Kunderd’s) #1.50.

2 each Myrtle, Mrs. Frank Pendleton, Mrs. W. E. Fryer, Mrs.
G. W. Moulton, Lilywhite, Marie Tennell (all Kunderd’s) #1.25.

3 each Best Violet, 1910 Rose, Summer Beauty Rose Bud.
Ida Van (Kunderd’s) #2.00.

1 each, Crimson Glow, Blue Jay, White Giant, Prince of
Wales, Goliath, Loveliness, $1.50.

3 each Red Emperor, Bertrex, Rosella,Pink Perfection, Golden
King, Niagara, $1.50.

100 Bulbs in Mixture, all fine named varieties, $5.00; 50
for #3.00.

MRS. M. B. HAWKS
Bennington

Vermont

YOU CAN HAVE A PERFECT LAWN

Two Weeks Earlier Than Your Neighbor

WONDERLAWN

REG U-S. PATENT Off.

GRASS SEED

is the result of 10 years ’ scientific, experimenting to perfect a mixture which
would quickly produce a permanent, sturdy turf of indisputable quality.

Wonderlawn Grass Seed transforms the grounds into a luxurious lawn
which remains green from early Spring to Christmas.

Your local dealer will gladly give you a testing sample. Should you not
know where to get it, write us and we shall be delighted to send you the name
of the nearest dealer to your home, who carries Wonderland Grass Seed.

ATLANTIC GRASS SEED COMPANY

46 West Broadway, New York

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiii

[ Gorgeous Iris Collection

20 Finest named varieties, separately labeled for
£5.00; value $8.50. Mixed Iris $1.00 per doz, $5.00
oer 100. We grow choice varieties of gladiolus,
dahlias, peonies, small fruits. Catalogue free.

THE RANSOM FARM Geneva, Ohio

V\slajj cLu/a/iff •Hoitr

So/nScoifteAAic

Originated and Introduced by

he Elm City Nursery Company f*

Woodmont Nurseries, Inc. ^

Box 191, New Haven, Conn.

ix-Barberry can be safely planted in
ring or fall.

Send for special Box-Barberry folder and
leral Nursery Catalogue.

Use It Now —

HSOPUS q

UMUO

The Essence of Fertility
to make this year’s soil rich and
productive.

Send for interesting literature.

SODUS HUMUS COMPANY

190 Main Street, Benton Harbor, Mich.

BUY YOUR DAHLIAS AND GLADIOLI
FROM A SPECIALIST

Our collections of Gladioli and Dahlias include only those vari-
eties of special merit. We should be pleased to send you a copy
of our 1921 catalogue. Our stocks are unsurpassed in quality.
Our prices are most reasonable.

N. A. HALLAUER, Ontario, Wayne County, N. Y.

FRUIT TREES

Berries, Grapes, Roses. Ornamental and Shade Trees

FLOWERING SHRUBS

Everything for the Orchard, Fruit-garden and Lawn

Buy Direct from the Grower

Wholesale prices. FREE Catalogue.

GROVER NURSERY CO.

94 Trust Bldg. Rochester, N. Y.

'fy&our -f’

Jjornards

Seeds

Catalog on request

The W. W. Barnard. Co.

SEEDSMEN >

231-235 W. Madison Sf-. Chicago

TWELVE IRIS

Worth Four dollars and forty cents ($4.40)
For Three dollars ($3.00)

Amols

Florentina Blue
Halfdan
Ingeborg
Mme. Chereau
Mrs. Neubrunner

Princess Victoria Louise
Queen of May
Sherwin- Wright
Rhein Nixe
Walneriana
Walhalla

Twelve Iris without names for $1.00.

I have Iris from 15 cents to $5.00 each.

Shall I send you my modest little price list?

Geo. N. Smith, Wellesley Hills 82, Mass.

Brooder for to TOO chicks No. j Poultry House for bo hens — 2 units Setting Coop

Hodgson Poultry Houses give ideal protection for house than a Hodgson, nor a house so easily and
your hens, proper ventilation, free entrance for the economically erected. Hodgson Poultry Houses

sun, stout, weather-tight construction of clean, ver- come in painted sections ready to bolt together,

min proof red cedar. You can’t get a better poultry Send for catalogue.

Y Portable E. F. Hodgson Co., Room 311, 71-73 Federal St.

HU L/VJOvJIN HOUSES Boston, Mass. 6 East 39th St., New York City.

1S6

Beautify Your Lawn
with this Gorgeous

HARDY BORDER

Planned and arranged by garden expert. 150
choice plants, 20 varieties, complete diagram
and planting instructions. Merely follow
directions and enjoy delightful sequence of
bloom from May to November! Price com-
plete, $25 f. o. b. Baltimore, securely boxed.

WE ALSO GROW EVERGREENS
AND FLOWERING SHRUBS
Foundation, background and decora-
tive plantings furnished for large or
small estates. Splendid stock grown
in rich Maryland Soil.

WRITE TO-DAY FOR HANDSOME BOOKLET

LOUDON-NURSERIES

Incorporated

H. Clay Primrose, President

3906 F rederick Avenue, Baltimore, Md.

Have you placed your order for

THE KING OF COMMERCE

The Greatest Cut-flou)er Dahlia of the Day?

STRONG DIVISIONS OF FIELD CLUMPS
$5.00 each; $50.00 per 12; usual discount to the Trade.

One root now will mean 4 to 6 roots for 1922 Season,
as it is a very strong grower and bulb producer.

INDIANA DAHLIA FARM, NEW ALBANY, IND.

1000 separate Varieties of Dahlias

THREE PIONEERS

WITHIN the span of a single month three
pioneer horticulturists, who in one way or
another were distinctly instrumental in focusing
attention upon definite plants that through
their efforts acquired great popularity, have
passed away.

OHN M. GOOD of Springfield, Ohio, the first
of these, was concerned in popularizing the
Rose. In 1889 he conceived the idea of offering
small Rose plants for a small price and thus
established in the “mail order plant” the nucleus
of what developed into an enormous business (at
Springfield, Ohio), the dimensions of which are
hardly realized by the public. Beginning with a
single house, Mr. Good’s establishment alone
grew to 56 houses each 200 ft. long, and others in
the neighborhood followed in his footsteps.
The Rose was not his only interest; he was one of
the first to specialize in the Peony, also, until
the area devoted to that plant expanded to 56
acres. However, he introduced only one variety
and that bears his name, John M. Good.

The fact that own-root Roses are produced
quickly and at a low cost induced Mr. Good to
develop his business until his establishment
was producing and distributing nearly 4,000,000
own-root Roses each year.

JOHN LEWIS CHILDS of Floral Park,

) New York, who died March 5th, will ever
be remembered so long as the Gladiolus is grown.
Early in his business career he seized upon the
European hybrids of the Gladiolus species that
were then being introduced. Appreciating the
possibility and adaptability of this strain for the
American climate, he acquired possession of the
stock and subsequently introduced it on a large
scale as Gladiolus Childsii, a type that has now
spread all over the world, and up to the last
Mr. Childs maintained his lead as producer of
stock of that particular strain. He also grew
other strains on an equally large scale and his
gardens were, indeed, among the world’s head-
quarters for the flower that he had made his
own.

Apart from his horticultural affiliations, Mr.
Childs was a naturalist of recognized standing,
and possessed an unique library of the flora and
fauna of the United States and an exceptionally
valuable collection of stuffed birds.

Another interest in which Mr. Childs’s per-
sonality showed to advantage was his great
sympathy with the school children, and he did
much in promoting children’s gardens through-
out his community.

Mr. Childs’s Gladiolus business was a few years
ago removed to Flowerfield, Long Island, where
each year- approximately 100 acres are devoted
exclusively to Gladiolus, from which are shipped
approximately 25,000 flowers each day to New
York and other cut flower markets.

OP. BASSETT, the third and last of this
• trio, died in California where he had recent-
ly made his home as a grower of seedling Palms for
the trade. In his earlier years he was known
in the East as a Rose grower for the cut flower
market; and he it was who first saw and appre-
ciated the possibilities of the American Beauty,
which may justly be said to have been the foun-
dation of the Rose cut flower industry in the
United States.

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

=

RAKE

ORIENTAL

FLOWERING

TREES

FROM JAPAN, CHINA

AND PERSIA

Send for our
catalogue in
color

A.E-WOHLERT

Uhe GARDEN Nil RSERIES

cJ\arberth <Pa.

ft 111 1 The noblest,

Khododendrons

green. Kalmias, Ferns, Iris, Box Edging, Japan-
ese Barberry, Spiraea. Fine heavy stock.

AMHERST NURSERY

Box 79A , Amherst, Mass.

ANDORRA

Ornamentals exclusively
distinctive in quality and
variety for street park
and all civic planting
6\Ve cater to the most
discrmmiating trade.

HaVe you seen ANDORRA?

Edith Ripley Kennaday
Consultant in

Practical and Decorative Gardening

Naturalistic Plantings

Perennial Plantings Shrubbery Plantings

The charm oflittle gardens and the balance and beauty of
larger gardens are due to careful thought and consideration

STUDIO 22M 119 East 19th Street, New York City

ROSES

FAIRFAX ROSES are widely known for their
exquisite beauty, deep fragrance of delicate re-
finement— and long life.

Fairfax Rose plants are nurtured under natural condi-
tions— outdoors — wintered, and acclimated to all cli-
mates; tough canes and vigorous roots impart a hardi-
ness to Fairfax plants which assures thriving growth any-
where, and a full, free and beauteous bloom the first
season.

New Fairfax Rose Book Free

Send for new Rose-Book, containing beautiful illustra-
tions and descriptions of roses — ROY AL ROSES OF
PURITY AND BEAUTY — with valuable facts on grow-
ing roses.

W. R. GRAY

Box 6 Oakton, Fairfax County Virginia

ANDORRA

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

157

—Rare Alpines®-!

Owners of Rock Gardens will, no
doubt, be delighted to hear that we
can offer them such rarities as the
following: Ramondia pyrenaica, Saxi-
fraga Splendens, Erodium trico mane-
folium, Hypericum reptans, Dianthus
caesius Arvernensis, Auricula alpina,
Primula Crispa, Campanula Wald-
steiniana, C. pusilla, C. carpathica
“Isabel,” Aethionema stylosum and
many others.

Our Catalogue offers more genuine
rareties in hardy plants than any other
catalogue of equal size published in this
country. Such is the assurance we con-
stantly receive from enthusiastic new
patrons. May we count you among
them? The catalogue is free of course.

Wolcott Nurseries

Jackson Michigan

For Unusual Hardy Plants, write to

Wolcott’s

Don’t Remove Weeds — Kill Them!

Kill the weeds — tops and root

€3302^

WEED KILLER

keeps the paths and driveways looking neat always. Sprinkle it
about in the ordinary way, and it kills the weeds and grass,
and renders the soil immune from them for months.

$2.00 for the gallon can

Your dealer has it. Or we’ll send it postpaid on receipt of price

1HarLaa

frye- /'THE 5 ANITAS COMPANY \ L

r'' / 33 REAP STREET. BRCOtUA'N, N.Y. s.

Sturtevant’s

Ready Reference Cards

The Usual Garden Information PLUS!

Three sets with 25 5x3 cards to a set. and every one of
the 20 odd lines on each card worth while. The Small
Place, its plan and planting; The Harden and its occu-
pants; Vegetables and their culture

R. S. Sturtevant. Wellesley Farms. Mass.

“Homing with the Birds” ( by Gene Stralton-
Porter.) A delightfully readable and intimale study of
bird life. Net, $2.50, at all bookstores.

Earlier Than You Evei
Had Before

Hundreds of Market Gardener
are more than doubling thei
profits by using my wonderfu
Plant Forcing devices. Don’t bi
satisfied with a garden like thi
other fellow — beat him to it

No matter how backward thi
spring, it's easy with

The Ball Seed & Plant Forcer

cheap enough to use them by the thousands. Send for my Beautiful Free
BOOK. IIO>V to GROW BIGGER. BETTER and EARLIER CROPS than you
ever had before. It gives you gardening information found in no other pub-
lication. It tells you how you can have a garden with flowers in full bloom
and vegetables for your table a month earlier than you ever had before. Just
drop me a postcard and I’ll send you your copy by return mail.

THE BALL MANUFACTURING COMPANY
Department “E” Glenside, Pa.

TOWNSENDS’

TRIPLEX

Floats Over the Uneven
Ground as a Ship Rides
the Waves

The Greatest Grass-
cutter on Earth, cuts a
Swath 86 inches wide.
S. P. TOWNSEND & CO.

248 Glenwood Ave.,
Bloomfield, N. J.

Drawn by one horse and operated by one man, the
TRIPLEX MOWER will mow more lawn in a day
than the best motor mower ever made, cut it better
and at a fraction of the cost. Drawn by one horse
and operated by one man, it will mow more lawn in
a day than any three ordinary horsedrawn mowers

with three horses and three men. One mower may
be climbing a knoll, the second skimming a level and
the third paring a hollow. Does not smash the grass
to earth and plaster it in the mud in springtime nor
crush out its life between hot rollers and hard hot
ground in summer as does the motor mower.

The Public is Warned not to purchase mowers infringing the Townsend Patent No. 1,209,519, Dec. 19, 1916.

Send for Catalogue illustrating all types of TOWNSEND MOWERS

SHOW GARDENS

ASTERS - DAHLIAS - GLADIOLUS

12 dozen named Asters — 12 varieties, 144 plants. The finest the world has produced to date $1.00

The 12 finest and freest blooming Dahlias in our collection of over 500 varieties 1.00

44 World Famed Gladiolus Hybrids — one of the greatest flowers in the world for your garden 1.00

The three collections — 200 fine plants and bulbs — $2.50

Ask for our money-making Show Garden Proposition and grow flowers for
profit. We show you how to start a flower business with small capital.

NATIONAL SHOW GARDENS

No. 1 Lovers Lane Spencer, lnd., U. S. A.

SALAD SECRETS

100 recipes. Brief but complete. 15c by mail. 100 Meat-
less recipes 15c. 50 Sandwich recipes 15c. All three 50c.

B. O. BRIGGS, 250 Madison St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

“ Charlie has gained strength
and self-reliance and is a happy,
busy boy since the pony came"

FUN AND HEALTH

A boy or girl can get more fun,
physical development and ruddy
health out of a pony than from any
other source, and more real happi-
ness than he or she is apt to
get out of a fortune in later life.
Complete Outfit*. Your satisfaction
is guaranteed. Particulars on request.

BELLE MEADE FARM
Dept. 8 Belle Meade, Y'a.

£l>skNeon SPRAYING

Explains 20 uses for Sprayers on the average farm. Tells how
and when to spray fruit trees, vines, potatoes, flowers, shrubs,
plants. How to kill tree insects, save lawns, spray animals, dis-
infect premises, put out fires, clean floors, spray paint, whitewash,
remove old wall paper and many other uses. Write for this Free
Book to-day.

CROP saving

iHH SPRAYERS

Spray better — do more work. The Hudson No. 31 Ideal Outfit develops
higher pressure than other wheel-barrow sprayers. Note pressure tank.
No need to pump constantly. Easy for one man to handle. This outfit is
■ especially adapted for spraying medium-size orchards and vineyards, for
whitewashing and spraying animals.

Write for the Free Book and Hudson Catalog To-day.

HUDSON MANUFACTURING CO.

Dept. 3919 Minneapolis, Minn.

158

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

The Red Book of Seeds

Your name on a postal card
will bring it.

MEAD & WOODWARD

Box 37S Norwalk, Ohio

Plant

HAVE BABY COMFY

In Gordon .Motor Crib. More pleasure for you when motoring with
baby tucked snuggly in this convenient crib. "The safest way, the doc-
tors say.” Crib easily strapped in any touring car. Spring arrange-
ment absorbs all shocks over roughest roads. Hood when raised, pro-
tects against weather. Fold crib flat or detach when Hot in use. Parcel
post prepaid if no dealer near.

Send for illustrated booklet and dealer's name
Gordon Motor Crib Co., *219 North State St., Dept., 42, Chicago

Japanese Garden

Made in short time in all
styles to harmonize with
American ground.

T. R. OTSUKA

300 South Michigan Ave.,
Chicago, 111.

Blueberries for Pleasure and Profit

The Blueberry is among the finest of fruits, in fact the very finest of all berries for pies, but is almost
unknown in the average garden. This is due to the scarcity of nursery grown plants, the only kind that
transplant easily. We have to offer this Spring some beautiful nursery grown plants, ideal for suo
cessful results in the home garden, the plants being very hardy, rapid growers and heavy bearers. A
dozen plants should be plenty for the average family.

Blueberries can be planted most successfully in the Spring. We feel confident that every customer
of ours will wish to take advantage of this offer and secure at least a few of the plants for his or her
garden.

It is almost impossible to find a description of its flavor. It is safe to say that the Blueberry is in a
class by itself, with its delicious melting flesh, full of rich creamy juice and a delicate wild taste all its
own. Next Summer when you are eating luscious Blueberry pies made from berries picked from
your own bushes you will appreciate the wisdom of your purchase.

WRITE for our beautiful Spring Catalogue illustrated in colors.

J. G. MAYO & CO., 907 E. & B. Bldg., Rochester, N. Y.

By erecting Houses for useful Birds, and getting rid of
>. SparrowPest,

you will have
good Garden
Allies.

3 Bird
Houses for
$5.00.

Parcel Post weight 10 lbs.

CRESCENT CO., “ Birdville ”
Toms River P. O. N. J.

Crescent Sparrow Trap $5.00, and
Post charges, size 18" x 18".
Weight 9 lbs.

Until You’ve Had
a Water Garden

you can’t imagine how much pleas-
ure you can get out of Water Lilies,
aquatic plants and a few gold fish.

Water Lilies

with their wonderful colors, delicate
textures, and fragrant odors, are with-
out doubt the most charming blooms
you can obtain; whether grown in a
tub or in a large pool, they never fail
to attract the garden visitor.

Get our catalogue for details — we’ll

THE ROMANCE OF OUR TREES by Ernest H. Wilson, M. A., V. M. H.

For tree lovers and book lovers both. Limited edition. Illustrated. Net $10.00

CONCENTRATED

MANURES

— Unequaled natural fertilizer for lawn, flower
and vegetable gardens, fruit and field crops.

A NATURAL FERTILIZER

completely sterilized by a special high temperature direct heat process — weed seed,
fungus or disease germs effectually destroyed — then screened and pulverized into the
richest kind of natural fertilizer — packed in ioo lb. bags for convenient handling and
shipment. Insist on Wizard Brand at your seed store or write for booklet and prices.

Give your gardens a chance to do their best! Prompt shipments
—at moderate cost. Write to-day. TRY IT THIS SPRING!

The Pulverized Manure Co., 20 Union Stockyards, Chicago, 111.

THE LIGHT BRAHMA

FOR THE COUNTRY ESTATE

Is the Largest and Most Beautiful of All Breeds, Unsurpassed as an Ornamen-
tal Feature and Unexcelled as a Combination Egg Laying and a Table Fowl

The high quality of my birds was again demonstrated at Madison Square Garden, January,
1921, by winning 1st Cock, 2nd and 4th Hen, 4th Cockerel, 2nd Pullet, 1st and 4th Old
Pen and 2nd Young Pen. At Philadelphia, The American Light Brahma Club National
Meeting, I won 2nd on Cock, 1st and 4th Hen, 5th Cockerel, 1st Pullet, 1st, 4th and 5th
on Pen, and 3 Specials, and Cups. At Syracuse, N. Y., the Premier of all state shows and
in strong competition they were awarded First, Second, and Third Cock; First and Second
Hen; First, Second, and Third Cockerel ; First and Second Pullet; First and Second Old
Pen; First and Second Young Pen; Special for Best Display, and other specials. At Tren-
ton, N. J., Hanover, Pa., and Mineola, L. I., I won more points than any other exhibitor.
Send for folder telling about them. Stock for sale and eggs in season.

C. W. EVERITT HUNTINGTON, LONG ISLAND

Reference: Nassau County Trust Co., Mineola. L. I. Bufri’ofhin Itantams — At Madison Square Garden,
1921, I won 2nd, and 5th Cock, 1st and 2nd Hen, 2nd and 4th Cockerel. 2nd and 3rd Pullet.

The Standard Books on
Garden Planning

Home Vegetable Gardening From A to Z. By

Adolph Kruhm. Illustrated. Net, $1.50
All the things the gardener must know about seeds,
planting, cultivation and harvesting of vegetables, are
to be found in this book— the best varieties, what time to
plant, how much to plant to produce a definite amount.
200 detailed photographs showing all the processes.

The Complete Garden. By Albert D. Taylor,

M. S. A. Illustrated with photographs, charts, Net, $6.00
The most comprehensive book on garden planning ever
published. Covers practically all parts of the country.
Over 400 pages of text; a complete index; cross refer-
enced lists; a complete bibliography; a complete glos-
sary of terms. An indispensable hand book and guide.

The American Flower Garden. ByNeltje Blan-
chan. Planting Lists By Leonard Barron. Popular
Edition. Illustrated, Indexed, Net, $j.oo
The romance of the garden is delightfully depicted in
charming and readable style in “The American Flower
Garden,” which is an authoritative book for the owner
of a garden, little or big. There are 84 illustrations of
the subjects presented, four of them in colour.

The Garden Blue Book. By Leicester B. Holland.

200 Illustrations. Net, $5.00

Covers mass, height, foliage, color, etc. in their rela-
tions to one another, and a unique color chart pro-
vide^ a guide to continuous bloom through the season.
A complete book of reference containing all the needed
information about the two hundred hardy perennials.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.

GARDEN CITY NEW Y0RK

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

159

—Keep Your Garden—

Free from Weeds

There’s an easy way to get rid of them. It saves
the moisture— Makes your vegetables GROW.

BARKER

We«der, Mulcher and Cultivator
3 Garden Tools in 1

Kills the weeds and breaks the hardest crust into a level, por-
ous, moisture -retaining mulch — all in one operation. Eight
reel blades revolve against a stationary underground knife —
like a lawn mower. “Best Weed Killer Ever Used.**
Cuts runners. Aerates the soil. Works right up to
plants. Has leaf guards, also shovels for deeper culti-
vation. A boy can run it— do more and better work
than ten men with hoes. Five sizes. Inexpensive.

Write TODAY for free illustrated
book and special Factory -to- User
offer.

BARKER MFG. CO.

Dept 11, David City, Neb.

Your Dealer Can Supply You

Aphine. It is the safest form of “insect insurance.’’
The best remedy known for green, black, white fly,
thrips and soft scale. Easily applied — Effective.
Fungine. For rust, mildew and all sorts of blights.
Vermine. Sure eradicator for insects affecting plant
roots.

APHINE MANUFACTURING CO.
Madison New Jersey

BEAUTIFUL DAHLIAS FOR 1921

Special offer — 12 distinct varieties of exhibition dahlias. Fancy cactus,
decorative, and Paeony types. 12 colors. Labeled. S 1.00 Postpaid.

Results and Recreation are Yours

— And the cost of owning and operating a Sunlight Double-
Glazed Greenhouse is small compared with the abundant yield
of vegetables and flowers under the heat-retaining Double-
Glazing.

The working principle of Double-Glazing is based on two
layers of glass with a f inch dead-air space between, forming
a transparent “ blanket ” which lets in all the light and retains
the heat, insuring ealier and hardier plants.

Sunlight Double-Glazed Greenhouses are shipped in perfectly
fitted sections, ready to put up — no experience required.
Sunlight Double-Glazed Sash on a Sunlight Greenhouse are
interchangeable to Hot Beds and Cold Frames at will.

W rite for our complete Sunlight Catalogue giving full particulars

SUNLIGHT DOUBLE-GLASS SASH CO.

Division Alfred Struck Co., Inc.

•927E Broadway Est. 1860 Louisville, Ky.

Catalogue and Prices on Request

BROOK IRON WORKS, INC.
37 BARCLAY STREET
NEW YORK CITY

We make and erect FENCE for Lawns,

Division Lines, Orchards, Gardens, Farms, Tennis
Court Inclosures, Poultry and
Dog Runs.

Entrance Gates
Rose Arches

Here’s Another Real Bargain

20 choice double dahlias. Beautiful cactus and decorative varieties.
Si. 00 Postpaid.

150 Dahlia Seed. Saved from finest varieties, 2 Sc Pkt. 1921 catalogue
sent free on request.

ENTERPRISE DAHLIA FARM, Harry L. Pyle, Atco, New Jersey

AWAY WITH THE CESSPOOL

Secure all the sanitary comforts of a
city building.

The Aten Sewage Disposal Sys-
tem allows continuous use of wash-
stands, bathtubs, toilets, sinks,
showers, etc. Simple to install,
nothing to get out of order.

Our booklet
No. 11 tells
how and
why. Sent

free upon * ' Aten

request. Sewage Disposal Co.

286 Fifth Ave., New York City

School of Horticulture for Women (Inc.)

Ambler, Pennsylvania

(18 miles from Philadelphia)

Twelve Weeks’ Course in Floriculture, Vegetable
Gardening, Fruit Growing, Poultry, Bees, Canning
and Preserving, Farm Crops and Animals, beginning
April 5th. Lectures and practical work. Circular
on application. _.

Elizabeth Leighton Lee, Director.

NEW M. MELON “OKA”

BA selection from the famous
Montreal Musk Melon crossed
with a red-fleshed variety. Easier
to grow than the Montreal
Market, bears large fruit up to
10 lbs., bright salmon colored
flesh, very thick and the richest
flavored melon in the market.

DUPUY & FERGUSON, Montreal, Canada

Dahlias of Quality and Distinction

The newest and best varieties grown. Write for our
1921 catalogue with Special Collections.

DAHLIADEL NURSERIES
Warren W. Maytrott Vineland, New Jersey

Horsford’s Cold Weather Plants

When you get nursery stock from Vermont you
can be sure that it is hardy. Our Hardy Plants,
Wild Flowers, Lilies, Orchids, Hardy Ferns, Vines,
Shrubs, and Trees which we grow here have always
given satisfaction when properly set. Trees and
Shrubs that we have found tender in severe win-
ders have been discarded from our lists. Ask for our
New Annual before making up your list of wants.

F. H. Horsford Charlotte, Vermont

RE-MOVE-ABLE STEEL

CLOTHES POSTS &< FLAG POLES

COST LESS THAN WOOD

No holes to dig. Won’t disfigure
lawn. Set it yourself in steel socket,
driven in ground. Posts of rust-
proof, galvanized steel tubing filled
with concrete, instantly removed.
Cannot decay, lasts a life time.
Eetter and cheaper than wood.
Also makers of
REMOVABLE STEEL

TENNIS NET POSTS

on similar plan.

Ask dealers or write us for folder G.

NEWARK STEEL POST CO.
West Orange, N. J.

[ Does a Horse’s Work Better and Faster j

BEEMAN TRACTOR COMPANY

306 Sixth Ave., South Minneapolis, Minn.

REEMAN

Multi-Service Tractor A ^

Works for eight cents an hour in the field — four cents for
4 H. P. belt work. Plows, harrows, disks, cultivates, plants,
pulls mower, wagon, etc. Perfect power for narrow row cultivation.
Goes exactly where you want it.

America’s First Successful Small Tractor

Proved by four years’ actual use. Write for let-
ters from users — gardeners, florists, orchardists,
farmers, owners of big estates and suburban tracts. See
your Beeman dealer or write for handsome folder.

160

The Garden Magazine, April, 1921

THE HEIGHT OF
DAHLIA SPLENDOR

The wonderful new Gold Medal Decorative Dahlia
Patrick O’Mara, is now offered for the first time.

The flowers are a rare and beautiful autumn shade of orange-
buff, slightly tinged with Neyron Rose, 8 inches or more in
diameter, on strong stems that support the flowers well above
the plants.

At the trial grounds of the American Dahlia Society at the
Connecticut State Agricultural College, 1920, it received the
highest score, in competition with the world’s best dahlias.
This was under ordinary field culture. Every grower can
equal or exceed this result.

’fT' ¥7’ Beautiful Picture, suitable for framing,

X1 size io by 12 inches, of this Dahlia in

natural size and colors sent on request.

RICHARD VINCENT, JR., & SONS CO.

White Marsh, Maryland

Home LANDSCAPE GARDENING

EN BOOKS, in attractive container,
140 illustrations. ORDER TO-
DAY. SEND NO MONEY. Read
5 days FREE, then remit $7-50
(price in full) or return books.

GARDEN PRESS Dept. B
Davenport Iowa

10 VOLUMES 5 DAYS APPROVAL

Suitable Designs of Iron Fence and
Gates for town houses, suburban homes,
country estates and all other properties.

We invite correspondence with those
who are interested. Estimates furnished.

The Stewart Iron Works Co., Inc.

“The World’s Greatest Iron Fence Builders”
220 Stewart Block, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Sales and Construction Representatives
in Principal Cities.

WRITE FOR BOOK OF DESIGNS.

CHISHOLM’S Superfine Lawn Mixture com-
posed of finest selected, dwarf perennial ever-
green lawn grasses; wears well and looks well
right through the summer.

Lb. 50c; bushel (20 lbs.) $7.50.

My Book on “How to make a Lawn” supplied
free to all buyers of one bushel of Seed.

GEO. H. CHISHOLM

Grass and Turf Specialist

TARRYTOWN N. Y.

BUFFALO

Portable Fencing System

Build enclosures of any size for chickens, rabbits and
other pets, with BUFFALO PORTABLE FENCING.
Keep them away from flowers. Permit rotation of yards,
rj’wyuu. ■vbmm- The BUFFALO PORTABLE
wmmKmmM* FENCING SYSTEM is light,

strong and neat in appearance.
Easy to put up and easy to shift.

| No heavy tools needed.

WRITE for illustrated Booklet No. 70 C. Mailed
upon receipt of 6c. postage.

BUFFALO WIRE WORKS CO.

467 Terrace (Formerly Scheeler’s Sons) BUFFALO, N. Y.

lave a Beautiful Blooming Garden

from April until October

by planting our reliable

Irises, Peonies
and Gladioli

We are growers and importers of the choice
varieties. Over 600 varieties of Irises.

RAINBOW GARDENS

801-2 Commerce Bldg., St. Paul, Minn.

Send for our FREE illustrated catalogue

Pulverized Sheep Manure

Best for Lawns and Gardens

Nature’s Own Plant Food -.o'SBaA*»e

For all crops. Especially good for
lawns, gardens, etc., where quick
and certain results are necessary.

Used extensively for small fruits, n
shrubbery, etc. Rich in nitro-
gen, phosphoric acid and potash,
also adds humus.

Sheep’s Head Brand

guaranteed absolutely clean — nothing but sheep manure — free
from weed seeds which are killed by heat. Dried and pulver-
ized for easy application. Circular and prices on request.

NATURAL GUANO CO., 8%*Xsin.£et’

PITTSFIELD

PlIRE-BRED DAY-OLD-CHICKS

11th Annual Price Reduction

Tell us how many chicks you want, what breed, and
when you want them, when you write for prices. We
also reserve chicks if desired.

FIVE GREAT UTILITY BREEDS

S. C. Rhode Island Reds, Barred Plymouth Rocks,
S. C. White Leghorns, White Plymouth
Rocks, White Wyandottes.

Do not delay writing for our catalogue and reduced
prices. No money is required with your order. Safe
delivery is assured. Write to-day to the

PITTSFIELD POULTRY FARMS CO.

292 Main Street Holliston, Mass.

HOME ATTRACTIONS

Suitable and Suggestive for Beautifying
Home Grounds with

Pergolas, Rose Arbors, Lattice Fences,
Garden Houses and Garden Accessories

Our illustrated catalogue contains just the
things required to lend cheer and pleasure to
the surroundings of home.

(When writing enclose
ioc and ask for catalogue
“H-33”)

Hartmann-Sanders Co.

Factory, Showroom
and Main Office:

2155-87 Elston Ave.
Chicago, 111.
Eastern Office and
Showroom:

6 East 39th Street
New York City

CALIFORNIA DAHLIAS

The Latest and Best

Our New Introductions. Illustrated Catalogue

ADVANCE DAHLIA GARDENS

Box E, Compton, California

The Glen Road Iris Gardens

Grace Sturtevant, Prop.

Wellesley Farms, Massachusetts

GROWERS AND ORIGINATORS OF FINE VARI-
ETIES OF BEARDED IRIS

Become a LANDSCAPE
,0, ARCHITECT

profession — ^

Inexpensive. Easy to master. Large income. Diploma awarded
Special proposition to HOME OWNERS and Plan for beauti-
fying your property. Write to-day. L. W. Fisk, President.

AMERICAN LANDSCAPE SCHOOL, 24-M, Newark, New York

Verona Bird Houses BrjTi?dshe

No country' place is complete without bird houses. The
one here shown, for bluebirds or Wrens, has four
rooms. Socket in bottom for pole makes it easy to
erect. If suspended for Wrens the socket is covered
by a rosette. Sure to please both birds and purchaser.

No. 36. Price $6.00

Give the birds a few
log houses just such
as they find in the
natural forest, fi.20
each, three for $3.00.

no. 35 no. 47 no. 48

A Charming Birdbath

Stone

Fifteen inches square
three inches thick, hol-
lowed out round, two
and one half inches
deep in center sloping
to three-eights at edge.
Inexpensive, Practical,
Artistic.

Price, $2.50. Three for $6.75.

Prices f.o.b. Verona. List on request.

W. H. BAYLES 22 Park Ave., Verona, New Jersey

The Worth-While New

ROSES for 1921

ROSES have been our favorites since we started our pioneer work of introducing New and Better Plants into American Gardens. Early
1 in our business life we formed alliances with the foremost Rose Specialists throughout the world. As the result, the name of Totty
has become esteemed throughout this country as a synonym for the Best among Roses.

We offer you herewith the choicest among the choice new Roses introduced lately. In many respects they represent the crowning
achievement of many years of Specialists’ efforts. The plants we supply will satisfy the most exacting.

Madam Butterfly—

Foliage and habit of growth and blooming are un-
surpassed by any existing variety. The individual
bud is large and the color tints form a rich harmony
of bright pink, apricot and gold. It is far superior
to Ophelia, and surpasses it in every way.

Price: $2.50 per plant, $25.00 per doz.

Frank W. Dunlop-™'

flowers are very large and there are no malformed
buds, even the strongest shoots produce perfect
flowers. Flowers average about forty-five petals.
One of the strong points in favor of Dunlop >s its
keeping and shipping qualities. Flowers shipped
from Canada to New York kept in splendid condi-
tion for nine days afterward. So far as its behavior
outdoors is concerned this variety was a glow of
color in our garden from the beginning of the season
until early frost.

Price: $2.50 per plant, $25.00 per doz.

Either of the above will be supplied in dormant plants, through-
out April or, during May arul June, in strong, 5-in. pot plants.

Golden Ophelia J*

last year that we were unable to fill all orders. This
year, however, we have a splendid stock and we
know it will prove itself the premier yellow Garden
Rose. It is freer in growth, hardier, and of much
better color than Lady Hillingdon.

Price: $2.50 each per plant, $25.00 per doz., for two
year old, 5-in. pot plant. May 15th delivery.

Mrc Inhn PonL- Originated with

mrs. jonn cook John Cook> who

gave us such sterling varieties as Radiance, My
Maryland, Francis Scott Key, etc. Color is prac-
tically white, occasionally when the weather is cool
in the fall, flushed with pink, making a dainty
bloom. This will become a popular light colored
Garden Rose, when better known.

Price: $2.50 per plant, $25.00 per doz., for two-year-

old, 5-in. pot plant. Delivery May 15th, onward.

Paul’s Scarlet Climber —

Of exceptional merit. While classified as a Climber,
it is more of a Pillar Rose because the strong basal
shoots are only of medium length, with the result
that the plant every year is a solid mass of the most
vivid scarlet color. The flowers are medium in size,
semi-double and carry from three to six flowers on
each spray. Awarded several gold medals and,
when better known, it will become one of the most
sought-for Roses for our gardens. Our stock of this
variety is extra fine. Strong three-year-old plants,
from 5-in. pots; delivery May 15th, onward.

Madam Butterfly — a Glorified Ophelia

Price: $2.50 per plant, $25.00 per doz.

Special Offer:— I,'<Jividua! ,Plants °f “nv °f

r above varieties are $2.50 each,

$25.00 per dozen. We will, however, send one plant of
each of the five varieties, for $10.00. The entire five
varieties must be purchased to obtain this special price,
which is made to introduce the finest in Rosedom to
Garden Magazine Readers.

May We Serve You, as Recognized Headquarters for
Novelties of Merit?

Whether it is a better Dahlia, a more glorious Chrysanthemum, a finer Gladiolus, Rose, Iris, Canna
or whatnot, if it ’s really new and better, we have it! We also specialize in Hardy Plants. Delphiniums
belong among our particular pets and we offer some very fine new seedling hybrids that hold their
own with the choicest of Europe.

Learn to think of Totty’s as Headquarters for the Best among New Plants

Madison. New Jersey

CHAS. H. TOTTY COMPANY

urpee’s Dahlias

Coppersmith

Burpee’s Novelty
for 1921

COPPERSMITH Dahlia is an
ideal garden variety which is
unsurpassed for cutting or general
decorative work. The habit of the
plant is perfect, the growth sturdy
and upright and only of medium
height.

Coppersmith blooms early and
continuously and is most floriferous.
The plants are literally smothered
with flowers, which are borne clear
above the foliage on stiff, wiry stems.
In type it is midway between Peony-
flowered and Duplex.

One of the outstanding features
of Coppersmith is its glorious Aut-
umn color, which may be des-
cribed as a pleasing shade
of light copper or bronze
with a glistening-like suffu-
sion of salmon-yellow. The
reverse side of the petals is
reddish-bronze.

For the past three sea-
sons Coppersmith has been
one of the most admired
varieties in our Dahlia fields
at Fordhook. Although bril-
liant in daytime, the unique
color of Coppersmith is intensi-
fied under artificial light. Award-
ed Certificate of Merit at the Dahlia
Show of the Pennsylvania Horti-
cultural Society September, 1920.

Strong Roots, $2.00 each ; 3 for $5.00
$20.00 per dozen postpaid.

WAtlee Burpee Co.

Seed Growers Philadelphia

THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, N. Y.

HM

Rustic and Suburban Planting - Vines for Dwellings
Gardeners, Color Charts The City Man’s Orchard in the Country

Doubled ay , Dage &* C0WPc7ny^ “ Qarden C7ty-> PKj'to Yorl^

Get the Full Joy
of Gardening

by having the right things to work with. Cheap
shabby hose is a constant temptation to let the
garden go thirsty. Good hose, properly cared for,
is a joy to use and will last for years. Ask your
dealer to show you our three standard brands of
fths garden hose sold at good hardware stores
throughout the country.

Bull Dog

Highest quality garden
hose made. 7 plies of
strong cotton cloth held
together with live rub-
ber. Lengths bought 1 4-
years ago still in use.

Good Luck

Made like Bull Doc,
but with 6 plies instead
of 7. Lightest garden
hose to lift and lightest
on the purse.

Milo

Moulded hose with a
corrugated cover. As
nearly kink-proof as gar-
den hose can be made.

We have reprinted a funny book about garden hose by Mr. Ellis Parker Butler, author of
“ Pigs is Pigs.” The name of it is “Millingham’s Cat Fooler.” We send it ffee upon request

BOSTON WOVEN HOSE AND RUBBER COMPANY

156 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

161

and Hyacinths. We are issuing our 1921 Fall Catalogue on
May 1st, so that we may gauge as nearly as possible the number
of Dutch bulbs we must bring over from our Hillegom nurseries. This
advertisement is especially for the purpose of inviting you to send for
this catalogue and also as an invitation to visit our Babylon nurseries
any time between May 1st and 24th, when we expect the best
Tulip bloom. If you cannot visit our nurseries, this catalogue
will be a great aid in selecting your bulbs, as it catalogues a
very complete list of all that is select, useful and rare in Dutch
Bulbs. In our new catalogue we have tried to give as accurate
a description of flowers as possible. There are some interest-

English and Holland Daffodils

We are offering this year a number of varieties of English and Holland Daffodils, unobtainable heretofore
in America. These rare Daffodils are little known in America, where they thrive in naturalistic settings
like the one pictured below. We grow these Daffodils in our Hillegom nurseries and have selected only
the very choicest for our American trade. Our new catalogue gi\ es complete descriptions of varieties

Tulips

Hyacinths — Narcissi — Crocuses
Exhibition Bulbs Only

“From Grower to Consumer”

We grow our own Dutch bulbs in our Hillegom, Holland, nurseries ;
directly to American gardeners. There are no middle man's profits wl
Bourgondien Bulbs. The “Best Possible” bulb service is our aim.

May is the best month of all to plant DAHLIAS and GLADIOLI. See o
in February and March issues of GARDEN MAGAZINE.

Van Bourgondien Bros

Babylon, L. I., New York

Nurseries at Hillegom, Holland and Babylon, Long Island

We guarantee all bulbs, roots and plants to grow and to be true to name. We will replace any bulb, roots or plant if
found otherwise. If order is accompanied by cash, we prepay all charges EAST of the
Mississippi — WEST of that 25% should be added.

IP

n

m

Rare Daffodils — Tulips — Hyacinths

162

May is Dahlia Planting Time

There is still ample time to secure the best in Dahlias. For
fifty years John Lewis Childs, Inc., has kept in the front line
of Dahlia progress. Our collection comprises not only
varieties that are in popular favor but many varieties of sur-
passing merit, including our own recent introductions that
have created such widespread interest in the Dahlia world.

Here are a Few Leaders
of which we are Proud:

Yellow King — Color yellow, shading to
lighter at the tips. The flowers are
borne well above the foliage. A speci-
men flower of this magnificent Hybrid
Cactus is shown above, each 75c

Attraction — Large elegant Hybrid Cac-
tus of a clear lilac-rose color, each. .75c
D. M. Moore — Immense Decorative of a
dark maroon, almost black shade,

each 50c

Hampton Court— A delightful Peony
Flowered pink. Fine stems, each. 50c
Hocksia — This wonderful Decorative
Dahlia is a mixture of scarlet and gold.
The flowers are enormous and are held
above the foliage on long heavy stems,

each $1.00

Kalif — A truly majestic Hybrid Cactus,
frequently measuring 8 to 9 inches in
diameter, of perfect Cactus form, in
. pure scarlet, each 75c

Golden West — Large bold Cactus. Color
a deep rich yellow heavily overlaid with

orange, each $1.00

Lucero — A Decorative whose color is
bronze buff with a carmine flush and a
deeper tinted center, always full center
and grows better as the season advances
in size and depth of shading, each, ,40c
Red Flamingo — Very large Decorative
with broad wavy petals, forming a
unique rich luminous crimson red flower
of unusual attractiveness, each. . . $1.00
Ruth Forbes — A wonderful Cactus
Dahlia with massive clear pink flowers
composed of heavy petals, each. . . . 75c
Sonnengold — A rich old gold Nym-
phaea, one of the most attractive shade?
of yellow found in Dahlias, each . . . 50c
Tropic Bird — Big wide petals of a dull
red color, with gold base and mottled
band. A Single of perfect form, each 30c

color

SPECIAL OFFER: We will mail one strong, field-grown root of each
of the above 12 fine sorts for $8.00.

Do You Get Our Catalogues?

This will probably be our last appeal to GARDEN MAGAZINE readers
until September, when we shall invite your orders for bulbs for Fall
planting. While we value the patronage of thousands of GARDEN
MAGAZINE readers, we are equally anxious to please other thousands
and count you all among our customers. Early in September, we expect
to have ready for mailing our new Fall catalogue of imported Dutch Bulb
and, lest you should not be on our regular mailing list, we would appreciate
receiving your request for this catalogue now. It will be sent in due time.

JOHN LEWIS CHILDS, Inc., Floral Park, N. Y.

The Carden Magazine, May, 192

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

CONTENTS

VOLUME XXX11I, No. 3

Subscription $3.00 a Year; for Canada, $3.35; Foreign 53.65

GARDEN CITY, N. Y.

Chicago: Peoples Gas Bldg. Boston: Tremont Bldg.

Los Angeles: Van Nuys Bldg. New York: 120 W. 32nd St.

F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President

ARTHUR W. PAGE, S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer

HERBERT S. HOUSTON, RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY,

y ice-Presidents Secretary

Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York,
under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879

COVER DESIGN: JAPANESE WISTERIA Herbert Brown

PAGE

CORNER PLANTING FOR THE SMALL PLACE 167

Photograph by Mattie E Hewitt

RHODODENDRON IN NATURALISTIC PLANTING - - - - 168
Photograph by J. Horace McFarland Co.

PEONIES IN PROFUSION 169

Photograph by Arthur G. Eldredge

THE GARDEN INDOORS AND OUT - Margery Sill IP ickware 170
I The Garden and the Sun Porch.

Illustrations supplied by the author, Mattie E. Hewitt, Carbone
Inc., J. C. Kraus

YOUR WISTERIA— JAPANESE OR CHINESE? 174

THE RUSTIC AND SUBURBAN MOTIFS IN LANDSCAPE

PLANTING - -- -- -- -- -- Robert Wheelwright 175
Drawing by Velma T. Simkins
Photographs by Thomas W. Sears

PLANT BRIEFS: DWARF PHLOXES - - - Louise B. Wilder 179
Photograph by J. Horace McFarland Co.

BUILDING AN ORCHARD FROM A CITY DESK

Walter Collins O’ Kane 18 1

Drawings by Justice Simkins
Photographs by the author and J. G. Showed

COLOR CHARTS FOR GARDENERS Fletcber Steele 185

NEW YORK'S SPRING FEAST OF FLOWERS 187

Photographs by Edwin Levick

DWARF EVERGREENS FOR PICTORIAL RELIEF IN BORDER

PLANTING AND BEDDING Henry Wild 191

Photographs by Arthur G. Eldredge, Roger B. Whitman, Leonard
Barron and Mattie E. Hewitt

THE OLD GARDENS OF PENNSYLVANIA, VII.— JOHN EVANS
ARBORETUM - -- -- -- -- - John W Harsbberger 195
Photographs by the author and Roger B. Whitman

GROWING RADISHES THAT DON'T GET PITHY - A. Kruhm 197
Photograph by the N. R. Graves Co.

VINES FOR DWELLINGS C.L. Burkholder 198

Photographs by the author and Mary H. Northend

AMONG OUR GARDEN NEIGHBORS 200

THE OPEN COLUMN 201

Photographs by H. H. Richardson, N. R. Graves Co., and Leila
B. Stapleton

THE MONTH'S REMINDER 205

THE CALIFORNIA REMINDER 206

INCREASING THE NUMBER OF YOUR BULBS S. L. Bastin 212

GROWING VERY EARLY TOMATOES - - - Thomas J . Steed 216

DR. VAN FLEET’S NEW ROSES 222

Leonard Barron, Editor

{»H

COPYRIGHT, 1921, BY

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

te Garden Magazine, May, 1921

Burpee’s

Seeds

Now, after the rush of the spring planting season is practically over,
you’ll have time to give careful attention to the large number of vege-
tables so well adapted for summer sowing. Vegetables of really choice
quality must be eaten when young and tender. Only with succession
sowing can we grow a continuous supply of vegetables in prime con-
dition for the table.

I Burpee’s leaflet on “Summer Gardening” will be mailed to you free.

WHAT TO SOW IN MAY

. Bush Bean Burpee’s Stringless Green

Pod — The finest of all bush beans. Pkt. 15c.; \ lb.
y 25c.; lb. 40c.

t Bush Lima, Burpee’s Fordhook — The fin-
.' est. Tender, juicy and sweet. Pkt. 25c.; \ lb. 45c.;
u lb. 70c.

Beet, Burpee’s Improved Blood — Very fine
and sweet flesh. Pkt. 10c.; oz. 15c.; J lb. 30c.
Brussels Sprouts, Burpee’s Danish Prize
— Tightly folded sprouts, deliciously sweet. Pkt.
15.; oz. 40c.; \ lb. $1.25.

) Cabbage, Copenhagen Market — The finest
for the home garden. Pkt. 15c.; \ oz. 35c.; oz. 60c-
| Carrot, Chantenay — Golden orange; sweet
j! flesh. Pkt. 5c.; oz 12c.; \ lb. 30c.
i Cauliflower, Burpee’s Best Early — Matures
i quickly and is sure to head. Pkt. 25c.; |oz. $1.35;
oz. $4.25.

Celery, Dwarf Golden Heart — Easily
j blanched, beautiful waxen yellow. Pkt. 10c.; cz.
V 35c.; * lb. 95c.

Sweet Corn Burpee’s Golden Bantam —

Grows quickly and is most delicious. Pkt. 15c.;
\ lb. 35c. : lb. 55c.

Cucumber, Burpee’s Fordhook Pickling
— A strong grower, pure white flesh. Pkt. 10c.;
oz. 20c.; \ lb. 55c.

Endive, White Curled — Blanches easily and
is very tasty. Pkt. 10c.; oz. 20c.; \ lb. 50c.

Kale, Dwarf Green Curled — Easy to grow;
popular boiling green. Pkt. 5c.; oz 20c.; J lb. 50c-
Kohl-Rabi, Early Purple Vienna — Ctf
delicate cabbage flavor. Pkt. 10c.; oz. 20c.;
i lb. 60c.

Pumpkin, Small Sugar — Very sweet, orange-
yellow flesh and skin. Pkt. 10c.; oz. 20c.; Jib. 45c.
Winter Squash True Hubbard — Particu-
larly fine for pies. Pkt. 10c.; oz. 25c.; \ lb. 75c.
Summer Radish, Chartiers — Crimson roots
tipped with white. Pkt. 10c.; oz. 20c.; J lb. 45c.
Swiss Chard, Lucullus — The summer spin-
ach. Easily grown. Pkt. 10c.; oz. 15c.; J lb. 40c.

W. ATLEE BURPEE CO. Seed Growers Philadelphia.

^ — — — — __

—

Garden Full

Gladioli

for $2,00

The Gladiolus is one of the most
satisfactory flowers grown and there
is no reason why every family can-
not enjoy this grand flower — it is as
easy to grow as the potato.

Bloom from July to frost if you
plant a few bulbs each month from
April to July.

For Two Dollars we will send 50
Bulbs of our Grand Prize Mixture,
which covers every conceivable
shade in the Gladiolus kingdom.

Each year we sell thousands of these bulbs and
receive numerous testimonials as to their merits.

Order Your Bulbs Now, so as to have them to
plant when you begin making your garden.

Simple cultural directions in package
Mail this advertisement, or present at our store,
with Check, Money Order, Cash or Stamps, and
secure this splendid collection, sent prepaid to any
point in the U. S. east of the Mississippi. For points
West and Canada add 25c — ($2.25.)

Our 1921 Spring Seed Annual sent on request.

.7

7*2

—

30-32 Barclay St.
New York City

163

Outrivalling the
Azure Heavens

The chastest blue that brightens our gardens, we find in
the Hardy, Herbaceous Larkspur. A few clumps of it
will transform commonplace surroundings into a spot
of unusual beauty. A solid border of it will defy des-
cription of its loveliness. And what is best, the delights
are perennial and you may enjoy them at once!

Totty’s Delphiniums

New Hybrids

of

Rare Beauty

From among the finest
named sorts in cultivation
to-day, we saved seeds.
The most promising seed-
lings we hybridized with
well-established varieties.
The result is practically a
glorified new race of these
stately plants. We are
told that “Totty’s Special
Hybrids” challenge com-
parison with the world’s
best named sorts.

Strong pot-grown plants,
for immediate results, 30c
each, #3.00 per dozen,
$20.00 per 100.

Chas. H. Totty
Company

Madison, New Jersey

planted NOW,
will bloom

this Summer

Beginning in July and last-
ing until frost, they will
bring you the loveliest
spikes of flowers, ranging
from pure white to royal
purple, through marvelous
shades of azure, gentian
blue and sapphire. Among
them will be some with
distinct, bee-shaped
centers which are al-
ways of different colors
from the surrounding
petals.

164

SAVES roses in unblemished beauty. Pleasant and
harmless to use. Kills rose bugs, other insects and
prevents disease. Recommended as the most effec-
tive rose bug destroyer by many eminent rosarians.

For Sale by

Ella V. Baines Springfield, Ohio

W. W. Barnard Co Chicago, 111.

Bassi Freres New Rochelle, N. Y.

Beckert's Seed Store Pittsburgh, Pa.

Bobbink Si Atkins Rutherford, N. J.

Arthur T. Boddington Co New York, Tl. Y.

The J. Bolgiano Seed Co Baltimore, Md.

Joseph Breck & Sons Boston, Mass.

Robert Buist Co Philadelphia, Pa.

Burnett Bros New York, N. Y.

Caldwell & Jones Hartford, Conn.

Carter’s Tested Seeds. Inc Boston, Mass.

Dingee & Conard Co West Grove, Pa.

Henry A. Dreer, Inc Philadelphia, Pa.

F. H. E be ling Syracuse, N. Y.

R. & J. Farquhar Co Boston, Mass.

Fottler, Fiske, Rawson Co Boston, Mass.

Chas. E. Frankenbach & Sons Southampton, L. I., N. Y.

Maurice Fuld, Inc New York, N. Y.

Good & Reese Co Springfield, Ohio

Great Western Plant Co Springfield, Ohio

Thomas J. Grey Boston, Mass.

Hart & Vick, Inc Rochester, N. Y.

Henderson’s Seed Store Chicago, 111.

Peter Henderson Si Co New York, N. Y.

William M. Hunt & Co New York, N. Y.

Roman J. Irwin New York, N. Y.

H. B. Kemp Long Branch, N. J.

A. C. Kendel Seed Store Cleveland, Ohio

Andrew R. Kennedy, Inc New York, N. Y.

McGregor Brothers Co Springfield, Ohio

W. E. Marshall & Co New York, N. Y.

Mead & Woodward Norwalk, Ohio

Henry F. Michell Co. Philadelphia, Pa.

Muller-Sealey Co., Inc New York, N. Y.

Plainfield Nursery Scotch Plains, N. J.

A. K. Powers Falmouth Foreside, Me.

Julius Roeprs Co Rutherford, N. J.

Schmidt & Botley Co Springfield, Ohio

Max Schling, Inc New York, N. Y.

George L. Siegel Erie, Pa.

I. N. Simon Si Son Philadelphia, Pa.

Meyer Stisser Co Baltimore, Md.

Stumpp & Walter Co New York, N. Y.

J. M. Thorbum Si Co New York, N. Y.

Charles H. Totty Co Madison, N. J.

Vaughan Seed Store New York, N. Y.

Hosea Waterer Philadelphia, Pa.

Weeber & Don New York, N. Y.

John Wilk New York, N. Y.

A. E. Wohlert Narberth, Pa.

Pint. $1.00; Quart, $1.75; Half -gallon, $3.25; Gallon, $6.00
ORDER FROM YOUR SEEDMAN OR NURSERYMAN
If your dealer does not handle “ Melrosine” write us, giving his name.

THE DARDEN CHEMICAL COMPANY

ISEW V □ R. K CITY , IM.Y.

The Garden Magazine, May, 192

Plant in May and June

FRENCH BUSH BEANS
“King of the Greens”

(. Improved Flageolet)

V ithout doubt the sweetest, meatiest, most delicious and ten-
der of string beans. Plants are the most prolific bearers producing
seemingly unlimited numbers of slender stringless pods.

2 oz. ( enough for 25 ft. row) 50c.

“LITTLE GEM” LETTUCE

It will “Head” in All Seasons

The most rapid growing lettuce known, producing solid
heads in a remarkably short time — very tender with pure
white hearts. Pkt. 25c.; oz. 50c.

“ My Garden Favorites ”

Year Book

A catalogue so true that you don’t doubt a word of it — a
host of interesting information, cultures and descriptions of only
the best of Vegetable and Flower Seeds, Gladioli and Plants.

IMP OR TANT:

Our Summer edition supplements the above with a complete
listing of Holland bulbs ( for direct import) Summer Vege-
table and Flower Seeds, Lilies, and Plants. Ready for distrib-
ution May 15th.

Write and secure both. They are free.

MAURICE FULD, Inc.

Plantsmen, Seedsmen

7 West 45th Street New York City

“Just

Delightfully
Different ”

Have Wild
Flowers
Around Your
Home

right at your doorstep.

If you can’t go where the
lovely children of the wild
woods grow, why not make
them at home with you? There v
is no better month than May for
planting the Ferns and many of the
wild flowers. Little preparation or
care is required to make them thrive

forty

years’ experience is at your service. Don’t hesitate to write
me and ask questions. Or, if you live within fifty miles of
New York, my associate, Air. Herbert Durand, will be happy
to give you advice at any time, without charge, either at my
Fifth Avenue office or by letter.

My Unusual Catalogue

If you are fond of wild flowers and ferns, you will grow fond of
this catalogue, which will introduce to you unsuspected treasures of
woodland, meadow and bog. Send for your copy to my nearest address
as below and please mention GARDEN MAGAZINE.

EDWARD GILLETT

FERN and FLOWER FARM
3 Main St., Southwick, Mass.

HERBERT DURAND

286 Fifth Avenue, New York City

iiiiiil*

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

165

* Repeating

; the sensational offer of Three Wonder-
[ ful New Flowers, in our recent Garden
Magazine advertisement (If you
: haven’t sent in your order, better do

II so at once): —

II 1. The New Bedding Petunia, “ Pur-
ple Queen," entrancingly beautiful,
an entirely new color in petunias,
pkt. 50c.

2. Queen Anne’s Blue Lace Flower,
(note the illustration), pkt. 50c.

1 3. The New Dahlia-Zinnia, monstrous

dou le flowers with broad, long over-
lapping petals, pkt. 50c.

ALL THREE FOR $1.00

ALSO

Schling’s Perpetual Spinach!

developed exclusively by ourselves, and not obtainable elsewhere.

A real Spinach that you can cut and recut, and it will come and H
come again — not a Swiss Chard, but a big-leaved, quick-growing «j
summer and fall Spinach which takes the place of all other varieties. §§|
A 2-ounce package which will cost you only $1.00, if you remit at |§
once, is enough to supply the table with this delicious Spinach M
for a whole summer.

PR P I • with either or both of above orders, our

r Lv Li £4 • “Book for Garden Lovers” (regularly 25c).

MAX Sckliisg SEEDSMEN, INC.

24 West 59th Street, New York

Our New Dahlias

Two Peony -Flowered Gems

We want to introduce to Garden Magazine readers two superb
Dahlias destined to a place in the front ranks.

Bromfield Giant — A novelty that was awarded certificate of merit by the Penn-
sylvania Horticultural Society last September. A rich, golden red with velvety
petals — large and of fine substance. Stems are long — and Bromfield Giant makes an
excellent cut flower. S3.00 each.

May Bromfield — Soft orchid lavender with a flush of white near the center.
Large petals. The clear color of this Dahlia makes a peculiarly striking appearance.
Like Bromfield Giant, it is an excellent cut flower. May Bromfield should find a place

in the heart of every Dahlia lover.
$3.00 each.

One bulb each of the above Dahlias
$5.00 — Guaranteed to bloom.

Special Offer for May orders—

Best Cactus Dahlias
Mme. Henri Cayeux — Rich pink,
tipped with white.

Kriemhilde— Flesh pink shading to
white.

Golden Gem — One of finest golden
yellow.

Tustu — Velvety maroon.

Countess of Lonsdale — Deep salmon
red.

One each of the above Dahlias $2.00

Best Decoratives

Purple Maniton — -Enormous flowers
of a rich, clear, deep, purple.

Delice — Splendid pink.

Jeanne Charmet — Wonderful lilac
pink with a touch of yellow.

Mina Burgle — The popular scarlet.
Princess Juliana — Pure white.

One each of the above Dahlias $2.00
Both of the above collections and one root each of our Frize Dahlias Bromfield
Giant and May Bromfield for $8.00.

Send for our catalogue “Your Garden Year "

GARDEM CITY - MEW YORK

The Greatest Little
Rain Maker Ever Invented !

THUS pleased owners enthusiastically express
themselves about the Campbell WATERFAN,
upon which The Editor of this publication put his
seal of approval by illustrating it in February
Garden Magazine.

The WATERFAN Oscillating Irrigator, as shown
below, will create a gentle soaking summer shower by
simply turning on the spigot. Any ordinary water
pressure is sufficient to operate this compact machine,
which thrown a fine spray covering a space up to
fourteen feet wide by sixty feet long quickly and
thoroughly. Easily attached without tools to any
garden hose. Weighs but 5 lbs., so that it is easily
moved and may be placed anywhere without doing
the least damage.

Will Solve Your

Irrigation Problem This Summer

Consider what the small investment of $15.00 (the price
of this machine) will mean to you in the way of freedom
from worry about watering your garden. The ordinary
garden hose cannot do the work so well; the ordinary
sprinkling can cannot do the work as quickly and as thor-
oughly; the saving in time alone will more than pay for the
apparatus in one season, since it works automatically after
you turn on the faucet. The apparatus is made of best ma-
terial throughout, and will give satisfactory service for years.

Let us mail you descriptive circular, and name of dealer
near you who handles the WATERFAN. If no WATER-
FAN dealer is in your neighborhood, we shall gladly supply
you direct.

CAMPBELL IRRIGATION COMPANY

Woodbury New Jersey •

GEORGE ALEXANDER, 90 West Broadway
Distributor for New York City and suburbs, including Long Island

166

The Garden Magazine, May, 192

ECONOMICAL!-''

May is the month when
preparedness counts most !
A winter of unprecedented
mildness has carried myr-
iads of larvae and insect
eggs into the new season
in perfect shape. Unusual-
ly advanced vegetation
offers many tender morsels to the ravenous
hordes. Are you prepared to meet your
garden’s enemies? Take steps right now, to
secure the handy Slug Shot Duster which
you’ll find with

Hammond’s Slug Shot,

at all Good Dealers

Since 1880, Slug Shot has helped the nation to
better crops in garden and field. For forty consecu-
tive years it has been a safe remedy to fight the
Colorado Potato Beetle, the most costly enemy of
America’s second greatest crop. It is also recognized
as a most reliable remedy to fight Cabbage Worms,
Cucumber and Melon Beetles, Aster Beetles and other
leaf-chewing insects. While it does the work well,
it has never been known to injure plant, human or
animal life.

Slug Shot is Sold by the Seedsmen of America

5HU

"HAMMOND’S cf!^ToOctAN ,

USED FROM OCE*

a . . Anr

nu**

*

A light, compete. Mrp"

>IW*. or in niter b> -jw-iy'f'K Cab*-*}’

■>» -Ji*

-My

rrwt Wums.YouK PoU»«. *'*

*** . *n<J it i* also vtibngly y

Popular l»ackaKr' at Popular r *■
trchajrta. e

Ware

HAHUOkO I SLUO »h°T — ,

Implements for Applying Slug ^

Hammond's
Slug Shot

is put up in 5-lb., 10-
lb. and 25-lb. Bags, and
in 125-lb. Kegs and Bar-
rels of 250 lbs. in bulk,
with a tin Duster in
each keg, bulk and bar-
rel, also in 1-lb. Sifting
Top Cartons and in 1-
lb. Tin Canisters.

The larger the package
the cheaper the goods
in proportion

Insects and Blights” Helps Keep Gardens Healthy

For thirty-eight consecutive years our modest guide to better gardens
has helped planters to destroy or prevent insects and diseases injurious
to plants. Nearly half a century of intensive study has helped us to
compound reliable remedies for leaf-chewing insects as well as others

for more subtle plant enemies. Blight and fungus diseases are more
deadly than creeping pests, and, in fighting the diseases that attack
vegetable tissue proper or pests that suck plants’ life blood, call to
your aid the following —

Hammond’s Gold Medal Remedies are sold at Most Reliable Seed Stores

Hammond’s Paint and Slug Shot Works

BEACON NEW YORK

The Strong Arm

of Correct Defense

THRIP JUICE

A contact insecticide that
quickly and effectively de-
stroys Aphis, Mealy Bug,
White Fly and other pests thriv-
ing on plant juice. Equally
effective in the greenhouse as
outdoors, on trees, shrubs or
plants.

COPPER SOLUTION

A most satisfactory preventative
against Rust, Leaf Spot and
Blight, attacking Grapes, Roses,
Tomatoes and Carnations. It is
equally useful to fight Blight and
Anthracnose on Beans, Pears and
Quinces while it is also an active
agent against mildew.

GRAPE DUST

A practical, economical and
effective remedy against pow-
dery mildew on Cucumbers,
Gooseberry, Parsley, and Melon
Vines. It counteracts the pow-
dery mildew on Grapes, and is
equally useful outdoors as under
glass.

1977

Vol. XXXIII , 5

Garden

MAGAZINE

library

NHw

•^JTaNICAL

<iAxt/aw

May , i97i

Mattie Edwards Hewitt , Photo.

“A LITTLE HOUSE
MADE FOR SWEET CONTENT;

ROSE-BOWERED,

CLAD IN SUN AND SCENT.”

It is not often that the small place achieves such distinction;
combining considerable individuality with a sense of intimacy
and seclusion, it seems an epitome of everything suggested by
the word “home.” The planting of Dwarf Evergreens affords
an interesting contrast in color, shape, and height to the
older, well-established trees about the house, the fortunate
owner of which is Mr. D. E. Seybel, Porchester, N. Y.

Amer Pindar

f>-

<5"

167

168

The Garden M**

,/ay, 1921

Horace ] . McFarland Co. Photo.

"AND IN GREEN UNDERWOOD AND COVER
BLOSSOM BY BLOSSOM THE SPRING BEGINS.”

Swinburne

Rhododendron, stalwart and distinctive in character, is
really very adaptable and fits as readily into a naturalistic
planting scheme as into more formal surroundings. It
here lends force and point to the vista, and its dignity of
habit is accented, rather than otherwise, by the Violets
running loosely underfoot. This is the variety maximum

The Gara.

.arftc, May, 1921

169

“PEONIES! PEONIES!

. CLARET OR ROSE,

CREAM-TINTED, AND PUNGENT-
JUBILANT, JOYOUS SURVIVORS
OF FLED WINTER SNOWS.”

Unknonn

Arthur G. Eldredge, Photo.

Its dependableness has won for the Peony a secure place in
the affections of most gardeners. Sturdily it reappears, year
by year, true in form and color, a virtue not to be despised.
Here used with Roses (right); Crepe Myrtle (left); Honey-
suckle and blue-flowered Clematis (covering garden house at
back). Grounds of Mr. Glenn’s residence at Catonville, Md.

THE GARDEN
INDOORS AND OUT

EDITORIAL FOREWORD

rr

Gardening as a conscious,

organized movement is still
— comparatively, at least — in its
infancy; for this reason we are
perhaps more keenly aware than ever before of the
strength and scope of its influence. More, too, than ever
before do we need in our whirring, crowded existences the
refreshment of spirit which the garden bestows; and, aware
of this need, we are in our businesslike, modern fashion
deliberately setting out to supply the demand. Hence the
lightning popularity of solarium and sleeping-porch; the frenzied build-
ingof rock gardens, naturalesque pools, and perennial borders; the outcry
for planting the city backyard. All these are expressions of the healthy,
human delight in growing things, and as such deserve every encourage-
ment. The terms of expression are negligible; whether the perennial
border and the rock garden are merely fads or something more funda-
mental that have come to stay, does not matter at all ; what does matter
is that men and women everywhere are finding it worth while to cultivate
the friendship of the garden.

In all sorts of unobtrusive ways the garden colors our lives. Quietly
it has stepped from outdoors in, gradually taking possession of our
homes till now we find its bright finger-prints everywhere — in chintzes
and gaily flowered wallpapers; in floor coverings, whether Chinese or
Colonial; in window boxes cheerily ablossom upstairs and down; in the

feathery ferns and trailing green-
ery of braziers. And, like all
really vital conquests, this con-
quest of the house by the garden

has been pervasive rather than aggressive in character,
evolutionary rather than revolutionary in method.

The household gods have nearly always been garden
gods as well — the pottery, tapestry, and rugs of cen-
turies back testify to this. All sorts of floral motifs are
rooted in the misty, very early days, and it is inter-
esting to follow their development, transformation — oftentimes
transfiguration — at the hands of different peoples in their passage
through the ages. Some have reached us quite unchanged, others
display immense variation, and each nation and each generation has,
of course, added something to the total of such decorative motifs until
our present choice seems almost limitless.

In response to the interest nowadays of so many people in everything
which offers beauty and wholesome living, this series — “The Garden
Indoors and Out” — has been prepared; and the quality of their work,
already well known, makes the tribute of these decorators and land-
scapists to the gospel of gardening indisputably convincing.

Mrs. Wickware’s article will be followed in June by Miss Agnes
Bowman’s “The Garden and The Living Room,” and in subsequent
issues by articles on other phases of the subject by various authors.

I.— THE GARDEN AND THE SUN PORCH

MARGERY 'SILL WICKWARE

Consulting Decorator

FpjraHE sun porch is winning wider recognition daily, for it
mm combines beauty and utility and enables one to place
|*.jj f the emphasis on that very important feature in the
eFIrlp making of a real home, the garden. Trees and shrubs
are no longer regarded solely as an outdoor setting for the home,
but are rapidly becoming a factor in planning interesting interior
compositions. The problem is how best to bring the garden
with its wealth of decorative possibilities indoors.

In the evolution of this idea the old-fashioned veranda had
its place, but its drawbacks are also obvious. Too often the
windows opening on it had to sacrifice their rightful share of
sunshine twelve months of the year in order to provide a retreat
for hot summer nights or sultry afternoons during the brief
summer period. Instead of allowing the rooms overlooking
the garden to spread over a larger area by lessening the feeling
of boundaries and seeming to include part of the outdoors,
the veranda pushed the garden into the background and made
a barrier between the two. It had no apparent relation to
the comfort of the house within, or to the charm of the garden
without. It stood, a thing apart, and was most inadequate for
the requirements of family life. It is now, happily, being re-
placed by the enclosed veranda or solarium.

This room, indeed, has become a most important feature in
modern building. It is the half-way room between the house
and the garden; usually opening off from the living room, it leads
out to the garden. It should have all the comfort of a living
room, but yet be treated with a freedom and gaiety of spirit that
make it seem, indeed, to be a part of the outdoor world. With
its many windows and subsequent flood of light and sunshine,
it offers infinite possibilities for garden effects, still often dimly
perceived and not fully realized or developed.

And what a great variety of things we have to work with in
order to attain these results. Such interesting stains can be
used on the plastered walls, such delightful color and design
can be found in tiles for floors and fountain. There is, too,
an almost endless choice of pottery and wrought iron of both
antique and modern design. Then, for floor coverings, the
heavy woven fibres from the South Seas that come in such good
colors and are so interesting in texture.

The walls of the enclosed veranda should be painted, stippled,
and stained, or else left in the natural rough-finish plaster which
always affords a sympathetic background for the green of grow-
ing plants. There are remarkable results to be attained with
the use of stain over painted, plastered walls. Some light,
neutral tone, either ivory or putty, is best for the painted surface
over which a clear color stain should be applied. This stain
can be wiped off until the desired depth of color is reached and
then stippled to an even tone. It is astonishing how vibrant with
light and life, color applied in this way becomes. 1 recently
used a bluish-green stain on walls painted light ivory. After
this stain was rubbed and stippled it gave to the room a feeling
of great space, atmosphere and light, like a deep Italian sky.
The wall space was framed by woodwork and trim of a subdued
putty color.

The floor in this case was tiled in large squares of dull burnt
orange and warm brown which, when waxed, were so interesting
and finished in appearance that rugs seemed superfluous. The
curtains were of the simplest — a heavy casement cloth of deep
ivory, made to draw across the windows so that they could
easily be adjusted to temper the glare of light.

Two doors led from the solarium to the living room, at the
opposite side of which a double French door of glass opened into

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

171

A GARDEN ALWAYS GREEN

Mattie Edwards Hewitt, Photo.

Here one is sure of finding summer cheer on even the dreariest day. The little pool and a few
growing things — Ferns, Ivy, and Box — offer refreshment, and sufficient color is afforded by
judicious use of chintz and cut flowers. Home of Mr. Demarest at Forest Hills, L. I.

the garden. In the wall space between the two doors leading
into the living room (the largest wall space, by the way, as
windows monopolized the remainder) a low wall fountain was
placed. This was flanked on either side by tall, simple wrought-
iron stands which held large bowls of growing Ivy. The rim
of the fountain was set with Tunisian tiles — very interesting in
design and rich in color — and the cement lining of the basin was
colored a deep turquoise blue.

On the wall spaces between the windows simple hoops of
wrought iron, riveted into the walls, held jars of orange pottery
filled with Ivy. On either side of the door leading to the gar-
den great Italian jars — turquoise blue and holding sprays of
Laurel — were silhouetted against the light.

Cane furniture of that light and graceful type which comes
to us from southern France was used. This particular set was
woven in black, orange, and tan to further the general scheme
of color. Chair cushions of green cotton material, and on the
chaise-longue a few black pillows embroidered in bright wools
added the final touch.

I his room, when completed, held much of the spirit of the
garden, its gaiety and its color; yet it also possessed all the
customary comfort of indoor living.

'T

WALL FOUNTAINS

Two designs whose gaily gro-
tesque ornamentation admir-
ably fits the joyous garden
mood. These may be had in
"old ivory” terra-cotta (left),
and Italian marble (right)

172

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

FOR BAY TREE OR
HYDRANGEA

This substantial pot
may be had in terra-
cotta, and it well suits
the solarium whose
owner has a taste for
the ornate

FOR THOSE WHO
PREFER SIMPLICITY

Dignified in construc-
tion, this Italian mar-
ble jar is very effective
when filled with
greenery

Sometimes, in spite of its many windows, there are sombre
corners and wall spaces in the solarium that are difficult
to handle. These can be immediately relieved by the proper
use of mirrors. Not the mirror of the gilded frame and ela-
borate carving, but a mirror used panelwise, simply framed by
moulding painted like the woodwork so that it becomes, in effect,
a part of the wall itself. Arranged in this way — or placed per-
haps in a latticed paneling with a flower-stand at the base
planted with Ivy, Ferns, or some similar greenery — mirrors serve
a double purpose. All of the dark corners and uninteresting
wall spaces are banished forever, and all the reflected vistas of

FLOWER-STAND

A wrought-iron stand of
this character, with a bowl
of glass or some bright-
colored pottery, is a con-
venient porch accessory.
Useful for all sorts of cut
flowers, it also possesses the
double advantage of being
both durable and readily
moved about

A PORCH FOR ALL
PURPOSES

Combining the best features of
solarium and old-fashioned
veranda, this roomy porch is
an ideal place in which to
lunch and lounge. Home of
Mr. E. T. Crockroft at East
Hampton, L. I.

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

173

WHEN THE LILACS BLOOM

Mattie Edwards Hewitt , Photo.

The airy freshness of treatment which characterizes this sun porch throughout seems well epitomized in the Lilacs on either
hand — a freshness happily retained long after lilac-time is past. Residence of Mr. Harold 1. Pratt, Locust Valley, L. 1.

the garden seem literally to trans-
port the garden within.

Conceive the loveliness of such
a room when its latticed windows
look out on a garden in bloom, and
its latticed and mirrored walls
catch and hold all that glowing
color!

It is important in a room of this
character to use plain fabrics, or, at
best, those of a simple and incon-
spicuous design, and to depend on
beauty of tone and of line for ef-
fect. Be chary of patterned fab-
rics and of decorated walls. The
sun porch is intended primarily to
bring the atmosphere of the garden
into the house; therefore let plants,
bowls of Laurel and cut flowers
furnish the decorative motif, and
do not confuse this idea and lessen
the charm of these growing things
by using curtains of flowered
chintz and cushions of futurist
pattern.

It is, 1 am aware, difficult under

THE LATTICE-FRAMED MIRROR

Attractively framed as here in lattice or, if preferred, by
merely a simple moulding, the mirror is a porch device
worth attention. It catches all sorts of delightful reflec-
tions and, perhaps more important, adds a feeling of space

all conditions to keep growing
plants, and flowers are sometimes
quite out of the question. Still,
there is a wealth of green always
to be found, and how lovely it is
if we would only look for it! The
indispensable note was supplied
in one sun room I know of by
various kinds of Evergreens. We
commonly associate Evergreens
with Christmas decoration only;
yet why limit them to one use
when they are valuable for so
many? In this particular sola-
rium the long window boxes were
filled with feathery sprays of Pine,
the wall baskets with Cedar, the
high urns and flower-stands with
Spruce and Laurel which kept fresh
and green throughout the winter
season.

With the coming of spring the
difficulty solves itself, and a host
of new plants invade the sun
porch making it more than ever
a delightful indoor garden.

YOUR WISTERI A-J APANESE OR CHINESE?

IS somewhat remarkable that, although the Wisteria
has long been one of the most familiar of flowering
vines, yet there has been a confusion of identities that
was cleared up but very recently, as one of the results
of Mr. E. H. Wilson’s expeditions to China and Japan for the
Arnold Arboretum. At least two totally different, cultivated
Asiatic species have been adorning our porches and trellises
and have been accepted as being but one and the same. The
Chinese Wisteria, as it is called, and the Silky Wisteria are
much alike to the casual observer, although the former has
decidedly the longer flower raceme. The Silky Wisteria has
shorter racemes, and broader, and is definitely distinguished by
having short, velvety hairs on the mature leaves. Both are
velvety when young. The Japanese Wisteria is the more
fragrant and blooms later than the Chinese; also its flowers are
smaller and more laxly disposed on the cluster.

These observations and the general descriptions which follow,
taken (with only a few textual changes) from the Bulletin of the
Arnold Arboretum, should enable any one to identify any par-
ticular Wisteria vine. There are several other trade names for
slight varietal forms, but they are immaterial in this connection.

The answer to the question: “why doesn’t my Wisteria
flower” may be found between the lines in this article; the buds
are frequently winter-killed. Some plants apparently do not
attain flowering vigor until they are very many years old, and
there may be occasional sterile ones.

Wisteria sinensis (Chinese Wisteria) grows naturally in cen-
tral and southern China and is the common Wisteria in the
gardens of the United States and one of the most vigorous of
the hardy climbing plants of the northern hemisphere. Its ma-
ture leaves are smooth, which distinguishes it from W. brachy-
botrys with which it has long been confused. In New England
country gardens the flower-buds are often killed by cold, and it
grows better on city houses where it is more protected than in
the country. In the southern states, where it often reaches to
the tops of trees more than a hundred feet high, and in Cali-
fornia it is seen in its greatest magnificence. The only variety
of this plant which has yet been found is the white-flowered
form, which is exceedingly rare, and a specimen would be wel-
comed by the Arnold Arboretum. The plant offered in nur-
series as the White Chinese Wisteria is in fact the White
Japanese. The White Chinese one was found by Fortune in
Chinese gardens and first flowered in England in 1849, and Wil-
son saw occasional plants on the cliffs near lchang in central
China. Francis Parkman’s garden at Jamaica Plain had one
which flowered in 1880, but has now disappeared; there is said
to have been a specimen in a Connecticut garden, and there are
two splendid old plants in gardens in Opelousas, Louisiana.

Wisteria venusta (Silky Wisteria) having velvety hairs on
both sides of the leaf, is the earliest of the Wisterias to flower.
Although it had been sent to the United States and Europe for
several years by Japanese nurserymen, nothing was really
known about it until Wilson’s visit to Japan in 1914, when he
found that it was a distinct and undescribed species distin-
guished by broad clusters, not more than six inches long, of
very large flowers on stems an inch and a quarter in length, and
by the soft hairs which cover the lowrer surface of the leaves
throughout the season. This plant, long grown in Japanese
gardens which contain some very large specimens, is not really
Japanese at all and is now believed to be an albino form of a
blue-flowered Wisteria (still unclassified) which is cultivated
in Peking and other gardens of northern China. This form, too,
as lately discovered, is found in our gardens, but has been
confused with W. sinensis. The flower-buds of the Silky
Wisteria are well developed in the autumn (which is a
determining feature), and it is the earliest of all Wisterias

brought into bloom in the winter by artificial heat. There is a
form with double flowers (var. plena) occasionally cultivated.

Wisteria floribunda (or multijuga) is the common Wisteria
of Japan and is come upon growing naturally only in the central
and southern parts of that country. As already said, it has
smaller and more fragrant flowers in narrower and more open
clusters than the Chinese plant, and blooms here ten or twelve
days later. This Wisteria is one of the most generally cultivated
garden plants in Japan, and Wilson found in a garden at kasu-
kabe a plant which extended over a bamboo arbor one-sixth
of an acre in extent and was covered with flower-clusters which
measured up to sixty-four inches in length. This garden form
with the long clusters has been distinguished as variety macro-
botrys. On wild plants (var. brachybotrys) the flower-clusters
are sometimes not more than ten inches long, though their length
varies greatly. There is a beautiful form with pure white flowers
(var. alba) which is becoming familiar in this country; another
with flowers of pure pink or white more or less tinged with
pink (var. rosea) ; and a third with leaves blotched with yellow
(var. variegata). There is also a double flowered form (var.
violacea plena) which was first sent to this country in 1862 and
first flowered here in the garden of Francis Parkman at Jamaica
Plain. Fortunately this form blooms very rarely, for the flowers
are ugly, something w'hich cannot be said of any other Wis-
teria. Although the Japanese Wisteria is usually called W.
multijuga in gardens, the oldest and correct name for it is W.
floribunda. The W. sinensis alba of almost all nursery cata-
logues and many collections has always proved to be the
white-flowered form of floribunda.

Wisteria japonica is a smaller plant than the other Asiatic
species, with slender stems and small clusters of pale yellow
flowers. This plant flowered in the Dana collection at Dosoris,
Long Island, in 1879, and once many years ago produced a few
flowers in the Arnold Arboretum. It is a native of the warmer
parts of Japan, and not really hardy in the northern states.

There are two American species, native of the middle and
southern states, which bloom later than the Asiatic species and
prolong the Wisteria season for several weeks.

Wisteria frutescens is the better known native and the more
northern plant. It is a slender vine with short, compact clusters
of comparatively small, fragrant flowers. A less showy plant
than the other species, but interesting as the first of the Wisterias
cultivated in the United States and Europe. There is a white-
flowered variety (var. alba).

Wisteria macrostachya from the Missouri-Louisiana-Texas
region is a handsome plant and fortunately perfectly hardy in
Massachusetts. It has much larger flowrers in longer racemes
than the other American species from which it can be distin-
guished by its longer calyx-lobes and by the glandular hairs on
the calyx and flower-stalks. A fine form of this plant was once
common in gardens under the name of Wisteria magnifica often
incorrectly considered a variety of W. frutescens. Another
form with blue and white flowers has been described under the
name of var. albo-lilacina. W. macrostachya, although the
flowers are less showy than those of the Asiatic species, is a
beautiful plant which merits more widespread cultivation.

There has been much discussion as to the proper spelling of
the name: Wisteria and Wistaria have both been used and both
have had authority. The name was given in honor of Dr.
Wistar of Philadelphia, but branches of that family spell
their name in different ways. The governing rule, however, is
that the first authentic form must stand even though it may be
an error of orthography; so it is now universally recognized by
botanists that the form with middle e, Wisteria, is correct.

THE RUSTIC AND SUBURBAN MOTIFS IN
LANDSCAPE PLANTING

ROBERT WHEELWRIGHT, A. S. L. A.

Characteristic Groupings of Foliage Masses that Create Impressions of Natural Growth or Betray
the Man-made Nature of the Work. Fitness of Different Methods to Different Surroundings.

SHE character of informal landscape design is largely
controlled by the varieties and species of plants that
comprise a plantation. By the use of native plants
we may reproduce nature so closely that our fellow men
are deceived and believe they look upon a wild growth when, as
a matter of fact, it is man-made. With few exceptions, the
introduction of exotic plants ends deception and the hand of man
becomes apparent through their use. So the plants govern the
aspect and we may classify naturalesque planting under two
heads, which I like to term “rustic” and “suburban.”

“Rustic” planting in this sense would be of native plants
with a few exotics such as have become naturalized. The
common Barberry (Berberis vulgaris), familiar to all of us, is an
exotic that was brought to this country by the early settlers.
It became naturalized and is now so usual an object in our
wild growth that we never consider it an alien plant. On the
other hand the Japanese Barberry (Berberis Thunbergii), which
is fast becoming naturalized, is so recent an introduction that
we recognize it at once as an exotic and do not yet feel it is in
place in a rustic planting. There are certain other exotic plants
so like our own that they can be used without a suspicion of
artificiality, except to the botanist. Such is the Japanese
Witch Hazel (Hamamelis japonica) which differs from our own
Hamamelis (H. virginiana) in the time of blooming, but other-
wise is practically identical. Such a plant is naturally a valuable
addition as it extends the season of bloom.

“Suburban” planting may be made up either partially or
entirely of exotics, plants selected or produced by horticulturists
and gardeners because of characteristics that make them
especially desirable for the embellishment of lawns and gardens.
This is the type of planting we usually find in carefully tended
beds in conjunction with trim lawns; a type distinctly garden-
esque. 1 do not apply the term “ gardenesque ” to all such plant-
ings, for sometimes we find exotic plantings in parks, sometimes
along country roadsides (perhaps when near highly developed
country estates), with beds overgrown and uncared for. The
character of the plants in such plantations is that found every-
where in our suburban developments, but as they are not al-
ways in the same high state of cultivation, I feel that the term

suburban applies better, and would use “gardenesque” as a
sub-group to indicate the more polished form of gardening.

The character of foliage is apt to be so lost in a photograph
that it is hard to distinguish the presence of exotics in a well
executed piece of naturalesque planting. If observed casually,
the plantings shown in illustrations Nos. 2 and 5 might be taken
for a wild growth. But we can recognize Japanese Barberry in
No. 2, and there is a certain profusion of foliage that seems too
lavish for nature. In No. 5 we recognize Forsythia, and the
general setting speaks of man’s handiwork. This is a remark-
ably good example of suburban planting, verging perhaps on
the gardenesque, but in contrast to the artificiality of the road
and the house, the selection and arrangement of the plants ac-
centuates its naturalesque appearance.

Of the two types the “suburban” is naturally the more
commonly found. It is indeed the type most people want in
proximity to their houses because it lends itself better to display
and its man-made character is easily recognized. This last
factor is of great importance to many, for if a planting is so
skilfully made that its artificiality is not apparent, nobody
knows it cost money to make. Fortunately this feeling is not
sufficiently widespread to prevent designers who have technical
skill and artistic appreciation from being permitted to produce
exotic plantations that bear a truly naturalesque appearance.
A finer, richer display is frequently thus produced than with a
more artificial planting.

Photograph No. 3 obviously illustrates a carefully tended
country estate, a gardenesque landscape. In contrast to this
the country roadside shown in No. 1 is distinctly a wild natural
growth; it is rustic, not difficult to reproduce if the initial diffi-
culty of persuading one’s client to allow the reproduction could
be overcome. It would not show effort expended, or sufficient
display for money invested to satisfy some people.

The basis of selection for every plantation is comparison; the
material to select from is limited only by the general laws
governing horticulture — no plant will, of course, survive unless
it can adapt itself to climate, soil, location, and situation.

Every plant has many factors upon which comparison is based.
We must consider the flower, fruit, autumn coloring, winter

176

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

FRANKLIN PARK, BOSTON

(2) A naturalesque planting so skil-
ful that only the Japanese Barberry
betrays its man-made character

aspect; but, most essential of all, is the character of growth and
the character and appearance of the foliage, for these are the
predominating factors that govern the appearance of the in-
dividual plant and therefore of every grouping. The variation
obtainable from such selection is almost limitless in suburban
planting where both native and exotic plants can be used. In
rustic planting it has a narrower scope, for we can reproduce
only the effects nature produces in a particular locality, which
may contain comparatively fewvarieties.

The exotic flavor of the bit of lane
portrayed in No. 6 is recognized at once
and at the same time one senses that it
is a natural, wild growth. Were you in
North Devon, where such a scene is in
character with the entire landscape, its
naturalness would impress you far more
than its exoticism. The country roadside
in No. i has none of the exotic feeling that
the North Devon scene produces. In
the photograph the individuality of the
plants is lost and the landscape might be
anywhere in the Eastern States, where
nature has had her own way in planting
the roadside. I selected this illustration
because it is such a good example of this
particular type of landscape as well as of
the difficulty of illustrating the subject
under discussion, for it is also a scene in
England, and, for ought 1 know, there
is not a plant in it that grows naturally
with us.

scape, a unit by itself. Are you not in some fairyland where
all sorts of plants, from all corners of the earth, grow naturally?
Drive on into the open country beyond; the vegetation is quite
different; you no longer see Weigelias, Spiraeas, Forsythias, and
you realize the community you were just in was an artificial
creation.

Again imagine the same community with each place planted
differently — Mr. A likes tropical bedding plants, Mr. B likes

A COUNTRY ROADSIDE

( i ) It happens to be English but we might jog along a
similar bit of road in Vermont, Kansas, or Canada

native plants, Mr. C likes plants with variegated
or colored foliage, and Mr. D likes evergreens —
would you think for a minute that the plants had
grown naturally? This is, of course, an exaggeration
of the individual problem where the distinction be-
tween plants is ordinarily not so marked.

Thomas JV. Stars, A. o. L. A., Photo.

CONCEIVE a reproduction of a tropical landscape within a
greenhouse — it is night, and the plants are skilfully ar-
ranged so that one does not perceive the enclosing glass. The
illusion of actually being in a tropical land is complete. But
day comes and you see a winter landscape outside; the illusion
disappears and your surroundings become artificial.

Imagine yourself in an ideal suburban community — the
lawns well kept, the shrubs, flowers, and trees 'selected and
planted so skilfully it all seems like a single beautiful land-

CERTA1N plants are particularly happy in
combination, others cannot be planted any-
where near each other without creating a sense of
artificiality. Take the ordinary small evergreen
planting, where all kinds of Retinispora, Juniper,
Arborvitae, etc., are shoved in together in a stuffy
mass. Some are dwarf, some are shrubs, some are
trees; in a few years some will be dead, some tall,
some choked or straggly, and all will have to be
ripped out. Nature never intended the combination
of plants of such diverse habits. These same plants,
arranged according to laws of natural growth, would
thrive. Such a planting might bear no more rela-
tion to the local landscape than the original “small
evergreen” group did; but, set off by itself and made a unit
apart from the surrounding world, it might become a permanent
planting of considerable beauty delightfully suggestive of alien
lands.

I have always pictured in my mind the possibility of making
a garden of such weird plants as Castor Oil Bean, Elephant’s
Ear, and Canna. Such a garden I would absolutely shut off
from everything else; in itself a new world, perhaps more curious
than beautiful; though I suspect that it might be more beautiful

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

177

A LANDSCAPE TRULY “GARDENESQUE”

Thomas IF. Sears, A. S. L. A., Photo.

(3) Serene and domestic in character, this landscape is in no wise disturbed by the additional plantings
which serve rather to emphasize the note of intimacy and enhance the great natural charm of the scene

Thomas IF. Sears, A. S. L. A., Photo.

BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREENS IN RICH MASS EFFECT

(4) Here we have Azalea, Andromeda, Rhododendron, Leucothoe, and Box in a planting also
distinctly gardenesque though somewhat more formal in character than that shown above

178

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

Thomas W. Sears, A. S. L. A., Photo.

NATURALESQUE SUBURBAN

PLANTING

pathetic fashion and are
pleasing both by similarity
of character and by con-
trast of shapes with each
other and with the decid-
uous Azaleas. The basic
reason for this harmonious-
ness is doubtless their close
family connection. The
same type of planting may
be improved by the intro-
duction of certain decid-
uous shrubs of quite a
different nature, and by
using Ferns and Lilies.
Proper selection of these
secures a further contrast
and makes a closer approxi-
mation to natural wild con-
ditions.

Selection is the real
secret of successful land-
scape art and requires a
trained aesthetic sense, much
study, and a thorough
knowledge cf the materials
to be used. Only then does
planting become sufficiently
a matter of instinct to as-
sume— no matter how
formal its character — a
verity so akin to nature
that artificiality is lost
even where its existence is
strongest.

(5) A remarkably clever piece of landscaping
which demonstrates that stiffness and lack of
individuality need not characterize the sub-
urban plot however small its area

than one would imagine. At any
rate I am sure it would be a vast im-
provement over the ordinary plant-
ing that is “adorned” with these
monstrous growths.

It is the harmony of line that
makes formal planting pleasing in
connection with formal architecture,
and the contrast cf line that makes
it effective where it meets the nat-
ural landscape. This contrast must
be marked and distinct, otherwise
formality loses its force and meaning.

A distinctly gardenesque planting
is illustrated by No. 4. Here we have
a combination in which Rhododen-
dron, Azalea, Leucothoe, Andro-
meda, and Box are conspicuous.
The small leaves of the Box, in com-
pact heads, are a pretty contrast to
the large, heavy leaves of the Rhodo-
dendron, and thewholeeffect is light-
ened by the delicate, graceful foliage
of Andromeda, Azalea and Leuco-
thoe. These broad-leaved evergreens
seem to combine in particularly sym-

Thomas IV. Sears, A. S. L. A., Photo.

WOODLAND LANE IN NORTH DEVON

(6) The contrast between this bit of pastoral England and that found in photograph No. 1 is
immediately sensed. This type of wild, natural growth is sufficiently unfamiliar to impress
us with its exoticism, while the Devonshire man would feel quite at home in such a setting

A REVIEW OF SOME DWARF PHLOXES
By LOUISE BEEBE WILDER

S GREAT English gardener has characterized the dwarf
members of the Phlox family as “a race of indispensa-
bles beyond all other indispensables for the rock garden,”
and this high praise is not only well sustained by the
little plants as ornaments of the rock garden but in many situa-
tions besides.

A particular interest attaches to the Phlox family for us on
account of the fact that it is American in all its branches, even
the great, summer-blooming varieties tracing their lineage back
to the slender, pale-colored Phlox paniculata or to the dwarfer
P. maculata, both of which range the thin woods and roadsides
of Pennsylvania, west and south. These, of course, have been
trained out of all resemblance to their former modest state, but
upon the dwarf species, save in the case of the Moss Pink (P.
subulata), little work of “improvement” has been tried. Among
them are to be found little moss-like alpines, graceful lax trailers,
dainty erect sorts like P. ovata (or Carolina), and such scrambling
mats of loveliness as P. Stellaria.

All these forms are to be found in various parts of our broad
country, and it is now possible by dint of patient search through
many catalogues to gather together a fair collection of these very
useful and beautiful native plants. Of the forty-seven species
given in “The Cyclopedia of Horticulture,” eleven are now quite
easily come by, and a more imperative demand would, of
course, bring to light many that are not now handled by the
trade, and make more general the appearance in nursery lists of
those that have already been introduced among a narrow circle
of enthusiasts.

These plants are inured to our climatic extremes and vagaries
and should be far more frequently used in the situations that
they so eminently grace. Some are suited for the border edge,
others for naturalizing in half-wild places, many will brighten
a shady comer and all are happy in the rock garden. I have
found them all grateful for protection against the full force of
the sun; a situation having light shade for part of the day suits
them well.

Among the species that it is now possible to procure are the
following:

P. argillacea. This plant was introduced a few years ago
and was said to have been found in the “sand barrens of the
Middle West” — its name indicates a liking for gravel. With
me it sent up many erect stems to the height of about eight
inches terminating in heads of small silvery-lavender blossoms,
faintly fragrant. It flourishes in ordinary soil in a half shaded
spot and appears to be quite hardy. I cannot identify this
plant in any book on Western wildflowers at my disposal, rtor is
it mentioned in “The Cyclopedia of Horticulture.” It is, how-
ever, quite distinct from any of the other species known to me.
It flowers for a long time in late spring and early summer.

P. divaricata (syn. canadensis). Next to P. subulata this
is the most widely known of the dwarf Phloxes. It is a charm-
ing plant bearing loose heads of fragrant, pure lavender flowers
on slender stems eight to eighteen inches tall. It likes a rich,
loamy soil and partial shade and is a delightful 'subject for
planting in generous patches along the edges of shrubbery
borders among Darwin Tulips and the later flowering Daffodils.
It is particularly pretty wreathing the base of the yellow flower-
ing Currant. Perry’s Laphamii variety is an improvement on
the type; it has larger flowers, more distinct in tone and a more

extended blossoming period, and the plant is somewhat dwarfer
and more compact. A white form of the type is to be had and
is very lovely. P. divaricata is found in moist, thin woodland
from New York west to Minnesota, and south to Florida.

P. amoena. A most satisfactory little plant for the rock gar-
den, sending up from a decumbent base many leafy stems to a
height of five or six inches, carrying well-filled heads of bright
pink flowers. It creates gay patches of color for several weeks
from the middle of May, and as the rosettes of leaves are prac-
tically evergreen, it makes itself pleasantly felt throughout the
year. There is a variety with variegated leaves that is attractive
for a change. This plant is to be found in the dry lands of
Virginia and Kentucky, and southward.

P. Douglasii. This is a low, densely tufted little plant forming
moss-like mats and cushions, often more than a foot across,
starred all over with faintly scented pale lilac or white flowers,
the petals of which turn back in fading. It grows on the
Rocky Mountains, frequenting high gravelly slopes or in thin
woods in sandy soil. This is, of course, a variety for the rock
garden, in well drained rather sandy soil.

P. multiflora. A little cespitose, branching plant with a woody
base very like the Moss Pink in appearance. Its height is
but a few inches and its lavender or pinkish flowers are borne
in such profusion as to completely hide the green. Like so
many of its family it is pleasantly fragrant. It is a plant of the
foothills of the Colorado mountains and has its place in the rock
garden or along a stone-edged border.

P. ovata (syn. Carolina). This is one of the more striking
species and is suited to the rock garden or the front of the
partially shaded border where it makes very gay patches of
color. The stems rise erectly to a height of from twelve to
eighteen inches. The flowers are large and round and bright
pink in color. It blooms at the same time as P. divaricata,
and the two are very pretty together. Elevated parts of
Pennsylvania and southward.

P. pilosa. A fine plant for massing toward the front of well
drained, partly shaded, borders. Its slender stems rise about a
foot and carry a loose cluster of rather large flowers, purple or
white. An improved form is known as P. pilosa splendens; the
flowers are bright pink. It has a wide range, appearing in
New Jersey and southward to Florida, and west from Dakota to
Texas.

P. Stellaria. This delightful Phlox is nearly allied to the Moss
Pink, but is more open in its spreading growth and is perhaps a
trifle less floriferous, its pale stars being sprinkled over the
foliage instead of quite obliterating it as is the case with the
subulata varieties. It is very lovely grown on the slopes of the
rock garden, or at the top of a dry wall where it may hang in
festoons. Its color is that which Mr. Farrer described as
“moonlight blue.” It is altogether one of the choicest of the
family. At home in Kentucky and Tennessee.

P. stolonifera (syn. reptans). An attractive species with long,
trailing, leafy stems terminating in loose clusters of magenta
flowers. It is a good plant for the rock garden in partial shade

'79

180

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

where the soil is well drained and deep, and may be increased
by pegging down the trailing stems until they take root and
then detaching them. There is a form of P. stolonifera known
as P. verna. Pennsylvania southward, mostly in high regions.

P. subulata (syn. setacea). Few dwarf plants at our disposal
are as altogether charming and accommodating as is the little
Moss Pink in its many varieties. Its close, small-leaved tufts
are in April and early May almost obliterated by the little
round flowers, and where it is planted freely the effect is most
beautiful. The loveliest form is that known as G. F. Wilson,
pale silvery lavender with a darker eye. It is a perfect ac-

companiment for Daffodils. Vivid is a lovely brilliant pink
showing- finely as a foreground for P. divaricata. The Bride
and Nelsoni are fine white forms, the latter much less compact
in habit than the others and inclined to be less hardy. A very
pretty picture is created by planting Grape Hyacinths thickly
beneath the spreading mats of the ordinary pinky magenta
form. When the plants become untidy and straggling they
may be taken up and divided, the pieces being set out in a
frame of sandy soil or in a partially shaded, well-drained
border. All the dwarf Phloxes are much helped by a dressing
of sandy loam worked in among the shoots immediately after
flowering.

PHLOX DIVARICATA OR “WILD SWEET WILLIAM”

Flowering in tulip time this Phlox delightfully companions the Dar-
wins with whose rose, bronze, and deep purple the pure lavender
of its massed bloom makes rare harmony. The Arendsi Phloxes
are said to be hybrids of this and the Hardy Perennial variety

BUILDING AN ORCHARD FROM A CITY DESK

WALTER COLLINS O’KANE

An Actual Account of One Man Who Has Made a Producing
Property out of Waste Land While Holding Down a City Job

SOST city men that I know have some sort of an idea in
their heads about owning a farm or an orchard.

A few, possessed of means to get whatever they
want, have “bought a place” and are somewhere on
that road of experience that begins by referring with pride to the
potatoes that cost twenty-five cents apiece and ends in a desire
to make even a place bought for fun pay its own way. Their
experience is not particularly interesting to anybody except
themselves.

Most of the rest — the ninety and nine — take it out in wishing.
They have their jobs to hold down, their children to raise and
educate. Each year they talk it over, but there is never money
enough on hand to buy a producing property that is big enough
to provide an income, move upon it, stock it, run it, and hold out
a reserve fund for lean years.

The account that follows is the story of the hundredth man,
of my friend, John Watson, who has built himself a commercial
orchard, from the ground up, while holding down a desk job
in a city. It is all fact, without any omissions, corrections
or additions.

THE kind of a job that Watson holds is not essentially dif-
ferent from that of a lot of men. It neither lends itself to a
farm as a side-line nor does it particularly stand in the way. His
duties require his competent attention, and he is not especially
free to come and go, nor can he be absent for half-days whenever
he wishes. He has his Sundays, and the usual vacation in
summer. His salary is reasonably comfortable — the kind that
goes with a position of responsibility and is just big enough to
let a man save a few hundred dollars a year, if he is willing to
forego luxuries of all kinds.

Watson did not have an early training fitting him to be a
successful orchardist. But he is no fool. Long ago he began
studying bulletins and books and reading the periodical press.
He has turned the force of a good, active brain into the skilful,
consistent building of a plan. Persistently he has made the
most of his talents, centred his spare time on this project, pro-
fited by his mistakes, and kept clear of a slackened enthusiasm
on the one hand or a reckless tangent on the other. He knows
more about scientific orcharding to-day than most graduates
of pomology in our agricultural colleges.

From the first, and all the time since, he has had the advan-
tage of the active interest and help of his wife. He says that
probably he would not have succeeded without her, and I
presume that there is a good deal of truth in the statement.
Perhaps it is the major part of the secret.

TEN years ago Watson bought twenty-six acres of wild land
a few miles out from the city in which he works. It is an
eastern city, one of the largest. Its suburbs extend on and on in
most directions, and there are large towns dotted everywhere
and other cities not far away. Trolley-lines and steam-lines
criss-cross the countryside. Nevertheless, as is usually the
case with our big centres of population, you can find genuine
country within decent reach if you look for it.

The land was selected for its location and topography, and
not for what was growing on it. It is a few steps from a trolley
and a steam railway station, and close by is a motor thorough-
fare that carries thousands of automobiles daily and leads
straight into the heart of the city.

Most of the acres are hill-slopes, with no great height. The
soil is not describable in any one term. Some is deep and good;
some is fair; some is so thin that ledges of rock crop out through
it. Much of it drains of its own accord, but there are places that
had to be doctored. In general it is well adapted for orchard
purposes.

It looked like nothing worth having the day it was bought.
Originally it had been covered with forest. Twenty-three
years earlier this had been cut. The lumberman took all the
trees of value, except two small groves of young Pine near the
road. For a generation, then, the tract grew up to bushes,
scrub Oaks, and gray Birches. It was a thicket, a section of
waste land, bearing a crop of cordwood if any one cared to
harvest that commodity — which no one had so far done. You
would as soon think of starting an orchard in this as you would
of laying out a tennis court.

Watson paid a thousand dollars for the twenty-six acres. He
was buying with his eyes open, and was getting the kind of
topography and location that he wanted. There were no build-
ings of any kind on the tract. As farms go, this was not the
kind of a place to give a second thought to. It couldn’t grow
a crop of Pigweed without clearing, and clearing is a tedious
process. But it had the fundamentals of orchard property.

A PROPOSITION was made to neighbors to help themselves
to cordwood, provided they would burn the brush. Or-
dinarily firewood on the stump is considered to possess a stump-
age value, even though there may be large quantities of it going
to waste. This is on the principle that anything is worth some-
thing. The offer of free stumpage, in an accessible location,
started the process of clearing and began to make a hole in the
shaggy growth covering the tract. The wood was not all cut in
one year. It was a gradual process, extending over several seasons.

181

182

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

lot were in the ground by the spring of
the second season.

Except for a small shipment these
were the last apple trees that Watson
bought. He began to raise his own.

THE ORIGINAL PURCHASE

Only a man of constructive imagination would have seen in this rocky,
scraggily-wooded piece of roadside land the promise of an orchard

A ten by twelve shack was built, big enough to hold a stove,
a pick and shovel, and some shelves for dishes for the owner and
his wife on their Sunday visits.

The neighbors cut cordwood and burned the brush, but na-
turally they left the stumps. Presently a stump-puller was
bought, and in course of time two acres were cleared of the stubs
of Oak and Birch. It seemed too expensive a process and later
was abandoned. On the rest of the place the stumps were cut
off as close to the ground as could be managed and left to decay.
Looking back, Watson is inclined to believe now that clean
clearing with the stump-puller should have been continued
through the whole piece because the work of caring for the land
between the fruit trees would have been facilitated, and the trees
themselves encouraged to better growth. For several years
most of the place had to be mowed by hand, which is expensive
as compared with a horse and a machine. Now the old stubs
are rotted or hacked out, and the machine can go anywhere.

As time went on trees were culled for lumber from the two
small groves that had been left standing when the tract was
logged. With this lumber the shack was enlarged and a porch
built on the front of it, and near by a substantial bungalow
was built. There is still enough material
on hand for a barn. The groves from which
these trees were culled have been benefited
by the process. They are to-day beautiful
knolls, clothed in whispering Pines and car-
peted with brown needles.

After the shack was built and made habit-
able, Watson and his wife moved a few es-
sentials to the place and began to live there
throughout the summer season, Watson
himself going to the city each morning to his
job, and returning at night. They have
done that each summer ever since.

The winter after he bought the ground
Watson sent for his first lot of apple trees —
a hundred of them. According to schedule
there was to be enough land cleared by the
next spring to provide a place for them.

The schedule failed to work out. Neighbors
had cut some cordwood, but you couldn’t
reasonably put young fruit stock into the
kind of a scrambled layout that was so far
available. The trees were heeled in tem-
porarily, and the next fall and winter three
hundred more were ordered. The whole

IT WAS two or three years after this
that 1 happened to visit Watson’s
place, and there saw his scheme in oper-
ation. We were sitting in the shack.
Watson took down a tin tobacco box
from a shelf, opened it, and showed me
a handful of dried apple seeds. These
were Tolmans. In another box were
Macintosh, and in another Spy.

The plan was something like this.
In a suitable spot on his place Watson
prepared ground for growing apple seed-
lings. In the winter he bought apples to
eat, and saved the seeds for this private
fruit-tree nursery. The seeds were
planted in rows in the fall or early
spring. By midsummer he had a lot of
good, thrifty plants. In August he
budded these seedlings to the varieties
that he wished. By late fall the young trpes were ready to
set out.

I asked him what he gained by this procedure. One thing that
he derived from it, of course, was the satisfaction of knowing
his trees from their infancy. He was a sort of god-father to
them. There is naturally a greater interest and pride in a thing
that you have raised yourself. Again, there was never any
question as to a variety coming true to name. Furthermore,
his trees could be moved to their permanent location with a
minimum of set-back due to the process of moving. They were
out of their seed-bed one minute and into their final location
the next.

But aside from these advantages he was selecting his bud-
sticks from mature trees whose performance he had watched.
For example, there was a big Gravenstein in a neighboring
orchard that bore heavily and consistently and in general com-
ported itself as an exceptionally good tree. All of Watson’s
Gravensteins are reared from scions taken from that tree.

Last summer I asked him if this plan actually gave appre-
ciably better results than buying standard stock. His reply
was that it certainly did not give inferior results, and if there

THE DREAM COME TRUE

Energy, coupled with persistence, has wrought a complete transformation and within a short
eight years the hopeless looking wood lot shown above has been forced into paying productivity

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

183

was anything to be gained by it he wanted the benefit. His trees
have done well. The Gravensteins have come into bearing
five years from the time he planted the seeds for the stocks.
Hundreds of trees of several varieties that were seeds in a tin
box seven years ago bore this last summer crops of one to two
bushels per tree. Some bettered even that record and bore a
bushel or more this summer at the end of six years from the time
of the seedling.

MACINTOSH SEEDLINGS
Planted in the fall and photographed the following August

DIFFERENT varieties produce stocks that are different in
their characteristics. Tolman gives a seedling with abun-
dant roots, well adapted to dry land. From which it may be
seen that the scheme of home-raised stock, as Watson does it,
permits him to select not only his fruiting varieties, but the
character of stock on which they shall grow.

Quinces are a success in the orchard. The first lot was set
out two years after the ground was bought. Other plantings
followed. The ground beneath the trees is heavily mulched,
and they have thrived. Their fruit commands a high price.
For the last three years they have paid the taxes on the farm.

Peaches have been profitable, coming into bearing early and
bringing a high price, with customers in autos taking the output
and hauling it away in their
cars. The choice of varieties
has resolved itself into two: a
yellow — Rochester, and a
white — Carmen. It is the yel-
low-flesh peach that the public
demands for canning. The
white-flesh variety finds its
sale among customers who
want a dessert fruit or one to
eat uncooked. Nowadays
Watson raises his own Peach
trees just as he raises his own
Apples.

Cherries have yielded well,
and the trees are easily cared
for. A hundred of these were
planted seven years ago, and
another block of a hundred
and fifty were set out two
years later. The drawback in
cherries has been the expense
of picking. Hand labor comes
high.

SIX YEARS AGO A SMALL SEEDLING
This tree is already bearing two bushels of apples. The variety is Delicious

THE PROFITABLE QUINCE

Quinces have proved a good investment, two rows
of them paying the taxes on the entire orchard

Plums have not panned out.
Fifty trees were planted, but
the fruit did not sell. Much
of it was given away to neigh-
bors. The trouble with plums
in this region seems to be that
people will buy them only for
canning, and they haven’t es-
pecially wanted them for that.
The best sales of fruit lie in
the kinds that are good to eat
uncooked as well as to can.

Two rows of Raspberry
bushes have been money-
makers, taking into account
the limited amount of space
that they occupy and the rea-
sonable amount of care that
they demand. The sales of
this fruit have totaled nearly
a hundred dollars in favor-
able seasons.

Strawberries have been
grown only for home use until
the last year or two, though there has been an abundance for that
purpose. Recently people have been coming in autos to buy
Strawberry plants, and the sales of these are beginning to
amount to something.

One fruit grows wild on the place, sells well, and brings a
high price: blueberries. There are patches where one can
easily pick two or three quarts an hour. The berries are un-
usually large. Every bushel that was available this last sum-
mer sold at the rate of forty cents a quart.

During one period since Watson bought the place he has been
able to maintain a flock of poultry, through the agency of a
properly interested hired man. I he interest and skill of the
hired help is the key to a proposition of that kind. Throughout
that period, amounting to four years, there were a hundred or
more hens on hand. They earned a good surplus.

The question of help in the orchard has been settled in the
following manner. Watson has hunted up the best farm hand
he could find, paid whatever was necessary to get him, and then
hung on to him as long as he could, hiring him usually throughout
the year in order to be sure of a competent man.

He has hired only three different men in the eight years since
the place was far enough advanced to need a man. The first
man stayed through two summers and a winter. He was

184

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

paid ten dollars a week, and had his house and some other
perquisites. The next man stayed four years, was paid forty
dollars a month, and received in addition a house, garden stuff,
firewood, a dozen eggs a week, and sometimes a
chicken. This is the man that kept the poul-
try plant going. The third man has
been on hand for three years, except
for a winter at a war job. He re-
ceived three dollars a day the
first year, then three fifty,
and last year was paid four
fifty. That is high wages,
but Watson’s way of look-
ing at it is that he’d
rather have one man at
four-fifty than two men
of the two-fifty quality.

There is no necessary
orchard work to re-
quire a man on the
place through all of the
winter months. Work
has to be hunted up.

The man’s time is partly
taken up in felling trees
for lumber and hauling
logs to the mill, partly in
cutting cordwood, partly
in the usual winter tasks in
an orchard. Permanent
employment is the price of
good help.

THE system of orchard practice fol-
lowed is cultivation twice a year; first
in May or June and again in the late fall. A
disk harrow is used. In some spots the ground
is stony, and it is necessary to stir up the soil
around the trees by hand. Stable manure is
bought as fertilizer. Forty pounds is used to
the tree. The ground was limed once, five years ago.

For five years a horse was hired in summer. This was ex-
pensive. Two years ago Watson bought a good horse and now
keeps him on the place all the time. All of the hay required for
feed is cut on the farm. Some oats are raised, though not
enough. The problem of horse feed is the principal difficulty
resulting from horse ownership. Otherwise it is an advantage
to have the animal available throughout the year.

THE first sales of apples came along eight years after the
first stick of cordwood was cut in the thicket that con-
stituted the original purchase. The crop was forty bushels.
The next year the harvest was a hundred and fifty bushels, and
the past season it was over six hundred bushels. I n other words,
at the end of ten years from the first clearing of the land the
Apple trees have returned a crop that completely offsets the
year’s expense account.

So far the fruit is commanding a high price, and in all likeli-

hood it will continue to do so. The orchard is made up of
dessert apples — not the kind that you buy bv the barrel and put
away for winter use, but the fruit-stand varieties — Macintosh,
Delicious, Gravenstein and the like. Much of the
crop brings four dollars a bushel; some of the
best, five dollars. This means of course,
that the fruit must be perfect ; and it is.

IN RETURN for his outlay
1 Watson has a well-nigh per-
fect commercial orchard of approxi-
mately twelve hundred trees, many of which are now coming into
profitable bearing. He has an attractive place, well arranged, and
situated in strategic position with reference to a big city. Scores
of people in automobiles stop to look at it. It looks good.

Aside from these tangible things there are some that are
intangible, but are none the less w'orth while. It is difficult
even to define them: the pleasure of creating a substantial
property; the mental stimulation of solving problems; the sus-
tained interest in a going enterprise — you will understand the
kind of things that I mean. Watson and his wife have found an
unusual and a continuous satisfaction in building their place that
has been worth something to them not measurable in dollars.

© J.G. SbowtU

THE expenditure on the place
has totaled about fifteen
hundred dollars a year
through the ten years since
the land was bought. This
includes various improve-
ments in addition to the
trees; for example — the
cabin and the bunga-
low; a stone w^all along
the front of the prop-
erty; a water system,
including a branch line
to the highest point in
the orchard, so that irri-
gation may be practised
if desired; lumber for a
barn ; a garage. Sales of
small fruits, peaches, and
apples have helped to foot
the bill for annual upkeep.
Doing it over again Watson
might alter his programme to
the extent of choosing land
that could be intercropped to
better advantage while the
trees were coming into bear-
ing. Thus the annual outgo
would be decreased. But
it might not be possible to
do this and at the same time
secure both location and to-
pography, which are essentials
in the future of the place.

COLOR CHARTS FOR GARDENERS

FLETCHER STEELE, F. A. S. L. A.

Member-at-Large, Garden Club of America

Editor's Note: — Color description of flowers is one of the greatest uncertainties, not to say annoyances of gardening. It has
intrigued the fancy of many writers and the possibility of settlement still seems quite remote. One seriously disturbing factor is that
different people actually see color differently ; in other words the sensation we call color varies with each individual. At the same time
any near approach to a universal standard color nomenclature would unquestionably be welcomed by all.

VVAtHAT color is Aubrietia Leichtlinii?” asked Cousin Fanny.

Then the fuss began. “ Look in the ‘ English Flower
Garden.’ That has everything.” This from Mother.
Uk'/oS Quiet for a few minutes.

“William Robinson must know a lot, but he left out some
important information about Aubrietia deltoidea Leichtlinii,”
finally came from my gardening cousin.

Father went for the “Century Book of Gardening” which
is his final authority because he bought it himself in London.

“It’s here,” he said condescendingly, “but 1 guess the color
is unimportant. It just says rose.”

The “Cyclopedia of Horticulture” said “pink flowers.” A
nursery catalogue said “ pretty shade of deep pink.” Reginald
Farrer in his rock garden book called it crimson. Finally
Fanny bull-dozed little Dick to run across the street for “The
Garden Month by Month.”

“‘Pink 31, deeper and redder.’ What does that mean?
Oh yes, the colors are in the front. Where’s 31? — Well of all
ghastly horrors! Bright magenta! Why it can’t be. There
must be some mistake. If only I had a sample of the true
color right here in my hand!”

COUSIN Fanny’s difficulty was foreseen by many a deep
student and the end of color classification and the making
of color charts is not yet. Even when many of the schemes,
French, German, English, and American have been studied by
the gardener, but little of practical use is found. We can get
charts, however, and if we insist that the nurseries describe
their plants by a recognized color chart as a standard for the
common use of all, we may soon solve the problem.

Classification of Colors

THE most useful and simple scheme of color classification is
that of Dr. Denman W. Ross, of Harvard University.
He is primarily interested in the color combinations and tone
relations of the painter. In order to elucidate his theories it was
first necessary to create a standard of nomenclature by which
any hue, value and intensity of color could be expressed ac-
curately in terms abbreviated so as to become shorthand
symbols. He has succeeded so well that it is now possible, with
a photograph and a dozen hieroglyphics, for a student to re-
produce with surprising fidelity the colors of a painting which
he has never seen.

His elementary scheme divides the values from white to
black nine times: White (Wt), High Light (H Lt), Light (Lt),
Low Light (L Lt), Middle (M), High Dark (H D), Dark (D),
Low Dark (L D), and Black (Blk). It is based on a completed
circuit of the spectrum of colors: Red (R), Orange (O), Yellow
(Y), Green (G), Blue (B), and Violet (V), with their inter-
mediates Red Orange (R O), Violet Red (V R), etc. It divides
color intensity into four parts (e. g. brightest possible red, red
one half or three quarters less bright, etc., always of the same
value). There are other divisions of color-neutralization
which we do not need to consider here.

To define any tone one must name its value, its color and the
degree of color intensity (neutralization). Doctor Ross gives
the following example.

ROTN

VR

“This means that a spot of Violet Red (Dark, full intensity)
is put on a ground-tone of Middle Red-Orange, half neutralized.”
It would be impossible to describe better the petals of certain
Oriental Poppies.

Once understood, it is easy to subdivide the terms in any
direction. A color between Orange- Yellow and Yellow, a little
nearer orange would be Orange Orange Yellow, and so on.

Obviously such a scheme used to describe flowers which also
included the exact green of their foliage, would be of immense
use to flower lovers. Moreover, it would do away with any
necessity of carrying about a color chart. A gardener visiting
a show or another garden would be able to describe accurately
any flower color with four or five letters and figures, no matter
how complicated. But there is one real disadvantage in this
scheme for the average man. It requires considerable study
to master the details in the first place.

Colored charts are not published with any of Doctor Ross’
books. He made a careful study of color printing and con-
cluded that printed color was likely to change with time and
exposure to light, even if accurate reproductions of color tones
could be made. This conclusion of an expert should be re-
membered by the owners of color charts, who should use all
possible care not to leave them unnecessarily exposed to the
light. Moreover, it would be well to compare them, say at
five-year intervals, with some standard by which any fading or
changing color could be noted.

Chart Made for Florists

THE simplest chart made for use in matching flower colors
was arranged by F. Schuyler Mathews for the use of
florists. It is called, “A Chart of Correct Colors for Flowers,”
and was published as a supplement to the American Florist,
August 17th, 1895. On one white sheet are printed thirty-six
small squares of named and numbered colors. By removing the
printing it can be mounted on linen, folded over once, and
fitted easily into a pocket.

The colors are harsh, but at least they are definite. Of the
light tones only the yellows are good. But the darker reds,
violets, and purple are helpful for charting certain plants.
It was used by my fellow landscape architect, Harold Hill
Blossom, in making his invaluable “List of Hybrid Lilacs”
( Landscape Architecture, Vol. V., No. 3,) at the Arnold Arbore-
tum. He does not recommend its use with Rhododendrons.
He finds it of doubtful value for Asters and Gladiolus, as it lacks
discrimination in mauve tints and in distinctions between scarlet
and pink. He finds it passable for Phlox except for scarlet
and crimson shades. Otherwise the chart is too limited to be
worth much trouble. The main point in its favor is con-
venience.

THE “Chart Showing the Colors of Garden Flowers”
(bound in with “The Garden Month by Month”) by Mabel
Cabot Sedgwick is next better for ordinary use. Here we
find sixty-three blocks of printed color, rather well graded, on a
white background. The pale yellows and one or two pale pinks
and pale lilacs are fairly good. The blues are better repre-
sented than in the Mathews chart. The reds, magentas, and
violets are rather useful. But on the whole only the most
superficial observers will be satisfied with the results obtained

185

186

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

with this chart. Even with some imagination it is difficult to
think of our gorgeous flowers in such dull garb as the “ Brilliant
Violet’’ and “Golden Yellow” found on the printed page. On
the other hand, we are indebted to these pioneers in color charts
in America. They did the best they could with the material
at hand and taught us how real is our need for a standard
nomenclature.

This confusion of nomenclature is emphasized by the two
charts. The colors printed are similar, where not identical, in
the two. Possibly the colors of the Mathews chart have the
advantage in intensity. But, literally, in not one case do the
names of colors agree in the two charts. If experts disagree,
how can bewildered amateurs hope to know what is meant in a
catalogue written by equally amateurish colorists, admitting
that both may be horticultural experts? Warning! avoid
using both Mathews and Sedgwick charts.

The Most Comprehensive Chart

THE nearest complete color chart arranged exclusively for
use with plants and flowers is the “ Repertoire des Cou-
leurs,” done to aid in the determination of the colors of flowers,
foliage, and fruit, published in 1905 by the“Societefranfaisedes
Chrysanthemistes.” In a general way it follows the nomen-
clature and arrangement laid down by Chevreul, one of the
earliest and most intelligent students of color in its relation to
the arts and industry, and a pioneer in the study of flower color
combinations. The divisions follow the spectrum colors cir-
cuited as usual. But they are elaborated in such a way as will
be particularly useful to students of flower color. There are
twenty-five iridescent mineral colors (gold, silver, amethyst,
etc.) and three hundred and forty mat colors, printed on white,
generally, though not always, in four tones. A numbered plate
is devoted to each named hue.

We must applaud in this work the best sort of international
cooperative endeavor. As a result of its publication one might
formerly (salaams to Quarantine 37) order new plants with
color descriptions according to this chart from nurserymen in
Holland, France, the United States and probably elsewhere.
Had the war not intervened it is possible that this chart would
have stood unrivalled as the universal international standard for
flower color.

It has advantages and disadvantages. It comes unbound.
It is easier to compare a loose sheet of paper to a flower than a
small block of color in a bound book. On the other hand, loose
sheets get scattered and lost. They are left forgotten in the
sunlight and then rapidly deteriorate.

Each block of color is of generous size — approximately ij"
x if" The printing is by no means scientifically accurate,
however. Many colors are dirty and more faded than the
flowers they are said to match, before they have been exposed
to the light. In ten years I fear that many of the plates
will be worthless even with the best of care. And when using,
one would always be uneasy about the extent of the actual
change from the original tone.

Last and worst, the “ Repertoire des Couleurs” is out of print
and in all probability will not be republished for a long time, if
ever. It is well to know about the “Repertoire,” but for
practical purposes, a thing we cannot get might as well not exist.

A Chart for Practical Use

THE most practical color chart for gardeners made by an
American is found in Dr. Robert Ridgway’s “Color Stand-
ards and Color Nomenclature.” It contains fifty-three color
plates and one thousand, one hundred and fifteen named colors
on small blocks pasted on a light gray background (which is
appreciably better than white for the purposes of color match-
ing). Each hue is as accurate and as near fast color as labor-
atory experiment and admirable printing can produce.

It is based on the six spectrum colors with the circuit com-
pleted between violet and red. Selections from the infinite
possibilities, are composed in arbitrary arrangement, as must

be the case with all charts. But the selection is made ac-
cording to a scientific order. The first twelve plates purport
to show “pure, spectrum colors and intermediate hues, each
with its vertical scale of tints (upward toward white) and shades
(downward toward black) . . . The remaining plates

show the same thirty-six colors or hues in exactly the same order
and similarly modified . . . but all the colors are dulled

by admixture of neutral gray, the first series containing 32
per cent. . . . the second 58 per cent., the third 77 per

cent., and the fourth 90 per cent. The last three plates show
the six spectrum colors . . . still further dulled by ad-
mixture of 93.5 per cent, of neutral gray. . . .”

The progress of each tone from white to black is in nine
colors, as in Doctor Ross’ classification. The process around
the color circuit is more complicated, there being ten hues be-
tween red and yellow, thirteen between yellow and blue, eleven
between blue and red, and thirty-six in all including the primary
colors. Consequently, there is a wide range of colors between
yellow and blue (which includes all greens), a somewhat smaller
variety between blue and red (which includes all violets) and
still fewer between red and yellow (which includes all oranges).
But in all cases there are a sufficient number of charted colors
and their variations to satisfy the most fastidious. The
classification allows for the determination by symbols of inter-
mediate colors between those displayed and named on the chart.
The charts are bound in a small, convenient volume easily kept
closed, which does away with unnecessary exposure to the light.
Finally, the book can be had in a week through any book dealer.

From the viewpoint of the color purist there is one adverse
criticism of Doctor Ridgway’s classification. In every case his
“full,” by which he means most intense color, is found in the
middle value between white and black. We do not need to be
color physicists to know that all colors are not most brilliant
at the middle of the value scale. Indeed Doctor Ridgway
suggests this fact under his definition of “ Luminosity” on page
20. But he attempts to distinguish between “Luminosity”
or “Degree of brightness” and “Chroma” which he calls
“ Purity, intensity or fullness of color.” This is confusing and,
it would seem, inaccurate. The result is, approximately speak-
ing, that his color Scarlet (PI. I, 5) and Benzol Green (PI. VI 1,
41) are the only colors in the book which are actually as intense
as possible, since their utmost intensity happens to lie in the
middle value. Theoretically, his most intense yellow and purple
relatively should most lose in maximum brilliancy, for yellow is
yellowest next to white and purple is most purple nearest to
black. Actually this has resulted in a curious visual break in
the chart. (It must be admitted that our eyes easily deceive
us in considering color and we have Doctor Ridgway’s word for
the scientific accuracy of his results). The only vertical
columns (scale of values through a color from white to black)
in the chart which appear to be “jerky” (badly graded) are
yellow (Lemon yellow PI. IV, 23) and violet (Spectrum violet
PI. X, 59) and those immediately adjacent. The most intense
“Lemon” yellow seems too light to stand next the next darker
“ Pyrite” yellow and inversely, the “Spectrum” violet too dark
to stand next “Light” violet. In other words, the true value
at which the color is most intense has apparently been dragged
to the arbitrary middle value which Doctor Ridgway has
selected to show his “full” color. The color purist would like
to see the most brilliant yellow where “Martius” yellow (PI.
IV, 23O stands, and the richest purple where he sees the dull
“Blackish” violet (PI. X, 59m), and the other colors most
brilliant in their own naturally most intense value.

IN COLOR nomenclature as in all else, we want and should
have only the best. 1 feel convinced that the American
gardener, even after studying the “Repertoire des Couleurs” i
and Ridgway’s “Color Standards and Color Nomenclature”
(no other work can compete with either of them for first place)
will unanimously agree to adopt the American as the better
of the two, in permanence, accuracy, and convenience.

ADDED MOST TO THE BEAUTY OF THE SHOW

So thought the judges who awarded to this display from Mr. Adolph Lewisohn the Sweepstakes Cup of the Garden Club of America.
It was a misty foam of dainty color harmony, ethereal and shimmering, wonderfully rich in greenhouse flowers of the season set in a
base of Primula malacoides with Buddleia asiatica showering in the background. The tone throughout was of soft "pastel” quality

NEW YORK’S SPRING FEAST OF FLOWERS

rWIJ! H E annual spring floral festival that New York has now
staged for the eighth time has achieved, in the year’s
icIlSSl cycle of events of interest to the gardener, a place that
makes it much more than a New York incident.
Rather it has become truly national in interest.

Its promoters call it International — which of course it is not,
never was, and (with Quarantine 37 in operation) cannot be!
Its stamp of national interest is achieved by the supporting
attendance of visitors from all parts of the Union and not from
any marked national support by the exhibitions, which is not a
critical observation, but merely a statement of fact. The truth
is that the material of the New York Flower Show is local.
It is none the worse for that, however; a flower show must per-
force be dominated by the productions of those growers in the
neighborhood of the place of the display.

The flower show that was held in the Grand Central Palace
March 14th to 20th scores an advance over all previous efforts
in spectacular effect, and in that respect it stands unique. This
was due to the “gardens” of which there were four, each cover-
ing an area of a thousand square feet. Though to a degree
artificial and false, they yet carried a feeling of realism when
looked at as entities. In analysis such attempts fall to pieces
because of the fact that the effects produced are made through
the suggestive use of materials that could not possibly be had in
actual planting. At the same time, such displays do point a
lesson in the principles of development and — perhaps best of all
— exhibit plant materials in effective action, so to speak, which
impresses the visitors with the decorative utility of the material
rather than the cultural perfection of the individual specimen.

The latter standard is designed to intrigue the professional
grower, by whom the shows are made; but any educational value
to the public will be in the demonstrated use of the plant. The
average person grows plants for the harvest of beauty, and the
New York Show has been regularly stepping ahead in empha-
sizing this in the leading display classes. It is a new era in
flower show standards.

The cooperation of the Garden Club of America added another
feature of striking appeal and demonstration in the use of the
garden as a place of beauty and harmony. Prizes were offered
for a bird bath and its setting, thus introducing another novel
feature in which a number of local garden clubs took part.
The City Gardens Club has, as its object, the amelioration of
the crowded city districts by the introduction of “gardened”
courts, window boxes, etc., to relieve the bareness, and an
appropriate demonstration of two adjoining plots, one redeemed,
the other littered in the, alas, normal way, was convincing
enough.

But the culturist was not without objects to interest him,
either. Mr. Coe’s marvelous Camellias; Mrs. Constable’s
Acacia and Clivea group; Mrs. Payne Whitney’s Primulas and
other spring flowers of the greenhouse; Mr. Adolph Lewisohn’s
plants of like nature; Mrs. W. B. Thompson’s richly colored and
multiformed Crotons — all such still live in memory after the
doors of the exhibition close. Orchids, always intriguing both
to the gardener and the merely curious casual observer, were
given their share of honors: J. B. Duke and A. N. Cooley having
exhibits in the amateur collection, with major displays from
such trade powers as Lager & Hurrell and Julius Roehrs & Co.

188

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

Of actual novelties there were
few, perhaps the most striking
being the brilliant red Cluster
Rose, Paul’s Scarlet Climber,
which glowed as if afire. Evi-
dently a good pillar Rose, it has
heavy, conspicuously large indi-
vidual blooms, albeit not many
to the cluster — but the intensity
of the color! It’s indescribable.
Then there was Mr. Scheeper’s
White Amaryllis, pure white, in-
deed! Mr. Gillette’s garden of
forced native plants caught the
attention of the connoisseur by
sheer merit — it was a “novelty”
of idea, but much seems yet to be
learned in the gentle art of forcing
our delectable natives for display
purposes.

THE IDLE HOUR GARDEN

A winding walk lined on each side with a
rich variety of shrubs and herbaceous
plants, and leading to a greenhouse, holds
attractive suggestion for the outdoor gar-
den of a plant lover, (Julius Roehrs)

WHEN AZALEAS BLOOM

In the Bobbink & Atkins display Indian Azaleas of the garden variety, used in massed beds, made a frenzied riot of color
with Roses; and over the restful arbor a Wisteria vine twined. Flowering shrubs and dwarf Evergreens framed the whole

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

189

A GARDEN OF DREAMS

Winning the prize in a contest of four display gardens, John Scheepers
Inc., had a triumph of harmony and practical possibility in this
display of Darwin Tulips and violet Pansies, with Hyacinths of
delicate blue. Forced spring trees relieved the Cedar background

BIRD BATHS AND PLANTING BY GARDEN CLUBS

The Silver Cup (ist prize) was awarded to the Garden Club of Somer-
set Hills, N. J. (above); Silver Medal, 2nd prize, went to the effective
arrangement of Mrs. G. M. Stout for the Short Hills Garden Club
(left), also winning the Gold Medal for the best Garden Club exhibit

190

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

CUT ORCHIDS FROM BELGIUM

This spray of Cymbidium Paulwelsi (by Muller-
Sealy Co.), imported from Belgium, demon-
strates the lasting quality of the Orchid bloom

WINDOW BOX FOR A CITY HOUSE

The City Gardens Club placed its approval on the creation of the Larchmont Garden Club
(Mrs. R. C. Heather). Paris Daisy, Zonal Geranium, Variegated Vinca, and English Ivy

GOLDEN OPHELIA ROSE

Of the newer Roses for general
utility this promises to achieve a
first rank place (Chas. Totty Co.)

PURE WHITE AMARYLLIS

Named by permission in honor of the First Lady
of the Land, Mrs. Florence Harding. A unique
novelty, without the slightest touch of color

DWARF EVERGREENS FOR PICTORIAL RELIEF IN
BORDER PLANTING AND BEDDING

HENRY WILD

Landscape Gardener and Planter

HAVE become so used to planting the beds and bor-
ders in our gardens to flowers that only to mention the
Poss>bility of Evergreens for bedding is to invite dis-
cussion. Yet the admission of Evergreens really affords
opportunity to redeem the accustomed outlook of the garden
during winter.

We certainly go to extremes in our gardens. When they are
devoted entirely to summer flowers the month of November
invariably finds the space that has been the centre of interest
all summer and fall now become desolate; but even gardens that
are required for the summer months only may be greatly en-
hanced by the introduction of a few Evergreens into the planting
scheme, and these may be set out with advantage at this time
of year. When planted in borders or beds, glowing color
schemes may be attained by the golden and silver toned types
as high-light spots with the typical green-leafed forms as a
base. I recall the garden in which I received my first gardening
lesson as a boy, and the impression the Evergreens there made on
my young mind when spring came. The borders and beds were
planted with dwarf Evergreens and bulbs. When the Cottage
Tulips burst into bloom, I decided it was worth while being a
gardener. First impressions count!

Junipers and Yews

AMONG the Junipers and the Yews the planter will find
a number of forms suitable for use in the way of bedding,
especially the sprawling types of Juniperus which include varie-
ties as chinensis and striata, ideal for centre rows in small border
planting. Chinensis is one of the light grey-green colored forms,
while striata has many of its branches tipped with creamy white,
an effect that is quite rare in conifers.

The Irish Juniper is a stately, upright plant and may be used
freely to line paths, or on corners. Japonica aurea is the best
of the golden forms. It must be used cautiously, however, as a
little of this color goes a long way. Juniperus sabina is a semi-
erect form, very graceful in habit. It needs ample space for
growth, and it is better to use some of the more sprawling types
underneath it as a ground cover; such as the variety tamarisci-
folia. One known as prostrata is very low growing and may be
planted quite close to the edge of bed or path.

The common Juniper itself (Juniperus communis) will afford
an interesting diversion in any planting of Evergreens and will
cover more space in less time than any other member of the
family. This with the spreading variety of the Chinese Juniper
known as Pfitzeriana are the best types for lawn specimens where
wide spreading, semi-erect forms are preferred. Where the
surroundings are semi-wild in character the Junipers lend a
touch that blends delightfully with such an environment. Har-
mony is something to be studied with particular thought wher-
ever the garden has a natural setting of Cedars, Dogwoods,
Oaks, etc. In such cases it is well to follow nature’s lead in the
matter of simplicity and to make any artificial plantings con-
form as much as possible to the original in character.

The Yews are the nearest approach to our native Junipers in
habit but differ widely in their foliage which is larger, deep
black-green and flat. The Canadian Yew (Taxus canadensis)
is conspicuous by its broad, spreading habit in undergrowth.
The English Spreading Y ew (Taxus baccata repandens) is ideal for
planting in close proximity to the residence or garden gate
and differs from the typical English Yew only in habit. The

Japanese Yew (Taxus cuspidata brevifolia) is perhaps more
generally planted though I believe it to be no more hardy, with
perhaps the one exception of the repandens form. [There would
seem to be abundant evidence that the Japanese Yew is hardier
than the European; see, for example, the article on “Raising
Yews from Seed at Wellesley,” The Garden Magazine for
March. Ed.]. It has one great advantage in that it will grow
well in the shade, and is desirable on this account alone. So
few of the Evergreens are adapted for shady environments that
a planting of Hemlocks and Yews thriving in the shadow of
large trees always awakens interest.

Taxus cuspidata capitata is the most satisfactory upright
Yew, and is interesting planted singly in such places as corners
of paths etc. Many Yews were formerly imported every spring
that were absolutely useless for American gardens. They were
the common European, soft grown, dear at any price, and
have led people to the belief that all Yews are useless for our
gardens.

It is remarkable that most of the dwarf forms of Evergreens
will withstand severe climatic conditions better than the erect
forms. This is emphasized in the Yews. The tall upright
varieties will grow better in a group of other things, such as
Hemlock, which acts not only as a wind break, but also as a
shield from the bright rays of the sun. The Irish Yew, an up-
right form of the common European, is not “soft.”

Spring Protection from Sun

WHERE Yews receive shade from Elm or Maple trees during
the warmer part of the day they will survive the winter
without any protection. Where they are growing on the south
side of the residence or wall, receiving the full rays of the sun in
winter, the foliage thaws out rapidly even after a zero spell and
that is when the damage is done, in such places a spring shield
of some sort is necessary.

The best form of protection in a position of this kind is that
which is given by a few boughs of Pine, Hemlock, or Cedar. The
boughs retain their foliage well into the spring and should be
left there until most of the foliage falls off naturally, allowing the
sunlight to penetrate gradually. Trees or plants in artificial
shade all winter will often suffer if uncovered on a bright day.
It is far better to remove covering on a cloudy day. The
Junipers will stand without protection but, if planted in late
fall, a covering during the first winter will help a good deal.

Dwarf Pines and Others

THOUGH not so numerous as the dwarf Junipers, there are
some yet very interesting types of dwarf Pines for low
plantings and specimens. The Mugho Pines alone will supply
an interesting variation of types from which many may be
selected for small beds and rock work. Even in a young stage
the dwarf forms are conspicuous by their short growth and
needles.

The Swiss Stone Pine (Pinus cembra) grows in a pyramidal
form and may be used to advantage in formal plantings where
Cedars would be too high. This has gray-green foliage that
contrasts well with Pinus mughus. The Japan Table Pine is a
dwarf type of light green color, almost flat on top, and very in-
teresting as the pollen develops. It is a form of Pinus densi-
flora. The growth remains close to the stem and will often
touch the ground, giving the appearance of a compact ball.

191

192

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

Arthur G. Eldredge, Photo.

the recently introduced Picea albertiana
(so called), and many others more or
less rare, which will appeal to the col-
lector; but my view has been to speak
here for the masses.

The varieties of Box have always taken
an important part in evergreen borders
and beds. As it has become difficult to
procure of late, in the future it will likely
be propagated and grown in America,
which should produce a type of Box
that will prove hardier and much more
serviceable than formerly.

As an evergreen ground cover Pachy-
sandra terminalis is one of the best;
when grown in the shade, the foliage is
much darker than when in sunlight. This
plant makes underground stems and in-
creases rapidly when established. When
planting always lay the stems flat, not
straight down or bunched. Spread out
the roots, this gives them a better chance
to grow and spread. Beds of Evonymus
vegeta and Carrierei are very attractive
especially where strict formality is not
the rule. These types of Evonymus will
answer in many places where the exposure
is too great for Box and Yews.

DWARF EVERGREENS IN THE BORDER

Retinispora, Arborvitae, and Spruce interspersed with Agaves
and potted Oranges. Residence of Mr. Busley, Glen Cove, L 1.

DWARF SWISS MOUNTAIN PINE

Very distinctive in habit, the Mugho Pine (Pinus
montana Mughus) adds character to any planting

The Spruce is represented by at least three desirable varieties
for bedding. Picea excelsa Maxwelli is very slow growing, and
when the young growth appears in spring it is really beautiful.
The Conical Spruce (Picea excelsa conica) makes a very dense
growth ; so close that it is impossible to see the parent stem. I his
is excellent for narrow beds, also front plantings, but is too
compact for rock work. Gregory’s Spruce is perhaps the best
known dwarf Spruce, and can be used to advantage with dwarf
Pines as the foliage textures harmonize. There are a number
of dwarfs such as Hick’s Hemlock, Globe Dwarf Umbrella Pine,

Soil Preparation and Planting

THE preparation of the soil will count
a great deal in the final results. It
is well to stop here and consider these
first steps. One of the best methods is as follows. Mark out
the length and width of the border; if in turf, this can be cut
off and used elsewhere; if not, dig it under. Start at one end
of the bed and throw out a section of soil one foot deep and two
feet wide, stir the soil at the bottom another foot deep, then mix
in any material from the compost heap, add a sprinkling of bone
meal, enough to cover the surface of the soil. and stir it with the
spade. Should the bottom be clay or heavy soil, mix in leaf
mold, or humus of some kind, and sifted coal ashes (not wood

MAXWELL’S DWARF SPRUCE

Its unusually slow growth and interesting texture make
this Spruce (Picea excelsa Maxwelli) desirable for bed
and border use- it well companions the Mugho Pine

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

193

Mattie Edwards Hewitt Photo.

WHERE THE EVERGREEN REIGNS SUPREME

The value of Dwarf Evergreens is no longer a mooted question! Here they seem to have crept in from afar to drink of the pool,
and the clustered Cedars have rather the air of nurses imposing good behavior. Despite their somewhat tousled appearance, these
children of the wild in no wise disturb the studied orderliness of the scene. At the residence of Mr. George D. Pratt, Glen Cove, L. I.

ashes) will help a lot. The soil at the bottom of the trench
needs special attention at this stage; top soil can be looked after
as time goes on. You will now have a trench a foot deep and
two feet wide; next remove the soil of the adjoining section
(same width and depth), placing that on top of the section al-
ready worked over. Proceed along the bed to the end in this
manner, using the soil that was taken out of the first trench to
fill in the last. Throw a sprinkling of bone meal on the surface
previous to levelling, and rake it in.

The use of stable fertilizer is not advised unless the ground is
very poor. Bone meal will produce a sturdy growth and give
deep color to the foliage. The danger of winter scorching is
reduced when the plan advised is carried out. If the roots are
in a rich soil the trees make a soft growth which “burns” easily
or suffers during severe weather.

Make the beds three feet wide at least, if they are to line a
path. This will allow the planting of a greater variety and
also give the individual specimens room to develop. Do not
plant too close together; it is far better to leave a foot or so of
earth showing around each tree when placing it. These spaces
may be planted the first year with some ground cover such as
Heliotrope; 1 have also used Phlox Drummondi, Gladiolus, and
Salpiglossis amongst Evergreens with good effect. Japanese
Anemone and Salvia patens are attractive too, but for richness
in color there is nothing to equal the old Cottage or the Darwin
Tulips. These remain for many years and lend a touch to the
evergreen border at a time when we most appreciate flowers.
Narcissus are beautiful, but they do not show so well above the
foliage of the Evergreens after the first year. The Virginia
Cowslip flowering amongst the dark branches of the Yew takes

194

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

THE ALL-EVERGREEN GARDEN AT GARDEN CITY

Such a planting reveals as perhaps nothing else does the fascinating variations of foliage, form, and habit found in the Ever-
green family. Here a hundred-odd distinct varieties fraternize amicably, juxtaposed in convincing fashion, and furnishing
the observant visitor with all sorts of suggestive possibilities. Home of The Garden Magazine, Country Life Press, L. 1.

on a new charm ; this, with a few English Primroses, is a combin-
ation that affords one of the real delights of spring, in itself
sufficient excuse for the Evergreen bed.

Such use of the Dwarf Evergreens scarcely needs defense,

however, for when the intervening spaces are covered by
the trees as they develop, there is a symphony in green and
gold in pleasing admixture of texture that is its own triumphant
justification.

What June Promises the Reader

IRIS lovers in particular will be on tiptoe for the next issue
of The Garden Magazine! All sorts of good things are
coming!

Mr. J. C. Wister, President of the American Iris Society,
presents a detailed review of “The History Of The Iris In
America,” with special reference to the activities of the pioneer
growers and the sources of the popular varieties now in our
gardens.

Mr. Sidney Mitchell, whose contributions from the Pacific
Coast are always so much appreciated, tells of “The Iris In
California,” where many varieties behave in fashion quite unlike
their accustomed one here in the East.

“How To Know Your Irises”, by Mr. Amy, condenses the
results of long observation in a suggestive and serviceable
system of classification based on color groups.

Mrs. Louise Beebe Wilder’s " Plan For A Garden Of Irises” is
a sort of wonderful dream-come-true, and yet furnishes safe
guidance for the Iris enthusiast in the matter of displaying an

immense variety of this favorite bloom in combination with
other flowering plants.

June is not niggardly, but offers much of general interest, too.
“ Harmony Of Flower And Vase” is a timely pictorial display of
significance to the gardener who believes that the indoor use of
cut flowers should be more than a mere haphazard affair.

Also appropriately in season is Henry Gibson’s “ Plants For
Porch Decoration,” which is in the nature of a practical supple-
ment to Mrs. Wickware’s article on the Sun Porch just pub-
lished.

For the householder marooned in the city during warm
weather and whose only garden is his living room, as well as for
the country dweller desirous of introducing a summery note
indoors, Miss Agnes Bowman’s “The Garden And The Living
Room” (second in “The Garden Indoors and Out” series) will
prove helpful.

The vegetable grower can find profit in Mr. Kruhm’s “ Beans
That Don’t Blight”, and “Pinching Melons” by Prof. Lloyd.

THE OLD GARDENS OF PENNSYLVANIA

VII. -JOHN EVANS ARBORETUM,

RADNOR TOWNSHIP,

DELAWARE COUNTY

JOHN W. HARSHBERGER

Professor of Botany, University of Pennsylvania

H E arboretum founded by John Evans has generally
mm been overlooked in the descriptions of old places of
botanic and horticultural renown. Yet it has a
Upp ‘jr definite appeal for attention because of its continued
maintenance up to the present day. The demesne is now the
property of W. Hinckle Smith, who has greatly improved it in
many ways with roads and extensive plantings. The older
part of the farm is surrounded by an artistic iron fence and the
two most interesting approaches are across stone bridges arch-
ing over I than Creek, which pursues its rocky course through the
original forest growth. The place was bought by Mr. Smith
from William H. Ramsay, who had obtained it from Dr. James
H. Harrison, to whom it had been sold by Mrs. David Paxson
of Norristown, daughter of John Evans. It is best reached from
Rosemont (a trolley station on the Philadelphia and Western
Railroad) by a walk of about a mile due south.

John Evans, born on February 13th, 1790, did not become
expecially interested in plants until he was nearly forty. About
the year 1828 he saw a copy of Darlington’s “ Florula Cestrica,”
which a kinsman, Alan W. Corson, had with him during a visit
to the farm on I than Creek. That book introduced Evans to
the systematic study of botany, which thereafter he pursued
to the end of his life. The cultivation of rare plants around his
dwelling commenced and progressed with his study of botany.
Annual, or more frequent visits were paid to the old Bartram
garden, then in possession of Colonel Carr, and to other gardens
in the vicinity of Philadelphia. The supply from these sources
was soon exhausted and he entered into correspondence with

The figures in the
map indicate the
locations of the
gardens and their
sequence in the
series

alaya mountains which had been visited by Joseph Hooker,
who eventually succeeded his father as Director and carried
on the work at Kew in distinguished manner. Evans also
made a number of tours, on which he collected plants of interest
for his garden.

Below the woods along the creek was a sandy deposit formed
by the running water. Here was started the well-known sand
garden, where specimens brought from the sandy soil cf New
Jersey and other more remote regions were grown. The
rocky hills were planted with appropriate species and the arti-
ficial pond was stocked with Water-lilies and other aquatic

JOHN EVANS

Founder of the arboretum. Born Febru-
ary 13th, 1790; died April 13th, 1862

PART OF THE OLD MILL

Part of the old mill operated by John Evans nearly
a century ago still stands in the arboretum

Sir William J. Hooker, Director of the Kew Gardens near
London. By forwarding to Kew seeds and specimens of
American plants, he received in return new and often rare plants
from various parts of the world, some of them from the Him-

plants. The borders were crowded with interesting material
till every nook and corner had a fitting tenant. The sawdust
from Evans’s sawmill near by was used extensively around the
growing plants to smother the garden weeds. The extent of the
Evans collection is not known. No catalogue was ever pub-
lished, but in the number of distinct species of trees and shrubs
John Evans’s collection was unrivalled in his day, and in its
herbaceous material was equalled by few.

195

196

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

Recent visits to the old arboretum thus planted and still
appropriately maintained by Mr. W. Hinckle Smith, have revealed
the fact that many of the original trees are in an excellent state
of health and vigor. One of the most interesting, because grow-
ing out of its natural climatic range, is a Pecan (Hicoria Pecan)
of large size, which bears fruit that is rarely gathered because the
squirrels always succeed in stripping the tree before the gardener
does! The coniferous trees, which have reached a large size,
include the Bald Cypress, Larch, Thuja orientalis, Cryptomeria
japonica, Oriental Spruce, Cilician Fir, Engelmann Spruce,
Cephalotaxus Fortunei of shrubby form, and the native White
Pine and Hemlock.

Several fine specimens of a rare tree (Zelkova crenata) from
the Caucasus region are found near the semi-public lane running
to the left after crossing Ithan Creek; and not faraway are some
fine examples of the southern Sourwood (Oxydendrum arbor-
eum), which enjoys congenial conditions for growth in the
shaded valley of the stream. Several species of Magnolia
have reached a large size and the arboretum is peculiarly
attractive when they are in flower. They are the Cucumber
Tree (M. acuminata), Sweet Bay (M. glauca), Yulan (M.
conspicua) and large-leaved Magnolia (M. macrophylla).
Near the edge of the pond, and introduced at an early date from
the Bartram garden in Kingsessing, is a fine spreading specimen
of the Franklinia (Gordonia altamaha). It makes a wonderful
display in late September when covered with its camellia-like
blossoms. The noteworthy Oaks include a large Willow Oak
(Quercus Phellos) ; a large Overcup Oak (Q. macrocarpa) ; and a
Turkey Oak (Q. Cerris), one of the original Evans trees. Other
catkin bearing trees of the old place are the English Walnut
(Juglans regia), the Black Walnut (J. nigra), the Red Birch
(Betula rubra), and the White Birch (B. alba). A splendid
winged Elm (Ulmus alatus) grows opposite the old black-
smith shop on the place. A most attractive sight (on May 21st,
1919,) was the Princess Tree (Paulownia imperialis) then in
bloom and displaying its trumpet-shaped, fragrant, violet
flowers. This enumeration gives some idea of the richness of
the original plantation of John Evans.

The present owner has done much to beautify the place
without destroying in any way the initial growth, which re-
mains as the founder left it at his death on April 15th, 1862.

A macadamized road ascends the steep hill above the creek by
easy grades to the modern palatial residence of Mr. Smith.
Along this roadway a large number of plants have been intro-
duced and encouraged to lusty growth by the free use of the rich
leaf-mold of the woods. Here in great profusion we find the
Wake-robin (Trillium grandiflorum), White Violet (Viola blanda),
Wild Ginger (Asarum canadense), native Columbine (Aquilegia
canadensis), Crested Flag (Iris cristata), Gold-dust (Alyssum
saxatile), Celandine (Chelidonium majus), Water-leaf (Hydro-
phyllum virginicum), May-apple (Podophyllum peltatum), all
appropriately placed. Here and there in the woods along
the road, rocks have been effectively placed, over and between
which grow Pachysandra procumbens, Evonymus radicans
variegata, and Kenilworth Ivy (Linaria Cymbalaria). Native
Ferns (the Christmas Fern, the Cinnamon, and the Maiden-
hair) also play their part in the extensive planting scheme.
A number of showy shrubs in flower break the monotony of the
woods, wherever they could be introduced without destroying
the harmony of the wilder planting. The Golden Chain
(Cytisus Laburnum), Rhododendrons, Laurels, Azaleas, Roses,
and Viburnums have been used advantageously.

A formal garden is found on the slopes of the hill below the
fine new house, built on the plateau overlooking the rolling
country beyond. It consists of a number of terraces each
dignified by architectural features and appropriately planted.
The flower area occupies the upper flat terrace to the left of the
house, and it is characterized by a large central pool, or fountain.
When I visited them toward the end of May, the beds nearest
the fountain were resplendent with the elongated spikes of that
striking member of the Lily family, Eremurus robustus. A pool
on the terrace below is devoted to the summer growth of
Victoria regia, and is reached by a flight of steps flanked with
large terra-cotta vases. A garden house at one side of the upper
terrace provides shelter in case of sudden showers. The up-to-
date greenhouses are found at the left of the lower terrace.

Altogether there are few places which have so successfully
combined the old with the new. The old arboretum undoubt-
edly possesses great historic, botanic, and horticultural interest,
while the new garden demonstrates what a landscape gardener
can do to modernize an old place without destroying the charm
of the natural surroundings.

VIEW FROM THE HOUSE

This sweep of Pennsylvania landscape has a remarkable natural beauty which has been enhanced, without feeing in the least
altered in character, through wise planting by its owners past and present. Its serenity is perhaps the secret of its appeal

GROWING RADISHES THAT DON’T GET PITHY

A. KRUHM

Any One Can Do It If Soil, Variety, Season, and Spacing are Considered Together

THERE is no excuse for pithy Radishes. Yet plenty of
Radishes are pithy! And there are three reasons for that,
i, e: (i) improper soil, (2) growing the wrong variety for a given
season, (3) not thinning out.

First, as to the soil. The “ ideal ” for this particular vegetable
is a well enriched loam, with a slight admixture of clay; one that
is rich in humus and almost devoid of clay will grow as brittle
and as handsome a Radish as any one may want, but it will be
practically tasteless. On the other hand, in a stiff clay devoid
of humus the development of the Radish will be so slow that it
becomes woody or, during a sudden hot spell, spongy and pithy;
and it also tends to make side roots. On a sandy loam, however,
the Radishes are at their best for such a brief period that the
gardener may quite overlook the time when they are at their
prime. Few varieties of extra early kinds are in condition
longer than five days after they reach table size.

It is just as disastrous to plant late kinds too early as it is to
plant early kinds too late. For all practical purposes Radishes
may be divided into early, mid-season, and late sorts. Among the
early varieties some of the best behaved are Rapid Red, Crimson
Giant Forcing, Scarlet Globe, Sparkler, French Breakfast, Fong
Scarlet Short Top, and White Icicle. It is a peculiar fact that
the handsomest Radishes are also the ones showing the most
fickle tendencies. Among those named, Sparkler (which is the
finest strain of Scarlet Turnip White Tip), and French Break-
fast, its olive-shaped companion, will become pithy much more
quickly under contrary conditions of soil and season than any
of the rest.

Fong Scarlet Short Top has a white-tipped associate, Fong
Brightest Scarlet or Cardinal. Within the short period of
twenty-four hours, on rich muck soil 1 have known this
latter to turn from a perfect looking, though comparatively
tasteless crop, to a pithy, useless one. So rapid is the deteriora-
tion of this variety that the growers themselves frequently are
not aware that the perfectly good Radishes they marketed
yesterday are unfit for market to-day.

The varieties named, and in the order given, with fair soil and
weather conditions, should become ready for use in from eigh-
teen to twenty-five days, up to May 1st.

THERE are really only three varieties that deserve to be
called heat-resisting, mid-season sorts. One is Chartier,
or Shepherd, which is a long red Radish, ready for pulling from
July 1st to 1 5th from seeds sown May 1st to 1 5th. Other claims
to the contrary notwithstanding, I have found Fong White
Vienna, or Fady Finger, no better than Icicle.

The other two varieties that will really stand heat are White
Strasburg and White Stuttgart, both white-skinned, firm-
fleshed, summer varieties, differing somewhat in shape and —
though very little — in time of maturity. From seeds sown early
in May they will give good returns during August, when every
other variety goes on strike.

THERE are two distinct classes of the large-growing winter
kinds: one that keeps well and one that does not. The
Chinese varieties, of which White Chinese, or Celestial, and Chin-
ese Rose Winter are the best-known, will grow woody or spongy
after December 1st, no matter what soil produced them. On
the other hand, the European varieties of the Spanish type will
require longer to develop and will not grow so large, but will be
firm-fleshed until away late into spring. Now just as there is a
likelihood of planting early Radishes too late so also may the
mistake be made of planting the winter varieties too early!
In the latitude of New York the best time is about July
1st to 15th; i. e., when you would sow winter Turnips. An
earlier sowing may yield a larger root, but not one fit for the
table.

The last, though not the least important, point in Radish grow-
ing is the need of proper thinning out and transplanting. Most
home gardeners (and even professionals, for that matter) seem
to forget that good Radish seed, such as is sent out by every
reliable seed house, grows better than 90 per cent. In con-
sequence about ten times as much seed in a row as that row
can hold in the way of well-developed Radishes is usually
sown.

Even when planted with the greatest precaution, every row of
Radishes will hold too many seedlings; and crowded rows, while
not directly responsible for pithy roots, help a great deal to bring
this condition about. Therefore, thin out determinedly; allow
for the small round kinds one to two inches apart in the
row; for the long and mid-season varieties, at least four
inches apart in the row, six inches being better for both
White Strasburg and White Stuttgart; winter Radishes should
be at least six inches apart; for the Chinese varieties, eight
inches is better.

A final warning: don’t experiment with forcing strains in the
open ground. Nearly every catalogue published makes claims
of special earliness for specific varieties particularly suitable for
growing under glass. It is not reasonable to expect them to
behave the same in the open ground; and moreover, these are the
very varieties that will get pithy before the planter has a chance
to suspect it.

197

VINES

FOR DWELLINGS

C. L. BURKHOLDER

Associate in Horticultural Extension, Purdue University

Quickest Furnishing Effects to Soften or Embellish Harsh Lines, Screen
Unsightly Objects, and Establish Harmony Between Old and New

HE two vines adapted to the greatest variety of condi-
tions and uses are Boston Ivy and Virginia Creeper.

The Virginia Creeper or Five-leafed Ivy as it is
sometimes called, grows wild in most localities in the
central and extreme northern United States. It is a rapid,
vigorous grower if given even average care and will in many
cases make fifteen to twenty feet of growth the first year it is
planted. It makes an excellent porch vine, and is not of such
dense character as to completely shut out the breezes, as does the
Matrimony Vine for instance. In the fall the leaves turn a deep
crimson, and after a year or two of growth the vine produces a
very attractive crop of black berries which persist the greater
part of the winter. A very satisfactory way to use Virginia
Creeper is to carry it up to the top of the porch on a narrow
trellis and run it along under the eaves; this can be easily done
by tacking a six-inch strip of ornamental mesh fencing along
the top of the porch for it to cling to. The graceful pendent
sprays of the creeper can, with a little attention, be made to
screen any desired portion of the veranda.

VIRGINIA CREEPER

A single summer’s growth of two plants is here
shown, conclusively proving the abundant energy of
this creeper and its value as a quick-result getter

This vine also makes a serviceable foundation planting; and
after amply covering the base of the dwelling this lusty
creeper, undiscouraged, will climb to the roof of the porch, which
it fringes with delicate tendrils of all lengths. Such a use
increases the attractiveness of the exterior of the house at least
fifty per cent, and at the slight cost of about a dollar.

Where an objectionable view or boundary fence spoils what
would otherwise be beautiful grounds the Virginia Creeper can
be brought into effective play. A plant every twelve or fifteen
feet will soon entirely cover a fence or trellis.

Sometimes a fine entrance is marred by an unsightly telephone
pole, and again the creeper can be used to cover its nakedness
with a mass of beautiful foliage. The Virginia Creeper will not
climb a telephone pole unaided ; however, a spiral strip of chicken
fencing wrapped around the pole makes an excellent support. In
this respect the Englemann Creeper, which is a self-climbing and
self-supporting form of the common creeper, is superior; it clings
to its support just as does the Boston Ivy.

The Boston Ivy is perhaps the best of the tightly clinging
Ivies. It will attach itself firmly to any hard, smooth surface.
The foliage is large, three lobed and dark, glossy green in color.
It will not ordinarily stand continual exposure to the direct
rays of the sun and therefore should not be planted on the south
side of a house unless the walls are partly shaded. The Boston
Ivv (Ampelopsis, or Parthenocissus tricuspidata) is a Japanese
plant that became popular almost “over-night” as the saying
goes. It never winter-kills as does the English Ivy and, while
not a rapid grower the first season, will grow three or four times
as fast as the English Ivy; although the latter has the advantage
of holding its dark green color till the middle of the winter, and
south of the Ohio River throughout the winter.

There is a certain monotony about a plain, flat wall be it of
wood, stone, cement, stucco, or brick. The harsh, straight-line
effect often produced by these materials may be entirely changed
by the use of a few plants of Boston Ivy. For such locations the
Boston Ivy is usually to be preferred to the Virginia Creeper.

Satisfactory Flowering Vines

IF THE preference be for vines that also have flowers, Hall’s
Japanese Honeysuckle, which blooms several times during
the summer, is justly celebrated for its fragrance. The J apanese
Clematis (C. paniculata) is about the only vine blooming pro-
fusely in the fall that is both hardy and a fairly rapid grower.
The Virgin Bower (Clematis virginiana) is also especially
good. Wisterias are esteemed favorites. Wisteria multijuga is
no doubt the best: the purple Wisteria chinensis is the most
widely known variety, and is unsurpassed in its class for heavy
trellises and pergolas.

Planting and Feeding

VINES of all kinds grow more rapidly if planted a foot or
more away from the wall of the house or porch. It is not
advisable to put any manure around the roots when planting,
but manure should be spread around the plant on top of the
ground immediately after planting; a bushel of manure to each

198

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

199

plant is about right to secure greatest possible growth. More
manure may be added from time to time so as to keep a mulch
of approximately three inches around the roots of each plant
throughout the year. Don’t neglect this one thing if you expect
maximum success with your vines. Bank them with manure
every year; generosity in this will well repay you.

As a rule the soil close about the foundations of a building
is not favorable for the growth of plants and care in providing
food is essential. Another difficulty lies in the fact that a
newly made foundation has a tendency to throw out moisture,
and provision for the plants’ needs must be made accord-
ingly.

[

A i.

b . ?

WHERE BOSTON IVY LENDS A TOUCH OF MELLOWNESS AND
LINKS THE DWELLING TO THE GROWING THINGS ABOUT IT

WHAT, it is confidently believed, is the largest
collection of Darwin and Breeder Tulips ever
brought together in one place in this country
was planted last fall in the New York Botani-
cal Garden; and thus an unparalleled oppor-
tunity is afforded all interested in the Tulip to visit the display
this season and make comparisons of varieties. The collections
will be in bloom during the early days of May.

This exceptional display, embracing more than three hundred
different varieties, was made possible through the cooperation of
the General Bulb Growers Society of Holland and Mr. John
Scheepers of New York. The former’s collection embraces 12 1
kinds of Darwin Tulips and 65 Breeders; the latter’s represents
56 kinds of Darwins, 32 Breeders, and 25 Cottage Tulips. In the
combination there are about 23,000 bulbs of 241 kinds. These
are planted in the Horticultural Gardens.

Another collection, more comprehensive in the types repre-
sented, is located in the beds in the court of Range 1 Conserva-
tory, where about 10,000 bulbs in 167 kinds planted in seven beds
are as follows: Darwin, 68; Breeder, 37; Cottage, 38; Late Double,
2; Early Single, 8; Early Double, 8; Rembrandt, 3; Bizarre, 3.

The combined displays represent a total of more than 32,800
bulbs, and, allowing for duplications, 323 kinds.

The Darwin, Breeder, Cottage, and Rembrandt Tulips come
into bloom usually from the middle of May to the first of June
depending somewhat on the variety and depth of planting,
nature of soil, situation, age of bulb, etc. and on the forwardness
of the season. These are the types which nowadays are high
in popular esteem because of their soft colors, taller habit, and
general usefulness for cut flowers, as compared with the olden-
time more brilliant Early Tulips, which may be expected to
blossom the first week in May.

Following are lists of the Tulips contained in the displays at
the New York Botanical garden as supplied by Mr. George V.
Nash, the head gardener, which may serve as an index and guide
for the visitors and they are here given also as a contemporary
record of varieties generally esteemed.

Horticultural Gardens

BREEDER TULIPS

General Ney
Godet Parfait

Marie Louise
Medea

Turenne
Velvet King

Abd-el-Kader

Goldfinch

Mon Tresor

Viola

Albion

Grand Maitre

Moody

Violet Queen

Alcida

Grisdelin Pale

Old Times

Virgilius

Apricot

Hamlet

Orange Beauty

Vulcain

Archeron

Indian Chief

Paladin

Wilberforce

Aspacia

Attraction

Jaune d’Oeuf
Jules Favre

Perle Royale
Plutarchus

Yellow Perfection

Bacchus
Black Diamond

Klopstock
La Joyeuse

Prince Albert
Prince of Wales

COTTAGE TULIPS

Bronze King

La Parfaite

Prof. Schotel

Elegans

Bronze Queen

Le Grand Concurrent

Queen Victoria

Fairy Queen

Chas. Dickens

Le Miroir

Roi de Siam

Gala Beauty

Chestnut

Lord Cochrane

Roi Soleil

Gesneriana aurantiaca

Colonel Astor

Louis XIV

Sabrina

major

Copernicus,

Lucifer

Salomon

Gesneriana ixioides

Coridion

Mabel

Samson

Illumination

Don Pedro

Mad. Lethierry

Serpentine

lnglescombe Pink

Fairy

Madras

Superba

Telma

John Ruskin

Feu Ardent

Mar&hal Victor

Miss Ellen Willmott

Garibaldi

Marginata

Terracotta

Mrs. Jas. Robertson

Mrs. Moon

Edouard Andr6

Loveliness

Purple Perfection

Norham Beauty

Electra

Mad. Krelage

Pygmalion

Orange King

Erguste

Marconi

Queen Mary

Pluto

Ethel Roosevelt

Margaret

Queen of Roses

Primrose Beauty

Europe

Mamix von St. Alde-

Raphael

Rosetta

Euterpe

gonde

Remembrance

Royal White

Faust

Massachusetts

Rev. H. Ewbank

Scarlet Emperor

Feu d’Artifice

Massenet

Rev. Harper Crewe

Sir Harry

Feu Brillant

Mauve Clair

Rev. Wolly Dodd

Sulphur Crown

Flambeau

May Queen

Roi d’lslande

Sunlight

Flamingo

Medusa

Ronald Gunn

The Fawn

Fra Angelico

Melicette

Salmon King

Union Jack

Frans Hals

Meteor

Sentinelle

Vitellina

Fraiilein von Amberg

Millet

Sieraad van Flora

Galatea

Minister Tak von

Sir Trevor Lawrence

DARWIN TULIPS

G. de Cordous

Poortvliet

Sophrosyne

Geefs

Minister Thorbecke

Suzon

Afterglow

Giant

Montana

Teddy

Alex. Bleu

Glory

Moralis

Thfcrese Schwartze

Andre Doria

Glow

Mr. Farncombe San-

The Sultan

Anton Mauve

Greuze

ders

Valentin

Aphrodite

Gryphus

Mrs. Cleveland

Venus

Ariadne

Gudin

Mrs. Potter Palmer

Viking

Baron von Goldstein

Gustave Dor£

Mrs. Stanley

Von Jehring

Baron de Stael

Henner

Nauticus

Wally Moes

Baronne de la Tonnaye

Herodiade

North Dacotah

Washington

Bartigon

Herzogin von Hohen-

Opal

Wedding Veil

Beethoven

berg

Orion

Whistler

Bleu Aimable

Hippolyte

Othello

William Copeland

Busker Huet

Hitchcock

Ouida

William Pitt

Carl Becker

Isis

Painted Lady

Zanzibar

Carmen

Jos. Chamberlain

Palisa

Zulu

Centenaire

Jubilee

Paul Baudry

Chas. Marot

King George V

Pensee Amfere

TULIP SPECIES

Circe

King Harold

Petrus Hondius

AND MISCEL-

City of Haarlem

La Candeur

Philippe de Commines

LANEOUS

Clara Butt

La T ristesse

Phyllis

Crepuscule

La Tulipe Noire

President Taft

Australis

Dal Ongaro

Le Notre

Pride of Haarlem

Sprengeri

Diana

Leonardo da Vinci

Princess Elisabeth

Admiral van Kins-

Dream

L’ Ingenue

Princess Juliana

bergen

Eclipse

Lioba

Prof. Rauwenhoff

L’ Union

Edmee

Livingstone

Psyche

Butterfly (Rembrandt

In the Court of Conservatory

BREEDER TULIPS

Archeron
Aspacia
Attraction
Bronze Queen
Cardinal Manning
Colonel Astor
Don Pedro
Fairy

Feu Ardent
General Ney
Godet Parfait
Golden Bronze
Jaune d’Oeuf
La Singuliere
Le Miroir
Le Mogol
Mad. Lethierry
Marie Hollis
Marie Louise
M edea
Moody
Mrs. Barton
Pink Pearl
Plutarchus
Pourpre d'Afrique
Queen Alexandra
Roi Soleil
Sabrina
Samson
Sans Pareil
Socrates
Superba
Turenne
Velvet King
Viola
Vio'etta

Yellow Perfection

COTTAGE TULIPS

Caledonia
Cottage Maid
Didieri alba
Eldorado
Elegans

Elegans alba
Elegans lutea maxima
Flame
Flava

Gala Beauty
Gesneriana ixioides
Gesneriana lutea pal-
lida (Mrs. Keightly)
Gesneriana spathulata
Grand Yellow
Incomparable
lnglescombe Pink
Innovation
Isabella
John Ruskin
Kaleidoscope
La Panachee
Miss Ellen Willmott
Moonlight
Mrs. Moon
Norham Beauty
Orange King
Parisian Yellow
Pluto

Primrose Beauty

Rosetta

Sir Harry

The Bride

The Lizard

Union Jack

Vitellina

Yellow Gem

York and Lancaster

DARWIN TULIPS

Afterglow

Alata

Andre Doria
Ariadne

Baronnede la Tonnaye

Bartigon

Calistre

Calliope

Carmen

Clara Butt

Dal Ongaro

Dream .

Early Dawn
Euterpe ■

Fanny

Faust

Flame

Fra Angelico •

Frans Hals

Fratilein von Amberg

Galatea

Giant

Glow

Grand Maitre
Greuze

Gustave Dord

Henrier

Hero

Je Maintiendrai
Jules Vinot
July King
La Belle Jardiniere
La Candeur
La T ristesse
La Tulipe Noire
Leonardo da Vinci
L’ Ingenue
Mad. Barrois
Mad. Krelage
Margaret
Massachusetts
Mauve Claire
Melicette

Minister Thorbecke
Nora Ware
Painted Lady
Pauline
Penelope
Petrus Hondius
Philippe deCommines
Phyllis

Pride cf Haarlem
Prof. Michael Foster
Prof. Rauwenhoff
Purple Perfection
Queen Wilhelmina
Rev. H. H. d’Ombrain
Rose Tendre

Sieraad van Flora
Sir Joseph Hooker
Sophrosyne
Sybilla Merian
The Sultan
Versailles
William Copeland
William Goldring
William 111
Zulu

EARLY SINGLE
TULIPS

Golden Queen
Goldfinch

King of the Yellows
Mon T resor
Pink Beauty
Proserpine
Rose Luisante
Washington

EARLY DOUBLE
TULIPS

Imperator Rubrorum

Lucretia

Safrano

Salvator Rose

Tournesol Yellow

Turban Violet

Vuurbaak .

Yellow Prince

LATE DOUBLE
TULIPS
Blue Celeste
Yellow Rose

REMBRANDT AND
BIZARRE

Butterfly (R)
Quasimodo (R)
Lantern (R)

Black Boy (B)

Fancy (B)

Le Duel (B)

200

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

201

THE OPET(^Colum^C

Readers’ Interchange of Experience and Comment

Who Has Syringa Wolfii

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

WILL someone please tell me where I can obtain Syringa Wolfii?

1 have tried three or four places without success. — C. V. J effery,
Molsons Bank, London, Canada.

War With the Meadow Mouse

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

CAN you tell me, either personally, or through the columns of
The Garden Magazine, what kind of warfare to wage against
the meadow mouse (Microtus pennsylvanicus)? Last year they began
burrowing in our bulb beds, and destroyed hundreds of Tulip and Lily
bulbs. They also did much damage in the Iris border, eating off the
roots and hollowing out the crowns, so that some of our rare kinds were
killed off. This spring the perennial garden is riddled with their
runways; one large bed of second year Canterbury Bells is ruined, as the
crowns are eaten off. It is too early to estimate how much other
damage they have done, but if you can advise us how to exterminate
meadow mice, we will surely bless you to the end of our days. —
Florence Boyce Davis, JVaitsfield, Vermont.

— Poisoned bait, such as grain or nuts with strychnine on them,
placed in the runways is about the only remedy. — Ed.

Where To Get Tigridias

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

AFTER reading the note on page 50 of the March number regarding
Tigridia bulbs I came across an advertisement of Joseph A.
Eibel, P. O. Box 268, Lancaster, Pa. who offers them in any quantity
up to thousand lots. Thinking this may be of some interest to
the readers of the Open Column 1 am handing it on. Now I would
like to know where I can secure Snowdrop bulbs? Can any one
suggest a place? — Mrs. Margaret R. Semple, 280 High St., Peters-
burg, Va.

— In the Open Column of the March Garden Magazine the announce-
ment was made that Tigridias may not be had at present. Perhaps it
may interest people who have inquired that they are offered in this
season’s catalogues by the following seedsmen: Thomas J. Grey,
Market St.2 Boston, Mass., and John Lewis Childs, Floral Park, N. Y.

I have never grown Tigridias and know nothing more about them
than this — but 1 know that many people would like very much to find
some of the old plants which are barred by the present Quarantine No.
37. I wonder if it would not be of interest in this connection to know
that Azalea indica is also offered by J. Lewis Childs and Scilla bulbs
were offered by F. FI. Horsford, Charlotte, Vt., last autumn — Mrs.
Philip B. Howard, South Lincoln, Mass.

Vines For Your Pergola-Two Beauties

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

AMONG vines suitable for the columns of a pergola, Clematis
crispa and Clematis coccinea should be ranked very high. Their
foliage effect is exquisite, and they surpass the Grape, often re-
commended for its leaf-tracery, both by their long blooming season
and the beauty of their flowers.

They are slender growers and do not give a mass of foliage to obscure
beauty of line in the architecture. Catalogues usually state that
they grow only five or six feet high. If they do no better, it is the
fault of the gardener! I have had a Clematis crispa which covered
with delicate drapery from twenty to twenty-five feet of trellis annually,
and bloomed from the last week in June till severe frost.

My treatment was simple: when the first shoot appeared, very early
in the spring, and reached its second joint, 1 pinched it off to induce
branching. The resulting two shoots from the leaf axils, I also pinched;
this course was continued with all the shoots as they came up until I
had enough stems started to cover the trellis properly. Then 1 gave
the plant bone meal or pulverized sheep manure and let it alone to
ramble at will. The blossom is not showy, but quite perfect in shape
and fragrance. The flower is a bell, very heavy in texture as if carved
out of wax; in color a dull, deep blue; the inside, lavender. It never
wilts when cut, even if out of water all day; the petals will drop as the

flower ages, but seem too firm to wilt. It could be used for a hat
flower and if worn two days would be as perfect as ever.

Clematis coccinea has, as its name intimates, a vivid color, most
effective on a white column. It has not proved as strong a grower with
me as crispa, but its situation was unfavorable. 1 mean to try it in a
better place and with greater attention, I believe I can secure satis-
factory growth. Both have decorative seed pods of the typical
Clematis shape, but if the flowering season is not to be shortened no
seed should be allowed to form. — A. H. Botsford, Edgemoor, Del.

Madonna Lilies Indoors

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

TIME was when Lilium candidum was the only white Lily grown
in pots. Now it is largely — almost wholly in America — sup-
planted by L. longiflorum and L. Harrisii. There is a good enough
reason for this change so far as the flower trade is concerned, but there
is none why it should affect the private greenhouse so seriously as to
deprive it of a flower that can never be spared. For no Lily can take
the place of L. candidum in sheer beauty of form and whiteness, let
alone its appealing association with poetry, ecclesiastical art and old-
time gardens.

1 think that I have never seen a more beautiful effect — certainly
not a more refreshing one — than was produced with these Lilies in a
greenhouse in mid-June, only a little ahead of the outdoor blooming
season. Where the greenhouse paths made a crossroads, so to speak,
the potted Lilies were placed on the ground behind low-growing green
plants and against a good backing of green. Each of the four groups
consisted of about two dozen pots, containing a bulb apiece. This is
what might be called a large greenhouse effect but it is suggestive of
indoor delights on a smaller scale that may be had from late winter to
early summer. Even three stalks of bloom, properly placed, would pro-
duce an indoor picture well worth while. — H. S. Adams, New York.

Birds Our Allies

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

IN the February Garden Magazine, page 335, there appears an arti-
cle on birds in which their economic status is questioned. While
this article would probably be of little weight, especially with those who
know something of the food habits of our birds, I feel that the truth
should be more generally known and that, with few exceptions, birds
are man’s best friends.

The average individual is a poor observer and many times does not
see that which he conscientiously believes he sees. Naturally his con-
clusions may be wrong.

The only sure way to weigh the harmful and beneficial qualities
of birds, and thus to determine their true economic value is the method
practised by the Bureau of Biological Survey (U. S. Department of
Agriculture). This is by examination of stomach contents of a large
number of specimens taken over a wide range and covering the entire
year. Of course, this will not reveal the grape puncturing habit, of
which several of the warbler species are guilty although very largely
insectivorous in their food requirements. On the other hand, many soft
bodied insects are eaten of which no -trace remains. Furthermore,
harmful tendencies are usually limited to individuals of a species
rather than to the species as a whole, or a species may develop such
tendencies in certain restricted portions of its range.

Of our native species only a very few are detrimental to a degree
which would justify extermination of the species. The crow and
the several species of blackbirds, while harmful, are not. so black
as they have been painted, for, on the whole, their beneficial qualities
balance the harm they do.

Crops should be protected as much as possible without destroy-
ing the birds. It is far better to let the birds take a portion which,
by their industry in destroying harmful insects, they have rightfully
earned, than to engage in their indiscriminate slaughter. The gard-
ener or orchardist thinks but little about the cost of spraying, but is
loath to give the birds credit where credit is due. The man who gar-
dens for profit is keen on seeing their faults, but views their good
traits through leather spectacles.

The man who does not appreciate the beautiful in nature, who
looks at the economic and has no regard for the esthetic, is missing
much of the pleasure of this life. Birds add immeasurably to the en-
joyment of all who, in every walk of life, have cultivated their ac-
quaintance. It is to be hoped the time will never come when the
gardens of America will be no longer frequented by these feathered
allies.

202

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

Of the domestic cat there is little to be said in her favor, either from
the economic or esthetic viewpoint. She is a pampered pet of little use,
except that when buried in the garden she becomes good fertilizer.
She is the worst natural enemy of our birds and where she is permitted
the freedom of the premises, birds will not make their abode. Only
one ignorant of the value of a nest of brown thrashers to a garden,
would permit a cat to destroy a nest of these birds. The large majority
of cats will take birds in preference to rats and mice. The fact that
mice and rats are not so often seen where cats are kept is no indication
that they are not present, but merely that they are more wary about
appearing in the open.

My plea is for more gardens affording sanctuary to our native
birds. — Scott G. Harry, booster, Ohio.

Giant Kalmia From Carolina

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

Y/^OU said last spring, I remember, that you would be interested in a
I photograph showing the size of the Kalmia latifolia at Highlands,
North Carolina, where 1 have my tract of virgin forest. The enclosed
photograph shows a tree form of Kalmia latifolia, five feet seven in
circumference at four feet from the ground.

This is the highest section of the Blue Ridge which is still clothed with
virgin forests and has the largest tree growth in the East.

Two years ago 1 saw on the top of a range of mountains to the
southwest of Highlands a specimen of pink-flowered Azalea calen-

A KALMIA TREE TRUNK

In the mountains of North Carolina the Mountain
Laurel makes a startling growth hardly realized as
possible by those who know the usual garden plants

dulacea, and a Kalmia latifolia which had six-petaled flowers through-
out, making a very large and ornamental flowerhead. I got scions
from both these plants and these have since been grafted at the Arnold
Arboretum, and should in a short time be in flower. — H. H. Richard-
son, Boston, Mass.

Evonymus As a Substitute For Ivy

Tolhe Editor of The Garden Magazine:

\ A/HILE Evonymus radicans vegetus is unquestionably the best
’ ' substitute for English Ivy in the North, and a plant of remark-
able value, it is well for garden lovers not to plant it against a stucco
wall. For some reason, which as yet has not been ascertained, this
Evonymus does not seem to thrive on stucco as it does on brick or
stone. The vine will grow, but does not seem to take hold of the
stucco surface as it should. It is possible that the lime in the stucco

has a tendency to kill the aerial rootlets, although nobody can speak
with authority, so far as 1 know, on this subject. Perhaps there are
gardeners who have had different experiences from those which have
been reported to me, and if so, it is to be hoped that they will send
them in, because there seems to be quite a widespread belief that there
is a marked lack of affinity between stucco and Evonymus radicans
vegetus. — E. I. Farrington, Mass.

Ashes On Your Raspberries

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

^PHIS is by way of reply to your inquiry on page fifty, March
1 number, about the proper care of Red Raspberries.

Three years ago a former neighbor gave me a lot of Red Raspberry
plants which had been in the part of her garden where the ashes were
thrown out. I planted them in holes in clay soil, but too thickly, and
they did not do well. Then 1 put them in three rows only eighteen
inches apart. The next spring they did well as to foliage, but had the
yellow leaf, so 1 cut them back to about a foot from the ground and
sprayed them several times.

The following season I dug out the middle row and made another bed
with them. This left the others in two rows, three feet apart. They
were planted in the lowest part of the garden next my Everbearing
Strawberries (into which beds, if not watched, they sprout so as to be a
nuisance); on the other side is my drainage ditch, covered by a walk.

Here they did well as to growth, and gave us the first season about
two quarts of fine berries. The next fall I clipped off all the tips, and
left them about three feet high; also cut out all the dead canes. I
cultivated between the rows and plants frequently. The next winter
I sifted all my coal ashes and put the fine dust on the ground about the
plants. Last season 1 turned this over frequently, and watered often.
We gathered twenty quarts, and had them about as fast as we could eat
and preserve them, and some in addition to give away.

Clipped the tips all off as before and cut out all dead canes last fall.
This year have been pouring the sifted coal ashes about them as before.

Have a fine stand in three beds of lusty canes. Have a rack or railing
about one bed with wires stretched below the top rail. The plants
grow thick and have heavy heads. Clipping the tips makes them
branch and each branch will have as many berries as the single one will
if not clipped. This makes them heady and shorter. The finest
berries grow in the centre where it is shadiest. They bear from July
to October.

Believe the ashes keep away the worms. Saw but one all summer. —
H. C. Bennett, Lima, Ohio.

Another “Best Twelve” Gladiolus List -

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

IT SEEMS to me impossible to have a “best twelve” list of any flower
— whether the choice of the professional or of the amateur grower —
because individual tastes vary so much, and the soil and location
changes the behavior of so many varieties. Mv own selection of
Gladiolus, however, is the same as Mr. Hendrickson’s (Garden
Magazine, March, 1921, page 27) in all but two varieties, and they
are Attraction and Scribe. Not all of this list are the best of their
color, but they are dependable varieties, and can be grown successfully
by the average planter. If Europa were as vigorous as Peace, it would
be the most wonderful white variety in existence to-day. A few years
ago I had a number of young bulbs, of which not one has endured.
Such varieties lacking vigor, cannot be successfully grown no matter
how good the flowers.

In place of Attraction 1 would choose Princepine or Florence.
Princepine is a bright red with a white throat. The individual flower
is not so large as Princeps, but far more vigorous. Florence is a
lavender pink with white throat, and is extra fine.

Pink Perfection is one of the best of its color, and has only one
fault — that of crooked stems. Arizona is a rose pink„ and doing extra
well with me.

Some growers claim that Goliath is one hundred per cent better than
Empress of India. It is a taller grower, and the flowers are larger, but
not so rich in color. The flowers of Goliath will wilt, and are ruined
even on a moderately warm day, and the only way they can be saved
is to cut them when the first flower expands.

Distinction is a fine dark maroon, and in time will, I believe, super-
sede Empress of 1 ndia. 1 1 is not quite so brilliantly colored, but has an
extraordinarily fine spike, and is vigorous. 1 have grown new varieties
that were wonderful the first season, and a failure after that, and
others will improve after growing them for a few seasons.

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

203

People often claim that their mixed bulbs have reverted back to red
or some other color. This indicates that the bulbs of some varieties
have deteriorated, while others have been vigorous, and good multi-
pliers. I have also heard complaints of Perennial Phlox acting in the
same way, but I have never noticed this fault, except with one variety —
Cross of Honor — this variety I find it impossible to keep true. —
Willis E. Fryer, Mantorville, Minn.

That Elusive White Violet

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

IN YOUR March issue I find a letter about obtaining roots of the White
Violet. A neighbor of mine will supply any one desiring them at a
nominal fee. These violets are certainly charming and grow rapidly. —
Box 23, Strafford, Pa.

— In The Garden Magazine for October, 1919, Mrs. Nellie Mitchell
writes of a wonderful White Violet which she thinks is Viola striata.
I wrote to her, but the letter was returned. I cannot find Viola striata
listed in any catalogue, and I would like very much to know where
1 can get some plants; there might be many others who would, too, I
think. If the lady has any for sale I would consider it a great favor
if 1 could purchase some. 1 find the magazine very helpful and do not
want to miss a single number. I especially like the articles by Louise
B. Wilder; but almost everything is interesting, and I also find the
advertisements as interesting and as helpful as the text.— Mrs. G. G.
Melhart, Sumner, IVash.

— On page 48 of the March issue is a letter from Aspen, Colorado;
also one from Delaware about White Violets. They grow plentifully
in the Ozarks and we have quantities of the yellow and tricolor
varieties (not Pansies) that have been transplanted to our yard.

I have a Musk Cluster Rose brought from Maryland by my grand-
mother in 1 8 1 1 . It is hardy in this climate, but I think it would be
necessary to protect it in Colorado. I will gladly send two or three
slips to Mrs. Layton if she will write and give me her full address.
There is a complete history of this (to me) wonderful Rose in an old
number of the magazine. I have several hundred Rose bushes in my
garden, also many Clove Pinks. — Mrs. Wm. H. Thomson, Valley
Home, Arcadia, Mo.

Defending Bellflowers Once More

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

IS NOT Mr. Hinckley a little inclined to be didactic in his strictures on
Bellflowers in The Garden Magazine for December? Like most
other plants, Campanulas vary in their conduct according to condi-
tions of climate, cultivation, and soil. Far from being an “infernal
nuisance” because it is a biennial, 1 find C. Medium, the old and
well beloved Canterbury Bell, a most valuable inhabitant of my
garden. Fulfil its very simple requirements and it will give you great
reward; deny them and it will heap coals of fire on your unworthy head
by sowing itself pertinaciously in some untended garden spot or not-
too-well-kept gravel path. You have only to transplant these vagrant
seedlings into well prepared soil to insure a constant supply of good
plants.

Many people make the mistake of covering Canterbury Bells
too warmly through the winter. Like all herbaceous perennials
(or biennials) which grow from a central crown, they are impatient
of heavy manure, or indeed of any heavy mulch, asking only a light
protection of straw, leaves, orpine-boughs against the perils of winter
sunshine and thaw. This is true even in a climate where the ther-
mometer registers 40° below zero. Last summer I had magnificent
specimens of bloom, both of C. Medium and C. M. calycanthema from
seedling plants, which I discovered in September in a border where
they had been swamped all summer by Nasturtiums and Calendulas.
A kindly frost disclosed them to view, and, transplanted to a bed of
rich soil, they made a good autumn growth and produced exceptionally
fine flowers the following June. My great difficulty in keeping them
over the winter is due to field mice and moles, which will destroy a
large bed of them in a short time, but 1 have been quite successful in
vanquishing these pests by sowing naptha flakes and paris green
liberally among my Campanulas just before covering them in late
autumn, and the same treatment has worked well with Tulips and
Primulas. I don’t consider C. Medium a shade-loving plant, but like
to give it a place where it has full morning sunshine; and while it
appreciates a light rich diet, it is not discouraged by war-time rations,
being in short, a good example of the survival of the fittest!

C. persicifolia comes readily from seed and does fairly well with me —

WHITE VIOLETS
Which appeal with a subtle allure

at least I think so until I visit the neglected old garden of a neighbor,
where it fairly runs riot in ground shaded and drained by Maple trees,
utterly uncared for, and crowded by hungry hordes of less desirable
plants! Yet here, year after year, are such splendid stalks of milk-
white bells as my carefully tended garden never can equal! You
can cut an armful and they will never be missed. The white of this
flower is of a peculiarly beautiful quality. It has the translucence
and purity of melting snow. As in most other varieties of its tribe the
blue is less good. Two Campanulas which Mr. Hinckley fails to men-
tion are good shade-growers and are favorites with me — C. punctata
and C. rapunculoides. The former has large tubular bells, cream-
white without, speckled like a sparrow’s egg within, hanging irregularly
on a stem from twelve to fifteen inches tall. It is a good companion
for Peonies, blossoming at the same time, and its only fault is a ten-
dency to increase too rapidly from the root, as does its neighbor, the
pretty Snowdrop Anemone (another shade-loving plant by the way).
C. rapunculoides is the “old Blue-bell” of farm-house gardens of
Colonial days. No catalogue lists it, so far as I know, and my own
stock of it has been gleaned from road-side patches where it has crept
from some old flower plot, or from a clearing in the woods where a clump
of Tansy and Blue-bells, a Lilac or a Cinnamon Rose bush still show
“where once a garden smiled.” It has a slender, tapering spire of blue
flowers with rather spreading segments. The charming little C.
pulla, C. pusilla, and C. portenschlagiana are all dainty rock-plants
deserving to be better known in this country. I have brought them
from England and they have lived, with me, for a year or two, with
protection, but they are fugitive at best. Do they need lime in the
soil? Will not some one who has grown them successfully tell me?
The exquisite white C. isophylla is the prettiest of pot plants and
is easily propagated by division. Has any one found it hardy as far
north as New York or New England?

Let us not forget our own native Hare-bell, C. rotundifolia, one of
our most charming wild flowers, an unfailing surprise and delight,
whether one comes upon a colony of its graceful flowers swinging on
their wiry stems among the scarlet Columbines of an upland pasture
in late May, or sturdily blossoming after November frosts have nipped
every other flower except the pale honey-yellow of the Witch-hazel
which grows on the same rocky hill-side. It takes kindly to cultiva-
tion and does not lose its grace as do so many wild flowers under similiar
circumstances. All the above-named Campanulas will grow well in
shade except C. Medium; such, at least, is my experience. — M. E.
Hale, Florida.

A Bit of Encouragement

To the Editor of The Ga*rden Magazine:

IONLY wish 1 could express to you how we love your Garden Mag-
azine. We bought a home here a year ago, and since then have
changed even our language when speaking of flowers, now using the
botanical names. You have given such wonderful help to us in

204

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

I

selecting flowers and planting them and in telling the season appropri-
ate for each shrub or flower. We cannot throw the old magazines away,
for we constantly refer to them; I fear some good books have dust on
them, but not The Garden Magazine. We started by taking a
number of magazines and wound up by discarding all but yours which
is the most practical and livable. This is not “hot-air” for sure
enough we mean every word of it. — Mrs. John L. Adams, Madison.N.J.

Wisterias From Seed

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

\A7 E HAVE an old Wisteria vine on the house which extends around
* * three sides and up into a Live Oak tree at one end. Every
winter there are quantities of seed scattered, and early one spring I
sowed a number of them in pots to see what result a little care would
bring. The seeds were well soaked beforehand and all germinated.
The little plants were thinned out, one to a pot, and remained in the
open all that year, making a growth of about a foot.

The next spring three of them were set out, in varying positions, by
the garage, and all sent up runners of several feet. The third year
they made astonishing growth, reaching to the top of the two-story
building and running part way across. In March of the fourth year
we were delighted to find flower racemes forming and by the middle of
April there must have been at least twenty-five of these on each
of two of the vines. The third vine, having a north exposure, did not
bloom until the following spring.

There are so many complaints of the failure of Wisteria to bloom
that it might be worth while for others to try my plan. This was in
California where things are, of course, expected to flourish; but the
Wisteria is so hardy that it should do well anywhere.

My vines received only very ordinary care and the ground was not
especially prepared for them. The variety sown was Wisteria chinen-
sis. — Leila B. Stapleton, Oroville, Calif.

The Lace Flower and Gladiolus

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

COR decorative use it would be hard to find two more perfect
*■ complements for each other than the Gladiolus and the white
Lace-flower, Wild-carrot or Queen Anne’s Lace, as some call it. They
have the same blooming season — July until frost — and both “hold up”
equally well as cut flowers during warm weather.

But here the similarity ends, for the modern Gladiolus, as we know
it, is the achievement of famous hybridizers; it is treated to the best
soil and cultivation, while the Lace-flower is merely a weed that con-
tents itself by smiling at us from fence corners, dusty roadsides, and
waste ground.

The creamy white umbels of the Lace-flower furnish a perfect
background for the large brilliant blooms; and where shades of differ-
ent varieties of Gladiolus fail to harmonize, such as lavender with sal-
mon pink or crimson with scarlet, the humble Lace-flower used in
quantity can come nearer than anything else toward resolving color
harmony out of discord; and the slender stems also have a tendency
to offset the too-stiff spikes of some varieties of our great summer
flower. But it is to the salmon pink Gladiolus that the Lace-flower adds
the touch supreme. A vase or basket of Halley, Mrs. King, Prince of
Wales, Gretchen Zang, or Evelyn Kirtland combined with a few sword-
like leaves of the Gladiolus, and the filmy Lace-flower makes a decoration
that cannot be excelled for effectiveness. — Claudia Walters, Spring-
field, Ohio.

tfK © £Mont/vs ^e/nmc/er

“Come with me, then, behind the scenes, where we are concerned only with the joys of plant increase and rejuvenation”

The Reminder is to “suggest" what may be done during the next few weeks Details of
low to do each item are given in the current or the back issues of The Garden Magazine — it
is manifestly impossible to give all the details of all the work in any one issue of a magazine.
References to back numbers may be looked up in the index to each completed volume (sent
gratis on request), and the Service Department will also be glad to cite references to any special
topic if asked by mail.

When referring to the time for out-door work of any sort New York City at sea level in a nor-
mal season is taken as standard: but at best dates can only be approximate. Roughly, the season
advances northward fifteen miles a day Thus Albany, which is one hundred and fifty miles from
New York, would be about ten days later, and Philadelphia, which is ninety miles southwest
about a week earlier. Also allow four dots for each degree of latitude, for each five degrees of
longitude, and for each four hundred feet of altitude.

MAY— ON THE THRESHOLD OF ACHIEVEMENT

Copyright , 1921, Double day, Page iff Co.

®HEN the first flush of spring enthusiasm has expended itself
in the planting of early crops, a tendency develops toward a
slackening of effort, and that just at a time when more and
more attention is essential for the future welfare of the garden,
and in fact for the comfort and pleasure of the gardener.
Returns will be in proportion to the effort expended, and neglect at
this time will result in more and much harder work later on. What
is pleasant exercise to-day may become a laborious necessity a fewr days
later.

About the Grounds

Any patching of the lawns to be completed at once and don’t wait too
long before cutting grass. Planting of deciduous stock to be com-
pleted and evergreens moved before growth starts. Apply a good
mulch after thoroughly watering late planted stock..

Late in the month spray for the elm-leaf beetle, using an arsenate.
Before the leaves expand destroy caterpillar nests on the trees by means
of a kerosene torch. After the caterpillars have hatched they
must be poisoned by spraying the leaves with an arsenate.

Prune all early flowering shrubs as soon as they are through flowering.
Hydrangeas to be watered with alum water if blue flowers are
required, though the effect may not develop till next year.

Fruit Garden

Many of the small fruits may yet be planted, but not with the same
prospect of good crops as assured by earlier planting.

Keep hoe and cultivator constantly at work not only to check weeds
but to loosen and aerate the soil.

Give the strawberry patch an application of fertilizer, raking it in, and
spread a mulch of straw or lawn clippings to keep the fruit clean.

A sharp lookout should be kept for currant worm which soon strips
the leaves off the bushes. Hellebore powder applied with bellows
early in the morning while the leaves are yet wet with dew is
effective, or arsenates.

Spray fruit trees (i) as the buds swell, (2) when the blossoms show pink,
and (3) as the last of the petals are falling. Use lime sulphur
1-40; lead arsenate 1-20; nicotine (as Black Leaf 40) 1 pint to 100
gallons water, for scale, codling moth, and aphis, respectively.
Mildew on Gooseberries is controlled by sulphide of potassium.

Sow cover crops in the orchard where intercropping with vegetables or
other things is not done; these to be plowed under when a good
stand is obtained. If this is not practical, mulch round the trees
with leaves, lawn clippings, grass weeds, previously scattering 4
or 5 lbs. of acid phosphate around each large tree as far as the
spread of the branches.

Vegetable Garden

Light and frequent cultivation of early planted crops now breaking
through the soil not only prevents the weeds from getting ahead,
but prevents loss of much needed moisture by arresting the capil-
lary ascent of water when it meets the layer of well worked surface
soil.

Thin out young vegetable seedlings as soon as the second true leaves
show. Overcrowding is detrimental.

Underground worms which attack such root crops as Beets, Radishes,
etc, may be controlled by lime, soot, or tobacco dust scattered
over the ground before planting, lightly raked in.

Keep the asparagus bed clear of weeds.

Cut off seed pods of Rhubarb plants. If seeding is persistent, the roots
need moving so make a note for future use.

Get in poles for Tomatoes (or, if trellises are used get them into place)
prior to setting out the plants after all danger of killing frosts is
past.

Harden off and set out late in the month Egg-plants, Peppers, Musk-
melons, Watermelons, and Cucumbers. Weather and local
conditions must be the guide if you do not use protectors. Seeds
may now be planted in drills or hills. On light soils planting in
rows on level ground is satisfactory. Rich ground is essential.
Well rotted manure, pulverized sheep manure, and ground bone,
are excellent supplements to good natural soil.

Lettuce to be sown every two weeks to keep up a regular supply. After
the middle of the month sow the Crisphead varieties like Iceberg
and New York (see article in April Garden Magazine).

String Beans to be sown regularly every two weeks. All sorts of Pole
Beans may be planted now. Set the poles first, using manure
and fertilizer in the hill.

Several sowings of Peas to be made during the month, making drills
deeper than for the earlier sowings.

Make succession sowings of Beets and Carrots.

Endive to be sown in small quantities at frequent intervals to maintain
regular supply.

Corn to be sown as soon as the ground is fit and plant successions at
short intervals. Try planting one row each of an early, midseason,
and late kind at one time.

Early Celery to be planted out. Seed of late Celery for winter use to
be sown at once, if not already done; also Celeriac which requires
a long season of growth.

Make up a seed bed outdoors and sow such Brassicas as Late Cabbage,
Cauliflower, Brussels Sprouts, Kale, etc.

Chicory, or French Endive to be sown to secure roots for forcing next
winter.

Sow Okra when the ground becomes really warmed.

As insect and other pests will soon become active, see that supplies of
necessary spraying materials are on hand.

Flower Garden

Perennials still to be shifted or thinned out to be attended to at once.
Where early plants are not available from greenhouse or hotbed
all kinds may be sown in the open ground for blooming in July.
Lupines, Candytuft, Calendulas, Nasturtiums, Eschscholtzias,
Lavatera, etc. are better sown where they are to flower and thinned.
Others may be sown in prepared beds, and transferred as occasion
requires.

Portulaca, Petunia, and Nicotiana are slow to germinate in open
ground, hence allow plenty of time. The more hardy things may
be sown early in the month; and the tender ones toward the end.

Achillea cut to the ground when it has finished flowering, will give a
second crop of bloom late in the season.

Delphiniums to be kept staked up; remove all seed pods, and feed
frequently with liquid manure.

Iris need an abundance of water after flowering.

Roses will be opening leaves by the first week of the month; spray
against mildew with \ oz. sulphide of potassium to a gallon of
water. When the buds form, give manure-water. Use whale-oil
soap 1 lb. to 8 gallons water for aphis. Cultivate to keep down
weeds and to retain soil moisture. Pansies set in the rose bed add
not a little to the general appearance, but make cultivation more
difficult. Rose blooms to be cut in the early morning before the
sun strikes them; if put in a cool place in fresh water for a few hours
before being placed in the house will keep much better.

Sweet-peas need well fertilized ground, plenty of moisture, and the
roots kept cool by a mulch.

Bedding out may be started in earnest some time after the middle of the
month, according to locality. Begin with the more hardy things
and be careful to thoroughly harden-off such tender subjects as
Cannas, Coleus, etc.

205

206

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

Prepare a bed for sowing perennials and biennials for next season’s
garden.

Prepare ground for summer flowering bulbs of which the Gladiolus and
Dahlias are the most popular; Tuberous Begonias are useful for
shady beds; the Evening Star (Cooperia Drummondii) has pure
white flowers; Lilies include auratum, speciosum, tigrinum, etc;
the common Day-lilies (Funkia and Hemerocallis) may be added.

Peonies will be benefited when the buds show, by surface dressing of
sheep manure, nitrate of soda, or liquid cow manure.

Early Asters to go outdoors as soon as possible in well prepared ground;
rotted barnyard manure is best, but failing this, commercial potato
fertilizer.

Window boxes to be repaired, and new ones made and filled as soon as
possible. A generous compost is essential since a great number of
plants are crowded into a limited space, and they must be well fed if
they are to look their best right along. A layer of manure in the
bottom of the box, with a compost of three parts good garden
soil and one part manure mixed together, and a six-inch pot of
bone meal to each bushel of soil will give the plants a good start.

Lily-of-the-valley may still be planted outdoors; rather moist position
with some shade suits best.

It is not too late to plant Aquatics. Nymphaeas may be grown suc-
cessfully in tanks, vats, or barrel ends in pools or sunk in the ground.

The Frames

These will now be fully occupied with annuals and bedding plants de-
manding water more freely, and ample ventilation with a view to
dispensing altogether with the sash before setting the occupants
outdoors. As space is cleared, lightly fork over the soil and
prepare to sow perennials, and biennials.

Hills may be prepared, and Cucumbers of the English frame type
sown to occupy the frames for the rest of the summer. Melons may
be used in this way too.

The young Carnation plants hardening in the frames may be planted
outside. Keep well cultivated, and growths pinched, since upon
the treatment they receive now depends to a great extent their
success next winter.

The Greenhouses

Next winter’s supply of flowers must be thought of now. As soon as
possible empty the houses of all hard-wooded plants such as Azaleas,
Genistas, Acacias, Bougainvilleas, etc., plunging them outdoors to
ripen their wood.

Begonias, Gloxinias, and other flowering plants grown in the green-
house to be well fed; Cyclamen and Primulas may be placed in
cold frames, and slightly shaded.

Plants of Winter-flowering Begonias need attention before they become
pot -bound. Give a light compost made up of a good deal of flaky
leaf-mold, good loam, screened cow manure, and sand, and a
temperature of 60 to 62 degrees at night.

The flowering season of Amaryllis being past, the plants may be placed
in frames, and plunged up to the rims. Give weak liquid manure
once a week at first and twice later on; syringe every fine day, and
see that they are not in need of water. Any attention given
now while making their growth will be repaid when the next
flowering season comes.

Gardenias should be planted early. Clean benches and a rich porous
soil and good drainage are necessary. Syringe well every day
after planting, to ward off insect pests and mealy bugs. A night
temperature of 70 degrees suits.

Stocks for winter flowering to be sown now. Princess Alice, and
Beauty of Nice are good types. Grow cool.

Show Pelargoniums now coming into flower will justify all the care
given them during the next few weeks. Fumigate to keep free
from aphis, and keep the greenhouse cool and airy, with no direct
rays of sun on the plants.

Bulbs of Achimenes started in heat late in March will now have made
some growth, and two or three of the bulbs may be placed to-
gether in pans or baskets, and gradually inured to the greenhouse,
where they will provide a blaze of color. Light shading is neces-
sary.

Adiantums in large pots that were rested during the winter will now
have a dense crop of young fronds. Any not repotted will be
benefited by weak doses of liquid manure once a week. A little
shade will keep the frond a dark uniform color. A. Croweanum
and A. cuneatum require a night temperature of 60 degrees with
70 to 75 degrees sun heat during the day. A. Farleyense requires
from 65 to 70 degrees at night.

Chrysanthemums for exhibition to be kept growing without a check.
A good soil is turfy loam, with one third well rotted cow manure,
and a sprinkling of bone meal. Do not over water, and attend to
tying, staking, pinching, and keeping the plants free from aphis.
Bouvardias may be planted out in loamy soil, and pinched back three
or four times during the summer to make husky plants for lifting
in the fall.

Snapdragons for winter flowering to be started.

Melons for a midseason crop to be started now. They will produce a
crop in about 14 weeks (September); any of the English forcing
types may be used.

The rose benches to be cleaned out and painted with hot whitewash
before any replanting is done. But if the plants are to be carried
over another year, dry off gradually in order to rest them; but do
not over-do it, or they may take a permanent rest.

Among the Orchids

Calanthes may be started into growth in flats of sand. Pot the bulbs
when the roots are quite short. Pot firmly and water sparingly
until the roots get into the soil. Another useful terrestrial Orchid is
Phaius grandiflora, which will soon be in flower. It needs a temper-
ature of 60 degrees at night, a good water supply, and weak cow
manure to strengthen the flower spikes.

Odontoglossums are now in the height of their season. The plants
need full sun for some time longer to redden up their leaves,
thus making them tough to withstand the heat of summer. All
enjoy more water at the roots now.

A temperature of 55 degrees at night is ample for them. A light
spraying on bright days is beneficial. Protect the flower spikes
from snails by wrapping cotton wool around the base of the spikes.

THE CALIFORNIA REMINDER

May and June. Now that the rains are over, irrigate regularly and
follow up with cultivation to conserve the moisture. Sprinkling is
worse than useless. Plant out Cannas, Dahlias, Chrysanthemums.
Begonias, and such warmth-loving annuals as Zinnias and Celosias.
Put in last Gladiolus for succession. Divide and replant Violets for next
winter’s bloom. Dig up spring-flowering bulbs if the ground on which
they are grown is needed. As the summers are so long they will keep
better if in dry soil or sand. Prune spring-flowering deciduous
shrubs.

rhe

Garden Magazine, May, 1921

207

iiuiuuiuiiiuiiiiiuiituuiiijiiiiiiiiiiuuiiiiuiuiuiuiuiiiniimiinuiiiiuiuiiiiuiiiiiiiiiuiiii

JOHN SCHEEPERS, Inc.

Flower Bulb Specialists

No matter kov? large or kov? small your garden
— vJe v?ould consider it a distinct pleasure to
kelp you solve ;$our particular bulb problem,
wketker planning, planting or selecting. Our
tv?enty-fDe years’ experience in growing and
selecting is yours to command.

Advance list of the best in Tulips, Daffodils and Hya-
cinths, etc., for Fall planting, at special import prices,
sent upon request.

FIFTH AVENUE AND FORTY-FOURTH STREET
NEW YORK CITY

208

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

fr

For Thorough
Satisfaction — Gladioli !

Whether your garden is large or small, no flower we can
think of will give you a greater measure of satisfaction for
time, cost and work involved than will Gladioli! Easy to
plant, easy to grow, free from disease and insects, it is the
flower for all. Plant them in quantities, for cutting, for
decoration in garden or home; plant them from now on
until July, for a constant supply of lovely flowers.

Here are a few kinds bound to
please every time, everywhere!

EACH

American Beauty — Scarlet with creamy-

yellow throat $1.00

Clear Eye — Deep scarlet, white center .30

Crimson Glow — Brilliant, satiny “Crim-
son Glow” .50

Dawn — A most beautiful coral-pink .20

Europa — White as the driven snow .25

Frank J. Symmes — Salmon-rose pink

with red center (ruffled) .75

Lilywhite — -An early all-white .50

Mr. Mark — A charming blue .35

Mrs. Dr. Norton — White, edged with pink,

blotched with yellow 1.00

Mrs. W. E. Fryer — Lincoln-red almost

without markings .35

Pink Perfection — A true apple-blossom

pink .15

Prince of Wales — Golden-salmon melting

at throat to primrose yellow .25

Thomas T. Kent — Rose-pink, each petal

touched with ruby .75

Red Emperor — A deep blood red .25

— and don ’t forget —
Peony time is near!

The advanced season will unquestionably bring
us in May the first Festiva Maximas, Edulis
superba and other fair forerunners of that superb
race of flowers, the Peony! If you live within a
hundred miles of Springfield, visit us late in May
or early June. Our fields have been the admira-
tion of thousands for years. We shall be delighted
to mail you both, our list of Gladioli and “Peonies
for Pleasure,” on request.

The Good & Reese Co., Department K

Largest Rose Growers in the World Springfield, Ohio

For the Children. Ernest Thompson Seton’s latest book

WOODLAND TALES, ioo Illustrations. Price $ 2.00 . Doubleday, Page & Co.

NOW

Time

i s
to

plant Dahlias

That Dahlia Garden >x)u have schemed and dreamed about maybe materialized this
month! “A Hundred Forms and a Thousand Colors” are willing to please your every
fancy but, lest this great choice should prove bewildering, let me recommend

5 “Sure-to-BIoom' ’ Kinds for $2.00

Here’s what I will send, for $2.00 postpaid.

Name Type Color Reg. Price

Madonna Peony-flowered fluffy white $ .50

Mina Burgle Decorative fiery scarlet .50

Frank A. Walker Decorative lavender pink .50

J. K. Alexander Colossal royal purple .75

Achievement Collarette maroon, white collar .q=;

$2.60

Please let my free catalogue tell you more about Dahlias— the
Flower for All.

J. K. ALEXANDER

World's Largest Dahlia Grower

27-29 Central St., East Bridgewater, Mass.

“The Dahlia King’*

It's Never Too Late!

Your most cherished wishes for an old-
fashioned Hardy Garden or Rockery
may be gratified. You can start any
time with our well-established, ready-
to-bloom plants.

Palisades Pot-Grown Perennials
to Start that Rockery NOW

Within three or four weeks after setting out plants
you may enjoy the companionship of a pretty little
rock garden, as pictured above. Take your choice
of these, according to your space and garden
situation:

12 Hardy Rock Plants for Sunny or Shady
Rockery in 12 Varieties for $2.50

25 Hardy Rock Plants for Sunny or Shady
Rockery in 12 Varieties for #4-5°

50 Hardy Rock Plants for Sunny or Shady
Rockery in 25 Varieties for $8.50

Let Our New Catalogue Help!

You will find it to abound with offers of plant
material particularly suitable for hardy borders,
rock gardens and old-fashioned gardens. Our
special endeavors are to provide a complete
assortment, hence, whether you want the old
stand-byes or the new things of merit, we believe
we can serve you. Please write for our free
catalogue and mention G. M.

PALISADES NURSERIES, Inc.

SPARK ILL, NEW YORK

HAND MADE FLOWER HOLDERS

These holders are indispensable for short-stem flowers. Those
that have used them cannot praise them too highly. They can be
used for any kind of vase. They were invented to overcome the diffi-
culties of arranging low centerpieces without the aid of moss or sand.
Odd sizes and shapes easily made to order for special containers.
Sizes 2 to 8 inches in diameter.

Prices from $1.50 up.

WALTER S. DANIELS

872 Lexington Avenue New York

Phone: Rhinelander nog.

Tie Garden Magazine, May, 1921

209

HYBRID

Rhododendr

Few garden shrubs posse:
beauty and usefulness o
Rhododendron-Evergreen
glossy laurel-like foliage; i
a distinction of its own th
all four seasons, while early
turns the spot into a fairyl;
vari-colored blooms.

We have just published a
RHODODENDRON Boo
giving cultural hints and de
ing more than twenty-five i
choicest varieties ranging in
from white to crimson.

A copy of the Booklet will be mailed to you

Cottage Gardens Cc

Nurseries

Queens, Long Island, Ne'

The Bay State Nurseries

North Abington, Mass.

Carry a very full line of hardy
northern grown stock which
includes Deciduous and Ever-
green trees in great variety,
Shrubs, Vines, Perennials —
hundreds of varieties —

A Price List
for the asking.

The Bay State Nurseries

W. H. WYMAN. Proprietor

North Abington, Mass.

= Crisper Lettuce =

All vegetables grow better if the soil is stirred frequently
around and between the plants. Lettuce , however, shows a
greater appreciation of thorough tillage than any other crop
in the vegetable garden. Your lettuce heads will grow larger,
develop more quickly and stand longer before going to seed
if you use

Gilson Weeders—

The Nations Crop Stimulators

The two-edged Rocker Hoe thoroughly pulverizes the soil. It gets
the weeds, going and coming, disturbs sprouting weed seeds and creates
the perfect dust mulch that prevents the evaporation of moisture. The
safest and most easily-handled garden tool ever
evolved. Made in five, six and eight-inch
widths, at $1.15, $1.25 and $1.35 each, re-
spectively. Can be used with either six-
foot handle or with wheelframe. If your
dealer cannot supply them, write us.

“ Bigger Crops through
Cultivation ”

is the title of our descriptive catalogue,
telling all about Gilson and Liberty
Hand and Wheel Cultivators besides
special Scratch Weeders, Dandelion
Diggers and other tools to make the
garden grow. Gives valuable hints
on how to cultivate different crops
with different tools for bigger
results. Gladly sent free — please
ask for your copy to-day.

J. E. Gilson Co.

101 Valley Street

Port Washington, Wisconsin

210

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

Almost “Must

Flowers

No garden in early spring can appear at its best without them.
Their brilliant colors, tbeir precise lines, and the unvarying dignity
of their slender stems, make every formal planting their debtor.

Tulips.Hyacinthsand otherspring flowering bulbsdonot possess uniformity of growth
accidentally; only careful selection of the parent stock will bring it about.

That purity of strain runs through all varieties listed in our yearly publication,
‘‘The Blue Book of Bulbs.” Send 25c. for a copy (deduct it from your first order
amounting to $2.50) if you are interested in the prospect of a complete garden.

Chester Jay Hunt, Inc., Box A, Little Falls, New Jersey

Rhododendron Maximum

In car lots

Mt. Laurel

In car lots

Fruit Trees, Fruit Plants, Roses

and other Ornamental trees and plants
Send List of Wants for Price

MORRIS NURSERY CO.

1133 Broadway, New York City

LAWN MOWERS

The merchant who carries
‘Pennsylvania” Quality Lawn Mow-
ers COULD sell the “just as good”
kind cheaper, at greater profit.

But he doesn’t; he values the
“good-will’* of a satisfied
purchaser .

The Flowering Crabs

(Maluses)

The Flowering Crabs have few rivals among the
gorgeous spring-flowering trees and shrubs. At the
Arnold Arboretum one of the important events !
of the year is the blooming of the Crabs followed
by the showy fruit.

Of easy culture, and planted singly or in masses
give remarkable and quick results. While beau-
tiful on the small lawn, Flowering Crabs are used
to the greatest advantage on a large scale in wood-
land and other mass plantings, as are Dogwoods
and Hawthorns. No group of plants have greater
value than the Maluses for enlivening open forest
parks and country roadside; they present striking
effects when planted on parking strips of boule-
vards or wide city streets.

Boxford Nursery, East Boxford, Massachusetts, offers eight of
the finest varieties. Flowering Crabs are quite scarce and
orders should be placed early.

Special Descriptive List and Prices on request. Address

HARLAN P. KELSEY, Owner

Hardy American Plants

Salem Massachusetts

Edith Ripley Kennaday
Consultant in

Practical and Decorative Gardening

Naturalistic Plantings

Perennial Plantings Shrubbery Plantings

The charm of little gardens and the balance and beauty of
larger gardens are due to careful thought and consideration

STUDIO 22M 119 East 19th Street, New York City

“Bulbs that Bloom ” jj

1 hey cannot help but bloom! They will
bring to you — in embryo — the sunshine of
the Cedar Acres, the charms that nature
stores in her gift in form of flowering bulbs.
Please afford our illustrated booklet a
chance to acquaint you with Bulbs of
quality.

Cellar Seres ©labtoU

anti DafjltaS

100 Primulinus Hybrid Seedlings ... $3.00

100 Primulinus Hybrids 5.00

100 Primulinus Hybrids Selected .... 10.00

comes to you from specialists devoted to
bulb production May we hope that you
will give one of the offers a trial?

“Bulbs that Bloom” will reward you with
glorious flower spikes within 90 days after
planting. Be sure to plant liberally
throughout May and June.

B. Hammond Tracy, Inc.

Box 179, Wenham, Massachusetts

Tie Garden Magazine, May, 1921

211

FOUR NEW AMERICAN HYBRID-TEA ROSES

The cream of the new varieties and should be in this year’s garden
of every lover of Roses. The first three varieties are the production of
the same growers who originated the beautiful Los Angeles Rose.

WILLIAM F. DREER

A beautiful Rose which, for delicacy of coloring, is not comparable to any other
variety. The flowers, which are similar in shape to Los Angeles, are beautiful in all
stages of development and are at their best in the half-expanded flower. These, in ex-
panding, are of a soft, silvery shell-pink, the base of the petals of a rich golden-yellow
which gives a golden suffusion to the entire flower. Particularly brilliant early and late
in the season. Strong two-year-old California-grown plants, $2.50 each.

MISS LOLITA ARMOUR

The unique coloring of this novelty is a combination of tints difficult to describe.

The flowers are of large size, full double and delightfully fragrant. Color, deep coral-
red with a golden, coppery-red suffusion. The plant is a strong, vigorous grower, and
very free-flowering. Strong two-year-old California-grown plants, $2.50 each.

MRS. S. K. RINDGE

This is undoubtedly, the finest yellow Rose we have. It is a strong
grower and its rich, chrome-yellow flowers become suffused with salmon-pink
as they mature. Strong two-year-old California-grown plants, $2.50 each.

ROSE MARIE

Reautiful buds and well-formed flowers of a pleasing clear rose-pink. We have no hesi-
tancy in pronouncing it the best bedding Rose of its color to-day. It produces ideal long
buds which open into large splendidly formed flowers. Strong two-year-old plants, $2.00 each.

We will furnish one strong two-year-old plant each of the
above four named Roses for $9.00

Contains a beautiful colored plate of ROSE
MARIE, also many photo-engravings of
other Roses and tells how to grow them. It offers Plants of all kinds, including Dahlias, Hardy
Perennials, Water Lilies, Aquatics, etc.; also Flower and Vegetable Seeds, Lawn Grass anil
Agricultural Seeds, Garden Requisites of all kinds. A copy will be mailed free if you mention
this publication. Write to-day.

714-716 CHESTNUT ST.,
n PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Dreer’s Garden Book for 1921

HENRY A. DREER

a# ■%,

New American Hybrid-Tea Rose William F. Dreer

FOR those who appreciate and demand some-
thing far above the usual in distinction of
surroundings, our superb selection of well-
seasoned, especially nurtured shrubs and trees
insures an ever-present source of gratification.

Send for our handsome book
Beautiful Home Surroundings

r&mmghevrcv JNvtr^erie^

FRAMINGHAM. MASSACHUSETTS

ffiafjlta Jfarm

East Moriches, Long Island, N. Y.

r DAHLIAS |

“ Even Solomon in all his glory,
was not arrayed like one of these.”

The “GARDEN OF DREAMS” Collection

Argyle. A glorious Decorative of rich apricot, suffused carmine,
on long, strong stems. Gorgeously effective. $ 1 .OO

California. A beautiful Peony-Flowered Dahlia from Holland, of
a rich, deep yellow, the giant bloom standing well above foliage
on long, stiff stems. $ 1 .OO

Cour de la Paix. Another Peony -Flowered Dahlia of the colors
our dreams are built of. A beautiful old rose, splashed and shaded
old gold. One of the most beautiful for bouquets. Long, gracefully
strong stems. $ 1 .OO

Johnkeer Boreel Van Hooglander. A glowing orange salmon.
Decorative. $ 1 .50

Nokomis. A Peony-Flower of Stillman’s that flaunts proudly all
the “Glory that was Nineveh’s.” The flower has a base of white
and canary, heavily striped and speckled red. A striking flower
on good stem. $ 1 .OO

Pierrot (Cactus.) An unique and beautiful variety. Deep amber,
every petal boldly tipped white, it is always the “Great Allure”
of our gardens. $ 1 .OO

To all ordering this collection we will include, gratis, 6 Dahlias of our

own choice. 1 2 Grand Dahlias $5.00

If1 A BED OF BEAUTY

lOO Gladioli — lO varieties Prepaid $5.00

THE DAHLIA FARM, East Moriches, Long Island, New York

212

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

INCREASING THE NUMBER
OF YOUR BULBS

RAWING to the war, bulbs are not so easy to
AT get as before. A great many of the kinds
we grow in our garden come from Holland, and
these are not coming along in very big quantities.
I am going to tell you howyou can increase several
kinds of bulbs. These, when they grow up, may
not be quite so fine as those you used to buy,
still they will throw nice flowers.

First of all 1 want to let you know about
Narcissus and Tulips. In the spring, after these

After flowering, the Hyacinth bulb is
scooped out from the bottom and
replanted. Bulblets form as shown

A simpler way is to cross-cut the
bottom of the old bulb; new ones will
then form on the callusing tissues

bulbs have been blooming, you will notice that
they bear babies at their sides. When you can
easily pull these away you should do so, and
plant them out separately in some odd corner I
of the garden. In a year or so they will grow on
until they are of a flowering size. Crocus bears ■
its new bulbs right on the top of the old ones. |
You can pull these away and plant them out |
separately. Snowdrop and Scilla produce the
young fresh bulbs at the sides of the old ones and
all you have to do is to take these away. Bvil
doing this each season you can enormously i
increase your stock of bulbs and you will have
some to give away or to sell to your friends.

Hyacinths do produce new bulbs at the side, ;
but in this case there is a better way of getting

(i Continiud on page 216)

l

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

213

Reproduction from
photograph showing
Cornell underground
system in operation.

WATER SUPPLY AND IRRIGATION
SYSTEMS FOR PRIVATE ESTATES

The Cornell Systems of Irriga-
tion— underground, overhead
and portable — are used in the
grounds of many of the larg-
est and best known estates
throughout the world.

The Cornell Irrigation Sys-
tems will make your lawns
noticeably more handsome,
flowers more profuse, and

gardens more productive.

The Cornell Systems may be
installed at any time without
injury or unsightliness to lawn
or garden.

Write to-day for illustrated
booklet, describing permanent
and portable outfits for coun-
try estates, country clubs, and
gardens.

TN its exquisite daintiness, heightened
by its feathery green foliage, Cosmos
commands a notable place among choice
flowers. A special strain is our Double
Crested White Queen (Page 79 in 1921
Catalogue. Also see list of novelties
on page 7).

Our catalogue lists flower and vegetable
seed collections from 50c up and gives
complete instructions for planting and
cultivating. Send for it to-day.

J. M. Thorburn & Co.

Founded 1802

53 Barclay Street, through to 54 Park Place
New York

W. G. CORNELL COMPANY 45 E. 17th Street, New York City

Engineers and Contractors Plumbing, Heating, Lighting

Chicago

Baltimore

Washington

Boston

Pittsburgh

Norfolk

Philadelphia

Kansas City

Cleveland

Newark

Systems of Irrigation

LANDSCAPE SERVICE

WILLIAM E. ALLEN

Landscape architect

PLANS. ESTIMATES. DESIGNS. FOP. PRIVATE
ESTATES. PARKS. INSTITUTIONAL GROUNDS

5915 WELLESLEY AVENUE PITTSBURGH. PA.

Horsford’s Cold Weather Plants

When you get nursery stock from Vermont you
can be sure that it is hardy. Our Hardy Plants,
Wild Flowers, Lilies, Orchids, Hardy Ferns, Vines,
Shrubs, and Trees which we grow here have always
given satisfaction when properly set. Trees and
Shrubs that we have found tender in severe win-
ters have been discarded from our lists. Ask for our
New Annual before making up your list of wants.

F. H. Hofsford Charlotte, Vermont

[—Keep Your Garden—]

Free from Weeds

There’s an easy way to get rid of them. It saves
the moisture — Makes your vegetables GROW.

D A O C O Weeder, Mulcher and Cultivator
3 Garden Tools in 1

Kills the weeds and breaks the hardest crust into a level, por-
ous, moisture-retaining mulch — all in one operation. Eight
reel blades revolve against a stationary underground knife —
like a lawn mowrer. “Best Weed Killer Ever Used.’*
Cuts runners. Aerates the soil. Works right up to
plants. Has leaf guards, also shovels for deeper culti-
vation. A boy can run it— do more and better work
than ten men with hoes. Five sizes. Inexpensive.

Write TODAY for free illustrated
book and special Factor} -to- User
offer.

BARKER MFG. CO.

Dept 11, David City, Neb.

214

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

THE HEIGHT OF
DAHLIA SPLENDOR

This is your last opportunity to obtain this rare, new Gold
Medal Dahlia.

The flowers are of the most beautiful, true Autumn shade
which is impossible to describe; orange buff tinged with
Neyron rose hardly does it justice.

In size it is immense and as beautiful as large, the flowers
measuring 8 inches or more in diameter under ordinary
garden culture. With extra care, it remains to be seen how
large they can be produced. Profuse bloomer.

$85.00 IN PRIZES

For the best vase of io flowers of Patrick O’Mara. . . .£50.00

For the best vase of 5 flowers of Patrick O’Mara. . .. 25.00

For the best vase of 3 flowers of Patrick O’Mara. . . . 10.00

The flowers to be entered and exhibited at the Flower Show
of the American Dahlia Society at the Hotel Pennsylvania,
New York, September 27 to 30, 1921.

No matter how large and heavy the flowers, the strong,
cane-like stems support them firmly; the flowers held close
to the stem, making them superb and the best of the large
flowering varieties in the garden or when cut for decorating.
One of the best to ship and a long keeper.

Received highest 3core at the Trial Grounds of the American Dahlia
Society and the Society’s Gold Medal at the 1920 Dahlia Show, also Silver
Medal of the Society of American Florists, etc.

WARNING

Dahlias offered under the name of Patrick O' Mara at less than ten
dollars each, are almost certain to be inferior varieties.

Be careful not to be defrauded. Purchase only the genuine of the
originators or from the few reliable dealers offering genuine stock such
as Peter Henderson & Co., and Stumpp & Walter Co., New York, and
Peacock Dahlia Farms, Berlin, N. J.

Strong plants, safe delivery guaranteed, in suitable time for planting,
$10 each.

Circulars on request. Order without delay to secure plants wanted.

RICHARD VINCENT, JR., & SONS CO.

White Marsh, Maryland

Some Special Gladioli

Have you ever grown Mary Fennell? Some people think it as fine
as Mrs. Norton and the price is only one fifth as much. 15c: $1.50
per doz. (Note: I wil! sell bulblets of this at $3.00 per thousand).

Red Emperor, (or Dominion) ‘ Truly Regal.” Rich, dark red,
large, wide open; tall spike very early. 20c. each; $2.00 doz.

Prince of India. Very rare. Sells at 50c. I have only 75 to spare,
bulbs Y2 inch diameter. Ten cents each: $1.00 per doz., fifty for
$3.75. Geo. Paul, (erroneously called “Faust”). Very large Mar-
oon. Intensity. A real bright scarlet with white dotted throat.
These two $1.00 per doz.

Primulinus Hybrids. Kunderd’s strain in various colors, big
bulbs. Mohonk, an old but are Childsi. Golden Wedding. A tall
yellow prim without markings. These three $1.00 per doz. Mrs.

G. W. Moulton. 25c. each: $2.50 doz.

White Giant, (imported, NOT the same as Giant White) A Hol-
land production. 35c. each. (Glory of > Kennemerland. Most re-
markable rose -pink with yellow throat: big as Princeps. Special price
15c. Flora. The best yellow in trade (not counting Golden Meas-
ure which costs too much to get in). Only 50c.

Cr mson Glow. “Finest red” 60c. Le Marechal Foch. (Notice
the ‘Le”) The Holland variety. Larger than America and early as
Halley. Only 60c. (Bulblets $4.00 per hundred).

IHENER’8 HYBRIDS

You know what these are. I have a small surplus of large bulbs
(they can be cut) which I offer while they last, at $1.00 per doz. —
half price. Wonderfully fine, large and varied. A few Diener’s While,
my own growing, true, at $1.50 each. Don’t forget Mrs. J. R. Walsh
(Diener). The most magnificent ever. I have only about 20 of these
at $1.50 and $1.00 each. All prices here quoted are postpaid.

Write for my catalogue of over 150 varieties. Big bulbs of Mrs.
King and America at 50c. doz. $3.00 per hundred. Don’t wait.

GEO. S. WOODRUFF Independence, Iowa

Mention The Garden Magazine

You should have your garden
well under way by now!

But, as usual, thousands who
really know better, have put it
off right up to the last minute.
And this message is addressed
to them.

Plant Perennials!

Iris, Peonies, Phlox, Larkspur,
Sweet Williams, Oriental Pop-
pies, Bellflowers, Japanese
Wind Flowers, Asters, Colum-
bines, Chrysanthemums, Fox-
gloves, Mallows, etc.

25c each, $2-50 a dozen
$18.00 a hundred

We still have them ini ample abun-
dance, all excellent, rapid blooming
plants. But, for their full enjoyment
throughout the summer, they should
be planted no later than right now.
Catalogue gratis.

"Successful Jor over a cer.tury ”

The Garry - nee - Dule Strain \
of PANSIES

; will delight you with the richness of its coloring and §
j the exquisite shape of the flowers. We have selected §
1 and reselected this special strain for years. You, S
; too, will be taken with its beauty.

Strong, transplanted plants, in bud, ready
to bloom, 18 plants for $1.00, postpaid. By

express, $5.00 per 100, prepaid $

Please ask for our illustrated Catalogue “Hardy Plants for 5
^ the Home Garden.” Not as large as some other lists but inter- $
^ esting enough to deserve your attention. Gladly mailed free. $
£ Let’s get acquainted. 5

W. A. TOOLE

Garry -nee- Dule Baraboo, Wis.

Rose Arches

T ft. high 4 ft. wide

Galvanized $13.50
Each

Any Size or Shape
Made to Order

Wire and
Iron Fence

— for every" purpose

Trellises
Entrance Gates
Tennis Backstops

BROOK IRON
WORKS, Inc.
37 Barclay St.,
New Ybrk, N. Y.

Suitable Designs of Iron Fence and
Gates for town houses, suburban homes,
country estates and all other properties.

We invite correspondence with those
who are interested. Estimates furnished.

The Stewart Iron Works Co., Inc.

“ The World's Greatest Iron Fence Builders"
220 Stewart Block, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Sales and Construction Representatives
in Principal Cities.

WRITE FOR BOOK OF DESIGNS.

ANDOPEA

Ornamentals exclusively
distinctive in quality ana
variety for street park
and all civic planting
GWe cater to the most
discrinuiiating trade.

Have you seen ANDORRA?

Beautiful

Callahan Sectional Greenhouses

Beauty of architecture, beauty of con-
struction, beauty of finish are combined
most delightfully in the Callahan Sec-
tional Greenhouses.

Individuality of Appearance

There are several styles which can be
secured in practically any size which
makes it possible to choose one that
will fit most pleasingly into its surround-
ings, whether limited or spacious, and
give that most desired appearance of
individuality.

Erected it a Few Hours

Callahan Greenhouses are completely
finished in easy-to-handle sections which
anyone can easily bolt together. A few
hours, a wrench and screw driver and
your house is ready to use.

You profit from savings
effected by factory produc-
tion and the elimination of
erection expenses. Write for
your copy of The Greenhouse
Book.

T. J. CALLAHAN CO.
205 Fourth St., Dayton, 0.

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

215

DON’T abandon your plans for beautifying your grounds this
season. There is still a good deal of effective planting
that you can do even in May- — many varieties of Perennials,
for instance, and Evergreens. One of many happy arrange-
ments is the plan shown in the picture: the approach to the
house bordered by Perennials, with Evergreens for the
foundation planting. The Evergreens not only provide a rich
setting for the house but a background which enhances the
natural beauty of the mass of Perennials. The result is a warm,
colorful, fragrant greeting to your guests and an indelible im-
pression of charm and hospitality.

Moons ’ Nurseries

THE WM. H. MOON CO.

PENNSYLVANIA

MORRISVILLE

which is 1 mile from Trenton, N. J.

Fine Velvety Lawns

Luxuriant Flowers and Shrubbery

Assured by the Use of the New

FERTALL GUN

and Ball Fertilizer

Scientific — Yet So Simple

The FERTALL GUN

A unique invention — made of polished brass like the nozzle — is attached to
the garden hose or sprinkler, forming a convenient handle as in illustration,
and need not be removed.

FERTALL BALLS are sparkling, all-soluble, no-waste, odorless, stainless plant food that
stimulates and revives grass or garden plants and flowers and discourages weeds.

Load the Gun with the Balls and sprinkle lawn or garden in the usual way ten or twelve
times a season. The fertilizer will be distributed evenly in dilute liquid form wherever
you wish to apply it, keeping the lawn fine, healthy and weedless throughout the summer.
No garden lover should be without the FERTALL GUN.

FERTALL GUN— $2.50

FERTALL BALLS I charge ^6 Balls), 15c: 8 charges (48 balls), $1.00. One
charge sufficient to fertilize, one time, 800 square feet.

FERTALL TABLETS for potted plants, box of 12, 10c.

Combination Offer

FERTALL GUN and 8 charges
(48 FERTALL BALLS)— sufficient
for a season’s feeding of a moder-
ate size lawn. By
Parcel Post Prepaid
for

The Fertall Co.

9 Campbell St., Newark, N. J.

lg oi a mooer-

$3.50

State .

S

MAIL ORDER COUPON

Fertall Co., Newark, N. J.

Enclosed is $3.50 for which send me your guar-
anteed Fertall Gun and 8 charges of Fertall Balls
by mail, postpaid, with privilege of return within
30 days if not satisfactory.

Name

Street and Number

City.

=The Carolina Hemlock=

The Rarest and Most Beautiful
American Evergreen

Prof. Sargent, Director of the Arnold Arboretum
says: The handsomest of the Hemlocks which can
he grown in Massachusetts and one of the most
beautiful trees in the Arboretum is *** Tsuga
caroliniana.

Its dense dark foliage, sweeping semi-pendulous branches, and
eventually pyramidal form combine to give a distinctive charm not
known in other evergreens. Extremely hardy and adaptable to city
conditions. Unrivaled as a single specimen, in groups or for large
mass effects. As a Hedge Plant, Carolina Hemlock may be sheared
readily and cannot be too highly recommended for this use.

Prices of Carolina Hemlock

At Boxford Nursery, Boxford, Massachusetts

6 to 9 in. xxx transplanted, bushy

9 to 12 in. xxx transplanted, bushy 1.00

12 to 18 in. xxx transplanted, bushy, B & B

18 to 24 in. xxx transplanted, bushy, B & B

Splendid specimens, 6 to 9 ft. B & B 40.00 to 60.00 each

All sizes from 1 foot up will be balled and burlaped ( B &• B)

AZALEA LUTE1A. Great Flame Azalea. Georgeous color ef-
fects from finest red-lead through to lemon and sulfur-yellow. A
strictly hardy American Azalea rivaled only by the famous but
tender Indian Azaleas. Splendid clumps, with many stems and
masses of flower buds in mixed shades.

Prices of Azalea lutea

At Boxford Nursery, Boxford, Massachusetts
Each

12 to 18 in. clumps $1.00

18 to 24 in. clumps 2.00

2 to 3 ft. clumps

3 to 4 ft. clumps

4 to 5 ft. clumps 8.00

Selected labeled colors double above prices

Send for “The Successful Rhododendron Bed” and catalogue of
the largest collection of Hardy American Plants.

HARLAN P. KELSEY

Salem, Massachusetts

Each

10

100

$0.60

$ 5.60

$ 50.00

1.00

9.00

80.00

1.50

14.00

132.00

2.25

20.00

180.00

40.00 to 60.00 each

Each

10

100

$1.00

$ 9.00

$ 80.00

2.00

18.00

172.00

3.00

28.00

260.00

5.00

48.00

440.00

8.00

CAROLINA HEMLOCK AT ARNOLD ARBORETUM

216

Water Lilies are Hot
Weather Plants

In mid-summer’s hottest days the Ten-
der Water Lilies bloom most freely — indeed
on an August day I have counted seven
flowers on one plant. Of these Tender
1 'Hes my favorites are: Mrs. C. W. Ward, deep
e-pink, $2 each; Pulcherrima, blue, $2 each;
'Warn Stone, purple, $2 each; Dentata
(night blooming), white, $i each. But
there are other splendid Tender varieties
described in

WILLIAM TRICKER, Water Lily Specialist

Box E, ARLINGTON, N. J.

Tricker’s Booklet of Water Lilies

which may be grown in an artificial pool.
All the information you need to insure your
success with Water Lilies is given in this book-
let. Send to-day for a copy.

n

_3 Remarkable Strawberries 3_

Buckbee— The result of thirty-five years of hybridization.
Produces enormous, glossy red berries, similar in flavor to
Chesapeake. Buckbee is undoubtedly the best strawberry for
long distance shipping. $4.00 a dozen, $7.50 for 25. $13.50 for
50, $25.00 a 100.

Kevitt’s Jubilee — A prolific bearer of per-
fect berries — dark red in color. This berry
created a sensation when introduced. $2.50 a
dozen, $4 50 for 25, $8.00 for 50, $15.00 a 100.

Beal — a ^reat favorite. Fine form, large size
and wonderful flavor. $1.75 a dozen, $3.00 for
25. $5 50 for 50, $10.00 a 100.

Standard varieties such as Barrymore, Marshall
and Sharpless — prices on application.

We are Strawberry Specialists. Write for Special
Literature,

WM. M. HUNT & COMPANY
148 Chambers St. New York

TW dbuwojxfi QuajhcLu&ytir Gordon*

BoXTCa/i&e/vut

Originated and Introduced by

The Elm City Nursery Company

Woodmont Nurseries, Inc.

Box 191, New Haven, Conn.

Box-Barberry can be safely planted in
spring or fall.

Send for special Box-Barberry folder and
general Nursery Catalogue.

The Finest Estates in America
Are Equipped with

"Buffalo” Portable Fencing System

Fire Fenders, Spark Guards and Fire Place Screens

With "BUFFALO” PORTABLE FENCING SYSTEM you can build enclosures
of any size for chickens, ducks, geese, dogs, rabbits and other small fowls or animals.

These enclosures prevent flowers from being destroyed and permit rotation of yards.

"BUFFALO” PORTABLE FENCING SYSTEM is light, strong and neat in ap-
pearance. It is easy to put up and easy to shift. No heavy work to be done.

WRITE for Booklet Tlo. 70-C, 'which shows designs, sizes and prices. Mailed upon receipt of 6c postage.
"BUFFALO” FIRE FENDERS, SPARK GUARDS and FIRE PLACE SCREENS cannot be compared
with flimsy, cheap ones. They are of good and correct design, strong and durable, and
made by the most skillful workmen from the best "BUFFALO ” quality of fine mesh
wire doth. We make them to fit any size fire place opening and in any desired finish.
We also make high grade VINE TRAINERS, TREE GUARDS, GARDEN FUR-
NITURE and WINDOW GUARDS. Information gladly furnished on request.
WRITE for complete catalogue Tip. 8-BF. ^Mailed upon receipt of 10c postage.

BUFFALO WIRE WORKS CO., Inc.

467 TERRACE (Formerly Scheeler’s Sons) BUFFALO, N. Y.

The Garden Magazine, May, 192T

{Continued from page 212 )

large numbers of fresh ones. This is the plan
which 1 have seen carried out in Holland. When
the leaves have died away from the Hyacinth
bulb in the spring you take it from the soil.
Then, with a knife, you cut rather deeply a cross
at the bottom part. Or you might scoop out
the bulb on the underside. You could follow
either of these plans. The Dutch growers call a
Hyacinth which has been cut like this the
“mother” and you will soon know why. This
bulb is placed in a sunny win'dow where it will
just simply bake. After a little while you will
see that the “mother” has started to bud off
quantities of little bulbs — the “children.” When
these are about as big as the top of one’s finger
they are ready for gathering. They may then
be planted in the garden or in pots and grown on
until they reach flowering size. The blooms will
not be quite so large as those you get from the
bulbs brought straight from Holland but they
will be very nice. — S. Leonard Bastin.

GROWING VERY EARLY
TOMATOES

UNDER various conditions of soil, climate,
etc., 1 have grown thirty kinds of Tomatoes
and for satisfactory early varieties can recom-
mend the following:

June Pink: excellent medium to large-sized
fruit, smooth skinned; prolific bearer.

Burpee’s Earliest Pink: slightly earlier than
June Pink; fruit not quite so smooth but better
flavored and fewer seeds.

Earliana: red fruited, a prolific bearer; good
size and shape; very like June Pink except as to
color.

Maul’s Earliest: rather good, meaty, red
fruited variety; earliest of the large fruited
class.

Damp soil is especially harmful for the early
varieties; the ground is too cold for them to make
rapid growth, and moreover they produce foliage
rather than fruit. Also they are subject to black
rot, a disease very deadly to the Tomato plant in
the South. A well drained, sandy loam is best.

For horse cultivation I make my rows two
feet apart; for cultivation by hand only fourteen
to eighteen inches, and set the plants twelve
inches apart in the rows. Early Tomatoes re-
quire the room that later main crop varieties do,
and it is seldom necessary to stake them; though
staking is sometimes of benefit, especially with
June Pink, Earliana, and similar kinds, which
have a tendency to grow tall and produce a
second crop.

I usually sow the seed for the very early
Tomatoes the second week in December and sow
thinly so as to produce large, stocky plants for
transplanting to the open in February. Nothing
should be done to check their growth and cause
unnecessary delay. Have plenty of room to
take up a lot of soil with the roots so that no
breakage may occur; by doing this the usual
setback after transplanting is avoided. It is
better to have a few vigorous plants than many
stunted ones; remember that one week’s check in
growth usually means fruit two or three weeks
later.

It is also very important to watch the hotbed

( Continued on page 222)

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The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

Large Flowering Hardy Clematis

We offer these beautiful climbers in the following
colors: White, purple, blue and red. Extra fine potgrown
plants at $1.50 Each, $15 00 per Dozen.

Potgrown Polyantha Roses

Flowering practically all summer they are an ornament
in any garden.

Strong plants out of 4" pots in the following varieties:
$8.50 per Dozen. $65.00 per 100.

BABY RAMBLER— Red.
ECHO— Soft Pink.

EDITH CAVELL (new)— Brilliant
scarlet.

ELLEN POULSON— Brilliant rosy
pink.

GRETA K.LUIS — Deep carmine
pink.

JESSIE — Bright cherry crimson.

MARIE PAVIC— White.

MME. JULES GOUSCHAULT—

Vermilion red shaded orange.

MRS. W. H. CUTBUSH— Peach

pink.

ORLEANS — Cerise pink.

Polygonum Baldschuanicum

(Silver Lace Vine)

Strong growing climber producing from July to October beautiful
foamy sprays of white flowers. Most desirable for covering Arbors,
Trellises, Pergolas, etc. Absolutely hardy. Strong potgrown plants for
May deliver $1.2o Each, $12.00 per Dozen.

Correspondence on Horticultural Subjects is incited, and your patronage is respectfully requested.

MULLER-SEALEY COMPANY, Inc.

Horticultural Specialists 145 West 45th Street, New York

^ An entire garden library
in one volume —

“The Complete
Garden”

by Albert D. Taylor, M. S. A.

Whether you live in Oregon, Maine, Florida, or Min-
nesota, this book will answer any questions you will
ask it. (Size 7" x 103^")- Fully illustrated with charts,
diagrams, and illustrations in color and black and
white.

Price $6.00. Order from any bookseller

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

Publishers

GARDEN CITY, N. Y., and TORONTO

Lawn

Are you interested in saving three quarters of the
mowing cost, and, at the same time, know that your
lawn is kept in better condition?

The MOTO-MOWER solves this problem

One man with a MOTO-MOWER can do the work
of five men with a hand mower and do it better.

The MOTO-MOWER is adjustable to any practical
cutting, makes a 27 inch cut and climbs a 35 per
cent, grade.

The MOTO-MOWER is light, flexible, easy to handle
and practically fool proof; in point of construction it
stands supreme.

It can be operated in practically any place where a
hand mower can be operated — on hills, terraces, or in
restricted places. We can assure you that it meets
every one of your conceptions of a perfect lawn
mower and labor saver.

You surely must be interested in knowing more
about the MOTO-MOWER.

Write for descriptive booklet

THE MOTO-MOWER COMPANY

2033 Woodward Ave. Detroit, Mich.

A Smooth, Well-Groomed

218

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

II ^

Double-Glazing Insures Results

WBs&sks.

GREENHOUSES

READY TO ERECT

The scientific principle of Sunlight Double-
Glazing is based on two layers of glass with a f inch
dead-air space between, forming a transparent “blanket.”

This patented construction retains all the heat and admits all the
light, doing away entirely with mats, shutters and covering of all
kinds.

Cuts Cost of Operation and Labor in Half

and insures positive results and earlier and hardier plants. Sunlight
Double-Glazed Greenhouses are shipped in perfectly fitted sections,
ready to put up — no experience required.

Sunlight Double-Glazed Sash

on a Sunlight Greenhouse are interchangeable to Hot Beds and
Cold Frames at will.

Write for our Complete Sunlight Catalogue giving fu'l particulars and valuable
information on growing under double-glazing.

SUNLIGHT DOUBLE-GLASS SASH

Division Alfred Struck Co., Inc.

927 E. Broadway

Est. 1860

CO.

Louisville, Ky.

ROSEDALE NURSERIES

"The Home of Well-Grown Evergreens ”

Box A Tarrytown, N. Y.

Bridal Wreath Spiraea

Listed as Spiraea Van Houttei in catalogues, this
early spring flowering shrub is without a rival for
graceful beauty and dependable flowering qualities.
Our stock of this is extra choice and we invite op-
portunities to quote on quantities.

Other seasonable specialties available this month
include: Trailing Arbutus, Wild Roses, Pachysan-
dra. Wild Ground Covers, Ferns, etc.

Descriptive Catalogue gladly mailed on request-

AMHERST NURSERY, Amherst, Mass.

“Over Thirty Years at Work with Plants 99

—Peonies—

for Mass Bloom

Peonies provide wonder-
ful mass color effects.
Rosedale varieties range
in color from pure white
and delicate cream to
deep maroon. Cata-
logue ready August ist.
Send your name and
address to-day.

Skinner System watering
tomatoes taller than a man;
and loaded with fruit.

A turn of a valve and your garden waters itself.

THE

THE TRUE TALE OF
GARDEN THAT WATERS ITSELF

Skinner System watered
lima beans 13 feet high and
thick with pods.

Suppose that some day, just at dusk, it were possible to
rub Aladdin’s Lamp, and promptly your sprinkling can and
watering hose became animated.

Suppose that all through the cool of the night they went
about in your garden gently, but thoroughly and uniformly,
watering every inch equally well. Watering it, so that you
found you could actually grow twice the amount on the

219 Water St.

have

same space. Or reduce the space to half and still
just as much.

Well friends, all these seemingly mystic things are exactly
what the Skinner System will do for you.

When writing, if you will mention the size of your
garden, it will help you as well as us. Send for full
particulars.

igation

rri

innc*r

Troy, Ohio

Expert Planting Advice

To do full justice to your grounds, your shrubs and
plants should be located with the greatest care. Equally
important in planting is a knowledge of soils and other
conditions favorable or unfavorable to successful growth.

Mr. S. Mendelson Meehan, of this firm, will be glad to view
your property when in the vicinity and suggest new plantings or re-
arrangements of the existing layout which will enhance the beauty
of your grounds. No obligation is entailed. Before the itinerary is
completed, write

°]Aomas .MEEHAN. £— Sons

Nur<«rymen Horticulturist?

Pioneer Nurserymen of America

6717 Chew Street Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.

GREEN’S

TREES AND PLANTS

Everything for Garden and Orchard

SYRACUSE, the best red raspberry grown to-day, CACO,
a wonderful, large red grape. HONEYSWEET, a new black-
cap raspberry and ROCHESTER peach, are fine producers.

Trees True to Name. Apple, peach, pear, cherry, nut and
shade trees. Strawberry plants, raspberry, blackberry, goose-
berry and currant bushes, vines, shrubs, roses and orna-
mentals. Best varieties. 40 years’ producing better plants.
Buy direct. Save money.

Our illustrated catalogue free

GREEN’S NURSERY CO., Box 7, Rochester, N.Y.

YOUR SEEDSMAN HAS

BUG DEATH and
BUG DEATH APHIS

For your

Flowers — Vines — Vegetables — Shrubs

NO PARIS GREEN
NO ARSENIC

May we send you — free — “Are We
Builders or Destroyers?” — A Book-
let of facts about sound soil and
healthy gardens.

Danforth Chemical Co.

Leominster, Mass.

Est. 1896

219

'Tie Garden Magazine, May, 1921

The Loudon Adjustable Flower Stand

The above picture shows a Cibotium fern swung at an angle of 45°. The Loudon stand enables
the growing plant to be adjusted to the best possible position to obtain sunlight — while a plant can
be put in any desired position for decorative purposes.

Especially designed for growing specimen foliage plants in residences, and sun parlor. The
Loudon stand makes an ideal holder for ferns and other growing plants on your porch.

Send for booklet showing the many uses of the Loudon Stand
as Well as giving complete information in regard to prices.

MARIETTA HOLLOW-WARE & ENAMELING CO.

Marietta, Pennsylvania

So beautifully distinct from any other dahlia. The soft colors and tints blend
so harmoniously. Color at base, citron yellow, outer half creamy white, both
yellow and white mottled and overspread rosolane pink. Many petals showing
faint yellow along midvein. All dusted over with tiny glistening crystal-like
particles as of gold dust. Blooms erect to facing on long cane stiff stems. An
ideal dahlia for cutting, garden or exhibition. Roots $10.00 each. That you
may know our Dahlias we make the following:

Special Introduction Offers ]

2 Giant Century, 2 unique Collarettes, 2 Ball, 6 in all 1.00 |

5 Paeony Dahlias $1.00. 1 Pkt. new Decorative Dahlia Seed 1.00 |

Above 5 offers, each Dahlia carefully labeled, true to name, and my book on The Dahlia, all |

postpaid for $5.00.

OUR NEW CATALOGUE. THE WORLD’S BEST DAHLIAS, not only shows the paeony |
dahlia Queen E izabeth and Golden West Cactus in natural colors, but TEELS THE PLAIN |

TRUTH about the best new and standard varieties, including 10 WONDERFUL NEW CRE- %

ATIONS now offered for the first time. THE LEADING DAHLIA CATALOGUE FREE. I
Write to-day. A post card will bring you a copy by return mail. Mention Garden Magazine |
and receive a colored plate, size 10 by 12 inches, of the new Gold Medal Dahlia Patrick O’Mara. |

PEACOCK DAHLIA FARMS, Berlin, New Jersey

WE ARE THE LARGEST IN THE WORLD

Write

to-day

for

Free

Catalogue

Mary Steffenson

Discoverers of a New World

FOR several years these famous men, Mr. John Burroughs, Mr. Henry Ford,
Mr. H. S. Firestone, and Mr. Thomas A. Edison, have always set aside
a definite time to take a camping trip to the great outdoors to get close to
Nature, and forget their business worries.

Nature is one of the subjects that fascinates
everyone — yet the average person knows little
or nothing about it. The knowledge of any
big, vital subject makes it a precious possession.
The country about you would be far more in-
teresting if you had a knowledge of the living
wild things: could know the birds by name,
their habits, their peculiarities; for all the
species are different. Many of the birds are
rapidly becoming extinct, and it is a duty as
well as a joy to know them. A full knowl-

edge of the wild flowers that you see in your
walks is an accomplishment more than worth
while. The same is true of the trees — while
every species of little animal and insect and
butterfly lives a life full of wonderful secrets.
You can gain an intimate knowledge of the
tens of thousands of interesting subjects, and
you will enjoy the greatest pleasure in learn-
ing about them. The children will read the
volumes with pleasure too — they are so delight-
fully written.

The Most Interesting Information in the World

The Nature Library offers you the most interesting information in the world. It is the most ^hLe^ooTletlfare^Tbehad!

authoritative. The great nature lovers have made it the most beautifully illustrated series of Send the coupon or postal

volumes that has ever been published. There are hundreds of beautiful color plates and thou- -^\\e now for y°urs-~lt ls Free- _

sands of half-tones illustrating the subjects in all their splendor. The season is at hand when yjw1'

the world is taking on a new life, and you will want to know the new joys that Nature has o / n,i-r e ’

in store for you. \ * -_$§T /' g.m. “AGE & CO.

/ 5=i GARDEN CITY, N. Y.

This Beautiful Booklet FREE MT \ \ v; / Please send me free and with-

\ - Ylr ,-V out obligation the beautiful sixteen

We have prepared an attractive booklet descriptive of THE NATURE LI BRARY. This book- \ # ^ / page booklet, containing full page color

let contains six beautiful full page color plates of birds, wild flowers, trees, butterflies, etc., and many \ / plates, sample pages, etc., from The

half-tones, sample pages, and other information about the great outdoors that is of interest to you. Nature Llbrary-

It will give us pleasure to send this booklet free to any of Garden Magazine readers that ask for it. £ *

A coupon is attached for your convenience and we urge that you send it to-day, as only a limited / Name

number of copies can be had. /

Send the coupon or post card now to make sure of getting your copy free. Address

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Garden City, N. Y. /Ci<v

✓

220

— that’s the average cost of operating an electric-
driven Deming Marvel System.

There is not a moment’s waste of current. When
the pressure falls to a set point the motor automatic-
ally starts. The instant the desired pressure is
reached it stops. This system delivers fresh drinking
water right from the well. No need of drinking
tank-stored water.

“Soft" Water at the turn of a Faucet

Many homes enjoying municipal water service have the ad-
ditional advantage of a “soft” water cistern. The “Marvel”
is an ideal, and economical system for delivering soft water
to laundry and bath room.

Complete Catalogue of all Deming
Systems free on request

THE DEMING COMPANY, 321 Depot St., Salem, Ohio

HAND AND POWER FOJi ALL US£S

The Garden Magazine, May, 192

Enteefrisi

Oil Ivon

NCING Chain Link

ENTERPRISE IRON WORKS

Fence Builders for 36 Years

2423 Yandes St. INDIANAPOLIS

Buy Now at the New Low Prices that
Enterprise Fencing You Need!

There is no reason why you should

■ longer delay in making fencing improve-
ments. Enterprise Fencing costs less

■ to-day than at any time since the war.

■ And when you buy Enterprise Fencing
jj you get the best — backed by 36 years’

( specialized experience in building and
| erecting All-Iron and Chain-Link Fen-
| cing. Write to-day for illustrated
| catalogue, mentioning purpose for

■ which fencing is desired.

Protects and
Beautifies

HOMES

ESTATES

PARKS

CHURCHES

HOSPITALS

CEMETERIES

COLLEGES

SCHOOLS

ASYLUMS

FACTORIES

PUBLIC BLDGS.

Etc., Etc.

and Enhances Their
Value

ROSE BUSHES FOR SALE

3 year old plants of Francis Scott Key, Ophelia,
Premier and White Killamey. 75c each, 3 for §2.00,
$7.00 per doz. Parcel post 25c extra each 3 plants.

PEIRCE BROTHERS, WALTHAM, MASS.

The Glen Road Iris Gardens

Grace Sturtevant. Prop.

Wellesley Farms, Massachusetts

GROWERS AND ORIGINATORS OF FINE VARI-
ETIES OF BEARDED IRIS

CALIFORNIA DAHLIAS

The Latest and Best

Our New Introductions. Illustrated Catalogue

ADVANCE DAHLIA GARDENS

Box E, Compton, California

“Waiting In The Wilderness” ENOS A. MILLS’ Latest Nature Adventures Book

Get Shade

When You Need It

IT’S useless to say “I must wait a year before planting.” If you are
afraid it is too late to plant, Mr. Hicks will show you that it is not.
Come to the nursery and see big Oaks. Lindens. Hemlocks, Pines, Firs
(15 to 25 years old) labeled “Moved in June, 1920.” We have shrubs and
flowering trees with big balls of earth, and in tubs ; Climbing Roses and
hardy plants in pots. This nursery shows that the fun of gardening need
not stop when summer begins.

Send for “Home Landscapes”

A new catalogue, which is helpful in a new way. It tells how to
“plant where plants wall enjoy themselves.”

Is your home along the seashore? Is your soil acid or is it dry or sandy?
Home Landscapes makes valuable suggestions for all conditions of soil ; by
using this information your trees and shrubs are more certain to grow. It
also describes the new plants from China (introduced by Arnold Arboretum)
which you can have on your grounds this summer.

Home Landscapes has 16 pages in color, showing beautiful gardens.
A copy wall be sent on request.

Hicks Nurseries

Box M Westbury Long Island, New York

Bird Bath
in

Stony Gray
Terra Cotta

f1 AlfOWAY ,

vjPOTrEferl

ESTAB.
18 10

GIVES CHARM TO GARDENS
Send 10<t in stamps for Catalogue
of Bird Baths. Flower Vises. Boxes,
Sun Dials, Gazing Globes, Benches
and other interesting pieces in
durable Terra Cotta.

Gauoway Terra CoTta Cb.

3214 WALNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

221

Buy Direct of the Growers:

Walter Blom C5k Son

Overveen, Holland

Established 1870

Why are Blom’s Bulbs so much in demand?

Because only the best qualities and sorts are
selected, the packing is done correctly and neatly
and best possible value for money is given.

Apply for catalogue without delay and try

Blom’s Bulbs

They will give you the highest satisfaction.
Delivered free in New York

Address:

J. A. deVeer, Sole Agent, IS Park Row, NewYork

YOU can build that house of yours this spring.

Whether it is a mountain retreat, a home at the
shore, a playhouse for the children, or a garage, the
house that you are after is shown in the Hodgson Port-
able House Catalogue.

No contractor is necessary. We have taken care of
all of the construction for you. All that remains to be
done is the bolting of the sections together. You can
do that yourself. No skilled labor is necessary.

The Hodgson Portable House comes to you in ready
painted sections of Washington Red Cedar. The frame
is of finest quality Oregon Pine. The parts fit snugly
together without cracks, without warping. Simple,
easily followed instructions come with it.

Hodgson Portable Houses are storm, wind and
weather proof. When completed the house is a staunch,
comfortable dwelling. Fireplaces can be added and
many of the houses have regular cellars under them.

Your order should be in our hands as soon as possible.
Write for the Hodgson Portable Houses Catalogue to-
day. It is profusely illustrated with photographs of
the actual houses in use. You will find yours among
them.

E. F. HODGSON CO.

Room 228, 71-73 Federal St., Boston, Mass.
6 East 39th Street, New York City

HODGSON

Portable

HOUSES

A few things you
can do with the

1R0NASE

Complete

Gardener

“The Complete Gardener” —
that’s what many enthusiasts
call the Iron Age No. 306 Com-
bined Hill and Drill Seeder,
Double and Single Wheel Hoe.
It does away with all the drudgery
and backache — doubles the pleasure
and profit.

As a seeder, this tool opens the row,
drops the seed accurately either in
hills or in drills, covers the seed,
firms the soil and marks the next
row' — all at one time as you walk
along.

It is but the work of a minute to
slip off the seeder and attach the
plows, side hoes, or cultivating teeth.

Bateman & Companies, Inc.

347 Madison Ave., N. Y. City

Write us for booklet
" MODERN
GARDENING "

“The Complete Garde-
ner” (Iron Age No.
306), shown here, is
equipped with seeder
attachment, plows, cul-
tivator teeth, side hoes
and vine lifters. Rakes
supplied as an extra.

Ask your seed
and imple-
ment dealer
for demon-
stration.

222

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

Ik G<

TOWNSENDS’

TRIPLEX

Floats Over the Uneven
Ground as a Ship Rides
the Waves

The Greatest Grass-
cutter on Earth, cuts a
Swath 86 inches wide.

S. P. TOWNSEND & CO.

248 Glenwood Ave.,
Bloomfield, N. J.

•TOWNSEND'S TRIPLEX

Drawn by one horse and operated by one man, the
TRIPLEX MOWER will mow more lawn in a day
than the best motor mower ever made, cut it better
and at a fraction of the cost. Drawn by one horse
and operated by one man, it will mow more lawn in
a day than any three ordinary horsedrawn mowers

with three horses and three men. One mower may
be climbing a knoll, the second skimming a level and
the third paring a hollow. Does not smash the grass
to earth and plaster it in the mud in springtime nor
crush out its life between hot rollers and hard hot
ground in summer as does the motor mower.

The Public is Warned not lo purchase mowers infringing the Townsend Patent No. 1,209,519. Dec. 19, 1916.

Send for Catalogue illustrating all types of TOWNSEND MOWERS

ROSES

FAIRFAX ROSES are widely known for their
exquisite beauty, deep fragrance of delicate re-
finement— and long life.

Fairfax Rose plants are nurtured under natural condi-
tions— outdoors — wintered, and acclimated to all cli-
mates; tough canes and vigorous roots impart a hardi-
ness to Fairfax plants which assures thriving growth any-
where, and a full, free and beauteous bloom the first
season.

New Fairfax Rose Book Free

Send for new Rose-Book, containing beautiful illustra-
tions and descriptions of roses — ROYAL ROSES OF
PURITY AND BEAUTY — with valuable facts on grow-
ing roses.

W. R. GRAY

Box 6 Oakton, Fairfax County Virginia

— Rare Alpines^

Owners of Rock Gardens will, no
doubt, be delighted to hear that we
can offer them such rarities as the
following: Ramondia pyrenaica, Saxi-
fraga Splendens, Erodium trico mane-
folium, Hypericum reptans, Dianthus
caesius Arvernensis, Auricula alpina,
Primula Crispa, Campanula Wald-
steiniana, C. pusilla, C. carpathica
“Isabel,” Aethionema stylosum and
many others.

Our Catalogue offers more genuine
rarities in hardy plants than any other
catalogue published in this country.
Such is the assurance we constantly re-
ceive from enthusiastic new patrons.
May we count you among them? T he
catalogue is free.

Wolcott Nurseries

Jackson Michigan

For Unusual Hardy Plants, write to

Wolcott’s

ORCHIDS

Largest importers and growers of
Orchids in the United States

Send twenty-five cents for catalogue. This amount will be refunded
on your first order.

LAGER & HURRELL

Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT. N. J.

• turte vant’s

| Ready Reference Cards

The Usual .Garden Information PLUS!

The Shrubs. Flower* and their planting on the small
place; The Uarilen and its occupants; Vegetables and
their culture. Three sets with 25 5x3 cards to a set,
and every one of the 20 odd lines on each card worth
■vhile.

R. S. Sturtevant, Wellesley Farms, Mass.

Peonies, Iris and

Phlox

All the newest European and American introductions
Highest awards from American Peony and

American Iris Societies in 1920

We publish a book of convenient size and shape,
giving full and accurate descriptions. It gives
the latest symposium ratings of the American
Peony Society; detailed drawings, illustrating
various types of Peonies and Iris; concise cultur-
al directions; advice in selection of varieties;
and other valuable and interesting information.
The Peony Section was compiled by Mr. James
Boyd and the Iris Section by Mr. John C.
Wister. It will be forwarded to any address
in the United States or Canada upon receipt
of 30 cents, which amount may be deducted
from remittance for first order sent to us after
receipt of book.

Price list free on request

MOVILLA GARDENS

Haverford, Pa.

(Continued from page 216)

closely as young plants are easily set back by

insufficient sunlight or by an over-supply of
cold air, etc. The first six or seven weeks arc the
critical ones in the life of the young Tomato
plant and everything depends on a good start.

To make ready for the plants in the open 1 dig
furrows six or seven inches deep, fill these to
about four inches with well decayed stable
manure that has been under shelter, and not
leeched out by rains. On this I sprinkle a little
commercial fertilizer (containing 8-10% potash,
6-8% phosphoric acid, 4-8% nitrogen,) about 8-10
lbs. to each hundred feet and cover with two or
three inches of soil. This is done at least three

h

weeks before transplanting, so the fertilizer and
manure will mix well and heat up the soil.

After setting out doors, plants must be covered
every cool night. Glass jars or newspaper are
good for this purpose.

A top dressing with nitrate of soda hastens
growth and fruiting very much; don’t use too
much or put it too close to the plant; it is really
better to distribute several inches away, as the
feed-roots reach out for food. Liquid manure
also induces rapid growth and fruiting. This
should be applied late in the afternoon, poured in
holes made near the plants, about a quart to each
plant two or three times a week, or even more if
the soil is very dry. After the liquid manure has
soaked in, cover the hole over with dry soil.

Liquid manure can be prepared as follows:
Make a hole near the bottom of a barrel and a
peg to fit it; then place the barrel on a box or
something sufficiently high so that a pail can be
put under it to draw off; then fill the barrel half
full of well decayed stable manure (that has been
kept under shelter), preferably a mixture of horse
and cow manure, put in water and let stand
twenty-four hours.

Thomas J. Steed, Buena Vista, Ga.

DR. VAN FLEET'S NEW ROSESt:

ANNOUNCEMENT is made by the American
Rose Society that arrangements have
finally been completed for the distribution,
through authorized dealers, of a selection of some
of the more striking, new hybrid Roses that
have been produced by Dr. Van Fleet in the
Department of Agriculture breeding grounds at
Bell Station, Maryland. These Roses, it will be
recalled, formed the subject of an article in The
Garden Magazine for August, 1920.

These novelties strike a new field in Rose
plants, and are the first tangible results from work-
ing the newer Chinese introductions on those
already well known in our gardens.

The arrangement with the Department of
Agriculture calls for distribution through the
American Rose Society, and offers an opportun-
ity to members who are also Rose growers tO'
participate in such distribution provided they
issue a retail catalogue, and will agree to the
conditions of naming, pricing, etc., as arranged
with the Department. It is further required
that they agree to propagate from the material
assigned; to offer prominently in their catalogues-
the resulting plants in two-year form; and to pay
to the American Rose Society at the end of one
selling year, as royalty, 25% of the retail price
fixed upon.

'he Garden Magazine, May, 1921

A

223

When
Daffodils
Bloom

is the time you
should study and se-
lect varieties for your
next year’s garden — -
for every real gar-
dener plans a year ahead. And
when you study Daffodils,
Tulips, Hyacinths, Crocuses,
you should have a copy of

Farr’s Bulb Booklet

at hand. It will introduce to you the newer varieties,
and renew your acquaintance with the old familiar
sorts. Send to-day for a
copy, make your selec-
tion early, and send your
order before July I if
you want special prices.

Bertrand H. Farr

WyomissingNurseriesCo ,

104 Garfield Avenue,

Wyomissing, Penna.

WEED

WEEDS WON’T GROW

WHERE

IS USED

KILLER

Just sprinkle it about. So much easier
than hoeing — more effective, too. Kills
the weeds and grass and renders the soil
immune from them for months.

Keep your paths, driveways and tennis courts
neat by the use of SANITAS WEED KILLER.
$2.00 for the gallon can.

At your dealer' s. Or we'll send
it postpaid on receipt of price.

..1 Mlrfrrii

THE SANITAS COMPANY, Inc.

33 REAP STREET. BROOKLYN , N.Y.

HOME ATTRACTIONS

Suitable and Suggestive for Beautifying
Home Grounds with

Pergolas, Rose Arbors, Lattice Fences,
Garden Houses and Garden Accessories

Our illustrated catalogue contains just the
things required to lend cheer and pleasure to
the surroundings of home.

(When writing enclose
ioc and ask for catalogue

“H-33.”)

Hartmann-Sanders Co.

Factory, Showroom
and Main Office:

2155-87 Elston Ave.
Chicago, 111.
Eastern Office and
Showroom:

6 East 39th Street
New York City

A Grand New Bedding Plant

AGERATUM Fraserii

A splendid new bedding plant, un-
equaled for borders. The plants are
from 7 to 8 inches high, forming spread-
ing balls, covered with a mass of bright
blue flowers the entire season. The in-
dividual flowers are half an inch in di-
ameter borne in trusses three inches and
more in diameter. This is the best of
the ageratums, which have always been
excellent for bedding and for pot plants.

Price 25 cents each; $2.75 per dozen;
$20.00 per hundred

Send for catalogue of Bedding Plants, etc.

Richard Vincent, Jr. & Sons Co.

Established 1870

White Marsh Maryland

Moss Aztec Pottery

Offers a wide choice of objects, from simple fern
dishes and bud vases to impressive jardinieres
and plant stands. Its predominating charac-
teristic is refined elegance in designs and colors.
A post card request will bring you the “Moss
— Aztec” cata-
logue and
name of near-
est dealer.

ZANE
POTTERY
COMPANY
So. Zanesville, 0.

tf]T ‘‘Rudyard Kipling’s Verse, Inclusive Edi-
uJ tion 1885-1918” (by Rudyard Kipling). Brandsr
Matthews calls it “A gathering of the greatest poetry of our
generation." N el, $5. 00. Published by Doubleday, Page & Co.

“The Only Shade MadeWith a Ventilator”

VUDOR SHADES are attractive sun
filters — taking the glare and heat
away yet leaving the cool sun-flecked
shadow as inviting as that in a vine-
covered arbor.

Secluded from view from without yet with per-
fect vision of passers-by, Vudor Shaded porches
make delightful spots to entertain or lounge in.

Unlike canvas drops, which admit heat and are
quickly soiled, Vudor Shades are made of wood
slats beautifully stained and always look well.
The Vudor Patented Ventilator woven in the
top of each shade makes any porch breezy, cool
and comfortable.

Send for illustrations in colors
and name of your local dealer.

HOUGH SHADE CORPORATION

270 Mills Street Janesville, Wis.

SELF-HANGING

Vudor

VENTILATING PORCH SHADES

Easily Operated by Man, Woman or Boy

Besides giving faster, cheaper, better power for small tillage
tasks — plowing, cultivating, mowing, hauling, etc. — Beeman
makes it possible for almost any member of the family to
do the gardening. Belt is easily attached for running labor-
s,aving stationary machinery requiring as much as 4 H. P.

The Firct Successful Small Tractor
A success for four years in the hands
of farmers, florists, orchardists, gar-
deners, nurserymen, owners of big
estates and suburban tracts. See
your Beeman dealer or write for
handsome folder.

BEEMAN TRACTOR CO.

306 Sixth Avenue, South Minneapolis, Minn.

Multi-Service Tractor «

224

Sk HOME LANDSCAPE
&, GARDENING

io BOOKS tell and show you
1 how to plan, plant and care
for home grounds. Written by
well known Landscape Archi-
r tects. Interesting, instructive.
V aluable for large estates or
modest homes. 140 illustrations.
ORDER TO-DAY. SEND NO
MONEY. Read 5 DAYS FREE,
^ then remit $7.50 (the price in
full) or return books.

"XX, Garden Press, Dept. B,

"Davenport,

Iowa.

HUMUS

For the price is the best
and cheapest

FERTILITY MAKER

for lawn, flower, vegetable, shrub and tree.
$5.00 for 5, 100 lb. bags, f.o.b. Stanhope, N. J.

H. B. PRINDLE, 101 Park Ave., New York

Become a LANDSCAPE

tor this" uncrowdtd ARCHITECT

profession — ^

Inexpensive. Easy to master. Large income. Diploma awarded
Special proposition to HOME OWNERS and Plan for beauti-
fying your property. Write to-day. L. W. Fisk, President.

AMERICAN LANDSCAPE SCHOOL, 25-M, Newark, New York

Don’t Wear
a Truss

Brooks’ Appliance, the

modern scientific invention, the
wonderful new discovery that
relieves rupture, will be sent
on trial. No obnoxious springs
or pads.

Brooks’ Rupture Appliance

Has automatic Air Cushions. Binds and
draws the broken parts together as you would
a broken limb. No salves. No lies. Durable,
cheap. Sent on trial to prove it. Protected by
U. S. patents. Catalog and measure blanks
mailed free. Send nams and address today.
Brook* Appliance Co.,275H State St, Manball. Mick.

The Garden Magazine, May, 1921

^brandJ)

CONCENTRATED

AU5NURES

— Unequaled natural fertilizer for lawn, flower
and vegetable gardens, fruit and field crops.

A NATURAL FERTILIZER

completely sterilized by a special high temperature direct heat process— weed seed,
fungus or disease germs effectually destroyed — then screened and pulverized into the
richest kind of natural fertilizer — packed in ioo lb. bags for convenient handling and
shipment. Insist on Wizard Brand at your seed store or write for booklet and prices.

Give your gardens a chance to do their best! Prompt shipments
— at moderate cost. Write to-day. TRY IT THIS SPRING!

The Pulverized Manure Co., 20 Union Stockyards, Chicago, 111.

Parcel Post weight 10 lbs.

Crescent Sparrow Trap $5.00. and
Post charges, size 18" x 18".
Weight 9 lbs.

CRESCENT CO., "Birdville"
Toms River P. O- N. J.

By erecting Houses for useful Birds, and getting rid of
j&su. > Sparrow Pest,

you will have
good Garden
Allies.

3 Bird
Houses for

$5.00.

Dog Kennel

No. 4 Poultry House for 200 hens — 5 units

No. 3 Poultry House for 30 hens

Your hens will lay freely if given good living quar-
ters. Hodgson Poultry Houses have been used by experi-
enced chicken fanciers for twenty-eight years. They
combine every detail of comfort and convenience — are

stoutly built, properly ventilated and easy to clean.
Shipped in sections and can be erected in less than an
hour. Write for catalogue of Hodgson Poultry Houses, all
sizes for all requirements.

HODGSON

Portable

HOUSES

E. F. Hodgson Co., Room 311, 71-73 Federal St.
Boston, Mass. 6 East 39th St., New York City.

THE LIGHT BRAHMA

FOR THE COUNTRY ESTATE

Is the Largest and Most Beautiful of All Breeds, Unsurpassed as an Ornamen-
tal Feature and Unexcelled as a Combination Egg Laying and a Table Fowl

The high quality of my birds was again demonstrated at Madison Square Garden, January,
1921, by winning 1st Cock, 2nd and 4th Hen. 4th Cockerel, 2nd Pullet, 1st and 4th Old
Pen and 2nd Young Pen. At Philadelphia, The American Light Brahma Club National
Meeting, I won 2nd on Cock, 1st and 4th Hen, 5th Cockerel, 1st Pullet, 1st, 4th and 5th
on Pen, and 3 Specials, and Cups. At Syracuse, N. Y., the Premier of all state shows and
in strong competition they were awarded First, Second, and Third Cock; First and Second
Hen; First, Second, and Third Cockerel; First and Second Pullet; First and Second Old
Pen; First and Second Young Pen; Special for Best Display, and other specials. At Tren-
ton, N. J., Hanover, Pa., and Mineola, L. I., I won more points than any other exhibitor.
Send for folder telling about them. Stock for sale and eggs in season.

C. W. EVERITT HUNTINGTON, LONG ISLAND

Reference: Nassau County Trust Co., Mineola, L. I. Buff Cochin Bantams — At Madison Square Garden,
1921, I won 2nd, and 5th Cock, 1st and 2nd Hen, 2nd and 4th Cockerel, 2nd and 3rd Pullet.

Verona Bird Houses BrBi?dshe

No country' place is complete without bird houses. The
one here shown, for Bluebirds or Wrens, has four
rooms. Socket in bottom for pole makes it easy to
erect. If suspended for Wrens the socket is covered
by a rosette. Sure to please both birds and purchaser.

No. 36. Trice $G.OO

Give the birds a few
log houses just such
as they find in the
natural forest, $1.20
each, three for $3.20.
Mailing weight
three pounds each.

No. 35

No. 47

No. 48

A Charming Birdbath of stoneCiaI

Fifteen inches square
three inches thick, hol-
lowed out round, two
and one half inches
deep in center sloping
to three-eights at edge.
Inexpensive, Practical,
Artistic.

Price, $2.50. Three for $6.75.

Prices f.o.b. Verona. List on request.

W. H. BAYLES 22 Park Ave., Verona, New Jersey

In Old Garden City

A number of small but well lo-
cated plots for quick sale at low
prices.

Splendid opportunity to get a
home plot in Old Garden City.
Special terms to builders.

The Country Life Homes Co.

Garden City, N. Y.

Telephone — Garden City 800

FUN AND HEALTH

SUNDIALS

Real Bronze Colonial Designs
From $3.50 Up
Memorial Tablets

Also other garden requisites
Manufactured by

The M. D. JONES CO.
Concord Jet., Mass.

Send for illustrated Catalogue

AWAY WITH THE CESSPOOL

“ Charlie has gained strength
and self-reliance and is a happy,
busy boy since the pony came"

A boy or girl can get more fun,
physical development and ruddy
health out of a pony than from any
other source, and more real happi-
ness than he or she is apt to
get out of a fortune in later life.
Complete Outfits. Your satisfaction
is guaranteed. Particulars on request.

BELLE MEADE FARM
Dept. 8 Belle Meade, Va.

Secure all the sanitary comforts of a
city building.

The Aten Sewage Disposal Sys-
tem allows continuous use of wash-
stands, bathtubs, toilets, sinks,
showers, etc. Simple to install,
nothing to get out of order.

Our booklet
No. 11 tells
how and
why. Sent
free upon
request.

Aten

Sewage Disposal Co.
286 Fifth Ave., New York City

Summer Course In Horticulture

The School of Horticulture for Women, Ambler, Pa.
(18 miles from Philadelphia) offers an August Course in
Floriculture, V egetable Gardening, Fruit Growing and Canning
and Preserving. Practical work out of doors forms a large part
of the schedule. Teachers will be especially interested in this
course. Circular upon application.

ELIZABETH LEIGHTON LEE, Director .

Home Office and Factory — Elizabeth, N. J.

New York— 101 Park Ave. Boston— 294 Washington St.

Dodson Wren House. Built
of solid oak, cypress, shingles and
copper coping. 4 compartments,
28 in. high, 18 in. in diameter.

Trice $6.00.

Dodson Sexangi
Flicker House 16%
long, 12 in. wide, n
deep. Trice $0.00.

4 compartments
21 in. high, 18 in.
in diameter.

Trice $0.00.

Dodson Purple Martin House
(cottage style) 28 compartments
32x27 in. Trice $10.00. Other
styles up to $78.00.

Dodson Bluebird
House. Built of
solid oak, cypress, shin-
gles and copper coping.

A Greenhouse Hint Worth Heeding

There are a lot of flower joy lovers, just like your good self, who have long
since decided that they would own their own greenhouse, but are kind of
hesitating, to see if building costs won’t go down a bit.

Of course, nobody really knows. However, it doesn’t look very encouraging.

So, why not scheme a bit, so you can have your greenhouse, but make it
cost you less, because of its link-up. For example: attach it to your garage.

It will save you money. Just how, is best told in our Greenhouse Garage
Book. It contains a dozen or so plans and suggestions. Will gladly send
the book with our compliments.

HitcKing's^Companv*

I ,

Beautify Your Grounds With

Dodson Bird Houses

)

\ls k

£

K ^

F f 1 HE Y never fail to attract the song birds
/ (insectivorous birds) ; who destroy noxious
J. insects. The beauty and song of the
birds will bring you joy and happiness. The
valuable purple martin will catch and consume
on an average of 2,000 mosquitos a day besides
other annoying insects, such as gnats, flies, etc.

The other song birds besides singing for you
will protect your trees, shrubs and gardens
from injurious insects.

f' \ 7 7V 7" Free Bird Book “Your Bird Friends and How to Win Them,” sent on request illustrating

KJTCier IVOW Dodson line and giving prices; free also a beautiful colored bird picture worthy of framing Dodson

Cement

Mr. Dodson has spent thirty years of loving
study of the song birds, their habits, and how
to attract them to beautiful “Bird Lodge,” his
home on the Kankakee River. Dodson Bird
Houses are a permanent investment, they will
last a life time ; built of thoroughly seasoned Oak,
Cypress, Selected White Pine and Red Cedar;
coated nails and the best lead and oil are used for
their protection against the elements. Built under
Mr. Dodson’s personal supervision.

JOSEPH H. DODSON,

President American
Audubon Association

709 Harrison Ave., Kankakee,

Dodson Sparrow Trap, guaranteed to rid your community of these quarrelsome pests, price $8.00

■V-

T~-J

Permanent Planting of Darwin, Breeder and May Flowering Tulips in Front of Shrubbery. Such Plantings will Last for Years

Write To-day for Your Catalogue of Dutch Bulbs

Mail the coupon below or send a postal. Look over the catalogue — page after page of imported bulbs — the very flowers
you want. Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi, Crocus, give, for a small outlay of time and money, an abundance of flowers in
the house from December until Easter, and in the garden from earliest spring until the middle of May.

Read What These People Say:

Admiration of the town! "I want to tell you how
magnificent my daffodils are. They are the admiration
of the town, and have given us untold pleasure. Num-
bers of my friends have asked me to order for them.
Each daffodil is the size of a teacup. Many bulbs
have four flowers, and not one has failed to produce
two.” — G. D. S.. Uniontown. Ala.

Beyond expectations! “I must tell you what excel-
lent results I have had with the bulbs I ordered from
you. By Easter all the hyacinths and tulips showed
large, healthy buds, which have matured far beyond all
expectation. The quality of bulbs offered by you. even
in cheaper mixtures, far surpasses that often sold at
much higher prices.” — R. C. A.. Kansas City. Mo.
Nothing short of wonderful! “I have in my
front window, as the admiration of all the passersby, the
. finest group of tulips ever seen in this city. With their
gorgeous co»ors, odd shapes, and exquisite shades
°f color, they are nothing short of wonderful.”
— J. A. S.. Portland, Me.

■£/> More than delighted! “The bulbs

, 4* \

1 ordered from you are now in bloom

N

in all their glory. They are the
wonder of all who see them.

\ *''> <; ■%> '

1 am more than delighted
with them, and shall

send another order.”

Q X

'.v e,

M. J. B..
Clinton, 111.

% ?/■ \ \.

v

ORDER YOUR SUPPLY AT ONCE

Advices from big growers in Holland indicate great scarcity of bulbs
this coming season and enough cannot be grown to meet the demand. To
insure getting your supply send us your order at once. Until July 1st
not later our present low prices for the choicest varieties of bulbs grown by
specialists in Holland will hold good.

By ordering from us now instead of waiting until fall, you make a large
saving, get a superior quality of bulbs not usually to be obtained at any
price in this country, and have a much larger list of varieties to select from.

Our orders are selected and packed in Holland, and are shipped to our
customers immediately upon their arrival in the best possible condition.

There Are No Bulbs Like Those From Holland

For hundreds of years Holland has been growing the finest bulbs in the
world — the loveliest colors and the widest variety.

No one has been able to equal them. There are thousands of growers
of bulbs in Holland, but the best flowers come from bulbs grown by
specialists, who have spent all their time perfecting certain varieties.
Because of our long experience and our many visits there we are able to
obtain for our customers from the specialists the finest quality of the
finest varieties — even now when the output of bulbs has been greatly
reduced.

ORDER NOW— PAY WHEN DELIVERED

To take advantage of the very low prices offered in this catalogue we
must have your order not later than July 1st, but it is much safer to order
before June 1st as we import bulbs to order only. They need not be paid
pr until after delivery, nor taken if not of a satisfactory quality.

Fill out the coupon or send a postal for catalogue to-day.

ELLIOTT

367 MAGEE BLDG.

NURSERY

PITTSBURGH, PA.

SPECIAL PRICES

If Ordered Before July 1st

Exhibition Hyacinths Dozen Hundred

La Grandesse

Pure White !

$2.00 $15.00

Grande Blanche

Blush White

2.00

15.00

La Victoire

Brilliant Red

2.00

15.00

Rosea Maxima

Delicate Blush

2.00

15.00

Enchantress

Light Blue

2.00

15.00

Daylight

Best Yellow

2.25

15.50

Second sized Hyacinths in any

varieties

1.50

10.50

Bedding Hyacinths in all best

varieties

1.20

8.00

Miniature Hyacinths in separate

colors

.65

4.25

Tulips

Chrysolora

Yellow

.65

4.50

Belle Alliance

Scarlet

.65

4.50

La Reine

Rosy White

.60

3.75

Keiserkroon

Red & Yellow

.60

4.00

Rose Grisdelin

Beautiful Pink

.60

4.00

Special Mixture Darwin Tulips

.60

3.75

Narcissi or Daffodils

Paper White

For early bloom-

ing . . .

.60

3.50

Golden Spur

Rich Yellow

.70

5.00

Emperor

Monster Bulbs

1.00

7.50

Empress

White & Yellow

.75

5.25

Von Sion

Double Yellow

.75

5.00

Poeticus Ornatus White

.50

3.00

Sulphur Phoenix Yellow & White

.75

5.00

THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, N. Y.

ohn C. Wister
L. B. Wilder

IRISES

Sidney B. Mitchell
A. C. Arny

'Stj .j

GARDEN

XXXIII. NO. -1.

Ooubleday, T* age £P Company ,

Qarden City) 3\£eln> Yor ^

i

NOW is THE Ti me
to Choose Your IRIS

Have you room for but one class of hardy plants? Then
choose the Iris! As brilliant as Orchids, as hardy as Oaks,
as thrifty as Weeds, as enduring as the eternal Rocks—
such is the Iris, the flower of over a hundred forms and
innumerable varieties. We grow comparatively few,
preferring the best. Here are a few bound to please: —

Bearded Iris of Merit

Florentina — Early, fragrant, gray
white — 25c. each.

Ingeborg — Immense white, mid-
season— 35c. each.

Isolene — Soft yellow pink with
deep, old-rose falls — $1.00 each.

Jacquiniana — Copper and wine
shades, with dark, velvety purple
falls — 35c. each.

Madame Chereau — W hite, frilled
with blue — 25c. each.

Dozen lots of each at

Othello — Rich blue and dark violet
— 25c. each.

Queen Alexandra — Mauve and
yellow shades — 35c. each.

Queen of May — Fragrant, soft hlac
rose — 25c. each.

Tamerlane — Light Dlue, deep
purple falls — 50c. each.

Walhalla — Lavender and purple —
35c. each.

ten times the single rate.

Just to Get You Interested —

We will supply 2 strong roots of each of above ten superb kinds, a total of
twenty lovely Iris, for $5.00 postpaid. (A $7.50 value); 4 of each, a total of
forty strong roots, for $10.00 prepaid. Late June and early July is the best
time to transplant Iris. Since this Special Offer is made to GARDEN
MAGAZINE Readers Only, please mention this advertisement when ordering.

CHAS. H. TOTTY CO. nJvm“u Madison, New Jersey

!

he Garden Magazine, June, 1921

225

CHERRY HILL

PEONIES

o

UR FAMOUS COLLECTION
of RARE and BEAUTIFUL
PEONIES, both of AMER-
ICAN and EUROPEAN ORI-
GIN, will be in all their
WONDROUS BEAUTY dur-
ing mid-June.

Visit us and you will be con-
vinced that their QUALITY
and MAGNIFICENCE are
BEYOND WORD DESCRIP-
TION.

Peony

Catalogue free on request

T. C. Thurlow’s Sons, Specialists
Cherry Hill Nurseries

West Newbury Mass.

226

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

NOW

ForDired
Import

The

New Lily
Flowered Tulip
A Distinct Novelty!

-SIREN”

Order

Holland

Bulbs

The result of crossing Tulipa Retroflexa with a pink Darwin, giving
a sturdy growing form with large lily-shaped flowers and the Dar-
win size and height,

Show Your Neighbors Something New
and Distinct in Tulips

Siren — Pink with white base each 50c., doz. $5.00

Adonis — Rosy red each 75c., doz. 7.50

Artemis — Rose with white base each 75c., doz. 7.50

Marvel — Sweet scented, gold inside, outside salmon each 60c., doz. 6.00

Special Offer — 1 each of above four varieties $2.25

Your bulb order packed complete in Holland to insure absolute trueness to name at lowest cost.

Darwin Tulips

Clara Butt — Salmon pink
Edmee — Salmon with blue base
Pride of Haarlem — Rosy Scarlet
Flamingo — Fresh color, white center

Special Offer — 12 each of above four varieties $2.75

dozen 70c.
dozen 85c.
dozen 80c.
dozen 80c.

Your bulb order pack'd complete in Holland to insure absolute trueness to name at louesi cost.

Daffodils

Empress — Old fashioned yellow and white Dbl. Nosed bulbs — dozen 85c.

Golden Spur — Rich golden yellow. Dbl. Nosed bulbs — dozen 85c.

Olympia — Beautiful yellow, very large. First size bulbs — dozen $2.00

Sir Watkin — Saucer sulphur yellow, trumpet deep yellow.

First size bulbs — dozen 85c.
Special Offer — 12 each of above four varieties $4.00

Your bulb order packed complete in Holland to insure absolute trueness to name at lowest cost.

Combination Offer — of above three Special offers $8.00

“My Garden Favorites”

Summer Edition

A complete listing of Holland Bulbs, for direct import, Summer Vegetable and
Flower Seeds, Lilies and Plants.

Write Jot your free copy to-day

XSt* MAURICE FULD Inc.

Different’ Plantsmen, Seedsmen

7 West 45th Street New York City

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

CONTENTS

COVER DESIGN: IRIS Fred.G. Mories

PACE

IRIS IN ITS NATURAE SETTING 231

Photograph supplied by R. S. Sturtevant

ILEX OPACA - 232

Photograph, courtesy of Clarence Fowler

DOROTHY PERKINS ROSE 233

WHAT AMERICA HAS DONE FOR THE IRIS - John C. IVister 234
Photographs supplied by the author, N. R. Graves Co., Mattie
E. Hewitt, Bachrach Studios and others
THE GARDEN INDOORS AND OUT, II— THE GARDEN AND

THE LIVING ROOM - -- -- -- -- Agnes Bauman 240
Illustrations supplied by the author, Jessie Tarbox Beals, Car-
vahlo Bros., G. W. Harting, Danersk Furniture Co., and
Charles R. Yandell

PLANTS FOR THE PORCH Henry Gibson 244

Photograph by N. R. Graves Co.

PATCHWORK. Poem - -- -- -- - Louise Ayres Garnett 245

WHAT JULY PROMISES THE READER - - 245

WHY "NIP” MUSKMELON VINES? J. W. Lloyd 246

HOWTO KNOW YOUR IRISES A.C.Arny 247

Photograph, courtesy of Holm & Olson, Inc.

HARMONY OF FLOWER AND VASE - - - 249

Photographs by Mattie E. Hewitt, Jessie Tarbox Beals, Fulper
Co., J. E. Caldwell & Co., and Copenhagen Royal Porcelain and
Danish Arts

A GARDEN FOR THE DISPLAY OF IRISES Louise Beebe M ilder 253
Plan by the author

THE OLD GARDENS OF PENNSYLVANIA. VIII— AWBURY
ARBORETUM ------- - John IV. Harsbberger 255

Photographs by Roger B Whitman

IRISES IN THE CALIFORNIA GARDEN - - Sydney B. Mitchell 257
Photographs supplied by the Moneta Iris Gardens, B. Y. Mor-
rison and A. A. Ruark

PLAYTHINGS FOR THE ADVENTUROUS IGNORANT

... Alice Rathbone 259

Photographs by the author, O. F. Browning and E. J. Wallis

BEANS THAT DON’T BLIGHT Adolpb Krubm 262

Photograph supplied by the author

AMONG OUR GARDEN NEIGHBORS 263

Photographs supplied by Olmstead Bros., Prentice Sanger, and
others

BOSTON’S FLOWER FETE 268

Photographs by George Oakes Stoddard

THE MONTH’S REMINDER 269

THE DOUBLY SERVICEABLE DASHEEN - - - H. S. Tillotson 272

GROW A COMMUNITY FLOWER Jane Leslie Kijt 280

THE BEST WAY TO FEED PLANTS 5. L. Bastin 282

CHILDREN’S GARDENS Dead S. George 284

PORCH FURNISHINGS - Dorothea D. DunUa 286

TWO VALUABLE SHRUBS FOR CALIFORNIA GARDENS

Leila B. Stapleton 288

Leonard Barron, Editor

VOLUME XXXIII, No. 4

Subscription $3.00 a Year: for Canada, $3.35; Foreign $3.65
COPYRIGHT, 1921, BY

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

GARDEN CITY, N. Y.

Chicago: Peoples Gas Bldg. Boston: Tremont Bldg.

Los Angeles: Van Nuys Bldg New York: 120 W. 32nd St.

F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President

ARTHUR W. PAGE. S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer

HERBERT S. HOUSTON, RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY,

V tce-P residents Secretary

Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York,
under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879

he Garden Magazine, June, 1921

227

Gladiolus

June and early July is the best time to plant
the better varieties of Gladiolus in your garden for
Autumn blooming.

SIX FINE VARIETIES

Baron Hlllot Rich* royal violet-blue One of the finest of its color. Flowers

; * are medium in size, well placed, and borne on strong spikes.

A variety used for contrasting with the pale and deep yellow sorts.

15 cts. each, $1.50 per doz., $12 per 100.

Hallev A variety that is largely grown on account of its earliness. The flowers

i r_ are large in size, of beautiful salmon-pink, with creamy white blotch in

throat. One of the earliest-blooming varieties in our list.

10 cts. each, 80 cts. per doz., $6 per 100.

lYfrc PVannic Ivina Brilliant flamingo-pink, blazed with vermilion red.
1 1 1 ^ * 1 1 Popular variety on account of its attractive color.

Splendid for mass effects.

Flowers are large in size, well placed on strong, tall spikes.

10 cts. each, 80 cts. per doz., $6 per 100.

Peace.

Few varieties have become as popular as Peace. The general effect of the
flower is white, with a pale lilac feathering on the interior petals. They

are large in size, well placed, and are borne on tall, strong spikes.

15 cts. each, $1.50 per doz., $12 per 100.

SrliWflhpn Pure canar/_yeMow, with a carmine blotch deep in the throat

jlinvdiJt which aids in detracting from its uniformity in color. Flowers are

w ide open, large in size and well placed on strong spikes of medium height

15 cts. each, $1.50 per doz., $12 per 100.

w (Originator’s stock.) The finest of its color yet introduced. Flowers often

^ cir* measure 7 inches across, of a deep ox-blood-red, shaded crimson-black A
wonderful variety that can now be had at a reasonable price.

25 cts. each, $2.50 per doz., $20 per 100.

30-32 Barclay Street

New York City

Let’s Chum With

The Peonies NOW!

Right now, while they are in their glory in garden and field,
while neighbors and clubs talk about them and the Peony
rules supreme, right now is the time to make up your mind
which ones you would like to see
bloom in your own garden next
June.

The Spirit of Work
Well Done

Nearly a quarter century ago, the
founder of this establishment became
interested in Peonies. The late Mr.
John Good grew Peonies with the love
and enthusiasm of the true hobbyist.
From a score of sorts, his collection
grew into hundreds. In leaving to
us one of the greatest collections in
the world, he also left to us the obliga-
tion to carry on the great work, to
spread the gospel of the Peony.

The Late John M. Good,
With Bis Pets

Please Write for Special Peony Booklet —
Special Questions Welcomed

“Peonies for Pleasure” desires the privilege to acquaint you with
the true aristocracy among Peonies. It’s much more than a mere
piece of advertising literature. It’s the sum and substance of
twenty years’ experience with and among Peonies. You cannot
go wrong if you choose it as a guide in your studies.

As to questions — the book that answers all has as yet not been
printed. Please give us the opportunity to supplement by letter
what “Peonies for Pleasure” leaves unanswered.

The Good & Reese Co. LareZ\hTwo,r,7er‘

Springfield Dept. A Ohio

tew of Good &• Reese Peony Farms

Rurpee’s

u SEEDS

The majority of vegetables for late fall use and winter storing must be
sown during June or July. Vegetables of the right size not only keep
better when stored for winter but, above all, they retain their natural
crispness, tenderness and fine flavor way into the spring. Stored
vegetables mean a great saving because it is in winter that vegetables
cost the most. It is easy to store vegetables for winter use. The
Burpee leaflet “Winter Vegetables, How to Grow and Store Them”
will be mailed gladly to anyone interested.

Sow in June for Fall Use and Winter Storing

Beet, Burpee’s Columbia — Very fine for
winter. Blood-red and sweet. Pkt. 10c.;
oz. 15c.; j lb. 30c.

Carrot, Danvers Half-Long — Exceptionally
fine for winter use. Pkt. 10c.; oz. 18c.;

i lb. 35c.

Sweet Com, Burpee’s Golden Bantam —
Plant it early and plant it late; quick
growing. The sweetest of all. Pkt. 15c.;

i lb. 35c.; lb. 55c.

Cucumber, Burpee’s Fordhook Pickling —
Strong and vigorous grower. Pure white
flesh. Pkt. 10c.; oz. 20c.; j lb. 55c.
Endive, White Curled — Finely curled leaves
easily blanched, crisp, and juicy. Pkt.
10c.; oz. 20c.; j lb. 50c.

Kale, Dwarf Green Curled — Easy to grow;
popular boiling green. Pkt. 5c. ;oz. 20c.
Kohl-Rabi Early Purple Vienna — Of delici-
ous cabbage flavor; easy to grow. Pkt.
10c.; oz. 20c.; I lb. 60c.

Summer Radish, Chartiers — Crimson roots
tipped with white. Pkt. 10c.; oz. 20c.;
i lb. 45c.

Winter Radish, White Chinese — 12 inches
long and keeps all winter. Pkt. 5c.; oz.
15c.; 1 lb. 40c.

Turnip, Large White Globe — Large, ball-
shape; pure white, sweet flesh. Pkt. 10c.;
oz. 15c.; j lb. 30c.

Ruta Baga, Burpee’s Purple Top Yellow —

Large, smooth, globe-shape. Pkt. 5c.; oz.
10c.; i lb. 20c.

W. ATLEE BURPEE CO. Seed Growers Philadelphia.

228

The Garden Magazine, June, 192.

A Light, Dependable, Economical
Power Lawn-Mower

Simplicity in construction and ease of handling are
two of its dominant features. Reasonable in price,
economical in fuel consumption ; cuts as close to trees,
flower beds, etc., as a hand mower; can operate on
any terrace or hillside where a man can walk. Write
for catalogue and name of nearest dealer.

The

Moto-Mower

Company

2035

Woodward

Avenue,

Detroit,

Mich.

Summer Droughts

Hold No Terrors

Plant Life needs water most. More than 90% of all
vegetable substance is water. Without this life-
giving element, most flowers are but stunted imita-
tions of the real thing. No matter where you live
or what your climate — your garden will thrive
luxuriously if you have handy

The Campbell Waterfan —

Rain When and Where You Want It!

Simply attach your garden hose to any faucet with
ordinary city pressure. Attach the other end to
the Waterfan. Turn on faucet and watch an area
up to 14x60 feet receive the gentlest, soaking rain —
the kind that does most good. Automatically os-
cillates, as it waters.

No tools needed to make connection; easily moved
about; directions of sprinkling, angle of sprinkling §
and evenness of water distribution under absolute |
control. Though the Waterfan weighs but 5 |

pounds, it is built so substantially that it will last
for years. Nothing to get out of order. Always
| ready for thorough work.

WATERFAN— Model No. 5

Length, 21 inches. Weight, 5 pounds. Waters
a rectangular area up to 12x60 feet.

Price, $15.00.

WATERFAN GIANT— Model No. 10

Length, 5 feet. Weight, 10 pounds. Waters a
rectangular area up to 20x60 feet.

Price, $25.00.

All prices f. o. b. factory. Order direct or from
distributor at address given below.

Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. Please
write for descriptive circular and name the dealer
nearest you.

CAMPBELL IRRIGATION COMPANY

Woodbury New Jersey

GEORGE ALEXANDER, 90 West Broadway

Distributor Jot New York City and suburbs, including Long Island

The Loudon Adjustable Flower Stand

The above picture shows a Boston fern swung at an angle of 45°. The Loudon stand enables
the growing plant to be adjusted to the best possible position to obtain sunlight — while a plant can
be put in any desired position for decorative purposes.

Especially designed for growing specimen foliage plants in residences, and sun parlor. The
Loudon stand makes an ideal holder for ferns and other growing plants on your porch.

Send for booklet showing the many uses of the Loudon Stand
as Well as giving complete information in regard to prices.

MARIETTA HOLLOW-WARE & ENAMELING CO.

Marietta, Pennsylvania

229

he Garden Magazine, June, 1921

Irises for

California Gardens

After a trial of nearly all of the older varieties as well as many
of the newer introductions, we are prepared to recommend those
best adapted to our climate, such as the Asia Minor varieties and
their hybrids and the mid-winter blooming varieties.

For larger plantings for color effect, there is nothing
finer than the tall Pallidas, such as Albert Victor,
Tineae, etc. They produce a beautiful sea of color,
scintillating in the light like a calm body of water
— a restful, peaceful scene. Others are more
suitable for smaller plantings.

Iris unguicularis (stylosa) is a joy for several
months, blooming most profusely in Dec. -Jan. We
have many testimonials in regard to this Iris. “I
was the envy of my neighbors all winter with my
stylosa.” “If I could have but one Iris I think it
would be stylosa, because it blooms when flowers
are not so plentiful.” Etc., etc. They combine
so nicely with other flowers for table decorations.

Our native California Irises are most desirable for
naturalizing, just as desirable in every way as a
spring bloomer as stylosa is for winter, which they
resemble in size and form of flower and also foliage. They however
cover a much wider range of color, running through white, cream,
yellow, pink, rose, mauve, purple and violet.

To those residing in the semi-arid regions on the desert, who crave
flowers, and find but few adapted to their conditions, we would say,
do not be afraid to plant liberally of the Irises — they will be a
pleasant surprise to you if you have not tried them.

Our new price list will be issued shortly. Please write for it NOW.

THE DEAN IRIS GARDENS, Moneta, Calif.

iMBIMIlirillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllM 1111

Tulip Promenade

Doesn’t that name suggest a keynote for your
garden of 1922? Flowers never seem more at home
than when planted in this informal manner. All the Tu-
lips in this display are described in “The Blue Book of
Bulbs.” There too, you will find Daffodils and Hyacinths
in abundance. Send 2 5 cents for acopy (deduct it from your
first order amounting to $2.50) and learn why the term
. “Cream-Quality” was coined to describe our bulbs. ,

fiSu Chester Jay Hunt, Inc., Dept. A.

1V| Little Falls New Jersey

Bobbink & Atkins

Visit

Nursery

Vferld's

Choicest,
[Nursery & Greejj
[Products

jn Ajuerio

Ask for
Catalogue

Japanese, German, and Dwarf
Iris, also Peonies

The well-known quality of our Nursery products remains
standard. Experience teaches us better methods of service.

Ask for our Special Lists of Iris,

Peonies, and Bulbs for Fall planting.

Nurserymen and Florists

Rutherford New Jersey

230

The Garden Magazine, June, 192

A NY house, every house is more livable for flowers. You want them in your own
house, and you look longingly in the florists’ windows in the winter time,
wondering whether you can afford those yellow narcissi, which would brighten
the dark library or the pink and blue hyacinths for the dining room. But you often feel
that you cannot pay several dollars a dozen for flowers that will last only a few days.

Grow Your Own Flowers Easily and Inexpensively

You can afford flowers in your house from Christmas until Easter if yqu buy your
bulbs from us and grow them yourself. The best bulbs of Paper-White Narcissi,
among the loveliest flowers for the house, sell for only $3.50 per hundred, and one
bulb often produces two flowers. Last winter these flowers sold for $2.00 a dozen
in the florists’ shops. You can grow flowers for a few cents each for which you
would otherwise pay 15 to 20 cents, and your own flowers last from 10 to 12 days.

There Are No Bulbs Like Those From Holland

For hundreds of years Holland has been

growing the finest bulbs in the world —

SPECIAL PRICES

If Ordered Before July 1st

Exhibition Hyacinths Dozen Hundred

La Grandesse Pure White $2.00 $1 5.00

Grande Blanche Blush White 2.00 15.00

La Victoire Brilliant Red 2.00 15.00

Rosea Maxima Delicate Blush 2.00 15.00

Enchantress Light Blue 2.00 15.00

Daylight Best Yellow 2.25 15.50

Second Sized Hyacinths in any

varieties 1.50 10.50

Bedding Hyacinths in all best

varieties 1.20 8.00

Miniature Hyacinths in separate
colors 65

4.25

Tulips

Chrysolora Yellow .65 4.50

Belle Alliance Scarlet .65 4.50

La Reine Rosy White .60 3.75

Keiserkroon Red and Yellow .60 4.00

Rosa Grisdelin Beautiful Pink .60 4.00

Special Mixture Darwin Tulips .60 3.75

Narcissi or Daffodils

Paper White For early blooming .60 3.50

Golden Spur Rich Yellow .70 5.00

Emperor Monster Bulbs 1 .00 7.50

Empress White and Yellow .75 5.25

Von Sion Double Yellow .75 5.00

Poeticus Ornatus White .50 3.00

Sulphur Phoenix Yellow and White .75 5.00

the loveliest colors and the widest variety. No one has been able to equal them.
There are thousands of growers of bulbs in Holland, but the best flowers come from
bulbs grown by specialists, who have spent all their time perfecting certain varieties.
Because of our long experience and our many visits there we are able to obtain for
our customers from these specialists the finest quality of the finest varieties — even
now when the war has greatly reduced the output of bulbs.

Even the most inexperienced gardener need not hesitate to try growing our bulbs. By
carefully following the directions successful results are always obtained. Planting the
bulbs and watching them grow is a fascinating occupation for flower lovers of all de-
grees of experience. Hundreds of customers have written us, telling us how successful
they have been through following this method. Simply plant your bulbs in shallow
boxes in soil from your garden or from a florist's shop if you live in a city. Keep
them in a cool dark place and water occasionally until they are well rooted. Then
bring them out to the light at intervals of ten days so that you may have a
succession of flowers. When the buds are almost ready to open you may trans-
plant them to jardinieres, fern dishes,
or bowls if you wish.

Our booklet contains complete instructions which will make failure practically
impossible.

Let Us Send You a Copy of Our Free Booklet

Whether or not you have grown bulbs before you’ll be interested in our booklet. It is
profusely illustrated and contains descriptions of almost a thousand varieties of bulbs suitable
for both indoor and outdoor growing, as well as hardy plants, perennials, and shrubs which you
will want for your garden. It also contains directions for growing all kinds of bulbs.

Why You Must Order Quickly

We import bulbs to order only and must have all our orders not later than July 1st. It is im-
portant to order early if flowers are to be ready at Christmas. By ordering from us now
you make a large saving in the cost of your order, get a superior quality of bulbs not usually
to be obtained in the United States at any price, and have a large list of varieties from
which to choose. All orders are selected and packed in Holland and reach our customers in
the best possible condition as soon as possible after we have received them from Holland.

SEND FOR OUR FREE BOOKLET

Use coupon if more convenient. Order your bulbs at once. Order from the list given here if you
wish. Special prices will be allowed on all orders received before July 1st.

ELLIOTT NURSERY

Read WHat These People Say:

Admirntion of the town ! “I want to tell you how
magnificent my daffodils are. They are the admira*
non of the town, and have given us untold pleasure.
Earn daffodil is the size of a tenenp. Many bulbs
have four flowers, and not one has failed to produce
two. — G. D. S., Uniontown, Ala.

Beyond Expectations ! “I must tell you what excel-
lent results I have had with the bulbs I ordered from
you. By Easter, all the hyacinths and tulips showed
large, healthy buds, w hich ha\e matured far be vond all
expectation. The quality of bulbs offered by you, even
in cheaper mixtures, far sur]»sses that often sold at
much higher prices."— R. C. A., Kansas City. Mo ,
Nothing short of wonderful! •• I have in my
front window, as the admiration of all the
passersby, finest group of tulips ever ^
seen in this city. \\ ith their gor-
geous colors, odd shapes and
exquisite shades of color, * \

they are nothing ^
short of wonder-
ful.”— J. A. S.,

Portland, /

Me.

Established 30 Years

Pittsburgh, Pa.

I he Lha rrn oj Mowers
in a Horne

You have felt it — when you have come in from a gray disagree-
able day, which made you feel that winter would never end, to
the rose glow of tulips and the spring fragrance of the narcissus.

Exhibition lliarinlhs
$2.00 per do*., $15.00 per 100

Empress Narcissus
75e per do*., $5.25 per 100

i26i - r Nnr

The Garden

Vol. XXXIII, No. 4 MAGAZINE

LffWARV

NEW YORK

botamc *l

June , 1921

‘•PALE WATER, GREEN ALONG ITS MARGE
WHERE DIPPING WILLOWS HAVE DROPPED THEIR IMAGE
AND FEATHERED FERNS UNCURL SLIM FINGER-TIPS,

SET ABOUT BY GLIMMERING IRIS BUDS

AND PROUDLY LIFTED BLOOMS

OF PURPLE, PRIMROSE, AND TAWNIEST GOLD.”

Anter Pindar

The Iris is here perfectly at home
and its gracious loveliness in such a
setting sharpens the spectator’s wish
that it might be more often so
found growing unrestrainedly

231

232

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

Clarence Fowler , Landscape Architect

Pictorial News Co., Photo.

PLANTING PLAN OF WHICH THE HOLLY
(ILEX OPACA) IS A CENTRAL FEATURE

This unusually large specimen of Holly was
successfully transplanted at its present size
from one portion of Long Island to another
miles distant — a rather fine bit of horticul-
tural craftsmanship, and a heartening one!

233

"FAIR FLOWERS MEET TO MAKE AN EARTHLY PARADISE”

Oscar Wilde

A festive use of the familiar Dorothy Perkins
Rose which arouses fresh interest; the aptly
hung lantern accenting the carnival-like as-
pect of this mass of riotous bloom. Garden
of Mrs. Samuel H. Taft, Cincinnati, Ohio

WHAT AMERICA HAS DONE
FOR THE IRIS

JOHN C. WISTER

President American Iris Society

Editor’s Note: — There is very much of interest in the history and personal as-
sociation of the pioneers with the earliest cultivation of various plants and flowers that
have become really so popular as to have outstepped the confines of the garden and
become almost cosmopolitans in their appeal and acquaintance with the world at large.
Unfortunately, much of this early history has been lost because in the beginning the
ultimate wide-spreading interest could not be foreseen. The earliest and greatest amount
of plant improvement naturally was accomplished by European gardeners, and the in-
troduction of their products into the gardens of America formed the basis of further
developments in conformity with the requirements and the conditions of this country.
The Garden Magazine has attempted to put in concise form available information
concerning the early history of popular garden plants in this country and the people
who aided this development. This article dealing with the Iris is a fitting continuation
of previous articles of like character devoted to the Rose and to the Peony which, it is
hoped, will in due time be followed by the story of the Dahlia and others of similar
general appeal.

SUDDENLY in the
spring of 1920 the
JJj world awoke to the
fact that the Iris
was the coming American
garden flower. Amateurs every-
where were inquiring about Iris
varieties, where to buy them, how
to plant them; communities were
planting public Iris gardens; and
Iris shows were being held.

This interest in the Iris, then
for the first time markedly uni-
versal, seems to indicate that in
American gardens the fourth period
of Iris development has begun.
Irises have been grown here more
than a century; and, looking back
upon it, we can easily divide that
century into three periods : ( 1 ) from
1820 to 1875; (2) from 1875 to 1900; (3) from 1900 to 1920.

At the beginning of the first period there were already in Am-
erica a dozen or twenty cultivated forms of Bearded Iris such as
pumila, Chamaeiris, lutescens, florentina, germanica, pallida,
variegata, and sambucina. These were apparently offered for
the first time in America by that pioneer nurseryman, William
Prince of Flushing, Long Island. It was not until some time
in the “’fifties” that the first named varieties of Bearded Iris
were offered; and among them were Aurea, Honorabile, Mme.
Chereau, and Jacquesiana, which are still much grown to-dav,
and which, in fact, are fully as good as many of the more
advertised later productions. As many as a hundred varieties
were offered by representative nurseries during the “’sixties;”
but after 1875 the interest in these named varieties slackened
just as it did in Europe after the Franco-Prussian War.

The second period, 1875 to 1900, was noteworthy for the
interest in species of Iris other than the Bearded (or so-called
germanica) Group. For the first time some of our native Iris
began to be appreciated; of these there were more than a dozen
growing in more than twenty-five states, ranging from Maine
to California. The writings of J. G. Gerard in Garden and Forest
were among the first to call attention to these beautiful species.
To-day only three of them, versicolor, cristata, and fulva, seem
to be grown to any extent by gardeners in the eastern part of
the United States. It was during this period that Mr. Carl

Purdy of Ukiah, California, discovered and brought into culti-
vation many of the exquisitely lovely Californian species which
are now well known in Europe, but have not been successfully
cultivated as yet in the colder regions of the United States.

The Japanese Iris also first reached the United States during
these years. It has been stated that Thomas Hogg was its
first importer, and his collection given to Doctor Thurber, then
Editor of The American Horticulturist — was introduced into
the trade shortly after 1869, the approximate date of im-
portation. Others give the credit not to Hogg, but to Hallock
& Thorpe of Queens, L. I. But whichever came first, both were
early and widely disseminated collections, for the beauties of this
new flower speedily captured the gardeners. The terrible con-
fusion still existing in the nomenclature of this species originated
at that early date through the re-naming and the translating of
Japanese names. The large and varied collection of Prof.
R. T. Jackson of Cambridge, Mass., was also made between
1875 and 1 900,- and he is credited with raising what is believed
to be the first American seedling in the Bearded group, the
. variety Pallisy (very rich in coloring, but too small to remain
important), which received a Certificate of Merit from the
Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1885.

With the new century came a tremendous awakening of
interest in hardy plants, and among them the Iris soon received
its share of attention. About the time of the founding of The
Garden Magazine in 1904, a nursery was started at Wyom-
issing, Pennsylvania, b}' a man of little previous experience in
gardening, but whose love for it had led him to give up his
business to become a nurseryman. This little nursery has done
much to stimulate general knowledge of Peonies, Phlox, Lilacs,
and other plants — but especially Iris. For whatever develop-
ment the Iris has reached in America to-day is due more to the
founder of this nursery, Mr. Bertrand H. Farr, than to any
other man or group of men.

Mr. Farr imported large numbers of named varieties of Iris
from Barr and from Wallace of England, which, when distrib-
uted, aroused enthusiasm everywhere. Among them, of course
were a goodly number of the old Lemon varieties, already in
this country in the “’fifties” and “’sixties” as I have said;
but as he had not previously imported from Holland or from
general European nurseries, Mr. Farr’s collection did not con-
tain the duplications so apparent in other nurseries. From
this initial collection were raised his first seedlings which, even
more than the imported plants, brought immediate fame to
him; for among the very first of them were such gems as Quaker

234

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

23 5

WILLIS E. FRYER

Whose new variety, "Mag-
nificent,” won Honorable Men-
tion at the Minneapolis Iris
Show (1920). Within the last
three years Mr. Fryer has sent
more varieties into the trade
than any other American

Lady, Montezuma, and Juniata, varieties far in advance of any

I of the older European sorts. It has been suggested that some
of Mr. Farr’s seedlings are not as fine as some of the later
European varieties. While these criticisms may in some in-
stances be just, they are equally just of any other breeder, and I
would much prefer to judge a breeder by his best things than by
his worst. 1 wish to point out here, however, that most of his
things were raised before we knew of the modern Iris develop-
l ment in Europe; that they were distinct advances on the older
sorts; and that they, together with his importations, have
brought the Iris to its present height of popularity. His
position in Iris history must in consequence ever be secure.

A little later Farr imported from Goos & Koenemann in
Germany and was one of the first to present the wonderful
Loreley, Rhein Nixe, Iris King, Gajus, Mithras, and the inter-
mediate Irises to the American public. They in their turn again
increased the interest of gardeners in the Iris. Following
i this he became one of the early importers of Vilmorin’s Ori-
i flamme, Eldorado, Alcazar, and Archeveque; so that through the
I years he has kept pace with the latest developments in Europe,
as well as putting out seedlings of his own from time to time.
His early seedlings were followed by others such as Mary
L Garden, Pocahontas, and — -last year — Seminole, which received
one of the first Honorable Mentions of the Iris Society.

Mr. Farr, however, soon had many competitors. Nurseries
specializing in Iris sprang up all over the land, some of them
: buying their stock from him and copying his catalogue almost
i word for word; others importing direct from Europe and very
| often, under new and strange names, the identical varieties
[ offered by Prince sixty years ago. The Rainbow Iris Gardens
I; of St. Paul were the first among them to offer a number of the
Foster and Yeld varieties in America; while Mrs. Dean of
f Moneta, Cal., was the first to import the new Millet and Denis
, seedlings. In fact many of our large nurseries now offer com-
plete collections, where before they
offered but three or four varieties.
As a raiser of seedlings also he
was not long alone. At Welles-
ley Farms, Massachusetts,
Miss Grace Sturtevant has
a beautiful, small, roadside

BERTRAND H. FARR

Originator of Quaker Lady, Montezuma, Juniata and other justly
famous varieties; a notable history-maker for the Iris in America

garden sloping gently down to a pond; in spring time so
charming a picture is made by the Iris that all passers-by
pause to admire. A set of seedlings exhibited by Miss Stur-
tevant in 1914 before the Massachusetts Horticultural So-
ciety brought her a number of certificates and awards of
merit. In her breeding she has sometimes used cypriana and
other kinds springing from Asiatic origin, which have given
size and height, but she has been fortunate in securing these
attributes without the loss of vigor which has characterized
some of the seedlings of Foster, Vilmorin, and Denis in Europe.
Of her many fine varieties it is difficult to choose the best;
my own personal favorites are Afterglow, B. Y. Morrison,
Queen Caterina, and Shekinah.

A CALIFORNIA
PIONEER

Mrs. J. Dean, of Moneta,
California, first importer
of the new Millet and
Denis seedlings, which
are most successful in
that warm climate

MISS GRACE STURTEVANT

Repeatedly awarded recogni-
tion by the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society, Miss
Sturtevant yields place to none
as a raiser of seedlings. Among
her many fine varieties some of
the loveliest are Afterglow, B.
Y. Morrison, Queen Caterina,

© Bachrach

236

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

THE POND AT WELLESLEY FARMS

This little Massachusetts roadside pond offers a congenial natural
setting for Miss Sturtevant’s experimental work with Iris

Mr. B. Y. Morrison has made the little suburb outside of
Washington, where he lives, a veritable Iris paradise. Neigh-
bor after neighbor has been inspired to plant Iris, and a few of
them have even combined with him to plant Iris instead of
grass in the strip between the sidewalk and. the curb for a
distance of several hundred feet on one of the streets. Yearly
Iris Shows have been held under the auspices of the Town
Improvement Society, at which he has offered plants of the
newer varieties as prizes. It is a striking illustration of what
one energetic man can do in a community. Mr. Morrison’s
w'ritings have made him well known in garden circles, but few
of his many friends know of the work in breeding which,
inspired by the success of Miss Sturtevant, he has been carrying
on. He has only a few varieties, but these are the very finest,
and breeding among them has been going on now for several
years.

In the last three years the American who has sent the most
varieties into the trade is W. E. Fryer of Mantorville, Min-

nesota. Mr. Fryer tested more than five
hundred named varieties in his severe
climate, and finding many of them below
his expectations, he set about raising
seedlings, of which he has named forty
or fifty. One of his newest varieties,
“Magnificent,” secured an Honorable
Mention at the Minneapolis Iris Show
last year.

Bobbink & Atkins of Rutherford, N.
J ., also have raised a number of seedlings,
notably one variety — Wanaque.

Mr. E. B. Williamson, a banker of
Bluffton. Indiana, who divides his spare
time between collecting dragon flies and
hybridizing Iris, has introduced only a
few varieties, but of such high quality as
to make him immediately famous. His
garden is smaller than Miss Sturtevant’s
or Mr. Morrison’s; in fact it is nothing
but a small town back yard, probably not
fifty feet square, but there is not a blade
of grass or a plant of any kind except
Iris, grown in straight rows in raised beds
with wooden sides, and narrow paths be-
tween. Finding this garden not big enough, his Iris began to
overflow into the back yards of neighbors; so that now all over
Bluffton behind or between houses one comes upon Iris planted
and cared for by him.

Mr. Williamson has grown many thousands of seedlings.
Some years ago he was particularly struck with the fine
blooms of one of the Asiatic species in his garden and set about
using it for breeding, crossing with it nearly every other variety
there, and making more than 500 distinct crosses in two
different years. Of them all only one produced a pod of seed,
and from this seed grew the Iris, Lent A. Williamson, intro-
duced in 1918 and springing, as it bloomed in the gardens of other
Iris enthusiasts, into sudden fame. Unlike most plants which
start at a high price and become cheaper every year, this
variety has steadily risen in value until to-day it is hard to get a
plant of it even at four or five times the original figure. It has
often been compared to Alcazar and although not exactly
the same color, it is close enough to entirely replace it, being

IN FRONT OF MR. MORRISON’S HOUSE

Openhandedly sharing his delight in Iris, Mr. B. Y. Morrison
has edged the public walk with this favorite flower, inspiring
his neighbors to do likewise until the little suburb (Takoma
Park, Md.) has become “a veritable Iris paradise”

DR. KENT’S BACKYARD, NEWARK, N. J.

Ceaseless demands upon his time, for he is a
physician as well as an Iris enthusiast, have not
prevented Dr. George Kent from raising a num-
ber of very pretty seedlings in his tiny backyard

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

237

Mattie Edwards Hewitt, Photo

"A LONG, LONG TRAIL" OF IRRESISTIBLE LURE

Seldom is the Iris furnished with so fine a natural setting. Freed from the smug conventions of ordinary planting it takes on
impressive dignity, lifting its blossoms proudly against the gleaming blue beyond. Garden of Mrs. Aaron Ward, Roslyn, L. I.

238

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

as it is such a strong, vigorous grower
and free bloomer. The plant can be
readily distinguished by its large rhi-
zomes; and it is interesting to note that
in this characteristic, and in texture and
substance of flower, it resembles Do-
minion and Ambassadeur.

Another of Mr. Williamson’s seedlings
is Dorothea K. Williamson, a hybrid of
fulva and foliosa of the same type as
Mr. Dykes’s fulvala. We hope that this
is only a forerunner of others of the same
race. Cherokee Maid and Maude Tri-
bolet are hybrids between susiana and
some of his tall Bearded varieties. They
are of beautiful, rich coloring with the
veiningof susiana; and so far have proved
more vigorous than the similar hybrids of
Sir Michael Foster.

The only other American breeder who
has sent out any quantity of seedlings to
commerce is Mrs. Francis Cleveland, of
Eatontown, N. J . Mrs. Cleveland knows
Iris well and we hope for much from her
seedlings.

Few of the other breeders of whom I wish to speak have sent
varieties into commerce. Mrs. C. S. McKinney of Madison,
N. J., has one of the most beautiful, if not the most beautiful
Iris garden 1 have ever visited. It is exceedingly simple — pallida
dalmatica predominates, interspersed with varieties such as Mme.
Chereau, Mrs. H. Darwin, and Aurea. Among Mrs. McKinney’s
many fine seedlings are Piquante, Simplicity, and Her Rival.

Mr. D. M. Andrews of Boulder, Colorado,
has been breeding Iris for some years along
Mendelian lines and he insists that he will not
introduce anything until he gets to the third
generation; in the meantime it is hard to per-
suade him to say much about his work. It is
known, however, that he has a yellow which is
splendidly clear in a climate where both Aurea
and Mrs. Newbronner develop streaks.

To get clear yellow seifs is difficult, but Mr.

J. N. Shull of Chevy Chase, Md., is this year

GARDEN OF MRS. C. S. McKINNEY

Very simple in its planting arrangements Mrs. McKinney’s garden at Madison, N. J., contains
many interesting seedlings with the lovely I. pallida dalmatica as a sort of predominating motif

introducing Virginia Moore, a variety which stands taller than
Aurea, Mrs. Newbronner, or Sherwin Wright; and while on
young plants it may show coarse veining, in established clumps
the effect is a pure self; and by reason of its height, it should
become a very valuable variety. It is interesting to note that
this is a second generation hybrid from Honorabile and Her
Majesty, certainly not varieties which to the casual observer

would offer much promise of giving a
tall yellow.

Among white varieties the clearest
in color is White Knight raised by
Prof. A. B. Saunders of Clinton, N. Y.,
also well known as Secretary of the
American Peony Society. It is a dis-
appointment that Prof. Saunders has
not followed this successful Iris with
others.

Those who are following closely the
work of I ris breeders are coming to be-
lieve that our greatest Iris seedlings
will be bred by Mr. William Mohr of
Mt. Eden, Cal.; this belief being based
largely on the fact that in his climate
he can use freely Mesopotamia and
other Asiatic types, as well as Iris
oncocyclus as parents. From the first
of these he has obtained wonderful
height and size of bloom, and a greater
range of color than is seen in any
of the Denis hybrids which have
reached California. From an Eastern
point of view, however, it is feared that
his plants may lack vigor in severe
climates, and we may find his early
crosses, which were made largely with
Juniata as one of the parents, of
greater value.

We have a number of breeders in
the East of whom practically nothing
has been heard. Mrs. M. W. Jacobs
- of Harrisburg displayed a fine collec-
tion of seedlings at the Iris Show at
Philadelphia last year, one of which,
Rachel Fox, attracted much atten-
tion for its beautiful color, even though
it was not large. At the same show

CARL PURDY

Already well known to our readers for his
activities in other fields, notably that of bulb
growing (The Garden Magazine, Decem-
ber, 1920, page 190), Mr. Purdy also has to
his credit many of the California Irises

E. B. WILLIAMSON

Whose duties as President of The Wells
County Bank (Bluffton, Ind.) have not
prevented him from winning fame in other
circles as well. He is known to Iris lovers
as creator of the increasingly valuable
variety Lent A. Williamson

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

239

there were a number of seedlings grown by my friend, Frank
M. Thomas, who was killed in the Argonne; and 1 understand
one of them has recently been given his name. It will, I hope,
prove worthy of its raiser.

Mr. Frank Koehler of Camden, N. J., had a number of fine
seedlings in the same exhibition, among them a particularly
fragrant pallida. As he served his apprenticeship with Goos
& Koenemann at the time they were raising their splendid
seedlings, we may look to him to give us good things in the
future.

It is not necessary, however, to have either long experience
ora large collection to achieve success, as has been shown by Mr.
Frank H. Presby, Treasurer of the American Iris Society, who
has raised but few seedlings, one of which is a beautiful flower
standing more than four feet in height.

Aside from the work of breeders, we have in America many
beautiful Iris gardens, featuring not only the popular Bearded
varieties, but also the Japanese and other Beardless sorts.
There is a remarkable enthusiasm at present for public Iris
gardens, as is exemplified in the Test Gardens of the American

Iris Society at the Botanical Gardens of New York, of
Brooklyn, and at Cornell University. Exhibition gardens are
also being planned for, and in some cases are already started, at
St. Thomas, Ontario; Columbus, O. ; Madison, Wis.; Nashville,
Tenn.; St. Louis, Mo.; and many other places; showing the
unusual interest in this wonderful flower at the present time,
also proved by the widespread enthusiasm over Iris exhibitions
in nearly all sections of the country.

The large number of persons interested in Iris breeding in
Europe and America to-day is certainly a healthy sign and is
to be greatly encouraged, because the greater number of seed-
lings grown, the greater the chance of advancement. But there
is also danger that we may in a few years be flooded with a
host of mediocre seedlings named and introduced in good faith
as being worthy of cultivation. Nothing will discourage the
average gardener more than buying new varieties and finding
them unworthy; and the American Iris Society hopes that
gardeners everywhere will stand firmly behind it in its attempt
to prevent the introduction of anything which is not distinctly
superior to varieties already in existence.

Nathan R. Graves Co., Photo.

WHERE IRIS FURNISHES THE REQUISITE DECORATIVE EFFECT
This birdbath, without any inherent beauty of line or design, is redeemed from commonplaceness by the clustered Iris at its base

THE GARDEN
INDOORS AND OUT

EDITORIAL FOREWORD

rr

GARDENING as a conscious, organized movement is still — comparatively,
at least — in its infancy; for this reason we are perhaps more keenly aware

than ever before of the strength and scope of its influence. More, too, than
ever before do we need in our whirring, crowded existences the refreshment of
spirit which the garden bestows; and, aware of this need, we are in our business-
like, modern fashion deliberately setting out to supply the demand. Hence the lightning popularity of solarium and sleeping-porch; the
frenzied building of rock gardens, naturalesque pools, and perennial borders; the outcry for planting the city backyard. All these are
expressions of the healthy, human delight in growing things, and as such deserve every encouragement. The terms of expression are
negligible; whether the perennial border and the rock garden are merely fads or something more fundamental that have come to stay,
does not matter at all; what does matter is that men and women everywhere are finding it worth while to cultivate the friendship of the
garden.

In all sorts of unobtrusive ways the garden colors our lives. Quietly it has stepped from outdoors in, gradually taking possession of
our homes till now we find its bright finger-prints everywhere — in chintzes and gaily flowered wallpapers; in floor coverings, whether
Chinese or Colonial; in window boxes cheerily ablossom upstairs and down; in the feathery ferns and trailing greenery of braziers. And,
like all really vital conquests, this conquest of the house by the garden has been pervasive rather than aggressive in character, evolution-
ary rather than revolutionary in method.

The household gods have nearly always been garden gods as well — the pottery, tapestry, and rugs of centuries back testify to this.
All sorts of floral motifs are rooted in the misty, very early days, and it is interesting to follow their development, transformation — often-
times transfiguration — at the hands of different peoples in their passage through the ages. Some have reached us quite unchanged,
others display immense variation, and each nation and each generation has, of course, added something to the total of such decorative
motifs until our present choice seems almost limitless.

In response to the interest nowadays of so many people in everything which offers beauty and wholesome living, this series — “ The
Garden Indoors and Out” — has been prepared; and the quality of their work, already well known, makes fhe tribute of these decorators
and landscapists to the gospel of gardening indisputably convincing.

Miss Bowman's article will be followed in July by Miss Ruth Dean’s “ In The Country Garden” and in subsequent issues by articles
on other phases of the subject by various authors.

II.— THE GARDEN AND THE LIVING ROOM

AGNES BOWMAN

Interior Decorator

f ']/]■*% EOPLE have begun to realize that they cannot shut
' themselves indoors and be satisfied. They have begun
•£ to feel that they really have some connection with the
\A Tid seasons of the year, that they need the companionship
of growing things; and with spring comes the urge to somehow
transport the freshness, the color, and the joy of outdoors into
the rooms where much time is, of necessity, spent.

If windows or doors look out into a garden one is indeed for-
tunate. In such a case the garden itself frequently furnishes
immediate suggestion and sometimes actually determines the
treatment of the interior. I know of one progressive hotel at
Santa Barbara which has its rooms decorated in combination
with the color scheme of the garden planting; the trim around the
windows and the F 'ench doors being painted to harmoniously
frame the most beautiful garden vistas, and all the fabrics se-
lected in relation to the garden colors.

Of course, a permanent garden note may be introduced by the
use of inside window boxes or some of the charming hanging- or
wall-baskets nowadays readily obtainable. No more perfect
flower holder can be imagined than some of the old Italian
braziers made of delicately wrought metal, sometimes arranged
for a combination of growing plants and cut flowers. And,
incidentally, the widening use of flowers as an integral part of
the decoration of a room is an indication of the growing apprecia-
tion of beauty and an increasing eagerness to bring it into our
homes. The inherent hunger wL :h, during the late war, caused
so-called “hard” men to walk a couple of miles through deep
mud to see a bunch of violeG m a dingy hut, inclines me to
believe that the love of flowers is one of man’s strongest instincts,
and that we are just outgrowing puritanical influences suffi-
ciently to be no longer ashamed of admitting and indulging it.
In face of this how can flowers be still regarded as unnecessary
luxuries? Old Mahomet years ago was far nearer the truth when
he said: “If 1 had but two loaves of bread, 1 would sell one and

buy hyacinths, for they would feed my soul.” Flowering bulbs, p.
too, and a bowl of darting goldfish add a vital touch to any room, a

There are all sorts of ways by which the living room may i
achieve distinctly gardenesque character, and its springtime
transformation from winter to summer garb is a matter of pleas- el
urable concern to all garden-lovers — to those city-bound a
veritable boon.

The atmosphere of any room can be completely changed by li
the simple device of slip covers; the sunlit warmth of winter
furnishing giving way to crisp and airy coolness. Flowered
linen or chintz, cheerful and colorful, is particularly satisfactory t
for this purpose as well as for curtains. The natural linen dust-
cover, loose, ill-fitting and funereal, has, of course, long been :
familiar, but the present slip cover, though it serves the same I
practical purpose, is no more closely related to it than is the
smartly tailored gown to the old “mother hubbard.” It is
quite possible to choose material for these covers appropriate for :
all year round, whenever one wants the garden or summer aspect
of the living room continuously stressed.

There is a wealth of designs from which to select and a great
variety of color schemes, so that covers and curtains may be
chosen to harmonize with any of the permanent furnishings,
such as wall tones and rugs, and at the same time give an entirely i
different character to the room.

There is a particularly charming apartment where I have seen
this worked out very successfully. The high walls and arched
ceiling are of plaster, sand-finished, with dull oak bookcases
reaching well upward. During the winter a large tapestry and
some apricot velvet wall-hangings give the room warmth. In
summer these are taken down; and the winter curtains of glowing
casement silk are replaced by roller shades of glazed chintz, a
Chinese design of blue-green and pale yellow bowls filled with
vari-colored flowers against a light beige ground. Chairs and
sofas (done for winter in green and blue goat’s hair, and deep

240

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

241

WHERE SUMMER HAS BEEN BROUGHT INDOORS

Jessie Tarbox Beals , Photo-

Skilfully placed mirrors reiterate the informal garden motifs of chair and wall-coverings, and each window plant-stand holds a tiny garden of
Ferns and similar delicate greenery. Vases of Iris on the mantel furnish a fitting, final accent to this pleasing room decorated by Miss Swift

plum colored velvet) and the blue pad and pillows of the daybed
are clad for the summer in unglazed chintz of the same pattern
as the shades. The piano is fitted with a slip covering of dark
turquoise blue material which is also occasionally introduced
elsewhere.

The hotels have been quick to appreciate the possibilities of
such covers and use them for the dual purpose of protecting
heavy winter upholstery from dust and of making their rooms
look cool and attractive during the summer heat; many a tea-
room is rendered inviting by the simple artifice of covering the
backs of the chairs with gay chintz slips.

In one of the smartest New York Hotels is found a happily
designed linen showing bright-plumaged aquatic birds disporting
themselves amid pink tipped Water-lilies
with pads of blue and soft jade green.

The green of the Water-lily leaf is em-
phasized by painted reed chairs of the
same tint, making a deliciously cool and
refreshing total effect.

The English have a most delightful ma-
terial that has been growing in favor with
us — the glazed chintz, which may be had in a
very stiff or semi-glaze finish. This sheds
dust and dirt admirably, but in time the
glazed surf ace wrinkles and wears off. This is
the chief reason why it is not more prevalently
used, for unfortunately until quite recently
there has been no satisfactory means of re-
calendaring the material developed in this
country. One of the leading importers of
this sort of material has lately brought in
machinery and expert workmen for this pro-
cess; so it is expected we may soon develop
here the industry already general in England.

Whatever legitimate objection there may still be to using
glazed chintz on chairs, sofas, and similar furniture, it is highly
satisfactory for tables and other flat surfaces and especially
suitable for roller shades. Such shades require no over curtains
at all, if a shallow valance, either pleated or shaped, is used to
cover the roller, and the bottom of the shade is finished with
a scalloped apron. If both valance and apron are bound with a
contrasting color, the result is a finished and pleasing window.
Several purposes are thus simultaneously served, for the chintz
is heavy enough to keep out brilliant sun and at the same time
avoids the depressing effect of the ordinary dark holland shade,
being as decorative in its way as a stained glass window. Again
it gives a sense of space and feeling of outdoors, always desirable,
and to the city dweller doubly precious.

The unglazed English and French
designs have, of course, come to be very
familiar to us, but there are in the market
copies of very charming old Italian de-
signs, as well as particularly fine Spanish
and Portuguese chintzes in the original.
These latter conform more or less to one
general plan of design; alternating broad
blue and white, or buff and white stripes
with a conventional floral, or floral and bird
design in red on the colored stripe with
smaller scale flowers, also in red and browns,
scattered through the white stripe. All of
these are particularly effective — the newer
ones being a bit strong in color for indis-
criminate use, the more faded ones having
particular charm. While they are not as
serviceable for covering furniture that is to
be subjected to hard wear as some of the
newer and more durable chintzes, they com-

WROUGHT- 1 RON BRAZIER
OF SUITABLE TYPE

It is not difficult to imagine the charm of
this brazier when filled with Fuchsia, Vinca,
or whatever pleases the individual fancy
and suits the room in which it is to stand

242

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

Jessie Tarbox Beals , Photo.

WALLPAPER OF DISTINCTLY FLORAL MOTIF

This naturalistic design renders old friends in recognizable fashion,
among them the Wisteria which lends its lavender freely; burgundy,
soft green, and other harmonious tones make up the rich whole

carefully centred as that on the best per-
manent upholstery — many a pleasing effect
has been spoiled by failure to centre the
medallion! This is one of the pitfalls
of slip-cover making. The finish of the
bottom of the covers should conform with
the spirit of the room and the particular
piece of furniture it covers — whether it be
plain, bound or piped, flounced or pleated.
Perhaps one of the most effective results
is obtained by piping the outlining seams of
a chair or sofa with a plain color of the
same material and finishing it with a skirt
of close, flat box pleats. The heading of
the pleating can be either faced back with
a plain color or have a narrow band
stitched over the joining.

A gay, gardenesque effect may also be
gained by using some of these same linens
on the wall and glazing them over, or by
papers of similar character. There are
some most fascinating flowered papers
of old Chinese design that have recently
come again into favor, and a few good
landscape papers. These one hesitates to
recommend too highly since, unless used
with restraint and great discrimination,
they can so easily lead the amateur into
difficulty ; however, when properly employed

SCREEN OF CHINESE PATTERN

An easy and often very effective method of introducing or enhancing
the garden note is by use of a screen, which must, of course, be
selected with reference to the character of the other furnishings

bine admirably with other covers
as curtains, piano or table
covers, wall hangings, or bed
spreads.

A slip cover is not only prac-
tical for preserving more valu-
able coverings but it is often an
excellent idea for an original
covering because it can be so
much more satisfactorily cleaned
than material upholstered on
the furniture, since it is so easily
taken off and put on.

The original covering may be
muslin, satine, denim or any
other firm, inexpensive material
and the slipcover, if properly
made, should fit so snugly that
the difference between it and an
upholstered cover cannot be
noticed.

In order to have these covers
really satisfactory there are a
few precautions one must always
take, for there is a knack about
making good slip covers that
comes from long experience. It
is as important that they be
well cut and sewed as that your
spring suit be well-tailored.
They can be made to fasten with
snappers at the edges of the
furniture instead of directly
down the middle of the back.
Then the design should be as

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

243

G. IV. Hurting , Photo.

HOW ONE NEW YORKER SOLVES THE PROBLEM

A little balcony, shaded and ivy-draped, makes hot summer days endurable and keeps alive in the heart of the city
a tiny, refreshing spark of the garden spirit. Residence of Mr. R. Evans, Washington Place, New York City

nothing is so effective for giving certain rooms a breadth and
depth quite incommensurate with their actual size. In the re-
action against the formality and somberness of the Victorian
era, with its layers upon layers of heavy curtains, “space” has
come into its own! Its importance as one of the requisite
factors in all really satisfying interior decoration is now fully
recognized. The decorator has to be a sort of magician — if
there is insufficient space he must create some, he must learn
skilfully to bend varying materials to the successful execution of
illusion. It offers many rather fascinating problems to be met
and mastered. Everything possible must be done to produce a
feeling of space, airiness, and sunlight.

Whenever it is not advisable to cover an entire room with
landscape or floral wall-paper the wall space can be interestingly
broken by using it panel-wise. Then, too, there are always
paintings of landscapes and tapestries with which we may choose
instead to hang our walls. We have all the world to draw from
— the gardens of Persia and the Orient in our rugs and of Europe
in our tapestries and needlework; the potteries, tiles, and glass of
many nations at our disposal. Truly, no matter what the
season or how high the city walls we can each create our own
bit of indoor garden to fill the rooms in which we live with
fragrance, colorful beauty and the joyous, healthful spirit of
out-of-doors.

PORTUGUESE

CHINTZ

One of the newer
glazed chintzes from
Portugal which are
rapidly finding favor
(on left)

GLAZED CHINTZ
IN PATTERN REM-
INISCENT OF THE
OLD ENGLISH

Even in so quaintly
conventional a pattern
such garden favorites
as the Rose and Prim-
rose are still in evi-
dence. This chintz
may be had in several
colors

PLANTS FOR THE PORCH

HENRY GIBSON

FUCHSIA

Lovely in coloring and graceful
in growth, the Fuchsia is an
especially gratifying porch bas-
ket plant and accommodatingly
flourishes both summer and
winter

•HE custom of decorating the porch with festoons of living
plant drapery or the banked greenery of potted plants
has ample justification of propriety when done for sum-
mer ornament. It furnishes a logical link between
dwelling and garden and obliterates to some degree any bareness
and disharmony about the house extensions. It is a custom
that literally brings the outdoors inside and creates a “garden
feeling” on the porch without in the least diminishing its actual
usefulness. The fact of close association with the dwelling de-
termines the suitability of the plant material to be used, for the
porch is a distinct feature, and its treatment, though garden-like,
must be of a type in keeping with its character. Plants of more
striking individual appearance, may appropriately be here used
and the additional shelter affords occasion for the employment
of much material ordinarily only of service in the greenhouse
itself. Here, too, is a most fitting setting for hanging baskets
filled with growing things; frankly an artificial development
of the gardener’s art but justified surely in its decorative
triumph.

Of the many styles of hanging basket the simple wire frame,
moss-lined, is perhaps as satisfactory as any for actual growth,
though, of course, there are others more effective from a decora-
tive point of view.

For the Hanging Basket in Sun and Shade

PLANTS for filling the baskets will, naturally, vary with the
position they are to occupy. For a shaded location,
Mosses, Ferns, Fuchsias, Ivies, small Palms, Begonias, Fittonias,
Marantas, and others of like nature are suitable; for sunny loca-
tions all the usual kinds of “bedding plant” are available, and
some very bright and attractive combinations may be obtained.
Upright growers are most desirable for centre plants — such as
Dracaenas, Pandanus, Crotons in variety, Sanchezia nobilis, and
others of striking form or foliage, also the humble Geranium
is not to be overlooked. Bright-colored Geraniums or the still
more highly colored Coieus, with Lobelias, Tropaeolums,
Petunias, Torenias, or any of the long list of vines such as
German Ivy, Cobaea scandens, Vinca, Glechoma, Trailing Abu-
tilon, Maurandia, Tradescantia, Panicum, Solanum jasminoides,
etc., afford a wide choice.

A flowering combination for a shady position is Fuchsia as a
centre with a ground of white Violas, and Tropaeolum canariense
for a vine. Tuberous Begonias with a ground of Sweet Alyssum,
and Ivy-leaved Geraniums or Pink Verbenas for a trailer is a
good alternative.

For a sunny position silver-leaved Geraniums in the centre,
blue Violas as a ground work, and Campanula isophylla to hang

down; or Heliotrope in the centre with pale yellow Violas as a
ground work, and ivy-leaved Geranium as a trailer are both
good. Other simple and interesting combinations will suggest
themselves, and in the wide range of plants adapted to hanging
basket culture individual taste may be indulged to the full, but,
of course, color harmonies are even more important here than in
the outside border.

Many plants are very effective when grown alone, and of these
Asparagus Sprengeri is perhaps the most imperturbable of them
all. It stands neglect well, and will grow in almost any position.
It is a gross feeder, and needs plenty of water to be at its best.
The common Musk is an excellent basket plant, also thriving in
any situation, if well fed and watered.

Asplenium flaccidum with its long, drooping fronds is well
worthy of recognition, and the possibilities of many hardy
Ferns in conjunction with English Ivy are not to be over-
looked.

The gracefully drooping Little Beauty Fuchsia, with charming
red and violet flowers, is shown to best advantage when grown
in hanging baskets, because the flowers may be looked into from
below.

Mother-of-thousands (Saxifraga sarmentosa) — sometimes also
called Strawberry-plant because of its habit of throwing out
runners which produce leaves at the joints — is an excellent
plant for hanging baskets. Its leaves, shaped like those of the
Geranium, are red below, olive above, and spotted with white.
The runners hang over the edge of the basket in little festoons of
foliage smaller than those of the main plants. The white
flowers are produced in June and July.

Several of the dwarf Bellflowers have a trailing habit of growth
which renders them highly desirable as basket plants and they
produce a profusion of flowers.

Easy Ways of Watering and Feeding

GOOD soil is, of course, essential for success with hanging
baskets, for it is to be remembered that when several
plants are so confined within the limits of the bowl their roots
cannot travel far in search of food. A retentive loam, with one
third well rotted manure, and a six inch pot of bone meal to each
bushel of soil is none too rich, and for best results this can be
supplemented by judicious feeding during the summer with
prepared fertilizers. Unfortunately, however, with the best of
soil, and a wide selection of the most adaptable plants, many
hanging baskets are failures. The reason for this is, nine times
out of ten, lack of water. Exposed on all sides, and not infre-
quently subject to blazing sun and drying winds the baskets soon
dry out; being overhead, and inconvenient to take down, they
are neglected.

A very practical way to handle such baskets is to suspend them
from a cord run over a small pulley, securing the end of the cord
at a convenient height, after the fashion of awning cords. All
that is then necessary is to lower the basket into a pail or tub
of water, letting it stay until is has taken all the water it can
hold. After allowing the surplus water to drain, the basket
is easily pulled up into position. The plan of pouring water on
the soil of the basket is of little benefit inasmuch as most of it
runs off directly without penetrating to the roots of the plants.
Thorough saturation in the way suggested is by far the best
method, and saves time as daily watering is not then necessary
save during the very hottest weather.

Another plan often adopted is to punch a small hole in a
fruit can, fill it with water and set it on the soil in the basket
so that it is hidden by the foliage. A little experimenting
will soon determine the size of hole required to let the water

244

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

24S

through in quantity sufficient to keep the soil moist without
running over.

Potted Plants that Summer Successfully on the Porch

PLANTS which will flourish in the more or less shaded con-
ditions of the average porch are fortunately fairly numer-
ous. Of these the Aspidistra is perhaps the most common, with
the Rubber-plant (Ficus elastica) a close second.

The Aspidistra is among foliage plants what the Geranium is
among bedding plants. It will grow and thrive under conditions
that would be death to many plants; yet this is no reason for neg-
lecting it, for it will respond to good treatment. Give it plenty
of water, and an occasional top-dressing with commercial fer-
tilizer, preferably bone meal, or liquid manure water once or
twice a week. It will flourish in sunshine or shade; does not
mind dry air or dust; and will endure a good deal of cold. A
loamy soil suits it best. A variegated form which has strips of
creamy white of varying widths running through the length of
the leaves, adds a welcome touch of color.

The Rubber-plant is a general favorite because of its large,
thick, glossy leaves, dark green in color, and almost as firm as

J; leather, which enable it to withstand the bad effects of dry air
and dust. Do not try to force growth with a rich soil, but feed
once or twice a week with liquid manure. Give water in plenty,
and wash the leaves weekly. It does best in a partially shaded
place.

The Fan Palm (Latania borbonica), perhaps better known to
many plant growers as Livistona chinensis, makes a handsome
plant for a shaded porch, with its broad fan-shaped leaves, and
low, spreading habit of growth. It requires a rather light, well
drained soil, and abundance of water.

Areca lutescens is a graceful Palm of upright habit with
yellowish stalks, and when large specimens are available, very
t suitable for porch decoration. It needs plenty of water, and
will stand heat and dry air well. Scale sometimes attacks it, but
an occasional sponging with soapy water, or a solution of fir-tree
i oil will keep it in check.

Of the Date Palm family there are several members well fitted
for porch use. In fact it is to this section of the Palm family
we have to look to find subjects that will stand the hottest
sunshine, without losing their color, whether they be in tubs,
vases, or beds. Phoenix reclinata has long leaves which spread
and curve gracefully, is a free grower, and will stand almost any
kind of neglect and abuse. We have handled many of these
plants that have been tied and retied, packed and re-packed;
that have suffered heat and cold, gas and dust, and still stand
up with their arching fronds almost perfect, as though they rel-
ished the treatment.

AGAPANTHUS is one of the most floriferous of summer-
J \ flowering plants for porch decoration and deserves to be
better known. It is not a bulbous plant, but sends up its
leaves from thick, fleshy half-tuberous roots. It is best grown
in tubs as the strongly pushing roots not infrequently break
the ordinary pot. Its flowering season commences in June
and lasts from six weeks to two months. It succeeds admir-
ably in common loam; requires plenty of root room, and an
abundance of water.

The Oleander (Nerium Oleander) is everybody’s favorite,
and as an evergreen summer-flowering plant is well adapted to
porch conditions. It is of easy culture, but subject to attacks
of scale (which should be sponged off with a solution of fir-
tree oil), and mealy bug (which is readily cared for with
the hose.) Flowers are borne on the current year’s growth
which should be well ripened, so that the plants must be given
all the light and air oossible and the water supply reduced as
growth ceases.

Well grown specimens of Hydrangea hortensis are extensively
used for porch decoration, and for an open sunny position have
few equals. They require a generous growing medium, made
up of good loam, leaf soil, well decayed manure, and bone-meal.
During the summer a liberal supply of water is indispensable,
and liquid manure water occasionally is beneficial. Blue
flowers may be obtained by watering with alum water the
preceding year.

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WHAT JULY PROMISES THE READER

FOR warm weather days when we do not want to waste an unnecessary moment indoors “The Secluded Garden,” by John L. Rea,
has appealing suggestion; and E. C. Stiles’ “ Garden Furniture ” offers ways of making our gardens practical and comfortable liv-
ing places.

“Personal Prejudices of a Peony Fancier” presents an interesting list of the preferred Peonies chosen by Mr. H. A. Norton from
among the four hundred and fifty varieties grown in his own garden in Canada.

“ In the Country Garden ” by Miss Ruth Dean, already known to you through her work in the field of landscape design, is a
revelation of the many, scarcely as yet realized, possibilities for convenient and happy out-of-door life.

The traveler may delightfully refresh his memory in Asa Steele’s "Gardens of France,” which also affords the stay-at-homes an
imaginative journey and a glimpse of how our French friends plant their flowers.

Mr. Eldredge’s “ Prairie Flowers ” links the flora of the prairie lands with our snug little domestic enclosures in interesting
fashion. Then in July there will be “Sundials ” two pages of them, and — well, let’s leave something to the imagination!

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PATCHWORK

LOUISE AYRES GARNETT

My garden is a patchwork quilt.
Enchanting fragrances and lilt

Of dancing colors mingle there
In figures quaintly debonair.

The patches on the coverlet,
From hollyhock to mignonette.

Run patternwise across the bed,
Tufted with many a pansy head.

The earth so weary-long has lain
Beneath a sober counterpane,

She feels an ecstasy indeed
To have so much of beauty freed,

And proudly, under four-post trees,
Cuddles the patchwork round her knees.

WHY “NIP” MUSKMELON VINES?

J. W. LLOYD

University of Illinois

Muskmelon vines be "nipped,” "pinched,” or
"stopped” by the removal of the growing tip is quite
commonly recommended in vegetable gardening liter-
ature. Among modern American authors who make
definite statements regarding the desirability of thus treating
Muskmelon vines, the following may be mentioned: Peter

Henderson, P. T. Quinn, S. B. Green, T. Greiner, W. Atlee
Burpee, Allen French, Chas. A. Selden, Adolph Kruhm. The
recommendation is without question based upon the fact that
the fruit of the Muskmelon is borne principally upon the laterals
or side branches rather than upon the main or central shoot of
the vine. In fact, several authors state definitely that the
object of the nipping is to force out the laterals on which the
fruit is borne. This treatment is presumed to induce earlier
fruiting, an increased yield, and even improved quality.

The stage in the development of the plant at which nipping
is advised varies from soon after the second rough leaf is formed
to “when the vines have grown several feet in length.” Definite
recommendations between these two extremes are "when the
plants begin to run,” “when the vines are about twelve inches
in length,” and "when about eighteen inches long.” Recom-
mendations favoring extremely early nipping have reference
to the culture of the Melon in frames, where only one plant
is grown in each hill. This early nipping causes the formation
of two laterals (one from the axil of each of the first two rough
leaves) which are trained in opposite directions to more fully
occupy the frame. These laterals are later nipped to promote
the formation of sub-laterals on which the fruit is borne.

The most specific and detailed instructions regarding nipping
are given in some of the older American works on gardening
which are plainly based upon European practice, and in modern
European writings. These directions all have reference prim-
arily to the growing of Melons under glass in restricted areas, and
it is probable that the recommendations made by Henderson
and later American writers have been carried over from the
earlier amateur practice and writings, with such modifications
as would seem to render them applicable to outdoor culture.

In order to secure data in reference to the effect of nipping
Melon vines grown under field conditions in Illinois, tests
were made for five years in Union County and for three years
in Marion County, making a total of eight separate tests. In
each case, plats of Melons were planted, consisting of sixty-four
hills each. 1 n one plat the tips of the vines were nipped off when
the plants had reached a length of about one foot ; in another plat
the vines were allowed to grow without nipping. The two plats
were treated exactly alike as to fertilizing, tillage, spraying, etc.

The fruit was picked as it ripened, and a careful record kept of
each day’s picking. It was shipped to market along with fruit
from other experiments being conducted at the same time.
A record was kept of the selling price each day during the ship-
ping season. In making up the yield records from the daily
picking records, a division was made between early and late
Melons. Those which ripened early in the season, before ship-
ments from the region became heavy, and while prices were

normally high, were designated as Early Melons, and the balance i
of the crop as Late Melons. This may appear to be an arbitrary
method of separation, but it is the most significant one from a
commercial standpoint.

Using this system of designation, there was a greater yield of
early Melons from the nipped vines in five tests out of the eight, K
and a smaller yield in three tests. If, however, the yields from f
the eight tests are averaged, it appears that the nipped vines (
yielded slightly less than the vines that were not nipped; the V
yields being .99 pounds per hill from the nipped vines and 1.02
pounds per hill from the vines that were not nipped.

In reference to total yields (including both early and late
Melons) there was a greater difference in favor of the vines
that were not nipped. In six tests out of the eight, the vines
that were not nipped outyielded those which were nipped. The
average yield from the nipped vines was 3.14 pounds per hill,
while that from the unnipped vines was 3.49 pounds per hill,
or a difference of .35 pounds per hill in favor of not nipping.

The results of this experiment in Illinois, involving eight tests,
are in harmony with the results of a test at the New Hampshire
Station, reported in Bulletin 70 of that station. In the New
Hampshire experiment, the vines in one row were nipped when
they were three feet long “and then the laterals were again
nipped or pinched in, not allowing over one or two fruits to set
on each.” In another row “the main vine was pinched but no
laterals.” In three rows the vines “were allowed to take their
natural growth.” Ten hills had been planted in each row. The
average yield of fruit from the vines that were not nipped was
16 pounds per hill, while the average yield from the nipped vines,
including both lots, was 1 5.7 pounds, or an average loss of three-
tenths of a pound per hill apparently due to the nipping. The
vines of which the laterals as well as the main vine were nipped,
yielded slightly better than those of which only the main vine
was nipped, but more labor was required to do the nipping. The
conclusion was reached that there is “little if any gain from fc
pinching or heading-in the Muskmelon when grown out of
doors.”

It would appear that the value of nipping Muskmelon vines,
especially as applied to American field conditions, has been
overestimated. Theoretically, the removal of the terminal grow-
ing point of the vine should induce the early and abundant for-
mation of laterals; and since the laterals bear the fruit, it might
seem that both earliness and productiveness should thus be
promoted. However, the formation of laterals is dependent
fully as much upon the general vigor of the vines as upon
stoppage of the growing point. A Melon vine will usually throw
out fruiting laterals as early as it has attained sufficient growth
to properly support any fruits that may set. A strong vine
does not require nipping to make it form laterals; a weak vine
needs other treatment than nipping to make it fruitful. Earli-
ness and productiveness in Muskmelons may better be promoted |
by liberal fertilizing and careful tillage to promote vigorous vine
growth, than by nipping the vines to force the formation of
laterals.

246

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A WALK MADE DOUBLY PLEASURABLE BY KNOWLEDGE

Though no amount of specialized information can increase one’s enjoyment of the color, scent, and regal growth of Irises in bloom, which is after all primarily a mat-
ter of feeling, to be able to call them by name is to the genuine Iris lover as much an imperative necessity as to know the name of any friend similarly held in
high regard. For among the Irises, as among humans, a name sometimes proves an open sesame to personal history and all sorts of family affiliations of significance

HOW TO KNOW YOUR IRISES

A. C. ARNY

New System of Classification for Garden Irises, Plant
Characters Used in Determination of Varietal Groups

J

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HE increasing frequency of appearance of many new
varieties of Iris through hybridizing has largely obliter--
ated previously recognized botanical relationships
on which the older systems of classification were based.
But the real test of any system is its usefulness, and one based
primarily on botanical lines is apt to prove unworkable in deal-
ing with large groups of garden varieties. Systems at present
in use are practically valueless for identifying an unknown yet
standard variety.

A classification based wholly on the color of flowers can be
made to apply in general to the main divisions of the 1 ris family.
This is the method adopted by A. J. Bliss {The Garden, London,
England, Feb. yth, 1920), by R. S. Sturtevant {The Garden,
Jan. 31, 1920), byC. H. Hall, and by Wallace & Co. (Catalogue

for 1919 and later) who include also time of flowering. These
four systems were summarized by Mr. Sturtevant in The Flower
Grower, June, 1920; and, for the reader’s convenience, are re-
printed below together with a fifth now suggested by myself,
which in addition to color of flower and time of flowering as
points of identification, includes height and character of stem,
coloration of leaf base, and other minor characters.

Classification by Color of Flower

OBVIOUSLY any division based on color of flower only,
must of necessity be more or less artificial; but the method
of including all varieties of one general color effect (both seifs
and bicolors of various kinds) in one class as proposed by A. J.

248

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

Bliss (System One for Class I and Class V, and in System Three
throughout) is a simple and logical one.

Since very many of the blue Irises and practically all of the
so-called red Irises contain some violet — such as Caprice or
Edouard-M icbel which are violet with a varying amount of
white or red in them — it seems reasonable to put all of these
in a class “blue to violet’’ with subdivisions as indicated in
System Five.

A class “lilac to rose” is used in System Two. In System
Five this is changed to read “red to pink in general effect”
which makes provision not only for such varieties at present
extant but for the clearer reds and pinks of the future as well.

Each system contains a class to include “blends.” Such
varieties as Eldorado and Quaker Lady cannot well be included
elsewhere. However, a variety such as Iris King, which is
yellow in general effect, should be included in that class rather
than among the blends. This may be the way to handle a
number of others now classified as blends.

Terms used to characterize the groups in the old classification
have been omitted entirely in System Three and System Five;
such terms as neglecla and variegata seeming particularly mean-
ingless and unsuitable.

For subdivisions also, color of flower is a helpful basis of iden-
tification, though to use this to the exclusion of other valuable
characters would be unfortunate indeed. In every really effi-
cient classification known to the writer, root, leaf, stem, flower,
and seed characters are used in the tracing and determination of
plants.

Classification by Time of Flowering, Height, and Form of Stem

TIME of flowering is one of the bases of classification in Sys-
tem Two and, allowing for some variation from season to
season, may be broadly divided into: (i) Early-flowering, (2)
Medium-flowering, (3) Late-flowering.

Another division useful for purposes of classification is that of
height of plant at flowering time, roughly: (1) Dwarf, (2)
Medium-height, (3) Tall. Both height and time of flowering
vary, of course, according to conditions of soil, climate, etc.;
but there are certain fundamental differences of growth inherent
in varieties that external conditions have no power to alter. It
is scarcely conceivable, for example, that the slender leaves and
medium-high stem of Trautlieb could by any combination of
sunshine, soil, and water, take on the broad-leafed, tall-stemmed
character of Violacea grandiflora.

Fleight and time of flowering of the different types of Iris are
factors to be borne in mind when planting.

Another more constant and especially serviceable character on
which to base identification is the form of the flower stem. As
a result of hybridization the newer varieties are frequently char-
acterized by branching stems; for example, Trojan, lsoline, Nine
Wells, I. aphylla, and others which contrast strikingly with the
usual, straight-stemmed varieties. This is a feature of value in
classifying before the flowers open and for a brief period
after they are gone.

Classification by Color of Leaf

A DEFINITE plant character, very easily seen in most
varieties possessing it and of great value in identifying
garden varieties of Iris, is coloration of the bases of the leaves.
(This character appears more valuable in the identification of
varieties which show it plainly than the red coloration of the leaf
margins mentioned by W. R. Dykes in the Genus Iris as distinc-
tive of the variety Kharput; or for distinguishing var. Rubro
marginata from others of the Mellita group, mentioned in The
Garden No\. LXXX1 1, No. 2450, Nov., 1918, by thesame writer.)
Since 1908, when I first noticed that a number of varieties were
purple at the leaf-base, I have kept this plant character steadily
under observation and have found that the amount of color in
varieties varies considerably, but, whenever present, it remains
constant throughout the year. Also I am led to conclude

1U'

that leaf coloration is much less influenced by soil and
climate than it is commonly thought to be. The presence
of anthocyanin, a pigment, in the cell sap is the real cause of
such coloration.

In his article: “ Mendelian Characters in Bearded Irises,”
(, Journal of the Royal H orticultural Society, Vol. XLV, pp. 289,
292; 1920), Mr. A. J. Bliss of Morwellham, England, shows that
the coloration of the leaf base is definitely inherited in Mendelian
ratios, and is not linked with any particular flower color. I
have, however, observed that in some instances small divisions,
or weak plants of a number of varieties having colored leaf bases
show less coloration than strong plants of standard size, and at
times none at all until they have become well rooted and made a
growth approaching normal size.

Here then is a definite plant character very easily seen in most
varieties possessing it, which is very valuable in identification
of the varieties in the garden, and in a key to facilitate the tracing
down of unknown varieties, and in descriptions in order to make
actual identification more certain.

Among the very best varieties at present are a considerable
number which show this character plainly. A few are
listed below under the color groups as arranged in System
Five.

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Group I. Flowers white in general effect

Mrs. H. Darwin (Foster), Rhein Nixe (Goos & Koenemann)
Tristram (Bliss), Thorbeck
Group 11. Flowers yellow in general effect

Loreley (Goos & Koenemann), Marsh Marigold, and Omega (Bliss),
Sherwin Wright (Kohankie), Maori King
Group 111. Flowers blue to violet in general effect
Azure (Bliss), Lugarda (Sturtevant), aphylla
Group IV. Flowers red to pink in general effect
Monsieur Aymard, and T roost (Denis)

Group V. Flowers with blended colors

Cretonne, Dusky Maid, and Romany (Bliss), Mme. Cheri (Sturte-
vant), Dejazet (Vilmorin), Quaker Lady (Farr), A. E. Kunderd
(Fryer), Jacquiniana (Lemon), Niebelungen and Peacock’s Eye
(Goos & Koenemann)

die:

In addition to the varieties listed above, Prestige (Sturtevant)
in Group 1 1; Avalon (Sturtevant), and Sybil in Group IV; Dora
Longden and Mrs. Cowley (Bliss), Dalila (Denis), and Dalmarius
in Group V. have some coloration of basal leaves.

The coloration of the variety Cretonne (Bliss) is very strong
and extends well up on the leaves to the flowering stems and
spathe valves. This is true also for Iris aphylla described by
W. R. Dykes in The Garden, September 28th, 1918, page 363.
R. S. Sturtevant also mentions (The Garden Magazine, Vol.
XXXI I, No. 2. pp. 103), the enhanced decorative effect of
Lugarda and A. E. Kunderd due to the coloration of the
leaf bases. This suggests the possibility of producing a
variety with the leaves largely or entirely purple, which would
increase the effectiveness of Iris foliage throughout the
season.

Coloration of leaf base as a practical guide is readily appre-
ciated when it is known that Albicans (non-colored base),
Mrs. H. Darwin (colored base), White Knight (non-colored
base), Thorbeck (colored base), La Neige (non-colored base),
Rhein Nixe (colored base), and Kashmir White (non-colored
base) — all white varieties in general effect — may be planted in
the order named with no reason for making mistakes when plants
are removed at other than flowering time, even should one or
more of the markers be removed by accident. Likewise, Aurea
(non-colored base), Sherwin Wright (colored base), and Mrs.
Neubronner (non-colored base), may be planted in the order
named in rows or bed, and the separation can be made without
difficulty out of flowering season though the markers are lost.
This may suggest other uses in nurseries and in private
gardens.

Every lover and grower of Iris likes to be able to call the in-
habitants of his garden by name. Careful study of plant charac-
ters throughout the season will enable him to do this; of the
various points on which identification may be based none is more
constant than the color of leaf base. The system which 1 have
found very useful will, I hope, prove equally serviceable toothers.

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The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

249

SYSTEM ONE — As proposed by A. J. Bliss
in The Garden, Feb. 7, 1920:

Class I — White — 1. White seifs; 2. White
ground plicatas; 3. Amoenas (Thorbeck.)
Class II — Bicolors — 1. Blue neglectas ( Black
Prince, Perfection.);

2. Red neglectas {Monsignor.)

3. Blue pallida bicolors ( Onflamme .)

4. Red pallida bicolors.

Class III — Purple Selfs — 1. Blue seifs {pallida
Dalmatica): 2. Red seifs {Caprice or Queen
of May.)

Class IV — Blends (squalens) — 1. Light.

2. Dark (Alcazar): 3. Red ( facquini -
ana); 4. Yellow (Eldorado).

Class V — Yellow — 1. Variegata; 2. Yellow
ground plicata; 3. Yellow seifs.

SYSTEM TWO — From 1919 Catalogue of R.
Wallace Sr Co.:

Subdivided into April, May, and June
flowering.

Class I — White seifs.

Class II — White feathered with purple (plicata.)

(a) Color confined to margins of stand-
ards ( Mme . Chereau.)

(b) Color suffused through standards
(Parisiana.)

Class 1 1 1 — S.wbile or slightly tinted. F. purple

(amoena.)

Class IV — Purple Bicolors.

Class V — Purple Selfs, (a) Lavender (Albert
Victor), (b) Blue-purple (Brionensis ) ( c )

Red purple (Caprice.)

Class VI —Yellow Selfs.

Class VII — S. yellow. F. purple, (a) S. pale,
(Gajus). (b) S. deep (Honourable.)

Class VIII — Shot shades, (a) Yellow predom-
inating (Eldorado.) (b) Lavender predomin-
ating (Nuce d’Orage.) (c) Purple bronze
effect (Alcazar.)

Class IX. — Lilac and rose shades. (Her Maj-
esty, Isoline.)

Group I.

proposed by C. H.

Hall, Pennsylvania :

Class A— White:

1. Blade of Standards uniform coloring
(self.)

(a) F. uniform coloring; (1) self; (2)
bicolors, velvety or non-velvety.

(b) F. marked or shaded throughout,
with light or dark borders. (Rhein Nixe.)

2. Blade of Standards marked or shaded,
(a) F. uniform, etc. (b) F. marked or
shaded similar or different from the
standards. (Mme. Chereau.)

Class B — Yellow; C. Red ; D. Blue; E. Bronze
and Gray effects, each class divided as in
Class A.

SYSTEM FOUR — As proposed by R. S.
Sturtevant in The Garden, fan. 31, 1920.

Class I— Self. (In effect.)

A. White; B. Yellow; C. Pink, clear or crude;
D. Lavender, light or dark; E. Blend, pink,
yellow, or lavender predominating. ( After-
glow, Queen Alexandra.)

Class II — Bicolors.

A — Blade of Fall unveined, velvety or not
velvety, (facquini ana.)

B — Blade of Fall veined, velvety or not
velvety.

Class III — Plicata.

A — S. Veined throughout. (Mrs. G. Reuthe.)
B — S. Margined. (Jeanne d’ Arc.)

C — S. Inconspicuously marked. (Pancroft.)
Minor divisions on white, lavender, yellow
or blended grounds.

SYSTEM FIVE, as proposed by A. C. Arnv.
Each main subdivision is separated into
Early-flowering, Medium-flowering, or Late-
flowering; and Dwarf. Medium-height, or Tall,
as needed. Character of stems, whether
straight, much or little branched; color and
texture of spathe valves; distribution of color
on the parts of the flower; size, shape and atti-
tude 01 the segments; velvety or non-velvety,
are all used, as found convenient.

(System Five) Flowers white in general effect.

A. Flowers white or inconspicuously marked.

B. Foliage green throughout. Albicans, Kashmir white.
B B. Foliage colored at the base, Mrs. H. Darwin.

A A. Flowers conspicuously marked.

B. Color forming a pattern, Jeanne d’Arc. Parisiana.

B B. Color occupying the greater rart or entire fall.

Systems for Classification of Bearded Iris

SYSTEM THREE— As

C. Foliage green throughout, Victorine, Anne Leslie.

C C. Foliage colored at base, Rhein Nixe, Tristram.

Group II. Flowers Yellow in general effect.

A. Flowers yellow or inconspicuously marked.

B. Foliage green throughout, A urea. Shekina.

B B. Foliage colored at base, Sherwin Wright.

A A. Flowers conspicuously marked.

B. Color forming a pattern. Pancroft, Onnoris.

B B. Color occupying the greater part or entire fall.

C. Foliage green throughout, Gajus. Knysna.

C C. Foliage colored at base, Loreley, Marsh Marigolc.

Group III. Flowers blue to violet in general effect.

A. Blue predominating.

B. Standards and falls of the same tone.

C. Foliage green throughout, Glori de Hillegom,

C C. Foliage colored at base.*

B B. Standard lighter than the falls.

C. Foliage green throughout. Blue Jay.

C C. Foliage colored at base. Azure.

A A. Violet predominating.

B. Standards and falls of the same tone.

C. Foliage green throughout, Edward-Michel.

C C. Foliage colored at base.*

B B. Standards lighter than the falls.

C. Foliage green throughout. Archeveque.

C C. Foliage colored at base, Lugarda. •

Group IV. Flowers red to pink in general effect.

A. Red predominating.

B. Standards and falls of the same tone.

C. Foliage green throughout.*

C C. Foliage colored at base.*

B B. Standards lighter than the falls.

C. Foliage green throughout.*

C C. Foliage colored at base.*

A A. Pink predominating.

B. Standards and falls of the same tone.

C. Foliage green throughout. Queen of May.

C C. Foliage colored at base, Avalon (lightly colored).

B B. Standards lighter than the falls.*

C. Foliage green throughout. Her Majesty.

C C. Foliage colored at base.*

Group V. Flowers of blended colors.

A. Yellow predominating in the standards.

B. Foliage green throughout, Tangiers.

B B. Foliage colored at base, Niebelungen, Dusky Maid.

A A. Yellow prominent in the standards but not predominating.

B. Foliage green throughout. Queen Alexandra.

B B. Foliage colored at the base, Quaker Lady.

AAA. Blue and violet predominating.'

B. Foliage green throughout. Alcazar, Lent A. Williamson.

B B. Foliage colored at base, Jacquiniana.

A A A A. Red and Pink predominating.

B. Foliage green throughout. Afterglow.

B B. Foliage colored at base.*

*More accurate checking of colors of varieties wili permit placing them in proper color groups.

HARMONY OF FLOWER AND VASE

ST IS just as important to put the right flower in the right
vase as to put both in the right room. There is very
little excuse for disfiguring containers of any sort nowa-
days when bowls and dishes, jars and glasses, short and
tall, slim and squat, patterned and plain, and of every con-
ceivable hue and all sorts of finishes, await the judicious pur-
chaser. Every room where flowers are used should have one or
two, at least, as an integral part of its furnishing, a bit of con-
centrated color affording either a focus for the keynote color or
emphasizing it through contrast.

Whatever the style of your room there is no difficulty in find-
ing the fitting vase: in vivid tones — rose, yellow, blue, bright
green — the Chinese; from England lovely subdued lusterware,
delicate and elusive in coloring, iridescent, singularly alluring.
Across the waters from Copenhagen comes faience and pure
porcelain, excellently designed and finely executed. Some of the
larger porcelains are, literally, unique works of art, of a sort
especially cherished by the lover of nature, for their decorations
of landscapes, animal life, or floral forms are all rendered with
insight and skill.

For the buyer whose creed is “America first” our domestic
potteries offer a wide selection of vases, varied and good in type.
Whatever one’s purse or one’s taste somewhere satisfaction may
be found !

Quite the simplest and most interesting flower arrangement I
recall having seen was an apple branch erect in a shallow bowl.
1 had never before realized the beauty and decorative quality
of mere leaves, so completely does the glorified Apple tree of
blossom- and fruit-time, always an arresting sight, overshadow
the Apple tree of modest, mid-summer garb. No need to guess
its origin — subtle oriental fingers had plainly done the placing,
and in her servitor my fortunate friend had an artist as well.

To achieve equally happy results it is not necessary to strip
our orchards, to hire Japanese housemen, or even to copy Japa-
nese flower arrangements, superlatively lovely though they be.
That particular table decoration charmed because it was a genu-
ine expression of that particular little yellow man’s sense of fit-
ness, a studied presentation, not a haphazard affair. This is the
real lesson to be learned from the Japanese; with them flower
arrangement is not an accident but an art, a language, a means
of expression.

To treat the decorative use of flowers with a similar high-
mindedness does not imply imitation, but on the contrary
necessitates the development of a method strikingly our own.
We are so unlike the Oriental, so infinitely less simple and
less subtle, that a form of expression satisfying to him, though
appreciated by us, would not be our natural speech — even a
superficial comparison of the Occidental and the Oriental arts
makes this immediately apparent.

The loveliness of many a flower has been dimmed or wholly
obliterated by being jammed into a squat vase with a lot of
jostling, unseemly neighbors when it should, in a tall slender
glass, have soared superbly alone! Many a charming room
has had its restful placidity disturbed bva mass of squalling color
violently introduced from out of doors! It really seems a pity to
squander the possibilities of beauty needlessly; very few things,
growing things at least, are in themselves ugly, it is faulty
juxtaposition that makes them so. We give unstinted thought
to the planning of our gardens, to creating impressive “color
combinations,” effective “backgrounds” and what not — an
equally serious consideration of the final disposition of the
blossoms for which we take so much pains to create a happy
outdoor environment might achieve an equally pleasing indoor
arrangement.

250

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

Mattie Edwards Hewitt., Photo

AN ARRANGEMENT IN SIMPLICITY APPROACHING THE JAPANESE

In a composition of this character the vase is, quite obviously, as
important a feature as the Eorsythia and Snapdragon which, in this
case, complete the picture; and a careful selection repays one richly

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

251

CLEMATIS ARRANGED BY
ALBERT HERTER

It is quite evident that trained
and sympathetic fingers have
here been at work preserving
nature’s light-hearted artifice
when she created this fragrant,
fairylike, flowering vine. Those
who regard flower arrangement
as no mean art find inspiration
in studying it first-hand out of
doors

FORMALITY THAT
PLEASES

This balanced design is pre-
served from rigidity by the
curving sweep of stem and by
the interestingly varied leaf
and blossom shapes

Jessie Tarbox Beals, Photo.

252

The Garden Magazine, June, 192T

Stadler Co., Photc.

BASKET OF COPENHAGEN FAIENCE

Creamy in tone and decorated with pure,
bright colors, it is delightful when filled
Jessie Tarbox Beals, Photo. with Corn-flowers and a Calendula or two

NARCISSUS POETICUS PEER-
ING AT ITS OWN REFLECTION

DOMESTIC POTTERY

In color cucumber green
with yellow lining, this
quaintly shaped vase seems
literally made for our fa-
vorite Nasturtium!

Mattie Eduards llewitt. Photo.

A SILVER DISH FOR DAFFODILS

FOR THE LOVER OF ROSES

Suitable for many purposes this low
silver dish, richly embossed, is particu-
larly lovely so used on a dining-table

So arranged the Rose has every
chance to display its beauty
of foliage as well as of flower

7

A GARDEN FOR
THE DISPLAY OF IRISES

LOUISE BEEBE WILDER

Planning for Next Year’s Iris Garden While Irises are
Abloom — Variations and Combinations Innumerable
Suggested by a Lover and Grower of Iris Whose
Word Carries Weight

50 MAKE the acquaintance of the Iris in even a modest
way is at once to become imbued with the ardor of the
collector, and shortly afterward to be confronted with
the embarrassment of one’s riches and with the question
of what to do with them.

It is not possible to be satisfied for long with the space avail-
able for the accommodation of this flower of flowers in the beds
and borders of a general garden where so many other plants
i must find a place. One is soon brought to the distressing neces-
sity of imposing the fate of the wild flower, “ born to blush un-
seen,” upon all sorts of rarities and royalties; sticking bits of
i newly acquired Iris treasure into out-of-the-way or unsuitable
places; and ousting entirely, perhaps, some worthy old friends;
, all because it has not been foreseen to what lengths, or numbers,
i one’s infatuation would carry one, and proper preparation made.

Long ago the separate Rose Garden solved the problem of
man’s passion for Roses and more Roses, and it would seem
to-day that we are in such case that only a similar provision for
Irises will enable us satisfactorily to indulge our ever increasing
i interest in this great family of enchanting personalities.

A border, or an entire garden, devoted to growing Irises under
; the most favorable conditions, physical and artistic, has become
I for many of us a most pressing need. Such a garden should
be so placed as to be inconspicuous during the period when there
t are no Irises to bloom; but from April well into July it would be
full of beauty and interest, and as our knowledgeand understand-
i ing of rare species and varieties increase, and the attention of
' the Iris hybridists turns toward giving us later flowering, or
I second-flowering sorts, this period will be greatly extended.

The plan given in no way assumes to have exhausted the
i possibilities of such an enterprise — each must approach the
| problem from the point of his personal requirements and the
r' space available. My effort is to suggest a type of garden that
I might easily be reproduced in an out-of-the-way portion of the
j grounds and screened from the general view, that would provide
I opportunity for growing a good many species and varieties under
I congenial and becoming conditions.

In explanation of the plan I would say that the central bed
about the pool (A) is devoted to the moisture-loving spe-
cies; the surrounding circle (B) to the Intermediates; the beds
marked (C) to varioust all species; the square beds (D) to
members of the squalens and variegata sections of the tall
Bearded Irises whose unusual color schemes make them difficult
to place; the narrow beds (E) are assigned to the dwarfs, and
the wider outer borders (F) to a general planting of early and
late tall, bearded varieties. The plants shown on the plan all
may be grown without extraordinary care or preparation, and
are such as any one may acquire without risking his everlasting
solvency. The bed about the pool will need to be of deep, rich
soil; and if the pool may be so constructed as to over-flow in one
•or two places, so much the better for the moisture-loving tenants.
For the rest, good garden soil, devoid of fresh manure, is all that
is required, save plenty of sunshine.

IT WILL be noted that other plants than Irises are indicated
on the plan. They, however, are quite subordinate in the
part they play, being chosen entirely for their fitness to empha--

size the beauty of form and color of the Iris flowers. These,
like any forms of beauty, are greatly enhanced when seen against
the foil of a well chosen background, or when some near-by con-
trasting form serves to accentuate the nobility of their own
modeling. No set color-scheme has been followed on the plan;
my attempt has been simply to make a harmonious grouping of
the best moderate-priced Irises known to me with such plants and
shrubs of their season as will best throw their beauty into relief.

“All concord’s born of contraries” in the garden as elsewhere,
thus the Lupin has long been recognized as the perfect accom-
paniment for the tall Bearded Irises — its spreading foliage and
slender flower-spike furnishing the ideal complement for the
sword-like leaves and winged blossoms of the Iris. To search
out these flower affinities is a most delightful occupation. My
own observations and experiments in behalf of the Iris have
resulted in some happy conclusions which I give in the hope of
being helpful to other Iris-lovers. Plants appropriately grown
among the tall Bearded Irises are Lupins; Thalictrum aquilegi-
folium, T. cornuti, T. glaucum; Thermopsis Carolina (early June)
and T. montana (late May), both with pale yellow flower-spikes
not unlike Lupin; Veronica amethystina (syn. spuria), flowers
bright blue in spikes; Valeriana officinalis; Baptisia australis,
B. tinctoria; Elymus glaucus (syn. arenarius); Geranium san-
guineum, G. grandiflorum and G. ibericum; Salvia pretensis,
the Meadow Sage, rather coarse of leaf, but its crowding flower-
spikes give fine blocks of deep blue color useful among the yellow
Irises. Oriental Poppies are a favorite accompaniment to June
Irises; and while the respective blossoms are rather out of scale,
their colors appear to have been mixed with a special view to
felicitous association. Single Peonies, too, which bloom earlier
than the double sorts, are well placed in the neighborhood of the
larger-flowered Irises. A spreading mass of silver-gray Lyme
Grass (Elymus) forming a foreground for groups of Iris pallida
dalmatica and pink single Peonies is one of June’s rarest manifes-
tations in my garden.

Mr. Morrison suggests the glowing possibility of Irises and
Azaleas, and from Mrs. McKinney came the delightful hint of
Iris Mrs. Alan Grey with a foreground of Phlox divaricata.

Cottage and Darwin Tulips may be freely used among the
Intermediate Irises and the May-flowering germanicas, and early
or Dutch Tulips and Daffodils among the dwarf Irises. These
rise delightfully-from a setting of such low-spreading plants as
Arabis, Aubrietia, and creeping Phlox. Foxgloves accord pleas-
antly with the blue and white forms of I. orientalis, and golden
Trollius may also be used in these groups. 1 must confess never
to have found a very effective associate for the Japanese Iris;
the great, gorgeous creatures seem to demand a monopoly of the
stage during their season. But I once saw at a flower show a very
fine grouping of a deep blue Japanese I ris and a soft pink Astilbe,
said to be named America, that might well be carried out in the
garden.

The best edging that I know for borders of May and June
Irises is composed of irregular stretches of Nepeta Mussini,
Stachys lanata, and the old double white Pink, Dianthus fim-
briatus, that may be raised from seed in quantity at little ex-
pense. These create a neutral setting that helps to reconcile
the most striking associations within the border.

•253

254

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

Many charming shrubs and trees offer themselves as a back-
ground for the Iris borders. 1 have long enjoyed the splendid
effect of Iris pallida dalmatica against Paul’s Scarlet (crimson)
Thorn; of another tall pallida Iris, Juniata perhaps, reaching
upward toward the golden pendent chains of the common
Laburnum; of I. florentina just clearing the pink skirts of
Malus ioensis (Bechtel s Double-flowering American Crab), with
Tulip Pride of Haarlem in the offing. The pale yellow Inter-
mediates are lovely against Persian Lilacs, whose pinky-purple
blooms sweep from top to toe of the bushes; the purple german-
icas glow against snowy wreaths of Spiraea Vanhouttei with

sparks of orange colored Tulips near by; and besides these we
have white Hawthorn, the many fine forms of Philadelphus,
Deutzia, and Weigela, Rhodotypus kerrioides, Golden Privet,
purple Barbary — fine as a back-ground for some of the light pink
Irises, Box and other Evergreens; and for the June flowering
sorts in particular, such free-growing Roses as Madame Plantier,
Harisoni, and Stanwell’s Perpetual.

The best time for planting and transplanting most Irises is
during July and August, immediately after the flowering season
is over and before the new rhizomes form; spaces may be left
among them for the later setting of the other plants and shrubs.

PLANTING PLAN FOR A GARDEN WHERE IRISES REIGN

All sorts of fascinating possibilities are here presented which may be worked out wholly or in part depending upon the individual
taste of the planter, the space, and the amount of material at his, or her, disposal. The various plantings are in every case
arranged to accent the dominance of the Iris and only such associates selected as fittingly “play up” to this queen of blooms

THE OLD GARDENS OF PENNSYLVANIA

VIII.— AWBURY ARBORETUM
GERMANTOWN, PHILADELPHIA,

JOHN W. HARSHBERGER

Professor of Botany, University of Pennsylvania

[BOUT sixty years ago there was established a collection
of trees by the foresight of Thomas P. Cope, who wished
to beautify his private place known as Awbury. Ed-
win C. Jellett, the historian of “Gardens and Gardeners
of Germantown” (1914), gives an interesting statement of its
origin. “Awbury,” he writes, “extending from Haines Street
to Washington Lane, east of Chew Street, is one of the largest,
one of the finest, and on account of its family life, the most in-
teresting of many home estates. It is like a great park, abound-
ing with walks, drives, rare shrubs, trees, and richly stored gar-
dens. It is the home of the Cope, Haines, Emlen, and Lewis
families, all related by birth or marriage, and of all the experi-
ments in so named community life, to me Awbury is the most
practical and beautiful. Awbury has had many gardeners,
among them Peter McGowan; but shortly before his death, the
late Francis R. Cope wrote me: ‘William Saunders completed
the laying out of our grounds at Awbury, but much of the work
had been done under the supervision of my brother, Thomas
P. Cope, before Saunders came to Germantown.’”

In the sixty years since their establishment, the trees and
shrubs, have reached a large size, and the interspaces have been
closed up by the meeting of the branches overhead and by the
growth of the shrubbery underneath. The lapse of time has
demonstrated that the original planting was well done, for there

PA.

The figures in the
map indicate the
locations of the
gardens and their
sequence in the
series

are many beautiful vistas, some of them suggesting the best
examples of English park scenery with which those who have
visited the English estates abroad are familiar. This heritage
of tree growth has been threatened for a number of years by the
spread of the urban limits of Germantown and the consequent
building of solid rows of houses.

The Cope family had been for some time considering the ad-
visability of making Awbury a public park, when the undertak-
ing was initiated by a provision in the will of Miss Annette Cope
who died January 8th, 1916. This gift has been increased by the
generosity of Miss Caroline E. Cope and by the action of other
members of the Cope family; its value is more than one third of a
million dollars. Of this sum, more than $ 200,000 , in accordance
with the terms of the gift, has been used in the acquisition of

VIEW OF THE LAWN AT AWBURY

This restful sweep of lawn, girt about by fine trees many of which are part of the original plant-
ing made more than a half century ago, is one of the delights afforded the visitor to Awbury

255

256

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

WHERE WISTERIA HAS HAD ITS WAY

The house standing in the Awbury Arboretum is perhaps best seen in May
when this lusty Wisteria, clambering unchecked, is fragrantly abloom

twenty-odd acres of the Cope property and of two acres of ad-
joining houses (sufficiently described by the name “ McNabb-
town”), now demolished. A formal agreement has been made
with the City Parks Association, providing for a committee of
seven to manage the park. The committee of management,
appointed by Miss Caroline E. Cope — the donor of an endow-
ment fund of Si 00,000 — consists of members of the Cope family
and of the City Parks Association.

Improvements have been begun on the twenty-seven acres
forming the present Awbury Arboretum under the skillful direc-
tion of Prof. Arthur W. Cowell, Landscape Architect at State
College, Pennsylvania. Rather than disturb the original plant-
ing of Awbury — simple in both plan and material — the present
director has merely removed the robber trees and shrubs and
laid out walks to connect the most interesting parts of the ar-
boretum and open up the vistas in different directions. Especial
care has been given to the growing of plants bv families. Rose
gardens are to be established along Chew Street where McNabb-
town once stood. Other groups will be established such as
Willows, Alders, Poplars, etc., in the neighbourhood of the little
stream which will feed a small pond soon to be placed along the
western border of the plantation. A Rhododendron vale is also
planned. Already many new trees and shrubs have been
planted, all carefully tagged with zinc labels bearing the common
name, botanical name (and authority), the natural habitat, the
source of the material, and the date of planting. The older trees
will be labeled subsequently. The nomenclature adopted by
the Committee upon Standardized Plant Names will be used.
The best source for such general information will be found in the
six volumes of the “Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture’’
edited by Prof. L. H. Bailey. The Awbury Committee has
been careful to allow for future development and to arrange the
placing of masses, new grading, foot paths and drives in keeping

with the plan and idea of
the older parts which they
are intended to join and
amplify.

A ramble about the re-
cently established arbore-
tum reveals a number of
noteworthy trees planted
long ago which will remain
for some years to charac-
terize Awbury as one of the
most beautifully developed
estates in America. On the
lawn near the railroad sta-
tion entrance is a fine sym-
metrical Copper Beech (Fa-
gus sylvatica purpurea) and
on the other lawns forming
part of the original demesne
are specimens of the Yellow-
wood (Cladrastis lutea). A
tall Mossy-cupOak(Ouercus
macrocarpa) is one of the
valuable trees which have
reached noble proportions
in sixty years. The closer
growths have developed into
woods, the border of which
has been improved by the
removal of robber trees and
shrubs also known as weed
trees, which not only prevented the proper growth of the really
valuable trees, but also destroyed the vistas of open fields and
curving woodland. A few of the trees noted as having reached
fine proportions are the White Pine (Pinus strobus), Hemlock
(Tsuga canadensis), White Mulberry (Morus alba). Tulip-trees
(Liriodendron tulipifera), Kentucky Coffee-tree (Gymnocladus
canadensis). Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos), Tree of Hea-
ven (Ailanthus glandulosa), Sweet Gum (Liquidambar styraci-
flua) and such Maples as the Norway (Acer platanoides).
Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus), Sugar Maple (Acer sac-
charum), White Maple (Acer saccharinum), and forms of the
Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum). Several kinds of Magnolias
are also found. The shrubbery, too, is diversified, but an enu-
meration of all the bushes at Awbury would form a very con-
siderable list.

The lack of continuity of purpose from which so many old
places in and near our large American cities have suffered, for-
tunately will not afflict Awbury, now that it has passed into the
safe keeping of the City Parks Association, whose policy will
undoubtedly be a consistent one.

The arboretum is fortunate also in having an endowment fund
to provide for its maintenance which is not subject to the fickle-
ness characteristic of most city councils owing to the frequent
change in their political complexion. Bartram Garden has
suffered neglect because it has been difficult to secure money
sufficient for its maintenance from the city government in whose
hands the old garden has fallen. Cooperation on the part of
the various gardening and civic organizations in Philadelphia
will result in a pooling of interests so that projects similar to that
of Awbury will be inaugurated. Philadelphia has unrivaled facil-
ities for horticultural teaching and research, and has a remark-
able botanical and horticultural development in prospect, if sup-
port is given to the proposals now suggested for such betterment.

IRISES IN THE CALIFORNIA GARDEN

SYDNEY B. MITCHELL

University of California

Regional Vice-President of the American Iris Society

Many of the New Hybrids as Well as the Older Varie-
ties Readily Adaptable to West Coast Conditions

J^gTNTIL recently it might be said that, in general, tall
P|l Bearded Irises throve equally well on Atlantic or
N/ Pacific coasts. To those with experience in both it
r%f was, of course, noticeable that the pallida and trojana
groups, coming from the warm Mediterranean countries, were
exceedingly vigorous in California, while Irises of the variegata.
section, native to Austria, were less happy than in the East or
[ North. Indeed two of these, 1. aurea (variegata) and Maori
King, can hardly be induced to grow for any length of time in our
dry climate. But the introduction of cypriana, mesopotamica,
and its variety Ricardi from warm, dry Asia Minor, and their
use in breeding for large size and taller growth, has resulted in
seedlings often ill-adapted to the cold and moisture of the eastern
United States chiefly because of their fall growth of foliage.
Some of these are now being offered by growers who imported
stock from Europe, and others will follow shortly. California
gardeners should watch for them, as they do wonderfully under
our conditions. The following are all worthy of note:

i. mesopotamica — A huge spreading flower with soft blue
standards and purple-blue falls. The flower is, to me, rather
coarse and not of the best shape, and its tall stem is often
twisted, but it has a long blooming season, beginning in March.
Those interested in breeding Iris for California and the south-
west will find it a wonderful parent. Mrs. J. Dean in the
. southern part of the state and Mr. William Mohr in the north
have found it of great value. The latter, crossing it with such
older Bearded Iris as Juniata, Oriflamme, and Parisiana, has
raised seedlings of taller and more vigorous growth and larger
flowers than I have seen outside of the related Ricardi hybrids.
The stems are straight
and stiff and flowers
are generally of good
form though in color
still confined to blue,
lavender, lilac, and
mauve. These are not
yet in commerce, and
probably will not be
introduced until still
further improved.

i. ricardi is a va-
riety of mesopotamica
used by M. Ferdinand
Denis in breeding Iris
adapted to southern
France. M. Denis
raised many other
Bearded Irises not re-
markable for size, but
his Ricardi hybrids
are in a class by them-
selves on account of
their extreme vigor,
tall stems, and large
flowers. Of these 1 can
recommend the fol-
lowing for California
gardens:

Madame Durand —

Standards are putty color flushed mauve, falls like a paler
Eldorado, a six-inch flower on a very tall branched stem. It
is absolutely distinct, its huge flowers like waving banners, very
effective in the garden and also, because of their unusual color,
attractive when cut.

Le Verrier — Similar in growth and size but a pink-toned
bicolor. Standards are light lavender pink, falls rose. Not
quite so striking, yet very fine.

Mile. Schwarti — A tall, floriferous pinkish lavender self.
This does well in northern France and England, so may be satis-
factory in the eastern United States. Not unlike Miss Sturte-
vant’s Queen Caterina. Arsace (Denis) is also a good deal like
it.

M. Claude Monet — A cross between Ricardi and Kochii,
of tall growth with large spreading flower of Kochii color but
somewhat veined at base of falls, a novelty valued for its size
and rich color.

Ricardi Fonce — Standards light violet, falls darker, with tall,
flexuous stem and large flowers, but not so attractive or unusual
in color as some others. This grows vigorously and increases
rapidly.

J. B. Dumas — Not as tall or quite as large as other Ricardi
hybrids I have seen, but still much the largest of its color. It
is a pink near Her Majesty in shade, but with a cream throat
veined bronze.

Troost — A large, heavily veined pink flower, is worth a trial
though it lacks the tall growth of the other Ricardi hybrids and
though its poorer substance detracts from its character.

Hautfeuille — A nice red violet in two shades; can be recom-

1RIS UNGUICULARIS

The Iris stylosa of trade; the lovely blooms here pictured
were grown in the Dean Iris Gardens at Moneta, California

mended as desirable,
but though it is
classed in this section
it has neither the large
flowers nor the very
tall growth charac-
teristic of the best
Ricardi hybrids.

OF THE many
hybrids from
the garden of the late
Sir Michael Foster
some may be grown
anywhere, but where
cypriana, a relative of
mesopotamica, is one
of the parents, they
seem to be more uni-
formly satisfactory in
California. Of these
Caterina is the best
known. Its large, very
fragrant, lavender
flowers veined bronze
at base of falls are
somewhat bluer than
pallida dalmatica. In
California it grows
very strongly, blooms

257

258

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

IRIS BULLEYANA

A recently introduced species of
the sibirica group, similar in form
to orientalis though in color and
marking quite different

IRIS SPURIA

This variety, known in the trade
as Iris gueldenstaedtiana, finds
favorable conditions of growth
in California. Not a large flower
(specimen shown on right is about
two-thirds natural size) it is never-
theless a most interesting type

well and for a long time, and is
quite striking massed by itself. Those
interested in raising seedlings will
find it a good parent.

Lady Foster has unusually large,
finely finished flowers of similar color-
ing. With me it is a strong, erect
grower with a beautifully branched
habit, giving a pannicle rather than
a spike of flowers. Should 1 be con-
demned to the awful fate of being
allowed to grow only a dozen Irises,

1 would choose this to be one of
them.

Kashmir IVbite in growth and size
rather resembles Denis’ Ricardi hy-
brids. In California it is far finer than
any other white, taller, more branch-
ing, and of better texture. Until
stock can be grown many will have
to try Kashmiriana (syn. Miss IVill-
mott) as a substitute. It is a similar
seedling, not as tall or as pure a
white. With me it has been a good bloomer.

TWO groups of Iris which should be more grown in Cali-
fornia, as conditions are so favorable, are the Stylosas and
Spurias. Ins stylosa (syn. unguicularis) is distinctly a winter-
blooming species. Planted preferably in late summer, a clump
when established will give dozens of its beautiful, beardless
flowers. It begins in October if it is watered or we get early
rains and will continue to bloom until well into the new year.
There are several varieties, the best perhaps being the lilac-blue
type, though the white form, with its golden blotch, somewhat
like Morea irioides, is very nice. Speciosa blooms much later
than the type, and is consequently less valuable. The long
perianth tube, often six to twelve inches, acts as a substitute for
a stem, and 1. stylosa may therefore be used for cutting at a
season when blue flowers are very rare. Culture is simple for
they thrive under the same conditions as the tall Bearded Iris.

If their long, grassy foliage is cut back
to the ground in July, nice clean growth
will follow, improving their appear-
ance in the garden and giving the
flowers a much better chance to be
seen. They are interestingly used in
quantity as a driveway border, a posi-
tion for which their graceful, droop-
ing foliage well fits them.

Books and articles about Iris often
emphasize the love of water of the
Spuria group, yet around San Fran-
cisco Bay I have seen huge clumps of
Orientalis gigantea (syn. ochroleuca)
with dozens of tall flower stems and
never a drop of water all summer.
This is the tallest of the section and
its white flowers with deep yellow
blotch are quite effective in the gar-
den and equally so cut, with their four
or five foot stems.

Other less common but perhaps
more attractive ones are Monneiri,
a large lemon-yellow flower; Aurea, deep golden yellow
in a wider, shorter bloom with waved margins, and Mon-
spur, with attractive blue flowers of narrow, graceful shape.
None of these are as vigorous as orientalis, and, as they increase
rather slowly, they are not as readily obtainable. They enjoy
rich soil and heavy waterings when growing in spring and should
be left alone as they bloom well only when established. Un-
like most Iris, which move best perhaps just after blooming,
these apparently experience least shock if transplanted with the
first autumn rains.

Bulbous Irises and those of the oncocyclus and regelia types
certainly find in California a climate closer to their native one
than when they are grown farther east, but as a result of Quar-
antine 37 only a few Spanish Iris are now offered in American
catalogues. Apparently for the present we shall have to do
without the rarer Bulbous Irises and the wonders of the on-
cocyclus and regelia groups.

IRIS MONSPUR

Not as vigorous as orientalis but an
attractive blue flower of graceful shape

B. Y. Morrison, Photo.

A. A. Ruark, Photo.

PLAYTHINGS FOR
THE ADVENTUROUS IGNORANT

ALICE RATHBONE

Editor’s Note: — Readers of The Garden Magazine who recall Miss Rathbone’s de-
lightful “ Adventures Among The Sedums” (April, 1919) will welcome this latest adventure of
hers among the lowly Sempervivums, and will find refreshment for work-weary spirits in her
whimsical and affectionate description of these newly won garden friends.

ONG live the “live-long” Sempervivums — they of the
order of the rosette! A not improbable wish, since a
specimen of this “ever-living” class of plants is known
to have come back to life after being pressed for eight-
een months in a herbarium.

Once they are established, it is not easy to lose the chic “little
roses” that are too scant trouble to be associated with the word
work, and so we’ve dubbed them garden playthings. We like,
too, to call our Sempervivums by the more familiar name of
Houseleeks as being better suited to their informal use as toys —
very much alive toys, delightful to play with. This delight
is enhanced, it seems to me, if one goes out to trifle with House-
leeks in a childlike state of mental unpreparedness.

1 wonder if I dare so openly confess the heretical attitude of
mind to which this pastime has led me — nothing less, in truth,
than the firmly settled conviction that my woeful lack of House-
leek information more than doubled the fun. What folly to be
wise, indeed, when the proved bliss of ignorance holds the ever-
alluring charm of surprise, the joy of discovery!

How truly thankful was I to be unfamiliar with every detail
of the amazing behavior of which the Houseleek is capable when,
last summer, a series of transformation scenes, staged for con-
tinuous performance in my garden, went forward almost to the
end, before I could at all make out the drift of the mysterious
doings which left a lasting sense of wonderful adventure.

HOUSELEEK TOWER
IN FULL BLOOM

One of the fascinating,
freakish surprises that the
Sempervivums are liable to
spring at any time. (Va-
riety tectorum shown here)

rugged character forbids it. And while they lay no claim to
beauty (in the Rose or Lily sense), their pretty rosettes of vary-
ing green, tipped, in some varieties, with pink or reddish brown,
have a way of making their own appeal, in common with all the
little things that, perhaps because they never grow up, always
seem young, and so, amusing.

Like the Sedums, they have humble charm — albeit less deli-
cately natured than these more graceful and floriferous kindred;
but Sempervivums, too, if grown in their logical setting of stones,
are apt to creep very closely into one’s garden likings as ac-
quaintance with them ripens. Whenever I see one Houseleek
rosette growing apart from its fellows, a newspaper description
of Sir James Barrie comes to mind. It was given by a woman in
Kensington Gardens who was for a time his neighbor, though
she did not know him. “The little man who is all head, ’’was the
manner in which she referred to him, “but a perfect dear.”

DAILY I watched a new, strange upright growth take form
beside my largest Houseleek, a little green tower that rose,
like a miniature campanile, close to the low, slightly domed
Houseleek now transformed into a cathedral itself roofed and
sided, like its campanile, with the overlapping dark green tiles of
Houseleek leaves.

As the tower-like structure grew I half expected to see tiny
bells blossom out in regular order along its sides, after the fashion
of a Chinese pagoda. That might as well happen as anything
else, while this performance was going on and as only the most
preposterous possibilities count in Wonderland, it will hardly do,
perhaps, to state flatly that a pagoda effect could not have been
arranged. What the thing chose to do, however, was different.
Its real object was revealed when flower buds looked out from
the top of the tower, like Sister Anne in the Bluebeard story.
The flowers as they developed seemed to the unaided eye scarce
worthy of the marvelous pedestal created for them, of such a
very dull pink, and so slightly open were they; but under the
microscope what glistening beauty they disclosed, all showered
with dewy particles like an Ice-plant !

When its excuse for being was over, the structure leaned and
at last collapsed like Saint Mark’s campanile at Venice, thus
ending the spectacular career of the little Houseleek tower.

All this was done by the Common Houseleek (Sempervivum
tectorum), best known of its tribe; its popular name of Hen-and-
chickens obviously suggested by the young shoots close clust-
ered around the old rosette. Would that one might grow
real hens and chickens with as little trouble and outlay as these
vegetable fowls cause! For Houseleeks are — such of them as I
know, at least — no trouble at all after their simple needs of
sunshine and poor soil have been attended to. There is, in
short, no trace of fussiness about them. The strength of their

QUITE apart from a mere catalogue of the obvious merits of
Sempervivums (and Sedums, too) is their quality of
domesticity. By whatever means of composite suggest-
ion— whether from their habit of growing upon old-country
housetops, or by the mere power of the very names associated
with them in different sections— some way or other one feels with
Sempervivums, as they settle themselves for life in one’s garden,
that spirit of satisfying performance and peace which broods
over happy, long-established dwelling places. The Houseleek
or Homewort belongs, indeed, so plainly to its own family circle,
on its own particular hearth-stone that it seems out of character
to see it ranged with military precision along perfectly straight
lines. Yet thus are its rosettes most familiarly seen in public
places, outlining designs with rather painful formality. If
allowed to make their own growing arrangements, however,
they add much to the interest of a garden where permanent
edgings of brick or stone are used. In such case, the furnishing'
of corners becomes of especial interest, and a quite successful
effort in that line of business is the result of my busy Houseleeks’
quick response to the idea of informal corner decoration.

On the other hand, here is an instance where the formal may
be said to be the natural way of Sempervivum growth. S.
fimbriatum came from the plantsman a perfect thing, showing
nature in one of her exact moods. The tiny flower-pot was
completely covered with its little roses, of a beautiful green,
one in the centre and six surrounding it, quite in a “ ring around a
rosy” way, delightful to behold. But this, of course, was not its
fixed manner of increase — by ever-extending concentric circles
— and it soon started off at random from the first wreath of
rosettes. Better so, perhaps, else it might have come, in time,
too near in resemblance to an old-fashioned, braided rug, for
appropriate use in a garden.

259

260

The Garden Magazine, June, 192 ,

S. arenarium’s close ar-
rangement of its small ro-
settes is similar to that of
S. fimbriatum, and so is
that of the Cobweb House-
leek, S. arachnoideum,
which spins a filmy web
over its own rosettes. This
wonder is enough to make
the neatest housekeeper
forget the disgrace attend-
ing cobweb bed rooms,
when, as a garden-keeper,
she finds this web-like sub-
stance on her Houseleeks,
and guards it from all
harm as a decoration of
almost unbelievably deli-
cate plant weaving.

Unknown to me by
name is an interesting kind
that has not lived in my
garden long enough to
show its bloom. But it is
itself so flower-like in form
as to remind one, by its
round, closely imbricated
head, of an incurved
Chrysanthemum, the deli-
cate texture of the brown-
tipped scales being more
like petals than leafage.
What its manner of flower-
ing is remains a question
for next year to answer.
I have wondered if the
blossoms may not spring
from the centre of the head

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SEDUMS AND SEMPERVIVUMS

Peaceful co-inhabitants of
Miss Rathbone's garden

SEMPERVIVUM FAUCONNETI
METTENIANUM

A serviceable little plant that sturd-
ily refuses to be handicapped by its
unwieldy title

after the way of French Artichokes.
Happily 1 have no key to help in
solving this pretty problem. Again
the bliss of ignorance is mine!

Contrast to this soft - looking,
daintily formed, nameless Houseleek
is found in S. cornutum, made after
quite a different pattern, and colored a
light, bright green. It attracts atten-
tion by the small, fleshy horns, or blunt
spikes that roughen the rosettes almost
as if a carving tool had been used
upon them.

SEMPERVIVUMS arouse quick in-
terest in garden visitors, whether
these odd plants be familiar or not.
One to whom they were a new order
of growth thought Cactus was being
used so freely in the edgings. Another
likened, at first sight, the form of a
large Houseleek to that of a Water-lily.

The Garden Magazine , June , 1921

Some there are who remember Hen-and-Chickens in old gardens
of the past, and are glad to come again upon them. They are
favorites with children, too. The common folk-name pleases
them, and they like to set the “ Hens ” in their own little gardens.

In one of our village gardens vertical culture is given S. tec-
torum, by inserting plants in holes bored around the sides of a
wooden box. When I first saw it, the box — a receptacle for
thriving pink Geraniums, placed on a tree stump — was fairly
encrusted over all its sides with Houseleeks.

1 really wish the doing-likewise idea were not so attractive —
so persistent with me, in this connection, because of the crowd
of mental reservations accompanying it. Despite many doubts
about its artistic value as a garden ornament, however, the
deed may yet be done. For in a struggle between the pros and
cons, the pros seem likely to come off victors. At the joining of
two paths now stands the bird-bath, an affair of straight-lined
.concrete, its supporting post covered with Ampelopsis Veitchii.
As a balancing feature at the opposite end of the long walk shall
be placed, (1 fear,) the Houseleek box, built upon square lines
and as like the bird-bath in form and color as may be and with
an ivy-covered post to stand upon. Some of the choice Sedums

261

shall fill it perhaps; white-flowered S. album and Stahlii; pink
Sieboldii; the blue of the annual Sedum caeruleum, and the
lovely blue-green foliage of S. lydium glaucum. Sempervivum
Allonii, described as having large rosettes of a light green
shaded violet at base, would, no doubt, add interest to the out-
side planting of the box, by contrast with the deeper green of S.
tectorum.

As the box must be brought indoors for the winter it might
possibly serve a useful, as well as ornamental (?) purpose in
carrying over some of the more tender succulents one might not
otherwise attempt. Should my box plan work out satisfac-
torily, well and good; if it turns out a monstrosity, why it is,
after all, only an amusement easily laid aside.

So truly, indeed, is the sense of play rather than anything
approaching strenuous work felt in dealing with these odd make-
ups of plant-form that they quite naturally take on a toy-like
character in one’s regard, which places them in the curio de-
partment of a collection of succulents. Therefore, it seems to
me, these living curiosities, these garden playthings, provide an
excellent hobby, of moderate pace, for any one with true garden
interest who has a flair for Sempervivums.

O. F. Browning, Photo.

A CORNER IN MISS RATHBONE'S GARDEN

The enterprising Houseleek scrambles enthusiastically hither and thither, obligingly filling odd nooks and
crannies with its tiny, grey-green rosettes. Despite — perhaps because of — its unobtrusiveness it soon be-
comes "fast friends” with every gardener who loves nature best in her less brilliant, humbly busy moments

BEANS THAT DON’T BLIGHT

ADOLPH KRUHM

P,

|OST Bean patches may be likened to a factory working
on a twenty-five to fifty per cent, production basis; and
in this case it is not the fault of the factory but of the
person who manages it.

In common with most vegetables. Beans are just healthy
weeds. They thrive best if left alone — especially during wet or
damp weather. Scores of times during the last twenty years
have I “ shouted ” the warning to other gardeners “ don’t disturb
Bean vines when they are wet”; and have, perhaps, been very
rarely understood.

The Bean plant — I am specifically referring to the Bush Bean,
green or wax-podded — has no inherent physical defects. I he
foliage, however, affords a congenial breeding
and nesting place for several fungous diseases
Three of these cause 99 per cent, of all the
failures with Beans and, for the sake of
brevity, it pleases our gardeners to call
all of them “ blight ”.

Anthracnose, bean rust, and bean leaf
blotch are the three most prevailing
fungous diseases of Beans. The last
two are never a serious menace ex-
cept during exceptionally wet sea-
sons, and the best way to control them
is to give a preventive spraying or two
with bordeaux mixture.

Anthracnose or Bean spot disease is
an entirely different proposition. [In re-
ferring to anthracnose as blight, Mr. Kruhm
but adopts a popular fallacy. Bean blight
proper has not prevailed to any extent in this
country during the past decade. — Editor.] The PICKING TIME

To enjoy growing Beans to the fullest extent, it is well to bear
in mind three things: buy seeds from reliable sources; do some
preventive spraying with bordeaux mixture; select varieties that
bring with them such sturdy constitutions as to be naturally
disease resistant.

Most Desirable Varieties for the Home Patch

IS an established fact that, in exact ratio as a Bean variety
becomes improved in table qualities — brittleness, stringless-
ness, and productiveness — it also becomes afflicted with a more
delicate constitution. This holds good of many of our most pedi-
greed Bush Beans; the exceptions to this are the
leaders that deserve first consideration in select-
ing varieties for your home garden.

have before me a frank expression of
opinion on this subject from one of
America’s foremost Bean specialists. It
proves the above assertion in that it
gives first place in blight and disease
resistance to Hudson Wax, a sort that
has a wonderful constitution, makes
a strong growth, and bears loads of
the handsomest pods you ever saw.
But — it also has the handsomest,
toughest string ever put in a bean,
and for this reason, in my opinion, is
absolutely unfit for the home garden.
Keeney’s Rustless Golden Wax is, per-
haps, the most reliable of the yellow-podded
dwarfs, carrying disease resistance in extraordi-
nary measure. Its short pods, however, do not

fungus is

carried in embryo in the seeds when
planted, hence the need of securing Bean seeds from
reliable sources. Diseased seeds may easily be
picked out from any infected lot since they are generally
marked with small, dark brown spots which are slightly de-
pressed or sunken into the outside coat of the dry bean. An
hour’s soaking in a formalin solution (1 part formalin to 200 of
water) will prove a great preventive of this disease; but why go
to all this trouble when pure uninfected seeds from the best
houses may be bought at 50 cents per pound?

The important thing to remember about all three of these
“blights” to your hopes for big Bean crops is that in ninety
cases out of a hundred you will not be troubled with them, if
you give your Bean patch a wide berth while the foliage is wet.
1 1 makes no difference, whether the moist condition of the foliage
is due to rain, fog, dew or your own irrigation, the very fact that
it is moist furnishes the ideal condition for the fungus spores to
travel.

Long periods of humid, moist weather have spelled the death
of many a row of Beans, even without interference on the part
of the gardener. Insects, animals, even wind splashing about
the rain drops, act as agents to carry the trouble from plant to
plant. While wet weather, therefore, is not responsible for the
diseases, it is during wet periods that conditions are ideal for both
development and spread of the fungus spores.

Any day but a wet
one; then keep away!

compare in size with those of the more beautiful
Sure Crop Wax nor of Round Podded Hardy Wax.

By the very appearance of their thick, leathery,
dark green foliage both of these tell that they are ideally
qualified for home garden use.

Among the green-podded sorts, I am glad to be able to men-
tion Bountiful as first in disease resistance. This is due, perhaps
to its parentage. Those of you who, in years gone by, grew
Long Yellow Six Weeks, will understand that this parentage
alone represents a strong constitution.

Next to Bountiful stands Dwarf Horticultural and, while
there is a stringless strain (very rare as yet), I believe that, ex-
cept for cool, northern sections, no strain of Horticultural will
ever be popular. The pods are not good looking!

On the other hand, hail to the day when we will see a stringless
strain of Sutton’s Masterpiece. Truly a masterpiece in every
way: beautiful, bountiful, disease resistant, yielding an abundant
crop of handsome 8 to 9 inch pods — but with a string to every
one of them! While still young enough to be less than 5 inches
long, Masterpiece is perfectly stringless and when 6 inches long,
compares favorably with Bountiful. To make it ideal, however,
the string will have to be eliminated from the full-grown product.
Who will do it? Here is a chance for the person who is inter-
ested in the improvement of varieties to render a service not
only to the advancement of science but to the housewife as well.

262

SF very special interest to all gardeners is the annual ex-
hibition of the Architectural League of New York!
First because the gardener belongs to the intelligent,
beauty-loving portion of the public, alert for the fine
| in its many forms; more particularly because gardening is not
only an “allied art” but is architecture’s other (and possibly
better) half in that entity “the home.”

Mankind’s readiness to seize upon the evident has resulted in
an over-stressing of the house. It is so necessary, so substantial,
so durable, that the least imaginative mind easily grasps its im-
portance in the scheme of living. The garden, on the other
! hand, must be coaxed and cannot be hurried; it is elusive, fickle,
i and fascinating; it has appeal only for the man of patience and
: of constructive vision, hence has come to be regarded as an
: adjunct to architecture rather than as its partner.

Historically, of course, the garden (in the broadest sense of
the term) came first — man set up a shelter for himself in the
midst of growing things; actually architecture as a conscious,
creative art antedates horticulture. However, the priority of
the one or the other is of slight consequence; what now concerns

us most is their fundamental relationship and interdepend-
ence.

This is convincingly exemplified by their almost hand-in-hand
development: mansard roof and carpet-pattern flower bed were
sloughed simultaneously and both arts have emerged from a
period of stifling conventionality into a freedom based on verity;
both have outlived the crassness of the “newly arrived” and are
achieving the mellowness of the accepted. The deplorable is,
of course, still often found, but after all it seems only fair to
estimate house- and garden-building by what it is striding
toward, not by what it is leaving behind.

There is much to encourage — and to stimulate — the thought-
ful gardener in the Thirty-sixth Exhibition of the Architectural
League of New York open all through the month of April at the
Metropolitan Museum. (Incidentally, one queries whether this
hospitality may not indicate a lifting of the status, a welcoming
of horticulture and architecture into the kinship of the Fine Arts.)

The work of the landscapists is — to the visitor “gardenesque-
ly” inclined — a primary interest, in volume and type reflecting
credit upon the whole body of L. A.’s there represented. The

“VIEW IN THE HEATHER GARDEN”

Happy in conception and handling, this delightful piece of landscaping displays the
possibilities of Heather, here in combination with Azalea, as a material for big uses.
Estate at Oyster Bay, L. I., designed by Olmsted Brothers, (Brookline, Mass.)

263

264

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

swing back to nature, the application of simpler and sounder
principles, less ostentation, and more taste is everywhere ap-
parent. Even plantings somewhat formal in conception, such
as Charles Downing Lay’s delightfully “Livable Garden,’’ have
the convincing ring of truth. The cleverest landscape architect
can after all do no more than suggest; the ultimate decision is
nature’s as to what shall grow, and where, and when, and how!
This the successful landscapist immediately recognizes and
bends his wits to meet her whims. “The Heather Garden”
(Oyster Bay) by Olmstead Brothers is a conspicuous example of
tactful compromise, very happy in concept and execution.

Sear’s (Thomas W.) “The Walled Garden” and Pond’s
(Breamer W.) “Garden Deceit” are two quite diverse and in-
genious treatments of limited areas in the semi-formal manner.
Artificiality of effect has been reduced to its minimum in the
“Wild Garden” designed by William Pitkin, Jr. for Mr. J. B.
Crouse at Grosse Point, Michigan, and in the plantings on Mr.
Farrell’s estate (South Norwalk, Conn.) by Vitale, Brinkerhoff
and Geiffert, where pool and walks are charmingly set in natural
growth.

The ill-placed greenhouse is always an irritating landscape
feature, and to place it well considerable of a problem. Prentice
Sanger’s solution, felicitously described as “Glass, Sky, and
Water” (at Babylon, L. L), is full of suggestion for the designer
who has at his disposal landscape material somewhat similar in
quality.

Robert Wheelwright’s composition: “Sylvia and Her Pool,”
furnishes further proof of the essential interdependence of the
arts. The very soul of the woodland seems focussed in this
aptly ensconced little figure by Mahonri Young! [Garden
Magazine readers will find “Sylvia” in the August issue accom-
panying Mr. Wheelwright’s interesting article on “Small Nat-
uralesque Pools.” Ed.] Force and point are frequently gained
by so pivoting the outdoor picture on a piece of statuary fitly
chosen to match the mood of nature in that particular spot.

Edith Barretto Parsons’s “ Duck Baby Fountain” and “Frog
Baby Fountain” epitomize the gleeful in captivating fashion
and would radiate mirth on the gloomiest of garden days. “Joy
of the Waters” (Harriet W. Frishmuth, sculptor) on tiptoe
among Iris-like leaves, is a beautifully modelled, utterly alive
young figure that seems literally to soar upward in ecstasy —
what a thing to come upon some spring morning in a wooded
glen near singing waters!

For sterner moments there is Anna V. Hyatt’s “Jaguar” de-
signed for an Iowa garden. It is vigorously executed and, though
in subject at variance with the garden mood as ordinarily con-
ceived, may well prove in harmony with a landscape still domin-
ated by the tameless spirit of the mountains.

Quite at the reverse end of the gamut stands Edward Berge’s
“Violet,” a tiny, sprite-like figure done in bronze, redeemed
from banality by freshness of handling. The spectator turns
to Helen Sahler’s “Garden Figure: Wood Notes” with satisfac-
tion— and lingers, arrested by the depth of feeling, the haunting
elusive charm of this piping, ivy-draped youth!

A batik curtain, “ The Jungle” (to the casual observer a some-
what misleading description) is rather an unusual piece of work
by Lydia Bush-Brown, a riot of butterflies and colorful exotic
bloom amid which the friendly Wisteria is readily discernible.
Maud F. Berneker’s decorative “ Flower Arrangement” has ap-
peal for the lover of Calendulas; and the gardener who grows
Lilies will be arrested by Emma Fordyce MacRae’s curiously
tile-like treatment of the “Pink Lily.” Stained glass proves
an effective medium for the rendering of Iris, which lifts vibrant
purple blossoms at the base of a charming memorial window
designed by George Pearse Ennis.

It is manifestly impossible to do full justice to an exhibition
of such magnitude and diversity within the limited space of an
editorial; we can only stress some of the aspects of special inter-
est to the gardener. The astonishing thing about it all is the
number of points of contact apparent and the constant inter-
action of house and garden; or, perhaps more accurately, the

pervasive invasion of the house by the garden. Flowers are
scattered everywhere — on furniture, wall papers, and chintzes;
panels, screens, and fire screens; tapestries and batiks — the pre-
dominating motif in all sorts of household decoration as well as
a sparkling girdle about the house itself.

THE OPE^jColum:K.

Readers’ Interchange of Experience and Comment

Hundred-Pound Water Melons

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

CIRST, put the ground in good condition for cultivation. Then,

1 where you want the hill, dig a hole thirty inches deep, three feet
long and eighteen inches wide. Set a joint of tile upright in the centre
and fill the hole with well-rotted manure to within six inches of the
top of the ground. Finish filling up with rich sandy loam in which a
shovel of stale manure and a pint of rock phosphate have been thor-
oughly mixed.

Plant a hill on each side of the tile, putting five or six seeds in each
hill. When the plants are well up and have gotten a good start, thin
out to one strong plant in a hill.

Pour a bucket of water in the tile every day (except, of course, in
rainy weather) until the melons begin to ripen when the watering
should cease. By this method of irrigation enough water comes up
around the rootlets to keep the plants growing. It is far better than
irrigating on top as it does not water-soak and bake the soil so that it
cannot be worked at any time.

At least two applications of nitrate of soda — about a teaspoonful '
around each plant — should be applied during the growing period.

Not more than two melons, and better one, should be allowed to
grow on each vine. All the laterals should be kept cut off and only ,
the vine which is to bear the fruit allowed to grow. All weeds and grass
should be kept cleaned out.

By this method I have grown melons that weighed more than one I
hundred pounds.

The same plan is equally goodffor growing prize pumpkins. — J. M.
Smith, Fort Gibson, Oklahoma.

Garden Problems That Puzzle

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

MR. FOREMAN’S suggestion about Grape raising appeals to me, .

The editor’s note in the March Magazine is excellent for artists i
who know it all, but I am the veriest tyro. I’ve fallen heir to about a
dozen little vines each one of which resembled a spider, it has so many
legs. My wife and I puzzled over everything we could read and
finally we cut down our vines to the two strongest (?) arms with three
or four buds each; in short they look like letter Y’s. They are tidy little i
objects now, and I suppose I must get me up early some A. M. to chase
off to a lumber yard before I run for the seven-thirty-eight, as lumber
kings don’t toil Saturday afternoons. Will some kind soul tell me
in words of one syllable (I have a dictionary) what I must do next.
I’ve cow-manured my letter Y’s also. And when, oh, when do I spray?
What, too, must I spray my little Peaches and Plums with? They
have flowered now, and an imposing government book says eight
gallons this, eight gallons that, fifty gallons water and be sure every
thing is a certain kind. Gracious, you could cover my real estate with
a pocket handkerchief — sixty-six gallons — I feel aghast. Can’t I buy
a little can of something to squirt into my blossoms? One man “who
sells insecticides” sold me Bordo-Lead and now I notice the label reads:

“ Don’t use on Peaches or Plums.” May I use it now on Pears and
Apples?

Once in a while I find a reference to Hybrid Tea Roses and Hardy
Chrysanthemums in my Garden Magazine. I wish there were more.

Is there any hardy really yellow Rose for the garden besides Persian
Yellow? All I’ve come across so far are almost single, and white in the
sunshine. Also will someone please tell me if there is a cure for Black
Spot? I tried bordeaux last summer in vain. — C. A. G.

— Let’s see now, what have we? Twelve little Grape vines, each roughly
Y-shaped, with each branch of each Y bearing three or four buds; age
and variety unknown, which is unfortunate since the information would
help in determining the treatment needed. However, the following sug-
gestions, based on general principles, are reasonably safe to offer.

■/[ The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

265

“GLASS, SKY, AND WATER’’

Proper placing of the greenhouse, in itself seldom structurally beautiful, and always subject to hampering
utilitarian considerations, is a problem frequently demanding the maximum of ingenuity. Rarely is a
solution of such genuine pictorial quality found as in this composition of Mr. Prentice Sanger at Babylon, L. I.

266

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

The expectation is that each of the aforementioned buds will give rise
to a shoot capable of bearing from two to five bunches of grapes. Next
year another series of buds — on those shoots or on the two main stems —
will develop into other bearing shoots and so on, the fruit being borne each
season on this year’s shoots that arose from buds formed on last year’s
growth. In a “state of normalcy,” therefore, the vines would get
longer and longer and the fruit would hang from the most distant
shoots year after year, to the considerable inconvenience of one with a
small place. The solution of the problem is the following simple re-
newal system of pruning and training. This season, while the bearing
shoots are growing, rub or pinch off all new shoots from the roots and
all except two new main shoots from the crown. Let these latter
grow up to correspond to the present arms of the Y, to a convenient
height of, say, four feet; then pinch back their tips. After each bearing
shoot has set its fruit clusters — not more than four or five — pinch back
its end bud, too, to throw strength into the crop. Next winter, any
time after the leaves have fallen, cut out the present arms of the Y —
that is, the two branches from which arose the bearing shoots — right
down to the crown; you will then have the other two main stems which
you permitted to grow during the summer to replace them and pro-
duce bearing canes next year. And so you proceed each year, raising a
new pair of main stems to take the place of two that you cut out each
autumn.

Now as to supports. If the vines are planted in a row, set up firmly
five good, stout, posts to stand about five feet high, one at each end and
the others separated by three vines. Stretch two or three wires, about
telephone size, tightly on the posts, one about two feet from the ground
and the other or others each a foot higher, and let these support both
the Y arms and the bearing shoots as they grow. By keeping the latter
tied close to their respective wires in a systematic way you can keep
track of their growth and know just when to nip back, spray, thin or
do any other needful thing.

Go easy with manures, especially cow manure, unless your soil is
very poor and light. But the vines will appreciate wood ashes or
muriate of potash (half a peck and a pound per plant respectively)
worked in around them. Cultivate lightly all summer or mulch with
lawn clippings to keep the soil moist.

The spraying programme is simple enough and calls only for bordeaux
mixture which may be bought in package form at any seed store and
at some paint and drugstores, and which should be mixed with water as
directed on the container. Or you could use your Bordo-Lead. The
applications needed will depend upon the apparent tendency to disease;
probably three or four will be plenty, the first soon after the fruits set
and the others at intervals of from two to four weeks. Spray the leaves
top and bottom while you are about it.

Partly because one doesn’t like to apply poisons to fruit, and partly
because most poisons don’t worry the rose chafer, about the worst in-
sect enemy of the Grape hereabouts, the simplest and most effective
protection against bugs, in a small vineyard, is bagging. As soon as the
bunches set, put each one in a paper bag (quart or two-pound size
should be ample), pin the neck tightly round the stem, and snip one
corner of the bag off so that any water that enters may run out. This
takes a little time, but it insures grapes of the utmost perfection.

Generally speaking, you need not worry about Peaches and Plums
until you see something attacking them. In any case three summer
sprayings is usually enough; the first just after the blossoms fall (May
ioth to 25th?), the next a month later, the third a month after that.
There are two things you can use in as small quantities as is convenient;
atomic sulphur, which some druggists carry, at the rate of half a pound
to ten gallons of water; and commercial lime-sulphur which, also, can
be bought by the package but which should be diluted with 150 parts
of water for summer use, no matter what the directions say. Next
winter as a precaution you can give a “dormant treatment” with the
same at the rate of one part to nine of water, which, however, is entirely
too strong for foliage. Meanwhile, if plant lice bother the Peaches this
summer, try kerosene emulsion (one-inch cube of laundry soap dis-
solved in a half pint of hot water, this to be churned violently into a
pint of kerosene and the mixture diluted with nine parts of water be-
fore use.)

As already suggested, you can utilize the Bordo-Lead on your Grapes
if needed there, or on your Apples and Pears as you suggest. I he
chewing insects that bother the two stone fruits are few and far be-
tween, hence the undesirability of wasting the poisonous element in the
spray mixture on the Peaches and Plums.

1 do not seem to recognize the Black Spot disease about which you
ask. On the Grape, Black Rot is about the worst troublewe have. This
calls for persistent spraying with bordeaux mixture, beginning the
latter part of May and continuing at two-week intervals throughout the

season. If the Grapes are not bagged it is well to change to ammo-
niacal copper carbonate when the berries are swelling. On the stone
fruits Brown Rot is a frequent trouble, but the removal of the diseased
fruits is usuaHy more effective than spraying.

Really hardy Roses of a satisfactory yellow shade are not abundant.
However, you may be able to find what you want among these: in the
Wichuraiana type, Aviateur Bleriot, Mrs. C. S. Sargent and Shower of
Gold; of the rambler type. Gardenia and Hardy Marechal Niel; of the
Hybrid Perpetual, Gloire Lyonnaise is probably the best. But why
not try the new Hugonis which has proved so successful and attrac-
tive in the Arnold Arboretum. If you are willing to give some winter
protection, the following Hybrid Teas are worth while: Mrs. S. K.
Rindge, Mrs. Aaron Ward and Sunburst. — E. L. D. Seymour, Hemp-
stead, L. I.

Snow in Blossom Time

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

CHERRY blossoms and snow in April — that is what the accom-
panying photograph, taken from my porch during the freak
snowstorm on April 1 ith, shows. The Pear and Cherry trees at the left
and the Magnolia tree on the right were covered with pink and white
blossoms powdered with snow. — Lidda Kay, Bayside, L. I.

Saving the St. Regis Raspberry

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

IN YOUR department, Among Our Garden Neighbors, for March,
1921, I note a question concerning worms found on the fruit of Red
Raspberries of the St. Regis variety. The recommendation was made
to control the worms by the use of clean culture and removal of the rasp-
berry foliage.

It is very probable that the tiny white worm is the larva of the
American raspberry beetle Byturus Unicolor. The insect is quite
prevalent, especially in the northern states and along the Atlantic
seaboard. It can be easily controlled by a thorough spraying as
the leaves are unfolding in the spring, using arsenate of lead, at least
a pound of the powder to fifty gallons of solution. The beetle some-
times eats through the buds, and often eats the foliage of the brambles,
and the application of an arsenical rather late in the season will kill
many of the beetles before egg laying commences. I hope that you will
inform your correspondent as to this method of control. — A. S. Colby,
University of Illinois.

— In the March number of The Garden Magazine a lady, writing
from New Jersey, complains of the poor spring crop of her St. Regis
Raspberries.

About a year ago Mr. W. H. Wolff (in The Garden Magazine)
gave a clear and concise statement of the needs of the St. Regis; I regret
that I have not a copy to send her. My observation of this Berry
has led me to believe that success is spelled with the pruning knife; left to
its own fate it will in a short time develop into a forest of canes, with
fruit of little account.

In this connection a few facts must be borne in mind; first that the
spring crop of fruit develops from side shoots on the wood made the
previous year, the fall or late crop coming from the current year’s wood.
Six canes of each year’s growth are sufficient, making twelve in all for
each hill. After the spiing or early June crop is over, the last year’s
canes should be entirely cut away, leaving only the new growth for the
fall crop. These canes should be encouraged to make a sturdy growth

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

267

for the double purpose of full development for the fall crop and of a start
for the following spring; cut back to nearly half early the next year.

Clean cultivation, and a small amount of nitrate of soda worked
into the ground in early spring will give good results. — Edwin Cros-
wait, Maryland.

“Let Us Have Peas”

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

SURELY peas are pleasing to any well-regulated family, and much
to be desired for many weeks! The stock writers and the cat-
alogue enthusiasts have just been telling us how we may have peas
in plenty and for plenty of time. Peas for a month? Sure; that’s
easy; indeed, peas for six weeks are always promised, and one san-
guine seedsman who ought to know has been writing me of his original
scheme and selection which will provide the delectable vegetable until
“ late in August ! ” As he wrote to me individually, and he knows where
I live, he must mean, therefore, that at Breeze Hill I may have peas for
nearly two full months.

Now this is all very nice — on paper; but it never has worked out in
peas. 1 have succession-planted the same variety according to pre-
scription, only to find that the extra-early plantings were sure to be late
and the extra-late plantings were sure to be early, with the result that
we had a plethora of peas for two or three weeks, and then none at all.

Then I believed a Garden Magazine writer who proposed the plant-
ing all at once of six sorts, which were so pleasantly disposed that they
would perform to the pea schedule and give me full six weeks of good
eating. The result was just the same as the succession-planting result
— a piling up of peas that “peeved” the housefolks and proved — to me,
at least — that "somebody lied,” or guessed, which latter is more likely.

One day I visited with a very careful seedsman, and I assailed him on
this subject. He insisted, hesitated, cogitated, and then capitulated;
the best he would promise was a month of pea succulence, and he
wasn’t too sure at that!

1 have planted extra early — this year on March 14th — knowing that
the cool ground would hold back pea pushing so that two weeks of time
difference in planting would probably round out into not more than
three days of pea maturity for the table. The plain truth is, 1 think,
that as the ground warms, the Peas hurry, and that when the ground is
thoroughly warmed, as in late June and through July, the Peas are un-
happy and unprosperous; they just don’t perform.

But 1 speak a plea for more conservative statements on the part of
the vegetable writers. A little less theorizing, a little more fact telling,
would be welcome. When one of these six-weeks or seven-weeks pea
artists presents a schedule of experience, with dates and varieties re-
lating to the same garden in the same year, I will be compelled to be-
lieve he is no longer one of the slick gentlemen who do wonders at the
county fairs with “three peas under a shell.”

Let us have Peas, by all means, but honestly, as to dates! — J.
Horace McFarland, Harrisburg, Pa.

And We Will Have Peas;

Tothe Editor of The Garden Magazine;

THE facts called for by Mr. McFarland were presented to The
Garden Magazine readers on pages 162-163 °f April 1916 issue.
These facts were the result of a fairly comprehensive experiment con-
ducted on clay soil in northern New York State. Thirty-six distinct
varieties and many strains, a total of more than seventy-five actual
trials were the basis for these conclusions. And yet, because nature
makes it impossible for horticulture to become an exact science, the
conclusions of five years ago are but stepping stones for the future.

For this reason, only such parts of the table are repeated as are of
immediate interest to the reader. Here is what happened between
April 1 6th and July 23rd, during the summer of 1913, along the banks
of the Chenango River, twenty-five miles north of Binghampton :

VARIETY NAME

DATE

SOWN

FINAL

PICKING

FIRST READY
AFTER

Prolific Extra Early

4-17

6-25

64 days

Thomas Laxton

4-' 7

7-7

72 “

Potlach

4-16

7-20

83 “

Little Marvel

4-25

7-IO

69 “

Alderman

4-25

7-23

80 “

Royal Salute

4-25

7-28

88 “

This selection and original planting provided peas from June 20th,
when Prolific Extra Early gave the first picking, until July 28th, when
the last few quarts of Royal Salute were gathered. The last week in

April and first ten days of May proved so dismal, wet and cold that I
became afraid much rotting of seed might cause damage to germination,
especially among the wrinkled sorts. As a precautionary measure, the
entire trial of nearly thirty distinct kinds was sown over again on May
1 5th, with the result that we gathered peas until the middle of August.

A few of Mr. McFarland’s observations are correct, but are not
carried far enough. Thus, while it is true that an early hot spell in
June will forceall kinds to more rapid maturity, it isequally true that an
exceedingly moist and cool season will prolong the bearing period of all
kinds, especially the large, late, wrinkled sorts. The banks of the
Susquehanna do not offer congenial conditions for pea trials at any
time, but by a careful selection of varieties, special attention to culture,
and thoughtful study of its whims, this possibly exacting vegetable
will be found reasonably reliable, especially in its pedigreed branches.

Prolific Extra Early is now largely superseded by Market Surprise
which excels it in quality, in size and number of peas to the pod, and
in from a week to ten days earlier maturity. Royal Salute likewise
has been put in the discard for, fine as this variety is in England whence
many of our best sorts originally came, it absolutely refuses to “per-
form” over here. The pods are wonderful, they are borne on time,
but they will not fill out well. — Adolph Kruhm, Long Island.

Tree Wisteria in a City Yard

Tothe Editor of The Garden Magazine:

IT MAY interest some of the readers of The Open Column to know
that Wisteria trees can be grown successfully from slips in this part of
the country. 1 started the one shown in the photograph twelve years
ago. The slip was first given a start in a jar of water. When the

JOY FOR THE CITY DWELLER

Twelve years ago a mere slip in a jar of water, this lovely Wisteria, pruned to
grow sturdily in tree shape, now throws out more than a thousand blossoms
each season. Mrs. Skiff’s success offers much encouragement to city gardeners

sprouts were large enough I planted it in the ground. For a year I did
nothing to the slip. When it had reached the height of one foot and a
half I started pruning the suckers that came after the blossoms dropped.
By doing this each year 1 have at last succeeded in bringing forth, I
think, a beautiful tree. The tree was planted in the front of the house
which faces the northeast. It is now six feet in height and has a spread
of about seven feet. There were about a thousand to fifteen hundred
blossoms or clusters last year. — Mrs. Cornelius B. Skiff, Brooklyn,
N. Y.

Illustrating “The Budding Story” A Correction

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

A SLIGHT inaccuracy crept into sketch No. 5 illustrating "The
Budding Story Step by Step” in the March Garden Magazine.
In the original drawing the string was indicated by a single heavy line
and in the redrawing the artist made a double line. The turn of string
that goes diagonally downward across the thumb nail was meant
to be outside of the other, and a quick upward pull in the direction
indicated by the arrow secures the upper end in a half knot. — John L.
Doan, Ambler, Pa.

KURUME AZALEAS IN
NATIVE SETTING

From the collections of
John S. Ames, original
plants of the first introduc-
tions of Kurume Azaleas
staged in artistic rockery
with dwarf Japanese Ever-
greens in harmonious com-
panionship

HERBACEOUS CALCEO-
LARIA

An old favorite for greenhouse
decoration. It presents diffi-
culties in cultivation in the
warmer sections. This speci-
men is gold with chestnut
brown spotting

PINK PEARL RHODO-
DENDRON

The blooms of this most
magnificent large-flowered
hybrid are of a delicate,
shaded rosy pink

BOSTON’S

FLOWER

FETE

FTER New York, Boston!
“ ' With only a few days be-
tween the closing of the
one exhibition and the
opening of the other. To a large
extent, so far as personnel goes, the
Boston Spring Flower and Rose Fete
of April 6th-ioth was almost the
same as the meeting in the great
metropolis during the closing days
of March; but in material the two
meetings assumed totally different
aspects.

Marvellous specimens of unusual
plants of great intrinsic interest
captivated attention, and the set
garden displays which have always
been the leading attraction in New
York became a secondary interest
in Boston, although this year they
attained a greater degree of perfec-
tion than usual. It is for the plants
as individuals that we go to Boston:
a pink Korean Azalea from the
Proctor Estate at Topsfield, five to
six feet high, one of the biggest in
the country; a mass of the wonder-
ful hybrid hardy Azalea Louisa
Hunnewell raised at Wellesley;
Orchids of exceptional quality and
rarity led, of course, by the presi-
dent of the Society, Mr. A. C.
Burrage, who has maintained every
week of the year a free exhibition of
Orchids in Horticultural Hall from
his collections at Beverly. From
Professor Sargent, the White
Kurume Azalea (Rhododendron
abtusum album), introduced by For-
tune and then lost for forty years,

AFRICAN VIOLET SA1NTPAULIA

As a matter of fact it is not a Violet at all but a relative of
the Gloxinia, flowers rich violet, yellow centre. Named
after Baron von St. Paul and nothing to do with the apostle
although sometimes miscalled the Apostle’s Violet

268

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

269

also the home-raised Kurume type Azalea known as A. Sanderi;
and from Mr. John S. Ames, North Easton, a group of original
varieties of Kurume Azaleas tastefully arranged in rock work
with associated plants of Japan, a feature that could not be
paralleled elsewhere; great plants of most magnificent hybrid
Rhododendrons, including Pink Pearl, alas not hardy! Such
intriguing things, too, as the African Violet (Saintpaulia
ionantha) and such splendid specimens of the familiar Cal-
ceolaria, Primulinas and the like.

Roses were featured and two display gardens struck a novel
note for Horticultural Hall, but they were outclassed by the in-
herent merits of the things that have been named and others
that have a strong appeal for the plant connoisseur. The ex-
hibition reflected in fact the characteristic features of the gar-

dens of that environment which certainly justify Boston’s
reputation as the Mecca of the inquiring horticulturist. Though
comparisons may be odious they sometimes carry lessons: the
Boston Flower Show excels in the intrinsic merit of material
displayed; the New York Show dominates in the demonstrated
artistic use of the more popular plants.

Associated with the Boston Flower Show and very largely
as an outcome of the weekly Orchid displays in the Hall main-
tained by Mr. Burrage during the last year, the American Orchid
Society has re-awakened, and after an enthusiastic meeting, when
the constitution was formally adopted, it is now anticipated that
this youngest and heretofore most quiescent of the special flower
societies will brace up its activities and that in the near future its
influence will be felt.

^lKk £Mont/vs ® Qm.in.dQr

“ Come with me, then, behind the scenes, where we are concerned only with the joys of plant increase and rejuvenation”

The Reminder is to "suggest'' what may be done during the next few weeks. Details of haw
to do each item are given in the current or the back issues of The Garden Magazine — it is mani-
iestly impossible to give all the details of all the work in any one issue of a magazine. References
to back numbers may be looked up in the index to each completed volume (sent gratis on request);
the Serv ice Department will also be glad to cite references to any special topic if asked by mail and to
send personal replies to specific questions; a stamped, addressed envelope being enclosed.

When referring to the time for out-door work of any sort New York City (latitude 4c) at sea
level in a normal season is taken as standard; but at best dates can only be approximate. Roughly,
the season advances northward fifteen miles a day. Thus Albany, which is one hundred and fifty
miles from New York, would be about ten days later, and Philadelphia, which is ninety miles
southwest about a week earlier. Also allow jour days for each degree of latitude, for each five
degrees of longitude , and for each four hundred feet of altitude.

JUNE— THE MONTH OF FIRST RETURNS

Copyright, 1921, Doubleday, Page if! Co.

8N EXACT proportion to the time and effort previously put
into it the garden is now beginning to yield returns in kind.
Peas, Spinach, Green Onions, Radishes, salads, etc., are now
to be had for the gathering, yet if a regular succession is to
be maintained, the pace set during the last two months must
be kept up. Not only must more plantings be made, but the
crops now growing need protection and insurance from insect and
disease often troublesome in the June garden.

The Intruding Hosts

Plant lice, or aphis, on Cantaloupes, Cabbage, etc. may be checked by
spraying with Black-leaf 40, or any approved nicotine extract. Do
the spraying during the cool of the evenings and take care to wet
the under side of the leaf.

Squash needs protection from the striped cucumber beetle and flea
beetle while they are still small; use arsenate of lead powder, one
ounce to three pounds of dry land plaster, or air-slaked lime, or
very finely sifted ashes. To a certain extent the squash bug may
be thus attacked too, but at times that pest appears to be im-
pervious to poison, and hand picking has to be resorted to. If
the leaves show signs of wilting, examine the stem near the root
for the borer, and if it has not gone too far it may be cut out and
the vine will recover. In any case it is a good plan to cover
several of the vine joints with soil to encourage the formation of
independent roots.

For rust and blight of Celery and dark brown spots on the beans, spray
with bordeaux, or better still with bordeaux-arsenate, and get
some of the leaf-eating pests at the operation.

Irregular holes in the Cabbage leaves? Either arsenate of lead or
paris green, one ounce to ten gallons of water; and use it on Cauli-
flower, Kale, Brussels-sprouts, Kohlrabi. Slug-shot is a handy
material for general use in the vegetable garden against worms
and caterpillars — it is not poisonous but is effective.

I f cut worms nip off the newly set plants feed a supper of bran moistened
with sweetened water until it will crumble and add paris green one
ounce to three pounds of bran. Put it around the plants at
night.

Potatoes require the arsenate-bordeaux spray against blight and
potato bugs to “kill two birds with one stone;” and look out for
the Egg-plants too!

Succession Plantings

Succession plantings to be made of all vegetables required for table
supply throughout the summer, provide for fall crops by replanting

extra early varieties now on the decline — such as Beets, Radishes,
Lettuce, Spinach, etc. Have mid-summer Lettuce (see Garden
Magazine for April) or Endive follow Early Beets; Bush Beans
after Radishes; Beets or Celery to follow Lettuce; Lettuce or
Beans to follow Onions. Extra early varieties of the follow-up
crops will often-times leave the ground available for still another
crop in August.

Plant early varieties of Sweet Corn every week or ten days up to
July 4th which should be the final planting on latitude 40°;
midseason Lettuce (such as All-season, Iceberg, and Butterhead)
are the types to sow all through this month. Fine summer
Radishes are long White Vienna, Chartiers, and White Delicious.

Winter Celery to be sown at once. Any sown last month may be
pricked off into a spent hotbed as soon as large enough to handle.

Crops grown for their leaves (Chard, Spinach, Endive, etc.) will be
benefited by nitrogenous manures. Give top dressing of nitrate
of soda either immediately following a rain or on ground thor-
oughly saturated the night previous. Liquid manure is best,
however; to make: half fill a bag of manure and suspend in a

barrel of water.

Cease cutting Asparagus as soon as other vegetables are plentiful.

Transplant to permanent quarters, late Cauliflower, Cabbage, Kale,
Broccoli, and Brussels-sprouts.

About the Grounds

Get after the elm-leaf beetle early, as spraying is useless after the
larvae begin to come down. Use arsenate of lead applied with a
good pressure pump.

Keep clipped all kinds of trained plants and hedges.

Recently transplanted large trees, shrubbery, and other ornamentals
to be well watered throughout the summer.

Evergreens will be benefited by overhead spraying twice a day.

Young shoots of climbing Roses and other climbers to be kept tied up.

Seed pods to be removed from Rhododendrons, Kalmias, Andromedas,
etc. to reserve vigor for next year’s bloom.

Prune early flowering shrubs as they pass out of bloom, removing the
oldest wood that it may be replaced with young, vigorous shoots for
next season’s flowers.

Propagate now by cuttings of half ripened wood of shrubs and trees to
be rooted under glass; also layer as soon as shoots are long enough
to permit it.

Pinch out side shoots of Evergreens to induce bushiness.

Grass edges to be neatly clipped; walks and drives to be raked and
rolled frequently.

270

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

The Garden Flowers

Sweet -pea flowers to be picked determinedly; if seed pods form, plants
will stop producing. Keep well watered, for if the vines begin to
turn yellow that is the end. Bedding-out to be finished promptly,
setting aside a few surplus plants for replacements.

Iris need lots of water after blooming; use bone meal as fertilizer. Top
dressing with manure is bad for Iris. The best time to divide,
transplant, or make new plantings of Iris is immediately after
the blooming period.

Stake plants as they need it and before they blow over.

Cut to the ground Achillea as soon as through flowering to provide for
a second crop later in the season.

Coreopsis kept cut close will make a display all through the season.

Keep picked-off all dead leaves and flowers as they fade.

Flower Seeds to be Sown

Sow now seed from such early flowering plants as Columbines, Lark-
spurs, etc. to produce good plants before the fall.

Late-flowering Tulips may be lifted as they pass out of bloom and
heeled in elsewhere to ripen, the vacancies being filled with annuals.
Those known as “croppers” are best for this purpose.

Still time to get a supply of seeds of annuals and enjoy a perfect sea
of bloom ere the fall frosts arrive. To be sown now: Snap-
dragons, Asters, annual Gaillardia, Clarkia, Larkspur, Lupin,
Poppy, Alyssum, Arctotis, Balsam, Calendula, Calliopsis, Candy-
tuft, Cornflower, Centaurea, Cleome, Globe-amaranth, annual
Gypsophila, annual Sunflower, Marigold, Mignonette, Stock,
Verbena, Zinnia, etc.

Attention to the Roses

Feed freely with liquid manure; if large exhibition blooms are wanted
rub off all but the terminal bud. One sure way to get control of
rose bugs is by hand picking into a can of kerosene. Spraying
with arsenate of lead, 5 pounds to 50 gallons of water, repeatedly,
is an old remedy, not very effectual. Melrosine is a new prepara-
tion recommended for its effectiveness.

Gladiolus for late fall cutting to be planted.

Dahlias to be planted during the month; put out stakes before setting
out tubersor plants. When growth has started reduce shoots toone,
allowing side branches to develop one foot above the ground.

Propagating for the Hardy Border

Many herbaceous and alpine plants may be propagated after flowering
by cuttings or offsets. The Creeping Phloxes, Cerastiums,
Sedums, Aubretias, Arenaria, and Iberis, are among those that
may be increased at this time. Use a frame containing sandy soil
and which can be shaded from hot sun. Stock may also be in-
creased by sowing seeds at this time. Such subjects as Delphin-
iums, Lupins, Foxgloves, Canterburv-bells, Sweet Williams,
Aquilegias, Oenotheras, Heucheras, and other perennials, will
make plants of sufficient size to plant into permanent quarters in
the fall if sown now. A seed bed in the open ground will meet the
requirements of these plants at this time, but as the frames
are emptied of other stock they may be utilized. Shade is es-
sential until germination takes place.

Fruit Garden

Thin the “set” of Apples, Pears, Peaches. Much finer fruit will
result, with superior flavor, and the aggregate weight at least
equal. True also of Grapes.

Crops of Gooseberries, Currants, Strawberries depend to a large extent
upon the amount of moisture maintained about the roots. Use
grass clippings and other mulching material.

Summer pruning (pinching out of the tip of the young growth) will
keep the young fruit trees in better shape and induce fruitfulness.

Retard the Currant crop and gather fresh fruit in August bv covering
bushes with muslin or burlap before fruit ripens. Watch Black-
berries and Dewberries for orange rust, burning affected bushes as
soon as discovered.

To feed fruit trees scatter stable manure over the ground as far as the
spread of the branches; or use 4 to 5 pounds of phosphoric acid
for each large tree, and, after raking it in, mulch the surface with

the weeds, and other refuse taken from the garden. Trees with .
rank, vigorous growth and little fruit do not need manure; those
with small, undersized fruit and little or no annual growth will
be benefited.

The Greenhouse Plants

This is preparatory season for next winter’s supply of cut flowers, pot
plants, etc. A general clean up is essential. Discard old plants,
renew soil and generally overhaul. As many subjects as possible
that are to be carried over should be accommodated in frames.
Adiantums (Croweanum, cuneatum, and gracillimum); Pteris;
Cyrtomiums; Polypodiums; Davallias, and Nephrolepis, in addi-
tion to Cyclamen, Primulas, and other flowering plants are
amenable to frame culture at this time.

Antirrhinum seedlings intended for an early winter crop should now be
large enough to prick off. Give a fairly rich soil and plenty of room.

Still time to root a batch of the exhibition Chrysanthemums. They
will make fine dwarf plants in six-inch pots. Early rooted plants
to be potted on as fast as they fill the pots with roots, until they
are in their flowering pots. Plants for bench culture to be planted
into flowering quarters now.

Sow seeds of Primula malacoides and its varieties, also Cineraria; give
the latter every protection from heat and grow as cool as conditions
will allow.

Celosia sown now will provide blooming plants by the end of August.
Plants on hand to be repotted to larger pots.

Gloxinias to be well shaded and grown cool. Fumigate for thrips.

Begonias of the Lorraine type require shade and careful watering.
Keep near the glass to secure stickiness.

Gardenias require frequent and thorough svringings to keep them free
from mealy bug. Keep the atmosphere moist by frequent damp-
ing down of the paths and walls.

Cyclamen to be potted on as required, using a light but rich compost.
Well rotted cow manure and bone meal are good sources of food for 1
these subjects.

Poinsettias to be potted up for winter flowering. Azaleas are worth all
the care that can be bestowed upon them now; plunge out of doors
after they have flowered with others of their kind to ripen.

Roses to be planted with all possible speed; avoid over watering;
cultivate regularly to keep weeds down. Fumigate if green fly
troubles.

Carnations in the benches may be discarded. Continue cultivating the
young stock outdoors and keep the leading shoots topped as they
begin to make headway. If your soil is such that you have to
resort to watering the plants in the field this month, reduce the
supply toward the middle of the period so that the plants will not
be too soft for benching early next month.

Plunge Amaryllis up to the rims of the pots in frames and keep the
sashes elevated all the time. They are making their growth now
for next season’s flowering and, in addition to an abundance of !!
water, a top dressing of Clay’s or other approved fertilizer, or appli-
cations of liquid manure will be of benefit to them. Seedlings to be |
kept growing along, having no rest until they have flowered.

Pelargoniums for propagating to have the water supply reduced so the I
wood will ripen.

Decorative plants are now at the height of their growing season: see

that growth does not become too soft. Shade only enough to
break direct rays of the sun and give abundant ventilation on all
favorable occasions. Old plants of advanced age and size should
be repotted if necessary.

Christmas Peppers and Bouvardias planted outdoors to be pinched at
frequent intervals to induce bushiness.

Calanthes now growing freely will take water liberally; do not feed until
the pots have plenty of roots in them. Syringe overhead on
favorable days, but do not leave the foliage wet overnight. Cal-
anthes like a brisk, moist heat.

Pot fruit trees need room. Nets underneath will catch any fruits that
may fall off. Young Peach trees trained on trellises, making first
year’s wood for the forming of the main branches of the trees for
years to come, to have the young wood laid in right or they will
never look as they should. As the last fruit is taken from the
early peach house give a thorough syringing to dislodge any red
spider. Give water if the border is on the dry side, and a little
feeding will help the plants to build up flower buds for next season.
Keep ventilators wide open.

Tie Garden Magazine, June, 1921

271

May I Help You

To An IRIS Garden ?

It will be a pleasure to advise you for. I am sure, whatever Iris you'll plant, they'll make you
glad you got started. Starting with comparatively few some years ago, I now grow thousands,
to supply satisfied customers in nearly every state. If you take kindly to but few. try this
assortment, for I feel

Sure that these will make you a Friend

TWF I \7FT IDTC Worth Four dollars and forty cents ($4.40)
1 VV 1^1- V £_ • IXVIO For Three doUars ($3J0)

Princess Victoria Louise
Queen of May
Sherwin-Wright

Dr. Bernice. S. Coppery-bronze: F.
velvety crimson. 2 ft. Each 2oc.

Florentina Blue

Halfdan Rhein-Nixe

Ingeborg Walneriana

Mme. Chereau Walhalla

Mrs. Neubrunner

I believe you will be surprised and delighted with the character and size of roots I'll send
you. Please tell your friends!

And I Specialize in Peonies, too

Iris and Peonies go together. As one leaves, the other arrives. Between the two you'll have
one continuous succession of joys and del ghts. During the next few months, I propose to tell
you more about my Peon es. In the meantime —

Here's How Many Pleased Customers Write: —

‘•Last Fall I bought some Iris and Peonies ox you and they have been and are the joy of my life.

They have bloomed and did splendidly — this Autumn I want some more — . I have said many
kind things about the way you treated me and thought many kind thoughts because of the fine
plants you sent and the pleasure we have had from them.”

Will you let my little Catalogue tell you more?

It's a very modest booklet and yet, it serves the purpose of acquainting you with my busi-
ness. I would like to see America become one vast Iris and Peony Garden. To that end, I am
sending extra value in roots that will live to spread joy. I am anticipating the pleasure of serving
many GARDEN MAGAZINE readers.

When you visit the Peony Show in Boston take a ride out here and see them as they grow —
a real show. Boston and Worcester electrics pass Horticultural Hall and will leave you within
three minutes’ walk of our grounds. Thirty-five minutes’ ride — By auto straight ahead on
Huntington Avenue.

Geo. N. Smith, Wellesley Hills, Mass.

Hammond’s ,2!, Insecticides

Continue to Help the Nation in

Garden and Field

r#uoc ma**-

Thrip Juice

bodily destroys all
kinds of plant lice or
Aphis. It is a power-
ful contact poison
used against all sap-
sucking insects.

CopperSolution

is a proven preventa-
tive of blights and rose
rust. It stops the
spores that spread the trouble.

Write us for Booklet —

Shot

They are known from ocean to
ocean as sure remedies, safely
handled and easily applied.

kills Potato
Bugs, and
other pests that
chew foliage. Sold
in 1 lb. cartons, tin
canisters and in bulk.

Grape Dust

is a fungicide prevent-
ing mildew and other
plant diseases. Equally
effective for greenhouse
or outdoor use. An
''*«o easily applied powder.

Ask your Dealer

Most large seed stores sell Hammond’s
Gold Medal Remedies. Let us mail you
a free copy of “Insects and Blights”
which, for thirty-six years has helped
this nation save gardens.

mafk-

HAMMOND’S PAINT AND SLUG SHOT WORKS

BEACON NEW YORK

PEONIES— IRISES

Tokio, 8 Inches in Diameter

Now is the time to see them in bloom and make your selection for fall
planting. You need not depend upon a catalogue description — come in
and enjoy our wonderful display this season and next year you will
enjoy your own.

Twenty years of personal attention have developed strong one, two and
three-year plants in over 150 of the most desirable varieties.

If it is not convenient for you to visit us, no doubt your peony-loving neigh-
bor can show you, with pride, some choice plants he has purchased from

S. G. HARRIS, Peony Specialist
Tarry town Box a New York

Send for Special Peony Catalogue

272

V

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

PROBABLE no collection of Irises
excels that which is now in bloom
at Wyomissing. Here the expert in
Irises can find rare varieties to add
to his treasured collection; here the
beginner may learn his first lesson in
growing these “Orchids of the Gar-
den”— a fanciful name which an en-
thusiastic visitor gave to my Wyo-
missing Seedlings.

From time to time I have pre-
sented to readers of Garden Maga-
zine special selections of Irises so
that new varieties might be found
in the best gardens. This season I
offer two collections, both of them
containing varieties that are not ex-
celled in loveliness.

FARR’S

NEW IRISES

Wyomissing Collection

Eldorado, bronze and purple SI. 50

Hiawatha, lavender and purple - -- -- -- -- '75

Prosper Laugier, bronze-red - -- -- -- -- - 75

Kathleen, rosy lilac - -- -- -- -- -- -- 5Q

Princess Victoria Louise, sulphur-yellow and plum color .50
White Knight, pure snow-white - -- -- -- -- j 00
Swatara, lobelia-blue, and bright violet ------ 75

Glory of Reading, deep blue, royal purple ----- 1 00

Quaker Lady, lavender, ageratum-blue and old gold - - .75

Rose Unique, bright violet-rose - -- -- -- -- 75

Jacquesiana, coppery crimson - -- -- -- -- 50

Iris King, clear lemon-yellow and maroon ------ .50

12 plants (one of each variety) for $7.50

Rainbow Collection

Arnols, rosy bronze and purple - -- -- -- -- - $25

Blue Boy, blue, with blue beard - -- -- -- -- '75

Grand Bouquet, rose mauve, crimson marked with white

and brown - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- - 50

Juniata, clear blue; fragrant ---- - 50

James Boyd, light blue and dark violet - -- -- -- .50

Lohengrin, soft rose; large - -- -- -- -- -- ,50

Massasoit, venetian-blue - -- -- -- -- -- - '50

Mrs. H. Darwin, pure white with violet tinge at base - - .20

Nibelungen, fawn yellow and violet-purple ----- '50

Pauline, pansy-violet; fragrant - -- -- -- -- - 50

Trautlieb, soft rose - -- -- -- -- -- -- - 5()

Rhein Nixe, pure white and deep violet-blue ----- 75

12 plants (one of each variety) for $5.00

My complete collection of Irises and Peonies, together
with the most popular perennials, shrubs and evergreens,
are fully described in

Farr's Hardy Plant Specialties

a book of over a hundred pages, with many illustrations
in natural colors and photographic reproductions. This
book is too valuable for miscellaneous distribution, but a
copy will be sent on receipt of $ 1 , which sum may be de-
ducted from your first order amounting to $10.

BERTRAND H. FARR

Wyomissing Nurseries Co.

104 Garfield Ave.,
Wyomissing, Penna.

THE ROMANCE OF OUR TREES by Ernest H. Wilson, M. A., V. M. H.
For tree lovers and book lovers both. Limited edition. Illustrated. Net $10.00

Will You Take My Word for the Merits of These

PEONIES?

All told, I grow about a hundred different Peonies. Among them are the best stand-
ard sorts, plus the finest of the Hollis collection. Frequently I am asked to recommend
a few good ones and I never fail to include these:

Alexander Dumas —Splendid violet-rose crown with creamy-white collar . . $1.00 each

Queen Victoria — Large milk-white guards with creamy-white center and crimson

I specks. Very fragrant. $1.00 each

Sir Thomas Lipton — Bright rosy-crimson with showy golden-yellow stamens. Fra-
grance pronounced $1.00 each

SPECIAL OFFER— I will. send one strong, sure-to-grow root
of each of the above three leaders for . . $2.00 postpaid

Be sure to secure a copy of my Fall catalogue of Iris. Peonies, Phlox, as well as bulbs for Fall planting. If your
name is not on my regular mailing list, please write for a copy to-day.

J. K. ALEXANDER, World’s Largest Dahlia Grower, 27-29 Central Sf., East Bridgewater, Mass.

THE DOUBLY
SERVICEABLE DASHEEN

IF YOU could have a bed of attractive foliage
1 plants during the summer, and at the end of
the season use the roots in the preparation of a
palatable and nutritious food, wouldn’t you

care to do so?

This is exactly what may be done with the
Trinidad Dasheen, a member of the Colocasia
family, the tuberous rootstock of which, variously
known as Taro, Eddoes, and Cocoes serves as an
important article of food in the far East and in
some of the Pacific islands. Its foliage closely
resembles that of the familiar Caladium or
Elephant’s Ear to which it is related.

THE OBLIGING DASHEEN

Fourteen ounces of Dasheen from an-ounce-and-
a-half cormel, as shown above, is not an extraor-
dinary yield. Why not not add this easily grown,
palatable, and nutritious root to your menu?

Introduced into the United States by the
Agricultural Department a few years ago, this
semi-tropical plant bids fair to become a staple I
food crop, especially in the South, where, on
account of the moderate climate, it develops to
perfection.

The edible root or corm contains more starch,
sugar, and protein than does the potato; and when
boiled possesses a flavor somewhat like that of
the potato, and yet suggesting the chestnut.
The flesh is usually white, though it sometimes
has a bluish tinge.

There are a number of appetizing ways in
which the corm may be prepared; when boiled, it
should be served while hot, in order to be en-
joyed to the utmost. As there is a mucilaginous
substance just beneath the skin, the latter is
easily removed after cooking.

While the Dasheen is really a long-season
plant requiring about seven months for full
development, fair sized corms and cormels may
be produced even in the North, if it is planted as
soon as danger of frost is past. The accompany-
ing illustration shows a corm and cormels weigh-
ing a total of fourteen ounces, resulting from the :
planting of a one and one half ounce cormel.
This plant had a growing season of five months,
in soil of only fair richness.

In growing the Dasheen, care must be taken
to give it plenty of water, and a rich sandy soil
will be found most conducive to good root forma-
tion.

Dasheens planted in the centre of a bed and j
surrounded by Cannas, make a most pleasing i
effect in the garden.

H. S. Tillotson, Philadelphia. Pa.

i The Garden Magazine, Jane, 1921

273

TN THE MONTH OF BRIDES and the breath of orange blossoms, the new
^ Wallace pattern is most happily announced: the “Hostess” — in honor of the
bride of today who is the hostess of tomorrow!

It is symbolic of all that the name “Hostess” implies — graciousness, dignity and cor-
rectness. Its pure simplicity of line and ornament form a design of chaste beauty. The
“Hostess” typifies the distinctiveness and enduring charm of every Wallace pattern.

As a wedding gift, the “Hostess” pattern is ideally suitable. It is presented in
flatware service and hollow ware, including tea and coffee sets, dishes, trays and
other pieces to match.

R.' Wallace & Sons Mfg.'Co.

clVallingford — ■ (Connecticut

SILVERSMITHS FOUNDED 1835

Hostess

correct pattern in

«*»H835 ««

TC* WALLACE

tjCAVlE9T

Silver Plate

Teaspoons, Set of Six,
$3.25. Combinations in
Chests, $30.00, up. Guar
anteed without time limit.

THE WALLACE HOSTESS BOOK tells in text, diagrams and
pictures just what every hostess should know. Profusely illus-
trated with correct table settings. Sent postpaid for SU cents. Address:
Hostess Department, Box No. 6.

Sterling & “Plate

DRAWN BY NEYSA McMEIN

274

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

Van

Waueren’s

Qiant

(Vfaiuval Size)

[QUESTIONABLY the largest Trumpet Daffodil in existence.
Monster Bulbs, from Originator, $3.00 per Dozen; $20.00 per Hundred,

on orders received prior to July 1st.

Similarly Attractive Offers of Superior Quality Bulbs in our Special Import Folder — sent on Request.

John Scheepers, Inc., Flower Bulb Specialists Fifth Avenue at Forty-Fourth Street New York City

'-'v

he Garden Magazine, June, 1921

273

Buy Direct of the Growers:

Walter Blom (®» Son

Overveen, Holland

Established 1870

Why are Blom’s Bulbs so much in demand?

Because only the best qualities and sorts are
selected, the packing is done correctly and neatly
and best possible value for money is given.

Apply for catalogue without delay and try

Blom’s Bulbs

They will give you the highest satisfaction
Delivered free in New York

Address :

J. A. deVeer, Sole Agent, 15 Park Row, NewYork

Fertilize Lawn and Garden the New Way

By the use of the

FERTALL GUN and Ball Fertilizer

yr Illustration shows balls in gun. Water passing through dissolves balls,
carrying fertilizer to grass, flowers, shrubbery, or vegetable garden

The FERTALL GUN-$2.50

— A unique invention — made of polished brass, attached to the garden
hose or sprinkler, forms a convenient handle. Need not be removed.

FERTALL BALLS

8 charges (48 balls), $1.00. One charge sufficient to fertilize, one time, 800 square feet

S FERTALL BALLS are sparkling, all-soluble, no-waste, odorless, stainless plant food

that stimulates and revives grass or garden plants and flowers and discourages weeds.
FERTALL TABLETS for potted plants, box of 12, 10c. 3 boxes. 25c.

Combination Offer

MAIL ORDER COUPON m

1 FERTALL GUN and 8 charges

| (48 FERTALL BALLS)— sufficient

| for a season’s feeding of a moder-

5 ate size la>vn. By (t* O f-

5 ;;r' Post Prcpaid Jpj.ou

Fertall Co., Newark, N. J.

Enclosed is $3.50 for which send me your guar-
anteed Fertall Gun and 8 charges of Fertall Balls
by mail, postpaid, with privilege of return within
30 days if not satisfactory.

\ The Fertall Co.

Name

9 Campbell St., Newark, N. J.

Street and Number

City Stale

Plant Iris Next Month

and We’ll Guarantee

RESUL TS!

Now is just the time to have your Iris Garden arranged.
The sooner after blossoming the Iris are transplanted,
the stronger and more vigorous your plants are for next
Spring. I will guarantee every plant transplanted from
June to August a strong and flowering plant next year—
and looking like a two-year-old.

Try These “Bound-to-Please” Kinds

A few very choice varieties — and the best colors

Each Doz. 100

Atropurpurea — Very dark purple .25 $2.50 $18.00

Aurea— Very good chrome yellow — one of the best .20 2.00 15.00

Florentine Alba — The best white — very early .10 1.00 7.00

Florentine Purple — The best purple — very early .10 1.00 7.00

Black Prince — Beautiful dark purple .25 2.50 20.00

Loreley — Fall of deep ultra-marine blue, veined
with creamy white and bordered sulphur-

yellow— a beautiful contrast .25 2.50 20.00

Mitras — Standardspale yellow, fallsvioletshaded,

with claret and yellow border .25 2.50 20.00

Madame Chereau — This is one of the finest Iris;
very tall, on a strong spike filled with dozens
of lavender, white-in-center, flowers. Must

be in every collection .15 1.50 10.00

Princess Victoria Louise — Standard pure sul-
phur-yellow, falls rich plum color, with

cream-colored edges 50 5.00 40.00

Queen of May — This is undoubtedly the best

pink; beautiful .25 2.50 20.00

Royal Purple — A large dark purple without any

shading 50 5.00 40.00

Sherwin Wright — Deep golden-yellow; makes a

good combination with royal purple .50 5.00 40.00

Trautlieb — A lovely shade of delicate pink . .25 2.50 20.00

Plant also now, the same as Iris, a few Painted
Daisies — colors red, white, pink. They give
you more satistaction than any other flowers .25 2.50 20.00

Chautauqua Flowerfield Co.

C. Zeestraten, Prop., R. F. D. 69

Bemus Point
New York

274

Reproduction from
photograph showing
Cornell underground
system in operation.

WATER SUPPLY AND IRRIGATION
SYSTEMS FOR PRIVATE ESTATES

The Cornell Systems of Irriga-
tion— underground, overhead
and portable— are used in the
grounds of many of the larg-
est and best known estates
throughout the world.

The Cornell Irrigation Sys-
tems will make your lawns
noticeably more handsome,
flowers more profuse, and

gardens more productive.

The Cornell Systems may be
installed at any time without
injury or unsightliness to lawn
or garden.

Write to-day for illustrated
booklet, describing permanent
and portable outfits for coun-
try estates, country clubs, and
gardens.

W. G. CORNELL COMPANY

Engineers and Contractors

45 E. 17th Street, New York City

Plumbing, Heating, Lighting

Chicago

Baltimore

Washington

Boston

Pittsburgh

Norfolk

Philadelphia

Kansas City

Cleveland

Newark

Systems of Irrigation

A Tonic. THE LIBRARY OF THE OPEN ROAD, by David Grayson
5 Vols. Leather, boxed $12.50. Singly $ 2.50 . At all booksellers. DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.

PETERSON’S GUARANTEED

w H

IRIS and PEONIES

OUR GUARANTEE

i\. w

We will replace with three every plant bloom-

ing untrue to description.

Send for new descriptive price list

< fVi

PETERSON NURSERY

fill

Stock Exchange Bldg. CHICAGO, ILL.

1L

1 he Garden Magazine, June, U

; Imp soap

'SPRAY

*Sure Insect Killer

p . . .... .. _____

I compound that is destructive to insects with-
out injuring plants or roots. Does not spot
leaves, fruit, grass or deface paint work. May
be used on fruit trees; shade trees; flowering
shrubs; vines; garden truck; and on all sorts
of plants, both under glass and out of doors.

It is most effective against rose bug; mill bug:
white, black, green and rhododendron fly; red
spider ; thrips ; aphis ; fruit pests ; elm leaf
beetle and moths. Very economical, one gallon
is mixed with 25 to 40 gallons of water. Full
directions on each can. Order direct if your
dealer cannot supply.

Pint can

$ .50

.75

2.25

10.00

10 .. ..

18.00

r F. E. ATTEAUX & CO., Inc.

176 Purchase St,
BOSTON MASS.

3106

ORCHIDS |

We have for sale a small choice and well selected f
Collection of Orchids which we are selling for a pri- i
vate gentleman.

Prices are low — ask for special list No. 75.

LAGER & HURRELL, Orchid Groicers
Summit New Jersey 3

HOME ATTRACTIONS

Suitable and Suggestive for Beautifying
Home Grounds with

Pergolas, Rose Arbors, Lattice Fences, \ E
Garden Houses and Garden Accessories E

Our illustrated catalogue contains just the [
tilings required to lend cheer and pleasure to jj
the surroundings of home.

(When writing enclose I
ioc and ask for catalogue

“H-33”)

Hartmann-Sanders Co.

Factory,. Showroom
and Main Office:

2155-87 Elston Ave.
Chicago, 111.

Eastern Office and
Showroom :

6 East 39th Street
New York City

275

he Garden Magazine, Jane, 1921

.

-

A Book of Hints On
Linking-Up Garage and Greenhouse

A book full of suggestions of garage designs and greenhouse link-ups. Some
are photos— others sketches. All are accompanied by plans. Of equal value
whether you are joining-to, or building new. You are welcome to a copy.

m p a ny*

Home office and factory: Elizabeth, N. J.

York: 101 Park Are. Boston-9: 294 Washington St.

THE ELM CITY NURSERY CO

NEW HAVEN, CONN.

Iris Kaempferi

Special Sale Price
Strong 3 Eye Divisions

8000 Pyramid, Double Royal Purple.

8000 Sana-Watashi, Early Pure White.

8000 Banda-nomani, Double White, Rich
Golden Band.

5000 Gold Band, Double, Pure White.

All the above are vigorous growing vari-
eties, excellent for Landscape effect and cut
flower purposes.

DDICCC IMMEDIATE
riUUCO DELIVERY

Per Doz. $1.00; per 100 $9.00; per 1000 $80.00.

50 each of the 4 varieties listed above, 200 in
all, for $15.50.

500 of each of the 4 varieties listed above, 2000
in all, for $145.00.

Typical Japanese Iris bloom

THE ELM CITY NURSERY COMPANY

WOODMONT NURSERIES, INC. New Catalogue Free

NEW HAVEN, Near Yale Bowl CONN

Introducers of Box-Barberry and Ibolium Privet

276

The Carden Magazine, June, 1921

You Should See My Garden

Attractive? Yes, indeed. The rows are long and
straight and the growth is vigorous. Work? No. Just
pleasure. A few minutes a day, pushing an IRON AGE
Wheel Hoe up and down the rows keeps the moisture
in the soil, routs the weeds, and gives one just enough
exercise to really enjoy life. Then there’s the interest —
may we not say excitement- — of watching our efforts
blossom forth and fruit!

IRON AGE

Garden Tools

make gardening easy. And they make it successful, too. There
are side hoes for shallow, close-up mulching; cultivator teeth which
are used for deeper work; plows for furrowing and for throwing
soil to and from the rows; rakes for pulverizing, etc., etc. Some
models are used with either one or two wheels, astride the rows or
down the middles. Others have high wheels and landside plows.
Some can be quickly changed into seeders that plant in hills or
drills, furrowing, planting, covering, packing and marking the next
row all at once.

// you halt a garden, no waiter what its size, there is an IRON AGE
tool to suit Write to-day for booklet, “ Modern Gardening." It’s free.

BATEMAN AND COMPANIES, INC.

347 Madison Avenue New York City

Oil Ivon FENCING Chain link

Now it Enterprise Fencing costs you less now

Costs Less! t*1311 at any time since the war. Buy
Enterprise Fencing — buy it now — and
save substantially on that fencing you have been want-
ing. You can’t buy fencing anywhere that is better than
Enterprise — backed by 36 years of specialized experience.
Our catalogue pictures and describes many attractive
styles and designs. Write to-day for this catalogue,
mentioning purpose for which fencing is desired.

ENTERPRISE IRON WORKS

Fence Builders for 36 Years

2424 Yandes St. INDIANAPOLIS

Protects and
Beautifies

HOMES

ESTATES

PARKS

CHURCHES

HOSPITALS

CEMETERIES

COLLEGES

SCHOOLS

ASYLUMS

FACTORIES

PUBLIC BLDGS.

Etc., Etc.

and Enhances Their
Value

He Overthrew
Bela Kurt

Marshal Foch said it would re-
quire 250,000 men to dispose of
Bela Kun, Red Dictator of Hun-
gary. But T. T. C. Gregory of
San Francisco and his associates
in the Hoover Relief Administra-
tion accomplished it while the
Peace Conference was sparring for
time.

How they did it makes one of the
most dramatic chapters of history
ever written. Gregory himself has
given the story to the WORLD’S
WORK. The hatching of the
scheme, the strange coincidences
that made it feasible, everything
is told in the June number of

T. T. C. GREGORY
of San Francisco

TM B

Worlds Work

The great magazine of in-
formation, a big brother of Gar-
den Magazine and Country
Life, all published by Double-
day, Page & Co. 35c at all
newsstands, or send $ 2.00 for
trial subscription for seven
months.

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
Garden City, N. Y.

Send me The WORLD’S WORK for 1
I enclose $2.00.

Name

Address

months.

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

277

Plan NOW

for your Fall Plant- B
ing. When your g
home grounds are at |
their best, you can
plan and imagine im-
jS provements more

rpi easily. Send for our

newest illustrated
catalogue.

"Moons' Nurseries \

Morrisville Pennsylvania ^

Plan Your Wild Garden

During the Summer Months

You will save time, trouble and
expense by getting everything ready
for Fall planting before September
first. A good time to start is right now.

Decide where you will locate your
Wild-Flower Sanctuary or rock gar-
den, or bog garden. Clean out the
dead wood, brambles and rubbish.
Note what ferns and flowering plants
grow there now. Send for our un-
usual Catalogue. It will tell you of
other beautiful, easily-grown things
you should have. Put your problems
up to us. Don’t hesitate to write
; and ask for advice. Address the
nearest office.

| Edward Gillett, Fern and Flower Farm
Southwick, Mass.

Herbert Durand, Associate

' 286 Fifth Avenue, New York City

Great for youngsters are Hodgson
Portable Play Houses. They are easy
to erect and are warm, cozy and
attractive.

Hodgson Houses are used, too, for
studios, garages, cottages, poultry
houses, etc. Clear instructions for
erection are furnished with each house.
Skilled labor is not needed.

Write for illustrated catalog.

E. F. HODGSON CO.

Room 228,71-73 Federal St., Boston, Mass.

6 East 39th Street, New York City

HODGSON HOUSES

ON SULTRY August days, when the sun gives the ther-
mometer a “rush of blood to the head,” you’ll find
comfort beneath the dense foliage of a Norway Maple,
or a graceful Linden. There you can take things easy; there
you may consider life’s varied aspects to your heart’s content:
there, on free afternoons, you can w atch the butterflies daintily
dancing about the flowers, and hear the busy drone of the
bees — glad that you don’t have to rush about as they do.

You Can Have Shade Like This
In a Week's Time — or Less

In our nursery rows there are many Time-Saving Trees, with
well shaped heads and wide spreading branches. You can
possess some of these at any time and on short notice for we
move them all summer (motor truck or freight) and guarantee
them to grow.

Home Landscapes, our latest catalogue, gives more information
about Hicks Time-Saving Trees and describes and illustrates
in color many delightful perennial plants and flowering
shrubs. It is chock full of hints that are practical and helpful.
Send for a copy, we’ll mail it free of charge.

HICKS NURSERIES U|£|£C

Box M, Westbury, L. I., New York " "

fTT “Rudyard Kipling’s Verse, Inclusive Edi-
tion 1885-1918” (By Rudyard Kipling). Brander
Matthews calls it "A gathering of the greatest poetry of our
generation.'' Net. $5.00. Published by Doubleday, Page & Co.

Vegetable Plants

BY MAIL

All leading varieties. Cabbage, beets, Doz. lOcts., 100
45 cts., 500 $1.25, 1000 $2.00. Cauliflower. Doz. 15 cts.,
100 60 cts., 500 $2.00, 1000 $3.00. Peppers, Doz. 30
cts., 3 Doz. 75 Cts., 100 $1.50, 500 $6.00, 1000 $8.50.
Asters, Doz. 15 cts., 4 Doz. 45 cts., 100 65 cts., 500 $2.50,
1000 $.4.50. Sweet Potatoes, Doz. 15 cts., 100 50 cts.,
500 $2.00, 1000 $3.50. Tomatoes, Doz. 15 cts., 100
50 cts., 500 $2.00, 1000 $3.50. Prices are prepaid. Safe
delivery guaranteed. Plant catalogue free.

P. L. ROHRER & BRO.

Smoketown Lancaster County Pa.

Rhododendron Maximum

In car lots

Mt. Laurel

In car lots

Fruit Trees, Fruit Plants, Roses

and other Ornamental trees and plants
Send List of Wants for Price

MORRIS NURSERY CO.

1133 Broadway, New York City

278

In a Skinner System watered garden you can do un-
heard of things. Transplanting in the sunshine, for
instance. You can sow things way along late in the
season. Do things that all the wise ones will tell
you are impossible.

You can get at least two, and often three weeks

jump on weather-watered gardens. You can pro-
long your garden at least that much.
y es, and even use it as a frost protection, which
it does in a way that will open your eyes.

Send for full particulars. Be so good as to tell us
the size of your garden.

The Skinner Irrigation Co

THE BAY STATE NURSERIES, North Abington, Mass.

Carry a very complete line of

Northern-Grown Nursery Stock. Satisfaction guaranteed.

Price list will be sent to interested parties.

THE MONTH of June is the
ideal time to plant the gor-
geous tender or tropical

Nymphaeas.

We offer strong, pot-grown plants
of a grand assortment of both day
and night blooming varieties in ail
colors, also Victoria Trickeri.
Hardy Nymphaeas and Nelumbiums
cannot be supplied at this season.

All are described in Dreer’s Garden
Book which also gives full informa-
tion on growing Flowers and Vege-
tables of all kinds.

A copy free if you mention this publication

We offer free to our patrons the advice of
our experts in devising plans for ponds and
selecting varieties.

HENRY A. DREER, 714-716 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

■■ ■

j

The Garden Magazine, June

a-^mm

STANDARD
HE WORLD

TT-

WJ

Suitable Designs of Iron Fence and
Gates for town houses, suburban homes,
country estates and all other properties.

We invite correspondence with those
who are interested. Estimates furnished.

The Stewart Iron Works Co., Inc.

“The World's Greatest Iron Fence Builders ”
220 Stewart Block, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Sales and Construction Representatives
in Principal Cities.

WRITE FOR BOOK OF DESIGNS.

IRIS SEEDLINGS

I have originated a number of Iris Seedlings
which are in demand, namely, May Rose,
Sunnybrook, Taffeta, etc., etc.

My garden contains over two hundred varie-
ties including such rare kinds as Shelford
Giant, Perry’s Blue and Tectorum Alba.

This season's catalogue describes and prices these and
many varieties that are exclusive; it is sent on request.

Visitors are always welcome.

MRS. FRANCES E. CLEVELAND
Sunnybrook Farm Iris Garden
Eatontown, New Jersey

Moss Aztec Pottery

Offers a wide choice of objects, from simple fern
dishes and bud vases to impressive jardinieres
and plant stands. Its predominating charac-
teristic is refined elegance in designs and colors.
A post card request will bring you the “Moss

Aztec” cata-
logue and
name of near-
est dealer.

ZANE
POTTERY
COMPANY
So. Zanesville, 0.

IRIS

1. — Lent A. Williamson

Tall bearded Iris

2. — Dorothea K. Williamson

Apogon hybrid

3. — Mixed Seedlings

WRITE FOR CIRCULAR TO

E. B. WILLIAMSON

BLUFFTON INDIANA

279

3 e Carden Magazine, June, 1921

I

Dodson Purple Martin House
(cottage style) 28 compartments,
32x27 in. Prire $16.00. Other
styles up to $78.00.

Dodson Bluebird
House. Built of
solid oak, cypress shin-
gles and copper coping.

-A

Cultivate the Song Birds

Invite the Wrens, Flickers, Martins, Swallows, Chickadees, Blue Birds and countless
other feathered songsters. They will come to your grounds and stay if you erect

Dodson Bird Houses

You will enjoy hearing the birds sing and watching them
feed their young. They will eliminate mosquitos, gnats, and
other annoying insects which destroy your trees, shrubbery
and garden.

Dodson Bird Houses are built by Mr. Dodson who has
spent 30 years in studying the birds and their habits. He

has embodied in his houses the little details necessary for
the birds’ comfort and protection which attract and keep
them with you.

Thousands of birds flock to beautiful Bird Lodge,

Mr. Dodson’s home and Bird Sanctuary on the
Kankakee River.

/^v 7 TV T Free Book “Your Bird Friends and How to Win Them,”

TCI C T liO ff)— • se11*- on request illustrating Dodson line and giving prices;

free also a beautiful colored bird picture worthy of framing.

709 Harrison Ave., Kankakee,

JOSEPH H. DODSON, Audubon Association 709 Harrison Ave., Kankakee, 111.

Dodson Sparrow Trap, guaranteed to rid your community of these quarrelsome pests, price $8.00.

V

T

■

V

< t.

The Distinctive Home —

It’s not a matter of money

YOU can make YOUR
home the most distinc-
tive in your community.

Not shocking with gaudy
luxuries, but with that
richness and taste and
individuality that re-
quires art to create.

Just the “touch” that
makes an “Interior” out
of a “Room” — all that
is beautiful and useful
in Architecture — correct
draperies, correct fur-
nishings— the newest
styles, and the English
and Colonial effects.

All the details and un-
certainties in your plans
for home building, or
remodeling, or interior
decorating, grounds,
estates, as well as horses,
dogs, motors, sports,
everything for the Coun-
try Dweller, is pleasing-
ly satisfied in Country
Life.

The richest and most luxuriously illustrated magazine in the world.
A Doubleday, Page & Company magazine along with The WORLD’S
WORK, and GARDEN MAGAZINE. A trial subscription 7 months
for $2.00 (Regular price $5.00 a year). Or at the newsstands 50c a copy.

Doubleday, Page & Co. Garden City, New York

Any Time is Pruning Time

THERE is need for a good pruning shear
every month in the year. The best time
to prune is when shrubs or trees are at rest.
But shaping up, restricting and training must
be done constantly.

Good Shears Needed

A clean cut heals quickly. A bruised cut
spells danger. You are sure to get a clean
cut if you use

Bartlett’s Drop Forge Secateur

a crucible steel hand-pruner without compar-
ison. Quality guaranteed. Extra parts
priced moderately. Sent anywhere for $3.00
postpaid; if your dealer cannot supply it.

Write for descriptive circular of this and
other handy garden helps.

Bartlett Manufacturing Co.

429 East Lafayette Ave. Detroit, Michigan

Country Life

280

The Garden Magazine, June, 19

n<c

Drawn by one horse and operated by one man, the
TRIPLEX MOWER will mow more lawn in a day
than the best motor mower ever made, cut it better
and at a fraction of the cost. Drawn by one horse
and operated by one man, it will mow more lawn in
a day than any three ordinary horsedrawn mowers

with three horses and three men. One mower may
be climbing a knoll, the second skimming a level and
the third paring a hollow. Does not smash the grass
to earth and plaster it in the mud in springtime nor
crush out its life between hot rollers and hard hot
ground in summer as does the motor mower.

The Public is Warned not to purchase mowers infringing the Townsend Patent No. 1,209,519, Dec. 19, 1916.

Send for Catalogue illustrating all types of TOWNSEND MOWERS

The Greatest Grass-
cutter on Earth, cuts a
Swath 86 inches wide.

TOWNSENDS’

TRIPLEX

S. P. TOWNSEND & CO.

248 Glenwood Ave.,
Bloomfield, N. J.

Floats Over the Uneven
Ground as a Ship Rides
the Waves

ROSE BUSHES FOR SALE

3 year old plants of Francis Scott Key, Ophelia,
Premier and White Killamey. 75c each, 3 for $2.00,
$7.00 per doz. Parcel post 25c extra each 3 plants.

PEIRCE BROTHERS, WALTHAM, MASS.

THIS BOOK
ON HOME
BEAUTIFYING

FRE

Contains practical
suggestions on how to
make your home artis-
tic, cheery and invit-
ing. Explains how you
keep the finish of your
woodwork, floors and furniture in perfect condition.

DECORATING?

This book gives complete specifications for finish-
ing hard and soft woods. Tells how to finish old
and new furniture and woodwork in artistic stained
effects with Johnson’s Wood Dye, and in latest
enameled effects with Johnson’s Perfectone
Enamel. Gives full directions on the care of
floors — how you can easily make and keep them
beautiful with

Johnson's
Prepared Wax

Ask your best dealer in paints for a copy of the Johnson Book
on Home Beautifying. If he is unable to furnish it write us,
mentioning your dealer's name, and we will mail you a copy free.

S. C. JOHNSON & SON, Dept. GM, Racine, Wis.

"The Wood Finishing Authorities”
Canadian Factory — Brantford

MFUH “JUPITER”

1 v 1-^ W Ball Bearing Double Rotary

SPRINKLER

The Sprinkler Par Excellence for
Large Lawns, Vegetable Gardens, Golf Links,
Parks, Cemeteries, Nurseries

SAVES: Time, Labor, Hose

and works better. Write for prospectus.

W. SCHAUMANN Seattle, Wash. ?

\

J

LANDSCAPE SEKVICE

WILLIAM E. ALLEN

Landscape architect

PLANS. ESTIMATES. DESIGNS. FOP, PRIVATE
ESTATES. PAKKS. INSTITUTIONAL GROUNDS
5915 WELLESLEY AVENUE PITTSBURGH. PA.

Darwin

Tulips

Special Offer
for

Advanced Orders

Clara Butt —

Soft salmon Doz. 100
rose . . $ .60 $3.75

Famcombe Sanders —

Scarlet, with
white base . .75 4.50

Pride of Haarlem —

Old rose . . .75 4.50

1 dozen of each — 36 bulbs — $2.00 postpaid.
100 of each — 300 bulbs — $11.50, parcel
post free.

WILLIAM M. HUNT & COMPANY, Inc.
148 Chambers Street New York

Send for our
Special Strawberry
and Fall Bulb
Catalogue

GROW ACOMMUNITY FLOWE

/COMMUNITIES are often times famed 1
this or that historic building, for th
manufactures, or for some picturesque hum
landmark; but have you ever thought of making j
community flower the basis of the fame of yo
town?

This can be done by votes taken in the schoo |
clubs, or, better still, can be managed by a contc
conducted by the town paper. For examp |

THE EASILY GROWN COREOPSIS

A community flower should be one that every
"Tom, Dick, and Harry ” can grow everywhere

suppose the town selects as its favorite flower the
Coreopsis. When this has become the emblem
of the town, everybody who has a garden and
who likes to dig, at once begins to make the
Coreopsis the end and aim of at least some of his,
or her, digging. In that way every garden in the
community will, before long, blossom forth with a
fringe of joyous, deep golden-yellow, little flowers,
bound to gladden the eye and heart of all who
pass. I mention the Coreopsis because it is
such a giddy, gaudy, hardy, jubilant little
bloomer, making friendly repayment for any care
bestowed upon it by a free profuseness of bloom.

Of course, some other kind of flower may be
selected, perhaps a fragrant type of red Rose,
which — stranger things have happened— may
bring a town long noted for political or other
corruption into order again with the rest of the
world.

In any event the idea should, 1 think, be spread.
It is the kind of propaganda that hurts no one and
would benefit all.

In spreading the gospel of the community
flower a knowledge of the folklore connected with

(< Continued on page 282)

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

281

PEONIES

FIVE DOLLARS EACH

ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY
DOLLARS EACH

The Finest and Scarcest Vari-
eties of Peonies in the World

A twenty-two page illustrated
booklet showing prize winning
peonies, will be sent free to any one
who asks for it.

My price list goes with the
booklet.

LEE R. BONNEWITZ

Washington St., VAN WERT, OHIO

It's Lots More Fun!

Grow Your
Own!

-$cKlir\g$ $eed$

24 West 59th Street New York |

EVERYBODY wants Perennials
— and wants them in generous
measure, to secure the desired
effects in color and charm. If you
delay and finally buy plants, the
cost mounts high; an attractive
perennial border may require seve-
ral hundred dollars worth of plants.

Exactly the same result can be se-
cured with $io to $15 worth of
SEEDS! And aside from the money
saving you have the fascination of grow-
ing your own plants, nursing them from
the beginning, and loving them all the
more! Sow your seeds now, in June, and
the plants will bloom next year.

Write at once for our complete price list
of Perennial Seeds!

CJ Special Offer to Garden Magazine Readers

1. A New Tufted Pansy (Pansy-Violet) (Lord Beaconsfield). Has the com-
bined perfume of the pansy and the violet. Upper petals, purple; lower,
white. Beautiful shading. Unlike the pansy, this will bloom all summer.

Pkt. 50 cts.

2. Fringed Moonpenny Daisy. A beautiful white perennial Marguerite with
plume-shaped laciniated petals on long stems; superb for cutting. Pkt. 50 cts.

3. New Siberian Hardy Wallflower. Will survive our severest winters and
is a plant of great beauty, with gorgeous orange flowers and shiny dark-green
foliage. Grows about 15 inches high and blooms the whole season. Pkt. 50 cts.

ALL THREE FOR $1.00

Book for Garden Lovers (25c) sent free with above.

• MAX SCHLING, Seedsmen, Inc., 24 West 59th Street, New York

¥ GERMAN, in fine unnamed.

I r\ I JAPANESE, in fine mixture.

* * ^ SIBERIAN in mixture of white and blue.

VERSICOLOR, in blue only.

Descriptive Catalogue gladly mailed on request.

AMHERST NURSERY, AMHERST, MASS.
“Over Thirty Years at Work with Plants**

COLOUR IN MY GARDEN

By LOUISE BEEBE WILDER

A practical colour manual, with exquisite paintings made from
the author’s own garden. Net, $10.0G

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. Garden City, N. Y.

STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT,
Etc., OF THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, published in accordance
with the Act of Congress of August 24, 1912; Publishers, Doubleday,
Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y.; Editor, Leonard Barron, Garden
City, N. Y.; Owners, Doubleday. Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y.

Stockholders holding 1 per cent, or more of total amount of stock on
April 1, it)2i. F. N. Doubleday, Garden City, N. Y.; H. S.
Houston, Garden City, N. Y.; S. A. Everitt, Garden City, N. Y.;
A. W. Page, Garden City, N. Y.; Russell Doubleday, Garden City,
N. Y.; Nelson Doubleday, Garden City, N. Y.; W. F. Etberington,
New York City; Alice A. DeGraff, Oyster Bay, N. Y.; Dorothy
Doubleday Babcock, New York City; Florence VanWyck Double-
day, Oyster Bay, N. Y.: William J. Neal, New York City; Daniel
W. Nye, Garden City, N. Y.; John J. Hessian, Garden City, N. Y.;
E. French Strother, Garden City, N. Y.; W. Herbert Eaton, Garden
City, N. Y.

Known bondholders, mortgagees, and ether security holders holding
1 per cent, or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securi-
ties: None.

(Signed) DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

By S. A. Everitt, Treasurer.

Sworn to and subscribed before me this 1st day of April, 1921.

(Signed) Frank O’Sullivan, Notary Public
Queens County, N. Y.
Certificate filed in Nassau County
Commission expires March 30, 1922

jn 1 1 m 1 1 1 n i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 n 1 rn [ 11 1 1 n m 1 1 1 1 u 1 1 1 1 m 1 1 1 1 1 11 ni 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 m 1 1 1 m 1 1 1 1 h 1 1 1 n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 m 1 m 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

LATE COMERS ENCOURAGEMENT

“ Never Too Late To Mend ”

If you arrive late in the season at your country home and find your garden unsuitable and
vacant looking: don’t wait another year, — it is never too late to plant Palisades Popular
Perennials. Besides the large field clumps we send out, we have for LATE COMERS pot
grown perennials that can be planted as late as June 21st without experiencing any change
or setback.

Send for the list — free for the asking.

PALISADES NURSERIES, Inc.

Sparkill, N. Y.

iiiiiiiiiuii 1 1 1 11 nil ill 11 1 1 1 1111 1 1 nil 1 1 1" 11 1 1 inn 1 limn 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 u 11 in imimimii in mid

We make and erect FENCE for Lawns, Division Lines, Orchards, Gardens, Farms, Tennis

Court Inclosures, Poultry and

Dog Runs.

Entrance Gates

Rose Arches

Catalogue and Prices on Request

BROOK IRON WORKS, INC.
37 BARCLAY STREET
NEW YORK CITY

—We specialize in

IRISES

and grow a very comprehensive col-
lection of the better of the Standard
sorts and Recent French, English and
American Introductions of Merit.
Descriptive booklet on request.

eVU.

GROWER

IES&

6144 Lakewood Ave., Chicago, 111.

liubbarP

IriseS Ms

282

‘ The Only Shade MadeWith a Ventilator ”

IN partitioned privacy, cooled by
drifting breezes, deep, refreshing
sleep comes easily to the occu-
pant of a Vudor Shaded Porch. All
the joys of sleep in the open, yet
fully closed against sight from the
passers-by.

No other shades have Vudor advan-
tages. Canvas drops are stuffy, heat
conducting and they soil and become
unsightly quickly, besides being hard
to manage in spring and fall. Fragile
bamboo screens neither shade nor pro-
tect from view.

Vudor Shades are self-hanging and venti-
lating— they are made of wood slats beauti-
fully stained ; are lasting and practical — they
make any porch breezy, cool and comfortable —
day or night.

Send for illustrations in colors
and name of your local dealer.

HOUGH SHADE CORPORATION

270 Mills Street Janesville, Wis.

SELF-HANGING

Vudor

VENTILATING PORCH SHADES

ITT “Houseboat Days in China” ( by J. 0. P. Bland).
TU Ever an enchanting pastime, the author finds it trebly so. on
the enchanted ricers of China. Net, $2.00. At all booksellers’.

HAND MADE FLOWER HOLDERS

These holders are indispensable for short-stem flowers. Those
who have used them cannot praise them too highly. They can be
used for any kind of vase. They were invented to overcome the diffi-
culties of arranging low centerpieces without the aid of moss or sand.
Odd sizes and shapes easily made to order for special containers.
Sizes 2 to 8 inches in diameter.

Prices from $1.50 up.

Walter S. Daniels, 872 Lexington Ave., New York

Phone: Rhinelander iioq.

(Continued from page 280)

each flower proposed for adoption would get
people, especially the little people, interested
in the flower itself. Think of the wealth of
flowers we might have, and the pitiful few we do
have! Well, it is never too late to mend; so
in the year of 1921 let us dig, hoe, rake, plant,
and sprinkle twice as hard as ever before! Get
some organization or group of people in your
town together, choose a community flower, and
then do all you can to popularize the idea. In
other words help make the dream of “flowers,
flowers everywhere,” come true!

Jane Leslie Kift, Pa.

THE BEST WAY TO FEED
PLANTS

MANY kinds of plants benefit hugely at
certain periods by an application of liquid
manure. There is no better way of being sure
that the specimen gets the greatest amount of
good than that shown in the photograph. Quite
close to the main stem of the plant, a hole is

EFFECTIVE APPLICATION

This simple method prevents waste and
carries the liquid fertilizer down to the
region of the roots where most needed

opened up; this should be deep enough to sink
a pot in. The liquid is poured into the pot and
it slowly filters down through the hole in the
bottom. In this way the liquid is prevented
from running all over the soil, a common happen-
ing in the case of applications given in the ordin-
ary way. — S. Leonard Bastin.

The Garden Magazine, June, 192

Get That “Pesky’
Dandelion!

The Wonder Dandelion Digger shown to lei
does the work thoroughly and quickly withoul
strain or damage to hands or clothes. Th|
V-shaped blade cuts the roots; the fork pull
the plant, roots, top and all.

These 2 Handy $ J. .00
Garden Helps

Postpaid

To further popularize Gilson Garden Tools
we will deliver to any Garden Magazine
Reader The Wonder Dandelion Weeder and
one 5-point Gilson Scratch Weeder (handy
for work around flower teds, frames, etc.)
for One Dollar Postpaid. When order-
ing, please mention this Special Offer!

Special Booklet on how to grew
Better Crops through Cultivation
gladly mailed FREE.

J. E. Gilson Co.

101 Valley St., Port Washington, Wis.

Have a Beautiful Blooming Garden

from April until October

by planting our reliable

Irises, Peonies
Gladioli

and

We are growers and importers of the choice
varieties. Over 600 varieties of Irises.

RAINBOW GARDENS

701-2 Commerce Bldg., St. Paul, Minn.

Send for our F R E E i 1 1 u s t r a t e d catalogue

W f T TV/T ¥ T C For the price is the best
Id U 1V1 UO ^ cheapest

FERTILITY MAKER

for lawn, flower, vegetable, shrub and tree.
$5.00 for 5, 100 lb. bags, f.o.b. Stanhope, N. J.

May be used at any time

H. B. PRINDLE, 101 Park Ave., New York

Reflect Your Home in Your Driveways

WEED

An orderly home deserves to have neat,
trim driveways leading up to it.

KILLER

for years, a convenient effective means of
killing weeds.

A little sprinkled where the objectionable
clumps and stubbles grow w ill remove them
— and keep them away for months.

Excellent for Tennis Courts.

$2.00 the gallon can.

At your dealer's. Or we'll send it post-
pt id on receipt of price. Address Dept. H.

, THE SANITAS COMPANY. Inc.

33 HEAP STREET, BROOKLYN . N.Y.

ROSES

FAIRFAX ROSES are widely known for their
exquisite beauty, deep fragrance of delicate re-
finement— and long life.

Fairfax Rose plants are nurtured under natural condi-
tions— outdoors — wintered, and acclimated to all cli-
mates; tough canes and vigorous roots impart a hardi-
ness to Fairfax plants which assures thriving growth any-
where, and a full, free and beauteous bloom the first
season.

New Fairfax Rose Book Free

Send for new Rose-Book, containing beautiful illustra-
tions and descriptions of roses — ROYAL ROSES OF
PURITY AND BEAUTY — with valuable facts on grow-
ing roses.

W. R. GRAY

Box 6 Oakton, Fairfax County Virginia

7;

Tie Garden Magazine, June, 1921

283

Expert Advice Through a Visit to Your Grounds

Right selection of plants and shrubs and an intimate know-
ledge of the effects which can be obtained are essential in
planting your grounds advantageously.

For four generations the Meehans have lived and worked
among plants, gathering this intimate knowledge. Their experi-
ence is of inestimable value in the solution of planting problems.

Mr. S. Mendelson Meehan’s advice and assistance will assure
the most satisfactory selections for varied soil conditions, and
help to bring about the most pleasing effects.

Mr. Meehan is now on an 8 week’s itinerary which
can be altered in order to include additional calls.

For an appointment, involving no obligation, write

^Aomas .MEEHAN. &■ Sons

Nuritrymen ^0r^,CW^Ur**^X

Pionter Nurserymen of America

6717 Chew Street Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.

SUNDIALS

Real Bronze Colonial Designs
From $4.50 Up
Memorial Tablets

Also other garden requisites
Manufactured by

The M. D. JONES CO.
Concord Jet., Mass.

Send for illustrated Catalogue

nson.

:ns

Mass. I

IRIS

We offer for the first time varieties produced by
B1 iss, Morrison, Sturtevant, and Williamson,
Also the best of the old.

The Glen Road Iris Gardens
Grace Sturtevant, Prop.
Wellesley Farms,

YOUR GARDEN YEAR —

a really helpful seed catalogue. We will
gladly send it to you without cost.

Edward T Bromfield Seed Co.

GARDEft CITY - NEW YORK

PEONY

Karl Rosenfield

One of the finest deep crimson in existence.
It’s a Rosenfield production

Also more than a hundred other carefully select-
ed, high class varieties in a range of color and
prices, and including many of the finest in exist-
ence, such as:

La France

Elia Christine Kelway
Mme. d’ Treyeran
Mons. Martin Cahuzac, etc.

Therese
Avalanche
Eugene Verdier
Marcelle Dessert

Free Peony Booklet

All these varieties fully described in our booklet,
“Superb Peonies.” It’s FREE. Send for your
copy today.

ROSENFIELD PEONY GARDENS

72d and Bedford Ave. Omaha, Neb.

BULBS FOR FALL PLANTING

Special Offer For Orders Received Not Later Than July 15th

CHOICE DARWIN TULIPS

Baronne de la Tonnaye. Bright rose

margined blush rose

Clara Butt. Salmon rosy-pink ....

Dream. Beautiful soft lilac

Europe. Glowing salmon-scarlet
Farncombe Sanders. Beautiful scarlet,

with white base

Gretchen. Silvery pale rose, flushed white
Collection.

Doz. 100

$0.65

.65

.75

.75

.90

.60

&4.50

4.50
5.00

5.00

6.50

4.00

King Harold. Purple red, white base .

La Tulipe Noire. (The Black Tulip).
Deepest maroon .75

Doz. 100
$0.75 $5 0

Nora Ware. Silvery lilac, shaded white .
Pride of Haarlem. Bright rose, suffused

with purple

Kev. H. Ewbank. Beautiful heliotrope lilac
White Queen. White, slightly tinged blush

.75

.65

.75

.65

5.50
5.00

4.50
5.00
4.50

12 Bulbs each of the above 12 Varieties $ 7.50

CHOICE SINGLE EARLY TULIPS

Doz.

Belle Alliance. Brilliant scarlet, large flower $0.75

Chrysolora. Clear golden yellow 65

Prince of Austria. Fine orange red .65

Proserpine. Rich carmine rose 1.00

Keizerskroon. Red, with yellow margin 60

White Swan. Pure white, egg-shaped flower 65

NARCISSI OR DAFFODILS

Emperor. Large yellow, double nose bulbs
Empress. Yellow and white, double nose bulbs
Poeticus. (Pheasant Eye). White with red eye
Golden Spur. Deep yellow, double nose bulbs

Mrs. Thompson. Pure white

Von Sion. Double golden yellow, double nose bulbs

Doz.

$1.00

1.00

.60

1.00

.75

1.00

100

$5.00

4.50

4.50

7.00

4.00
4.50

100

$7.25

7.00

4.00

7.50

5.50

7.50

For full descriptions see our Bulb Catalogue for 1921, which contains an
up-to-date list of Tulips, Hyacinths, Narcissus, Forcing Plants, etc. Copy
mailed on request.

Correspondence on Horticultural Subjects is invited, and your patronage is
respectfully requested.

MULLER-SEALEY COMPANY, Inc.

Horticultural Specialists 145 West 45th Street, New York

GREEN’S

TREES AND PLANTS

Everything for Garden and Orchard

SYRACUSE, the best red raspberry grown to-day, CACO,
a wonderful, large red grape. HONEYSWEET, a new black-
cap raspberry and ROCHESTER peach, are fine producers.

Trees True to Name. Apple, peach, pear, cherry’, nut and
shade trees. Strawberry plants, raspberry’, blackberry, goose-
berry and currant bushes, vines, shrubs, roses and orna-
mentals. Best varieties. 40 years’ producing better plants.
Buy direct. Save money.

Our illustrated catalogue free

GREEN’S NURSERY CO., Box 7, Rochester, N.Y.

Practical

Edith Ripley Kennaday

Consultant in

and Decorative Gardening

Naturalistic Plantings
Perennial Plantings Shrubbery Plantings

The charm of little gardens and the balance and beauty of
larger gardens are due to careful thought and consideration
STUDIO 22M 119 East 19th Street, New York City

The Garry- nee -Dule Strain

White Delphiniums

For several years Wra. Toole, Sr., has been de-
veloping a strain of White Hybrid Delphiniums.
The first start was made from a chance white seed-
ling of D. Formosum which was crossed with the

best Hybrids. The result is some very attractive Hybrids
ranging from creamy to pure white. Selected two year old
plants, ready in September, 50c each. $5.00 per dozen.

Please ask for our illustrated Catalogue “Hardy Plants for
the Home Garden.” Not as large as some other lists but inter-
esting enough to deserve your attention. Gladly mailed free.
Let s get acquainted.

W. A. TOOLE, Garry-nee-Dule Baraboo, Wis.

FRYER S NEW IRIS

I am preparing a new descriptive catalogue, and besides my new Iris it will contain the
dependable varieties of Delphinium, Hemerocallis, Gladioli, Peonies, Phlox, Platycodon and
other flowers.

All varieties of my new Iris, where my stock of them will permit, will be greatly reduced
in price.

It will also contain half-tones of flowers in the field, and other objects of interest. One
will be a weeping form of the Colorado Blue Spruce. If interested write for copy.

Iris can be safely planted any month in the year when the ground is not frozen, but if
planted in July, August, and the first of September, they will become established, and most of
them will bloom the next season.

WILLIS E. FRYER

MANTORVILLE, MINN.

2S4

HOLLAND BULBS

Send for our Special List of Choicest

DARWIN, BREEDER and REMBRANDT TULIPS
and RARE NARCISSI

To be ordered before July 10th

WRITE FOR FALL CATALOGUE

Complete list of Bulbs, Peonies, Iris, Phlox and Hardy Perennials — just what
you want for fall planting.

Send your order for Holland Bulbs as soon as possible. By ordering early
you have our special list of rare and newer varieties, also our fall catalogue to
select from.

FRANKEN BROS. Box 152 Deerfield, 111.

GARDEN RECORD BOOK.

A Three Year Garden
Record Book for $ 1 .OO

Space for drawing plans to scale, recording
expenses, receipts and yields, thus enabling
you to make interesting comparisons and to
plan for maximum results for your outlay.

Order direct from the publisher

THOMAS GROOM & CO., 105 State St., Boston, Mass.

Peonies and Iris

All the newest European and American introductions
Highest awards from American Peony and
American Iris Societies in 1920

We publish a book of convenient size and
shape, giving full and accurate descriptions.
It gives the latest symposium ratings of
the American Peony Society; detailed
drawings, illustrating various types of
Peonies and Iris; concise cultural directions;
advice in selection of varieties; and other
valuable and interesting information.

The Peony Section was compiled by
Mr. James Boyd and the Iris Section by
Mr. John C. Wister.

It will be forwarded to any address in the
United States or Canada upon r:ceipt of
30 cents, which amount may be deducted
from remittance for first order sent to us
after receipt of book.

Price list jree on request

MOVILLA GARDENS

Haverford, Pa.

Summer Course In Horticulture

The School of Horticulture for Women, Ambler, Pa.
(18 miles from Philadelphia) offers an August Course in
Floriculture, Vegetable Gardening, Fruit Growing and Canning
and Preserving. Practical work out of doors forms a large part
of the schedule. Teachers will be especially interested in this
course. Circular upon application.

ELIZABETH LEIGHTON LEE, Director.

ANDORRA

Ornamentals exclusively
distinctive in quality and
variety for street, park
and all civic planting
6\Ve cater to the most
discriminating trade.

Have you seen ANDORRA?

ANDORRA

NURSERIES

CbmmSWLT*

You’ll Enjoy an Evening
with the New Greenhouse Book

The moment you turn the cover, you’ll
“step inside” a delightful all winter flow-
er-land— you’ll see beautiful under-glass
gardens which are bringing year-round
sunshine to the homes of their owners.

A Greenhouse for Every Home

The new Greenhouse Book will show you
Callahan greenhouses which have added
a touch of artistic beauty to country es-
tates, suburban homes, and city resi-
dences. And they are permanent, dur-
able, and economical to operate.

Callahan Sectional Greenhouses

Are built of Red Cypress with metal roof
supports. They come to you completely
finished in easy-to-handle sections. Any-
one can quickly and easily bolt the sec-
tions together.

You profit from savings effected
by factory production and the
elimination of erection expenses.
Write to-day for your copy of the
NEW GREENHOUSE BOOK.

T.J. CALLAHAN CO.

26 S, Canal St„ Dayton, Ohio

The Garden Magazine, June, 192

if

CHILDREN’S GARDENS

THE Salisbury Association of Salisbury
Connecticut, has for the last three yea;
employed a young woman to be supervisor <
children’s gardens throughout the town, and t
give her whole time during the growing season t
visiting the children in their own homes, advisin
them as to what to plant; how to care for the
growing plants; how to have two crops from th
same piece of ground; and giving that person;
encouragement that means so much to the chile
Miss Esther Frink, with her agricultural colleg
training, her thorough understanding of the chile
with the consequent love of the children for he;
is doing a splendid work.

At a recent meeting of the local Garden Clu
Miss Frink spoke on “What it Means to Conduc
a Children’s Garden Exhibit.” It had bee
found, she said, that the exhibit serves principall
to interest the grown-ups, and to prove to ther
that the children are doing something. Th
majority of the children do not like to exhibi
their vegetables, doing so only to please thei
garden supervisor; for the reason that the chil
knows the exhibited products do not form
fair basis upon which to found a judgment of hi
season’s work in the garden. It takes an expei
to have vegetables or flowers at their best for
specified date. Some children with very goo>
gardens positively refuse to exhibit, so that th
exhibition is not a test of the best garden wor
among the children. Some, having a pride i;
their products, fear that what they have workei
so hard for will not be returned to them.

In the discussion that followed, it was sug
gested that as the prize offered does not alway
stimulate the interest of all who might compete—
for, while it may be a good thing to own some
thing else, some particular plant, seed, or tool
that would cost no more, is longed for by th
child — it would therefore seem better to let th
child choose, within the limits of a specifiec
amount, the thing he wishes.

In many cases the parents give no encourage
ment whatever to the children. Miss Frink toll
of one little girl who could find only a few squan
feet of clear ground in the centre of the homi
garden plot, which consisted of a half acn
strewn with tin cans and other junk. Whei 1!
asked how soon her father was going to plow th<
garden, Nellie answered: “He isn’t going to plowut
he said he isn’t going to have a garden.” “ Then,’
said the teacher, “ I hope father will be very^
very hungry next winter.” Finally, the teacher
understanding the case, said: “Nellie, you tel
father I want that garden plowed, and it must b< ‘
ready by Thursday night.” The bit of lane
was cleared and plowed, and Nellie had a prize],
garden.

The Garden Club decided to offer prizes foi
the growing of flowers about the home, the
awards to be made, not upon the basis of tht
best flowers exhibited, but upon that of the best's
work for the season as adjudged by Miss Frink.—
David S. George, Salisbury, Conn.

te Carden Magazine, June, 1921

285

\n entire garden library in
one volume

A few of the topics covered:

Planting and Seeding Seasons
Pruning

Winter Protection and Mulching
Evergreens Adapted for Use in Mid- West
Street and Avenue Planting
Plants for Congested City Districts
Plants for Hedges
Plants for Border Planting

Plants for Rock Gardens, Japanese Gardens and Wall Crevices

Plants for Informal Effects

Trees and Shrubs for Different Flowering Effects

Plants Valuable for the Characteristics of Their Fruit

Fast-Growing Types for Screen Effects

Plants Adapted to Various Soil Conditions

Plants for Lake Front and River Conditions

Plants for Ground Cover

Perennials According to Colour and Season

Perennials for Water Planting

Annuals for Cut Flowers

Annuals Difficult to Transplant

Best Climbing Roses

Hardiest Garden Roses

Flowering Vines

Window Boxes and Hanging Baskets

Bulbs for Garden Areas

Plants for Florida

Plants for Oregon and Washington

Plants for Minnesota

Bibliography

epared by an Expert

One out-standing feature of the book is the extensive lists of plant material adapted
ill purposes with specific application to the different climatic zones andregionsof the
ntry. This part of the work has been prepared in cooperation with recognized
horities in respective regions so that the lists have local significance in an unusual
Tee.

Every question about the garden
is answered in

“The Complete
Garden”

By ALBERT D. TAYLOR, M.S. A.

Fellow, American Society of Landscape Architects

N on-resident Professor of Landscape Architecture in
Ohio State University

formation on Every Garden Topic

The practical cultural features — discussing planting, planting seasons, seeding,
ning, transplanting, making lawns, bulb culture, general maintenance of the garden,
iter protection, and so on, are concise presentations of accepted rules of practice.

xe Do’s and Don’t’s of Gardening

From the landscape point of view the plants are treated with regard to their
viceability for particular and special effects, and the planter will find the extensive
ex particularly significant.

teful for Everyone

The gardener who has something more than a dilettante interest will find Mr.
ylor’s book one of the most useful for ready reference and will supply for the average
n what several volumes of encyclopedia do for the advanced technical student.

Beautiful and Serviceable Book

This is the most convenient and informative book of its kind on the market, and
itains more than sixty illustrations, including several valuable charts and nine color
tes. It is a specimen of Country Life Press good book-making.

This coupon will entitle you to
a five day examination of this
book, without cost to you.

' Doubleday,
Page &
Company,
Garden City, N. Y.

S Please send me ‘'The Com-
/ plete Garden.” If I do not care
/ to keep it after examining it for five
/ days, I will return it at your expense.
r Otherwise I will remit S6.00 at the end of
the five days. G.M.-6

Name .

Address .

286

The Finest Estates in America
Are Equipped with

"Buffalo” Portable Fencing System

Fire Fenders, Spark Guards and Fire Place Screens

With "BUFFALO'' PORTABLE FENCING SYSTEM you can build enclosures
of any size for chickens, ducks, geese, dogs, rabbits and other small fowls or animals.

These enclosures prevent flowers from being destroyed and permit rotation of yards.

''BUFFALO” PORTABLE FENCING SYSTEM is light, strong and neat in ap-
pearance. It is easy to put up and easy to shift. No heavy work to be done.

SIZES and PRICES Net per section

T long x 5' high $4.50

2'6" wide x 5' high (gate) 2.75

4'6" long x 5' " 3.75

8' " x 2' " 2.75

6' " x 2' " 2.25

These prices are for shipments from stock of six or more sections, F. O. B. Buffalo, N. Y. Send check,
money order, or N. Y Draft for the amount of your order and we will ship at once.

Wiite for Booklet A ro. 70-C, . which shows designs, sizes and prices. Mailed upon receipt of 6c postage.

BUFFALO WIRE WORKS CO., Inc.

467 TERRACE ( Formerly Scheeler’s Sons ) BUFFALO, N. Y.

ryjR plant resources, comprising
over 800 cultivated acres, enable
us to assure you that no matter what
your planting plans call for in

Trees Shrubs
Evergreens or
Perennials

We can fill any requirements to
your maximum satisiaction. Write
for our catalogue.

“ Successful for over a century ”

AMERICAN NURSERIES
Singer Building New York

Bird Bath
in

Stony Gray
Terra Cotta

AliOWAY

POTtefct

GIVES CHARM TO GARDENS

Send 10 ct in stamps for Catalogue
e stab, of Bird Baths. Flower \hses. Boxes,
isio Sun Dials, Gazing Globes. Benches

and other interesting pieces in
durable Terra Cotta.

Gauoway Terra CoTta Co.

3214 WALNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA

Home V egetable Gardening

from A to Z
By ADOLPH KRUHM

of The Garden Magazine

will show you everything you want to know about vege-
table gardening. It contains absolutely reliable information
as to what varieties to plant, what soils are best suited for
their growth, and how to cultivate them.

Over one hundred classes of vegetables are compre-
hensively treated, and the book is profusely illustrated
with "action” pictures, many of them in color.

Invaluable to the veteran gardener as well as the amateur.
Net, $1 .25. At Your Bookseller’s

DOUBLEDAY
PAGE & CO.

GARDEN CITY
NEW YORK

Wire and
Iron Fence

— for every purpose

‘ Trellises
Entrance Gates
Tennis Backstops

BROOK IRON
WORKS, Inc.
37 Barclay St.,
New York, N. Y.

Rose Arches

7 ft. high 4 ft. wide

Galvanized $13.50
Each

Any Size or Shape
Made to Order

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921 j

PORCH FURNISHINGS L

NOW that the spring gardening rush is over
the lover of outdoors and gardens can
invest his spare time most profitably planning the
furnishings for porch, and garden, and summer-
house, and get the furniture ready for immediate
use. 1 1 is work that can be done in odd moments
and is pleasant when one sees the results.

The kinds of porch furniture most used to-day
are, perhaps, maple with woven straw backs and
seats, old hickory furniture, reed or wicker and
the new painted wooden furniture of simple line.

If one has odds and ends, one should decide
which kind one wishes to use this present season
and remodel the other pieces to match, or ex-
change or sell them, and replace with a few new
pieces. But an odd rustic piece always looks
well out on the lawn under a spreading tree or
placed in the garden among the Larkspurs and
Gillyflowers. Hickory always looks well also
set among the garden shrubs.

Wicker furniture and the new, painted furni-
ture is particularly attractive on the veranda or
in the tea-house.

Maple furniture of several season’s wear can
be put in first class shape by washing the wood-
work with a weak solution of cold water and sal
soda, and when dry, sand-papering off all old
varnish that is still left. It is then ready for a
very thin coat of light varnish and, when finished,
the woodwork will look like new. If one wishes
a change from the natural color, either dark
green or brown paint is a good choice.

Hickory looks well no matter how old it is, for
stains and darkened wood seem to add to its
rustic appearance. The only repairing necessary
on this kind of furniture is thorough brushing
and dusting; and perhaps a few nails or tacks
driven in to hold strips of the woven seat or back
that have become loose or have been broken off,
and then it is ready for the garden the first fair
day in June! • I

Wicker furniture in natural finish is very
popular. If one has pieces that have become
soiled, they are best cleaned and bleached by
washing with a weak solution of chloride of lime
and rinsing with plain cold water. All pieces
should be dried quickly in a strong breeze and
should not be left in the sun any length of time.
Wicker is hard to paint or varnish successfully,
but if one wishes to give it a coat of dark green,
brown, or soft gray, the paint must be very thin
and applied sparingly, or drops will run down in
the crevices and be moist and mussyfor some time.
After the furniture is painted it should be dried
as quickly as possible in some warm, dry place.

The enameled furniture made of pine is much
favored for porch and out-door use nowadays,
and the best of this is that many an odd chair or
table from kitchen or attic can be painted and
decorated to match this new style furniture.
Plain lines are the one requisite. Some of the
popular colors are dove gray, apple green, light
blue, bright blue, pale yellow, orange, and
black. Stencilled designs of fruits (apples,
grapes, pears, cherries, oranges), birds (parrots,
canaries, blackbirds and bluebirds), flowers
(rosebuds, forget-me-nots, pansies, poppies),
butterflies, and bees can all be used as one likes.
Saucy blackbirds perched on the back of an
orange painted chair would be most charming,
or big yellow and black bumble bees humming

(Continued on page 288)

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

287

Discoverers of a New World

HARDLY a year has passed recently that these famous men, Mr. John Burroughs, Mr. Henry Ford, Mr. H. S. Firestone,
and Mr. Thomas A. Edison, have not taken a cairfping trip to the great outdoors to get close to Nature, and forget
their business worries. From these trips they have derived a pleasure, and contentment, which can be secured in no other
way, for it has brought them in contact with all of the beauties of Nature itself, which throws forth enjoyment for everyone.

Nature is one of the subjects that fascinates everyone
— yet the average person knows little or nothing about it.
The knowledge of any big vital subject makes it a precious
possession. The country about you would be far more in-
teresting if you had a knowledge of the living wild things:
could know the birds by name, their habits, their peculiar-
ities; for all the species are different. Many of the birds
are rapidly becoming extinct, and it is a duty as well as a joy

to know them. A full knowledge of the wild flowers that you
see in your walks is an accomplishment more than worth while.
The same is true of the trees — while every species of little
animal and insect and butterfly lives a life full of wonderful
secrets. You can gain an intimate knowledge of the tens of
thousands of interesting subjects, and you enjoy the greatest
pleasure in learning about them. The children will read the
volumes with pleasure too — they are so delightfully written.

The Most Interesting Information in the World

m But a limited number of

The Nature Library offers you the most interesting information in these booklets are to be

the world. It is the most authoritative. The great nature lovers , S' ik jia<j Send the coupon

have made it the most beautifully illustrated series of volumes \ r»r»ctnlnnw for

that has ever been published. There are hundreds of beau- \ ^ T. . F

tiful color plates and thousands of half-tones illustrating ^ ^ \ %\ ^ours' 1S

the subjects in all their splendor. The season will soon be V ^ ^ ' \ /

at hand when the world will be taking on a new life, V /gjv, % /

and you will want to know the new joys that Nature \ m / Double day,

has in store for you. V Page & Co.,

/ gm-,21 Garden City, N. Y.

This Beautiful Booklet FREE \\. ^ ^ xN * Please send me free and with-

We have prepared an attractive booklet descriptive of THE NATURE \\ - / 0,1 ^ obligation the beautiful six-

LIBRARY. This booklet contains six beautiful full page color plates of \ , > / teen page booklet, containing lull

birds, wild flowers, trees, butterflies, etc., and many half-tones, sample pages, \ \ ’ * ■ W “ page color plates, sample pages,

and other information about the great outdoors that is of interest to you. It will \ \ / etc., from The Nature Library,

give us pleasure to send this booklet free to any of GARDEN MAGAZINE readers \ \ f

that ask for it. \\ /

A coupon is attached for your convenience and we urge that you send it to-day \.\ // ^ ame

as only a limited number of copies can be had. \\ //

Send the coupon or a post-card now to make sure of getting your \\/ Address
copy free. y

f

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY / City

GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK /

/ State

/

288

By erecting Houses for useful
Birds, and getting rid of Spar-
row Pest, you will have good
Garden Allies.

3 Bird Houses for $5.00.

Parcel Post weight 10 lbs.

Crescent Sparrow Trap $5.00 and

Post charges, size 18' x 18 '. CRESCENT CO., “Birdville”

Weight 9 lbs. Toms River p. 0. N. J.

Brooder for SO to 100 chicks

Strong, healthy chickens are raised in Hodgson
Poultry Houses. These practical, attractive houses
can be erected in less than an hour. They are
weather proof, vermin proof, thoroughly ventilated,

No. J Poultry House for 60 hens — 2 units Setting Coop

warm and dry. Easy to clean and convenient to move.
There’s a Hodgson Poultry House for every purpose,
guaranteed to be the best the market affords. Write
to-day for illustrated catalogue.

UArv/^ C AM Portable E. F. Hodgson Co., Room 311, 71-73 Federal St.
M UUvjoUIN HOUSES Boston, Mass. 6 East 39th St., New York City.

Your Dealer Can Supply You

Aphine. It is the safest form of “insect insurance.”
The best remedy known for green, black, white fly,
thrips and soft scale. Easily applied — Effective.
Fungine. For rust, mildew and all sorts of blights.
Vermine. Sure eradicator for insects affecting plant
roots.

APHINE MANUFACTURING CO.
Madison New Jersey

A Charming Birdbath

of Artificial Stone

fifteen inches square, three
inches thick, hollowed out
round, two and one half
inches deep in centre slop-
ing to three-eighths at edge. Inexpensive, Practical, Artistic.

Price, $2.50. Three for $6.75, f. o. b. Verona.

Verona Bird Houses. Send for List.

W. H. BAYLES, 22 Park Ave. Verona, New Jersey

YOUR SEEDSMAN HAS

BUG DEATH and
BUG DEATH APHIS

For your

Flowers — Vines — Vegetables — Shrubs

NO PARIS GREEN
NO ARSENIC

May we send you — free — “Are We
Builders or Destroyers?”— A Book-
let of facts about sound soil and
healthy gardens.

Danforth Chemical Co.

Leominster, Mass.

Est. 1896

AWAY WITH THE CESSPOOL

Secure all the sanitary comforts of a
city building.

The Aten Sewage Disposal Sys-
tem allows continuous use of wash-
stands, bathtubs, toilets, sinks,
showers, etc. Simple to install,
nothing to get out of order.

Our booklet
No. 11 tells
how and
why. Sent
free upon
request.

Aten

Sewage Disposal Co.
286 Fifth Ave., New York City

“ Charlie has gained strength
and self-reliance and is a happy,
busy boy since the pony came"

FUN AND HEALTH

A boy or girl can get more fun,
physical development and ruddy
health out of a pony than from any
other source, and more real happi-
ness than he or she is apt to
get out of a fortune in later life.
Complete Outfits. Your satisfaction
is guaranteed. Particulars on request.

BELLE MEADE FARM
Dept. 8 Belle Meade, Va.

Don’t Wear
a Truss

Brooks* Appliance, the

modern scientific invention, the
wonderful new discovery that
relieves rupture, will be sent
on trial. No obnoxious springs
or pads.

Brooks’ Rupture Appliance

Has automatic Air Cushions. Binds and
draws the broken parts together as you would
a broken limb. No salves. No lies. Durable,
cheap. Sent on trial to prove it. Protected by
U. S. patents. Catalog and measure blanks
mailed free. Send narpg and address today.
Brooks Appliance Co.,275H State St, Marshall, Mich.

MR. C. E. BROOKS

THE LIGHT BRAHMA

FOR THE COUNTRY ESTATE

Is the Largest and Most Beautiful of All Breeds, Unsurpassed as an Ornamen-
tal Feature and Unexcelled as a Combination Egg Laying and a Table Fowl

The high quality of my birds was again demonstrated at Madison Square Garden, January,
1921, by winning 1st Cock, 2nd and 4th Hen, 4th Cockerel, 2nd Pullet, 1st and 4th Old
Pen and 2nd Young Pen. At Philadelphia, The American Light Brahma Club National
Meeting, I won 2nd on Cock, 1st and 4th Hen, 5th Cockerel, 1st Pullet, 1st, 4th and 5th
on Pen, and 3 Specials, and Cups. At Syracuse, N. Y., the Premier of all state shows and
in strong competition they were awarded First, Second, and Third Cock; First and Second
Hen; First, Second, and Third Cockerel; First and Second Pullet; First and Second Old
Pen; First and Second Young Pen; Special for Best Display, and other specials. At Tren-
ton, N. J., I lanover, Pa., and Mineola, L. I., I won more points than any other exhibitor.
Send for folder telling about them. Stock for sale and eggs in season.

C. W. EVERITT HUNTINGTON, LONG ISLAND

Reference: Nassau County Trust Co., Mineola, L. I. Buff Cochin Ban lams — At Madison Square Garden,
1921, I won 2nd, and 5th Cock, 1st and 2nd Hen, 2nd and 4th Cockerel, 2nd and 3rd Pullet.

The Garden Magazine, June, 1921

(Continued jrom page 286)

among gay scarlet poppies growing on a table
painted dove-gray. Strictly conventional de-
signs are also good.

Once the furniture is painted and decorated,
there comes the fun of planning the accessories —
cushions and stringers, rugs and curtains that
make outdoor furniture comfortable and allur-
ing. There are fascinating cretonnes and drapery
stuffs to choose from nowadays, and with plain
wicker furniture, or furniture painted in some dull
tone, colorful cretonne is most attractive for
upholsteries. Pillows can be made from scraps
of the same cretonne or other odd materials that
harmonize, and can be stuffed with feathers, sweet
balsam, or rose petals, if one has been indus-
trious in the rose garden the previous season and
has stored away plenty of dry petals sprinkled
with spice.

For real outdoor comfort several roomy
chairs and rockers, a porch swing or chaise
longue, and a table are all needed. Besides
these pieces, -a screen or two, porch shades,
awnings, rugs, a lamp, and a tea-wagon with
pretty cups and saucers will make the porch so
alluring that one will want to stay there “from
dawn till dark!”

And if the porch be city bound, summer
flowers and scents can be brought to it by having
bowls of flowers; stands and hanging baskets
filled with woodsy Ferns; pots of Begonias and
green-leaved plants; a singing canary or a bowl
of gold fish.

Dorothea D. Dun lea, Calif.

TWO VALUABLE SHRUBS FOR
CALIFORNIA GARDENS

A DELIGHTFUL as well as valuable com-
bination of shrubs for California gardens
is that of the Spanish Broom (Spartium junceum)
with its bright yellow, pea-shaped flowers and
Ceanothus Gloire de Versailles with its clouds of
soft, gray-blue flowers. Both shrubs come into
bloom comparatively late in the spring and both
have a long flowering period. The Broom bursts
forth late in April; about three or four weeks
later the blue panicles of the Ceanothus appear.
For a time they are companions, forming a
lovely picture, but with the advent of hot weather
the Broom gradually ceases flowering. Along
the coast regions, however, it flowers nearly all
the year.

In the interior valleys the Ceanothus is par-
ticularly good as a summer and fall bloomer. It
seems to have distinct periods of bloom; as fast
as one set of flowers fades, another set pushes
out to take its place. On one small bush which
I have, there were five blossoming periods last
summer, the last one enduring until November.

The Broom, with its fragrance, its drought-
resisting qualities, and its long period of bloom,
is fairlv well known in California, but the Cean-
othus is worthy of much more extensive planting
than it enjoys. It is equally satisfactory winter
and summer, although its good-sized, evergreen
leaves will not stand many degrees of frost but
turn brown and curl. Our native Ceanothus
thyrsiflorus also is very fine with its small,
glossy, green leaves and pretty panicles of pale
blue flowers.

Leila B. Stapleton, Oroville, California.

IT KILLS R05E BUGS

The Saving

Factor

Why allow insects and bugs to destroy the beauty of
your Rose Garden? Melrosine is the factor that will
save your Roses in unblemished beauty. It positively
kills rose bugs and other leaf-chewing insects, besides
acting as a preventative against many plant diseases.
Endorsed by many eminent Rose growers as the most
effective rose bug remedy in existence.

The Saving

Sources—

Melrosine is For Sale By

Melrosine is sold by the Seed
and Nursery firms mentioned
opposite. If there is no Mel-
rosine dealer in your neighbor-
hood, write us and we will sup-
ply a sample can (enough to
make one gallon of spraying
solution) for 50c. postpaid.
Please mention GARDEN MAG-
AZINE when taking advantage
of this trial offer.

Pint, $1.00; Quart, $1.75; Half-gallon, $3.25; Gallon, $6.00
ORDER FROM YOUR SEEDSMAN OR NURSERYMAN
If your dealer does not handle “Melrosine” write us, giving his name

Ella V. Baines Springfield, Ohio

W. W. Barnard Co. Chicago, 111.

Bassi Freres New Rochelle, N. Y.

Beckert’s Seed Store Pittsburgh, Pa.

Bobbink 8c Atkins Rutherford, N. J.

Arthur T. Boddington Co.

New York, N. Y.

The J. Bolgiano Seed Co.

Baltimore, Md.

Joseph Breck 8g Sons Boston, Mass.

Robert Buist Co Philadelphia, Pa.

Burnett Bros New York, N. Y.

Cadwell & Jones Hartford, Conn.

Carter’s Tested Seeds, Inc.

Boston, Mass.
Dingee & Conard Co. West Grove. Pa.
Henry A. Dreer, Inc. Philadelphia, Pa.
F. H. Ebeling Syracuse, N. Y.

R. & J. Farquhar Co. . Boston, Mass.
Fottler, Fiske, Rawson Co.

Boston, Mass.

Chas. E. Frankenbach & Sons

Southampton, L. I., N. Y.
Maurice Fuld, Inc. New York, N. Y.
Good & Reese Co. Springfield, Ohio

Great Western Plant Co.

Springfield, Ohio

Thomas J. Grey Boston, Mass.

Hart & Vick, Inc. Rochester, N. Y.
Henderson’s Seed Store Chicago, 111.
Peter Henderson & Co.

New York, N. Y.

William M. Hunt & Co.

New York, N. Y.
Roman J. Irwin New York, N. Y.

H. B. Kemp Long Branch, N. J.

A. C. Kendel Seed Store

Cleveland. Ohio
Andrew R. Kennedy, Inc.

New York, N. Y.

The McGregor Brothers Co.

Springfield, Ohio
W. E. Marshall & Co., New York, N Y.
Mead 8c Woodward Norwalk, Ohio

Henry F. Michell Co. Philadelphia, Pa.
Muller-Sealey Co. Inc., New York, N. Y.

Plainfield Nursery Scotch Plains, N. J.

A. K. Powers Falmouth Foreside, Me.

Julius Roehrs Co. Ruthenord, N. J.

Schmidt 8& Botley Co. Springfield, Ohio
Max Schling, Inc. . New York, N. Y.

George L. Siegel Erie, Pa.

I. N. Simon & Son Philadelphia, Pa.

Meyer Stisser Co. . Baltimore, Md.

Stumpp & Walter Co., New York, N. Y.
J. M. Thorbum 8t Co. New York, N. Y.

Charles H. Totty Co. . . Madison, N. J.
Vaughan Seed Store . New York, N. Y.
Hosea Waterer Philadelphia, Pa.

Weeber & Don New York, N. Y.

John Wilk New York, N. Y.

A. E. Wohlert Narberth, Pa.

THE DARDEN CHEMICAL COMPANY

NEW YORK CITY, IN. Y.

HOW many of your fine trees are fighting a losing fight against premature death — unknown to you?

Are you certain that the most vigorous looking of them is not, even now, on the verge of ruin?

The owner of an estate upon which Davey Tree Surgeons were at work possessed a magnificent oak.

Its great top was green and flourishing — the owner thought it perfect. But one day a Davey Tree
Surgeon, examining it closely, saw an ant coming out of a tiny hole. A few strokes of the chisel
showed serious internal decay. Thorough excavation revealed a cavity of startling size, extending
more than twenty-five feet up the trunk!

Take a careful look at your trees. They are the greatest asset of your estate — while they live. Can
you see any decayed spots? Are there any splitting crotches? Are any’ of the tops dying back from
hunger or thirst or disease or insect attacks?

Don ’t “put off finding out. Trees are living things, and undergo a consent battle for life. For your
own sake, make sure. A careful examination of your trees will be made by' appointment.

In caring for your priceless trees Davey Tree Surgeons place at your command the science, training,
and organized efficiency' of a generation of conscientious work upon many thousands of America’s fine
estates. Illustrated booklet sent upon request.

THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO., Inc., 1206 Elm St., Kent, Ohio

Branch offices with telephone connections: New York City , A star Court Bldg.; Chicago , Westminster Bldg.;
Philadelphia, Land Title Bldg.; Boston , 10 Pearl Street , Wakefield; Baltimore , American Bldg.; St. Louis,

Central National Bank Bldg. Write nearest office.

Permanent representatives available in districts surrounding Boston, Springfield, Lenox, Newport, Hartford, Stamford,

Albany, Poughkeepsie, White Plains, Jamaica, L. I.; Montclair, New York, Philadelphia, Harrisburg, Baltimore, Washington,
Richmond, Buffalo, Toronto, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Detroit, Cincinnati, Kansas City, Louisville, Indianapolis, Chicago,
Milwaukee, St. Louis, Canadian address, 252 Laugauchitere West, Montreal.

REE SURGEONS

F.reri/ real Daren Tree Surgeon is in the employ of The Davey Tree Expert Co., Inc., and the public is cautioned against those falsely
representing themselves. An agreement made with the Davey Company and not with an individual is certain evidence of genuineness

Reproduction from a painting in oil of the beautiful
estate of Franklin Roosevelt, at Ilyde Park, Sew York

Among prominent persons and
places served by Davey Tree
Surgeons are:

CHARLES A. OTIS
ARMOUR ANI) COMPANY
HON. NORMAN H. DAVIS
FELIX M. WARBURG
PENNSYLVANIA STATE CAPITOL
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA
MRS. ANDREW CARNEGIE
JAMES B. DUKE

JOHN DAVEY
Ful her of Tree Surgery

DAVE

Y

THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK

John L. B\ea
E. C. Stiles

SUMMER GARDENS

Asa Steele
Ruth Dean

A

A

1'

#

. . 1

L -J. ,

/ '

VOL. XXXIII. NO. 5.

‘Doubleday, Dage Company ,

Qarden ^Cj^> Yor ^

WATER SUPPLY

AND IRRIGATION SYSTEMS for PRIVATE ESTATES

Reproduction from photograph showing
Cornell underground system in operation.

THE Cornell Systems of Irrigation — underground, overhead, and portable —
are used in the U. S. Capitol grounds and many of the largest and best-
known estates throughout the world.

The Cornell Irrigation Systems will make your lawns noticeably more hand-
some, flowers more profuse, and gardens more productive.

The Cornell Systems may be installed at any time without injury or unsight-
liness to lawn or garden.

Write to-day for illustrated booklet describing permanent and portable out-
fits for country estates, country clubs, and gardens.

Systems of Irrigation

W. G. CORNELL CO., 45 East 17th St., New York City

ENGINEERS and CONTRACTORS
PLUMBING = HEATING = LIGHTING

BALTIMORE WASHINGTON BOSTON PITTSBURGH

PHILADELPHIA KANSAS CITY CLEVELAND NEWARK

CHICAGO

NORFOLK

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

289

Bobbink & Atkins

Visit

Nursery

Grid's

Choicest
jVursery&Gre
Voducts

min Am'

Ask for
Catalogue

Peonies, Iris

Everything for Your Midsummer Garden

The well-known quality of our Nursery products remains
standard. Experience teaches us better methods of service.

Iris, Peonies and Nursery stock for Fall planting
described in our Illustrated General Catalogue .

Nurserymen and Florists

Rutherford New Jersey

July’s Greatest Glory

Study any hardy border during July and you will find that
the outstanding high-jights represent the glowing colors of
Phlox. Phlox is the redeeming feature of the Hardy Garden
during the month of July. True, there are the Delphiniums
and some Lilies but neither of them brings us the wide range
of colors and the persistency as does Phlox.

Let These PHLOXES Add
To Your Garden Joys

From scores of sorts available we have selected for you six sorts
which, in season of blooming, range of colors and dependability under
all conditions, are absolutely matchless. We will supply these at the
uniform rate of $3.00 per doz.; $ 20.00 per 100; by express. Delivery
in early September.

Eclaireur — A dark brilliant car-
mine with a deeper center.
About i]/2 feet high.

Herosine — Purplish-blue in fol-
or. The nearest color WF have
to blue in' hardy Phlox, growing
about 2J4 feet high.

Le Feu de Monce — Salmon-red
in color, attaining a height of
about lYi feet.

Rosenberg — Splendid shade of
deep red with a violet eye in
the center.

Wanadis — LigKt violet mottled
white with a bright purple eye.

William Robinson — Bright
salmon with a violet eye in
center. Tall growing variety
reaching to a height of about
four feet. !

Special Offer: We will supply 4 plants each of

— t all 6 varieties (24 plants in all)

for $5.00 postpaid. Mailed early in September, but we
invite definite orders NOW, since stocks are short.

Please ask for our Special Fall Guide to Gardens
of Perennial Joy — Ready for mailing August 1st

CHARLES H. TOTTY

Madison

COMPANY

New Jersey

V

290

Peonies of Distinction

m

are quite as much our hobby as are the old-time favorites 1
so well liked by millions. While we grow Festiva Maxi- 1
ma, Edulis Superba, and other popular sorts in immense
quantities, we also have “pets” of which we grow only a jj
few, sometimes less than a hundred. It is from our col-
lection of the Best Blood among Peonies that we offer the jj
following:

Three Remarkable Novelties

Sarah Bernhardt is one of Lemoine's most charming creations — a Jj

lovely apple-blossom pink with each petal silver-tipped.

Claire Dubois. A Gem of first water, rich, satiny pink with glossy sheen. M

Karl Rosenfield. A perfect ball of velvety crimson. Exceedingly B
brilliant.

Special We will send one of each of above three
Offer glorious sorts for

$10.00

Five Floral Masterpieces

One and all a triumph of the hybridizer’s skill.

Avalanche. Pure snow- white.

Albert Crousse. Sea shell pink.

Asa Gray. Lilac, with salmon pink guard petals.

Modele de Perfection, Violet rose and flesh pink shades.
Monsieur Jules Elie. Lilac pink shading to rose.

Special One of each of above five masterpieces
Offer will be sent for

$5.00

“Peonies for Pleasure’ *

is a beautiful “DeLuxe" booklet you'll be proud to have. So great has j|
been the demand for this comprehensive treatise ( not a catalogue) that 1
our supply is running low. However, we have reserved enough, we hope,
for Garden Magazine readers, but would ask you to please refer to this
advertisement when asking for your free copy. All above offers are made
to Garden Magazine readers only, so please mention this magazine.

Good & Reese Co.,

Largest Rose Growers in the World

Dept b. Springfield, Ohio

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

JULY. 1921

THE GARDEN

MAGAZINE

CONTENTS

COVER DESIGN: PHLOX AND MACAW. Lynn B. Hunt

PAGE

THE OUTDOOR LIVING ROOM 295

Photograph by Mattie F. Hewitt

THE JULY FLOWER GARDEN 296

Photograph by Mattie E Hewitt

RUDBECKIA HIRTA IN NATURALISTIC PLANTING - - - 297

THE SECLUDED GARDEN John L. Rea 298

Drawing and plans by the author

Photographs by N R Graves Co., and Clarence Fowler, L. A.

GARDEN FURNITURE. ITS USES AND ABUSES - E.C. Stiles 302
Drawings and plans by the author

Photographs by N R Graves Co., Jessie Tarbox Beals and Mary
H. Northend

SUMMER GARDEN. POEM Louise Driscoll 306

PERSONAL PREFERENCES OF A PEONY FANCIER

Harry A. Norton 307

Photographs by the author and N. R. Graves Co.

THE GARDEN INDOORS AND OUT, II1-THE COUNTRY

GARDEN - Ruth Dean 309

Photographs supplied by the author

SPEAKING OF WINTER Adolph Kruhm 312

NATIVE PRAIRIE FLOWERS FOR OUR GARDENS

Arthur G. Eldredge 314

Photographs by the author

SUN-DIALS FOR THE SUNLIT GARDEN 318

Photographs by Mary H. Northend

GARDENS OF FRANCE - -- -- -- -- -- Asa Steele 320
Photographs by the author and Georges Truffaut

THE OLD GARDENS OF PENNSYLVANIA, IX— ARBORETUM
AT ALDIE - -- -- -- -- -- John IV. Harshberger 326
Photographs by Roger B Whitman

AMONG OUR GARDEN NEIGHBORS 330

THE OPEN COLUMN 330

WHAT AUGUST PROMISES THE READER 332

THE MONTH’S REMINDER 333

THE CALIFORNIA REMINDER 334

SOME NOTES FROM THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY - - 340
QUALITY IN SWEET CORN D.F. Jones 344

Leonard Barron, Editor

VOLUME XXX I II, No. 5

Subscription $3.00 a Year; for Canada, $3.35; Foreign $3.65
COPYRIGHT, 1921, BY

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

GARDEN CITY, N. Y.

Chicago: Peoples Gas Bldg. Boston: Tremont Bldg.

Los Angeles: Van Nuys Bldg New York: 120 W. 32nd St..

F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President

ARTHUR l\. PAGE, S. A. EV’ERITT, Treasurer

HERBERT S. HOUSTON, RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY,

Pice-Presidents Secretary

Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York,
under the Act of Congress, Atarch 3, 1879

he Garden Magazine, July, 1921

291

The efficient gardener realizes the importance of July
sowing to provide fresh vegetables of just the right size
for fall use and winter storing. We have prepared a
Collection of the leading varieties of vegetables which
should be sown during the early part of July. The Col-
lection contains 1 pkt. each

Bush Bean, Burpee’s Stringless
Green Pod

Bush Bean, Burpee’s Brittle Wax
Beet, Burpee’s Improved Blood
Kale, Dwarf Green Curled
Kohl-Rabi, Early White Vienna

Lettuce, Burpee’s Brittle-Ice
Mustard, Elephant Ear
Summer Radish, Chartiers
Rutabaga, Golden Neckless
Turnip, White Egg
Chinese Cabbage, Pe-Tsai

This Collection (value $1.20) will be mailed, together with the Burpee
Leaflets “Suggestions on Seed Sowing,” “Summer Gardening,” and
“Winter Vegetables, How to Grow and Store Them,” for $1.00, postpaid.

Order the seed for your July garden now.

W. ATLEE BURPEE CO.

Seed Growers

Philadelphia

ACT AT ONCE IF
YOU WISH BULBS
AT A LOW PRICE

Until July 15th I will make special prices on Dutch Bulbs,
allowing for orders received before that date a

Discount of 10 per cent

from regular catalogue prices. This discount will apply to
all varieties of Tulips, Hyacinths, Daffodils, Crocus. Ihese
bulbs are imported to order, and will be of the same high
quality that I have furnished in years past. Send at once for

Farr’s 1921 Bulb Catalogue

which contains a full list of these high quality bulbs, make your selection,
and forward your order immediately. By so doing you will secure
better bulbs for less money. Send to-day.

BERTRAND H. FARR

Wyomissing Nurseries Company

104 Garfield Ave. Wyomissing, Penna.

Greater Crops of
Finer Vegetables

To insure yourself an adequate supply of winter
vegetables from July sowings, just one thing is needed
most: WATER! You cannot afford to let the seeds
rest in drought-stricken soil for even twenty-four
hours. Immediately after sowing your Carrots and
Beets, your Beans and Salads, take your hose to the
faucet and connect the other end with

The Campbell Waterfan

Immediately a slow, gentle but thoroughly soaking rain will
result. The Campbell Waterfan irrigates garden crops in ideal
fashion, in that it distributes the water evenly. The water pres-
sure by itself is sufficient to turn the apparatus automatically so
that, without moving it, you can thoroughly water a space size
14x60 feet.

’Though built for many years of service, the Waterfan will
earn its cost in increased production of flowers or vegetables dur-
ing this very month. Made in two models, not varying in prin-
ciple but in size and corresponding surface covered only.

WATERFAN— Model No. S WATERFAN GIANT— Model No. 10

Length, 21 inches. Weight, Length, 5 feet. Weight, 10

5 pounds. Waters a rectangu- pounds. Waters a rectangular

lar area up to 14x60 feet. area up to 20x60 feet.

Price, $15.00 Price, $25.00

All prices f.o.b. factory. Order direct or from distributor
at address given below

Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. Please write for descriptive
circular and name of dealer nearest you.

CAMPBELL IRRIGATION COMPANY

Woodbury

GEORGE ALEXANDER, 90 West Broadway

Distributor jor New York City and suburbs, including Long Island

The Garden Magazine, July, ,

We Grow PEONIES — Nothing Else

WHY WE LEAD

BECAl SE there are not 2,000, — nor
1,000, — nor 500 distinct varieties; but
scarcely more than 100; and we have
“spiked the guns” of the duplicates
at high prices.

BECAUSE we do not send out a root un-
til— regardless of its age — it has
bloomed satisfactorily here the spring
prior to its going to you. Some of
the plants we deliver are three and
four years old — with no advance in
price.

BECAUSE our system of cultivation is
unmatched in this country. Every
root given individual and intensive
culture, — as in a private garden.

Ask those who have been here.

BECAUSE of the study of, and devotion
to, the Peony alone, — an undivided
allegiance. It’s significant.

Mohican Peony Gardens, “o Sinking Spring, Penn’a.

■-

Your GARDEN is not complete without PEONIES.

The CEMETERY lot should have them.

It is easy to select from our 90 choice varieties — limited
in number and supreme in color, form, fragrance
and vigor.

“OUR REPUTATION HAS BEEN BUILT ON THE QUALITY OF

OUR STOCK”

Distinctive catalogue will be ready August first —
Send for it NOW.

We Guarantee Results
From Our Bulbs

It is not difficult to guarantee results when hand-picked bulbs, grown
under exacting conditions in our own nurseries, are planted. In our
Show Gardens here at Oyster Bay, we grow each year in the neighbor-
hood of 500 distinct varieties of Mayflowering, Breeder, Cottage, Dar-
win and Rembrandt Tulips, besides some of the more unusual kinds.
These have convinced our neighbors of the merit of our product and
they, in turn, are urging us to tell other exacting planters about it.

Quality Up — Prices Down

Our prices are considerably below those commonly asked because we handle tremen-
dous quantities. May we acquaint you further with our entire stock of bulbs?

Please ask for a copy of our complete catalogue, gladly mailed free
on request if you icill mention GARDEN MAGAZINE-

Zandbere^en Bros.. Box 747. Ovster Bav. L. I.. N. Y.

Oil Ivon FENCING Chain-Link -

Lower
Prices
Are Here!

Buy now that fencing you have been wanting. Bt
Enterprise Fencing and save substantially on its cos
And you will get a fence that is the best in design an
construction — backed by 36 years’ specialized experienc
in building and erecting All-Iron and Chain-Link Fem

ing. Prompt delivery assured.
Write to-day for catalogue, mentioning purpose
for which fencing is desired.

ENTERPRISE IRON WORKS

Protects and
Beautifies

HOMES

ESTATES

PARKS

CHURCHES

HOSPITALS

CEMETERIES

COLLEGES

SCHOOLS

ASYLUMS

FACTORIES

PUBLIC BLDGS.

Etc., Etc.

and Enhances Their
Value

Fence Builders /or 3b Years

2425 Yandes Street Indianapolis

293

Je Garden Magazine, July, 1921

"

/GARDEN MAKING is one of the most sensible hobbies, and there
AJ is no limit to its wonders. It is healthful, intensely interesting, dig-
nified and yields food for mind and body. Gardening should be, and may
easily become, a joy instead of a task with IRON AGE Garden Tools.

There are IRON AGE Garden Tools that perform almost any garden
operation. Five possible uses of one of them are shown here. A seeder
attachment may also be obtained for this same tool that will do the
planting by opening the furrow, dropping the seed in either hills or drills,
covering it and firming the soil all at one operation.

Write for booklet, “Modern Gardening”

BATEMAN and COMPANIES, Inc. Grenloch, N. J.

PEONIES and IRIS

Our Unique Guarantee

We will replace with three any plant blooming untrue
to description.

THE PETERSON PEONY DIGEST

is to the endless varieties offered what the Five-Foot
Library is to the literature of the world.

The Digest will be sent free upon application.

PETERSON NURSERY

1032 Stock Exchange Bldg. Chicago, Illinois

mmmmM

Fertilize Lawn and Garden the New Way

By the use of the

FERTALL GUN and Ball Fertilizer

Illustration shows balls in gun. Water passing through dissolves balls,
carrying fertilizer to grass, flowers, shrubbery, or vegetable garden

The FERTALL GUN— $2.50

— A unique invention — made of polished brass, attached to the garden
hose or sprinkler, forms a convenient handle. Need not be removed.

FERTALL BALLS

8 charges (18 balls), $100. One charge sufficient to fertilize, one time, 800 square feet
FERTALL BALLS are sparkling, all-soluble, no-waste, odorless, stainless plant food
that stimulates and revives grass or garden plants and flowers and discourages weeds.
FERTALL TABLETS for potted plants, box of 12, 10c. 3 boxes, 25c.

Combination Offer

FERTALL GUN and 8 charges
(48 FERTALL BALLS) — sufficient
for a season's feeding of a moder-
ate size lawn. By
Parcel Post Prepaid
for

The Fertall Co.

9 Campbell St., Newark, N. J.

lg or a moaer-

$3.50

MAIL ORDER COUPON g m

Fertall Co., Newark, N. J.

Enclosed is $3.50 for which send me your guar-
anteed Fertall Gun and 8 charges of Fertall Balls
by mail, postpaid, with privilege of return within
30 days if not satisfactory.

Name

Street and Number

City

State .

294

The Garden Magazine, July, 1

THE BRAND MASTERPIECES

America’s Most Beautiful Line of Peonies

THAT many of the Brand Varieties are rated among the very best is
most strikingly demonstrated by the many sorts of our introduction
now included in the newest lists just out of the “World’s Best Peonies.”

Of 50 varieties constituting Wm. A.
Peterson’s “Master List” six sorts, or
1232%, are Brand Varieties.

9 out of 56, or a trifle over 16%, of
Henry S. Cooper’s “World’s best at any
price” peonies are varieties of our intro-
duction.

4 out of Mr. Boyd’s selection as the 21
world’s best the “Creme de la Creme” of
peonies, or nearly 20%, are Brand Varieties.

In making your selection of peonies
there is no safer guide to go by than the
unsolicited expressed judgment of the
recognized peony experts of the country.

I feel that I now have the largest and most complete collection in America of all
the choicer varieties of Kelway, Dessert, Lemoine and other French growers and can
supply in large size roots such varieties as Bayadere, Candeur, Clemenceau, Exquisite,
Jubilee, Kelway’s Glorious, Lady Duff, La Fee, Laura Dessert, Le Cygne, Philippe
Rivoire, Phvllis Kelway, Raoul Dessert, etc.

XViito for Beautiful 1920-21 Catalogue

A. M. BRAND, 42 Years a Peony Grower Lock Box 367, Faribault, Minn.

Buy Direct of the Growers:

Walter Blom C& Son

Overveen, Holland

Established 1870

Why are Blom’s Bulbs so much in demand?

Because only the best qualities and sorts are
selected, the packing is done correctly and neatly
and best possible value for money is given.

Apply for catalogue without delay and try

Blom’s Bulbs

They will give you the highest satisfaction.
Delivered free in New York

Address:

J. A. deVeer, Sole Agent, 15 Park Row, New York

What Can I Plant in July?

Do you feel that you are living on the street — do
you wish you had a wall? Arrowwood, Golden Bell, Pine,

Spruce, Fir, Hemlock, Oak, Dogwood, Maple, Linden —
any of these will make a splendid wall of green, yet they do
not say “Keep Out” in so harsh a way as do walls of brick
or stone.

1 here’s lots of fun in the arrangement of new plants
and trees about the grounds. In midsummer you can see
just what is needed, and the growing things may be put in
their places in full leaf.

Are you on the seashore? You will find at Hicks
Nurseries many varieties of Pine, Bayberry and Oak with
salt resisting foliage.

Are you in the mountains where it is difficult to plant
in the spring? You can plant a garden of handsome flowers,
and enjoy it right away.

Do you want cool shade? You can have shade trees
5 to 20 feet wide delivered and planted now in parks or on
your lawn.

Do you wish to put cover plants under your trees and
shrubs? Many of them can be planted in July.

Send for “ Home Landscapes" and circulars on Summer Planting

HICKS NURSERIES

Box M, Westbury, L. I., New York

The Garden

rot, xxxm. No. 5 MAGAZINE At

LIHW AWV

VOffk

HOT aNICaL
Ua KliiiM

CV3

<r>

i

03
I

"BUT THERE IS ONLY THE OAK TREE RUSTLING IN THE WIND.
THE HOUSE IS VERY QUIET,

1 THINK THE CANTERBURY BELLS ARE PLAYING LITTLE TUNES.”

Amy Lowell

Mattie Edwards Hewitt, Photo.

Here house and garden are merged into a friendly,
hospitable whole making outdoor living simple of attain-
ment. How' inviting this cool seclusion on a midsummer
afternoon ! The Denagre residence at Manchester, Mass.

295

296

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

Mattie Edwards Hewitt, Photo.

“THERE I FIND MY FAIR OASIS,

AND WITH CARE-FREE FEET I TREAD
FOR THE PATHWAY LEADS TO NOWHERE,

AND THE BLUE IS OVERHEAD!

“ALL THE WAYS THAT LEAD TO SOMEWHERE
ECHO WITH THE HURRYING FEET
OF THE STRUGGLING AND THE STRIVING,

BUT THE WAY I FIND SO SWEET
BIDS ME DREAM AND BIDS ME LINGER,

JOY AND BEAUTY ARE ITS GOAL-
ON THE PATH THAT LEADS TO NOWHERE
I HAVE SOMETIMES FOUND MY SOUL!”

Caroline Roosevelt Robinson

Snapdragons, and Alyssum, and lowly yellow Poppies are do-
ing their best to deck the July garden regally; but Phlox,
the dependable, is after all the gardener’s greatest asset at this
season. Garden of Mrs. Paul Morton, Southampton, L. 1.

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

297

“I NEVER KNEW THE EARTH HAD SO MUCH GOLD—
THE FIELDS RUN OVER WITH IT.”

Lotus Untermeyer

The golden blaze of Rudbeckia hirta (Cone-flower or Black-eyed
Susan) flowering in the foreground seems a veritable personifi-
cation of midsummer glory. It is never lovelier than running
gaily so at will across the fields; best effects are often
gained when the set confines of the garden are forgotten

Ways of Framing with Growing Things of Many Kinds and Colors a Little

Bit of Green Earth Which Offers Hours of Friendly Quiet After the Busy Day ! n

I a

Editor’s Note: Because he first practises what he preaches Mr. Rea’s articles ring convincingly. Also it is hut rarely that a pi

sculptor is a serious gardener as well, combining trained perception of line and form with a thorough understanding of plant materials,
gained through seasons of actually seeding, watering, and warding. Our readers who pleasantly recall “Statuary In the Garden ” o
(December, 1920,) and “ IV hy I Grow Delphiniums” (April, 1921) will, we are sure, be happy to hear again from the writer of these. ■. $

' 1 E most promising development in American gardening
wlmv s'nce t^le advent of the “Hardy Border” has been the
idea t*le " Secluded Garden.” This idea is not,
ilFlrG^ of course, by any means altogether new; there have
always been scattered examples of this type of garden building.
Until a few years back, however, the generality of us seem to
have considered the whole subject of gardening as much as
possible from the viewpoint of the casual passerby. Conse-
quently we expended the greater part of our gardening labors in
decorating our front lawns — they were yards then as 1 recall —
solely for his delectation.

With the hope that he might be impressed by the resulting
apparent spaciousness of our grounds and at the same time the
more readily decipher the intricate designs wrought out in gaudy
bedding plants, we went so far as to do away with the very fences
that used to line our village streets. Even the romantic associa-
tions clustering about those old gateways with thin creaking
latches and scolding hinges were not enough to save them from
the despoiler’s hand. They were ruthlessly swept away, until
in the remotest crossroads hamlet scarce a dooryard fence was
to be found.

As we came by slow degrees to appreciate the pictorial value
of unbroken stretches of shaded turf against backgrounds of
trees and shrubbery and to understand the superiority of the
hardy perennial planting over our ephemeral carpet bedders, we
began building borders and shrubberies with the conscious pur-
port not only of making our homes attractive from the street
but of enhancing the views from our windows and verandas as
well.

Gradually we are going a step farther and are coming to look
upon the garden proper as but a larger, gayer summer living-
room — a restful shrine dedicated to quietness and beauty — where
we may effectually escape not only the street noises but all the
thousand and one jarring, discordant sights and sounds of this
mechanical age, when it has well-nigh come to seem as if steam,
electricity, and gasolene are all that really matter.

One who has not sat of a summer twilight for an hour’s quiet
chat or contemplation in the blissful calm of such a retreat can
hardly realize the sense of almost infinite relief afforded by just
a bit of turf or flagged pavement; at its centre a sundial perhaps,
a bird bath, or a tiny pool, reflecting on placid surface blue sky
and fleecy clouds, beyond the variously arranged beds of gay
flowers; and an enclosing wall, hedge, or the most prosaic of back-

yard fences — provided only it be high and tight enough to shut
out all exterior distractions.

Our interest in this type of garden is largely due, no doubt, as
in the case of the hardy border, to our wider and more intelligent
interest in gardening matters in general and to our increasing
appreciation of the aesthetic possibilities of garden building,
even in limited areas; both largely occasioned by the constantly
accumulating literature on the subject of landscape gardening
and our consequently increased knowledge of the gardens of
Italy, England, and Japan, where the garden, largely or en-
tirely hidden from the public view, is a more or less characteristic
feature.

A very special joy afforded the owner of a secluded garden,
aside from the benediction of its calm and quiet, arises from the
opportunity it offers for working out his or her own “plot ” ideas. J
These relate to planning and choice of material and, more par-
ticularly, to so arranging the material as to provide for a succes-
sion of harmonious color schemes as the season advances from the
time of the Dutch bulbs to that of the last Daisies and Chrysan-
themums. Not but that the same principles apply with equal
force to all gardening features; they do most decidedly! An
expert gardener with a feeling for composition, or an eye for
balance of form and color, which is the same thing, will make a
beauty spot out of a vegetable patch. But landscape and garden
builders nowadays are pretty generally agreed that the areas
directly bordering our streets are best planted in a simple and
dignified manner, with shade trees, flowering shrubs, dwarf
evergreens, or possibly an unobtrusive grouping of hardy peren-
nials; and that our more personal and individual whims and
fancies are best allowed full scope in the more retired portions
of our grounds. In the secluded garden, then, we look for a
well ordered riot of gay, bright, cheerful color. The fashion
started in Europe a few years ago of having gardens all of a
single color — white, pink, blue, or yellow, as the case might be — -
a starved, beggarly fashion, say I; but that, too, is a matter for
each gardener to settle for himself.

Owing to the restricted areas commonly available for the
secluded garden and their more or less conventional shape,
usually a square or an oblong, a measure of formality both as
to plan and .planting seems best. This applies equally to the
choice and placing of whatever accessories may be employed.
The simple seat of wood, stone, or cement ; the sundial, the gazing
globe, bird-bath, statue, and fountain are equally at home here.

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

299

In the main the plans fall into two general groups — the one
built about a central, unbroken patch of lawn, and the other
made up entirely of walks and beds variously arranged. The
former scheme, for sundry weighty reasons, is as a usual thing
somewhat more popular. It not only gives a greater oppor-
tunity for pictorial composition ; but, if the garden is thought of as
an outdoor room, seems more appropriate.

The small sketches I, II, III, and IV show examples of this
first type. In Plan I, a simple but very effective form, we have
the central rectangular lawn inclosed except for the passageways,
in this case at the ends, by two long narrow beds. These are in
turn surrounded by a grass walk, beyond which lie still other
beds and the enclosing wall or hedge.

Plan 1 1 shows slight variations. There are two additional
passageways to the central lawn; the outside walks lead at the
far end to openings in the hedge; and both hedge and bed at the
farther end are extended in a bow. This has the effect of con-
siderably increasing the apparent length of the garden and fur-
nishes an ideal setting for a garden bench, fountain, or statue.

Plan 1 1 1 shows one of several possible arrangements for a
small square garden. In this sketch a flagged terrace is indi-
cated along one side of the garden while in Plans I and II a
pergola occupies the corresponding position.

Occasionally one sees a garden constructed about a circular
or oval lawn, or even a semicircular plot. In the case of the
semicircle the flat side might lie along a pergola as in Plan IV.

Of course, where the plot is necessarily irregular in shape and
surface, a frankly naturalistic treatment may seem the only
possibility. In such an event a judicious use of shrubbery and

perennials in a park-like arrangement will likely prove most
satisfactory.

The ground under the pergola and the walks may well be left
in sod. Brick, stone flagging, and gravel are, however, often
used. These, of course, add materially to the cost of construc-
tion.

The second type of enclosed garden (of which sketches V and
VI show examples), where the whole area is laid out in beds and
walks, has an ancient and honorable tradition to recommend it.
The so-called Colonial gardens were very often built on this
plan. That very fact seems to give an air of old-time quaint-
ness which the grass-centred garden is likely to lack. Though,
as I said before, from a strictly artistic standpoint, modern taste
is apt to decide in favor of the grass centre.

Of this second class, Plan V shows one of the simplest and
most satisfactory forms. The common artifice of increasing the
apparent length of the garden by placing the cross walk some-
what beyond the exact centre is illustrated in this sketch. The
eye easily estimates the dimensions of the beds near at hand and
naturally takes those farther away to be of the same size.

A major problem in building the secluded garden is, of course,
how to provide for the seclusion. We can’t all afford walls of
stone, brick, or cement. The cost of an evergreen hedge, of
Arborvitae perhaps, is in many cases not excessive. The Privet
hedge is always attractive and, in a climate where it does not
winter-kill, is as good as any. A row of Lilacs would do. I
heard of one bold spirit who set a hedge of Carolina Poplar. It
was eight feet high the first season, very fresh and beautiful, too.
One could hardly recommend it seriously, however, as it would

1 Its

1 vli ■|| pi 3 A J 3

1*1

HERE CARE MAY NOT ENTER

What a refreshing spot in which to slough off all the irritations of the day! And quite within the bounds of
possibility, even for those of us who have only a few yards of mother earth at our disposal. A skilful treatment
of a small area which abolishes any sense of limitation and fills the visitor with zeal to go and do likewise

300

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

surely soon grow beyond all bounds. Climbing Roses on trellis
work, Virginia Creeper and Clematis on chicken wire, a simple
shrubbery background, or a high board fence relieved with vines
will, any one of them, serve the purpose.

An altogether charming feature for enclosing one side, at least,
of such a garden is a pergola. Indeed, a grape clad arbor of
simple rustic design, or one more ambitious architecturally,
is an almost indispensable ad-
junct. In its shelter is the ideal
place for the summer tea-table,
about which the chairs are ar-
ranged to afford glimpses of the
garden through the leafy screen.

If Grapes of several sorts are
planted, and the vines are trained
and pruned to produce both shade
and fruit, then the September and
October garden will be particu-
larly delightful. There is a deal
of poetry in a grape

q

i

iEillii;,

inni

PLAN II
(right)

A slightly
■elaborated
version of
Plan I

PLAN I (above)
A simple and very
effective form

PLAN III

A square garden which
may be enjoyed from
the flagged terrace
adjoining one end

arbor hung thick with
clusters of variously
colored fruit, backed
by glowing autumn
Daisies and Chrysan-
themums.

Any garden is more
interesting if built on
different levels. 1 al-
ways recommend rais-
ing the floor of the
pergola a step or two
above the level of the
adjacent ground if
practicable.

In the type of gar-
den having a central
open stretch of lawn
and a high enclosing
feature at its outer edge, the
taller growing plants naturally
fall into position in the ex-
treme outer bed and, possibly,
in the outer half of the inner
beds. To name only a few
plants suitable for such placing
— Hardy Asters, Delphiniums
Dahlias, and Hollyhocks —
come perhaps first to mind.

Any two of these may be set
alternately near the back of
the beds with a row of Hardy
Asters in front. Perennial
Phloxes and clumps of Ma-
donna Lilies may be put next.

With so much of the beds oc-
cupied by perennials, 1 prefer

to leave the remaining areas, particularly the fronts of the
centre beds, to be filled with various annuals. In this way the
gardener may have the fun of working out new color schemes
each season. The possibilities are indeed endless.

For low edging there are Pansies, dwarf Snapdragons, English
Daisies, Sweet Alyssum, Ageratum, etc. Alyssum is often used
to outline all of my beds with one of the other plants just named
placed immediately back of it. I like the Alyssum best planted
directly next the grass instead of six inches from the edge of the
bed as so many gardeners insist on doing. The very dwarf
Snapdragon, in any of a long list of lovely separate colors or in
mixture, is most desirable toward the front of the beds.

The intermediate Snapdragons, which grow about fifteen
inches tall, annual Phloxes of the dwarfer, more compact types,

PLAN IV

The semi-circle offers
interesting planting
possibilitiesand a max-
imum of effect with
the minimum of effort

PLAN V

Here the lawn is
entirely absorbed
in walks and beds
formally placed in
old-time manner

Stocks, Asters in many varieties, Pinks, Nemesias, Schizanthus,
Godetias, Calendulas, annual Larkspurs, etc., etc., furnish a
rich fund of material from which to choose for filling the remain-
der of the beds. The point is that the selection should not be
made at random, but to be successful must be carefully thought
out. For instance, there are perhaps a half dozen quite distinct
types of the annual Sweet Alyssum alone. Each garden planter

should select the one that seems
to fit his scheme best. Then the
finest seeds should be obtained;
the most carefully made plans go
all awry if inferior seeds are sown.
No amount of coddling will evolve
a first rate lot of plants from a
packet of third rate seeds! Many
gardeners do not seem to realize
this. Personally, 1 try always to
get seeds directly from the man
who grew them. One can always
find the best seed if one is willing
to take the necessary pains. The
reward is, 1 assure you, always
worth the trouble.

The areas along the
outer enclosing walk
may be filled with
plants to come into
perfection after those
of the centre have
passed their prime.
Hardy Asters in the
newer named varieties
are especially to be
recommended. These
are beautiful supple-
mented with Anemones and
Hardy Chrysanthemums. Of
the latter, many early-
flowering named sorts that
will really come to perfection
planted in the open, are now
available. As the outer beds
are likely to be somewhat
less formal in character,
Irises, Cottage Tulips, and
Daffodils may be planted
there.

Dutch bulbs (to be re-
moved after flowering), make,
of course, a beautiful display
in the central beds in the early

season.

1 n the other type of enclosed
garden the planting is usually
somewhat different. While it should, of course, be arranged
with some regard to the whole garden picture, each bed is more
likely to be considered individually. The lack of a central open
lawn considerably reduces the necessity of building up from the
centre to the outer hedge or wall. The fact that the beds are
likely to be broader suggests building them up to their own
centres. In this type of enclosed garden, edgings of dwarf Box
are almost traditional.

The possibilities are so numerous that it is useless going into
further details. To plant a garden effectively one must first
become familiar with the material available and make one’s
own selections. Various almanacs and tables that have been
published from time to time help to a certain extent, as they
give heights, colors, season of flowering etc., of the garden
plants in common use. But for real success the first-hand
knowledge gained by actually growing the plants is the best
school — one is tempted to say the only school.

PLAN VI

The square enclosure
treated in “Colonial”
style has a pleasing air
of quaintness and pro-
vides abundant room for
all the old garden
favorites

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

301

WHERE THE WORLD IS NOT TOO MUCH WITH US

Clarence Fowler, Landscape Architect

The grass walk stepping softly up to a dramatic little climax created
by the concentrated brightness of Hydrangeas and wall-fountain, and
the interesting variation of form in the planting materials used make
this corner an exceptionally alluring one. A hovering suggestion of
mystery, too, charms the stroller and impels him expectantly on to
discover what may be just around the bend!

r vf

GARDEN FURNITURE

i.

ITS USES AND ABUSES

I

E. C. STILES

j§

Landscape Architect

Some Suggestions by a Designer of Gardens as to How

Mistakes in Furnishing May be Avoided — Various

jjfe.

Kinds of Garden Accessories and Where Best Placed

lisp

H E history of garden making is nearly as old as the his-
tory housing itself; but in spite of this and the fact
that more and more attention is being given to the
ehP(P selection and arrangement of furniture for the house,
the problem of properly furnishing our gardens is still, to a
great extent, an untouched one.

The traditions of an earlier day continue largely to govern the
uses and the forms of garden furniture; and, though much inter-
esting and instructive literature on interior furnishing has been
published, practically nothing has been offered for the guidance
of the general reader in the proper selection and placing of furni-
ture out of doors.

In the garden, as elsewhere, the principles of correct use
may be summarized by the word “propriety.” This word
is all-embracing and governs not only the placing of the article
in a particular situation, but determines as well the style of the
article chosen in its relation to the feeling or atmosphere of the
whole garden.

Probably the point best taken up first with the reader is the

actual location of the various articles of furniture in the different
types of garden. A second consideration would be the use of
garden accessories at salient points of interest on the property
which do not fall inside of fixed garden areas: such as the placing
of vases, statues, benches, etc. on house terraces, in wall-niches
or at look-out points which offer vistas over surrounding terri-
tory.

OF THE two chief types of garden, the formal and the in-
formal, the formal is perhaps the more difficult to furnish
suitably. One of the confusing aspects of this problem, to the
uninitiated, is the question of the correct points at which to place
various garden accessories; yet the solution is quite simple once
certain fundamental rules are clearly grasped. A survey of
Plan 1, which offers an example of the ordinary type of formal
garden for a place of a moderate acreage, will serve by way of
illustration. As can be readily seen, there are certain fixed
focal points toward which the eye is attracted when one walks
about the garden; and which are the governing factors in any

Nathan R. Graves Co., Photo.

THE SUMMER-HOUSE SERVING DOUBLE PURPOSE

Affording a comfortable seat sheltered from over-much glare on a sunshiny day,
the summer-house here furnishes as well a logical termination for the garden walk

302

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

303

arrangement of furniture; some points, of course, having pre-
ference over others.

The main axis, or centre line through the garden, is naturally
the most important one, and in this particular plan has been
given an arch at the entrance end and a pergola at the far end.
The pergola was so placed Decause the final terminus of this
central axis is the most important point in the whole garden
scheme. A tea-house, or some other feature similar in char-
acter, would have been just
as suitable in this location,
provided the general style of
the garden required such an
article. The thing to remem-
ber, however, is that the
principal garden feature should
go here. For the entrance, a
hedge, arch, stone or wooden
posts, a pair of formal ever-
greens, or something of like
nature would have served just
as well, their actual selection
being governed by the kind
of terminal feature used
for this axis and by the
design of the garden as a
whole.

The reader will further
notice in this connection that
at the five points where cross-
walks intersect the main walk
slightly larger areas have been
provided; but, nevertheless,
the only one of these at which
any article of garden furniture
should be placed is the central
intersection. Here the two
main axes of the garden cross,
making a focus for the entire
composition which should be
emphasized; and the placing
of various articles of garden
furniture at any of the other
four intersections would only
distract attention from this
main focal point. For this
position individual choice may
suggest a sun-dial, a gazing-
globe, a tall bird-bath, a well-
curb or possibly a bit of very
carefully selected statuary; if
the rest of the garden is formal
enough in treatment to war-
rant its use.

Both ends of the secondary
or central cross axis are, it will
be observed, terminated by a
garden bench set far enough
back into the flower border
so as to leave the walks them-
selves quite unimpeded for
traffic. Benches have been in-
troduced in similar manner at
the four corners of the gar-
den; and the indentations thus
made add to the interest of
the design.

So far then the garden has been provided with an outstanding
entrance feature, a still heavier terminal feature for the middle
axis, a main central feature, and features for the two ends of the
cross axis and the four corners of the garden. In each case,
except at the centre, seating accommodations have been plan-

ned for so that the visitor may comfortably view the garden
vistas from various angles.

Minor decorative features may now be introduced, and the
two small white squares on Plan 1 indicate an effective location
for a pair of garden statues, which so placed will give added
weight to the terminal feature of the garden and at the same time
be themselves provided with a fitting and adequate background.
Square or round tubs for Bay-trees, standard or pyramidal Box,

etc., vases of earthenware or
stone, which can be had in
many fine shapes, may be
placed as suggested by the
small black squares (Plan I).
Finally, in the extreme corner
of the garden area — which, it
will be noted, are on axis with
the corners of the garden
and the secondary cross axes
formed by the walks, four
black circles show proper lo-
cations for bird-houses, arti-
ficial columns, lighting stand-
ards, and other tall features
which will project above and
be partially concealed by the
Plan I bordering shrubbery.

Although every garden has,
of course, its own particular
needs and limitations, the
fundamental principles illus-
trated in Plan I are quite gen-
erally applicable.

TH E informal type of flower
garden, as shown in Plan
II, is far simpler to deal with
successfully. Here again the
entrance way has been pro-
vided with an arch, or other
similar feature, and the further
end of the main axis has been
given required weight by the
introduction of a pergola,
which could just as well be a
tea - house. Garden benches
have been placed at what
would be the two ends of the
main cross axis, and these
have been set back into the
flower border as in Plan I in
order not to interrupt the big
sweep of lines. The only other
piece of garden furniture which
could be properly introduced
would be at the centre, a good
position for dial, bird-bath, or
gazing-globe. Statuary, or
even an imitation well-curb,
would be far too formal for
this type of enclosure. Bird-
houses might well be located
in the positions indicated by
the black circles in the extreme
corners of the design and
would, indeed, be much more
in keeping with this type of

Plan II

Plan III

garden than with the more formal type. Statuary, lighting
standards, or columns would here be entirely out of place.

At last, we come to the question of garden ornaments as
used outside of the regular boundaries of the garden. There
are a number of available locations on the ordinary small

304

The Garden Magazine, July, 192.

ft

FOR INFORMAL USI

The swinging couch o
portable hammock, am I
some other pieces tha
may be shifted at random
wherever most desired aril
on occasion quite indis-l
pensable. When not ar I
intrinsic feature of the I
garden design almost an) I
type of furniture may bi I
chosen; durability ancl
adaptability being the I
prime considerations

Nathan R. Graves Co., Photo.

estate, unfortunately far too frequently subject to all manner
of ill-treatment.

The path leading across an informal lawn area which may
have its focal point in a doorway or window is a preferred loca-
tion for a sun-dial or a tall bird-bath. In such a position a
low, shallow bird-bath should never be used as it is not large
enough to be of any particular significance and will merely
appear as a stumbling block in the walk area. Low bird-baths
should be reserved for small, partially en-
closed lawn spaces or other secluded spots
about the grounds where they are not on a
main axis and where the prime object is to
avoid the formality and the somewhat harsh
line of a dish raised on a tall standard.

ralities by way of guidance. The rest
must be left to the wisdom and the
taste of the home-builder and each
problem must be solved as it presents
itself.

In the selection of furniture as much
care should be taken as though it were to
be used indoors. 1 n the case of the formal

PLAN 1 1 1 offers a good example of the
treatment of a look-out point, which
affords vistas over the surrounding territory.
It will be noticed that the wall has been bowed
out between the two trees which furnish a
shady, artistic setting, and that the path
area has been enlarged and a bench in-
troduced. Such a look-out point inevitably
suggests some kind of seating accommoda-
tions, for it is the sort of place where people
love to linger. The bench used here should
be of stone, made separate from or joined
to the wall; or it should be constructed of
heavy oak timbers or some other durable,
dark-stained wood to harmonize with the
decidedly rustic and quiet character of its
surroundings. Anything conspicuous or of
a highly ornamental nature would immedi-
ately strike a jarring note.

Perhaps enough has been said in regard
to proper placing; so much, of necessity,
depends on the individual idiosyncrasies
of each particular property that all one can
safely do is to present a few sound gene-

Jessie Tarbox Beals, Photo.

A COMFORTABLE CORNER FOR AFTERNOON TEA

The garden that is to be really used to any extent needs convenient equipment; an adjustable umbrella,
a table, and some well-built seats make luncheon or tea out of doors a daily possibility and pleasure

THE BIRD-BATH

As a point of inter-
est which breaks an
otherwise mono-
tonous line

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

305

Mary //. Northsnd, Photo.

THE TEA-HOUSE AS A TERMINAL FEATURE

So used as an integral part of the whole garden plan, the tea-
house furnishes an unobtrusive point of interest toward
which the colorful borders seem naturally to flow. Feathery
Astilbe, fragrant Pinks, vivid Peonies, stately Larkspur, and
other familiar favorites richly frame the open lawn. The big
jar, standing amid so much fleeting efflorescence, has a re-
assuring air of permanence and substantiality

306

garden this is especially necessary, for if the garden happens
to be French, English, or Italian in motif, it should be furnished
accordingly and a piece of modern “arts-and-crafts” would
be as thoroughly out of place here as in an Elizabethan drawing-
room. If the garden reflects no particular period and can be
designated merely as a formal garden of standard American
type, its ornaments may be ordered directly from any manufac-
turer, care being taken to have the same decorative motif run
through all of the designs employed.

The informal garden is less exacting in its requirements and
nearly anything which is of good design and not too ornate
may well be used. Flower boxes, vases, etc., used outside the
garden proper and in conjunction with the house, as on a
terrace for example, should agree with the spirit of the

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

house. This is imperative where the architecture has marked
character.

Above all do not disregard the proprieties and violate all
principles of good taste by buying ornamental sun-dials, gazing-
globes, and what not, to Set up in haphazard manner in a poorly
kept up garden or small out-of-the-way lawn in which a highly
ornamented article has no proper background, and absolutely no
significance except as an evidence of money spent by the owner.
We have finally escaped from the ante-bellum period of iron
vases and stone dogs that once were wont to disport themselves
on some of our village lawns; having achieved the freedom of
reason let us not revert to this or some similarly senseless custom
by the display of highly ornamental garden furniture in locations
which are absolutely inadequate and render it meaningless.

Vv ,K*r'

SUMMER GARDEN

LOUISE DRISCOLL

Here is a caravanserie

For bird and butterfly and bee.

Here is an inn where wise toads drink.
And jump at flies, gossip, and blink
When vivid wings come flying low
Where little cups of honey grow.

Perhaps the toads are merchants who
Know more than people think they do.
There ’s one lives in my pansy bed
Who sometimes thrusts his funny head
Suddenly out, as though he were
Looking for some winged customer.

On wings they come from near and far
To where my garden markets are.

The humming bird buys larkspur blue
To keep his sapphire, shining hue,

And there ’s a spotted moth that goes
Day by day to a scarlet rose.

1 wish I could hear butterflies
Bargaining for pansy dyes,

I’d like to know what moon moths sing
To pale wisteria blossoming.

1 wonder if that rose was glad
To give the gold bee what she had!

THE "FARTHEST NORTH'’ PEONY COLLECTION

Here in his garden at Ayer’s Cliff, Province of Quebec, Canada, Mr. Norton grows something over four hundred and fifty vari-
eties of Peony including, of course, most of the choicest; which affords opportunity for a considerable amount of experimental work

PERSONAL PREFERENCES OF A PEONY FANCIER

HARRY A. NORTON

Editor’s Note: That a man of affairs with headquarters at Boston has found time in the intervals of business to establish in

Canada so notable a garden evidences a considerable and unflagging enthusiasm. Mr. Norton is, in fact, not only an ardent collector of
Peonies but their benefactor as well; being a very active member of The American Peony Society whose annual exhibition was
recently held at Horticultural Hall, Boston.

•HE first Peony I remember was the red one that grew
zm in our garden when I was a small boy; later, white and
pink ones were added. No one seemed to know their
5r|r ^ names — they were just “Peonies,” but they brought
a welcome note of color to the garden every June.

It was many years after, and quite by accident that my at-
tention was drawn to the modern Peony. While waiting one
day for luncheon in the chateau district of France, my host
suggested that I look at a garden across the street. There, in
a brief half hour, 1 saw one of the finest collections in Europe;
for, although 1 did not realize it at the time, I was in the garden
of M. Dessert, one of the world’s greatest Peony growers from
whose garden have come some of the finest Peonies in cul-
tivation.

Later, a visit to the Flower Show in Paris disclosed more won-
derful varieties, and finally, after a trip to Japan in the season
when Peonies and Irises were at their best, 1 became so en-
thusiastic that I commenced collecting.

.In my first importation were included several of the Tree-
peony type. They arrived too late in the season to be planted,
as the ground was frozen, so they were put in the cellar and

forgotten until one day in early spring several of the plants were
discovered in full bloom.

After a dozen years of collecting and discarding, there are now
growing in my garden about four hundred and fifty varieties of
Peonies ranging from a division of that first Peony I can re-
member, P. officinalis rubra, to the most recently introduced
varieties.

It is generally conceded that there are altogether too many
varieties in cultivation, but it is a difficult matter for many of
us to discard a thrifty plant once it is established, especially
if it shows a friendly disposition to bloom faithfully each year,
and in time one is very likely to accumulate a considerable
number of second rate varieties which should be replaced by
those of the first class.

The most satisfactory way to select the best varieties is to
attend the Peony Shows or to visit the Peony gardens during
the blooming season. This gives an opportunity for comparing
color, form, and fragrance, and eliminates all chance of confusion
over catalogue descriptions.

There are so many varieties, each having its own particular
charm, that it is difficult to say when the limit of my favorites

307

308

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

Nathan R. Graves, Photo.

SOMETIMES CALLED “THE WATER LILY ”

Though not a new variety Marie Jacquin is, nevertheless, worthy of a place in any
collection, with rose-white petals curving inward about the clustered yellow stamens

has been reached, and many more varieties might easily be
added. However, the following are outstandingly good under
conditions here and are those most admired by visitors to my
garden.

One could hardly begin a collection without Festiva maxima,
that splendid, large, globular, white variety with its strong,
healthy growth and abundant bloom, and while it is one of the
older varieties it is still very popular and among the best.
It is sure to be found in nearly all collections large and small.

Marie Jacquin, sometimes called “The Water Lily,” is not a
new variety but is very distinct and beautiful with its white or
rose-white, wide, incurved petals showing an open centre
filled with yellow stamens like a Water Lily. It is particularly
fine in its half-open stage.

A strong, fine plant of La Rosiere, with its mass of large, flat,
semi-double white blooms, is one of the most striking specimen
plants in my collection.

Solange is one of the aristocrats of the garden, but is difficult
to describe. It has been called “an unusual and indescribable
coloring of rare beauty,” a delicate lilac-white deepening toward
the centre with salmon shading. The color chart is of little use
in classifying this flower. The only place 1 have seen similar
shading has been in an occasional sunset sky.

Very distinct and beautiful, with petals much incurved, is the
large, globular, pure white Le Cygne. This variety is still scarce.

Frances IVillard is a perfectly formed flower, large and fine.
As a cut flower or protected from the sun, it retains its delicate
pinkish cream tints and lasts well.

Encbanteresse is not as well
known as it should be. It is a
large, globular, compact, creamy
white flower; a tall vigorous
grower and very late.

Marie Lemoine, a white variety
of exquisite beauty. Very late.

Grandiflora (Richardson), one
of the older varieties, but very-
beautiful in coloring; rose-white,
free flowering and one of the
latest to bloom. Its merits seem
to have been overlooked. It is
a good keeper and should be more
generally grown.

Jubilee is probably the largest
Peony in my collection and is a
very good flower, possibly it has
been overrated; and, although a
prize winner at the Shows, it lacks
the charm of Therese, Le Cygne,
or Solange.

M. Jules Elie, one of the older
varieties, still holds its place be-
cause of its large, glossy, flesh-
pink, bomb-type blooms with in-
curved petals. This dependable
variety, with its blooms covered
with a silvery sheen, is worthy of
a place in any collection.

Martha Bulloch is probably the
largest and most striking of the
pink varieties and a healthy,
strong grower.

Sarah Bernhardt is a splendid
deep, rose-pink of large size.
One of the best in the mauve-
rose shades is Kelways Queen.
These last four are my fa-
vorites in the deeper shades of
pink.

In light pink varieties, I have
-yet to see a better variety than
Therese. To my mind it is one of the finest varieties in culti-
vation, and a well grown plant of this, carrying from thirty
to forty blooms, is a sight not easily forgotten.

Baroness Schroeder and • Venus are both worthy varieties, tall
and free bloomers; and that old reliable variety, La Perle, with
its large, rose-type, deep lilac-white blooms, is still a favorite
though it ceased to be a novelty many years ago.

In reds, Adolphe Rosseau is one of the best of the early semi-
double varieties. It is particularly effective against a back-
ground of shrubbery, and is a very tall, vigorous grower and
a dependable free bloomer. A newer dark crimson, and one of
exceptional merit and fragrance, is Philippe Rivoire which is fast
growing in popularity as it becomes better known.

Comparatively few people grow the single and Japanese
varieties. A few of these make a pleasant diversity and no
one will regret growing King oj England, rich rubv-red with a
yellow centre; L’ Etincelante, brilliant carmine with silvery
margin; La Fiancee (Dessert), large white with yellow centre.
Silvia is one of the most beautiful single pink varieties, resem-
bling a huge wild rose. 1 1 is one of the very recent introductions
of Professor Saunders of Clinton, N. Y. Two especially fine
Japanese varieties are Tokio, with rose-pink guards and yellow
centre, and Tora-No-Maki, a most attractive white variety.

Paeonia lutea, a small, single, buttercup-yellow species, is
grown not only to add diversified interest, but because its pollen
is being used in hybridizing experiments with the hope that
something new and delightful in the way of yellow varieties may
be developed.

A»->

THE GARDEN
INDOORS AND OUT

EDITORIAL FOREWORD

GARDENING as a conscious, organized movement is still — comparatively,
at least — in its infancy; for this reason we are perhaps more keenly aware
than ever before of the strength and scope of its influence. More, too, than
ever before do we need in our whirring, crowded existences the refreshment of
spirit which the garden bestows; and, aware of this need, we are in our business-
like, modern fashion deliberately setting out to supply the demand. Hence the lightning popularity of solarium and sleeping-porch ; the
frenzied building of rock gardens, naturalesque pools, and perennial borders; the outcry for planting the city backyard. All these are
expressions of the healthy human delight in growing things, and as such deserve every encouragement. The terms of expression are
negligible; whether the perennial border and the rock garden are merely fads or something more fundamental that have come to stay,
does not matter at all; what does matter is that men and women everywhere are finding it worth while to cultivate the friendship of the
garden.

In all sorts of unobtrusive ways the garden colors our lives. Quietly it has stepped from outdoors in, gradually taking possession of
our homes till now we find its bright finger-prints everywhere — in chintzes and gaily flowered wallpapers; in floor coverings, whether
Chinese or Colonial; in window boxes cheerily ablossom upstairs and down; in the feathery ferns and trailing greenery of braziers. And,
like all really vital conquests, this conquest of the house by the garden has been pervasive rather than aggressive in character, evolution-
ary rather than revolutionary in method.

The household gods have nearly always been garden gods as well — the pottery, tapestry, and rugs of centuries back testify to this.
All sorts of floral motifs are rooted in the misty, very early days, and it is interesting to follow their development, transformation — often-
times transfiguration — at the hands of different peoples in their passage through the ages. Some have reached us quite unchanged,
others display immense variation, and each nation and each generation has, of course, added something to the total of such decorative
motifs until our present choice seems almost limitless.

In response to the interest nowadays of so many people in everything which offers beauty and wholesome living, this series — “ The
Garden Indoors and Out” — has been prepared; and the quality of their work, already well known, makes the tribute of these decorators
and landscapists to the gospel of gardening indisputably convincing.

“ In The City Garden,” the final article of this series will appear in August and will include a list, supplied by well known land-
scape architects, of plant materials which have been successfully grown in actual city gardens.

III.— IN THE COUNTRY GARDEN

RUTH DEAN

Landscape Architect

MHY put a player’s green on a one acre lot in a city
suburb? This is a question the Easterner is apt to
ask upon first sight of some of the garden plans of Mr.
Jens Jensen, Chicago’s forceful and imaginative land-
scape architect. Mr. Jensen’s replies are serene, for he has tried
out his ideas and seen them work, and he knows that if you
provide the means to spontaneous self-expression, children at
least, and, to a surprising extent, sophisticated grown-ups will
use them. The skeptical Easterner needs convincing, for he has
been brought up to believe that art and romance have passed
Chicago by; atany rate it will not do to be led into anyuncautious
enthusiasm about camp-fires and player’s greens and council
hills, without seeing them in action — they might turn out to be
mere freakish innovations. Mr. Jensen is not averse to furnish-
ing proof — he invites you to go out to his own place at Ravinia,
or arranges to have you visit the gardens of his clients, and the
result is such as to convert you completely.

On a frosty evening in September 1 made my first trip of
investigation, and I had stipulated that there was to be no
specially staged performance, nor in fact any previous warning
of our visit. It was late dusk when we arrived and from the
piazza I caught a glimpse of leaping flames down a long, dark
alley of Cedars— following this path to its end we came upon
a circle of family and friends gathered about the outdoor
equivalent of a living room fire-place — a round, stone-lined,
shallow hole in the ground, with as merry a fire as ever
crackled, burning ia it. That fire under the stars, was a
strange mixture of influences; it had its purely spiritual mo-
ments; but, on the other hand, its bright red flames went so far
as to inspire a staid Chicago business man to do a mock savage
dance, with his fifteen year old daughter beating a pan for a
tom-tom. The dance made no pretensions to a Broadway
standard — the important point about the performance was

that conventional folk lost their self-consciousness, and for an
hour or two played like children.

Mr. Jensen has discovered to any number of people their own
possibilities for simple self-expression, and the enjoyment to
be had from it. One may make an innocent game of charades
into a beautiful impromptu pageant, given an outdoor setting,
— a semi-circle of green, with a background of dark evergreens
behind it; and when this semi-circle is beyond a pool and
slightly higher, with wavering flambeaux (boxes of torchlight
powder) reflected in the water, there are no heights of poetry to
which average human beings may not rise.

The open air theatre, of course, is not a new thing; we have
had for a number of years at some of our colleges and on a few
private places, scattered outdoor theatres, at which occasional
performances have been given, with more or less formal
audiences. But it is the game in which everyone can take
part that is fun. We want not merely to read about garden
parties, wishing vaguely that it were possible to eat out-of-
doors, and to go with great difficulty once a summer to see
professional talent give an elaborately prepared play — we want
to make it so easy to have tea under the Apple tree, to act or
dance, or play on our own lawns that we will get out of the
habit of spending heavy summer evenings on the piazza con-
versing about the heat.

TAKE the question of eating out-of-doors. The plainest
meal becomes a bit of a feast, if it is spread under the grape
arbor, but this is a festivity so easily had that few but our
children and “foreigners” perceive it. Mr. Thomas A. Janvier
in his book on old New York, speaks of coming into a French
settlement on West 21st Street and beholding a “gay Gallic
company breakfasting under its own vine and ailanthus tree
with such honest light-heartedness as can be manifested only by

309

310

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

Marian C. Coffin, Landscape Architect

Fellowcrofts Photo Shop, Photo,

A GARDEN OF
GRACIOUS CURVES

In such garden-building
the circle holds its magic
undiminished, and lures
the stroller round and
round to enjoy the beauty
of Lilies and of lowlier
things which peep out at
one from the enframing
border. Garden of Mrs.
Frederick T ownsend,
Albany, N. Y.

French folk, eating something — eating almost anything out of
doors.”

But with us Americans, eating in the garden is still somewhat
of an occasion; it requires the special preparation of a picnic, or
a lawn social to bring us to it. True, the breakfast porch is
coming into favor, and the sleeping porch bids fair to ruin our
national architecture, but we have still to shake off the house
entirely and get out from under roofs, for ordinary affairs.
Probably the two chief deterrents are our national love of
convenience, and our national insect! We cannot quite recon-
cile ourselves (or our servants) to carrying the food from the
kitchen to some spot in the garden, when the dining-room is so
handy; and if we could overcome our inertia in this respect, we
would still encounter the mosquito. However, it is the extra
trouble of garden living which chiefly makes it unpopular, I am
convinced, because, in my own practice, I have never provided
an unroofed garden terrace as conveniently placed as the
porch, which did not entirely supplant the latter for
fair weather use. There is no doubt about the fact
that as a nation we place convenience first on our list of
requirements. 1 he kitchen must be near the dining-
room; we will not carry the soup down a corridor through
a butler’s pantry, across a hall, and past the “entry”
in order to get it to the dining-room, as do the English;
and, if we are to eat out-of-doors with the abandon
of the French, we must have the equivalent of their
jolly little paved courtyards just outside the kitchen,
or at the very least, no great distance from it.

Eating in the garden, perhaps the most fundamental
activity, is not the only one whose pleasure the garden
heightens. 1 once knew a Dutch gardener whose knowl-
edge of English and still more of its pronunciation, was
somewhat vague, but whose grasp of life’s little enjoy-
ments was complete. His favorite generalization was:

“A garden is a place to sit and medicate in”; and per-
haps it was his constant iteration of this mispronounced
homily, that taught me never to omit from a garden a
place for sitting and “medication.” To be able to
leave the house entirely, and sit down among the garden
inhabitants makes it possible to share their serenity. It
is the porch which alienates us from the garden; a rocking-
chair on the piazza is no substitute for a bench among
the Lilacs.

In other countries the total absence of porches leaves

no alternative but to step directly from the living rooms into the
garden; consequently gardens link themselves to the houses by
means of a terrace, or by no such intermediate step at all, and
the intimacy between the two is complete. An interesting
example of a connecting house and garden on Long Island is
that of Mrs. Robert C. Hill at Easthampton. “Grey Gardens”
was first built about thirty or forty feet away from the house
with a little walk leading down to an entrance gate in the wall.
But Mrs. Hill, feeling the lack of any real tie between her
house and her garden, took out a section of the wall on the house
side of the garden, returned the walls from a point each side of the
opening to meet the house, and formed a wide lane to the
garden. The strip of grass in the centre about ten feet wide,
she bordered with broad flower beds against the return walls,
and thus brought her garden up to the doorstep. This particu-
lar garden hospitably provides a choice of places for the would-
be meditator; a seat on one side is among salmon-colored

PLAYER'S GREEN

In Mr. Jens Jensen’s own garden at Ravinia, Illinois, is this charmingly
secluded spot where grown-ups and children alike may play at make-believe

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

311

GARDEN OF MRS. ROBERT C. HILL, EASTHAMPTON, L. I.

Two views of a garden which combines in rare fashion seclusion and a sense of freedom; just sufficiently shut in
to add point and zest to the sweeping outlook all about. It is, moreover, a genuinely comfortable garden; which
means, of course, that it is really lived in. A happy example of the skilful landscaping of Miss Ruth Dean

312

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

Dahlias with Lady Hillingdon Roses at their feet, and black-
purple Petunias flapping ragged trumpets on the ground below
the Roses. Down at the end of the garden are seats under an
arbor, where one gets a backward look over the whole, or a
view in the opposite direction to low sand dunes covered with
Bayberry, Cedar, and Sumach. It is a very livable garden — this
lavender, purple, white, and salmon-flowered place surrounded
by gray walls, and except for sleeping purposes and occasional
rains the house seems entirely superfluous.

INDEED, what can one not do more pleasurably out-of-
doors than in? A book is twice as entertaining read in the
garden, conversation twice as sprightly and the mending one
half as arduous. But reading and sewing in the garden require
comfortable garden furniture, furniture that may stay out-of-
doors indefinitely where it can always be found when it is
wanted; furniture that does not have to be brought from
indoors on each occasion of its use. Well-designed garden
furniture is hard to procure, and the architect who cares about
these details finds himself driven to designing his own benches
and tables, and having them made to order, unless the garden
be of a kind in which the classic marble bench is appropriate, or
in which green painted iron furniture is not out of place. Stone
or marble benches and tables may be found, beautifully designed
and well executed; this is true in lesser degree of iron furniture,
but stock, wooden furniture seems to be available only in heavy,
uninteresting designs. The kindness of Nature mitigates
somewhat their ugliness, but they are always offensive to the
appreciative eye, and it will not be long before an enterprising
manufacturer with a feeling for fitness, will realize this, and
replace the square, white-painted, often grotesque objects
which now clutter our gardens, with well-designed settles
and tables that follow some other style than the clumsy “mis-
sion” type.

Meantime good things may be had if one is willing to take

the trouble to get them, and without greater cost than the ?
poor ones. In cities, at least one manufacturer can always be 1
found who will make special designs, and a country carpenter, '
given a picture of a refectory table, or of an English settle (for
alas, the English have attended to this feature of garden work 3
as well as to most others, better than we!) can usually produce ’
a very interesting piece of furniture. A practical point worth lf
considering is to so construct the table tops and bench seats as to 1
allow rain water to run away easily— the simplest method being , e
to use wide pieces of wood with small cracks between, or in the i s
case of benches a slat construction.

The old benches which were often to be found on sunny L
side porches of colonial houses may well serve as models for
modern work. These were sometimes stenciled, sometimes ‘
painted green or red. A stenciled design would soon be lost, of :
course, from exposure to the elements, so that plain painting is 1
best for garden service. Oak or teak-wood left unfinished will
weather beautifully, but most other woods require to be painted
or stained. So, too, does wicker or reed furniture that is to be
left out in the open. The variety of choice in this kind of furn-
iture is wide, and if carefully varnished or painted each season,
it will stand a great deal of exposure.

Although a digression into the field of garden furniture is
perhaps not strictly to the point in such an article, every
detail which contributes toward making the garden livable is
more or less relevant to the subject. The things one does are
always bound up with the way one does them; and if living in
the garden remains difficult and unattractive, we will continue to
look at it from the comfortable vantage point of the piazza, and
it will remain a mere accessory of the house, to be exhibited as a i
possession or regarded as a part of the view. But until most of
us have been enticed away from our sheltering roofs, and in-
duced to discover the garden’s everyday uses, its greatest
satisfaction and most varied delights will continue undiscovered
secrets.

SPEAKING OF WINTER

ADOLPH KRUHM

brings the ideal as well as the eleventh-hour op-
portunity to provide more vegetables of the kind that
will keep the human body in good order during the
winter months. Even if you do go away some time
during July, perhaps not to return until late in August, by all
means either sow at once some of the vegetables suggested
or arrange with your gardener to have it done during your
absence. None of those suggested is difficult to grow, so that
the work may be safely left even to an unskilled laborer.

In analyzing vegetables according to their relative merit,
as sources of vitamine or as roughage, both essential elements in
nutrition without which the human engine will not function
properly, I find it difficult in some cases to draw a strict line.
Thus, Cabbage, eaten raw in the form of cold slaw, brings to the
body a remarkable amount of anti-scorbutic vitamine, which
is apt to be entirely lost in the process of boiling. Kale,

which is a member of the Cabbage family, constitutes
roughage entirely, since it is never eaten in the green stage;
and yet there is no question but that it also furnishes a
certain amount of water-soluble vitamine, chiefly because
it remains practically a fresh vegetable throughout the
winter and may be left growing on its hardy stalk until
a few hours before it is cooked. Again Spinach, one of
the richest of all vitamine carriers, next to Tomatoes — con-
tains such large amounts of that element that considerable
quantities remain in it even after cooking; while Tomatoes
lose none of the vitamines whatever the mode of table pre-
paration.

In connection with the root crops, 1 am indebted to Professor
Osborne, of New Haven, Connecticut, for the information that,
according to their relative vitamine-carrying qualities, Turnips
rank first, Carrots second, and Beets last. Since Kohlrabi and

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

313

Ruta-baga, or Swedish Turnip, are members of the Turnip
family, it is safe to say that they have at least as much nutritive
value.

As fifty per cent, of all Americans, regardless of class,
are over-fed and under-nourished, and seventy-five per cent,
of all diseases that attack the human body are directly or
indirectly traceable to this cause, a more thorough knowledge
of the nutritive value of the various vegetables would undoubt-
edly help us all to better health. In these statements 1 am
sustained by a medical authority on the subject of nutrition, or
rather mal-nutrition. The “tired feeling” that attacks many
of us in late winter and early spring is evidence that our bodies
are ill-nourished. And, since such symptoms are most preva-
lent during that season, it is obvious that, with all our steadily
advancing knowledge of nutrition, we are not, as yet, fortifying
ourselves sufficiently against winter.

The chief causes of ill-nourishment are a lack of a proper
amount of vitamines and an abundance of roughage. Fat,
carbohydrates and protein will sustain life. They are, how-
ever, not alone sufficient to cause the human engine to function
to perfection. Roughage is needed to remove accumulations
of impurities; vitamines are the factor needed to create the
strong red blood essential to disease resistance.

What to Sow Among Greens and Salads

THROUGHOUT July and early August, Endive, Lettuce,
Kale, and Spinach may be sown. Endive and Lettuce are
as a rule grown for salad purposes exclusively, although we find
them as palatable as Spinach and other greens when cooked in
the same way, especially if combined with Mustard. Its spicy
flavor makes Mustard a desirable addition to either salads or
greens, but being a crop requiring very cool weather for perfect
development, it should not be sown until August.

Endive may be stored in late fall in frames, the same as Let-
tuce; and, if handled in this manner, will provide salad right
up to Christmas or even later; during July, Cos or Romaine
Lettuce should be given the preference. Either will develop
strong, upright-growing bunches that keep well and may be
stored in the same fashion as Endive. Toward the latter part
of July and throughout early August it is preferable to again
sow the very early butter-head varieties which will thrive to
perfection during the congenial cool of the early fall season.

Until comparatively recently. New Zealand Spinach was
considered not a hardy plant. As a matter of fact, sown in
July, it will make an exceedingly rapid growth by frost and an
abundance of the fine, tender leaf-tips may be gathered through-
out the fall. Moreover, the last few years have proven that
this variety will self-seed in many regions and, without extra
labor or effort in the spring, a new crop of young plants will
arise where the frost killed the old ones, thus providing a per-
petual Spinach for nearly all of the country south of Massa-
chusetts.

Two types of Kale deserve space in your garden. One is
Dwarf Green, furnishing exceedingly dense, curled plumes
within sixty days after seeds are sown. The other one is Dwarf
Siberian, not so densely curly but so hardy that it will survive
outdoors in most parts of the country without protection, fur-
nishing a permanent source of fresh greens of high vitamine-
bearing qualities.

A small planting of the Squash known as Italian Vegetable
Marrow, or Cocozelle Bush (listed by some seedsmen as Summer
Asparagus or Giant Guinea Bean) is also strongly recom-
mended. While this is not a particularly hardy variety, still I
have known well-developed, fully grown fruits of it to keep until
Christmas; they were, of course, handled with exceeding care
during gathering and stored in hay or straw on a cool cellar
floor. The young squashes are very succulent, of particularly
fine flavor when cooked, and are advised by medical authorities
for children whose appearance proclaims the lack of vitamines.
We have found it to be an excellent food for the growing young-

sters and they will eat quantities of it. Cocozelle Bush Squash,
sown anytime up to July 15th, will bear clear up to frost, pro-
ducing the first squash ready for cooking within forty-five days
from the time seeds are sown.

Root Crops for Roughage

ROOT crops are now generally considered just as essential
to the welfare of our bodies during the winter months as
are Beans, Corn, and Peas during the summer months. In-
cidentally, while it is true that some of these root crops, like
Beets and Carrots, are more tender if stored in cans rather than
sand or soil, it cannot be denied that, in the process of canning,
their valuable vitamine-carrying qualities are appreciably
diminished. Hence, in suggesting varieties, I have been gov-
erned by their keeping qualities under cellar-storage condi-
tions rather than by their suitability for canning purposes.

Beets that may be sown now, that will keep well and give
a handsome product, are Early Model, Detroit Dark Red, and
Crimson Globe. Don’t forget, when sowing seeds, to walk
over the rows to insure prompt and even germination.

Among Carrots, both Chantenay and Danvers give a satis-
factory crop. Sow the seeds of these slightly deeper than
during the spring months to make sure of sufficient moisture for
quick germination. Should your soil be of a clayey nature and
inclined to bake, sow Radish seeds of a very quick-maturing
sort, like Rapid Red or Hailstone, in the same row at the same
time. The Radishes will act as a sort of nurse crop to the
Carrots and will not be injurious, since they will be ready for pull-
ing and eating before the Carrot seedlings begin to crowd.

Among Turnips, Purple Top White Globe and White Egg
have about equal merit; the vote in favor of quality going to
White Egg, which, however, is the later of the two.

The most practical Ruta-baga to grow for all purposes is
American Purple Top, although some people prefer the slightly
sweeter yellow-fleshed varieties of which Golden Globe and
Orange Jelly are among the best.

A Few Last Delicacies As Well

A PRESENT sowing of Bush Beans and of Corn will help
us enjoy these table delicacies clear up to frost, so why
confine ourselves solely to the accepted winter crops? Also why
not put in a row or two of extra-early Peas? True, August heat
is apt to cut short the vines and you may not gather as many nor
as well filled pods as earlier in the season, but it is a long
time between June of one year to June of the next so let’s take
advantage of every opportunity to procure this greatest of
table delicacies, green wrinkled Peas! If you have the space,
arrange to sow a row or two of Little Marvel and Laxtonian;
both are Dwarfs, good yielders, and require little care and cul-
tivation.

In Beans, the planting of Bountiful and Sure Crop Wax are
advocated as a matter of course. Those of you who return in
early August and have still a growing season of at least forty-
five days may sow Red Valentine, this being the only variety
1 know that will bear young pods in forty-five days. These
should, however, be picked while quite young, since, when fully
grown, Red Valentine develops a string.

Any of the early varieties of Corn may be sown up to July 1 5th
with the assurance of gathering a fine crop of green ears. Mam-
moth White Cory, though one of the oldest varieties, must be
considered one of the most reliable for all sections. Early
Malakoff, Peep o’ Day, and Golden Bantam mature in the order
named.

A last suggestion for the garden’s sake: wherever a space
becomes bare during July and August, don’t let it become over-
grown with weeds. Sow some Rye, or Vetch, or Soy Beans, or
even ordinary Rape, as a cover crop, to be turned under as green
manure which will provide the much desired humus for the soil
to the decided benefit of the crops of 1922.

THE COMPASS-PLANT (SILPHIUM LACINIATUM) OF THE PRAIRIES

Arthur G. Eldredge , Photo .

NATIVE

PRAIRIE FLOWERS FOR OUR GARDENS

ARTHUR G. ELDREDGE

University of Illinois

Onward March of Commerce and Civilization Rapidly Changing the Prairie and Destroy-
ing its Characteristic Appearance-Our Gardens as a Haven for these Native American
Flowers now Putting up their Brave Last Fight for Existence along Our Railroads

ILD prairies will soon no longer exist and with them will
pass much of the prairie flora. The close cultivation
■ $>jk ah tillable land in the wheat and corn belt leaves
lU little room for the sentiment of wild flowers. Nearly
all of these flowers thrive only where fully exposed to the sun.
Through much of this country the last stand of many of them is
along the railroad right of way; they can rarely be found else-
where. Here we often come upon the original Prairie Sword.
The railway company endeavors with fire and scythe to keep
these areas clean; but through failure to do it at regular periods
the flowers are favored. The spring varieties bloom before the
clean-up, so the fall varieties have a chance to grow again in
some places.

Along the main line of the Illinois Central we may see small
sections illustrating what the prairie must have been like; and
which conveys lessons to him who would plant in “natural”
style. There are colonies of Phlox paniculata a rod square, the
Purple Cone Flower by hundreds; along the embankment, lines
of the Spider Lily abloom for nearly two months. Sometimes
we see large groups of Camassia esculenta which, from the fast
moving train, appear to be Orchids.

To me it is a great pleasure in traveling across the prairie
country to watch these remnants of a once beautiful flora. They
are among the few remaining native inhabitants of this rolling
region. It is pleasant to conjure pictures of this land glowing
with prairie Phlox, Shooting-star, Butterfly-weed, Sunflowers,

Asters, and masses of Prairie Rose (R. setigera) twenty to
thirty feet across!

The prairie region extends from Ohio to Dakota, and from
Kansas and Missouri to Kentucky and Arkansas. It offers two
conditions for the growth of flowers: (i) open prairie with full
exposure to the sun and becoming rather dry in the summer;
(2) the wooded ravines and river valleys with heavy shade and
more moisture. Scattered over the prairie region are patches of
woods affording conditions of growth similar to those found in
the woods adjacent to rivers. These shaded places furnish an
abundance of spring flowers but very few in summer.

A journey by horse across the Illinois prairie is recorded in
1845 by Dr. C. W. Short of Louisville, Ky., who was very much
disappointed after the lurid accounts which had been published.
He found a great amount of coarse rank grass, nearly as high as
a man on horse-back, and large colonies of one flower rather
than a profusion of species.

The limiting range of a flower is often very wide, the outer
limits frequently representing isolated specimens in an un-
favorable region; and many flowers that are abundant on the
prairie are sprinkled all the way to the Atlantic — which sug-
gests the probability that some of these, at least, may be adapted
to planting in our gardens as, indeed, a few already have been.

Nearly all of the woodland flowers bloom before the trees are
in full foliage. The most conspicuous are Spring Beauty;
Dutchman’s Breeches; Squirrel Corn; Bluebells; May Apple;

3 >4

Tie Garden Magazine, July, 1921

315

BLUEBELLS

Across low meadows and
along streams these
Bluebells (Mertensia
virginica) fairly riot
from late March to
May; they sometimes
range as far north as
Ontario and east to
New Jersey

SHOOTING-STAR

Curiously interesting in
its habit of growth this
prairie plant (Dodeca-
theon Meadia) is cer-
tainly worth a place in
our gardens. Its flowers,
poised as though just
ready to shoot off into
space, may be purple,
pink, or white; the pur-
ple variety is here shown

Trillium nivale, grandiflorum, and erec-
tum; and Phlox divaricata. By the end
of June the woods have lost their flower
charm and the ground is protected by
a mass of low shrub throwing a dense
shade. In the river valleys on the flood
plain where the soil is very rich, coarse
herbaceous plants grow to amazing size,
obscuring everything until the appear-
ance of late summer and fall flowers,
chiefly Composites.

In July flourish a class of flowers quite
different from those of the earlier
months. There are many strong, deep-
rooted coarse plants, some eight feet in
height. Three of these in particular are synonymous with the
prairie, although found elsewhere. They are the Compass-plant
(Silphium laciniatum) the Rosinweed (Silphium terebin-
thinaceum), the Cup-plant (Silphium perfoliatum). The burn-
ing and cutting to which they are subjected seems only to
make their roots much stronger and deeper. (Does this hold
a hint for gardeners?) •

The Compass-plant is very distinctive, its flowers attractive,
and its foliage decorative. The Rosin-weed is interesting
enough but probably has few friends; its leaves are large, thick
and leathery; it has no stem; the button-like, inconspicuous
flowers are held up three or four feet on smooth stem. If any
part of the plant is broken a thick resinous juice flows freely.
The Cup-plant prefers wet soil and is excellent for water edges.
It grows to nine feet. The stem is strong and square; the
clasping leaves form deep cups which usually contain water; a
curious habit of growth which, obviously, has given the plant its
name; it flowers in a graceful, loose corymb about three inches
in diameter and in color yellow.

Long after the smaller plants are dried by the drought these
three “huskies” survive and thrive. To the farmer they are
weeds that must be exterminated; growing along the roadside
they become unrecognizable through the heavy coating of dust;
everywhere they are stalked by a harassing fate. When they
are gone, the last symbol of the prairie will, it seems to me, be
gone; leaving a land, fertile to be sure, but completely tamed and
harnessed.

There are two trees that must be mentioned in connection
with the flowers — the Hawthorns and Crab-apples, which are
inseparable from any conception of the prairie flora. Individ-
uals or small groups are frequently found isolated in open places,
but 1 do not feel that such a place is their most characteristic
habitat. They are plentiful bordering forest glades or islands
of trees of irregular outline where prairie joins forest. Here they
make solid walls of interlaced thorny branches which are a glory
of flowers before the leaves appear. During the summer months
they are quite lost to sight except where an individual is fully-
exposed. Some species are very striking because of their
horizontal branching. In fall their bright-colored fruit again
makes these plants conspicuous. By
November, after their leaves are gone,
the wood of the Crab-apples colors very
strongly and little groups of them appear
hazy or smoky, so purple and blue is the
bark.

How is the prairie flora, so lovely, so
worthy of continuance, so genuinely a
part of the original America, to be pre-
served? Who will do it if we gardeners
do not? Already many of the plants are
quite rare! Grown in the usual conven-
tional garden some become very rank
and much changed in appearance; they

BEAR'S GRASS OR
QUAMASH

Though a native of rich
meadows, the Camassia
is most amenable to
cultivation and, given
plenty of moisture in
early spring, will thrive
in any loSm. This is
variety esculenta with a
light blue flower

massia esculenta (Bear’
Grass or Ouamash).

A Few Exclusive Prairii
Plants: Habenaria leuco
phaea (White Prairie Or
chis); Delphinium tricornt
(Three-spurred Dwarf Lark
spur); U1 maria rubn
( Meadow-sweet Queen of th<
Prairie); Psoralea Onobry
chis (variety of Scurfy Pea)
Steironema quadriflorurr
(variety of Loosestrife)
Phlox bifida; Gerardia as-
pera (variety of False Fox-
glove); Agoseris cuspidate
(member of the Chicorj
Family) ; Solidago ohioensis
(Ohioan Golden-rod); Cir-
sium Hillii (variety ol
Thistle).

PRAIRIE ROSE

There is so much competition in the Rose family that this simple “country cousin” will probably
not be widely accepted by formal gardeners. Rosa setigera has, however, served the hybridizers well

need the hot sunshine of the open places, and the competition
of root-filled soil. In many cases they need the support of
grass and other plants for their flowers. Any one who has seen
Phlox paniculata, for example, growing at random in the
grass, realizes at once
how much of its natural
grace is lost by more formal
planting.

That domestication fre-
quently diminishes the
charm of prairie flowers
does not mean we should
close our gardens to them,
but rather suggests it would
richly repay us to give
them a space — little or big
as our acres and inclinations
warrant — where they may
grow at will in conditions as
nearly as possible like those
of their native plains. Why
not do for the prairie flower
what we- have done for
alpine and water plant?

Why not a “ prairie gar-
den” as well as a rock
garden or a water garden?

Characteristic Prairie
Plants Partly Southern:

Aster sericeus (Silky Star-
wort); Silphium integri-
folium; Silphium laciniatum
(Compass-plant); Silphium
terebinthinaceum (Prairie
Dock); Rudbeckia subto-
mentosa, Brauneria pallida,
(varieties of Coneflower);
Helianthus mollis (variety
of Sunflower.)

Of course it is necessary;
for the railroad to keep the right of way clear to prevent danger of
fires spreading to the grainfields, but might not some sections par-
ticularly rich in flowers be left? May we ever expect a railroad ad-
vertisement describing the prairie flowers seen along their route?

Disappearing Prairie
Flowers: Castilleja coc-
cinea (Scarlet Painted Cup) ;
Dodecatheon Meadia
(Shooting-star) ; Phlox pani-
culata; Phlox bifida; Cypri-
pedium (Lady’s Slipper or
Moccasin Flower); Ca-

PRAIRIE CRAB-APPLE

In spring the prairies touching the forests are fringed with the pink bloom of the Western Crab (Pyrus ioensis)

317

'he

Garden Magazine, July,

1921

Arthur G. Eldredge, photo.

WOODLAND PHLOX OR WILD SWEET WILLIAM

Loving moisture and shade, this Phlox may be found from April to June industriously weaving a pretty pattern of violet-blue bloom through
the woodlands of the Middle West; sometimes wandering as far south as Florida and northward to Ontario. Long a garden familiar, Phlox
divaricata needs no introduction; under garden conditions an improved variety, Perry's Laphamii, has in fact already been developed

A Modern Design for the Iris Garden

SUN-DIALS FOR
THE SUNLIT GARDEI

Photographs by Mary H. Northend

For the Formal Garden

Other Days, Other Uses! The Millstone Serves Again

Simplicity Is Seldom Out of Place

3.8

Some M ottoes

‘ Come grow old along with me,
The best is yet to be.”

‘ Sunny be the day,
Sunny thy spirit.”

‘ Opportunity has locks in front, and is
bald behind.”

* Noiseless falls the foot of time
Which only treads on flowers.”

‘Time goes, friendship stays.”

‘ He that would thrive must rise at five,
He that hath thriven may stay till
seven,

He that will never thrive, may lie till
eleven.”

The Colonial is at Home in Most American Gardens

Editor’s Note : These few typical mottoes selected from a rich
collection are offered as suggestions for interested readers. IV e
will gladly furnish others to any subscriber who will indicate the
particular tenor of his desires

Doric Dignity in Modern Application

THE GARDENS OF FRANCE

ASA STEELE

Deeply Rooted in Ancient Tradition Quite Unlike Our Own Yet
Offering Distinct Suggestion for the American Gardener of To-day

OVERS of flowers from time out of mind, the French
are known as a nation of garden builders — a reputation
amply substantiated not only bv the statelv terraces
and avenues of palace and chateau; by the sweep of
lawns and groves in public parks; but more especially, it seemed to
me, as 1 traveled about, by their countless small gardens which
hold messages of concise interest for the American gardener. No
strip of soil appears too small or too unpromising to be worthy
of loving toil and its rewarding chaplet of blossoms. However
poor and lonely the farmhouse, ancient Roses weave lace-like
patterns on its white walls or over its gateway; while Begonia,
Jasmine, and Lilac add loveliness to the narrow curb between
the home and the highway.

The spirit of this beauty and the message of these small
French gardens to Americans cannot be fully comprehended
unless a glimpse be had into the souls of the people who made
them. Theirs is a genius compacted of artistry and thrift.
“ We would all be poets,” they seem to say, “ but let us not forget
the bread for the table and coals in the grate.” A thousand
years of grim necessity and the hardships of war have distilled
in them the essence of a curious logic and a no less curious senti-
ment. The French love flowers? They glory in them — with
practical limitations!

Memories of the gorgeous masses of bloom on the pavements
of the Madeleine in Paris are less enduring than those of carts
piled high with blossoms on village market days — Hyacinths,
Primroses, Hawthorn, Lilacs, Camellias and Roses, which might
be recognized later beneath some lighted taper in a shrine, or
upon the wooden jacket of one who had “gone west” and was
borne down a muddy street with processional cross, chanting
priests and group of tense-lipped, sorrowing friends. And while
the statues of “La Pucelle” might be heaped with blossoms on
her feast day in May, a nice sense of economy prescribed that
mortuary wreaths be made of glass beads and that high altars
blaze on Easter morning with Palms and Lilies fashioned of
gilded tin.

ONE who loves gardening and in it has progressed from crude
experiment to satisfying knowledge, could not fail to note
in France, even during the stress of war, much in the practise of
this gentle craft to interest his fellow Americans. For in that
land, horticulture has passed through the rude transitions
which we encounter to an achieved maturity. Aerial bomb
and poison gas were as powerless to efface Old World tradition
as to destroy the eager life in bulb and branch. Like Custom,
the Iris flaunted her victorious banners in violated gardens and
ancient vines dripped rosy grapes from the walls of shattered
homesteads, as serenely indifferent to Man’s outlawry as the
Roses blooming in the Tuileries Gardens or the Lilacs embower-
ing the tower of Jeanne d’Arc at Chinon. Limitation also
perhaps gave added value to this particular American’s notes
on French horticulture; for he observed as one who had built
and cultivated his garden with his own hands. His first thought
was for other devotees of “Adam’s profession” in his home
land who possessed small and intimate plantations, developed
by their imagination and personal enterprise.

Questions of plan and vista, however, can not be ignored.
In them is seen the chrysalis from which burst the golden but-
terfly of garden lore, more aptly called, mayhap, the germ of
romance in gardening; a romance which has required two
thousand years in the telling. When an American rears a
terrace, plants a rose garden at its base, and in the midst places

a pool, fed by water trickling from a rockery, he little thinks
that he has copied a practice in Roman horticulture as old as |
the Christian era.

The ancient gardens of Italy and their daughters of the :
Renaissance may have been planned for a society and a climate 1
different from ours; but the ideas which they embodied were
carried to France and England, and have filtered into America
in forms that are too often blind copies, lacking the inspiration
of the originals. Whether the chapters of the great romance
were evolved under Italian skies or in some French or English
forest, the aspiration was the same and the differences in ex-
pression merely .evolutions of national needs and tastes. So
the bare outlines of the romance seem not amiss here as a sort
of preamble necessary to any genuine understanding of the
meaning of French gardens and their message to America.

With the apparent paradox of a Frenchman’s thrift and his
lavish artistry in mind, there may be fewer objections to the
opinion that Mars, not Flora should be the patron deity of the
old French gardens. Perils from enemies, whether bands of
predatory outlaws or armies at war, imposed upon the people
of Old France the necessity of making their dwellings veritable
fortresses. Farmhouses immured in high walls seem to have
huddled in a panic around some village church, as terror-stricken
children flee to their mother’s skirts at sight of a rabid dog.
They give point to the traditional order of Charlemagne to his
hordes: “Where you see a church spire— loot!” Scores of
other dwellings are no more than caves in the neighborhood of
Poitiers and in Loire Inferieur. French fortresses cause the
word “chateau” to be synonymous with “castle.”

As an appendage to the innermost courtyard of the old
chateau, where the noble master and his family found seclusion,
was a simple, contracted garden. Sometimes it was little more
than a terrace on a cliff or between the battlements, where a
chatelaine might linger among her Rose-trees, frolic with her
children or watch for the approach of her lord and his retinue
along the neighboring highway. It was such a condition that
defined the narrow limits and plans of the old gardens. From
such necessities were to arise traditions which rule French
horticulture to this day.

When a warrior’s strong box was as full of treasure as were
his years with mighty deeds and the King’s mouth with his
praises, he built a great, fortified chateau. Nor did he forget
to provide outlying acres, surrounded by defensible walls, for
the castle gardens. The lords of the older citadels, not to be
outdone, extended their battlements to include adjacent lands
for similar uses. Whence was to come the inspiration for mak-
ing these gardens worthy of the great dwellings? France turned
to Italy, her imperial foster-mother.

The Italian gardens had been copied from and sometimes
were built on the ruins of ancient Roman estates. Most of
them rose on three terraces, upon sloping ground. On the
lowest level was a formal flower garden. The dwelling oc-
cupied the middle terrace. Above it, on a third elevation, were
groves of trees which served as a background and a secluded
refuge from summer heat.

The designers of the fortified French chateaux brought from
Italy little more, at first, than the plans of the formal flower
gardens. Unless the old prints deceive, Jeanne of Domremy,
riding into Chinon to offer herself to her sovereign and to
France, found in the castle yard before the royal lodge no such
dense thickets of Lilac and Locust as embower it to-day, but
one of these formal yea-and-nay gardens, the squares and rec-

320

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

321

tangles punctuated with lean Lilies and Roses perched on walk-
ing sticks.

Curious as it may seem, the most valuable lesson learned
by the American gardener abroad was developed from this
fashion. He brought home with him a conviction that some
such design should be generally adopted in this country.

One hears at once protests from many Americans against
formal plantings. To silence them, one need merely show how
and why the idea persists in the small French gardens of to-day.
For the new-fangled notions brought from Italy by Monsieur
le Prince soon found their way to the farm of plodding Henri
and humble Jacques. If the great lord must use every square
foot of soil in the gardens of the chateau, how much more need-
ful to plant every inch in the little walled enclosures behind the
homesteads? So Henri and Jacques adopted the best of the
ideas which he found at the great house. The tradition was
so born, and thus survives.

From memories of small and humble French gardens with-
out number emerges a typical plantation, radiating a spirit of
thrift and fragrant with many flowers; in character almost
the garden of an ancient Roman farm as pictured by Cato,
“with garland flowers
and vegetables of all
kinds, set about with
myrtle hedges, bothwhite
and black, as well as Del-
phic and Cyprian laurel.”

Narrow footpaths of
beaten earth divide the
French enclosure into
rectangles. Along the
oathsare dwarf fruit trees
—Apples, Pears, Cherries
and Plums — interspersed
vith Grape vines fastened
to stakes. Lilacs, Camel-
fas and old Roses, their
;rowns of foliage set on
thick, straight stems.

The dwarf trees and the
shrubs are trimmed high,
sometimes umbrella-
:ashion; beneath them
are the more tender seed-
mgs and borders of flow-
ers. In the open spaces
vithin the borders grow
the vegetables. Nowhere
s turf visible.

That the vegetables
march in battalions of
dose formation may be
taken for granted. The
shrubberies and flowers
along the edges are meas-
ured by the laborer’s
fancy and industry. Poor
and busy indeed must be
the gardener who restricts
bimself to fruit trees and
a stray Iris or Lilac. In
the gardens of the well-
to-do, the borders are
processions of Violets, Lily-of-the-Valley Dianthus, Rock Cress
(Arabis) and similar perennials of low or creeping habit.

Should such a garden become a model for plantings in Amer-
ica? Economy of space, larger returns for effort, the beauty
uf flowers dividing interest with the utility of vegetables, and an
sasier conquest of weeds when all of the soil is under intensive
cultivation are points to recommend it; especially in a small
place, with advancing real estate values or difficult problems of

hired labor. As has been hinted, contraction is a vital reality
with the Frenchman, in which the necessity of making his home
a fortress, smaller acreage, and a denser population are deter-
mining factors. In this country where such conditions have
not existed the American has fallen into the habit of extravagant
expansion. The French gardener cultivates intensively spaces
corresponding with those which we use for lawns. He would
suggest that if every foot of our turf were planted with flowers
and vegetables, the former would satisfy our cravings for
beauty and the latter give tangible returns for otherwise barren
labor. By planting dense shrubberies in the remaining unpro-
ductive spaces, as the French do, ample opportunity would be
afforded for variety and seclusion. The foreign gardener would
probably add that we need groves and shady nooks in our home
grounds more than do the French or English, because the heat
of our summers is greater than that of the corresponding months
abroad. In passing be it noted that the description just given of
a small French planting would apply with equal accuracy to
many English kitchen gardens.

Another custom of the French, also based on necessity and
tradition, recommends itself to the American gardener, al-
though possibly less con-
vincingly so than the in-
tensive garden. This is
the use of a forecourt as
an approach to the home,
replacing our “front
yard,” and the retirement
of living rooms and gar-
dens to the rear of the
dwellings.

Doubtless the French
practice may be traced to
the several enclosures of
the old chateaux and to
the courtyards of farm-
houses, when both classes
of dwelling were fort-
resses as well as homes.
It has survived in the
tradition that dwellings
of every class should face
or surround interiorareas,
whether they be ancient
mansions hidden behind
gateways and offices in
the Faubourg Saint-
Germain, the British Em-
bassy in the Rue Saint-
Honore and the tene-
ments near the Porte
Saint-Martin in Paris, or
their offspring in old New
Orleans. English practice
also recognizes the ad-
vantage of an approach
to a dwelling which is
merely such; separation
and seclusion being
gained in enclosed gar-
dens, long walks, tennis
courts or terraces on
otherpartsof the grounds.

It is hardly to be expected that Americans would adopt the
usual entrance to a French residence — a grilled gateway in a
high stone wall. But many of our homes might be improved
by the presence of a forecourt beyond; a circle of gravel sur-
rounded by walls of shrubbery between the highway and the
home.

.The infinite variety of plan with which in France shrub, vine,
and flower are compressed into small spaces defies all rules.

"WHEN THE ROSES BLOOM”

What could be more charmingly removed from workaday care than this
little courtyard filled with the fragrance of Roses and the bloom of
Geraniums and Hydrangeas? Inn of William the Conqueror at Dives

322

r

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921 jfi

Contour, walls and angles create as many variations as there
are owners of homes. Only in a most general way may prin-
ciples and details be interpreted for Americans. Amongst the
notable French shrubberies are the European Laurel and glori-
ous Camellias, which do not withstand the rigors of our Northern
winters. But almost as numerous are the Rhododendrons,
Cedars and smaller Conifers; the Holly, plain and variegated;
the Privets and Lilacs, all of which may be similarly utilized in
our Northern states.

TO THE Lrance of the Lifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries
came wealth and internal security. It was no longer
needful to make one’s home a fortress. Weary of looking down
upon interior courtyards, the great lords pierced their towers
and the curtain walls of their battlements for windows, adorned
them with architectural sculpture and extended their view to
formal gardens beyond; even when, as was not infrequently
the case, they retained their ancient moats and drawbridges.
Others preserved the old citadels, with their contracted terrace
gardens, but extended the dwellings by building new structures
around them better suited to days of peace and looking down
upon the adjacent valleys.

It was logical and perhaps inevitable that in the years to
come the dwellers in Lrench chateaux should develop the
surrounding acres as pretentious parks. With the extra-
vagance of the day, the great Lrench gardeners, from whom
Lenotre emerged as the prevailing genius, turned (as did Inigo

Broun Bios.. Photo.

THE CASTLE GARDEN AT LOCHES

The gardens of the old chateaux were sometimes little
more than a terrace on a cliff or between the battlements,
where a chatelaine might linger among her Rose-trees

Jones and Sir Christopher Wren in England) to the Italian
gardens for principles of elevation, vista, water ornament, and
architectural detail.

These were the days when Versailles was transformed from
a hunting lodge into a glorious world palace. The parks of
chateau and manor house became complex arrangements of en-
closed garden, orangery, bowling green, belvedere, fountain,
cascade, pool, and grotto. Avenues were cut through the
forests, in straight lines or traverse vistas. Other avenues of
turf, and canals — with rows of trees cunningly trimmed and
arranged in a false perspective, or defined by woodlands —
reached to the horizon. Images of heathen gods disported on
lawn and balustrade or in forest glen; monumental terraces
supported wide stretches of lawn; classic architectural ornament
illuminated secluded alleys, amongst trimly clipped hedges.

Very little of this need concern the American with a modest
garden. To landscape architects may be surrendered the
entangling details, for with them in any case would rest similar
designs in this country. The fashion has survived only to a

limited degree in the smaller gardens of France. That it should
be widely imitated at first was inevitable. The mode of le
Grand Monarque was a thing to be emulated by Monsieur le
Marquis, by LeBlanc, the Lyonnais weaver of silks; Rebaud, the ^
rich vintner of Champagne; and Beranger, the master of many 1
ships at Bordeaux. But from the clutter of details have emerged
only a few admirable details of present-day interest for Ameri-
cans.

The forests of France, England, and America, have this in
common, that they are firmly established in the affection of their
peoples, who will never willingly abandon them. The America
that our grandfathers knew and the France and England of the
Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries were all lands of extensive
forests, where the hunting of fox, deer, and boar supplied popular
sport. Old World forests may have been contracted and human-
ized and their wild creatures relegated largely to the pages of
romance, but the park and game preserve have survived as
essentials in changing garden fashions. Herein is found a point
of divergence from the rules for formal gardens in Italy, a
primal secret of French chateaux and English manors and one
of their most precious lessons for American gardeners. With
the Frenchman’s keener sense of proportion and grandeur, the
principles of forest vista and ornament have reached in his
country a stage of development more finished and lucid than
with the other nations.

As a ruling factor appears the theory of the formal axial vista.
It presupposes the existence of woodlands through which may
be cut straight avenues with carpets of turf radiating from a
dwelling or from centres arbitrarily fixed. One wonders if
Lenotre and his disciples did not gain inspiration for these
majestic avenues while journeying along the Roman roads of
France, which extend for miles over knoll and dale without per-
ceptible deviations from straight lines. Certainly in their
application of the idea they reflected genius of a high order. Its
supreme expressions at Versailles and in the unbroken view
from the Louvre across the Tuileries Gardens, the Place de la
Concorde and up the Champs-Elysees are dreams of regal
stateliness realized with consummate art.

THE ROYAL LODGE AT CHI NON

Jeanne of Domremy, riding into Chinon to offer herself to her sov-
ereign and to France, found in the castle yard not the thicket of
Lilac and Locust there to-day but a formal, yea-and-nay garden

Here again, the fashion of princes, simplified and adapted
to the modest chateau, conveys a significant word to Americans.
The larger chateaux are linked to the neighboring highways
with vistas of turf, wide and straight and bordered with trees
and terminating at the road in a grill or terrace, more or less
monumental. Amongst scores of examples, varying from a
mere circle of lawn to an impressive avenue of approach, com-
prising a straight driveway edged with strips of lawn, clipped

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

323

GARDEN OF M. CLAIR AT TAVERNY

With what subtle distinctness a garden reflects its maker! We feel at once that this
bit of landscaping is neither English nor American but gracefully Gallic in spirit

GARDEN OF M. GEORGE’S TRUFFAUT AT VERSAILLES

Though the materials are those that might be used almost anywhere in the temperate zone, yet
here again one immediately senses an elusive difference, the pervasive lightness of spirit that
characterized France in pre-war days and which lingers still in such naturalistic gardens unsullied

324

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

GARDEN-HOUSE AT
DEAUVILLE

Drinking afternoon choc-
olate in this rose-draped
shelter would be rather
like living in a fairy story;
indeed, it almost seems
as if flower-kirtled, be-
powdered, beautiful dames
might at any moment step
out of its cool recesses.
(Garden of Madame la
Baronne d’Erlanger)

hedges and flanking borders of trees, an ample latitude of ap-
plication was revealed which would facilitate the adoption of
the plan by gardeners here.

Loving their forests and educated as they have been to exten-
sive lawns, it was not strange that the gardeners of France and
England should evolve the informal park, with clumps of trees
and shrubs sprinkled picturesquely over the turf. In this,
the gardeners of England and America have progressed farther
than their French associates may care to go. Possibly the
remark attributed to a French gardener is more than an expres-
sion of individual opinion:

“Nothing is easier to lay out than an English garden. One
has only to make the gardener drunk, then follow his meander-
ings.”

FROM the informal gardening practised by the modern
Frenchman much is to be learned. Diversity of surface
and water ornament seem to be essentials. Broken contours
are easily achieved, the mound being a common device. To
heap soil two or three feet high in a corner or along an unsightly
wall or building is a task as simple in America as it is in France.
Again and again such mounds have been constructed to give a
pleasantly rolling surface to the otherwise level Champs-Elysees.

The summits of the mounds are usually planted with shrubs,
serving as a background for flowers. The neighboring lawns
extend upward along their sloping sides. The elaboration of
this idea in the garden of an American in Brittany offers a hint
of the possibilities of such embankments. A mound was raised
between two trees, the twisted branches of which meet overhead.
The top of the elevation was shaped into a level circle and
covered with gravel. Low hedges of Privet surround it, with
entrances from the lawn and the flower garden on either side.
The circle is used as a lounging place and for serving afternoon
tea.

Nor does water-ornament offer serious difficulties. Its use
is among the oldest of garden traditions. It was an invariable
accessory of the old Italian gardens, where a small volume of
the fluid passing over the terraces and through fountains and
basins on the different levels produced an amazing variety of

decoration. The more extravagant water-works of the great
French and English parks were imitations of the fashion.
Again the inspiration may be found in the phrases of Florace,
describing his ideal of a garden.

“This is in my prayers,” wrote the poet, “a piece of ground
not too large, with a garden, and near to the house a stream
of constant water and, beside these, some little quantity of
woodland.”

The use of water-ornament by the French in smaller gardens
may be readily adopted by Americans, such arrangements with
them being often extremely simple and easy of achievement.
One charming example, I well remember, was in a very small
and very secluded garden framed by a gateway in an ancient
wall. Close to the dwelling lay a gravelled oval where the
family coach might draw up to the entrance, or women and
children lounge and play. Walls of shrubbery pressed close
about the open oval and merged with a dark grove. In the
deepest shadows of the copse lay a pool of water, so shallow and
crowded with water grasses that it seemed to be little more than
a silver saucer to catch a fugitive sunbeam. Yet it fulfilled the
dream of the French gardener; in it peace and refreshment lay-
reflected.

IN THE French gardens, the American is confronted by
apparent contradictions between massed plantings and re-
strained isolation. The underlying artistic motives are not
hard to grasp; the details are, however, best left to the imagina-
tion and ingenuity of the individual gardener. Isolation, as
the French gardener understands it, may be translated into a
rule for planting specimen plants. Such must be very un-
usual in form, foliage, and beauty to win a place apart from the
surrounding shrubberies. And paradoxically enough, while the
specimen plant must be unique, the beauty of common things
also may be enhanced by the isolation of single plants, like a
Tulip or an Iris, in wild or unexpected surroundings.

A word of protest is not amiss regarding the thoughtless
use of lawns in this country. Many an American seems to feel
that his duty is done when his land is planted in grass, orna-
mented with a border of shrubs, a sun-dial, flagstaff or a circle

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

325

of scarlet Geraniums — dare one add a cast-
iron lion or deer? Such gardens differ from
those of England and France by lacking both
imagination and restraint.

Doubtless the impulse was strong in our
fathers to reproduce here the lovely meadows
and private parks which surrounded their
English homes. But this tradition has too
often declined into the soulless monotony of
lawns that were conceived as a makeshift or
in laziness, and are maintained by unprofit-
able labor. In France and England, gener-
ous moisture and cooler summers encourage
the growth of lush grasses, and invite to life
in the sunshine. Here, the torrid days of
July and August discourage turf and make
the cool, dense shrubberies of the French
garden more to be desired.

Except in large parks, a lawn rarely figures
in the Italian designs, closely clipped grass
being merely an accessory of formal plant-
ings. With much the same idea, a French
gardener would say: “A large lawn belongs
to the grand manner of palace or chateau;
in a small homestead turf should be used
only to add contrasting decoration to culti-
vated spaces, like the frame of a picture.”
Parks both public and private, would be in-
cluded in this definition of the “grand man-

GARDEN OF M. MONET AT GIVERNY

The Rose-tree seems to love French soil; the flour-
ishing specimens here shown are variety mutabilis

ner.” The small areas surrounding many American homes
cannot aspire to this class.

There is, finally, a practice in the gardens of Italy, France, and
England which, although recognized in this country, should
be developed to an unlimited degree. 1 1 is the gracious custom of
regarding one’s garden as an extension of the dwelling, a suite of
outdoor rooms in which to lounge, dine, play, or entertain
one’s friends. This is a precious heritage from the Italians.

THE DELPHINIUM IN FRANCE

How the familiar may gain in beauty by isolated plant-
ing is a trick of the French gardener well worthy of
imitation. (Garden of M. Georges Truffaut at Versailles)

Pontiff seeks cool seclusion in a pleached alley of the Vatican
Gardens; Cardinal holds stately levee at Tivoli, that Rome
may see some wondrous Greek torso upturned in the ruins of
Hadrian’s villa; Petrarch smilingly submits to princely quiz on
the principles of poetry; Boccaccio whispers honeyed secrets to
his Fiammetta amongst the shrubberies and would have us
believe that in surroundings such as these were told the hundred
tales of the Decameron. What more appropriate than that Fe
Grand Fouis should hold court in the “Tapis Vert” of his new
Chateau of Versailles, or welcome de Montespan’s enchantments
in the Orangerie, or suggest parallels between himself and Apollo
in forest grotto, or consent to hear the latest masque of Moliere
in sylvan theatre? And to the glory of tradition and of humble
things be it said that France offered no memories more heart-
warming than those of mothers and children of the poor, gossip-
ing or playing on Sunday afternoons in the gravelled courts of
their rural homes or the cool alleys of the ci-devant royal gar-
dens of the Tuileries and the Fuxembourg.

The message of the French gardens to Americans is neither
ambiguous nor complex. Our beginnings in this art disclose a
careless extravagance of space linked with casual, haphazard
plantings; a tendency to relegate the ground around the home
to turf and ornaments that are merely the whim of a moment,
or to the machine-made designs of the nearest nurseryman.
After lingering in Old World gardens one would awaken his
compatriots, especially those of lesser means and restricted
areas, to a more intimate and imaginative conception of these
domains. The home-maker should carry into the. garden the
same taste and mature judgment that he puts into the furnishing
of a living room, a dining room or a chamber. Whether fore-
court, terrace, or only a small, intensively cultivated enclosure
for fruits, flowers and vegetables, the home grounds thus sym-
pathetically treated become symbolic of personality and en-
during affection. They enlarge the home during most of the
year to include a series of healthful, outlying bowers where
Nature, walking in beauty, offers peace and refreshment.

THE OLD GARDENS OF PENNSYLVANIA

IX. —ARBORETUM AT ALDIE NEAR
DOYLESTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA

JOHN W. HARSHBERGER

Professor of Botany, University of Pennsylvania

jUCKS County, Pennsylvania, north of Philadelphia,
is one of the rich agricultural counties of the state,
noted for its gardens and other horticultural estab-
lishments. It boasts a number of places of great scenic
beauty; for example: Haycock Mountain; the shores of the
Tohickon Creek; and the Delaware Palisades, or Nockamixon
Rocks, as perhaps they are better known; also the celebrated
Ringing Rocks frequently visited by the geologist and nature
lover.

Among the estates in the beautiful country adjacent to the
city, none is finer than Aldie, the home of Mr. W. R. Mercer,
one mile north of Doylestown, the county seat. Here are
thirty acres of rich land devoted almost exclusively to the
arboretum and flower gardens planned by the present owner’s
father, William Robert Mercer, who was born in 1827 and died
in 1917 at the ripe age of nearly ninety-one. Although part
of the area was in a garden, when Mr. Mercer senior began to
plant it, yet the present plantation may be said to date from
1870, when the large house was built. The arboretum and
formal gardens were also started in 1870, so that Aldie is the
youngest collection of trees described in this series of articles;
although, when we stop to think, full fifty years have elapsed
since the first planting was begun. Some of the trees, there-

The figures in the
map indicate the
locations of the
gardens and their
sequence in the
series

fore, have reached a considerable size, and begin to show the
characteristics of maturity. Aldie was named for the ancestral
home of the Mercer family in Scotland; there is also another
Aldie in Virginia established by the Mercers.

The main road from the entrance nearest Doylestown leads
in a curving direction to the old house built in 1870 with its
terraced porches and planted grounds immediately in front. A
clear brook winds its way through the southern part of the
arboretum and is crossed by two roads built over arched, stone
culverts. The trees are grouped on both sides of the main
driveway and the planting has been done judiciously, so that
there are open stretches of lawn with the tree groups arranged
to form extensive vistas after the English style of landscape art;

AN AID TO THE GENTLE ART OF LOITERING

A cloister in the Italian manner at Aldie which evidences the skill
and artistic appreciation of its owner as a manufacturer of cement

326

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

327

the moisture-loving species being placed along the
banks of the stream. A list of about eighty trees
for which Aldie is noted was made in a three hour
tour of the arboretum not long ago. Along the
high cement wall, which guards the arboretum
from the public road, are a number of fine, tall
specimens of Sweet Gum (Liquidambar styraciflua),
most desirable for park plantings; and a single
deciduous Cypress (Taxodium distichum) raises a
spire-shaped top above its round-headed, broad-
leaved fellows. The cypress is found in other parts
of the grounds as well, and at one place near the
stream a large specimen has developed the charac-
teristic knees, or pneumatophores.

Several large English Oaks (Ouercus Robur) are
scattered about Aldie, but the fastigiate forms
(Quercus Robur fastigiata) seem to have been fa-
vorites, for they are growing in a number of places.
The English Ash (Fraxinus excelsior), the European
Beech (Fagus sylvaticus) and its purple variety
have reached a large size of trunk in the fifty years
since they were saplings. The English Elm (Ulmus
campestris), with its dark green foliage and massive
canopy, contrasts strongly with the spreading habit
and more open appearance of an American Elm
close by. Several Yellow-wood trees (Cladrastis
lutea), here as in the other eastern Pennsylvania
arboreta, have made a thrifty growth and may be
classed as one of the most desirable of our trees for
lawn use. The founder of the tree garden did not
forget the Magnolias for nearly all the well known
hardy kinds have been included, such as Magnolia
acuminata, M. virginiana (glauca), M. conspicua,
M. umbrella. The coniferous trees have done re-
markably well near Doylestown and in this garden
they need thinning out where planted in groves.
The Black Spruce (Picea nigra), Red Spruce,
(P. rubra), the Norway Spruce (Picea excelsa), the

CEDAR WALK AT ALDIE

GARDEN ENTRANCE

Impressive and with a sort of
Old World dignity this en-
trance stimulates the visitor to
expectancy as to what may be
found within

Obligingly docile, the Cedar
lends itself to all sorts of uses
dictated by man’s whim. The
lovely, symmetrical living
arches give this walk unusual
character

Oriental Spruce (P. orientalis), the White Fir (Abies concolor),
the White Pine (Pinus strobus), the Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
have done remarkably well. The Maples, not planted in
systematic sequence, are sprinkled about wherever needed in
the landscape design. The following Maples are represented
at Aldie: Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum), Silver Maple (A.
saccharinum), Norway Maple (A. platanoides), Sycamore
Maple (A. pseudoplatanus) and several of the different kinds of
Japanese Maples, as well as the Box Elder (Negundo aceroides).
A large Ginkgo tree is planted where its peculiar branching habit
and attractive foliage can be seen to the best advantage. Along
the stream are found the Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana),
Shiny Willow (Salix lucida), and Fringe tree (Chionanthus
virginica), which is one of the showy plants in the Mercer arbore-
tum when in flower.

The collection of shrubs is not as large as one might expect in
a place the size of the Doylestown arboretum. Azaleas, Rho-
dodendrons, Viburnums, Roses, Spiraeas, and Lilacs play their
usual role of beauty, but one misses the rarer and newer varieties.

The present owner seems to take particular pride in his
formal garden, where his unusual taste, as the manufacturer of
cement garden accessories and furniture, is displayed with true
artistic appreciation of their value in enhancing the beauty of
the planted grounds.

The house, which is of the English cottage style, is embowered

328

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

in trees and garden plants;
and is more home-like than
the larger dwelling of the
older Mr. Mercer. The grape-
vine covered porch with tiled
floor and circular cement
fountain is a delightful spot
for outdoor living, and af-
fords an excellent view of the
pond where Water Lilies and
other aquatic plants flourish.
Another attractive view of
the pond can be obtained
from an open summer house
at one corner of the garden.
This pool is kept freshly sup-
plied with water by the foun-
tain jetting up from a big
rock on which a sculptured
mermaid reclines and which
interestingly breaks the level
of the open pond. A garden
gate furnishes entrance to a

OLD ITALIAN GRAIN JAR

In contour simple, it furnishes

an arresting focal point at the
heart of grouped greenery

THE WATER GARDEN AT ALDIE

Lilies and other aquatic plants take up life happily

here where congenial, natural conditions are offered

rustic pergola covered with Grape-vines, and off
from this are clipped Arborvitae hedges planted in
rows, so that several vistas are presented at right
angles to each other. At the ends of these
pleached walks stand fountains built of cement
and set with mosaic and other figures, again
evidencing the skill of the owner in obtaining
artistic results. At the end of one of the tree
galleries is a wall fountain with a bronze figure
and at the end of the other a pre-Christian terra-
cotta vase of large size. Another wall fountain
is set with colored mosaics after the Byzantine
style, and in another part of the formal garden is
a richly decorated Byzantine font supported by
twisted cement columns. The eastern wall of the
barn, adjoining the garden, is painted a Pom-
peiian red, which harmonizes- well with the
Italian arbor supported by artistic cement
columns. Near the main entrance to the house
is another fountain of Byzantine design and out
of the mouths of four lions spout columns of water
which fall into a circular basin of cement be-
neath. The garden is, in a numberof places, artis-
tically adorned with some of the tile work of the
brother of the present owner of Aldie, who at the
Doylestown Moravian Pottery and Tile Works
manufactures tiles suitable for wall insets, both
glazed and unglazed, of various patterns and
colors.

Fireplace facings indoors are, as well, adorned
with beautiful examples of tile and cement manu-
factured at Doylestown , where a concrete mu-
seum presented to the Bucks County Historical
Society on June 17, 1916, by Dr. Henry C.
Mercer, (the manufacturer of the tiles) houses
the implements, utensils, and other objects of
domestic art of the earlier settlers of Pennsyl-
vania. Besides a library of 8000 volumes and
numerous relics of Indian handiwork, the build-

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

ing contains a collection of 14,428 ancient implements
and utensils imported by the American colonists or made
here as occasion demanded by local blacksmiths, carpen-
ters, and farmers. Among these are, of course, the tools
which our forefathers used in field and forest. Conse-

quently Doylestown with its arboretum at Aldie and its

329

unique museum should be a Mecca for lovers of trees and
garden craft.

Recently Dr. Mercer has also dedicated to Doylestown a Wild
Flower and Bird Sanctuary provided with a century-old stone
house, over the door of which is a tile design with the inscription
“Silva Vocat.”

FOUNTAIN IN THE POOL AT ALDIE

Roger B. Whitman , Photo .

This thin jet of water, spouting unceasingly up out of the great rock and spraying lightly down again, adds a sparkling note of life to the
scene and proffers refreshing suggestion on the hottest of midsummer afternoons. Incidentally its airy movement on the surface of
the pond prevents stagnation — and perhaps as w'ell keeps the sculptured mermaiden cool!

mms A result of the action taken by the Tennessee State
T/V y Horticultural Society at its annual meeting last Jan-
uary, the “Big Bend State” is soon to have a flower
(KJvM all its own. Indeed, it may be that ere these notes
are printed, the State Legislature may have acted upon recom-
mendations laid before it, and legally and officially sanctioned
the addition of the Passion-flower (Passiflora incarnata) to the
lengthening list of state flowers.

Tennessee is to be congratulated upon a most happy and
satisfying choice, for not only is the May-pop, as the plant is
colloquially called, native to dry places from Virginia south-
ward and common almost to weediness throughout Tennessee,
but also it has a distinct and unique beauty of form, flower, and
fruit in addition to an interesting legendary history. Given
winter protection for the roots, this species of Passion-flower is
a hardy herbaceous perennial as far north as Baltimore; where-
fore patriotic Tennesseans can enjoy it not only as a wild plant,
but also as a climbing cover over arbors, trellises, doorways and
the like. While plants may be obtained from dealers in native
horticultural materials, they can also be easily raised from the
seed which is produced in fleshy, yellow gourd-like fruits two
or three inches long.

Probably many plant lovers are more familiar with the green-
house species of Passiflora, several of which make interesting
specimens for warm glass structures, their flowers varying in
color from white to different shades of red, yellow, and purple.
Again there is the Granadilla with its relatively large, edible
fruits familiar to travelers in the tropics of the Western Hemi-
sphere, the original habitat, by the way, of all the Passion-flowers.
All the forms, however, are characterized by the peculiar flower
structure which legend has invested with the symbolism of the
crucifixion. In the five lobes of the calyx and the five petals
taken together are seen the ten apostles (Peter and Judas being
absent); a brilliantly colored, fringe-like crown of filaments
within the corolla is said to represent the crown of thorns; the
five stamens are variously interpreted as the five wounds or as
the hammers used in driving the three nails through the Sav-
iour’s hands and feet, these same nails being seen in the three
upright styles with their flattened and expanded stigmas. The
older botanical reference books illustrate the plant with rather
more emphasis on the details of this interpretation, than ac-
curacy.

But to get back to its choice by Tennessee — it all started in
the summer of 1920 when Dr. Gharles H. Myers, a plant lover of
Cleveland, Ohio, but a former resident of Tennessee, suggested
to the editor of the Southern Fruit Grower that his former com-
monwealth ought to express an opinion and choose a flower for
itself. The idea was referred to the Chattanooga Chapter of the
Agassiz Association which, after extensive investigation, selected
the Passion-flower as logical and in all respects desirable, and
recommended its adoption. It was then that the State Horti-
cultural Society stepped in, framed a special resolution on its

own account, and placed the matter before the Legislature for
official action. '

The horticultural enthusiasts of the whole state are to be I.
congratulated upon having so expeditiously and, apparently, so r
satisfactorily handled a matter and taken a step that can mean l
much to Tennessee’s horticulture and to the popularization of
a greater interest in plants generally.

THE OPE^SColum:K,

Readers’ Interchange of Experience and Comment

Beautiful Blooms from Blasted Bulbs

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

FOR several years the buds of my Narcissus odorata alba plena 1

blasted. Then I tried liming the soil and I have had good sue- ,

cess for two years. — Maud C. Saxton, Newark Galley, N. Y.

Here are White Violets for You

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

SEVERAL of your readers would, 1 note, like to obtain roots of
the White Violet. 1 have an abundance of these Violets and
would be pleased to supply any one desiring them. In order to keep
them where they belong 1 have to throw quantities away every year. —
Mrs. Donald Smith, 37 Perry St., Barre, Vt.

■ — If Mrs. Layton will give me her full address I will gladly send her
some Violet roots. I have some very beautiful ones, taken from an
old garden and supposed to have been brought from England. The
flowers are very large with exceptionally long stems. Unfortunately
they have no fragrance. They make a charming border and, as I write,
are at their loveliest. — A. T. Cushman, 144 Hawthorn St., New Bedford,
Mass.

A Handy Crutch for Young Annuals

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

HERE is a little discovery 1 made last spring which 1 want to pass
along to the readers of The Open Column. In my small back-
yard there are fruit trees and there is also a little space for flowers. I
tried for several years to grow annuals, such as Shirley Poppies, Gyp-
sophila, Calliopsis, Phlox Drummondii, etc., under the trees which are
trimmed to a good height allowing the early and late sun to reach the
ground. The plants grew well and produced blossoms more graceful
and lovely than when sown in the open; but each year the same tragic
thing happened. Either the sprinkler was left running too long, or a
heavy shower, or sudden wind would lay the slender stems low, never
to rise or be raised again. Last year 1 devised a crutch for them and it
worked beautifully. When the seedlings were up an inch or two, 1
thinned and weeded the plot, then stretched across a piece of poultry
netting the size and shape of the bed from six to twelve inches above the
ground, by means of stout stakes driven deep and notched on the outer
surface at the desired height. The young plants grew up through this
and, though winds blew and floods descended, my annuals stood firm

330

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

331

and ripened the best seed I have ever gathered. — Elizabeth Jaques
Snyder, Tacoma, Wash.

A Cure for Rose Bugs at Last

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

MY FIRST day’s experience with “Rose Bug” in my garden is
worth telling! On June ist, I went out early, in fact at 7:30,
watched the flowers covered with the fatal creatures; weather was very
warm and mild. I waited until 10:30, then filled my Auto Spray with
one pint of Melrosine and three gallons of water; shook and stirred
it well; sprayed the plants, and ten minutes later found hundreds of
dead bugs on the plants and flowers. These I picked off to keep my
garden looking neat, but the majority of them had fallen to the
ground. I shall repeat this procedure for several days and can assure
all lovers of Roses complete success if they will try doing likewise. 1
have used this preparation also on the Peonies with equal success.

1 pass this on because I feel sure your thousands of subscribers will
be interested. I am also spraying Lupin and Larkspur with this
same spray. — Mrs. Edgar B. Goldstein, White Plains, N. Y.

Personal Recollections of John Evans

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

IN THE May number of The Garden Magazine I was delighted to
find the interesting paper on the Evan’s Arboretum, and to know
that it is preserved. John Evans and his family were intimate friends
of my father and mother from 1842 on. From my earliest childhood
I and up to 1864, when 1 left Bryn Mawr, I was a constant visitor there,
and familiar with the “Sand Garden,” and the old-fashioned under-
ground greenhouse, where lovely things from the tropics and tender
Roses flourished. One deliciously fragrant blossom on what was, I
think, the shrub from which Bay Rum was distilled, lingers in my
memory. John Evans was the correspondent of Sir John Hooker, of
Kew Gardens, London, and made trips to the Catskills to gather Conifer,
and Laurel, and Rhododendron seeds for him. From the latter, crossed
with those from the Himalayas, the present superb variety was grown.
He received the first Gladiolus seen in this country, and gave some to
my mother, the small old red and yellow sort. He often gave her
curious and rare plants; and our old-fashioned garden was beautiful.
The high bush Barberries were among his shrubs.

John Evans was a Deist, and on the day of his funeral no religious
rites were used — on the hillside above his house, beside his wife and
oldest son, he was laid, and a handful of his beloved shrubs and ever-
greens dropped by a friend into the grave. I was not very big, but it
made a deep impression, and that June afternoon stands out plainly.
There were two daughters and three sons; 1 think Mrs. Paxson, the
youngest, still lives. She visited me in Brooklyn in 1886, and 1 heard
of her two years ago in Norristown, a very old lady. She was absent
many years after her marriage but returned to cheer her father’s lonely
old age and was living in the old home in the early 70’s.

John Evans was a many sided man. He knew French and after
middle age studied German. With my father he established the
Radnor Lyceum, with a small library and Natural History and Miner-
alogical collection in the upper room of the near-by district school.
Here in winter lectures were occasionally given. The late Thomas
Dunn English, I remember, came twice, being a guest at our house.

The reproduction (May Garden Magazine, page 195) from an old
daguerreotype pictures John Evans just as I remember him. On a
visit to relatives in Bryn Mawr in 1919 I saw the old place and was told
its present owner was preserving it and even expanding its plantings. —
E. S. Cromwell, Summit, N. J .

Lychnis in Pale Colors

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

THOUGH not all gardens include the sturdy, cheerful Lychnis
chalcedonica, most gardeners are familiar with its good qualities
even if they do not care for its rather crude shade of red. Mrs. Wilder
in her invaluable book, “My Garden,” speaks of it as a plant with a
difficult color. It may, perhaps, be news to many that there are forms
with light colored flowers, white, and pale pink. They are very seldom
catalogued, and only once have I seen seed offered. My own plants
were rogues (charming ones) in a lot of seedlings raised from seed of the
type chalcedonica. I was surprised and delighted to discover among
the scarlets one plant with a pure white flower and one with a flesh pink
blossom. Both were far more attractive than their parent and grouped
better with their garden neighbors. I think any gardener would find

them a real acquisition as they are very hardy, require no staking and
have a long season of bloom. I f the terminal cluster is picked promptly,
the plant continues blooming from the side shoots.

This spring Dreer, of Philadelphia, offers alba and Ralph E. Hunt-
ington, of Mentor, Ohio, lists Salmon Oueen as a fine novelty. —
Amelia H. Botsford, Edgemoor, Delaware.

Success with Small Tulip Bulbs

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine :

I AST autumn 1 wrote you to know what I could do with my small
L* Darwin Tulip bulbs. In answer you told me to plant them
in the garden like so many Peas and 1 would be surprised to see a
great many of them in bloom when the blooming season came around.
1 did so, and from present appearances one half or more of them are
going to have beautiful blooms. A few are already out and almost
equal the blooms just nowcoming from theold and large bulbs. This is
certainly a surprise to me. A portion of these small bulbs are de-
scendents of the Tulip bulbs which were a few years ago accidentally
kept out of the ground a whole year. — Dr. A. W. Foreman, White
Hall, Illinois.

The Delphinium in California

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

AN ACCOUNT of Delphinium in a New York garden (The Garden
Magazine for March) so resembled the growing of a bed of these
flowers in a Southern California garden known to me, that I cannot
resist sending the enclosed pictures of the California Delphinium taken

LARKSPUR IN A CALIFORNIA GARDEN

These lusty specimens prove the adaptability of the
Delphinium to varying conditions of climate and
soil. Garden of Mrs. George E. Waldo, Pasadena

last June. These, like the ones in New York, were raised from a packet
of fine seed, and also possessed iridescent tints of azure and rose, seem-
ing to glow with living colors. Most luxuriant in growth, they stood
up tall and straight to heights varying from four to seven feet. This
was all very interesting because there is a wide-spread tradition that
Delphinium cannot be grown successfully in this climate.

A few more points, which apply equally well West or East, in regard to
the raising of Delphinium might not be amiss. First of all, it is of the
utmost importance for germination that the seed be fresh. Then
after the usual process of growing and transplanting the small seedlings
when they finally reach the bed of their destination they need water
and fertilizer, and then more water and fertilizer. The California

332

The Garden Magazine, July, 192.

Delphinium of the picture stand in a deep mulch of compost, which is
always kept thoroughly moist; and, although in full sun, they bloom
well into the extreme heat of the summer, when they are trimmed
back, and later give a long season of autumn bloom. In March these
two-year-old clumps are to be cut into four divisions and set out into
new beds (also heavily mulched) to provide future masses and vistas of
blue — the color so particularly entrancing in a garden that has an
abundance of shrubbery and trees for a background. — Mira B. Culins,
Pasadena, Cal.

More About Grapes

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine;

LJAVING seen the request for information on cultivating and prun-
* 1 ing the Grape and having had long experience with the vine in
question, 1 have tried to jot down points helpful to the beginner.

The Grape may be so easily and successfully grown and is so adapt-
able to all sorts of uses that if there is only room for one fruit this seems
the kind usually chosen. As fine an ornamental vine as 1 ever saw
was one of the close-pruned purple Grape lustily growing above
door and windows across the front of a brick house in the city.

Four or five vines in as many varieties, selected according to your
own preference, are all that an average family requires; and even one
vine is a treasure. Most of those grown for market in the fields are
trained to a stake with a cross on top. A trellis, an arbor or pergola is
a great attraction, but when so grown the vines are more difficult to
prune and sure to be neglected.

Among the black kinds the Concord and Moore’s Early are unex-
celled for general purposes. For delicate flavor and keeping qualities
Pocklington, Delaware, and Diana rank among the favorites in the
East. These will grow and bear wonderful crops trained on the north
of a building, which is another point in their favor; and may be left
on the vine until frost. If bunches are wrapped separately in tissue
paper, and laid on a shelf in a cool, frost-proof room, to be used as
needed, they may easily be kept until Christmas.

Vines should be pruned when dormant, before the sap rises in the
spring, but it is better done late than neglected entirely. Once, having
been away from home, the vines, untouched for two years, were in a
hopeless tangle and the sap in full flow. 1 did mv best by them whilst
their tears streamed copiously; and followed the initial pruning by cut-
ting back the new rampant growths to within two buds of the bunches
of fruit. 1 never saw finer fruit; many branches had three or four
clusters. These were thinned to two clusters, except the very best
where a third was left.

! Knowing the fruit grows only from the last year’s wood, when grow-
ing on a building we train Grapes horizontally two feet apart each way,
cutting out all others and using leather straps nailed to the wall to hold
them in place. It is then easy to see and remove straggling vines.
The ideal way is to train a new vine midway between these each year for
the next crop, annually removing all the old wood that can be spared.
When properly pruned, the novice will think his vines ruined; instead
he will have the finest fruit and the best crop ever. In most cases you
will still have more new growth than you know what to do with; yet it
is not absolutely necessary to give further attention, except to bag the
fruit in case you live where it is liable to rot from bad weather, or be

destroyed bv birds and bees. I have never seen one bunch that wa:
timely bagged that did not come out perfect with its “bloom” un-
tarnished, even when not a single unbagged bunch escaped black rot

Use a one pound grocer’s bag; open out flat; crush in each upper edge
about three fourths of an inch, leaving the two sides narrower; slip this
over the bunch when very small, pulling up over the vine so closely'
that no little spider can enter. Thrust a pin through all, enclosing the
stem of the grapes. It is best to have the bag hang upright so in case
of a long rain, water will run off. This is all more rapidly done than
told and is a guarantee against birds, insects, and meddlesome children.

In gathering, simply cut the bag and stem from the vine. They can
now be handled or left until ready to use, when every bunch comes out
untarnished, a real feast to behold. — Sarah A. Plees, Whittier, Cal.

— We refer interested readers to Mr. Seymour’s simple and com-
prehensive account of pruning methods and the general treatment of
Grapes and other fruits which may be found on pages 264 and 266 of the I
June issue under the heading of “Garden Problems That Puzzle.” — Ed. I fl

The Joys of Garden Building

To the Editor of- The Garden Magazine:

\ A /E BUILT and moved to our home five years ago. Nothing but
' ' weeds. Now we have a paradise with more than a hundred
varieties of flowers, a young orchard, and a sixty foot grapery. Twenty-
four Grape vines, Concords and Niagaras, were set out and allowed
to go to vine the first year for shade. Only four bore fruit; we had
about two pecks of grapes. The next year about two bushels from
eight vines and last year about ten bushels from sixteen vines. A
seedling Peach tree set out five years ago lived through that severe
winter which killed a number of other things. In the last three seasons
it has matured till it is now twelve feet high, and in the fall of 1920 gave
us a half bushel of fine fruit. Three years from the ground up is not so j
bad! The coal ashes may have helped it some.

Had some Ponderosa tomatoes which weighed two and a quarter
pounds and many more from one to two pounds in weight; also cu-
cumbers two inches thick and fifteen or sixteen inches long that were \\
crisp and brittle.

People who come to see our place wonder how it was done, and in so p(
short a time. The secret is only that we have to love plants to make
them grow; we love everything we have but the Dandelions. The f
first season (three years ago) we housed one pair of purple martins;
the next year three pairs; and the last year seven pairs came to our
bird-house. This year we hope to have double that many. I can shoot
the sparrows right under the martins and they never move. We talk v
to them like friends and they seem to understand.

We like The Garden Magazine better than any we take. — Dr. and
Mrs. H. C. Bennett, Buckeye Home, Lima, Ohio.

' 0

Referring to the remarks made recently in regard to the Tulip y
Collections grown this year in the New York Botanical Garden, we
are reminded by Mr. Frank H. Presby that an even larger variety ®
might have been seen at the C. H. Hunt Co.’s trial grounds 434 vari-
eties in fact.

WHAT. AUGUST PROMISES THE READER

POOLS! The mere word creates a momentary illusion of welcome coolness on these midsummer days, and even the tiniest pool set down on the lawn
offers refreshing suggestion. Why not make one now while the need of it is still keenly in mindr Just the time to set out Iris, Evergreens, etc., so
that when spring comes again the pool will be fringed with well established growth. Much practical suggestion for planting will be found in Mr.
Robert Wheelwright’s article on “Small Naturalesque Pools” which also includes some working plans of actual construction.

Mr. John T. Nichols, Associate Curator of Ichthyology at the American Museum of Natural History, will tell why — apart from the note of
gleaming beauty and life so introduced — the goldfish and certain of his kindred are valuable inhabitants of the garden pool.

J. L. Collins of the Department of Genetics, California Agricultural Experiment Station, touches on the latest romance in the making of new plants
to order in the first of a series of three articles. We are beginning to learn the answer to a few questions and they are as curious and interesting as a
fairy tale.

Much planting may be done in August; why not Evergreens in this period of comparative leisurer Foliage effects can now be accurately deter-
mined and there need be no guesswork as to placing. “ Evergreens for Ornamental Effects by Henry W ild offers the would-be planter a wide choice

of tested materials. ....

Dwellers in the city, whose gardens— very limited in area and subject to concentrated heat and other untoward conditions— need special consid-
eration, will find many of their problems answered by “In The City Garden,” a comprehensive treatment which includes a list of shrubs, flowers, etc.,
particularly fitted for such use.

“Green Symbols” is an interpretation, by a man who lives in intimate communion with nature in her magnificent Pacific Coast mood, of the
spiritual meaning of growing things, most especially of trees. Formerly landscape architect in charge of the United States National Parks, Mr. Mark
Daniels thoroughly appreciates “the individuality of trees” and their significance. Increased understanding of the inner spirit and message of plant
forms lessens the likelihood of their misuse and makes of gardening an inspired art.

PMIlllHHi

ill

^77l© £Montfvs % QmindQr

“Come with me, then, behind the scenes, where we are concerned only with the joys of plant increase and rejuvenation”

The Reminder is to "suggest” what mav be done during the next few weeks. Details of how
• do each item are given in the current or the back issues of The Garden Magazine — it is mani-
stly impossible to give all the details of all the work in any one issue of a magazine. References
> back numbers may be looked up in the index to each completed volume (sent gratis on request);
ie Service Department will also be glad to cite references to anv special topic if asked by mail and to
, ;nd personal replies to specific questions; a stamped, addressed envelope being enclosed.

When referring to the time for out-door work of any sort New York City (latitude 4c) at sea
level in a normal season is taken as standard; but at best dates can only be approximate Roughly,
the season advances northward fifteen miles a day. Thus Albany, which is one hundred and fifty
miles from New York, would be about ten days later, and Philadelphia, which is ninety miles
southwest about a week earlier. Also allow jour days for each degree of latitude, for each five
degrees of longitude, and for each four hundred feet of altitude.

JULY— JUST REWARDS AND CONTINUED VIGIL

Copyright, 1921, Doubleday, Page if? Co.

• HERE is an allurement about midsummer that tempts one to

ease up on the care of the garden; whether the thought of

approaching vacation-time or the reflex effect of the heat
brings this about is of little moment, but there is no doubt
that now more than at any other season the gardener needs
nspiration and urging to further effort. It would not be out of place
o spend a few hours of the“glorious Fourth” in taking stock ofwhat the
garden actually offers and ascertaining whether the returns have been
vorth the effort expended. ‘‘The laborer is worthy of his hire.” Have
• ou been paid for yours?

Trowing Crops as they Stand

f a poor return is inevitable from any crop now occupying space, pull
or hoe it out and replant. Don’t waste time and space, but start
a supply of winter vegetables. It is not too late to sow others for
fall use. Don’t make the mistake of supposing that late varieties
are indispensable because they are for late use. Early varieties
are an advantage in many localities as they mature before frost.

Late Cabbage, Cauliflower, Kale, Brussels Sprouts and Celery to be set
into permanent quarters this month. The earlier the better.

romatoes on stakes to be tied, and side shoots pinched out frequently.
The foliage to be thinned if it is shading the fruit.

Melon and Squash vines to be kept off the ground by laying brush for
them to climb over.

Potatoes to be sprayed twice this month or oftener if the weather be
wet. Plant Turnips where early Potatoes have been dug.

Rhubarb, Sea-kale, and Asparagus to be well fed by top-dressing of well
rotted manure, or fertilizer, preferably both if available. Cultivate
thoroughly and keep clear of all weeds. Next year’s yield is
proportionate to the feeding taken in now.

Spray regularly with bordeaux: Muskmelons, Cucumbers, Pumpkins,
and Squashes. Small boards or pots placed under Melons will
cause them to ripen more evenly than they do when left on the
ground and will prevent the flat, bleached-out side often seen.

Dnions and Leeks to be fed with liquid manure or nitrate of soda.

Vegetable Seeds for Succession

Beans to be planted for succession. Get the average date for the first
killing frost in your locality and figure the last sowing according to
that. Red Valentine will mature in 55 days, if the frost does not
kill it before the last week in September. Sowings made up to
last week in July will yield the bulk of the crop before being nipped.

Last chance to sow long season Beets, such as Long Smooth Blood for
winter use, is the first week of this month. After that (up to the
20th of the month) early maturing varieties such as Detroit
Dark Red, Crosby Egyptian, Crimson Globe.

Carrots for the winter crop to be sown by the 1 5th of the month.

Last call for Corn planting July 4th, using early varieties as Peep
o’ Day, Mayflower, Golden Bantam.

Early white Endive sown the first week of the month will be ready to
blanch in early September.

Kohlrabi to be sown for succession; matures in sixty days.

Heat resisting sorts of Lettuce, as All-season, Butter Head, Iceberg, to be
sown up to the middle of the month. During the last of the month
use Tender Heart, Black-seeded Tcnnisball, and Big Boston types.

Peas for a fall crop will not give a spring crop return, so use heavy
bearing, quick maturing sorts; i. e. Sutton’s Excelsior, Little
Marvel, Alaska, and Thomas Laxton.

Radishes for succession to be sown. Sow White Strasburg, and Black
Spanish for winter use up to the 15th.

Ruta-bagas for winter use to be sown as early as possible, and succession
crops of Turnips up to 20th. Purple-top, Strap-leaf, Amber-
leaf, and White Globe to be sown for late fall use.

Late Cucumbers for pickling are possibilities if sown at once and given
good care. Liquid manure will help.

Where the Fruit Is Promising

Summer pruning is the month’s big job which really assists the trees in
setting up fruit buds. Go over all trees of fruiting size, and nip
off all thin, weak interior growth, also take off the ends of any
heavy shoots with a tendency to get ahead of others.

Cane fruits to be pruned thoroughly after fruiting; cut away old
wood that has borne fruit; leaving new growths to fill the rows
without crowding.

Currants and Gooseberries neglected during the fall or spring pruning,
to have some of the old wood cut out now to give room for new
growth.

Rub off surplus growths that may have started on Grape vines where
not wanted.

When the Strawberry crop is gathered, remove weeds, litter, and super-
flous runners and lightly fork over the surface of the soil.

Replant part of the patch each year to maintain succession.

Thin crop of heavy-bearing fruits, especially Apples and Pears. Reduce
clusters to a single fruit, and in the case of Apple let fruit hang
10-12 inches apart all over the tree.

Cover crops in the orchard to be plowed under. A cutaway disk
harrow, or a chain on the plow are worth considering in this
connection.

About the Grounds

For aphis on any of the trees use Black Leaf 40, or Thrip Juice.

Finish pruning early flowering shrubs, cutting out old wood that has
produced.

Caterpillars to be disposed of as soon as seen or they will quickly de-
foliate any plants they attack. Borers are active. A steel wire
run along the opening the borer is working in will dispose of him.

Attend to any tree having bark disease or bad scars. Where decay
has started cut out the soft punky wood to real hard, solid wood,
making the shape of the cavity such as will allow water to run out.
If the cavity is small and does not materially affect the stability of
the tree a treatment with pine tar or creosote will be all that is
needed. This work calls for real skill and any extensive operation
had best be given the specialists.

New plantations to be protected from drouth by heavy mulching; it
saves constant watering.

Green fly or white scale to be looked for on the Bay-trees.

Where the Flowers Are Growing

Do not stir the soil deeply when cultivating; many plants are shallow-
rooted. Cut off flower heads when bloom fades, unless saving seed.

Note down the names and quantities of any plants needed to fill gaps
and order potted plants to fill now or in fall.

The biennial Campanula, Foxglove, and other plants of this nature to
be torn out and thrown away after flowering. Foxglove seedlings
will spring up and may be kept for next year’s flowering.

Annuals for late summer bloom by lowing now include Mignonette,
Candytuft, Phlox Drummondii, Coreopsis, Gypsophila, and Corn-
flower.

Continuously flowering plants (Coreopsis, Gypsophila and Perennial
Peas) to have the flowers picked clean in order to have them flower
right along. Mulching is preferable to watering (especially on the
“little and often” plan) for these and fall-flowering perennials.

When watering, give water until the soil is saturated through and
through, and then give still more. Mulch to go on after that.

If Phloxes show signs of red spider or mildew, use a strong force of

333

334

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

water from the hose for red spider, and sulphide of potassium
(i oz. to a gallon of water) for mildew.

Move German and Japanese Iris, even Peonies etc., after flowering
and make any desired changes of arrangement.

Nasturtiums, and other soft succulent plants soon suffer from the
attacks of aphis and are to be sprayed frequently with tobacco or
suitable preparations.

Geraniums to be pinched back to get bushy plants. Remove terminal
growths with fore-finger and thumb.

Clip Althernanthera and Coleus to keep them within bounds. On
large areas a scythe is a useful implement for this purpose.

Rambler Roses to have the old wood cut away soon after flowering.
Tie the new canes and give them plenty of room, selecting only
the most desirable of the new growths, cutting out weak and
crowded shoots. Ramblers trained against buildings are generally
infested with both fungus and insect. Spray in time to control.
Keep up vitality by regular watering.

Bush Roses to have growths shortened, when through blooming, to
encourage vigorous new wood for fall flowering. A dressing of
tankage, blood manure, and liquid cow manure will help
considerably. If drouth prevails, soak the beds with plenty
of water.

Perennial seeds to be sown at once for flowering next season.

Plants in the Greenhouse

Present neglect of winter-flowering plants in frames will be tenfold
more evident during the winter months.

Plant Carnations into the benches.

Snapdragons for winter flowering to be planted in benches where
they are to bloom. Keep them cool and maintain a moist
atmosphere.

Freesias to be potted up or boxed; they will flower by Christmas.
Water sparingly until growth starts.

Liliums giganteum, speciosum, and auratum from cold storage to be
potted up. The first will flower in October. After pot-
ting, place bulbs in a coldframe where they can be shaded
until rooted.

Bench-grown Chrysanthemums to be kept well watered; also specimen
plants in pots, and the large-flowered exhibition types. Bush
plants may still be pinched. Syringe and spray frequently to
keep them free from thrips, aphis, and red spider. Maintain a cool
buoyant atmosphere.

Violets in small pots, planted on a bench with a northern aspect in a
coo! house, will make fine flowering plants by winter.

Crotons not to be shaded heavily for brilliant coloring. Frequent syring-
ings keep mealy bugs, scale, and red spider in check.

Hydrangeas for forcing next winter, now planted outdoors, not to be
pinched after the first of the month.

Place order now for Roman Hyacinths, and for Paper-white, Trumpet,
and Golden Spur Narcissus.

Left over plants of Marguerites apparently of little use will, if planted
outdoors, make fine growth by September, when they may be
lifted and potted for early winter flower. Shade in the pots.

Calla Lilies to be started into growth; purchase new plants
now. Fibrous loam, cow manure, and bone meal make a good
compost.

Gardenias planted early last month need air on all favorable occasions,
but avoid draughts. Damp the walks frequently and maintain a
warm, moist atmosphere.

Geraniums' for winter flowering now being grown in pots to have leading
growths pinched whenever they show a tendency to run away.
Pick off flower spikes. Give a sunny, well ventilated house;
freedom from weeds and dead leaves; and an occasional spraying
overhead. Avoid the use of liquid manures which promote
soft growth at the expense of the flowers; use fine bone-meal.

Asparagus Sprengeri for winter greens to be purchased in small pots
and planted now, if stock is not on hand from seeds sown in heat
in the spring.

Seeds for Indoor Sowings

Mignonette for winter-flowering to be sown early. A rich compost is
essential. Cover seed lightly and keep moist until germination
takes place.

Sweet-peas and Calendulas (to follow Chrysanthemums in November)
to be sown toward the end of the month.

Chinese Primroses to be sown now for Christmas flowering; and
Cineraria stellata for cut flowers in early spring. Baby Primroses

to be sown; large plants to be divided and potted into inch-;
pots. All cool-house subjects (like Cinerarias, Calceolarias and
Baby Primroses) need the coolest possible conditions at this time.
Seed of English Wallflowers sown now outdoors — later transplanted
6 inches apart and, in October, lifted and potted, wintered in a
cold frame with a little protection and brought into the greenhouse
in January — will make fine flowering plants in the spring.
New Zealand Spinach for winter use to be sown in a cool-house. Parsley
also to be sown for next winter’s use.

Watercress is easy to grow in a coldframe or cool greenhouse (not
more than 450); if the temperature gets high, aphis is troublesome.
Sow now, using a rich soil, and cover the bed with an inch of clean,
sharp sand.

Tomatoes for fall crop to be sown now and planted into permanent
quarters September 1st. Fall crop of Cucumbers to be had by
sowing English forcing types now; plant to permanent quarters
late in August.

Cuttings Under Glass

Lorraine Begonias (and other of the winter-flowering types) grown 1;
from early rooted leaf-cuttings to have flowers picked off. If in
need of larger pots move them; but if in doubt leave for some time |
longer. Overpotting of these plants often spells failure, especially !
when watering is done carelessly. Shade to avoid burning. J I
Poinsettias may yet be rooted. Purchase small stock of winter- |
flowering Begonias to grow on.

Cuttings of Double Sweet Alyssum put into propagating bench now,]
and later planted at intervals along sides of the Carnation benches, , I
will flower all winter.

Forcing Fruits

Toward the end of the month start ripening up the pot vines for early j ,
forcing next winter. Place in full sun, water thoroughly, and]
syringe twice daily.

Fruit houses that have ripened crops and are staying wide open right >
along dry outrapidly. Continual syringing of trees or vines will
often keep the surface looking half dry. Water thoroughly.
Apples and Pears that have fruited in pots to be fed and watered for
another season. Sublaterals may be pinched back to two eyes. 1

Care of Orchids

Calanthes to be looked over twice a day to prevent drying out; these 1
terrestrial Orchids do not like as much spraying as other kinds. I
Have the foliage dry overnight or spot will develop. Look
out for cool nights during the ensuing weeks, 70° at night is
required.

Cypripediums now in active growth; as the roots fill the pots and pans I
liquid manure once a week will help. See that the plants do not I
suffer for want of water. Ventilate freely, but avoid draughts. I
Shade to prevent actual burning.

Irrigation the Most Urgent Need

One good soaking, once a week is more beneficial than a slight I
sprinkling every evening. Also, be sure to put the water where it I
belongs.

“Leafy” vegetables as well as root crops appreciate having the tops I
moistened equally with having the roots irrigated. Cn the other
hand, plants that bear fruits (such as Peppers, Eggplants, Toma- I
toes, Cucumbers, and other vining plants) should not have the tops I
and blossoms soaked and the pollen washed away.

Modern methods and appliances have done a great deal to take the 1
hardship out of watering. Systems of pipe lines overhead or j
underground, portable sprinklers, rotary and oscillating water-fans I
are now perfected to such a degree as to do their work thoroughly I
and efficiently. Press these aids into service to get the most out I
of your July Garden.

THE CALIFORNIA REMINDER

July and August. Rest up as much as the necessity of watering and ]
cultivating will allow. Mulch Chrysanthemums with manure. §
Mulch and disbud Dahlias. Sow seeds of perennials such as Lark- I
spur, Foxglove, and Coreopsis, and at the end of the latter month
sow Pansies, Stocks, Wallflowers, and Snapdragons for winter bloom. I
Divide and replant tall Bearded Iris.

335

te Garden Magazine, July, 1921

Will You Grant Us The Privilege To Help?

EONIES are a life-time investment. It takes at least three years
before new plantations show at their best. How disappointing, then,
if the floweis for which you have waited so patiently should not be
as expected. Our score of years of experience and subsequent
leadership are at your disposal in helping to select the proper kinds
that will best serve your individual requirements.

Cottage Garden Grown Roots

Will Bloom Next Year

Our strong 2-year-old divisions are bound to give you some flowers from roots set out during
September. But do not wait until then to get acquainted. Through our modest catalogue,
about 400 distinct sorts of merit ask for your consideration. Early, midseason and late
bloomers in a multitude of colors and of many distinct types are available. If in doubt
which to choose, we shall be glad to help or you may prefer to consider these:

Twelve Very Choice Peonies — $20.00

Baroness Schroeder — Flesh white, midseason. Gloire de Charles Gombault — Light rose,
James Kelway — -Rosy white, early midseason. midseason.

Mme. Jules Calot — Lilac white, midseason. Lady Beresford — Bright pink, midseason.

Mme. Emile Galle — Soft pink, late. Mons. Bastien Lepage — Mauve, midseason.

Marguerite Gerard — Salmon Fink, late. Mons. Krelage — Solferino red, late.

Asa Gray — Pale lilac, midseason. Mme. Mechin — Purple garnet, midseason.

Adolphe Rousseau — Purple garnet, early.

Four of these retail at $3.00 each. All are conceded to be top-notchers, regardless of price.
Their flowering season covers from early to late.

Peony Catalogue Free on request.

Cottage Gardens, Inc., Nurseries, Queens, L. I., N. Y.

336

The Garden Magazine, July, 192.

Unrivalled Collection of 10 for $5.00 Postpaid

Of these, six are our own introductions. All are of great beauty and remarkably distinct.

Airship— Single, enormous silky blue. 60c.

Amethyst— Single, light Lavender of great substance. 50c.
Beauty — Single, sil very-white, veined indigo-blue;

inner petals plum-color fringed white. 50c.

Azure — An immense double, mauve-blue. 60c.

Dominator — Single indigo-blue striped white, with
light center. 50c.

Indo — Single dark blue with unusually bright yellow
center. 60c.

Kamata — Single deepest sky-blue. 60c.

Norma— Lavender-pink double with clear blue disc
and yellow spot on base of petals. 50c.

Pink Progress— The single companion 9f Norma. 50c.

Ruffed Monster — Doubled dark pinkish-plum,
veined white, with white and yellow center. 75c.

Please ask for our catalogue of bulbs and hardy plants for Fall planting,
ready for mailing in late Summer

JOHN LEWIS CHILDS, Inc.

Floral Park, New York

Childs’ Japanese IRISES

While at their best during late June and part of this month, nothing
rivals Iris Kaempferi in brilliancy and majestic beauty. Years ago, we
became interested in this magnificent hardy plant and we have gradually added to our collection
until it is conceded one of the best in the country. We shall be ready to dig and ship these early
next month but invite orders now. Here is a selection bound to please every lover of the Iris.

For the Home

INTERIOR DECORATION by Frank Alvah Parsons, Author of “The Psychology
of Dress.” Profusely Illustrated. Price $5.00. Published by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO.

Hardy Phloxes

My Specialty

300 Varieties in My Collection

The following varieties are
especially recommended for
border and bed planting:

Obergartner Wittig —

Large lavender flowers.

La Vogue — Buff pink..

Miss Lingard — Early
white, extremely popular.

Mad. P. Langier — Bright
red.

Frau Anton Buchner —

The best white Phlox.

Hanna Pfleiderer— White
with pink center.

Send for my circular tell-
ing about my Phloxes with
descriptions and prices.

W. F. SCHMEISKE

Hardy Phlox Grower
State Hospital Station
Binghamton, N. Y.

Frau Anton Buchner

Iris, Lord of June, (Yell.)

I was awarded Silver Medal by Mass. Horticultural Society
May 28th, 1921. $5.00

PEONIES

Baroness Schroeder

$1 00

Le Cygne

$20 00

1 50

1 00

King of England (Jap).

2. CO

Raoul Dessert

. 15 00

Lady Alexander Duff

5 00

Simeone Chevalier.

1 00

La France

7 00

. 4. CO

Please order from this ad. as I shall not issue
a catalogue. I have no wholesale prices.

H. F. CHASE, 94 Summer St., Andover, Mass.

Fryer’s New Iris

I have thousands of seedlings that I am offering in a mixture,
and if orders are not delayed too long each order for 100 will
contain fifty or more varieties.

If some people had them many of them would be named, but
I have so many that often I do not name one in 1000.

Only $6.00 per 100. Not prepaid.

When it comes to Hardy Phlox

Phlox has been my specialty for 25 years. You can count
on the ironclad constitution of plants I send out. My list is
about as long as is consistent with utter dependability of
varieties offered. Amelia, shown in center, to left of young
lady, is one of my own. Shades from crimson center to
nearly white edges. Tall, vigorous, free- blooming.

Catalogue Yours for Asking

Just a little heart-to-heart talk about my pets, the flowers,
that have helped me make the last 25 years one constant
busy, joyous day. Please let’s get acquainted by writing for
my modest printed salesman to-day.

WILLIS E. FRYER, Mantorville, Minnesota

Moss Aztec Pottery

Offers a wide choice of objects, from simple fern
dishes and bud vases to impressive jardinieres
and plant stands. Its predominating charac-
teristic is refined elegance in designs and colors.
A post card request will bring you the “Moss

So.

A tiny bird house or a spacious cottage —
it matters not what sort of building you
want, there is nothing more serviceable,
more attractive, more economical, than a
Hodgson Portable House.

Practical construction makes erection
easy; the best materials and careful manu-
facture insure durability.

Write for illustrated catalog.

E. F. HODGSON COMPANY

Room 228 71-73 Federal St., Boston, Mass.

6 East 39th St., New York City

H0DGS0Ni»ual

Garden Magazine, July, 1921

337

Make Your Garden
A Wonder Garden

It’s easy. Market growers know the secret.

I Follow it and you will have the largest crops
| of fruits and vegetables, an abundance of the
I biggest and sweetest scented flowers of the
most intense and vivid colors.

Here is the secret:

The better grades of commercial fertilizers
contain only 3 to 5 per cent. Nitrogen, 6 to
10 per cent. Phosphoric Acid and 3 to 5 per
cent. Potash combined in material that has
no fertilizing value, but makes weight and an
odor of the full 100 per cent, quality.

Science has produced a tablet that is rich in
plant food, containing 1 1 per cent. Nitrogen,

12 per cent. Phosphoric Acid and 15 per cent.
Potash and it is odorless and clean.

Four tablets dissolved in a gallon of water
is used in place of liquid manure and is less
trouble and gives better results than the
objectionable manure water.

Three or four tablets (one every ten days)
placed in the hills with a dibble makes
Cucumbers, Squash and Melons fairly jump,
also Climbing Ornamental Plants.

In hills, other than vines, use one tablet to
each hill.

For crops in drills, use one tablet to each
foot of row.

In Flower Beds and Borders, place tablets
one foot apart.

Bush Fruits and Shrubbery, use three to five
tablets, placed in the soil with a dibble about
each plant.

Fruit or Ornamental Trees, place tablets two
feet apart and extending out from the trunk
as far as the longest branches.

Good also for cold frames, hotbeds, green-
house benches and pot plants.

Each tablet contains highly concentrated,
immediately available plant food and enables
the grower to control the development of plants.
They increase production, heighten color and
improve quality. Their use is highly profitable.
The name of the tablet is Stim-U-PlanT. No
matter how fertile the soil, Stim-U-PlanT is
effective in feeding and forwarding crops.
Market Gardeners all over are ordering in
large quantities. Order by name — there is
no substitute.

Price delivered: 100 tablets, 75 cents. 1000
tablets, $3.50. The same results with ordinary
fertilizers would cost double and more.

EARP-THOMAS CULTURES CORP.,

Exclusive Manufacturers
£0 Lafayette St. New York

Buckbee Strawberries

Are 2 Inches Across!

Only after thirty -five years of crossing and experiment-
ing with hundreds of noteworthy varieties, was the
originator able to produce this unusual strawberry.
BUCKBEE has rich color, remarkable firmness, extra
large size (2-inch berries) and the real strawberry flavor.
The abundant foliage protects the berries from the sun,
and the long stems carry them off the ground — clean.
You can enjoy BUCKBEE next year — long before it
appears in the markets. July and August planting will
give best results next season. Plants, $4 per dozen,
$7.50 per 25, $13.50 per 50, $25 per 100.

Kevitt’s Jubilee and Beal
Are Almost as Large

KEVITT’S JUBILEE is noted for its abundant crops of heart-
shaped, pointed berries, quite dark in color, and of exquisite flavor.
BEAL produces berries, frequently more than two inches through.
Plants of either variety, $3 per 25, $5.50 per 50, $10 per 100.

We can supply strong-growing plants of standard and ever-bearing
varieties. Send for descriptive catalogue G, mailed free.

William M. Hunt CSk Co., Inc.

148 Chambers St., New York City

m

THE ROMANCE OF OUR TREES by Ernest H. Wilson, M. A., V. M. II.
For tree lovers and book lovers both. Limited edition. Illustrated. Net $10.00

Iris Specialist

Very large collection of Bearded,
Crested, Spuria, Siberian and
Japanese Irises.

Catalogue free on request.

MRS. FRANCES E. CLEVELAND

Sunny Brook Farm Iris Garden

Eatontown, New Jersey

an NOW

for your Fall Plant-
ing. When your
home grounds are at
their best, you can
plan and imagine im-
p provements more

r» easily. Send for our

newest illustrated
catalogue.

Moons' Nurseries

Morrisville Penosybania \

A Rare Visitor from New Zealand

Helichrysum Angustifolium

a perennial of the Everlasting or Strawflower family that
promises to become quite an acquisition for the Rockery. The
downy gray foliage (in color not unlike that of Dusty Miller
among the biennials) furnishes a most pleasing contrast with
other plants. The tiny, double, pure white flowers will keep
like any other strawflower, if properly dried or cured.

Strong Plants 35c each $3.50 per dozen

Get Ready Now for Fall Planting

To grow the old fashioned hardy Flowers, as well as Rock
Garden plants successfully, they should be planted during late
August, and up to November, like Spring flowering bulbs.
They make roots during Fall and Winter establishing them-
selves for Spring and Summer blooming.

Within the next two months we will have ready a full list of
Hardy Plants especially suitable for fall planting. We will
gladly send a free copy to those interested.

PALISADES NURSERIES, Inc. Sparkill, New York

338

Grow

Your

Own—

It's Lots More Fun!

EVERYBODY wants
Perennials — and wants
them in generous measure, to
secure the desired effects in fl

color and charm. If you
delay and finally buy plants,
the cost mounts high; an
attractive perennial border may
require several hundred dollars’ worth
of plants.

Exactly the same results can be secured with
#10 to #15 worth of SEEDS! And aside from the
money saving you have the fascination of growing your own
plants, nursing them from the beginning, and loving them all the
more! Sow your seeds now, and the plants will bloom next year.

A Garden of Perennials for $2 — Regular Price, $4.90

Achillea, The Pearl. 3 ft.

Alyssum saxatile. Yellow. 3 ft.

Aquilegia (Columbine), Giant Long-Spurred.
Campanula pyramidalis. Blue. 4 ft.
Coreopsis grandiflora. 2 ft.

Delphinium, Finest Hybrids. 4 ft.

Dianthus, Hardy Double Garden Pinks. 1 ft.
Digitalis (Foxglove), Spotted, Mixed. 3 ft.
Gaillardia grandiflora, Mixed. 1 ft.

Geum, Mrs. Bradshaw. 18 in.

Gypsophila paniculata (Baby’s Breath). 3 ft.
Hollyhock, Chater’s Double, Mixed. 5 ft.
Lupinus, Excelsior Hybrids, Mixed. 3 ft..

Lychnis Haageana hybrida. 18 in.
Lythrum roseum superbum. 3 ft.

3 ft. Pentstemon, Large-Flowering Hybrids.
Platycodon grandiflora. Blue. 2 ft.
Poppies, Iceland, Mixed. 1 ft.
Pyrethrum roseum hybridum.

Shasta Daisy. 18 in.

Stokesia cyanea. Blue. 18 in.

Sweet Rocket. 3 ft.

Sweet William, Holbom Glory.
Valeriana (Garden Heliotrope).

Viola comuta (Tufted Pansies).

2 ft.

1 ft.
3 ft.
6 in.

3 ft.

Out “Book for Garden Losers* (25 cts. a copy j FREE with above collection

tycKlmg

$ccds

24 WEST 59th STREET NEW YORK CITY

It

The Garden Magazine, July, 19 ^

—

I 1

Looking for the '
“Better” Among
PEONIES? |

Originally, I grew Peonies for a hobby. ]
Gradually, I have acquired a splendid
collection of such rare kinds as Le Cygne, I :
Jubilee, Rosa Bonheur and others. Now I i
I am ready to divide. Last season I sold I ’
thousands of dollars worth and made I '
satisfied friends and customers. Let us
get acquainted.

Take Your Choice

By way of introducing the grade of roots I send, I
will supply fifteen fine named varieties for $5.00 cr
eight for $2.50. With each $5.00 collection, I will ;
send an extra plant of John Richardson. My choice
of varieties and kind of roots must please you or
your money will be refunded.

May I Send Catalogue?

It will introduce to you what I consider some of
the finest Peonies in cultivation to-day at prices j
rs reasonable as the character of the variety w; r- ]
rants. I await your request for a copy of the j
catalogue with pleasure.

ROSES

FAIRFAX ROSES are widely known for theiij
exquisite beauty, deep fragrance of delicate re-t
finement — and long life.

Fairfax Rose plants are nurtured under natural condi j
tions — outdoors — wintered, and acclimated to all cli l
mates; tough canes and vigorous roots impart a hardi
ness to Fairfax plants which assures thriving growth any-
where, and a full, free and beauteous bloom the firsi
season.

New Fairfax Rose Book Free

Send for new Rose-Book, containing beautiful illustra
tions and descriptions of roses — ROYAL ROSES OF
PURITY AND BEAUTY — with valuable facts on grow- }
ing roses.

W. R. GRAY

Box 6 Oakton, Fairfax County Virginian

Plants

Will produce a full crop of berries next June, if
planted this summer

DREER’S

MID-SUMMER

CATALOGUE

Offers the best varieties and gives full directions for planting;
also offers Celery and Cabbage Planls, seasonable Vegetable,
Flower and Farm Seeds, potted Hardy Perennials, etc. Write
for a free copy and kindly mention this publication.

HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

Plan Your Wild Garden

During the Summer Months

YOU will save time, trouble and expense
by getting everything ready for Fall
planting before September first. A good
time to start is right now.

Decide where you will locate your Wild-
Flower Sanctuary or rock garden, or bog
garden. Clean out the dead wood, bram-
bles and rubbish. Note what ferns and
flowering plants grow on or near your place
now. Send for our unusual Catalogue. It
will tell you of other beautiful, easily-grown
things you should have. Put your prob-
lems up to us. Don’t hesitate to write me
and ask for advice. It will be given promptly
and without charge.

Edward Gillett,

Fern and Flower Farm
3 Main St., Southwick, Mass.

Herbert Durand, Representative
286 Fifth Avenue, New York C ty

ikilbs, Jlarbp plants! anbg>f)nib£f

SPECIALTIES :• 1

Gladioli, dahlias. Peonies, I ris and roses

fl. 3. Jballauer, (Ontario, IBapne Co., fL. D.

Become a LANDSCAPI

Prepare by mall _____ __

for this uncrowded ARCHITECT

profession — _____

Inexpensive. Easy to master. Large income. Diploma award!
Special proposition to HOME OWNERS and Plan tor beam
tying your property. Write to-day. L. W. Fisk, President.

AMERICAN LANDSCAPE SCHOOL, 27-M, Newark, New Yc

ANDORRA.

Ornamentals exclusively
distinctive in quality and
variety for street, park
and all civic planting
6[Ve cater to the most
discriminating trade.

Have you seen ANDORRA?

lave a Beautiful Blooming Garden

We are growers and importers of the choice
varieties. Over 600 varieties of Irises.

RAINBOW GARDENS

701-2 Commerce Bldg., St. Paul, Minn,
end for our F R E E i 1 1 u s t r a t e d catalogue

from April until October

by planting our reliable

Irises, Peonies
*nd Gladioli

:RIS AND PEONIES!

Too busy to write an ad. this month
Glad to send price list
leorge N. Smith, Wellesley Hills 82, Mass.

The Garry - nee - Dule Strain \

IRIS and PHLOX

While we do not claim to be specialists in these two most $
popular hardy plants, we grow them as a matter of course. 5
Our list will be found modest when compared with some i
you will get, but so will your choice be easy. The fact that ^
wc grow many thousands of them enables us to make modest $
prices. $

Iris will be ready for delivery in August; Phlox in Sep- s
tember. Orders welcomed now. $

Please ask for our illustrated Catalogue “Hardy Plants for ^
the Home Garden.” Not as large as some other lists but inter- $
esting enough to deserve your attention. Gladly mailed free. $
Let's get acquainted. 5

W. A. TOOLE, Garry-nec-Dule Baraboo, Wis. :

ORCHIDS

Largest importers and growers of
Orchids in the United States

Send twenty-five cents for catalogue. This amount will be refunded
on your first order.

LAGER & HURRELL

Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J.

|

NFW “ JUPITER »

11 L-i VV Ball Bearing Double Rotary \

SPRINKLER !

1

The Sprinkler Par Excellence for
Large Lawns, Vegetable Gardens, Golf Links, |
Parks, Cemeteries, Nurseries

SAVES: Time, Labor, Hose

and works better. Retail price $12.50.

W. SCHAUMANN 31LGat°ue, wJihT |

|

"choice.!*8 PEONIES

Including all the New and Rare Varieties

Le Cygne, Kelway’s Glorious, Solange, Therese,
La France, Martha Bulloch, Tourangelee, Mme.
Jules Dessert, Primevere, Rosa Bonheur, Eliz-
abeth Barrett Browning, Longfellow, M. M.
Cahuzac, Loveliness, Enchanteresse, Jubilee, etc.

New catalogue ready July 1st, free

IRIS — My Rainbow Collection for $5.00

25 named varieties including Monsignor, Rhein Nixe, Dal-
matica, Nibelungen, etc.

D. W. C. RUFF, Globe Bldg., St. Paul, Minn.

STRAWBERRY PLANTS ^rdSu Fan

planting. Pot-grown and runner plants that will bear fruit
next summer. RASPBERRY, BLACKBERRY, DEW-
BERRY, GOOSEBERRY, CURRANT and GRAPE plants,
Roses and Shrubs for fall planting. Cauliflower, Brussels
Sprouts, Celery, Cabbage, Salvia, Aster, Pansy and Snapdragon
plants for planting now. Catalogue free.

HARRY A. SQUIRES Good Ground, N. Y.

Zua — A Ruffled Iris

Falls and Standards like Canton-crepe with ruffled edges.
Light lavender, large flower, very fragrant The first
to bloom. 16 to 18 inches in height. $3.00 per root.

Mrs. Wm. Crawford

Grower of Fine Iris

1602 Indiana Ave. La Porte, Indiana

340

The Garden Magazine, July

lit

AUGUST PLANTING

Of Conifers (Cone-bearing Trees) and Broad-leaf Evergreens ( Rhododen-
drons, etc.), saves a year’s time!

THE CAROLINA HEMLOCK

The rarest and most beautiful American
Evergreen

Prof. Sargent, Director of the Arnold Arbore-
tum says: “The handsomest of the Hemlocks
which can be grown in Massachusetts and one
of the most beautiful trees in the Arboretum
is **** Tsuga caroliniana.”

“Its dense dark foliage, sweeping, semi-pendu-
lous branches, and eventually pyramidal form
combine to give a distinctive charm not known
in other evergreens. Extremely hardy and
adaptable to city conditions. Unrivaled as a
single specimen, in groups or for large mass
effects. As a Hedge Plant, Carolina Hemlock
may be sheared readilyand cannotbetoohighly
recommended for this use.”

Prices of Carolina Hemlock

Each 10 100

12to 18 in. XXX transplanted, bushy, B&B $150 $14 00 $132 00
18lo24in. “ “ “ “ 2 25 20 00 180 CO

2 to 3 ft. “ “ " “ 3.50 30 00 270 00

3 to 4 ft “ “ “ “ 6.00 50.00 450 00

All arc perfect specimens, balled and burlapped. IB & B).

H undreds of thousands of Specimen Evergreens to select
from at my Boxford Nursery, East Boxford, P. O., Mass.

Address, HARLAN P. KELSEY, Owner Kelsey s Hardy American Plants Salem. Mass.

THE CAROLINA HEMLOCK. At ARNOLD ARBORETUM
Photo by Harlan P. Kelsey, yune 9, 192/

Send for August planting list and “ The Successful
Rhododendron Bed

Sk

IF] IMP SOAP

* Spray

<Sure Insect Killer

IMP Soap Spray is a scientifically prepared
compound that is destructive to insects with-
out injuring plants or roots. Does not spot
leaves, fruit, grass or deface paint work. May
be used on fruit trees; shade trees; flowering
shrubs; vines; garden truck; and on all sorts
of plants, both under glass and out of doors.

It is most effective against rose bug; mill bug*
white, black, green and rhododendron fly; red
spider; thrips ; aphis; fruit pests; elm leaf
beetle and moths. Very economical, one gallon
is mixed with 25 to 40 gallons of water. Full
directions on each can. Order direct if your
dealer cannot supply.

Pint can $ .50

Quart can .75

Gallon can 2.25

5 Gallon can 10.00

10 „ „ 18.00

F. E. ATTEAUX & CO., Inc.

1 76 Purchase St.
BOSTON MASS.

3107

EVERGREENS

Evergreens planted in August become well-established before
freezing weather. Hardy Perennials planted in September
will give perfect results next year. Write for fall catalogue.

DO

Home of Welt- Grown Evergreens' 1
BOX A TARRYTOWN NEW YORK

tOSEDALE

The Summer Edition

of

“My Garden Favorites

“ The Masterpiece
of all Seedbooks”

A free copy will be mailed to you.
Containing a complete listing of
Holland Bulbs, for direct import,
Summer Vegetable and Flower
Seeds, and Strawberry plants.

MAURICE FULD, Inc.

/' Plantsmen — Seedsmen

7 West 45th Street
New York

SOME NOTES FROM THE

AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY

COME of the recent activities of the Americ
^ Rose Society seem of sufficient general s U
nificance to pass on to our readers. The sec :
tary, Mr. Wister, reports a pilgrimage in eai
June to the garden of Dr. Walter Van Fleet ft
Bell, Md., “to inspect the many new and beau ^
ful Rose hybrids, which are to be disseminat:
through the offices of The American Rose S
ciety and its Nurserymen members.

“The chief interest centred in the RosejvJ-'
C. 124, which is to be officially christened ‘Ma ,
Wallace’ at the Portland Rose Festival in Ju
and which is to be disseminated in the fall of 19 ,,
and spring of 1923. Of great interest also we }j
W. H. T. 237, W. S. 18, and many others whii
were covered with blossoms despite the unfavc j’
able season and which it is hoped may be disseir

nated in the future under similar arrangemeni

“Plans for the propagation and disseminatii
of the Rose ‘Mary Wallace’ (Van Fleet W. 1
124) were perfected and announcements ha’
been sent to all Nurserymen who are believed «
be interested in participating in the propagatic 1
of this Rose under the conditions drawn up by tl
U. S. Department of Agriculture and The Arne
ican Rose Society. Chief among such cona-
tions are propagation in time to allow dissemin^!
tion in fall of 1922 and spring of 1923, and til
selling of the resulting plants at $2.ooeach, payi
to The American Rose Society a royalty on ea
plant sold during the first selling year. A
rose-growing member who issues a retail cat
logue and who has not received the official ail
nouncement and blank contract may secui"
these by writing the Secretary’s office at one)
A deposit of $50.00 is required with each contrai
as an evidence of good faith. Applicatior
will not be accepted after July 1st.

“There was a long discussion on the policy of th
Society in regard to the registration of Rose^
having names either identical or similar to Rose"
previously introduced; and it was voted that th
Executive Committee should have authority t ,
refuse registration in such cases.”

Mr. Wister also reports the re-election (for on s
year) of the following officers: President, Robet •
Pyle; Vice-President, F. L. Atkins; Treasurei [
C. H. Totty; Secretary, John C. Wister. L

The directors re-elected (for three years) arer

l.

J. H. Dunlop, W. R. Pierson, Robert Simpson.

The following Rose has been offered for regis
tration by Albert F. Amling Co. and passed upon

by the Registration Committee: Name— Silvf*

i ;

Parentage 0

Wedding. Class — Hybrid Tea.
rose — Ophelia Sport. Description — Habit of plan)
- — same as Ophelia.

Character of foliage — Cream-colored foliage I
red tinge on young growths.

Freedom of growth and hardiness — Free grower!
Flower — Ophelia Flower.

Color — “ “

Form — “ “

-Sann

Fragrance and bud — Same as Ophelia.

Petalage — Same as Ophelia.

Freedom of bloom and lasting quality-
as Ophelia.

The rose is similar to Ophelia but is different ir
foliage and superior for the following reason: onh
Rose on the market having this very distinctive
and pretty foliage.

e Garden Magazine, July, 1921

341

Peonies and Iris

All the newest European and American introductions

Highest awards from American Peony and
American Iris Societies in 1920

We publish a book of convenient size and
shape, giving full and accurate descriptions.
It gives the latest symposium ratings of
the American Peony Society; detailed
drawings, illustrating various types of
Peonies and Iris; concise cultural direc-
tions; advice in selection of varieties; and
other valuable and interesting information.

The Peony Section was compiled by
Mr. James Boyd and the Iris Section by
Mr. John C. Wister.

It will be forwarded to any address in the
United States or Canada upon receipt of
30 cents, which amount may be deducted
From remittance for first order sent to us
after receipt of book.

Price list free on request

MOVILLA GARDENS

Haverford, Pa.

The French ‘Binders

A ll the resources of French bind-
ing, for your favorite books.
iuntry Life Fress — Garden City , N. T.

Superior PEONIES

With its wealth of coloring, form and fragrance, the Peony is the
favorite early spring flower. No better Peonies were ever grown than
those introduced by George Hollis, and I am offering about fifty named
varieties originated by him and direct from his original stock, together
with many other well known varieties.

My new Fall Catalogue will tell you all about the Best Peonies, Iris,
Hyacinths, Crocus, Narcissi and Phlox. Let me send you a copy.

Hollis Peony, Welcome Guest, $5.00 each.

J. K. ALEXANDER, World's Largest Dahlia Grover. 27-29 Central St., East Bridgewater, Mass.

“The Dahlia King”

GARDENER WANTED

A working foreman gardener who understands trees,
shrubs, and wiid flowers and their care, to work him-
self with several men under him, under direction of a
superintendent, on Long Island. Year around work.
State age, family, and experience in this line only, and
wages expected. Address Box 1 30, Garden Magazine,
Garden City, Long Island.

let That “Pesky”
Dandelion!

The Wonder Dandelion Digger shown to left
does the work thoroughly and quickly without
strain or damage to hands or clothes. The
V-shaped blade cuts the roots; the fork pulls
the plant, roots, top and all.

These 2 Handy $ ^ ^00
Garden Helps p„5,p’~

To further popularize Gilson Garden Tools
we will deliver to any Garden Magazine
Reader The Wonder Dandelion Weeder and
one 5-point Gilson Scratch Weeder (handy
for work around flower teds, frames, etc.)
for One Dollar Postpaid. When order-
ing, please mention this Special Offer!

Special Booklet on how to grew
Belter Crops through Cultivation
gladly mailed FREE.

J. E. Gilson Co.

101 Valley St., Port Washington, Wis.

IRIS

|

We offer for the first time varieties produced by

Bliss, Morrison, Sturtevant, and Williamson.
Also the best of the old.

The Glen Road Iris Gardens
Grace Sturtevant, Prop.
Wellesley Farms,

mson.

sns

Mass. I

A Charming Birdbath

of Artificial Stone
fifteen inches square, three
inches thick, hollowed out
round, two and one half
inches deep in centre slop-
ing to three-eighths at edge. Inexpensive, Practical, Artistic.

Price, $2.50. Three for $6.75, f. o. b. Verona.

Verona Bird Houses. Send for List.

W. H. BAYLES, 22 Park Ave. Verona, New Jersey

YWJR plant resources, comprising
over 800 cultivated acres, enable
us to assure you that no matter what
your planting plans call for in

Trees Shrubs
Evergreens or
Perennials

We can fill any requirements to
your maximum satisfaction. Write
for our catalogue.

*' Successful for over a century"
AMERICAN NURSERIES
Singer Building New York

Peony Garden Notes

Would you like to know more
about Peonies?

We have over Eight Hundred varie-
ties growing in our Gardens, the finest
of which sell at from Five Dollars to
One Hundred Dollars for a single root.

Our GARDEN NOTES published
monthly from June until October tell
both the good and the poor qualities
of these expensive varieties.

We are glad to send our GARDEN
NOTES on request free to all Peony
Enthusiasts in the United States and
Canada.

LEE R, BONNEWITZ

Washington S-., VAN WERT, OHIO

342

TOWNSEND’S TRIPLEX

Floats Over the Uneven Ground
as a Ship Rides the Waves

One mower may be climbing a knoll, the
second skimming a level, and the third paring
a hollow. Drawn by one horse and operated
by one man, the TRIPLEX will mow more
lawn in a day than the best motor mower
ever made; cut it better and at a fraction
of the cost.

Drawn by one horse and operated by one man, it will
mow more lawn in a day than any three ordinary horse-
drawn mowers with three horses and three men.

Does not smash the grass to earth and plaster it in the
mud in springtime, neither does it crush the life out of
the grass between hot rollers and hard, hot ground in
summer, as does the motor mower.

Write /or catalogue illustrating all types of Lawn Mowers

S. P. TOWNSEND & CO.

248 Glenwood Avenue Bloomfield, N. J.

Suitable Designs of Iron Fence and
Gates for town houses, suburban homes,
country estates and all other properties.

We invite correspondence with those
who are interested. Estimates furnished.

The Stewart Iron Works Co., Inc.

“The World’ s Greatest Iron Fence Builders"
220 Stewart Block, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Sales and Construction Representatives
in Principal Cities.

WRITE FOR BOOK OF DESIGNS.

.=

VUDOR SHADES are attractive sun filters
— taking the glare and heat away yet leav-
ing the cool sun-flecked shadow as inviting as
that in a vine-covered arbor.

Secluded from view from without yet with per-
fect vision of passers-by, Vudor Shaded porches
make delightful spots to entertain or lounge in.
Unlike canvas drops, which admit heat and are
quickly soiled, Vudor Shades are made of wood
slats beautifully stained and always look well.
The Vudor Patented Ventilator woven in the
top of each shade makes any porch breezy, cool
and comfortable.

Send for illustrations in colors
and name of your local dealer.

HOUGH SHADE CORPORATION

270 Mills Street Janesville, Wis.

SELF-HANGING

Vudor

VENTILATING PORCH SHADES

EDGE YOUR LAWN

quickly — easily — cheaply — the new way with a

MILLER LAWN and GARDEN EDGER

It makes a clean, smooth cut, about an inch and a quirler
wide and from an inch to about two inches deep. It is
simple, adjustable, durable and practically in-
destructible. The knife is made of carbon steel,
hardened and tempered in form and is easily
removed to sharpen. Indispensable for
trimming around the edge of flowei
beds, or sides of hedges. By revers-

GREENS

TREES AND PLANTS

Everything for Garden and Orchard

SYRACUSE, the best red raspberry grown to-day, CACO,
a wonderful, large red grape. HONEYS WEET, a new black-
cap raspberry and ROCHESTER peach, are fine producers.

Trees True to Name. Apple, peach, pear, cherry, nut and
shade trees. Strawberry plants, raspberry, blackberry, goose-
berry and currant bushes, vines, shrubs, roses and orna-
mentals. Best varieties. 40 years’ producing better plants.
Buy direct. Save money.

Our illustrated catalogue free

GREEN’S NURSERY CO., Box 7, Rochester, N.Y.

1 RISE S

Three Superfine trios, suitable for locations not subject to
too severe winters.

Pallida Dalmatica, var. Princess Beatrice, Souv. Mme. de
Guadichau, and Kashmir White, net $15.00, Crusader, Ricar-
dii fonce and Mme. Durrand, net $10.00. Caterina, Lever-
rier, and Mile. Schwartz, net $15.00. Good, strong roots,
postpaid at prices quoted. Many others in our new price list.
The Dean Iris Gardens, Moneta, California

At Last! A Perfect

POWER CULTIVATOR

For truck gardens and all small tracts

Gardeners. Truck Growers, Florists, Estate Owners, ap-
preciate the Motor Macultivator. Not an experiment but a
thoroughly practical machine. Tested by 2 years* actual use
before putting on the market. Light enough to handle easily.
Heavy enough to cultivate thoroughly in all soils under any

ABSOLUTELY AND
, FULLY GUARANTEED

conditions. Guaranteed
to do
the

work of
four men with
hand tools and not
to injure the smallest
plants. Air-cooled engine
prevents overheating in
hottest weather,

Wrile for 10-Day Trial Offer
Try the Macultivator on your
own crops. Use it for 10 days,
not all we claim, money re-
funded. Whether you have
had experience with a power
cultivator or not, learn more
about this great machine.

The Motor Macultivator Co.
1310 Dorr St. Toledo, Ohio

DEALERS— Write for
interesting proposition.

Price

$195

complete

Summer Course In Horticulture

The School of Horticulture for Women, Ambler, Pa. J
(18 miles from Philadelphia) offers an August Course in P
Floriculture, Vegetable Gardening, Fruit Growing and Canning!
and Preserving. Practical work out of doors forms a large part j
of the schedule. Teachers will be especially interested in this I
course. Circular upon application.

ELIZABETH LEIGHTON LEE, Director .

WANTED

Two copies of February, 1905, Garden Magazine ,
If you have this issue and wish to dispose of it
please communicate with the Editor, Gardei
Magazine, Garden City, N. Y.

THE comedies and tragedies and daily life o:
the birds, fascinatingly told by Gene Stratton
Porter, and profusely illustrated with photograph
taken by the author, each of which represents at
adventure.

Net, $2.00. At all bookstores

HOMING

WITH THE BIRDS

By Gene Stratton- Porter

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

AWAY WITH THE CESSPOOL:

Secure all the sanitary comforts of a
city building.

The Aten Sewage Disposal Sys-
tem allows continuous use of wash-
stands, bathtubs, toilets, sinks,
showers, etc. Simple to install,

nothing to get out of order.

Our booklet ^_rr'

No. 11 tells
how and.. ,
why. Sent SC5

free upon ' * Aten

request. Sewage Disposal Co.

286 Fifth Ave., New York City

tie Garden Magazine, July, 1921

343

HOME ATTRACTIONS

Suitable and Suggestive for Beautifying
Home Grounds with

Pergolas, Rose Arbors, Lattice Fences,
Garden Houses and Garden Accessories

Our illustrated catalogue contains just the
things required to lend cheer and pleasure to
the surroundings of home.

(When writing enclose
ioc and ask for catalogue
“H-33”)

Hartmann-Sanders Co.

Factory, Showroom
and Main Office:

2155-87 Elston Ave.
Chicago, 111.
Eastern Office and
Showroom:

6 East 29th Street
New York City

SUNDIALS

Real Bronze Colonial Designs
From $4.50 Up
Memorial Tablets

Also other garden requisites
Manufactured by

The M. D. JONES CO.
Concord Jet., Mass.

Send for illustrated Catalogue

—YOUR GARDEN YEAR

i really helpful seed catalogue. We will
gladly send it to you without cost.

:dward T Bromfield Seed Co.

GARDEM CITY - MEW YORK

Your Dealer Can Supply You

\phine. It is the safest form of “insect insurance."
The best remedy known for green, black, white fly,
thrips and soft scale. Easily applied— Effective,
rungine. For rust, mildew and all sorts of blights,
/ermine. Sure eradicator for insects affecting plant
roots.

APHINE MANUFACTURING CO.
ladison New Jersey

Don’t Wear
a Truss

Brooks’ Appliance, the

modern scientific invention, the
wonderful new discovery that
relieves rupture, will be sent
on trial. No obnoxious springs
or pads. mr. c. e. brook:

Brooks’ Rupture Appliance

Has automatic Air Cushions. Binds and
draws the broken parts together as you would
a broken limb. No salves. No lies. Durable,
cheap. Sent on trial to prove it. Protected by
U. S. patents. Catalog and measure blanks
mailed free. Send namf and address today.
Brooks Appliance Co.,Z75H State St., Marshall, Mich.

H

I Rain When Abu Want It I

I

Luther Burbank Says:

It Has Everywhere
Given Satisfaction

E. P. Norwood, of Del Valle. Texas, wanted to be sure he
was getting the very best possible watering device, before
buying a Skinner System equipment for his garden.

He sent out a questionnaire, one of which came to Luther
Burbank, the Plant Wizard of California.

Here are Mr. Norwood’s questions and Burbank’s answers.
They will convince you. We can ship at once.

“I am thinking of installing a Skinner System of Irriga-
tion. and would appreciate some information as to its
merits and successful operation.

Please point out to me. its defects or merits, from a user’s
standpoint.’’

Answer: It has no defects: is perfect, and has everywhere
given satisfaction.

I have used it extensively for ten years.

“Have the Systems you know of, been a success or not ?’*
Answer: Everywhere.

You will like it. A water and time saver. Think
I would quit business if I could not have Skinner
System.

(Signed) Luther Burbank,

Santa Rosa, Cal.

Send us the size of your plot and we will make suggestions
for how best to water it.

The Skinner Irrigation Co.

219 S. Water St.

CKINNER

CJystem

Or IRRIOATIO

Troy, Ohio

IRIS

Over 100 varieties to choose from. Our plants have
made a wonderful growth the past season.

May we not send you our booklet.

RANSOM FARM GARDENS
Geneva Ohio

Wouldn’t It Be Delightful-

Next winter to have that garden which
you are enjoying so much now? The
coming of Fall need only mean concen-
trating your favorite flowers and vege-
table plants in your under-glass garden.

Callahan Sectional Greenhouses

Are designed especially for the home —
small sizes for city residences and larger
ones for suburban homes. They are
creations of beauty and serviceableness
which anyone, without expert skill, can
erect in a few hours.

Successful Gardens Assured

Callahan greenhouses create ideal grow-
ing conditions. The side walls are in-
sulated by the “dead air" cell method.
All wood parts are Red Cypress. The
roof supports are iron posts and pipe
purlins.

You profit from savings
effected by factory produc-
tion and the elimination of
erection expenses. Write to-
day for your cony of the

NEW GREENHOUSE
BOOK.

T. J. CALLAHAN CO.

27 S. Canal St., Dayton, Ohio

France Sends Us

For August and September Planting

Lilium Candidum

“Lily of France' or Madonna Lily

The lily par excellence for HARDINESS,
fragrance and beauty. Blooms June-July.
Planted with blue Delphiniums or Rose and
Lilac early Larkspur forms a picture of tran-
scendent beauty. We pride ourselves on
the SUPERIOR QUALITY of our bulbs.
Strong and vigorous.

NOTE:

Our Price Includes Delivery

Selected $ .90 $3.00 $12.50
Monster 1.25 4.00 15.00
In July and August,

| Sow Your Hardy
Perennial Seeds

g Rare Poppies “Pearls of the
H Orient” Radiant fluted silken
§[ petals in Flesh, Rose,. Lilac and
m Mauve shades. Pkt. 50c., trial
| I5c.

jj Pyrethrum “Cactus Flowered”
g Petals quilled and twisted. Pkt.
g 50c , trial 15c.

M Scutellaria Coerulea. New

M Perennial from Siberia Long
§t racemes of RARE Heavenly
g Blue — Very floriferous. Pkt.

J SOc., trial pkt. 25c.

| The three trial pkts ., 50c.

\ We list these and many other
M NOV ELTIES in Seeds, various
g BULBS, Daffodils, Tulips, Hy-
g acinths, LILIES, etc., in our
| UNIQUE Fall Bulb Book—
g Ready JULY 20th.

| H. H. Berger & Co.

Established 44 years

1 70 Warren Street New York

Oil KBIM flUflf -I > ■ Ti lliiilillh iiilUIIiUiill!l :ill,iil>iiii>ii ■

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiimiiijiiiiil

344

The Garden Magazine, July, 1921

Traae Mark Reg. U.S.Pat. Off.

Buffalo” Portable Fencing System

Dog Kennel No. 4 Poultry House for 200 hens — 5 units No. 3 Poultry House for 30 hens

Convenience and economy are assured by Hodgson producing freely. Contain special features which
Poultry Houses. They are simple and easy to erect— save you time, trouble and labor.

afford exactly the right shelter and sanitary living Write for illustrated catalogue showing Hodgson

conditions to keep your poultry in good health and Poultry Houses for every requirement.

L]nr\P CAM Portable E. F. Hodgson Co., Room 311, 71-73 Federal St.

1 IVyLrVliJvrlt HOUSES Boston, Mass. 6 East 39th St., New York City.

Established 1810

GALMDWAY
POTtER.'T

FOR GARDEN &. INTERIOR

f

Send 10tt in stamps for Catalogue
of Bird Baths. Flower Vases. Boxes.
Sun Dials. GazingGlobes Benches
and other interesting pieces in
durable Terra Cotta.

Gaiiowat' Terra CoTta Cq

32 14 WALNUT ST PHILADELPHIA

^ii!iiiii[iiiiuiiniii[niifuinnii[iiniiiiiiiiiiiniiMiimmimiiiiiiiiiiiui!iiiiinniiiiiiiiiii!iiimnniiinimii(iiiiiiiiiiiniiimiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiniiiiniiiii[iiiiiniii!iiuiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiini!iiinrininnM

Outdoor Tennis Courts, Usable Summer and
Winter, for Less Than One Thousand Dollars

No Upkeep Cost Required

Soilamies Solves Hard Court Cost Problem

Let us tell you more about the revolutionary method of
hard court construction.

Four courts now being built by us for Cvnwyd Club, at
Cynwyd, near Philadelphia.

Tennis courts and all forms of athletic fields built, re-
constructed and maintained at prices that defy competition.

Inexpensive kiddie courts built on restricted
areas.

BASSFORD CONSTRUCTION CO.

461 Eighth Avenue New York |

iiiiBiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinmiiiniiiinniiinHimiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiimmiiiiiiiiiiinniinnnniiiTniiunnniiniiTininmninminniniiTiminnuiiriiiiiuuiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiui^

THE LIGHT BRAHMA

FOR THE COUNTRY ESTATE

Is the Largest and Most Beautiful of All Breeds, Unsurpassed as an Ornamen-
tal Feature and Unexcelled as a Combination Egg Laying and a Table Fowl

The high quality of my birds was again demonstrated at Madison Square Garden, January,
1921, by winning 1st Cock, 2nd and 4th Hen, 4th Cockerel, 2nd Pullet, 1st and 4th Old
Pen and 2nd Young Pen. At Philadelphia, The American Light Brahma Club National
Meeting, I won 2nd on Cock, 1st and 4th Hen, 5th Cockerel, 1st Pullet, 1st, 4th and 5th
on Pen, and 3 Specials, and Cups. At Syracuse, N. Y., the Premier of all state shows and
in strong competition, they were awarded First, Second, and Third Cock; First and Second
Hen; First, Second, and Third Cockerel; First and Second Pullet; First and Second Old
Pen; First and Second Young Pen; Special for Best Display, and other specials. At Tren-
ton. N. J., Hanover, Pa., and Mineola, L. I., I won more points than any other exhibitor.
Send for folder telling about them. Stock for sale and eggs in season.

C. W. EVERITT HUNTINGTON, LONG ISLAND

Reference: Nassau County Trust Co.. Mineola. L. I. BulT Cochin Ranlaim — At Madison Square Garden,
1921, I won 2nd, and 5th Cock, 1st and 2nd Hen, 2nd and 4th Cockerel, 2nd and 3rd Pullet.

QUALITY IN SWEET CORN

k

:

FOR many years sweet corn having yellow-
colored grains was an outcast, ignored or
despised because of its suggested relationship with
the plebeian field corn. Represented by the 1
single variety, Golden Bantam, it was scarcely
known and rarely appreciated.

The introduction of yellow kinds of sweet corn
is now assuming the proportions of a craze and ^
it may be opportune to inquire whether or not
there is any intrinsic merit in color itself. Fash-
ions in flowers may be all right, but must we have .
fads in colors of vegetables also? How soon be-
fore white-grained corn will be considered passed
This revolution in gardening has resulted from
the fact that Golden Bantam corn possessed
certain qualities of sweetness and tenderness not
found in any other variety. As soon as this was
fully appreciated there was a veritable race to
change over all the well tried and trustworthy
varieties of sweet corn into yellow sorts. The
excuse has been that Golden Bantam ears are too
small and the plants are not productive enough.
We have, therefore, many hybrid offspring from
Golden Bantam, combined with Howling Mob,
Evergreen, Country Gentleman and a host of
others, having seeds of golden shade and names
with aureate connotation.

The size of ear desired is a matter of indi-
vidual preference. As one who enjoys his corn
on the cob, an ear of mammoth and ungainly
proportions suggests to me the hog trough.
Outside of a restaurant, I would say that small
size of ear is more to be desired than cen-
sured and no true gardner would ever order sweet
corn in a restaurant anyway. Productiveness
is another thing. What a plant lacks in size it
may make up in numbers. However, Golden
Bantam is deficient in yielding powers, but I
think that this is in a measure, unavoidable. The
tough and stringent fruits and vegetables are
strong growers and hardy. The riotous and
rampant flowers are usually crude in form and
lacking in fragrance. Many would not trade the
daintiness and perfume of the Sweet-pea for the
bold beauty of the Dahlia. High quality goodl
come in small packages. Some talk glibly o^
combining the hardiness and productiveness of
the Ben Davis or York Imperial with the delicacy
and flavor of a Macintosh or Snow apple, but
they forget that the tough cell walls and low sugar
content are essential for ability to endure un-
favorable situations and for disease resistance!
It is evident that high quality can be secured
only by a sacrifice of something, usually yield. I
So it is, I believe, with Golden Bantam sweet
corn. That which makes it rich and tender
prevents it from being vigorous and productive.

1 have no unfavorable criticism for the numerous
yellow-grained sweet corns now on the markets
Many of them are good and deserve to be tried '
and grown. But to expect that their yellowt
badge of honor alone will insure their havings
Golden Bantam excellence is without foundation. ij
And if the pursuit of greater size and yield causes '
this one really good sweet corn to be neglected,
it will indeed be a misfortune. Probably we will
have better varieties than theoriginalyellow sweet
corn from the standpoint of quality, if they are
not already in existence, but this will not come
until size and yield are put secondary.

D. F. Jones, New Haven, Conn.

blow then, let's
til plan for more
t TRA W BERRIES

NATURE’S greatest garden gift among fruits; red,
juicy, delicious berries, with the aroma of rare
old wine; berries by the quart, right out of your own
garden; berries early and late, fall-bearing sorts clear
up to late fall — that’s the promise we make to Garden-
Magazine Readers who act NOW and let us book
orders for shipment during July and August.

You gain practically a year’s time by setting out plants during
the summer. And you are assured success and bumper crops next
year if you start with

Lovett’s Pot-groum Plants for

Midsummer Planting

Sturdy, well-rooted plants that you can set right into your garden without chancing a loss, the
type of plants that have earned us the reputation of America’s foremost Strawberry specialists.
The demand for Strawberry plants promises to be extraordinary, so please order early. Those
who do not know us as yet will favor us by asking for our special midsummer catalogue.

For Fruit This Fall!

For Fruit Next Spring!

We offer sturdy, pot-grown plants tohich will bear fruit
this Fall from the following chosen varieties: Champion
Everbearing, Francis, Ideal, Lucky Boy, Progressive and
Superb. Lucky Boy and Champion Everbearing are new
Everbearing varieties which we recommend most heartily.
They show great improvement over the older varieties.
Francis, Ideal, Progressive and Superb are standard Everbear-
ing varieties that have proven their merit in American gardens.
We will send six of each (36 plants) for $3.75 or twelve of
each (72 plants) for $7.00.

We will send you the three wonderful Van Fleet Hybrids
which have produced such wonderful results throughout the
country: Early Jersey Giant, John H. Cook and Edmund
Wilson. All of these will bear fruit next June. Twelve of
each variety (36 pot-grown plants) for #3.50 or twenty-five
of each variety (75 pot-grown plants) for $6.50.

If you want larger and better Strawberries next Spring,
plant Lovett’s pot-grown Strawberry plants now. We offer
the largest and best collection of standard varieties in
America.

T. Lovett, Strawberry Specialist

Little Silver, New Jersey

Order Coupon

J. T. Lovett, Little Silver, New Jersey

Please send me

Amount enclosed for same

Name

Address

City

Stale

Garden Life

and

The Prudential

The Prud ential Insurance Company of America

Incorporated under the laws of the State of New Jersey

FORREST F. DRYDEN, President HOME OFFICE. NEWARK. N. J.

A Garden is not built in a hurry. It takes years before it reaches
the zenith of its usefulness. Your beloved ones are entitled to enjoy the full fruit of
your garden endeavors. In this The Prudential can help,

W e have a plan whereby, in consideration of regular payments during your life-
time, your family will be provided with a definite monthly income sufficient to
maintain The Garden Home.

An inquiry incurs no obligation but will enable us to explain the wisdom of
insuring against life’s contingencies.

© J . G. Shmvell

Prot ects Garden Homes

GARDEN MAKING stands
for plenty of exercise in the open.
GARDEIS REW ARDS stand for
an abundance of food that keeps
the body in condition.

A Prudential Plan That

Abundant exercise, fresh air and
correct food are the first requisites
to good health — and for that rea-
son The Prudential has always, and
will always regard its gardening patrons
among the very best kind of men and women
to insure.

THE COUNTRY ilFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK

City Gardens

Pools

Making New Plants

LVNN

HG'NT

■ >

L. XXXIII. NO. 6.

^oubleclay , T^age Company , - Qarden C^Vi York

You May Have This Book

for the Asking!

PEONIES FOR PLEASURE” will fittingly introduce you into the
wonderland of Peonies. It is not a catalogue but rather a treatise on
this most glorious perennial. Inspired by the flower itself, the late Mr. John
M. Good studied and made notes for years. The sum and substance of
his lifetime's experience (he was one of the Peony Pioneers) is given in this
little masterpiece of Peony literature and we want every G. M. reader to have
one. Will you write for it to-day so that it may prove helpful this season?

Two Suggestions for Those in Doubt
What to Plant

There are some varieties which are as essential to a Peony Garden as
seasoning is to food! Here are two selections bound to please both beginner
and connoisseur:

Five Floral Triumphs

One and all a triumph of the hybridizer’s skill.

Avalanche. Pure snow white.

Albert Crousse. Sea shell pink.

Asa Gray. Lilac, with salmon pink guard petals.

Modele de Perfection. Violet rose and flesh pink shades.
Monsieur Jules Elie. Lilac pink shading to rose.

Special

Offer

One of each of above five winners
will lie sent for

$5.00

Four Admiration Challengers

Every one guaranteed to make you feel proud you own it.

Marie Stuart. Soft white with lilac tints.

Couronne d’Or. The famous “Crown of Gold.”

Madame de Vatry. Lilac-white guard petals, sulphur white collar,
center str'ped carmine.

Marechal Valliant. Immense, light red, shaded mauve.

Special

Offer

One of each of four beautiful creations
will be sent for

$3.00

It will be a pleasure to book your orders at once for fall delivery, and
lie sure to ask for your copy of “Peonies for Pleasure.”

The Good & Reese Co. u,r*7S ,*7wZuw‘"

Springfield Dept. c. Ohio

“Geo. Washington”

$2.00 each

Plan NOW
to Plant
PEONIES

The best time to plant them for next year’s bloom is in
early September. But right now, while their glowing
glories are still vivid in your memory, is the time to
select them and to place your order.

All my life, I have admired this magnificent hardy perennial and while,
with me, the Dahlia will always rule supreme, yet seven years ago,
I bought the famous Hollis collection of Peonies and feel now that I
owe it to other garden lovers to tell them something more about
these new pets of mine and offer a few.

Fll Guarantee These to Please You

Three Famous Hollis Seedlings

George Washington. A large

flat, loose bloom of semi-rose type.
One of the brightest dark crimson
red varieties. Guards clear, collar
same as guards; center clear, uni-
form color. Stamens intermingled
with petals. Mid-season. $2.00
each.

L. W. Atwood. Medium globu-
lar, low crown type. Usually pure
white, with occasional crimson
fleck. Guards white; center cream-
white. Mid-season. $3.00 each.

Attraction. One of the very
finest of the Japanese type, termed
“Wonderful Glowing Suns” as
they are entirely distinct from the
other types, most of them have
cup-shaped guard petals, which
surround a mass of petaloids or
filamental petals, like a crown of
thorns. Crimson pink, with golden
center, but according to color
chart, the guards are clear tyrian
rose, center same color as guards,
tipped with yellow. Pleasant
fragrance. $2.00 each.

Special Offer: I shall supply one strong

root of each of above three for $5.00 postpaid.

Splendid Stocks of Irises, Phloxes, and Other Perennials

No matter what flower-gardening appetites GARDEN MAGAZINE
may raise in you, rest assured that I can help you to materialize your
wishes. My stocks of Iris and Phlox, while
not as extensive as that of Peonies, are
comprehensive along select lines. A constant
weeding out process has left me with the
choicest only in each line.

Please ask for my special catalogue of
plants and trees suitable for Fall planting.

J. K. Alexander

World's Largest Dahlia Grower

27-29 Central St. East Bridgewater, Mass. “The Dahl ia King”

le Garden Magazine, August, 1921

345

FORMAL CARDEN BORDERED WITH BOX-BARBERRY

Plant Service —

Choice Collection of Evergreens
for August Planting

You’ll find our stock of both broad-leafed and other Evergreens as
well-shaped and symmetrical as any in the country. Some of the
more unusual varieties are available in quantities and in specimen lots.
If California Privet has not proven hardy with you, it will pay you
to investigate the merits of Ibolium Privet — it is absolutely hardy
where California Privet winter-kills.

For Pools and Water Gardens,
formal and otherwise,

You’ll welcome

Box- Barberry

The new dwarf, compact form of Japan Barberry, so
ideally adapted for lining out formal gardens, pools,
walks, etc. Charming everywhere, equally adapted
for low hedging or as foreground specimen shrub.
Send for special booklet describing it in detail and
giving the opinions of others.

New Catalogue will gladly be mailed on request.

THE ELM CITY NURSERY CO.

WOODMONT NURSERIES, INC.

Near Yale Bowl Box 191, NEW HAVEN, CONN.

! 1 i 1

' ■ : N-

Evergreens, including broad leaf types, combine to make this
planting most attract:. e

Larkspur, Lilies and
Your Garden in June

The finest examples of gardening are the result of
long scheming and vision. June 1922 may seem a long
ways off and yet we can help you to one of the most
charming sights in your next June garden if you will
act NOW.

Madonna Lilies and Totty’s Delphiniums

The Great June Combination

Plant a half dozen clumps of Totty’s Delphiniums for a back-
ground and a dozen Madonna Lilies in the foreground. If, by good
fortune, you have a few upright Evergreens against which to plant
this combination, then indeed will you have a beauty spot of extra-

6 Field-grown Clumps of Delphiniums,

Totty’s Hybrids, and
12 Mammoth-size Madonna Lilies

will be sent prepaid, for $7.00. Half of
above quantities for $3.75.

Please order NOW. for delivery after September 15th
Madonna Lilies promise to be scarce .

Totty’s Fall Guide to Perennial Garden Joys

A new departure in our endeavors to further popularize the fall planting of per-
ennial gardens. In addition to the choicest among hardy plants, it offers a select
line of Tulips, Daffodils and other Dutch Bulbs— all of the Totty Standard of Qual-
ity. If not on our records as a customer, will you kindly request a copy of our
Fall Guide at once?

CHARLES H. TOTTY COMPANY

MADISON NEW JERSEY

ordinary character.

Special

Offer:

346

The Garden Magazine, August, 1 ;

A Cross Road at Rosedale Nurseries

Plant a Tree.'

Evergreens in August

WHEN the waning summer begins to hint of autumn,
then is the ideal time to plant evergreens.

Rosedale Roots have a reputation for fitting themselves snugly
into new soils so as to pass the winter safely. This is largely
due to the custom I have persistently followed, even through
the years of highest- priced labor, of frequently transplanting
the trees. This transplanting causes Rosedale Trees to form
compact root systems of great vigor. '

Rosedale Evergreens include over 7c varieties — many in sizes
which will produce immediate effects.

My catalogue will aid you in making happy selections from a
stock as varied as any in the Empire State.

Peonies Are Still My Hobby

For more than twenty years, I have been growing and selecting
peonies. When the big blooms begin to open, the Peony beds
become the most attractive spot in the Nurseries. I then spend
hours and days among my pets, learning to know them indi-
vidually.

I have taken the utmost pains to keep them pure; to avoid
synonyms and to exclude inferior varieties and varieties of
doubtful authenticity.

If you love Peonies, you will be interested in my Peony Cata-
logue. It also lists choice Irises and other Hardy Perennials.

S. G. Harris, Peony Specialist

pOSEDALE \TURSERIE

The Home of Well- Grown Evergreens*’

Tarry town

Box A

New York

THEGARDEN

MAGAZINE

CONTENTS

COVER DESIGN: WOOD DUCKS AND IRIS

Lynn Bogus Hunt

INTRODUCING LIFE IN THE WATER GARDEN

PAGE

• 351

THE OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES PINE (Pinus strobus) - - - 352
Photograph by E. H. Lincoln

MADONNA LILIES (Lilium candidum) - - - ■
Photograph by courtesy of Mrs. C. R. Elwood

353

PLANTING THE POOL IN NATURE'S MANNER

Robert Wheelwright 354
Photographs and plans supplied by the author

IF YOU KEEP FISH IN THE LILY POOL - - John T. Nichols 357
Photographs by Mattie E. Hewitt, Dr. C. H. Townsend and Dr.

E. Bade

FAVORITES FOR EVERGREEN EFFECTS - - - Henry Wild 361
PLANTING IRIS AND OTHER THINGS IN AUGUST .... 363

GREEN SYMBOLS Mark Daniels 364

Photographs supplied by the author

SCREEN PLANTING FOR QUICK EFFECT
Photographs and plans by the author

Norman K. Morse 369

POOL AND ROCKERY OF MRS. LOUIS S. LEVY 370

Photographs by Florence Kepner and Roger B. Whitman

THE NEW CRAFT OF MAKING PLANTS TO ORDER

J. L. Collins 372

Photographs supplied by the author

THE OLD GARDENS OF PENNSYLVANIA, X— COMPTON

ARBORETUM - -- -- -- -- - John W. Harsbberger 374
Photographs by Roger B. Whitman

THE GARDEN INDOORS AND OUT, IV— IN THE CITY GAR-
DEN ------ Leonard Barron and Lucyjimbury Hubbell 378

"JONES' WOOD" GARDENS IN THE EAST SIXTIES
Photographs by Mattie E. Hewitt

AMONG OUR GARDEN NEIGHBORS
Photographs by Leonard Barron

THE OPEN COLUMN

Photographs by Mrs. C. R. Elwood, and Edwin Levick

380

382

384

THE MONTH'S REMINDER

LOOKING AHEAD TO THE WINTER FLOWERS

387

388

Leonard Barron, Editor

VOLUME XXXIII, No. 6

Subscription S3.00 a Year; for Canada, S3. 35; Foreign $3.65
COPYRIGHT, 1921, BY

DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY

GARDEN CITY, N. Y.

Chicago: Peoples Gas Bldg. Boston: Tremont Bldg.

Los Angeles: Van Nuys Bldg. New York: 120 W. 32nd St.

F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President
ARTHUR W. PAGE,

HERBERT S. HOUSTON,
y ice-Presidents

S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer
RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY.
Secretary

Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York,
under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879

e Garden Magazine, August, 1921

347

BURPEE’S

WINTER FLOWERING
SWEET PEAS

For Your Greenhouse

WHAT could be lovelier than dainty
and fragrant Sweet Peas right in the
midst of winter when all outdoors is covered
with a soft blanket of snow?

The Burpee Varieties of Early
or Winter Flowering Sweet Peas
are revelations of beauty. They
have been the admiration of the
many thousands of visitors to The
International Flower Show in New
York and various other exhibits
held by The National Sweet Pea
Society and The Pennsylvania
Horticultural Society. Burpee’s
Sweet Peas have been Prize Winners
everywhere. Our list includes the most
exquisite shades in a complete range
of colors.

Burpee’s Annual, the Leading
American Seed Catalogue, contains a
complete description of all the beautiful
Burpee Varieties and will be sent free
upon request. Plant Burpee’s Sweet
Peas NOW for blooming in your green-
house this winter!

W. ATLEE BURPEE CO.

Seed Growers

Phil adelphia

Vlammoth Bulbs
Jumbo Bulbs . .

Madonna

LILIES

LILIUM CANDIDUM
(Choice Northern Grown)
September Delivery

The favorite lilies of the old
fashioned garden; produce
strong, stiff stems, studded with
a mass of pure, glistening, white
flowers, that enliven the peren-
nial flower garden or, for effects
of contrasts with the beautiful
green shrubs of the June gar-
den, are unequaled.

Plant some bulbs during
September and October and
enjoy a big crop of flowers next
June or pot up, store in a cold
frame, and force for early win-
ter in the greenhouse or con-
servatory.

Each Doz. 100

30c $2.50 $20.00

35c 3.50 25.00

PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW

Our catalogue of Best Bulbs for Fall Planting will be sent
to all customeis August ist. A postal will bring you one.

30-32 Barclay St.
New York City

| August Planted Evergreens

Need WATER Most!

Every “seasoned” gardener will tell you that you
| can transplant ’most anything anytime provided you
1 water it enough afterwards. August is the critical garden
| month. Why flirt with droughts and endanger crops
| when a unique machine will solve your irrigation prob-
| lem for good and all?

The Campbell Waterfan —
Rain When and Where You Want It!

The most effective little rain-maker ever invented. A
five-pound machine, easily attached to any garden hose,
operated by ordinary city water pressure. The main supply
pipe, out of which streams emerge, oscillates back and forth.
Angle of spray, and depth of spray, up to 6o feet in diame-
ter under absolute control. If you want to irrigate 15 or 30
feet only, it is easily adjusted by a little thumb screw. No
tools needed whatever.

Please give our descriptive circular a chance to furtherex-
plain the unique character and merits of the Waterfan. One
small investment is the only one, since the machine is built to
last for years and is practically fool-proof and trouble-proof.

IV rite to-day — if no IVaterfan dealer is in
your neighborhood, we will supply direct

CAMPBELL IRRIGATION COMPANY

Woodbury New Jersey

GEORGE ALEXANDER, 90 West Broadway

Distributor jor Nt\£ York City and suburbs, including Lonq Island

^Illlllllllllllllllllllllllli

348

The Garden Magazine, August, 19',

lliliiHuiiiiltiiiuiiuiluiiiUiiiiiiiiuiuiiiiiiuitiiiiuiJiiiiPiiiBiiMiiiiiiiiniiiUiiiiUiiiw

= American Grown Roses =

for American Gardens

Plant This Fall — Will Bloom Next Summer

Garden Roses — 12 of the Best Hybrid Teas:

Strong Field-Grown 2-year-old plants

1. Crimson Queen — Velvety crimson; striking.

2. Golden Ophelia — Bright yellow; very fragrant.

3. Lady Alice Stanley — Deep coral profuse bloomer.

4. Mme. Caroline Testout — Satiny rose; very
productive.

5. Los Angeles — Rich growing pink.

6. Mme. Butterfly — New introduction of
rich texture and color; salmon-pink.

7. Mrs. Aaron Ward — Deep salmon-
pink.

8. Jonkheer Mock — Large red,
inside petals white.

9. Radiance — Salmon-pink, suf-
fused copper-red.

10. Robin Hood — Bright rosy
scarlet ; vigorous grower.

One plant of each of
these varieties^ 10 plants)

$9.00.

Special Rose Plant List

We should be pleased to send
you a copy of our special list
of Roses for Fall Planting.

Muller-Sealey
Company, Inc.

145 West 45th St., N. Y.

4 ‘Successful for over a century”

Midsummer Service for

Greater Spring Gardens

Those of us who have been in business of plant pro-
duction longest realize most the need of greater planting
service. Before plants can be sold, the planter must work
out plans. Plans can only be made where a clear vision is
had of the end to be obtained.

August Planning and Planting

Means Better Gardens

This is the month when plans should be made for hardy perennial
gardens, rock gardens, evergreen gardens, Iris and Peony gardens; in
short gardens of any kind that are expected to yield pleasure early in
the Spring. Such material may be planted in the Spring, but, in that
case, the gardener will have to wait one whole year for returns.

August planted Evergreens will enable the planter to enjoy their
beauty all W inter. We prefer not to sell Irises and Peonies in the
Spring. Summarizing, why not take us into your confidence now and
tell us what you anticipate to do to enjoy additional garden pleasures
next Spring?

The competent advice of our special Sendee Department is yours
to command. An inquiry- incurs no obligation but will afford us the
opportunity to acquaint you with our plant resources, comprising 800
acres of the choicest nursery stock grown anywhere.

AMERICAN NURSERIES

H E. HOLDEN. Manner

SINGER BUILDING. NEW YORK

3 c Garden Magazine, August, 1921

349

PETERSON’S

PERFECT

PEONIES

for the past seventeen years have been
the standard by which others were judged
and will continue to excel all others.

Since the other man’s experience is
worth much more to you than anything
I can say for myself, I invite your perusal
of the following letter, received absolutely
unsolicited and printed here with the
! glad permission of the author afterward
obtained. Mr. Barclay is a private collec-
tor of peonies of wide and long experience.

| Forest Park, Baltimore, Md., Oct. 15, 1920

“It will gratify you to learn, I know, that I
have made a careful comparison of your stock
with that of the leading peony growers in this
country, including — , — , — , — , — , — , and
I others, and, in all frankness, there is no com-
I parison. A comparison of the same varieties
I (which is the only real test) shows the eyes of
I your roots to be larger and stouter, and invari-
| ably this results in better and finer bloom from
j your plants than from the others. Your soil
, must be nearly perfect for the growth of peony
I roots and I do not hesitate to tell you that in
I most instances I have ordered from you regard-
less of price because I feel so sure of the result,
| both as to quality and trueness to name.”

F. H. Barclay

My Peony catalogue for 1921, contain-
ing many such letters as above, and this
year featuring in illustration such much
talked-of varieties as Le Cvgne, Jubilee,
Martha Bulloch, Mad. Jules Dessert, etc.,
will be sent to you on request.

GEORGE H. PETERSON

Rose and Peony Box 50,

Specialist Fair Lawn, N. J.

Plants Love Companionship!

Above dainty Sedum Acre is seen tenderly huddling around Sempervivum globiferum
— and it is a peculiar fact that these two seem to thrive best in each other’s company.
On our own grounds, the Sedum becomes established voluntarily around this Sempervi-
vum. This is just one of the many instances responsible for

A Rockery’s Enduring Charm

Not only does a rock garden offer the ideal location for many quaint and curious plants but the plants
themselves bring constant and ever-changing surprises. Nor need your grounds be spacious to hold a rock
garden. A small comer, plenty of rocks, a little soil and some plants combined will make you the cutest
garden imaginable.

You Can Always Start with Pot Grown Plants

From the very beginning, this nursery has made a specialty of rock garden plants and we grow a
greater variety in greater quantities, perhaps,
than any other establishment in the East.

Many of the plants are available grown
in pots. This makes it possible for you to
start at any time. Firmly established root
system will prevent any shock to the plant.

Just prepare your ground and set them — they
will never stop growing.

PALISADES NURSERIES, Inc.

Sparkill, N. Y.

Fall Catalogue Free

We have prepared a con-
densed list of Perennials
particularly suitable for Fall
planting. Gladly sent free
on request. Please mention

GARDEN MAGAZINE.

Special Service

It will be a pleasure, at all
times to assist those eager to
start with specific sugges-
tions how to make any sort of
old-fashioned hardy garden
or rock garden. Just tell us
what particular location you
wish to utilize, what soil you
have and how much sun the
location gets and we will,
with pleasure, submit sugges-
tions for your consideration.

350

The Garden Magazine , August, 1 I

The Brand Masterpieces

America’s Most Beautiful Line of Peonies

A. M. BRAND Lock Box 367 Faribault, Minn.

42 years a Professional peony grower

The members of the American Peony Society have just taken a second vote on
the comparative merits of all the good named varieties of peonies.

The result of this vote has been compiled by Prof. Saunders, Secretary of the
society. Mr. Saunders makes a very careful analysis of the vote and finds that
based on a vote of not less than 20 ballots on a flower there are 57 varieties that
rank 8.5 and better.

7 of these 57 varieties, or 12^%, are Brand Varieties.

Secretary Saunders goes further and finds that based on a vote of not less than
20 ballots there are 22 varieties that rank 9 or better.

4 of these 22 World’s Best Peonies, or 18%, are Brand Varieties.

This confirms my belief that I am not wrong in my assertion that the Brand
Originations rank with the very best Peonies in the world.

So it is with renewed confidence that we again offer to the public for this season’s
shipment a larger stock than ever before of such Superb Brand Varieties as

Brand’s Magnificent, the immense dark bluish red. A
flower with great broad symmetrically arranged
petals like those of a rose.

Charles McKellip, another great bright red of peculiar
shade. A flower that as the plants become older,
will often be found in the show room.

Chestine Gowdy, the great cream white cone shaped
flower for which we get so many unsought praises
from the East. First Prize seedling at Cleveland
National Show, 1918.

Elizabeth Barrett Browning, said by many to be the
most beautiful Peony ever grown. By vote of the
members of the American Peony Society pronounced
“the finest Peony ever originated in America. '

Frances Willard, The Peerless White, classed by many as
one of our very best bloomers, one of the world’s best.

Luetta Pfeiffer, an immense flower, with large pure
glistening pinkish white petals with just stamens
enough interspersed to make it fascinatingly beautiful.

Judge Berry, the great show Peony. A dainty flower
of great size of a beauty fit for a “garden of the Gods.”

Longfellow, the peerless red, pronounced by Peony
experts at the Reading National Show “the greatest,
brightest, most distinct, first-class red Peony ever
grown.”

Mary Brand, fast becoming recognized as the greatest
commercial bright dark red in the world.

We have an immense
year clumps and can furnish
If you do not have our

Besides the largest and most complete stock in the world of cur own varieties
for this fall’s trade we feel that we now have to offer the, largest stock in America
of such Choice American, French, and English sorts as Bayadere, Candeur, Cherry
Hill, Clemenceau, Enchantress?, Exquisite, Jeannot, Jubilee, Kelways Glorious,
Kelways Queen, Lady Duff, La Fee. La France, Laura Dessert, Le Cygne, Mary
W. Shaylor, Loveliness, Mignon, Mme. Jules Dessert, Mrs. Edward Harding,
Philippe Rivoire, Raoul Desert, etc., etc.

Richard Carvel, what Mons. Jules Elie is among pinks,
Richard Carvel is among reds. A magnificent fragrant
bright red, in bloom with Edulis Superba. Pronounced
by one enthusiastic admirer, the “Brand Superb.”

Phoebe Carey, the soft delicate one color lavender
pink. Slowly becoming recognized as one of our best
flowers. A great lovely pink, grown on long stiff
stems so long that I saw a great plant in Mr. Boyd’s
Movilla Garden collection, so tall that I hardly had
to stoop that I might inhale its wonderful fragrance.

And Martha Bullock, that wonderful flower that in
our own opinion, based on an active experience of
over 40 years as a professional Peony grower, we
proclaim “The World’s most beautiful Peony.”
stock in all ages and sizes from divisions to four
almost any variety in whatever size desired.

1920-21 Catalogue send for a copy.

The Garden

Fol XXXIII , No. 6 MAGAZINE August , 1921

CTJ

ID

*<=r

“HOW CALM, HOW BEAUTEOUS AND HOW COOL-
HOW LIKE A SISTER TO THE SKIES,

APPEARS THE BROAD, TRANSPARENT POOL
THAT IN THIS QUIET FOREST LIES.”

Victor Hugo ( Translator , Eugene Field)

A touch of sparkling vivacity is lent by
the diving ducks; indeed, living creatures
immediately invest a scene with interest,
and a water garden of any size well har-
bors both fish and fowl, native or intro-
duced if need be

35'

352

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

"SO, CURTAINED BY A SINGING PINE,

ITS MURMURING VOICE SHALL BLEND WITH MINE,
TILL, LOST IN DREAMS, MY FALTERING LAY
IN SWEETER MUSIC DIES AWAY.”

Oliver IVendell Holmes

This magnificent specimen of Pinus Strobus stands on
an estate formerly owned by Dr. Holmes at Pittsfield,
Massachusetts, and is known as The Oliver Wendell
Holmes Pine. Quite apart from its decorative quality
and the reassuring sense of steadfastness it conveys,
men love the Pine for its voice, a characteristic evi-
dently appreciated by Dr. Holmes

353

•il The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

“WHITE lilies, in whose cups the gold BEES DREAM.”

Oscar IVilde

The blue of midsummer heavens and the foam-like
whiteness of slow-sailing clouds find reflection in the
garden when Madonna Lilies and Larkspur bloom.
Their loveliness is of a pure, high quality, ineffable and
almost other-earthly; and on the drifting lily-scent
petty cares are borne away. On the shores of Green
Bay in the upper peninsula of Michigan were grown
the flowers pictured above; Lilium candidum averaged
about four feet in height and Delphinium five or six

PLANTING THE POOL IN
NATURE’S MANNER

ROBERT WHEELWRIGHT A. S. L. A.

Small Naturalesque Pools — Making them “Belong”
Wherever Placed — Suggestions for Practical Construction

Editor’s Note: — Readers of Mr. Wheelwright's recent article (in our May issue, pages 175-179)
will follow with interest this further exposition of his beliefs, acquired and crystalized through long
actual practise in the art of landscaping, and their application to the placing, planning, and
planting of pools.

ffiUI^VOOL is an indefinite term that may include a body of
I m-1 water even large enough to classify as a pond. The
shore-line of a lake in the mountains is irregular and
lATTTJ broken, the shores are rocky or precipitous; in a broad
rolling .country the shore is gently curving with grassy banks
and swampy margins. These are the laws of nature, the primary
ones to be observed in making an artificial pond, even when the
pond is reduced to a miniature; and if we must have a rocky
pool in a flat country, let it have an artificial setting that is ap-
propriate. The fundamental principles of design hold good on
matter what area the body of water may cover.

Informal landscape design is, in general, of two distinct
types. The first is the closest possible imitation of nature as
found in the immediate locality. It is rustic in the true sense
of the word and should so resemble nature that its man-made
character is not apparent. The second type is in a greater or
less degree exotic. It may be a skillful reproduction of natural
conditions, but of some other locality; it may be under a state
of cultivation that differentiates it from any natural landscape
or from the immediately surrounding landscape; or it may be
any combination of these factors. This is the type that we
commonly see and associate with all kinds of modern small-
town development, to describe which the term “suburban” is
often used, in distinction to “rustic” as applied to the first type.

Informal pools fall readily under this same classification, but
rarely do we find a truly “rustic” pool unless we break down
the line of distinction and allow the inclusion of a few exotic
plants. A small pool usually offers an opportunity to grow at
least a few plants that we greatly desire and which are not
easily grown anywhere else. Quite a number of exotics can
thus be introduced without destroying the “rustic” character,
but the bounds are easily overstepped.

Whatever classification we may use, the naturalesque pool

requires, for its construction, a knowledge and an appreciation
of both geology and horticulture, almost keener than for any
other feature of informal landscape design. Formal pools
require no such knowledge, as they are of necessity merely
geometrical designs. An almost indispensable feature in the
formal garden, the popularity of the formal pool has made us
forget the charm of the naturalesque. Moreover, there still
lingers in our memories, the nondescript pool of mid-Victorian
days, which may have settled a prejudice deep in our minds.

An only son died, and his mother’s country place was adorned
with a pool built, 1 am told, in the shape of the son’s heart. If
this be true, either someone had no sense of drawing or the
son had remarkable vitality to have lived at all! Perhaps, as
it is symbolic, this pool should not be brought into a discussion
of naturalesque treatments; but it comes to my mind as an
abhorred example of the informal pools of an earlier generation.
Located on a sloping lawn where no pool could occur by any
chance freak of nature, the irregular line of its stone rim is ugly
and meaningless and no amount of planting could disguise its
artificiality. My recollection is that it lacked the usual cast-
iron fountain, but even without that adjunct it remains typical of
its kind; marking the utmost swing of the pendulum from harsh
formality, a swing that carried informal design so far as to let
people forget that the curves of nature are never meaningless.
The art of landscaping had deteriorated to a point where a
sinuous curve meant nature reflected and was, therefore,
considered beautiful no matter how or where used; an ugly
symbolism had replaced realism.

A POOL and its margin are never in themselves a finished
unit. Their entire surroundings must also be considered at
the same time. A naturalesque pool planted with exotic
plants would appear almost as artificial in our native wood-

WHERE MAN AND NATURE WORK IN HARMONY

The process of construction is clearly shown in the right-hand photograph and the standing figure furnishes a clue to the scale of operations.
This picture was taken in July; and by September of the same season the camera reveals the finished product as presented at the left

354

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

355

lands as if it were of formal
character. The same would
be true of a rocky pool in a
smooth lawn, but more ob-
viously so. Either of these
would demand such design-
ing of their surroundings as
I would make them appear
either a part of the natural
scenery or as a distinct unit,
deliberately separated from
its environs, where one was
transported to a different
world.

The picturesque quality
i of pools or ponds with grassy
banks lies in long stretches
of water, the pleasant mo-
notony of level country, and
an expanse of marshy vege-
tation. The marginal plant
life in such cases demands
space, for the growth of
Rushes and Sedges cannot
be restrained without taking
on an artificial appearance.
Reduce such a pond to min-
iature, with diminished
spread of water and plants
usurping the remaining
available surface, and it
immediately loses character
and charm.

Robert Wheelwright, Landscape Architect

SYLVIA'S POOL

MINIATURE CASCADE

An ingenious device for
supplying water in what ap-
pears to be a natural man-
ner. Pool at Newport, R. I.

So quiet is the source of this pool — an artificial
one piped in between flat stones — that though
close to the feet of this peering, lightly poised
maiden it scarcely disturbs her image. In Syl-.
via is epitomized thewoodland’s happiest mood;
Mahonri Young, sculptor. Estate of Mr. Wm.

J. Curtis, Camden, Maine.

an opportunity to introduce many uncommon plants that
would be suffocated by the rank growth of a grassy bank.
Then, too, the rocks have a more highly picturesque value than
grasses, unless, perhaps, the water is of considerable extent.
For these reasons the small naturalesque pool is limited prac-.
tically to designs with rock-work as their basis.

Henry V. Hubbard , Landscape Architect

The rocky pool, on the other hand, permits of no such rank
growth along its margins; the grassy plants finding no deep
muck in which to thrive, the pool does not become choked
with vegetation, and so may be reduced to the tiniest dimen-
sions and still retain an unbroken surface of water. The rocky
shore with its small pockets of earth gives protection to all sorts
of interesting plants. There is intimacy in such planting, and

THE Japanese have achieved fame for their informal pools;

these are typical features of their gardens as we know
them from photographs. It would seem that these pools
are designed with a remarkable appreciation for the picturesque,
both in geological formation and plant growth. These gardens
with their pools may or may not be true representations of
natural conditions, but they produce the same impression that a
picturesque scene in nature does. Analysis shows a state of
cultivation that is as artificial as in the most formal garden,
but the lines follow the laws of nature and every natural object
is selected and placed in such a manner as to disguise artificiality.
The only comparison to be drawn of different objects lies within
the garden itself, and as everything is artificial in the same de-
gree, the artificiality is not apparent, and we imagine we are
looking at a bit of Japanese scenery.

We are forced to admire the skill with which the Japanese
secure picturesque effects and the method they use, particularly
their naturalistic rockwork and their handling of plants. A
study of some of these gardens should serve as a good lesson to
us, but attempts to copy should be discouraged. I believe that
there is not one instance in a thousand where the best con-
ceived and executed garden of this type would be appropriate
in our country or compare in charm and beauty with an equally

356

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

Lay y Wheelwright , Landscape Architects

duced herewith (below). The outer part of the
rim is carried higher than the inner part, making a
shelf that retains the sod at a point just below the
water level, so the concrete basin is completely hidden.

The detail of the rim for “Sylvia’s Pool” (page
356) is an adaptation, and we believe an improve-
ment over the Andre detail. The shelf is wider and
the construction is perhaps easier. The greater
width of the shelf gives a more secure footing for
rocks to rest on. In this particular pool, walls were
carried down below frost all around under the curb,
an extra insurance for the stability of the pool in a
severe climate.

If the edge of a pool is built without any such lip
on the curb, as shown in these details, the water level
must be just even with the rim to conceal the basin,
and then it does not conceal very well, or else there
must be the equivalent of a coping done in naturalis-
tic rock work. With the first arrangement there is
bound to occur a seepage (through capillary attrac-
tion at least), over the top, that saturates the soil and
produces too wet a condition at the margins. The
second arrangement gives a margin too continuously
rocky, and more difficult to construct, for the designer

good naturalesque garden of our own conception; and in using
the term garden, be it clearly understood that 1 include the pool.

England, too, is noted for successful wall and rock gardens.
The humid climate and comparatively cool summers there pro-
duce conditions favorable to the growth of plants in locations in
which but few plants could survive with us. During our hot, dry
summers most plants are parched to death in the small pockets
of earth from which they must draw sustenance in this type of
garden, especially in walls where drainage is even more com-
plete than in rock work. We can always use the hardy Cacti,
the Sempervivums and the Sedums without fear of loss, but they
do not provide the desired variation in plant life. If our rock
garden is the setting for a pool, its limitations are not so confined.
The saturated earth along the margin provides an ideal spot in
which to grow interesting bog plants, and farther away there is
sufficient moisture for many others that would be scorched in
an ordinary rock garden.

The ideal location for a rocky pool is some nook in the
woods, for we associate it naturally with such a spot. If
we want a pool of this kind and have no woods, we should
select a location at least close to some trees, which will give
us the foundation for a setting. But
if there is only open lawn, let us
forego the desire for a pool, rejoice
in what we do possess, and remem-
ber that some people haven’t even
lawns.

Masking the Margin

THERE are no specific instruc-
tions that can be given for the
building of the small naturalesque
pool, above or below the water.

That which lies outside the pool
rests solely on the art of the de-
signer. The basin itself may vary
in shape as infinitely as the sur-
roundings, but its actual construc-
tion does not differ materially from
that of the formal pool. The mar-
gin or curb (if you would call it
such), calls for special discussion,
for this must be so designed that it
can be completely hidden. Andre,
in “L’Art des Jardins,” shows a
good detail for this, which is repro-

A MAN-MADE
WATERFALL

This is the overflow
of the pool shown be-
low and such lively
action renders the
stagnancy which
sometimes character-
izes small artificially
created bodies of wa-
ter, here quite out of
the question

EXAMPLES OF RIM CON-
STRUCTION

The upper diagram is a detail of the
rim used in Sylvia’s Pool, showing a
greater width of shelf and some other
minor modifications of the plan from
Andre’s “L’Art des Jardins’’ (shown
at left) which is basically sound and
a safe guide to follow

Lay li Wheelwright, Landscape Architects

THE SOURCE OF A NATURALESQUE POOL

The bubbles mark the spot where the water flows in from a twelve inch pipe under the shadow'of a rock.
The water supply is a very considerable one as seen in the outlet of this same pool pictured above

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

357

must constantly bear in mind the practical building of the
pool when he should be free to think only of the aesthetic
arrangement of the rock work. In other words the impersonal
interferes with the personal. With a completed concrete basin,
the designer can work ahead freely.

Concealing the Water Inlet

THE method of introducing water requires considerable deli-
cacy unless it is piped in below the water surface. Illustra-
tions on pages 355-356 show unobtrusive ways of supplying the
water. In the first the water flows from a small iron pipe, the end
of which is completely concealed by two flat stones, one above
and one below, forming a crevice from which the water issues
in a tiny trickle over the lower stone into the pool. The other
provides for a considerable flow of water, which can be seen
by the strong overflow of the same pool (page 356). Here
the water is carried through a twelve-inch pipe from a neigh-
boring stream. The top of the pipe is very little above the
water level in the pool, and the opening is well hidden by
the overhanging rock, whose lower edge is barely above the
still-water.

A more spectacular way of supplying water is suggested by

the miniature fall that serves as the overflow of this pool.
Where this method is used, care must be taken that access to
the fall is difficult so that the lack of a stream above to feed it
may not be discovered and the illusion of a natural source should
be carried out by planting or other devices, similar to those
shown on page 355 for example.

The overflow may be disguised, as it is in a formal pool, or it
may be carried away in a stream. The treatment of both
overflow and supply depends principally on the amount of water
available. Where very little is used, as in “Sylvia’s Pool,”
there is insufficient water to make a stream and so some in-
conspicuous overflow should be provided; perhaps, as in this
case, hidden by rocks.

If the supply permits a small stream, the treatment becomes
merely a matter of design, governed to an extent by existing
local conditions and by the fancy of the creator. A blow-out
(or drain pipe) should always be provided in any pool. It is
probably safer, as with formal pools, to leave water in the pool
all winter; but at a slightly lower level than the normal. This
freezes as the ground freezes, and more nearly equalizes the
pressure on the walls of the basin, which reduces the danger of
their cracking.

IF YOU KEEP FISH IN THE LILY POOL

JOHN T. NICHOLS

Associate Curator (Fishes) American Museum of Natural History, Editor of “Copeia,” etc.

The Pearl Roach May Eat Your Water Plants — Breeding Young Gold-
fish to Keep Down Mosquitos — What Fish You Want and Why

Editor’s Note: — The presence of fish lends a convincing touch of realism to any garden pool, and is, in fact, its final justification,
rendering it something more than a mere man-made structure architecturally interesting. Beside the note of life and colorful movement
they introduce, certain types of fish have a distinct place in the economic cycle and play a part in keeping free from impurities and in
a balanced condition water which might otherwise become stagnant.

As a gardener cannot be expected to know about fish and to appreciate the differences which make some species very desirable
tenants of the water garden and others a deadly nuisance, we have asked a recognized authority to present the actual facts as seen
from the standpoint of the ichthyologist. This is, we believe, the first statement of such a character that has ever been presented to the
horticultural reader and is one from which he will be able to make some very practical applications.

POOL of pure water which remains in a garden for
K;-/Vf several months, or even weeks in the summer time, is
sure to be inhabited by a number of creatures. Various
1S2A2S aquatic insects can fly, and travel across country by
this means, probably mostly at night, and some of them are
sure to find it out. Then there are insects whose first or larval
stages are spent in the water — caddis-flies, dragon-flies and many
others, including, unfortunately, the mosquito tribe.

The toad is more than likely to resort to such a pool to spawn.
This unattractive-looking warty gentleman is a veritable bug-
trap, and as such one of the gardener’s best friends. In the
day time we come across him half buried in the loose dry soil,
sulking in some cranny, or hopping between the rows of flowers
in a stupid elderly manner. When the shades of twilight fall
he is altogether changed and takes up the night’s task of collect-
ing and digesting insects with all the enthusiasm and elasticity
of youth. He goes skipping along the paths like a fleeting

shadow, or resorts to some pool of water to sing his droning
love song, puffing out the skin of his throat, which acts as a
resonator, like a toy balloon.

The tadpoles which sometimes appear by scores in a garden
pool somewhat later in the season are in most cases the offspring
of the toad. They are active, blackish little fellows which
keep mostly near the surface, and never grow very large; for
unlike most frogs, toad tadpoles turn to toads while still very
small. Herein lies an advantage in having at least one border of
the pool gently sloping so that the little fellows can get out
when their time comes, and start on their useful careers. If all
the sides are vertical they can not do so and must perish.

Sooner or later frogs are bound to find their way to a garden
pool. These are usually the green or pond frog whose voice,
like the twanging of a banjo string, is one of the pleasantest
sounds of a summer night.

Sometimes one or two big night herons will drop down out of

358

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

the gathering dusk and patrol its borders in hopes of picking up
a frog or two. They are also not averse to poaching from the
fishes with which the pool may have been stocked.

THE reasons for placing fish here are two in number.

There is their aesthetic value, and also their economic value
as destroyers of mosquito larvae or wrigglers. The second is
perhaps the more important, but also the more complicated, and
will be discussed later.

Looked at from the aesthetic standpoint, fish contribute two
things, life and color. The colors of many small fresh water
species are exquisite as viewed close by in an aquarium, but
these same fish are too small to make any sort of show in an
outdoor pool. There is no native species which will compare in
this aspect with the goldfish or the European pearl roach and
which is, at the same time, so suitable for pond culture.

The adult pearl roach is pearly whitish with red fins. The
bright color of the goldfish, covering as it does the entire
upper parts, has sufficient mass to make a fine show, en-
hanced by this fish’s habit of “basking” at the surface. For
outdoor purposes the fancy breeds of goldfish are not desirable,
being not only more expensive but somewhat more delicate than
the ordinary kind. If it is possible to get good colored, outdoor
stock from some pond, so much the better.

Both these species are as hardy as any native fish. In fact,
the goldfish has been introduced into natural fresh waters
and is now abundant in a great number of the ponds and sluggish
streams throughout the land.

The pearl roach was introduced in the ponds of New York
City so long ago that there is no record of the event. Many
years later, when brought to the attention of students of Ameri-
can fishes, they did not at first recognize what it was, though
obviously of no native species then known to science.

The matter of hardiness may or may not be of importance
in the fish which will be placed in a garden pool, for in many
cases water will be left in the pool only during the summer

months, and fish will have to be taken out for the winter in any
event. The problem of keeping them over winter will have to
be solved variously according to available facilities.

If there is a pond near by of moderate area and with a muddy
bottom, it is easy to return the hardy species to it in the fall and
net out a sufficient number in the spring to stock the pool. 1
A greenhouse adjacent to the garden is an ideal place
to keep the fishes, whether hardy or not. When under cover
they have to be fed.

An outdoor pool will support a sufficient number of fishes
through the summer without artificial feeding. It should,
however, contain a certain amount of plant life or they will not
do well left to their own devices. When Water-lilies are grown
therein these furnish sufficient shade, shelter, etc. Otherwise it
will be necessary to install aquatic plants. The varieties
grown in aquaria are good, and others found in ponds, but un-
suitable for aquaria, will serve the purpose as well.*

The fish eat insects which are continually falling in the water,
aquatic insects or insect larvae, and such species as the gold-
fish probably a certain amount of vegetable matter also.f

IN NATURE, fresh waters, however small, contain many
diverse kinds of life forming a delicate balance, wherein no
one kind is likely to attain undue abundance. When man inter-
feres with the balance of nature or introduces artificial condi-
tions, here as elsewhere, he is likely to make trouble for himself.

A pool of still water in the garden is an excellent place for the
mosquito to lay her eggs, and if there are no little fishes therein

*Water plants the upper leaves and stems of which lie partially submerged
at the surface, should be avoided, and any floating tangle of plant life or trash
removed from the pool. Mosquito larvae can live in the wetness over such places
and no fish can reach them there.

fThe pearl roach feeds more or less on water plants, however, and care should
be had in introducing it where valuable plants are grown. Dr. C. H. Townsend
of the New York Aquarium, in a recent letter, says of it: — ‘‘This fish is a
vegetable feeder and cannot be maintained in a pool or pond containing plant
life. It will destroy indiscriminately all plants, water-lilies etc.”

MARGINAL PLANTING BOTH DESIRABLE AND PLEASING

Mattie Edwards Hewitt , Photo.

This type of planting has much to recommend it quite aside from the intrinsic beauty of the materials used, leaving an open surface
for reflected glimpses of cloud and sunshine and free from the floating greenery so encouraging to the mosquito at breeding time.
Iris, Ivy, and other things of lowly habit suitably fringe this small pool in the garden of Mrs. Ernest Iselin, at New Rochelle, N. Y.

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

359

to reduce the number of wrigglers which hatch from those eggs,
o so much the better for them. In due course they will all grow
up and become lusty mosquitoes. To put kerosene on this
water will not solve the problem, for who wants a pool of kero-
. sene in his garden? Hence the advisability of putting in
fishes, which in nature would be there anyway.

; What kind of fish will best serve the purpose, especially in
■ temperate latitudes, has never been worked out satisfactorily
by experiment. Certain general principles of the problem may,
however, be set forth authoritatively. Most small fishes will
eat wrigglers, but (and here lies the first difficulty) the wriggler is
so small that a fish of any size will not pay attention to him.
We must, therefore, have fish as small as possible for this pur-
pose. Full grown, ornamental goldfish are too large.

On the other hand, the goldfish will be very useful if adults
be put in early in the season, to lay their eggs from which a
brood of young, sharp-sighted babies hatch. The little fellows
would scarcely be noticed by a person standing at the edge of
the pool because of their small size, and because they are dull
dark olive in color, the bright golden red being only attained
with age. They are there, none the less, an important factor in
keeping the wrigglers in check.

The spawning of goldfish is dependent on the water tem-
perature. They will spawn when it has risen to between 6o°
and 68° F., and about 68° is most favorable both for spawning
and the development of their fry.

Both goldfish and pearl roach are peaceful fishes, and there will
be no trouble in keeping other smaller kinds with them even at
close quarters. Probably the very best fishes for holding
mosquito larvae in check will be found among the ovoviviparous
or live-bearing members of the tooth-carp family. This is a
statement which perhaps requires some explanation.

All the various kinds of true minnows, as well as the goldfish
and the large carp, are strictly fresh water fishes belonging to
the carp family. They have no teeth in the mouth, but one or
more rows of teeth on the bones of the throat. They abound in

cold waters to the north. In tropical, sub-tropical, and the
warmer temperate fresh, brackish and salt waters, small minnow-
like fishes occur which are quite unrelated to the above. They
are generally less active, with a tail-fin squarish or rounded
instead of with a tendency to be forked. A forked propeller in
aquatic creatures is an indication of extensive rapid swimming,
which we may suppose would be impeded by any obstruction in
the centre, where the stream-lines along the sides of a moving
body converge. Like most true minnows these fish have a
single non-spiny fin in the back, but it is placed nearer the tail, an
indication of their relationship, which is really much closer, to
the big pickerel, pike, and muskallunge.

These little fishes, furthermore, have teeth in the jaws, and
hence the family goes by the name of tooth-carps. Colloquially
the various kinds are called killifish, top minnow, etc., etc.
Some of them become exceedingly abundant, fairly swarm in
favorable localities; as for instance the common killifish, alias
mummy, alias salt marsh minnow, in the salt and brackish
shallows of our Atlantic coast.

The species of the tooth-carp family are separable into two
groups according to their methods of reproduction. Some of
them lay eggs like ordinary fishes; and in others, the ovovivipar-
ous or live-bearing group, the eggs hatch and young develop
within the body cavity of the mother, and are launched into the
world as active and hungry young fishes of sufficient size to
fend for themselves successfully.

This system, wherein much waste is eliminated, makes for
rapid multiplication of individuals. Many species of these
live-bearing tooth-carps swarm in the fresh waters of middle
America and the West Indies, two are abundant in the south-
eastern United States, and one of these two, Gambusia affinis,
extends northward along the Atlantic coast to about Delaware
Bay. They are among the smallest fresh-water fishes; and may
be looked for in every ditch or pool in the tropics. Doubtless
in some cases they have been placed there for the purpose of
holding mosquitoes in check, to which function they are so well

Mattie Edwards Hewitt, Photo.

THE LILYPOND AT “ROCKMARGE,” PRIDE’S CROSSING, MASS.

Fish are indispensable in such a pool, for though we would not do without Water-lilies the accompanying mosquito must be
reckoned with, and in this fight man’s best allies are the smaller kinds of fish which feed upon insect larvae. Bowered in the
cool green of Rhododendrons this pool near the dwelling of Judge Wm. H. Moore irresistibly allures on hot midsummer days

360

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

fish sunning itself at the surface of some in-
land pond, now and then; but it is unlikely
that a fish hawk would come down into the
garden.

Night herons which are apt to pay a visit be-
tween sunset and sunrise are usually looking
for frogs. Frogs have an omnivorous appetite,
and whereas the little ones are probably all
right, be suspicious of a big frog which takes
up its residence in the pool ; and if the fish are
disappearing, send him on his way. Be on the
lookout for the big, oval, brown, giant water-
bug, two inches or more long (Belostoma) a
highly predacious creature which captures and
sucks the juices of small fishes. It will be hid-
ing about the edges of the pool, under stones,
or in any rubbish there may be. It is at-
tracted by lights, and has lately been also
called electric-light bug. If one of these is
found in the pool it must immediately be
gotten rid of.

VEIL-TAIL GOLDFISH

Member of an extraordinarily decorative family, this gentleman seems
almost to be guilty of conscious posing with an eye to Japanesque effect

adapted, but the writer has found them in puddles in the wheel-
ruts of a road in Florida, where they obviously had not been
planted.

UNFORTUNATELY for the purpose of the present article
there exists little classified data as regards keeping these
little fishes in northern outdoor waters, or their efficacy as mos-
quito checks when so kept. Probably they are the best fish for
that purpose, but their use is still in the experimental stage, and
in trying them one is doing more or less pioneer work.
Gambusia affinis, the most nearly hardy species, would be the
best one to try. It probably would not winter successfully any-
where north of the Mason and Dixon line, but thrives out of
doors in summer. In the opinion of an experienced aquarist,
any tropical or sub-tropical aquarium fish can be kept out of
doors during the summer time, provided that the pond is
situated in some sheltered and well protected place.

When fishes, of whatever kind, have been installed, it is well
to keep an eye out for their natural enemies. Birds may take
an occasional one, but it is not likely that there will be serious
depredation from this source. The fish hawk which comes
up from the South somewhat before its summer food, the
menhaden, is available off the coast, likes to pick up a big gold-

LIVE-BEARING TOOTH-CARP

This species (Gambusia affinis), f
“probably one of the very best I
fishes for holding the mosquito li
larvae in check,” is abundant in I.
the southeastern United States, I
and being fairly hardy it will I
during the summer thrive in I
northern outdoor waters as well

t

\

li:

r

!■

in

"

2

"

THE PEARL ROACH OR EUROPEAN RUDD

Of peaceful inclination, like the goldfish with whom he neighbors amicably, the pearl roach will not molest
any smaller fry that happen to be about. This makes him a desirable inhabitant of the garden poo!, despite
a somewhat unfortunate tendency on his part to include Water-lilies and other aquatic plants in his daily diet

FAVORITES FOR EVERGREEN EFFECTS

AMONG the many and varied forms of
i evergreens available for garden decora-
tion the Retinisporas invariably are given
first choice. There are many reasons for
this: the range of colors; diversity of form
in their natural growth; and their adapta-
bility as specimens. Ranging in color from
green to gold, steel-blue to silver, they har-
monize in texture with the stronger grow-
ing Spruces and Firs, while as specimen
trees for the lawn and formal garden they
are superb. Retinispora plumosa with
its plume-like foliage, in combination with

WHERE ARBORVITAE
FURNISHES THE CUE

Color and character are assured even
through trying winter months by the
liberal use of Arborvitae, both pyramidal
and clipped, as a sort of foundation plant-
ing about which the more ephemeral
things come and go. Home Mr. Chauncy
Olcott, Saratoga Springs, N. Y.

R. pisifera, will form a good base where green is to predomi-
nate. - Both have their golden forms which are identical in
habit and equal in hardiness.

Retinispora filifera, easily recognized by its delicate and thread-
like foliage, is quite distinct in appearance, while its golden
form, variety aurea, is one of the hardiest of all ornamental Ever-
greens, withstanding exposure to both winds and sun of winter
without showing “scorching” in the spring. Since these
Retinisporas are tall growing they are in fact better suited for
planting as specimens.

There are dwarf forms, however, such as obtusa compacta and
obtusa nana which are excellent for mixed foundation planting
and may remain for years where a low growth is desired. In
planting a setting for the residence the plumosa, pisifera, and
squarrosa types of Retinispora may be used to advantage be-
tween windows and where there is any length of wall to be
partly screened ; while the Y ews, J unipers, and dwarf Arborvitaes
are ideal for planting under windows and for forming the fore-
ground. Among the Yews (Taxus) the brevifolia form of the
Japanese, T. cuspidata, and the trailing T. canadensis are the
best in such situations.

MOORING over young trees in the rows of a nursery it
might seem quite easy to make selections and depart
intent on the planting; for, unless one is familiar with
the types and their habits of growth, they all appear in
a young stage suitable for almost any part of the grounds. A
Norway Spruce, for instance, is the same height at the time of
purchasing as a Blue Spruce; a young White Pine may have
about the same proportions. What will they look like five or
ten years from now? That is the question to decide before
planting. A common mistake is massing without any thought
as to their ultimate growth evergreens as a setting for a residence.
In a planting of that kind most of the material should be of
spreading rather than erect habit.

ESPECIALLY appealing to the majority of home gardeners
through their color effects and their compact habit when
young are the Retinisporas. The absence of a conspicuous
terminal growth, so evident in Pines and Firs, misleads some
people into believing them of a dwarf nature, with the result
that in a year or two they grow up over windows and either have
to be removed or severely cut back so as to spoil their beauty.

Where group plantings are to be made for
immediate effect, some of the Arborvitaes
and Junipers can be used as fillers. These
are more readily transplanted later, and
their removal will not leave large empty
spaces. It is a good plan to use group
plantings as a kind of a nursery, taking out
a few trees each season as the strong growers
fill this space, using the surplus to plant
other parts of the grounds. There is some-
thing really interesting in transplanting trees
from your first planting if only for the pleas-
ure of having grown your own, and being
able to shift them at leisure.

361

362

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

BEAUTY, SYMMETRY, AND SHELTER AFFORDED BY THE SPECIMEN SPRUCE

Treasured in summer for its shade and refreshing pungency, the Spruce is
no less a friend on wintry days, a bulwark breaking the force of sharp winds

The Arborvitaes (Thuya) areof compact form and solid texture.
In some the growth is columnar, while others form globe-shaped
specimens without any pruning or shearing, making them ideal
for low plantings of a formal nature. They give best satis-
faction on deep, fairly moist soils. The best dwarf probably
is Thuya globosa. The native Western (Thuya occidentalis)
and the upright form (pyramidalis) are mostly used. Two
others that surpass both the foregoing in beauty are the varieties
Rosenthali and Standishi. The former is dark green and of
pyramidal form, while Standishi is light green and slightly
pendulous. Both are extremely valuable specimens for formal
use, as for planting at either side of a gateway. If a golden
form is desired use Thuya George Peabody.

Among the so-called Cedars (Juniperus) are varieties varying
in growth from erect pyramids to sprawlers, and splendid effects
may be obtained by planting Juniperus only. The varieties
include almost all the colors of the Retinisporas and may be used
to advantage where the latter would be out of place. For in-
stance, on a bank flanking steps that ascend a terrace approach
to a garden. Such a position is usually dry, but the common
Juniper (Juniperus communis) will form banks of green seen
from above while the underside shows a silvery reflex. The
spreading form (prostrata) makes an excellent ground cover;
this with the grayish variety, Sabina tamariscifolia, to vary the
tone and a plant or two of japonica aurea, the golden form, for
contrast, will please some tastes.

Juniperus Pfitzeriana, a semi-spreading form, is ideal for
relieving stiffness in a massed planting and is equally good for a
specimen. Near a pool or fountain or near wide steps, its
branches will overhang, lending a touch of “natural” effect.
The erect growing Junipers such as the Red Cedar (J. virginiana)
and its companion in blue (variety glauca), and the variety
Schotti with its light green color throughout the year, make a
splendid combination in group effects.

THE Spruces offer many temptations when selecting speci-
mens for the lawn. The Blue Spruce is so generally
planted that I often wonder whether it is for its color alone.
Englemann’s Spruce (Picea Englemanni) is really far more
graceful while not so high-toned in color. Englemanni is such a
splendid tree in every way that one could safely include it in a
list of three best Evergreens for the lawn. The Oriental Spruce
(Picea orientalis) would be one of the best three Spruces for
small grounds. It does not out-grow its surroundings as
rapidly as the Norway Spruce, and retains its lower branches
long after gaps appear in the Norways. It is also a cleaner and
more compact tree.

The Firs (Abies) include several very desirable ornamental
trees for the home grounds; Abies concolor has handsome,
feathery, somewhat blue-gray foliage that captivates everyone.
Its greatest fault is its slow recovery after transplanting unless it
has been frequently moved in the nursery. Look to this point
when purchasing!

A wonderful tree for exposed positions is the Japanese Fir
(Abies brachyphylla). During the last twelve years or so, I
have had frequent occasion to plant it in wind-swept positions
and where it had full exposure to the sun in winter, and my
experience confirms my belief that this Fir is one of the most
desirable from every point of view. Under the name of Abies
umbillicata another tree, practically identical, is offered. It
differs in the color of its cones. Not quite so wide in spread of
branches as the majority of Firs, Abies Veitchii is fast growing
and valuable for that alone at times. The leaf on the upper
side is light glossy green with a beautiful silvery sheen on the
underside. The Balsam Fir, also Fraser’s Fir will thrive in
moist ground near a stream or lake.

Among Pines there are many ornamental shapes. The
Swiss Stone Pine (Pinus cembra), slow in growth, is well i
adapted for the formal garden and immediate vicinity of the

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

363

house and has the general appearance of a compact white Pine.
But speaking of valuable plants, the Mugho Pine is without
doubt the most useful of the dwarfs, equally adapted for
terrace planting, formal garden, or hillside. It ranges in habit
from very dwarf to medium height, and also has marked irregu-
larity in growth that adds much to its interest, especially if one
has a fancy for raising young evergreens. Purchase “trans-
plants,” i. e. seedlings that have been transplanted once or
more; and so rarely are two alike that the grower is afforded a
number of types from which to select for specimens, rockwork,
etc.

Some years ago I was given a dozen two-year seedlings
that came from one cone of Picea Englemanni; later on 1
selected eight distinct forms, all beautiful in color, while the rest
were true to type. In the nursery only those that are of stand-
ard patterns, so to speak, are carried on to maturity.

The Japanese Red Pine (Pinus densiflora) is of more than
passing interest. Light green foliage makes it charming in con-
trast to the rest of the genus. The dwarf type is more regular
in habit of growth than the taller growing one and may be used
to advantage on the top of a terrace where the view is not to be
obstructed. Similar in color but more rapid in growth and par-
ticularly good for fronting a screen or wind-break is the Norway
Pine. It adds a glorious shade of green to any Pine planting and
its Japanese associate furnishes soft outline to a group.

The Umbrella Pine (Sciadopytisverticillata) is unique amongst
Pines, so should be given room to develop, not on account of its
size but to allow branches to grow, for once these are gone the
tree loses its greatest charm and value. It is too scarce to
sacrifice in close group planting.

Three distinct Hemlocks are to be considered. First the
Common Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), the best known and

undoubtedly most adaptable for general planting, especially for
hedge and other sheared use. The Southern (Tsuga Carolina) is
superb of habit with wider foliage and more twisted in arrange-
ment on the shoot, and much darker in color. 1 have used this
as a substitute for Yews in exposed gardens where Yews could
not withstand the searching winter winds. If allowed to grow
naturally its beauty of outline is remarkable. In formal plant-
ing or where planted close to paths, it may be cut back slightly
every spring and again in August. It will stand shearing and
grow very dense, but its characteristically lovely outline is then
entirely lost. The Japanese (Tsuga Sieboldi) is a lighter shade
of green and closely resembles some of the Yews.

1 have used Hemlocks in combination with Yews. The
Hemlock thus protects the Yews and together they form a
symphony in shades of green.

ANY reference to ornamental evergreen planting is incom-
plete without a word for the “broad-leaved” shrubs, such
as the Andromedas, Kalmias, and Evonymus. For partial
shade they are ideal. In full sunshine all grow and flower more
freely than when in the shade; in other words foliage in shade,
flowers in sunlight. Andromeda floribunda (better known as
the Lily-of-the-valley Bush) has sprays of white flowers in
April. The drooping Andromeda (Leucothoe Catesbaei), which
has wider foliage changing from green to a beautiful bronze in
winter, is valuable for foreground use. The evergreen Spindle
Vine (Evonymus radicans vegetus) is an invaluable vine for
the residence, especially as it has orange red fruits in winter.
For general use as an edging the common English Ivy is much
used where it can endure; but a thought is to be accorded
Pachvsandra for all round service, in shade, in sun alone; or as
a feather to shubbery masses.

PLANTING IRIS
THINGS IN

I ME was, and that not so
very long ago, when nobody
ever thought of doing at
this period any really effec-
tive work in the garden — unless he was a professional gardener,
or one of those venturesome amateurs who sailed along in
blissful disregard of all “calendar” instructions, doing the
thing at hand just when and where the impulse came. And the
strange thing about it all was that the unconventional so often
won out. Of course, the practical fact is that August does not
differ from any other month as to seasonable duties in the gar-
den; but it is often convenient to believe there is justification
for not doing the things one doesn’t want to do.

Now, as to August, there are things which can be done
amazingly well this month, especially the planting of Irises of
the German and Japanese groups; and for the same reason that
induces the moving of evergreens during this month. They are
about to make a late summer growth, but for the moment are
standing still. Some other herbaceous plants come into the
same category, but with the German Iris the present period
may well be called the ideal planting time, for pieces put out
now stretch out to the new soil and become perfectly established
before the dormant fall season arrives. How anybody can have
failure in August planting is hard to understand; yet so it is,
perhaps because of an undue solicitation for the plants’ welfare.

One thing to be remembered before all else is that the creep-
ing rootstock (or rhizome) of these species of Iris resents burial.
It likes to crawl over the surface, only half embedded. Indeed,
a little common sense analysis and observation will greatly help
in many garden matters. The Iris is a sun-lover — its perfectly

AND OTHER
AUGUST

flat leaves tell you so, and it dis-
likes shade and the companion-
ship of creeping plants that do
like shade, because they cover up
its rhizome; and by that same token its rhizomes require light!
A useful hint to remember is that Irises may be planted deeper
as their rhizomes are thinner. Hence the Orientals are to be
planted deeper than the Germans.

Common sense analysis also explains why the month is one
for seeding new lawns. The weeds have done growing for the
season and there is a better chance of getting a good stand of
grasses; but the soil needs be prepared to support the young grass
plants; with an adequate stock of humus to hold moisture.

Evergreens are very commonly planted in August — not be-
cause that month is better than any other for the job, but simply
because experience has shown that with a large ball of earth to
secure the roots undisturbed they can be handled with impunity,
and the late summer growth will establish them in their new
positions.

Seed sowing this month has well recognized advantages for
perennials and biennials, giving sturdy plants for carrying over
the winter with but little if any loss. Perennials’ seeds kept till
spring often do not germinate as freely nor as quickly, because
of drying during winter, and the necessity of regaining that mois-
ture before the plant can start. Often such seed rots in the
cold ground before it can recover its balance. In particular is
it desirable to sow Pansy seed at this time for flowers next spring.
This and such like other matters of current importance are
noted in “The Month’s Reminder,” which of course the in-
quisitive gardener reads observingly in each issue.

GREEN SYMBOLS

MARK DANIELS

Landscape Architect Formerly in Charge of U. S. National Parks

What the Spirit of Trees May Mean to the Spirit of Man
Understanding of the Significance of Growing Things Lifts Gardening
Out of Commonplaceness Into the Realm of Inspired Art

fVl^HFRE is more to trees than leaves, branches, bark, and
Iri^P roots. Through the ages man has attached to them
MW’Si a significance that is not the product of chance. Greek
mythology is enriched with numerous legends of
dryads and hamadryads. With the Greeks, the beauty of
legendry was a product of that finer sensitiveness that dis-
covers the spiritual interpretation of things apparently purely
material. Had Jupiter been Teutonic he might have trans-
formed Baucis and Philemon into pregnant equestrian statues on
the Sieges Allee instead of a buxom Linden and a sturdy Oak on
a sun-bathed hill in Phrygia.

Doctor Freud contends that much of the emotion that is
aroused in us is the result of the stirring of some nebulous, for-
gotten fancy of childhood days. In a marked degree this is
true of trees.

The fairy tales of youth are so frequently set in forests that
we have come to associate unconsciously certain forest scenes
with certain emotions. The desert mesas of Arizona would
hardly be an appropriate setting for the tale of little Red Riding-
hood nor can one picture leprechawns playing leapfrog in a dark
forest of Swamp Mahogany.

From this unconscious association of trees with forgotten
dreams of childhood comes the keen joy experienced by some
impressionable people when they find themselves in the forest.
They sense the crock of gold beneath the twisted, moss-covered
roots of an aged Oak. Their blood leaps at the sight of the
dancing golden leaves of young Poplars that frolic with the
breeze on the margin of a sunny glade. Their voices are
hushed in the great forests of towering Redwood trunks. They
feel the cold clutch of fear as they penetrate the deep shadows
where the denser forest has made accomplice of huge boulder
and blasted trunk to shape black caverns into fitting homes for
lurking beasts, and they laugh again at the sight of a Dwarf
Juniper, whose bent trunk and shrunken top, inclined by the
weight of many snows, looks like nothing so much as a little old
miller carrying a sack of corn up a hill.

Pity him who sees a difference only in the shapes and colors
of trees. He cannot feel the cloud-longing in the aspiring
branches of lofty Pines. He will never know the laughing tree
that echoes with the songs of birds. He may never see a weep-
ing tree where it mourns the waning light, shedding raindrops
like tears upon the barren graves of blossoms banished by its
sombre shade.

strive for inconsistency in the selection of trees for the garden.
The Monkey-puzzle is a fair sample of their hobbies. The
puzzle is whether the thing is a tree or a bizarre imitation, with
its snake-like, spiked tentacles repelling the sight of man. It
has no place except in the grotesque or botanical garden. Per-
haps the most ridiculous use of trees is found in California. In
that land where snow-capped peaks pour crystal waters upon
valleys as fertile as the Euphrates, where giant forests protect
the Wild Azalea from an unclouded sun, where rounded Oaks
hug the curving hills and gold and purple splashes paint the
distant fields, they plant giant Fan Palms and huge, spreading
Date Palms in twenty-foot front yards. Not only is the up-
ended Shaving-brush used in tiny spaces where the owner may
be expected to know no better but there are large estates,
planned by pseudo-landscape architects, where may be found a
Date Palm dominating a central bed, smothering four Irish
Yews and victoriously arguing with a Silver Birch, an Italian
Cypress, and a Colorado Blue Spruce. This in one of the
garden spots of the world! Truly, the cobbler’s sons wear no
shoes.

How different is this from the thought and care exercised by
the Japanese and the sympathy with which they interpret the
spirit of the trees they employ in their gardens, for they have
gone a long way in this form of spiritual interpretation. Certain
trees such as the “Tree of Upright Spirit” (Shojin-boku), the
“View-perfecting Tree” (Keiyo-boku) and the “Tree of
Solitude” (Sekizen-boku) are carefully and sympathetically
employed to fit selected moods. The “Tree of Solitude”
is always one of dark, dense foliage that casts deep shadows.
In China it is used to shade the “Thinking Seat.” The
“Tree of Upright Spirit” is usually a tall Pine of stately
form. Would the Japanese plant Cacti and Poppies in their
temple grounds? I do not think the fact that one was in-
digenous and the other abundant would lead the Japanese, as it
has us, to employ them in such service.

1 am not decrying the merits of any tree, only the ignorant
and unsympathetic use of them. 1 have seen growths of
Palms in their native habitat that were most inspiring. 1 have
also seen them planted where they looked well. Every tree and
shrub has its place and many of them lend charm to a great
variety of settings. Some, however, look well in very few
places indeed and no one lacking a deep and sympathetic feeling
for them may hope to use their varied types with true success.

As Individual Expressions

APPRECIATION of the individuality of trees is the key to
. the interpretation of what they express, and the interpreta-
tion of tree and floral expression is the soul of landscape archi-
tecture. It is not only through an association of ideas, but
sometimes through a deeper, hidden sense that some people
experience radically dissimilar emotions in the enviroment of
different kinds of trees. Were the Greeks prompted to dedicate
the Cypress to Pluto and to place a Cypress branch in the homes
of departed friends through the association of ideas? If so,
what race before them did anything of the sort that could suggest
such a thought? We plant Hollyhocks and Mountain Ash,
Cactus and Harebells, and try to make them grow over the
graves of those whose eyes are mercifully closed for all time to
the horrors of some of our burial grounds.

It would seem that a few of our modern landscape gardeners

TO THE sympathetic the spirit of the trees is as obvious as
their different forms. The broad Oak that spreads its
welcome noonday shade over dozing cattle in the sun-scorched
valleys expresses protection and steadfastness. The Silver
Birches that line the cool streams of the north are the virgins of
the forest. The Spruces are the queens, the great Pines are the
kings, and the Sequoias the high priests of the forest people.
There are princes, lords, court jesters, gnomes, pygmies, and
elves. Was there ever a thing that looked more like a witch
than the old witch tree on the Del Monte peninsula?

As the Sequoias compel reverence so do the kingly great Pines
express power and uprightness, the small Pines industry, and
the Oaks steadfastness. The low Poplars, Alders, and Aspens
are for playfulness; the Maples, Lindens, and Sycamores for
domesticity. The Silver Birches, so like the slender virgins
of a Boticelli, must ever be the emblem of purity. The form and

'Tie Carden Magazine, August, 1921

365

ONE OF NATURE'S GROUPINGS OF THE “GREEN SYMBOLS” OF DOMESTICITY

"Autumn in Oregon is wet as Spring,

And green, with little singings in the grass,
And pheasants flying.

Autumn in Oregon — * * *

* * * a blur of blue and rain
Across the old Willamette.”

Mary Carolyn Davies.

366

odor of the Magnolia suggest luxury and voluptuousness while
every line, every swollen knuckle of the Mesa Cedar expresses
thrift. Since humor in the landscape can be attained only by
introducing the grotesque, it will be found in the odd shapes of
the stunted Pines and Junipers of higher altitudes. As for
tragedy, its very soul is in the Pines and Cypresses of our wind-
swept coasts.

In the northern coast range mountains of California grows a
hundred mile forest of Sequoia sempervirens. Their huge
trunks line the road like the
columns of a cathedral aisle.

If higher thoughts may be
induced by the sight of any-
thing, surely this forest will
arouse them. In the Sierra
Nevada are the Sequoia gi-
gantea. They were hoary
old giants in the days of
Herod. They are the oldest,
the largest, and the most
tenacious of life of all living
things. 1 n their presence the
voice of the chattering tourist
is hushed and hats are re-
moved from heads that know
no bareness save at night.

On the Monterey peninsula
is a grove of Cypress. Their
trunks are gnarled and
twisted. The undersides of
their branches are corroded
to a burnt orange by the
salt mists of ages, but their
golden green tops still glow
in the sunlight. Some say
they are the progenitors of the
Cedars of Lebanon. What-
ever their lineage, for sheer
picturesque beauty they are
unsurpassed.

IF HE who died so glor-
iously could say thus mod-
estly, “ Poems are made by
fools like me, but only God
can make a tree,” is it pre-
sumptuous on the part of
others to write about them?

Should it appear so my an-
swering plea is that, in some
of us, the instinct to speak of
the ones we love is sometimes
too strong to be denied. But
to love an object one must
know it. One may possess
two kinds of knowledge of
living things, physical and
spiritual. Many have a phys-
ical knowledge of trees. Only
a few reach the inner shrine
of a spiritual knowledge of
them. To acquire such an
understanding of anything
necessitates an intimacy that
is not attained by many, at
least in the case of trees.

Would you lift this veil of Isis? Would you see the
leprechawns at play in a mossy glade? Would you hear the
peaceful songs of the kingdom of serenity? If so, spend a
month in a canoe on the Birch lined rivers of Canada; tramp
through the Adirondacks when the color is in the Beech and

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921 I

Chestnut leaves; break your way through the dense woods of
Virginia when the Dogwood and Judas-trees are in bloom; !
stretch out upon the grass in the shade of a huge moss-festooned
Oak in Louisiana; inhale the fragrance of Magnolias while the
mockingbirds sing to you on a moonlit night in the Carolinas,
and in a year or so you will begin to feel some of the love that
springs from intimacy with trees.

Take the trail on the plateaus of Arizona when the Cactus is in
bloom; build your campfire of dead branches from stunted

Cedars on the Mesa Verde; I
snowshoe through Colorado
when the Spruces are spark-
ling with snow; ride days and
days along the trails that ,
thread the northern expanse
of the Great Divide, and per- i
haps the spirit of the trees j
will whisper to you. Swing
down through Oregon’s for-
ests of giant Firs; sleep on the
deep covering of pine needles
in the vast timberlands of
California; ascend the slopes
of the Sierra Nevada through
groves of slender lodge-poles;
skirt the land of solitude,
sentineled by hoary Foxtail
Pines; follow the crest past
dwarfed, gnarled, and aged
Junipers that rive the granite
cliffs, and come to rest in
the corner of a giant Sequoia’s
hollow trunk with the turrets
of your castle towering hun-
dreds of feet above you — do
these things and you may
come to know what some men
mean when they speak of the
spirit of the trees.

A spiritual knowledge of
trees would go a long way
toward obviating the re-
peated errors of garden de-
signers who use trees inap-
propriately. Everyone re-
alizes that the top of a knoll
is no place for the Lily pool.
He may know that Sedges
and Rushes do not belong in
the Rose garden. If he were
as familiar with the character
of trees as he is with the
nature of water and Rushes
he would not plant a Cypress
by the children’s sand pile.

To set down anything like
an outline of what might con-
stitute the proper use of trees
demands some sort of class-
ification of gardens that is
based upon character. It
will not suffice to employ the
ordinary types such as formal,
natural, and picturesque.
These are based on form
rather than character. A
formal garden may express anything. So may a natural one.
Lombardy Poplars may be used in both with equal propriety.
To determine whether a tree is properly used in a garden one
must know what is the spirit of the garden itself. Such a group-
ing as romantic gardens, playful gardens, industrial gardens.

Huy. .es Photo., St. Paul

“THE GREAT DIVIDE”

“Ride days on days along the northern trails that thread
the Great Divide and you may come to know what some
men mean when they speak of the spirit of the trees"

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

Jb /

PALM CANYON, CALIFORNIA

“I have seen Palms in their native habitat where they looked very well indeed but 1 have seldom seen them at home in a city garden”

religious gardens is needed, but the list would be all but inter-
minable. Since the difference in their characters seems to
have been overlooked of late, it may not be out of place to
consider only the broad, general classification into city gardens
and country gardens.

Where City Planting is in Mind

A FEW standards of propriety can be established for such
a grouping, although the types, with good taste, may be
more or less intermingled; for it is quite conceivable that,
with space enough, one may bring into the city garden a
breath of the country. It is this very fact that leads to im-
propriety. In the effort to bring into the city some of the spirit
of the open country trees and shrubs are used that are utterly
out of place.

In the city the use of such trees as Sycamores, Mountain
Hemlocks, Sugar Pines, and Madornes for smaller gardens is like
keeping a meadow lark in a cage. Certain animals take kindly
to domestication, so do certain trees. Poplars, Yews, Hol-
lies, Beeches, Lindens, and flowering fruits will be as con-
tented in the city garden (speaking from the standpoint of
character) as tabby on the hearth. A Cactus will always be a
coyote in the kennel.

From the long list of trees that will thrive in most cities it is
not difficult to find enough for a garden. The problem is how to
resist the temptation to over-indulge the love of variety, but
this desire may not be gratified without loss. It is true that
the need of color, cheer, golden green foliage, and the songs of
birds is much greater in the city where smoke, dust, and the
rattle of traffic transform a mere lawn into an oasis; but the
squirrel in the cage is not more content in his confinement be-

cause a linnet chirps in a prison near by, nor will a man who
trudges wearily to and from his work be cheered by the sight of
a Pine that mourns the solitude of the peaks.

All trees were, of course, at one time natural growth, from
which it may be argued that any tree that will thrive in the city
may be used there. This is not true. Just as we, through the
centuries, gradually have domesticated certain animals and failed
to do so with others so have we, consciously or unconsciously,
come to associate certain trees with human habitations. A
leopard curled by the fireplace would be a beautiful sight but,
until his entire character had changed, his presence there would
be an anachronism. His every movement is of the wild places,
and until he has changed from leopard to spotted cat he is out of
place in the home. You may chain him there and he may
live, but that is all.

In the high sierra is a grove of Foxtail Pines. Approaching
the Siberian Outposts on the slopes of Mt. Whitney the trail
winds in and out amongst them. Their motionless masses,
silhouetting serenity against the sparkling sky, “gaze gi-
gantically down” upon the smaller denizens of the altitudes.
Contentment and the peace of eternity are stamped upon
them. You may chain one in your front yard and he may
live, but that is all. You may have his branches, trunk,
and roots, but his spirit will ever be in the high sierra, and
one who knows his tribe will mourn with him for his departed
freedom.

It is not so with the Maple, Elm, Poplar, Hornbeam, Haw-
thorn, Yew, Beech, Ash, Horse-chestnut, Hickory, Acacia,
Magnolia, and certain varieties of Spruce, Cypress, Cedar, and
Pine. Most of the nut and flowering fruit trees also are in
harmony with the city garden. If you would have a garden in

368

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

the city use these trees. The stately Lawson Cypress will give
scale. A Cedar of Lebanon will introduce character and deep
shadows. A Colorado Blue Spruce may either ornament the
lawn or add a high light to a group of dark Pines. The berries
and autumn leaves of Mountain Ash, the blossoms of Haw-
thorns and the gold of the Acacia will lend their colors to the
composition. Elms, Maples, and Lindens will protect shade-
loving plants from the sun. Do not bring Manzanita and
Madrone from the hills, Palm and Cactus from the desert,
expecting them to exhale in the garden a breath of the open.
They may do so just once and die. If they live, their chains
will be visible to all who have a sense of the eternal fitness of
things.

What Fits about the Country Home

IN THE country anything may thrive. Trees, as well as
human beings, like to get back to nature. As the city dweller
tries to bring the country to the city so, frequently, it may be
desired to bring to the country a beat from the heart of the
metropolis. In such cases it were better to secure the effect
with something other than trees.

There is a distinction between domestic trees for the city and
those for the country that is difficult to define. A cow is a
domestic animal, but she does not belong in the city. A Syca-
more is a domestic tree that is characteristic of the country. So
are the Oaks, Alders, Elders, Peppers, and Willows. Birches are
used by many gardners to adorn city lawns. They are always
beautiful, but 1 have seldom felt that they were happily placed
there. In the suburban garden they are more at home. Here

may be a stream along whose banks they will thrive, joining in
contented chorus with the Dogwood and Azaleas.

Of all the trees most in harmony with the country place none
can compare with the Sycamore, Oak, Poplar and Sugar
Maple. For centuries poetry and legend have identified the
Oak and the Sycamore with the home. That they belong in-
the country is only another evidence that there alone may be
found a home in the true sense of the word. The Lombardy
Poplars are particularly proper in the country. They are not
so formal as the Italian Cypress and yet have the architectural
lines that suggest human thought and order. Acacias, Elms,
Walnuts, Magnolias, Tulip-trees, and Silk-oaks are other har-
monious notes in the country.

The deciduous trees are much less likely to be out of char-
acter in the country place than the evergreens. It is the
conifers that must be selected with most care. Here, as well as
in the city, trees should not be planted merely because they will
grow. It is not out of place to seek domestic trees from foreign
lands. From Japan we may call for Thuyas and Cryptomerias;
from England Yews and the Holly; from Italy the Pines and
Cypress.

For conifers in the country place there are Italian Stone
Pines, Cedars of Lebanon, some native Firs and Cedars, Deodars,
Cypress, and Cryptomeria, and many others that will fit in
perfectly with the domestic atmosphere of a home in the
country. As for employing exotic trees merely because they
are beautiful to gaze upon, I would not drag a mountain Hem-
lock from its silent vigil by the border of a snow-rimed tarn for
all the gardens in Christendom.

F. M . Fraley. Photo.

THE CYPRESS TREES OF PEBBLE BEACH, CALIFORNIA

“Forms grotesque and tragic, bent by the salt winds of ages, in their gnarled

and twisted trunks may be seen griffins, gnomes, and elves”

SCREEN PLANTING FOR QUICK EFFECT

NORMAN K. MORSE

Landscape Architect

When Large-Sized, Quick-Growing Trees and Shrubs Serve
a Really Useful Purpose From the Time They Are Set Out

HAS ALL THE APPEARANCE OF AGE

Large-sized shrubs of quick-growing
nature were used and this practical
screen is only a few months old

RDINARILY, the regulation
size of nursery stock is the most

practical to use, but it not in-
frequently happens that in the
late summer plants can be had with all
the season’s growth and which planted
early enough will establish themselves in
the new location without serious check.
The newly built house in particular
stands in need of this sort of handling
before the winter sets in. The main
angles can be blocked out and a partial
screen set in front of the accessory build-
ings, such as a garage, etc., or even to
screen the necessary woodpile. There
is a double advantage in such plant-
ing for besides having the benefit during
winter, the backbone, as it were, is ready
for the requirements of spring.

In the case illustrated California
Privet which had been allowed to grow
in the nursery with plenty of room all
around was used, the plants being about
six feet in diameter and ten feet high.
Privet transplants with small danger of
loss and grows quickly.

Lombardy Poplar in a straight line
is frequently used for this sort of
screen and it answers the purpose to
some extent; but a much more attrac-
tive planting could be made where the
space is available, by using the Poplars
in small groups interspersed with some
of the faster growing trees such as the
Silver Maple, Carolina Poplar, Ailanthus,
Catalpa speciosa. Linden, Plane, Willow,
etc. And these trees can be “feathered
flowering shrubs to cover the trunks

HIDING THE WOODPILE
AND OUTBUILDINGS

Compare with the plan and judge
the effectiveness of the screen

California Privet 12-14 ft.

Hemlock before Privet
Flowering shrubs 2-6 ft. high
Hemlocks fronting Dogwoods 4-10 ft.
Rhododendron fronting Hemlock
Rhododendron fronting Barberry
Flowering Shrubs 2-6 ft.

Summer House

down” with some
and fill the gaps.

spring and will then
than was the original

THE GARDEN SCREEN

California Privet, Weigelas, Vibur-
nums, Rhododendrons were used
freely. (Three years after planting)

A screen consists not altogether in
covering the actual view of the objec-
tionable feature, but in creating at the
same time an interesting spot to hold
the eye. The principal disadvantage
with the screens which grow quickly
is, of course, the fact that they are
not permanent. This can be overcome,
however, by planting more lasting ma-
terial at the same time, and, as it de-
velops, cutting out those things of rank
growth.

As an example: with the above-
mentioned plants set out in fall with
some of the Evergreens to give the
all-year-round effect, some Oaks of vari-
ous kinds, and Beech, Walnut, Ash,
Sweet Gum, Sour Gum, Hickory, etc.,
could be added in spring. The best
Evergreens would probably be the Pines
— White, Himalayan, Scotch, and Aus-
trian; and, if in the Northern States, the
Norway Spruce and Balsam Fir. These
could be feathered down with Hemlocks
and Rhododendrons, with Leucothoe and
Pachysandra on the fringe.

In selecting trees for a screen planting
take those of rather a bushy, low
branching growth which can be had
from the nurseries just as easily as the
high branching, single trunk plants — and
sometimes they are a little less in price.
If you must take the thin, single trunk
kind it can be thickened quickly by
cutting back the top about a third,
which will force out the shoots in the
make a growth that is much thicker
tree; a device worth trying.

369

POOL

ana

ROCKERY

>f

Mrs. Louis S. Le\)y

Dobbs Ferry) -on-the-Hudson
Mev? York

Photographs by Florence Kepner
and R. B. Whitman

A rockery feature seemed the
natural appropriate develop-
ment of this spot, which atop
Beacon Hill is set in and
surrounded by outcrops of
native stone. Mrs Levy ap-
proached the problem boldly
and worked with a broad
conception. The actual gar-
den is her own creation built
up to accommodate a rare
collection of plants of low
stature. The introduction of
water in pool, cascade, and
stream gave further oppor-
tunity for specialized plant-
ings, and its activity gives a
sense of reality to the formally
introduced swimming pool,
though in fact the two are
quite distinct

You surmount the rocky heights by
easily graded and winding walks and
steps leading to a rustic bridge across
the falls; the bank of the miniature gorge
is planted with dwarf conifers and broad-
leaved evergreens

The rockery is on the observer’s right. The swim-
ming pool is introduced as a dominant note in the
garden scheme, and beyond is the tea terrace whence
vistas of the garden are had across the water

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

371

Across one end of the lawn the formal pool, planned for water
sports, is bordered by the extensive rock garden designed
in the manner of outcropping ridge of native rock, adown
which tumbles a crystal stream of no mean proportions

At the highest point where the falls begin, the intro-
duction of water to a rustic stone-bordered basin
like an ancient pot-hole is contrived skillfully to
conceal the evidence of handicraft

Tumbling down its glistening way the water passes
from topmost basin by a series of broken turbulent
falls to a steadily flowing stream, bordered by na-
tive plants, to a final catch basin some distance off
whence the water is returned by a pump

THE NEW CRAFT OF MAKING PLANTS TO ORDER

J. L. COLLINS

Dept, of Genetics, California Agricultural Experiment Station

Editor's Note: — During the last few years immense strides have been made in the way of breeding plants toward a definite
ideal. So much so, in fact, that it is not an exaggeration to say that nowadays it is actually possible (within certain limitations,
of course), to evolve a new plant that shall combine desired characters already existing in separate individuals. The steps by which
this condition has been reached have both the romance and charm of a fairy tale. Many gardeners, however, are still somewhat in
the dark as to the possibilities of hybridization, although the matter has so impressed the great seed-growing industry as to lead to
quite new methods of work. One large concern, indeed, has recently secured the exclusive services of Dr. H. J. Webber as director of
seed breeding, lately of the University of California and of Cornell, and before that known the world over for his work at Washington
in making a hardy, long-staple cotton. A subject of this nature is perforce full of technical terms — many of which had to be made
for the purpose — and cannot be presented in the words of the kindergarten; but we feel that Prof. Collins has acquitted himself ably
in the task of laying before our readers, in as plain terms as practicable, an outline of the present status of knowledge of this newest
and alluring development of the gardener’s craft.

The present article is the first of a series of three that will cover the main points in different branches of plant breeding.

rrr^IHE eternal desire to find something new ever has
stimulated and molded the activities of students of
gfe nature and the man dealing with plants has been,
Tr indeed, no exception.

It was only in the year 1694 that a definite beginning was
made toward the solution of controlled plant production when
Camerarius, a German professor of philosophy and a botanist
as well, discovered through actual experiment that the pollen of
plants was absolutely indispensable to the fertilization of the
seeds, also that the pollen-producing parts of a flower are male,
and the seed-bearing parts female. In the years that followed
there was much theorizing and speculation on the problems of in-
heritance, but no further real progress toward their solution was
made until about the period of time covered by our Civil War.

It was during this period that Johann Gregor Mendel, an
Augustinian monk living in a monastery at Briinn, Austria,
began searching for the answer to problems of heredity. He
spent eight years making and studying hybrids between varie-
ties of Peas. From these experiments, he discovered that when
he crossed varieties differing in some one or more pairs of char-
acters, such as green seeds and
yellow seeds, the hybrid would
have only one kind of seed.

From cases of this kind where
only one of the two parental
characters appeared in the hy-
brid he formulated his "law of
dominance." The parental
character which did not appear
in the hybrid he considered as
“recessive.” Among the seeds
on the plants produced by the
hybrids there appeared both the
original forms in the proportion
of 3 dominant to 1 recessive.

This separating in the second
generation of the parental char-
acters which had associated to-
gether in the seed of the hybrid
Mendel called the “ law of segre-
gation.”

In the year 1866 Mendel gave
to the world, in these laws, the
key with the aid of which it was
possible to unlock many of the
secrets of heredity; but alas —
everybody was then so engrossed
with Darwin’s recently an-
nounced theory of evolution and
the origin of species that not un-
til 1900, when Mendel’s records
were again found, were they
finally recognized at their true
value. Previous to 1900 new

INBRED AND CROSS-BRED PLANTS
OF THE SAME SPECIES

plants and animals were obtained only as chance happenings;
but this old order has changed, giving place to new, more rapid
and efficient methods made possible by the contribution of this
Augustinian monk.

The plant breeder can now almost make plants to order.
Asked for a wilt-resistant Watermelon to save the Watermelon
industry for Florida; and presto! the plant breeder takes the
disease-resisting quality of an inedible Melon and combines it
with the commercial Watermelon and gives it to the planter;
wanted a particular breed of cattle without horns — the animal
breeder produces it; and so it goes.

Not only is it now possible to shuffle characters of plants and
animals almost at will; but we are, thanks to the careful work of
modern botanists and plant breeders, also learning the answers
to some of those age-old perplexing problems involved in the
mating of near relatives, known technically as inbreeding, and
of the sudden appearance of unusual, grotesque forms.

Very few people who deal with some kind of growing plants
but have wondered about an occasional peculiar specimen
among a large number of ordinary seedlings! What gardener

has not noticed white stalks of

Wild plants of the Sunflower family which are in nature highly cross
fertilized. What three generations of inbreeding will do to them is
shown by the two plants at the left. The large one is a cross-bred plant
of the same species. One of the parents was the parent of the inbred
plants and the other belonged to another variety of the same species

a few Corn seedlings in his field
or garden, and perhaps paused
to ponder about it — would it
turn green as it grew older?
Surely he had never noticed a
mature plant so lacking in green
color! What florist has not
found two or more flowers grown
fused together; or the stems of
plants flattened, covered with
numerous leaves and terminated
by many abnormally shaped
blossoms on fine, slender stems?
Any of us have seen now and
then little puny, weak, dwarf-
like plants when all the sister
plants were vigorous and ro-
bust, or, on the other hand,
have been astonished at the re-
markable size and vigor of a
few plants among many ordi-
nary ones.

These odd forms are in most
cases recessive characters which
follow the Mendelian laws of
heredity. The white Corn seed-
ling one occasionally sees is a
character of this kind. The
thing that is to determine the
production of a hereditary char-
acter is called by breeders a
“character determiner” or a
"germinal factor” and is located

372

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

373

in the germ cells (which,
in a plant, are known as
the ovules or, in young
seeds, as the female germ
cells; and the pollen
grains as the male germ
cells.)

A male and a female
germ cell must unite into
one cell, the process of
fertilization, to produce
a viable seed which will
give rise to a .new plant.

A “recessive” character
must be carried or shown
by both parents in
order that such a charac-
ter can become visible in
their offspring. On the
other hand, a“dominant”
character is one which
will show in the offspring
whether it is a character
of only one or of both the
parents. A recessive
character is thus pre-
vented from appearing
by the presence of the
dominant character,
whereas it could develop
if the dominant charac-
ter were absent. Green
color in a Corn seedling
is a dominant character.

Purely white seedlings
always die as soon as
they have used all the
food stored in the grain
from which they grew.

This green coloring mat-
ter in the plant (the
chlorophyl) is the chem-
ical machine for the
manufacture of starch
from the carbon dioxide
of the air. Without the
starch the plant cannot
live and in this way the lack of green in the Corn seedling
causes its death.

A plant which receives the recessive character, white, from
one parent and the dominant character, green, from the other
will be green and grow in a normal way. It will, however, be a
hybrid and able from self-fertilized seed to produce green and
white seedlings in the proportion of 3 green to 1 white. While
this is of most interest as a natural phenomenon it also has a
certain practical bearing on crop production, inasmuch as
Corn which carries this recessive factor will not produce as good
a field stand as Corn free from it, because every white stalk of
Corn means a vacant place in the field. Ordinarily, the per-
centage of white seedlings in a field is so low that it is not worth
while to try to eradicate the hereditary factor from the seed.
If, however, a farmer or gardener should find very many of these
white seedlings and should care to take measures to eliminate
this from his seed stock it can be done in the following way.

AS STATED above, the green plants, hybrid for the white
/Y condition, produce seedlings in the ratio of 3 green to 1
white. All the white plants die as seedlings, leaving only the
green ones to produce seed, and it is therefore evident that some
of these green stalks are able to produce white plants. It has
been found by experiments that about two thirds of these green

plants when self-fertil-
ized will again produce
both green and white
seedlings in the same
ratio as before and that
one third of the seedlings
will produce only green
seedlings. By looking at
the Corn, both growing
and after gathering, no
difference between the
pure green and the
hybrid green plants can
be discovered.

The gardener must
select certain plants to
produce his seed ears
and cover both tassels
and shoots before the
pollen ripens and before
the silks appear on the
shoots. The bags to be
put over the shoots to
protect the silks should
have the bottom opened
by cutting off a small
strip from the end of the
folded bag thus making
a paper cylinder. Fold
about one inch of the
cut portion over once
and hold in place with
an ordinary paper clip.
Several days later, when
the silks have appeared,
remove the clip from the
folded end of the bag,
open it, then cut off the
bagged tassel, cut a hole
in the corner of the bag
and shake the pollen over
the silks. Close up the
top of the bag on the ear
and replace the clip.
This same method may
be used in cross hybrid-
izing Corn except that
the pollen must be taken from another plant.

About 100 ears self-pollinated in this way will supply enough
seed for the garden or truck farmer. Before the spring planting
time, plant in boxes 30 grains from each of the self-pollinated
ears, numbering ears and rows of planted grains to correspond.
After the Corn comes up, if any row of the 30 grains produces
any white seedlings, throw out of the seed collection the ear from
which these seeds came. It would be fairly safe to say that the
ears which produced no white seedlings were free from this
character and could be used for planting the truck or garden crop
and would perhaps produce a higher percentageof mature plants.

INBREEDING with plants and animals has had its ins
and outs, its ups and downs. There is perhaps no other
thing in nature about which there has been so much con-
jecture, superstition, and ignorance. Who has not heard
tales of the dire calamities following the mating of rela-
tives? Have we not had laws from the days of antiquity to
discourage such a practice in the human race? During the last
decade the geneticists have done much to clear up the situation;
and especially has the work on naturally cross and self-fertilized
plants contributed to this enlightenment.

When naturally cross-fertilized plants — such as Corn, certain
plants of the Sunflower family, and most of our fruits — are

FREAK PRODUCTS OF SELF-FERTILIZATION

The "corrupt fruit” of inbreeding. Such abnormal and monstrous plants
as these have helped to give to the practice of inbreeding the bad repu-
tation which it commonly bears. These are hereditary, but being reces-
sive characters seldom appear except when the plants are inbred by forced
self-fertilization. The stems of the upper plants are flat and ribbon like;
those of the lower plants are round but grow in a screw-like spiral

374

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

closely inbred for three or four generations all kinds of mal-
formed, dwarf, weakly, sterile, and semi-sterile plants may
appear along with others of the normal type. But let it be re-
membered that these same forms may be found, though rarely,
when no forced inbreeding has been practiced. This shows us
that some of the plants, at least, have the potentialities for pro-
ducing these abnormal plants, and it only needs certain condi-
tions to make them appear. The necessary condition is the
chance for the meeting of the same kind of germ cells during
fertilization; and inbreeding furnishes these conditions.

Most of such abnormal forms are “Mendelian recessives,”
which require that the character determiner be received from
both the male and female germ cells of the parents in order for
the character to appear. If the germinal material of a plant
does not contain the factors for these recessive characters then
no amount of inbreeding can produce them. The only injury
proceeding from inbreeding comes from the inheritance received
from the parents. If these abnormal characters show up after
inbreeding, it is only because they already existed in the stock
and were able to persist in the germinal material for generation
after generation under the protection of more favorable domi-
nant characters which kept them from appearing.

Inbreeding is a method of purifying the hereditary material of
a species or variety. It causes the undesirable forms to appear
and be discarded, leaving only desirable plants. The accompany-
ing illustrations show some of the abnormal forms which may
appear as a result of inbreeding a naturally cross-fertilized plant.

Inbreeding in naturally cross-fertilized plants often causes a
general reduction in size, productiveness, and vigor of all the
plants in addition to exposing to view the “family skeletons.”
Vigor as great or even greater than that of the original plants
may be secured by crossing the inbred strains. This increase in
growth and productiveness is known as “hybrid vigor or
heterosis.” Plant breeders of the eighteenth century noted the
occurrence of hybrid vigor, but only recently have attempts
been made to take advantage of it in a practical way in increas-
ing crop yields.

The greatest vigor and productiveness is obtained in the first
hybrid generation; second and later generations from the same
hybrid show less and less of this increase and, because of this,
whoever plans to profit by this heterosis should use only first
generation seed.

The definite production of hybrid seeds depends on the hand
pollinations of the two parent varieties. It must be borne in
mind that this principle can be utilized advantageously only with
such plants as produce a large number of seeds from a single
flower or which have the pistillate and staminate flowers on
separate plants. Some of the garden and crop plants falling in
the first category are Tomatoes, Tobacco, Squashes, Pumpkins,
Canteloupes, Watermelons, Corn, and Cucumbers. In the
latter class are Asparagus, Hemp, and Hops.

Inbreeding in naturally self-fertilized plants such as Lettuce,
Beans, Peas, Wheat, Barley, and Oats does not cause the appear-
ance of abnormal plants nor a reduction in vigor, for the reason
that they are highly inbred due to their method of pollina-
tion. All abnormal and weakly plants have been eliminated
long ago and only the purified strains remain. They then refuse
to show family skeletons because they have none hidden away
behind dominant characters.

We may conclude that inbreeding in itself is not a harmful
practice; that it only serves to produce pure types from a mixed
hereditary material, and the number of types produced will
depend upon the number of hereditary recessive factors in the
germplasm of the individuals with which the inbreeding is be-
gun. Any particular individual may be vigorous or weak,
fertile or sterile, normal or abnormal, good, bad, or indifferent,
depending upon the combination of hereditary factors received
from the parents. Many of the types produced this way will
be recessives or combinations of recessives which seldom are
seen under ordinary circumstances, because hidden by the
dominant factors of the germplasm. These recessives are the
“corrupt fruit” which give the bad name to inbreeding, for
they are nearly always undesirable from the grower’s point of
view.

Professor Collins’s second article, to appear in September, further discusses the relation between Hybrid Seed and Increased Crops.

THE OLD GARDENS OF PENNSYLVANIA

X. COMPTON, AN ARBORETUM
NEAR PHILADELPHIA

JOHN W. HARSHBERGER

Professor of Botany, University of Pennsylvania

;0 ESTATE near Philadelphia promises to develop into
a finer arboretum than Compton, which is situated on
one of the principal streams feeding the Delaware River
HU system, and commands some magnificent views over
Piedmont country from the hilltops within its boundaries.

Its founder was fortunate in having ample means to develop
the arboretum from artistic and scientific points of view. His
tastes also enabled him to plan for the future development of
the place on broad lines. Although the trees and shrubs of
rare botanic interest have been planted but a short time, rela-
tively speaking, they have been placed so that they can reach
their best development as the years go by. Besides native
trees and shrubs, which are well represented at Compton, many
of the new introductions from China and Japan raised at the
Arnold Arboretum in Massachusetts have been planted.

The figures in the
map indicate the
locations of the
gardens and their
sequence in the
series

The former owner of Compton, now deceased, was one of the
contributors of the fund raised to send Mr. E. H. Wilson to the
Orient in search of plants suitable for American and European
gardens. He, therefore, received as his quota a number of con-
signments of the Chinese and Japanese shrubs and trees which
promise to stand the climatic conditions of eastern North America.

375

SOME ATTRACTIVE USES OF COMPTON'S ABUNDANT WATER SUPPLY

It is curiously interesting to come upon this bit of ancient Greece so much at home on. the banks of a Pennsylvania pond;
and standing upon the temple steps with a great swan floating up to feed, the visitor enjoys a moment of old-world
serenity. The pool in the lower picture is characterized by a simplicity rare and dignified, and wisely unspoiled by

any attempt at aquatic planting

376

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

GLIMPSE OF THE HILLSIDE
GARDEN

Its rolling character affords the
planter of Compton all sorts of
opportunities for effective climax
and much diversity of treatment;
here we have a hint of the Italian

The garden is well watered from three springs with a flow of
1 30 gallons, 200 gallons, and 500 gallons per minute respectively.
The water from these springs is carried by a one and a half inch
pipe to the garden where it is distributed to the streams and
ponds which make the place such a beauty spot. With this
abundant supply of water, many things can be grown which
otherwise would be languishing failures.

Along the stream forming the western boundary line of
Compton and overhung with bold, picturesque rocks, is a piece of
natural woodland, the carpet of which has been diversified by
encouraging the Star of Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum),
Sweet Cicely (Osmorrhiza), Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum)
and other woodland plants to untrammeled growth. A wind-
ing path leads down from the greenhouse with its remarkable
fern grotto to the rocks jutting over the quiet reaches of the
stream.

THE best study of the grounds may be made by beginning at
the lodge gate and proceeding along the driveway to the
pond which is constantly fed by a stream flowing down to it
through a Japanese garden situated on the slopes of the hill

above. On the side of the pond opposite from the driveway is a
little circular Greek temple of white marble in purest Doric
style, with steps to the water’s edge from which the visitor
tempted to descend may feed the white swan swimming so
majestically about.

If we follow the stream below the pond, we come into a grove
of trees harboring a quaint log cabin with cobblestone chimney
embowered in Rhododendrons. Along the moist margin of the
near-by stream are Cinnamon Ferns, Star of Bethlehem, and
similar plants that flourish in wet soil. Not far away are beds
of Azaleas, of which one of the most attractive species in flower
when the place was visited on May 19th was Anarcissiflora with
lavender colored corollas. Azalea amoena, and other varieties
with yellow and flame-colored flowers are also planted here.

The showy shrubs noted on the hillside plantation were
Deutzia (Boule de Neige, also gracilis); red Peonies; Viburnums
(opulus sterilis, and the variety Sargentii with flowers having
a fetid odor); Kerria japonica; Philadelphus coronarius nanus;
and Spiraea dasyantha with open, loose-branching habit, also
the more familiar variety Van Houttei.

One of the impressive features at Compton in mid May is an

arboreal fence of Snowballs
(Viburnum plicatum), and
off at one side a tree of
Silver-bell (Halesia tetrap-
tera) in full bloom, a per-
fect dream tree in white. |
Straight before us is a foun- 1
tain gushing out of a pile i
of rocks over which Vibur-
num plicatum throws its
snowy balls and Evonymus
radicans variegata climbs.
This cascade feeds another
fountain at a lower level
after the style of Italian
villa gardens. Large Chi-
nese vases and Etruscan
urns are placed at intervals,
and always appropriately.
The terrace with marble
balustrade ends in a garden
house almost completely
covered with vines. From
here the spreading bush of
Elaeagnus pungens from
Japan shows silvery gray
in the distance, breaking
the monotony of the com-
moner shades of green of
trees near by. A rare tree,
Pinus monophylla, from
western North America
seems to be thoroughly es-
tablished here.

THE Japanese garden
represents a knoll of
garden ground with pools
and waterfalls over which
the attractive vari-colored
Maples send their branches.
The Japanese artist has

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

377

A KNOLL IN THE JAPANESE GARDEN

The little god pensively ensconced under a tree from his own land, the Japanese Red Pine (Pinus densiflora),
adds a convincing touch to this exotic planting in the older of the two Japanese gardens at Compton

successfully placed Cryptomeria japonica, Juniperus excelsa
var. stricta, and Sciadopitys verticillata. A few of these trees
are supported by wicker frames, which at infinite trouble have
been made to hold up the branches and train them in the
direction desired. In the newer part of the arboretum a still
more remarkable Japanese garden is found, where large upright
slabs of rock carved with Japanese votive figures have been set
up. At flowering time the rock pockets are filled with the bloom
of Phlox subulata, Azalea lutea, Alyssum saxatile, Bleeding
Heart (Dielytra spectabilis), enhanced by Japanese Maples of
all colors and the spreading, lustrous Cotoneaster horizontalis.
Undoubtedly this rock garden is one of the finest near Philadel-
phia.

The flower garden is below the house on the southeast slope of
the hill. The beds are outlined with trim Box hedges, and
are gay with Hollyhocks, Larkspurs, Columbines, Foxgloves,
and glorious masses of Phlox; many varieties in season.

The newest introductions have been placed beyond a high
iron fence, marking the original southern boundary of Compton.
Here have been placed in systematic sequence numerous recent
acquisitions from China and Japan. In this part of the arbore-
tum there are several noteworthy architectural garden feat-
ures; but it will take some years for the growth of the trees,

shrubs, and herbaceous plants to remove the appearance of
newness from these.

The foreground is marked by a series of marble steps in the
form of a fountain over which the water runs in a shallow sheet,
reflecting in gold the sunlight which strikes the falling water.
Following the road to the right, a rocky ford, or watering place,
is crossed and immediately above is an arched rustic bridge
built of natural logs. The dominant architectural feature is,
however, an open garden house which affords hospitable shelter
to a bronze figure of mythological import. The trees and shrubs
are too small yet to relieve the rigid lines of this attractive
building. Ten years will show a marked difference in this
newer portion of the Compton arboretum. A hurried visit will
not suffice to give any adequate notion of the botanical and
horticultural riches of the place. A whole day of roaming about
barely acquaints one with the general character of the
plantations and the many rather unusual garden accessories
which adorn this earthly paradise.

This article completes the series, prepared for us by Doctor
Harshberger describing “The Old Gardens of Pennsylvania,”
which made its initial appearance in The Garden Magazine,
October, 1920.

THE GARDEN
INDOORS AND OUT

IV.— IN THE CITY GARDEN

EDITOR’S NOTE: This last article of the series has been prepared with
the hope that it may stimulate the owner of even the smallest city pro-
perty. Thanks to the courtesy and cooperation of clubs and individuals busily
engaged in establishing city gardens we are enabled to present, by way of in-
spiration and practical assistance for “the other fellow,” some account of what
is actually being done.

LIMITATION AND OPPORTUNITY

LEONARD BARRON

. ARDENING in a city presents peculiar difficulties.
1 1 is a fifdit against the maximum of conditions unfavor-

pf able to plant growth in general, complicated by the
$s need of a style of treatment that will fit harmoniously
into the surroundings which usually are the unattractive backs
of neighbor houses.

From the gardener’s point of view there are difficulties of bad
soil, of air pollution, wrong drainage, inadequate lighting, and
other minor conditions which may vary in each individual case.
The city atmosphere is laden with impurities from the products
of combustion and the dust from the erosion and wear and tear
of materials that are the essential part of city existence. De-
posits of soot and dust on the foliage of the living plant greatly
reduce its feeding capacity, but quite apart from this mechanical
interference of the natural course of the plant’s life is the
additional impurity of chemical pollution in the way of various
fumes, or even corrosive acids, that are carried in the air.

Speaking generally, thin-leaved plants are unable to bear up
against such handicaps. Deciduous plants may make a bold
fight for a year or two, but each succeeding crop of foliage be-
comes less and less vigorous until ultimately the point is reached
when the feeding capacity of the plant is unable to supply the
demands for new growth.

, Contradictory as it may seem at first, it is yet a fact that the
best adapted plants for city endurance will be found among
those having thick coriaceous or leather-like foliage. By its
peculiarity of construction this foliage will survive when many
other more delicate, slender-tissued leaves will succumb. It
has a thick, tough outer membrane protecting the leaf tissue
which is built upof several layersof cells containing a proportion-
ate supply of moisture and thickly filled with chlorophyl, — the
ever present green coloring matter of vegetation, which is the
functioning substance that under the influence of sunlight
converts into starch and other organic compounds (upon which
the plant actually feeds itself), those raw food materials ab-
sorbed from the air and taken by the roots.

Recognizing these limitations, the city garden cannot be a
showy flower garden unless the flowering material is grown
elsewhere and carried in merely as so much decoration to be
discarded as soon as it has served its purpose. Reliance must be
placed on certain permanent plants having the required foliage

characteristics, and these are found in certain groups of broad-
leaved evergreens. The coniferous evergreens, on the contrary,
do not take at all kindly to conditions with atmospheric pollu-
tion. Natives of regions where they require to make the ut-
most use of all the available light, they are not easily adaptable
to situations which directly result in reduced light supply. The
broad-leaved evergreens, however, in a great majority of cases
are more or less under-growth in their natural habitats and,
brought into city places, often surprise the uninitiated by their
triumph over untoward conditions.

Naturally attention must be given to a proper soil before
anything else is attempted; and usually it is necessary to re-
move the original soil, such as it is, and bring in fresh composted
loam from a distance. The soil found in the city plot is very
often not the natural soil of the region, but is the product of
accumulations of debris and refuse mixed in the turned up
subsoil; and even where it is the original soil it has lain so long
out of actual cultivation as to be deficient in bacterial activity
and consequently will not support ornamental plants.

Water must be supplied, since it is part of city design to pro-
vide for the prompt and complete removal of all surface water.
The reversal of this condition may not be possible, but artificial
irrigation may be arranged.

In the matter of design it will be found that as the area in
hand becomes restricted and narrow, and more and more sur-
rounded by buildings the better harmony with the environment
will be produced by the accenting perpendicular lines rather
than by introducing a broad or horizonatal treatment which is
expressive of the open country. Statuary, fountains, pools, and
such like accessories fit well into the city and town garden
— better than they do in the country garden — acting as focus
points for the observer and detracting attention from the less
interesting surroundings. The sky reflection in a pool of water
is an especially welcome attribute in a city area, animating
and lighting up the scene.

Though the city garden problem has its difficulties yet that it is
not without solution is clearly shown by the present evidence in
the case. Even the meanest city yard can be redeemed by an
appropriate use of the gardener’s art — perhaps more than in
any other one single way. Do gardeners realize sufficiently
their good influences thus lying latent?

CITY GARDENS VISITED

LUCY EMBURY HUBBELL

H E “city garden” has suddenly become so familiar a
v term 'n our every-day speech that its absurd anomal-
ousness is apt to pass unnoted and its significance not
(P' grasped. Green things trampled to death under the
feet of men in their frenzied city building are now being toil-
somely nurtured back to some sort of changed and feeble life.
There is a growing realization that, severed from the scent of

flowers, the refreshment of sheltering trees, human existence
cannot long continue wholesome or even sane; and so between
the stones, green pat-hes are beginning to appear and that tini-
est of gardens, the window-box, clings to grim brick walls,
lighting their dinginess with the glow of living, blossoming
things. Everywhere Mother Earth is silently reclaiming her
own, stealing sometimes up to high housetops where she flour-

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

379

ishes, despite a blistering sun, in the shape of somebody’s hand-
tended “roof garden.”

Forces are being marshalled to aid this reclamation; organ-
ized forces such as “The City Gardens Club” five or six hun-
dred strong, “The National Plant, Flower and Fruit Guild”
with its four hundred or more centres of distribution, and simi-
; lar associations. A hopeful sign, this banding together for
the furtherance of the city garden, and one full of promise.

Perhaps one of the best things about loving a garden is the
link it forges between followers of the craft. Kindly com-
. radery, a willingness to show and share made my visits to vari-
ous city gardens an unmitigated pleasure.

What strikes me most on thinking them over is the total
divergence of treatment and result. With a starting point
practically identical no two gardens have been developed in at
I all the same manner; an interesting revelation of the possibili-
ties of individual impress on material fundamentally the same,
i The accompanying plans, roughly sketched from memory, illus-
; trate what is meant, and possibly hold practical suggestion for
] other aspiring city garden builders.

Of course, the blankest of stone fronts may have all sorts of
i surprises tucked away out of sight, but more frequently they re-
. fleet the hidden glory in subtle ways that the perceptive seeker
after gardens soon learns to recognize.

Questing down the by-street, 1 came upon one house, re-
i freshingly green and gray between conventional brown and
dingy-red neighbors. Its window boxes — like smiling eyes set
in a stem face — were filled with Daisies and English Ivy, both
; valiantly withstanding the long drouth and assuredly meaning
; “ garden within ”; a promise amply fulfilled, as 1 soon discovered,
i Window boxes quite often, 1 find, serve as gay little banners to
1 flag the attention and beckon the passer.

A pleasant sense of spaciousness pervaded this garden (Plan 1) ;
that, and the unparched greenness of it struck me first as
1 stood on the low doorstep looking out. Indeed the several
other gardens seen were all in surprisingly good condition and
t more vivid in color than many portions of my own Long Island
I after three weeks of rainlessness.

The barriers between two back yards had been abolished and
an enclosing wall of brick, stucco-finished, had been built around
i the outer margin of both, furnishing an excellent background
[ for the planting of the new area. Several rather large trees
i and its north location threw this garden into the shaded or semi-
I shaded class which necessitated special consideration in the
; matter of planting. A pool of fair dimensions and attractive
shape; a Sixteenth Century Tuscan Madonna inset in the far
I wall with more than a hint of heavenly blue tile; some corner
i pergolas, conveniently outfitted with table and chairs for supper

in the long twilight, were outstanding features of this garden
that might reconcile the lover of outdoors to a summer in town
On right and left, close against the dwellings, the garden mounds
up into two little rock-work structures filled with Ferns, I re-
member, and Coreopsis. If one follows the stepping-stones
through the grass past the borders, all sort of things are come
upon; plants tried and not found wanting. (Among ever-
greens, so the owner writes, “the ones that do best are Andro-
meda and Blue Spruce.”) This garden is, in fact, safely past
“the teething stage” and has already a sturdy, well-established
aspect.

For one still in its infancy, the garden of Plan II is a re-
markably interesting bit of planting. Planned by Mr. Hewitt,
an architect, and executed by Bobbink and Atkins, it has taken
hold and is determinedly thriving.

A massed planting of evergreens, both conifers and broad-
leaved, has been thrown across the far end, so that one may sip
one’s tea in the patio and rest eyes, wearied with the ceaseless
movement of a never resting city, on quiet greens and the
successively unfolding bloom of Laurel, Rhododendron, and
Azaleas of several sorts.

On the east boundary a low, open-mesh wire fence has been
substituted for the customary high board affair, establishing a
friendly give-and-take in the way of vista with the neighboring
yard, which is also attractively gardened.

The total effect is of a square rather than the narrow rect-
angle characterizing the average city yard; an effect gained by
skilful landscaping which has foreshortened and given an illusion
of breadth — a trick worth noting.

Another happy handling, simple and with a distinct touch
of individuality is that indicated in Plan 1 1 1 which presents the
cheeriest of backgrounds, and yet one quite unaggressive in
character and not at all apt to grow tiresome. Soft canary
yellow broken at intervals by gray-green lattices; a mere mat-
ter of paint — and applied imagination! Corner cup-boards, so
to speak, introduced at the back of the garden, obviate mon-
otony of shape and make convenient little toolhouses.

A second bit of ingenuity, very effective for several reasons,
is a low wall of flat paving stones piled in overlapping fashion
to a height of two or three feet. It is first of all in itself a rather
interesting structure; then it furnishes a welcome division of
area; and— perhaps best service of all— stimulates curiosity as to
what may lie beyond it. This year diminutive rows of Beans,
Lettuce, Radishes, and Parsley are tucked away behind; next
season there may be, so the owner tells me, Mint, Thyme, Mar-
joram, and kindred herbs refreshingly pungent and reminiscent
of peacefuler days. And is not that what gardens are chiefly
for after all to lead us in one way or another to peacefuller days?

About the pool (centre of garden) are Iris cristata
and Tulips both Cottage and Darwin, of which
there are in the planting scheme all told more than
a thousand, in flowering time an effective display.
Ferns, Sedums. and Coreopsis among the rock work
at right and left. A background of evergreens
along the side and rear wall fringed with shrubs,
Iris, Tulips, etc. Mrs. Stewart writes that most of
the material tried was discouragingly slow in tak-
ing hold but that "every year the garden grows
better and more thrifty. Plants that have seemed
hopeless have persisted in trying and sometimes
'won out.”' — Garden of Mrs. John Wood Stewart,
Founder and President of the National Plant,
Flower and Fruit Guild, West 13th St., New York

PLAN II

Cedars, Arborvitae,

Rhododend rons.

Pink Magnolia,

Laurel, Flowering
Almond, and As-
paragus (plumosus)
forma massed plant-
ing of permanent
character and varied charm. Peonies,

Dahlias, Lupins, and Marigolds add
seasonable color; and a fence so
splashed with Vinca, Ivy, and the rose
of Dorothy Perkins Ramblers has no
possible excuse for bleakness. Four
sturdy specimens of Taxus accent the
corners of the inner square which is
planted to grass. The adjoining patio
with its view of the whole is a restful
spot in which to linger — a pleasant
place to sew and sup, to read, or
merely dream. — Garden of Mrs. Cornelius Poillon, Member
of the City Gardens Club, East 70th St., New York City

J'l ' ~~ -S-» ^ * 'I '

PLAN III
Though newly
started this
season, the
garden when
visited looked
considerably
more mature
than its scant
four months
of age. The
central grass
plot was surprisingly luxuriant after a somewhat
prolonged dry spell; there were sturdy little Privets
standing sentinel along the terrace edge; Honey-
suckle and Morning-glory vines well ascramble up
the enclosing fence of soft canary yellow — a most
effective background by the way. In the borders
were Gladiolus, Marigolds, and similar standbys:
and a peep over the low stone dividing wall revealed
diminutive rows of Beans, Lettuce. Parsley, etc.
which were already serving my hostess’ table
- — Garden of Mrs. Henry B Culver. Member of the
City Gardens Club, East 45th St., New York City

“JONES’

WOOD”

Gardens
in the

East Sixties

New York City

Edward S. HevJitt
William Emerson

Associate Architects

Photographs by
Mattie Edwards Hewitt

PARTIAL LIST OF
MATERIALS USED IN PLANTING

(Furnished by
courtesy of Mr. Hewitt)

Bush Boxwood;

Flowering Shrubs (Including Rose
of Sharon, Hydrangea and
Forsythia);

Evonymus (Sieboldiana, radicans);
Andromeda japonica;

Heavy Lilac; Bushy Privet;
Retinospora (Several Varieties);
Japanese Maples;

Flowering Crabapples;

Magnolia; Kalmia;

Azaleas (Evergreen, Yodogawa.etc.);
Taxus (cuspidata);

Juniperus Pfitzeriana:

Leucothoe Catesbaei;

Spiraea Vanhouttei;

Honeysuckle; Berberis;

Mugho Pine; Rhododendrons

WHAT THE SIXTY-FIFTH STREET FOLK SEE
OUT OF THEIR NORTH HALL WINDOW

A PLEASANT VIEW ACROSS THE GARDENS

AT THE WESTERN END OF
THE GARDEN RISES THE
BEAUTIFUL CHURCH OF
ST. VINCENT FERRER’S,
DESIGNED BY BERTRAM
G. GOODHUE

380

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

331

IN THE LOWER GARDEN

A fascinating feature of these gardens is their development on two levels; this treatment seems actually
to add spaciousness and certainly arouses interest and the desire to explore them upstairs and down

EVERY GARDEN MEAJ^S <A HOME

z n m

ik . •■Am*u-m - -

^p|^HE multiplicity of varieties in the more popular groups
of flowers is a burden to both the collector and the
frijLyf dealer, and to the uninitiated seems to suggest duplica-
Srpls^ tions or renamings. True, such things have occurred,
but not often in a deliberate attempt to fool the public; rather
have the guilty ones been the victims of their own enthusiasm
or perhaps lack of sufficiently wide acquaintance with all the
extant varieties. It may not, indeed, be possible for one
man to distinguish and identify all the known cultivated varie-
ties of Rose, Peony, Phlox, Gladiolus, Sweet-pea or what not —
to say nothing of having a sound mental picture of the hosts of
varieties that have passed out of existence but whose names yet
persist. And who can say positively that not one specimen of
any of these lost varieties will not turn up in some obscure
corner, in some old-time garden spot — just as at Magnolia near
Charlestown, N.C., there have been identified a large number
of the old original Azaleas, now generally “lost to cultivation”?
As to Roses, what of the 1 1 ,01 6 authenticated names of varieties
given in Simon and Cochet’s “Nomenclature de Tous les Noms
de Roses” in 1906. And there have been many added since
then. Can any one know them all? Does anybody need
to?

Voting for the Best Peonies

NEW varieties, new names keep coming and old varieties
are discarded for one reason or another. Fashions or
fancies change, and cultural peculiarities account for some losses;
and then there is actual progress, slow though it be, toward
more practical ideals. Now it would seem that a constructive
step to be made by the several “special flower societies” should
be toward the recognition of popular discard and general rejec-
tion, by whatever means brought about; this, just as much as
the recognition of novelty or progress in the production and in-
troduction of new names or varieties. Surely the public gen-
erally would be benefited by such official action. But such a
course entails a lot of long-continued work, systematized and
intelligently carried out.

Hence, all the more credit to the American Peony Society
for publishing its latest “Symposium” (Bulletin No. 14) which,
under the direction of the secretary, Prof. A. P. Saunders, goes
far to accomplish both the ends suggested above. In deter-
mining an elimination list of in varieties of the 600 or 700
(which is about the number grown by the larger collectors) a
bold step is taken, and it is hoped that other special flower
societies may render equal service.

A tabulated report of all the votes received from the con-
noisseurs appears in the Bulletin and it is interesting to note
that any hope of distributing the most favored varieties on
any state or geographical basis proved to be illusory — the
“good” qualities are seemingly inherent features. There is
indeed an exceptional unanimity of the authorities in this re-
spect. The constructive thing for the buyer of a yet unde-
veloped critical training is that this scheme is a pretty good

method of recording approval for certain varieties in all sections.
The leading favorites are as follows:

Adolphe Rousseau

Albatre

Albert Crousse

Alsace-Lorraine

*Asa Gray

‘Augustin d’Hour

Aurore

Avalanche

Baroness Schroeder

Claire Dubois

Couronne d’Or

Delachei

Dorchester

‘Due de Wellington

Duchesse de Nemours

‘Edulis Superba

Eugene Verdier La Tulipe Marie Jacquin

Eugenie Verdier Le Cygne Marie Lemoine

Felix Crousse ‘Livingstone Milton Hill

Festiva Maxima Mme. Auguste Dessert Modeste Guerin

‘Floral Treasure *Mme. Bucquet M. Dupont

Germaine Bigot *Mme. Calot M. Jules Elie

Gloire de Chas. Gom- Mme. Crousse M. Martin Cahuzac

bault *Mme. de Galhau *Mont Blanc

Golden Harvest Mme. de Verneville *Primevere

Grandiflora Mme. Ducel Rosa Bonheur

James Kelway Mme. Emile Galle Rubra Superba

Jeanne d' Arc Mme. Emile Lemoine Sarah Bernhardt

Karl Rosenfield Mme. Forel Solange [de Lille

Lady Alexandra Duff Mme. Geissler ‘Triomphe de l'Exposition

*La France Marguerite Gerard ‘L’mbellata Rosea

LaTendresse Marie Crousse Venus

It is to be noted, in the words of the Bulletin, “all except those
marked with an asterisk are to be considered as finally disposed
of” and are placed in the ranks of Peonies of accepted quality.
Those others are forging ahead in this latest symposium of what
is good in Peonies.

The Peony Show at Boston

THE Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the American
Peony Society at Boston on June 1 8th and 19th afforded
another opportunity for a study of varieties. Though the late
date (for the season) militated against the anticipated size of
the display, the handicap was bravely met by J. C. Thurlow’s
Sons, Inc., who put into cold storage during their season of
bloom a sufficient quantity of cut flowers to fill up completely
one room as a display, and also to enter in many of the com-
petitions. Mr. H. A. Norton’s more northern Canadian garden
contributed sterling quality in size and freshness. Altogether,
the exhibition gratifyingly surprised. The leading varieties
were as follows:

Shown in the class for more than 100 varieties (Thurlow) were
Pres. Wilson, soft rose pink; La Perle, bluish white in centre,
darker toward the edge; Milton Hill, delicate flesh color, of
exquisite form; La France, soft pink; Marquis C. Lagergren,
brilliant cherry red.

Collection of ten double varieties (Norton) three blooms of
each included Le Cygne; Reine Hortense; Adolphe Rousseau;
Mrs. George Bunyard; Felix Crousse; Frances Willard; James
Kelway; Martha Bulloch; Venus; Monsieur Jules Elie.

Twenty blooms, double, white and cream. Madame Jules
Dessert.

Twenty blooms, double, dark pink, Madame Geissler, Sarah
Bernhardt.

Six specimen blooms, any variety. Solange.

Twenty blooms, double, red or crimson, Eugene Bigot.

One specimen bloom, double, any variety. Festiva Maxima,
Avalanche. Mr. Donahue’s collection of not more than 50
named varieties included Kelway’s Glorious; Raoul Dessert;
Phillippe Rivoire; Le Cygne; Beranger; Jeanne Gaudichau;
Walter Faxon; La Lorraine; Kelway’s Queen; Solange and Tour-
angelle.

Twelve blooms, two varieties, Festiva Maxima and Therese.
Six blooms, red or crimson, Felix Crousse.

382

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

383

A collection of Japanese Single Peonies (Thurlow) which
attracted much attention had among them the Dragon;
Isani Gidui; The Mikado, Eduard VII; Sophia Housten;
White Lady; Tokio. Visitors showed special interest in
these.

Among the varieties most commented upon as seen at the
show were La Perle, bluish white in the centre, growing darker
toward the edge, and fragrant; La Lrance, soft pink, late, very
large, and rather flat flowers; Solange, extra large flowers, waxy-
white but suffused with a reddish golden light; Therese, soft
shell pink, mid-season; Walter Laxon, rose pink with salmon
shades, medium in size, late; Pres. Wilson, soft rose pink, cuplike
in shape, fragrant, late; Lady Alexander Duff, soft pink, broad
petals, mid-season; Madame Gaudichau, very dark crimson
flowers, with crimson leaf veins and crimson stalks, globular
shaped blooms; Kelway’s Queen, deep flesh pink with carmine
markings, large, globular, fragrant, mid-season; Venus, delicate
shell pink, mid-season, counted an extra good cut flower; Fes-
tiva Maxima, ivory white flecked with crimson in the

substance and refined coloring. Why grow the old-fashioned
grandiflora types?

The winning varieties in the several color classes were: Giant
White; Constance Hinton (white); Charity (crimson); Private
Jack Smelle (carmine); Lelton’s Cream (yellow); Mrs. Tom
Jones (blue); Elegance Susie Taylor (blush); Hawlmark Pink;
Hercules; Hebe (dark pink); Tangerine (orange); Hawlmark
Lavender (lavender); Royal, Leton Purple (purple); Wonder,
Maroon King (maroon) ; Annie Iceland, Cherub (picotee edged) ;
Loyalty (striped); Sparkler, Dora (bicolor). Others of note
shown in the open classes included Rosalind, bright cherry rose;
Lloradale Purple, rich purple; (which with Giant White, are
from Burpee), and were awarded Certificates as novelties of
merit. The two big displays were made by W. A. Burpee Co.,
Philadelphia; and Mrs. Homer Gage, Shrewsbury, Mass. These
embraced all the newer varieties and included those named
above as leading in the several color classes.

At the stated meeting the officers were re-elected. Presi-

centre, mid-season.

At the election of officers the ballot showed Pres. A. H.
Lewkes, Mass.; Vice Pres. H. A. Norton, Quebec; Secy.,
A. P. Saunders, Clinton, N. Y.; Treas. A. H. Scott,
Penna.

Sweet Peas that are Favored

ANOTHER hot weather surprise was the annual
meeting and exhibition of the American Sweet-pea
Society, New York. Though few amateurs found it con-
venient to visit the Museum of Natural History on June
25th and 26th the public came in plenty and the “fans”
too. One thing was demonstrated : that good Sweet-peas
can be grown outdoors in mid-June in a hot season in
the neighborhood of New York. There is a growing
feeling that the Society should hold its annual gathering
regularly in this city. The gardeners who did come must
have been impressed by the greatly improved Sweet-pea
of to-day as compared with the old-timer; immense
flowers, strong, long stems, carrying four blooms of fine

kinds in a shower of worth-
while novelties, more than
from any other place. As
through the war of 1871 the
founder worked and produced, so
during 1914-18 Emil has serenely
kept at work. On a recent visit
to Nancy I saw some newer de-
velopments in the Peonia lutea
hybrids, of which La Lorraine,
yellow with crimson base, is
fairly familiar to American en-
thusiasts— it has been seen at
several exhibitions from Mr. T.
A. Havemeyer, Mr. Farr, and
Mr. Norton. 1 had the pleasure
of seeing one (as yet unnamed)
that is clear citron yellow with-
out any trace of crimson — a
better yellow by far than those
we already know, and Mr. Le-
moine was caught in the act of
lifting the bloom for my inspec-
tion. Another variety is a dull
port-wine colored sport from
La Lorraine, no yellow in it.
These plants, and others 1
saw, were all raised from the
one cross. War has played
havoc with the nursery staff,
but already the reconstruc-
tion is in hand and further
novelties may be looked for
in due time, especially in Lilacs of
which the beginnings were seen,
Mr. Lemoine’s attention being
given to crosses with the newer
species of Syringa (tomentilla,
reflexa, etc.). For his services to
horticulture Mr. Emil Lemoine
has recently been awarded a
decoration by the French Gov-
ernment.— L. Barron.

EMIL LEMOINE AND A NEW PEONY

A worthy successor to the great Victor Lemoine, his father, he carries on the
work of plant breeding at the nurseries at Nancy, France, whence have come
new Lilacs. Peonies. Gladiolus Begonias, Mockoranges, and a hundred other

384

dect W. A. Sperling, New York; Secretary, E. C. Vick, New-
ark, N. J.

Iris Society Meets and Elects

ANOTHER one of the special Societies, The American Iris
Society, the youngest and as progressive as any, recently
held its annual meeting in Columbus, Ohio (May 20-22).
This sturdy organization with a membership now numbering
more than 500 has already made its impress upon Iris cultiva-
tion. With the introduction of new domestic seedlings there
will undoubtedly be plenty of work ahead in the elimination of
the too much alike. Mrs. Samuel H. Taft’s local gardens con-
tributed much to the interest of the exhibition. It is being felt
that this useful organization’s destinies are being so well di-
rected by its original officers that they were re-elected en bloc
to carry on the business for another season. President, J. C.
Wister, Philadelphia; Secretary, Robert S. Sturtevant, Welles-
ley Farms, Mass.

Some Future Foregatherings

COMING events of interest to gardeners are the Meeting
of the American Gladiolus Society at St. Thomas, On-
tario, August 24-25, which will be the first time that this
organization has crossed ' the international border line. A
display of nearly 50,000 Gladiolus in a great number of
varieties has been planted in connection with the forthcoming
exhibition as the coalition of the local Horticultural society, —
perhaps the most energetic of its kind to be found anywhere.

From September 22-25 inclusive, under the direction of the
Massachusetts Horticultural Society, there will be an unique
exhibition of Tropical Ferns and Orchids which should draw
much interest. It is believed to be the very first exhibition de-
voted especially to Tropical Ferns. Inasmuch as these form the
most popular and useful of decorative plants and probably are
more generally used than any others in private dwellings for
interior decoration, the Massachusetts Horticultural Society
has instituted this gathering with the object of making a de-
monstration of the possible uses of different species and varieties.
Associated with the Ferns naturally will also be Orchids, Cro-
tons, Dracaenas, and other plants of decorative quality. In
May, 1922, this same organization will hold an exhibition of
Native Ferns, schedule of which will be available this fall.

THE OPE^Colum:aC

Readers’ Interchange of Experience and Comment

Shaking the Potato Bug

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

THERE is one weak point about the ordinary potato bug and that
is his grip. He is so tough, so well armored and evidently so ill-
flavored that birds and fowl do not relish him. He has a stomach
that seemingly digests many powders and sprays warranted to keep
him in check. But he cant hold on.

I came home from a two weeks’ absence to find my small garden
potato patch entertaining one of the most lively bug conventions I
had seen. In fact, leaf provisions were running low. The very
existence of the patch was threatened.

What to do? Experience had shown ordinary powders were pallia-
tives at best. Small children of the household could not be kept out of
the patch, except by constant watching. Poisoning bugs by dangerous
spray or powder seemed inadvisable for fear of chance injury to the
youngsters. Hand-picking suggested itself and was commenced,
but, of course, was slow and tiresome.

Then I thought of the beetle’s lack of holding power, and took
advantage of it. I secured a light, strawboard box, such as package
sugar and similar goods come in. It measured approximately sixteen
inches on all dimensions.

This 1 took to the first potato hill. Holding it so that the opening
was near the ground and facing the plant, 1 gathered the tops of the
plant in one hand, and shook or tapped them sharply over the opening.

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

It worked. The bugs, of all ages and conditions, showered down into
the box.

Thus 1 went aown the rows. As soon as 1 got the hang of it, 1
cleared the plants of the mass of bugs as rapidly as 1 could have sprayed
them effectively. One or two good taps and it was done, without in-
jury to the plant. If the bugs in the box started to crawl up, a slight
tap on the side returned them to the bottom. In fifteen minutes 1
had nearly a quart of bugs and the patch was out of danger. The
bugs were destroyed at once. A few days later I went through the
patch a second time, even more rapidly, catching the strays who had
escaped the first round. I had no more trouble that season.

I have tried this scheme many times, and on larger patches, usually
as soon as the bugs appeared, and have ended all trouble. It works
because the rascals haven’t learned to hold on. — E. P. Lawson,
Washington, D. C.

Best Peas for Indiana

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

IN THE June issue, page 267, Mr. Kruhm states that the banks of
I the Susquehanna do not afford favorable conditions for testing
Peas. I wish he would tell me of a good succession of varieties for a
home garden in southern Indiana. I haven’t time or room to try out
seventy-five kinds in a season; and] we think three — early, midseason,
and late — should be enough for a family-of-two garden. Though I
have tried several different varieties, 1 have never found an early
variety that was more than five days ahead of a midseason or late
which latter have always come in together. The only really late
variety that has done well in succession plantings is the Giant Sugar
Pea. — Nellie Clements, Orleans, Ind.

— For a perfect succession of Peas from one sowing, you cannot make
any mistake in using Market Surprise (55 days), Thomas Laxton
(65 days) and Potlatch (85 days). Should you be willing to plant
two additional varieties, try Little Marvel, which will mature a little
before Thomas Laxton, and British Wonder, which will mature a little
before Potlatch. By planting short trial rows of these five varieties,
you should be able to work out a satisfactory succession for your sec-
tion of the country.

Incidentally, if your soil is the rich, black Indiana loam, please do not
expect those varieties to behave in as orderly fashion as they do under
soil conditions less favorable. Therein lies your trouble — the rich
soil stimulates the Pea vines to such an extent that all will bear earlier.
But 1 have not, as yet, found a case where Market Surprise, Thomas
Laxton, and Potlatch would mature at one time, regardless of soil
conditions. All the varieties recommended are of the dwarf and semi-
tall type. None should grow more than four feet if the seed you get is
true to name. — Adolph Kruhm, New York.

Making Young Fruit Trees Bear

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

MANY people, particularly those who do not own the property
they live in, are deterred from planting trees by the length of
time that must elapse before the bearing period begins. Yet many of
these migratory folk would discover a new interest in life in watching,
even for a single season, the development of a tree planted by their
own hands. And this, too, is one certain way of doing a little lasting
good to others as Bryant reminds us:

“What plant we in this apple tree?

Sweets for hundred flowery springs
To load the May-wind’s restless wings,

When from the orchard-row he pours
It’s fragrance through our open doors-
A world of blossoms for the bee,

Flowers for the sick girl’s silent room,

For the glad infant sprigs of bloom,

We plant with the apple tree.”

Modern orcharding has largely reduced the former long period of
waiting for fruit to appear. I have in my orchard several Apple trees
set out two years ago. Two of them are now bearing fruit — in their
third summer; and this despite a succession of late spring freezes that
destroyed every bit of bloom on most of my older trees. For some
years past I have been testing out a method, familiar to many orchard-
ists, of girdling young trees to induce early bearing; and I no longer
have any hesitation in saying that this plan is safe, successful, and
easily workable. Not until a year ago, however, have 1 ventured to
apply it to trees under three years} old, and I do not now recommend
the girdling of any tree around its whole trunk.

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

385

Take a selected limb of any tree that you wish to stimulate into early
bearing, and with a sharp knife cut a ring through the bark, cambium
layer and all, to the hard wood underneath. The ring cut out should
not exceed an eighth to a quarter of an inch in width; and this should
be done in early summer, say about the middle of June. The accepted
theory is that the imprisoned sap in the upper part of the tree, unable
to descend in autumn, sets to work to form fruit spurs for next sea-
son’s crop.

One effect of the girdling process seems to be that blooming is re-
tarded in the spring, and thus there is less liability of its being nipped
by untimely cold. At this writing, early in June, most of my older
trees have scarcely any apples in sight — the result of the severe freezes
referred to — while nearly all the younger trees are carrying some fruit
on their girdled limbs.

As to varieties, it is not wise to formulate a theory based on a freak
or destructive season, such as this has been; but present indications are
that the girdling process is working well on Yellow Transparent, Wilson,
Red June, Grimes Golden, Black Ben, Champion, and King David.
— R. F. Bishop, Westerville, Ohio.

— Girdling trees to induce bearing is not advised as a general prac-
tice, though it may sometimes be employed to advantage on one or
two of the minor branches of an unprofitable tree. — Ed.

Lilies for August Planting

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

THERE are three popular garden Lilies which are very positive in
their preference for August planting. They are the Madonna
Lily (Lilium candidum), the American Turk’s Cap Lily (Lilium
Batemanniae), and the Canada Lily (Lilium canadense). If fresh
bulbs are planted deep in well-cultivated, well-drained soil during
this month, success with these Lilies is assured.

The Madonna or Annunciation Lily is perhaps the best known and
best loved of garden Lilies. It is perfectly hardy. Its clusters of
fragrant, pure white flowers open in June at the blossoming time of
the Larkspurs with which it makes a lovely combination.

L. Batemanniae thrives in shrubbery borders which furnish it partial
shade; but it will also grow in the sun. The plant reaches a height of
six feet and the brilliant orange flowers last through July and August.
It is strikingly decorative when planted in masses.

The Canada or wild Meadow Lily blooms in June. Its bell-shaped
flowers vary in color from bright yellow to pale red. The bloom stalks
are from two to three feet high. The Canada Lily gives the best re-
sults when planted in clumps in a sunny location. It is particularly
good for wild gardens. — Olive Shore, Memphis, Tenn.

Combining Iris and Columbine

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

I READ with interest Louise Beebe Wilder’s article on the Iris Garden
and am adding a suggestion to her charming arrangements which 1
have found especially successful, which is planting Iris and Columbine
together. They bloom at the same time whether the season be early
or late, and form an enchanting combination of delicate feathery bloom
and stately, formal flowers and leaves. By keeping dead flowers cut
from both they last for weeks. Another successful combination in my
garden was the very dark dwarf Iris pumila bordering the snow white
Giant Candytuft. This Iris has a short period of bloom, but its pretty
green spike-like leaves make a charming foreground for the Candy-
tuft.— Mrs. J. West Roosevelt, Oyster Bay, Long Island.

Iris as the Ideal Garden Hedge

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

IN THE little town where building lots were not high-priced, few of
*■ the homes occupied less than a quarter block. That gave space
for a garden, a chicken lot, and (tell it not) a pigpen for each house.
Most of the plots were subdivided by fences of wire, palings, or rough
boards, all more or less disfiguring, to keep the livestock within bounds.

There was one exception, a white cottage that stood a little back from
the corner in a tract unmarred by fences. At the side along the street
was shrubbery, and back of the screen made by the tall bushes the
garden — neat rows planned and tended to give a succession of growth
and bloom, and to look their best the whole season through.

The owner followed the good old English custom of planting her
Nasturtiums, Zinnias, and other old-fashioned flowers in even rows,
side by side with the vegetables. Back of the garden was a white-
washed chicken shed, and a few box coops for the broods.

It was one of the attractive homes in a rather shabby little town, and
a guest who came in early summer marvelled at its thrift and neatness.

GROWN ON THE SHORES OF GREEN BAY, MICHIGAN

Madonna Lilies (Lilium candidum) and blue Larkspur with Hollyhocks in the
background. Height of Lilies about four feet. Larkspur five to six. Garden of
Mrs. C. R. Elwood, Menominee

Hollyhocks were then in their glory along the alley, the garden was at
its loveliest, and a half dozen broods of chickens ranged the wide lawn
back of the cottage.

“How can you let your chickens run at large, and keep up that fine
garden of yours?” was the query.

“See that hedge?” answered the mistress, pointing to a row of
swordlike leaves. “That is my Iris bed. I wish you had cornea few
weeks ago to see them all in bloom, for it includes about every kind a
friend of mine ever owned.

“You see the row of Iris runs all around the garden, and I have found
it is the only fence I need. The hens do not get over it, and the chicks
do not work through it. What more can be asked of a fence than
that! It needs no trimming, though it has to be looked over in early
spring, and some roots may have to be reset where the growth is not
the thickest. It is beautiful in bloom, neat and attractive all summer,
and not as ugly in winter as some other fences, so why seek further for
the ideal fence?” — Mary B. Tyrrell, Kansas.

Lectures Available for Garden Club Use

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

IN AN article in a recent number of The Garden Magazine, the
Art Division of the General Federation of Women’s Clubs is cred-
ited with circulating a “Portfolio of Civic Art.” Instead the Art
Division has a lecture on “Art in Gardens” illustrated with colored
slides; also lectures on Civic Art including “City Planning” by John
Nolen, illustrated by slides. The art extension service is available for
the use of garden clubs and similar organizations, as occasion offers.
— Mrs. Walter S. Little, Chairman of Art, G. F. IV. C.

386

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

Old Pennsylvania Gardens

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

\A/ HAT has become of Chester Creek? We used to say, after Cobbs’
’ ’ — “ Darby, Crum first come Ridley, Chester next ’er.” But there
is no Chester Creek on the map accompanying the “Old Gardens of
Pennsylvania.” — A Descendant of Humphry Marshall, Lima, Pa.
— The map accompanying the series of articles on The Old Gardens of
Pennsylvania printed in The Garden Magazine from October, 1920,
to August, 1921, was not intended to be a detailed one of the region con-
cerned. It was intended to indicate general directions from the City
of Philadelphia only. Through an inadvertence, Chester Creek was
not drawn. Its absence does not militate against the usefulness of the
map. — John W. Harshberger.

The Largest Tulip Trials

To the Editor of The Garden Magazine:

/^AN PAGE 322 of the July issue we note Frank H. Presby claims the
honors for the C. H. Hunt Company’s trial grounds containing
434 varieties of Tulip. May we submit our claim for first place as last

year we grew more than 500 distinct varieties at our own trials at
Oyster Bay, L. I., which we think may place us in the position of
having had the greatest number of varieties in comparison. — Zander-
bergen Brothers.

Distribution of New Rose

IT IS announced that in order to equalize opportunity to the trade
of the new Rose, Mary Wallace (Van Fleet Hybrid, W. C. 124)
originated on the Department of Agriculture Trial Grounds, distribu-
tion on the cooperative plan through the American Rose Society has
been deferred until next year and that applications of nurserymen for
wood for propagation may still be received.

Miss Grace Sturtevant, of the Glen Road Iris Gardens, Wellesley,
Mass., desires us to explain that the photograph appearing on page
231 of the June, 1921, Garden Magazine represents a view in her
garden and was taken bv her brother.

£

T~n

sr ’""’a

WHAT SEPTEMBER PROMISES THE READER

TO THE true gardener fall is not anticlimax but impetus — and opportunity! The winter months are few and swift of foot, and
the earliest Snowdrops a joy not to be missed. Miss Lucy Elliot Keeler’s “My Joy Garden of Early Spring” is a friendly sharing
of experience for the benefit of us all.

Readers of William Robinson’s “ English Flower Garden” will find fresh revelation of the beliefs and accomplishment of this dean
of British garden builders in his “Home Landscapes,” recently published and now comprehensively reviewed. On a personal visit to
“Gravetye Manor” in June, Mr. Barron took a number of pictures of Mr. Robinson’s own home landscape which furnish authoritative
illustration of the points discussed.

“The Wandering Garden,” by Miss Eloise Roorbach, presents a very appealing and little known side of Carl Purdy, a figure of
American horticulture but perhaps more familiar and significant in the outside world. His passion for beauty has made flowers spring,
literally, in his footsteps!

From California to the Far East may seem something of a jump, but the garden knows no geographical boundaries and the instinct
to plant is rooted deep in the heart of man. Of this further testimony comes from distant Hassan, whence Mr. E. W. T. Slater writes us
about “Gardens in Ancient India.”

There will be practical talks by Mr. Seymour, Mr. Hart, and other writers in whom the gardening public has confidence, of Freesias
for winter forcing, Tulips for autumn planting, etc.

The possibilities of considerably increased crops by the use of Hybrid Seed are presented by Prof. Collins in the second article of his
illuminating series commenced in the current issue.

Another instalment of “Notes from Breeze Hill,” an incisive, reflective, and above all “straight-from-the-shoulder” account of
the experiences of an observant amateur; and — well, perhaps something should be left to the imagination!

Photo, Edwin Levick, N. Y.

Photo , Edwin Levick, A . Y .

FROM “BACKYARD” TO “CITY GARDEN

A forceful object lesson presented at this season’s New York Annual Flower Show by the City Gardens Club which makes words quite unnecessary

<5Kg £JVlont/vs Qq mind or

“Come with me, then, behind the scenes, where we are concerned only with the joys of plant increase and rejuvenation”

The Reminder is to "suggest" what may be done during the next few weeks. Details of how
to do each item are given in the current or the back issues of The Garden Magazine — it is mani-
festly impossible to give all the details of all the work in any one issue of a magazine. References
to back numbers may be looked up in the index to each completed volume (sent gratis on request);
the Service Department will also be glad to cite references to any special topic if asked by mail and to
send personal replies to specific questions; a stamped, addressed envelope being enclosed.

When referring to the time for out-door work of any sort New York City (latitude 40) at sea
level in a normal season is taken as standard; but at best dates can only be approximate. Roughly,
the season advances northward fifteen miles a day. Thus Albany, which is one hundred and fifty
miles from New York, would be about ten days later, and Philadelphia, which is ninety miles
southwest about a week earlier. Also allow four days for each degree of latitude, for each five
degrees of longitude, and for each four hundred feet of altitude.

AUGUST— A MONTH OF REVIEIV AND OUTLOOK

Copyright, 1921, Doubleday, Page 13 Co.

j^^JUCH of the charm of gardening during these recent weeks
will have seemed changed into the weariness of hard
labor, and during the heated lazy days of August the
pH gardener may consider himself entitled to a vacation; yet,
in fact, the month brings seasonable activities no less
important for the future than April and May.

Routine work should be so well in hand at this time as to permit a
little let up on such details as watering and weeding; but it should be
borne in mind that even a few days of neglect will make things look
ragged. And there is plenty of studying and planning to be done for
another season.

Time to move evergreens (and there is leisure to give attention to the
details); also certain herbaceous plants such as Iris, Oriental
Poppy, Madonna Lilies — even Peonies.

Keep flower beds neat and tidy by gathering seed pods as they form.
Window boxes, hanging baskets, vases, etc. will be benefited by top-
dressing with good loam and commercial fertilizer.

Red spider on the evergreens makes them look “rusty.” Standard
spraying preparations are effective, and don’t overlook the
effectiveness of water applied under pressure through the hose.

Lawn Making

Lawns may be top-dressed with bone or wood ashes, or both. Apply on
a wet day; or just before rain, if possible. Weedy growth will be
practically terminated for the season and this is a good time for
any renovating or making new lawns. The one drawback to
August sowing is drought. It is no use trying to get seed to
germinate by watering — the weather conditions must be right.

The Roses

Climbing Roses and Vines to be looked over, and tied to trellis or
trained into position; and do not allow them to suffer for want of
water; bone meal worked around them will show results next year.
Rose beds to be cultivated and watered to prepare for the fall bloom.
If orange rust proves troublesome pick off affected leaves and
burn them. Spray with a copper preparation and give general
good care. If the disease reappears year after year, remake
the beds with fresh plants, which may be done in November.
Cuttings taken from firm growths and put into gritty soil in frames will
root well. Growths that have just borne flowers are best. Cut
into lengths six inches long, retaining the leaves on the upper half;
insert in frames two inches apart both ways.

Bulbs and Flower Seeds for Next Year

Bulb orders to be placed and preparations made for planting. Early
ordering ensures getting just what is needed. Bulbs need good
soil in well dug beds. Poor condition gives poor results. For
showy beds for display purposes, use Hyacinths, Tulips, and
Narcissus; for naturalizing Narcissus, Crocus, Liiy-of-the-valley,
Trilliums. For cut flowers, Darwin Tulips, various Narcissus,
and all fhe hardy Lilies; and don’t forget the Regal Lily — it’s
hardy, grows on average soils, dislikes heavy feeding, and
flowers freely in June.

Seeds of perennials may still be sown; and if saving your own, sow as
soon as they are available, the earlier the better. Best to sow in
coldframe where protection may be given during germination.
Sow Pansies, English Daisies, Forget-me-nots, Canterbury-bells, etc.

In the Fruit Garden

taken up and planted with satisfactory results, and better still if
they were pegged down into pots last month. Give good soil;
use plenty of manure and fertilizer. There will be no visible
immediate returns; but, next June — Ah! A mixture of dried
blood, or guano and fine bone meal, to two to four parts humus
may be worked into the hills. Keep the ground hoed and runners
pinched off.

Summer pruning of fruit trees to be continued during the early part of
the month — thin fruit as circumstances warrant. Better less
quantity and greater quality of Peaches, Plums, Apples, Pears, or
Grapes. Get up your nerve, sharpen your knife, and thin half
the set! It’s hard to do it, but it actually pays.

Cut away old Raspberry and Blackberry canes that have fruited and
thin out the new shoots to three or four to each hill or plant.
Tied to stakes, and topped when four or five feet high they will
make strong canes for fruiting next year.

Gooseberries and Currants to be layered; or take cuttings six to eight
inches long, planting up to the terminal bud.

Continue to spray for brown rot on Plums and Peaches.

In the Vegetable Garden

Hoe all crops and keep down weeds. Herbs in flower to be cut and
dried in shady place for winter use.

Onions to be harvested when tops turn yellow and fall down. Best
dried by placing them in a dry shed in thin layers or on boards in
a coldframe with the sash elevated above them to keep off rain.

Rutabagas sown last month to be thinned.

Sow up to end of month the various soft varieties of Turnip, such as
Strap Leaf, White Globe, etc.

Last sowing of String Beans to be made by middle of month, using an
early maturing variety. Several short rows planted close together
may be protected from frost readily.

Lettuce sown now will afford a salad until late in the fall if 'protected
from early frosts.

Spinach to be sown in succession for this year, also for wintering over
outdoors; and Shallots.

Celery still to be planted and early varieties to be blanched; also plant
Cardoons. Beets and Carrots to be sown for winter use. Tom-
atoes to be kept well tied and disbudded. Dig Potatoes as ready.

Artichokes to be sown for next year’s supply if there is a coldframe in
which to winter them. They do best in pots and should be in the
six-inch size by the time it is necessary to give frames protection.

Late Cabbage to be well watered to prevent club-root. Spray with
arsenate of lead, (absolutely no danger, if done early before the
head forms), to check cabbage worm.

Chinese Petsai (Chinese Cabbage, or Chinese Lettuce) to be sown
for fall use as salad or as greens. It is as easily grown as Lettuce
and matures in from 80 to 90 days.

Melons leaving the stem when thoroughly matured are over ripe at the
flower end. Pick fruit at first sign of separation from the stem;
place in high temperature for several hours (greenhouse or frame)
turning once or twice. The flesh will ripen evenly to the outer
rind giving practically no waste. Put the ripened fruit on cellar
floor to cool, then chill with ice.

Ground not required for late crops, to be spaded and sown with some
cover crops; say Vetch or Rye, or a mixture of both. It adds
fertility to the soil, prevents erosion during the winter, and
greatly increases the moisture holding capacity.

Greenhouse and Frames

Strawberries, bigger and better than ever before, by getting the new See to necessary repairs in glass structures which will soon be needed
bed planted early! Pot-grown plants give best results, though for winter crops. This is indeed the beginning of the new year in

they do cost a little more. Runners from the old bed may be the greenhouse. (See next page)

387

388

The Garden Magazine, August, 1921

LOOKING AHEAD TO THE WINTER FLOWERS

A N ADEQUATE supply of flowers for the winter months must be
provided for on a definite plan, worked out to make the most of
the restricted space available. It is a mistake to plan to grow too great
a variety in a small house; yet, with a definite programme it is possible
to secure a continuous feast of flowers in great variety until we can get
outdoors once more. An example of such management is this:

Plant Freesias in four-inch pots, and let them come along in a cold-
frame. Sow a good strain of Pansies also in coldframe. By the first of
October, the Freesias can be planted out in rows across the bench in
the greenhouse. Don’t divide, but set them out just as they come out
of the pots. At the same time more Freesias may be planted directly
into the benches for a later crop. Between these, some of the young
Pansy plants may be set out, the rest of the space being used for Myo-
sotis, Calendulas, or Dwarf Snapdragons. Bv the new year the Freesias
out of the four-inch pots started now’will be out of the way and these
places can be replanted by others, or by Gladiolus America. More
Gladiolus may be started in 35 inch pots to follow these; and in the
meantime Spanish Iris will be available to follow them.

In January double Corn-flowers may be started and grown on in
small pots, to be planted between the Pansies in early spring and will
not interfere with them for some time.

When the first Gladiolus are cut, a change to things edible may be
made. Comet Tomatoes from seed sown in January may be planted
in place of them, grown to single stems with 1 5 inches of space between
the plants; or more Gladiolus may be used. A scheme like this will not
meet the needs of everyone, of course, but it affords a clue to the method
of ensuring a succession of crops from limited space which may carry
suggestion.

Handling Plants for Flower

There is hardly a handsomer winter- flower than BouvaFdia, and
plants set outdoors earlier in the season should be lifted and benched
with a good ball of soil adhering to the roots. Pinch back the growths
before lifting, and in a month after benchfng pinch again. Spray
freely overhead until they are established. Godfrey Callas to be
potted up three to a 6-inch pot, later shifting to 8-inch size. Finish
planting Carnations as soon as possible. Give plenty of shade for a
few days, and remove as soon as the plants show signs of becoming re-
established, or growth will become soft. Syringe overhead frequently.

Snapdragons for early winter-flowering to be benched as soon as
possible. Stevia planted outdoors to be kept pinched back, as they are
likely to get too tall and they break only too readily at best. Where
there is room make preparations to have the plants lifted and potted.
If possible put into a deep frame where they can be shaded until re-
established:

Cuttings of Coleus, Alternanthera and other bedding plants root
.readily at this time, and will make nice stock plants by November, and
will then furnish any number of cuttings. Bench Marguerites for
winter-flowering. Plants carried along from the spring in four-inch
pots with the wood somewhat hardened give the best results.

Lilium formosum bulbs to be planted, and allowed to come along in a
coldframe covered with six inches of soil.

Small plants of the winter-flowering Begonias may be purchased in
small pots and grown on for Christmas. They do most of their growing
during the next two months and with only ordinary care good results
may be expected in any greenhouse.

Adiantums weakened by frequent cutting need rest by gradually
letting up on the water-supply, and maintaining a progressively dryer
atmosphere. ‘When the plants show any renewed activity, top-dress
with equal parts/of'old cow manure and good loam,- or some approved
commercial. fertilizer-. \ :

Forcing Bulbs

Bulbs for forcing to be ordered at once and planted as soon as
received. The early Roman Hyacinths and Polyanthus Narcissus are
the first to hand. Use fibrous soil intermixed with one third well-
decayed manure. Water well after planting and place- in a bulb
cellar to root, or outdoors covered with' six inches of soil or- coal ashes.

Seeds for Present Sowing _

Annual Gypsophila and Clarkia grown in flats -and disbudded to
single stems, make fine material for table decoration during
October. Sow succession batches to maintain supply.

Schizanthus for Christmas to be sown after middle of month.

Sweet-peas may be sown about the middle of the month for flowers by
Thanksgiving. Be sure that winter-flowering strains are used for
this. Calendulas sown in a coldframe or cool greenhouse will
provide cut blooms at Thanksgiving.

Sow Mignonette in 2\ inch pots for planting to be benched next month.
Young plants of Asparagus Sprengerii may be planted to perma-
nent quarters in the benches. Root cuttings of Ivy, Zonal Gera-
niums, and Show Pelargoniums.

Winter-flowering Stocks to be sown for subsequent transplanting to
flats, and then to small pots, and dually benched or repotted to
flowering pots.

Sow Cineraria stellata for flowering next Easter and Primulas for late
winter and spring bloom. Allow about seven months from date
of sowing until blooming time and sow accordingly.

Chrysanthemums Now Growing

Keep Chrysanthemum house well watered at this stage. It is not
enough to just wet the tops of plants during extra hot spells. Get
the water under the leaves, on the walks and under the benches.
Plenty of moisture during the hot weather, and particularly
toward evening, will do a lot toward helping the plants through
the heat of the day. The soil does not have to be soaked every
time spraying is done or the plants will soon show resentment in
the form of sickly looking yellow foliage. A mulch of well-rotted
manure on the surface of the benches keeps the roots cool during
the hot weather. See that the plants are properly supported.

After August 15th buds may be “taken” on most of the midseason
varieties; while those of the late varieties may be “taken” during
next month. This means, of course, the selection of the flowering
bud and removal of all others.

Fertilizers may be applied in moderation after the buds have formed
and before they show color. Excessive feeding is the cause of
imperfect flowers and cracked stems.

Roses Indoors

Roses are in a critical period right now. Hot, muggy days combined
with cold, clammy nights are not conducive to the welfare of the
plants. Fire heat will be essential at times and a little sulphur
painted on the, heating pipes will assist checking mildew as will
“grape dust” blown over the plants with a pair of bellows. En-
courage growth and give all necessary care to induce free breaks
to lay a foundation for the winter work.

Orchids to Have Attention

While we may have warm weather for some time yet, the days are
however getting shorter, and the nights perceptibly cooler; and
some humid cloudy weather will be experienced before the month
is out. Therefore, see that the shade on the house is not too
dense. If on a cloudy day the house looks dark inside, the shading
is too dense. Under such conditions Cattleyas will have nice
green foliage, but will not flower well. Water during the
morning.

Temperature is a variable quantity during August, but keep as near
60-65 as possible. It will run higher some nights and no harm
will accrue if it falls to 58 on cool evenings. Do not close the
house up tight on a cool night.

Fruit Houses

Borers are liable to attack peach and nectarine trees inside just as they
do those in the orchard. At the first sign of dust coming from the
tiny hole promptly either cut out the borer or kill by running a
piece of wire into the hole.

Grape vines will have been making unrestricted growth (with no little
benefit to the roots) since the crop was removed from the early
vinery. Water the border well, and give the roots plenty of food
in the late vinery where the berries are fast swelling. If a mulch
is already there, give clear water first then dust on the fertilizer
and water that. Pinch out all sub-laterals and give an eye to
red spider, sponging the foliage at once when that pest is found.

It may not sound very seasonable to speak now of Tomatoes for winter
work, but in sections where early frosts occur it is not too soon to
make a sowing to keep up a supply after the outdoor crop is done.
If grown in pots, until a later sowing comes into bearing when
they can be discarded, they do not occupy any permanent bench
space.

he Garden Magazine, August, 1921

389

—-Treat Yourself

to an Unusual Visit With
and From an Unusual Man

This is a paid advertisement, but it is also the frank expression of
admiration for a man out in Kenosha, Wisconsin, who calls him-
self a “Peony Fan.” And a Peony Fan Henry S. Cooper surely
is, for every line of his unusual book entitled “Tips and Pointers
for beginners with Peonies” breathes a spirit of love, admiration
and intimate knowledge of the Peony such as is given to but
few human beings.

<| It must have taken Henry S. Cooper, Peony Fan, many years
to learn what he is giving to the rest of the world gladly and
willingly for the asking. His chapters on “Admonition,” “Possi-
bilities and Limitations,” “Practical Culture Hints” and “Classi-
fications,” his warnings, encouragements and sound, sane and
sensible counsel are as classical as they are practical. Truly,
those of you who do or intend to take Peonies seriously should
have Cooper’s “Tips and Pointers,” for they stand for a sure cut
to success and satisfaction with Peonies.

It is the sole mission of this announcement to get for Mr. Cooper
recjuests for his remarkable book. W Tether you are interested
in Peonies worth 50c or $50, you may be sure that he can serve
you, but be it said in his favor that with him the price of a
Peony is not the guiding rule for its merit. He thinks enough
of Festiva maxima worth 50c to class it with E. B. Browning,
valued at $25. This will give you an idea as to the character of
“Tips and Pointers” and the value of having it for your
library table.

Peonies

From Iowa: “I have read your book over at least a half a dozen times. Have shown it to a
number of people, who are interested.”

From Minnesota: “It is a splendid book, and you are to be complimented.”

From Minnesota: “I received your chatty catalogue of peonies, and I was much pleased to get

such a readable and honest presentation of facts.”

From Alabama: “I assure you it is a pleasure to do business with a house like yours.

From Long Island: “I believe your house is square, because the head of the house is a square

man, and would not, under any circumstances, merchandise any other but the quality
of honesty.”

From Oklahoma: “We know that we are one of hundreds who will recall your fair dealing

in the future.”

From Massachusetts: “It is the best catalogue I have seen, and full of the very information

that the beginner wants.”

From California: “I wish to thank you for your delightful book.”

From Kentucky: “I enjoyed reading your book so much.”

From Minnesota: “It is to me the most instructive book on peonies that I

have ever read, and makes me want to begin life and peony growing all
over again.”

From New York: “Any man, who calls himself a ‘Peony Fan,’ must be so

distinctly human that I would like to shake hands with him. A friend of
mine just says your book is one of the most interesting ever published.”

From Massachusetts: “I spent such a pleasant evening reading your book

that I thought I would write and tell you so.”

From Spokane, Wash. “You are certainly most generous, and we wish there
were more Peony Fans in the world.”

From Wisconsin: “Thank you for your Peony book, which is intensely

interesting.”

From Iowa: “I was much pleased with the Tips I received from your Peony

book.”

From Minnesota: (Nursery Man) “I have found much of interest and profit

in your Tips and Pointers.”

From New York: “This book does you great credit and does the Peony

honor. It is a most attractive booklet.”

(J So visit Henry S. Cooper, Peony Fan, Kenosha, Wisconsin, with a letter
and let him visit you with his remarkable book.

390

The Garden Magazine, August, 19

Ever Try “Iris Potpourri?

One of my customers has left with me a standing order for one bulb of
all new and distinctive seedling Irises which are produced from year to
year. I was curious enough to ask her why.

“Well, there are so many beautiful varieties that you simply can’t grow
all of them in borders, so I have one large bed where all the new ones
are placed, I call it ‘Iris Potpourri’

The idea appealed to me, and, I believe, will appeal to many of my
friends. To give Iris enthusiasts a chance to get good ingredients at the
start I have listed two special collections for this month — the one a large
edition of the other.

Here's An Excellent Start

Collection A — twenty-five separate varieties, packed and correctly labeled, wall
be sent for $5; Collection A 2 — fifty separate varieties for $10. This is at the rate
of twenty cents each, but some of these bulbs are considerably more valuable.

Farr’s Hardy Plant Specialties contains over a hundred pages, with numerous
illustrations in natural colors, and many photographic reproductions. This book
is too costly for miscellaneous distribution, but a copy will be sent upon receipt of
$1, which sum may be deducted from your first order amounting to $10.

BERTRAND H. FARR

Wyomissing Nurseries Company

104 Garfield Avenue, Wyomissing, Penna

^IRIS

Our descriptive booklet lists over 200 of the
finer varieties. You will find it of interest
and value.

Sent free on request

Haiwcs HutkarP

„ GROWER OF 0

A Peonies & Iriseo A

6144 Lakewood Ave. Chicago, III.

“PEONIES — IRIS

Practically Unlimited Selection— 5 Grand Peonies at Reasonable Prices

1— Triumphe de l’Exposition de Lille A monster flower of exquis-
ite pink. 75c. each.

2 — Karl Rosenfleld. Unsurpassed among the reds. $4.50 each.

3 — Delicatissima. A great favorite. Pale lilac-rose of great fra-
grance. 50c. each.

4— Rosy Dawn. Single snow-white flower; a wonder. $1.50 each.

5 — Albatre. Creamy-white, edged carmine. $1.50 each.

IRISES

Our stock of Irises contains only the choicest varieties in Tall and
Dwarf Bearded, Japanese, Siberian classes. Send for our catalogue
giving full descriptions and lists of Irises and Peonies.

Jacob Schulz Company 550 Fourth Ave., Louisville, Kentucky

A New and Improved Nozzle for ALL OVERHEAD IRRIGATION

eliminates turning of LINES. These Nozzles fit your present overhead LINES. I will replace these New
Nozzles and make allowance for old ones. These Nozzles spray in all directions and cover 50 feet at
one time.

Write, call or phone me

CHAS. H. ALLENDER, Irrigation Expert, 205 West Street, N. Y. City, Phone Walker 6519

It Prevents
The August Lagging
Of Your Garden

August is the month gardens gener-
ally go to pieces.

Lack of moisture is mostly the reason.
One of our 50 feet Portable Lines
will prevent it.

Waters 2500 square feet. Costs so
little as $23.75.

Can ship at once. Catalogue if you
wish it.

The Skinner Irrigation Co.

219

Water

St.

Troy

Ohio

Or IRRI9ATIO)

Moss Aztec Pottery

Offers a wide choice of objects, from simple fern
dishes and bud vases to impressive jardinieres
and plant stands. Its predominating charac-
teristic is refined elegance in designs and colors.
A post card request will bring you the “Moss

Aztec” cata-
logue and
name of near-
est dealer.

1

ZANE
POTTERY
COMPANY
So. Zanesville, 0.

— YOUR GARDEN YEAR —

a really helpful seed catalogue. We will

gladly send it to you without cost.

Edward T Bromfield Seed Co.

GARDEM CITY - MEW YORK

Do You Garden

The Gilson Way?

The Gilson Way of Gardening provides the

proper tool for every job and person.

The Gilson Weeder kills weeds. A child can handle it
perfectly.

The Liberty Cultivator pulverizes the soil, saves mois-
ture, uproots weeds. As easily handled as a rake.

The Gilson Triplex is a 100% efficient combination of both
the above — a man’s cultivator.

Lcam all about the remarkable Gilson Line of
Garden Tools by writing for Free Booklet.

J. E. GILSON CO., 100 Valley St., Port Washington, Wise.

, Garden Magazine, August, 1921

391

Mi— r

— g

imnnmnniDigiiiniuiiiDinimifliiiiiiinniiiiinuiiiii:iiiiniini!iniiiDniiiiiiiiiin;Hmiii»niiiiiiMiini

Peonies With a Lineage

WE call your attention to the CHERRY HILL STRAIN OF
PEONIES which we have been OVER FIFTY YEARS IN
PERFECTING.

These PEONIES EMBRACE the BEST and LATEST of the
AMERICAN and EUROPEAN VARIETIES and are NOTED for
their WONDERFUL VIGOR and FREE BLOOMING QUALITIES.

Among them you will find EXQUISITE, ENCHANTERESSE, LA FRANCE,
GINETTE, LADY ALEXANDRA DUFF, JEANNOT, KELWAY'S GLO-
RIOUS, LE CYGNE, MME. JULES DESSERT, MRS. C. S. MINOT.
PHILIPPE RIVOIRE, ROSA BONHEUR, ROSETTE, SARAH BERN-
HARDT, SOLANGE, THERESE, TOURANGELLE, WALTER FAXON,
the BEST of the BRAND AND SHAYLOR SEEDLINGS, the FAMOUS
CHERRY HILL SEEDLINGS, and a HOST of OTHERS of the HIGH-
EST TYPE.

Remember, YOU CAN GET NO BETTER no matter where you go or what prices
you may pay.

THOUSANDS who have visited our gardens and seen our exhibits at the leading
Peony shows WILL TESTIFY to CHERRY HILL QUALITY.

T. C. THURLOW’S SONS, Inc., ESSJF8&SB Cherry Hill Nurseries

Not Open Sundays WEST NEWBURY, MASS.

■■null

IMIIIih

• •

Bobbink & Atkins

Visit

Nursery

Ask for
Catalogue

ROSES

EVERGREENS
RHODODENDRONS
TREES AND SHRUBS
OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS
SPRING FLOWERING BULBS
FRUIT TREES AND BUSHES

Ask for special lists of Plants in Pots,

Pot -grown Vines and Climbers and Peonies and Iris

Nurserymen and Florists

Rutherford New Jersey

This

is the dreaded

ROSE BUG—

The rapacious insect that destroys
not only your choicest Roses but also

Gnaws the Rhododendron buds

Destroys Grape blossoms and young
fruit

Relishes your finest Poppy blooms

In short, attacks anything andevery-
thingof delicacy, fragrance and beauty.

Melrosine

The General
Contact Insecticide

It KILLS ROSEBUGS and many other insects

As far as we know, absolutely the only remedy that
actually destroys the rosebug; and naturally other insects
readily succumb.

Sold by many seed firms and nurseries. If no dealer in
your neighborhood carries it, a sample can (enough to
make one gallon of spraying solution) will be forwarded,
postpaid, upon receipt ot 6oc.

THE CARDEN CHEMICAL COMPANY

NEW Y □ Ft K CITY, IN . Y.

392

The Garden Magazine, August, j|

Sjpose this house

stood nearthirsea

What could you plant about it?

What could you plant that would survive salt spray and the stiff gales?

Hicks Nurseries have found out that two-needle pines as Pitch. Japanese Black,
Austrian, Scotch stand the salt, also Bayberry, \\ ild Cherry, Virginia Creeper,
Beach Plum, Holly, Bearberry, Juniper, Privet and Wild Rose.

Plant as Nature plants in thick groups. The outside foliage gets brown but
each succeeding plant is higher and higher so that a group 15' wide can slant from
nothing up to 8' on the lee side. Thegardensof Southampton. NewportandBarHar-

bor are beautiful. Why? Because they are in the lee of such groups and have
received the cool evening dew. You can plant a garden now. Then everything is as
you expect and ready to enjoy right away. You don’t have to worry7 and try to
remember all winter and wonder whether you can get it done next spring when
you are not there. A carload, truckload or a crate by freight or express is
guaranteed to grow satisfactorily. Can you think of any reason for putting off,
except the tradition of spring only?

’Spose this house stands in the suburbs of New York? Does it need a wall of
green to shut our the noisy procession of automobiles, to give you quiet within,
the blue sky overhead, to give you a windbreak for winter and a garden of delight
every day in the year? August is the time to plant the wall of green.

Do the grounds grow all the eats they should? The Indians had Huckleberry,
Beach Plum, Wild Grape, — have you? Huckleberries can be planted in August.

’Spose the owner of this house had a secret longing to plant Ferns. Arbutus,
Columbines, in the cool soil behind rotting logs and moist stones? Hicks Nurser-
ies will help load your car every7 Saturday afternoon. That is the cheapest way
to get the most fun and the most plants.

’Spose this house needs to have the flower garden re-made for color harmony,
the shru bs thinned out for Pines and Oaks? August is the time.

HICKS NURSERIES, Dept. M, Westbury, Long Island, New York

The Madonna
or Ascension Lily

LILIUM CANDIDUM

(Northern Grown Bulbs)

Without doubt the most pic-
turesque Lily for our gardens.
Planted during September and
October produces in June,
sturdy stems crowned with a
mass of pure white flowers.
Absolutely hardy and ideal for
the perennial garden.

Original hampers of one hundred $30.00
Per dozen 4.50

Write for “My Garden Favorites”
summer edition containing com-
' plete listing of Holland Bulbs, Sum-
mer Seeds and Strawberry plants.

MAURICE FULD, Inc.

Plantsmen — Seedsmen
7 West 45th Street
New York

A Garry -nee-Dule Selection

of Desirable Hardy Plants

Are you making an old-fashioned garden or a hardy border or j"
rock garden? Here are twelve varieties that we consider to be verj
fine, most desirable and of the hardiest. We believe the\ will pleas*
you, too, because of their beauty and usefulness. We w ill send you

Achillea ptarmica, The Pearl; Aquilegia, Long Spurred Hybrid.
Delphinium belladonna; Delphinium choicest Hybrid; Doronicurr
caucasicum; Gaillardia grandiflora: Gypsophila paniculata, double
flowered; Iris, Sherwin Wright; Oriental Poppy, scarlet; Phlox. «•
Miss Lingard; Pyrethrum roseiun; Scabiosa caucasica.

The 12 different varieties for $2.50.

5 plants each of 12 different sorts (60 in all) for f 10.00.

Or we will select 12 choice varieties suitable for the rock gardes
at the same prices.

Please ask for our illustrated Catalogue “Hardy Plants for the
Home Garden." Not as large as some other lists but interesting
enough to deserve your attention. Gladly mailed free. Let s get
acquainted.

Garry-nce-Dule

W. A. TOOLE,

Baraboo, Wi*.

!

Nine Fine Peonies $5.75, Prepai

o mail y<*
ter. Edu .
e. de Ver

To acquaint you with my stock, it will be a pleasure to mail 3
one strong root each of Avalanche. Delachei, Dorchester.
Superba, Felix Crousse, Festiva Maxima, Fragrans, Mme.
ville and Baroness Schroeder at $5.75.

This is an extra special offer, made by way of a business build*
Complete list of hardy plants and other specialties on request.

1$. 9. H?allauer, (Ontario, SSapne Co., i%. I

Rare and Beautiful Wild Flowers

( Bulbs and Dormant Roots)

Merfensia, or Virginia Cowslip — pink, changing to azure blue.
Dodecatheon, or Shooting Star — pink. Cyclamen-like flowers.
Trillium, or Wake Robin — white, red and pink, one kind
fragrant.

From the Far West

Calochortus. The exquisite Mariposa, or Butterfly, Tulips, in
variety.

Erythronium, Trout Lily, or Dog Tooth Violet, in yellows,
whites, pinks and purples.

Lewisia, or Bitter Root — the charming. satiny>pink. State
Flower of Montana.

Brodiaea, or Floral Firecracker — crimson, tipped green.

These bulbs and roots should be planted between August 15th and
October 15th. They are spring bloomers, perfectly hardy and. with
many other scarce and lovely things, are fully described and priced
in my descriptive list, w hich also gives simple cultural directions that
will insure success. Write for it To-day, or call at my office and
make your selections.

Herbert Durand, Wild Garden Specialist

286 Fifth Avenue (near 30th St.), New York City

EDGE YOUR LAWN

quickly — easily — cheaply — the new way with a

MILLER LAWN and GARDEN EDGER

It makes a clean, smooth cut, about an inch and a quarter
wide and from an inch to about two inches deep. It is
simple, adjustable, durable and practically i
destructible. The knife is made of carbon steel,
hardened and tempered in form and is easily
removed to sharpen. Indispensable for
trimming around the edge of flower
beds, or sides of hedges. By revers-
ing the 'blade
you have a

tool that S' ^ * r : n
r * 1 1 and cul-

tivate. Sent
post-paid for

Si. 50.

Manufactured and

sold by

GEO B MILLER & SON
COMPANY
Waterloo, Iowa

1

1

1

I

P

I BABCOCK PEONY GARDENS Jamestown, N. Y.

%

10 Very Choice Peonies
Worth $8.00 for $5.00

Strong plants that should bloom for you next spring. Guar- |
antecd true to name and descriptions. Our large catalogue tells
you all about them. Send J or your copy to-day.

We have one of the largest plantings of Peonies in the East;
a $100,000 stock of new and rare varieties. Be sure to send for
the catalogue — there’s something new to tell you in it. We are
offering the following collection for $5.00. We have selected them
for you; all are very choice and cover a long season of bloom.

Eugenie Verdier. (1st prize winner at Cleveland) Baby

Sink .......

ix Crousse. Extra-fine cut flower — red .

Festiva Maxima. The finest early white
Darkness. Almost black. Very dark single
Crown of Gold. White and yellow; late; extra
Monsieur Barrall. Very late pink
L’Indispensable. Very large shell-pink
Duchess de Nemours. Creamy-white, extra-fine
Fragrans. Very late fragTant rose-pink
Modele de Perfection. Very late light pink

Send for two collections (show the offer to your friend) and
we will give each of you one extra choice root of a different var-
iety as a premium.

$1 00

.75

.75.
.75 1
.75
1.00'
.75 1
.75
.50
1.00

le Garden Magazine, August, 1921

393

And Now, It’s PEONIES!

THE flower that summarizes the beauty of the rose, the sturdiness of an
oak, is dependable in all climates and needs no petting to make it thrive,
the June inspiration of millions — . The Day of Appreciation of the Peony
is here! And that my own efforts are finding appreciation is evinced by
some fine letters I get. Here is one from Poughkeepsie, N. Y„ July 5,
1921, as follows: —

“You are an honest man and lam a well-pleased one. Parcel
arrived to-day in good condition and revealed the fact that all
you promised in advertisement in “Garden Magazine " was more
than done. Thanks for the extras

Twelve Popular Favorites $5.00

A

ifV

Boule de Neige
Canari

Couronne d’Or

Delachei
Duchesse de Nemours
Edulis Superba

Felix Crousse
Festiva Maxima
Marie Stuart

Mme. de Galhau

Mireille

Niguricans

Seven Peonies worth $ 1 7.50— every one a gem— for $ 1 5.00

Archie Brand Augustin d'Hour Baroness Schroeder Chestine Gowdy

Karl Rosenfeld Mme. Decel Marguerite Gerard

Peonies in mixture $2.50 per 12; $15.00 per 100
If you already have any of these, we will send others equally valuable. Moreover, since I am
also an Iris Enthusiast, I’ll offer you

A TREAT in Iris —

Here are twelve sorts that are bound to make you a friend and they should bloom next Spring.
All different, covering a long blooming season: Worth $4.00, for $3.00 and I guarantee
that you’ll be delighted with character of roots.

Dr. Bernice Ingeborg Loreley Rhein-Nixe

Florentina Mme. Chereau Queen of May Walneriana

Halfdan Mrs. Neubronner Sherwin-Wright Walhalla

Iris in choice mixture $1.00 per 12; $5.00 per 100; $45.00 per 1,000

So, please let's get acquainted! There is a little catalogue, too, which I shall gladly mail to those
who first would want to know something more about my Iris and Peonies, my business and dreams
to see America become one vast garden of Peonies and Iris.

GEO. N. SMITH

Wellesley Hills, Mass.

OH MOTHER THEY ARE GREAT!

Real Strawberries From Your Own Garden

You can raise Lovett’s Pot-Grown Strawberries In your own garden. Have the
world’s largest Strawberry Specialists Guarantee your success this season

We will send a dozen each (36 in all) of the three wonderful VAN FLEET HYBRIDS
—EARLY JERSEY CLAST, JOHN II. COOK and EDMUND WILSON— all pot-
grown, for $->.50, or twenty-live of each for $6.50.

The following are all fine, pot-grown plants of the everbearing varieties: CHAMPION
EVERBEARING , FRANCIS. IDEAL, LUCKY BOY, PROGRESSIVE and SUPERB.
We will send six each (36 in all) for $3.75, or a dozen of each (72 in all) for $7.00.

Send for catalogue No. 102 in which we offer 20 other good varieties.

J.T L0VTETT

UXionm&uth efturseru.

VORLD'S LARGEST GROWER OF SMALL*7
BRUITS, FOR NEARLY 50 YEARS — «=*-

3ox 125, Little Stiver, Kew Jersey

aam

Dainty Blooms from California

Erythroniums, or Dog’s-Tooth Violets, are among the most
charming spring flowers. Although native to West America,
they are easily grown and quite hardy anywhere in the East.

Western Lilies, Camassias, Trilliums, and Lady Slippers
are others you will care for, and there are many more which
will succeed marvellously along the Atlantic Coast.

My illustrated catalogue A describes these, while catalogue
B presents a wide variety of the world’s finest hardy
plants, including very rare Irises, and a splendid collec-
tion of Sedums.

Either catalogue will be sent on request.

Carl Purdy, B9°* Ukiah, California

v. 2 — 2 — s

394

The Garden Magazine, August, 192,

Emblems of Spring and Sunshine

How will Spring be announced on your grounds? Of course you’ll have the
calls of a few newly arrived birds, and the buds on the trees to remind you, yet with-
out multitudes of flowers, Spring’s presence is not properly acknowledged. No blooms
typify the cheery days of early Spring more delightfully than

Tulips, Hyacinths, Daffodils

These will give your grounds the pleasing air of celebrating their release from
V inter; cultivated indoors, they will furnish fragrance and banish gloom through the
Winter season.

Our long-established connections with expert and reliable Holland Growers, and our exten-
sive trials of thousands of bulbs each year, enables us to help you make your Spring garden a constant
source of delight. For over forty years we have specialized in quality bulbs, sturdy and sure-to-bloom.

Beckert’s Fall Bulb Catalogue for 1921

make gardens— a reliable guide to success with bulbs, indoors and out. Send us your name and
address to receive a copy. Write to-day.

BECKERT’S SEED STORE

“LILIUM REGALE”

HORSFORD’S HARDY LILIES

PAEONIES AND IRISES

This new Regal Lily is the finest novelty that has been
offered in years. Our Hardy Perennials, Wild Flowers,
Lilies, Orchids, Hardy Ferns, Vines, Shrubs, and Trees
which we grow here have always given satisfaction
when properly set. Trees and Shrubs that we have
found tender in severe winters have been discarded
from our lists. Ask for our Autumn Supplement and
Fall Price List before making up your list of wants.

F. H. HORSFORD

CHARLOTTE VERMONT

^7 IMP SOAP

Y*

SPRAY

■Sure Insect Killer

IMP Soap Spray is a scientifically prepared
compound that is destructive to insects with-
out injuring plants or roots. Does not spot
leaves, fruit, grass or deface paint work. May
be used on fruit trees; shade trees; flowering
shrubs; vines; garden truck; and on all sorts
of plants, both under glass and out of doors.

It is most effective against rose bug; mill bug:
white, black, green and rhododendron fly ; red
spider; thrips; aphis; fruit pests; elm leaf
beetle and moths. Very economical, one gallon
is mixed with 25 to 40 gallons of water. Full
directions on each can. Order direct if your
dealer cannot supply.

Pint can $ .50

Quart can .75

Gallon can 2.25

5 Gallon can 10.00

10 18.00

F. E. ATTEAUX & CO., Inc.

17B Purchase St.
BOSTON MASS.

3108

Beco- a LANDSCAPf-

profession— Cr0W<kd ARCHITEC1

Inexpensive. Easy to master. Large income. Diploma awarde
Special proposition to HOME OWNERS and Plan for beaut
fying your property. Write to-day. L. W. Fisk, President.

AMERICAN LANDSCAPE SCHOOL, 28-M, Newark, New Yo.

GREENS

TREES AND PLANTS

Everything for Garden and Orchard

SYRACUSE, the best red raspberry grown to-day, CACO,
a wonderful, large red grape. HONEYSWEET, a new black-
cap raspberry and ROCHESTER peacb, are fine producers. I
Trees True to Name. Apple, peach, pear, cherry, nut and
shade trees. Strawberry plants, raspberry, blackberry, goose- ,
berry and currant bushes, vines, shrubs, roses and orna-
mentals. Best varieties. 40 years’ producing better plants.
Buy direct. Save money.

Our illustrated catalogue free

GREEN’S NURSERY CO., Box 7, Rochester, N.Y.

lave a Beautiful Blooming Garden

from April until October

by planting our reliable

Irises, Peonies
and Gladioli

We are growers and importers of the choice
varieties. Over 600 varieties of Irises.

RAINBOW GARDENS

701-2 Commerce Bldg., St. Paul, Minn. j
Send for our FREE illustrated catalogue

395

‘.\e Carden Magazine, August, 1921

Strawberry Beds
Should Be Made Now

This year try new sorts, far
better than the old familiar kinds.
The varieties here represent thirty-
five years of improvement and
selection.

Buckbee — noted for size, color,
flavor, and sturdy growth. $4 per
doz., $7.50 per 25, $13.50 per 50,
$25 per 100.

Kevitt’s Jubilee — dark, filbert-
shaped berries of exquisite flavor,
borne well off the ground.

Beal — a huge round berry often
more than 2 inches through.
Kevitt’s Jubilee and Beal, $3 per
25, $5.50 per 50, $10 per 100.

Plant Buckbee and Beal with
other sorts as they are imperfect
flowering varieties.

Order the berry plants direct
from this advertisement if you
wish, or send for catalogue G
describing these three berries,
together with all standard and
everbearing varieties.

WM. M. HUNT & CO., inc.

148 Chambers Street
New York City

I Have Grown Peonies
Since 1880

It is now over forty years since I first fell in
love with the Peony and the more I know of
them and about them, the greater my admir-
ation grows. Gradually I have added to my
collection until it is now
one of the most extensive
in America and you will
find

Over 500 Sorts to
Select From

Originally starting as an
amateur, I do not have as
many plants of some of the
rarer kinds as you may find
in some nurseries, but I do
have enough to divide and
you will find my prices quite
reasonable. I shall also be
glad to make specific sug-
gestions to newcomers among
Peony lovers as to appro-
priate varieties for a starter.

Take My Word For These:

L. A. DUFF $7.00

TOURANGELLE 7.00

SARAH BERNHARDT 3.00

It will be a pleasure to mail you a copy of my free catalogue.

W. L. GUMM, Peony Specialist

Remington Indiana

i|

A Garden Full of Flowers
Next Year at Small Cost

The time to plant your Iris, Peonies and hardy
Perennials is during August and September. Try
these Irises for profusion of flowers:

Aurea. Deep chrome-yellow; very choice. Each 25c,
per doz. $2.50, per 100 $18.00.

Florentine alba. Best early white. Each 10c, per
doz. $1.00, per 100 $7.00.

Florentine purple. The

best early purple. Each 10c,
per doz. $1.00, per 100 $7.00.

Lorely. Falls deep ultra
marine-blue, veined with
creamy-white and bordered.
Sulphur-yellow stands. Each
25c, per doz. $2.50, per 100
$20.00.

Mitras. Standards yellow,
falls violet-shaded with claret,
yellow borders. Each 25c, per
doz. $2.50, per 100 $20.00.

Madame Chereau. This
is one of the most desirable I ris ;
very tall spike filled with blos-
soms, white, broad lavender
frilled edges. Each 15c, per
doz. $1.50, per 100 $10.00.

Queen of May. Beauti-
ful pink. Each 25c, per doz.
$2.50, per 100 $20.00.

Sherwin Wright. Deep
golden-yellow. Each 50c, per
doz. $5.00.

Black Prince. The

darkest purple. Each 25c, per
doz. $2.50, per 100 $20.00.

PEONIES

Some of the finest, yet
moderately priced

Duchesse de Nemours.

Fine shaped, creamy-white,
early and free in blossom. Each
50c, per doz. $5.00, per 100
$35.00. .

Festiva maxima. One
of the best pure white and little
blood red spot in centre makes
it very attractive. Each 50c, per doz. $5.00, per 100 $35.00.

Felix Crouse. Very large double; bright red. Each
$1.00, per doz. $10.00.

Madame Calot. Very large delicate pink, one of the
earliest to blossom. Each 50c, Per doz. $5.00, per 100 $35.00.

Mons. Jules Eli. A wonderful pink, with silvery tips;
one of the largest flowers. Each $2.00, per doz. $20.00.

Pearl. Large very double white, delicate pink in centre,
late in blossom. Each $1.50, per doz. $15.00.

Faust. One of the very dark red. Each $1 .00, per doz. $10.00.

We also offer a complete line of Tulips , Daffodils and
other Dutch Bulbs for fall planting. Complete Catalogue
sent free on request. Please write and order TO-DAY.

Chautauqua Flowerfield Co.

C. Zeestraten, Prop., R. F. D. 68

Bemus Point New York

396

The Garden Magazine, August, IS

■

€

Buffalo” Portable Fencing System

“BUFFALO” PORTABLE FENCING SYSTEM is in

use on some of the finest country estates in America —
as enclosures for BABY CHICKS, GROWN CHICK'
ENS, DUCKS, GEESE, TURNKEYS, PEACOCKS,
PUPPIES, DOGS, LAMBS, PIGS, RABBITS and other
small fowl or animals.

This 'Buffalo'’ System permits a frequent, simple, quick,
inexpensive rotation or expansion of enclosures and
prevents yards from becoming barren and unsightly.

SIZES and PRICES for six or more sections Net per section

T long x 5' high $4.50

2'6"wide x 5' high (gate) . .
4'6" long x 5'

8' " x 2'

6' " x 2'

&

2.75

3.75

2.75
2.25

Prices F. O. B. Buffalo. N. Y. Send check,
money order, or N. Y. Draft and we will
ship at once from stock.

WRITE for Booklet No. 70-C. which shows
designs, sizes and prices. Mailed upon re-
ceipt of 6c postage.

BUFFALO WIRE WORKS CO., Inc ( Formerly Scheeler’s Sons ) 467 Terrace, BUFFALO, N. Y.

“Waiting In The Wilderness” ENOS A. MILLS’ Latest Nature Adventures Book £ef0

Choicest PEONIES

Including all the New and Rare Varieties

Le Cygne, Kelway’s Glorious, Solange. Therese,
La France, Martha Bulloch, Tourangelee, Mme.
Jules Dessert, Primevere, Rosa Bonheur, Eliz-
abeth Barrett Browning, Longfellow, M. M.
Cahuzac, Loveliness, Enchanteresse, Jubilee, etc.

New catalogue ready July 1st, free

IRIS — My Rainbow Collection for $5.00

25 named varieties including Monsignor, Rhein Nixe, Dal-
matica, Nibelungen, etc.

D. W. C. RUFF, Globe Bldg., St. Paul, Minn.

Movilla Peonies

Awarded Gold and Silver Medals by

American Peony Society

New York — Philadelphia — Reading
1916 1917 1920

We give our entire time and atten-
tion to cultivating the best.

^1 We waste no effort or expense grow-
ing inferior varieties.

f We have all the newest and best
American and European Introduc-
tions.

IJ Send 30 cents for descriptive cata-
logue with symposium ratings or
send a postal card for free price
list.

Movilla Gardens

Haverford, Pa.

Fryer’s Hardy
Perennials

For twenty-five years I
have pleaded the cause of
the old-fashioned hardy
plant. Even so, my col-
lection is not as extensive
as some for the simple rea-
son that absolute hardiness
was made the first requisite.

Delphiniums,
Iris, Phlox,
Peonies

I offer enough to make a
choice interesting without
making the lists confusing.
I will vouch for the behav-
ior in your garden of any
I offer.

Free Catalogue

yours for the asking. Let
it acquaint you with one of
the most extensive stocks
of real hardy plants offered
in the country.

WILLIS E. FRYER

Mantorville, Minnesota

ANDORRA

Ornamentals exclusively
distinctive in quality and
variety for street, park
and all civic planting
G\Ve cater to the most
discriminating trade.

Have you seen ANDORRA?

ANDORRA

NURSERIES

Strawberry Plants

For August and tall plant-
ing. Pot-grown and runner
plants that will bear tmit
next summer. RASPBERRY, BLACKBERRY, GOOSEBERRY',
CURRANT, GRAPE, RHUBARB. ASPARAGUS plants; DEL-
PHINIUMS, SHASTA DAISY, GAILLARDIA, ANCHUSA. HI-
BISCUS, SWEET WILLIAM. HOLLYHOCK, AQUILEGIA, CEN-
TAL’RE A, POPPY and other Perennial Flower plants; ROSES and
SHRUBS for fall planting. Catalogue free.

HARRY A. SQUIRES, Good Ground, N. Y.

Peonies and Iris

Quality plants at reasonable prices.
Catalogue free.

GEO. H. SCHENCK, Elsie, Mich.

Grower of Hardy Shrubs and Plants.

ROSES

FAIRFAX ROSES are widely known for their
exquisite beauty, deep fragrance of delicate re-
finement— and long life.

Fairfax Rose plants are nurtured under natural condi-
tions— outdoors — wintered, and acclimated to all cli-
mates; tough canes and vigorous roots impart a hardi-
ness to Fairfax plants which assures thriving growth any-
where, and a full, free and beauteous bloom the first
season.

New Fairfax Rose Book Free

Send for new Rose-Book, containing beautiful illustra-
tions and descriptions of roses — ROYAL ROSES OF
PURITY AND BEAUTY — with valuable facts on grow-
ing roses.

W. R. GRAY

Box 6 Oakton, Fairfax County Virginia

^ II*

e Garden Magazine, August, 1921

397

PEONIES and IRIS

Our Unique Guarantee

We will replace with three any plant blooming untrue

to description.

THE PETERSON PEONY DIGEST

is to the endless varieties offered what the Five-Foot
Library is to the literature of the world.

The Digest will be sent free upon application.

PETERSON NURSERY

1032 Stock Exchange Bldg. Chicago, Illinois

Callahan GREEN ROUSES

FALL and winter, the destroyers of outdoor life are just around
the comer. But you can enjoy the fragrance of flowers in your
home, have fresh things for your table and revel in the beauty of
your garden all winter if you erect a Callahan Sectional Greenhouse
NOW. There are beautiful houses for both suburban homes and
city residences.

Callahan greenhouses are es-
pecially practical for those who
garden in theirspare time whether

for pleasure or profit. The scientific de-
sign and careful construction insure suc-
cessful gardens. The side walls are
insulated with the "dead air” cell method.
All wood parts are Red Cypress and the
roof supports are pipe purlins.

Built in completely finished unit
sections, Callahan greenhouses
eliminate erection costs. Anyone
can quickly and easily bolt the sections
together — even the hardware is attached.
In the new Greenhouse Book you will
find illustrated a style which will fit into
your grounds with every appearance of
individuality. Write for your copy today.

T. J. CALLAHAN CO., 28 S. Canal St., Dayton, Ohio

We also make Duo-Glazed Sash for Hot-
beds andC ut-to-Fit Greenhouse Material

in tin un n nil mm

an St 000 OKI CIO G!) Ft

Tricker’s Catalogue Tells
How to Grow

all aquatic plants, particularly Water-Lilies. It likewise
gives full details of the construction of a concrete lily pond.

Water-Lilies

greatly increase the novelty and loveliness of your gar-
den. Their heavy foliage and waxen blooms constantly
arouse interest and admiration. You’ll find full descrip-
tions of all varieties in my catalogue. Send for a copy
to-day; now is the time to plan for next spring.

WILLIAM THICKER

Water-Lily Specialist

Arlington, New Jersey

August is at hand — hence Evergreens
can be moved. We have one of the
finest collections of evergreens in the
United States. If in want of large ever-
greens for immediate effects, we have
them in plants of all sizes that have |
j been frequently transplanted.

Our collection of perennials also is
one of the largest in America and in-
cludes hundreds of varieties. These
can be handled at any time after Au- M
1 gust 20th.

Price List for the Asking.

THE BAY STATE NURSERIES

w. H. WYMAN, Prop.

North Abington, Mass.

398

Plants

Will produce a full crop of berries next June, if
planted this summer

HDCUD’C MID-SUMMER
O CATALOGUE

Offers the best varieties and gives full directions for planting;
also offers Celery and Cabbage Plants, seasonable Vegetable.
Flower and Farm Seeds, potted Hardy Perennials, etc. Write
for a free copy and kindly mention this publication.

HENRY A. DREER, 714 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.

HODGSON

Portable

HOUSES

To play in, to work in, to live in —
Hodgson Portable Houses are the
best. A staunch, warm hunting
camp, a cool, summer cottage or a
cozy play house can be erected with
ease — if it is a Hodgson.

Hodgson Houses are accurately
made — of the best materials. They
stand for years and years in good
condition. Write for illustrated
catalog showing many uses.

E. F. HODGSON COMPANY
Room 228, 71-73 Federal St., Boston, MaiS.

8 East 39tb St., New York City

Plan NOW

“Moons’ Evergreens
and Perennials for
Early Fall Planting.
Now is the time to
plan that garden spot
with the flower and
Evergreen favorites
you are seeing this
summer. Send for
our illustrated des-
criptive catalogue.”

"Moons' Nurseries]

Morrtsville Pennsylvania^

PEONIES

Did you see the Prize Winners
at the Boston Show?

If you did not, my BOSTON
PEONY SHOW BOOKLET will

HOME ATTRACTIONS

The Garden Magazine, August,

tell you about the Prize Winners
and where they came from, and the
Price List in the booklet will con-
tain my offer to furnish you a
root of each of the Prize Winning
varieties.

PEONY SHOW BOOKLET and
Price List mailed free on request.

LEE R. BONNEWITZ

Washington St., Van Wert, Ohio

Walter Faxon

A Peony “unusual in
color and unrivalled” in
form; clear salmon-pink;
large and full. $10.00
each.

The world 's choicest nov-
elties grow in my garden.
Why not have them in
yours?

MRS. WM. CRAWFORD

GroW&r of Fine Peonies and Irises

1602 Indiana Ave., La Porte, Ind.

Suitable and Suggestive for Beautifying
Home Grounds with

Pergolas, Rose Arbors, Lattice Fences,
Garden Houses and Garden Accessories

Our illustrated catalogue contains just the
things required to lend cheer and pleasure to
the surroundings of home.

(When writing enclose
ioc and ask for catalogue
“H-33”)

Hartmann-Sanders Co.

Factory, Showroom
and tilain Office;

2155-87 Elston Ave.
Chicago, 111.
Eastern Office and
Showroom :

6 East 39th Street
New York City

_

-

Established 1810

GAUOWAY
POTtEFCT

FOR GARDEN &, INTERIOR

Send 10c in stamps for Catalogue
of Bi rd Baths. Flower Vases. Boxes, 1
Sun Dials. Gazing Globes, Benches
and other interesting pieces in
durable Terra Cotta.

Garoway Tf.rra CoTta Cq

3214 WALNUT ST PHILADELPHIA 1

Plant Iris Now

Alcazar, Isolene, Trojana for $1.50

Choice delphiniums, snap dragons, pansies. Stock and
other bedding plants for August planting.

HUNT’S GROVE IRIS GARDENS
Box 102 Saint Helena, Napa Valley, Northern California

FLOWERS

Hardy Field Grown Collection

$1.00. 6 each purple California and sweetest blue Palma
violets; 2 each Shasta daisies, paper-white April narcissi,
terra-cotta colored day lilies, white iris, and fragrant
southern honey -suckle.

MRS. E. B. DABNEY Rte. 2, Vicksburg, Miss.

Hardy Phloxes

My Specialty

300 Varieties in My Collection

The following varieties are
especially recommended for
border and bed planting;

Obergartner Wittig —

Large lavender flowers.

La Vogue — Buff pink.
Miss Lingard — Early
white, extremely popular.

Mad. P. Langier — Bright
red.

Frau Anton Buchner —

The best white Phlox.

Hanna Pfleiderer— White
with pink center.

Send for my circular tell-
ing about my Phloxes with
descriptions and prices.

W. F. SCHMEISKE

Hardy Phlox Grower
State Hospital Station
Binghamton, N.Y.

Frau Anton Buchner

IRIS

Over 100 varieties to choose from. Our plants have
made a wonderful growth the past season.

May we not send you our booklet.

RANSOM FARM GARDENS
Geneva Ohio

Gardeners

Will be delighted to learn that we are
growing the choicest collection of
Hardy Perennials in this country at
the present time.

May we not offer our services to you
in a catalogue that is quite unusual
in the wide list of choice varieties.

WOLCOTT NURSERIES
Choice and Rare Hardy Plants
Clinton Road Jackson, Michigan

r» Garden Magazine, August, 1921

399

Htttle Eree Jfarm£

INTRODUCTORY OFFER

6 LITTLE EVERGREENS 00

18 to 24-inches high *

OFFER INCLUDES:

Two White Spruce, One Douglas Fir,

Two Arborvitse, One Red Pine.

Shipped in one unit, roots packed in moss,
average shipping weight 25 lbs. Delivered to
express or parcel post, Framingham, Mass.

REMITTANCE WITH ORDER

Send for “BOOK OF LITTLE TREE FARMS

Address :

American Jforestfrp
Boston Co. Mass.

Dept. A-8

Naturalesque Pools
plus Nature’s Wild Plants

Some of the loveliest plant material for the bog and water
garden or pools, natural or otherwise, are found among our na-
tive hardy plants. Water Lilies, Pitcher Plants, Many Orchids,
Pickerel Weed, Buck Bean, Stud Flowers, Irises — all are as ideal
material for ideal water gardens as is known to horticulture
to-day.

Gillett Service and
Your Water Garden

Hand in hand with our service in plants goes the greater and more
constructive service of advising you on all matters pertaining to
your garden schemes, naturalesque or otherwise. Ours is easily the
most unusual stock of wild and hardy plants in America. Please
afford us the opportunity to let our catalogue prove it. An inquiry
directed to either address given below will permit us to fully famil-
iarize you as how far we are prepared to
go in rendering you the assistance
you need.

Edward Gillett

Fern and Flower Farm

3 Main Street
Southwick Mass.

Herbert Durand, Representative
286 Fifth A?e. New York Gty

Nature’s Gift Supreme

In a Deep Crimson

PEONY

The Gorgeous

KARL

ROSEN FIELD

The finest introduction of the
famous hybridizer, J . F. Rosenfield.
This peony, while not so expensive
in price, was classed among the
first of the world’s grandest crimson
varieties in the voting contest held by
the American Peony Society. Large,
hardy, resplendent in the richness of its
crimson coloring, it is indeed a thing of
beauty. No garden is complete without
the Karl Rosenfield. Strong roots, $3.00
each. Ten for $25.00.

FREE BOOK

We will send you without charge our booklet, “Superb
Peonies”, which fully describes the wonderful Karl
Rosenfield and nearly 100 other choice varieties such
as Therese Mme. de Treyeran, La France, Ella
Christine Kelway, Avalanche, etc. Now is the time to
plan your peony garden. Write us to-day.

ROSENFIELD PEONY GARDENS

72nd and Bedford Avenue, Omaha, Neb.

Those of you who have seen our Show Gardens here at Oyster
Bay are familiar with the Zandbergen quality of Tulips. Those GAR-
DEN MAGAZINE readers who have not found it possible to visit our
yearly show of 500 distinct varieties of Mayflowering, Cottage, Breeder
and many unusual Tulips should write at once for a copy of our catalogue
designed to acquaint garden enthusiasts with our stocks of Hyacinths,
Daffodils and other bulb resources.

Results Guaranteed — Prices Moderate

All our bulbs are hand-picked, grown under exacting conditions in
our nurseries in Holland. We pay duty on imports but at the very special
prices we quote, the purchaser pays transportation from New York.

A copy of our complete catalogue, giving concise descriptions, gladly mailed
free on request. Please write to-day and mention GARDEN MAGAZINE .

Zandbergen Bros., Box 747, Oyster Bay, L. I., N. Y.

Nurseries at Valkenburg, near Leiden, Holland

1 Vr

gj> f
rfcpiijiM

r

Kir, ■

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400

The Garden Magazine, August, 19:

TOWNSEND’S TRIPLEX

Brooder for so to too chick* No. 3 Poultry House for 60 hens— ! units Setting Coop

Every need of the poultry fancier is met by Hodg- than an hour without the aid of skilled labor,

son Poultry Houses. They are sturdy, weather-proof. Your hens will thrive and lay their best if kept in

vermin proof, properly ventilated, easy to clean and Hodgson Poultry Houses. Send to-day lor illustrated

move. Shipped in sections and can be erected in less catalogue showing various kinds and sizes.

Floats Over the Uneven Ground
as a Ship Rides the Waves

Portable E. F. HODGSON CO., Room 311, 71-73 Federal St.,
i HOUSES Boston, Mass. 6 East 39th St., New York City

One mower may be climbing a knoll, the
second skimming a level, and the third paring
a hollow. Drawn by one horse and operated
by one man. the TRIPLEX will mow more
lawn in a day than the best motor mower
ever made; cut it better and at a fraction
of the cost.

Drawn by one horse and operated by one man, it will
mow more lawn in a day than any three ordinary horse-
drawn mowers with three horses and three men.

Does not smash the g-ass to earth and plaster it in the
mud in springtime, neither does it crush the life out of
the grass between hot rollers and hard, hot ground in
summer, as does the motor mower.

ll'ritc for catalogue illustrating all types af Laicn Mtrucrs

S. P. TOWNSEND & CO.

248 Glenwood Avenue Bloomfield, N. J.

Peony

Novelties

From a collection of

over

500 named varieties of the

World’s Best Peonies,

I offer a limited number of

Mrs. Edward Harding

$50.

Phillippe Revoire

$12.

Kelwav’s Glorious

20.

Lady Alexander Duff

10.

Mary Woodbury Shaylor

20.

Kelway’s Queen

10.

Exquisite

12.

Solange

8.

Francis Sbaylor

12.

Phyliss Kelway

8.

Jessie Shaylor

12.

La France

8.

Le Cygne

12.

Miss Salway

8.

Laura Dessert

12.

There se

4.

12.

M. Martin Cahuzac

3.

Jubilee

12.

"The Angel of Tours”

5.

2 to 3 eye divisions —

all true stock.

Send for full list of novelties

O. L. RINGLE P. O.

Box 90 Wausau, Wis.

Suitable Designs of Iron Fence and
Gates for town houses, suburban homes,
country' estates and all other properties.

We invite correspondence with those
who are interested. Estimates furnished.

The Stewart Iron Works Co., Inc.

“ The World’s Greatest Iron Fence Builders”

220 Stewart Block, CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Sales and Construction Representatives
in Principal Cities.

WRITE FOR BOOK OF DESIGNS.

□

Dutch Bulbs, Shrubs

We import the choicest varie-
ties of bulbs from Holland If
you expect to get flowers from
bulbs they must be planted in
the fall. Now is the time to
make your selection. Send for
our new catalogue describing a
complete list of our beautiful
flowering bulbs, also Barberry
hedges and other shrubs, trees
and a complete line of nursery
stock.

A. WASHBURN & SONS
Dept. C.

Bloomington Illinois

Pc (Dlbc Jfasfjtoneb ^arbp Plants

Hollyhocks Sweet Williams

Dianthus (Hardy Pinks) Achillea (The Pearl)

Delphinium Digitalis (Foxglove)

(Hardy Larkspur) Centurea (Cornflower)

Pyrethrum Chrysanthemum

Coreopsis (Shasta Daisy)

25 cents each, $2.50 a doz.

OUR SPECIAL OFFER

1 of each of the above (10) plants - - $ 2.00

3 (30) “ - - 5.50

6 (60) ” - - 10.00

12 * - (120) •• - - 19.00

We also have many other varieties of Hardy Perennials.
Ready for August shipment.

CLINTON NURSERIES Clinton, Conn.

PEONIES $4

Large strong roots. One each of Alex. Dumas. Cour-
onne d’Or. Due de Wellington, Duchesse de Nemours,
Festiva. Mme. Calot, Mme. Costi, Mme. Crousse, for
$4; express collect.

J. F. MUNSELL Ashtabula, Ohio

STRAWBERRY PLANTS

Pot-grown Senator Dunlap, Sample. Wilson, Success and
McAlpin at $3.50 per 100. Progressive Everbearing $4.59 per
100. Write now for our catalogue of berry plants, shrubs,
ferns and perennials.

GEORGE D. AIKEN PUTNEY, VT.

“Grown in Vermont, it’s hardy “

SUNDIALS

Real Bronze Colonial Designs
From $4.50 Up
Memorial Tablets

Also other garden requisites
Manufactured by

The M. D. JONES CO.
Concord Jet., Mass.

Send for illustrated Catalogue

V SAVE YOUR GARDEN— DO

^ AWAY WITH PIRATE SPARROW

H\ Not a Sparrow at Birdville. C rescent

In

HI trail sealed their doom. Price $5.00

Hi and postage. \\ eight 9 lbs.

CRESCENT COMPANY

" Birdtillz '

Toms River, P. O. N. J.

The Recognized Standard Insecticide

Your Dealer Can Supply You

Aphine. It is the safest form of “insect insurance.”
The best remedy known for green, black, white fly,
thrips and soft scale. Easily applied— Effective.
Fungine. For rust, mildew and all sorts of blights.
Vermine. Sure eradicator for insects affecting plant
roots.

APHINE MANUFACTURING CO.
Madison New Jersey

AWAY WITH THE CESSPOOL

MOVILLA

PEONIES

are unsurpassed in vigor

and freedom of bloom

Price List

on Request

MOVILLA

GARDENS

Haverford

- - - Pa.

Secure all the sanitary comforts of a
city building.

The Aten Sewage Disposal Sys-
tem allows continuous use of wash-
stands, bathtubs, toilets, sinks,
showers, etc. Simple to install,
nothing to get out of order.

Our booklet

No. 11 tells
how and

why. Sent
free upon ~
request.

Aten

Sewage Disposal Co.
286 Fifth Ave., Now York City

Don’t Wear
a Truss

MR. C. E. BROOKS

Brooks’ Appliance, the

modem scientific invention, the
wonderful new discovery that,
relieves rupture, will be sent!
on trial. No obnoxious springs!
or pads.

Brooks’ Rupture Appliance

Has automatic Air Cushions. Binds and
draws the broken parts together as you would
a broken limb. No salves. No lies. Durable,
cheap. Sent on trial to prove it. Protected by
U. S. patents. Catalog and measure blanks
mailed free. Send name and address today.
Brooks Appliance Co.,275H Stale St., Marshall, Mich.

yiFe

air

Rioposal

If Interested In
Having a Greenhouse

Hitchin

It happens that we have some half dozen delightfully in-
formative booklets and the like, which just about cover
what most folks want to know about greenhouses when
thinking of buying one.

They would be too much to read all at once, however.
So if you incline to send us your address, we will gladly
mail you one every week or so.

Be assured that no representative will call except on your
invitation.

Co

mpaay

New York, ioi Park Avenue

HOME OFFICES and FACTORY: ELIZABETH, N. J.

Boston-9. 294 Washington Street

Now’s the time
to plant

EVERGREENS

r I 'OO few people realize the fact

-*• that August and early Septem-
ber constitute the ideal period for
the setting out of Evergreens of all
kinds — when top growth has
stopped and the full vigor of tree
or shrub is in its roots.

Don’t miss your opportunity this
Fall. Look about your place and
you’ll discover dozens of spots a
touch of cheery “Evergreen” could
beautify through otherwise color-
less winter months.

Our famous hardy stock affords
you a selection beyond comparison
in variety, beauty, and/juality.

Send for our handsome free Book

“Beautiful Home Surroundings"

Order Your Dutch Bulbs Now ■

Tulips, Hyacinths, Daffodils, Narcissi, Crocuses

We Grow Our Own Bulbs in Holland

From Grower to Consumer

VAN BOURGONDIEN BROS., BABYLON, L. I.

Twelve of the Best Breeder Tulips

Attraction Glossy violet, large flower

Bronze King Golden brown with olive base

Cardinal Manning Dark rosy violet, flushed rose-brown.

Ceres Mahogany brown, very large flow er

General Ney Old gold with olive base

Van Bieren White, striped rosy carmine

Breeder — “ Prince of Orange’

Doz.

IOO

. $.65

$4.00

. .85

6.00

. .75

5.00

.60

4.00

. .75

5.00

. .75

5 00

. .75

5.00

. .75

5.00

. .75

5.00

. .85

6.00

. .80

5.50

. .85

6.00

$ 3.50
6.50
14.00

Doz.

IOO

. . $.60

$4.00

.60

4.00

. .60

4.00

ter .60

4.00

. .60

4.00

.60

4.00

. .60

4.00

. . .60

4.00

. . .60

3.50

ive .75

5.00

.. .60

3.50

4.00

$ 3 00

5 50

1100

Twelve Cottage Tulips You Should Have

Caledonia Bright orange-scarlet

Fairy Queen Rosy heliotrope with amber margin

Gesneriana Lutea Golden Yellow 60

Gesneriana Spathulata Brilliant scarlet with dark blue center

Golden Crown Bright yellow with red border

Inglescombe Pink ( Salmon Queen) Soft salmon-rose.

I nglescombe Scarlet Brilliant scarlet

Inglescombe Yellow The favorite yellow 60

Isabella (Shandon Bells) Carmine-rose with cream shading ....

John Ruskin Most beautiful Cottage. Apricot, rose and mauve
Picotee ( Maiden’s Blush) Creamy-white, margined soft red. . .

The Fawn Pale rosy fawn

5 bulbs of each of these 12 varieties ( 60 bulbs) $ 3 00

10 bulbs of each of these 12 varieties ( 120 bulbs) 5 SO

25 bulbs ot each of these 12 varieties (300 bulbs) 11 00

Twelve Favorite Daffodils

(Jumbo Bulbs Only)

Doz. IOO

Albo - Pleno - Odorato ( Double )

Pure white flowers $ .60 $4.00

Conspicuous ( Barri ) Large pale yel-
low perianth; deep yellow cup with'

scarlet edge ' 75 5.00

Emperor Deep primrose perianth,
with rich golden trumpet; a favor-
ite Daffodil 1.00 7.00

Empress White perianth, with

yellow trumpet 1.00 7.00

Golden Spur Golden yellow Daf-
fodil. The best " 1.00 7.00

Jonquilla ( Single ) Golden yellow

single. Very sweet-scented 50 3.50

Lucifer Large sulphur-white; cup

chrome-yellow .75 5.00

Mme. deGraaf Pure white peri-
anth, primrose-white trumpet 1.00 7.00

Ornatus ( Poeticus ) Snow-white peri-
anth, scarlet eye 70 4.00

Sir Watkin Immense all-yellow

flower 1.00 7.00

Von Sion The finest double Daffo-
dil; golden yellow 1.00 7.00

Vi bite Lady White perianth; pale
canary-yellow cup 80 6.00

5 bulbs of each of these varieties ( 60 bulbs) $ 4 00

10 bulbs ot each of these 14 varieties ( 140 bulbs) 8 00

25 bulbs of each of these 14 varieties ( 300 bulbs) 17 CO

ICO bulbs of each of these 14 varieties (1400 bulbs) 66 CO

Our Guarantee We guarantee all of

our bulbs, roots and
plants to grow and to be true to name. We will
replace any bulb, root or plant, prepaid, if found
otherwise.

See page advertisement in May Garden
Magazine

Send for Our Fall Catalogue

Van Bourgondien Bros.

Specialty Bulb Growers

Babylon Long Island

NURSERIES: Babylon, L. I., New York,
and Hillegom, Holland

THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, N. Y.