eS fat asia ce tats reratssies rine rstotoetsteae z SSE SESE SES SSS Srenene penetra sesrerasare senate oesretereee a sepa orem geet rane Tavowerereuerenarerenete rat ere eee at edt setter tet cect eg 50 SSeS SESE SETS . Seseiseens te pepessriestetee - * sree taser etee 33 Sstshoteteer eerie SSS SG Sette oer ee eee ears RR BS ERT Spake auasss SEESESESISE, a: Eaaatitel tester potaeeenrs yajaner? i Sar sia a y i , i al A Hh . i Hi 4 s _ cabetete hth as ae i i nf i + te 4 Sys jeueanatatl*” i fi a ye ‘4 “hy a ' i Saves Se SES Bescttri sopists cp overs satore = Spoon ste seesereeeetetatet taste Ste SS RACS SE SR OTT CEE nl = we 7 ie viet , iu 5 ae ae a ae oe 00 li«CST AE GARDEN MAGAZINE Devoted to Planting and Managing the Grounds About the Home. and to the Cultivation of Fruits, Vegetables and Flowers Volume XXXV March to August, 1922 GARDEN CITY NEW YORK DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 1922 Achimenes May Be Had, 327 - Acidity of Soils, Measuring 184" Adams, H. S., article by, 130 ~ Alderson, Lilian C. articles, by, 358* Alpines of Our Own Sierras, 196.. Alsop, G. E., articleshy,-200 Among Our Gardén:- Neighbors, ag. 128, 195, 267, 323; 380” Anemones i in Puget Sound, 197. - Ants, How to= Get Rid of, 338 Annuals for Screéns:and Shade, 204* for Shady’ Nook, 207 Aphis inthe Orchard; 332 on Currants and Gooseberries, Con- trol for, 180 “. Applegate, Amelia B., article by, 324 Apples, Early Pruning and Later ‘Eraining, 306 for, the Home Garden, 306* Planting Time for, and Ages, 306 Site and Soil for, 306 Troubles that Threaten, 308 What Varieties to Plant, 308 Apropos “Shore Line Gardens of Pacific,” 130 Arny, A. C., article and photographs by, 254* Ash Tree, Autograph of an, 313* At Flora’s Feet, 186* Atlas Portland Cement Co., by, 200 Auten, Benjamin C., article by, 201* Avenue A. Gardens, 50*, 130, 190%, 271, 330, 384 Avocado, Growing the, 326* article Balsam, Why We Grow, 46 Barber, Chas. F., article by, 107 Barberry for along the Sea-wall, 310* Barlow, Jessie C., article by, 197 Barron, Leonard, photograph by, 26%, 297", article by, 186* Baxter, Samuel Newman, article and photographs by, 296* Bayne, Charles J., article by, 46 Beetle, After the Rose, 268 Before It’s Too Late! 130 Benton, C. H., article by, 47 Berry, S. Stillman, article by, 130, 261* 382 Bicknell, Mrs. Warren, garden of, 310" Bill, J. Anthony, photographs by, 173* 174" 175" Birches Outlining the Woodland Path, 234" Bird-bath Well Placed in the Garden, 5 Blackberries for the Home Garden, 105* Blanchard, W. C., article by, 268 Blenner, Carl, Cover Design Bouquet of Flowers by, April article by, 107 Bloom in the Carolinas, Sowing for Fall, 129 Blueberries in Your own Garden, 83 Bogies of Preparation, 195 Bolles, Charlton Burgess, article by, 170* Books of Note, Newer Garden, 110, 395 Border, Continuous Bloom on Her- baceous, 19 Double, 167*, 349% Volume: XKKV—March to August 1922 “ Copytighted, 1922, by DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. “= An asterisk (*) signifies that the article is illustrated Flower, 252* All-season, 294* Novelty, 197 Shrubbery, ror* Four-Season Effect, in the Shrub- bery, 40* Borers, Control for Currant, 180 Botsford, Amelia H., article by, 40, 107 Box Hedge, 108* Boxes, Making Your Own Porch, 326* Boyer, Michael K., article by, 123 Breeze Hill, Walks and Talks at, 37* Brigham, Mrs. E. A., article by, 326* Brown, M. D., article by, 384 Brydon, Robert T., photographs sup- plied by, 32* 33* Bulbs, Forcing, 367 Mulching the, 82 Required Depth and Distances, 78 Rock Garden, 79 Summer Garden’ s Gayest, 373% Winter, Forcing, 367 Burton, Kate B., article by, 309* Cabbage, Secret of Growing Wong Bok, 129, 117* C. A. G., article by, 48 Calendar, a Topsy-turvy, 47 Campanula isophylla, True, 324 Campbell, John Collins, article and illustrations by, 98* article by, 44* Cane Blight, Check for, 180 Carter, Hattie W., article by, 3190 Chamberlain, John W., article by, 130, 325 Chamberlain, Montague, article and photograph by, 111* article by, 373° Chapman, Fannie M., article by, 247 Chase, Adele N., article by, 382 Cherry, Grafting the Wild, 178 Chrysanthemums, Day of flowered, 127* or Huckleberries, If You Are Grow ing, 381 - Outdoors, Growing exhibition, 48 Large-flowered, 129 Clove Pink May be Had, 327 Small- ‘Clubs in Council, Garden, 246 In the Doldrums But Heading Out, 318 The South Speaks Constructively, 319 Progress? 246 Starting a Garden Study, 129 Summer Activities in Garden, 247 Coburn, photograph by, 188* Color Combinations of Flowers, 36* “Come True” in Concrete, 200, in Winter Garden, 37* Landscape, Planting for, 297* Colt,. Morgan, Iron Garden Furniture Designed and Decorated by, 303* Colton, Arthur W., article by, 24%, 120° Colton, Arthur W. and Amy Richards, article by, 301* ““Comfort Me With Apples,” 306* Concrete, Making Colors Come True in, 200 Cone, Albert B., article by, 325, 328 Conquering the Restricted Area, 172* XN Converting Waste Places to Beauty, 173 Coralluma, a Desert Plant, 249* Corn for Ourselves, Saving the, 324 Cornus florida rubra, 165* Coutant, Harry, photograph by, 171* Cover Design, March: Daffodils, by Harry Richardson; . April: Bouquet of Flowers, Carle J. Blenner; May: en Quite Contrary,” Ann Raymond July: Climbing Nasturtiums, John Paul Verrees; August: Summer Reflections, Frank Hazen Covers, Ground, 130 Crawford, G. E., article by, 129 Crop Facts for Ready Reference, 256 Cultivator, Porcupine, 47* Cunningham, Ellen P., article by, 246 Currants, Control for, Borers, 180 in the Homé Garden, 179 Pruning and Training for Fruit, 179 Site, Soil, and Growing Conditions for, 179 Troubles, Control for, 180 When Ready to Gather, 180 Worm, Control for, 180 Currie, William, article by, 48 Curtis, Mrs. George W., garden of, 293" Cut Flowers, What to Grow for, 294* Cycads, Two Historic Century-old, 206* Cycas revoluta, 296* Cypripedium reginae, r91* Daffodils, March Cover* Dahlias Delight, Why, 170* Dahlia History, Some Mere, 382 Need Acclimating? Do, 328 Red Cross, Origin of, 203 Tower of Strength for the, 382 What’s Wrong with the, 325 Damage by Ice in Illinois, 200* Darling, Charles, photograph by, 97* David, Charles D., article and drawing by, 312” Davidson, Rachael, D., 269, 270 Dean, Ruth, photograph furnished by 120* article and plan by, 181* DeCou, Branson M., photograph by, 234* De Forest, Henry W., garden of, 108* De Graff, Marie I., article by, 382 Dell, Beatrice, plan by, 358* Delphinium Blacks, Driving Away, 270) - nudicale, Anent, 48 Dendrograph Measuring Growth of Trees, 315* Dewberries for the Home Garden, TO5* Doan, John L., article by, 27*, 105%, 179, 264%, 272, 306%, 356 Door-bell of Iron, 364* Downs, Mrs. J. A., Garden of, 4 * article by, Dreyer, G., article and photograph by, 200* “INDEX TO THE-GARDEN MAGAZINE Driscoll, Louise, poem by, 322” Drury, F. E., garden of, 310* Dwight, A., article by, 204 Eaton, Florence Taft, article and drawing by, 96* Eberman, Charles W., article by, 197 Echinocactus, Barrel Cactus, 250* Eckworth, Fred C., article by, 204 Edminster, Allen W., article by, 119* Egan, W. C., article by, 29* Egbert, C. R. S., article by, 326 Eisele, J. D., article by, 382 Eldredge, Arthur G., photographs by, 14°, 30", 01", TOL) 105 5 tO 7m EgBee Elliott, Rhea F., article by, 204 Embury II, “Aymar, photographs fur- nished by, 120* Eucalyptus, How Hardy is the, 382 Evans, Mrs. M., article by, 1¢9 Evergreens and Bulbs in Northwest Washington, 326 for the Northern Great Tlains, Three Reliable, 194* Facts for Ready Reference, Flanting, 123 Fairchild, David, photograph svfpplied by, 3177 Fall Bloom in the Carclinas, Sewing ~ for, 129 Farrar, Mrs. Thomas, J., article by, 270 Fenton, A. S., article by, 384 Fernie, Mrs. David, article and photo- graph by, 269* Ficus repens in Florica, 370° Florida, Gardening in Fragrant, 370* Flower Arrangement, 35* Japanese, 189*, 352* Painting, 107 Show, National, 1&&* New York. 186* . Flowering Shrubbery Border, 1to1* Flowers, All-season Eorcder, 294* Color Combinations of, 36* Cut for Every Day, 34* Cutting Garden for, 32* What to Grow for Cut, 294* Destroying Wild, 267 Holiday, Househeld, 366 in Indiana, Fleurishing, 2co Under Glass, Winter, 351 Winter, Forcing, 366 Fly, After the Green, 268 Foreman, A. W., article by, 222 Forge, W. Irving, photograpls sup- plied by, 364* Foundation Planting, oo* Evergreens for, ror Deciduous Plants for, 102 Shrubs for, 103 Fountain as a Focus Point, 349* in the Garden, 309* Fowler, Clarence, article by, 43 Fraser, Inez, article by, 47 Fraxinus arizonica, 313* Fruit, Area for Small, 324 Bearing Ages of, 324 ees Area and Freferences for, Cured at the Right Stage. 323 Pruning and Training Small, 106 Site and Soil for, 323 Table of Approximate Yields of, 324 Tree, 323 Trees in Blossom, 93* Fryer, Willis E., article by, 238 Fuchsias in California, 47 Furness, F. R., article by, 204 Furniture, Attractive Garden, 199* of Iron, Garden, 303* Garden, Appreciation from the Grower of A Century-old, 325 Avenue A, 50%, 130, 170%, 271, 330, 384 Books of Note, 110, 305 Bulbs for the Rock, 79 Clubs in Council, 318 Come Into My, 197* Formal, 253* From Gully to Sunken, 173* Furniture of Modern Craftsman- ship, 303* Heart of My, 203* House, 108* Built for a, 24*, 120 Japanese, 245* Lantern of Iron, 364* Natives, Neighborly New Zealand, 2609* One Year in a Little, 356* Pictorial History of III, 113*; IV, 257" Reference Shelf, 384 Rock, List of Plants for, 43 Proper Place for, 302* Stones to Use for, 302 Seashore, 252*, 368* ~ Shows, 248 Solving the Intricate Problem of the Small, 181* Study Club, Starting, 129 Summer Meetings, 247 Under a Chicago Sky, Japanese, 245 Wild, 33* Woodland Wild, 32* Gardening, in Fragrant Florida, 370* in the Restricted Area, 172* Rock, 42* Topnotch, 128 Gardens, Avenue A., 50%, 330", 334 Cleveland, Diversified, 3009* Gateway of Decorative Ironwork, 305 Gaul, Lawson, article by, 239* Gersdorif, Charles E. F., article by, * 376% Gibson, Henry, article by, 375* Gillies, John W., photograph by, r21*, 122", 132", 1837 Girls and Boys vs. Weeds, 271 Gladiolus Activities, All Around the Season’s, 373* Color Selections for the Connois- seur In, 377* Colvillei, 375* Cut Bloom, 378* Daybreak 379* Decorative Value in the Home of, 378* Garden, Our First, 200 Getting Acquainted with the Best, 376" in the Greenhouse, 375* Marshal Foch, 111* Our Garden of, 176* Plant, in June, 238 Popular Leaders in, 376* Primulinus Hybrid, 379* Spoken and Written Word, 380 Topnotch, 111* Gooseberries in the Home Garden, 179 Pruning and Training for Fruit, 179 Site, Soil and Growing Conditions for, 179 Troubles, Control for, 180 When Ready to Gather, 180 Gra‘t, Now Anyone Can, 124* Grafting of Two Oaks, Natural, 202* Wild Cherry, 178 Grapes, Area for, 324 130, 271, INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Cover Crops to Keep Up Fertility of, 264 Minimizing Insects and Diseases of, 206 Productive, Making, 264* Pruning and Training, 264 Supporting the Vines, 264 Yields, Endurance and Variety of, 266 Ground Covers, 130 Gully to Sunken Garden, From, 173* Hamblin, Stephen, F., article by, 48, 130, 268 Hamilton, Frank, photograph by, 10 eee Maynard N., article and photographs by, 194* Hatfield, T. D., articles by, 328 Hazen, Frank, Cover Design, August Healy, Harry G., photographs by, 99* 368* 369* Hedge of Box, 108* Heliotrope Royal Highness, 49* Henderson, Amy, article by, 325 Herbert, Mrs. P. S., article by, 197 Hewitt, Mattie E., photographs by, EB B5%) HE, USC, 2a5 4 out 293", 307"; 349%, 365* H. I., article by, 200 Higgins, George, article by, 130 Hilderbrand, photograph by, 311* Hill, Amelia L., article by, r91* Hinckley, Julian, article by, 318, 327 History of the Garden, Pictorial, III, mgs IW, 2577" Hollyhocks as a Standby in the Hardy Garden, 293* Horne, Murray, article by, 325 Hotbed Working to Capacity, 17 House Built for a Garden, 24*, 120* Howard, R. F., article by, 202, 204, 327 Hubbard, S. C., article by, 320* Hubbell, Lucy Embury, article by, 395 Huckleberries, If You are Growing, 381 Hudson, Leslie, article by, 40* Ice Damage in Illinois, 200* Identities and Whereabouts, Some, 327 Tlex opaca, a Thirty-foot, 327* Invitation-Poem, 260* Iris, Appraising the Newer, 329 Borer, Pursuing, 269 Combinations for Color Effect, 238 Division of, 254* Earliest to Bloom, 239 “Fair Maid of February,” 381 Foliage That Holds Its Color, 384 for Particular Purposes, 360* from March to Mid-July, 239* Growing Way of Bearded, 254* How Deep Planting Injures, 255* in a New Zealand Garden, 2609* Japanese, 241* Mediterranean, 261* Position of Rhizome of, 254* Raising, from Seed, 238 Selections by Color, 243 Siberian, 242* Summer Bloom, 240 Tall Bearded Group, 240 that Thrive in California, Two, 381 Tronwork, Decorative, 301* 1. The Origin of Ironwork, 301* II. In the Garden and Elsewhere, 363° Jewell, Cora, article by, 46 Johnston, M., article by, 200 Kalmia latifolia, 39* Keasbey, Misses, Garden of, 348* Keast, E. R., article by, 328 Keeler, Lucy Elliot, article photographs by, 42* Keen, Charles Barton, photographs supplied by, 24* and Kift, Jane Leslie, article by, 26 Kline, Jr. Wm. N., photographs by, Agi, HIG” Knoblock, photograph by, 311* Knoch, A. A., article by, 129 Kruhm, Adolph, article by, 30 article and photographs by, 116* photograph by, 47*, 127* Kutchin, Harriet L., article by, 269 “Ladies in Their Summer Frocks”, Poem, 322* Ladybug, The Beneficent, 270 Landscaping the Home Garden, Six Rules for Don’ts in, 181* Lane, Bernard H., article by, 49 Lanneau, He Ce article by, 129, Lantern in the Garden, 364* Lapham, J. H., Garden of, 349* Larkspur Disease, Studying, 325 La Roche, Karl, photograph by, 359* Lath- house, the California, 3107 Lawn, Seeding and Upkeep, 44* That Will Last, Making, 44* Leaf Spot on Currants and Goose- berries, Control for, 180 Leaves, The Magic of Fallen, 328 Lettuces for the Season’s Salad Supply, 116* Levick, Edwin, photograph by, 20* 186%, 187%, 189" Lewis, ‘Anna oe article by, 325 Lilac, the Charm of the, 166* Lilies for the Cold Northwest, 325 Lilium candidum in Profusion, 3:8* in Saskatchewan, 130 Lime, “‘Sweet”’, 1097 Lincoln, E. H., photographs by, 13*, AS", WH 2S Long, J. M., article by, 270 Lorenz, Annie, article by, 325 MacDougal, D. T., article and pho- tographs by, 249*, 313” Manchester, H. H., article and illus- trations by, 113*, 257* Marsh, Rose Blair, article and pho- tographs bys 176* Mather, W. G., garden of, 311* McCausland, Arthur, article by, 381 McCutcheon, Alice, garden of, 350* McFarland, Th Horace, article by, air” Bie McFarland Co., J. Horace, Photo- graphs by, 19*, 37%, 38%, 191%, 193°, 199", 3477, 348" : McKinney, Ella Porter, article by, 381 Measuring the Growth of Trees, 315 Medlar, Finding the, 382 “Mess” was Meant, But a, 200 Metropolitan Museum of A tt, pho- tographs supplied by, 301*, 302%, * 304* Mice and Moles, Circumventing Ground, 197 Miere, Marie, article by, 196 Mildew on Currants and Goose- berries, Control for, 180 Mole, How Deep Does one Go? 49 Moles, Circumventing, 197 Sins and Virtues of the, 312 Month’s Reminder, 16, 94, 168, 236, 294, 350 Morris, Emma L., article by, 46 Morris, Hilda, poem, by, 96* Morrison, B. Y., article by, 238 *>Mums or Huckleberries, are Growing, 381 My New Venture: Flower Painting, 107 Narcissus, March Cover* Naturalistic Planting, 15* Natives, A Little Corner In, 96* Neilson, S. Mitchell, poem by, 260* Noble, Anne, Cover Design, Old- fashioned Girl, May Northend, Mary H., photograph by, Oni 252) 1 205. If You Norton, Clifford, , Photographs DYyargere 33”, 239", 309° Nosegay, passing of the, 380 Number, A “ Readers’ Own”, 129 Nye, Harriet L., article and photo- graph by, 268* Ohde, Eva D., article by, 204 Olcott’s Garden, Chauncey, 25* One Year Im a Little Garden, 358* Open Column, 46*, 129, 196*, 268*, 324%, 381° Opuntia santa rita, 251* Orchard Facts for Ready Reference, 308 Our Thanks to Friends in Deed, 383 Pacific, Shore Line Gardens of the, 130 Paeonia Moutan, 235* Painting Flowers, 107 Paradichlorobenzene for Peach Borer, 83 Passing of the Nosegay, 380 Path, Brick Garden, 203* Charming Garden, 182* Peaches, A Promise of Perfect, 356 Borer, Checking the, 83 Paradichlorobenzene for, 83 Pruning, 356 Pear, Growing the Allizator, 326* Peony, Tree, 235* Perennials, Good and Bad Points of Some Yellow, 49 in Abundance, Midsummer, 48 Petrie, David C., article by, 384 Phlox in the July Gar« len, 292* Phoenix canariensis, 371* Picea alba for the Northern Plains, OA pungens, for the Northern Plains, 194 Pickman, Mrs. Dudley L., garden of, Bom Pinke? Where are fashioned, 202 Pinus ponderosa, for the Northern Plains, 194* Planting the Corner, 99* Facts for Ready Reference, 31, 123 for Color in the Landscape, 297* Plants of the Desert, 219* Found at the Seaside, Our Old- Mountain, 327 Grow Well Indoors?, What, 48, That Endure Sixty Below, 268* Platycodon and Mignonette as a Color Effect, 326 Pleas, Peonies that Please, 46 Plums, Protecting the, 85 Pool as a Garden Background, 347° in Pleasing Setting, 92* Lily, for Little Garden, 243* Poplar, Lombardy, Where It Grows Best, 383* Populus nigra italica in Avenue Plant- ing, 383* Portland Cement Co., Atlas, article by, (2008) Prentiss’s, F. F., Garden of, 3'2*, 241* Preparation, Bozies of, oe Prier, Arthur, article by, 3 Pruning, Handy Helps ee 34 Pseudotsuga taxifolia, 38* Quarantine Again, Plant, 195 Barriers of, 323 - Hearing, Plant, 128 Iron Fetters of, 46, 204 Questioning the, 328 Quercus virginiana, 371 Rabbit and His Idiosyncrasies, More of the, 381 Rain Where Rain’s Wanted, Artificial, 325 Rake, Praise of the, 270 Raspberries and Why, Which, 84 Blackberries and Dewberries for the Home Garden, 105* — Red, Need Protection in Colorado, 271 Rehmann, Elsa, photograph by, 100* Reminder, The Month’s, 16, 94, 168, 236, 204, 350 Rhododendrons as Marginal Planting to Pool, 233* Rhubarb, Forcing with Barrels, 47* Patch, Our Remunerative, 202* Robertson-Cole Co., photograph by, 201* . Robinson, William, Garden of, 207" Rock Garden, Bulbs for the, 79 Proper Place for, 302* Roorbach, Eloise, article and pho- tographs by, 316* Rose Beetle and Green Fly, After the Pestiferous, 268 i Bloom, Right Way to Cut, 320* Crusader, 20* Garden, 22* Grower, Non-Orthodox, The, 270 Tf You Want the Christmas, 382 Max Graf, New Trailing, 29* Ophelia, 19* Society, American, article by, 23 Souvenir de Claudius Pernet, 189* Roses, 13* and Wisteria, Cultivating, 384 Blooms We Enjoy in the Fall of, 23 Climbing, 21 Christmas, 200 Date of Planting Out, 22 for the Hedgerow?, 324 Learning What they like, 21* New, 18* of 1920-1921, 23, Rules for Don’ts in Landscaping the Home Garden, 181* Rutledge, Archibald, article by, 178, 197, 263 * 15"; Sahuaro Carnegia, 250* Salad Days in Wisconsin, Summer, 269 Sampson, Mrs. Wm. T., article by, 107 Sargent, C. S., garden of, 167* Charles S., photograph supplied by, 383* INDEX TO THE GARDEN MAGAZINE Scale on Currants and Gooseberries, To Control, 180 Schieren, Mrs. G. Arthur, Garden of, 120* Screens of Ironwork, 304* Seashore Garden, 368* Seat in the Garden, The Well-placed, 201 Severance, Mrs. John R., Garden of 309 Seybel, D. E., Garden of, 307* Seymour, E. L. D., article by, 118*, TOA, BAe) Shade, Flowering Plants for, 119* Foliage Plants that Do Well In, 256 What Can Grow In, r19* Shading, What it Does, 332 Shady Nook, Annals for, 297 Shafor, W. A., article by, 49 Sharpe, Helen M., article and photo- graph by, 203* Sheppard, Cora J., article and photo- . graph by, 202* Sherwin, John, Garden of 311* Show, National Flower (New York), 186*, 188* Shrubbery Border for Four-season Effect, Planting, 40* Shrubs, Spring Flowering, 167* Simkins, Velma T., drawing by, 16*, 44*, 96%, 260%, 204* Singer, Wm. H., article and photo- graph by, 326* Smith, Edwin F., article by, 325 Smith, Gertrude H., article by, 120, 326, 381 Smith, Mrs. Wilson G., article by, 381 Soil Betterment, 315 How Acid is an Acid, 184* Spencer, J. B., article and photo- graphs by, 243* Spencer, Mrs. Vivian, Garden of, 368* Spray Calendar for the Grapes, 266 for the Busy Gardener, 3-in-1, 118" Spring in a Long Island Garden, r09* Stanton, Carl, article and plans by, 34 Stapleton, Leila B., article by, 381 Star-of-Bethlehem, True and False, 324 Steps in the Garden, Flagstone, 33* ‘Stiles, E. C., article and illustrations by, 99%, 172* Stockton, Anita, Shovaeraale by, 49* Stoddard, Charles o. ., article and- photograph by, 47* Stout, A. B., article and photographs by, 177% article by, 202* Strawberries, Choice of Variety, 29 Cultivation of, 28, Tools for, 28 Feeding for Future, 27 for the Home Garden, 27* Insects and Diseases that Threaten, 20 ' Planting Next Month, 300 Preparing Rows and Setting Plants of, 27 System of Training, 27 Sturtevant, R. S., article by, 329 photograph by, 239* R. S., article and photographs by, 360* Sub Rosa, editorial, 323 Successes, Some Last Year’s, 130 Sugars—Plants of the Desert—Spines, . 249" Sun-dial, Setting Up Your Own, 381 Sunshine, Tempering the, 316* Supply, Solving the Season’s, 116* Sweet Mary, on the Trail of, 324 Sweet-peas Can Be Transplanted, 47, 197 from a Stepladder in Alaska, Pick- ing, 268 Tanner, W. A., article by, 204 Teaching Poor Kiddies to Garden, 190 Teague, Mrs. I. L., article by, 327 Teahouse in the Garden, 310* Theel, Raymond, Cover Rhododendrons, June “There Are Ghosts of Gardens”, 96* Thompson, Paul, photenrayy by, 330° BOOS Mrs. Walter E., article by, Design: 204 Tomato Plants from Early Ones, Get- ting Late, 263 Tool, Porcupine Cultivator, 47* Torrey, Ruth L., article by, 384 Totty, Charles H., article by, 127* Tracy, Kathryn Bea article and pho- tographs by, 378% Trees, Dendrograph Growth of, 315* Truax, A. L., article by, iy 325 Tulips Break?, Why Do, 2o1* Come Blind?, Will Your, 177* Tying the House to the —— Van *Bourgondien Bros., or by, 203 Meeasurilig Vegetables, How Much and - 230 Seed Ordering Simplified, 232 Varieties That Really Serve, 231 When, How, and Where to Plant for Quality, 30 Verrees, John Paul, cover design, July Walk, Flagstone, 349* Stepping-stone, 368* Walks and Talks at Breeze Hill, VI, - 37 4 Wall, Brick Garden, 203* Flowers in a Crannied, 42* © Garden, as a Background, 347* Wangner, Ellen D., article by, 306 Ward, Mrs. Aaron, Garden of, 235* Weather-vane of Tron, 364* Webb, Warfield, article by, 173* Well Canopy of Hammered Tron, 364* - Wenzel, Henry, article by, 129 Werts, Robert R., article by, 200 Weston, T. A., article by, 48, 197, 270, 325 When To Do What You Want To Do, noo as 204, 350 Wherry, Edgar T., article by, 184 White, E. A., article and photographs by, 352% 5 Wilcox, Emily, article and photo- graphs by, 370* Wild Flowers, Growing, r91* Winthrop, Edgerton, Garden of, 22* Wisteria and Peony in Combination, 235 in Profusion, 14* Roses, Cultivating with, 384 Woodman, A. M., article by, 48, 382 Yucca aloifolia in Florida, 371* See ee 5 ‘i R I N G P L A N TI N G ore: Vol. XXXV, No. 1 March, 1922 Doubleday, Page & Company, - Garden (ity, New York Boston Los -Ang Chic The Rose Sensation of 1922= The Golden Yellow you have waited for When we first saw this masterpiece, in France, two years ago, we knew instantly and instinctively that here was a Rose destined to make history. Growing, blooming and exhibiting it ourselves the past year has but confirmed our expectations, enhanced our respect for this truly golden garden treasure. Souvenir de Claudius Pernet is the best yellow garden rose so far introduced. In 1920 it was awarded the gold medal in the Interna- tional Contest, as the best seedling of the year, in world wide competition. We predict that it will re- place entirely such present popular favorites as Sun- burst and Mrs. Ward, being entirely devoid of their pe- culiar orange yellow shade. Tine jollainte 1S a Sirmiraly grower; the foliage is of at- tractive, lustrous, glossy green; the flowers are borne freely, are well-shaped and their color is their crowning glory. Our stock 1s limited this year, so we advise prompt orders to avoid dis- appointment. Please do not ask us to include or substitute Souvenir de Claudius Pernet in connec- tion with special offer along- side. We cannot afford, this year, to sell it except as follows: Sturdy plants from 4 in. pots, ready for delivery about May 15th. $2.50 each, $25.00 per dozen. A catalogue describing thelatest worth-while creations in Roses, Chrysanthemums, Car- nations, Heliotropes, and other plants for your garden will gladly be mailed on re- quest. Please mention Gar- den Magazine when writing. Chas.H. Totty Co. Madison New Jersey White ANGELUS a newcomer without a flaw, bound to supersede all other whites. Of strongest blooming power, with perfect buds and flowers, attractive at all stages. Strong 2-year-old plants of Angelus, $2.50 each, $25.00 per dozen. Five Other Winners All Our Own Introductions - “~. és 1G Are Sure O Vive WORKING THE HOTBED TO CAPACITY - - - - - - 17 NEW ROSES FOR THE GARDEN - Charles E. F. Gersdorf 18 Photographs by J. H. McFarland Co. and Edwin Levick OR many years we have followed a consistent LEARNING WHAT ROSES LIKE - J. Horace McFarland 21 li Ft | ntin our Ever reens at fre uent Photograph by Mattie Edwards Hewitt policy or transplanting g q NEW IROSES @8 (WANN «= s = 6556555 -5 B intervals. This periodic pruning of the root systems forces a vigorous, compact growth close to the trunks. These oft-transplanted trees readily adapt themselves to new soils. Their growth is scarcely checked by moving. THE HOUSE THAT WAS BUILT FOR A GARDEN Arthur W. Colton 24 Photographs supplied by Chas. Barton Keen and E. H. Ruscoe STRAWBERRIES FOR THE HOME GARDEN John S. Doan 27 Photograph by E. H. Lincoln THE NEW TRAILING ROSE MAX GRAF - W. C. Egan 29 Photograph supplied by H. A. Dreer, Inc. WHEN, HOW, AND WHERE TO PLANT FOR QUALITY No planting, small or large, is complete without Evergreens ; cra ee VEGETABLES - - - - - Adolph Krubm 30 that give a note of color to winter landscapes, break the PLANTING EACIS TOR READY IREKoRENC mania force of bitter gales and effectively screen unsightly objects. THE GARDENS AT GLENALLEN - . . - - - . 2 29 Rosedale offers a wide range of 77 varieties, in many sizes, Photographs by Clifford Norton : : V/ Sera from the pigmy Tom Thumb Arborvitae to the stately CUT ST eae eRe DAY Carl Stanton 34 Photograph by Mattie Edwards Hewitt WALKS AND TALKS AT BREEZE HILL—VI J. Horace McFarland 37 Photographs by J. Horace McFarland Co. and Arthur G. Eldredge PLANTING THE SHRUBBERY BORDER FOR FOUR- SEASON EFFECT - - - - - = = Leslie Hudson 40 Photograph by Mary H. Northend FLOWERS IN A CRANNIED WALL - Lucy Elliot Keeler 42 Photographs by the author DEPENDABLE PLANTS FOR THE NEW ROCK GAR- DEN - - - - - = = = = = = Clarence Fowler 43 MAKING A LAWN THAT WILL LAST John Collins Campbell 44 Douglas Fir. “All the trees arrived in perfect condition, and they are certainly splen- did specimens.” —Harry Harkness Flagler, Dutchess Co., N. Y. Meet Us at the Flower Show Look for the Rosedale exhibit when you visit the Ninth International Flower Show, Grand Central Palace, March 13-19, and convince yourself of the superiority of Rosedale Products. Other Rosedale Specialties Drawing by Velma T. Simkins AMONG OUR GARDEN NEIGHBORS - - - - - - - 45 , THE ‘OPEN (COLUMNEsen eee) nna, May be found in our helpful, Y Photographs by G. O. Stoddard, A. E. Stockton and - i others illustrated Booklets, one to be Wh AVENUE 4 GARDENS =e issued in August and one now ready, describing Deciduous Trees and Shrubs, Roses, Fruits and Perennials, both in ordinary sizes and large sizes for immediate effect, all listed in accordance with LEONARD Barron, Editor VOLUME XXXvV, No. 1 Subscription $3.00 a Year; for Canada, $3.35; Foreign, $3.65 COPYRIGHT, 1922, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY GARDEN CITY, N. Y. Our Motto: Prices as Low . ae Cuicaco: Peoples Gas Bldg. Boston: Tremont Bldg. as Consistent with Rosedale Roses Bloom Los ANGELEs: Van Nuys Bldg. New York: 120 W. 32nd St. Highest Quality. the First Summer F, N. DOUBLEDAY, President ARTHUR W. PAGE, RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY, e NELSON DOUBLEDAY, Secretary Vice-Presidents S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer Ro Se d a l e Nu rse r | e S JOHN J. HESSIAN, Asst. Treasurer Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, Cutfitters for Home Grounds under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 Box A Tarrytown, N. Y. Tn EEN The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 3 Nee TTT — = = = = = = = —- = “eT The choicest offering of sturdy rose plants of the newly perfected and standard varieties ever presented to American rose lovers, selected at random from scores of highest quality rose plants, as listed in MY GARDEN FAVORITES for 1922. IRRESISTIBLE ROSES Extra Strong Two-Year-Old, Field-Grown Plants (Must not be confused with ordinary rose stock) Mrs. John Cook; unqualifiedly recommended by us. Grant blooms of ivory-white, slightly flushed with pink during the cool weather. A vigorous grower and entirely free from mildew and other faults. Each $2.50; dozen $25.00 Crusader;—A 1921: introduction of unusual size, beautiful form and enduring fragrance, capable of withstanding the most severe climatic conditions. Rich velvety crimson blooms, growing on long stems from heavy rugged plants. Each $2.50; dozen $25.00 Exclusive GARDEN MAGAZINE offer, both for $4.00 Twelve of the Best Known Standard Varieties Detailed Descriptions Will Be Found in MY GARDEN FAVORITES for 1922 Ophelia ;—Ideal for garden culture and cutting. Salmon- . pink blooms on long, stiff stems, flowering continuously (WINAVI oe ae aod Hee sae oe eee Each $1.00 General McArthur;—A dazzling red bloom of exquisite fragrance. The peer of all the red roses ....Each $1.00 Radiance;—A superior bedding rose of vigorous growth, with a profusion of blooms of carmine-salmon, painting from yellow at base of petals............... Each $1.00 Lady Alice Stanley;—A free blooming favorite of healthy growth, with vivid glowing pink flowers..... Each $1.00 Willowmere;—A magnificent branching variety, with large very full terra-cotta pink blooms on iene stout SUING sisted Wacweaoe rae oo erento eon ae eee Each $1.00 Kaiserin Aug. Victoria;—For years the premier among Etoile de France;—A dear old friend, exquisite in form, size and color. Soft velvety crimson with centre of EVAL UGE TI SCI oe ee teare eee are, cients oe Nic oh snoomnnene eae Each $1.00 Mrs. A. R. Wardell;—A free blooming, colorful variety. Coppery red with amber shades............ Each $1.00 My Maryland;—A distinctive American rose of clear bright salmon-pink. A splendid bloomer, particularly inthe hounweather. sashes) sees: Each $1.00 Lady Ursula;—A stately quality rose, very large and full flesh-pink blooms, deliciously tea-perfumed..Each $1.00 Mrs. Aaron Ward;—A yellow rose of proven merit. Deep Indian-yellow flowers with delicate white shadings. Wnexcelledttomcuttingye ess] eee oe ee Each $1.00 Caroline Testout;—The best all-round rose for the White Hybrid Tea roses. A superlative bloomer from American garden. Exquisite pink in color and a tire- JemectmtilirOst, 2.3 eB ye eect as Each $1.00 LeSGeDlOMmMeTn wee yee is ina shale Higa sereies Each $1.00 Exclusive GARDEN MAGAZINE Offer: ; Any six of the above or six of any one variety.........................0.5. $5.50 Any twelve of the above or twelve of any one variety Let MY GARDEN FAVORITES, our ‘‘just delightfully different’’ catalogue suggest the best types of vegetable and flower seeds, Gladioli, Dahlias and plants for Six “Best Newer Varieties’ of Flower and Vegetable Seeds selected from “My Garden Favorites” for 1922 Blue Lace Flower, Light Blue, Tomato — ‘‘Pierce Albino,’’ Blooms all summer, Ideal cut The only White Tomato—Ab- HOWE 3 aa pkt. 50c. solutely true........ pkt. 25c. your 1922 garden,—a copy is yours for the asking. Snapdragon “‘Moonlight,’”’ Lettuce ‘‘Little Gem,”’ Heads Golden Apricot and Old Rose. in all seasons—Small and Ten- et ee erste = = Maurice Fuld Inc. Zinnia ‘‘New Victory,’’ Star Cabbage ‘‘Santosai,’’ ite P: oul £. Atkinson, Fresident Shaped with Long, Narrow, Cos Lettuce—Ideal Salad— Plant fsmen ad Seed smen Fluted and Quilled pels When cooked is as delicately = 7 West 45% St. Xen ark = 3.5 abla ob Se eee pkt. 25c. flavored as Endive ..pkt. 25c. EB Amc Ts I Collection of above six ‘‘Best Newer Varieties’’.......... $1.40 = = = = = ill An Ancient Plant For Modern Gardens The dawn of Egyptian civilization is strongly interwoven with the ancient “bullrushes’—the Fountain Cyperus or Egyptian Paper Plant as shown above. From this plant the ancients are said to have gathered the fibre that was turned into Papyrus rolls—among the first written documents in history. While the Cyperus grows most luxuriantly along the banks of streams or in moist places, a moderate water supply will cause it to thrive almost anywhere! This Plant of Pharaoh’s Times Will Grow for You! For several successive seasons it has been a most attractive feature of our trial grounds at Floral Park. The plant shown above grew on the Lawn adjoining the seedhouse. The grace- ful, slender stems grew 8 to 10 feet tall during the season and the plants received no care or watering except what nature gave them. The great heads of delicate, thread-like, green leaves move in the slightest breeze, giving the effect of a playing fountain. There is no more admirable and interesting specimen for the lawn or garden than this old plant which is not common in this country. It is not hardy, but the root may be wintered in a frostproof cellar, along with Dahlias, etc. Planted again in spring it will make a rapid growth, In the South it may be left in the open all winter. We offer a limited stock of strong, young plants that will make a rapid growth this summer. Price, $1.00 each, 6 for $5.00. (Shipped in due season this spring). Childs’ Catalozue—A Mine of Material for Unusual Gardens You will find the New Childs’ Catalogue a regular gateway to greater garden delights. Since the very beginning, this House has persistently scoured all parts of the world for unusual plant material suitable for American gardens. If it’s worth growing and apt to add joy, you’ll surely find it offered in our Catalogue—gladly mailed free on request. Please mention GARDEN MAGAZINE. John Lewis Childs, Inc., Floral Park, N. Y. SST MET NTO TT EEE EA TTT AL EET TTA ATT cc TUL ee ic ‘These surpassingly beautiful and simon-pure American notin The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 ol OOCcCCtrirttttttttittttiittitttitittiivz: A BIT OF NATURE That Smacks of the Wildwood and The Brookside Trail The illustration shows a pathway along the edge of a thicket, with a planting of Native Rhododendrons on either side. What could appear more perfectly natural? Yet, this charming picture is almost entirely artificial— constructed by the Landscape Department of my new Service Organization. The work of this organization of experts includes the making of plans, laying out and superintending plantings, road and path construction, the scientific treatment and care of trees and woodlands and whatever else is necessary in the tasteful and harmonious development of a place, or any part of it, along Naturalistic lines. Rhododendrons, Laurel and Azaleas plants rival the rose in popular esteem. Everybody would like to grow them if they could only feel sure of success. That assurance I am now in a position to give. It is entirely a matter of soil. If you are not certain that your soil is right, I will be glad to hear from you and to refer your letter to my Consulting Natural- ist, who will tell you by return mail just what you should do to make it right. As his advice is in accordance with the findings, after extensive tests, of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, it may be depended upon as sound and reliable. Where large plantings are involved it may mean a saving of hundreds of dollars. Low Prices by the Car Load I can furnish Rhododendrons, Mountain Laurel, Andromeda and other flowering evergreens in car load lots, at extremely low prices, if ordered quickly. Cars may be made up of single varieties, or in any desired mixture. Write me at once if you are interested. Perhaps your neighbor will join you in ordering, if you cannot use an entire car load yourself. My Unusual Catalogue for 1922 is by far the best, most interesting and most helpful issue I have ever published. It describes and gives cultural directions for all the worth while native shrubs, evergreens, wild flowers and ferns. Profusely illus- trated. Write for your copy to-day and be among the first to enjoy it. Also do not fail to let me hear from you, if you wish information regarding native plants, or Naturalistic plantings. Your letter will be promptly referred to the expert best qualified to answer it and he will give you in full detail the information you desire. Edward Gillett, Fern and Flower Farm, Southwick, Mass. 286 Fifth Avenue 1524 Chestnut Street NEW YORK CITY PHILADELPHIA, PA. LA i The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 5 W Plant More GRAPES— The Ideal Fruit for Every Home Garden! Grapes are the season’s finest offering. They bring to you the choicest that nature stores in a fruit. And the best part of it all is that any one having even the smallest piece of ground may have an abundance. A Grape vine’s greatest value lies in its modesty as to space and soil requirements. The finest Grapes are grown on poor, stony soil and they will thrive even along fences, where nothing else will do well. Make up your mind to grow Grapes, more Grapes, and when it comes,to the question of varieties you make no mistake by pinning your faith to The Three Winners of The “Old Glory”? Set Here are three varieties which in attractiveness, quality, hardiness and quickness of growth are unexcelled. What’s more they bear young, generally presenting you with delicious fruit from the second to third year after planting. Their bearing power increases from year to year. Catawba- (red), Niagara (white), and Concord (blue), have pleased generations with their delicious fruits, all of which are borne in medium sized bunches with individual berries of average size, but what they lack in appear- ance they certainly make up in quality. We know more or less all standard varieties of Grapes in cultivation, and we know of no other three which in merit for the home garden will equal this “Old Glory’’ set, named so because of red, white and blue color, the color of Old Glory. SPECIAL OFFER: We will supply 2 strong plants of each of above 3, 6 splendid vines of excellent sorts for $3.00 And Grow Some Big IVES for most delicious Grape Juice Ives Grapes will bring you the biggest bunches of biggest ber- ries you ever saw. Sure to grow, sure to bear, and sure to please every taste, Ives Grapes are bound to win a place in the front ranks among the choicest suitable for home culiure. Pre, This is esteemed as the best grape for making delicious red Grape Juice. Hardy as an oak, reliable under all conditions of soil and climate, while the berries are large, tender and full of rich, sweet juice. Extra sized plants, 3 to 4 years old, $2.00 each; 3 for $5.00; 6 for $9.00; a dozen for $15.00 Complete Catalogue of Finest Fruits and Flowers Yours for the Asking Our Rochester Peach is the earliest bearing sort in cultivation. We offer that wonderful Erskine Park Everbearing Red Raspberry, now recognized as in a class by itself. Besides Honey Sweet Black Raspberry and a full line of the best among nut trees (English Walnut Trees our great specialty), this nursery ~* ~ offers you as fine a stock of ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Plants as is obtain- _/ able anywhere. Let’s get acquainted by writing for catalogue A-2 to-day. cg GLEN BROTHERS, Inc. “388% Rochester, N. Y. Plant a grape vine wherever you can find a space 6 inches square. ESTABLISHED 1866 The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 ll] SAMANTHA WMO MAL MOMMA MMMM MOM LMI UO MMMM OU To those Readers who Bay in Quantity! For three-quarters of a century, the W. &. T. Smith Nurseries have served America in the materializing of better gardens. To make “bet- ter gardens” the planter needs “better kinds” of plants and these this nursery has provided since its start. The efforts of this nursery to grow everything suitable for our climate and to grow it better has won for it a place in the front ranks of the World’s Great Nurseries. Trees, Shrubs, Plants, both Ornamentals and Fruits n Proved V arieties TUTTE We offer one of the widest selections in plants for the home grounds, but only such as have proved their merit to our satisfaction! 'Those that we offer through our catalogue have stood every test to which a plant may be subjected under widely varying conditions of soil and climate. A Quality Product Backed by 75 Years of Striving for the Best Quality in Nursery stock primarily means two things: The plants must grow and bear whatever crop the planter expects. But Geneva Quality means more! It stands for root systems, clean trunks and limbs, inherent constitution, hardiness and utter dependability such as only long experience of skilled men, together with favorable soil and climate, are able to produce. On the basis of being prepared to render you the utmost in service in plants of an ultimate quality, we invite your request for our catalogue! Plan for Cut Flowers— Alexanders Dahliasod HIS summer you will very likely be looking for a bouquet l of a certain color to harmonize with that corner of your dining-room; you will probably want flowers of a particular shape and form to give just that desired artistic effect on your hall table; granting this, wouldn’t you like to step into your own flower garden and select just the color and just the type of flower you are looking for? Then try either or both of these ‘“Sure to Bloom” Collections (TUBERS PREPAID) For $1.00 F. A. Walker, lavender-pink. Decorative. Robert Broomfield, pure white. Show. Libelle, purple. Cactus. Rose-pink Century, pink. Single. Vivian, white and rose. Show. For $2.00 Madonna, white. Decorative W. B. Childs, purple-maroon. Cactus. Mina Burgle, scarlet. Decorative. Maud Adams, pink and white. Show. Zeppelin, lavender. Peony-flowered. Quantity and Quality Service for Landscape Architects We grow large blocks of trees and shrubs particularly adapted for Avenue and Park Plantings. Our methods of repeatedly and periodically transplanting such stock pro- duce a root system that stands as life insurance to the plants. As a result, losses in quantity plantings of such stock are at a minimum and have won for us the loyal support and steady patronage of many leaders in the profession. We gladly quote prices any time, on any quantities. My Catalogue and Cultural Guide is a little book that you will be glad to get and glad to keep. It will be a pleasure to mail you a copy on request. Established 1846 W.&T. Smith Company, Geneva, N.Y. OL LL MV LU MMU MMLC J. K. ALEXANDER, World’s Largest Dahlia Grower PS, 27-29 Central St., East Bridgewater, Mass. “The Dahlia King’’ = SMM The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 7 oat For Year Round Beauty— Hardy Rhododendrons Were you to ask us which shrub we would recommend as most desirable for every home garden or estate grounds, our answer would be Rhododendrons! their broad leaves are attractive the year around. Their flowers are superb, in a wide range of colors. They do equally well in sun or shade and any soil can easily be put in con- dition to cause them to thrive. Here Are Four Beautiful Sorts in Representative Range of Colors From over 30 distinctly beautiful kinds we have selected four that will give you a true idea of the value of these rare new hybrids. The plants we offer come with a liberal setting of flower buds— ready to bloom next May. All four varieties are distinct in both foliage and flowers. Album Elegans. A fine variety for Everestianum. One of the finest the background of plantings. Very tall Rhododendrons. Rosy lilac spotted and grower. Bud a delicate blush opening to fringed; of medium height and fine foli- a pure white bloom. _ Price, 4 ft., $7.50 BRS, : Price, 13 ft., $5.00 Other Cottage Garden Grown Charles Dickens. Glowing scarlet. Lady Armstrong. Pale rose beauti- tag G Considered one of the best reds. An ex- fully spotted. The very best of the pink Broad-Leaved Ever sreens cellent variety for massing where a strong Rhododendrons. . Price, 3 ft., $7.50 color is desired. Price, 23 ft., $5.00 Include: Partial view of our Kalmia and Rhododendron Nursery These plants will be lifted with large clumps of roots, to be burlapped securely. They Andromeda Floribundi, A. Catesbaei and A. Ja- will be packed in a careful manner, guaranteed to arrive in the best of condition. ponica. You will like both, Azalea Amoena and é i Hinodigiri, in conjunction with your Rhododen- SPECIAL OFFER. To acquaint G. M. Readers with these rare, new forms we drons. Then there are various new Japanese will ship one plant of each of above four, handled in fashion as promised, for $20.00 Evergreen Azaleas, besides Kalmias in unusual variety. Learn to look to Cottage Gardens as ae |) Cottage Gardens) Company, Inc. Nurseries Queens, Long Island, New York Please ask for Rhododendron Booklet describing these beautiful varieties The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 ETM MUM MNO NNN UMMM NOMEN MMR OME NUM MUM MTN LINDO MUON MMOL IU MU TU ul! eit SEEDS UR CATALOGUE— Your Garden Year is dedicated to Garden Lovers with the hope that it will be a stepping-stone to the most charming and delightful Gar- den you have ever enjoyed. In order to insure the best possible selection of stock, we sincerely urge you to ORDER NOW For Delivery When Wanted oA ZALEAS carefully placed about the home add an artistic touch of indisputable quality. For brilliant coloring and profusion of bloom no other shrub can rival this splendid type. When in bloom the entire bush is a mass of color, varying from the most delicate tones and colors of one variety to the flaming tints of others. They flourish exception- ally well in semi-shady and moist situations. ARBORESCENS (Wood Honeysuckle.) Its pinkish white flowers appear about July 10th. - CALENDULACEA (Flame-colored Azalea.) Blooms in’ latter part of May. Brilliant orange yellow flowers. MOLLIS (Japanese Azalea.) Dwarf shrub bears an abundance of large, bright red and yellow blossoms. NUDIFLORA (Pinxter Flower.) Bears a profusion of pink blossoms about the middle of May. ’ VASEYI (Carolina Azalea.) Bears a wealth of delicate pink flowers in June. : ; VISCOSA (Small White Azalea.) Bears in latter June, pure white, exceedingly fragrant flower. TUT It will always be our highest aim to supply the very best grade of Vegetable and Flower Seeds obtainable. Send for Your Garden Year to-day—amailed free. HMMA A The following prices have been made specially low to induce you to order now for delivery when wanted. Besides, your ordering now will reserve our chotcest Specimens. Edward ‘I? Bromfield Seed Co. GARDEN CITY ~ NEW YORK FAO MMMM MMMM CCUM = TTT MUNA MMMM SPECIAL PRICES 12 to 18 inches high - - - = = $1.75 each For 6—(1 of each variety) - - 9.00 18 to 24 inches high - - - - = 2.25 each For 6—(1 of each variety) - - 12.00 LOWERING CRAB APPLES, the most gor- geous of all flowering trees, greatly enhance the inviting charm and beauty of the grounds. Being of relatively low growth they are excellently suited for individual as well as group planting. Even when young they blossom early in May, with flowers ranging in color from the deepest rose to the most delicate pinks and pure white. Some varieties bear tiny red and yellow fruits in the Fall. PYRUS FLORIBUNDA. Rose-red single flowers, pro- duced in great abundance and very showy. Fruit small, bright red in Autumn. PYRUS IOENSIS (Bechtel’s Flowering Crab.) Medium size tree covered in early Spring with large double, fra- grant flowers of a delicate pink. Blooms when quite young. PYRUS PARKMANI (Parkman’s Flowering Crab.) Bears in May an abundance of rosy-pink flowers, in bunches, on long stems. Shining green leaves. A lovely little tree at all times, especially so when in bloom. PYRUS SPECTABILIS, Fl. Pl. Beautiful pink and white flowers, sweet scented—double of good size. PYRUS SCHEIDECKERI. A double-flowered form of the above. Exceedingly attractive. And, just as with the Azaleas above, we have arranged the following special prices to offer a more inducing incentive to order now, for delivery when wanted. SPECIAL PRICES 3to4feethigh - - - - = = = $1.25 each For 10—(2 of each variety) - 11.00 4to5feethigh - - - = = = - 1.50 each For 10—(2 of each variety) - 13.50 Send for our catalogue __ Ff Ce RUTH VAN FLEET If any Dahlia is worth-while, it’s Ruth Van Fleet. Grace- ful in form, of pleasing yellow, with long, stiff stems. Field-grown tubers $3.00 each 4 bulbs $10.00 ‘12 bulbs $25.00 Any of my customers will gladly testify to the superior merits of Stillman creations. Please ask for my complete catalogue—gladly mailed free! GEORGE L. STILLMAN DAHLIA SPECIALIST WESTERLY Box C-22 RHODE ISLAND MMM MMMM TOMO UNO MCU ae eee ETET_iiitnninis. “Successful for oVer a century” AMERICAN NURSERIES _ HEHOLDEN, Manager, Singer Building NEW YORK The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 Dahlias from the famous Pri- vate Collection of Supreme Court Justice Josiah Marean. Gladioli selected from the finest varieties produced by the best American and Euro- pean Hybridizers. Lilies in varieties that are easiest of cultivation and are the most beautiful. Miscellaneous bulbs of Merit All for Spring Planting. Described in our new cata- logue, which will be sent gratis upon request of those who want the finer things. “ Fudge Marean” JOHN SCHEEPERS inc 522 Bifth Ave. New York Ciby B Are You a Real “Dirt Gardener?’ Some gardeners grow flowers—for pleasure; others grow vegetables—for profit. But there is one group of home gardeners that make gardens for the sheer joy of coming in contact with the soil—these we think of as honest-to-goodness “dirt gardeners.” If you enjoy a fine, level garden, in perfect state of cultivation, with the paths as neat as the beds and weeds noticeable by their absence— Then You’ll Appreciate GILSON GARDEN TOOLS First, The Gilson Weeder, the original two-edged Rocker or Scuffle Hoe that is as safe and effective in the hands of boys and girls as those of grown-ups. As shown alongside, the reverse side of it becomes an efficient rake with which to do extra smoothing of the soil. Made in three sizes for different types of gardens. The Liberty Cultivator, as shown below as a Wheelhoe, embodies the most scientifi- cally shaped cultivator teeth to date. They sink into the soil without downward pressure, cut off weeds besides up-rooting them. Adjustable to different widths, in three sizes, with five, seven and nine teeth respectively. The complete Gilson Line also offers Scratch Weeders, and Dande- lion Diggers, in short, a practical tool for practically every purpose of cultivation. Will you try them on our “‘Say-So?”’ So great is our confidence in the ability of Gilson Tools to do even better than you expect that we are willing to do our part to popularize them in even greater measure. If your dealer does not carry the Gilson Line, please write us and we shall be glad to supply. The Liberty Wheel Cultivator, No 1, as shown alongside, : é $3.70 The Liberty Seven Tooth Hand Cultivator . Fi ; . 5 1.40 The Five inch Gilson Weeder Blade, as shown to left above - The Eight inch Gilson Weeder Blade, which, combined with wheel frame alongside will give you the Gilson Weeder Wheel Outfit. . ; 1.10 One Scratch Weeder and One Dandelion Digger . fs 1.25 Total F : a ‘ é 6 $8.40 SPECIAL OFFER :—We will send prepaid, any of the tools (items two, three and four, minus handles costing little at any hardware store) at prices quoted. The Wheel Cultivator to be sent by Express at your ex- pense. Theentire assortment, a most valuable addi- tion to any garden, for $8.00, to be delivered prepaid anywhere East of the Rockies. Helpful Booklet FREE—To make Gilson Garden Tools most valuable we have issued “Bigger Crops Through Cultivation,” a modest booklet giving useful facts about correct tillage for different crops and the best tools with which to score best results. Ask for it. J. E. GILSON COMPANY 100 VALLEY ST., PORT WASHINGTON, WIS. 10 The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 iin il Wayside Gardens Largest Growers of PERENNIALS in America We grow not only the largest number of Hardy Plants, but likewise the greatest assortment of both the popular favorites and newer kinds of exceptional merit. Among our particularly noteworthy special- ties we class new Delphiniums, Buddleias, and Dwarf Bleeding Heart. Lilies, too, are available in extraordinary quantities. Ours is, perhaps, the finest stock of Lilium Regale in the country. Do You Know This Secret ? O you know how to avoid the usual disappointment of a poor Pea crop after mid-July? It’s easy to get big crops of luscious juicy peas “falling right over one another,” in steady succession even up to late August—1if you learn this secret: Instead of planting at 2-or-3 week intervals, get the following picked varieties and plant all at once in early Spring, the moment the ground can be worked. This will allow a good root system to develop before hot weather comes. ‘The varieties will bear in the order shown below (and pictured above), beginning about June 2oth and keeping up a steady succession of big mouth-watering crops until late August. 1. Schling’s Pedigree Extra-Early ,; 4. Dwarf Champion Please afford our freely illustrated, des- criptive catalogue a chance to tell you more about what we offer. MENTOR OHIO RN 2 % feet. The earliest Pea grown; 2 % feet. An enormous cropper. Oe rT TTT MMMM MTT MCT MMU TT OU large, well-filled pods. Broad pods, very sweet Peas. 2. Gradus, or Prosperity . 5. Improved Telephone 3 feet. An early fine wrinkled 5 feet. Enormous pods, filled with Pea of delicious flavor. Peas of the finest quality. 3. Sutton’s Excelsior 7 6. Heroine 14 feet. The most productive of 4 feet. Pods are large, deep green, dwarf medium-early wrinkled Peas. somewhat _curved; tender Peas of Very sweet. finest quality. ¥ lb. each of all 6 varieties, Cherry Hill Quality When you buy Peonies of the Ss x l 3 Ibs. in all SecoeCr icici) $1.75 Delivered FREE c . Aa within miles 0, 1 i ae 1 Ib. Son GaN Seee See, one N.Y bevonh ata famous Cherry Hill Strain you . . «at lostage. 1 Eee im a seo) get the achievements of over Give yourself a real treat!—Never mind how small your garden is—you have plenty of room for peas. Send in your order to-day! The Flower Novelties of 1922! You must have them in your garden! 1. Schling’s Wonderful New half a century in perfecting this Queen of Flowers. We grow, also, a full line of 7. New Lilliput Poppy.—Only 12 Snapdragon “Indian Summer.”’— A lovely rich, velvety copper color, in- describably beautiful. Pkt. $1.00. 2. The Wonderful Blue Lace Flower.—Finely laced flowers of an ex- quisite light blue shade. Pkt. soc. 3. New Bedding Petunia Violet Queen.—A real _ deep violet blue. Blooms as freely as Rosy Morn. Pkt. 5oc. 4. New Bedding Petunia Purple Queen.—Exquisite rich clear purple overlaid with a velvety sheen. Pkt. soc, _ 5. Adonis Aleppica.—16 to 18 in. high. From 16 to 20 main stems with fine dark blood-red flowers. Pkt. soc. 6. New Giant Dahlia-Zinnia.— A true giant in size. Pkt. soc. in. high, constantly in bloom. A lovely daybreak pink. Pkt. soc. 8. New Miniature Dahlia Peter Pan.—Flowers Anemone-shaped with tubular center. All the pastel shades. Pkt. 75c. 9. New Sunflower Dazzler.— Flowers 4 in. across, of a rich chestnut, tipped orange with dark center. Pkt. 35c. 10. Dianthus Laciniatus Purpu- reus FI. Pl.—A purple garnet, inclined toaclaret. Beautifully fringed. Pkt. soc. 11, Cynoglossum Heavenly Blue. —Brilliant blue forget-me-not flowers from May until frost. Pkt. soc. 12. New Giant Zinnia, Apricot. —Charming new color in Giant Double Zinnias. Pkt. 25c. Above novelties sold separately at the prices $5 00 named, or the entire collection of twelve at ° , 7 Our “Book for Garden Lovers’? (25¢ a copy) FREE with every order. mm il = T. C. THURLOW’S SONS, INC. WEST NEWBURY, MASS. MMMM MM LT mice Ornamental Evergreens, Rho- dodendrons, Azaleas, Shade Trees and Deciduous Shrubs. Hardy Phlox, Japanese and German Iris, Hardy Garden Perennials Quality is our watchword. (Cherry Hill Nurseries) Catalogue rll NNN The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 11 Roses—Rhododendrons— Peonies, Phlox, or Poppies, it matters little just what kinds of flowers your garden holds or will bring forth during the next three months—there is one ferocious insect that is lying in wait for your garden treasures—the ROSE BUG. For centuries this in- sect has thrived on the garden’s best, until the discov- ery of MELROSINE came to save the flower crops. Rose Bugs oo [ oN Aphis, striped or spotted beetles, spiders, a oe \ thrips, sawbugs, and all kinds of plantlice 4 ete \ succumb to the destructive force of ee ene \ MELROSINE. Even the most difficult ewe . \ of the plantlouse species, the black aphis, oo. oo See feasting especially on Spirea, Chrysanthemums, oS. oe oe and other shrubs and perennials, is destroyed by EF) a o ° * : Z ? i ene a. Fe ° i Z b) 7 a : Zz ot ore sa) oe oy Hehins ; Z b> om i {o) of RADE ay i B a 408? 4X oN rake Zz ° $3 0 x 46 3 Z 0 ‘> ie i ee 3S oe 00) ) ey 4 MELROSINE— contact Insecticide FATAL TO EVERY BUG IT TOUCHES One of the country’s foremost Rosarians, Editor of The Rose Manual and a frequent contributor to G. M. columns, Mr. J. Horace McFarland, tested Melrosine upon our request and was kind enough to put his conviction into words, as shown above. Go To Your Dealer For Your Supply Most leading Seed and Nursery Establishments carry MELROSINE. Some offer it in their catalogues, while others sell it over the store counters. Please ask for it or if your dealer cannot supply you, afford us the opportunity to do so. G. M. March-22 Garden Chemical Company eve Park Avenue & 146th Street, New York, N. Y. [_] Please mail special leaflet, describing What Melrosine will do. L] Tenclose 60 cents for which please mail sample of ; Melrosine, sufficient to make one gallon. My favorite garden supply store is MELROSINE is obtainable in the following packages, at prices quoted: Gallon, $6.00; Half-Gallon, $3.25; Quart, $1.75; Pint, $1.00. These prices for East of Rockies, with transportation at customer’s expense. Coupon alongside is provided for your convenience. We shall be delighted to meet G.M. readers at the Melrosine Booth, International Flower Show, Grand Central Palace, March 13 to 19. Please Mail This Coupon (& Should No Dealer Live Near You! THE GARDEN CHEMICAL COMPANY NEW YORK CitTy, N.Y. Re elon elas) tohv ol olelolelelisisityltalelivlivii=l(e isis! /s)tallel sis) ells) (e)\e)/e/isiicl\clfe/lel\s\ s/f) 'e).s)is\is;alistie s/s) eis) s) s/s) «) piielelere 12 From Gardens Behind The Sun Floating above green rolling lawns or edging the hem of the woodlands, clouds of Dogwood, pink and white, seem to have drifted down to earth from gardens behind the sun. No flowering tree so charms the eye or appeals more to the imagi- nation. Dogwood and Spring are refreshing mem- ories that dwell deep in the eyes of all who have ever beheld the large white petals, often diffused with pink, when glowing life and color return once more to the world. For Your Own Lawn It is a simple matter for you to have Flowering Dogwood, red (Cornus Florida Rubra) or white (Cornus Florida), floating and blooming across your lawn. By landscape planters they are con- sidered the most picturesque and practical of flowering shrubs. Send Your Order Now to the Elliott Nursery, one of the oldest, most responsible, and respected houses of its kind in the country, andyou will be sure ‘of receiving the finest Dogwood specimens to be obtained. Full instructions regarding the planting and tending of the shrubs accompany every shipment. Thirty years of experience stand as a pledge of satisfaction. Price, White Dogwood, $1.50 each. Pink Dogwood, $2.50 each. The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 Flowering Dogwood White (Cornus Florida) and Red (Cornus Florida Rubra). Generally considered by expert gardeners and other flower lovers to be among the best shrubs for landscape planting. Useful as single specimens, in massing, or in combination with other shrubs. Will grow in full sun or in partial shade. Hardy over practically all the United States. Trees 3 to 4 feet high. Leaves bright green, turning to brilliant scarlet in fall. Flowers white and pink. Indispensable for lawn or landscape. Ghe bright red berries which appear in Sep- tember and last until late in the winter enhance the beauty of these picturesque trees and at- tract various species of birds. Our Catalogue Our free catalogue is really a fascinating textbook on the culti- vation of hardy plants, flowers, evergreens, and other shrubs. If you will mail as the coupon we will send you the book at once. ELLIOTT NURSERY CO. 905 Magee Bidg. _‘ Pittsburgh, Pa. dd dodo dodo dodo do dow. de. dodo’. 2 Lo dododof ELLIOTT NURSERY CO., 505 Magee Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. Kindly send me your free catalogue of popular favorites, trees, shrubs, and hardy plants. Vol. XXXV, No. 1 The Garden “NOR HOLD NONE OTHER FLOWER IN SIC DAINTY AS THE FRESH ROSE OF COLOUR RED AND WHITE; * * * * * * * * * * * * SO FULL OF VIRTUE, PLEAUSANCE, AND DELIGHT,” William Dunbar, A. D. 1503 MAGAZINE March, 1922 E. H. Lincoln, Photo. No flower has been so sung or has gathered about it such a wealth of tradition and sentiment as the Rose, a favorite of Shakespeare, of lesser bards, and of gar- deners everywhere, it continues to delight, appearing ever in new and lovelier guise. (See pages 18-21 of this issue, ‘New Roses for the Garden.”’) 14 “O GIVE ME MY LOWLY THATCHED COTTAGE AGAIN; * * * * * * * * * * * * BE IT EVER SO HUMBLE, THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE HOME;” John Howard Payne The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 4 s ca A.G. Eldredge., Photo. This unostentatious little dwelling with Wisteria its chief glory, sheltered the writer of “Home, Sweet Home” and has been in a manner immortalized, for the simple ballad has become part of our national memory though few of us remember its author who while serving as American Consul at Tunis, died there in 1852, far from this cottage of his which still stands at Easthampton, Long Island The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 “AND DOWN THE VALLEY, WITH LITTLE CLUCKS AND TRILLS, THE DANCING WATERS DANCED BY DANCING DAFFODILS.” Jobn Masefield 15 Such friendly informality immediately captivates the visitor to “‘Gravetye,”’ the Sussex home of that dean of gardeners and warm advocate of planting in nature’s manner, William Robinson, whose precept and practice have led us to freer and finer forms of landscaping WHEN TO DO WHAT YOUR wth Che Month's Reminder MARCH—BEGINNING IN EARNEST OUTDOORS Fez ST Os Cas te L eS a ZS earlier. four hundred feet of altitude. 4y OW we begin to put into practice plans made during the win- ter’s lull and to resume actual out-of-door activities. Best complete any neglected details of your schedule at once so as to throw yourself wholeheartedly into its successful execution. In June the gardener reaps the rich rewards of forethought in all sorts of delectables for his table and secretly, or, indeed, sometimes very openly, congratulates himself on his wisdom in keeping well ahead of the game! General This is positively the last call for dormant spraying and for pruning. It is of little use to spray and spray again the fruit trees, if near-by ornamental shrubs infested with scale are left untreated. Be -thorough. Prune the late flowering shrubs but leave alone the early flowering ones until just after they have bloomed; which in a single sentence gives the governing principle for all ornamental flowering shrubs. Early bloomers flower on the wood made last year, late bloomers bear the flowers on new wood of this season. At this time of the year bulb stock requires 20-25 days from the time of being brought indoors until flowers open. Double Tulips take a little longer. Figure your supply accordingly. Seeds to Sow in Heat Sow Primulas for flowering next fall and winter (P. malacoides and its varieties are best sown in June.) Sow Heliotrope and Centaurea gymnocarpa in a temperature of 50° for bedding out in May. Sow Schizanthus retusus. Transplant to flats, later pot and grow on in a cool temperature, rich soil, and good drainage. Pinch off the flower buds until required to bloom. Sow Clarkias and grow on to flower in six-inch pots. No pinching is necessary. Pick off dead blossoms and they will continue to bloom well through the summer. Sow Hunnemannia fumarizfolia in paper pots for summer flowering. Annual Gypsophila can be used in conjunction with almost any other flower for table decorations during the summer months. Make a sowing now in the hotbed for June flowering, again three weeks hence, and so on through the summer to keep up a succession. Procure Lilium speciosum for summer blooming now, pot into five-or six-inch pots, and grow cool; useful for brightening the show house or conservatory. Plants from Cuttings Pot up early rooted Chrysanthemums. after the roots are an inch long. Continue propagation of Chrysanthemums and bedding stock, as cuttings are available. Complete propagation of Carnations as soon as possible, now that the days are getting brighter, which makes rooting more difficult— make the most of every opportunity to get a “crack of fresh air’ on the ventilators. Warm weather brings swarms of thrips. Look out for them, spray and fumigate. Pot on bedding stock propagated from cuttings last fall and space out on the benches as they show signs of crowding. Alternantheras may still be rooted in sand. Divide up plants wintered over in flats; put out in a gentle hotbed, where they will make fine plants for setting out at the end of May. Don’t leave them in the sand Herein are listed the seasonal activities for the complete garden. Details of how to do each item may be found in the current or the back issues of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE—it is manifestly impossible to make each number of the magazine a complete manual of practice. References to back numbers may be looked up in the index to each completed volume (sent gratis on request); the Service Department will also be glad to cite references to any special topic if asked by mail and to send personal replies to specific ques- tions; a stamped, addressed envelope being enclosed. When referring to the time for out-door work of any sort New York City (latitude 40) at sea level in a normal season is taken as standard; but at best dates can only be approximate. Roughly, the season advances northward fifteen miles a day. Thus Albany, which is one hundred and fifty miles from New York, would be about ten days later, and Philadelphia, which is ninety miles southwest, about a week Also allow four days for each degree of latitude, for each five degrees of longitude, and for each (Copyright, 1922, Doubleday, Page &5 Co.) 16 Root cuttings of Alyssum saxatile. Divide up old plants of Erfordii, Luminosa, and Chatelaine Begonias; repot the pieces, or cut back, and take cuttings from the new basal growths. Make cuttings from stock plants of Hydrangeas saved for this purpose; or from the basal growths of those being forced into flower at this time. Take cuttings of Marguerites and Heliotrope. Vegetables on Hand and to Come As weather conditions permit uncover the Asparagus and Rhubarb. Sprinkle salt on the Asparagus bed, also nitrate of soda, using about 13 lbs. per square rod. Encourage Rhubarb into growth by placing barrels over the crowns, and banking round the barrels with hot manure. Dig all Parsnips, and Oyster plants that have been in the ground all winter, and store in a cold cellar. Whenever possible dig the vegetable patch, and endeavor to get a little deeper than ever before, to break up the hard pan which cuts off the water supply during the growing season. As soon as the soil is dry enough to plant without sticking to the tools, plant all of the most hardy vegetables, without regard to the fluctuations of the thermometer. Plant thick and shallow at this time. Lettuce and Cauliflower pricked-off into frames to mature will be ready for the table some time ahead of outdoor plants. Sow Beans (String) in a frame where they will mature. Berry Bushes Last year’s wood of Gooseberries will yield the best fruit; therefore cut out all superfluous shoots, and trim the points only of those that remain. Keep the main shoots six inches apart, and the middle of the bush open. This will let light and air into the plants, and greatly facilitate picking the fruit. Red Currants may be “spurred-back”’ to a couple of buds; with a few shoots left longer for extension, if needed. Merely cut away exhausted branches of Black Currants and encourage basal growths to take their place. Spur back side shoots that are too numerous. : Get at Raspberries and Blackberries that were not thinned out and headed back after fruiting last fall. Frames The big job is to make up the main batch of hotbeds. Details of procedure appeared in last Month’s Reminder. Air on all favorable occasions frames that have been in use during the winter carrying over plants; protection is still necessary on very cold nights. Transplant such plants as were started ast month. Make sowings of Peppers, Eggplants, Tomatoes, Cucumbers, and Melons. Sow Annuals as required, such as: Annual Larkspurs, Snapdragon, Drummond Phlox, Pentstemon, Sweet-peas, and Verbenas. These require cool treatment when once they have started; avoid extremes. - Continue to repair the coldframes, glaze the sash and have ready for pricking-off the young plants as needed. Deep frames with a northern exposure with 2-3 ft. of head room are useful for keeping bulbs in after the flowers have opened. Lay newspapers over the sash above Tulips on bright days. The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 ‘Set out in the hotbed small plants of Pansies, Myosotis, Phlox, Hardy Poppies, Shasta Daisies, etc., from seeds sown in January. Under Glass [Full advantage of these directions is only possible with a greenhouse, but so far as opportunity allows they also apply to hotbeds.] The important job is to “prick-off” the seedlings that are large enough to handle. Use plenty of leaf mold and sand. Cover the sur- face of the soil in the flats with a layer of sand; then prick-off the little plants. This carries away the water from around the stems, and to a great extent prevents “damping-off.” Give shade until re-established, then exposure to full light, and sunshine to ensure sturdy, stocky plants. Sow Sweet-peas in small pots for planting outdoors next month. Pansies and Forget-me-nots brought in from frames will flower by the holidays in a temperature of 50°. Keep the Rambler Roses growing in a temperature of 60°. direct draughts of cold air, or mildew will result. Give Lilies subject to high temperature plenty of water, and feed oc- casionally with liquid manure. Stake the plants. Stake up the Snapdragons, and remove side shoots. The side growths make good cuttings. Put them into the propagating bench. . Start fancy-leaved Caladiums for decorative purposes in sandy soil with gentle bottom heat. Look over vines, such as Ivies, Vincas, etc., saved from the window boxes and baskets last fall; repot if needed. Thunbergia is a useful climbing plant. Sow the seeds now. Also seeds of the Castor-bean. ; Repot Dracena indivisa that are pot bound; or top-dress. Early flowering indoor Sweet-peas should have a rich top-dressing of well decayed manure. Acid phosphate and sulphate of ammonia, an ounce to a gallon of water, is a good stimulant, but should be used with care. A heavy mulching of old cow manure wiil greatly benefit the Roses planted out in the benches at this time. Don’t use fresh horse manure; it will burn. Place a covering of loam over the bare roots before using the manure. Look after the young Roses, use care in watering; and keep them free from black spot. Bank the fire early on sunny days. Spireas will be showing color in the flower spikes at this time. Space them well apart so that the foliage may develop evenly, and to prevent it damping off as it very readily does when crowded. Water copiously, but have the foliage dry before night. Place saucers under the pots, and keep these filled with water. Avoid ed robaréss 1] > Ti [4 ecorndnrs|_| 5 *#——— CAPROTS '——— LET TOUCH §—— LETTUCE 1. Planting plan forone 2. Where twosash are available the space can sash only. be used as shown here. 17 Start at intervals small batches of Godfrey Calla, Gloxinias, and the little blue Achimenes, for summer flowering. Gardenias may still be rooted provided one has plenty of bottom heat. They require a closed propagating case to root well. Pot when rooted, and carry along in pots until they are transferred to the benches where they are to flower. Use light porous soil, with plenty of leaf mold in it. Poinsettias through flowering may be laid on their sides under a bench free from drip, and dried off. Start tuberous Begonias in gentle heat, potted or in flats. Peaches and Nectarines will be in bloom this month. Encourage fertilization by the admission of fresh air and sunshine on every favorable occasion. Tie in the young shoots of early started vines as required. Maintain a free buoyant atmosphere. Accommodate Primulas, Cinerarias, Cyclamen, and similar flowering plants now in bloom, with a light position on the north side of a cool house. Give more air as the days become warmer to Bay-trees, Oleanders, specimen Hydrangeas, and similar plants now in storage. As soon as occasion offers place outdoors, give a thorough hosing; retub, or top-dress as required. Lawn Shrubbery and Border Clean up the shrubberies, stacking the leaves in a large pile to rot. They will be useful next August for mulching. Burn all other rubbish in a smother fire, and use the ashes for fertilizer. Loosen the ground among the shrubs with a spading fork. Attend to the climbers round the dwelling, tying up any growths that have fallen out of place during the winter. Order any other plants of this class that may be needed. Late in the month remove the wind screen, and other temporary protection afforded choice shrubs and evergreens; likewise from Roses, bulbs, and flower beds. Prune and tie in all Rambler Roses, but . leave Tea Roses until all danger of hard frosts is past—better to wait until the eyes begin to swell. Air freely Pansies, English Daisies, and Myosotis wintered in frames; plant out into flowering quarters as soon as conditions warrant. As the crowns of the plants show through the ground, do any needed alterations and replanting in the herbaceous border. Plant deciduous shrubs, and trees. Trim grass edges as soon as conditions permit. Apply fertilizer to the lawns, top-dress bad spots, and reseed. Cut a few sprays of Forsythia, and Pussy Willow; place in a green- house, or warm dwelling for very early blossoming. | am TPUCE —— an LET PUCE LETTUCE |-—— SNAP DRAGON SNWAPDRAGON ZINNIA ZINMA COCKS COTTB COCKSCOMB TIARIGOLD PANSY PANSY ONION SETS ONION SETS CARROTS CARROTS 3. With four sash (or more) the home gardener is well equipped to raise early crops; start tender stuff for transplanting and flower seeds as well. NEW ROSES FOR) 7 hie ami CHARLES E. F. iGERSDOMaS Varieties that Have Made Good—-Seventy-odd New Comers which Measure Up to the Highest Standards of Plant Vigor, Floriferousness, and Quality of Bloom Epitor’s Note :—The accompanying notes are offered as a selective guide to the gardeners who want only the best all-round varieties; others omitted may excel in some one quality but are not evenly balanced—such varieties are for the connoisseur and the collector. What Mr. Gersdorff says is in no way mere haphazard conclusions. A close student of Roses, in his own garden and in the ‘Rose Test Garden of the Dept. of Agriculture at Washington, he has made careful, systematic, and constant notes on the performance of varieties from the garden viewpoint. To such work he brings a mind trained in scientific analysis, and the ‘ “survivals” as given in this article survive because they outpoint others (not named for lack of space) on all three essentials of plant vigor, with quality, and quantity of bloom. BX~S IT worth while to plant new Roses considering the # number of older favorites still available, and that during the last ten years more than five hundred new varieties NZ have been introduced? Of these newcomers about two fnnelsed have been tried out in this country, and most of them were found wanting in something and failed to survive more than two or three seasons. Would not this tend to prove that growing new Roses is pretty much of a gamble? But were it not for the gambling instinct inherent in most of us, few, if any, of the new Roses would ever have a trial, yet some of them are in every way worthy to grace our gardens. Each succeeding year a few stand out as preéminently suited to our peculiar growing conditions, for it is really a lack of vigor with a conse- quent tendency to bloom poorly that accounts for so many novelties dropping out of existence. It was in this way— through the elimination of undesirables—that the list of old, tried and true varieties accumulated, and progress is always. being made. Why do the new Roses often fail to come up to standard for us as they do for their originators? Is it because the breeders of to-day are less scientific and less careful in the work of breed- ing than their predecessors? No, the fault lies elsewhere, and failures may be definitely attributed to two causes: First: most of the novelties come from Europe, and Roses bred for the conditions over there and which are winners where the climate is peculiarly suited to their successful culture are likely to respond differently here. Second: most of the varieties originated in America have been developed by growers who are striving toward the definite goal of ideal Roses for greenhouse culture. Now, when greenhouse beauties are tried in the garden the chances of success are much greater than when good garden varieties are taken into the greenhouse; and though the number of American Roses tried out for the garden have been few, the percentage proving successful is high. Our hybridizers are awakening to the fact that the future of the Rose in America is not alone in the greenhouse, but quite as much in the garden; for witness, look at the increasing number of true garden Roses introduced during the last few seasons and making good. | A Rose of proven merit is not necessarily successful in all -tegions. Growing conditions vary and, naturally, plants are influenced favorably or otherwise. However, | herewith set down my views on such of the newer Roses as have come under my observation and which appeal to me as significantly mark- ing progress. The garden Rose which has attained the greatest prominence of late years is the Hybrid-tea, and with few excep- tions the kinds now described are of that class. Yellow Roses. These are my favorites; perhaps because good yel- lows are scarce. Grange Colombe (H. T.), from France, by Guillot in 1912, is a Rose of much promise for the garden. It is a creamy white with a salmon yellow and fawn centre, clear colors, lasting well; loosely built blooms very freely produced. The |plant is of vigorous erect growth. Among other beauties from France | like Mrs. Chas. Lutaud (H. T.), one of Pernet-Ducher’s creations of 1913. It is a large /flower, tinted with carmine in the bud, but opening’to a medium shade of clear, dull yellow; a vigorous grower. Another Pernet-Ducher beauty of 18 1913 which has proven its worth as a bedding Rose, producing large, full, cup-shaped clear yellow blooms, is Mrs. T. Hillas (H. T.). In 1915, also, Parnet-Ducher gave us a gorgeous addition to the yellow group in Mme. Collette Martinet (H. T.), beautiful both in bud and open bloom, a rich golden yellow changing to old gold shaded with orange yellow, attractively set off by its bronzy green foliage. | Elli Hartmann (H. T.), from Welter, Germany, 1913, is a rich old gold in shade. It is distinct and fine, of medium to large size, giving an average amount of bloom which is very durable; in growth is vigor- ous and bushy. Tipperary, an Irish Hybrid-tea from McGredy & Son, 1916, introduced here by Chas. H. Totty, gives clear, light yellow blooms of medium size. It is a fine bloomer and strong grower. In Golden Emblem, (H. T.) from the same source in 1918, through H. A. Dreer, Inc., we have a yellow of much promise for garden and bed- ding purposes. It is a very fine, constant-blooming Rose, having beau- tifully formed, large double flowers, fragrant and of a deep, rich golden yellow. Its foliage is a glossy green. One of the latest, an English Hybrid-tea of B. R. Cant & Sons, 1921 (C. H. Totty, American intro- ducer), which shows promise for our gardens is Golden Ophelia. In color it is a deep rich yellow, like:Lady Hillingdon (1911, also intro- duced by Totty) at its best and its growthis similar. Blooms are freely and generously produced. It is not, however, an Ophelia type. Good Whites are scarce; there are, indeed, but few of outstanding quality. British Queen (H. T.) McGredy & Son, 1912, is pure white, except in the bud stage when it is tinted pale flesh, with large and finely formed blooms of fine fragrance; quite floriferous and of very vigorous . growth. A real American is Mrs. John Cook (1920), from the original Hybrid-tea Rose “‘factory”’ of this country, the Baltimore, Md., estab- lishment of John Cook. It is a real giant amongst garden Roses; flowers of great substance, glistening clear white, sometimes slightly tinted pink on the outer petals; has many outstanding qualities. Pale to Light Pinks. Selections of merit in this group include Mme. Jules Bouche by Croibier & Sons, 1911; Panama by John Cook, 1913; Lucien Chaure by Soupert & Notting, Luxembourg, 1914; Amalie de Greiff by Peter Lambert, Germany, 1914; Mme. Marcel Delanney by Leenders, 1916; and Rosalind by F. R. Pierson, 1918. Mme. Jules Bouche has lived up to its early promises. It is a white- shaded light pink, the shadings being variable; colors are clear, form is good, blooms medium sized and freely produced; growth is tall. Panama is a good steady bloomer; growth bushy; blooms are not very full, a light pink with distinct silky finish. Lucien Chaure showed distinct promise when introduced and has made a record as one of the best; large finely formed blossoms, in color a blend of creamy pink and flesh, are very freely given. Amalie de Greiff is a fine grower and free bloomer giving delicately colored flowers of satiny finish, rose tinted white, long and shapely and borne on strong stems. Mme. Marcel Delanney is of distinct coloring, a soft pale rose-pink shaded hydrangea pink, the flowers being large, full, and fragrant, fine of form on good stems. The vigorous plants are very free blooming. Rosalind is a sport of Ophelia, carrying with it all the good qualities of its parent, differing only in color which is a light, clear shade of pink. Inciden- tally, Madame Butterfly (1920) likewise a sport of Ophelia, promises to outclass Rosalind. Deeper Pinks, ranging from Salmon to Deep Rose, are well represented. Killarney Queen (Budlong, 1912) is an American sport of the well known Killarney and has shown itself to be the most reliable sport as to con- stancy of color. It isa free, vigorous grower and bloomer, giving blooms of sparkling cerise pink. Another sport of Killarney (Alex. Dickson & Sons in 1914 and Dreer in America) called Killarney Brilliant, has shown The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 19 H. T. ROSE OPHELIA An English production of 1913 whose inherent qualities make it almost the ideal type for under-glass cultivation in America. Clear salmon pink toned with yellow. Ophelia has already given us a considerable family of high grade varieties of proven merit in- doors and out, leading to the climax of “America” (to be seen at the shows; for dis- tribution in 1923) which is a rich rose-red, wide-expanding bloom of great promise itself to be a reliable garden Rose; it is more free in bloom, and a better grower than its parent, with deeper clear pink blooms. A distinct advance was made in garden Roses when Radiance was sent out in 1912 by John Cook. In color a light silvery pink on the inside of the petals and outside a rosy pink; the blooms are large, cup- shaped, slightly weak in the neck, long stemmed and very freely produced on a plant which is hardy and very vigorous in growth. Its fragrance is strong. It is the standard for “‘best” garden Roses. Frau Margrethe Moller (by Poulson of Germany, 1912) gives dark rose colored blooms which are edged lighter, the color tending to blue on aging. The form is good and growth is fair. It is particularly noted for its blooming qualities. Another from Germany, of distinct merit, is Leonie Lambert (Peter Lambert, 1914) with blooms of a silvery rose and salmon shaded, not very large, but making up in floriferousness; it is a fine bedding Rose. General Superior Arnold Janssen, an extra fine Holland Rose of bedding quality, commonly known as General Janssen (Leenders, 1912) has large, full, deep, finely formed buds and flowers of great substance, very fragrant, carried erect on strong stems, freely produced throughout the season on sturdy bushes; in color, a deep rich carmine. Rose Marie (F. Dorner & Sons Co., 1918) has made its mark as a bedding Rose of merit. Its well formed flowers and buds, clear rose 20 pink in color, are developed freely by strong growing bushes. From E. G. Hill Co., and Chas. H. Totty, in 1918, came Columbia, truly American, sturdy in all its qualities. Actually it was de- veloped for the greenhouse, but quickly it also made its mark in the garden. Vis- ualize a large and finely formed double bloom, in color silvery and rose, freely produced on long canes by a strong, vigorous bush and you have Columbia. A seedling from Mrs. Chas. Russell with all its good qualities, but superior from a garden standpoint, is the Cana- dian Frank W. Dunlop and sent out in 1920 by Chas. H. Totty. Strong and vigorous in growth, it develops long stemmed beauties of a clear, rich rose pink, the keeping qualities of the blooms and color being unsurpassed. Ophelia has given many fine sports, of which another good one is Evelyn (A. N. Pierson Inc., 1918), more double than the parent, and in color more pink, a deep salmon pink shade. Montgomery:of Massachusetts has given us a promising pink Rose in Pilgrim (1920), having finely formed blooms on long stems. Red Roses are plentiful; reds which do not “blue” are scarce. Some new shades have been added to this group. Robin Hood, a soft, bright, rosy scarlet, deepen- ing in cool weather, is a fine bedding Rose sent out in 1912 by John Cook; a very free bloomer and makes a fine bush. Comte G. de Rochemur (Schwartz, 1912) from France, is an extra fine bloomer, medium large in size, in color a fiery scarlet, tinted with vermilion, but “‘blu- ing’ as it ages; fragrant and an aver- “age grower. Intense Dazzling Crimson Reds are all too rare. Yet we find this color in Hoosier Beauty (F. Dorner & Sons Co., 1915) combined with a delightful fra- grance and blooms of fine form. Another dark beauty, very double and finely formed, Francis Scott Key (John Cook, 1913) has shown up as a markedly fine Rose, dark maroon-scarlet of an even shade. Among all the fine Roses sent from Ireland none is of more promise than National Emblem (McGredy & Sons, 1915) dark crimson overlaid with a velvety sheen, and blending lighter toward edges of vermilion. It has fine form and is a fine new color combination. Crimson Champion (John Cook, 1916) is noted for its immunity from disease. Its blooms are well formed and of a glowing crimson color overlaid a darker shade. Two sports of Radiance, both red, but of different tones, and both named Red Radiance, came out in 1916, one by A. N. Pierson. Inc., and the other by Gude Bros. Co., Washington, D. C., have qualified as splendid bedding Roses. They have the size, form, and productive- ness of their parent with an improvement in strength of stem. The Pierson sport, a light carmine-crimson, has been withdrawn by its orig- inators in favor of the Gude form which they consider ‘‘a little better in color than ours’”—a dark carmine-crimson. Mrs. Henry Winnett (John H. Dunlop, 1918) shows much promise, with growth strong and fine. The beautifully formed, freely produced flowers on vigorous stems are bright crimson, a shade darker than in Richmond. Another Montgomery Co. production of 1920, which stands out as of promise for garden decoration, is Crusader (introduced by A. N. Pierson Inc.) a velvety crimson, which with Pilgrim was primarily developed for greenhouse forcing. house and garden. Blends is the term which for convenience I give to new color com- binations that have appeared in our Hybrid-teas in recent years. Some beautiful and fascinating colorings have been obtained and such blooms are truly the aristocrats of the garden. From France have come the following Pernetiana varieties, all by H. T. ROSE CRUSADER A 1920 American production fitted for both green- It is a deep velvety crimson The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 Pernet-Ducher: Mme. Edouard Herriot, or Daily Mail Rose (1913), is a coral red shaded yellow, opening to a rosy coral red with light shadings of salmon, a unique and startling combination, fading with age. It is average in bloom and growth. InMme. Theodore Delacourt (1913) we have a garden Rose of merit, markedly distinctive forits unusual color; its long buds are rosy scarlet and these develop into large fairly double blooms, globular in form and in color a reddish . salmon shaded with yellow. Mme. Ed- mond Rostand (1913) has beautifully and variably blended blossoms of delicate flesh, salmon, and deep yellow, the varia- bility being due to temperature changes. The blooms are quite double and globu- larinform. A gorgeously beautiful rose is Willowmere (1914), particularly in the bud stage. It is free blooming, in color a blending of shrimp pink, yellow, and carmine pink, combined with fine glossy foliage. pes England, Ireland, and America have not been backward in competition with France, in the production of these beau- tiful Blends. ‘Wm. Paul & Son, England, in 1913 gave us the Rose which is to-day the paragonofexcellence, Ophelia. Credit is due to E. G. Hill for the keen percep- tion of the inherent qualities of this Rose and because of which he brought it over. It is a clear light salmon pink toned with yellow on the base of the petals, the yellow developing a deeper tone in cool weather, combined with fine form and free blooming tendencies. Ophelia has had an immense influence on the de- velopment of American Roses. Among other varieties of merit, having Ophelia as a parent, are Angelus, Columbia, Premier, Madam Butterfly, and the phenomenal new Rose America, which, however, will not be ready for broad distribution until 1923. Titania (a China’ Rose, from Paul & Son, 1915) is a wonderful variety for bedding purposes. In color on the order of Mme. Herriot, a little lighter, being coppery crimson, opening to deep salmon with clear yellow base; it is more double and a fine bloomer. Edith Part (McGredy, 1914) is very distinct in its blending of colors; a rich red suffused and shaded deep salmon and apricot yellow, darker in the bud state, sweetly scented and a good bloomer. Large flowers, of good form, fragrant, and freely borne on strong vigorous plants characterize Mrs. Ambrose Riccardo (McGredy, 1914) a blending of flesh pink and deep yellow. Los Angeles (Howard & Smith, 1917) came to us from the city of that name and is an achievement worthy of the highest praise and honor. Beautiful blooms of fine form, and a delightful blending of pink, coral, and gold, combined with a rich fra- grance, grace a plant that is strong in growth. The E. G. Hill Co. in 1918 gave us a sport of Ophelia named Mme. Butterfly, a true glorified Ophelia with the coloring intensified, blooms increased in size, and with even the growth bettered. Distinctive Bedding Roses are well represented by several of the single Hybrid-teas. | have in mind three of Irish origin in 1914. Old Gold (McGredy & Son,) has several rows of petals and is a vivid cop- pery yellow, gold, and orange in the bud, opening to a coppery yellow. Trish Fireflame (Alex. Dickson & Sons) with its autumn tints of orange, crimson, and yellow, fading to various shades of yellow when fully ex- panded, is a beauty; while Red-letter Day, another Dickson introduction, is also large, nearly a true scarlet. All are vigorous bushy growers, and very free bloomers. Baby Rambler or Dwarf Polyantha. Of this type I know but two varieties of recent introduction, both are of much merit, however, and are low in growth and suitable for edging beds of taller kinds. The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 George Elger (E. Turbat & Co. France, 1912) is a clear yellow fad- ing lighter, and a continuous bloomer, as, indeed, is 7ip Top (Peter Lambert, 1915) generally known as Baby Doll, in bud a blend of orange yellow to a rosy carmine edge, changing to white edged deep rose. Climbing Roses of outstanding merit known to me are all of American origin, except Paul’s Scarlet Climber (Hybrid Wichuraiana, W. Paul & Son, England, 1917, H.A. Dreer, Inc. here) semi-double, a true vivid scar- let, a color which does not burn blue nor fade; a moderately vigorous grower, suitable for covering pillars. In Mary Lovett (Hybrid Wichura- iana, Van Fleet, 1915) we have a variety of vigorous growth, freely pro- ducing double cupped blooms of large size, with fine fragrance, pure waxy white. Bess Lovett (Van Fleet, 1917) is a counterpart of Mary Lovett except in its color which is a clear, bright rosy red. Purity (Hybrid Wichuraiana, Hoopes Bros. & Thomas Co., 1917) gives large semi-double, pure white blooms, the old flowers readily shedding their petals; the plant has the best of foliage and freedom of growth and bloom and is very close to Silver Moon. To all who admired Tausendsch6n but wished its color more constant Roserie (R. Witterstaetter, 1917) a sport, should prove a winner, for it 1s a clear, even shade of carmine- pink. Dr. Van Fleet is also responsible for the Rose Aunt Harriet (Hybrid Wichuraiana)—but not for the name—it was distributed in 1918. In LEARNING WHAT ROSES LIKE i HORACE McBAKLAND Editor “Rose Annual” of the American Rose Society 21 full bloom it is magnificent, covered with masses of dazzling scarlet- crimson, semi-double blooms having white centres and golden stamens. A New Line of Roses developed and described by Captain George C. Thomas, Jr. in the “American Rose Annual” for 1920 must be men- tioned although I have not had opportunity for any personal observa- tion of these varieties. However, the fact that they have been ad- mired by others and have passed successfully the rigid tests conducted at the Rose Test Garden, Portland, Oregon, and have been produced by an amateur whose standard of excellence is very high and whose ability in judging the merits of Roses is well known, leads me to believe that one would not go far wrong in acquiring these varieties. I have in mind the following: Dr. Huey (Hybrid Wichuraiana) dark crimson- maroon, semi-double, of great brilliancy and distinctiveness. It has one period of bloom. Bloomfield Progress is a Hybrid-tea, deep vel- vety scarlet, extremely double, with strong fragrance; Bloomfield Abundance, an everblooming semi-climber, salmon pink and double, flowers constantly from June to heavy frost; Bloomfield Perpetual, a per- petual blooming semi-climber suitable for hedges, carries bloom from spring to frost, having the perfume of the Cherokee Rose and its color. All four were sent out in 1920 by Bobbink & Atkins. The first two were obtained in the development of the others, and better may be expected for Captain Thomas has not reached his ideal. Challenging the Conventions and Simplifying Practice OST of us garden-hoping folks have despaired at the elaborate soil preparation which is recommended, = or even demanded, for rose prosperity, especially for WS The orthodox rose bed “must” be prepared two or three feet deep, and | have read of one preparation of four feet, the bottom twelve inches being of broken bricks for drainage. Then there are the “special” beds devised by the late Frederick Efficiency Taylor, in which diagonal slices of soil and manure and what-not manage to make a three-foot-wide bed cost about two dollars the running foot. The orthodoxers also propose three-foot square-and- deep excavations for Climbing Roses, and an elaborate soil prescription to fill them. When | began to try to have a few Roses at Breeze Hill, ] did my best to follow the fashion in soil fixing. True, the workman who was to trench two or three feet deep usually skimped the job, but nevertheless | did take extra trouble to see that the rose beds were extra deep, extra rich, and extra good. After I had to transplant some Hybrid-teas that had had a year in the elaborately prepared ground, | began to suspect the need for such extensive and expensive elaboration of prep- arations. The roots hadn’t gone down into the submerged richness, and I couldn’t see how they could get the good of it. Indeed, after having transplanted Hybrid-teas on multiflora, on Manetti, on Cherokee, on rugosa, on their own roots, | can say that | never found one, whether it has been doing business for one year or for five, that had gotten below eighteen inches, and most of them had prospered reasonably in a foot of good ground. In the spring of 1921 I had to transplant considerably again to condense and fill after the Easter Monday freeze of evil mem- ory. By this time I had gotten to confidence in a foot of good soil preparation, giving my heavy shale a full third of rotted sta- ble manure. The Roses planted in this half-orthodox soil have done well for a hot, dry year, and flowered remarkably well in the fall. What have I lost by saving time, money, and manure? But there’s more to the story. When | went over the beds last spring, I found some ten of the Hybrid-teas so nearly dead that I couldn’t think of replanting them. There was a little -cubic-yard excavation. sign of life in the roots, and as I am soft-hearted about life of any sort, I didn’t dump them, but had my helper plant them in my little “nursery” in the vegetable garden, where the soil was just ordinary. In June these “dead ones,” planted thus in ordinary garden soil, without coddling, and without extra water in a dry time, had all recovered and made good tops, on which flowers of quality came and continued to come abundantly. Without spraying or dusting, these plants are free from bugs and mildew and black-spot. Even the difficult Los Angeles, one of these derelicts, has done beautifully. What is the answer? I don’t know; but my common-sense is getting busy with my memory, and telling me how Roses flourish in the rough field culture where they have been budded. No “‘special”’ beds, no three feet of preparation, no coddling at all, does the nurserymen give them, yet he gets great growth and many blooms. Isn’t it just possible that the elaborate soil preparation recommended is mostly “bunk?” Each writer has written what he read, rather than as a result of his own actual knowl- edge, possibly, and has passed on all this trouble and expense. I am surmising, not asserting; but, as to the necessity for elab- orate and extra deep soil fixing for Roses I have moved to Missouri, and must be shown! As to Climbing Roses, | do assert that there is no need of any A fairly large hole with some good soil in it will “start something” with any worth-while modern climber. Is it not possible that many people have been scared away from rose-growing by these bogies of soil preparation, inherited from the old days when garden literature was loaded with similar and more forbidding prescriptions of soil dopes, differing for every plant? Who knows? The Beauty of Climbing Roses TA meeting of the Executive Committee of the American Rose Society last spring, in a discussion concerning the introduction of one of Dr. Van Fleet’s new creations in Roses, 22 The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 Mattie Edwards Hewitt, Photo. ROSE GARDEN OF MRS. EDGERTON WINTHROP AT SYOSSET, LONG ISLAND The symmetric, somewhat formally patterned bed is, of course, the traditional home of the Rose and this modern adaptation has both character and charm several rose nurserymen were passing the word on the rela- tively slow sale of good Climbing Roses as compared with the Hybrid-teas. One said he had 140 varieties of Climbers, most of them good, and he insisted that others of us knew little of them. Believing as | do in the desirability of these modern suc- cessors to the old Baltimore Belle and Prairie Queen, it oc- curred to me to count up the Climbers that make Breeze Hill. beautiful in June. | found | had sixty-nine sorts, and as | go over them, | find myself very reluctant to give up many of them. To be sure, there are about a dozen that have not yet shown me their flowers, but that is a joy to come. I have reached a certain state of hard-heartedness about these Climbers. If any variety fails to “make good,” out it comes, to give room for another candidate. Thus have passed away Goldfinch, because it was not distinct enough, and Trier, for the same reason. Climbing American Beauty is reduced to one plant, because, though very lovely when it opens, it “holds its dead,” as one friend expresses it, in retaining its faded petals. Mary Lovett froze away, and | did not renew because Silver Moon and Purity are as good, or better. I have no Crimson Rambler, and want none; Excelsa is far more satisfactory. Several are on the suspense list: Elizabeth Ziegler may stay, or she may go. Aunt Harriet will have to prove herself a real aunt to stay in my Rose family. The Critical Date in Planting Out OR several years I have observed that a surprising differ- ence in eventual growth and prosperity was evident in field-grown Roses planted at varying dates in the spring. The March or early April planting has, in my experience, preceded prompt starting, satisfactory blooming, and permanent strength, while planting in late April and at any time in May at Breeze Hill has actually meant weakness of growth and bloom and sometimes a large proportion of loss. As I write | have just been looking at certain rose beds, one of which was planted April ist, 1920, and the other April 21st. Both were of Hybrid-teas on multiflora stock, and from the The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 same nursery. The April 1st planting did superbly that year, and the plants were established most happily; the later -planting looked sick where the Roses were alive, as too many of them were not! Possibly I have found a reason for the difference. Trans- planting a home-grown Van Fleet seedling on March 12th, last year’s abnormal spring following a nearly minus winter, I hit upon a condition of soil moisture which permitted the lifting of the plant with every root intact, and with earth cling- ing to every root fibre. I observed that the little white root- hairs, which we are told are the active agents for food assimil- ation, were more than a half-inch long, and in vigorous growth. Now, under ordinary conditions of digging, these tender root-hairs would have been stripped off, leaving the roots bare. Is it not probable that such stripping may so weaken the root action as to check the growth of the plant? That is, the plant set after the suggested critical date is not dormant, though it may show little or no swelling of the buds—if my theory is cor- rect. I shall at least assume its accuracy in my Rose plantings until proof that I am in error is provided. Blooms We Enjoy in the Fall HE June bloom of Roses is a great event in any good gar- den. Breeze Hill has in addition to the sixty-odd varieties of hardy Climbing Roses about as many Hybrid-teas and Hy- brid-perpetuals. When the full show is in process, any one flower is relatively unimportant, and one does not expect it to be lasting. But the far fewer blooms that come in September and Octo- ber are different. The superb Druschkis are regal in size, and they are good in their warm whiteness for days. The Hybrid- NEW ROSES NZA-AUE following names have been registered with the #3} American Rose Society during the two years named, my= and the descriptions are taken from the Society’s ’ “Annual,” 1921, with additions to the end of the year fom the Secretary’s office. Eugenia, Per. Sport of Mme. Edouard Herriot. ite Mme. Edouard Herriot except that blooms are flecked or striped with yellow. (H. L. Collier.) America, H. T. Rose Premier X Hoosier Beauty. Bud long-pointed; flower immense, very lasting, rose-pink; fragrant. Foliage large, dark green. Vigorous; very free bloomer. Thorn- less. Resembles Columbia, but superior in color and form of bud. (E. G. Hill.) Miss Amelia Gude, H. T. (Forcing). Golambia X Sunburst. Bud long-pointed; flower medium size (35 to 40 petals), lasting, outer petals reflexing; deep yellow centre, shading to cream; fragrant. Foliage very handsome dark green. Very vigorous; upright; very free bloomer; hardiness not tested. Similar to Sunburst, but smaller bud. (Fred H. Lemon & Co.) Angelus, H. T. (Forcing). Columbia X Ophelia. Flower large, full (40 to 45 petals), form similar to Premier but higher centre, lasting; white, cream tint at centre; fragrant. Foliage dark green, disease-resistant. Vigorous; upright; free bloomer. Hardiness not tested. Similar to Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, but more double; blooms in winter, and keeps longer. (Fred H. Lemon & Co.) Rotarian, H. T. (Forcing). Ophelia X unknown pollen parent. Bud long-pointed; flower large, full (35 to 40 petals), lasting, high centre, reflexed outer petals; bright cherry crimson; fragrant. Foliage dark green with red tips. Vigorous; upright; free bloomer. Similar to Frank W. Dunlop, but free from mil- dew, has stronger stems, with color brighter, and does not blue. (Fred H. Lemon & Co.) 23 teas open slowly but endure long, and each one seems a real rose event. I find that if cut as they are expanding, they will open very perfectly in the house, and there give great pleasure. For ex- ample, one late September morning | cut a great stem of Duch- ess of Wellington bearing three good buds, one of them showing strongly the red reflex to the outside petals characteristic of this good Rose. All opened slowly and beautifully, giving us two days of decoration in the centre of the dining table. On the third, day, they were wide and flat, and suggested gigantic flowers of a semi-double écru Japanese Anemone rather than Roses. Miss Cynthia Forde is another of these fall bloomers that develops slowly and beautifully, and Lady Ursula and Mme. Abel Chatenay are even better. Columbia does well, but not as well as those mentioned, nor as Ophelia. That Rose with the outrageous name, General-Superior Arnold Janssen, is as fine in the fall as is Red Radiance (the Gude sort, not the Pierson sort, remember!) That aggravating, lovely, awkward, and captivating deep scarlet beauty with another outrageous name —Chateau de Clos Vougeot—glows in the house as its buds ex- pand, and has the advantage of exquisite perfume. My Hybrid-teas were rather good last fall, despite the black- spot ravages. I had every diseased leaf picked off and burned, and the plants were thoroughly dusted while wet with dew with Doctor Massey’s black-spot and mildew prescription of sulphur nine parts and lead arsenate one part. This was in finely powdered form, and applied with the Corona duster, Mildew is entirely controlled, and black-spot almost so. Aphis was controlled all summer by a two-inch mulch of tobacco stems, which also keep the ground cooler than it would otherwise have been. I cherish every one of these lovely fall Roses. OE e192 0-192 1 Red Columbia, H.T. Sport of Columbia. Similar to Colum- bia, but not so full and of a brilliant scarlet color, like Hoosier Beauty; very lasting. Free bloomer. (Jos. H. Hill Co.) Betty Alden, H. Poly. (?). Origin confused. Flower single, apple-blossom pink, changing to white; borne in clusters. Foli- age glossy, dark green. Vigorous. Hardy. (R. & J. Farqu- har Co.) Beacon Belle, H. Poly. (?). Origin confused. Similar to Betty Alden, but flowers very double and close; flesh color, becoming pure white when mature; slight fragrance. (R. & J. Farquhar Co.) Boston Beauty, H. Poly. (?). Origin confused. Flower full, double, clear pink, borne in clusters; very fragrant. Foliage leathery, dark green. Vigorous. Hardy. (R.& J. Farquhar Co.) Oregon Ophelia, H. T. Sport of Ophelia. Flower and bud similar in shape to Ophelia, semi-globular, full (56 petals), light pink shading to yellow at base; fragrance same as Ophelia. Foliage dark green, practically disease-proof. Vigorous; up- right; very profuse and continuous bloomer. Hardy. (Clarke Bros.) Legion, H. T. Milady seedling X Hadley seedling. Bud well-shaped, globular; flower large, full (42 to 48 petals), lasting, cerise red throughout; fragrant. Foliage large, glossy, reddish green, not subject to mildew. Vigorous; very profuse bloomer; hardy. Originally named American Legion, but changed be- cause objected to by association of that name. (Edward Towill.) William Wright Walcott, H. T. (Forcing,) Sport of Richmond X Ophelia. Outer petals deep pink, inner light; fragrant; 45 to 56 petals, Good winter rose. (Robert T. McGorum.) Silver Wedding, H. T., Ophelia Sport, same as Ophelia with cream colored foliage, red tinge on young growth. (Albert F. Amling Co.) Epitors’ Note: imagination. 1922. Il. ZE-NHE problem of the relatively small house and not exten- ‘ng f\ sive garden may be artistically less inspiring than the problems of large country houses and estates, but it is socially a more important matter. It concerns the Teves of multitudes of people instead of the relatively few. It concerns all those of moderate means who wish to bring beauty and peace into their lives—lives that are passed in villages, towns, the residence sections of lesser cities and the suburbs of great ones. The trouble is not that the majority of us live in “Spoon River,” for we do not, though there are more of its grim ironies around us than we realize. The trouble is that so many of us live in “Main St.,” with its vulgarities of soul, trivialities of mind, ugliness of look, and narrowness of outlook. “Main St.” is not unhappy; but it is low grade civilization, and knows no better. But if any dwelling house there had a fair garden behind it, THE HOUSE PAYS eX seie ea FOR A GARDEN ARTHURS Wi CORON Because garden and house are so inevitably linked, so essentially interdependent, we believe that gardeners everywhere will find much to interest and inspire in this series of articles, especially prepared for us by Mr. Colton, which presents some happy solutions achieved by Ameryicans of skill and Preceding articles may be found in THE GARDEN MAGazine for December, 1921, and January, MAKING THE HOME FACE GARDENWARD and a love of flowers in comely array within it, the street in part would no longer be “Main St.” If you could graft the love of flowers and ordered gardens upon it, you might change its knarled and stunted social fruitage into something nearer the apples of the Hesperides. Any kind of beauty, or poetry, or any touch of finer issues, will make the difference, but there probably is, for most “ Main St.” people, more culture in flower gardens than in university extension courses; first because in raising flowers you are doing it yourself and are learning by contact with things, with the concrete realities of a subject; and second (which follows from the first) because the interest is likely to be more vital and continuing. It is an ancient tale. “We receive but what we give,” is not quite true; but somehow or other the thing that is worked for is worth more. An arid and unlovely society is not a matter especially of slums and factory towns, unlovely as they may be. It flour- ishes where the people sit on their front porches, of lathy pillars WHERE GARAGE AND GARDEN ARE A HARMONIOUS UNIT The house itself necessarily fronting northward, its designer, Mr. Charles Barton Keen, adroitly converted defect into distinction by developing the rear area in a manner to focus attention. 24 Home of Mr. Graham-Clapp, Sewickley, Pa. The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 and jigsaw ornament, behind their patches of patchy lawn, and watch the trolley car go by and do not hear the wood thrush in the dusty Maples, and all their inner life has the thinness of weak tea, the flavor of remainder tea leaves with a slight taste of sugar. It flourishes in shady suburbs where one may follow mile after mile of asphalt sidewalk and see no house or surround- ings with any charm of personality whatsoever—expense, vain- glory, considerable comfort, but nowhere any magic or sensitive- ness, any brooding secret, or any of those slow growths that find their way upward into blossom wherever one’s heart is planted. The suburban place generally looks like what it is, something whose architect was Haste and its owner Indifference. Now, an owner who likes to sit on his back porch and look at his flower garden, rather than on his front porchand look at the street, is one whom any architect with any fineness about him would prefer to build for. The so- cial reformer may complain that it argues inferior “social mindedness,” and “unsocial mindedness” is coming to be as appalling a charge as it once was to be called heretic or an infidel. There is an answer to this charge, and a fairly complete one, the whole argu- ment of it would take us a long way round, but it may be summed up in this axiom, namely that the finest social results come from seeds which are first planted and secretly spring up in persons. From which it seems to follow more or less logically that, when we have put our porches behind our houses instead of in front, and turned our backyards into gardens, and have taken to the intensive contemplation of the results of our own doings there, in place of the superficial inspection of other people’s doings in the street, we shall have set our faces toward a better civilization. 25 HE problem of the Olcott house—a problem skilfully solved by Mr. Charles Barton Keen—was to design a simple, inexpensive dwelling on a prominent corner lot overlooking a large park, adjoining which were a number of rather expensive and showy residences; to avoid competition in any sense of dis- play; and to develop the property according to its opportunities, with an individual, distinctive home, suitable to its site. In both the Olcott and the Graham-Clapp house (also of Mr. ‘CHAUNCEY OLCOTT’S SARATOGA HOME A rather widely known example of the best type of small house which faces inward on its gar- den; the architect here again being Mr. Charles Barton Keen of Phila- delphia Keen’s design) the front necessarily faced north or northeast; the best exposure then was to the rear, thus making it necessary, or advisable, to develop that side, to put there the living porch, flower garden and other decorative features. In the Olcott place the garage, stable and pergola are treated to frame the picture and form a background to it. In the Graham-Clapp place this rear outlook was developed to have an interesting foreground, with a background to form a screen and shut away 26 the uninteresting out-buildings of adjoining houses facing on the next street. Both seem to have been cases where a necessity was put to good service. If the antecedent circumstance was not selected, the chance was indeed judicious. It often is, for “There is a divinity that shapes our ends, Rough hew them as we will.”’ The pergolas of the Olcott and Graham-Clapp houses have more than an ornamental purpose, they serve as screens to finish the background of the former, and for the latter to shut out un- desirable features beyond. Pergolas are, as a species, of Italian origin. To one’s Sicilian memories they recall Grape vines, purple clusters overhead, shadowed by thick leafage from a This modern English house at Epsom offers at- tractive sugges- tion for an owner who would at all times enjoy his garden. The music room (right), the liv- ing and dining rooms (centre), and even the Service quarters (left), face gar- denward: and there is, too, the low, sheltered terrace for “‘tea”’ The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 too-burning sun, and rows of heavy pillars. Nothing seems more characteristically Mediterranean than those stalwart pillars. If one finds them at first sight incongruous with shin- gled roofs, it is a casual association that soon passes; they are cool, strong, and peaceful. From the cool of those pillars in the Olcott house a brick walk runs through the flower garden, past the Apple orchard, and the vista ends in a colonnade, hiding the tennis court. The Graham-Clapp house stands on a rugged stone terrace. Both houses are sheltered from outer view by trees and hedges, and both plans imply lives looking inward to the quiet of their gardens and not outward to the casual interest of the street. TELLING. THE TIME INS or aoe JANE SER SPIE iid Epitors’ Nore: Because of an apparent recrudescence of interest (as evidenced by recent letters of inquiry) in a floral fashion in vogue a century ago in English gardens, we are publishing this alleged guide to the planting of the floral dial Y2N THE effort to recreate the atmosphere of romance 4) fy, commonly attributed to bygone days, people persis- p ya tently dig up old fashions quite forgetful of the fact that (iG they no longer fit. A mode very charming a century back may to-day be very hideous, what was then a natural form of expression often becomes for us mere superimposed arti- ficiality. Happily, the energies of gardeners in general are being increasingly diverted away from patterned beds and sim- ilar floral “stunts” and are being expended on less intricate but far more telling effects. However, for the benefit of those still be-cobwebbed by the belief that anything “old-fashioned” is inevitably “good taste,” these recipes for the planting of a floral dial are offered. In the gardens at the World’s Fair, Chicago, 1892, a dial which told off only a few of the hours was planted as follows: 6 A. M. Morning Glory 7. A. M. Portulaca M. Single Roses M. Four-o’clocks M. Evening Primroses . P. M. Moon Flower Flower timepieces of a century ago were more elaborate in arrangement, frequently containing varieties that by their opening and closing told off every hour of the day and night. Many of the older dials of the English estates were planted with wild flowers and had a quaint charm that is lacking in more recent examples. Dp > GOI 90 Such a clock would be a part of the general landscape rather than of the formal garden. The nature of its plant materials makes this imperative: they are all flowers that wander at will over meadow lands and are never quite at home in the modern garden. The list given below for just what it is worth is taken from Brewer’s ““ Readers’ Hand Book.’ DIAL OF OPENING FLOWERS First Twelve Hours Second Twelve Hours I. A.M. Scandinavian Sowthistle 1. P. M. Common Purslane (opens) (closes) 2. P.M. Purple Sandwort (closes) 2. A.M. Yellow Goat’ s-beard (op- 3. P.M. Dandelion (closes) ens) 4. P.M. White Spiderwort Kloses) 3. A.M. Common Otoneue (op- 5. P.M. Julap (opens) - ens) 6. p.m. Dark Crane’s-bill (opens) _ 4. A.M. Hawkweed, late-flowering 7.p.M. Naked-stalked Poppy Dandelion, Wild Suc- (closes) chory (open) 8. p.M. Orange Day-lily (closes) 5. A.M. White Water-lily, Naked- 9. P.M. Cactus, Opuntia (opens) stalked Poppy (open) 10. P.M. Purple Bindweed (opens) 6. A.M. Spotted Cat’s-ears (opens) 11. P.M. Night-blooming Catch-fly 7. A.M. White Water-lily, Garden (opens) Lettuce, African Mari- 12. P.M. Late-flowering Dandelion gold (open) (closes) 8. A.M. Scarlet Pimpernel, Prolifer- ous Pink (open) 9. A.M. Field Marigold (opens) 10. A.M. Red Sandwort (opens) II. A.M, Star-of-Bethlehem (opens) Noon Ice Plant (opens) See see RRIES FOR THE HOME GARDEN Epitors’ Note: must be supplied at home. PX YI NINAYS SSS the Bramble family coming next. HE Strawberry is the favorite of both the home garden ne ti and of commerce; which is no wonder for it leads in (4s quality and, excepting:-the Currant and Gooseberry, Pu“ is the most productive of small fruits. Everbearing varieties that produce fruit on well developed plants of the cur- rent season’s growth may be set out in April to bear from August until frost, and give a light crop the following June. The com- mon varieties yield their first crop in June of the year after they are planted in the North; and earlier, of course, in the South. The usual rules as to sites for fruit plantations (i. e. avoiding low ground and giving preference to a northerly slope etc.) apply to the Strawberry. Some varieties, as the Chesapeake, require a sandy type of soil; others, as Gandy, prefer a heavy soil. Fortunately, however, many kinds, including the majority of leading varieties, thrive equally on different soils. A moist, well drained loam, abundantly supplied with humus, is desirable; it may range from a sandy toa clay loam. The care that the crop receives is much more important than the type of soil it is planted in, which is fortunate, for the home gardener can use the site and soil he has, making the most of them. Feeding for Futures OR spring planting it is better that the ground be plowed or spaded the autumn before, but at any rate as early in the spring as it works well, and be made as mellow as possible . before planting. If the soil be already liberally supplied with well decayed organic matter, manure may be omitted and a mixture of equal parts of bone meal, acid phosphate, and muri- ate or high grade sulphate of potash, may be broadcasted at the rate of 8 to 10 Ibs. per square rod, after the ground has been thoroughly prepared. If it needs enrichment, about 100 to 150 lbs. of well rotted stable manure may be applied to each square rod and worked into the surface soil to a depth of only four inches so that the roots may reach it easily. About 3 lbs. of the fertilizer mixture above mentioned may be used with it. Get plants that are healthy, vigorous, well rooted, and of only one season’s growth. If the plant be stemless and the roots whitish or yellowish, it is young; a plant having a stem and dark roots is old and should be rejected. Order twenty per cent. more plants than actually needed, to allow for discards. Large size is of no advantage; small plants that are healthy and well rooted will produce equally good and productive beds. Medium sized plants are probably best. Systems of Training HERE are several systems of training strawberry beds— the Hill, Hedge-row, Spaced Row, and Matted Row, each one having good points. In the Hill System the plants are set from 12 x 12 in. to 18 x 18 in. apart each way, usually in beds four plants wide with narrow walks between. No runner plants are allowed to grow and the original plants become very large. Good yields of very large choice fruits may be obtained by this method. Careful tests at different experiment stations, however, indicate that for a large majority of varieties this is less productive than some other methods, while it involves much more labor and three or four times as many parent plants. Only the varieties that are JOLIN SE DOAN School of Horticulture for Women, Ambler, Pa. The average home garden is notoriously deficient in fruit, perhaps because of a sub-conscious thought that fruits for current needs can always be bought. kind, but not the kind that a gardener can grow for himself. quality and state of maturity it must be recognized that good fruit is becoming less and less easy to obtain at reasonable prices, and that this deficiency of an acknowledged essential in the dietary The general outline of the fruit garden and its latent possibilities were presented Jast month, and subsequent articles by Mr. Doan will discuss individual fruits, 27 They can, ofa Apart from the matter of intrinsic not free plant makers, such as Chesapeake and Marshall, are suitable for this system. From 110 to 230 plants per square rod are required. In the Single Hedge-Row System the plants are set about 2 feet apart in equally distant rows, and each plant is allowed to produce two new ones, one on each side of it, inthe row. About 68 plants are required per square rod. In the Triple Hedge-Row System the plants are set 2 to 3 feet apart in rows 24 to 3 feet apart. Each plant is allowed to produce two new ones in the original row, and two or three in each of the rows that are trained on either side of it from 9 to 12 inches away. There are different methods of bedding the rows. In the Spaced Row System the plants are set from 18 to 36 inches in rows 3 to 5 feet apart, the distances being determined largely by the length and number of the runners the variety produces. However, when an everbearing variety is planted that bears fruit on the new plants, it is preferable to set the plants 18 to 24 inches apart in rows not over 3 or 3 feet apart, so that the rows may be filled comparatively early in the sum- mer, leaving a long bearing period for the same season. The runner plants being so placed as to avoid crowding and prevent waste of space are arranged with less exactness than in the Triple Hedge-Row. After the ground becomes well occupied, all sur- plus runners are destroyed. From 19 to 60 plants are needed for each square rod. In the Matted Row the runners are allowed to grow at will. Usually they are thinned out later; but, asa rule, not sufficiently. The planting distances are the same as for the spaced row. The yield may be very large; but the fruit is not so choice as that produced by the other systems. The most satisfactory distance apart to bed the forming Strawberry plants may vary from 6 to nearly 12 inches, accord- ing to the variety and local conditions. As a general rule they should be a little farther apart than the span of the hand. Preparing the Rows and Setting Plants AVE the soil slightly elevated where the rows are to be planted, stretching a garden line where the row is to go. Its position may be marked upon the ground by walking upon the line, which is then moved out of the way; and the plants are set out the desired distances apart along the print of the line. If one should plant along the stretched line it might be pressed to one side, causing a crooked row. Unless the plants are ob- tained near by and moved with balls of earth, all but one or two leaves had better be removed from each plant, and the roots shortened back about one fourth. The reduction of the foliage lessens the loss of moisture, and the removal of the injured tips enables the roots to heal and throw out feeding branches more quickly. Set the plant with its crown (i. e. that part where the root system meets the bases of the leaf stalks) exactly even with the surface of the soil. If too high, the roots may dry out; if too deep, the whole plant is likely to rot. The roots should be spread well apart and the soil pressed firmly against them. The plants may be carried in a pail of water and dropped, a few at a time, as needed. The garden trowel is a convenient and satisfactory planting tool. Thrust it diagonally into the soil 28 The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 E. H. Lincoln, Photo. “THE VERY HONEY OF ALL EARTHLY JOY ”—Cowley with the concave side away from the planter and the point slanted toward him, it is then brought to a nearly upright position and the plant is swung into the opening by the free hand, with a quick movement that spreads the roots out like the ribs of a fan. The trowel is withdrawn as the plant is placed in the hole, and, as the planter moves forward to set the next plant, he presses quickly and firmly upon the soil close to the plant toward it and downward with one hand or his knee. If the crown of the plant be slightly above the soil when it is placed in the hole, this pressure should leave it just even with the surface. If the gardener finds difficulty about setting the plants at the right depth, they may be held in the desired position while the soil is pressed against the roots. North of Washington, D. C., the best time to plant Straw- berries is before they start growth in spring; also in August or September, preferably with potted plants; though that is not generally so satisfactory a planting season in the North. Below Washington, however, early autumn is the safer time, as the newly set plants thus escape the long hot summer and still have a considerable growing season. Cultivation: Tools for the Purpose OON after planting, the soil (which has been packed in plant- ing) should be cultivated deeply and cultivation continued at intervals of about ten days until early autumn. After that date give about three cultivations, the last coming a little before freezing weather. Until the runners start, the wheel cultivator can do most of the work, a half-moon hoe being used in the rows. After the new plants start and before their leaves are large, there is no handier tool to preserve the soil mulch and keep weeds from ap- pearing, with little danger of injury to runners, than the potato hook. Later, the half-moon hoe and very narrow bladed hoes are best for working in the rows. Until theplants are strong, all flower stalks should be removed frequently from the new bed and all runners destroyed. Usually the runners set in spring may be allowed to grow late in June. It is a good plan to place them about every two weeks, until the rows are well supplied with plants, and to destroy all runners that come later. When a plant dies, train the runners from the neighboring plants to fill the vacancy, and, if need be, also move extra plants with balls of earth from places where they are abundant. To keep a runner in place, put a little soil or a pebble on the cord just back of the forming plant. The beginner will be surprised to find that, with a favorable season and good care, varieties that are only moderate plant producers will form well filled beds before September, when the parent plants are set from 30 to 36 inches apart in rows 4 or 5 feet apart. Wide spacing makes early cultivation easier, greatly reduces the amount of thinning necessary, and permits the growing of some early companion crop, as Lettuce, or Peas. The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 Where growing seasons are short, or varieties are very poor plant producers, like Chesapeake, closer planting is advisable. If the rows are not enough higher than the spaces between them to afford easy surface drainage when winter sets in, there is danger of snow water being held upon the plants sufficiently long to drown them. Where the winters are mild, as south of Washington, D. C., this danger is much less. Soon after the ground freezes protect the bed by a covering of straw, marsh hay, strawy manure, or some other harmless loose material, preferably free from the seeds of weeds. Leaves, except pine needles, are likely to smother the plants. In the latitude of Philadelphia 40 lbs of loose, clean straw or marsh hay or 150 to 200 lbs of strawy manure, evenly distributed, supplies protection for a square rod and the plants are able to push through this covering unaided in spring. Further north the protective covering should be made heavier, according to the climate, which may necessitate removing some of the mulch in spring. The Choice of Varieties ARIETIES that fruit well when planted alone are called staminate. Those that do not fruit properly unless some potent staminate variety that blooms at the same time be planted near are called pistillate; if such be grown, at least every third or fourth row should be staminate. (In the cata- logues B or S indicates a variety that is staminate, and P the pistillate.) Senator Dunlap is a good pollinator for midseason bloomers and William Belt for later bloomers. Other pollina- tors would be better for some varieties. 29 An experienced neighbor or a near-by nurseryman with similar soil can best advise the beginner. In the absence of local information, choose adaptable varieties of good quality, covering the season. As an early berry, Progressive (B), one of the best ever- bearing kinds, is far superior to and only two or three days later than Michel’s Early, the standard early variety. Senator Dunlap (B) and Haverland (P) are good for early midseason. Marshall (B) and William Belt (B) are good late midseason kinds. These are all adaptable and range from good to excellent. Gandy is the standard very late kind, but requires heavy soil. Insects and Diseases that Threaten O avoid the white grub, plant Strawberries only on land which has been cultivated at least the year before. If healthy plants wilt in the summer, remove them and dig care- fully—usually a grub worm will be found. . The leaf roller attacks the leaves, and the leaf spot causes red- dish brown spots. Both may be controlled by spraying (I have used Pyrox) according to directions just before and after bloom- ing, and by removing and burning the old foliage immediately after the crop is gathered. In case a spray is needed for the leaf roller when many of the berries are half grown, use 1 oz. of fresh hellebore in a gallon of water. If any aphids (plant lice) are found on the roots of plants to be set out, steep some tobacco an hour or so in water and im- merse the plants in a moderately strong solution for fifteen minutes. ite Eyy TRAILING ROSE MAX GRAF Ws C5 18(GuANNI NEW hardy trailing Rose which, | think, will be used by landscape gardeners as a ground cover and over em- bankments has been flourishing in my garden and is worth a record. It made its début as a chance seedling in a Connecticut nursery, and was named Max Graf after the foreman who discovered it. Only the insect that pollinized its parent and the bird that dis- tributed the seed know its ori- gin, but a study of the flower and foliage seem to point to a union of the blood of the rugosa and Wichuraiana, both of which were growing in the nursery. The comparatively small and shining foliage bespeaks its rela- tion to the latter, and its rugged aspect indicates a relationship to the rugosa, while the flower —two, to two and a half inches in diameter—resembles the best pink form of that sturdy shrub. Max Graf is a June and July bloomer, at which time it is completely covered with bloom, but even when not in flower it makes a handsome show on ac- count of its clean, deep green, ar Sy BN oA Brad VIS CONVERTING BARE SPOTS TO BEAUTY In habit like Wichuraiana, but hardier, the new trailing Rose Max Graf is suggested for a ground cover and for decorative use in general. Mr. James H. Bowditch, Conn.., with whom it originated, thinks it is probably a cross be- tween rugosa and setigera. shiny foliage which remains in good condition until frost—its beauty unmarred by attack of mildew, black spot, or insect. The rugosa blood gives a constitution hardier than Wichuraiana which often freezes back here at Highland Park on the shore of Lake Michigan. The new shoots of the hybrid start upward and at a height of some two feet, arch over, finally reaching the ground on which they trail ten or more feet, rooting at the joints, but not quite so freely as Wichuraiana. Where the latter is perfectly hardy, a combination planting of the two should make a hand- some mass. Trained up and used as a “pillar” Rose, Max Graf should be a boon to Rose lovers living in a climate where the more tender climbers cannot be grown without winter protec- tion. Fortunately the Dreer Co., and some of the commer- cial growers have seen and ap- preciated the capabilities of this Rose and offer it, so that it is procurable through the regular / dealers. Flowers pink WHEN HOW AND. WHERES TO] PiEANT there QUALITY. VEGETAIIeEs ADOLPH KRUHM Author of “(Home Vegetable Gardening from A to Z,” and kindred books Time to Think of Details so Little at the Start but Likely to Develop into Mountains of Annoyance if Neglected Now HE properly conducted vegetable garden is really a fAseries or succession of gardens. The degree of success bes you achieve depends entirely on sowing the right seeds i“Weat the proper time, on correctly gauging the crops’ requirements while growing, and on knowing when they have passed the zenith of their usefulness. There should be no room for sentiment in the home’s food factory. It’s a case of making the most out of six or seven months of growing season, and fre- quently a few days delay in sowing seeds spells the difference between a crop before frost or a crop for Jack Frost. So, let us consider the season’s possibilities for an average home garden of, say, 40 x 50 ft. Sucha garden between June and October can be made to yield all the vegetables a family of four can eat, besides providing some surplus for canning or stor- age. But todo this, crop rotation must be practised with time- table precision and only varieties of known performance used. It should be understood, too, that the results here considered are matured under high cultivation and exact management— the goal of possibility! When it Is Really Time to Start ce IS fundamental that the soil be in proper condition to re- ceive the seeds. Whenever you can dig so that the soil crumbles readily, be it March or May, DIG! But whena hand- ful of the soil, squeezed, forms a mud ball, wait! There are enough hardy crops that may advantageously be sown in March, even though April brings frost galore. Among these are Peas, Lettuce, Carrots, Cabbage, Endive, and Parsley; also Chinese Cabbage, in the light of recent discoveries. The entire question of when to sow the different vegetables depends largely on two factors:—the relative hardiness of the seeds themselves and the ability of the new-born plants to resist cold. For illustration, Parsnip plants are every bit as hardy as Carrots or Parsley or Peas. Yet, Parsnip seed will readily rot (as high as 50 per cent. have rotted for me) in cold, wet soil, hence the early start constitutes a loss rather than gain. Again, the character of the soil is a determining factor. In light, sandy loam with good drainage, Onion seed may be sown as early as Peas. Onheavy clay, such early sowing would prove disastrous. Summarizing, here are the most popular home vegetables, arranged in order of their relative resistance to cold as seedlings, and immunity from rotting as seeds. I. HARDIEST PLANT AND SEED II. DELICATE SEED Ill. DELICATE PLANT (First Sowing) (Second Sowing) (Last Sowing) Cress Beets Beans Peas Onions Corn Lettuce Parsnips Cucumbers Carrots Salsify Melons Cabbage Okra Pumpkins Endive New Zealand Spinach Squash Parsley Leek Kale Chard Spinach Kohlrabi (To be started Indoors) Radishes, and all Tomatoes other members Egg-plant of “‘ Brassica”’ or Peppers Cabbage family Celery In the small garden conducted for measured results there is not room for quite a number of these. You may have a senti- mental longing for a big pumpkin; but any pumpkin you raise 30 will cost more by way of space wasted than a dozen pumpkins purchased in the market at Halloween! Of all the “vining” plants mentioned in the third column above, only Cucumbers merit consideration in the home garden, because they are easily confined to small space. A dozen Pepper plants will yield 75 fruits, while twelve Ege- plants will carry 36 perfect “eggs.” Okra, Leeks, and Salsify are long-season crops, of little value as food factors, hence of little use for small gardens. We find about a score of vegetables really worthy of cultivation and the accompanying programme is worked out accordingly. : Such suggestions are, of course, subject to wide divergences through personal preferences. In the matter of varieties, how- ever, there is not much room for choice as it is generally necessary to stick to early and extra early kinds. With crops that occupy a row throughout the season there is opportunity for early, midseason, and late kinds. In Tomatoes, for example, grow Globe, or Bonny Best for early; Beauty for midseason; and Stone formaincrop. Here follows a selected list of varieties reached by the process of elimination in my own experiences. STANDARD VARIETIES THAT HAVE STOOD THE TEST Note: The time required to come into bearing is shown in the ee | figure following the name; the second figure is the duration of the yield Beans (Bush), Bountiful—6o days—2 weeks Endive, Green Curled—60 days—30 days Stringless Green Pod—65 days—3 weeks Sure Crop Wax—6o days—3 weeks Kohlrabi, White Vienna—6o days—2 months Brittle Wax—6o days—2 weeks Fordhook Bush Lima—85 days—8 weeks Beet, Eclipse—55 days—3 weeks Crosby’s Egyptian—s5 days—2 weeks Detroit Dark Red—60 days—3 weeks Cabbage, Jersey Wakefield—85 days—4 weeks Copenhagen Market—100 days—4 weeks Carrot, Paris Forcing—45 days—2 weeks Oxheart—s5o0 days—3 weeks Chantenay—6o days—3 weeks Danvers—75 days—2 months Celery, Golden Self-Blanching—i1oo days—8 weeks Giant Pascal—120 days—4 months Lettuce, Wayahead—s5o0 days—2 weeks Black Seed Simpson—s5o0 days—2 weeks California Cream Butter—65 days—2 weeks All Seasons—75 days—3 weeks Iceberg—85 days—2 weeks Wonderful—oo days—2 weeks Kingsholm Cos—8o0 days—4 weeks Onion, White Portugal—9o0 days—2 months Yellow Globe Danvers—1oo0 days—4 months Southport Red Globe—120 days months Peas (Smooth) Market Surprise—50 days—1 wee! (Wrinkled) Little Marvel—55 days—2 weeks Thomas Laxton—6o0 days—2 weeks Potlach—8o0 days—2 weeks Radishes, Rapid Red—25 days—1 week Scarlet Globe—30 days—io days Icicle—4o0 days—2 weeks Cincinnati Market—45 days—3 weeks White Stuttgart—6o0 days—2 months Black Spanish—8o to 100 days—all winter Corn, Peep O’ Day—6o0 days—1 week Golden Bantam—8o days—2 weeks Howling Mob—oo days—2 weeks Cucumber, Davis Perfect—6o0 days—2 months After the variety has stood for the time indicated it had best be pulled up to make room for its successor—the extra yield from retaining it any longer is not a profitable return. The planter can gain further time (which means crops) by manipulating parts of rows to produce plants for successive crops. For instance, a small seed flat of Cos Lettuce started June 1st, will give plants 3 inches tall by June 15th, when Carrots are harvested. The Bush Beans that follow the wrinkled Peas between June 15th and July 1st may bear so well by September ist that just a plant here and there might be removed to make room for Chinese Cabbage or Kohlrabi. The working out of such details calls for reflection and foresight, which, after all, mark the difference between garden monotony and gardening as a fascinating art. Some General Cultural Principles PACE all rows uniformly 2 feet apart at the start; this will permit planting other crops between before the original rows are exhausted. er ee are essential. 4-inch furrow on both sides within 2 inches of the brush furrows, averaging 1 pint to the soil. The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 73t June 197% Beans, Corn, and Peas to Aprilis™ be sown in drills, 3 to 4 inches deep; all other seeds to be sown about twice their own depth. A beet “seed” (really a fruit) averaging 4 inch in diameter is covered } inch and only sufficiently trod over after sowing to assure a uniform stand of seedlings. A broad rule for all fine- grained vegetable seeds is to cover them just enough to prevent birds or winds from carrying them away. Brush or other support for Peas and stakesfor Tomatoes Peas seem to thrive best in broad, matted rows. | place the brush first, in straight rows, then opena Aug elie ad a our Jane por Resell Nees: hod eae t7 pa ea pe cee ie ce and scatter the Peas in these every 15 foot row. This method has given the biggest yield although the pods are apt to be smaller than in single row culture. Much depends on the fertility of For Tomato culture I have firmly settled down to the individual stake method after twenty years’ experiments. CHART FOR THE VEGETABLE GARDEN This shows the success on plantings for each row of the garden, dividing the season into three periods 31 Each plant is provided witha 5-foot stake and, about July Ist, 1s reduced to its three strongest branches which are then tied to the stake. Thereafter all side-shoots or branches and suckers at leaf joints are scrupulously re- moved once a week so that by the middle of August the plant has reached the top of the stake and it is time to cut off the tip of each branch. Flowers set after August Ist seldom ripen fruit before frost. Handled thus Toma- toes will bear as much as 25 lbs. of fruit per plant. April 13% June 15% August iL Give all your plants a chance to breathe, even as seedlings. As soon as big enough to be taken hold of, thin to stand from 2 to 4 inches apart, according to their growth. Rapid Red Radishes making very small tops are satisfied with one inch of space. Most Let- tuces, before making heads, require 12 inches or more. Beans and Corn should be dropped four inches apart in the row. Corn is generally thinned out to stand a foot apart, but Beans will thrive when closer, say at four to five inches. Both do better if hilled. fee wING PACTS FOR READY REFERENCE —Soil that will grow good potatoes will raise good straw- berries. —Plant Strawberries, for field culture, 1 to 14 by 3 to 33 feet apart; for garden culture, 1 to 2 feet apart. —Plant Raspberries and Blackberries 3 to 5 by 4 to 7 feet apart. —The bearing life of the Blackberry is estimated at from 6 to 14 years; Currant, 20 years; Gooseberry, 8 to 12 years; Rasp- berry, 6 to 14 years. —Mulching the small fruits with hay, straw or leaves, saves a large amount of hard hoeing, holds the moisture and keeps the weeds from growing. —Plant Currants and Gooseberries 3 to 4 feet apart. —Plant Grapes 7 to 16 feet in the row, the rows to be 10 to 15 feet apart. —Grape rows should run north and south. High, stony, well-drained land is best. —Grape vines must not be pruned during April or May, as the bleeding will cause wasteful and injurious expenditure of sap. —A liquid fertilizer for potted plants can be made by using one-fifth as much poultry droppings as cow manure. The liquid should be rather thick and the color of strong coffee. IN THE WOODLAND WILD GARDEN Prairie Roses (Rosa setigera) beautifully fringe the margin with color, and hardy Water-lilies light up the surface of the still pool. Birds love this quiet spot and fill it with their singing BLOOM Its very simplicity gives this formal garden a quite distinctive charm—Annuals flowing in bands of color down the center beds bordered about by Perennials and backed by a hedge of Arborvitae HERE ARE ALL SORTS OF THINGS TO FILL THE HOUSE WITH 32 ‘The ardens at enallen Home of Mr. and Mrs. F. F. Prentiss Cleveland, Ohio Photographs by Clifford Norton FEW gardens are so saturated with the spirit of the American landscape or fit more completely in- to it with, of course, the exception of the Japanese feature which is distinctly oriental in character and for that reason has been placed ina secluded spot to avoid incongruity. Glenallen combines in unusually happy fashion the freedom of a country estate with theconvenience ofasuburb. The plan for this fifty acres was originally designed ten years ago by Mr. Warren H. Man- ning of Boston, subsequent de- velopments being made by Mr. M. H. Horvath of Cleveland. All the construction work from the land- scape architects’ studies have been carried out by Mr. Robert P. Brydon, superintendent for Mr. and Mrs. Prentiss, who continues in charge TP HERE OR * re ‘ Vetpe y ste % - a L be 5 EARLY SPRING WILD GARDEN Where ecstatic little Trilliums run fleet- footedly through the fresh greenery, followed later by the bright bloom of collected Azaleas and Rhododendrons STEPPING FROM THE JAPANESE GARDEN Scotch Pinks and Stonecrop enliven the rockwork which links lawn and Japanese garden CUT“EROAVERSLE GARI sii Sy zi =| ie Baran NNN ¥20 TO arrange flowers that they 4 really emphasize or increase the beauty of a room calls for considerable artistic skill. A great many people make an_ other- wise livable room positively jarring by the misuse of flowers; some, having an idea of color and a little common-sense, do. no actual harm to a room, but at the same time add nothing much; still others, exercising their knowledge of color and decorative values, make the most uninteresting interior charm- ing by their arrangement of bouquets. Different interiors call for different kinds of cut flowers: dark, formal rooms usually re- quiring upright, stately blooms Sprays and Bouquets as Accents in the Indoor Decorative Color Scheme—Planning the Garden to Supply Variety the Season Through OR: EVEKY DAY ANTON diminish size whereas blue ones set at the further side of a small room seem literally to increase its area. Maxims to Remember HOOSE flowers for a room with reference to its color scheme; for example, do not use blue flowers in a “red room,’ or on a red table cover. Select your receptacle to conform with the flower; tall vases for tall flowers; shallow vases and bowls for the short-stem- mers. Have them large enough to hold plenty of water, and also of a shape that will not PROVEN PLANTS FOR CUT FLOWERS AND DECORATION Ppear top-heavy when filled. Arrange the flowers at differ- of a not t 1 9 NAME Coors SEASON OF Cotor Harmonies, Uses anp Opp 6 5 Ace aera ae ae ee Bioom Hints ent heights and not as a flat- 1 O in : Aeon aaa: ae = Be Ascrabn Fr eres white an sua ee Bale blue, yellow; in bowls topped bunch. 3 room to otis grandis ite uly; August ith Poppies; effective used alone. s i h ee yf : Aster Various All summer With Bites pink; loose sprays. A single flower often looks show to a vantage. Curiously Calendula Yellow a o With a touch of blue or purple. far more beautiful th qe df Candytuft White, blue, purple “ Generally decorative (succession sow- a Wu an a enough, too, red flowers tend to ings). ammed-up cluster Carnations _ Pink, white S on With Ferns; loosely. J Pp oe Celosia (in variety) Various Os oy Best alone; vivid effect. Centaurea ° oe fs With light, slender flowers. Clarkia oe Aes Lie Alone; very brilliant. 20° FT. BORDER OF PEREN- CestnOs sale white ee ss ees mgt light, graceful flowers. 20 FI. BORDER OF AN- ypsophila ite wa a or airy effect. NUALS FOR CUT FLOWERS BEGUGS OR AGH LOM EIRS Lobelia Various . a Fine for “filling”; in bowls. — Lupin Rose, blue, white a ‘ Lasting quality; loosely. IAN Marigold (Tagetes) Yellow, orange CoN rept With touch of blue; keeps well. > i ©) Mignonette Reddish we ee Many uses, fragrant; succession sow- B ings. ; Nasturtium Red to yellow a s Bectalode: bright. ua Nicotiana Various na Sh Good for fragrance. SG Petunia Various oe e Pinks and whites especially desirable. KS Phlox S 2 ia Pretty shades for special effects. Poppy . Bt - % In small, loose clusters. Salpiglossis oe es 4 Best used alone. Scabiosa af a Ss Fragrant; variety maxima plena best. Schizanthus a se a Showy; fine for corners. Snapdragon Ss # a With blue, pink; loose sprays. Stock Me Early “ Pleasant odor; good for bedrooms. Sweet Alyssum White, purple All ass With low flowers; mass in bowls. Sweet-pea Various Early “ Among the best for centrepieces. Verbena is All a Gay coloring; for centrepieces. Zinnia “ s ee Best used alone. Perennials Achillea White All summer Poor foliage, but fine flowers. Aconitum Blue oa ie Good blue when blues are scarce. Alyssum saxatile Yellow May Best early yellow. rs Anchusa italica Blue July-Aug. With yellows, russet etc.; delightful in i combination with Iris. z Anenome laponica White, pink Sept.-Oct. Charming little flowers. > Arabis albida White May With other early flowers of any color; | in low bowls. ; a Asparagus Fern All summer With the finer flowers. Q Aster (shrubby Blue, purple July on For taller arrangements. z Baby-breath White Early “ Fine for mixing, but short seasoned. & N Beebalm Red Summer Pleasant odor; odd shaped blooms. > Boltonia Pink-lavender Aug.-Sept. With Asters. : 2 Campanula (in : z variety) Various All summer Best used alone; large vases. D> Canna Red, yellow ne wy Coarse; for strong featuring. Columbine Various May-Aug. Use in loose clusters; delicate. Coreopsis Yellow All summer With pink and blue; a clear yellow. Dahlia Various eo oe Best used alone. Evening Primrose Yellow ee os Good for strong effect. Forget-me-not Blue a oa Ideal small blue flower for bowls. Foxglove Various Early “ White is best, but others are good. 2) Funkia White, blue ate ine Lily-like flowers for bud-vases. 2 Gaillardia Red, yellow Allis Extremely bright. 4] = Gladiolus Various Early “ Attractive shades; many uses. ais Helenium autum- f nA nale Yellow Someisalll Pleasing yellow for tall effects. > Hemerocallis a June-July Very fine, lasting for days. Heuchera Pink de “i With blues and yellows. Hollyhock Various | July-Aug. For tall effects, corners, etc. Hydrangea Pink, white, blue All summer Best of the larger flowers. Iris Various Early “ Exceedingly decorative; best alone. Larkspur Blues AMS ’ su Lily-of-the-valley White Early spring With Forget-me-nots and similar small flowers; for bedrooms. | Lupin Various All summer Large spikes very charming for large bouquets. r Maidenhair Fern Ad ae With medium sized flowers. Pansy w 4 q Great diversity of hues; blooms all ; season. : ; Peony Various All summer Mammoth flowers of delicate coloring. Phlox s July-Sept. Miss Lingard best; avoid crimson. Platycodon Blue, white os mt Delightful, bell-shaped flowers. Sempervivum Various vs fc Dry for use all winter. Shasta Daisy White All summer Clear white, daisy-shaped flower. Stokesia Blue, white July-Sept. Pleasing if well grown. Sunflower Yellow Early fall Pleasing yellow for tall effects. Sweet William Various “summer _ Effective when used alone; good shades. Tritoma Red, yellow All summer To brighten dark corners. Tuberose White [betes Pleasant odor; very dainty. Water-lily Various All “ For sunny windows. 34 The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 35 a SSR IE EIR Bie cee wee $ i Sonie smNOR BF EE ss ~ Arrangement by Cadieux & Co. Mattie Edwards Hewitt, Phato. SNAPDRAGON AND FORSYTHIA The iridescent bronze-pink of Snapdragons and the clear gold of Forsythia blend exquisitely, suggesting the lightsome joy of earliest summer. Growing flowers for indoor use is one of many fascinating aspects of gardening and furnishes the housewife appreciative of color with a flexible and responsive medium in which to execute her fancies 36 Keep the taller flowers nearer the floor or at least below the level of the eye; few flowers look well when above eye-level. Blooms of distinctive form should be used by themselves in small numbers so that the beauty of structure may be seen. Flowers of delicate coloring may be used either singly or in mass. There is less danger of light shades clashing than of strong colors. Delphiniums combined with a few Coreopsis make a de- lightful bouquet; they are also very effective in combination with Phlox Miss Lingard, with any light pink Phlox in fact. For the ivory-finished dressing table, try a few yellow Stocks in a small vase. A single Peony or a Cactus Dahlia cut off close to the flower may be attractively used as a centre-piece for the dining table by floating in a bowl, Pond-lily fashion. If one has a place to grow Ferns, they are well adapted for many decorative purposes and are particularly good when used with the smaller flowers. Put plenty of green in your bouquets, preferably the natural foliage; but if this is unattainable, secure something that re- sembles it and as nearly as possible of the same shade: heavy leaves for large flowers; fine leaves for small flowers; and straight, speary leaves for the bulb and Lily family. Mignonette judiciously mixed in a scentless bouquet adds greenery and imparts a delightful odor. To keep your flowers fresh give them clean, slightly salted water, and cut off their stems a little each day. What to Avoid O NOT mix the finer flowers with the coarser, except in a few cases. For instance, Baby-breath goes well with almost anything, whereas it would never do to use Sweet-peas with Sunflowers. The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 This applies also to colors, It is not advisable to attempt to mingle the delicately tinted flowers with those strongly colored, because the latter kill the effect of the former. Use red very sparingly; it is sometimes handsome if displayed by itself in surroundings of a neutral tone to offset its emphatic brilliance. Avoid using flowers with strong fragrance in the dining- and bedrooms. For the bedrooms light colors are best, Inciden- tally, the current conviction that harmful gas (carbon-dioxide) is thrown of by flowers at night frequently prevents people from enhancing the attractiveness of their guest chambers. To me it seems absurd to believe that a handful of flowers can throw out sufficient poisonous gas to hurt anybody, especially as most people keep the windows open all day and all night during the summer. A Safe Guide to Follow ERE is a simple device which enables one to avoid at least any glaring discordancies and to achieve some fairly happy results. Of the six primary colors as arranged on the accompanying chart, any adjoining two (for example red and orange or orange and yellow); or any exactly opposite each other (as blue and orange or purple and yellow, etc.) may be combined with good effect. However, when using opposites it is better to let one predominate than to use both colors in equal quantity. In these matters there is no more reliable guide than nature and a thoughtful study of her methods is one of the first essentials. Her palette has infinite variety— we find a golden-eyed purple Violet, a flame-petalled Nas- turtium with a throat of cool, lemon yellow—try these com- binations or any others more to your fancy; following her, you cannot go wrong; as a mixer and blender of color she remains unsurpassed. DIAGRAM SHOWING STANDARD COLORS, AND METHODS OF COM- BINING THEM TO OBTAIN BEST RESULTS WITH CUT FLOWERS Adjacent colors may be used (red and orange, or orange and yellow, etc.) or opposite colors, such as blue and orange, or purple and yel- low. This rule applies mostly to the stronger colors, as it is possible to use much more latitude in mixing flowers of more delicate tints WALKS AND TALKS AT BREEZE HILL—VI Wherein is Reflective, Critical, Philosophical, and Friendly Comment About Plants and Their Behavior, Inspired by Personal Experiences in a Garden Made for Pleasure ee Olw \CE wel ue AND SPRING PLANTING FOR COLOR IN WINTER R\2S THE garden dead in winter? Not mine; it is full of i en ern « ¥, life, and full of color—color that compares with summer Wye, somewhat as a Mozart string quartette compares with a Strauss waltz. Both are enjoyable, but this winter color-music is more intellectual than it is emotional. Two rheumatic knees and a hard-hearted doctor have been interfering with my daily garden journey, but this bright mid- January Sunday I just had to take a chance on both, because the first clean snow-blanket is reflecting all the lovely color in a way not possible so long as the browning grass and the soil absorb the light. To-day the garden glows again in warmth and winter brightness. There is no chill in the color, whatever the ther- mometer may say. Thunberg’s Scarlet-Jeweled Barberry _JT [US rather a tradition to depend on berries for winter color, but where birds own the place, and a garden-loving human is a mere incidental owner, the berries soon perform their food function and are not a color factor! The Thunberg Barberry, of course, still holds its scarlet sprinkle, because the birds won’t touch it while other food can be had, and the Breeze Hill hedge consequently yet carries a Christmas brilliance. That same Barberry, by the way, has and does disappoint me by its unorthodox vigor. It was planted ten years ago ona three-foot “maturity” basis, but much of it now touches six feet in height, and more than two yards in depth. I have been too kind to it, and it is only by annual trenching and root- pruning inside that I can keep it from wholly possessing the good borders it backs. I suspect my neighbor, who planted smaller stock a year later, did better than he intended, though he now seems to envy the year-round attractiveness of my hedge. I have found it possible to get the height down about a foot, without the hateful formality resulting from shearing, by cutting out the high places well down into the plant, and so not interfering with the graceful informality which is a special merit of this fine thing. Evergreens That Endure UT that winter color which started me to gossip begins, naturally, with the evergreens. The Norway Spruces | wish | didn’t have at Breeze Hill—they are poor things at their forty-five years, just when they should be taking on an appear- ance of stability—are dull brown-green, and the least alive- looking of all the conifers. The Hemlocks are much brighter and the few cherished White Pines are cheerful. NO CHILL IN THIS WINTER-COLOR PICTURE The hanging snow reveals new charms and interests in the varied patterns of the bare branches foiled by the heavier masses supported by the Evergreens 37 38 The American Arborvitaes of the place, really its main ever- green feature because they were so liberally planted as inner hedges by my predecessor, and so cruelly beheaded after they had grown up six or eight feet—as was told during an earlier walk—are a warm brown-green now. Each heavy snow bows them nearly to the ground, and I enjoy going about to gently relieve them of their fleecy load. The dark and rich green of the Japanese Yew, unaffected by any winter, now shows at its best. This Taxus is a prize, and I’m exceedingly glad my specimens came to me before the Federal Horticultural Board took charge of all American garden introductions from abroad, and announced its disdain for the “mere adornment of a private estate,’ as one of their recent publications phrases it. I wonder how long Uncle Sam will stand for this bug-on-the-brain garden check! The Japanese Fir (hitherto familiar as Abies brachyphylla) is another lovely thing in the snow. Its lustrous green leaves, silvery below, are glistening in the winter sun, just as if they belonged here, instead of in Japan, where the F. H. B. would have kept them. We are now to call itAbies homolepis, I believe. The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 Our White Fir (Abies concolor), of Colorado is nearly as beautiful, though the green of it is just a little bleached in win- ter. Near it is another native, Abies Fraseri, said to be quite temporary, but assuredly now quite beautiful. It looks like a super-balsam. My favorites among the conifers of Breeze Hill are two lusty young specimens of the Douglas Spruce (Pseudotsuga taxifolia) of western North America. One is the conventional color of dark green, and the other has the bluish cast which makes it far finer than any form of the Colorado Blue Spruce and, of course, with its own noble and stately aspect. Just why any- one would plant a Colorado Blue or a Norway Spruce when he could get this fast-growing and always beautiful Douglas Spruce, I don’t know. Does anybody? I find to-day that the Carolina Hemlock is a little brighter in its green than our northern native, and the Cedars, which belong hereabouts in Pennsylvania, are good in color. Juniperus Pfitzeri disappoints me a little by its winter dullness—I like it well in summer, however. These winter days the Rhododendrons are particularly enjoy- able, not only because of the splendid deep green their leaves hold, but because those same leaves are veritable natural thermometers. I hardlyneed look at Mr. Fahrenheit’s arrangement of mercury and glass in the morning after I have cast my eye toward the big Rhododen- drons of Lovers’ Lane. When the leaves are curled down around their stems, | know the frost is fierce; but whatever message the wind whistles does not de- ceive me when I see these leaves at an angle of forty-five degrees or higher. On the coldest morning yet—6° above zero —I found the smaller leaves of the beau- tiful Carolina Rhododendron curled into little tubes, and looking as if they had shuddered themselves to a protective position, but by noon, when the sun had warmed the air, they were up and flat, just as pert as ever. My cherished little plants of the rare Box-huckleberry (Gaylussacia brachy- cera) are nearly covered with snow, but the twigs above the whiteness show the fine bronzy green that will make this shade-loving evergreen a favorite where it has been successfully propagated and made available. It is a sour-soil plant and must have leaf-mold to live in; but I havea suspicion that some one is coming along shortly with a tannic acid soil pre- scription that will make the growing of all these woods-mold plants easier. [Dr. E. T. Wherry, in his studies of soil acid- ity, discovered that watering with water in which spruce-bark chips have been soaked will bring about a sufficiently acid condition in any ordinary soil. — Ep.] Cheerful Colors in Shrub Shoots HE bare stems of the shrubs furnish most of the refined winter color. The Forsythia twigs are a warm yellow- ish tone that is bright and cheerful, and NATIVE EVERGREEN FOR THE GARDEN Is there anything better than the Douglas Spruce? Varying from gray to blue-green, hardy and adaptable, it assumes added picturesqueness when the young growth pushes out in May The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 ——IiciiiciciiiiciiiiiiiciKiiiiicccc 2 "MT > ee a, a ail —CCicjiii rmnitttixntttttttiiiKiitioiiitaitithyiitietiitiitciiinniicittQiiiieNiiitisitiiiniiMititiigitiiiyiniiQQiii. Arthur G. Eldredge, Photo. THE GLORY OF THE EVERGREENS Not alone for their winter persistent foliage which is the charm of the conifers, but also for the summer bloom of the many broad-leaved kinds are they welcome in our plantings. Spruce and Cypress to the rear, Native Laurel (Kalmia) in bloom in front 39 40 a fair forecast of what they will do to the spring garden in a dozen weeks. Bright in another way are the shaggy stems of the Oak- leaved Hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia), one of the finest na- tives, for they are a lively brown. Not far away H. radiata— not the H. cinerea which some folks confuse with it—shows its reddish brown twigs in sharp contrast with the beautiful silver gray tones of the heavy clumps of H. arborescens grandiflora that are close by. These last two Hydrangeas have foliage— in foliage time—apparently identical until a breeze turns up the white under-surface of the radiata sort, which | grow for just that same breeze effect. H. paniculata—not the grandi- flora variety which I won’t harbor here but the single type— shows dull gray twigs of no winter value, and the newer Asiatic sorts are no more notable. Another silver gray arrangement is that of the Dwarf Horse- chestnut (Aesculus parviflora), which is in association with dark gray Dogwoods and the red-brown stems of the Japanese Cher- ries, all showing to color advantage against great Arborvitaes. One of my pet Wilson introductions, Lonicera Korolkowi floribunda, fairly glistens in the winter sun, showing also a warm light gray. It is a chameleon shrub, and of a charming habit in its down-drooping slender branchlets, for when its buds swell and break in spring, the young growth will be dull red and The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 the beautiful leaves a distinct blue-green, to say nothing of a veritable cloud of pink and white blossoms in due course. Most of the newer Mock-oranges show a warm brown twig color that varies agreeably. A plant of the rare Viburnum theiferum, from which the birds have long since removed its brilliant scarlet fruits, shows attractive deep pink buds, all ready for the warm days of March. But | must not run into a catalogue of winter colors, or rather tones. I only suggest that any garden lover see them and ap- preciate their beauty, and their predominant warmth—for even the shadows of the trees on the snow in January days are warm in hue, with more purple than one would believe whose attention had not yet been drawn to the way in which nature meets the chill of winter. All the tones are hinting of summer ahead, whether it be the red browns of the Grape vines, the Persimmons yet hanging for the early robins, or the varying tones of the tree trunks. Even the great Sycamore that dominates Breeze Hill suggests the hues that cheer rather than those that chill. When the snow covers the ground, I must raise my eyes to the shrubs and trees, and so these winter garden walks are full of color pleasure, as well as full of opportunity for planning betterments in the garden framework. The only bad day ina garden is the day you can’t get into it! PLANTING THE SHRUBBERY BORDERS Gis POUR =SiE Ars OuN@ itesns) Our ILE SILVe, lst DSOIN SN MAKING a shrubbery border or even in planting a }, few shrubs in the spring, it would be well to look at our gardens with all four seasons in mind. r Look at the general nurseryman’s catalogue—pages upon pages usually arranged alphabetically with only a few lists classified as to possible uses. The merits and attractive flower- ing qualities of a handful of popular shrubs, the Spiraeas, Deut- zias, Forsythias, Weigelas planted primarily for their gift of bloom in early spring are easy enough to handle; everybody knows them. In consequence, the attitude of the average planter towards shrubs is far too often limited by considera- tion merely of their flowering season and the color of their bloom. But there are other equally important considerations to be borne in mind, and especially is this worth while where the plot to be planted is of not very large dimensions. There are so many shrubs that have some especial seasonal interest, such as fruit in fall, or colored foliage at a particular period, even the bark in winter is sometimes an effective attribute, and the suitable blending of all these qualities obviously can do much to enhance the interest of the entire garden and to make its appeal continuous. Naturally, the mind runs to evergreens for main dependence for winter cheer. That is the stereotyped expression, but all evergreens are not necessarily cheerful in winter, particularly the Rhododendron which in extremely cold weather seems to shiver exceedingly. Frequently a brighter and more persistent green may be had from the barks of a few deciduous shrubs, as the Kerria, for instance, with its vivid green shoots that give brilliancy even when quite bare of leaves. Against this for color contrast may be put the Red Osier Dogwood which becomes ever brighter as the winter approaches to spring. Some of the Wil- lows lend a pleasant green and yellow and if gray and silvery tones are wanted, Goumi, Hippophae, and the Smoke Tree serve. If space permits, considerable emphasis and sparkle can be lent by introducing a solitary tree or two, such as the White Birch with its bark of silver. The Oriental Plane makes an attractive pattern in gray, as also the White Poplar. For contrast with these the Chinese Cork Tree (Phellodendron amurense) with its glistening black will serve as an accent; and P. villosa glows in fall with hues that vie with the Sugar Maple at its very best. Much stress has been placed at one time or another upon the values of the berried shrubs for fall color. As a matter of fact, the fall berried color is largely outclassed by the fall foliage and by the fruits that persist into winter. These merit more at- tention than commonly given them. Not in any way to be despised from this point of view is Regel’s Privet, graceful in habit, with tasseled white flowers in spring, it carries through the winter a wonderful profusion of ashen black berries. Not strikingly conspicuous, it is true, but effective in varying moods of weather when water globules drip from each and catch the light of the sun. The brilliant scarlet of the Japan and other Barberries scarcely needs mention; it has been so much ap- preciated that there is perhaps a little danger of the Barberries being over-planted though their color is welcome and, used in conjunction with some others of duller character, achieves some worth while effects. And in such combinations, the Snowberry and Coralberry, although not persisting through to spring, are not without charm with their white and red fruits. Where it will grow, the Evergreen Thorn cannot be ignored with its myriads of orange-red miniature apples which persist up to Thanksgiving. They might adhere longer if they were not so palatable to the birds! The Laland’s variety is the bet- ter one for the gardener, seemingly more hardy and the brighter color. A planting of this in combination with the Snowberry made a delightful picture until the Thorn succumbed to scale; not that it is more scale infested than other members of the Rose or Pome family and the winter spraying of shrubbery, which the cultivation of some of these may compel, is, perhaps, after all not a bad necessity. Winter spraying may prove preventive of more troubles than we wot! The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 41 Mary H. Northend, Photo. DIVERSIFIED SHRUBBERY PLANTING, HOME OF MRS. J. A. DOWNS, WINCHESTER. MASS. Strongly colored foliage as that of the Purple Filbert and the Purple Beech, the Golden Mockorange, and the Golden Privet offer delightful possibilities to the planter, but such strikingly divergent tones need be used with great caution. One speci- men to emphasize, to lighten, or to accent a given point may serve well, whereas a repetition is another matter. For the intimate quarters around the house as giving a wel- come to the guest, the use of evergreen plants of low habit has an apt suggestion, the Mountain Spurge (Pachysandra) for car- pet is brighter and more all-dependable than the time-honored Myrtle (Vinca). Dwarf forms of the Retinispora, especially forms of obtusa, offer an abundant choice. Against the Re- tinisporas it is often claimed that they have a tendency to go brown in spots; and it is true that they show the browning in the open, taller-growing forms, but the little dwarfs are so compact and such dense masses of greenery that the eye cannot penetrate to the browning of departing foliage in the interior, so it matters not, and they may be planted with perfect confidence. They take years to attain any real size and even then are never big. Retinispora obtusa pygmea nana will barely attain a foot after several years of growth and, amusingly enough, the plant is dwarf in proportion to the length of its name and working back- ward the several varieties become taller as you cut off the terms. Where their growth can be admitted, the Mugho Pine and the Pfitzer Juniper hold unequal sway, and these are among the few evergreens that can be planted reasonably close to a house in confidence that the house will not disappear behind a barrier of forest before many years roll by. A list of plants with special seasonal attractions follows (all have been proven reliable at St. Louis Botanical Garden): TREES: English Cork Maple (Acer campestre); fol. yellow. Amur Maple (Acer Ginnala); fol. scarlet. Norway Maple (Acer platanoides) ; fol. pale yellow. Schwedler’s Maple (Acer platanoides Schwedleri); fol. purplish. Sycamore Maple (Acer Pseudoplatanus); fol. yellow. Tartar Maple (Acer tataricum); fol. reddish. Speckled Maple (Acer incana); fol. green; fr. black. White Birch (Betula populifolia); bark white. Eyvonymus Bungeana; fr. orange and scarlet. Evonymus europaea; fr. orange and scarlet. Purple Beech (Fagus sylvatica purpurea); fol. purple all season. Ash (European) (Fraxinus excelsior) ; fol. bronze. Ginkgo biloba; fol. yellow. Japanese Walnut (Juglans Sieboldiana); fol. yellow. Chinese Cork (Phellodendron amurense); fol. yellow; bark black. Plane (Platanus orientalis); bark gray. White Poplar (Populus alba); fol. grayish; bark gray. Pussy Willow (Salix caprea); fol. grayish; fr. silvery gray; bark gray. Willow (Salix); fol. bright green. sHRUBS: Hollyleaf Barberry (Berberis ilicifolia); fol. bronze; fr. bright red. Thunberg’s Barberry (Berberis Thunbergi); fol. scarlet and yellow; fr. bright red. Purple Barberry(Berberis vulgaris pur- purea); fol. purple; fr. red. Red Osier Dogwood (Cornus alba); bark red. Red-branched Dogwood (Cornus sanguinea); bark dull red. Purple Hazel (Corylus Avellana atropurpurea); fol. purple all season. Cotoneaster acuminata; fr. red-purple. Cotoneaster multiflora; fr. scarlet. English Hawthorn (Crataegus oxycantha); fol. reddish; fr. red. Elaeagnus longipes; fol. silvery all season; fr. red; bark silvery. Oleaster (Elaeagnus umbellata); fol. scarlet all season; fr. red. Straw- berry Bush (Evonymus alata); fol. pinkish-red; fr. red and orange. Forsythia suspensa; fol. purple; bark bright green. Sea Buckthorn fol. silvery; fr. red; bark silvery. Kerria japonica; bark bright green. Privet (Ligustrum sp); fol. glossy green; fr. black. Buckthorn (Rham- nus cathartica); bark black. Smoke Tree (Rhus cotinus) ; bark grayish. European Elder (Sambucus niger); fol. yellow. Securinega ramifolia; fol. yellow; fr. green; bark green. Bladder Nut (Staphylea colchica); bark white. Viburnum (Carle’s) (Viburnum Carlesii); fol. reddish. Viburnum Lantana; fol. reddish; fr. green red. Viburnum Sieboldi; fol. reddish; fr. bright red. BLOOM EVERYWHERE IN MISS KEELER’S WALL GARDEN ON JUNE FIRST Five-foot Dalmatian Iris crowns the apex; just below are Gypsophila, Ceras- tium, and Statice latifolia; white Columbine (left) is also already in flower PLO AER IN A CRANNIED WALL LUCY PEPIOIa CE WibBix Where Five Score Plants and Plantlets Cosily Rub Elbows, Clothing Bare Rock with Scented Glory AGO an old family house was moved off and, being a bit sentimental about the foundation stones, | be- gan building them into a loose wall, urged thereto by pictures in my English periodical, William Robin- son’s The Garden. A length of about twelve feet was laid up ex- perimentally at first, this being extended annually as I got stones and plants and experience. The seams of the additions prove some of the prettiest bits of the wall. One forms a little fern gully, another an herb patch, and in still a third, where granite boul- ders took the place of limestone chunks, grow some plants which merely die on the hotter stone. Furthermore, since the highest parts of the terrace are shaded by trees, the middle section partially so, and the lower is sun baked, any plant can be lodged to its private taste. j FIFTY-FOOT grass terrace, connecting two levels of the lawn, a steep terrace, hard to mow, easily burnt by summer suns and easily injured in winter by ex- ploring little boys with sleds! Some fifteen years NEAR THE TOP OF THE WALL A fine bush of Santolina backed by Sedum spectabile (right) with Sedum acre spreading its lusty growth over the Jas below 42 No “landscape architect”’ aided by stronger ones of a day laborer. Some six inches of soil were dug out along the base of the terrace, and the largest, flattest stones placed there, tipping slightly inward so that rain did the job, but my own hands, falling on them would run back into the bank. Good soil from the compost pile was thrown over and behind the stones and rammed into the cracks. Plants | thought suitable were then brought from other parts of the garden, arranged at the very face of the rock, roots carefully spread out and back, several more inches of earththrown over, and a second strata of rocks superadded, their noses retreating an inch or two behind the first row. This process was repeated till the desired height was reached, by which time a strip of four feet was added to the upper yard. Some large rough stones were embedded here, placed to afford shade and pockets, several bushels of rough gravel were strewed on the top soil, and the planting fin- ished. This work was done in late September, when the ground was still warm, and the plants went The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 tight on growing, and bloomed freely the following year. No part of my truly nice old garden affords me and my friends more pleasure and interest than this wall garden. Strangers, being !ed about the place, suddenly find themselves going down some unsuspected little steps, with a whole new garden in view, in front of which they can loiter, bloom and scents rising right up to their eyes and noses. It is fun to watch their expressions, as though experiencing a bit of magic—poking about with Alladin! HERE is real magic in such a garden for even the experi- enced gardener. Many things which refused to grow or even live on my level spaces suddenly woke up and throve on the wall. Aubretia, which somehow objected to every other site, simply took possession of desirable quarters next the steps. Hepaticas, Rue-anemones, Dutchman’s Breeches, Corydalis, Cliff Ferns, Adder-tongues love it. Here Megasea leaves grow thrice the size of those in other places. Arabis, Iberis, Sedums, Houseleeks, Campanulas, Thymes, Creeping Phloxes cry, “watch me!” Well, I have to, or many other things would be crowded out. A white Thyme, so tiny it looked like splashed green paint on the stones, grew envious of a still tinier Sandwort, and, marched right on top of it, the two absurd darlings sticking up their respective atomic stars in sweet fraternity. The Cob- web Houseleek, and the commoner kind which grows over the thatched roofs on English cottages, outline edges of rock like inlay on fine furniture; and fascinating little Maiden Pinks bloom and drop their seed on the ledges just below, starting fresh colonies for the following year. | have never counted, but I am sure that more than a hundred varieties of plants live here happily in close array. Start with ten Stonecrops alone, from Sedum acre blooming in April to Sedum Sieboldi whose exquisite rose-edged leaves and bloom adorn my Thanksgiving table. Add half a dozen kinds of Houseleeks and Campanulas, dwarf Pinks and Thymes, dwarf and semi-dwarf Phloxes, and Ferns, and there is more than half the hundred before | have really started to count. HE herbs love the dry wall and in many cases are truly beautiful. I used to take up my true Lavender and carry it over the winter in the coldframes; but a bit left in a chink of the wall proved so hardy that it has never been coddled since. The same thing happened to Kenilworth Ivy and one free- blooming Begonia. Near the Lavender are Lavender-cotton 43 (Santolina); Old Man and Old Woman; Rue, as lovely in blue gown as is Santolina in gray; Nepeta Mussini; Southernwood; Angelica; Thymes and Stachys; grey-leaved Gypsophilas are here too, both repens and cerastoides; and Veronica repens. In April I sprinkle annual seeds in bare spots—Rosy Morn Petun- ias, pink Snapdragons, Silene, Ragged-robin, and crimson Portulacas, because the gray of the herbs seems to glorify any- thing in the nature of magenta. In another hot bit of the wall, to continue the golden display of Hardy Alyssum and Stonecrops, I sow low annuals; lovely blackeyed Santolina, dwarf Nasturtiums of the right shade of buff, and California Poppies. Under the spreading perennials, and blooming right through their carpet, are tiny bulbs: Scillas, Puschkinias, Chionodoxas, Snowdrops, Aconites, and Iris reticulata; letting Iris pumila, with persistent leaves, make a little edging against the lawn. The tall Canadian Wood-lily is happy here, and some foot high summer bloomers like Pyrethrum and Bee-balm; while toward the back are groups of really tall things, level with my eyes as | walk along the top of the wall. The fragrant Iris pallida dalmatica is to me king of Irises—though orientalis pushes it hard; extending into the lawn are Yuccas serving to keep out marauding dogs from the rock garden, and glorious in them- selves when their great spikes gleam in the moonlight, and when they strew their bells over foliage and bloom far below. ORE appealing, though, is the shady part of the wall, next the steps. Here are hanging festoons of Arabis, both sin- gle and double; of Hardy Alyssum and Candytuft, Primroses of many tints and kinds; Columbine hybrids of delicate colors; Viola cornuta and such native Violets as prove not too rampant; bits of Ferns | have toted from far-off mountains; a scrap of Ivy from Heidelberg Castle; a tuft of Edelweiss, proving itself neither white nor rare; a Harebell from Walter Scott’s grave; Herb-robert for its dainty name and flower and leaf and aroma- tics; and last but not least, a great, useful ancient toad that lives in a moist hollow roofed by a flat stone on which he sits under the shade of a Polypody Fern. I could write indefinitely about my wall garden; because it seems to me a good illustration of how even a very small bit of waste land may be induced to yield up a succession of beauty and interes; but I have already, | suspect, said enough to make the reader long to try one for herself. Well, why not? Pepe NPABEE PLANTS FOR THE NEW ROCK GARDEN CEANWENCE -FOWEER “| HOUGH not necessarily Alpines, the two-score plants listed below are in character and adaptability eminently fitted for rock garden use and furnish a very pretty framework for the new rockery which may then be further developed at leisure to please the individual fancy. The enthusiast who wishes to grow a collection of choice Alpines or to acquire more intimate knowledge of the needs and habits of rock plants in gen- eral will find helpful suggestion on pages 316-321 of the February issue. SPECIES ra) ze a|> 3 Sl alySciret ptans i Bn) SEEEB So cewencaiils : ea us ie ailediainwvarie MSBeLAp ab onthe se ris T L | eA ubrietia_invarie ma || [- LT] TTT mt | \Campanula-carpattca | | ee | 7 | mt tT | }Campanula_carpatica_alba ae a8 || | | TTT Cerastium_tomentosum | IRE | mt | Daphne-Cneorum Ci. tT a | Detphinium_chinense at nae _m@ | tT pianthue.deltoides | (e [Ty PT TT Ey Dianthus_deltoides_alba Et S885 | mT | Dicentraeximia | le an Litt mt tT WGeumatrosanguineum i! Sennen EEE SR eee cel Bt” SRR IEEE a pee repens Lf | |e | | met | | ellanthemum_in-variety. ae | | | (| | [|e Hepatieccentils a “ERE BE a Heuchera cag aunt | VIberis sempervirens Ls Iris cristata hloz Subulata hlox stbulata alba eieatos subulata lilacina P| | | Primula in variety. SEER Sanemuinaria canadensis | Lt joaxttvaga m variety. [|| TT isedum in varie | | | |] mt |Veronica rupestris ee tH | | Veronica repens ‘BET a Le) fll Ill | | Ue MAKING A LAWN THAT WILL LAST JOEIN® COEEUNSH CA EE ble Landscape Architect STAGE II. “SEEDING, AND URKGE RAIN SUS Vg NY time when there is {NY sufficient moisture in the soil to support the young tVletS. plant on germination is the time to sow grass seed. Gen- erally this condition exists in spring and in fall, but often August offers opportunity for sowing and, if sub- sequent weather conditions are good, summer is as practical a time as any other. But most people will prefer spring seeding anyhow. HEN buying grass seed specify fancy recleaned seed and weed troubles will be greatly lessened. Fancy recleaned seed costs slightly more than the ordi- nary grade, but the results secured will more than repay the extra initial cost and you are getting seed, not dirt or chaff. A good practical method for sowing is as follows: divide the ground into strips of a convenient width, say about five feet, with pegs and string; divide the quantity of seed into halves and divide each half into as many equal portions as there are strips, to insure an even distribution. Sow by hand with the back bent and the hand close to the ground; spread as evenly as possible over the surface. Now take up the strings and pegs and divide the ground in like manner at right angles to the former divisions and repeat the seeding process with the remaining half of the seed. Cover to a depth of about ¢ in. by raking the surface lightly in two directions, care being taken not to bury the seed too deeply. Then roll and cross-roll with a roller of not less than three hundred pounds weight. Choose a very quiet, dry day for this; if possible a day before wet weather is expected. The amount of seed required for small places is about 9 Ibs. to + acre or about 4 lb. to the square rod of an approved mixture, such as the following (20 lbs. is called a bushel): 20 lbs. Kentucky Blue Grass Spring Sowing 20 lbs. Rhode Island Bent April or May 20 lbs. Red Top Autumn Sowing 10 lbs. White Clover August or September 70 lbs. (nominally 34 bushels) to the acre. SOWING THE LAWN Sow the seed by hand with the back bent and the hand containing seed close to the ground; spread seed as evenly as possible over the surface. Large areas may be divided into sections as shown by the transverse lines NCE a lawn has been built, poor drainage or inadequate soil cannot be successfully remedied without tearing up the whole area and rebuilding it; therefore it is sound economy to make a proper foundation (as described in the Jan- uary GARDEN MaGazine). Many lawns built at a cost of a few hundred dollars have cost many times that amount in up-keep ina few years. Stinginess in construc- tion is not economy. If the proper amount of plant food is in- corporated in the topsoil before the turf is established, the up- keep is made more simple and much cheaper. After the Grass Is Up N THE absence of rain imme- diately after seeding and rolling, a light gentle sprinkling is very beneficial. When established, the lawn should receive a very thor- ough wetting and it will not then be necessary to water again for a week or ten days. Too frequent waterings have a tendency to weaken the drouth-resisting qualities of the lawn so that if subjected to a period of dry weather disastrous results are apt to follow. ; Do not cut young grass too early. If sown in the fall it is better not to cut until the following spring, and then not until it has attained a heigh of 3 to 4 inches. By preference make the first cutting with a scythe as it does not pull the roots. Succes- sive cuttings should not be too frequent—about once every ten days on a new lawn; and leave the clippings on the lawn unless the growth is excessive. Rolling the lawn is very beneficial. In the early spring when the moisture is still in the ground this treatment presses the crowns of the grass plants firmly into the soil where they can grow to the best advantage and at the same time levels the bumps and hollows caused by the frost of the past winter. If the lawn is made with fancy recleaned seed and sufficiently well rotted manure, serious weed trouble is not likely to ensue. - Should any weeds appear, however, dig these up by hand and rake over the bare places, fertilize, and reseed. Epitors’ Note: The preceding article, Stage I., dealing with soil preparation, grading, and fertilizing appeared in the January number ~ NS iar B. AMONG OUR G ANEISSUE IN ERRMIES: T ISa pity that issues should elbow their way into the garden, rending its presumptive peace; we say presumptive because every true gardener knows it actually as a place of creative struggle crowned with the tingling joy of achievement, though popular fancy persistently pictures it as steeped in a sort of radiant, slumberous, and permanent quiescence. A perturbed query, recently arrived, has set us wondering how gardeners in general solve the problem in question and how visitors to gardens really feel about carrying away with them part of the beauty, possibly at the expense of the portion left behind. Our questioner writes: Though a flower garden is the most delightful place in the world, still there will come little perplexing things to mar its pleasure. My garden is small, oneof perennials arranged for continuous blooming, and little picture effects from spring until the autumn. It has also been my pleasure to welcome many visitors and, between my desire to keep my floral pictures perfect and that stern sense of duty toward the visit- ing ones, | have found a problem. Shall I cut and give to those who come to me and deplete my blossom effect, or shall | be selfish? At the risk of being relegated to the ranks of the hopelessly unregenerate we venture the opinion that one gardener visiting another gardener derives the greatest amount of satisfaction in the inspection of the actual growing plant, in that particular environment, where most of us prefer it should be left to render its full service for its full life as a vital part of the garden in which it has been set. Student visitors coming for purposes of comparison or other specific reasons are manifestly an exception, and the interchange of material in such cases is rather a different matter from the ordinary ruthless culling of blossoms for a few moments’ en- joyment. On the other hand, there are people who do greatly appre- ciate the gift of flowers though, in fact, thev are usually not gardeners themselves or at any rate do not own gardens. We admire a painting and the artist comfortably listens with- out any disquieting twinges of conscience, knowing full well that we do not harbor the slightest expectation of profiting by our praise. However generously disposed, he never for a mo- ment dreams of snipping off the bit of color that pleases and presenting it to the appreciative visitor to carry away. Gardens, too, are sometimes little masterpieces wrought through long months of careful planning, and doubly precious for their transiency; like masterpieces, too, in that they are never twice the same. It is conceivable that on occasion the higher form of unselfishness, and certainly the more difficult to practise, may be to let one’s friends go empty handed and the garden stand untouched to be enjoyed in its beauty and com- pleteness by other friends and every passerby. Of course, the obvious practical solution, wherever space permits, is a roomy cutting bed full of all the blossoms people 45 usually love, but for those of us who count in inches rather than acres there is no such easy answer. Perhaps our readers, both gardening and garden-less, may throw sufficient light on this nagging little issue in garden ethics, which continually em- barrasses so many of us, to reduce it to a final negligibility. How would you answer this appeal? INTO THE OPEN LTHOUGH it may be of small comfort, there is, perhaps, some satisfaction in learning, over the signature of the Chairman of the Federal Horticultural Board himself, that the “general principle underlying Quarantine 37 is as rapidly as possible to make this country independent of foreign supplies, with the object of ultimately reaching a condition where entry of foreign plants will be limited to new plants and such plants as are not capable of production in the United States.” This is what many of us have suspected all along and that invoking a Quarantine order was simply camouflage. It has taken the Board a long time to come out into the open with an honest statement of the real purport of its rulings. Ina recent statement elsewhere Doctor Marlatt has also declared that “mere adornment of private estates is not a sufficient use of plants to warrant permission to import them by mail or any other way.” What in the name of horticulture does Doctor Marlatt think is a “‘sufficient use’ of plants? Is the Board deter- minedly starting out to oppose the adornment of grounds and hamper the development of the zsthetic sense and insist that all planting and cultivation of trees, shrubs, and plants in gen- eral shall be solely utilitarian and for economic necessity? The rules imposed by the Board and the restrictions, even when they are making what they are pleased to call “liberal interpretations, ’ are hampering to the action of individuals try- ing to import new plants, and indeed the method is so compli- cated that it is practically impossible for a private individual to import plant material of any sort. Even the dealer, the com- mercial horticulturist, cannot import for re-sale, only for prop- agation, and to guarantee his good faith has to file a bond to the effect that the material is for propagation and will not be distributed for a term of years. Such slight modification is obviously of no benefit to the ordinary individual and, it may be suggested, it is not the intention of the Board that it should be. Indeed the definite attitude of the Board as at present constituted is that zt alone, directly or through the Bureau of Plant Industry is to be the sole judge as to what new or scarce things may be imported. Thus the beginning of a dangerous centralization of bureaucratic power in the Bureau of Plant In- dustry of the Department of Agriculture that is un-American in principle. Individual or commercial initiative is prohibited without relation to any possible danger of admission of new in- sects or diseases. No word in the Act of August 20, 1912, creating the Federal Horticultural Board warrants such action. 46 The committee at large on Quarantine, appointed some time ago, has not been idle, although no public notice has been made of its work, and those of our readers who are interested may take this assurance that the committee is definitely at work and that some progress has been made which it. is hoped will lead ultimately to a sane and intelligent understanding and interpretation of what a quarantine is really for. The GARDEN Macazine asks its readers to write at once di- rectly to the Hon. Henry Wallace, Secretary of Agriculture, in protest, mot at a reasonable quarantine, but at the attitude of horticultural censorship assumed by the Federal Horticultural Board. MPORTANT SPRING FLOWER SHOWS to which attention is turned this month are to be held in Indianapolis, New York, and Boston. Indianapolis has welcomed the Fifth National Flower Show, after Cleveland was abandoned on account of the non-completion of the building. The original dates March 25 to April 1 are adhered to. The annual New York feature—the so-called “‘ International’”’—is fixed for March 13 to 19. The Massachusetts Horticultural Society announces a feature dis- play of Spring Flowering Bulbous Plants at its annual spring exhibition March 23 to 20. Tue AMERICAN IRIS SOCIETY announces its annual exhibition. to take place in New York June 3- ee D* WALTER VAN FLEET, universally regarded as the most famous plant breeder of America, whose productions in Roses and Gladiolus particularly are widely appreciated, died in Florida on January 29. Recently engaged with the Department of Agriculture, he was bringing to fruition the results of many crossings and hybridizations with Roses at Bell Station, Md. An account of this work appeared in THE GARDEN MAGAZINE for August, 1920. The first fruits of his recent work are just being introduced, the others yet to come will add to the account of our indebted- ness to his painstaking achievements. A pioneer always, his efforts in plant-raising looked ever to future possibilities, and he worked not in ringing the changes of already known things but by introducing new elements and new species into combinations. Most familiarly known to our readers through his Roses, particularly Dr. Van Fleet, Silver Moon, and Ameri- can Pillar there are to his credit in addition several Gladiolus, Strawberries, Raspberries, and other fruits; also his work on hybridization of disease-resisting Chestnuts just coming into effect. Some of his very latest productions are now being dis- tributed through the American Rose Society. Due to his intense affection for plant material Doctor Van Fleet was drawn from his original profession as a practicing physician and became the devoted pioneer and servant of the gardener. Chee YEARS AGO the name of James R. Pitcher was a household word on the lips of every gardener and plant lover in America, yet his passing away in New York recently was hardly noticed outside of a small circle of old-time horti- culturists. Always an enthusiastic plant lover and collector, he formed one of the richest collections of plants, especially Orchids, Palms, and Ferns at his home at Short Hills, N. J. Later, with a vision of expansive popular gardening in all suburbs he es- tablished the United States Nurseries, projected on a large scale and, as events perhaps proved, a little in advance of the times. Yet to-day we are reaping many results of Mr. Pitcher’s optimism and the modern gardening spirit gathered much mo- mentum from his enthusiasm. One tangible evidence is the fact that a dozen names of dominant firms and individuals in the industry at this moment got their feet on the ladder while with Pitcher & Manda at Short Hills. “He builded better than he knew.” The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 THE OPEN COLUMN, Readers’ Interchange of Experience and Comment The Iron Fetters of Quarantine 37 [Eprtors’ Note: Since the “mere adornment of private estates” is not regarded by the Federal Horticultural Board as sufficient use of plants to warrant permission to import them, gardeners apparently must in many instances depend upon the generosity and good will of their similarly op- pressed fellows to supply the desired material. YHE GARDEN MAGAZINE will gladly publish requests for such plants as are seemingly unattainable through the ordinary channels.| To the Editor of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: UARANTINE 37 links us all in the bond of fellowship. Your correspondent Mr. A. N. Smith, of Brooklyn, can get Helleborus niger and Pulmonaria from Bobbink & Atkins, and Muscari from Henry A. Dreer. [Both these dealers inform us they have no stock left.—Ep.] For the rest he must look to “the snow of yesteryear,” and if he finds what he seeks should pass the word along. This much is true, however; one of the oldest and largest seedsmen in the world is Vilmorin Andrieux & Co., of France, and they undoubtedly grow Chionodoxa, Galanthus, Scilla siberica, and Eranthis hyemalis. I have grown some rare plants from seed supplied by them. According to their com- prehensive work, “Les Fleurs de Pleine Terre,’ several of the bulbs desired can be reproduced from seed. This is true of Chionodoxa; it is the best means of propagating Eranthis hyemalis—though it is two years from seed to blossom. None of these are listed, commercially, but perhaps the famous old firm would heed a Macedonian cry; and Obstruction 37 does not apply to seed!—Cuar.es J. BAYNE, Macon, Ga. [The regular seed trade here would handle orders for import, as the firm named does only a wholesale business in this country main- taining an agency here.—Ep.| To the Editor of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: AN any one tell where in this country I can obtain Christmas and Lenten Roses and their varieties? I am very anxious to build up a collection but am finding great difficulty in doing this in view of the fact that the F. H. B. does not allow them to be imported. A number of possible sources suggested have been tried with negative results.—V. E. Harrison, Cleveland, Ohio. Pleas Peonies that Please » To the Editor of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: N 1909 I had the pleasure of visiting Mrs. Sarah A. Pleas’s Peony garden near Spiceland, Indiana, and saw her famous varieties of Elwood Pleas, Opal, Mad. Pleas, Queen of -Pleasance, Lady Emily, Joseph Griffin, Multiflora, Mrs. Barrett, and others, which | procured later. The Peony Mrs. Barrett is, I believe, owned by few—the blooms hang longest of any for me; tall and stately; 5 to 70n a stem, unevenly clouded pink and lighter; stamens beautifully intermingled. Who has her large sized, single Wild Rose? She sent me two.—(Mrs.) Cora JEWELL, Darlington, Ind. Why We Grow Balsam To the Editor of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: De you ever grow a long row of Touch-me-nots in your garden? Wasn’t it a joy? Yes, of course, ] mean Balsam, but Touch-me- not was its name when I first knew it, years and years ago, in my grand- mother’s garden. The old plants were smali—about twelve inches at their very best, a single stalk, straight up, and with little white, pink or purple flowers, set close to the stem, almost covered by foliage, fading nearly as quickly as Morning-glories, and going to seed immediately. They probably took their name of Touch-me-not from the way the little yellow seed pods curl up in one’s hand at a touch. How different are the new and improved varieties! A ten- cent package of Balsam seed, from a good seed house, was planted at the usual time, along with the other annuals in the seed bed, for in this garden all annuals are transplanted. When the seedling Balsams appeared in due course they were not, however, removed to the flower garden as there was already an over abundance of other more favored flowers. But, after a severe drouth, many of the favored things were found dead, so the Touch-me-nots were brought to the garden to fill the The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 vacancies. We filled a large triangular bed also, but soon discovered that they were not for bedding, but looked well in borders and as single plants, or in small groups. When they bloomed the colors, in many instances, were inharmonious as the plants had been set out in a hit-and-miss fashion. Then it was that we found out their wonderfully accommodating nature, for we literally pulled them up like weeds and put them to rights, plants full grown and in full bloom. We rearranged them to please our sense of color, choosing a rainy afternoon for the somewhat ruthless performance. They never even wilted, but went right on growing and blooming! Now we are enthusiastic about Balsam, and for so many reasons. It is a trim and tidy plant, foliage graceful and of good quality, it displays a long range of colors, from daintiest shell pink to the brilliant “pink” of an English hunting coat; from palest lilac to deepest royal purple; white and also mottled. The flowers are two inches across, often larger in specially grown and cultivated plants, and fragrant; the period of bloom is longer than with most annuals, lasting from four to five weeks. We put a row across the foot of our Ever-bearing Strawberry patch— fifty feet—using only seventeen plants, most of which grew from two to two and a half feet tall. When potted, a single plant of double Balsam in full bloom is as lovely as any Azalea from the florist, and all who see it exclaim at its beauty.—Emma L. Morris, Madison, Tenn. A Topsy-Turvy Calendar To the Editor of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: ITH interest I have noted different articles you have had on occa- sion in the magazine relative to unusual flowering times of plants. We have a camp in Colorado at an altitude of 9500 feet. Darwin Tulips bloom there approximately August first, German Iris from the first to the middle of August, and common meadow Daisies the last of August and the first of September. The colors of the Iris and Tulip blossoms are deeper than in this part of the country (i. e., Kansas City, Mo.) The Daisies grow over three feet tall and are fully as large as Shasta Daisies that grow here, though, as I said above, they are only the ordinary field variety. In Colorado we have also Pansy plants—some of them seven years old—that produce a profusion of blooms of immense size. One gets tired of gathering blossoms from even a half dozen plants. Last summer my wife and | picked three hundred and twenty-five fully opened flowers from six plants at one time and the next day there were apparently almost that many more—C. H. BENToN, Kansas City, Mo. A Tool that I Find Useful To the Editor of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: THER readers may be interested in a new tool that was first brought to my attention last fall. The New Porcupine Cultivator produces a fine dust mulch with the least effort; generally two strokes forward and two pulls back are sufficient to put the roughest soil in the Es THE NEW PORCUPINE CULTIVATOR IN ACTION best of shape. Every push puts a score of teeth into the soil, and the tool itself is heavy enough to assure the sinking into the soil of the teeth or spikes, so that all the muscular power can be devoted to the back and forward movement.—A. VINTON, New York. 47 “CA Barrel of Rhubarb” To the Editor of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: (OFAEN I have noted my neighbors using half barrels to force their Rhubarb, so having an empty flour barrel last spring, | knocked the bottom out and placed it over a clump of Rhubarb with the result here ‘3 3 4 ‘ ea A SIMPLE AND EFFICACIOUS FORCING These stalks of Rhubarb measure two feet and over shown. The longest stalks measured twenty-six inches and the ma- jority were twenty-four inches long. The barrel was placed over the plant April 1st and removed May 8th, and at the time of placing I dug in a small quantity of poultry manure-—GEoRGE OAKES STODDARD, Newtonville, Mass. Sweet-peas Can be Transplanted! To the Editor of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: HAvE you ever transplanted Sweet-peas? Perhaps you have wished you could but, on mentioning the undertaking, have been discouraged by over-wise friends! On a certain April 1st, a sudden upheaval landed me in a different section of the city, and my Peas with their running start of a month and a half—in Seattle, Sweet-peas are planted either in the fall or in February—must they, indeed, be left behind? Turning a deaf ear to the chorus of “Oh, no, you can’t transplant them, they won’t grow”’ —“Once the roots are disturbed, the plants die” —‘‘Never heard of anybody’s doing it, and there’s not a chance,” | carefully inserted a spade under a small portion of the row at a time, taking par- ticular pains to go deep enough and not break the roots, which burrow to a most amazing depth—lifted earth and plants together into a large shallow box, then repeated the performance until I had all on board. The box was carried to the new home and here the plants were at once set in prepared ground, care being taken that the roots were not at any time left exposed. From the very start these Sweet-peas were as happy in the change as their owner; they soon raced for the top of the wire netting, and I saw no others all season more flourishing than mine.—INEz FRAsER, Seattle, Wash. Fuchsias in California To the Editor of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: N THE article of the series of “Talks and Walks at Breeze Hill,” which appeared in your September issue reference is made to the Fuchsia and I am pleased to learn of Mr. McFarland’s in- terest in this wonderful flower, and have taken the liberty of send- ing some specimens of both single and double flowers produced here at Berkeley. In all, | have about twenty-five varieties which are quite representative of the various forms and colors of leaves and flowers, and special markings and venations of the leaves. The Fuchsia is especially adapted to the Bay Region (San Francisco) because of the fairly equable climate and absence of excessive extremes of temperature. It does not do so well in the very hot or cold interior regions. You may be surprised to learn that I am growing twenty-two varieties in a space seventy feet long by less than three feet wide on the north of the residence, and with a Pittosporum hedge on one side. It 48 is my intention to train these plants to form pyramidal trees, 5-6 feet high, by pruning and training leaders. The Fuchsia does not receive the recognition that is due it, perhaps because it is so common and grows so luxuriantly where conditions are favorable. It lends itself very readily to hybridization, new varieties exhibiting every possible gradation in color of flowers and variations in color, texture, venation, and forms of leaves. I have seen Fuchsias climbing into trees for a distance of twenty feet and more. | hope that my innovation will tend to foster a greater interest in the Fuchsia, and serve to raise it again to the pedestal it once occupied. The plant favors almost a fully shaded location, rich, well-drained soil, with plenty of leaf-mold, plenty of moisture, and a cool atmosphere. It can be grown to advantage in the greenhouse under conditions ap- proximating as closely as possible those I have described. It will not stand wind. The superintendent of the Monterey Tree Company, at Monterey, California, 1s doing considerable hybridizing with Fuchsias, and claims to have the largest collection of new varieties in the country. I have been threatening to do a little hybridizing myself, but my place is hardly large enough, and-I never seem to find the time, because of other duties.—A. M. Woopman, Berkeley, Cal. What Plants Really Grow Well Indoors? To the Editor of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: HE purpose of this letter is to commend the article, ““When the Gardener Builds His Home,” by Estelle H. Ries, as an extremely practical and inspiring group of suggestions. Now, can someone fol- low up with names and results of plants suitable for the modern home? We all know that the home to-day, with dry heated air, is not fitted for the growth of window plants which grew well for our grandmothers in the days of open wood fires. I object to the Lilies in the picture on page 243 (January issue) as they were flowered in a greenhouse and brought in to be photographed. I want plants that grow well, flower well, and look well in the living-room windows near the radiators, the winter through. This is a subject for real investigation STEPHEN F. HAMBLIN, Lexington, Mass. Growing Exhibition Chrysanthemums Outdoors To the Editor of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: ERHAPS some of your readers would like to know how exhibition 4 Chrysanthemums can be grown outdoors with very little trouble and without the aid of a greenhouse. Like everyone else, | once believed that the small Hardy and Pompon varieties were the only really satisfactory outdoor kind, but | longed for the big fellows. None of the garden books told how to do it, so I started to experiment about five years ago to see just how large they would grow. Two years later, | grew one seven inches across with a five-foot stem. This took the prize at New Rochelle and all my trouble was paid for when the judge, a well-known commercial grower, at first refused to give the award for it because he believed it could not have been grown outdoors. Last year in one day | picked four dozen six- inch flowers with stems over four feet long. Why not order a few plants for your garden this year? If planted during the first three weeks of May, they wil. bloom during October and on until November 15th or thereabouts. When they arrive, place them eighteen inches apart each way in a well-manured bed. If you have it, sprinkle about a tablespoonful of bonemeal inside the hole before planting. Firm the soil around the plant with foot, then water to fill up all air spaces, Place one-inch sticks six feet long at side of plant immediately, as setting later injures the roots. The fall winds exert heavy pressure against full-grown plants, so tie the string tightly to stick and loosely around plant every foot of growth. Practically no growth will show for four weeks. As soon as plants are nine inches high pinch off tip. This will make about six side shoots grow. Keep pinching off all side growth on these six branches, and do not let any buds develop before September roth. Ifa bud develops at the end of these branches before that date, pinch it off and let one side shoot just below grow. After September roth let the first bud that comes at the end of these branches grow, removing all others. Once each week until root growth is far advanced, cultivate the sur- face of the ground to kill weeds and produce a dust mulch that will conserve moisture. After cultivating, pour about a cupful of liquid manure at the base of each plant. Make liquid manure as follows: place one cupful of pulverized sheep manure or fresh chicken manure in a four-gallon watering can from which the sprinkler has been removed, allow water to run in slowly while vigorously stirring. After Septem- ber 1oth, apply this twice each week. The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 On October 1st erect a light wooden framework so that a cloth can be tacked or thrown on the top. This is called a frost screen. As frost never moves sideways but settles straight down, the cloth above the Chrysanthemums will protect them and they will live until it actually freezes. It is well to brace the framework with guy ropes, so that the fall winds will not blow it over. : Varieties that have given me big blooms are Unaka, Chieftain, Nerissa, Calumet, Ramapo, Jos. Foley, Pres. John Everitt, Elberon, Nakota, Chrysolora, Goldsmith, Dick Witterstaetter. The above method is really not so difficult to practice as it reads. Many of my friends have tried it with success and are now confirmed Chrysanthemum chasers. I wish everyone could have the pleasure these flowers have given me!—WILLIAM CurRIE, New York. Anent Delphinium Nudicaule To the Editor of GARDEN MAGAZINE: ee! Delphinium nudicaule is not common in England, Julian Hinckley is right in assuming. It is possible to grow it there even in a border, but I never found a plant survive the winter outdoors. It certainly is not dormant in the summer, for seedlings carried over in a frame flower the following summer but, as stated, that is the end of them. How it. behaves on a rockery I have no knowledge. It is shown on rockery exhibits at the shows but, in such cases, the plants are pot-grown. And as to D. Zalil—times out of number | tried to raise this in England without result. Further, I have no recollection of ever seeing it exhibited, and I have attended hundreds of shows. Like Mr. Hinck- ley, I look upon D. Zalil as a myth. D. nudicaule is more or less a freak; compared with Blue Butterfly it is a poor weed.—T. A. W., N. Y. A Neighbor Who Wants to Know To the Editor of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: | AM greatly indebted for the two letters on Grapes in THE OPEN Cotumn. I find this column year in and year out to have the great- est amount of human interest, to me, at least. May I ask Mr. Seymour if cow manure makes only leaves on a Grapevine? We have some as big as a pie plate. Why do Larkspurs—perennial ones with big white bees,in three lovely shades of blue—show distorted petals with a yellowish gum under- neath and blackened flowerstalks? I’ve tried lime and flowers of sul- phur but no improvement resulted. [Nobody knows how to handle the ‘‘Blacks”’ disease.—Ep.] Why do Dahlias fertilized with bone-meal show leaves mottled with light green? Can I use Bordeaux mixture to advantage? I’ve found no insects, and have over a hundred plants. | lost three beauties over winter: Conquest; Homer, a chocolate red, incurved, very deep- quilled; and Gwendolyn Tucker, pale pink with flat golden centre, quilled petals, 7 inches across, and little pink florets curled around the golden heart. Does anyone know where | can purchase these varie- ties? J find the mottling of lighter green and tendency to turn yellow more pronounced on my new California Dahlias, of which I received sixteen from a friend; American and Copper have already bloomed for me. In Roses, | had Wm. R. Smith, Souv. de Gustave Prat, Kaiserin Augusta Victoria and Willowmere in bloom about May 15th last year, and I am trying good old Catherme Mermet and Isabella Sprunt this year to see if, though ungrafted, they can hold their own. The yellowest Rose I have actually seen (and, Mr. McFarland, | dislike a whopper as much as you do!) is Golden Emblem; I wonder why yellow Roses, and yellow Chrysanthemums are apt to winter- kill? Duchess of Wellington is particularly likely to do so, it seems. —C. A. G., New York. Midsummer Perennials in Abundance To the Editor of YHE GARDEN MAGAZINE: iS THE September issue Mrs. Caraway inquires about midsummer bloomers. It is certainly a problem to extend the glorious spring and early summer show of flowers into the later months without using annuals, and I have found July and August more difficult to fill than September and October. -You give a long list of late bloomers with most of whom | have a garden acquaintance, and perhaps some notes of my experiences with them may prove helpful. Last summer (1921) my best July show was given by perennials not mentioned. in early July nothing, in my opinion, makes a more im- pressive appearance than the Yucca. [| have it bordering a drive where The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 the great spires of white bells attract every eye. Unfortunately it does not last much more than two weeks unless one has a great many plants. Its foliage, however, is always good, summer and winter. I wish it were a freer bloomer; I never have had even half of my plants in flower at the same time, but perhaps eventually I may succeed better in at- taining an unbroken row of flower stems. A plant giving a longer season of bloom and one excellent for cutting is Hemerocallis Thunbergii, a special favorite of mine. This closely resembles the old-fashioned Lemon Lily which blooms in June. It CLIMBING HELIOTROPE ROYAL HIGHNESS {n southern California sometimes reaching as high as the second story; lovely in combination with either pink or yellow Rambler Roses has the same color and delightful scent, but is taller in growth and blooms a month later. I have many clumps and had quantities of flowers all through July, cutting the last about the tenth of August. The Tiger Lily, especially the form splendens which grows more than five feet high, is well worth a place in the border; it is so easy to grow and so much more reliable than most Lilies. Hollyhocks are a stand-by for the July garden, and they will last even into September if old stalks are cut down and some fertilizer sup- plied. I am glad to see that more attention is now being paid to se- curing a better color range. White and shades of red aré universally grown, but I am sure some wonderful combinations of color could be obtained. I had in my own garden this year a plant bearing double scalloped blooms of deep cream shaded to pink in centre, a unique and beautiful combination. It has Newport pink for a neighbor on one side, and I mean to plant double yellow and double black at the other side and see what my neighbor’s bees, who summer in my garden, will pre- sent me with in the second generation. 49 In August nothing in my garden gives me more satisfaction than the Funkia subcordata. There are great clumps of it under the north windows of the bungalow and from among the luxuriant, handsome foliage, stem after stem of waxen white Lilies appears and sends its de- licious perfume through the dining-room windows with every breeze. The blooming season covers the full month of August. The new giant Mallows are very fine; a pity each bloom only lasts the one day. The plants are for background, growing tall as shrubs. Among lower growers suitable for masses, Platycodon (Balloon- flower) in blue and white, and Stokes’ Aster are near the head of the list. Both can be readily grown from seed, and are as suitable for beds as many of the annuals. The shrubby Clematis, both Davidiana and recta, are fine in groups, and I want to speak a good word for Helenium autumnale rubrum which, surrounded with late white Phlox and feathered down with white and primrose Snapdragons, makes a bold and attractive feature in early September. But one is in danger of proving a bore if enthusiasm about the garden is allowed full sway. There really is plenty of material for each month among the perennials.—AmeELIa H. BoTsForD, Edgemore, Del. Good and Bad Points of Some Yellow Perennials To the Editor of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: O answer Mr. Hinckley’s question in the November magazine: Helianthus angustifolius has not shown the slightest tendency to sucker out in my garden. It will multiply by volunteer seedlings, which, of course, are easily hoed up if they are not wanted. To judge by my experience this year, however, I should recommend transplanting these seedlings when they are 3 or 4 inches high until enough are provided to give the desired display in October. Then if the original plants tend to become too large they can be dug up. Pinching back the seedling when it has grown about 18 inches will make a symmetrical, bushy plant by blooming time, perhaps 3 or 4 feet high. !t is not necessary to have 7-foot plants with 500 flower heads to a plant, if that would be too much of a good thing. With a little practice the plants can be grown to fit the space available. I agree that the old-fashioned chicken-fence annual, Helianthus annuus, is “oppressive,” but certainly H. angustifolius has nothing in common with that species beyond the generic name and the fact that the ray flowers are yellow. Although Mr. Hinckley has found that the perennial species give him “only a few days of glory,” my plants began to bloom late in September, and some of the seedlings that I had trans- planted twice were still carrying perfect flowers November 15th. I sympathize with Mr. Hinckley’s complaint about Coreopsis—it requires even more manicuring than a Privet hedge. But wouldn’t a continuous performance such “as Coreopsis will give, with no fading flowers to remove, be an almost impossible combination? My Helianthus comes pretty near it; for although, of course, the ray flowers lose their freshness before they drop, the intermediate stage is not so unattractive as to require cutting. I have grown Helenium and admire it, but I find the same objection to it as to Coreopsis—the flowers soon become dingy and need to be removed. Thunberg’s Day-lily (Hemerocallis Thunbergi) was still blooming for me in October, 1921, and is a late yellow perennial that I have grown for several years without finding a de- fect. It requires a dozen plants or more to make much of a display, but is easily multiplied by division of the roots in spring. A good companion for it is the Wilson Monkshood (Aconitum Wilsoni), described in THE GARDEN MAGAzINE a few years ago. This grows taller than the Day-lily but blooms at about the same time and has a season extending over a month or more. Its deep lavender and the deep yellow of the Day-lily make a pleasing contrast, and both thrive in partial shade.—BeRNARD H. Lane, Washington, D. C. How Deep Does a Mole Go? To the Editor of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: E WANT to build a new picket fence around our garden and will have a concrete wall under it instead of a base board. How deep must we make this wall to keep the moles out of the gardenr—W. A. SuHaror, Hamilton, Obio. 50 The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 TAKING THE CHILDREN OFF THE STREETS New York’s Avenue A Gardens with Rockefeller Institute in the background WHAT ARE THE AVENUE A GARDENS? Ev = EW New Yorkers and fewer visitors to New York ever He, see Avenue A. It is not a bit like Avenue 5, better known as Fifth Avenue. The magnificent shops and ; residences which line the latter are replaced on Avenue A by coalyards, machine shops, ex-breweries, things of that sort, and tenements, especially tenements. The side streets which cross Avenue A reek with tenements. And wherever there are tenements there are children—lots of children. Those children, such of them as survive in their surroundings, are going to be American citizens. What kind of American citizens they are going to be depends largely upon what they are doing with themselves now. If their play-time, in New York or in any other city, is spent in the streets or backyards, left to their own devices and bad suggestion, it’s a fair wager they. won’t turn out very well. Almost all children like to havea try at gardening. Whether they keep on liking to garden depends a good deal on the success of their early experiments. When once they see something of their own planting beginning to grow, the liking is established and that child has acquired an interest in life which is far more promising for its future than stoning cats, robbing fruit-stands, or corner loafing. The gardens are located on grounds loaned by the Rockefeller Institute at Sixty-fifth Street. When the Plant, Flower and Fruit Guild undertook this venture the three city blocks had been a dumping ground for the builders of the Institute. The boys of the neighborhood were organized to clear the ground of the mass of sticks and stones. A neighboring stableman gave the gardens the needed fertilizer. Six hundred gardens, each 5 x 10 feet, were mapped out for the children. Besides these there were community plots for bigger crops on shares, and plots for families. A woman superintendent and a man gardener attend to the organization, instruction, and supervision. The children who have had a year’s experience are enlisted to show the beginners; both mutual help and the spirit of competition do much to produce results. The applicants are more numerous than the plots and there is always a long waiting-list. Every city in the United States might profitably establish sim- ilar gardens. Examples of the gardens with the child gardeners at work will be shown at the National Flower Show at the Grand Central Palace, March 13th to 19th. Members of the Plant, Flower and Fruit Guild will be in charge to give informa- tion to those interested. Naturale it takes money to carry on an institution like the Avenue A gardens. Salaries of the supervisors must be paid, tools, seeds, and sets provided and other disbursements met. Ten dollars takes care of the upkeep of a garden and insures that a poor, city child will have wholesome occupation and a new interest in life which is pretty sure to prove enduring. Donors may give what names they select to the garden or gardens they endow. THE GARDEN MAGaAzine has provided for Garden Magazine Garden Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Mrs. Cart Petrascu, New York City, for The Ann and Jerry Garden Mrs. CHARLES F, Mayer, Katonah. N. Y., for The Esther Garden The Elizabeth Garden Mrs. Monroe DoucLAs Rosinson, New York City, for The My Mother Garden Mrs. WILt1AM Perkins Draper, New York City, for A garden not yet named Mrs. SetH Low, Bedford Hills, N. Y., for The Mary Garden Mrs. F. N. DouBLepbaAy, Oyster Bay, N. Y., for The Alice in Wonderland Garden The Burroughs Garden Mr. F. N. DousBLepAy, Oyster Bay, N. Y., for The Horace Garden The Florence Garden The Kipling Garden The Mowgli Garden The Kim Garden The Mulvaney Garden The King Arthur Garden The Guinevere Garden The Lancelot Garden Mr. ArTHUR W. PAGE, Garden City, N. Y., for The William Robinson Garden Mr. Netson DousiepAy, Garden City, N. Y., for The Frederick Law Olmsted Garden Tue Beprorp (N. Y.) GARDEN CLuB for Four gardens not yet named THE GARDEN MAGAZINE hopes to print. in its April issue a much longer list of acknowledgments. Checks for ten dollars or multiples of that amount, may be sent payable to the order of Avenue A Gardens Fund, THE GARDEN MAGAZINE, Garden City, N. Y., and will be acknowledged in the next issue going to press after receipt. Contributions will also be received by the Plant, Flower and Fruit Guild, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City. HE firm of Peter Hender- son & Co. was founded in 1847 and the 76 years of suc- cessful seed-raising and selling that is behind every package of Henderson’s seeds should and does make them the best that it is possible to buy. In your grandfather’s day, Henderson’s was the standard by which other seeds were judged, and the same condition exists in 1922. Our methods of seed- testing, which were the best three generations ago, have been improved upon from year to year and are to-day still the best. The unknown quantity in your garden is the quality of the seeds you plant, and you cannot be too careful in seeing that you obtain the best procurable. The most critical of all plant- Since 1847 ers in the choice of their seeds are market- gardeners or truck-farmers. Perhaps the best endorsement of the quality of Henderson’s seeds is the fact that Peter Henderson & Co. supply a larger number of professional growers than any other seed house in the world. The very existence of these men depends upon their rece ving the best quality of seeds. That Peter Henderson & Co. are easily pre-eminent in the professional growing field is the best endorsement of Henderson’s seeds that can be given. Hen- derson’s seeds are tested seeds. **Everything for the Garden”’ is the title of our annual catalogue. It is really a book of 176 pages, replete with garden information, 16 color plates, and over a thousand half tones, direct from photographs, showing actual results without exaggeration. | Special Introductory Offer To demonstrate the superiority of Henderson’s Tested Seeds, we have made up a Henderson Collection, consisting of one packet each of the following six great specialties: Ponderosa Tomato Big Boston Lettuce White Tipped Scarlet Radish Henderson’s Invincible Asters Henderson’s Brilliant Mixture Poppies Spencer Mammoth Waved Sweet Peas In order to obtain the largest possible distribution for our annual catalogue, ‘‘Everything for the Garden,”’ we make the following unusual offer: Mail us 10c and we will send you the catalogue, together with this remarkable ‘“‘Henderson’s Specialty Collection.” Every Empty Envelope Counts as Cash This collection is enclosed in a coupon envelope which, when emptied and returned, will be accepted as a 25c cash payment on any order for seeds, plants or bulbs amounting to one dollar, or over. Peter Henderson & Co. 35-37 Cortlandt Street New York City Pree Gel LO hUtINS ak cetcctachal Peter Henderson & Co. 35-37 Cortlandt St., New York City be) son’s Specialty Collection, advertised in The Garden Magazine. I enclose herewith 10c, for which send catalogue and ‘‘Hender- with complete cultural directions as 51 The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 52 GENUINE “PHILADELPHIA” LAWN MOWERS Strength ervice Satisfaction MOST UP-TO-DATE, MOST COMPLETE and HIGHEST GRADE LAWN MOWERS MADE 18 Styles Hand Mowers 4 Styles Horse Mowers 2 Styles Motor Mowers ‘PHILADELPHIA A MOWER FOR EVERY PURPOSE— KNOWN ALL OVER THE WORLD Original people in the Lawn Mower business Established in 1869 OVER FIFTY-THREE YEARS DOING ONE THING WELL If your dealer cannot supply you, write us direct CATALOGUE AND PRICES ON REQUEST The Philadelphia Lawn Mower Company 31st and CHESTNUT STREETS PHILADELPHIA, U. S. A. LESLIE E. DOOLITTLE’S DAHLIAS AT DEL MONTE Be aa Won The Highest Award WE HAVE THE CLIMATE! WE HAVE THE SOIL! I SPECIALIZE IN IRIS! My new comprehensive 40 page catalogue de- scribes in detail upwards of 200 distinct species and yarieties, including the best of the famous Foster, Bliss, Hort and Yeld Irises, with a valuable treatise on “‘Iris for the Garden’ by A. J. Bliss, extensive articles dealing with Iris culture, selecting, grouping and color classifica- tion, etc. Are these varieties familiar to you? Dominion; Angelo; Ann Page; Ambassadeur; Asia; Lady Foster; Lord of June; Lent A. Walliamson; Magnifica; Mile. Schwartz; Gaudi chau; Hoogiana; Korolkowi; Susi- ana. I grow them all; they mean the finest and best in Iris. I also grow a host of the cheaper, old garden favorites. If interested in Iris ask for a copy. T will sell Iris xoots during MARCH and APRIL (not later) 0. M. PUDOR A Lover of Tris PUYALLUP, WASH. (In the famous Valley of the Mountain) : The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 57 ee ETETETO_e_cccccccceccccccT MOA You MAKE $1.00 Do the WORK of $3.00 Every Rose Lover Will Take Advantage of This Offer Every Rose lover intends to get at least $2.00 worth of Roses this spring. Buy them through the American Rose Society and your $3.00 mem- bership in that great organization will cost you only $1.00, provided your application is received before May 1, 1922. This is no Puzzle It is perfectly clear and easy. You begin by sending $3.00 to The American Rose Society, John C. Wister, Secretary, 606 Finance Building, Desk G, Philadelphia, Penna. You will get promptly the A. R. S. $2.00 Rose Coupon This coupon will be accepted as cash by several of America’s foremost rose-growers in payment for $2.00 worth of Rose bushes (or other plants), your own choice, to be selected from their 1922 catalogues. For the remaining §1.00 Mr. Wister, Sec’y, will send to you @ $3.00 membership in A. R. 8. with all the privileges below. Full Membership Privileges which for new members joining before May 1, 1922, will include For But = The American Rose Annual for 1922 A splendidly illustrated book of 200 pages, giving interesting stories of rose progress and the achieve- ments of American amateur rose growers, This book is supplied to members only. The 1922 issue will be ready about March tst. The Members’ Handbook supplements the Annual with much valuable inform- ation about Roses, and gives a complete list of mem- bers so you can find rose-lovers in your neighborhood. Ready about September 1, 1922. A Card of Membership admitting you free to all rose shows in which the Society formally takes part. Get All This Advice From Research Committee Members can secure advice from a committee of Rose experts about varieties, cultivation, insects, diseases, habits, color, and other characteristics of all known Roses. All of these will be given to new members who join before May 1, 1922. Send your name, address, and check for $3.00 payable and directed to The American Rose Society Joun C. WisTER, Secretary 606 Finance Building,Desk G, Philadelphia, Penna. The coupon good for $2.00 worth of Rose bushes (or other plants) and the Membership Card will be sent to you at once. The Rose Annual and the Handbook will be forwarded as soon as published. Hil uN, Have a Little Fruit Garden of Your Own PEAR PEACH PLUM CHERRY $1.00 to $1.50 each With warm spring sun, you'll just hanker to plant something; and the first place you'll think of will be that empty space in your garden. Our dwarfed fruit trees, fresh-dug and re- set on your place, will make your fruit-garden dreams come true. Three or four summers after planting the dwarf trees will be fruiting. Z ee Aes oad we Planted 3 years Planted 7 years These trees not only fruit very quickly, but may be planted as close as ten or twelve feet apart; and though the trees are dwarfed, the fruit is generally finer and larger! ; The following reports show what dwarf trees are doing: 32 peaches from a tree planted two years, 75 peaches the following year: nearly a bushel of Elberta peaches from a four year tree; two and one half bushels of Stay- man Winesap apples froma tree planted five years; one barrel of McIntosh apples from a tree planted seven years; one four year quince matured 12 large fruits, the largest 14 ounces, besides 20 thinned out before maturity; 14 Bartlett pears from a three year tree; one and a half bushels of Clapp pears from a tree planted five years. WHICH WOULD YOU RATHER HAVE? Four Kinds Nine Kinds? Ordinary Trees or Dwarf Trees? Two Unsolicited Testimonials “This season all of my dwarf apple trees were a great success. As people were walking along we overheard them discussing how such apples could . grow on bushes and some of them came to us to ask if they were really apples. Truly the little trees were a sight. Winter Banana, Bismark, Twenty Ounce, etc., were so loaded with large and beautiful fruit, that I had to brace nearly every limb.” “The dwarf Japan Dream peach you sold me in 1918 had 32 peaches last year, 75this year—and the dwarf Champion peach has 44 fruits this year.” Complete Catalogue Free THE VAN DUSEN NURSERIES C. C. McKay, Mer. Box G. Geneva, N. Y. 58 >A NRS EMM MMMM NMOL UOMO UAT NUNC NUT Cedar Acres Gladioli Known as “Bulbs That Bloom” The World Over A strong claim, to be sure, but one that we can prove! Tracy Gladioli have brought gladness to hearts of garden lovers in far away Japan, Russia, in Africa, and Australia. In America ; the name Tracy has stood for the utmost in Gadiolus reliability for over a quarter century! Some of the New Varieties You'll Value WHITE WONDER, Pure White, $15.00 per dozen. PINK WONDER, (Kemp) Pure Pink, $15.00 per dozen. CRIMSON GLOW, (Betscher) Deep Scarlet, $5.00 per dozen. DAYBREAK, (Tracy) Salmon Pink, $3.00 per dozen. DAWN, (Tracy) Coral Pink, $2.00 per dozen. New Orchid-Flowering Primulinus Hybrids will appeal particularly to those in search of delicate colors and For over thirty years the founder of this business has worked on the development of the Gladiolus race. Tracy Hybrids in this class equal the dainty forms. choicest obtainable anywhere! We shall send collection of 25 bulbs for $1.25, postpaid. 100 for $5.00, express pre- paid. Any one of the collection worthy of a name. If you love flowers you'll love the Primulinus Hybrids. And Tracy Dahlias, Too We champion the Dahlia as a garden flower, rather than an object for exhibition. The old proven stand-bys with the newer free-flowering kinds in all classes make up our collection. Please afford our free catalogue an opportunity to acquaint you with all we offer. B. HAMMOND TRACY, Inc., Box 32, Wenham, Mass. The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 What's More Enchanting Than a Rus- tic Summer House, Like the one pictured here in asecluded nook of your garden; especi- ally if seen through a vista of Rustic Pergola or approach over ra- vine or brook bridged by a charming Rustic Structure? Jersey Keystone Rustic Work PERGOLAS FENCES AND GATES TABLES AND CHAIRS SUMMER HOUSES TRELLISES FLOWER BOXES BRIDGES SETTEES Write for handsome illustrated catalogue. Designs and estimates submitted wpon request. JERSEY KEYSTONE WooD Co. 219 East Hanover St. Trenton Nae The Little Wonder Hedge Trimmer Revolutionizes Hedge Trimming. Trims every variety grown. Cuts from five to ten times as fast as by hand and makes a more even cut. Operates so easy that women operate them. ‘ An amateur becomes expert with very little practice. WVar- ious adjustments and attachments suit it to very shape of hedge and cut desired. In use on hundreds of the largest estates in the country and highly recommended by all. Harrison, N. Y. Gentlemen:—Your “Little Wonder’ Hedge Trimmer does not only as good work as we formerly did by hand shears, but we keep our hedges in much better shape because of being able to trim them often and we succeeded in cutting in about three hours what it form- erly took us three days to do by hand. Wishing you the success your machine so well merits, I am, Harmon Avucusr Price, $27.50, prepaid, East of Mississippi Price, 30.00, prepaid, West of Mississippi Built for practical use, is mechanically perfect and made of the best materials. Nothing to get out of order. With resonable care will last a lifetime. Guaranteed for one year. Weighs sixteen pounds. Complete instructions accompany each machine. Sold by leading dealers. Write to-day, enclosing check, and we will ship your machine at once. References and circulars on request. John C. Dettra Machine Company Oaks, Montgomery Co., Penna, The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 New Giant Zinnias ACH year sees an increased number of Zinnias in well planned gardens. They are easily grown, uniformly tall, and are blended with tints and shades that for subdued coloring are unsurpassed. Achievement is noted for its enormous flowers and queer petals—like those of cactus dahlias at the tips. Packet 25 cts. postpaid. Giant Picotee-flowered is distinguished by the peculiar color markings at the tips of the petals. In a variety of colors. Packet 15 cts. postpaid You should learn about these splendid blooms and see them in color on our 1922 catalogue, which we send with each order. Forbes 1922 Catalogue Tells you about our new varieties for the vegetable garden—Coreless Carrot, Des Moines Squash, Many- fold Tomato, and the new things for the flower garden. All of them are well worth knowing; send for the catalogue to-day. Alexander Forbes & Co. 111 Mulberry St., i. Newark New Jersey Ly Ouns of s Ye , CaSUr You are ready for the greater pleasure of your next garden, planted with S. & H. high-quality shrubs, trees, plants, vines, flower and vege- table seeds, the product of 68 years of skilled culture. ACH pleasant hour you spent in your garden last summer brought you closer to your ideal garden. You are now keener in ap- preciation of fine strains, better able to choose wisely. Be sure to send tonight for our new catalog. THE SUORNSnARISON Seedsmen Nurserymen Box 163 Painesville, Ohio Attraction. Hybrid Cactus, large flowers, of soft lavendar with long, stiff stems. A great favorite for cutting. One of the best of all Dahlias. 75c each. Crystal. Cactus. The best Dahlia on the market for vase decora- tion. A clear, soft pink makes a dainty bouquet when combined with Delphiniums, Maidenhair ferns, etc. 75c¢ each. Jonkeer Boreel. Holland Hybrid Cactus. No Dahlia has more fine qualities than Jonkeer. Color a brilliant orange, glistening with golden sheen. Arrange this Dahlia with Delphiniums or Helvetias and you have a stunning effect. $1.50 each. Latona. The ideal peony flowered Dahlia. A Holland introduction of superior merit. An unusual combination of yellow and burnt orange. Flowers of beautiful form on strong stems. $1.00 each. George Walters. MWybrid Cactus. A rich salmon intermingled with old gold. One of Dahliadom’s most popular flowers for exhibition or garden. $1.00 each. Mrs. Warner. Hybrid Cactus. Perfect flowers of soft white flushed with pink. Unexcelled for cutting or garden. $1.00 each. Collection of these six Favorites, $5.00 postpaid. ANOTHER GOOD COLLECTION Kalif. Large redCactus of perfect form. 75¢ each. Mme. Henri Cayeux. Large Cactus. Color is rich pink tipped white. 35¢ each. Diemont Von Bystein. Peony. A unique shade of deep blue- lilac. 50c each. F.R.Austin. Large Peony. One of the finest in this class. A charm- ing combination of rich yellow with salmon and red shadings. soc each. Mina Burgle. Red Decorative. A Dahlia that is popular every- where. 25c each. Maud Adams. Show. Pure snowy white witha pink flush. Great for cutting or for garden. 50c each. Collection of these six Dahlias, $2.00 postpaid. SIX STANDARD CANNAS Allemania. (Orchid flowering). Salmon with gold markings. r15c each, $1.50 doz. Cheerfulness. This Canna is one of the freest flowered. Color is bright orange red. each petal flaked carmine-crimson. 2o0c each, $2.00 doz. King Humbert. (Orchid Flowering). The most popular Canna. Great orange scarlet flowers. Foliage dark bronze. I5c each, $1.50 doz. Mrs. Alfred Conard. Large salmon pink. 24c each, $2.50 doz. Wintzer’s Colossal. (Orchid Flowering). The largest flowering Canna. Bright scarlet. ; 4 15c each, $1.50 doz. Yellow King Humbert. (Orchid Flowering). Flowers yellow with red spots. 15c each, $1.50 doz. Collection 1 Doz. of each of these Cannas, $8.00 postpaid. SEND FOR 1922 CATALOGUE With full descriptions and prices of our Dahlias, Trees, Shrubs, Perennials, Garden Tools, etc. We maintain a skilled Landscape Department. Write for Information. Everything for Your Garden at Reasonable Prices. JACOB SCHULZ CO., Inc. Nurserymen and Landscape Architects Louisville, Kentucky 550 South Fourth Avenue 59 oe - uljsDahlias 60 Select them from Our Catalogue —It’s Free! Every variety listed in our catalogue will give you bloom and beauty that will satisfy the most exacting grower. We offer only bulbs, seeds, and shrubs of select strains.’ This is your assurance of the excellence of every vari- ety we list. Our Catalogue offers an un- usual assortment of Sweet Peas, Dahlias, Gladioli, Asters, Hardy Perennials, Ornamental Shrubs, and Vegetable Seeds. Send for Catalogue now and order your seeds early. Fottler, Fiske, Rawson Co. BOSTON, MASS. The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 MMe ‘i CTO crnvisucvennn vos seeet Own Your Own Greenhouse Have you ever considered what it would mean to be the proud possessor of a summertime garden all the year round? Nowadays, no home in the country is really complete without a greenhouse. You'll agree with us when you read our catalogue, “Owning Your Own Greenhouse.” It contains just the facts you want to know—and is yours for the asking. Hitchings x Gmpany- General Offices and Factory: ’ Elizabeth, N. J. New York, 101 Park Avenue Boston-9, 294 Washington Street EMM >>> HMLLTTTACUULATVRDUELA LUAU ASHE UEORANTA DAEGU 400 of the Finest Varieties in the World! The Private Gardens of Elmwood Terrace offers for sale the surplus of this magnificent collection—Prize winners at all the big shows. The following special offers will be sent postpaid. All are full sized bulbs grown for exhibition purposes. 1. 2 each, Crimson Glow, Le Marechal Foch, Louise, Flora-White Giant $3.00 each, A. B. Kunderd, Peach Rose, K.’s Marshal Foch, E. J. Shaylor, B. L. Smith, Mrs. Dr. Norton... $3.00 each, Alice Tiplady, Altair, Albion Linton, Topaz, Tupilo, Capella... $2.75 each, Mrs. Watt, Golden King, America, Anna Wigman, Faust, -Candidum, Halley, Niagara, Pan- ama, Peace, Scarsdale, America, Victory, Rouge Torch, Mrs. Frances For other offers, see February Number of Garden Magazine. A handsome descriptive booklet will be mailed upon request. Mrs. M. B. Hawks Bennington, Vermont The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 61 alvabvednrcrcabrnadavatvetvedircbvscdreduuatveadratawadredecabeedtnslarelcvetuadicedrnatreedtedecelccbvorttedureduTedin esudwoetvastaedustdused ceterdtectbeed weduvedavetnvenesutncdenedendhs: ARQRASQRESRAANQDA Evergreen Cheer Throughout the Year IN eeENG like a cheery spot of Evergreen to soften the harsh, unlovely grasp in which Winter holds your home surroundings! dducddvcodeve About your grounds, to-day, are dozen of places that could be made colorfully attractive through other- wise colorless months by the friendly presence of EVERGREENS. Note such spots NOW and fill them in the early Spring with famously hardy FRAMINGHAM EVER- GREENS. Selection superb! Send for our handsome Book: “Beautiful Home Surroundings’’ STL oo (Sent FREE of charge anywhere east of the Mis- sissippi River and north of the Potomac. Elsewhere upon receipt of One Dollar.) famingham Nurseries FRAMINGHAM, MASSACHUSETTS AlieduwoOvcalovedvredueddorduwad qHER{RECGDAUpONGDONGQDANGDANQAEQGAEAQAACQAANGDAORDARUDAUQAONAD (,arden Full ladioli jor$Q00 The Gladiolus is one of the most satisfactory flowers grown and there is no reason why every family can- not enjoy this grand flower—it is as easy to grow as the potato. Bloom from July to frost if you plant a few bulbs each month from April to July. For Two Dollars we will send 50 Bulbs of our Grand Prize Mixture, which covers every conceivable shade in the Gladiolus kingdom. Each year we sell thousands of these bulbs and received numerous testimonials as to their merits. Order Your Bulbs Now, so as to have them to plant when you begin making your garden. Simple cultural directions in package Mail this advertisement, or present at our store, with Check, Money Order, Cash or Stamps, and secure this splendid collection, sent prepaid to any | point in the U. S. east of the Mississippi. For points West and Canada add 25c—($2.25.) Our 1922 Spring Seed Annual sent on request 30-32 Barclay St. Lumpp Voz New York City Pink Abundance AN ALLING DAHLIA This has been for the past two seasons the first plant in our garden to bloom. It is par- ticularly adapted for commercial cut flower purposes on account of its extreme freedom of bloom and wiry growth. Color is delicate mallow pink with white suffusions. Incurved Cactus type as photo shows. Tubers $1.50 each, $15.00 per dozen. Postpaid. My new catalogue is now ready. If I have not already had the pleasure of sending you a copy, may I do so at once? A post card request will bring it. C. LOUIS ALLING, Dahlia Specialist COURT ST., WEST HAVEN, CONN. 62 The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 Oo & Ee S 2 your money back ATURE’S loveliest gift—ROSES knowledge gained from over 50 years’ —will be yours in abundance if experience. Thoroughbred roses of so you order Conard Star Roses. Hardy, high an innate quality that we can field-grown plants, raised with skill and _ safely guarantee their bloom. Our big illustrated catalogue of nearly 200 glorious Fall directions f roses 1s yours for the asking. Write for it Now. u trecttoms ror planting and care come eh every, Vie ie. : £ Conar tar Rose. : : > Success assured. . ; ) O N A R D R Oo Ss E Ss They’ll bloom or ‘ e \ & JONES CO., Box 24, West Grove, Pa. your money back. 4 \ <-\ Robert Pyle, Pres. A. Wintzer, Vice-Pres. Rose Specialists—Backed by over 50 years’ experience “This celluloid star tag labels your growing rose and 1s the sign of our guarantee—two exclusive C.& J. features.” SIMA PRIZE WINNING CROPS Men who know from experience say that with most crops cultiva- tion is more necessary than fertilization. Plant life needs air as much as water and food. The one big problem has been to get the cultivating done when needed most. I Hill’s Pyramidal Arbor Vitae Long continued effort in type develop- ment, under the direction of D. Hill, the Evergreen Specialist, has produced this remarkably improved Pyramidal Arbor Vitae, having the following characteristics: beautiful dark green Stays green all winter extremely compact and narrow uniform in quality. TT THE MOTOR MACULTIVATOR IS ENDORSED BY PROMINENT AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTIONS Macultivator owners testify that it does the work of four men and does it better. It makes thorough and frequent cultivation easily and economically available. It can also be readily converted into a power lawn mower. TRY IT FOR TEN DAYS We are so certain of its performance that we are perfectly willing to let every Garden Magazine reader be the judge. Whether you or the operator have had experi- ence with power cultivators matters little. It is sim- plicity itself to operate a Macultivator, which is built heavy enough to do good work in any soil, yet light enough to be handled easily. Write to-day and learn all about our trial offer. Dealers A noteworthy achievement in Evergreens. Supplied di- rect—or through your local Nurseryman, Florist orLand- scape Architect. Send for complete catalog. Also fold- er “Cozy Bungalow Collec- B tions.” D. Hill Nursery Co. Evergreen Specialists for Over 60 Years 1061 Cedar Street The Macultivator SANA Ta ene naeal —Wnite, for interesting DUNDEE, ILL. Canora proposition: : = einer THE MOTOR _ Con, West End of MACULTIVATOR COMPANY 7 L Mai aIOOr. 1308-10 Dorr Street UA TOLEDO OHIO If CDLhMtw EE TTTcCtT titi The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 gladly mailed upon request. THE BAY STATE NURSERIES er ee ccc WE GROW NURSERY STCCK TO SUIT EVERY REQUIREMENT We have a complete stock of Evergreen and Deciduous Trees and Shrubs as well as Roses, Vines, and Perennials. A small section of our Evergreens is shown above. dodendrons and other hardy, broad-leaf Evergreens. A copy of our “Hand-book of General Information on Trees and Hardy Plants’ will be We specialize in Rho- NORTH ABINGTON, MASSACHUSETTS W. H. Wyman & Son, Proprietors AEE TTT LETTE cece 63 “Selling Out The Famous Rose Hill Nurseries North Avenue, New Rochelle, N. Y. HERE are still some great bargains to be had in fine, large specimen trees, both Deciduous and Evergreen: A great collection of Box Trees in all sizes, shapes and forms. They are not the tender varieties. But the hardy and sturdy types, :acluding also the Golden Variety. Koster Blue Spruce, Retinosporas, Colorado Spruce, Douglas Fir, Weeping and Copper Beech, Rhododendrons, both hybrids and native varieties. Also large collection of double and single Lilacs. It should be noted that the real big Bargains are in the larger size specimen trees, several thousands of which have been reduced from 40 to 50%. These trees should be seen to be fully appre- ciated. Flowering Shrubs, Roses, and a complete list of hardy Perennials. All of which are in prime con- dition, and must be sold to settle Estate. Farr’s Flowering Shrubs and Perennials for Spring Springtime is planting time for nearly all favorite flowering shrubs—Philadelphus, Deutzia, Cotoneaster, Hydrangea, and many other rare and interesting shrub specialties. So, too, spring is the time to plan for the garden favorites—Irises, Phloxes, Delphiniums, and many others from hundreds of new and old-time varieties that are grown here in Wyomissing. This comprehensive collection of perennials, shrubs, evergreensand rock plants is fully described in Farr’s Hardy Plant Specialties (7th Edition 1920) A real handbook for amateur and pro- fessional gardeners. Contains 132 pages of text and illustrations; shows in nat- ural colors and photographic reproduc- tions many rare Irises, Peonies, Chrys- anthemums, Aquilegias, and Lilacs. Too valuable and costly for promiscuous distribution, but will be mailed to any address for $1.00, which -may be de- ducted from the first order amounting to $10.00 for plants, trees or shrubs. BERTRAND H. FARR Wyomissing Nurseries Company 104 Garfield Ave. | Wyomissing, Pa. ROSE HILL NURSERIES North Avenue New Rochelle, N. Y. Near Wykagyl Station on N. Y., Westchester & Boston R. R. 64 The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 INTERESTED IN PRIMROSES? if _| RAIN WHEN YouWANTIT|) .. |... = [. ei —soThe Secret Of Success In Watering Your Garden. One of the secrets of a good garden lies in its successful watering. No one denies that. Here then are six and one more reasons why the Skinner System of watering brings success. e 1—It’s a reproduction of a gentle rain. 2—Soaks down deep, yet does not puddle or pack the soil. 3—Gives the right moisture at the right time for making available, in liquid form the soil’s plant foods. 4—Produces twice the crop on same ground, of which we have proofs in convincing numbers. Be your garden large or small the Skinner System will fit it. Remarkably interesting catalogue, yours for the asking. The Skinner Irrigation Co, 219 Water St., Troy, Ohio +H FERTILIZER] a) yy: py Qa, hos a ae = S A INSECTICIDE FOR LAWN AND GARDEN _.F & IY’ is a product with a tobacco base, spec- ially prepared and milled for the purpose of feeding and protecting your lawn and garden. FEEDS THE PLANT Apply “EK & J’ now to your lawn and garden, let the coming rains gradually leach into the earth the potash, nitrogen and phosphoric content of this wonderful plant food. “‘F & I’’ decomposes very rapidly and adds valuable humus to the soil. KILLS THE INSECT The high nicotine content of “HE & I’’ kills or drives out the insects, ants, moles, cutworms, etc., from your lawn and garden. It is a perfect mulch for bushes, shrubbery and plants. It will keep away many of the insect pests that harm these plants. “¥ & J’ contains no weed seeds and insect pests as do many animal manures, has no objectionable odor and will not burn your grass or plants. Write to-day for our special leaflet explaining the value of our products for lawn and garden. 100 Ibs, $3.00; 500 Ibs. $14.00; 2000 Ibs. $50.00 THE LANCASTER TOBACCO PRODUCTS COMPANY DEPARTMENT G Chestnut, Plum and Fulton Sts., Lancaster, Pa. 5—Produces not only earlier, but crisper, more succulent vegetables. 6—Grows flowers in greater abundance, richer colorings, and that last longer when cut. 7—Easy and inexpensive to put in. Costs practically nothing to operate. Lasts a lifetime. The trials and tribulations of send- ing to Europe for seeds that take months to germinate and sometimes years to reach maturity are eliminated by the service we endeavor to give our customers. We are continually improving our varie- ties by the process of selection and division of the best strains. We are pleased to say that we feel the choice collection of Hardy Perennials and Alpines now growing in our nursery is second to none in this country. If you are interested in plants of this character, a few of which we mention, we will be pleased to send you our interesting catalogue. CAMPANULA WALDSTEINIANA, HYPERICUM REPTANS, EDELWEISS, HYBRID LUPINES, MYOSOTIS SPRING BEAUTY, PRIMULA POIS: SONI, P. FARINOSA, SAXIFRAGA AEIZOON, VERBASCUM A. M. BURNIE. ALPINE GARDENS OUR SPECIALTY We have made a specialty of this charac- ter of gardening. Our workmen are thor- oughly efficient and experienced in the planting and proper location of Alpines. We are equally capable of carrying out to the fullest detail Herbaceous Borders planned in artistic color combinations and conforming to the owners individuality. WOLCOTT NURSERIES Designers & Builders ° IRRIGATION SUNDIALS Real Bronze Colonial Designs From $4.50 Up Memorial Tablets Also other garden requisites Manufactured by The M. D. JONES CO. Concord Jct., Mass. Send for illustrated Catalogue Alpine Gardens, Herbaceous Borders, Landscapes CLINTON ROAD, JACKSON, MICHIGAN Beautiful, Vivid Trees and Shrubs All Barr plantings are grown in the ideal soil They RARE ORIENTAL FLOWERING TREES of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. are bred and trained for color, poise, shape- liness and hardiness. Each plant and tree that leaves the Nurseries is a thing alive with vitality, color and beauty. FROM JAPAN, CHINA AND PERSIA Do not fail to consult B. F. Barr & Company when planning your 1922 Spring plantings. Their Landscape Architectural Division will be glad to help you in your selections and suggest the arrangement best suited to your home grounds. Write now for illustrated catalogue. B. F. BARR & COMPANY Keystone Nurseries 116 Barr Building Lancaster, Pa. Send for our catalogue in color A.E-WOHLERT. NURSERIES THEO rer Fe PereENDABILIT Y HEN you think of stucco as a white or grey application of cement only, you fail to take into consideration the great variety of textures and colors possible. Portland Cement Stucco, being a plastic material, may be used not only to produce an infinite variety of architectural design, but it lends itself to wonderfully diversified surfaces as well. Smooth, even tones, rugged contrasting light and shadow surfaces,or when ATLAS White Portland Cement is used, any color effect desired may be obtained at will. Ask your dealer for ATLAS Portland Cement booklets on the building of Stucco homes; or the remodeling of old homes. ATLAS dealers are always ready to give you the benefit of their advice and to tell you the many ways ATLAS service can aid the home builder. If thereisnot an ATLAS dealer in your immediate vicinity, write the nearest office of this company THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY New York Boston Philadelphia Birmingham Chicago Dayton Des Moines St. Louis COGUGOTNASHHACNAGORASAseCODORsORReROSOORLDAODAOD : : vegoescoenon = aa —f For Home Builders ar Here Are Two Invaluable Help Hints HEY have to do with everything you want to do in the way of painting, varnishing, staining and finishing your home, both inside and out. The Help hints are two books that tell you exactly what you want to know, exactly as you would tell it to someone it you knew. It is told in such a human, readable sort of a way, that it makes decidedly interesting reading. All the facts are there. The help hints are many. Their following may save you many a dollar, not to mention the lasting ~ satisfaction their following insures. For Men: . The Happy Happening Book has the strongest a to men, be- cause it was written mostly by a man. It is a book that tells of the painting and finishing problems of a man and his wife, covering a period of a score of years in their country house. It is about every- thing, from how to prevent the outside paint from cracking and peel- ing, to the sure way of securing a floor finish that combines lastingness with effectiveness. It is a sure enough counselor, friend and guide. It’s name is the Happy Happening Book, because it just plain makes happiness happen. Send 10 cents for a copy, to our Dayton Office. For Women: Eleanor Bloomfield and Ivy Ivans bought a House all their own, at Provincetown, Cape Cod, and promptly started to do it over. Incident- ally, and not accidentally, they did all the painting and finishing them- selves, inside and out. Furthermore, they bought old furniture and refinished or painted it, They had many and sundry experiences, and found out not a few worth while things. So many of their friends beset and besought them to tell what they did to get such wondrous results, that finally in sheer defence, they sat down together, and wrote about it. What they wrote we have put into a delightful book, called the “House That Is” or “A Tale of The Ship’s Bell,” which latter is the name of their house. Send xo cents for a copy. The Lowe Brothers Co. 553 East Third St., Dayton, Ohio Boston New York Jersey City Chicago Atlanta Memphis Minneapolis Kansas City Toronto — (G \ \i f\) uh Seana a P a A Kt \N \ \ \\ WINN : | YH Ye Ye \ The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 67 Catalog 4 tod ae -~=—Ssé«&Nurrsserry American Grown Roses We grow many thousands of field-grown rose plants in many hundreds of varieties. They are described in our Rose Catalog. Ask for Special List of Standard (tree) Roses. We grow Nursery Products to complete Plantings of any Magnitude Nurserymen and Florists Rutherford New Jersey PLANT EVERGREENS THIS SPRING! Read this Little Cree Harms Friendship Offer From the “Birthplace of Little Trees that Live’— comes a very unusual offer of six choice evergreens for only ten dollars. Would not a really choice collection of evergreens add value and beauty to your home grounds? Here, then, is the way to get them planted this spring. $10.00 WILL BRING One Blue Spruce One Arbor Vitae Cne Prostrate Juniper One Erect Juniper One White Spruce One Red Pine These little trees have been three times transplanted. They are from 13 to 4 feet high. Each packed with a ball of burlap-tied earth properly crated; The total shipping weight is about 150 Ibs. Delivered to the express at Framingham, Mass. upon receipt of your remittance of $10. Send for the 44-page “Book of the Little Tree Farms.” Little Tree Farms AMERICAN ForESTRY Company Dept. A3 419 Boylston Street Boston, Mass. “The Birthplace of Little Trees That Live.” 68 The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 GLADIOLI The following varieties of A. E. Kunderd’s ori- gin, all of Exhibition quality, are now offered for the first time. ‘They are guaranteed true to name and to give a full sized bloom. Dorothy Wheeler (Kunderd) a beautiful pink, (Silver Medal M. H. S. 1921). $3.50 per doxzen—$21.00 per 100 Perseus (Kunderd) orange. $2.50 per doxzen—$15.00 per 100 Antares (Kunderd) salmon-orange. $2.50 per dozen—$15.00 per 100 Minataka (Kunderd) upper petals soft pink, lower petals yellow striped with red. $2.50 per doxzen—$15.00 per Too. Marshal Foch, Kunderd’s masterpiece, and the greatest prize winner of them all. $3.50 per dozen—$24.00 per 100 Exhibition mixture of Kunderd origin $7.00 per Too 7 Beautify Your Sam ea Home Surroundings Hi 43 FOEN ELSES HH ooh ERUEERE? a ‘ BY THE USE OF OUR — : ot : FENCES, ARBORS, TRELLISES, PERGOLAS, No. 235 Lattice Fence LATTICE TRIMS, GARDEN SEATS, ETC. Our equipment enables us to manufacture at low cost a very large line of original designs—the attractive kind. It will be a pleasure to mail you our booklet, “LANDSCAPE BEAUTY HINTS.” Our drafting department will design especially for you—No Charge. If interested in Fences, ask for our Blue Prints showing many attractive designs. Our Lattice Trimmings for walls both inside and out have proven welcome additions in gardens and homes. We have many styles suitable for the most elaborate mansion or the humblest cottage. Free Catalogue. ALL PURPOSE FLOWER BOX Can be used as Window, Porch. or Balustrade Box. Paneled sides and end, metal bottom, made of beautiful fir wood stained foliage green or seal brown. Sent PARCEL POST Pre- paid. Money refunded if Bae wide, Sind deep, Ag in. long, ee p not satisfied. in. wide, 8 in. deep, in. Jong, $ 8 in. wide, 8 in. deep, 48 in. long. $3.75 Order them to-day GARDEN CRAFT 5 Lake Street, Crystal Lake, Illinois SPECIAL OFFER 12 Dorothy Wheeler is 12 Minataka 12 Perseus t2 Antares 6 Marshal Foch TEN DOLLARS—DELIVERED C. F. FAIRBANKS Cary Farm Lexington, Mass. Lattice Trim No. 355 COLOUR IN MY GARDEN By LOUISE BEEBE WILDER A practical colour manual, with exquisite paintings made from the author’s own garden. Net, $10.06 Fine Hybridized DAHLIA SEEDS 25 cents, 50 cents, $1.00 per package. With Special Notes on a New DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. Garden City, N. Y. Method of Grafting Applicable to all Trees, by Robert T. Morris, M.D. Illustrated, $2.50 For sale by any Bookdealer or The Macmillan Co., New York Mrs. C. W. Igo, Colorado Springs, Col. Japanese Gardens Unique and attractive Skilfully and quickly constructed by experienced gardeners T. R. OTSUKA 300 South Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill. Meehans choice uncommon plants Our new price list now ready, quotes prices on 1700 differ- ent sizes in 10 or 100 lots of shrubs and garden flowers. Gardening, Farming and Poultry Husbandry the new profession for Women SCHOOL OF HORTICULTURE, Ambler, Pa. 18 miles from Philadelphia. Two year Diploma Course, entrance Sep- tember, and January. Theory and practice. Unusual positions obtain- able upon Graduation. Spring Course April 4th to June 24th. Summer Course August 1st to 26th. Circulars. ELIZABETH LEIGHTON LEE, Director Ecos ACME JR.| Power Cultivator ‘H. S. J. BRADY EXPERT DYNAMITING 844 N. 19th Street, Philadelphia. Pa. AGRICULTURAL WORK A SPECIALTY Ditching, Subsoiling, Tree Planting, Stump Blowing, Wet Land [ Made Dry, Orchard Renovating, Buildings Wrecked, Obstruc- tions Removed. Rock and Concrete Blasting. Personal attention given to every detail of the work. Many uncommon plants in- cluding: Storax (white wax- like flowers) Pink and Double White Dogwood (beautiful and highly ornamental) Mal- low Marvels (large blooms in various colors) White Linden, Cut Leaf Birch, Oaks, etc. Special for Spring, 1922 IRIS to choice named varieties. Our selection postpaid. $1 00 Also others at remarkable low prices. Is a big factor in reducing gardening cost. Compact, easily handled and as ALL MOVING PARTS ARE DUST PROOF and RUN IN OIL it brings satisfaction, unusual value and economy. It makes work pleasure, and makes pleasure pay dollars. . It has extra wide wheels for loose or hammock soils. Simple, comprehensive, con- venient. We will gladly send you a copy Free. Syhomas MEEHAN & Sens Nurserymen @ Horticulturists Write to-day for description, etc. The Acme Cultivator Co. Salem, Ohio Pioneer Nurserymen of America 6717 Chew Street Germantown Philadelphia, Pa. New Spring Price List ready HOFFMAN PEONY GARDENS Hudson County, N. J. The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 All Birds Are NOT Woodpeckers Simply because some birds choose the path of least re- sistance and dwell in abandoned wood- pecker nests, all too many bird houses now offered are built for woodpeck- ers! To attract the birds you must pro- vide food, water and shelter! But unless the shelter is congenial, do not expect to hold your friends in feathers! Educator Log Cabins for Birds and Household Pets are built along lines based upon intimate expert studies of bird and animal requirements. Roomy, yet warm, easily kept clean because of special construction. They are substantially made to give many years of service to either season’s guests or permanent friends. Every bird lover will find our 32 page Booklet describing the complete line of Educator Log Cabins full of valuable hints how to attract birds and how to hold them. Shows many cabins ‘‘at work” under natural surroundings. A copy of this booklet is gladly sent free on request if you mention Garden Magazine. Educator Gifts and Play Products Mystic, Connecticut U.S. A. Mills Dahlia Farm, nev" sr 1922 Catalogue Now Ready For nearly 20 years we have grown the best of Dahlias, no matter whether they were Ameri- can or European introductions. Our experience in selling cut flowers in the metropolitan trade as well as our exhibitions in the leading Eastern shows has made possible our collection which we believe is unsurpassed. FIVE MASTERPIECES : Carmencita, Decorative. Brilliant yellow splashed with bright red. One of the showiest of all Dahlias - - - - - - -_ $1.50 each. Crystal, Cactus. Great seller on the cut flower market. Delicate pink shading to clear white - - - - - - = - = 50c each. Newport Angel. The largest and best white single Dahlia $3.00 each. Latona. The finest yellow peony Dahlia. Great for cutting and a gem inthe garden - - - - = - - = = = = _ 75c each. Newport Wonder. The favorite single Dahlia. Rich Coral Pink. Very fine for cutting - - - - - - - - - - - $3.00 each. 1 tuber of each of these Five Masterpieces—$8.00 Postpaid. Mills Dahlia Farm, Harbeck Mills, Jr. Mamaroneck, N. Y. HEN making your plans for your summer and fall Gardens, use a liberal assortment of Gladioli. You can easily have a succession of Gladiolus bloom from July until frost. Below we are offering three of the finest Gladioli we know. If you want something extremely rare and beautiful include these in your selection:— Evelyn Kirtland Exquisite shade of light rose, darker at edges, fading to shell pink at the centre, with brilliant scarlet blotches in the lower petals. Spike tall and erect. Each 5oc., $5.00 per doz., $35.00 per 100. Alice Tiplady (Primulinus) A grand large primulinus of the most beautiful orange saffron. Stri- kingly handsome. Each, 4oc., $4.00 per doz., $30.00 per 100. \, Prince of Wales Anywhere among Gla- dioli this variety stands out pre-eminently. Color beautiful light salmon with orange shade. Very early. Each, 25c., $2.50 per doz., $16.00 per 100. \. SPECIAL OFFER 2 bulbs of each of the above varieties, $2.00 Postpaid. 6 bulbs of each of the above vari- eties, $5.50 Postpaid. 12 bulbs of each of the above vari- eties, $10.50 Postpaid. Choice Mixed Gladioli, including all of the most desirable colors, 75c. per doz. Postpaid. $5.00 per 100, Postpaid. CATALOGUE Spring 1922 Garden Annual free on application ese Seedsmen lew Rochelle Main Street . New York The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 “Photo by International’’ Burbank’s ways are nature’s ways—follow them for success HERE is a new pleasure and captivating purpose in growing plants to make them take on valuable or beautiful new forms. The modern plant grower is by no means content to leave everything to nature—he takes a hand himself and helps nature produce the forms and qualities he desires. In this there is no magic—but knowledge and skill. Ordinary garden methods may be had from any one of a hundred sources. But practical and dependable guidance in the work of plant improvement is most 2 LUTHER. BURBANK BURBANK BURBANK = BURBANK VOL-I VOLT VOLT III VOL-IV PLANT AF TING -RRUIT SMALL « SREEDING “IMPROVEMENT FRUITS LUTHER LUTHER: LUTHER BURBANK These books are not a compilation of the works or words of others but a description by Burbank of the results of actual work carried on by him in practical experiments with countless living plants. He demon- strates what can be done; he sets new ideals and novel problems. Here for the first time is presented in convenient and authorita- tive form all that the world is eager to know about this unique genius of the plant world—the interesting facts of his long and fruitful life, the secret of his success, his methods and discoveries. You will find this booklet well worth sending for. But only a limited edition has been published, so clip the cou- pon NOW-—and send for it TO-DAY. ss ee i ie ie i ee Ce, P.F COLLIER & SON COMPANY 416 West Thirteenth St., New York, N.Y. I wish to know more about the interest, beauty and practical value of the Burbank books, and would appreciate haying the representative constructive experience mentioned in your advertisement. Please send me, free and with- out obligation, ‘‘Half-Hour Experiments with Plants,” by Luther Burbank. BKA Name, ee Occupation ss EEEeesesSsSMsses TB3-1-22 Address The Publishers cannot undertake to send this book free to children, difficult to obtain. In this delightful field that offers unlimited possibilities for pleasure and profit, Luther Burbank, “‘the dean of plant breeders,” is supremely qualified to point the way to success. Did you know that the direct personal guidance of the greatest of plant breeders is now available to plant lovers everywhere by the recent publication of the new Burbank books? Over fifty years of unparalleled pa- tience and persistence are condensed into eight fascina- ting volumes. LUTHER LUTHER BURBANK | BURBANK VORVE VOL-VIi USEFUL Bones FLOWERS They are invaluable alike to the amateur and the professional plant grower, for they cover the whole field of plant culture from helpful details to the bolder innovations that have given Burbank the name of “miracle worker” and wizard. Plant Breeding; Grafting and Budding; Fruit Improvement; Small Fruits; Gardening; Useful Plants; Flowers; Trees—are the volume titles under which all the variety and wonder of these books is included. And besides, there is a fine biography of the author and 390 exquisite full color illustrations. . No advertisement can begin to do justice to the interest, beauty and practical value of the works. For this reason an attractive booklet has been published to tell more about this remarkable library. : rrr Half-Hour Experi- oe ee ments with Plants fa te oe Contains a brief biography of : Mr. Burbank, telling how he rose from a mere beginner to his present eminence; evidence of what others have done working in the manner of Burbank; illustrations from the complete set, in full colors; and constructive Burbank experiments that you may actually put into practice—What to Work for in Ex- periments with Plants, The Prac- tical Essentials of Hand Pol- lenizing, How to Burbank Your Geraniums, How to Make Old Fruit Trees Young and Produc- tive, Grafting Methods That Will Work Miracles. LUTHER BURBANK LUTHER BURBANK VOL-VIIL TREES BIOGRAPHY INDEX ‘aN VOL-V GARDENING LUTHER BURBANK Know How to Grow Water-Lilies ? You can find out by getting a copy of our 1922 catalogue. It gives full cultural direc- tions, describes a great many varieties, and illustrates typical blooms (three in natural You can have a charming water colors). garden in a little plot without trouble. See Our Catalogue! It describes William Falconer (deep red), William Doogue (light pink), Odorata Sulphurea (bright yellow) and many others of varied colors and sizes. The sorts suitable for tub or barrel culture are indicated. Your name and address on a postcard will bring a copy of this helpful booklet. Send to-day. Independence Nurseries Box M. Independence, Ohio REYNOLDS CATNIP MOUSE Makes Every Cat and Kitten Playful and Healthful If you want to have some fun, give Puss a CATNIP MOUSE. She will cut up all kinds of antics. Will play with it as long as there is a piece left. Very important that growing kittens have catnip. 4 Mice for $1.00. H.B. REYNOLDS MFG. CO. Box 20 Mt. Vernon Ohio may have the best Your Garden: FRUIT TREES, BERRY PLANTS, GRAPE VINES, SHADE TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, VINES and PERENNIALS from our nursery. ““Grown in Vermont, it’s hardy’’ GEO. D. AIKEN Putney, Vt. DAHLIA NOVELTIES The best of them listed in our 1922 Catalogue. Send for a copy. LF RUITVALE DAHLIA FARM 2828 Peralta Ave. Oakland, Cal. HE New Whipple’s Early is the larg- est Early Sweet Corn. A _ heavy yielder. Big ears. 16 to 20 rows; tender; sweet; delicious. A money maker for market. 40c pint. Harris’ Buttercup Corn is sweeter than Bantam and has longer ears, averaging 10 inches, 8 to 12 rows. Very prolific, 30c pint. A packet of Branching Asters free with order, if requested. Our new 1922 Catalogue is sent for the asking. It is full of valuable informa- tion for gardeners. Describes many new Vegetables and Flower Seeds, Bulbs and Plants. Get your copy now. Harris’ Seeds have been refined by years of careful selection and breeding and are sold only “From the Grower, to the Sower.” Lay the foundation of a good garden by planting Harris’ Seeds. Drawer K Coldwater.N.Y. The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 Mrs. Geo. W. Elkins, Jr. This wonderful new decorative exhibition dahlia ranks with the very best of the present day novel- ties. The flowers are extremely large, \ eight to nine inches in diameter, with deep full centers, borne on erect stems. The color is beautiful old gold, suffused salmon pink with a faint reflex of rosy pink. An artistic decorative of unquestionable merit. Strong field grown tubers. $7.50 Each Postpaid You should have our 1922 Catalogue describing and illustrating EVTUONTTONTOONUTUNUUDONUUNUDTUUUUVUDNULUUDDUCLNUPLSAPOSDLOUOL SU ONTELAOEECUCL SELLE CLL DAHLIAS OF QUALITY AND DISTINCTION DAHLIADEL NURSERIES Warren W. Maytrott Vineland, N. J. The Ideal Flower for Your Summer Garden PRICES REDUCED Send for free copy of our new booklet giving directions for culture and a list of fifty best varieties with accurate descriptions. All poor varieties cu!led out and many h, tested novelties and choice Primulinus Hybrids added. A customer in Oregon writes: “The stock bought of you gave good satisfaction. Many of the flow- ers were in our display at the State Fair and were much admired.” And another says: “Our Gladioli were very love- ly and we appreciate the nice selection and excel- lent quality.” Four Grand Novelties Mrs. F. C. Peters, a new and delightful shade of rose violet with a crimson blotch. Each $1.00; dozen $10.00. Purple Glory, a ruffled giant, rich deep coloring. Each $1.50, dozen $15.00. Marshal Foch, finest salmon pink, immense blooms. Each 35c, dozen $3.50. Mrs. G. W. Moulton, a lovely shade of lilac-purple, tall, fine, Each 25c, dozen $2.50. One extra large bulb of each ........ $2.75 Two extra large bulbs of each........ 5.00 Prize Dollar Collection One bulb each of Panama, Giant White, Schwaben, Crimson Glow, Blue Jay, five grand varieties, all prize winners, $1.00. Amateur Collection bulbs, ten named varieties, assorted colors, sent postpaid for orly $1.50. Brookland Gardens S.E. Spencer, Prop. Lexington Street, Woburn, Mass. ¥ aI Ammer i 2s STRUT rnc TU “The Gladiolus Beautiful’ UMMM ALLO MLO MOMMA 5 Planet Jr. makes sardening a sport Take the drudgery out of garden work and it be- comes a fascinating, healthy outdoor game. There’s relaxation and absorbing interest in planting and watching seeds sprout and grow. When you plant and work your garden with Planet Jr., your work is all play—healthful exercise that repays you well. You do the work standing straight, traversing row by row at a steady, even pace. No bending, no contin- uous kneeling. And Planet Jr. does its work so quickly and cleanly. When cultivating, the sharp hoes slice off weeds short below the surface, leaving a fine, protective soi! mulch. Yet you can work right close up to the row without injuring the plants. For large home gardens No. 12 Planet Jr. Double and Single wheel hoe combined is a great time and labor saver—one of the most popular garden tools made. Opens and closes furrows; straddles and hoes both sides of a row at once. So light, a woman or boy can use it; so strong, it lasts a lifetime. The illustrated Planet Jr. catalogue shows just the Planet Jr. garden tool you need. Write for your copy to-day. S. L. Allen & Co., Inc. Dept- 32 5th & Glenwood Ave. Philadelphia 71 72 Lilium Regale HORSFORD’S HARDY LILIES and Cold Weather Plants This new Regal Lily is the finest novelty that has been offered in years. Our Hardy Perennials, Wild Flowers, Iris, Peonies, Hardy Ferns, Vines, Shrubs. and Trees which we grow here have always given satisfaction when properly set. Trees and Shrubs that we have found tender in severe winters have been discarded from our lists. Ask for our new Annual before making up your spring orders. F. H. HORSFORD Charlotte Vermont —=- | | DiS a YEN wi | how Bisis atomato., The average amateur gardener growing Toma- toes expects a peck of fruit per plant. Stim-U-planT will double production or more, all good tomatoes: large, well colored and the best flavor ever. Stim-U-planT tablets are a scientifically con- centrated fertilizer for all plants shrubs and trees. Great forLawns. Clean and easy to use: no dirt, stain or smell. There is no substitute. Price 75c pet 100; $3.50 per 1000. Postpaid. If your seed dealer has'nt it, order from Earp-Thomas Cultures Corporation { | | 80 Lafayette St., New York Hl Mn | i Southern Grown DAHLIAS Resist Heat Better We grow quite a large number of the best Dablias in all classes under conditions that give them a peculiar drouth resistance. May we mail you a copy of our complete price list describing our stocks? Among the New and Rare Varieties you will find such Gems as Azalea, Edith Wooster, Grizzley and several superb California Creations that have won their place. You will also be pleasantly surprised by our modest prices. HICKORY HILL DAHLIA FARM J.S. Bosher, Tie South’s foremost Dahlia Specialist Richmond Box 227A Virginia i= =] yo" may de- | pend on the High Quality of our Flower, Vege- table, and Grass Seeds. They come only from the most reliable sourcesin Europe and America. FLOWER, GRASS, and VEGETABLE SEED S Send for Catalogue Eighty pages of valuable information about Seeds, Bulbs, Plants, Tools, Fertilizers, and In- secticides—with Planting Table and Planting Calendar. HOSEA WATERER Seed and Bulb Importer 628 E. Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. “Everything for Garden and Greenhouse’”’ If you want the finest DAHLIAS the Giants—true to name—we have them. Send for our catalogue. SOMERHOUSEN DAHLIA GARDENS Chestnut Hill Philadelphia, Pa. Olds’ Seeds Go where you will you can’t find better Seed Corn, Oats, Potatoes, Clover, Alfalfa or Timothy than ours. We’ve specialized in these seeds for years. We grow and handle them right. Our GardenSeedsare no less reliable. No seed house has better. We are constantly improving our special strains and seeking the best for ourcustomers, \ *Olds’ Catalog Tells the Truth” our slogan—is no idle boast. Write for a copy at once. Guides you in planning crops and mak- ing up seed order. _L.L.OLDS SEED COMPANY 7. Drawer 26 Madison, Wis. ROSES of New Castle Are the hardiest, sturdiest, freest blooming rose plants in America. Always grown on their own roots in the fertile soil of New Castle. Weare expert Rose grow- ers and give you the benefit of a lifetime’s experience and the most select list in Amer- ica. Every desirable Rose now cultivated in America is included in our immense stock—and the prices are right. Our rose book for 1922, ROSES OF NEW CASTLE, tells you how to make rosé growing a success. The most complete book on rose culture ever published, and elaborately printed in actual colors. Gives all information that you need. Send for your copy to-day—a postal will do. Address HELLER BROS. CO., Box 321, New Castle, Indiana The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 Soft Blue and Yellow Gladioli Do you know these charming new shades? They arrest instant attention in the garden, or displayed as a few lovely spikes against a neutral background indoors. Try them in an old blue dining room! My special “Garden Magazine” Collection will appeal to discriminating gardeners. It includes: One Golden Measure—Most famous yellow in existence. I sold many last year at $5.00 each. Two Blue Jay—Fxtra large. Two Muriel—Finest garden blue. Two Flora—Yellow. Two Nora—Blue. Two Conspicuous—Blue with handsome blotch. The eleven bulbs for $8.00, by insured post prepaid. My 1922 booklet, listing high-grade gladioli and perennials, and suggesting some unusually effective garden combinations, will be sent upon request. W.L. Crissey “‘GLADIOLUS FARM’’ R. F. D.1 BORING, OREGON SEEDS THAT SUCCEED Direct from The Nation’s Capital Write to-day for our 1922 Catalogue—absolutely free. Send 10c and we will include the following assortment of seeds; 1 pkt. each Capitol Waved Spencer Sweet Peas, Featherbloom Asters, Giant Flower Zin- nias, Scarlet Globe Radish, Early Fortune Cucumber, New Stone Tomato. Don’t delay—write to-day. ) FWBOLGIANO & CO, 1011 B. St., Washington, D. C. Vee va cq a > iN (gz ME The Recognized Standard Insecticide Your Dealer Can Supply You Aphine. It is the safest form of ‘‘insect insurance.” The best remedy known for green, black, white fly, thrips and soft scale. Easily applied—Effective. Fungine. For rust, mildew and all sorts of blights. Vermine. Sure eradicator for insects affecting plant roots. APHINE MANUFACTURING CO. Madison INew Jersey FRUIT TREES Berries, Grapes, Roses. Ornamental and Shade Trees FLOWERING SHRUBS Everything for the Orchard, Fruit-garden and Lawn Buy Direct from the Grower Wholesale prices. FREE Catalogue GROVER NURSERY CO. 94 Trust Bldg. Rochester, N. Y. Pulverized Sheep Manure Best for Lawns and Gardens_| NATURE’S OWN PLANT FOOD Great for Lawns, Grass Plots, etc. It affords the fullest advantage of spring rains,insuring vaapr an early start and a luxuriant growth. Sheep’s Head Brand also is used = %. extensively for Gardens, Small Fruits, Ww > AURAL GUANe: Shrubbery, etc. Rich in nitrogen, cuAY phosphoric acid and potash; also adds humus. Guaranteed absolutely clean—nothing but sheep manure—free from weed seeds which are killed by heat. Dried and pulverized for easy application. Circular and prices on request. NATURAL GUANO CO., ®°3River Street The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 Eliminates the Drudgery Gives you more time for Pleasure Gardening. Thousands of Garden Lovers begin the year with plans for better lawns and greater gardens only to abandon them later because they are overwhelmed by drudging, time-devouring work. At last comes relief in the form of a cheap, dependable power. The BOLEN Power Hoe and Lawn Mower Tractor It will make your gardening dreams come true. This wonderful tractor has an arched axle to work astride narrow rows. It has a new and simple tool control so a boy can do weeding and hoeing better than with a hand or wheel hoe, and from four to six timesas fast. It has a differential drive, making it easy to turn,—a wonderful advantage in cultivating and lawn mowing. The attachments for seeding, cultivating and lawn mowing have snap hitches and can be instantly changed without the use of a wrench. The BOLENS is an innovation. It will bea revelation to you. Arbor No. 24 without seat, $110.00 F.O.B. Chicago The ‘‘Better-Built’’ kind constructed P e rgolas and Arbors— not only for attractiveness, but for Simplicity and good taste in Garden Craft are essential if it should harmonize with the rest- fulness of interior home furnishings. Here, too, you will find suggestions which are suit- able for making your garden a reposing place for leisure hours. permanency as well. This advertisement shows only a few select- ions of suggestive features taken from our catalogue which contains over one hundred practical illustrations of distinctive Garden decorations for beautifying the surroundings of home. iWhen writing for copy cols 20c and ask for Catalogue **H-33.” HARTMANN-SANDERS COMPANY Factory & Showroom: 2155-87 Elston Ave., Chicago Eastern Office & Showroom: 6 E. 39th Street, New York City Rose Arbor No. 10, $37.50 F.O.B. Chicago. Rose Arbor, with seats No. 20, $90.00 F.0.B. Chicago Special Exhibit of our goods can be seen at the International Flower Show March 13 to 19 Grand Central Palace New York City Write to-day for descriptive circular and prices. GILSON MANUFACTURING COMPANY 111 PARK STREET PORT WASHINGTON, WISCONSIN Write to-day jor free catalogue So beautifully distinct from any other dahlia. The soft colors and tints blend so harmoniously. The most exquisitely formed flowers are carried so gracefully, erect to facing, on the long, cane stiff stems. Size, six to eight inches. Color at base of petal, citron yellow, outer half creamy white, both yellow and white mottled and overspread rosolane pink. Many petals showing faint yellow along mid-vein. All dusted over with tiny glistening crystal-like particles, as of gold dust. An ideal dahlia for cutting, garden, and for exhibition. Roots, $5.00 each. That you may know our dahlias we make the following SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY OFFERS 5 beautiful Cactus Dahlias 5 grand Decorative Dahlias 2 Giant Century, 2 unique Collarettes, 2 Ball. 6 in all 5 Peony Daklias, $1.00, 1 Pkt. new Decorative Dahlia Seed Above 5 offers, each Dahlia carefully labeled, true to name, and my book on The Dahlia, all postpaid for OUR NEW CATALOGUE, THE WORLD’S BEST DAHLIAS. not only shows Mary Steffenson, Queen Elizabeth, Golden West Cactus, and 9 new Century Dahlias in natural colors, but tells the plain truth about the best new and standard varieties, including 12 won- derful new creations, now offered for the first time. THE LEADING DAHLIA CATALOGUE FREE Write to-day. A post card will bring you a copy by return mail. PEACOCK DAHLIA FARMS New Jersey Mary Steffenson We are the largest in the world 73 BUY YOUR TREES, SHRUBS, VINES of L. J. Farmer “The Strawberry Man’’ We make a specialty of supplying everything to plant about the suburban or country home, such as Fruit Trees; Ornamental Shrubs, Plants and Vines; Berry Plants; Garden Roots and Vege- table Plants; Seed Potatoes; Berry Crates and Baskets; Eggs and Baby Chicks, &c., &c. Send for our beautifully illustrated 48 page catalogue and let us talk it over before the rush season comes on. We have had 39 years of ex- perience and are known everywhere as the intro- ducer of the Fall or Everbearing Strawberries, which we specialize in. book—“Farmer on the Strawberry.” have been sold. Our catalogue is free. for it to-day. Address L. J. Farmer, Dept. G.M., Pulaski, N. Y. Send 50c for our 112 page 25,000 copies Write The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 . Easy to Play Easy to Pay Saxophone Book Free Tells when to use Sax- gf ophone—singly, in sex- Easiest of all wind instruments 4 fa Play ud one of themost beau- iful. t ou can learn the scale in an hour’s practice and play Popular music in a few weeks. You can take your place in a band within 90 days, if you so desire. Unrivalled for home entertainment, church, lodge or 4) School. In big demand for or- 2 chestra dance music. The por- trait above is of Donald Clark, Soloist with the famous Paul White- man’s Orchestra, F ; 7 You may order any s Free Trial Buescher Instrument ., Without paying one cent in advance, and try 3 it sixdays in your own home, without obliga- tion. perfectly satisfied, pay for it on easy payments to Suit your convenience. Mention the instrument interested in and a complete catalog will be mailed free. BUESCHER BAND INSTRUMENT CO. Makers of) Everything in Band and Orchestra Instruments 76384 BUESCHER BLOCK ELKHART, INDIANA Beautiful Flowers— Symbol of Love,— Man’s Greatest Heritage from Above! My 1922 catalogue will be sent free, on request. Besides descriptions of the best American and Foreign varieties, it contains many illustrations of my MASTICK creations. Orders filled with field grown tubers only. M. G. TYLER 1660 Denver Ave., Portland, Oregon GLORIOUS DAHLIAS!! Wonderful Blooms ree Months of the Year To Boh Home and Bring You Good Cheer! Indiana Dahlia Farm New Albany, Ind. Home of the “King of Commerce” Dahlia RHODES DOUBLE CUT THE only f PRUNING SHEAR = pruner 5 eS made that cuts I7FTPB2Z_==—— from both sides of FA the limb and does not bruise the bark. Made in Patented all styles and sizes. All shears delivered free to your door. Write for circular and prices, Plan for Beautifying yox7 home grounds. Trained landscape architects prepare it. Use it this spring. Send foritnow. FREER. CHICAGO LANDSCAPE CO., 79 W. Monroe, CHICAGO ~ RHODES MFG. CO., 327 S. DIVISION AVE., GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. The ae Road Iris Gardens SPECIALIZE IN RARE AND FINE VARIETIES OF BEARDED IRISES Send for List Grace Sturtevant, Prop. Wellesley Farms, Massachusetts Ye Olde Fashioned Garden Plants Why not have a hardy, permanent border which gives you flowers from early April until late November. WE MAKE YOU A SPECIAL TRIAL OFFER. All plants are field grown clumps. A border 25 feet long and 4 feet wide, including 70 strong plants of the best varieties and blending colors covering the blooming season. Regular price $15.00. SPECIAL OFFER.—We will supply this collection, as a unit at $12.00, charges prepaid, providing cash accom- || panies the order. Order at once, shipment to be made next month. We specialize in Hardy Plants. We also offer Gladioli, Bedding Plants, Nut Trees, Roses, Small Fruits, etc. All grown in our own Nur- series. Write for our catalogue, probably not as large as some but very interesting, and the best varieties of plants and Bulbs offered. CLINTON NURSERIES WARREN W. RICHARDS, Manager Clinton, Conn. ‘“‘The Gladiolus for Profit’’ Teaches the gladiolus growing business from A-Z. Dis- closes the secrets of how to get the BIG PROFITS from a small garden or backyard. Second edition, 20 Chapters, 18,000 words, illustrations from actual photographs, Merits and Demerits, over 165 new gladiolus varieties discussed. Chapter on dahlias for cut flowers, alone worth $100.00. Hundreds of endorsements. $1.00 per copy, postpaid. Satis- faction or your money back. R. M. CHAMPE, Gladiolus Specialist, Box 61, Walled Lake, Mich. CHINESE HONEYSUCKLE Superior, heavy, Field Grown Roots at very moderate prices. Flow- ers pure white turning to yellow. Exquisitely fragrant, hardy and almost evergreen; flowers freely. Unequalled as rapid growers for covering fence, lattice or screen. Order early. 30c. each. $3.00 per dozen; $20.00 per hundred. For parcel post add 10% East of Missis- sippi—20% west. Delivery during April. MARY McD. BEIRNE Specialist in Chinese Honeysuckle Kipling’s Verse Complete in One Volume— RUDYARD KIPLING’S VERSE: Inclusive Edilicn, 1885-1918. More than 800 pages. Price, $5.00 (Leather, $10.00) Al all bookstores. Published at the Country Life Press. GARDEN ACCESSORIES IN STONE AND WOOD BENCHES ARBORS BIRD BATHS SUNDIAL PEDESTALS JAPANESE LANTERNS STONE MAIL BOXES BIRDHOUSES Catalogue on request NORTH SHORE FERNERIES COMPANY 188A Hale Street Beverly, Massachusetts HOME LAWN SERVICE Fine trees and plants artistically arranged are the finishing touches of the home. Let us help . you plan your planting. Write for our Free Book on Landscaping the Home Grounds. THE DINSMORE LANDSCAPE SERVICE 1242 Peters Ave. Troy, Ohio Ashland, Va. SN Established 1810 ALLOWAY POTTERY FOR GARDEN & INTERIOR Send 1O¢ in stamps for Catalogue of Bird Baths, Flower Vases, Boxes, ‘Sun Dials, Gazing Globes, Benches and other interesting pieces in durable Terra Cotta. GALLOWAY TERRA COITA ©, 3216 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA A Little Known Rudbeckia In his Breeze Hill Talks in the January, 1921 number of the GARDEN MaGazine, J. Horace McFarland tells us in a charmingly illustrated article, how satis- factory he found Rudbeckia triloba in the garden of W. C. Egan. I feel sure that you also will find this hardy biennial most pleasing. Hasily grown from seed which I. can supply at 25c per package, or I can send you strong young plants, prepaid, at 25c each, $2.50 per doz. Let’s get acquainted. Send for my little catalogue, Hardy Plants for Home Gardens, gladly sent free to any address. Not so large as some, but it is interesting, WwW. A. TOOLE Baraboo, Wis. Garry-nee-Dule WZ LLL dc, S The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 75 MICHELL’S SEED CATALOGUE describes the best in Flowers, Vegetables, Bulbs and Plants. It features Grass Seed extensively, which we make an important specialty; _there is a mixture for every lawn condition. Fertilizers and Insect Destroyers are listed in all the well-advertised and ‘‘recognized- as-the-best”’ kinds. Our line of Garden and Greenhouse Tools and Implements embraces every wanted one; supplies for the Poultry Yard are not overlooked, we handle the better kinds, including the famous Prairie State Incubators and Brooders. Behind everything we sell is a reputation of over Thirty Years of Successful Business. 4, WRITE FOR THE CATALOGUE TO-DAY. A POSTCARD WILL DO NEW, HARDY HYBRID TEA ROSE—“American Legion” Unquestionably the most sensational Hybrid Tea Rose that has been added to this class in recent years. It is a seedling from “MY MARYLAND” on “ORE ENGLISH” crossed with a seedling from ‘“SHADLEY” on “MILADY.” Anyone familiar with roses will instantly recognize all of these as strictly high- grade sorts. . The fragrance is somewhat like “AMERICAN BEAUTY,” the color, a beautiful shade of cerise; stems long, stiff and clothed with heavy, dark- green foliage. Blooms freely during the natural rose season, and continues dur- ing the summer and autumn months. PRICE: for strong, vigorous, pot-grown plants that will bloom the first sea- son, $2.50 each. Parcel Post, 25c. extra; 50c. extra for Parcel Post west of Mississippi River. Safe Arrival Guaranteed. ORDER NOW. Shipment willcommence about April 15th, weather permitting. 202 = American Legion Rose HENRY F. MICHELL CO. 520 Market Street Philadelphia, Pa. Che Mabdlia Fatm|| For The Garden “On the Sunrise Trail’’ at East Moriches Is there anything more beautiful than a well designed Fountain in a well chosen setting? DAHLIAS _ BYRON STREETER. Decorative. Fascinating shade of lilac purple, lightening on outer petals; overlaid with a wonderful bluish sheen. Immense flowers rigidly erect on long stems. Great cut flower. ......... $2.00 each MRS. ATHERTON. Decorative. We introduced this grand flower and each yearit proves better than we claimed. Mammoth blooms on strong stems. The peer of the best yellows................... $1.50 each LAURA BARNES. Peony. One of the grandest of all peony dahlias. Its immense orange red blooms and long stems always draw spontaneous criesof admiration from visitors............0.0-.e scence eeee $1.00 each For years the name of _ Mott has been identified with the best in Garden Ornaments of every de- scription in bronze and iron. Our Artists, Designers, and Modelers are at your service to meet special requirements. ARGYLE. Decorative. A marvelous flower of rich apricot, suflused carmine. Making a gorgeous effect. A fine exhibition variety. A glory in the garden and excellent shipper and keeper when cut......... $1.50 each DREAM. A new Holland Decorative that is ideal for garden and cutting. Peach Pink shot with an. amber glow, the beautifully formed flowers stand erect on long, strong stems, and when cut are unbeatable singly or “en ESI”, Aciiomce B08 Sipe bEae Rte aoe ee oe ee $1.00 each Mott Catalogues will be sent on request. They cover a wide field from Fountains to Stable Fit- tings and from Memorial Tablets to Electroliers. The above collection, express paid $5.00 SUNRISE COLLECTION, 12 tubers, our selection, Value $10.00, Express paid, $5.00. GLADIOLI A BED OF BEAUTY, 100 Invincible Mixture, Prepaid, $4.00 THE DAHLIA FARM, East Moriches, Long Island, New York ORNAMENTAL DEPT The J.L. MOTT IRON WORKS Fifth Avenue and Seventeenth Street, New York 76 The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 FREE % Boon KELLOGG’S Great Crops of TRAWBERRIE and How to Grow Them THE KELLOGG WAY Write quick for this valuable 68 page book of straw- berry information and art. Written by America’s most successful strawberry grower. Explains how he makes poor soil rich without manure or fertilizer and gives his secrets for growing the big: crops of sum- mer and fall strawberries that won him fame and for- tune. Pictures in colors and tells all about his won- derful new Eiverbearer that won the $1,000.00 Gash Prize. Shows 34 pages of strawberries, strawberry fields and gardens in natural color. Gives 30 tested recipes for making the most delicious strawberry dainties. Contains nothing but proven facts. Gives you the benefit of more than 40 years of successful Strawberry experience. Send for this valuable book and learn how easy it is to make big money growing Kellogg Strawberries The Kellogg Way. Worth its weight in gold--costs you nothing. Just send your name and address--a postal will do. ThebookisFREE. R. M. KELLOGG Co. BOX 293 THREE RIVERS, MICH. Only The Best In Gladioli— = ve A post card will bring you my 1922 nnn en Catalogue giving descriptions and il- SO m| lustrations of many of the finest glad- ioli grown, also bargain prices on early and special orders. The Home of GLADIOLUS ‘‘DOROTHY McKIBBIN’’ the new early ruffled pink. JOHN H. McKIBBIN 1309 Division Street, Goshen, Indiana 2A TRISES For Spring Planting Onrpers now accepted for early spring delivery. Our new descriptive catalogue, with special spring offers, mailed on request. VAN WERT IRIS GARDENS Lee R. Bonnewirz, Prop. Flowers for Every Type Washington St. Van Wert, Ohio of Hardy Garden Please note the beautiful effect that may be created among seemingly impossible rocks or rock steps as illustrated above. Hardy Aratis, Pinks, Sedums, Santolinas, Primrose, and Daisies will thrive most anywhere and produce brilliant effects. These are just a few of our specialties in hardy plants of particular usefulness in the making of rock gardens. These and hundreds of other worth while Hardy Special for Spring, 1922 Perennials are fully described and many of them illus- trated in our free catalogue, a copy of which is gladly ee eee 2 ca RHODODENDRONS PALISADES NURSERIES, Inc. IN CAR LOTS Sparkill New York Varieties AMAA Catawbiense, Carolinianum & Maximum ORCHIDS Largest importers and growers of OrcuHips in the United States Send twenty-five cents for catalogue. This amount will be refunded on your first order. LAGER & HURRELL Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J. KALMIA LATIFOLIA FRUIT TREES AND FRUIT PLANTS 15 Hollyhock Roots $1.00 Long’s superb rose-fiowered double hollyhocks, mixed colors, 15 for $1.00, prepaid. A Or, your choice of Newport Pink, White, Yellow, Red, alike or assorted, labeled, 12 for $1.00, prepaid. Seed, any color or mixed, pkt. 10c. Catalogue Free J. D. LONG Boulder, Colorado Price upon request—also General Price List MORRIS NURSERY COMPANY 1133 Broadway New York City, N.Y. GRAPE VINES = 1 each of four yarieties, 50c; 3 each, $1.00; Berry Plants Fruit Trees Siberian Irises. jo %02,°S2 0 leach of seyen varieties, including Innocenza, Gladiolus Dahlias German Irises. jcocie" sna” Pallida ‘Delmation, $00 Ww 1 P The offering 150 varieties ie pas meal of ter famous Black Hauent oe per division A e are large growers Ot Iris, 1€lies. emeroca ises ellow day-lilies. ree choice varieties, * ° early, medium, late, 50c for the th Ualionisais Mlstrated catalogue free ER Pot-grown rose bushes, on NE Ornamental Climber. ous, hardy. Beautiful berries. own roots, for everyone THE RANSOM FARM GE VA, OHIO Grows exactly like a grapevine, but does not look like one. 50c. anywhere. Plant anytime. | Seedsmen Nurserymen Prices include postage. Shipment about April 1. Old favorites and new and ORONOGO FLOWER GARDENS Carterville, Mo. =} e e e Beautiful Gladioli Tare sorts, the cream of the world’s produc- “> tions. ‘‘Dingee Roses” known as We will send prepaid for §2, fifty assorted Cut Flower Gladioli— the best for 71 CHOICE KINDS, not an UNNAMED seedling or POOR VARIETY ars. Safe de- in the lot. Bulbs are all of good blooming size. Each assortment in- per ts = cludes one labeled bulb ofeach Mrs. Dr. Norton, Lilywhite,Alice Tiplady, Anna Eberius, Evelyn Kirtland and Herada. Regular retail value of the six fine new varieties is $x. 50, and you get 44 others assorted from 15, livery guaran- teed anywhere in U.S. ofthe best kinds. Free price list of high-grade Dahlias and bedding plants. DuBois Dahlia Gardens Formerly of the Advance Dahlia Gardens All the latest and best creations including our own introductions. Write for catalogue. Write for a copy of Our “New Guide to Rose Culture” HOWARD GLADIOLUS GARDENS __ Republic, Mo, WATTS CALIFORNIA for 1922. It’s FREE AWAY WITH THE CESSPOOL lastest wonder Dine Roe ee —=Scott’s “= Lawn Seed= AWAY WITH time experience of the Oldest and Leading Rose aaa To-Grow a Secure all the sanitary comforts of Growers in America. A practical work on a city building by installing an rose and flower culture for the amat y Describes over soo varieties =, 4 Composed of seeds carefully selected for a eee ous _ t freedom from weed seeds and cleaned to RS. Plants, bu pone s Il t us use of washstands, bath- seeds and tells Wet remove waste matter. Ask for price and ia eae Showers, ate he Sentiemee how to grow Zi; y cs wn. a tanks of all Aten systems are made of con- them. Edition 4s booklet Weedless La Ss crete forms, not wooden forms. No expert Aten Sewage Disposal System Sour nee i 1 1 engineering service or experienced Established 1850 If you desire a private putting Green Sacer eign at esc ices ares i S Cretatnus request samples of German Mixed Bent a Te a = and Chewings Fescue. stall, nothing to get out of THE DINGEE & et Gay «=D O. M. SCOTT & SONS CO. ae “oy i Our booklet Bee | 311 Main Street No. 11 tells Marysville Ohio how and why. Sent f Somers Disposal Co. ee ee 286 6F ifth Ave., New York City The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 77 Sunlight Double-Glazed Sash Insure Positive Results; Earlier and Hardier Plants With Less Work Begin to harden off your plants now under Sunlight Double- Glazed Sash and you will have them ready for the outdoor bed two or three weeks before your earliest neighbor. The Working Principle of Sunlight Double-Glazed Sash Sunlight Double- Glazed Greenhouse These inexpensive Sun- light Double-Glazed Greenhouses are made entirely of cypress and glass, easily heated and can be operated at very little expense. {Sunlight Double-Glazed Green- houses come ready to put up and are easily erected. for Hot-beds and Cold-frames 927 EF, Broadway is based on two layers of glass, ¢ inch apart, which form a transpar- ent blanket over the bed letting in all the light all the time. No cover- ing is needed,—hence no mat or shutter nuisance, no worry, no trouble. The cold is excluded, the heat retained, even in the most severe weather. Sunlight Double-Glazed Sash means a successful garden and strong, healthy, and hardy plants. Write for free illustrated catalogue. It contains valuable advice and information for amateur gardeners. You will find it interesting. Sunlight Double-Glass Sash Company Division of Anderson Mfg. Co. Est. 1860 Louisville, Ky. Gardening with Brains By Henry T. Finck FASCINATING treatise on how to A grow flowers, fruit, and vegetables in your own'garden. A book you will treasure for its charming account of the mysteries of living, growing things. It gives much practical information, but is in no sense concerned with dry fact and statis- tics. It gives you the benefit of the au- thor’s own fifty years’ experience as a horti- cultural epicure. It contains little surprise thoughts on “When Vegetables Get Pneu- monia,’ “The Intelligence of Flowers,” “The Practical Common Sense of the Po- tato,” etc. Luther Burbank calls these chapters, “‘the best that have so far been written on garden subjects.” $2.50. Harper & Brothers, Publishers Established 1817 New York The Grace of Evergreens The unchanging, dignified charm of an evergreen is like the steady, unwavering, quiet friendship of an old comrade. [ts beauty is dignified, yet friendly, welcoming always—whether it be blustering Winter OF BUSHES SURI : Send 10c for our 1922 Ever- Every home should have a setting of carefully chosen ever- green Book—full of inform- greeens—but, they should be very carefully chosen. They ing evergreen selection and should be only evergreens of known quality, such as planting facts. HILL’S EVERGREENS Specify Hill’s Evergreens when consulting with your Land- scape Architect, Nurseryman or Florist. We have been Eyer- green specialists,for over three generations. Are ina position to supply choicest specimens of every desirable variety—millions of evergreens always in stock. Safe Delivery and Satisfaction: Guaranteed. Write for copy of our latest Evergreen Book. - THE D. HILL NURSERY CO., Inc. Evergreen Specialists for Over 60 Years 106 Cedar Street Dundee, III. » Ine. HODGSON‘ The D. Hill Nursery Co. “Used Six Years—No Repairs” i [eres a Hodgson Portable House that makes an ideal country home, seaside or mountain cottage. Two unskilled men can erect it in two days. Such Hodgson Homes stand for ten or fifteen years without needing repairs. This is the result of finest materials put together by expert work- men. A Hodgson pet house or poultry house, or portable garage is planned and constructed just as carefully-as the larger buildings. Our illustrated catalog shows every type and size of Hodgson Portable Houses and their many uses. We should be glad to send one to you at our expense. Hodgson Houses are used for sea- side and mountain cottages, bungalows, garages, playhouses, poultry and pet houses, offices, schools, gymnasiums, and innumerable other purposes. E. F. HODGSON CO. Room 228, 71-73 Federal Street, Boston, Mass. 6 East 39th Street, New York City 78 The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 Fenton’s Hybridized Dahlia Seed THE WORLD’S BEST One package of Fenton’s Hybridized Dahlia Seed holds more pleasure than if you grew all the named Dahlias in the world. Why? You grow the Black Pearl and you know you get Biack Pearl. Grow Fenton’s Best White and a white is com- a ss ; ‘ “s ing. But when you sow Fenton’s Hybridized Seed, you do rd SQ 7 th : eo : not know what is coming! Fifty to hundred beautiful Dah- 5 x + cia lias, no two alike, will result, at a cost of but $3.00. ‘‘Plants That Keep Faith’’—For Real Success Youll get a ee every momine for 90 cae Grow, ; 5 t d ild. - A dependable stock of superior small fruit plants selected from the emuasiyougmould jaigood,shealthy: child” Do nelyeaos famous collection of the country’s foremost specialist in berry culture. lice suck their vitality out of them. Give them a shower bath every evening after a hot day. Plant them deep. A Supremely Tasteful Strawberries, Luscious Raspberries, Giant BJackberries, child can plant a Dahlia, but it takes a lover of the beautiful Gooseberries and Currants, Splendid Heavily Rooted Grapes. to grow a Dahlia.—Pa Fenton. These and a complete stock of garden roots, fruit trees, roses, hardy perennials and other ornamental plants are listed in a fine new catalogue, No. 104, which is sent for the asking. Free advice by a berry expert to all who are interested. Address Orders to FENTON’S DAHLIA FARM J. 1. LOVETT, SBox125)) LID TLEVSIEVER, Neen oe ee acne 771 Buena Vista Avenue San Francisco, Cal. Reliable Dahlias for Particular People Surplus stock of high grade field grown dahlia bulbs offered in the following assortment: Decoratives, $5 and $10 per dozen varieties, postpaid Paeony-flowered, $3.50 and $5 per dozen varieties, postpaid Caetus and hybrid exctus, $3.50, $5 and $10 per dozen varieties, postpaid Show and hybrid show, $8.50 and $5 per dozen varieties, postpaid Pompons, $2.50 and $5 per dozen varieties, postpaid Each tuber labelled and guaranteed true to name. May delivery. Cash with order. Sarah M. Wakeman Life Member A. D. S. Southport, Conn. FAIRFAX ROSES are widely known for their exquisite beauty, deep fragrance of delicate re- finement—and long life. Fairfax Rose plants are nurtured under natural condi- tions—outdoors—wintered, and acclimated to all cli- mates; tough canes and vigorous roots impart a hardi- ness to Fairfax plants which assures thriving growth any- jf where, and a full, free and beauteous bloom the first season. New Fairfax Rose Book Free Send for new Rose-Book, containing beautiful illustra- tions and descriptions of roses—ROYAL. ROSES OF PURITY AND BEAUTY—with valuable facts on grow- ing roses. W. R. GRAY Box 6 Oakton, Fairfax County Virginia DELPHINIUMS IMPROVED HYBRID VARIETIES, ALL SEEDS FROM CHOICEST SEEDLINGS, producing flower spikes 6 feet in height. COLORS RANGE FROM PALEST BLUE TO DEEPEST INDIGO. Many are suffused with white and rosy-mauve, having conspicuous black or white eyes. NO GARDEN IS COMPLETE WITHOUT THESE BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS EXPENSIVE TO RAISE FROM PLANTS, BUT EASILY GROWN FROM SEEDS. SEEDS 50c PER PACKAGE ELIZABETH ROCKWELL GOSHEN, INDIANA E CAN furnish the ev- ergreens, shade trees, shrubs, climbers, roses and hedges that will add to the beauty and value of your home. For after al!, your house is only artificial. Give it surroundings of nat- ural beauty by planting ornamental trees and shrub- bery. Send for catalogue listing everything for plant- ing park, lawn or orchard. The Morris Nurseries Box 804, West Chester, Pa. P.O. Box 101 IRIS and PHLOX for Spring Planting We-can’t grow them all so we try to have the best. To induce a trial order we will send 12 choice Iris worth $4.00 for $3.00. Darius. Ingeborg, Isolene, Loreley, Mme. Chereau, Mrs. Darwin, Nibelungen, Queen of May, Rhein Nixe, Sherwin-Wright, Walhalla, Walner- jana. Iris in choice mixture $1.00 per 12, $5.00 per 100, $45.00 per 1000. Mixed Phlox $1.50 per 12, $10.00 per 100. Postal card request brings Price List. “‘Let us improve our homes and make every spot within and without a pleasure to the beauty-loving eye.’’ Geo. N. Smith WELLESLEY HILLS, 82, MASS. Gladvista Gardens Gladioli Are the Glory of a multitude of gardens, bright, pure new colors, Gold, Lavendar, Red, White and Blue and an endless array, to brighten many a summer day. For Bulb-list address, F.C. Hornberger, Hamburg, N. Y. b di Learn to know us {60°92 12 Exhibition Large Flowering Gladiolus bulbs (all colors); Pkts. of the most wonderful tomato on earth, “The Diener.” The greatest New Red Aster, “The Heart of France,” and 50 varieties of Annual and Perennial Flower Seeds, including our FOR SALE Surplus Dahlia tubers from a private collection of over 250 varieties, mostly novelties. One dozen, all different and all labeled, my selection, $4.50 postpaid. Also a small lot from which the labels have become detached, per dozen $1.50 postpaid. BELLPORT, L. I. catalogue of Rare Gladioli, Plants, Flower and Vegetable seeds, ROSE SIDE GARDENS Warwick Chester Co., Pa. BOX 419 W.F.BROWN, Dahlia Specialist 46 Palmer Street, Norwich, Conn. The Dahlia that you ought to grow, the color is magnifi- cent; its size is mammoth, its stem is long and stout, its form is superb, its habits are without fault. Try a ROB- ERT O. FLETCHER in 1922, price in reach of all. BOX-BARBERRY Superlative Gladioli The Ideal Edging Plants for Northern Gardens Louise, The Wondertul yywys. Frank Pendlcton. Blue-Lavendar Gladio- The most popular pink, beau- lus. So beautiful in color tiful shade of pink with ox- and form that it has been sub- blood blotch. Large flowers, stituted for orchids in floral $1.00 per dozen, $6.00 per i Heat bulb: Paes Tae 50 perder en : peck Send for Catalogue of over 1,000 other Varieties Golden Measure. An all Ida Van. Beautiful orange : pure yellow, fine large flower red or flame pink, fine for and spike. The best yellow bedding. soc per doz., $3.50 yet produced. WLarge bulbs, per 100. $2.50 each, $25.00 per doz. Lilywhite. An early, pure America. Old standard and white, very choice and fine. popular flesh pink. large Bulbs. $2.50 per doz. young bulbs, $2.00 per 100. All sent prepaid at these prices. Catalogue of over 90 choice new and old varieties sent free on request. Re Bie 2S : ee Sue J. C. GROSSMAN, Wolcottville, Indiana Formal garden on grounds of Mr. Haskell bordered with : BOX-BARBERRY. Chas. W. Leavitt, Landscape Architect, =} The Romance of Our Trees by ERNEST H. WILSON, M.A., V.M.H. For tree lovers and book lovers, both. Limited Edition. Illustrated. Net, $10.00 Published at the Country Life Press, DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO, In seeking an attractive dwarf hedge for use on the grounds of J. Armory Haskell, Red Bank, N.J.,which would meet the following requirements 1. Absolute hardiness z 2. Ability to withstand severe shearing 3. Uniformity of growth and habit 4. Attractive winter fruiting effect 5. Freedom from disease and insect attack BOX-BARBERRY stood out preéminently among all the other plants considered. Due to increased demand and large propaga- tions, prices have been greatly reduced for spring, 1922. THE ELM CITY NURSERY CO. Woodmont Nurseries, Inc. Box 191 NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT Originators and Introducers of Box-Bavberry, lbolium Privet EASY TO KILL WEE AND MULCH THE SO Don’t do garden work the & Slow backbreakineways ile t makes the finest gardens ate: Pe possible—quickly, easily. Simply ULTIVATOR push along rows (like lawn mower) AND C —8 blades revolving against under-¢ ground knife destroy the weeds and in same operation break the crust intoa level, porous, moisture-retaining mulch, Aeratesoil. ‘‘Best Weed Killer Ever Used.'’ Has leaf guards, also shovels for deeper cultivation, A boy can run it—do more and better work than 10 Pas men with hoes. Write for FREE BOOK Illustrated book, postpaid, gives prices de- livered to your station, contains valuable in- formation on gardening, letters from users, etc. Acard bringsit. Write today. BARKER MFG. Co. Box 11 David City, Neb. L ANIORRA High Grade Stock of Ornamental JN Trees and Shrubs. Catalogue on request. ANDORRA NURSERIES WM. WARNER HARPER, Prop. Cuestnur Hitu PHILADELPHIA The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 79 Winter H for Song Bird inter Homes for Song birds Garden Color Schemes Ts fascinating subject is featured in Vaug- han’s Gardening Illustrated for 1922. Nine- teen color scheme planting plans are given for the benefit of beginners. Others may make their own plans with the aid of 57 plates of flowers in full color. This seed catalog, so unlike others, a magazine of home garden information 1 Bird Homes. They are ornamen- ; Give them Crescent Bird Home y Sersniieree Gn request, tal and practical. They last because they are made from the very best materials. Three of these little homes for $5.00. Postage extra. Weight about 10 lbs. CRESCENT COMPANY Toms River “*Birdville”’ New Jersey A Garden of Vaughan’s Gladioli | YELLOW ; SCARLET Sold in a New Way DAHLIAS GRAPES in Every Yard Fruit delicious and plentiful. These are most excellent varieties for table, jellies or juice. Large three-year-old roots, with strong canes that will fruit early. Campbell’s Early it. Special Offer 731— $4.00, Prepaid NE HUNDRED blooming-size _ bulbs, sufficient to plant the above border, 3x12 feet, will be sent prepaid for $4.00. Four distinct named varieties of our selection will be given, twenty-five bulbs each, of the colors shown in the border plan, viz.: 1, 25 crimson; 2, 25 pink; 3, 25 yellow, and 4, 25 scarlet. Gladiolus Peonies Iris and Phlox (all field grown) A catalogue explaining a selling and growing plan unique and valuable sent for the asking. J. Rene Thonet’s Reading Gardens 52 So. Main Street, Reading, Mass. VAUGHAN’S SEED STORE 10-12 W. Randolph St. 41 Barclay St. Chicago, Ill. New York bunch and berry. Price 90c. each, postpaid. e New, Red; extremely handsome, com- Lucile pact clusters. Enormously produc- tive. Price 75c. each, postpaid. as The standard, white grape; Niag ara sweet, juicy and productive. Price 75c. each, postpaid. One Plant of Each Variety $2. Postpaid Send your order to-day. Vines will be shipped at proper time for planting. i C t a ee ee T. S. HUBBARD COMPANY of 120 years’ selecting and testing. BOX 18, FREDONIA, N. Y. ASTRAWBERRY PLA From Whitten always g’ow Because 32 years’ experience gives us the “know how,” Whitten plants always grow and produce large, luscious berries %s5. p all season. 'xceptionally heavy-rooted, healthy plants guar- anteed, Learn about “‘Eaton—The Strawberry Supreme” and “‘Collins—The King of the Canners.”” ‘Our catalog, illustrated in colors gives full details. Also, we offer the best in Raspberries, Blackberries, Dewberries, GrapeVines, etc. Send for free 1922 catalog TODAY. Cc. E. WHITTEN & SON, Box 10 Bridgman, Mich. IRISES GLADIOLI PEONIES SPECIAL OFFER Sothat you may have the pleasure and success which many others have had with our plants we makea special offer of 10 choice Irises worth $4.40 for $3.50: Caprice, Celeste, Eldorado, Fairy, Gertrude, Jacque- siana, Mme. Chereau, Monsignor, Pallida Datmatica, Sherwin- Wright. Also 12 choice Gladioli worth $1.25 for $1.00: America, Evelyn. Kirtland, Fire King, Jean Dieulafoy, Jessie, Mrs. Watt, Mrs. Frank Pendleton. Peace, Prince of Wales, Rosella, War, Schwaben. Both offers postage paid. A request will bring our instructive catalogue. FOREST HEIGHTS GARDENS 1815 26th Ave. No. Dept. G. Minneapolis, Minn. Y, “EXPOSITION SIX DAHLIAS” W “Lp, were the six most popular vari- w & .Y eties selected from the actual : d : uG = e actual WG Earliness and quality combined. © Yplooms of 250 varieties W ¢ = “raz SUNRISE TOMATO—The earliest, oBUu Wy at the Indianapolis wW & g ‘ most productive, good sized, scarlet R= Uy Exposition attend- = G7 N ) SRE | fruit Prery even, of fine "quality, PpBgH Uy ed by 150,0 W 3 n 4 EN with solid meat and few seeds. Soa O G z le. WwW go Ro oe! §616 DAY RADISH—Oval, white- oe AHA 3 Uy peek ow 2 Variety maturing in early spring. Quality unsurpassed. as “Nas gq so a.0 Um PERPETUAL LETTUCE—AIll season head lettuce. be nant WS Uy, D2 ° £ yy LITTLE MARVEL TURNIP—The earliest white globe Ni Qo WN A Uy, 3 Q2Qn oe turnip, crisp, solid flesh of delicious flavor. No <5 DOWN ggre-py = eS Try this collection at our expense. The money you S>gHo WS gate price YY B45 i send will apply on your first order. Send 25¢ and ask Toe Ww Uy Si gi for Sunrise Collection No.313 .and we will send by re- yo aw on these bulbs Uy Tl aes ga) fom mail Bee 6 Hecker Cr as Hest aS eoest ceca Die on n = SA seeds, our illustrated catalog and a -Cen ebate 37-5 w 1S $2.15. Send Uy 2.9 Sheck to apply on your first order of $1.00 or more. ro) w $1.75 and get these bulbs. Uy S Catalog Free—Our 85th annual Catalog of Carters \\S BASH’S SEED STORE UY Tested and Selected Seeds will be mailed free to anyone \ WN \ mentioning this magazine. CARTERS TESTED SEEDS, Inc., 53 Barclay St.,N.Y.City (Consolidated with J. M. Thorburn & Co.) 1922 Beautiful Dahlia Ss 1922 Canadian Branch, 133 King St. E., Toronto, Ont. a5 Choice ae See labeled, $1.00. G. & R. Hardy Roses Sent postpaid anywhere Dahlias are easily zrown from seed. Will bloom in ten weeks time. 150 Selected Seed, from Choice Double Varieties, 25c. pkt. Send for our “‘Up-To-Date” Dahlia Catalogue. It’s free to all. ENTERPRISE DAHLIA FARM HARRY L. PYLE Atco, New Jersey Since 1856 LA On their own roots. Sure to bloom. True to name. Rainbow Collection 5 Hardy Roses. Different Colors Columbia—Rich Pink Crusader—Velyety crimson Gladys Holland—Buff and orange Madam Butterfly—Pink, apricot & gold Alexander Hill Gray—tIyory-cream- flushed Mailed Postpaid $ toany address. Guaranteed to reach you in good growing condition. All G. & R. roses are grown in large quantities, which enables us tosell them at moderate prices. Over four million roses sold by us last year. SPECIAL OFFERS 6 Hardy Chrysanthemum Earlier Than You Ever Had Before Hundreds of Market Gardeners are more than doubling their profits by using my wonderful Plant Forcing devices. Don’t be satisfied with a garden like the other fellow—beat him to it. My Unique Catalogue will tell you the difference between budded and own root roses. We have ten thousand of the strongest field-grown budded-roses ever offered for sale. Many sorts are a yard high in fact they are all specimen plants. embracing all colors. - - $1.00 No “melicr Lom lpaéerad Gite T = 6 Gladioli—Cream of newer sorts, selected colors - - - - - - $1.00 ssi a oe = it’: > with hey are winter-rested as I have not one See IB ery TIris—Choice colors—assorted - - - - - - - - - $1.00 - “< * ADEE AES EB in ecorative Ferns—New sorts, Roosevelt, Teddy Junior and foot of glass. CUNEIRePSR EES eae ee ee se $1.00 The Ball Seed & Plant Forcer 4 Dahlias. A very select list which iucludes the most desirable : Send for catalogue to-day colors: Springfield—Salmon Pink, Cactus. King of Autumn— cheap enough to use them by the thousands. Send for my Beautiful Free Buff, Decorative. Mina Burgle—Richest Red, Decorative. Flor- BOOK. HOW toGROW BIGGER, BETTER and EARLIER ROBERT E HUGHES Rose adora—Oxblood Crimson, Cactus. = - - - = -.- - = - $1.00 CROES ae you eyer had before. ae gives you gardening information found a = Sor . « . ~ no other publication. It tells you how you can have a garden with flowers in Y Specialist Special Offer—The 6 BOLE AOaE mailed eS for $5.00 full bloom and yegetables for your table a month earlier than you ever had Complete Catalogue mailed on application. before. Just drop me a postcard and I'll send you your copy by return mail. b] = ~ THE GOOD & REESE COMPANY Largest Rose Growers inthe World E I Box 103 Springfield, Ohio Department ‘“‘E”’ Glenside, Pa. Co Ss The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 See Huntington Prices Before You Do Your Spring Planting ELECT your gladioli from the most complete list in America. Finest annual seeds, highest quality peren- nial plants. Separate list of peren- nial seeds of over two hundred varieties for you to select from. Prices in keeping with thetimes. Service better than ever before. Every item guaranteed to be true to name, fresh, clean stock, large enough to bloom the first season. All seeds guaranteed to show satisfactory high percentage of ger- mination. Write to-day for catalogue. Every item listed is grown on our own grounds under our own direction except those few things which are pro- duced in higher quality in other sections. Your name on, a postal brings it to you FREE. RALPH E. HUNTINGTON Painesville - = = Ohio 80 Feet of Sweet Peas, $2 Our special offer includes 13 packets; enough to plant eighty feet of row. Here are the sorts; note the range of colors— AGRICOLA Blush and lilac Ciara CourRTIS Primrose Don ALV4R Silvery blue DRAGONFLY Layender-rose EARL SPENCER Orange-salmon EMPRESS EUGENIB Gray and lavender Fiery Cross Orange-scarlet JACK TaR Deep blue KING WHITE Pure white MarGARET ATLEP Pink on cream Mrs. R. Hattum Cream-pink NUBIAN Chocolate OROHID Lavender, suffused pink Thirteen varieties (separate packets) $2 postpaid. With or without this Sweet Pea special, we'll gladly send our new catalogue of flower and vegetable seeds. If you want to know about Hunt quality, send for a copy. WILLIAM M. HUNT & COMPANY, Inc. 148 Chambers St., New York City NUT TREES ARE Dual-Purpose Trees Tall, shapely, graceful—they make ideal lawn trees, and live to an old age. In addition, they produce annual crops of the finest nuts, provided Jones’ improved grafted trees are planted. Be careful not to plant seedling trees, as their fruit is frequently worthless. All of the trees I sell are grafted, and I can also supply larger transplanted trees for quick results. These are as reasonable in price as most other shade trees of like size and quality. Catalogue free J. F. Jones, gee Box G, Lancaster, Penna. Brooder for 50 to 100 chicks No. 3 Poultry House for 60 hens—2 units Setting Coop STRONG, HEALTHY CHICKENS are raised in Hodgson warmanddry, Easy to clean and convenient to move. Poultry Houses. These practical, attractive houses There’s a Hodgson Poultry House for every purpose, can be erected in less than an hour. They are guaranteed to be the best the market affords. Write weather proof, vermin proof, thoroughly ventilated, to-day for illustrated catalogue. HODGSO Portable E. F. HODGSON CO., Room 311, 71-73 Federal St., HOUSES Boston, Mass. 6 East 39th St., New York City Irises, Peonies and Gladioli The Flowers that Bloom from April until October Order now for early spring delivery. We are growers and importers of the choice varieties. Over 600 varieties of Irises. Our ideal soil conditions enable us to grow the finest of roots and bulbs. Our selected varieties of Irises and Peonies withstand our extremes of weather and are therefore acclimated to grow well in all parts of the United States and Canada. Our Gladioli are selected from the best varieties. We ship with the idea to please, and that we succeed in this respect is shown by the number of repeat orders received. Send to-day for our new Free, illustrated catalogue, 4th Edition RAINBOW GARDENS 701-2 COMMERCE BUILDING ST. PAUL, MINN. 1 AM GLAD Let This BARTLETT Jointed Tree Trimmer Do the Stretching To be still selling GL ADS. vee don’t have to climb a Ladder when you P 2 thi i i I Offer: COLLECTION A (order by this name). Three (3) 4 ina Tt eo eee toate ae bulbs each: America, Annie Wigman, Burrel, Blue Hybrids, iF fl 12 or x6 foot pole. Halley, Queenly, Primulinas Hybrids, Meadowvale, War, Mrs. " nth * King. These 30 bulbs, all marked and 500 bulblets, postpaid, | Ee f Compound Leveriead males ne large dims “out for $1.00. (Beyond Fifth Zone add 5c). Hk ae wonseaneson, SS. aaa COLLECTION E. One each: Anna Eberius, Autumn Queen, i; 8-toot—2 sections Crimson Glow, Flora, Goliath, Halley, Le Marechal Foch, 3 12-foot—3 sections Prince of Wales, Red Emperor, and 500 bulblets, worth $2.30, ‘ns We 16-foot—4 sections all marked, postpaid, for $1.50. H OR i Pd Sent, prepaid, if y é we Catalogue for 1922, f F Ask ce pee oe Hand Drones Snen eee listing, Byron L,Smith, Kemp’s Wonders, Marshal Foch (K), é Shears and Long Pole Pruners. and several Diener and Kunderd varieties, free. i: Geo. S. Woodruff, BoxG, Independence, Iowa | ff] BARTLETT MANUFACTURING CO. B} 6G! 29 East Lafayette Ave., Detroit, Mich. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE A quarterly illustrated magazine devoted exclusively to the subjects of COUNTRY, TOWN and ESTATE PLANNING. TOWNSEND’S TRIPLEX The Greatest ——- ls, Cuts a Swath Grass-Cutter nt R 86 Inches on Earth al \ Wide Subscription $3.00 per year—Foreign $3.50 Landscape Architecture Publishing Co. Brookline, 46, Mass. Floats Over the Uneven Ground as a Ship Rides the Waves One mower may be climbing a knoll, the second skimming a level, and the third paring a hollow. Drawn by one horse and operated by one man, tne TRIPLEX will mow more lawn ina day than the best motor mower ever made; cut it better and at a fraction of the cost. Drawn by one horse and operated by one man, it will mow more lawn in aday than any three ordinary horse-drawn mowers with three horses and three men. Distinctive ZANE-WARE GARDEN POTTERY Does not smash the grass to earth and plaster it in the mud in springtime, neither does it crush the life out of the grass between hot rollers and hard, hot ground in summer, as does the motor mower. Entirely new designs suitable for exterior decoration, made in a Gray Stone finish. The public is warned not to purchase mowers infringing the Townsend Patent, No. 1,209,519, December 19th, 1916, Write for catalogue illustrating all types af Lawn Mowers S. P. TOWNSEND & CO. 248 Glenwood Avenue Bloomfield, N. J. The Zane Pottery Co. South Zanesville, Ohio The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 8 Have the Earliest Vegetables Start Your Plants Early THE FAME OF JACOBS BIRD-HOUSES “= ba IN EVERY LAND Beautify your grounds and help your bird neighbors by using the JACOBS colony houses for the Purple Martin. Individual nest-boxes for the Bluebird, Wren, Chickadee, Swallow, Nuthatch, Titmouse, Flicker and Woodpeckers. Bird Baths and Drinking Fountains; Feeding Devices for Win- ter Birds. Government Sparrow Traps and Bird Bander’s Traps. Beautiful illustrated booklet describing our products free. Name this magazine and receive a copy of: The American Bird-House Journal. Over 39 years’ experience with birds. JACOBS BIRD-HOUSE AND MANUFACTURING Co. Waynesburg, Pa. Place them in Bands and by having large plants gain several weeks on the season. If you cannot get them from your seedsman, a package of 250 will be sent postpaid for: They never know they have been moved THE A. W. HARRIS MFG. CO. 105 E. Pine St. Sleepy Eye, Minn. It-indle HUMUS For the Price is the Best and Cheapest Sertility Maker It is unequaled for increasing the fertil- ity and yield of the vegetable garden: For producing more and better flowers: For making new and restoring old lawns and tennis courts. Humus makes a clay soil friable and a sandy soil to hold moisture. It has no equal as a mulch for things growing. It has no odor, weed seeds or litter. The soil needs nitrogen gathering bacteria—humus is alive with them. Plants need food— humus has an abundance of it. The productiveness of soil is determined by the amount of humus it contains. 13 in. square $1.00 © Qe as 1.25 Benes os 1.50 GROW STRAWBERRIES Unequalled as a cash crop. Have paid well every year since long before the war. $500 to $rooo profit per acre is not unusual. Every farm and town garden should have a patch for the home table. Start right. Our plants are dug from a rich, loamy soil. Vigorous and healthy. We ship fresh plants, tru -to-name and properly packed under the personal supervision of an Allen Allen’s Book of Berries for 1922 tells how to grow big, luscious Strawberries for meee and table. Describes the Premier—best of all Straw berries—Progressive Everbearing, which will yield until heavy frosts, and many others. Write to-day for Tee copy. - ALLEN’S THE W. F. ALLEN COMPANY 75 MARKET STREET SALISBURY, MARYLANDBS) MANN B RSo ue make and erect HENCE for Eanes Division ees, Orchards, Gardens, Farms, Tennis 3 Court Inclosures, Poultry and Dog Runs. Entrance Gates Recon arches Catalogue and Prices on Request BROOK IRON WORKS, INC. Dept. G 37 BARCLAY STREET NEW YORK CITY $5.00 for 5, 100 lb. bags, f. o. b. Stanhope, N. J. H. B. PRINDLE 70 East 45th Street, New York California Dahlias Our 1922 Illustrated Catalogue of Information The Choicest Exhibition Varieties CHOICE AND RARE PEONITIES AT REASONABLE PRICES SEND FOR LIST petitors. Crowded with op- portunity for money- -making and big fees. O. L. RINGLE, Wausau, Wis. Collins Collection of Five Finest 2-yr.-old Regular $5.50 Value 3 50 Sent Postpaid for. . ° We have chosen five of our finest roses, reserving strong, sturdy two-year plants of each, costing $1.10 singly, for this collection. The whole cojor range of rose beauty is covered by ; K. AUG. VICTORIA—soft, pearly white BETTY—hbewitching yellow and pink MME. CAROLINE TESTOUT—silver-edged pink RADIANCE—bDrilliant carmine pink GRUSS AN TEPLITZ—richest searlet We Guarantee them to Bloom This Year Order this collection of hardy bouquet favorites and assure yourself THIS SUMMER a brilliant, colorful, fragrant garden. Order direct from advertisement. Roses will be inailed promptly and we will send you FREE copy of Collins Big Catalogue of finest seeds, plants, roots, nursery stock, fruit trees, etc. ARTHUR J. COLLINS & SON Box 23 Moorestown, New Jersey ‘ Advance Dahlia Gardens Box E, Compton, California "TERRA COTTA figures of all kinds of animals (deer, dogs, water birds, parrots in swing, owls, etc.) Gnomes of great variety, groups such as Red Riding Hood and wolf, giant mushrooms, and tree stumps for garden-seats, of various sizes. Unequalled workmanship and finish, na- ture-like appearanceand color. Many figures suitable for li- brary, living-room, music- room or sun-room, greenhouse or reception hall. On exhib- ition at the International Flower Show,Grand Central Palace (Main Floor), March 13th to zoth. 5 eo , 000 to $10,000 incomes attained by experts. Easy to master under our correspondence methods, Diploma awarded. We assist students and graduates in getting started and developing their businesses. Established 1916. Write for information: it wil] open your eyes. Do it to-day. American Landscape School, 15-M, Newark, New York RUSTIC ART_Garden Sieaare of Charm Send for illustrated sheets **C”’ state kind of figures desired TERRA COTTA ART CO., IN 726 E. gist Street, near Lex- ington Avenue, New York City 82 PICEA albertiana var. conica. Picea albertiana var. conica. A beautiful, pyramidal evergreen tree of slender proportions. The Garden Magazine, March, 1922 RARE NEW EVERGREENS (April-May Delivery) Its density of short, silvery green needles gives it the appearance of a Retinospora, rather than a tree; a rare and valuable plant. 6 to 8 inches . $2.00 each ~ 8 to 10 inches 3.00 each 10 to 12inches . 12 to 14 inches . . $4.00 each 5.00 each FARQUHAR FAMOUS FLOWER SEEDS are known from the Atlantic to the Pacific for QUALITY—the result of over 30 years’ experience in the selection of the best types by us the world over. Complete collections of all the best varieties will be found in our Garden Annual—mailed free on application. R. & J. FARQUHAR COMPANY WrenHouse, solid oak, cypress shingles, copper coping, 4. com- artments, 28 inches high, 18 inches diameter: Price $6. 00. Purple Martin House, cottage style, 28 compartments, 32x27 inches, Price $16.00, Other styles up to $78.00, Boston, Mass. Dodson Bird Houses Pve found March the best month to put out new bird houses. They have a chance to season a little before the birds come. It’s the early birds, too, that need protection. Ste A came President, American Audubon Association Here are the houses—that have saved hundreds of trees and shrubs Last March, 500 Dodson Bird Houses of various designs were installed at the Olympia Fields Country Club,Chicago. During the sum- mer every house was occupied. The club grounds were alive with birds, bird songs filled the air. More than this—the trees, shrubs and greens were protected from insect pests. The trouble- A few Dodson Bird Houses scattered thru your garden—one hanging from a tree—will attract the birds. Mr. Dodson has created them after thirty years’ loving study of the birds, They are most picturesque and built of staunch | materials. We send them to you anywhere. Let them add a touch of refinement to your some mosquitowasmateriallyreducedinnumber. grounds. Write to Mr. Dods ott, By ae JOSEPH H. DODSON eee 709 HARRISON AVENUE KANKAKEE, ILLINOIS , Armsful ~ of them— August- October Here is a perennial *— which stands head and . shoulders above others —for cut flower pur- _/ poses. MHelenium or = Sneezewort not only makes a spectacular show in the autumn garden, but the cut flowers are of exceptionally last- ing qualities. acces Autumnale Rubrum The Hardiest of The Family The color is old gold suffused with bright terra-cotta, changing to wall flower red. $5.00 per doz.; $35.00 per 100. Complete Catalogue to America’s Largest Stocks of Hardy Plants free on request. WAYSIDE GARDENS Mentor, Ohio = SNOUT HTC UT 0 TT Largest Growers of Perennials in America It is one thing to makea garden and another to keep that garden going! There is no question but that gardening enthusiasm is easily squashed when the work of cultivating the growing crops becomes a hardship. Old fashioned tools stand for backaches and meager rewards for hard work. Lucky indeed is the gardener who has at his disposal: Gilson Garden Tools The Equipment for Greater Crops In most soils, cultivation is more necessary than fertilization. Given a good average garden soil, the matter of crops will be determined entirely by the amount of cultivation given the plants. Of the vast number of garden cultivators available, none serve in better fashion than Gilson Weeders— The Safe Tool for Gardeners of All Ages No other tool ever invented has made good on as big a scale as Gilson Weeders. It is the tool with which every stroke counts. Back and forth the double edge rocker blade travels through the soil, cutting off weeds, pulverizing the soil. Absolutely the safest garden tool for children, who can use it as effectively as grown-ups. Made in four sizes, as follows: OF ma, WEG iOr nemo HOWE oc cocnacssoca0bedocAoonaes $1.05 5 in. Blade for heavy soil Gin yBladelforlichter'soilee-rea-ieeniee eee beeen oe a is Suns lade ton widesLOWS) cciseeel-taeiciieieeloced stairs selene nisl corset etecrere ste ora ohncie tomers Tf your dealer does not handle Gilson Tools, we will supply the Weeders at above prices, postpaid with handle. Liberty The Adjustable Cultivator for 3 All Round Gardening Cult tvators The Liberty stands foremost as the greatest advance made in the scientific shape of cultivator teeth. These teeth sink into the soil naturally, no downward pressure needed. They cut the weeds, besides uprooting them. By removing center tooth, both sides of seedling row may be cultivated at once. Liberty Cultivators are made in 3 sizes, with 5, 7 and 9 V shaped cutting teeth. Made either as a hand cultivator, or, attached to a light yet exceedingly strong wheel frame, becoming a most powerful Wheelhoe. Prices, 5 Tooth Liberty Hand Cultivator, $1.15; 7 Tooth, $1.45; 9 Tooth, $1.70. Wheel Outfit, 14 inch Wheel with 7 Tooth Cultivator, $3.70. Hand Cultivators, delivery postpaid, with handle; Wheel Outfit by express. The Gilson The All-Round Combination for Gee Every Man’s Garden riplex— Distinctly a man’s cultivator, because of its weight. It combines all the advantages of the Gilson Weeder, the 9 Tooth Liberty Cultivator, anda Plow- share. All these are arranged in unique fashion on a pivot axle, easily locked and unlocked without tools, byahand lock nut as shown in illus- tration to right. Price of Gilson Tri- plex Wheel Outfit, Express prepaid East of Rocky Mountains Pe eainictisctcte $8.75 Instructive Booklet Free “Bigger Crops Through Cultivation” will give you some valuable hints about the relative importance of cultivation as a sure way to greater crops from every square foot of soil. Besides, it will bring to you facts about the best type of tools for different soils, crops and seasons. Incidentally, it is an index to the entire Gilson line of garden tools including a dandelion digger, scratch weeder, tools for the lawn, ete. Please afford us the chance to send you this booklet by asking for it to-day. J. E. GILSON COMPANY > 102 Valley Street Port Washington, Wis. Tackle the Season’s Big Job Right! 00000 ih Exclusive! — Rare and Glorious Flowers That Will Give Individuality to Your Garden— And Joy to Your Heart !— 1. A Beautiful Double Salmon-Pink Clarkia.—Like a spray of apple blossoms, 18 inch stems, studded with beautiful double rosette-shaped flowers. Blooms quickly from seed. Pkt, 15c. 2. The Lovely Arctotis.—A white daisy with blue center surrounded by a ring of yellow stamens tinged lavender on the back of the petals, 18 inch stems. Excellent flowets for cutting. Pkt 15¢c. 3. New Single Black Dahlia ‘‘Titania.’’— Rich velvety black flowers 4 inches across on long, slender stems. From seeds sown outdoors in May, plants will bloom from August until frost. Pkt. soc. 4. Globe Amaranth Orange.—Flowers re- semble huge clover heads of a beautiful orange-buff color, tinged with bronze. A lovely autumn shade. You will give your- self a real treat if you grow them in your garden. The flowers can also be grown for winter bouquets. Pkt. 25c. 5. Glorious Sunkissed Golden -Yellow Tulip-Poppy.—Held upright from 14 inch stems. Wonderful for cutting. Just like a tulip. Lasts a long time in water. Pkt. 15c. 6. Lovely Salmon-Pink Gaillardia.—On stems 18 inches long with flowers 3 inches in diameter. An exquisite shade. Pkt. r5¢. 7 American Beauty Aster.—Immense double flowers of perfect rose form. Often from 6 to 7 inches in diameter, 3 ft. stems are not unusual. Excellent for tall vases. Same color as American Beauty rose. Pkt. 25¢. 8. An Annual Pink Statice.—Large flower heads of a cloud-like mass of beautiful soft rose color. On 23 ft. stems. Can be dried for winter decoration, the same as straw- flowers. Pkt. 25c. 9. Schling’s New Giant Garden Orchids. —Like Orchids in shape and color. Flowers fully 2 inches across, with exquisite shades and markings. Pkt. 35c. 10. Chinese Lantern Plant.—Sturdy plants, with foliage of a rich, refreshing emerald green. Thesmall white flowers develop into balloon-shaped fruit capsules which are a revelation; a wonderful orange-red—dec- orating the garden all during Sept. and Oct.—and when you cut it, will decorate your toom all winter. Pkt. 25c. The above Collection of Ten Exclusive Flowers $2.00 or separately at prices given. Once Again—We Repeat Our Sensational Offer of Exclusive! 1. hling’s Wonderful 6. A P E R PET U A L Seer OS Lona A true giant in size. SPINACH The greatest achievement_in Snapdrag- ons to date, introducing a new and be- The Flower Novelties of 1922! You must have them in your garden! New Giant Dahlia-Zinnia.— Pkt. 5oc. _ 7.. New Lilliput Poppy.—Only 12 in. high, constantly in bloom. A lovely Developed exclusively by ourselves, and not obtain- able elsewhere. A real Spinach that you can cut and recut, and it will come and come again—not a witching color never before seen in Snap- dragons—a lovely rich, velvety copper color indescribably beautiful. Pkt. $1.00. 2. Tihe Wonderful Blue Lace Flower.—Finely laced flowers of an ex- quisite light blue shade. Pkt. soc. 3. New Bedding Petunia Violet Queen.—A real deep violet blue. Blooms as freely as Rosy Morn. Pkt. soc. daybreak pink. Pkt. soc. 8. New Miniature Dahlia Peter Pan.—Flowers Anemone-shaped with tubular center. All the pastel shades. Pkt. 75¢. 9. New Sunflower Dazzler.— Flowers 4 in. across, of a rich chestnut, tipped orange with dark center. Pkt. 35c. 10. Dianthus Laciniatus Purpu- reus Fl. PIl.—A purple garnet, inclined The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 4 DAHLIAS## CIR CHiN None over a dollar and ranging to ten cents per tuber. A sifted, selected choice collection, twelve years in the making. Worth your attention, will save you money. Bolles Dahlia Brochures (Illus. ) Written by an American Grower for American ama- teurs and professionals, for American conditions of cli- mate, soils, and markets. Beautifully illustrated. These Booklets are really de luxe editions. They are not cheap little pamphlets. They measure 5 x 73 inches, are beautifully printed upon a most attractively surfaced paper, of artistic appearance and value. They are well illustrated. They are bound in a heavy, colored cover with the title not merely printed, but placed in a die-sunk panel with a specially tinted surface. Returnable copies sent upon receipt of price. Try one or more of the booklets. Money back next mail, if returned. Don’t Plant valuable Dahlias this year without the latest, come pletest, most exhaustive information obtainable. Bolles Booklets have exactly what you want, and all you need to know. Harvesting and Storage, may save your crop of tubers. Fertilizer and Large Blooms, tells how to grow garden and exhibition blooms. Price, 35 cents each. Dahlias From Seed Propagation and Breeding New Varieties, explains growing from tubers, from seeds, and how, by cut- ings, fifty plants may be obtained from a single clump. Also explains cross-breeding (Hybridizing), and sets forth the conditions under which new dahlia crea- tions may be produced by the amateur as well as by the professional grower; (Double Number), 50 cents. Cultivation (Double Number), price fifty cents a copy. ‘These four are off the press, and ready for your order to-day. There are three other booklets. Prospectus sent with my catalogue. WF My 1922 Dahlia Catalogue now ready “S> awaits your request Charlton Burgess Bolles R.F.D. 3, Box 81 Media, Penna. The Famous Rose Hill Nurseries North Avenue, New Rochelle, N. Y. Swiss Chard, but a big- leaved, quick growing sum- mer and fall Spinach which takes the place of all other varieties. A 2-ounce pack- age which will cost you only $1.00, if you remit at once, is enough to sup- ply the table with this deli- cious Spinach for a whole sum- mer. toaclaret. Beautifully fringed. Pkt. 50c. 11. Cyncelossum Heavenly Blue. —Brilliant blue forget-me-not flowers from May until frost. Pkt. soc. 4. New Bedding Petunia Purple Queen.—Exquisite rich clear purple overlaid with a velvety sheen. Pkt. soc. . 5., Adonis Aleppica.—i6 to 18 12. New Giant Zinnia, Apricot. in. high. From16 to 20mainstems with © —Charming new color in Giant Double fine dark blood-red flowers. Pkt. soc. Zinnias. Pkt. 25¢. $5.00 Above novelties sold separately at the prices named, or the entire collection of twelve worth $6.35, at Our ‘‘Book for Garden Lovers’” Use this Coupon ( pate For Either or Both Offers wih pd Die fo MAX SCHLING SEEDSMEN, Inc., 24 West 59th Street, New York if [eee are still some great bargains to be had in fine, large specimen trees, both Deciduous and Evergreen: = ES = = eS => => — => = = A great collection of Box Trees in all sizes, shapes and forms. They are not the tender varieties. But the hardy and sturdy types, including also the Golden Variety. Koster Retinosporas, Blue Spruce, Colorado Spruce, Douglas Fir, Weeping and Copper Beech, Rhododendrons, both hybrids and native varieties. Also large col- lection of double and single Lilacs. A crclosesSaereey. «ee Please send me your It should be noted that the real big Bargains are (J Collection of Ten Exclusive Flowers $2.45 value for $2.00 in the larger size specimen trees, several thousands of ’ 7 (] 12-Novelties Collecti $6.35 val fi $5.00 which have been reduced from 40 to 50%. These trees INGS Oo aorel ai Ollection, $0. value, Or ....... § should be seen to be fully appreciated. Collections, $8.80 value, for .......... 6.50 ¢ ¢ Flowering Shrubs, Roses, and a complete list J ADD $1.00 for 2-0z. pkg. Perpetual Spinach ALSO, FREE, your ‘‘Book for Garden Lovers,”’ (Sent gratis with any of above offers) of hardy Perennials. All of which are in prime condition, and must be sold to settle Estate. ROSE HILL NURSERIES North Avenue New Rochelle, N. Y. Near Wykagyl Station on N. Y., Westchester & Boston R. R. Seeds 24 West 59th Street, New York knit i The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 87 att mn aie al suit ul ta Ae : To Coax t h e ty t unt suman weet Now is the Time to Growing Crops Plant Perennials ; Backward spring need have no alarm for And we recommend the following hardy varieties as the the gardener who has at his disposal the cream of the lot, being most popular, most attractive and : 5 ; because of their permanence, most economical. A suitable greatest little rainmaker ever invented— selection of the following varieties will annually give a con- Fiat - stant, enviable succession of bloom from early Summer to the Campbell Waterfan. For irrigating late Fall and increase in size and beauty from year to year. ees the average suburban grounds it is abso- LARKSPUR—English Hybrids, assorted. Two varieties, Bella- donna and Formosum, both 3 ft., bloom all summer. = = = PHLOX—1 to 3 ft. Nearly the entire range of colors and shades. lutely im a class of its own. Every popular variety. TRIS—German 114 ft. Blooms May and June. Japan 2 ft. Blooms So simply constructed that a child can June to August. . . FOXGLOVE— to 3{t. Large showy blossoms around July. Va- connect and operate it. Simply connect ries from white to purple. CHRYSANTHEMUMS: «to 2%; ft. Beautiful and profuse bloom, it with any garden hose attached to any some in summer, others CAMPANULA—Bell Fl ; . bhi flow: i . Canter- Soe eT EO Or eS Re ane faucet. Open the supply valve and the Saucer Canterbury: Bells, June and July. 74 1 ASTERS—Perry’s Favorite, 3 ft. Pink. Beauty of Colwall, 3 ft. Waterfan will automatically water a space HOULHOCKS1G5% Sonalcice up to 16 feet wide and 60 feet long. MAT The Campbell Waterfan weights but 5 a pounds, yet is substantially built for many Special Collection of100 2 °°" 875.50 years of service, while its simple construc- Send for our Booklet, “To Guide You in Your Spring Planting.” tion makes it practically proof against *“Successful For Over a Century’ trouble. AMERICAN NURSERIES You owe it to your garden to investigate Eee Holden. Manager the merits of this unique little machine. Pinger Duilding Made in two sizes for average grounds and for more extensive grounds. Please write for descriptive illustrated circular to-day and ask your dealer about the Campbell Z_ AAACN OAT MUTLNNUUET Cherry Hill Quality When you buy Peonies of the famous Cherry Hill Strain you get the achievements of over half a century in perfecting this Queen of Flowers. Waterfan. If he can not supply you, we will ship to you direct. CAMPBELL IRRIGATION COMPANY Woodbury New Jersey GEORGE ALEXANDER, 90 West Broadway Distributor for New York City and suburbs, including Long Island We grow, also, a full line of Ornamental Evergreens, Rho- dodendrons, Azaleas, Shade Trees and Deciduous Shrubs. Hardy Phlox, Japanese and German Iris, Hardy Garden Perennials. Quality is our watchword. Catalogue gladly mailed on request. T. C. THURLOW’S SONS, INC. (Cherry Hill Nurseries) WEST NEWBURY MASS. SL iii ccc ccsnnne 88 The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 Keli“ TTS x TATA Alexanders Dahliasod ““A Hundred Forms ad a Thousand Colors’’ A Dahlia Garden is the most satisfactory, the most complete of all flower gardens. The Dahlia, to me, is the most fascinating of all flowers. It will grow and bloom for you, for everybody. It will brig you literally, “a hun- dred forms and a thousand colors” in bewildermg and charming variety. It will, in fact, prove a source of the most exquisite pleasure to both you and your friends. ~ Madonna ‘“Sure to Bloom” Collections (TUBERS-PREPAID) For $1.00 F. A. Walker, lavender-pink. Decorative. Robert Broomfield, pure white. Show. Libelle, purple. Cactus. Rose-pink Century, pink. Single. Vivian, white and rose. Show. For $2.00 Madonna, white. Peony flowered. Mina Burgle, scarlet. Decorative. Maud Adams, pink and white. Show. W. B. Childs, purple-maroon. Cactus, Zeppelin, lavender. Peony-flowered. My Catalogue is a little book that you will be glad to get and glad to keep. It contains the com- plete story of the Dahlia, from planting to harvesting and care of the tubers, and is fully illustrated. It is well worth looking over. Please send for your copy. J. K. ALEXANDER World’s Largest Dahlia Grower 27-29 Central Street mm 0 ‘ii East Bridgewater, Mass. Oe TTETETETEwTwt«innii iit “The Dahlia King’’ Os nnn WMC, New Rochelle, Gees New York Seedsmen, Main Street Plant in April 1922 Novelties Cosmos—New Extra Early Flowering Double. Ever since the Double Cosmos was introduced, growers have been striving to ob- tain an early flowering double. We are pleased to offer this novelty in a pleasing shade of pink. The petals grow to 3 feet high, forming a perfect bush bearing beautifully ‘‘Helvetia’’—Single late flowering Aster. Brilliant crimson. A much desired addition in ‘“‘Helvetias.” Invaluable for cutting. Pkt. 50c., 5 pkts. $2.00 “Eschscholtzia’’”—(California Poppy). Mauve beauty. A posi- tive new creation in California poppies. The mauve coloriswon- petalled. flowers on long stems. derfully effective in buds or for Seed sown in April will bloom in cut flowers. July. Pkt. 50c., 5 pkts. $2.00 Special Catalogue Offer There is Only One Real Rose Bug Remedy— MELROSINE- The All-round Contact Insecticide Fatal to every bug ittouches. Aphis, striped or Pkt. 50c., 5 Pkts. $2.00 spotted beetles, spiders, thrips, sawbugs, and all kinds of plant lice, even the most difficult of the plant louse Species, the black aphis, is destroyed by MELROSINE Galion Can........- $6.00 Quart Can........- $1.75 Half-Gallon Can.... 3.25 Tip (OG. cancceoeea 1.00 Trial Size. yoo. elie 50c By Mail or Express at purchaser’s expense, or the Trial Size sent Postpaid for 60c. Most leading Seed and Nursery establishments carry MELROSINE. If your dealer cannot sup- ply you, afford us the opportunity to do so. THE GARDEN CHEMICAL COMPANY NEW YORK CitTy, N.Y. For $1.25 we will mail you, postpaid, one packet of each of these won- derful novelties, together with copy of 1922 Catalogue. This collection will give you something new for garden or border—novelties your neigh- bors haven’tseen. Our Spring Catalogue gives many helpful garden facts. Choice Mixed Gladioli This collection contains all the most desirable colors in Gladioli and an order of these bulbs will give you a real treat in Gladioli. Plant them from April to July for bloom from July to October. 75c. per doz., $5.00 per 100, Postpaid. Be sure to ask for 1922 Catalogue. The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 89 It Matters Little Which Among Flowers Interest You— If it’s Worth-While and of Lasting Merit—New or Old —You'll find it at Totty’s Special Offer to Those in Doubt What to Plant Here is a collection of Floral Treasures worthy of a place in every garden. In its entirety we offer this as The Madison Collection, a total of 86 plants (worth $21.00) for $15.00 delivery prepaid. 25 Assorted Chrysanthemums, all types, 12 Heliotrope plants, choice varieties . $2.50 Early Flowering, Single & Pompons. $3.00 5 Mi Dahli : ; ‘ 6 Rose Plants, 6 varieties, Hybrid Tea ey Se ee: 120 types, all colors................. 6.00 6 Mixed Dahlia bulbs, fine varieties.. .50 6 Assorted Iris Plants ............ 1.50 20 Gladioli Bulbs................. 3.00 3 Hardy Carnation Plants, suitable for 3 Delphinium plants (two - year - old cut flowers all season............ 1.50 clumps) S:.wa okie ceiion seletaniete lk 50 We will deliver the above, to any address at the proper time for planting outdoors for $15.00 Half the above collection $8.50 Please mention the Garden Magazine when ordering. Please afford our 96 Page Catalogue a chance to acquaint you with our unusual Offerings Chas. H. Totty Company, Madison, New Jersey Kunderd’s Marvelous Ruffled Gladiolt Offer something entirely new and N original for your garden. Far re- bi moved from the common sorts in size and coloring, their ruffled beauty will make your garden dis- tinctive. No other grower has ever produced anything to compare 7 Ms es we eS <0 New and Rare with these marvelous new types and i a a, : el ene e colors. You cannot afford to do . oT eee Exhibition Dahlias without them in your garden next 4% | hee | summer. Few flowers, whether used for garden decoration or principally for cut blooms Our 1922 Catalogue V ee to decorate the home, are as respon- ; : ae sive to simple garden culture as our Modern Dahlia. It has made wonderful describes many new sorts in- _~ i advancement in size and bloom, habit of growth, and profuse blooming qualities. ™> troduced for the first time, @ 4 In order to further its now great popularity, we are offering this collection of and illustrates many of them 5 12 Dahlia Tubers for $3.50 19 in natural colors 2) (19 ). 3 —one each of 12 distinct varieties, not labelled, which if purchased separately s of Gladiol = ‘ Eee a d pee coat ee according to name would cost not less than $10.00 —send today for a free copy. ‘ é Order Your Tubers Now so as to have them ready to plant any time after the tenth of May or when all danger of frost is past. e Mail this advertisement, or present at our store, with check, money order, cash or stamps, [ \ e I i. K und erd and secure this exceptional collection, sent prepaid to any po-nt in the United States The Originator of % Our 1922 Spring Seed Annual sent on request the Ruffled Gladiolus i eel : é pS een EU ONG 30-32 Barclay St. Indiana, U.S. A. - New York City 90 : The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 Congenial weather nurses bugs and insects besides the growing crops. It’s quite a question which crop will survive. ‘The alert gardener generally takes the initiative. As the first step in the coming campaign against bugs, we suggest that you put in a generous supply of Hammond's Gold Medal Insecticides De MAR Slug Shot is easy to They Right Most Insect Wrongs obtain and easily ap- 7 ' ’ plied. Dealers in every Hammond’s Slug Shot is America’s Melon Beetles, Aster Beetles, Rose part of the country, in foremost remedy with which to fight Bugs, ete. Since 1880 it has helped cities, towns or hamlets all sorts of leaf-chewing insects such this nation win all the battles with will furnish you Slug as Cabbage and Currant Worms, Po- these pests—without damage and dan- Shot PP ge Yew secon omical, especially in quantities of 5 lbs. and up, together with the tato Bugs, the Striped Cucumber and ger to plants, human or animal life. Thrip Juice handy Slug Shot Tin INSECTS AND A contact insecticide that quickly and effectively destroys Duster, with perforated BLIGHTS Aphis, Mealy Bug, White Fly and other pests thriving on bottom, as shown below. now published for thirty- plant juice. Equally effective in the greenhouse as out- nine consecutive years, is a doors, on trees, shrubs or plants. modest twenty-four page book which has been the Copper Solution standard advisor of Amer- : ; : ican home-gardeners on A most satisfactory preventative against Rust, Leaf the subject of fighting Spot and Blight, attacking Grapes, Roses, Tomatoes, and se ue Seroeahly Carnations. It is equally useful to fight Blight and An- noel men, Ser thracnose on Beans, Pears and Quinces while it is also line of it dictated by ex- an active agent against mildew. perience, it deserves a place in every home gar- Gr. ape Dust he ra eae Bo; A practical, economical and effective remedy against (I rillledoe powdery mildew on Cucumbers, Gooseberry, Parsley, and At PET Zz Melon vines. It counteracts the powdery mildew on Grapes, and is equally useful outdoors as under glass. Hammond’s Famous Gold Medal Insecticides are sold by seed dealers and merchants throughout the United States and Canada. Ask yours or write us. Hammond’s Paint and Slug Shot Works Beacon, New York The Garden Vol. XXXV, No. 2 MAGAZINE | April, 1922 Arthur G. Eldredge, Photo. “MAKE ME OVER, MOTHER APRIL, WHEN THE SAP BEGINS TO STIR! WHEN THY FLOWERY HAND DELIVERS ALL THE MOUNTAIN-PRISONED RIVERS, AND THY GREAT HEART BEATS AND QUIVERS TO REVIVE THE DAYS THAT WERE, MAKE ME OVER, MOTHER APRIL, WHEN THE SAP BEGINS TO STIR!’ The true value of flowering shrubs is unforgettably con- Bliss Carman veyed by such masses as these just breaking into blossom under the warming touch of spring suns; here Spiraea Thun- bergii makes bright silhouette on the dark of evergreens OI 92 The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 a H. han Bea ee oe RENE De DI SUINE THAT IN TRIM GARDENS TAKES HIS PLEASURE” ‘ John Milton There is subtle satisfaction in a garden that fits so naturally, without break or jar, into the world about it and yet has the ordered security man loves in his daily living for the reassuring sense of perma- nence it conveys 93 The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 MARCHING SUNS “MYRIAD BUTTERFLY BLOSSOMS OF MAY INTO STAID FRUITS OF A LATE AUGUST DAY” TRANSMUTED BY SLOW Amer Pindar ’*s trend day Again we find utility triumphantly asserting itself as the basis toward a more liberal use of fruit trees about the home of beauty—another proof of the wisdom of to WHEN TO DO WHAT YOUR ANT 1Owe ale wh MS = re i = iy Mh 2 ry earlier. ’ four hundred feet of altitude. AKE haste now to dig, sow, plant, fertilize etc., for all the big things of the coming summer and fall. But “make haste slowly,” weather is not a fixed thing, good and bad periods being sandwiched. The actual weather conditions will differ greatly in different sections; in some places winter may en- dure almost to the end of the month, thus preventing planting outdoors; in others the advent of an early summer may be suspected. When balmy conditions prevail, it is only a matter of a few days when the soil is dry enough to make a start. Therefore see at once that there is no accumulation of work that ought to have been done in the weeks just gone. Be ready to get as much as possible of the “joy” of garden working when the time is ripe. But be not deceived by sudden ad- vances of over-warm spring days nor by late lingering days of winter. The two will overlap and intermingle. Take all possible advantage, keep work right up to the minute, but don’t rush! Of course the bulk of the seeds are now in hand ready for sowing. But check over the list. Then look to the stock of sundries and insecticides. Consider each crop’s needs and order at once bordeaux, slugshot, melrosine, nitrate of soda, bone meal, etc. Let “prevention is better than cure,” be the slogan; for the difference between a good and a poor garden 1s usually traceable to preparedness. As with seeds, so with everything else that goes into the garden, it pays to buy the best; 1. e., from dealers who specialize or direct from the manufacturer where possible. Pee WPA Vegetable Garden Plow or spade the earliest piece of ground as soon as it can be done without the soil adhering to the tools; when it will crumble nicely with raking, plant the hardiest of the vegetables as suggested in last month’s Reminder; viz: Swiss Chard, Onions, Turnips, Kohl- rabi, Carrots, Beets, Smooth Peas, Salsify, Spinach. They will survive any belated frost and snow. Use a good seeding machine if your plantings are of any proportions. It saves both time and seed. About a week or ten days later (as circumstances permit) these early plantings to be followed with plants of Lettuce, Beets, early Cauliflower, Cabbage, etc. from the frames after being thoroughly hardened off. Plant for convenience in cultivating, which will mean a good deal in personal comfort before next fall. Standardize the width between rows, and so save time making adjustments on the cultivators when cultivating. Group together all early maturing vegetables, so that the ground may be used for another crop. Crops that occupy the ground all season should be arranged to- gether. Early Potatoes to be planted. Treat with formalin solution for scab (one pint commercial formaldehyde to forty gallons of water). Don’t omit this; it is no longer an experiment. Vegetable roots may be set out (Asparagus, Rhubarb, Sea-kale, Chives, Horse-radish, etc.) Onions and Leeks, started indoors for exhibition, may be planted out. Asparagus beds to be lightly forked over, and hilled up. Succession plantings of Peas, Spinach, etc. to be made as earlier plantings break the ground. Small sowings of herbs such as Thyme, Sage, Marjoram, Dill, etc. may be made. Tomatoes, Egg-plants, Peppers, Muskmelons, and other tender plants may be still sown in the hotbed; Sweet Potatoes, put in to sprout and planted out next month; and a few Cucumber seeds Che Montt's Reminder APRIL—THE MONTH OF HASTE AND ACTION Herein are listed the seasonal activities for the complete garden. be found in the current or the back issues of THE GARDEN MaGazine—it is manifestly impossible to make each number of the magazine a complete manual of practice. References to back numbers may be looked up in the index to each completed volume (sent gratis on request); the Service Department will also be glad to cite references to any special topic if asked by mail and to send personal replies to specific ques- tions; a stamped, addressed envelope being enclosed. When referring to the time for out-door work of any sort New York City (latitude 40) at sea level in a normal season is taken as standard; but at best dates can only be approximate. Roughly, the season advances northward fifteen miles a day. Thus Albany, which is one hundred and fifty miles from New York, would be about ten days later, and Philadelphia, which is ninety miles southwest, about a week Also allow four days for each degree of latitude, for each five degrees of longitude, and for each (Copyright, 1922, Doubleday, Page & Co.) 94 Details of bow to do each item may for an early crop to utilize all the frame space when the other plants are set out. Lima Beans, Squash, and the tender vegetables mentioned above, may be started in dirt bands, or paper pots for setting out later. Flower Garden and Grounds If not already done, uncover Roses, examine for scale, and if found, spray. When the buds begin to swell, prune back the Hybrid- perpetuals to three eyes, remove all weak wood on the Teas, and cut them back one third. Plant all deciduous nursery stock as soon as possible. Two essentials for success are planting as soon as received, and putting into well prepared soil. Should the ground not be ready to receive them, heel-in and water well until they can be set out. Stake or wire all newly planted trees, to prevent swaying by high winds. Water all newly planted material at frequent intervals if the ground appears at all dry, and winds are prevalent. Replant and rearrange Perennials as the new growths show through the ground to distinguish them. Give all perennial beds an ap- plication of ground bone, and point over the surface to incorporate it with the soil, but be careful not to injure dormant crowns. Compost the winter protective materials as removed; they make fine summer mulch when decomposed. Vacant flower beds intended for bedding plants to be dug and got ready for summer occupants. Uncover beds of bulbs and rake over the surface soil to keep weeds in check. Finish pruning late flowering shrubs. Prune and tie up vines on walls, arbors, and trellises. Sweet-peas to be sown outdoors as soon as possible, so they may root deeply before hot weather overtakes them. Plant out those that have been started under glass. Asters, and Stocks are very successful from sowings made outdoors this month; and sowings may be made of such Annuals as do not transplant very well; e. g., Mignonette, Alyssum, Poppy, Hun- nemania, Eschscholtzia, Lavatera rosea, Lupinus, as well as Candytuft, Nasturtium, Centaurea, Marigold. Plant Gladiolus for early flowering. The Lawn and Walks Clean the lawn of weeds, filling holes thus made with good soil, and reseeding. As soon as the grass is long enough to reach the blades of the machine it should be cut. Promote a strong root growth of grass by mowing frequently, but never cut extremely close. Roll light soils where hand machines are used for mowing; but where heavy horse or power machines with a big roller are in use, enough rolling is done while mowing, and particularly on heavy soils inclined to pack and become hard. As soon as the mud has dried up sufficiently, attend to roads, drives, and walks. Keep the original edges of these as much as possible. Use the scuffle hoe for weeds onthe drive, or a good weed-killer if it can be applied without injuring the edges of the adjoining lawn. Repair ragged edges of turf by inserting pieces of sod, or by adding soil and seeding down. Frames and Hotbeds Useful as these simple structures are for raising early plants for setting outdoors weeks ahead of the time they would otherwise be ob- The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 tained, they become indispensable as an adjunct to the greenhouse for hardening off stock prior to planting out. Harden all early planted material by giving plenty of ventilation on all favorable occasions. With longer days and more sun power, water will be required in greater quantity. Water thoroughly, too, avoiding the “little and often” plan which dampens the sur- face soil, whilst the roots of the little plants underneath are dry. Provide plenty of covering when a cold night is expected. Weeks of hard work can be undone by one belated cold spell. Pansies, Myosotis, Daisies, Canterbury-bells, Aquilegias, Foxgloves, etc., carried over winter in coldframes, to be got into the beds of borders they are to occupy to give space in the frames for other purposes. Annuals, such as Zinnias, Globe Amaranth, Miniature Sunflowers, African Marigold, Early Cosmos, Petunias, etc., may still be sown in the coldframe. A mild hotbed made up at this time is about the best possible place to grow on Geraniums and other low-growing bedding plants that are making a great demand on the bench space in the green- house. With four or five inches of soil and the pots plunged to the rims, the gentle heat will set them growing apace. Keep closed for the first few days; then give air whenever possible. Don’t allow any crowding of the young plants in the frames, or weak, drawn stock will result. If in pots, take out every other row, erecting a temporary frame for them rather than crowd. Seedlings to be pricked-out into other frames (or planted into flowering quarters if their hardiness justifies it) for the same reason. The Greenhouses Plants of every description now require increased water and ventilation. Lightly shade Palms and Ferns to prevent burning. Pot-on plants that need more root space; and particularly bedding stock, which may then be transferred to a mild hotbed (see under “Frames”’). Hardy Annuals, started early and pricked-off into flats, or potted, may go to coldframes to make room for other stock. ‘Cuttings may still be made of Coleus, Petunias, Ageratums, Achy-- ranthes and other bedding plants. Top-back the more advanced plants to make them sturdy and bushy, and root the tops. Sow tender Annuals to prick-off when large enough to handle, and then transfer to coldframe. Calceolarias and Cinerarias, now coming into flower, to be kept free’ from insect pests. Hanging baskets for porches, etc., to be filled now, and hung in a cool house until they go to summer quarters. Weeping Lantanas are useful for these baskets. All early flowering shrubs that are being forced should be placed in a cool house when in full flower. Bulbs of such Lilies as speciosum, if potted or planted in benches, will flower before those outdoors. Continue planting at intervals cold storage bulbs for a succession of bloom throughout the summer months. Fern spores to be sown now on sand or very fine soil in a warm, moist house; give a position somewhat shaded. Annuals for outdoor cut flowers may still be sown indoors. Pot-up Cannas that have been started in sand. Keep growing without a check Asters sown for early use. Maintain a buoyant atmosphere in the house containing the bedding plants if it is not convenient to make up a mild hotbed for them. Poinsettias placed in a warm house will soon throw out young shoots for cuttings. Root these in coarse sand in a warm propagating bench. Petunias for late use may still be rooted from cuttings. Small plants of Lobelia speciosa, may be potted-on for filling vases at the end of next month. Bouvardia, rooted early and potted into 2% inch pots may be set into frames, and either grown on there, or set in the open ground as soon as all danger of frost is past. Young plants of French Hydrangea may be moved to frames to harden-off and planted out to make fine plants by fall. Cycla- men to be kept growing in a cool, partially shaded position. Feed with liquid manure Hydrangeas to be in flower for Memorial Day. Propagate Dahlias from cuttings from old plants started into growth on a sunny bench in a cool house. Plant outdoors during dull or showery weather rooted runners of Violets. 95 Avoid wide fluctuations of temperature in the Sweet-pea house at this time. If buds are dropping look carefully to the watering. Acid phosphate (an ounce to a gallon of water) is often helpful. Attend to cultivation of the soil, tying, staking, and thinning of shoots as occasion requires. Roses that are not producing well may be thrown out, the house cleaned down, and a new lot of plants put in. If the cropping system is practised, pinching should be done about the middle of the month for a crop at the end of May. Water more freely and syringe often enough to keep red spider under control. Liquid manure may be more freely given. Pot-up Rambler Roses for next year’s use. Continue rooting Chrysanthemums, pot-on early rooted ones as they show need. Avoid any check in growth through becoming pot- bound. Carnations in benches will be benefited by a mulch of half manure and half soil to prevent the roots drying out too quickly, as they are apt to do at this time of the year. Varieties with delicate pink flowers will be better for a light shading on the glass—just enough to break the direct rays of the sun. Young plants to go to the frames to be hardened off previous to planting outdoors; which, however, may be done soon after the middle of the month if weather conditions permit. Turn over at the first opportunity the soil to be put into the benches for the young plants. Snapdragons now need more water. Cuttings put into sand in March will be rooted now, so place into small pots and keep potted-on into the next size larger, and still another one larger yet, if they make rapid growth. Clumps of Perennials that have been forced, to be planted out, as soon as their usefulness is past, in a small nursery where they may re- main for two years to recover. Fruits and Vegetables Indoors Prune out weak wood of fruits and start late trees into growth. Tap smartly such pot fruits as may be in bloom to disperse the pollen and ensure a good set. Give plenty of water to those that have set their fruit, and syringe them each morning and not later than 3 o'clock in the afternoon. Peaches especially need a damp at- mosphere; never tolerate anything approaching aridity after blooming is over. Do not thin fruits until after the stoning period. Disbudding the shoots is done by rubbing out every second growth with the finger and thumb. Melons, Cucumbers, and Tomatoes for summer crops indoors to be started. Personal preference may be followed with Tomatoes, but with Melons and Cucumbers the English forcing types alone can be used. Branches of Lilac bushes cut and placed in a warm room or greenhouse will produce good flowers, but the color will be white irrespec- tive of the normal color of the variety. The Fruit Garden Fruit trees that do not bear satisfactory fruit may be grafted over to better varieties. In fact, several varieties may be grown on the same tree in the case of Apple and Pear. This work should be done before growth starts, and finished within a week after the buds swell. Planting of young trees to be completed as soon as possible. Plant Strawberries at once to start new plantations. Rake the mulch from established beds, and dig in well-decayed manure between the rows. Examine Peach trees for borers by removing six inches of soil from around the base of the tree. Gum and “saw-dust” are the first visible signs- of their presence. Clean these away, and run a wire into the holes to kill the grubs. Repeat the examination a week or so to get later attacks. Watch the Currants as the young leaves develop (especially near the ground) for worms, spray at once as they appear, taking care to wet the under side of the leaves. Watch for steel gray beetles on the Grape-vine leaves and pick them off into a pan of kerosene. New plantations of Raspberries and Blackberries to be made as soon as possible this month. Uncover and tie up to trellises or stakes those that have been laid down or buried with earth during the winter. THERE ARE -GHOSms OF GARDENS Oh, folk who plant your gardens By wall and paven street, Make them beautiful And make them sweet, That earth be haunted fragrantly When they have passed away, And dreams may capture tired hearts Upon a summer day! HERE are ghosts of gardens In crowded city ways, And memories of the fragrance Of bygone days. Where once has bloomed a garden Its spirit hovers yet, For rose and branch may fade and fall, But earth does not forget. And that is why, in April, Or on a summer day, Your dreams sometimes to gardens Are spirited away. Above the city’s clamor You hear birds sing, And catch the scent of lilacs Blossoming. HILDA MORRIS y yee Bi. NOS ROMO ‘ ai ef 4 2 Fas CFA} OP PBN A LITTLE GOR N ER NaN aes: FRORENCE Akl Anon Wild Flowers that Flourish in the Shade, Giving a Foundation Planting of Graceful Informality OR more than thirty years this northeast corner of ours 4. Tall Ferns: Cinnamon, Interrupted, and Royal (three has been planted with wild growths. We have made forms of the Osmunda); also the beautiful Ostrich Fern. no attempt to lay out the bed regularly, but specimens 5. Irregular belt of early spring flowers, allowed and encour- AN are obtained when met with on our rambles and excur- aged to intrude upon the Violets; False Solomon’s-seal, sions and set where space allows, with the general idea of massing Lady’s-slipper—of which we obtain fresh roots each sea- tall Ferns and flowers at the back and centre, lower growing son as, being a biennial, it is a matter of luck if self- plants in front, and of supplying bloom at all seasons. The seeding is accomplished; Bell-wort—most beautiful, and early flowering spring plants die down as the season advances spreading delicately far beyond its immediate neighbor- and are purposely over-shadowed by later blossoming varieties. hood; Rue and single Anemone; Columbine; Bloodroot ; We allow Herb Robert to spread over shaded empty spaces. Hepatica, etc. Among these we set low growing Ferns. We find that the bed is more luxuriant and less shabby if we 6. Patch of Mandrake—having a great tendency to “spread,” keep it well watered in dry seasons; and when planting, as much and severely cut out each spring. wood soil as possible is added. Late every fall it is covered with 7. Canada Lily. Note the giant specimen in the picture, the light leaves, enough of which decay, although raked off in early seed-pods of which are retained for self-seeding. One spring, to add a little humus each year. of the most beautiful inhabitants of our bed. The accompanying plan and list of wild flowers and Ferns 8. Meadow-rue—having a short season, but very beautiful. which flourish in this shady niche next our porch may help 9. A slowly increasing patch of Lobelia cardinalis—on the others solve the problem of bare corners with which nearly every successful transplantation and permanence of which we house is afflicted. especially plume ourselves. 1. Ejight-inch grass border which binds in the whole. 10. Wild Iris—from which, according to all the plant laws of 2. Eight-inch band of Viola cucullata; patches of Mandrake the Medes and Persians, we should never have succeeded and other vigorous growers have been purposely allowed in obtaining bloom in such a situation! (as irregularity of planting was desired) to encroach 11. Trillium. upon it. This Violet border must be rigorously cut each 12. Jack-in-the-pulpit. We still possess the original grand- year, as it is a tremendous self-seeder. father plant, tremendous after thirty years of growth! 3. Evonymus—not wild, but included as it best covers the 13. Giant Solomon’s-seal—the tall, graceful sprays luxuriant, bare space beside the window. 06 and altogether lovely. Increases rapidly. The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 OUR NORTHEAST CORNER IN SUMMER ARRAY js | ° % FACILI T2 |e | | | a SS JZ \\ FN ZY, VN \ Planting plan of ‘ the corner shown above; for plants used see accom- panying descrip- tive text 14. 18. 19. 20. 21. Joe-Pye-weed. This we waited to acquire until its blos- soming time, as there is a great choice in the coloring of the different specimens. We secured a couple of roots having blossoms of a particularly deep, rich hue, digging them up and setting them carefully and cutting down the stalks severely. Next season it sprouted and grew luxuriantly, as seen in the three-year-old specimens. Black-eyed Susan—one of the most beautiful fall inhabi- tants of the bed. By cutting off the old blossoms, a long blooming season is secured. Golden-rod. Fine varieties of this, also, should be searched for, as there is great choice. Maidenhair Fern—a beautiful clump, at least fifteen years old. Shabby and over-shadowed by the Cinnamon, at time photographed; but supplying beautiful, tender growth through a long season, if the seeding fronds are freely picked. Clumps of Ostrich Fern, cut back when shabby in early fall. Various sorts of lower-growing Ferns. Different varieties of Michaelmas Daisies, originally se- lected when in bloom—most beautiful for the fall show. Straying branches of Heliopsis(?)—our most valued late- flowering perennial. ar] SNyl - - anit) ! see a % oe , K ¢ Dee ep oa: Si ‘ el Ol cA eee ee vs) Tr eae = Oc Ao Bie 5 ik 1. WY. — BASE PLANTINGS THAT HARMONIZE Columnar planting for sharp roof lines, shrubs with rounded tops for a low roofs. Where deciduous and x, yw broad-leaved evergreens are used as they give warmth and color to the winter scene making the home at- tractive during the long, cold winter SOFTENING HARSH FOUNDATION LINES This type of planting should always be irregular in line, extending out at the corners and entrances; where space permits it is well to use tall with low growing shrubs to avoid monotony and break harsh angles THE SUBURBAN EY ESORE Even the ugliest building can be im- proved by proper planting; such a cor- ner as this can easily be transformed by vines, some feathery- foliaged shrubs and 5 RSG perhaps a dwarf ever- eS green or two. Why not apply the remedy? sree CORNERS THAT NEED CONCEALING When the floor line or water table of a house is close to the ground, it is well to let turf run up to the porch or paved terrace and concentrate any plantings about the corners. If, however, the dwelling stands high, use shrubs, etc., of a dwarf character along the foundation with taller growing varieties at the corners and in the blank spaces between windows, being careful to exclude those attaining any consi .____ derable height as they will ultimately interfere G@az@zawith thelightandview [im + = se t Foundation Planting Thoughts By JOHN COLLINS CAMPBELL Landscape Architect 2Ampervs Virgquuaia Se A PLANTING PLAN AND ITS RESULT BELOW F Mala : telijolia 2 or Spiraea vA iS 4 . % turn fotia 5° Aeryperes Aypancat Oe 7 ZL Jheya occrderdalis F J Berbers Thebergui oe SS Lerboris Vhwabergis, 2 S Jovraca Wirubergii 2! It is always a good plan to plant in the form of a triangle using the best side of the shrub to the front; place all tall growing shrubs first and as a rule slightly farther apart than the dwarf ones infront; if the ground shows too noticeably be- tween use a cover, as Pachysandra eke PHPwHOWSEVT O° THE GARDEN Jas Ce UH ES Landscape Architect Plants as a Link Between the Dwelling and Its Grounds Modifying Severity of Architectural Lines with Shrubbery and Evergreens Selected for the Special Situation ' \Z 4 AKING the house belong, as it were, to the land on ‘ which it rests is a too little considered detail of the =~ y garden work that, however, intimately touches every ISW/2 (Ge home maker. A building set gauntly upon the ground without any kind of modification of the line where it joins has a harsh and repellent air—something must be done to knit the two together. This merging can best be accomplished by the re- strained use of plants chosen to suit the particular type of archi- tecture with, of course, due reference to the somewhat difficult conditions of growth, the habit of the plant, its texture and color. That “foundation planting” for the house is one of the least understood of all the many varied phases of planting is demon- strated by the amazing number of strikingly bad examples to be seen in any residential suburb. It is largely so because the aver- age man does not seem to realize that this phase of planning the residence grounds offers any particular sort of problem. The same man who seriously considers the planting problem involv- ing a question of extensive shrubbery on the lawn and in or around the garden area will refer to a foundation planting as “just a little something green around the house.” As a matter of fact this particular detail is of real importance, because any plants employed for this purpose must meet several very definite requirements and because growing conditions close to a house are at best most unfavorable to the successful growth and good development of practically all classes of plants. The three main objects of foundation planting in general are: FILLING THE CORNER WITH FRAGRANCE AND CHEER Here we have a judiciously designed planting of broad-leaved evergreens and flowering shrubs which maintain interest the year through. Home of Mr. Leonard Kebler at Bronxville, N. Y. Clarence Fowler, Landscape Architect 09 The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 INFORMALITY IS THE KEY-NOTE Wisteria and Climbing Roses, supplemented by Spiraea and Peonies, link this dwelling to the earth with an airy effect- iveness quite unlike the usual ‘foundation planting” so often merely commonplace and stodgy in composition (1) to tie the house to the ground upon which it rests and to minimize the apparent height of foundations; (2) to add to the architectural beauty by an adequate foil of foliage offering a pleasing contrast to the lines and the color of the house, and tending to soften the appearance of the base of the structure as a whole; (3) to conceal the lines of the foundation and its several ob- jectionable adjuncts. ee These points are of relatively greater importance to the owner of the small and medium sized home than to the master of larger _areas, because such small buildings are usually high in relation to the ground space which they occupy; have less architectural in- terest in the foundations; are placed much closer to the view of the passer-by; are usually situated on relatively small lots and so do not have the advantage of a large mass of attendant shrub- bery plantings on the remainder of the property. UNDAMENTALLY desirable effects in a foundation planting may be expressed thus: (1) grace of outline; (2) individual points of interest; (3) an adequate sense of cover for the foundations. It is in the first and last mentioned points— particularly the last—that the planting so often falls short of its purpose. To obtain graceful outline. selves graceful in outline and which will tend to give a soft and Employ plants which are in them- pleasing appearance to the entire mass of foliage; and so arrange the material that it somewhat varies in height and in denseness —that is, by making some portions of the planting heavier than others, the outside line of the mass will be irregular in character, the planting tending to soften the straight architectural lines of the foundation. To obtain individual points of interest. Choose plants that exhibit a variation in the color and texture of the leaves and present an interesting play of light and shadow with a con- tinual variation in the color scheme. Additional interest may be given through the introduction of a judicious amount of profusely flowering shrubbery and some _berry-bearing specimens. To secure an adequate cover for the foundation. Select plants of fairly spreading character and supplement them by a cover- planting of smaller, low-headed shrubs to fill the interstices and cover the base of the larger shrubbery. Putting into practical effect all these principles means that the individual plants in the beds shall be so arranged that they do not produce a straight line along the foundation, keeping them farther distant from the house at points where the planting is to assume thicker proportions, as for example to soften down cor- ners or-to fill up angles in the architecture. Solid planting around the house is to be avoided, as rendering a rather mo- notonous composition, and, furthermore, cellar windows usually The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 must be free from planting so that light and air be not shut out of the basement. The Builders’ Legacy Handicap EARLY always in the construction of the house, the top soil has been removed from around the foundations and a considerable amount of débris (bricks, stones, bits of lath and plaster, etc.) is frequently left around the excavation of the foundation, which is filled in with some of the poor soil left from cellar excavation. Few people realize how important a part the eaves of the house play in the well-being of the plants in the foundation planting. If the eaves are narrow, the planting at the base of the house is subjected to the full force of the elements—an un- usually large supply of water at irregular intervals and an in- tense exposure to the sun during dry weather. If, on the other hand, the eaves are unusually large and extend far out from the sides of the house, as is often found in the modern bungalow type of construction, air circulation is impeded, and unusually dense shade is always present on that side of the house which lies natu- rally in the shade, while, worst of all, the rainfall is denied to the plants except in case of storms driving in a slanting direction. It seems also to be the favorite outdoor sport of the average contractor and builder to run a walk within two or three feet of the founda- tions, along at least one side of the house, and it is one of the most annoying handi- caps with which the home owner has to contend. Either the walk must be re- laid at a farther distance from the house, which should be from five to eight feet for good growing con- ditions, or only a single row of shrubbery, of extremely limited variety, can be planted. But the actual presence: of one or more of these ad- verse conditions does not necessarily imply that a suc- cessful planting cannot be arranged. The first con- sideration will be materials to be used. Evergreens’ Merits and Otherwise eee texture and color of the individual shrubs must be considered from an artistic standpoint, the planting being so arranged that the leaf texture of one shrub shall be not at con- siderable variance with that of its neighbor, nor shall the variation in color between In this greenery that runs with wave-like freedom upto the walls of the house there is no sense of the division that almost inevitably ac- companies most types of base planting. The Day-lily (Funkia subcordata) viva- ciously breaks what might otherwise be too solid a mass 101 the individual shrubs be of such a decided nature as to produce a “spotty” effect, and this in direct relation to the architecture of the house itself. The mistake most commonly made is to plant exclusively and precisely pyramidal and globe-shaped evergreens, occasionally varied with a few specimens of the very low-spreading kinds. This style has been fostered by the inefficient itinerant sales- man of nursery stock who is usually working on a commission basis and whose best personal interest lies in the highest prices obtainable; again by the uneducated so-called “landscape”’ gardener, but in reality a mere jobbing laborer possessing no qualifications beyond the ownership of a lawn-mower and a pair of pruning shears. It cannot be denied that the individual plants themselves have elements of interest, possibly as regards shape or texture, but especially as regards color; and it is un- doubtedly true that “these plants will remain green all winter.”’ There are disadvantages, however, from both an economic and an artistic standpoint of the universal use of this class of ma- terial. Such a planting as indicated in one of the sketches (Fig. VIII, Page 102) is devoid of any grace of outline, and will never adequately cover any except the very lowest foundations, unless the plants are set so closely together that they have no space for development and consequently die out in a year or two from lack 102 of light and air and root nourish- ment. Although this kind of plant is slow growing, it will eventually (in the case of the pyramidal forms) reach at least as high as the roof of the porch; and when planted close against a buildingsuch material, even under the most favorable conditions of soil, light, and moisture, will not grow well; while under adverse soil conditions and a smoky or dusty atmosphere it will die out quickly. Such a planting, composed al- most entirely of broad -leaved evergreens—such as native and hybrid Rhododendrons, some of the evergreen Azaleas, together with a few of the low-growing Junipers at their bases—in the northern part of the United States (or as used extensively in the southern portion of the United States, the same class of material, plus Boxwood and other broad- leaved evergreens), can be made graceful of outline and afford an -CoRRecT - METHOD: iraea 4 Rian Hts, \ rivet I. In planning how many plants are needed first determine shape and size of area to be planted and select shrubs, etc. (as above right); then place a dot for each individual plant required (as at left); the average shrub usually growing in width a distance equal to # of its height II. A much softer, more finished effect is gained if cover plants are used beneath the shrubbery; this a safe rule to follow though, like most rules, it has its exceptions Brea to be spaded : Ores To be spaded III. When the time has come to translate paper plans into actuality, begin by out- lining the desired area with small wooden stakes; this will ensure getting shape and size exact. Spade up thoroughly, replac- ing poor soil with good garden loam or a generous quantity of manure dug in toa depth of 18-24 inches. Areas should always be got in good condition before beginning to set out plants The Garden Magazine, April, 1522 adequate cover for the founda- tions. Such planting is neces- sarily costly and requires more than usually good growing con- ditions to start with. When actu- ally executed in a really worth- while manner, it is, if anything, a bit too ornate for the average small home. As accent points at the sides of steps or in front of columns, close-clipped pyramidal or globe-shaped Arborvitaes and Retinisporas, together with a few of the low-spreading Junipers, may occasionally be introduced into a foundation planting of de- ciduous shrubbery. As specimen plants in the lawn area or as ac- cent points in the garden, where they will agree in character with the larger ground space offered, such plants will in general find a most fitting use. As to Deciduous Plants FOUNDATION planting of deciduous material has cer- tain advantages over one com- - Correct - METHOD: IV. It is easy to see how much more attractive a little irregularity and an accenting of corners makes any foun- dation planting; balance may so be readily secured without an appearance of monotony V. When planting in a narrow bed be careful to slant each plant slightly toward the house so that as it grows larger it will not encroach upon the walk, if one happens to be bordering as. is usually the case on the smail suburban property VIII. A too consistent use of ever- greens frequently results insome such - stereotyped effect readily remediable, _ however, by an admixture of more plastic, airy material VI. Deciduous planting is thoroughly satisfactory for at least eight months out of the twelve and even in winter, if shrubs be judiciously chosen, does Groved not entirely lose its charm Level 4 | (evs soil) | ni | ro pearell euaiohes VII. Good drainage is one of the essentials of success and must be carefully looked to in foundation plantings where soil is inclined to be overly moist The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 posed of stiff types of evergreens in grace of outline and in the interesting play of light andshade. (Fig. VI, page 102) Such a planting is thoroughly sat- isfactory for practically eight months out of the year, even in the northern part of the United States; and during the months when it is at its worst, few people are paying attention to the dec- orative appearance of the outdoors because of inclement ‘weather. If closely twigged shrubs are used, the masses of snow will hang on the shrub- bery in a quite decorative and very interesting manner. When all the various types of houses with which foundation planting may be used are considered, there will be found a wide range of available decidu- ous plant material. The porches, how- ever, generally have the floors ranging from about two to three or three and a half feet in height above the level, and any railing is about thirty inches above the porch floor. This restricts the height of the average front plant- ing to from four to five or five and a half feet in height. sides and rear of the house is ordinarily from four and a half to six feet in height, and as likely as not the basement windows are placed between the other windows, so there is not any great amount of high wall space to plant against. A\l this ON NORTH AND WEST EXPOSURES TRY AZALEAS Those shown above are over thirty years old, a magnificent bushy growth covered in spring with literally hundreds of blossoms. Varieties Hinodegiri and amoena are recommended The lower level of the windows at the 103 | Es CRE 85 LTE Cae as SOM eae: Wh CCG OSRehGS: ga eee WHAT MIGHT BE TERMED A “FLAT TREATMENT” IN FOUNDATION PLANTING This very simple method of linking lawn and porch has a certain charm of its own, and vines have the added advantage of producing effects quickly; potted flowers and window-boxes can be pressed into effective service too. means a restricted choice of material, except where we have an unusually high porch or numerous blank wall spaces, to a height of from four and a half to six feet for the shrubbery in the back- ground and from two to three and a half or four feet for use in the foreground. We also have the question of light and shadow, and in the case of new properties with little or no tree growth, either full glaring sunlight or a decided area of shade. Popular Shrubs for General Use S BACKGROUND shrubs, under average conditions of light and shade, some of the lower growing varieties of the Weigela, although rather coarse-leaved, are satisfactory if used judiciously. Then the taller-growing Spireas, although they prefer the sun, may also be used in partial shade; the Hydrangeas are especially good against stone houses; some of the dwarf Lilacs may be used at cor- ners; Rhodotypos kerrioides fits in either the foreground or back- ground, depending upon the shrubs with which it is associated; and in particular Regel’s Privet, which is not as much used as its merits deserve and which, if intermixed with flowering kinds of shrubbery, is undoubtedly one of the very best shrubs for foundation planting, as it is free branching, of good leaf and color texture, and may be kept at almost any desired height by pruning. For background plants which will stand a considerable amount of shade, there is the Snow- berry (especially interesting on ac- count of the white berries against blue-green foliage); and the old Strawberry Shrub, the dark-colored 104 The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 FOUNDATION PLANTING THAT IS TWELVE YEARS OLD These slow-growing evergreens were set out more than a dozen years ago and there have been no replacements or transplantings since. It will be several years more before any changes are necessary. Red Cedar; Japan Cypress in variety including some golden forms (pisifera, plumosa, filifera, squarrosa); Mugho Pine; George Peabody and Globe Dwarf Arborvitaes; Hemlock; Norway Spruce; and Pfitzer Juniper; with Ampelopsis on the house foliage of which lends an interesting color note; incidentally the spicy odor is decidedly agreeable during the summer-time, when the windows will be open. As foreground shrubs, first and foremost comes the Japanese Barberry, one of the very best of all shrubs for this purpose, as it can be kept quite low-headed and bushes close to the ground. It has an interesting habit of growth, will stand unusually bad soil and climatic conditions until it gets south of Washington, and is especially interesting during the winter months because of the red berries which completely cover the shrub at that season. The Coral-berry, also a prolific fruiter and with branches dropping to the ground, will stand a considerable amount of shade. Dwarf Spireas, Deutzia Lemoinei, Lace Shrub, and one or two of the herbaceous perennials, such as Funkia, Hemero- callis, and Peonies, will round out most needs. South of Wash- ington the Abelia occupies a place in foundation planting which, for all-round purposes, is only equalled by the Japanese Bar- berry in the North. These plants are among the easiest to grow and care for and are readily obtainable from all nurseries. If there are large wall spaces with high windows or bits of high foundation against which we may use plants ranging from six to ten feet in height, choice may turn to the Lilacs, Forsythias, Mock Oranges, and shrubs of like character. Practical Application to the Problem N EASY and efficient manner of preparing the beds for the reception of the stock is to mark on the ground the out- lines of the bed areas to correspond to the bed areas planned on paper, using small wooden stakes. (See Fig. III, page 102) This procedure will save a deal of trouble in digging the areas to the required size. Any poor soil in the bed areas should be replaced to a depth of from eighteen inches to two feet with good garden loam, or the existing soil enriched by digging in a generous quantity of well-rotted manure by thoroughly spading up for a depth of from eighteen to twenty-four inches, or even more. If this can be done considerably in advance of actual planting, the action of rainfall will thoroughly incorporate the fertilizing ma- terial with the main body of the soil. When starting the actual planting, go over the bed areas and with a stake mark out the location of each individual shrub, after which the holes may be dug ready to receive the plants, and a covering of soil quickly thrown over the roots, thereby avoiding any drying out through exposure. If drainage conditions around the foundations are poor and the soil is likely to be unusually wet during heavy rains, it would be well to prepare a drainage area at the bottom of the planting bed and connect this with the usual tiled drain which is placed immediately outside of the footings of the cellar walls. (Fig. VII, page 102) This is to be done, of course, when the original staking is done. If no tile is present, a line of tile may be put in and connected with the storm drainage system of the house, or run into a sinkhole at a considerable distance from the building. On the arrival of the nursery stock, break out bundles and “heel-in” at a conveniently handy spot in the garden area. This is done by digging a shallow trench in which the roots of the plants are laid at an angle, a generous quantity of earth being thrown over the roots and the lower portion of the plants in order to prevent drying out of the root system. Keep each variety separate so that any required plants may be readily located at planting time. When planting shrubs in a narrow bed, as necessitated by a walk close to the side of the house, be careful so to place each shrub that it slants slightly toward the building, as otherwise it has a tendency to encroach upon the walk area as it develops size. If properly inclined, a little helpful pruning will keep the head clear of the walk area. (Fig. V, page 102) A rough rule for determining the distance apart for the plants to be spaced is that the average shrub will grow in width a distance equal to two thirds of its height; the height of the shrub can usually be found in the descriptive matter of the nursery catalogue or reference book. Bo, bDEACKBERRIES, AND DEWBERRIES PO alin rrO WE? GAR DE N JOHN L. DOAN School of Horticulture for Women, Ambler, Pa. RASPBERRI STR SEPA rs Berries the Season Through—Habits and Cultural Requirements—Some Important Plant Characteristics PANN BVI, TES Epitors’ NoteE:—The average home garden is notoriously deficient in fruit, perhaps because of a subconscious thought that fruits for current needs can always be bought. They can, but not the kind that a gardener can grow for himself. Apart from the matter of intrinsic quality and state of maturity it must be recognized that good fruit is becoming less and less easy to obtain at reasonable prices and. that this deficiency of an acknowl- edged essential in the dietary must be supplied at home. This article is the third of a series especially prepared for THE GARDEN MAGAZINE by Mr. Doan dealing with the various aspects and possibilities of the home fruit garden. ““What, Why, and How Much Fruit to Plant” may be found on pages 323, 324 of our February (1922) issue, and “Strawberries for the Home Garden” in March, pages 27-29. Others will follow. HE Bramble fruits (Raspberry, Blackberry, and Dew- berry), following soon after the Strawberries, continue = the small fruit season until mid-summer, and, with the “We Everbearing Red Raspberry, until autumn. All re- quire similar treatment and all the important varieties belong to native species. Dewberries are trailing and are the most thorny. The other groups are more erect. Blackberries are thorny and vigorous. There are hybrids between the Blackberry and Dewberry also called Blackberries; they are less erect than the pure ones, and always need support. The Red and Black Raspberries are distinct species and each has a variety with yellow fruit. The Black Raspberries are considerably thorny while the red kinds have few thorns by comparison. Purple Raspberries are hybrids between the Red and the Black kinds. They usually resemble the Black Raspberries the more closely in bush characters and are treated like them in cultivation. The flowers and fruits of all the groups are borne upon growths of the current year, rising from canes of the previous year’s growth. With the Blackberries these are little more than fruit clusters with.a few leaves; but with the Raspberries and Dew- berries the shoots are considerably longer. The Red Raspberry and Blackberry sucker freely, and the Dewberry and Black Raspberry propagate by tip layering. Yields ITH good care and reasonably favorable conditions, the following yields should readily be secured, and often exceeded after the second year. Red Raspberries Black Raspberries 7 Blackberries Dewberries 5 pts. per 10 ft. of row ce ce ce ce ce “e The profitable life of a Bramble plantation may vary from five to more than ten years. The most frequent determining factor is the health of the plants. Anthracnose is most likely to shorten the life of the plantation, and probably crown gall would stand second as a menace. Usually the Black Raspberry plantation is shortest lived and the Blackberry plantation longest lived. Where They Like to Grow good air drainage is desirable. All Brambles take kindly to moderate shade and may be grown next to buildings, near fences, or close to trees, where vegetables will not thrive. The Dewberry likes a light sandy soil or a sandy loam; the others need moist but well drained, loamy soil. The Blackberry and ee: as for other fruits, a somewhat elevated situation with 105 Red Raspberry prefer a soil ranging from a rather heavy sandy loam to a light clay loam, but certain varieties seem to have marked preferences for certain types of soil. Black Raspberries do well in a soil that is somewhat heavier; but they may be set more deeply, enabling the canes to stand up better in a rather light to medium loam. Land Preparation and Planting EFORE the plants are set the land should be well supplied with organic matter, deeply plowed or spaded in, prefer- ably in the autumn because the Brambles start growth earlier in spring than most land is ready to be plowed. A heavy sod that has been plowed under and followed by one cultivated crop is a good source for humus; or about 125 lbs. of manure to the square rod is very satisfactory. If the ground has been kept well manured in previous years, all this may not be necessary. How They Can be Grown LANTING may bedone either in the fall orin the spring where the climate is not severe; otherwise spring planting is best, and as early as practical, because the strong buds which develop into the young shoots are very brittle after they have started to grow and, if planting be delayed, the plants must be very care- fully handled. After fall planting, place over each plant a fork- ful of straw or similar protective material, or a mound of soil at least 6 in. high, to be removed in early spring. The Brambles are usually planted in rows spaced according to the vigor of growth, thus: 8 ft. apart for Blackberries, most vig- orous of our Eastern Brambles, 7 ft. for Black Raspberries; 6 ft. for Red Raspberries and Dewberries. In the row allow Black- berries 4 ft. apart with Raspberries and Dewberries 3 ft. apart. Because of its greater convenience in all operations, the hill system is growing in favor. After the first crop, it affords at least equal yields of larger, finer fruit. Distances vary, but about 5 x 5 ft. for Red Raspberries and Dewberries, 6 x 6 ft. for Black Raspberries, and 7 x 7 ft. for Blackberries is satisfactory. Any of the early garden vegetables may be grown as companion crops the first year. Cultivation and Cover Crop FTER the fruit has been gathered, keep up thorough cultivation, starting a rank, quick cover crop, preferably one that will continue to grow in cool weather. Barley, Buck- wheat (preferably with Rye), Rye alone, Winter Vetch, and Cow-peas may be used. This crop to be worked under about 4 inches deep the following spring, not disturbing the larger roots of Blackberry and Red Raspberry, as that aggravates the sucker- ing habit. Suckers will appear anyhow in those plantations after the 106 first year; of these, from three to five strong canes may be saved about each parent crown, the rest being treated as weeds. Growers are not of one mind about the fertilizing of Bram- bles. However, good yields follow the moderate use of stable manure as already given, supplemented in early spring by commercial fertilizers, say 2 lbs. of acid phosphate, and 1% lbs. of high grade sulphate of potash per square rod, well worked in. If a good cover crop be worked into the soil each spring, the addition of 5 lbs. per square rod of a fertilizer containing about 4% of nitrogen, 8% of phosphoric acid, and 10% of potash, will amply supply the needs of the Brambles three years out of four, the manure and supplementary fertilizers being used the fourth year. The Dewberry is a native of thin soils and aside from the working in of the cover crop should be fertilized sparingiy. Pruning and Training for Fruit HE young shoots of the Blackberry and Black Raspberry are usually nipped back to make the main stalks stocky and cause strong laterals to be thrown out. About 2 ft. is a very satisfactory height for the former, and 2% for the latter; but if the young canes have passed the desired height, they should not be shortened more than 6 inches, as severe shortening causes weak laterals. Dewberries are not pinched back as they require support under any condition; nor the Red Raspberries usually, as most varieties produce weak laterals, and their tendency to sucker is aggravated. The Herbert Red Raspberry, however, responds to pinching back. The following spring the laterals of the Black Raspberry and the Blackberry are pruned back, according to their vigor and the location of their bloom. Varieties that carry their bloom near the base of the lateral are pruned more severely than those that bloom further out. But if the flowering habits of the variety are not known it is well to delay pruning until the buds have developed sufficiently to show the flower clusters. Prune away about one third of the bloom on strong shoots and more on weaker ones if there is an abundance. Prune Red Raspberry canes of average vigor to about 3 feet; stronger ones being left higher. If laterals have been thrown out, prune these according to their strength, 1 ft. or more for the strong ones, the weaker to a few inches. Dewberry canes are first to be tied up to stakes and then pruned to a convenient length, usually 3 to 4 ft. After fruiting, the canes of the Brambles die; therefore, remove and burn immediately after the fruit has been gathered, thus giving more room to the young canes. Supports HOUGH nipping back Blackberry and Black Raspberry canes may enable them to carry their fruit fairly well, it is better to support them in some way. When the hill system is followed, there may be one or two stakes to each hill. If one stake be used, the bearing canes are tied to it and the young ones are left unsupported. If two stakes be used, the young canes are tied to one and the bearing canes to the other, an arrangement that helps in gathering fruit and in removing the old canes after harvest. For the row system, light posts of durable timber may be set 20 to 30 ft. apart with cross-bars of inch wood, about 3 in. wide and 18 in. long, centered on the posts at about 3 ft. high. No. 11 wires are stapled to the upper edges of these near their ends, and the canes are supported between the wires without tying. If Dewberries be so supported, however, the canes are tied, the young ones to one wire and the old ones to the other. The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 The various troubles of insect and disease that are likely to attack may usually be controlled by faithfully carrying out the following spray program: (1) spray the bushes while dormant with copper sulphate, 1 0z. to 6 qts. of water; (2) spray with Dry Bordeaux or Pyrox, prepared according to directions upon the package, when the young canes are 6 in. high; (3) spray with Pyrox or arsenateof lead just before blooming; (4) spray with Dry Bordeaux when the old canes are cut out, just after harvesting the fruit. Blackberries and Dewberries do not often need spraying. Whenever any cane looks sickly, cut it out and burnit. If the whole plant should look sickly under good care, or should show orange-red discolorations on the under surfaces of the leaves, dig and burn it at once. When the old canes are removed, cut off several inches below the injured part any tips of the young canes that are wilted or any canes that show elongated swellings. In setting out the plantation, reject and burn any plants that show warty enlargements on roots or crowns. Gathering ALL these fruits are much better when they become fully ripe, but not over ripe, on the bushes. Being tender, they should be picked with the thumb and two fingers, as three points of contact mean less pressure; and they should be laid, not thrown, into the box. Do not gather the fruit when wet, unless it is to be used quickly, and take the berries into a cool, dark place promptly after they are picked. In average summer weather the fruit should be picked every second day. Black Raspberries are ready to be gathered when they come off readily without the stem. Red Raspberries lose some of their glossiness, also usually turning darker, and enlarge and soften when they ripen. Dewberries and Blackberries turn black three days or so before they are fully ripe; when they are ripe they are considerably larger, softer, and more juicy, and the individual drupelets that compose them have increased greatly in size. Varieties LACK Raspberries begin ripening towards the end of June (latitude of New York City) and usually last two weeks or more. Plum Farmer and Black Pearl (not Black Diamond) are good varieties; Cumberland is still good, but less healthy than the other two. It is hard to get good plants of Gregg, Kansas, etc. The Red Raspberries begin ripening almost with the black ones and have a much longer season. Cuthbert and Herbert are excellent, in quality and otherwise. Ranere (St. Regis), the everbearing variety, prefers a light sandy loam. It pro- duces an early crop, then considerable fruit until frost, when the season favors. La France and Latham are two comparatively new everbearing kinds that I have not tested under varied conditions, but they are well spoken of by others, and La France has large, luscious fruit of rich color borne until winter. The standard yellow fruited variety is Golden Queen. In case the Purple Raspberry should be desired, plant Columbian. The Blackberry-Dewberry hybrid, known as McDonald Black- berry, begins ripening about with the Dewberries, by the middle of July (latitude of New York City) and continues until the mid- season varieties are in. As it requires cross-pollination, every fourth or fifth plant should be Early Harvest Blackberry. Blowers, Mersereau, or Eldorado would be a high quality mid- season variety. Ward is well suited to sandy loams. Taylor is one of the best late varieties. Lucretia is the leading Dewberry and frequently needs cross pollination, Early Harvest Blackberry or the Austin Dewberry being satisfactory for that purpose. If the soil is not very good, Dewberries may well be omitted.. tiie vy VENTURE: FLOWER PAINTING Epitor’s Note: overlooked in the past. CARLE J. BLENNER Lifting Flower Painting to the Field of Authentic Portraiture— Dignifying the Once Dilettante Pastime by Treating it as a Fine Art Requiring Both Accuracy and Breadth of Vision As our readers have the privilege of seeing one of Mr. Blenner’s charming old-fashioned bouquets on the cover of this issue of THE GARDEN MaGAzineE, they will, we are sure, find this little personal account of the portrait painter’s conversion to flower painting of particular interest. gardener that artists of Mr. Blenner’s caliber and training are turning seriously to this field of portraiture which, though it has had an occasional devotee like Paul de Longpré and Alfred Parsons, has been on the whole rather It is heartening to the On graduating from Yale, Mr. Blenner studied at the Julian Academy in Paris; received honorable mention at the Salon, and since his return has been accorded recognition in a number of ways, winning the Hallgarten Prize at the National Academy, medals at the Pan-American, St. Louis, and Charleston Expositions, at Boston, etc. The reproduction on the cover is of necessity much smaller than the original painting done in oil on a large scale with a good deal of brilliancy and verve, unfortunately impossible to convey in this reduced and mechanical form. However, as the original with a number of others were on exhibition in New York early in March and will be shown later in Cleveland and Chicago, some of our readers, at least, have the opportunity of judging for themselves of Mr. Blenner’s success as a flower portraitist. A rather interesting comparison is furnished by the February, 1922, cover (also an “‘old-fashioned bouquet,”’) done by the English flower painter, Mr. Frank Galsworthy. The technique of these two renderings is quite dissimilar, though both are characterized by sincerity and a genuine appreciation of flowers. Mr. Gals- worthy works in water-color in a finished, almost finicking manner, but there’s no mistaking the veracity of his treatment and the depth of his first-hand friendship with the things he paints. Mr. Blenner approaches his subject in quite another way, his viewpoint distinctly that of the artist, getting his effects through composition and bold brush work, with oil as a surprisingly obedient medium, gaining in brilliance and luminosity what he loses in delicacy. To both men we gardeners owe a debt of thanks! bee OST of my life I have painted portraits and genre sub- Ny, jects. It seems strange that | have not painted ~~ flowers before, being such an ardent admirer of them IAS and of beautiful gardens; in fact, all my family are garden enthusiasts. Seeing so many flower paintings, mostly water-colors, done by amateurs and thinking it rather effemi- nate work is, I fancy, what really so long prevented me from taking up my present hobby. A year ago last spring, while at my summer studio near New Haven, I chanced upon some Lilacs in blossom, surrounded by Apple trees in full bloom. I! gathered a bunch of each ina bright yellow bowl and painted them; the picture was fresh, dainty, and suggestive of spring. It seemed to please the little circle about me, so, encouraged, | started another, quite brilliant in color, of flaming Oriental Poppies and Snowballs. I was then completely inoculated with the lure of this new field and as the season advanced painted the different flowers: Dogwood; Iris; Peonies; Roses; some boquets of old-fashioned blooms—Phlox, Snapdragons, Delphiniums, Zinnias, Fuchsias, Marigolds, etc.—interesting combinations of color which | enjoy doing most. In selecting a subject, I am more successful if | take a mass of flowers and put them in a vase or bowl, without a too studied arrangement, then by changing a bloom here and there I often get an interesting composition, some accidental effects helping materially. Advice from nearby florists has been very useful in preserving my boquets; I was told to put the stems in boiling water, allowing the flowers to steam. This keeps them fresh a few days longer, and I have found it particularly true of Dahlias and Peonies. One must be up and doing, for they soon fade and droop and one of the chief charms of a flower picture is its freshness and purity of color. As soon as the blooms show signs of wilting, I replace them with fresh ones as nearly the same in color and shape as possible and in the same position. I am fond of big masses of color, not showing many leaves or stems. Artists have each their individual way of seeing things. When painting flowers some present only blobs and splotches of nice color, while others suggest the precise glory of the seed catalogue, and others again strike the happy me- dium, depicting the blossoms with sufficient botanical ac- curacy to enable the genuine lover of flowers to recognize his _ friends and yet with the breadth of treatment requisite to all really good portraiture. It is this last style which appeals to me and which | try to follow. 107 Flowers have character; you seem to feel the class and caste distinctions among them—prim Zinnias; stately Peonies, beautiful and dignified; shrinking Violets; sensuous Orchids. with their many varied hues and shapes; then the barbaric splendor of hue in the new Dahlias; the cool, erect Delphinium holding its head high. One realizes with Goethe that Nature has expended all of her powers of color effectiveness and beauty in her flowers—all that is delicate in tints; all that is lurid, splendid, bizarre. To paint flowers one must appreciate their delicacy of form and the rare color beauty of them. After having painted beautiful women for so many years, it is but a step in artistic understanding from the one to the other. T IS such a joy to get into the country and do a little garden- ing after a winter’s work of portrait painting. Facing my summer studio, I laid out some time ago a little old-fashioned. garden; first making a flat terrace, as the studio stands on a hill. Around the central fountain cluster small flower beds. containing mostly old-fashioned flowers and bordered by a hedge of Boxwood; the paths are white gravel and in one corner is an old, curved English garden bench. A large Eng- lish Button-ball tree furnishes some grateful shade during the hottest part of the day. Along one side of this terrace runs a stone wall covered by bright green vines with a mass of Holly- hocks in front. On the other side I built a trellis eight feet high, thirty long, over which eight kinds of climbing Roses. scramble at will, and a wonderful sight in June is this mass. of beautiful, varied color! There are several large springs in the lower part of the hill. | made two artificial ponds to drain the land; one circular, in which I put some tubs filled with Pond-lily bulbs, pink, yellow, and the lovely white Victoria regina. In the centre | put a larger tub with Lotus flowers, but the water was probably too. cold for they did not flourish. Some goldfish introduced a number of years ago have grown to a large size and their glint- ing, reddish gold is very decorative amongst the rich green leaves. They are useful as well for they feed on the scale which attacks the Lily leaves. This pool really is quite a picture with the Lilies in blossom, the goldfish swimming about, and a number of glittering blue dragon-flies fluttering above. Occasionally, too, a green frog will come out and sit on one of the leaves apparently to gaze at some beautiful white Lily—a humorous twentieth century “Beauty and the Beast.” 108 SPRING InCllions|slandGarden “ Wie ied ADOLPH KRUHM Lettuces That Don’t Head and Why They Never Can—What the Gardener Can Do to Ensure Daily Salad from April to Thanksgiving HE one reason why there is any question at all of an all- season supply of salad is that we are asking distinctly Z cool season vegetables to adjust themselves to mid- summer heat. Endive, Lettuce, Chinese Cabbage revel in cool, moist weather which commonly is not experienced in most parts of the country during July and August, when we most desire refreshing salads. Five factors determine the degree of our success in growing salad crops: season, soil, moisture supply, strains of seeds, and cultivation. It is up to the planter’s ingenuity to figure a way whereby the other four factors may be combined to work against the first (season) for the greatest results. Let us consider them in detail. The first step is to put the soil in as good condition as possible for the crop, which is not difficult because as a group the salads are not particular. The one thing they do require is liberal quantities of quickly available plant food, especially humus. Humus is rotted vegetable matter and is to be in- corporated into the surface soil. Fresh stable manure, dug under 6 to 8 inches, Rye and other green crops, plowed under to an equal depth, are beyond the reach of the salad plants. They form humus in due time; but the salad plants must have it at once, and my experience is that it pays to work a generous supply of the commercial article right into the row. Rotted cow manure and well-rotted sod- soil serve the pur- pose equally well. Strange to say, moisture supply, the next factor in success is the least important under cer- tain conditions of cultivation. I have raised finer heads of Lettuce right on Long Island during July without irriga- tion than ever were produced with the help of watering. When the plants do The Butter-head type leads the Lettuces for com- pactness in head- ing and for deli- cacy of texture and flavor not get moisture from above, they go down for it—if the soil texture is right. They then form long tap roots with few laterals. Surface irrigation, on the other hand, pro- duced shorter tap roots with bunches of laterals; in a drouth. such plants quickly, shoot up seedstalks, even before heads are formed. Strain of seed is a most important factor. Please note: that I say strain. Ordinarily we would specify certain varieties, but in the case of Lettuce we go farther. There are, for instance, two types of Tennisball Lettuce—the White Seeded, with many variations; the Black Seeded, with fewer. Now, White Seeded Tennisball is like to a bucking bronco—you never know when it will bolt; yet nine out of ten seed catalogues. still offer it, for antiquity’s sake. Black Seeded Tennisball, on the contrary, is the best of all the extra early Butter-head sorts for early spring work. May King and Wayahead, which | consider strains of Tennisball, are white seeded, but have characteristics of merit. May King will do- well under meaner conditions of soil and season than any other extra early heading variety, while Wayahead is the earliest, though somewhat more exacting. Amazing results may be scored with Lettuce between the middle of April and the end of November, if only proper selec— tions are made. It is essential to choose a variety that will do its best at the period in which it 1s to be grown. May King dur- ing May is a wonder; during July it is a joke. New York or Wonderful, during June, is a disgust= ing looking, flat, coarse plant; with the approach of hot weather in July it fortifies its interior by form- ing walls rein- forced by strong, The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 midribs. With no other vegetable is the question of “specific strains and varieties for specific seasons”’ as all-important. The Programme of Sowing and the Kinds to Sow TAKE it for granted that the gardener had access to a cold- frame during early March in order to provide seedlings of Black Seeded Simpson. As an alternative, most seed and plant establishments are generally prepared during April to supply sturdy plants, suitable for transplanting into the open ground, 10 inches apart in rows, 18 inches between the rows. Where this can be done early in April, the gardener will enjoy crisp Lettuce from early in May until the middle of June. But please remember Black Seeded Simpson is not a Head Lettuce. As soon as the ground can be dug and raked (generally about April 15th) sow short rows each of Wayahead, May King, Black Seeded Tennisball, and California Cream Butter. When thinning these, about May sth to 1oth, transplant the sturdiest seedlings wherever there is space in the garden. These four varieties will mature in succession, supplying salad from the middle of June until the middle of July, when California Cream Butter will “bolt” to seedstalks. The first week in May sow All Seasons, Iceberg, New York or Wonderful, and Kingsholm Cos. This will provide heads from early July until early August. While thinning the seedlings of New York or Wonderful, transplant the sturdiest, which will be ready about a week later than those left to grow in the original row. By the middle of August, even Kingsholm Cos will go on a strike; and from then on, for about four weeks be satisfied to do without Lettuce. But Endive sown in May will supply the salads for that interval. Early in August sow a row each of Unrivaled, Crisp-as-Ice, and New York or Wonderful. These will provide salad from the middle of September, when Unrivaled will be ready, until Thanksgiving when the last of New York or Wonderful may be snowed under, At this time the coldframe will help again. By the middle of October, transplant a score each of Crisp-as-Ice and Wonderful into the frame, covering the plants during severely cold nights, and you may enjoy fresh Lettuce of your own growing even up to Christmas, depending entirely upon the severity of the season. 117 Giant Fringed or Caring for the Growing Crop Oyster Endive is indispensable during August and September when the true ry head Lettuces e)} _ are no longer to be had HE least understood and therefore least practiced detail in Lettuce culture, the lack of attention which is responsible for 75 per cent. of all failures (balance to be credited to choice of poor strains), is thinning the growing crop. The seedlings must be thinned to give ample room for the unhampered de- velopment of the individual plant. Do the first “thinning”? (which is really cultivation) when the plants are just large enough to be taken hold of, gen- erally 3 to 4 inches. Lettuce seeds ger- minate from 90 per cent. to 100 per cent. Everyone sows them too thickly. The result is crowded rows, spindly seedlings, a war of “the survival of the fittest,’ a waste of plant food on the unfit, and permanent injury to the crop. Thin out so that every Lettuce stands at first 4 inches from its fellow in the row. Assoonas the little plants fill that space, remove every other one, now fit for salads. Repeat this thinning out process until the plants stand 12 to 18 inches apart, the small varieties requir- ing less room, the larger ones as much as 2 feet of space for each head in the TOW. From the time that the little plants become individuals on a street rather than babies in a crowded tenement, the hoe or any cultivator should be kept busy. Besides hoeing both sides of the row, stir the soil iv the row, between the plants. No other vegetable crop I know responds so thoroughly to diligent and thorough cultivation. It will grow fairly well even in soils poor The Chinese Cab- bage Wong Bok, if sown in early Au- gust, matures rapid- ly and is ready for table use by the end of September 118 in humus, so long as frequent cultivation is practised, and will stand a surprising amount of drouth. Utilities of the Different Classes HERE are three distinct branches of the Lettuce family, each of specific usefulness at different seasons: (1) the Loose- leaf class, members of which will never form heads; (2) the true Head Lettuce; (3) the Cos Lettuce which forms upright bunches of leaves, folding more or less tightly, according to variety. The first is important only for very early work; it will thrive in lower temperatures, and meaner weather, and get along on poorer soil than any other type. But that’s all that can be said in favor. Neither in quality nor in appearance do they measure up to the other classes. The most important of the early Looseleaf type is Black Seeded Simpson. Prizehead—a poor name for a sort that won’t head, and positively mL SleaG ng ranks second. Among the Cos Lettuces, the chief value of which lies in their heat resistance, Express or Eclipse is the earliest, but small. Paris White grows larger, does well during early August and is of better quality. Kingsholm is the largest and latest of the three and while of a rather forbidding appearance, it holds a heart of gold. Head Lettuces, however, are the ambition of every home gardener. They areof two kinds: Butter-head and Crisp-head. The Butter-heads are distinct from the others in having leaves of markedly delicate texture which seem oily or buttery to the touch. The Crisp-heads lack this characteristic, form- ing strongly ribbed heads which somewhat resemble small Cabbage, wherefore they are called “Cabbagehead” in some catalogues. The Butter-heads carry off the quality prize, they are best served with French dressing, whereas SATE are often given a bacon fat dressing. But there is reason for growing both Butter-heads and Crisp- heads in the home garden. When the best of the Butter-heads wilt and go to seed under August suns, the Crisp-heads, with their tightly folded heads and strong midribs, prolong the salad season for another week or ten days, perhaps. The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 For perfect succession of delicious Butter-head Lettuces, use the following varieties (the figure after each name indicates the time required to form heads from the time of sowing seeds): Butter-heads: Wayahead, (45); May King, (50); Black Seeded Tennisball, (55); California Cream Butter, (65); All Sea- sons, (75). Crisp-heads: Iceberg, (70) ; Eason (75); New York or Won- derful, (80). Crisp-as-Ice is difficult to classify; with Butter-head quality its growth character is Crisp-head. It is the one variety, however, | prefer to all others for late season work. It will stand a remarkable amount of cold weather without injury. The Other Salads HILE a member of an entirely different family and lacking the delicate flavor of Lettuce, Endive is indispensable as a salad to fill the gap during August and September. Giant- fringed or Oyster Endive, from seeds sown in the middle of May will yield average plants by the middle of August and, if shaded by either boards or muslin during the hottest part of the day, will do duty while a late sowing of Lettuce is coming on. We also discovered last year that the Chinese Cabbage was better as a salad than as a cooked dish. Do not sow until early in August and its development will be most rapid, so that by late September, and from that on until snow covers the ground, you can count on gathering delightful, crinkled, well blanched heads, weighing from two to five pounds each. The flavor of this salad is delightfully pungent. Witloof Chicory is for connoisseurs among salad eaters. This is the French Endive of Europe. Seeds are sown early in April, the plants making a strong growth throughout the season, and the roots are dug in the fall. The tops are then cut back to within an inch of the neck, the roots are shortened at the bottom so that all are a uniform length of from six to eight inches. They are then packed upright in deep boxes, the crowns covered with sand, soil,or moss. After watering, place in a warm cellar. If this be done in the middle of November, a delightful, crisp, aromatic salad will be had at Christmas. A 3-IN-1 SPRAY FOR THE BUSY GARDiENi Saving Labor by Uniting Several Ingredients into One All-Purpose Combination OU would like to save from a half to two thirds of the time and labor or- Z, dinarily required in giving the garden MM a thorough spray treatment. It can be done, yet there are plenty of gardeners who Taking our fruit crops (which are perhaps more permanent and easily observed than the average ornamentals) as a calender guide, the first act of our general spray programme opens just as the Apple blossoms are about to ex- just have never got round to merely com- bining two or three sprays—each with a specific purpose and action—and using the manifold protector three or more times throughout the season at such keynote periods as will enable them to do the most damage to the largest possible number of injurious insects and diseases. The essential ingredients of such a mixture of preventives and remedies are: 1. Fungicide with which to overcome or ward off mildews, rusts and other fungous diseases. 2. Stomach poison for the destruction of - such beetles, caterpillars and other insects as chew the plant tissues and may be killed by materials taken into their ali- mentary systems along with the leaves eaten. 3. Contact spray by means of which scale insects, plant lice and all other sucking forms may be combatted. broken lines. Double lines show what may be united into a combined 3-in-1 all-purpose spray. Undesirable combinations are shown by The light, line shows possible safe mixtures pand. If there is a severe and well-established case of scale on any of the trees, you can ad- vantageously introduce a “prologue” in the form of an application of some recognized scalecide, just before the leaf buds on the fruit trees break. This is a “dormant” spray, and since most, if not all, insect enemies as well as their host plants are dormant at that time, there is no need to waste either poisons or contact sprays by including them. As soon as the Apple petals have fallen, but before the calices of the tiny fruits have closed, give the second act. From ten days to two weeks later a third spraying will usually dispose of any pests that have escaped the first two ap- plications. Such a course of treatment will be reasonably sure to destroy any infection existing in your own garden. Later throughout the summer infestations of insects or disease spores may come in from a less thoroughly protected outside continuous The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 - world and future applications of preventive sprays must be timed to meet these emergencies. S TO the actual materials available for the “triumvirate spray ’ use:as the fungicide, either lime-sulphur or bordeaux mixture; as the stomach poison, lead arsenate or—though slightly less desirable—calcium arsenate; and, as an effective and safe contact poison, nicotine sulphate. These materials form the basis of the numerous commercial preparations offered in the stores, which are best for the home gardener to use. Assuming that few gardeners will need or desire to “mix their own” bordeaux or lime-sulphur, it is necessary merely to refer them to the directions printed on the package of the commercial articles as to the amount of water to be added. Indeed it is far from desirable for the average gardener to attempt to prepare his own materials. They are purchasable in a number of forms. This done, the poison (either paste or powder) is added to the preparation just as if it were plain water; then the nicotine carrier is added in the same way. But one precaution is to be observed: if lime-sulphur is used as a base, and lead arsenate added as the poison, there should be included in the mixture milk of lime at the rate of one pound to ten gallons of the liquid. 119 This prevents the possible development of soluble arsenic which quickly causes foliage injury. This brings up the thought, why not mix up any spray materials one happens to have on hand and thereby kill several birds with one stone. This is possible only within certain limits, since the combination of certain spray mixtures may (1) partially or completely neutralize the effectiveness of one or more of the elements; (2) form some new compound that will injure the plants treated; or (3) set free some equally harmful substance already present in one of the ingredients, but in a harmless form. The accompanying chart (adapted originally from California Circular 195 and, for our purposes here, from Massachusetts Bulletin 201) provides a graphic guide as to which spray ma- terials can, and which cannot, safely be combined. Two important principles to remember are (1) that as a rule the chance of arsenical injury to plant foliage is lessened if spraying is done in dry, comparatively warm weather when the air is circulating freely. (2) While soap may be added to a nicotine spray to increase its adhesive qualities, it should be omitted when the nicotine is combined with other insecticides. inet CAN | CROW IN THE SHADE? ACEEN We EDMIUNSPER VERY plot has at least one spot where the light supply is deficient; and what to plant on the north side of the house is always a problem which is usually evaded by V2 placing the dwelling as near to the north border of the plot as possible and leaving the sunless side bare. The south side may be equally difficult owing to shade of adjoining buildings which sometime very nearly converts the southern exposure into a northern one so far as the practical problem of its planting is concerned. Inasmuch as light is essential to the well-being of plants and only a comparatively few will endure without full exposure, choice of available material is very restricted. Obviously the ideal plant for a shady position is one that is naturally an under- growth plant. Flowering Plants Which Do Well in All Shade NAME COLOR Sow SEED IN MONTE OF HEIGHT SOIL FLOWER Cornflower Blue, white April, outside June to frost 12 ft. | Average Forget-me-not | Blue April, outside May to June 6-8 in Cool and moist Godetia White, crimson May, outside June to Aug. 12 in Cool Nemophila Blue, white, violet Aug.—April June to frost 12 in. Cool and moist Pansy Violet, yellow, blue, etc. Aug.—March April to frost 6-8 in. | Cool and moist Bellflower White, blue Aug.—March June to Aug. 24 ft. Rich, well drained Flowering Plants Which Need Some Sun NAME CoLoR Sow SEED IN HON OF HEIGHT SOIL FLOWER Balsam Yellow, red, white, purple April inside, May outside July to frost 18-24 in. | Rich and moist Verbena White, pink, red, blue March, April inside; May out | June to frost 12 se In any good Stock Pink, scarlet, white, yellow | March inside, May out July to Sept. | 12-18 in. | Rich and moist - Basket-flower Rosy, lavender March inside, April out July to frost Botibe Rich and moist Clarkia Rose, white, red, purple, etc. | March inside, May out July to Sept. 1-2 ft. | Average, not too dry Zinnia Pink, purple, scarlet, etc. March inside, May out June to Oct. 25-3 ft. | Cool and peaty THE GARDEN OF MRS. G. ARTHUR SCHIEREN AT GREAT NECK, LONG ISLAND With the broad steps as a sort of pivot, the garden radiates out from the dwelling in free sweeping lines and lies like a great, gay fan at one’s feet, outspread to meet the blue of near-by waters. Epitors’ Note: THE HOUSE THA Pee Sebi Cities FOR A GARDEN ARTHUR W. COLTON Designed by Miss Ruth Dean, L. A. Because garden and house are so inevitably linked, so essentially interdependent, we believe that gardeners everywhere will find much to interest and inspire in this series of articles, especially prepared for us by Mr. Colton, which presents some happy solutions achieved by Americans of skill and imagination. Preceding articles may be found in THE GARDEN MAGazineE for December, 1921, January and March, 1922. IV. MAKING THE GARDEN A MEDIATOR BETWEEN DWELLING AND SEA HE production of a country place—with its house and i %) furnishings, gardens, orchards, groves, lawns, vistas, oS and so on—has this resemblance in complexity to the production of a play, that it can hardly ever be the work of a single artist. The dramatist can control his unity of action, but his unity of effect lies at the mercy of actors, stage managers, scene painters and who not. Into the country place has entered the various purposes of owner, architect, interior decorator, landscape architect, and even the secret and subter- ranean plots of the plumber. The thoughtful landscape archi- tect tells you that an estate should be planned as a whole, and have a unity of design. One is drawn to add a comprehensive sympathy to one’s agreement with this thoughtful theory. The foundation of every valid canon is the end which it serves, 120 and unity of design is a canon whose foundation in service is ~ reasonably substantial and distinct. Essentially the end which it serves is economy of attention giving a sense of satisfaction, peace, and the restfulness of a goal attained. The goal is a certain completeness of comprehension. One wants a total impression. Unity of design is a short cut to it. Whatever is left outside the design is outside the single impression, and after all it is unity of effect that is really striven for, and unity of design is only a sensible artifice to that end. The theory is sound though the end may sometimes be achieved without it, by the processes of nature, of time, of acci- dent. -Nature herself knows all about it, and shows her knowl- edge in every leaf and tree. But what unity of design is there in the forest itself? And yet the forest has unity of effect just The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 as Emerson’s Journal and Pascal’s Pensées convey the unity of the personalities behind them though in themselves miscel- lanies. In architecture, most especially in gardens and their relation to houses, there are often happy results born of original incongruities, as if some divinity had shaped their ends, and the conscious stones had grown to beauty. One often builds better than he knows by a certain flexibility and “waiting on the Lord.” HE Schieren place, at Great Neck, Long Island, is the out- growth of several persons and tendencies in taste, com- promised to the demands of a location. The property is about two and one half acres, of irregular shape and contour, between the road and Manhasset Bay. As the house (Aymar Embury, II, Architect) was necessarily a large one, and as there was but one site sufficiently level on which to place it (fortunately this portion of the property was close to the road in one corner), the house was placed there, leaving all the water front available for gardens, lawns and so forth, and restricting the service portions of the building and garage to the corner farthest away from the water and nearest the street. While perhaps a less formal type of architecture might have been more suitable in this environment, the predilections of the 121 owner were for the type of house which is here shown and cer- tain requirements as.to view, sun and air caused it to be placed without relation tothe street line. The longitudinal axis of the dwelling was selected as the one on which to develop the garden (designed by Miss Ruth Dean, L. A.) because a natural depression and the adjacent property lines and water front suggested a fan-shaped treatment, quite clearly shown in the panorama photograph taken from the piazza. Very little grading was necessary to install this garden. The brick retaining walls were carried along its sides to a tea- house at the left and a bath-house at the right..- The centre, opposite the piazza on the main axis, is marked by a sun-dial and a summer-house. The boundary at the semi-circular end of the garden is sufficiently defined by an open pergola, revealing glimpses of the water; and the diagonal axis, leading from the foot of the main stairway to the bath-house at the right, is con- tinued to the pier at the boat landing. The materials of the house are brick with marble trim, the columns, cornices, etc., of wood, the roof of slate. It was felt that such formal materials would appear out of place in the garden, and therefore a rough white cement finish was used for the garden house, pergola and connécting walls. The architects feel that the unity of garden and house has been satisfactorily COMMANDING BOTH GARDEN AND SEA Substantial in character and restrained in line, a house of this type becomes increasingly attractive under the mellowing influence of years and weather. Home of Mrs. G. Arthur Schieren, Great Neck, L. I., designed by Aymar Embury, II 122 A VIEW IN THE SCHIEREN GARDEN AT GREAT NECK A very skilful use has here been made of the natural irregularities of the shore line and a gar- den developed that, though built up from a plan somewhat formal in character, has taken on a pleasantly tousled and almost riotous air as if exhilarated by the salt breezes The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 John Wallace Gillies, Photo. v The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 preserved, although the treatment of the pergola and its terminal features is far less formal than that of the house. HE original placing of the house on the property being un- natural, the design of the garden was studied with utmost care to conceal this fact and to give the house such a setting that its location would appear not only natural but inevitable. The house was an almost literal rendering of the owner’s pre- conceived ideas as to plan and elevation, and those ideas pre- sented a number of points of extreme difficulty. One feels that under blending of time it may gather a peculiar charm, and things which the architects perhaps regarded as re- grettable necessities be changed into points of added interest. The tastes of an owner and the demands of the location remain after the architects have departed, and a place that grew con- formingly about those tastes and demands, will have the ad- vantage of their continued influence to aid the blending of time. The public is indebted to Mr. Embury for several useful volumes on American architecture. His “Early American Churches” contains information on the history of certain New England church spires, for instance, which I had long sought for and found nowhere else. His “One Hundred Country Houses” has an interesting chapter on “The House and the Garden,” in which he remarks that the Hollyhock is the best of all flowers from the standpoint of the architect, and, from the same standpoint, defines the garden as “the link which forms the intermediate step between the purely artificial building and its natural environment, and therefore of a dual character, partly natural and partly conventional.” There are standpoints and standpoints. There is the stand- point of the rhetorician who remarks that a “link which forms a step” is a mixed metaphor, and mixed metaphors are viola- tions of the canon of unity; the standpoint of the more genial critic who observes that the great poets do not object to mixed metaphors as much as the rhetoricians; the standpoint of garden lovers who will feel that Mr. Embury’s definition does not wholly 123 cover the subject of gardens; and the standpoint of the present writer who observes that, taken with its context, the definition is evidently not intended to do so; that every art indeed has something of that same dual character; but that so far as it goes the definition seems to be sound; and finally that the Schieren garden illustrates its principle. It is a garden that seems in place between the house and the sea. The open pergola lends to the wide waters its quiet touch of humanity, and the sun-dial adds its comment on mortality. Like as the waves do hasten on the shore, So do our minds hasten to their end. The virtue of dials is to present the motion of time as a gliding without division—not staccato, as ticked off by the household mechanism of a clock, but noiselessly flowing—like wind or water, and without even their rustle or murmur. The dial or hour-glass with its index shadow or gliding sand is more faith- fully indicative of the nature of time than any clock or watch, however minute the vibrations that govern the hands. And because in gardens it is more important that time be measured justly to its spirit than precisely to its letter, and that the thought of time be enlarged and not lessened; because it matters more that the roll of the whole earth be recorded in shadow and silence than that its minute and artificial divisions be exactly indicated by the pointing of a metal index, or the click and recoil of a spring—so it is that dials are rightly placed in gardens. “The success of any garden,” says Mr. Embury, “lies largely in securing proper vistas, and in the successful handling of boun- daries. The vista must be interesting in itself, and terminated by a more or less important feature. The question of boundaries is always a difficult one. Their angles must usually be strengthened.” And these principles too are illustrated in the Schieren garden in the interesting and well-terminated vista, the definite and strong-angled boundary. Along any shore a structural garden is a better intermediary than any green lawn between the house and the sea. Pee oNING PACTS FOR READY REFERENCE —A high, gravelly soil is ideal for fruit trees. —Planting trees too deep is a mistake. —Planting must never be performed while the orchard is wet and sticky. —When set out, young trees should be cut back at least one half of the previous year’s growth of wood. —The best tree to plant is a young whip about five feet high. Such a tree is more apt to grow without a setback. It may be trimmed to any height it is desired to have the head start. —It is claimed that trees set in holes blasted with dynamite bear fruit earlier than when set in spade-dug holes. The use of dynamite in tree planting, subsoiling and ditch digging is more extensive every year. —In selecting large, stocky trees instead of small, well-devel- oped ones, very little is gained. Small or medium-sized trees are better than large, over-grown ones. They live better, grow faster, and become more symmetrical. This holds as true with shade as it does with fruit trees. —Fruit trees must have proper nourishment, as they are rank feeders. —For wounds in trees there is nothing better than rosin and tallow. —Suckers should be removed as fast as they appear. They sap the vitality from the trees, causing too dense a growth. —A good wash to keep rabbits from gnawing fruit trees is a mixture of lime, carbolic acid and copperas. —A dressing of wood ashes, or potash, around the base of the tree assists considerably to improve the color of the fruit. It is also necessary for the fruit to have plenty of light. —The proper distance for planting is 30 feet apart each way for standard Apples; 20 feet for standard Pears and strong grow- ing Cherries; 16 to 20 feet for Plums and Apricots; 10 to 12 feet for dwarf Pears and dwarf Apples. —Should a tree die, remove all of the root possible, and leave the hole in the ground just as the work left it. In about three or four weeks a new tree can be planted, after the hole has been filled with good soil. Tramp the ground firmly when planting. NOW, ANY ONE CAN GRAFT AT AN Y 2 air E. Eo Dr SEYMOUR Modern Surgery Principles Successfully Applied to Plant Propagation Practices Ensuring High Percentage of ‘“Takes”’ Epitors’ Note: —Simple Way to Keep Cion Alive—Good-bye to Grafting Wax The arresting importance of Doctor Morris’s common sense improvements in such an every-day occurrence as grafting makes us realize that after all the world does move. Of all the routine opera- tions of the garden that of grafting has been enshrouded in mystery and muck, for only a few years ago all sorts of vile compounds of clay and what-not to case the wound were considered essentials in the ritual. Now comes the ray of clear light in the application of plain ordinary cleanliness and a modern sanitation sense. craft, yet the last three or four years has seen greater Z= progress in it than in all the centuries before! re ~=No longer need we cut our cion sticks in the fall and store them away in cellars or coldframes; no longer need we struggle with mallet, chisel, and grafting wax during the piercing winds of February and March lest the sap “start to run” be- fore the work is finished; no longer need we anticipate fifty or more per cent. of failures due to the drying or rotting, choking through not cutting the binding in time, etc. Nor is the kind of plant even of such importance, it would seem—nothing being impossible so long as a fairly close family relationship exists. And all this because Dr. Robert T. Morris, an eminent surgeon by profession and an ardent horticulturist by avocation, has successfully applied to the ancient art of grafting some of the principles and methods of modern surgery! Doctor Morris does his gardening at Merribrooke, a natural and beautiful coun- try place of several hundred acres in the wooded highlands out- side Stamford, Conn. There I found him one glorious Novem- ber day indulging in some experimental grafting on a mass of tangled wild Grape vines. On every hand there is something of interest—a native Tulip tree grafted over to the clean-limbed Magnolia glauca; the same species on the plebeian Pumpwood; a Shagbark or Pignut sap- ling bearing perhaps half a dozen grafts, each of a different variety or hybrid form of Hickory to be tested for the quality of its nuts (for, as is moreorless generally known, Doctor Morris is one of the most enthusiastic advocates of nut culture in the United States and one of the best informed authorities); and a native Persimmon (productive at least as far north as Newark, N. J.) grafted over to one or more of the luscious Japanese sorts which Doctor Morris yet hopes to make a practicable fruit crop for a large part of the temperate zone. Hazels are everywhere— some native seedlings bearing healthy shoots of European or Asiatic species, and other seedlings of foreign origin grafted to American sorts, especially the Bonnybush variety, discovered by the Doctor in one of his pastures bearing nuts of unusual size and quality on particularly sturdy, handsome growth. Scattered in among these combination specimens are individual trees that the casualist would overlook, but full of interest—a Chinese Pistache of no great value outside of its hardiness, but waiting to be top-worked to some of the commercial nut bearing forms; a slender, handsome specimen of the Carolina Hickory, a stranger in these New England environs; the Asiatic Winged Walnut brought up from a collection on Long Island and now of four years’ standing in this, its “farthest north” location; an Armenian Apricot also known as Chinese Almond, that blossoms regularly even ahead of the Forsythia, but just as regularly is nipped by succeeding frosts so that it has never yet born fruit; and Chestnut, Walnut, Hazel, Hickory and even Pecan hybrids innumerable, each of them offering possibilities. Among so many riches some jewels are likely to be overlooked even by the owner, as was the native Chestnut he had grafted over to the improved variety Scott more than a dozen years ago, and only 124 rediscovered last summer, covered with burrs. “The things I forget about,’ remarked Doctor Morris resignedly, “lead people to think sometimes that I’m untruthful.” Grafting nut trees has long been regarded as most difficult and indeed of late years has been almost discarded in favor of budding. Whereas heretofore a two per cent. success was re- markably gratifying, Doctor Morris is now from seventy to eighty per cent. consistently successful with Hickory, Pecan, Walnut and.Chestnut! He has even established Chestnut cions on several kinds of Oak! Last spring, strong unions were secured between improved Plum and Cherry cions on common Wild Cherry stocks. Cions ranging all the way from an inch to over two feet in length were used. Even with the shorter lengths the grafts often make from three to six feet of new wood the first season. Grafting has been successful in February with wood cut immediately before use, and as late as the first week of September, as well as at all times between, but Doctor Morris suggests from April to July as the preferred time in which to do budding. He as- serts, however, that grafting can in his opinion, be done at any time throughout the year! Cutting and storing of cions in advance of the operation as is now generally done—“mediate grafting” as Doctor Morris terms it—will in all likelihood remain the common method; but a big and attractive field for “immediate grafting” is seen, the cion being cut and at once inserted in the stock. By this method, using as a cion a piece of growing Pear wood in full leaf, a Kieffer Pear was successfully grafted in the middle of August, 1919! A branch was accidentally broken from a dwarf Pear and after it had lain around on the earth for a couple of days a friend facetiously remarked that it might provide some good grafting material. Largely in a spirit of fun, Doctor Morris cut some cions from the wilted branch, stripped off the leaves, set the cions in a near-by seedling Pear stock—and they soon were growing vigorously! Another interesting case is that of a young European Hazel tree some six inches in diameter which, two years ago, was com- pletely girdled by field mice and presumably killed, at any rate it was cut down flush with the ground and forgotten—until this past spring, two years later, mind you, during which time no suckers or shoots had appeared. In May, 1921, for some un- explained reason, Doctor Morris decided to see what would happen to a graft made on the supposedly dead stump, so he in- serted a couple of cions from his Bonnybush Hazel. When seen on November 6th, they had not only taken hold but had made a growth of at least three feet apiece; moreover, the bark of the stump all around the graft had become green and healthy and had started to grow up over the six-inch cut surface! HAT is the secret? Protoplasm, argues Doctor Morris, is protoplasm whether in plant or animal. In either case it lives, multiplies, thrives and perishes under similar conditions. Why, then, should not the methods and precautions applicable in the one field prove equally useful in the other? Of course, The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 it isn’t all quite so simple a proposition as this lucid explanation would make it appear. Because of his long experience, study, and his natural genius for the work, grafting operations on any sort of stock have become for Doctor Morris as commonplace affairs as a minor operation or an excursion into some indi- vidual’s abdominal cavity. He instinctively handles his knife and accessories with consummate skill. But because we are not all surgeons is no reason why we cannot follow the directions given in detail in Doctor Morris’s recently published volume “Nut Growing” (Macmillan Co.) and here summarized. T IS insisted that in plant as in animal surgery there must be perfect asepsis—the prevention of infection by bacteria, dirt, etc. Therefore the cut surfaces of stock and cion must be touched as little as possible, the wounds must be kept as small as consistent with the scale of the operation, and all ex- posed surfaces after the work is completed must be protected from outside contamination. During the actual grafting pro- cess this means simply deftness and care and clean implements; afterwards it is effected by covering the graft with, not grafting wax, paint or any more noisome compound, but simply melted paraffin. This is the adaptation of a practice that proved a godsend in the treatment of burns during the World War. Not only is paraffin cleanly, easy and pleasant to apply and conven- iently handled either cold or (with a brush) when melted, but it is waterproof, durable, inexpensive and adapted to filling up every possible crack and crevice into which wax or paint would not reach or in which it might not remain. Thus paraffin not only covers and actually helps to heal cut surfaces, but also it fills up little pockets in which sap might collect and, fermenting, develop injurious poisons. Carrying this disinfecting idea a bit further, Doctor Morris found that if, in an especially vigorous graft, sap tends to ooze out from beneath the paraffin, a small pad of absorbent cotten dusted full of borax and tied over the point of leakage provides an effective protection against other- wise almost certain infection. Secondly, there must be prevention of evaporation that would dry the cion before the union is sufficiently formed to provide an additional supply from the stock. Here again paraffin does the trick—to the extent that in Doctor Morris’s work no graft is completed until not only the cut surfaces of stock and cion, the whole union and the raffia or other wrapping are covered, but also the entire cion from graft to tip. This coating checks evaporation and, being translucent, permits the vital action of light on the chloro- phyll in the bark to continue unhindered. At the same time it somewhat modifies the heat rays. Furthermore, although it excludes bacteria and checks evaporation, it does not suffo- cate the parties to the graft- ing arrangement by interfering with their transpiration. In other words it does everything that a protective covering should do, and nothing that it should not. The third essential is the avoidance of injury of any sort to the cells of the cion between the time it is cut and the paraffining of the fin- ished graft. The delicate cambium tissue must be pro- tected from bruising and from the drying effect of sunlight Le = OL. ENE Le DR. MORRIS AT HIS WIZARDRY As skilful with plants as with humans, Dr. Robert T. Morris is here shown working over an evergreen Alder-leaved Chestnut brought by him last year from Georgia 125 and wind—and also from the infection that is almost inevitable if the cions are merely wrapped in moist paper, cloth or moss. This is especially true of cions cut from growing wood for im- mediate grafting—as in the case of the Pear already mentioned —for which reason this type of grafting has been almost un- known in practical horticulture. To solve this problem Doctor Morris uses saline solution— identical in purpose and effect to that in which, in surgery, fragments of living animal tissue are kept alive and in condition for grafting for hours and even days. By placing the cions in this solution as soon as they are cut it is possible to hold them over in perfect condition for several days, to shape them ex- actly and carefully in the evening in the study—instead of out in the field—and to keep them in readiness for the actual grafting operation whenever the worker finds it convenient. This saline solution treatment together with the final paraffining is, without doubt, responsible for Doctor Morris’ success with summer, growing-wood grafts and with cions a foot or more in length. The solution now in use as devised for Doctor Morris by Pro- fessor Knudson of Cornell so as to be in correct relationship (or as physiologists say, isotonic) to the cell sap, is made up of Water 1 liter Calcium chlorid (Ca Cl) 2.25 gram Sodium chlorid (Na Cl) 1.25 gram Potassium chlorid (KCL) 1.50 gram More orthodox precautions that contribute to the success of grafting operations and which Doctor Morris commends to others desiring to employ his methods, include: the choice of closely related species or varieties; the bringing of the cambium layers of stock and cion into accurate contact; the maintenance of this close contact during the period of union; the bracing of the cion as soon as it begins to grow to prevent its being torn out by the wind; and the careful control of growth from the stock while unions is taking place and after the cion has begun to grow. In this latter connection it is advised that no natural shoot be allowed to start from the stock until the cion has “caught” and is growing vigorously; that after the cion shoot is several inches long a few shoots be allowed to grow (the first year) from the stock in a top-worked tree; but that no such shoots be permitted to grow after the first year in a grafted sapling, or the third year in a top-worked tree. Heretofore good-sized trees be- ing worked over were com- pletely dehorned; but, finding that cions on such stocks tend to make excessive growth that is especially susceptible to in- jury, Doctor Morris is now in- clined to leave at least one leader on such a tree for a year or two, inserting all grafts below it. In the matter of maintaining a close joint between cion and stock in the case of the “bark- slot” method devised for work- ing on large limbs or trunks (and which is practically an im- proved form of what is known in Europe as ‘crown grafting’) Doctor Morris has again appro- priated a surgical device in the form of a “Spanish windlass” such as is used to check hemor- rhages. This he describes as: a Little Bldg. 407 Ulmer Bldg. Atlanta Trust Co. Bldg. Harbor Commission Bldg. ( Ng . uN EASTERN FACTORY WESTERN FACTORY CANADIAN FACTORY f Ve } NS Ne) Irvington, N. Y. Des Plaines, Ill. St. Catharines, Ontario Woy | \ (SZ A 136 GENUINE ‘PHILADELPHIA LAWN MOWERS Highest Grade Lawn Mowers Made Known All Over the World Most Up-to-date and Most Complete Line on the Market Guaranteed Against all Defects - MADE FOR Durability Service and Satisfaction A MOWER FOR EVERY PURPOSE 18 Styles Hand Mowers 4 Styles Horse Mowers 3 Styles Motor Mowers Style “GRAHAM”? all steel Style ‘‘A’”’ all steel Practically Indestructible. Only all steel mowers made Original people in the lawn mower business Established in 1869 OVER FIFTY-THREE YEARS DOING ONE THING WELL If your dealer cannot supply you, write us direct CATALOGUE AND PRICES z ON REQUEST 80” Walking type 30” Riding type 40” Riding type €émbination ROLLER and LAWN MOWER The Philadelphia Lawn 31st and Chestnut Streets Mower Company Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A. We EMG and erect FENCE for Lawns, Division Lines, Orchards { fe a bia RN RTE ERE = y Gardens, Farms, Tennis Court Inclosures, Poultry and Dog Runs. Entrance Gates Rose Arches Catalogue and Prices on Request BROOK IRON WORKS, INC, ept. G 37 BARCLAY STREET NEW YORK CITY The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 Groce: of Donald 5. Tuttle, Naugatuck, Connecticut, Planned and planted by our Landscape Department, Landscape effects like this do ea . list happen”; they must be carefull y plang nfe eng oe vA ee, Start this pain wit Nebel nité plan ih a group of evergreens the a there & A ety y beech 6 elm £6 iiitercept t e aftern66H still. Consider a Box-barberry hed hedge for the formal g Eden; shtibs for foundation massing a for border plantings; Hard y Ibolium Privet for hedges. Be sure to have climbing toses for trellises and walls; roses and perennials for the gard arden; and don’t forget the small fruits for the kitchen garde gee TSH Saas THE ELM CITY NURSERY CO: WOODMONT NURSERIES; IN Box 191, New Haven, Connécticut The Pioneer Landscape Nurseries of New England The Glen Road Tris Gardens SPECIALIZE IN RARE AND FINE VARIETIES OF BEARDED IRISES Send for List Grace Sturtevant, Prop. Wellesley Farms, Massachusetts RHODODENDRONS Amirican sorts are hardiest. Develop ifité fine Specimens Bee Ce a four ee sence of [sou : Bread: jeaved Barer Be) Agaleas 68, 6 Our Specialty: £ GH FEqUBSE: _HARBY “EVERGREEN GARDENS, Roitté i, id Pari, N: é 2 TIM WOLCOTT NURSERIES Designers & Builders Alpine Gardens, Herbaceous Borders, Landscapes ELINFON ROAD, JACKSON, MICHIGAN Sl AT 8:8 SANT | INSECTICIDE a FoR LAWN & GARDEN “F & I” is a product with a tobacco base. A fertilizer and an insecticide combined. “F & I” contains no weed seeds, insect pests, and has no objectionable odor. Feeds your plants and kills or drives away many insects from your lawn and garden. Price: 100 Ibs., $3.00; 2000 Ibs., $50.00 Special booklet sent om request LANCASTER TOBACCO PRODUCTS CO. Dept. G Lancaster, Pa. IL a The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 : 137 THE DREER DOZEN Hardy Everblooming Hybrid-Tea Roses IS collection of well tried standard varieties is known to every Rose fancier as a most sat- isfactory selection of varieties, either for garden decoration or to supply an abundance of extra choice flowers to cut throughout the summer and fall months. All are extra strong, two-year-old plants, prepared to give immediate results. Caroline Testout—This is the Rose that has given Portland, Oregon, the name “The Rose City.’’ It will be found equally valuable in any garden. A large, full globular flower of a bright satiny-rose, very free and fragrant. Duchess of Wellington—Intense saffron-yellow, Stained with deep crimson, fairly full flowers and particularly beautiful in bud form. Delightfully fragrant. Hoosier Beauty —Beautiful, well-shaped long buds and large, full flowers of an intense, rich, daz- zling crimson-scarlet. Very sweet scented. eer J. L. Mock—Very free on long stiff stems. Large size and of perfect form. Deep im- mera pink, the outside of the petals silvery rose- white. Kaiserin Augusta Victoria—Splendidly formed flowers and buds on long stems. Soft pearly-white with just enough lemon in the center to relieve the white. Very fragrant. Killarney Brilliant —An improvement on Kil- larney, being larger and more double, also more intense in color, which is a rich glowing shade of rosy-carmine; fragrant. Lady Alice Stanley —A gem and greatly admired by everyone. Perfect in form, color, size, freedom of bloom and fragrance. Color a beautiful shade of pOrAT TOs, center shading to flesh-pink with deeper ushes. Lady Ursula—0oOf vigorous erect growth, a re- markably healthy grower under all conditions. Flowers large and of good form, with high center produced on every shoot. Color a distinct shade of flesh-pink; tea scented. Los Angeles —This is by all odds one of the finest Roses ever introduced. The growth is very vigorous and it produces a continuous succession of long-stemmed flowers, of a luminous flame-pink, toned with coral and shaded with translucent gold at the base of the petals. In richness of fragrance it equals in intensity the finest Marechal Neil. The buds are long and pointed and expand into a flower of mammoth proportions, while the beauty of form and ever-increasing wealth of color is maintained from the incipient bud until the last petal drops. $1.50 each. Mme. Edouard Herriot—“The DailyMail Rose.” Winner of the Gold Cup offered by the London Daily Mail for the best new Rose exhibited at the International Exhibition, London, May, 1912. A most distinct and novel Rose. The buds are coral- red, shaded with yellow at base. The medium sized open flowers are semi-double and of a superb coral-red, shaded with yellow and bright rosy- Scarlet, passing to shrimp-red. Radiance —An ideal American bedding variety. A clean, healthy grower, producing its flowers freely even under the most adverse weather conditions. In color, a brilliant carmine-pink and of good form. Truly a Rose for every garden. Red Radiance—A counterpart of Radiance, ex- . cept in color, which is a clear cerise-red. Price: Any of the above except where noted, in strong, two-year-old plants, $1.00 each; $12.00 per dozen; $90.00 per 100, 25 or more supplied at 100 rate. We will supply one of each of the Dreer Dozen Roses as named above for $12.00. Dreer’s Garden Book for 1922 contains beautiful colored plates of new Roses and_ offers many new and standard varieties. Among them the greatest achievement of Pernet-Ducher’s, the New Yellow Rose, Souvernir De Claudius Pernet. It also offers Plants of all kinds, including Cannas, Dahlias, Hardy Peren- nials, Water Lilies, etc.; Flower and Vegetable Seeds; Lawn Grass and Agricultural Seeds; Garden Requi- Sites of all kinds, ete. Illustrated with eight color plates and hundreds of photo-engravings, this book inakes an interesting volume which should be in the hands of everyone interested in gardening. A copy will be sent free if you mention this publication. WRITE TO-DAY. HENRY A. DREER, 714-716 Chestnut St., Phila., Pa. Hybrid-Tea Rose, Los Angeles Childs’. Gladioli N abundant crop of beautiful ‘‘Primulinus Hybrids”? makes it possible for us to put within the reach of every GLADIOLUS lover with a garden, enough bulbs to satisfy that desire to have all ‘the flowers for once that you would like to have for cutting. Flowering Shrubs and Plants for Spring Beauty Yet their beauty is not limited to the period of bloom, for a collection of rare specimens is attractive and interesting even after the flowers have faded. Philadelphus Norma Banniere, Romeo, and other large- flowering varieties, with the dwarf Gerbe d’Neige and Boule d’Argent. These Hybrids are very popular and deservedly so, for they are graceful, easy to grow, moderate in price, artistic in colors, which range from sulphur-yellow to chrome-yellow, all shades of orange, with now and then a cream and pink among them, but Nasturtium colors predominate. They are the last word in Gladioli for dainty decorations. i SPECIAL OFFER— Primulinus Hybrids The bulbs are not large but every one is blooming size and while they last we offer them as follows: 60 cts. per dozen, $3.50 per 100, 500 for $15.00. Postpaid in 1st 5 zones JOHN LEWIS CHILDS, INC. Flowerfield, - - Long Island, New York Cotoneaster Franchetii New, rose-colored flowers and brilliant orange fruits. Other desirable varieties are here also. Deutzia crenata magnifica One of the finest white-flowering shrubs in existence. Also dwarf varieties for foundation planting. Magnolias A meritorious list in varying sizes from 3 to 5 feet. An exceptionally choice collection of Flowering shrubs, Evergreens, Boxwoods, Perennials, including the famous Wyomissing Peonies and Irises are accurately described in Farr’s Hardy Plant Specialties (7th edition) sent for $1 a real handbook and gardener’s companion, too expensive to be distributed promiscuously> but will be sent on receipt of $1, which may be deducted from the first order amounting to $10 for plants, trees or shrubs. BERTRAND H. FARR Wyomissing Nurseries Company 104 Garfield Ave. © Wyomissing, Pa. 138 The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 aiIDViViit itt HNN Do You Love Roses? “Of course!” you will exclaim, wondering why we should doubt that anybody loves Roses. Yet, do you love Roses well enough to want to know all about them, to want to know their history, their devel- opment, their cultivation, to want to know what each season brings in the way of novelties, in short, do you love Roses well enough to want to “chum” with them every month in the year? Tf so, you ought to join The American Rose Society This organization consists of the foremost horticulturists and rose fanciers of America and is making a bid for more members. Every reader of Garden Magazine is in- vited to join the American Rose Society at the most ad- vantageous terms. The $3.00 membership will cost you but $1.00 this year, since each new member will receive a certificate entitling him to $2.00 worth of Roses, plants to be secured from any of the leading nurserymen in the Association. Join now, start now, by writing to “Ghe American ‘Rose Society JOHN C. WISTER, Secretary 606 Finance Bldg., Desk G., Philadelphia, Pa. who will gladly supply additional information. Cultwating Have a Planet Jr. Garden LANET JR. No. 17 Wheel Hoe does most of the necessary garden work, from planting time to frost. You'll be delighted at how smoothly it runs, how effectively it weeds—and how much ordinarily tiresome work you can do without a sign of fatigue. Planet Jr. makes gardening a fascinating game. And it does so improve the appearance of the garden, the quality and quantity of your vegetables. Planet Jr . @ HANAN WH hY y Mga = “THE HOME RESTFUL” T MAY be only a modest place, yet radiate a warmth of repose in comparison with which even the most elaborate establish- ment seems cold, austere, uninviting. And all because its sur- rounding Shrubs and Trees have been properly selected! For the most satisfactory fulfillment of home-beautifying plans, write AT ONCE for our handsome book—“Beautiful Home Surroundings. ” Sent FREE of charge anywhere east of|the Mississippi River and north of the Potomac. Elsewhere, upon receipt of One Dollar. MAN'S [raminghar Nurseries FRAMINGHAM, MASSACHUSETTS FH Other popular Planet Ie seeder and wheel hoe models are shown in the Planet Jr. cata~ logue. Write for a copy. S. L. ALLEN & CO., INC. , Dept. 32 5th & Glenwood Ave. Phila., Pa SS! sS SZ ==. LE BSS MeSSeea—K The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 Rollicking, frollicking over the rocks, and tumbling into the crevices, just to emerge again at the other end, such are the happy Sempervivums, the form of Globiferum or Hens and Chickens being shown above. This is just one of a vast number of Rockery Plants for All Soils and Situations Among those that prefer dry, sunny soils the various types of Sedum and Sempervivum lead. If your rock garden spot is shady, you will be interested in Santolinas or Lavender Cotton, Bird’s Foot Violets, various Primroses and Forget-me-nots. The lastly named also thrive particulary well in moist spots. In Miss * Tambledown’ | pry It Says Scat To All Your Planting Botherments This soil of ours is wonder- ful for making fine fibrous roots on our shrubs, ever- greens and trees. Makes transplanting easy, and quick growth certain. That’s exactly what our new Ten-Ten Book does for you. It smoothes out your botherments about what to plant, and where. Yes, and when as well. It gives you ten best things for shady places. Ten best for dry spots Ten best for wet Ten best for rock gardens Ten best roses Ten best shrubs or evergreens, for foun- dation planting Ten best vines Evergreens galore we have. Little chaps that naturally stay dwarfish, and big chaps that keep on getting bigger. All have thoroughly burlap- ped roots, when shipped. Ten best Iris Ten best perennials or hardy plants, for ten different places, and a lot of other tens besides. Send at once for this new Spring Ten- Ten Book, that makes selecting all so simple and altogether pleasurable. Never had we choicer stock. We will pack your order with more than ordinary care, and do our level best in making prompt shipments. Like one of the big greenhouse concerns says, “We believe in pleasant dealing.” Ajulius Reehrs Co ' At The Sién of The Tree short, no matter whether your soil is good or poor, moist or dry, shady or sunny, we have the plants that will help you to Better Hardy Borders To introduce Palisades Popular Perennials, we will on a : ae fourteen hardy favorites for Box 10, utherford N.J. 2 Plants Sempervivum globiferum, as illustrated i} 8 eat a ————— above. 3 plants Santolina incana, the silvery ; i oe Sc aa RAD ey foliaged Lavender Cotton. 3 plants Bird’s Foot 2 Violets. 3 plants Primula veris, English Cow- slip. 3 plants Sedum stoloniferum, Crimson Stone Crop. Any of above 20c each, $2.00 per dozen. The entire collection of 15 pot-grown plants for $2.00 postpaid. A Helpful Catalogue Describing the best available in hardy plantland, in a quality procurable only from specialists is yours to command. Our great specialty is pot-grown perennials, plants that will enable you to start a garden any time anywhere. Please write for Catalogue to-day, mentioning G.M. 8 PALISADES NURSERIES, Inc. Sparkill New York For foundation planting, we have a goodly lot of the most desirable things in shrubs, evergreens, dwarf Jap maples, hardy plants, not to mention the rhododendrons, laurel, and the bedding evergreen, known as Pachysandra, i asad ll Le [rd Se William Doogue—$1.50 A Good Tub Water-Lily Large cup-shaped flowers, bright pink, with a pleasing fragrance. A garden in itself; all you need besides the plant is a water-tight half-barrel or tub with a little soil and water. Send For Our Catalogue Learn more about the fascinations of Lily culture. Besides 4 catalogue of varieties, the book contains cultural directions and many illustrations. You'll be interested if you like flowers; send to-day. INDEPENDENCE NURSERIES Box M Independence, Ohio Li =r — we t= {Tt} SPECIAL OFFER $1.00 °"ciapiont $2.00 For One Dollar we will send prepaid — Ten Gladioli, in Ten Different Sorts, or Twenty Mixed Gladioli selected. For Two Dollars, we will send prepaid—Twenty- five Gladioli in Ten Varieties, or Fifty Selected Mixed. Guaranteed to please. Write for complete list of annual seeds, bulbs, and peren- nial plants. Separate list of over 300 varieties. Perennial seeds. RALPH E. HUNTINGTON Painesville Ohio S* DAHLIADEL | of QUALITY NURSERIES ana DISTINCTION Special collections finer than ever this year. Coll. A. 8 roots, $1. Value $2.10. Other collections of exceptional value up to $7.50, containing the newer varieties. Send for illustrated catalogue. DAHLIADEL NURSERIES VINELAND, N. J. 140 i Wage So :. on The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 Beautiful, Vivid Trees and Shrubs All Barr plantings are grown in the ideal soil of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. They are bred and trained for color, poise, shape- liness and hardiness. Each plant and tree that leaves the Nurseries is a thing alive with vitality, color and beauty. Do not fail to consult B. F. Barr & Company when planning your 1922 Spring plantings. Their Landscape Architectural Division will be glad to help you in your selections and suggest the arrangement best suited to your home grounds. Write now for illustrated catalogue. B. F. BARR & COMPANY Keystone Nurseries 116 Barr Building Lancaster, Pa. Lovely Water Lilies Are Gems of Bewitching Beauty Even in the Small Garden A lily pool is always the center of garden interest—and a garden without Water Lilies is sadly incomplete. Fortunately, one may have a water garden at little ex- pense, for if a pool is not to be had, one may use tubs or half-barrels. The tubers, too, are inexpensive—indeed when the blooms open in their loveliness you will be richly rewarded for your investment. It plows, harrows, Ee cultivates, runs sta- } S tionary machinery, WY etc., write for facts. Beeman Tractor Co. Minneapolis, Minn- 3802 5th St. N. E.. Superbly Colored Water Lilies Easily Grown by Everyone Almost everyone knows the common Water Lily of | Water Lilies are no more difficult to grow than ponds and streams, with its waxy white petals and _ asters and sweet peas, but are far more lovely and charming fragrance. But in your water gardenyou attractive. Few plants demand so little care, and may have almost a rainbow of color—crimson, yel- _ certainly none give such rich rewards of beauty. low, royal purple, rose-pink, orange-red, lavender, You can learn about Water Lilies and how to grow blue—to contrast with the improved white varieties. them if you will send for my 1922 catalogue. Tricker’s Book of Water Lilies and Water Plants features the most desirable hardy and tender varieties for pools, tubs and large ponds. Several! lilies are pictured in natural colors and others are shown by photographic reproduction. If you are interested in water gardening, I will gladly send you a copy on request. William Tricker, 661 Forest St., Arlington, N. J. Largest Grower of Water Lilies In America Now Available in English! Sorauer Manual of Plant Diseases ” Vol. I; Non-parasitic diseases The great authority for scientists, practical agri- culturists, and horticulturists. Translated by Frances Dorrance. io parts and index; pages Xvi, 908; 208 illustrations in text. Price, $8.50, postage extra. Order directly from Frances Dorrance _ Dorranceton, via Kingston, Pa. DAHLIAS 12 all different, Jabeled, my personal selection several classes and colors, $2, $5 or $10 the doz.—retail yalue about double. 6 varieties, various classes, or, 5 kinds either Cactus, Decorative, Pompon, Peony, Show or Single, $1. Mixed, un- labeled, 12 for $1. Hybrid Dahlia Seed $1 pkt. Any six $1 offers $5. All prepaid. €Mictionary of the Dahlia’’ FREE upon request ALT F. CLARK “the Dahliast” Netcong, N. J. Grower, distributor and exhibitor of the dahlias originated by Mrs. Chas. H. Stout An eubepearden library “THE COMPLETE G ARDEN’” by Mbee Me Taylor, q Price $6.00 at all bookstores or from the publishers—Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. The “Diamond E” Porcupine Cultivator 4 A steel covered roller, studded with four rows of steel spikes which verti- cally enter the soil, pulverize it finely to a depth of two inches. It absolutely destroys the constantly sprouting weed seeds, besides uprooting seedlings, thus making all fertility available for the cultivated crops. For putting the seed bed in ideal condition, to crush lumps and clogs that are inevitable after soil is spaded, the ‘“Diamond E” is one of the most valuable tools ever offered. Excellent for working around Shrubbery, Flower beds, etc., and loosening up bare spots in the lawn, working in a top dressing of fertilizer and seed. Descriptive Circular on Request When to Spray How to Spray Spraying is simple and easy—when you know how. Two Cornell University specialists have packed a world of spray wisdom into the pages of our Spray Calendar. We'll send you a copy free on request, also catalogue describing some 40 styles and sizes of Auto-Spray. Nearly 750,000 satisfied: users. Ask your dealer to show you the Auto-Spray line. Write us for catalogue. THE E. C. BROWN CO. 850 Maple Street, Rochester, N. Y. The ‘‘Diamond E”’ Por- ecupine Cultivator is handled by the better class of seedsmen and Hardware Dealers, but if you cannot obtain one at your local store, send us his name and address and we will send youa circular and see that you are supplied. The Everhard Manufacturing Company, Canton, Ohio Auto-Spray No. 6 Double-acting The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 144 ROK SEELESCCLSEECECLCEEGSOLAEOECECLVESS ittle Tree THESE SIX DELIGHTFUL EVERGREENS — $10.00 A sprightly, joyous cluster of ever green beauty! Just the right varieties to plant at your doorstep, under a bay window, or as a group on your lawn. Each a specimen plant, selected for vigor of growth, symmetry of contour, and beauty in combination. A wonderful value for ten dollars. _ This is the big friend-making offer of Little Tree Farms, to acquaint you with the excep- tional value of its product, priced so low as to be within the reach of everyone. It consists of the following splendid varieties: You will want the new Year Book of Little Treé Farms, 2 72 page book decorated with full color cover and in- side pages, and illustra- ted by many fine photo- gfaphs, Full of helpful information for all sites and soils. Shall we send you a copy? One Blue Spruce One Arborvitae One Prostrate Juniper They range from 13 ft. to 4 ft. high, thrice transplanted, their roots in a ball of native loam, burlap tied. The whole shipment, carefully crated and delivered free to the Express office at Framingham, Mass. One Erect Juniper One White Spruce One Red Pine Please enclose remittance with order. AMERICAN FORESTRY COMPANY—Owners—419 Boylston Street, Boston EAA ETT icc For over a quarter century, the product of Cedar Acres has enjoyed the reputation of being the best obtainable in flowering bulbs. We do not claim that we have all the best, but we feel that our collection is as comprehensive and contains as many worth while things as those of any other specialist. Some of the New Varieties Youll Value Here are a few of the choicer among recent introductions. WHITE WONDER, Pure White $15.00 per dozen PINK WONDER, (Kemp). Pure Pink $15.00 per dozen CRIMSON GLOW, (Betscher). Deep Scarlet $5.00 per dozen DAYBREAK, (Tracy). Salmon Pink $3.00 per dozen DAWN, (Tracy). Coral Pink $2.00 per dozen 1 each dozen rate divided by 10 In addition we call your attention to our special strain of New Orchid-Flower- ing Primulinus Hybrids, representing the result of thirty years of hybridizing on the part of the founder of this business. We shall send 25 special Primulinus Hybrids for'$1.25 postpaid, 100 for $5.00; express prepaid. Write for catalogue of Cedar Acres Gladioli and Dahlias. You will find it a modest but straight- forward and interesting booklet. B. HAMMOND TRACY, Inc., Box 32, Wenham, Mass. E| TALENT EAT 000 STL MAMAN TTT LN St i nL OU can revel in your own glorious roses from June till frost if you order Conard Star Roses now. Large, fra- grant, exquisite blooms—aristocrats of the flower world—to glorify your garden—to enrich your home. Every Conard Star Rose is of so high an innate quality that we can safely guarantee it to bloom or your money back. Clear, concise cultural directions included with every shipment, assure your success. Right now is the time to be planning your rose garden. Our beautifully illustrated catalogue of nearly 200 kinds will help you. Send fer it. It’s free. Conarp * ROSES & JONES CO., Box 24, West Grove, Pa. Robert Pyle, Pres. A. Wintzer,.Vice-Pres. Rose Specialists—Backed by over 50 years’ experience This celluloid Star tag labels your growing Tose and is the sign of our guarantee—two exclusive Conard & Jones features. 142 The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 N a well-screened house there is more health than in many a doctor’s visit. Protect your home and the health of your treasures against germ-carrying insects night and day. Keep them out with PEARL WIRE CLOTH. PEARL WIRE CLOTH is a health as well as a comfort necessity. Due to its metallic coating it is cleanest, most beautiful, and most economical—for it is longer lasting. Buy only the Genuine, which has two Copper wires in the selvage and our red tag on every roll. We have a dealer in your town, ~ See him or write us if you are interested in permanently screening doors, windows or porches. Samples or literature free. Address Department ‘‘G’’ The Gilbert & Bennett Mfg. Co. New York Georgetown, Conn. Chicago Kansas City PEARL is made in two weights—regular and extra heavy The best hardware dealer in your city sells ‘‘PEARL”’ a Puget Sound Iris Excel=| WE HAVE THE CLIMATE! WE HAVE THE SOIL! I SPECIALIZE IN IRIS! My new comprehensive 40 page catalogue de- scribes in detail upwards of 200 distinct species and yarieties, including the best of the famous Foster, Bliss, Hort and Yeld Ivises, with a valuable treatise on “Iris for the Garden’’ by A. J. Bliss, extensive articles dealing with Iris culture, selecting, grouping and color classifica- tion, etc. Are these yarieties familiar to you? Dominion; Angelo;; Ann Page; Ambassadeur; ‘Asia; Lady Foster; Lord of June; Lent A. Williamson; Magnifica; Mile. Schwartz; Gaudi- chau; Hoogiana; Korolkowi; Susi- ana. I grow them all; they mean the finest and best in Iris. I also grow a host of the cheaper, old garden favorites. If interested in Iris ask for a copy. I will sell Tris roots during MARCH and APRIL (not later) O. M. PUDOR A Lover of Tris PUYALLUP, WASH. (In the famous Valley of the Mountain) California Dahlias Our 1922 Illustrated Catalogue of Information The Choicest Exhibition Varieties Advance Dahlia Gardens Box E, Compton, California Southern Grown DAHLIAS Resist Heat Better “We grow quite a large number of the best Dahlias in all classes under conditions that give them a peculiar drouth resistance. May we mail you a copy of our complete price list describing our stocks? Among the New and Rare Varieties you will find such Gems as Azalea, Edith Wooster, Grizzley and several superb California Creations that have won their place. “You will also be pleasantly surprised by our modest prices. HICKORY HILL DAHLIA FARM J.S. Bosher, The Scuth’s foremost Dahlia Specialist Richmond Box 227A Virginia James. Boyd . John C. Wister MOVILLA GARDENS RARE AND CHOICE Peonies and Irises Haverford Penn. “RE-MOVE-ABLE” STEEL CLOTHES POSTS Flag Poles and Tennis Posts No holes to dig. Will not disfigure the lawn. Set it yourself in steel socket driven in ground. Posts of rust proof galvanized steel tubing, painted and filled with concrete. Instantly removed. Cannot decay, last a lifetime. Better and cheaper than wood. Ask your dealer or write us for folder G. NEWARK STEEL POST CO. West Orange, N. J: La Bars , Collectors and Growers RHODODENDRON NURSERY Native Azalea, Mountain Laurel and Rhododendron Request opportunity to send catalogue STROUDSBURG, PA. Grow Flowers for Profit as well as for Health and Pleasure Plant one of our Show Gardens. Follow our Easy-Money- Making Show Garden Plan. Enjoy the most wonderful garden display and reap 100% profit on your investment. Our Show Garden Plan tells you how. ee Our Aster Show Garden No. 1 consists of 20 varieties of the very finest Exhibition Asters in all the world; Requires a space 10 by 20 ft. to plant; will produce at least 100 doz. Mammoth long stemmed cut flowers. Price of the Garden and Plan complete, Aster Show Garden No. 2 figures more than double No. | in every particular. Price of No. 2 Garden and Plan complete, $ i0.00 Ask about our Dahlia, Gladioliand twenty other attractive Show Gardens. All Sold on A Money-Back-Guarantee. -NATIONAL SHOW GARDENS 1 Lovers Lane Spencer, Indiana, U. S. A. The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 143 Sion uO TCT m« ikki eK cccccccecccR D _II{Eot0Q. OOOOH WE GROW NURSERY STCCK TO SUIT EVERY REQUIREMENT We have a complete stock of Evergreen and Deciduous Trees and Shrubs as well as Roses, Vines, and Perennials. A small section of our Evergreens is shown above. dodendrons and other hardy, broad-leaf Evergreens. A copy of our “Hand-book of General Information on Trees and Hardy Plants’ will be gladly mailed upon request. THE BAY STATE NURSERIES NORTH ABINGTON, MASSACHUSETTS W. H. Wyman & Son, Proprietors We specialize in Rho- NEETU gett a TTTCc_EO__,£,ccccKccKciaciiciicnccistia April is Bulb Month Plant Lilies for Glorious Bloom MMMM OM MMMM UU UU MUU UU = “The Gladiolus Beautiful’’ The Ideal Flower for Your Summer Garden PRICES REDUCED Send for free copy of our new booklet giving directions for culture and a list of fifty best varieties with accurate descriptions. All poor varieties culled out and many tested novelties and choice Primulinus Hybrids added. A customer in Oregon writes: “The stock bought of you gave good satisfaction. Many of the flow- No garden so small, no garden so vast, but LILIES are indispensable. Their tail upright beauty is unlike any other flower. We give herewith a list of LILIES selected for their appeal to all Wlower lovers, and especially for their GREAT Ie UARNDOESIS EASE OF PROPAGATION AND CULTUR Lilium Auratum. The Hastie banded Lily’’ which grows 4 to’5 feet in height. Extraordinarily beautiful flowers of an astounding size, often a foot in di- ameter; marked by the distinctive gold band extend- ing through each petal. Doz. $5.50. 100, $40.00. Lilium Regale. (Myriophyllum) A new and glorious lily. Grows 3 to 5 feet high. Blooms in July— PMU AN MNO LN MUN MU MUL SNE sess ers were in our display at the State Fair and were much admired.” And another says: ‘Our Gladioli were very love- ly and we appreciate the nice selection and excel- lent quality.” Four Grand Novelties Mrs. F. C. Peters, a new and delightful shade of rose violet with a crimson blotch. Each $1.00; dozen $10.00. Purple Glory, a uted giant, rich deep coloring. Each $1.50, dozen $15.00 Marshal Foch, finest salmon pink, immense blooms. Each 35c, dows $3.50. Mrs. G. W. Moulton, a lovely shade of lilac-purple, tall, fine, Each 25c, dozen $2.50. One extra large bulb of each ........ $2.75 Two extra large bulbs of each........ 5.00 Prize Dollar Collection One bulb each of Panama, Giant White, Schwaben, Crimson Glow, Blue Jay, five grand varieties, all prize winners, $1.00. Amateur Collection 50 bulbs, ten pare varieties, assorted colors, sent postpaid for only $1.5 Brcoiand Gardens S.E. Spencer, Prop. Lexington Street, Woburn, Mass. the large trumpet shaped flowers are pearly white suffused with pink and with a delicate fragrance— nothing is more interesting than to watch the opening of the bud. Doz. $10.50. Lilium Album Kraetzeri. Pure large white flowers recurved, with band of pale green through the center of each petal. Doz. $5.50. 100, $40.00. Lilium Krameri. 20 in. A rarely graceful and charming lily. Fragrant short trumpets, shell pink with golden anthers. Doz. $6.00. Lilium Henryii. A remarkably showy lily with its glowing orange-yellow flowers, 20 to 40 to the stem. Can be left undisturbed for years. Doz. $5.00. Monster Size. Doz. $7.50. Lilium Melpomene. Dark ruby crimson heavily spotted and margined white. Doz. $6.00. Lilium Magnificum. Large flowers, rich, ruby car- mine. Doz. $5.50. 100, $40.00. Note—OUR PRICE INCLUDES DELIVERY 6 at the dozen price. (West of the Mississippi add 10%) SEASONABLE GARDEN REQUISITES (Not Prepaid) JAPANESH BAMBOO STAKES. Do not decay. For staking lilies, gladioli, ete., 50 100 250 6 ft. long NATURAL $1.25. $2.00. $4.25. GREEN INVISIBLE 3 ft. pencil thick $1.00. $1.50. $3.25. 34% ft. pencil thick $1.00. $1.75. $4.25. aie $1 oun and pliable, unsurpassed for tying plants, lb. 30c, S. oO TROWEED A “Little Wonder” garden tool. transplanter, each 60 cts. Send for our 1922 BOOK—Full of GARDEN LORE. H. H. BERGER & CO., ~—_ 70 Warren St., New York Established 45 Years A trowel weeder and 144 The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 ___.__| Rain WHEN YouWANTIT|] oo OO EEEoOoEEEL_, ccc ACME JR. Power Oe tole ea He The American doughboys are marveling at this French gar- dener. He gets the results—but just see how he does it! Is a big factor in reducing gardening cost. Compact, easily handled and as ALL MOVING PARTS ARE DUST PROOF and RUN IN OIL it brings satisfaction, unusual value and economy. It makes work pleasure, and makes pleasure pay dollars. It has extra wide wheels for loose:or hammock soils. If it pays the Frenchman to water by hand; it will pay you infinitely more to water with the Skinner System. So simple, a child can operate it. A gentle rain at your will. Great. labor saver—greater crop producer. Intensely practical for the great estate and the small home garden. We build them to fit. Easy to put in. Write to-day for description, etc. The Acme Cultivator Co. Salem, Ohio OTUs Schulz’s Gladioli SIX WONDERS Doz. Mrs. Francis King—Striking shade of scarlet $ .75 $5.00 Mrs. Frank Pendleton—Large salmon-pink flowers with blotch of brilliant red in throat - 1.00 7.50 Peace—Immense pure white flowers with a touch of carmine on the lower petals. An exceed- ingly refined variety.- - - - - = - - = TOO 7750) Schwaben—Vigorous grower with tall erect spikes. Color clear canary yellow with blotch of deep garnet in the throat. - - - - - - 1.00 68.00 Bertrex—Stands at the top of all whites. Flowers resemble America in shape. A fine variety that deserves to be betterknown. - - - - I.50 10.00 Gretchen Zang—Large flowers on long spikes. Color a melting shade of pink, blending to deep salmon on lower petals. One of the finest of all Gladioli - - - - - - - = - 1.00 8.00 Collection—1 doz. of each of these varieties, 60 bulbs, $5.00 postpaid. SEND FOR 1922 CATALOGUE With full descriptions and prices of our Dahlias, Trees, Shrubs, Perennials. We maintain a skilled Landscape Department. Write for information. Everything for Your Garden at Reasonable Prices. Jacob Schulz Co., Inc. 550 S. Fourth Ave., Louisville, Ky. See ads. in February and March Garden Magazines. GRAPE VINES 7 All the standard varieties for vineyards and home gardens. Prices right. Send to-day for a copy of our Grape Catalogue FREE. T. S. HUBBARD CO., Box 18, Fredonia, N. Y. Write for catalogue of unusual interest. If you care to, men- tion size of garden. By the way, we water flower and vege- table gardens, lawns, golf courses, polo fields and greenhouses. oe DYSTEM OF IRRIGATION The Skinner Irrigation Co, 219 Water St., Troy, Ohio may have the best Your Garden Pitt thers BERRY PLANTS, GRAPE VINES, SHADE TREES, 4 3 SHRUBS, ROSES, VINES and PERENNIALS from Our Spring List of our nursery. “‘“Grown in Vermont, it’s hardy”’ Dahlias GEO. D. AIKEN Putney, Vt. Gladioli ae Lilies im BEE Ee ——— ee Iris, and 2 Ge es GAZING GLOBES Hardy Perennials ‘ ae D O | EE aes FLOWER is now ready. Send for it, ee POTS and we will send later our BOXES, ETC. Fall Catalogue of Choice Dutch Bulbs e <= Pp ALOWAY LOTTERY Gives the Essential Touch In the Garden a Bird Bath is a delightful spot of in- terest; a Sun Dial lends quaint charm. FR ANKEN B Many attractive designs are executed in our light ROS. stony gray, high fired, frost proof TERRA COTTA. Red, buff and other colors will be made. Box 152 Deerfield, Ill. Our catalogue illustrating 300 numbers will be sent upon receipt of 20c in stamps. 12 Gladiolus Bulbs for 70c. Postpaid Buy the Newer Types Direct from the Grower 12 bulbs in 12 different colors: Blue, orange, salmon, purple, carmine, pure white, yellow, rose, pink, lilac, Also our special list of Novel- ties of the latest introduction. crimson, maroon. One of each for 70c. Postpaid. 2 orders for $1.20; 3 orders for $1.55; 10 bulbs of each color, 120 bulbs for only $4.00 postpaid. Full planting instructions with each parcel P. VOS & SON, Gladiolus Growers Galloway Terra Cotta Co. 3214 Walnut St. Dept. G Grand Rapids, Mich. Established 1810 Philadelphia The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 145 SPS is Mw oS z TTT SST MTT A Short Cut To Its Possession “Owning your own Greenhouse,” is the name of a delightfully informative and abundantly illustrated booklet, that both shows and tells you exactly what you want to know about owning your own greenhouse. Fully tells what it will do for you; what you do to have it, and how we make its possessing entirely free from the usual building botherments. Send for the booklet. Home Offices and Factory: Elizabeth, N. J. New York, 101 Park Avenue Boston-9, 294 Washington Street Philadelphia, 133 South 12th Street SeUUQVQCOTULOQUQUOUUUEROUEOOREDOAUEUUEDOGOEGODUI EAD EEEUL OTT <> > TTT TTT 4 4 ?, ; ; Ne YSITIONS Complete EN ‘USES G23 Including Delivery East of Denver Beautify Your Hedge Keep it Trimmed as Neat as Your Lawn THE LITTLE WONDER HEDGE TRIMMER TRADE MARK REG. U.S. PAT. OFF. is to the Hedge as a Lawn Mower is to the Lawn PAYS FOR ITSELF IN ONE DAY’S USE even uses with- out detaching or changing a single tool — without the use ofa wrench or screw driver! The ‘Revolving Head” does it. Simply revolve the needed tool into position and lock by turning the hand wheel. Not a minute’s loss of time, no lost or misplaced tools. we American Gardener “The 3-Way Tool” Handle height is adjustable and the hand grips are designed to permit restful hand changes. Built so sturdily that we guarantee it a life time. Selected oak handles, strong steel frame, 14 inch steel wheel. Teeth, hoe and plow forged from tool steel and hardened. If your dealer does not carry it, your money order for $6.75 brings you this tool of 11 uses. (Add $1.00 for extra postage for Denver and points West.) Your money back if it doesn’t more than meet your expectations. The American Fork & Hoe Co. Makers of Forks, Hoes and Rakes for 97 Years TRUE TEMPER QUALITY Revolutionizes Hedge Trimming. Trims every variety grown. Cuts from five to ten times as fast as by hand and makes a more even cut. Operates so easy that women operate them. An amateur becomes expert with very little practice. Various adjustments and attachments suit it to every shape of hedge and cut desired. In use on hundreds of the largest estates in the country and highly recommended by all. Cultivator yfZ Teeth VA 7 Harrison, N. Y. Gentlemen:—Your “Little Wonder’? Hedge Trimmer does not only as good work as we formerly did by hand shears, but we keep our hedges in much better shape because of being able to trim them often and we succeeded in cutting in about three hours what it form- erly took us three days to do by hand. Wishing you the success your machine so well merits, I am, Harmon Auvucust Price, $27.50, prepaid, East of Mississippi Price, 30.00, prepaid, West of Mississippi Built for practical use, is mechanically perfect and made of the best materials. Nothing to get out of order. With reasonable care will last a lifetime. Guaranteed for one year. Weighs six- ELEVEN USES Harrowing the Soil Mulching Between teen pounds. Complete instructions accompany Rows : 123 Cedar St Geneva, Ohio i = Loosening Top Soil edar St. . each machine. Sold by leading dealers. If your Keeping Our Weeds [HAS SS deal annot supply you rite earing Out Weeds mae i h ie Hl Fi ha ‘ll ane Gee ¢ TheAmerican Fork & HoeCo. us enclosing check, and we wi Shallow Cultivating 7 Gennlonio ship your machine at once. Ref- aneepnaieice / i ] 3S Please find enclosed. 5 =e erences and circulars on re- Gleaning Paths 7 quest. for__________send parcels post Breaking Hard Soil ¢ A 1 i ________American Gardener. : John C. Dettra Machine Co. Making Open Furrows 7 Making Seed Furrows ot Any Length 7 Name ee Oakes, Montgomery Co., Penna. Does three hours work in one 7 Address No. 3 SS SS===—=_ bea 46 2 = DWARF TREES Apple Pear Plum Peach Cherry PLANT TEN FEET APART, BEAR QUICKER THAN ANY, SAVE ROOM, TIME & WORK Catalogue Free VAN DUSEN NURSERIES C.C. Mc Kay, Msgr., Box G., Geneva, N. Y. E000 TH NUNN DLV - - - READ DAVID GRAYSON .- - - Pergolas and Arbors This advertise- ment shows only a GROUND COVERS Aumcst every one who sees my garden says: “What’s that?” The plant that calls forth the exclamation is only one of those common plants that have become uncommon in the garden —the Cypress Spurge (Euphorbia Cyparissias.) Nowadays it is more apt to be found by the wayside or in an old burying-ground. | guess it deserved its banishment from the garden, all right. Its cypress-like foliage, topped early in the season by yellowish blossoms, possesses gen- uine beauty; but it spreads unmercifully and, on the whole, is best suited for a cover plant. Thus used, it has a value far greater than is generally appreciated. The foliage keeps good all summer, though the new growth coarsens after the blos- soms appear. Likewise unappreciated as a ground cover of distinct value is the common Coltsfoot (Tussilago Farfara). Because of its propensity to roam all over creation it is admirable for covering spots that are difficult to keep green. For dry banks, or against a wall, or the stone foundation of a house, it is one of the best of plants. The flower stalks—each with its little yellow dandelion- like blossom—come with the earliest spring and are followed by very large leaves that hide the ground completely and remain in good condition until autumn. In shape and manner of growth the tufts of foliage resemble somewhat those of the Burdock; but with their fresh green and their woolly under side, the leaves are far handsomer. Both by underground suckers and self-sowing, the Coltsfoot increases as rapidly as if it had the world to conquer. If used as a cover near the lawn or garden, the flower heads should be cut off before the seed ripens. Another excellent cover effect may be obtained by the use of the old fashioned Burnet (Poterium Sanguisorba). This grows readily from seed and, being a perennial, takes care of itself thereafter. The beautifully cut, dark green foliage is very profuse and mats thickly to a height of six or eight inches. After the first year, there are inconspicu- ous heads of dull red bloom. This Burnet, used for flavoring drinks in the olden time, covers the The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 ) BARTLETT OU don’t have on climb a Ladder when you use this Pruner, made in sections 4 feet long. It joins together easily to make an 8, 12 or 16 foot pole. No. r has a compound Jever head and is made with a hook and side lever. It is calculated for heavy work and will cut | a limb up to 14 inches in diameter. T- stead of running the rod connecting the knife lever along one side of the pole to a handle lever, we have the handle lever on the opposite side, which alle the rod to cross the pole. As a result one- AACE half the strain is thrown AT a= on one side of the pole and one-half on the — }LEVER, other which gives about double strength, and in- -.stead of the pole warp- ing and bending, it has a tendency to remain straight and stiff. We recommend the No. 1 trimmer as the compound leverage relieves the strain on the pole. The CorapounaLt Lever head makes the large limbs cut as easy as the small. Only best of material used in its construction. 8-foot—2 sections 12-foot—3 sections 16-foot—4 sections - - - Deduct 60 cts. per length if long pole is preferred. Sent, prepaid, if your dealer doesn’t carry them. Ask for circular of Hand Pruners, ae Lopping Shears and Long Pole Pruners. BARTLETT MANUFACTURING CO. J 29 East Lafayette Ave, Detroit, Mich. Special for Spring, 1922 RHODODENDRONS IN CAR LOTS Varieties Catawbiense, Carolinianum & Maximum KALMIA LATIFOLIA FRUIT TREES AND FRUIT PLANTS Price upon request—also General Price List MORRIS NURSERY COMPANY 1133 Broadway New York City, N.Y. SAVE THE TREE by using Vitamite Tree Bacteria a remarkable product for promoting new growth and bloom. $3.00 per tree—money refunded it results not satisfactory. J. R. KEEFE East Orange, N. J. few of suggestive features from our catalogue con- taining several hundred distinct- ground well on ‘sandy and chalky soils; it has no particular dislike for soil poverty. In the garden ] use it as an edging; it is fine for that purpose, as ive garden decor- ations. When writing for copy, enclose zoc and ask for | catalogue“H-34’’ GARDEN HOUSES, LATTICE FENCES GARDEN FURNITURE, PLANT-TUBS and FERNERIES SUN-DIALS and GAZING GLOBES HARTMANN SANDERS CO. Main Office and Factory: Eastern Office and Showroom: 6 East 39th St. 2155-87 Elston Ave. Chicago, Til. New York City it is easy to keep within bounds. The value of the common blue Myrtle (Vinca minor) for filling in bare, or semi-bare, spots ought to be almost universally apparent. But if it is, advantage is too infrequently taken of the opportunity. It has the supreme virtue of being evergreen in the North, it will thank you for sun- shine and thank you for shade, its blossoms are bright and pretty and in hardiness it is in the can’t-be-killed class. It ought to be planted more on banks, where the white variety is very attractive. Nor is the value of Rosa Wichuraiana realized to the extent that its merits deserve. Though called the Memorial Rose, there is no reason why it should be relegated to cemeteries. It 1s beau- tiful and useful there, but not less so on a bank or rocky ground with good soil pockeis, either pinned down close or as a loose cover. This Rose soon provides a virtually evergreen carpet and the single white blossoms make it almost as beautiful as the famous Cherokee Rose of the South. H. S. Apams, New York. Burchard Avenue Plan for Beautifying yox7v home grounds. Trained landscape architects prepare it. Use it this spring. Send foritnow. FREE. CHICAGO LANDSCAPE CO., 79 W. Monroe, CHICAGO Gladiolus Dorothy McKibbin The best early ruffled pink variety yet produced. (See cut for form and vigor.) Dorothy McKibbin has pee tested by florists and pronounced first class for forcing purposes, has long, straight, wiry stems, the flowers growing well out of the foliage; extremely early, elegantly ruffled and of a most beautiful shade of pink; has a pure apple blossom tinted throat, blending to bright pink around the outer edges of the petals. It has a wide open flower with many open at a time. Each 35c.. doz, $3.50, per 100 $24.50. prepaid. 6 at doz. rates and with every half doz. 1 Gold Pheasant free. JOHN H. McKIBBIN 1309 Division Street, Goshen, Indiana The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 : 147 Strawberries OU can enjoy them this summer if you plant our field grown plants right now. Here are three splendid sorts of recent introduction—far larger and better than the old standard varieties. California—Large fruits of perfect shape and splendid flavor. $2 per doz., $3.75 per 25, $12.50 per 100. Buckbee—Enormous glossy red berries; delicious. $1.25 per doz., $2.25 per 25, $4 per 50, $7.50 per 100. Beal—Truly remarkable flavor; unusually large. 90 cis. per doz. $1.50 per 25, $2.75 per 50, $5 per 100. Raspberries New Everbearing White Queen bears an abundance of almost white berries from August until mid-November. Extra large fruits, free from acid and seeds. $6.50 per doz., $50 per 100. Kevitt’s Hybrid. Planted now, will yield this fall one pint of large crimson berries to each stalk; twice as many next year. Grows ten feet inaseason. $2.50 per doz., $15 per 100. Send for free catalogue which describes these and other excel- RSIS SRS RSS aRETNGe lent, new varieties, besides vegetable and flower seeds. Copy free on request. Trees for Street and Avenue Planting atime If you want satisfaction, buy the best. If the purchase price is the William M. Hunt & Co., Inc. ’ fast essential you eal probably get the results shown in the picture in the : : rig and corner above. 148 Chambers Street New York City If you are buying future enjoyment, a Hicks guaranteed tree will pay the biggest dividends. Everyone of the trees listed below is guaranteed to produce the results you expect. Note the mass of roots on the maple above and you will understand why we can guarantee. Here are the best kinds of shade trees for street and avenue planting. For sandy and gravel soil, plant white, red, scarlet oaks; for light sandy loam, chestnut oak, Maidenhair Tree. small leaved Linden, Norway Maple; for moist loam Sweet Gum, Sugar Maples, swamp white oak, cucumber Magnolia. O Each Ten Hundred Tl te Norway Mapl 33’ dia. 16-18’high $8.00 $75.00 $700.00 Sweet Gum with ball) 12 Meee 8-10’ “ 3.50 30.00 275.00 Sugar Maple SSS, 8-10’ << 2.00 17.50 150.00 t Small leaved European Linden 6-8’ “ 1.50 12.50 100.00 O- ay 8-10’ << 2.00 17.50 150.00 ne ee s¢ sf 10-12’ << 3.50 30.00. 275.00 Scarlet Oak 1-13” “ LOLs 4.00 35,00 300.00 Or Tt e e Tulip tree (with ball) Ofer ss 3.00. 25.00 “é “cc “ce “ec 10’ “é 4.00 35.00 Chestnut Oak gee 3 OAs 6.00 50.00 Pin Oak Pa tlooee IQ? & 3.00 27.50 250.00 ca t alo gue Swamp White Oak ce 10-12’ “ 2.00 17.50 150.00 White Oak (with ball) Pay <6 oy 5.00 45.00 Red Oak 6-8’ <“ 2.00 17.50 150.00 Cucumber Magnolia (with ball) 6-8’ “« 2.00 17.50 R OAS Maidenhair Tree (with ball) Be CS 8-10’ “ 5.00 40.00 So beautifully distinct from any other dahlia. The soft HICKS NURSERIES, Department M, WESTBURY, LONG ISLAND, N. Y. colors and tints blend so Ti ine Saving Stade ces a Evergreen) for foundation pene : vergreens for immediate effect. ardy flowers in several hundred varieties. harmoniously. The most Flowering Shrubs and Roses. Fruit trees and berries of the best varieties exquisitely formed flowers are carried so gracefully, erect to facing, on the long, cane stiff stems. Size, six to eight inches. Color at Mary Steffenson base of petal, citron yellow, outer half creamy white, both yellow and white mottled and overspread rosolane pink. Many petals showing faint yellow along mid-vein. All dusted over with tiny glistening crystal-like particles, as of gold dust. An ideal dahlia for cutting, garden, and for exhibition. Roots, $5.00 each. That you may know our dahlias we make the following SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY OFFERS 5 beautiful Cactus Dahlias 5 grand Decorative Dahlias 2 Giant Century, 2 unique Collarettes, 2 Ball, 6 in all 5 Peony Daklias, $1.00, 1 Pkt. new Decorative Dahlia Seed $1 Above 5 offers, each Dahlia carefully labeled, true to name, and my book on The Dahlia, all postpaid for OUR NEW CATALOGUE, THE WORLD’S BEST DAHLIAS. not only shows Mary Steffenson, Queen Elizabeth, Golden West Cactus, and 9 new Century Dahlias in natural colors, but tells the plain truth about the best new and standard varieties, including 12 won- derful new creations, now offered for the first time. THE LEADING DAHLIA CATALOGUE FREE Write to-day. A post card will bring you a copy by return mail. PEACOCK DAHLIA FARMS Berlin We are the largest in the world New Jersey 148 The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 Beautify Your Home Surroundings BY THE USE OF OUR : FENCES, ARBORS, TRELLISES, PERGOLAS, No. 235 Lattice Fence LATTICE TRIMS, GARDEN SEATS, ETC. Our equipment enables us to manufacture at low cost a very large line of original designs—the attractive kind. It will be a pleasure to mail you our Free Literature. Our drafting department will design especially for you—No Charge. If interested in Fences, ask for our Blue Prints showing many attractive designs. Our Lattice Trimmings for walls both inside and out have proven welcome additions in gardens and homes. We have many styles suitable for the most elaborate mansion or the humblest cottage. Free Catalogue. ALL PURPOSE FLOWER BOX Can be used as Window, Porch or Balustrade Box. Paneled sides and end, metal bottom, made of beautiful fir wood stained foliage green or seal brown. Sent PARCEL POST Pre- paid. Money refunded if 8 int wide, Si dse, 27m ts oe not satisfied. in. wide, 8 in. deep, 42 in. !ong, $3. fine ids, Osim. dese (6) tee Ione, SIE Order them to-day GARDEN CRAFT 5 Lake Street, Crystal Lake, Illinois Lattice Trim No. 355 Japanese Gardens Unique and attractive Skilfully and quickly constructed by experienced gardeners T. R. OTSUKA 300 South Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill. i" a Lo WY catacal eS and Luscious | Raspberries, strawberries, grapes, currants—bigger than ever you | grew before; each one bursting with rich wine-like juice; the kind you've always wanted, The kind that you can grow now if you give them Stim-U-planT; the concentrated essence of scientifically perfect plant food for all ~ SPECIAL OFFER plants. Stim-U-planT in tablet form; clean; easy to use. No NT : To Introduce “Pet Stone” a light smell—stain—or dirt, Always gives great results with Flowers, c= Fe teria Sesion eae Vegetables or Fruits. Great for Lawns. S RSaee> product of unusual merit, we offer the saucer bath Price 75c per 100; $3.50 per 1000. Postpaid. 4 : ; / rae, for $2.25, 3 for $6.00, f. o. b. EARP-THOMAS CULTURES CORP. : : re HLADKY CAST STONE CO. 80 Lafayette Street New York CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA If you are planning a garden you will want this new Hudson Book. Just write and we will send you a copy free and postpaid. See for yourself the many inexpensive working tools that Hudson has designed to make Garden- ing easier and more profitable. See the marvelous new Hudson Adjustable Cultivator Hoe, the wonderful Rocker Hoe, the Light Push Cultivator, the Combination Seeder and Cultivator (Six Tools in One)—all these and many more are fully described and i!lustrated in this free book. It is— wor wth FLO DSON TOOLS Easy to prepare seed beds—easy to sow and plant uniformly and accurately— easy to keep down weeds and to cultivate and “‘hill’” vegetables—easy to keep soil mulched and loamy—easy to spray. The new low Hudson prices will surprise you. Write for free book to-day. Omaha, Nebr. Kansas City, Mo. 111 Reade Street, New York City High Pressure Hand Sprayer at Combination Cultivator and Seeder. Adjustable Wheel Cul- Junior Cultivator Double Bdge Rocker Adjustable Hand Really 6 Tools in One. tivator with Weed Cutter Caltivator SMM TRIS Collections for your Spring Planting M* special offer lists a special collection for the beginner, and a special collec- tion from my surplus stock for large plantings. This offer, together with a list of the 700 varieties growing in my garden, mailed on re- quest. AAA VAN WERT IRIS GARDENS Lee R. Bonnewrrz, Prop. Washington St. Van Wert, Ohio il EN Prindle HUMUS For the Price is the Best and Cheapest Hertility “Maker ie is unequaled for increasing the fertility and yield of the vegetable garden. For producing more and better flowers. For making new and restoring old lawns and tennis courts. Humus makes a clay soil friable and a sandy soil to hold moisture. It has no equal as a mulch for things growing. It has no odor, weed seeds or litter. $5.00 for 5, 100 lb. bags, f. 0. b Stanhope; N. J. H. B. PRINDLE 70 East 45th Street, New York Send One Dollar and we will send you five twenty-five cent packages of our e eye Elephant Brand Universal Fertilizer Our special preparation for DAHLIAS, CANNAS, GLADIOLUS, FLOWER and KITCHEN GARDENS. Each package contains one pound net. Delivered free within 300 miles of New York City. Over 300 miles sendtwenty cents extra for parcel post. INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL COMPANY Dept. A 87 Dey St., New York City EASY TO KILL WEEDS AND MULCH THE SOIL Don’t do garden work the —& slow, backbreakingway. The ¥2? BARKER BARKER makes the finest gardens WEEDER, MULCHER Possible—quickly, easily. Simply AND CULTIVATOR push alongrows like lawn mower) —8 blades revolving against under- i ground knife destroy the weeds and in same operation break the crust intoa level, porous, moisture-retaining mulch, Aeratesoil. ‘‘Best Weed Killer Ever Used."’ Has leaf guards, also shovels for deeper cultivation, A boy can run it—do more and better work than 10 men with hoes. Write for FREE BOOK Illustrated book, postpaid, gives prices de- livered to your station, contains valuable in- formation on gardening, letters from users, etc. Acard brings it. Write today. BARKER MFG. Co. Box 11 David City, Neb. The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 The Dahlia Farm|s East Moriches, Long Island, N.Y. DAHLIAS BYRON STREETER. A fascinating shade of lilac purple, lightening on outer petals, overlaid with a wonderful bluish sheen. Immense flowers rigidly erect on long stems. Very lasting when cut................ $2.00 ARGYLE. A marvelous flower of rich apricot, suffused carmine, making a gorgeous effect. A fine exhibition variety. A glory in the garden, and a fine shipper and keeper when cut.............-+--seseeeeeee eee $1.50 THE MILLIONAIRE. A mammoth flower, of unusual depth, on good stem. Delicate lavender faintly shaded pink....................-. $1.50 THE PRIDE OF CALIFORNIA. The American Beauty among dahlias. A huge full centered flower of crimson-red on long strong stem.......... 1.50 MRS. ATHERTON. We introduced this grand flower, and each year proves it better than we claimed. A mammoth bloom on strong stem, it is peer of the best in yellows......-.......:..252-00ccecsreeres ... $1.50 We will send these 5 Decoratives, 1 field-grown tuber of each, postpaid to any address for $5.00 RED CROSS. English and Dutch growers have pronounced this the best all-round dahlia produced in America. A combination of scarlet and gold flaunting its brazen beauty erect on three-foot stems, it is the most alluring Homer in tne galen, “Abies. oo onnocogossocadaceondunoosOnBOo0D $2.50 WINIFRED. A fine buttercup yellow peony that drew much attention. The petals twist attractively around a fairly full center, stems are long and strong, and the plants are a mass of bloom till the season’send. Tubers, $2.00 LAURA BARNES. One of the grandest peony dahlias ever introduced. Its immense orange red blooms and long stems always draw spontaneous cries of admiration from visitors. Tubers.............-.22ceeeeeeeeees $1.00 MRS. J.P. SMITH. The largest true type show dahlia grown. A mam- moth ball of rich crimson. Tubers................sceceeees rece -50c —Write for catalogue. Unique and Free——= A BED OF BEAUTY—100 Gladioli, 10 varieties, prepaid $5.00. 100 Gladioli, Imperial Mixture, prepaid $4.00. THE DAHLIA FARM, East Moriches, Long Island, New York Bring Your Garden Up-to-Date Eliminates—Guesswork, Doubt, Backache Saves—Moncy, Time, Seed, Temper It gives the beginner all the advantages of the expert, and the expert an opportunity to have a better garden with less work and expense. A Garden Full of Best Early Vegetables for $1.00 Fifteen full-sized 10c. packets of Vegetables Seedtape—enough to plant 600 feet of best early vegetables, sent postpaid anywhere in the United States or Canada for $1.00. If purchased separately from our catalogue this collection would cost $1.50. ONE PACKET EACH OF FOLLOWING FOR $1.00 Beet, Crimson Globe Lettuce, B. S. Simpson Cabbage, Wakefield Onion: NN ere arsley, Double Curle Sey Gace: Radish, French Breakfast Endive, Green Curled z 4 fj Spee, 6 eS, Leek, Large Flag Tomato, Earliana Lettuce, Big Boston Turnip, Ea. White Milan Order your collection Now. Mail this advertisement with Check, Money Order, Dollar Bill or Stamps and secure this Garden Full of Best Seeds, ready to plant in the best way. Write to-day for 1922 PAKRO SEED ANNUAL, “‘A Guide to Better Gardens.” It will furnish you with full particulars about this better, easier method of planting, also about “‘Pakro Packet Seeds” of same selected quality as those used in Seedtape. A postal will bring it free to any address. American Seed & Seedtape Co. 170 Main Street Madison, N. J. 149 4 * e = . # es Regal Lilies for Everyman’s Garden At last we are ready! For several years we have been build- ing up a stock of lovely Lilium myriophyllum and now have thousands of bulbs of blooming sizes. Every home gardener may now enjoy the companionship of this truly regal, fragrant floral beauty. Lilium regale (myriophyllum) is hardy, literally grows on any well-drained soil and bears charming white flowers, shaded pink outside, with a primrose yellow throat. Blooms in June; 6 for $3.00; $6.00 per dozen; $48.00 per 100. Why Not an Entire Garden of Gorgeous Lilies ? Here is a collection of hardy Lilies second to none for the home garden. All are perfectly hardy, bloom different seasons, are good for years: Early Flowering: 6. Hansoni; 6 L. Rubel- lum; 6 L. Elegans. A Corner ' CE a 6 L. Regale; 6 L. Tenui- ° . olium; . Longiflorum. in Natives Later Flowering: 6 L.Auratum; 6 L. Henryi; _ We specialize in na- | 6 Speciosum Rubrum. tive hardy ferns, plants A total of 54 Sure to Bloom Lily Bulbs for $15.00. Half and woodland species | the Collection (3 of each) for $8.00. and invite correspond- ence from those having Horsford’s Annual special problems. is ready to introduce to you one of the most complete collec- tions of Lilies, Ferns and Hardy Perennials. Please ask for it. FRED’K H. HORSFORD, CHARLOTTE, VERMONT lO 150 The Garden Magazenes April, 1922 dhe Maite Domrterice S: (Ge ARRIS ROSEDALE SPECIALTIES EVERGREENS in 77 varieties and many sizes, up to 25 feet. Frequent transplanting assures compact root systems that stand moving well. FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS in great variety, including extra sizes for immediate effect. ROSES, PHLOX and IRIS and other Hardy Perennials in many varieties. We will issue two helpful catalogues. One is now ready, the other will be mailed in August. ROSEDALE NURSERIES Send us your name and address. Box A TARRYTOWN, N.Y. Regular price $15.00. the blooming season. panies the order. series. Catalog free on request. Ye Olde Fashioned Garden Plants Why not have a hardy, permanent border which gives you flowers from early April until late November. MAKE YOU A SPECIAL TRIAL OFFER. All plants are field grown clumps. A border 25 feet long and 4 feet wide, including 70 strong plants of the best varieties and blending colors covering SPECIAL OFFER.—We will supply this collection, as a unit at $12.00, charges prepaid, providing cash accom- Order at once, shipment to be made April and May. We specialize in Hardy Plants. We also offer Gladioli, Bedding Plants, Nut Trees, Roses, Small Fruits, etc. All grown in our own Nur- Only best varieties of Plants and Bulbs offered. Hardy Plant Specialists WE Clinton, Conn. CLINTON NURSERIES ANDORRA High Grade Stock JN of Ornamental g Trees and Shrubs. Catalogue on request. ANDORRA NURSERIES WM. WARNER HARPER, Prop. CuEestnut Hinu PHILADELPHIA For April we will offer the following Special in our 1200 varieties of GLORIOUS DAHLIAS 1 King of Commerce, Tango, Dec................+-+++ $2.50 1 Princess Mary, Rose Pink, Dec...................-... 1.00 1 Hochsai, Old Gold and Russet, Dec................. 1.00 1 Yellow Giant, Deep Yellow, Dec..................... -50 1 Princess Juliana, White Peo.-Dec................-.. -35 1 Lovely Ensford, Color of Insulinda, Dec............. .35 1 Yellow King, Light Yellow Hyb-Cac................. 1.00 One Tuber each of the above, postpaid for $5.00 New Albany, Ind. Indiana Dahlia Farm ; DAHLIAS : “ READ THIS SPECIAL OFFER ¥ In order to reduce my many ‘varieties in Decorative and Peony- W u\ flowered Dahlias, I will send postpaid 18 free bloomers for $5.00. wv A\ This offer is worth your trial, catalogue free, mention this magazine. \(/ a GEO. H. WALKER, N. DIGHTON, MASS. W "Sesecccacs Pa Pe ee ee wy REYNOLDS CATNIP MOUSE Makes Every Cat and Kitten Playful and Healthful If you want to have some fun, give Puss a CATNIP MOUSE. She will cut up all kinds of antics. Will play with it as long as there is a_piece left. Very important that growing kittens have catnip. 4 Mice for $r.0o. H. B. REYNOLDS MFG. Co. Box 20 Mt. Vernon, Ohio NEW M. MELON “OKA” — A selection from the famous Montreal Musk Melon crossed witha red-fleshed variety. Easier to grow than the Montreal Market, bears large fruit up to 10 lbs., bright salmon colored flesh, very thick and the richest flavored melon in the market. - z j Per Pkt., 50 cts. DUPUY & FERGUSON, Montreal, Canada THE FAME OF JACOBS BIRD-HOUSES IS KNOWN IN EVERY LAND Beautify your grounds and help your bird neighbors by using the JACOBS colony houses for the Purple Martin. Bluebird, Wren, Chickadee, Swallow, Nuthatch, Titmouse, Flicker and Woodpeckers. Bird Baths and Drinking Fountains; Feeding Devices for Win- ter Birds. Government Sparrow Traps and Bird Bander’s Traps. Beautiful illustrated booklet describing our products free. Name this magazine and receive a copy of The American Individual nest-boxes for the Bird-House Journal. Over 39 years’ experience with birds. JACOBS BIRD-HOUSE AND MANUFACTURING CO. Waynesburg, Pa. For Fruitful Shade Plant NUT TREES Last fall—about the time the leaves were dropping off the trees—I neglected to re- mind you that nut trees give as much shade as elms and maples. Walnuts and Pecans get to be quite tall, live to a great old age, become shapely and graceful, and furnish almost as much shade as most other trees. In addition to these points they will produce @ good crop of nuts annually. My 1922 catalogue lists only grafted trees—Wal- nuts, Pecans, Shagbarks, Almonds, and others that are sure to produce valuable crops. The prices are fully as reasonable as for ordinary shade trees, yet the nut trees are more valuable. J. F. Jones Box G, Lancaster, Penna. Send for a copy. Rose Arches 7 ft. high 4 ft. wide Galvanized $13.50 Each Any Size or Shape Made to Order WIRE & IRON FENCE —for every purpose Trellises Entrance Gates Tennis Backstops BROOK IRON WORKS, Inc. Dept. G 37 Barclay St., New York, N. Y. GLADIOLI IRISES SPECIAL OFFERS 12 Varieties choice Gladioli worth $1.25 for $1.00. 10 Varieties choice Irises worth $4.40 for $3.50. A request will bring our instructive catalogue. : FOREST HEIGHTS GARDENS 1815 26th Ave. No. Dept.G. Minneapolis, Minn. 'Pulverized Sheep Manure | Best for Lawns and Gardens NATURE’S OWN PLANT FOOD Great for Lawns, Grass Plots, etc. It affords the fullest advantage of spring rains,insuring raace an early start and a luxuriant growth. Sheep’s Head Brand also is used » extensively for Gardens, Small Fruits, We Shrubbery, etc. Rich in nitrogen, RAL GUAR. phosphoric acid and potash; also adds SETS humus. Guaranteed absolutely clean—nothing but sheep manure—free from weed seeds which are killed by heat. Dried and pulverized for easy application. Circular and prices on request. NATURAL GUANO CO., 803 River Street Aurora, III. The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 151 An Agreeable Plant! HE JAPANESE HOLLY isa most saeele plant to have on your lawn—it is so pleasant and so amenable, under all sorts of conditions which might dis- gruntle another plant! It thrives both in the sun and in the shade—in the city, in the country, and even near the seashore—alone or in groups with other Broad- leaved Evergreens or with Conifers, or as a hedge plant—in fact, its uses and adapta- bilities seem endless! A\n irregular, closel;)-branched shrub, with sma dark-green leaYes, it may be permitted to grow naturally, or it may be clipped into formal effects as desired and kept at any height up to 6 or 8 ft. With so many delightful possibilities, and the further allurement of very low cost, we urge you to plant Japanese Holly liberally on your lawn. Write us for sug- gestions and prices, and a free copy of our new illustrated catalogue. Moons Nurseries THE WM.H. MOON CO. MORRISVILLE which is 1 mile from Trenton, N. J. PENNSYLVANIA “It is ideal for any climate”. ODGSON Houses are not “one-season” buildings. Although easy to erect, they are proof against winter storms and summer heat. Years of service will not injure their appearance and usefulness. : Hodgson Houses have far more uses than most people imagine. For a summer home, mountain cottage, garage, playhouse, and many other purposes a Hodgson House is the most useful structure you can obtain. Splendid materials and expert workmanship ] = © Hodgson Hi plus thirty years of manufacturing experience GEGH Te CCH Che insure the perfection of every Hodgson House. inne aincant ages bith = 5 galows, garages, play- Upon request we will send you our illustrated houses, poultry and catalogue, describing Hodgson Houses in detail. OrOnes acne: and innumerable other purposes. E. F. HODGSON CoO., Room 228, 71-73 Federal Street, Boston, Mass. 6 East 39th Street, New York City HODGSON}RS% SUA ULL TMM MMMM Nowis the time to consider your Garden. And here is the stuff. None Better No.1 9 Distinct, very choice Hardy Roses Snow Queen, pure white. Gen. Jacqueminot, bright red. Gruss an Teplitz, scarlet crimson. Caroline Testout, clear pink. Col- umbia, dark pink. La France, deep rose pink, Sunburst, yellow. Dorothy Perkins, pink rambler. Crimson Rambler, deep crim- son red. Each $.60. 9, one of each, $5.00 No. 2 Hardy Perennials. 12 distinct varieties Larkspur, tall blue spike. Coreopsis Grandiflora, golden yellow daisy. Gaillardia, dark brown and yellow daisy. Sweet William, auricula eyed, or new pink, your choice. Hollyhocks. Fox- glove, Shasta Daisy. Japanese Iris, Liberty Iris, your choice of colors. Achillea the Pearl, bunch of white buttons. Asclepias eee: orange, very pretty. Physostegia Virginica, tall pink spike. Each $.25. 12, one of each, $2.50. 100, $15,00 No. 3 Gladiolus. 12 choice hybrids America, pink. Halley, salmon. Mrs. Francis King, flame color. Empress of India, nearly black. War, blood red. Peace, white. Schwaben, yellow. Violet King, dark violet. Mrs. Watt, Amer- ican beauty rose color. Stella, deep pink, white center. Golden West, golden orange. Panama, deep pink. Each $.06. 12, one of each, $.60. 100, $4.00 No. 4 A very choice collection of Gladiolus Dominion, brilliant red. Mirtle, delicate pink, white in center. Evelyn Kirtland, rose pink. MHerada, glittering mauve. White Glory, ruffled white. Flora, beautiful yellow. Mahogany, very dark. Prince of Wales, the finest salmon. Nora, lavender. Excelsior, pink, blood red in center. Wonder, deep rose pink, blue edged. King of the Blues, dark blue. Each $.20. 12, one of each, $2.00. 100, $12.00 No. 5 6 of the most choice Gladiolus Pink Lily, ruffled deep pink. Mrs. Dr. Norton, la France pink, cream center. White Giant, pure white. Chautauqua Red, brightest red. Le Marechal Foch, rose pink. Catharina, lavender. Each $.50. 6, one of each, $2.75. 100, $40.00 No. 6 Gladiolus Primulinus Nothing is more beautiful than my Gladiolus Primulinus, with their artistically arranged flowers, and their oriental and pastel colors. Here are 12 fine Varieties. Canaribird, yellow. Flam- ingo, flamingo pink. Glow, deep orange. Flora, pink white center. Oreole, deep yellow. Orange Brilliant, bright orange and yellow. Regel, ruffled salmon pink. Sunray, yellow orange. Salmonia, salmon. Sweet Orra, cream white, pink center. Silvis, salmon red. Sedan, ruffled yellow, red blotch in center. Very choice mixture. 100, $4.00 Each $.10. 12, one of each, $1.00. 100, $6.00 No. 7 A very choice collection of Gladiolus Primulinus Attraction, salmon. Beauty, rose pink. Firefly, orange with blood red spot in center. Roanoke, ruffled yellow, dark red spot in center. Orange Perfection, brown orange. Sunbeam, deep yellow. Nymph, white veined red. Rose Queen, pink. Capella, deep orange red. Elegance, flame red. Rosea Superba, dark pink. Each $.20. 12, one of each, $2.00. 100, $15.00 No. 8 6 Gems of the Primulinus Egret, cream. Jewell, the finest blend in salmon and golden yellow. Golden Nugget, dark yellow. Liberty, deep orange. Darling, fine pink. Sunrise, bright orange yellow blotch in center. Each $.50. 6, one of each, $2.50. 100, $35.00 Our Gladiolus as well as our Gladiolus Primulinus take the first prizes at every show CHAUTAUQUA FLOWERFIELDS Route No. 68 Bemus Point, New York MMMM TIT UU TL MMMM AMAA 152 The Garden Magazine, April, 1922 $100 Worth of Architectural Counsel for 50c CanYouAfford To Build Thi If you called in the experts for the very advice to be found in this number of COUNTRY LIFE, your fees would be far more than $100. These are the things you get expert counsel on, both by des- cription and by profuse illustrations—in April Country Life. The Small House Can You Afford to Build this Year? Stucco Houses The Way to Build a Roof Gates and Gateways Back Yard Gardens About Fire Protection Foundations Correct Furniture No le Suggestions for Small Country Homes % © ‘

. the magazine during the very time you need it most. % Si in % Qo 2 MES 95 % e. 9 Np eS 7. 57%, C; NEN Sp me “Sy & cL NX ty ok 2 De YS SIS) ae 2, obey dy GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK oP é 5 Se, Ue. oe Published by Doubleday, Page & Company % 286 Fifth Ave., New York City MAKE YOUR GARDEN GAY WITH PHLOX There is a never-failing charm in a garden bedecked with Phlox. Calling back from bygone days haunt- ing memories of long-forgotten gardens, the restful appeal of these fresh, gay plants leads us down a picturesque vista to the past. No garden is quite complete without its shower of Phlox. Order Your Plants Today Now is the time to order yoursupply. The Elliott Nursery Company is one of the oldest and most responsible plant, seed and shrub houses in the country. For thirty years it has been adding to the beauty and charm of homes and gardens in all parts of the land through the high quality and excellence of its offerings. You can absolutely rely on us to fill your order with the finest grade plants to be obtained. When you deal with this house you deal with an organ- ization of experienced nurserymen with a nation-wide reputation for honesty and skill. Select from the list in the right hand column the various types of Phlox you desire and mail us your order today. A Catalogue You Should Have At Once For the success of your garden and for your own personal satisfaction you should also send for our free catalogue of hardy plants, trees and shrubs. This carefully-edited and well-illustrated book is a delight in itself. For those inter- ested in gardens and gardening it is a fascinating source of information and suggestion. Mail us the coupon today and we shall take pleasure in sending you the catalogue by return mail. Send Us This Coupon Today yy, 2. Jododode tow. we. odode todododo dod, 2. 2. a ELLIOTT NURSERY CO., 506 Magee Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. Ic Kindly send me your free catalogue of hardy plants, trees and shrubs. Sy mee ea ee ae ee airs ane lee Open SNe ee aie Sea 4 x State pepe as epee nUe, eth ete Gene When Mee eRe Meee ee oS PS ee a a ew a Te er ad Phlox Phlox range in color from pure white through the pinks to dark red and crimson with an occasional lilac variety. They range in height from three to four feet and bloom from June to August. Athiss 22S Very tall; fine salmon. Albion so fee Large panicles of pure white flowers with faint aniline red eye. Baron von Dedem ___Brilliant cochineal red with salmon shading; rich color. Champs Elysees _..--Very bright, rich purplish crimson. Eclaireur ___________- Bright purplish rose, light center; enormous flowers. Frau Buchner _-_-__-- Delicate shade of mauve; crimson carmine eye. Frau Antoine BuchnerThe finest white yet introduced; largest truss and individual flower. Independence __-_---- Fine vigorous white. Mrs. Jenkins __------ White immense panicles. Miss Lingard _-_------ The best phlox in cultivation. It produces im- mense heads of beautiful white flowers in June and blooms again in September and October. Splendid foliage and habit, and free from attacks of red spider. Obergartner Wittig __Light rose center red eye. Prof. Schlieman_____- Salmon rose with carmine eye. Rheinlander ______--- A pleasing salmon pink with flowers of very large size ($3.00 per doz.; $20.00 per 100). Rynstrom ____------- A splendid improvement on Pantheon; color not unlike that of Paul Neyron rose. Fine for massing. Riverton Jewell _____- Lovely mauve rose illuminated by carmine red eye; large flowers. werboldi.<-=-2-- == ==: Orange scarlet; very brilliant; good habit; a great improvement on the old variety Coquelicot. Widarzs222t2e ee Bright reddish violet with large white center. Field-grown plants $2.50 per dozen; $15.00 per 100 except where noted. ELLIOTT NURSERY CO. 506 Magee Bldg. Pittsburgh, Pa. Burpee’s Sweet Corn HE House of Burpee has introduced a distinct new varieties of vegetables and flowers that are now in general cultivation than have any three other American seed houses combined. The Burpee introductions include the following world- famous varieties of Sweet Corn, which have proved to be each the best of its kind. The three varieties mature in perfect succession. Burpee’s Golden Bantam Burpee’s Golden Bantam is the most famous Sweet Corn in the world. It is the richest and sweetest of all. Golden Bantam is very early, and produces ears just the right size for eating from the cob. Burpee’s Golden Bantam is a hardy variety and can be planted a week before other varieties. Pkt. 10 cts.; %4 Ib. 25 cts.; Ib. 45 cts., postpaid. Burpee’s Howling Mob When this corn was first offered at market by the originator it became so popular that crowds gathered around his stand. Really, a mob howled for this delicious corn, and so it was called Howling Mob. Burpee’s Howling Mob is one of the best-flavored and most tender of all second-early white sweet corns. It usually produces two large ears to a stalk. It is very productive and is the earliest white sweet com of really high quality. Pkt. 10 cts.; % Ib. 20 cts.; Ib. 35 cts., postpaid. Burpee’s White Evergreen Burpee’s White Evergreen is the most widely grown and finest of all mid-season varieties. The ears are long and thick, closely set with large deep grains. Its most valuable features are the extreme white- ness of the kernels and the remarkably sweet flavor. Pkt. 10 cts.; 4 Ib. 25 cts,; lb, 40 cts., postpaid. For $1.00 we will mail one pound each of these three grand Burpee varieties of Sweet Corn. BURPEE’S ANNUAL, The Leading American Seed Catalog, will be mailed to you free. Write for your copy to-day. COPYRIGHT, 1921, BY W. ATLEE BURPEE CO., PHILADELPHIA, PA. > ‘ er ‘ga _W. Atlee Burpee Co. Seed Growers Philadelphia ee THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, N. Y. Planting Dahlias Currants and Gooseberries Blind Tulips The Garden Neighbors Own Number GARDEN MAGAZINE 25CENTS a a Vol. XXXV. No. 3 Doubleday, Page & Company - Garden (ity, New York Boston Los -Angeles | (hicago May, 1922 ill NE a eee ETAT MMM uti UTD LTT TMT TC TTT The Strong Arm of Correct Defense May is the month when or preparedness counts most! % A winter of unprecedented mildness has carried myr- iads of larve and insect eggs into the new season ch. in perfect shape. Unusual- > ly advanced vegetation | offers many tender morsels to the ravenous // hordes. Are you prepared to meet your ij garden’s enemies? Take steps right now, to | secure the handy Slug Shot Duster which | you'll find with Hammond’s Slug Shot, at all Good Dealers Since 1880, Slug Shot has helped the nation to better crops in garden and field. For forty consecu- tive years it has been a safe remedy to fight the Colorado Potato Beetle, the most costly enemy of America’s second greatest crop. It is also recognized as a most reliable remedy to fight Cabbage Worms, Cucumber and Melon Beetles, Aster Beetles and other leaf-chewing insects. While it does the work well, it has never been known to injure plant, human or animal life. | fr R6L-B Te ful ? Hammond's Slug Shot is put up in 5-lb., 10- Ib. and 25-lb. Bags, and in 125-lb. Kegs and Bar- rels of 250 Ibs. in bulk, with a tin Duster in each keg, bulk and bar- rel, also in 1-lb. Sifting Top Cartons and in 1- lb. Tin Canisters. es (4 — Shot ¢ ‘. seal Inplegpats for hopin Slué The larger the pack- : oo sede aieronemiaa Slug Shot is Sold by the Seedsmen of America : “Insects and Blights’” Helps Keep Gardens Healthy For thirty-eight consecutive years our modest guide to better gardens for more subtle plant enemies. Blight and fungus diseases are more has helped planters to destroy or prevent insects and diseases injurious deadly than creeping pests, and, in fighting the diseases that attack to plants. Nearly half a century of intensive study has helped us to vegetable tissue proper or pests that suck plants’ life blood, call to compound reliable remedies for leaf-chewing insects as well as others your aid the following— THRIP JUICE COPPER SOLUTION GRAPE DUST A contact insecticide that A most satisfactory preventative A practical, economical and = quickly and effectively de- against Rust, Leaf Spot and effective remedy against pow- = stroys Aphis, Mealy Bug, Blight, attacking Grapes, Roses, dery mildew on Cucumbers, NS White Fly and other pests thriv- Tomatoes and Carnations. Itis Gooseberry, Parsley, and Melon N ing on plant juice. Equally equally useful to fight Blight and Vines. It counteracts the pow- NS effective in the greenhouse «as Anthracnose on Beans, Pears and dery mildew on Grapes, and is N outdoors, on trees, shrubs or Quinces while it is also an active equally useful outdoors as under R ‘ plants. agent against mildew. glass. N . NS Hammond’s Gold Medal Remedies are sold at Most Reliable Seed Stores i \ SN .SN zo scape iae cheese | \ === Hammon aint an ae hot Works : . : ow N shoes“ ye N Wy y Ud TRADE «MARE ins ios Lae TE) \N eee SS BEACON NEW YORK MM MMMM acm innit iii MMMM LL UL CCL TATUTTTINTTUTT TTT TMLA TT TUnnaT TTT lit The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 159 Highest quality garden hose made. 7 plies of strong cotton cloth held together with live rub- ber. Lengths bought 14 years ago still in use. Made like Butt Dos, but with 6 plies instead of 7. Lightest garden hose to lift and lightest on the purse. Get the Full Joy of Gardening by having the right things to work with. Cheap shabby hose is a constant temptation to let the garden go thirsty. Good hose, properly cared for, is a Joy to use and will last for years. Ask your dealer to show you our three standard brands of Moulded hose with a 5th Arie ti ide ae i tea corrugated cover. As sths garden hose sold at good hardware stores nancy Boleprooinecee throughout the country. den hose can be made. BOSTON WOVEN HOSE AND RUBBER COMPANY 156 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 160 The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 MONA = ENMU MMMM MMMM MMMM NM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMM UUM MO NUM ON N MUO MN UMMMMOD NN M ONO DMN LOUD ICTS Ferns and Fall-Blooming Wild Flowers for May Planting NY of my forty-two kinds of native Ferns may be planted safely during May. Some of the exquis- itely beautiful ones are the maidenhair, the prickly shield fern, the male fern, the spinulose wood fern, the narrow- leaved spleenwort, the bladder ferns, the beech ferns, the ostrich fern, the royal fern and the woodsias. Plant them in irregular clumps, and combine them with the MAY, 1922 THEGARDEN MAGAZINE CONTENTS COVER DESIGN: “MARY, MARY, QUITE CONTRARY” Ann Noble baneberries, butterfly weed, asters, white snakeroot, closed DEENIOGD) IN SLOWER ; Pee 5 5 O . . ce piicaisce Oh Glas ence gentian, helenium, liatris, cardinal flower, meadow rue, Photograph by Arthur G. Eldredge etc. You can design hundreds of dainty combinations THE CHARM OF THE LILAC - - - - - = = - - = 166 ; : Photograph by E. H. Lincoln for midsummer and autumn effects, showing a wide A VIEW IN DR. SARGENT’S GARDEN - - - = - - - 167 Photograph by Arthur G. Eldredge THE MONTH’S REMINDER: WHEN TO DO WHAT YOU variety of seasonable color. Group them along shaded paths, or down in the meadow, WANT TO DO - - - =< 090 sclkete= Seams or around the house and in unsightly fence corners. WHY DAHLIAS DELIGHT - - - Charlton Burgess Bolles 170 Photograph by Harry Coutant They require no hoeing or raking or pruning or spraying. CONQUERING THE RESTRICTED AREA - - E. C. Stiles 172 Photographs and plan by the author CONVERTING WASTE PLACES TO BEAUTY W ld Webb 17 Photographs by J. Anthony Bill ale ; Just give them woodsy soil, a congenial location, and a normal amount of moisture and they will care for them- selves. OUR GARDEN OF “GLADS” -.- - - Rose Blair Marsh 176 Ms: U i C 1 f 1 2 Photographs by the author y Unusua atalogue for 192 WILL YOUR TULIPS COME BLIND? - - - A. B. Stout 177 : 3 0 5 Photographs by the author is by far the most complete and interesting issue I have GRAFTING THE WILD CHERRY - - Archibald Rutledge 178 ever published. It describes and illustrates all the worth- while native shrubs, evergreens, wild flowers, and ferns. It gives cultural directions that are easily understood and followed. And it tells all about my Service Organiza- tion of naturalistic experts and how they can help you in establishing Wild Flower Sanctuaries, Bird Sanctuaries, CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES IN THE. HOME GARDEN - - - - = - = = = = John L. Doan 179 THE INTRICATE PROBLEM OF THE SMALL GARDEN 18] Plan and photographs supplied by Ruth Dean, L. A. HOW ACID IS AN ACID SOIL? - = = Edgar T. Wherry 184 SOME SUMMER ANTICIPATIONS = = - - - - - = 185 : AT FLORA’S FEET - - - - - = = = Leonard Barron 186 Wild Woodland Gardens, Rock Gardens, Bog Gardens, Photographs by Edwin Levick, Mattie E. Hewitt and Coburn Water Gardens—any form of naturalistic planting you may have in mind. Write for your copy fo-day. You'll find it as fascinating as any novel. TEACHING POOR KIDDIES TO GARDEN - = - - =- - 190 GARDENING WITH WILD FLOWERS Amelia Leavitt Hill 191 Illustrations furnished by the author THREE RELIABLE EVERGREENS FOR THE NORTHERN Edward Gillett, Fern and Flower. Farm Southwick, Mass. GREAT PLAINS © <== = Maynard Hl. Hardy 194 C 524 Chestnut Street Photographs by the author a Ae ae i PHILADELPHIA, PA. AMONG OUR GARDEN NEIGHBORS - = = = = = = - 195 THE OPEN COLUMN - - - - - - - - - = = - = 196 Photographs -by N. R. Graves, Mattie E. Hewitt, J. Horace McFarland Co., and others THE IRON FETTERS OF QUARANTINE = = = = = = 204 LEONARD Barron, Editor VOLUME XXXV, No. 3 Subscription $3.00 a Year; for Canada, $3.35; Foreign, $3.65 COPYRIGHT, 1922, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY GARDEN CITY, N. Y. Curcaco: Peoples Gas Bldg. Boston: Tremont Bldg. Los AnGELEs: Van Nuys Bldg. New York: 120 W. 32nd St. F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President ARTHUR W. PAGE, RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY, NELSON DOUBLEDAY, Secretary Vice-Presidents S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer JOHN J. HESSIAN, Asst. Treasurer Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York, under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 IC UO TN TE ESOS The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 Burpee's Dahlias | | Three Grand New Peony-Flowered Dahlias for 1 922 F ordhook Cerise (Burpee’s) A perfect plant of stiff and upright growth, with large flowers of a brilliant shade of rich cerise with just a suspicion of orange toward the base of the petals. An early bloomer bearing flowers profusely and continuously throughout the season. Strong roots, $1.00 each; 3 for $2.00, postpaid. Autumn Beauty (Burpee’s) One of the first to bloom, and also one of the most free and continuous bloomers. The flowers are large, with curled and twisted petals. The color is a pleasing shade of yellow and buff with a suffusion of light rose. Strong roots, $1.00 each; 3 for $2.00, postpaid. Burpee’s Dainty Queen. A stocky, free-branching plant blooming freely from early until late in the fall. The color is a most pleasing shade of rosy lavender, shading into white toward the base. The central and smaller petals are white, gradually becoming suffused with lavender towards the tips. An excellent cut-flower. Strong roots, $1.00 each; 3 for $2.00, postpaid. One strong root each of the Three, postpaid for $2.00 W. Atlee Burpee Co. Seed Growers Philadelphia. Garden Full £f Dahlias New and Rare Exhibition Dahlias Few flowers, whether used for garden decoration or principally for cut blooms to decorate the home, are as respon- sive to simple garden culture as our Modern Dahlia. It has made wonderful advancement in size of bleom, habit of growth, and profuse blooming qualities. In order to further its now great popularity, we are offering this collection of 12 Dahlia Tubers for $3.50 —one each of 12 distinct varieties, not labelled, which if purchased separately according to name would cost not less than $10.00. Order your Tubers now so as to have them ready to plant any time after the tenth of May or when all danger of frost is past. Mail rg advertisement, or present at our store, with check, money order, cash or stamps, and secure this exceptional collection, sent prepaid to any point in the United States Our 1922 Spring Seed Annual sent on request Simp ile 30-32 Barclay St. New York City Some of the famous Cherry Hill Quality of Ornamental Evergreens Large Shade Trees Flowering Shrubs Hardy Garden Per- ennials Everyone a Specimen They will add a distinction to your place that you can get in no other way. Plan to visit our nurseries and see for yourself the high- grade stock we are growing. Our acres of Peonies will be in their wonderful beauty about Mid-June. Comeand see for yourself a magnifi- cence that no words can describe. Send for catalogue ie: HURL OW S| SONS INCORPORATED (Cherry Hill Nurseries) West Newbury Mass. EATING CTE coll TAT in rT 7 im ccc NTN mm mu ALATA AAA OT El M0000 162 The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 I Ht R ti the sensational offer of Wonderful New Flowers in our recent Garden Magazine advertisement— (If you haven’t sent in your order, better do so at once) :— 1 Schling’s Wonderful New Snap- ° dragon “INDIAN SUMMER,’’ the greatest achievement in Snapdragons to date, introducing. a new and be- witching color never before seen in Snapdragons —a lovely rich velvety and glossy copper color, indescrib- ably beautiful! And as for size, it is without even a near rival. Pkt. $1.00, 6 for $5.00. 2 The New Bedding Petunia Violet ® Queen—a deep violet blue, entranc- ingly beautiful. Pkt. 50c. 2 Queen Anne’s Blue Lace Flower of ® -rare and delicate charm. Pkt. 50c. 4 The New Dahlia-Zinnia, monstrous e double flowers with broad, long, over- lapping petals. Pkt. 50c. All 4 novelties for $2.00 (or 2, 3, and 4 for $1.00) Blue Lace Flower Schling’s Perpetual Spinach! developed exclusively by ourselves, and not obtainable elsewhere. A real Spinach that you can cut and recut, and it will come and come again—not a Swiss Chard, but a big-leaved, quick-growing summer and fall Spinach which takes the place of all other varieties. A 2-ounce package which will cost you only $1.00, if you remit at once, is enough to supply the table with this delicious Spinach for a whole summer. FREE: stsctteco'ecn Schlings Se 24 West 59th St. Ngs New York Sl STUN Alexanders Dahliasd “A Hundred Forms and a Thousand Colors” The experience and knowledge gained in thirty years of Dahlia growing is of definite value to each and every one of my customers. The Dahlias offered below, fully guaranteed in every way, are backed by that knowledge and that experience. Try This Collection for $1.00 Prepaid (Sure-to-Bloom Tubers) Frank A. Walker, lavender-pink, Decorative type. Robert Broomfield, pure white, Show. Libelle, purple, Cactus. Rose-Pink Century, pink, single. Vivian, white and rose, Show. My Catalogue will give you all the necessary in- formation about planting and growing of Dahlias, including care of the tubers. It is fully illustrated. Let me send you a copy. J. K. Alexander, 27-29 Central Steeet East Bridgewater World’s Largest Dahlia Grower Mass. “The Dahlia King’’ nn nnn tnt tcc HN Will You Invest 25 Cents ; on My Say-so?—— For over a year I have worked on a book on Peonies. It is in many respects the most expensive book I have ever published, but then, as a Fan, I count the cost but little so long as the book helps to the end. “Tips and Pointers” pub- lished a year ago made a great hit. It was but a stepping stone, however, to “Unvarnished Facts,” the 10,000 edition of which is just now being completed. It is too expensive to be distributed indiscriminately, but every reader of Gar- den Magazine ought to have one. If You Grow PEONIES or are Going to YouWAll Want This Book SURE! To mention just one of the items that make this book expensive, let me mention some illustrations lithographed in eight colors, I am told by far the best color illustrations of Peonies ever published, at a cost of $750 each. But the illustrations, while good, do not represent the real meat in the book. You will find it to contain the whole truth about Peonies, from the Peony Heaven down to the Peony Purgatory. So sure am I that the book is worth all it costs that I will make you the following liberal proposition: Read the book and if you do not think it worth $1.00, I will return your 25c. and you can keep the book. Or you may deduct 25c. from the first order amounting to $5.00 so that the book really costs you nothing. When ordering, please mention this special Garden Magazine offer, while those who have never heard of me are welcome to a free copy of last year's book called “Tips and Pointers.” a Kenosha, Wisconsin os Next to ROSES , they attack the PEONIES Most! We have yet to discover limitations to the appetite of the destructive Rosebugs! Their insatiable desire to destroy all you cherish in your flower garden is the more amazing because they devour anything having delicate petals. Peonies, Poppies, Rhododendrons, Grape blos- ; soms—none are safe unless you keep on hand | the one sure remedy— | R. MELROSINE- The General Contact Insecticide - FATAL TO EVERY BUG IT TOUCHES Besides killing Rosebugs, it has been found highly ef- fective in combating most species of Plant Lice, Black Flies, Green Flies, Soft Scale Insects, Rose Leaf Hoppers, Saw Flies, Japanese Beetles, etc.,etc. New uses are being constantly reported, the dilution sometimes requiring mod- ification for heavy attacks or the more resistent species. | | Gallon Can....... ...... $6.00 Quart Can..2......05..5 $1.75 Half-Gallon Can........ 3.00 PintiGan 632s¢205...66 1.00 > Above prices do not include transportation charges / lz BUGS | Sold by many seed firms and nurseries. If no dealer in your neighborhood carries it, a trial can (enough to make one gallon of spraying solution) will be forwarded, postpaid, upon receipt of 60c. THE GARDEN CHEMICAL COMPANY NEW YORK CITY, N.Y. The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 Lilium Regale HORSFORD’S HARDY LILIES and Cold Weather Plants This new Regal Lily is the finest novelty that has been offered in years. Our Hardy Perennials, Wild Flowers, Iris, Peonies, Hardy Ferns, Vines, Shrubs, and Trees which we grow here have always given satisfaction when properly set. Trees and Shrubs that we have found tender in severe winters have been discarded from our lists. Ask for our new Annual before making up your spring orders. F. H. HORSFORD Charlotte Vermont Schulz’s Gladioli SIX WONDERS Mes. Francis King—scarlet; Mrs Frank Pendleton— large, salmon pink; Peace—white, touched carmine; Schwaben —clear yellow; Bertrex—Best white; Gretchen’ Zang—Sal- mon pink. 1 doz. of each of these varieties—$5.00 postpaid. Send for 1922 Catalogue. Everything for Your Garden at Reasonable Prices. Jacob Schulz Co. Inc., 550 S. Fourth Ave., Louisville, Ky. One of iwo Gateways erected by us on the estate of Mr. Louis F. Geissler, Fi. Salonga, L. I. BLENDING with the landscape and in complete harmony with trees, shrubbery, grass and flowers, Jersey Keystone Rustic Furniture fits in with the natural surroundings and avoids any artificial effect in your grounds. It is made from enduring White Cedar which retains the bark and gives that picturesque effect permanently. The Double Gate-way, Columns and Fence shown above, are included in our beautiful catalogue of Rustic Cedar:- SUMMER HOUSES TRELLISES PERGOLAS SEATS AND SETTEES ARCHES TABLES AND CHAIRS BIRD HOUSES, Etc. We will be glad to send you the catalogue THE JERSEY KEYSTONE WOOD CO. 219 East Hanover St. Trenton, N. J. LAY Ye VL dddiiiiiddidiiissssisssssbhdddl, \CLLLLIDLZZZ tte SOON AAA Totty for “Mums ESE, last and all the time Every Proven Kind for Every Purpose, in all Classes SPECIAL OFFER: HARDY “MUMS Twenty plants, comprismg many TYPES de- livered prepaid at the proper time for plant- ing this month, to any address for $5.00 Our Catalogue—a veritable index to all worth-while new and old floral novelties—will gladly be mailed free on request Chas. H. Totty Company New Jersey Madison A Dozen Daisies Everybody loves daisies, so we offer a dozen different kinds of hardy daisy-like flower plants in white, pink, purple and yellow for $2.50 carriage paid, or 5 of each for $10.00. The collection includes several kinds of white daisies flowering throughout the season. Some of the best Michaelmas daisies, Doronicum, purple cone flower, pink Boltonia, and Persian Daisy. Let’s get acquainted. Send for my little catalogue. Hardy Plants for the Home Garden, gladly sent free to any address. Small but interesting. W. A. TOOLE Garry-nee-Dule Baraboo, Wis. 163 > The nee Ten aha Book Bound in its wrappings of willow green, this new Ten-Ten Book has all the good points of last year’s book and a lot of new ones besides. Again we've listed the ten best of everything from seeds, to shrubs and trees. You can make = your selections without a lot of fussing through 28 armlong lists. = Send for the Ten-Ten now. RJulius Reehrs Co of The Tree Box 10 therford NJ SS SECS 164 The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 cal i Se hae ee Hyacinths, = — A. aN = = ON La Grandesse w Se ar — ke White. Narcissus, ¥ ~ = a ee: a doz. Empress, kes 4 ; oN 15.00 per Monster Sizes 5 A fn \ hundred. $1.00 per doz. eB : =A ——— 2], $7.75berhun. “ i ae VF FROM HOLLAND be anne TO YOU— CA Tulips. THE WORLD’S BEST BULBS peta : , $ .70 per doz., $5.00 per hundred j Qy The world’s leading producer of high grade bulbs is the picturesque country of — Holland. Every year from this toyland of painted roofs, wandering dikes, and Bulbs Mean Flowers in Your Home or Garden sky-blue tiles we import bulbs of unequalled quality and of many A glance at our price list will show that it is far cheaper to grow your varieties, bringing color and fragrance to flower-lovers all over America. own flowers than to buy them already potted. For a few cents each Picked By Expert Horticulturists you can grow hyacinths, tulips, and narcissi which would cost $1.00 a There are thousands of growers of bulbs in Holland, but the best flowers plant or more in a retail shop. Grown in the home they will brighten come from bulbs perfected by specialists who have spent their lives your rooms from Christmas to Easter. working with certain varieties. In fact, the perfection of some of the Hol- The bulbs require very little care. Simply plant them in soil from your garden, or use soil land bulbs is actually the work of several generations. Because of our nea Seeaeionaliy-atd vheyiace well raced. ‘Tien bring them ont to tal ehieenateee long experience and many visits with the best Holland horticulturists vals of ten days so that you may have a succession of flowers. When the buds are ready we are able to obtain for you their finest products at a reasonable cost. to open, you may transplant the bulbs to jardinieres, fern dishes, or bowls if you wish. Flowers Are Gay and Sympathetic Companions Why You Must Order Quickly If you grow flowers yourself you not only have the enjoyment of watch- We import bulbs to order only and must have word not later than July 1st ing them through all the interesting stages of their development, but from old or new customers who want part of this year’s shipment. By you will also enjoy their beauty the year round and at a fraction of the ordering at once you get a special discount on a quality of bulbs not usually price you would have to pay at your florist’s. to be obtained in the United States at any price. We have a large list of varieties. If you wish to experience the A FEW SPECIAL PRICES pleasure of seeing these exquisite flowers blooming in your home Read What These People Say: i i Admiration of the town! ‘“‘I want to tell you how If Ordered Before July 1st or garden next season, we urge you to write at once. Delivery et a ee pe ee RL Lope is will be made by the end of September or early in October. the town, and have given us untold pleasure. Numbers Exhibition Hyacinths Doz.Hund. 3 of my friends have asked me to order for them. Each La Grandesse Pure White $2.00 $15.00 Send At Once For Beautiful Free Booklet : Seon se Une ec orS peeeated peep) Grande Blanche Bee We ZOD) Vou Whether or not you have ever grown flowers you will be fasci- Eb Wh Shp Winloationraa, Aue Rosea Maxima _—_ Delicate Blush I i nated with our booklet, attractively illustrated in color, showing PE regUT ST Keira Real en EnTEe liva Us econo Enchantress Light Blue z ! a thousand varieties of bulbs and giving complete instructions you. By Easter, all the hyacinths ‘and tulips showed Jango, 2 3 9 7 G atur. 2) < City of Haarlem Best Yellow . : for growing them successfully in either your house or garden. SSGIAHORL INAS GREED O) DLE SReseilos con, Guan Second sized Hyacinths in all best cheaper mixtures, far surpasses that often sold at much VATICLICSS «Malena ere P 4 Cc t Out and Mail the Cou on Toda higher prices.”—R. C. Toe eames City, Mo. Miniature Hyacinths in separate = s Pp vy Nothing short of wonderfull “I have in my front Colors’ «os ge eah mooie orsend us a line and we shall be pleased to send you, free of charge, window, as the admiration of all the passersby, the finest * . 2 group of tulips ever seen in this city. With their gorgeous Tulips this truly unusual booklet. Or better still, order now from the Pai tite hyn naar A aaa Yell : Mon Tresor ellow 6.00 accompanying list and we shall send the booklet at once and fill nothing short of wonderful.” — J. A. S., Portland, Me. Tady pont Pose White 70 5. your order as soon as possible after the bulbs arrive from Holland. Keiserkroon Red & Yellow : Our reputation as one of the oldest and most reliable seed, shrub, and plant houses MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY Rose Grisdelin Beautiful Pink 6! 5 in America is a guarantee of fairness and satisfaction. Enjoy the fragrance ofthese YWdedededo do do dodedode doe dete do dodo dodo wooo toweJto J Narcissi or Daffodils really remarkable flowers. Make your home and your neighborhood more beautiful. Elliott Nursery Co., Order your bulbs today. They need not be paid for until after delivery. 507 Magee Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. Kindly send me Free Booklet about Import- ed Dutch Bulbs with full directions how to LLIOTT NURSERY Co. {2285 e 507 Magee Bldg. Established 35 years Pittsburgh, Pa. Cig a med BS Stub ee : Our bulb business is one of the largest in the world KECETECEEEEETTTE ETRE EE EEREPR Paper White Monster Sizes GoldenSpurSelect Rich Yellow Emperor Mon- Yellow Nolo} Empress ster White & Yellow Von Sion _) Sizes Double Yellow Poeticus Ornatus White 55 Sulphur Phoenix Yellow & White .80 Booklet lists many other varieties MONININA Wn AI-~1n0O 33s The Garden Vol. XXXV, No. 3 MAGAZINE May, 1922 ie eae Pie “STARRY DOGWOOD IS IN FLOWER, * * * * * * * IT IS BEAUTY’S PERFECT HOUR.” Bliss Carman, The gleam of Dogwood against the sober green of Cedars makes a peculiarly effective contrast, linking May’s transient glory with the steadfastness of the evergreen; the pink variety (Cornus florida rubra) is here pictured 165 The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 %. E. H. Lincoln, Photo. “ALL THE AIR IS HONEY-SWEET WITH THE LILACS WHITE AND RED.” Bliss Carman Flowers that are a heritage from the gardens of our grandmothers and great-grandmothers seem invested with a special charm, and science has lent the Lilac of to-day fresh grace of form The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 167 ive Arthur G. Eldredge, Photo. “DOWN ITS ENCHANTED BORDERS GLAD RANKS OF COLOR STAND, LIKE HOSTS OF SILENT SERAPHIM AWAITING LOVE’S COMMAND” Bliss Carman In its fine balance between the craving of man for orderly beauty and nature’s more riotous methods, the garden at “Holmlea”’ is utterly satisfying. Without any appearance of artifice, yet with all the advantages of skilled and knowledgeable care, Lilacs, Roses, Tree Peonies, Deutzias, Iris effortlessly merge their abundant flowering into the native landscape—a point to remem- ber. Garden of Dr. C. S. Sargent, Brookline, Mass.. WHEN TO DO WHAT YOU WANT TO DO four hundred feet of altitude. more attention is essential for the successful future of the gar- den, and indeed for the comfort and pleasure of the gardener Returns will be in proportion to present industry, and neglect What as well. at this time will result in more and much harder work later on. W is pleasant exercise to-day may become a laborious necessity a little later. About the Grounds Any patching of the lawns to be completed at once and don’t wait too long before cutting grass. Planting of deciduous stock to be com- pleted and evergreens moved before growth starts. Apply a good mulch after thoroughly watering late planted stock. Late in the month spray for the elm-leaf beetle, using an arsenate. Before the leaves expand destroy caterpillar nests on the trees by means of a kerosene torch. After the caterpillars have hatched they must be poisoned by spraying the leaves with an arsenate. Prune all early flowering shrubs as soon as they are through flowering. Hydrangeas to be watered with alum water if blue flowers are required, though the effect may not develop till next year. Fruit Garden Many of the small fruits may yet be planted, but not with the same prospect of good crops as assured by earlier planting. Keep hoe and cultivator constantly at work not only to check weeds but to loosen and aérate the soil. Give the strawberry patch an application of fertilizer, raking it in, and spread a mulch of straw or lawn clippings to keep the fruit clean. A sharp lookout should be kept for currant worm which soon strips the leaves off the bushes. Hellebore powder applied with bellows early in the morning while the leaves are yet wet with dew is effective, or arsenates. Spray fruit trees (1) as the buds swell, (2) when the blossoms show pink, and (3) as the last of the petals are falling. Use lime-sulphur 1-40; lead arsenate 1-20; nicotine (as Black Leaf 40) 1 pint to 100 gallons water, for scale, codling moth, and aphis, respectively. Mildew on Gooseberries is controlled by the sulphide of potassium. Sow cover crops in the orchard where intercropping with vegetables or other things is not done; these to be plowed under when a good stand is obtained. If this is not practical, mulch round the trees with leaves, lawn clippings, grass weeds, previously scattering 4 or 5 lbs. of acid phosphate around each large tree as far as the spread of the branches. Vegetable Garden Light and frequent cultivation of early planted crops now breaking through the soil not only prevents the weeds from getting ahead, but prevents loss of much needed moisture by arresting the capil- lary ascent of water when it meets the layer of well worked sur- face soil. Thin out young vegetable seedlings as soon as the second true leaves show. Overcrowding is detrimental. Underground worms which attack such root crops as Beets, Radishes, etc., may be controlled by lime, soot, or tobacco dust scattered over the ground before planting, lightly raked in. Che Month's Reminder MAY—MOVING TOWARD THE MAXIMUM Herein are listed the seasonal activities for the complete garden. Details of how to do each item may be found in the current or the back issues of THE GARDEN MaGAzINE—it is manifestly impossible to make each number of the magazine a complete manual of practice. References to back numbers may be looked up in the index to each completed volume (sent gratis on request); the Service Department will also be glad to cite references to any special topic if asked by mail and to send personal replies to specific ques- tions; a stamped, addressed envelope being enclosed. ; : i When referring to the time for out-door work of any sort New York City (latitude 40) at sea level in a normal season is taken as standard; but at best dates can only be approximate. Roughly, the season advances northward fifteen miles a day. Thus Albany, which is one hundred and fifty miles from New York, would be about ten days later, and Philadelphia, which is ninety miles southwest, about a week earlier. Also allow four days for each degree of latitude, for each five degrees of longitude, and for each (Copyright, 1922, Doubleday, Page &3 Co.) Keep the asparagus bed clear of weeds. Cut off seed pods of Rhubarb plants. _If seeding is persistent, the roots ~ need moving, so make a note for future use. Get in poles for Tomatoes (or, if trellises are used, get them into place) prior to setting out the plants after all danger of killing frosts is past. Harden off and set out late in the month Egeg-plants, Peppers, Musk- melons, Watermelons, and Cucumbers. Weather and local conditions must be the guide if you do not use protectors. Seeds may now be planted in drills or hills. On light soils planting in rows on level ground is satisfactory. Rich ground is essential. Well rotted manure, pulverized sheep manure, and ground bone, are excellent supplements to good natural soil. Lettuce to be sown every two weeks to keep up aregular supply. After the middle of the month sow the Crisp-head varieties like Iceberg and New York (see pages 116-118 April GARDEN MaGAzINeE). Strmg Beans to be sown regularly every two weeks. All sorts of Pole Beans may be planted now. Set the poles first, using manure and fertilizer in the hill. Several sowings of Peas to be made during the month, making drills deeper than for the earlier sowings. Make succession sowings of Beets and Carrots. Endive to be sown in small quantities at frequent intervals to maintain regular supply. Corn to be sown as soon as the ground is fit and plant successions at short intervals. Try planting one row each of an early, midseason, and late kind at one time. Early Celery to be planted out. Seed of late Celery for winter use to be sown at once, if not already done; also Celeriac which requires a long season of growth. Make up a seed bed outdoors and sow such Brassicas as Late Cabbage, Cauliflower, Brussels Sprouts, Kale, etc. Chicory, or French Endive, to be sown to secure roots for forcing next winter. Sow Okra when the ground becomes really warmed. As insect and other pests will soon become active, see that supplies of necessary spraying materials are on hand. Flower Garden Perennials still to be shifted or thinned out to be attended to at once. Where early plants are not available from greenhouse or hotbed, all kinds may be sown in the open ground for blooming in July. Lupines, Candytuft, Calendulas, Nasturtiums, Eschscholtzias, Lavatera, etc. are better sown where they are to flower, and thinned. Others may be sown in prepared beds, and transferred as occasion requires. Portulaca, Petunia, and Nicotiana are slow to germinate in open ground, hence allow plenty of time. The more hardy things may be sown early in the month; and the tender ones toward the end. Achillea cut to the ground when it has finished flowering, will give a second crop of bloom late in the season. Delphiniums to be kept staked up; remove all seed pods, and feed frequently with liquid manure. Iris need an abundance of water after flowering. Roses will be opening leaves by the first week of the month; spray against mildew with 4 oz. sulphide of potassium to a gallon of water. When the buds form, give manure-water. Use whale-oil soap 1 lb. to 8 gallons water for aphis. Cultivate to keep down The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 weeds and to retain soil moisture. Pansies set in the rose bed add not a little to the general appearance, but make cultivation more difficult. Rose blooms to be cut in the early morning before the sun strikes them; if put in a cool place in fresh water for a few hours before being placed in the house they will keep much better. Sweet-peas need well fertilized ground, plenty of moisture, and the roots kept cool by a mulch. Bedding out may be started in earnest some time after the middle of the month, according to locality. Begin with the more hardy things and be careful to thoroughly harden-off such tender subjects as Cannas, Coleus, etc. Prepare a bed for sowing perennials and biennials for next season’s garden. ' Prepare ground for summer flowering bulbs and tubers, of which the Gladiolus and Dahlias are the most popular; Tuberous Begonias are useful for shady beds; the Evening Star (Cooperia Drum- mondii) has pure white flowers; Lilies include auratum, speciosum, tigrinum, etc., the common Day-lilies (Funkia and Hemerocallis) may be added. Peonies will be benefited when the buds show, by surface dressing of sheep manure, nitrate of soda, or liquid manure. Early Asters to go outdoors as soon as possible in well prepared ground; rotted barnyard manure is best, but failing this, commercial potato fertilizer. Window boxes to be repaired, and new ones made and filled as soon as possible. A generous compost is essential, since a great number of plants are crowded into a limited space, and they must be well fed if they are to look their best right along. A layer of manure in the bottom of the box, with a compost of three parts good garden soil and one part manure mixed together, and a six-inch pot of bone meal to each bushel of soil will give the plants a good start. Lily-of-the-valley may still be planted outdoors; rather moist position with some shade suits best. It is not too late to plant Aquatics. Nymphaeas may be grown suc- cessfully in tanks, vats, or barrel ends in pools or sunk in the ground. The Frames These will now be fully occupied with annuals and bedding plants de- manding water more freely, and ample ventilation with a view to dispensing altogether with the sash before setting the occupants outdoors. As space is cleared, lightly fork over the soil and prepare to sow perennials, and biennials. Hills may be prepared, and Cucumbers of the English frame type sown to occupy the frames for the rest of the summer. Melons may be used in this way too. The young Carnation plants hardening in the frames may be planted outside. Keep well cultivated, and growths pinched, since upon the treatment they receive now depends to a great extent their success next winter. The Greenhouses Next winter’s supply of flowers must be thought of now. As soon as possible empty the houses of all hard-wooded plants such as Aza- leas, Genistas, Acacias, Bougainvilleas, etc., plunging them out- doors to ripen their wood. Begonias, Gloxinias, and other flowering plants grown in the green- house, to be well fed; Cyclamen and Primulas may be placed in coldframes, and slightly shaded. Plants of Winter-flowering Begonias need attention before they become pot-bound. Give a light compost made up of a good deal of flaky 169 leaf-mold, good loam, screened cow manure, and sand, and a temperature of 60 to 62 degrees at night. The flowering season of Amaryilis being past, the plants may be placed in frames, and plunged up to the rims. Give weak liquid manure once a week at first and twice later on; syringe every fine day, and see that they are not in need of water. Any attention given now while making their growth will be repaid when the next flowering season comes. Gardenias should be planted early. Clean benches and a rich, porous soil and good drainage are necessary. Syringe well every day after planting, to ward off insect pests and mealy bugs. A night temperature of 70 degrees suits. Stocks for winter flowering to be sown now. Princess Alice, and Beauty of Nice are good types. Grow cool. Show Pelargoniums now coming into flower will justify all the care given them during the next few weeks. Fumigate to keep free from aphis, and keep the greenhouse cool and airy, with no direct rays of sun on the plants. Bulbs of Achimenes started in heat late in March will now have made some growth, and two or three of the bulbs may be placed to- gether in pans or baskets, and gradually inured to the greenhouse, where they will provide a blaze of color. Light shading is neces- sary. Adiantums in large pots that were rested during the winter will now — have a dense crop of young fronds. Any not repotted will be benefited by weak doses of liquid manure once a week. A little shade will keep the frond a dark uniform color. A. Croweanum and A. cuneatum require a night temperature of 60 degrees with 70 to 75 degrees sun heat during the day. A. Farleyense requires from 65 to 70 degrees at night. Chrysanthemums for exhibition to be kept growing without a check. A good soil is turfy loam, with one third well rotted cow manure and a sprinkling of bone meal. Do not over water, and attend to tying, staking, pinching, and keeping the plants free from aphis. Bouvardias may be planted out in loamy soil, and pinched back three or four times during the summer to make husky plants for lifting in the fall. ; Snapdragons for winter flowering to be started. Melons for a midseason crop to be started now. They will produce a crop in about 14 weeks (September); any of the English forcing types may be used. The rose benches to be cleaned out and painted with hot whitewash before any replanting is done. If the plants are to be carried over another year, dry off gradually in order to rest them; but do not over-do it, or they may take a permanent rest. Among the Orchids Calanthes may be started into growth in flats of sand. Pot the bulbs when the roots are quite short. Pot firmly and water sparingly until the roots get into the soil. Another useful terrestrial Orchid is Phaius grandiflora, which will soon be in flower. It needs a tem- perature of 60 degrees at night, a good water supply, and weak cow manure to strengthen the flower spikes. Odontoglossums are now in the height of their season. The plants need full sun for some time longer to redden up their leaves, thus making them tough to withstand the heat of summer. All enjoy more water at the roots now. A temperature of 55 degrees at night is ample for them. A light spraying on bright days is beneficial. Protect the flower spikes from snails by wrapping cotton wool around the base of the spikes. When Dogwood flowers are open- ing, corn-planting time 1s come WHYDAHLIAS SBE Rien CHARLTON BURGESS BOLLES Wide Diversity of Form and Hue—Adaptability to Garden Conditions Everywhere—Freedom from Disease and Insect Pests—Simple Requirements in the Way of Soil and Cultivation SYBHY do you grow DahliasP I make various answers, i Ne all truthful, to this question | am sometimes asked. »| Because I cannot help it! Because the rewards are so er full for so little effort! Because | love color, and grow- ing Dahlias is an easy way of making my garden as gay and many-colored as an Oriental rug! Like the Peony, the Dahlia seems practically immune from most of the inevitable pests and plant diseases to which the other favorites of the garden are heir. Hosts of amateurs can be found who have never experienced any trouble worth mentioning. One enthusiast had ten years of complete freedom from pests, but in the next season, in a suburb where poultry keeping was not proper grasshoppers stripped his blooms to the centre. The beginner can confidently take up Dahlia grow- ing, sure of an excellent crop of blooms and tubers year after year, freer of insect and disease annoyances than any other gardener in whatsoever line. Dahlias are a far surer crop than Corn or Potatoes. I once demonstrated, on a measured acre of infertile, hard clay soil, a good crop of blooms and a harvest of large and abundant tubers, while Potatoes and Corn growing alongside were complete failures. Of course, the list of insect enemies ‘and plant diseases that have afflicted the Dahlia here and there is a considerable one. Insects injure Dahlias in one locality that have never been seen in a lifetime somewhere else. But one Dahlia tuber absolutely ensures anywhere from a score to half a hundred perfect flowers, sometimes fifty in bloom at one time on a single plant! A dozen, or say twenty tubers, means five hundred or a thousand gorgeous flowers. And how the plants multiply! Each tuber produces from eight to eighteen others—the average is thirteen. The Dahlia has had its ups and downs in the public’s fickle mind. Yet | doubt if any garden bloom has enjoyed a more spectacular rise into favor or more marvellous development, unless one excepts Holland’s Tulip craze. Ve =<, NTHUSIASTS find language inadequate to describe and characterize their favorite. One man, an amateur for years, now giving all his time as a commercial grower to the Dahlia, believes that it is the most gorgeous, brilliant, dazzling flower found in the temperate zone—the bloom that sells at sight as a cut flower. Another grower calls it the flower able to express itself in as many wonderful forms as the Chrysanthe- mum, but with five times as much variety of foliage. A third de- votee claims that it outclasses the Rose in color combinations and number of vivid shades; blooming continuously from mid-July un- til killed by frost. It may well be deemed the Rose of autumn. The amateur can raise larger, finer, more beautiful Dahlias than the professional, commercial grower—after he knows how! He can sit up nights with his pets and count it all joy. But numberless flower lovers in the United States have never seen that beautiful, amazing thing, a Dahlia Show. A clergyman wrote me in February, from a latitude that was then enjoying zero temperature, asking if it was too late to start Dahlia tubers “for this year’s blooming.” A remarkably successful man whose profession was business engineering had Dahlias planted on his fine suburban property, remarking that he supposed they grew about like Tulips. A hydro-engineer, who has built gigantic electrical installations all over the globe told me sorrowfully that his Dahlias were a failure, and I found’ that he had planted each field clump exactly as it had been dug the autumn previously. 170 Many plant the tuber vertically in the ground, with the sprout almost visible, and if the plants are so unfortunate as to be near the kitchen they receive a daily “watering” from hose or dishpan. After frost the poor tubers are laid up on a warm shelf in the cellar, or put near the furnace out of mistaken and unfortunate goodwill. Peradventure, with a different tempera- ment, they are stacked up near the cellar door, and Jack Frost does his perfect work for the commercial brother with a catalog. ULTIVATION of the Dahlia is comparatively simple. The tuber, or green plant, whichever is chosen, is planted six inches deep in April, May, June, or the first half of July, according to climatic conditions, in soil deeply plowed or dug, moderately but never excessively rich. A generous handful of bonemeal for each tuber may be safely added. The surface of the soil is kept free of weeds; and by a three to four inch deep stirring with hoe or cultivator, drying out of the earth is pre- vented until blooming time, when cultivation should never exceed two inches in depth, because feeding roots are now near the surface. A top dressing of fertilizers once a week for im- provement of blooms after flowering has begun make the results as certain as anything can be in horticulture. Dahlias, like Roses, abominate wet feet. A generous portion of the soil of the plot should be humus. Fifty per cent. of average, ordinary soil is not soil at all, but air and water. If you can add only twenty-five per cent. of humus (composted, decayed vegetable matter) you increase the air content and at the same time wonderfully increase the ground’s moisture- holding capacity. Dahlias are sometimes failures, usually due to too rich rather than too poor soil; too early and too shallow planting, too much rather than too little water. Plants that are tall, luxuriant, rankly growing, bearing few blooms, are either in soil too rich in nitrogen, or they do not have sunshine enough, or they have too much water. Any one of these con- ditions is likely to result in poor and scanty flowering. The home gardener sometimes allows all three conditions to afflict his cherished plants. Cultivation with rake, hoe, or horse-drawn implement is the one rule that has no variation, and applies equally to every locality and to all climates. Cultivation will produce fine Dahlias in any soil; the lack of it means failure though all else be supplied. There seems to be unanimous agreement that barnyard and stable manure is the best of all the animal manure fertilizers for Dahlias, applied well rotted, not green, when the soil is suf- ficiently poor to require it. Good average farm or garden soil will not need it for a first year’s planting. Bonemeal is the ideal Dahlia fertilizer. It seems impossible to use too much of it. One hundred pounds to three hundred square feet will do no harm; a coffeecupful for each tuber when planted in holes. Decomposing slowly, it will be even better the second year than the first, for Dahlias may be planted upon the same ground year in and year out. Bonemeal is rich in phos- phoric acid and affords the plants a slow, safe supply. Seed cannot be produced without this element. With the addition of wood ashes, a generous handful per plant, raked in at bloom- ing time to intensify brilliancy of color and give strength to tuber growth (for all root crops require potash), anywhere, anytime, nothing is better than bonemeal. A complete potato fertilizer with the addition of an equal bulk of bonemeal is a combination that brings excellent results. The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 Harry Coutant, Photo, DECORATIVE DAHLIA KING OF THE AUTUMN CONOUERING UGE RESTRICTED AREA E: (CesSeBS Landscape Architect Utilizing Areas on Different Sides of a Street—Masterly Handling of Separated Plots of Ground to Give the Appearance of One by Eliminating Boundaries Whoever the designer, it 1s a partic- ularly successful piece of work. The piece of land upon which the garden has been built is separated from the house by a broad alley-way. The residence proper fronts upon.and is well set back from a quiet village street, and there was no room for development except at the rear. The existence of the alley-way was entirely disregarded and land on the other side of it was acquired, and though framed in by sheds, back yards etc., it has been so planted that the very exis- tence of the alley-way is rendered unnoticeable from either garden or house. Cleverly located screen plant- ings have at maturity entirely hidden every objectionable feature of the surroundings, while at the same time revealing the surrounding roof-lines. A large stone-flagged and balus- traded terrace was run along the rear of the residence; whence one may overlook the garden below with- out ever a thought of the alley-way. The steps in front of the terrace seem to lead directly into the garden. In a similar manner, when viewed (4 chance in a small town of western Pennsylvania, and, 4& from local information, I believe that it may have been ‘“\? the work of the late Oglesby Paul of Philadelphia. 7 i il a \ ERE PLAN OF THE PROPERTY 172 WHO CAN FIND THE ALLEY-WAY? | A clever conception, cleverly executed to conceal unattractive features which could not be done away with and conveying a sense of unity and se- clusion in the heart of a crowded, cut-up district. Vista from the foot of the garden shown above and at left a view from terrace steps from the garden, the house is apparently directly connected with it, the pairs of steps giving the appearance of but one. flight instead of two. The final element in the success of the com- position lies in the clever use of plants in the garden area. Of course, every gardener knows that a design is merely the initial step and that the real test of any successful garden is the ability to develop and maintain it so as to ultimately bear out the ideas of the original SHE little garden herein discussed was stumbled on by plan.’ _ In a small country town like this, anything elaborate was wisely eschewed and much of this area left inlawn. Gravel walks, a square pool, and hardy Privet hedging—kept very low inside the garden—aided materially in bringing out the general shape of the design. As space was limited, interest was focused at the centre of the garden: by the use of the pool with four stone seats around it. wae The smallness of the lawn areas is cleverly disguised by evergreen plant- ings which break the view toward the corners of the garden giving an im- pression of distance; and two long vistas down the axes of the garden are of such pleasing character that one hardly notices that is really about all there is to the garden. The beds bordering the cross walks are planted solidly with Peonies, which give a good color note to the garden at one season of the year and interesting foliage for the remainder with a minimum of care. The shrub- bery around the edge of the garden is of good old-fashioned kinds kept in order by occasional pruning out of the old wood. Olden-time annuals fill the flowerbeds along the main axis and supply sufficient diversity to sustain interest the season through, at the same time requiring compara- tively little attention. ALL SORTS OF DE- VICES FURNISH VA- RIETY AND SURPRISE CONVERTING WASTE PLACES TO BEAUTY WARFIELD WEBB Applied Imagination that Transformed a Gully to a Sunken Garden on the Fringes of a Mid-western City IRST let it be said that the beautiful garden, the at- tractive lawn does not of necessity have to surround a country mansion, or a home of more than ordinary pretensions. Take a gully such as this one in an outlying section of Cincinnati, before its redemption a waste spot, unkempt and forgotten, and see what miracles may be wrought by planting. This particular section of ground separated a private lane from the main avenue, and was seem- ingly a place unworthy of any consideration. It was, however, purchased by Mr. Myers Y. Cooper, who, seeing its artistic possibilities, had it cleared, planted trees, shrubbery, and Honey- suckle to brighten up the dreary slopes in their desolation. The lots were later sold, several modern homes builded, and the owners, appreciative of the possibilities, continued to develop the landscape scheme begun by Mr. Cooper. The result amply justified their efforts—the complete trans- formation of a desolate gully into a sunken garden that is now one of the beauty spots of “the Queen City.” Flowers in profusion, fountains, sun-dials, pergolas, steps of rough-hewn rocks, rustic seats, shaded nooks—everything that tempts one to linger and enjoy. The garden is 335 feet long and 267 feet at its widest point, being located between two streets. This once despised and barren waste, transformed in almost fairy-like fashion by man’s imagination and ingenuity, convincingly points the way: so many other spots lie waiting for the gardener’s handiwork. Similar waste places with hitherto undreamed of artistic possi- bilities are found in and about every city. The value to any locality—not alone in cold dollars, but in essential health and 173 happiness—of an attractive environment is incalculable. Why should we continue to be oppressed by forlorn city wildernesses when beauty may so readily be had! STEPPING INTO A SUBURBAN FAIRYLAND The visitor to the ‘‘sunken gully ” is immediately keyed to a mood of expectation by the rather mysterious but friendly approach The Garden Magazine, Ma A SHADED HOSPITABLE NOOK The transformed waste abounds in fragrant, cool, and sheltered places that offer the fortunate subur- banite complete forgetfulness of the dusty haste of near-by Cincinnati Photographs by J. ANTHONY BILL PEACEFUL SUNLIT HOURS The quiet, slowly shifting shadow of the dial pleasantly accompanies the gliding hours spent within the garden where the harassed man of business and the vexed housewife find relief from insistent, petty cares The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 THE GULLY OF YESTERDAY BECOMES THE GARDEN OF TO-DAY Surely no more conclusive proof of Mr. Cooper’s per- spicacity need be had; and when judicious planting makes so strongly for saner civic living, it seems a pity not to practise it oftener. Here the dial, stone steps, etc., may be seen in their relation to the whole 175 OUR -GANMDE eels EAS’ ROSE. BLAIR MARSH A 30x60 ft. Plot Where Four Thousand Gladiolus in Sixty-three Named Varieties Flourish =G OME ten years ago we, then shelf dwellers, purchased a couple of lots in a new addition some three miles from the heart of the city on a wonderful old farm where C& some big trees had been left standing. We put up a simple little bungalow on the north lot, which in its unadorned state we called “The Shack’’; but now, with its rich planting of vines and shrubbery, it bears the title of “ Tawno Ker,’ Gypsy for “little house.” For a year or more the south lot was a sorry looking spot, overgrown with Burdock and Plantain. The lots had been graded down from a hill and covered with hardpan and small stones, the original top soil some four feet under ground. The man of the house, fortunately, was not easily discouraged, and | think he made a game of picking up the stones, many a wheel- “TAWNO KER” After we did some planting our little house took on a friendly aspect and became a home barrow load, and of preparing the soil for our first garden, during his leisure hours. In the neighborhood was a team- ster’s barn whence came stable manure, and at one time thirty loads were spread, along with good black earth from a build- ing site near. HE first venture was a garden which supplied our table with fresh vege- tables, some of them actually looking like the pictures in the seed catalogue, but as one must have food for the soul as well as the body, some Dahlia roots were also planted; they bloomed and were a joy to behold. Trees were allowed to grow around the sides, until a thick screen shielded the garden from the street, giving a delightful privacy, and three drooping Elms in the side yard we call “The Bower,” and in the shelter of their shade were chairs, a couch and the afternoon tea table. The northern mocking birds built a nest in the little Haw tree right by my bedroom window and greeted my waking each day, and saucy robins would follow the man of the house wherever he went. In the meantime the vegetable garden and the small boy grew apace, and a small corner was given to the latter for his very own, to- plant and tend. One of our purchases was a dozen Gladiolus bulbs of well- known varieties. When they bloomed we were so entranced with their exquisite loveliness that we then and there decided it was the flower of all others that we wanted to grow. It took a lot of experimenting to prepare the soil. For one thing, the ground lacked humus, which we supplied with great piles of fallen leaves and decayed vegetable matter. At the time of planting, a trench six inches deep and six inches wide was dug and the bottom heavily fertilized with sheep ma- nure thoroughly worked in. The corms were then planted about the distance of a number-one corm apart, and the rows. six inches apart. These double rows were planted about sixteen inches apart, for ease in cultivating and to get the greatest number in a given amount of space. It was found advisable, because of the stiffness of the soil, to use a little clean sand right on top of the corms. This makes a parting strip and greatly facilitates. harvesting the corms in the fall. The bed, about thirty by sixty feet, last summer con- tained four thousand corms in sixty-three named varie-— ties of Gladiolus. At first we grew Gladiolus for our own pleasure and the joy that comes from giving. During the War many flowers were sold for the benefit of the French Relief; in fact, we called it our patriotic flower, as it helped us. in doing our mite. A market for our flowers came unsolicited when, two years ago, a florist called to see if we would sell the blooms. It had been a season of drought and he was having diffi- culty in obtain- “THE SHACK” What a rootless, un- lovely thing is a house without growing green- ery to knit it to the earth — no wonder we delight in the transfor- mation pictured above and in our garden of “Glads” (running along the left of the bungalow screened from view by shrubs, etc. The first year’s sales netted over fifty dollars, ing Gladiolus. and this last season’s almost one hundred and twenty. O WALK in the “ garden of the Glads”’ in the early morning is to feel the very presence of God; no evil thought can enter your consciousness and, gazing at the indescribable beauty of the, to me, most wonderful flower in the world to-day, you can- not fail to absorb some of its nature into your own. The Gla- diolus grower who perfects a new variety performs a mission for all mankind. Pare VOUR IeIIPS GOME BLIND? P. 1B, SOOT Director of the New York Botanical Garden Laboratories Failure to Flower One Year May Be Overcome the Next—Summer Growth a Critical Stage for Flower Foundation in the Bulb—Benefit of Early Summer Planting yay OT infrequently Tulips “come blind” or fail to flower, and when the number of such plants in a display plant- ing is large, the color effect that was foreseen last fall | is greatly impaired, to the disappointment of the grower, who perhaps indulges in some hard reflections on the bulbs and their source. A blind Tulip, of the type very commonly seen, is one that does not bloom, but whose bulb is of such size that a flower was to be expected from it. It produces one or more green foliage leaves, but the upper part of the stem ends in a mere blackened stub. The flower is completely blasted and dead, and the plant has the appearance shown in the accompanying illus- little as one gram. All were sound and solid. They were weighed, numbered, stored in a cool, dark basement during summer, and properly planted out-of-doors in the autumn. With very few exceptions, the first bulb and often also the second in size obtained from these blind parents produced fine, vigorous plants with excellent flowers. The plants ceased to be blind, made robust growth, and showed no sign of being “run down” and worthless. Such results show that, if properly handled, blind plants of Tulips may bloom splendidly in a following season. In these tests, bulbs of a surprisingly small size produced tration. Such a blind plant is quite different from a purely vegetative plant grown from bulbs of small size and having only a green vegetative leaf directly from a bulb scale. Such small-sized bulbs are not sold by the bulb producers, but are grown for one or more years in a vegetative condition until they become of the size for blooming and producing large flowers, and of course occur in the garden when the flowering bulb “multiplies” into a number of younger ones. The excessive blindness that occurred among large display plantings of certain Tulips at the New York Botanical Garden a few years ago gave opportunity for a study of the conditions involved which led to some definite. conclusions as to the cause of blindness and how it may, in some degree, be avoided. The possibility of fungous infection as a cause of blindness has been carefully considered. A parasitic fungus (Botytris parasitica) causes death and decay of bulbs, stems, and leaves and is sometimes very troublesome to Tulip growers, especially in Europe. BULBS OUT OF SOIL AND STORAGE Bulb of La Reine (left) from soil in autumn; bulb of La Reine (centre) from storage at time of planting; a Darwin bulb (right) from soil on same date as La Reine and showing the later development of flower stalk in that group aati It is, however, evident that this fungus, although sometimes present on blind plants, is not the cause of the blindness usually seen in Tulips. Growers of Tulips sometimes believe that blindness is due to a “weakened” or “run down’’ condition of bulbs. In order to obtain evidence on this point, bulbs of blind plants of such varieties as Rose Grisdelin, Cottage Maid, Chrysolora, and Crimson King were dug at the end of their growing season. The new daughter bulbs had formed as lateral buds to the mother bulb (which had, of course, died after blooming) and were of various sizes, the largest or first bulb of a set weighed from 11 to 40 grams while the smallest sometimes weighed as 177 HOW “BLINDNESS” WORKS Above at left are two fine flowering plants from sister bulbs of a “blind” mother bulb of the previous year. Blind plants do not remain blind year after year but with proper handling come into bloom again. At right are two “‘blind”’ specimens showing completely blasted flower stalks flowers. In some cases an entire set of as many as six sister bulbs bloomed, the smallest of which weighed only 24 grains (which is less than 1-10 of an ounce) and was scarcely larger than the end of one’s little finger. Small bulbs lateral to a large bulb and enclosed in its outer scales sometimes bloomed as shown in accompanying photograph. Whensuch small bulbs form flowers instead of remaining vegetative for a year or two and becoming larger, they are often unable to make new laterals except of very small size, and often they make none at all. The blooming of small bulbs is undoubtedly one of the condi- tions that causes a planting of Tulips to “run out.” N THE further search for the conditions causing blindness, special study was directed to the changes that occur in Tulip bulbs during the summer. When a bulb is left in the earth during the summer, roots are formed which make vigorous growth and obviously take water into the bulb. Important changes also take place within the bulb. If a large bulb be taken from the ground late in summer or early in autumn and cut open lengthwise the already formed flower is found. The stem with its leaves and flower is all ready like a “ Jack in the Box” to push up through the earth. Summer is, hence, not a 178 time of dormancy and rest for Tulip bulbs that remain in soil. Neither do bulbs remain dormant when stored “dry” in the cellar. They do not form roots as they would if they were in the ground, but they swell somewhat and the flowers are formed within them. If some of the bulbs bought for planting in autumn are cut open, the flowers will be found to be well formed within. During the summer, the formation of flowers goes on to a remarkable degree whether the bulb is stored dry or is in the ground. Summer is indeed a critical period in the formation of flowers that are to open in the air during the following spring. Bulbs in storage are forced to make this development under con- ditions that are unnatural or at least different from those which bulbs left in the ground experience; but the general practice of storing bulbs in a cool, dark place during summer undoubtedly in some degree meets their natural needs during this critical time. Examination of bulbs at planting time in autumn shows that blindness, so noticeable in the following spring, is already in evidence in the dead flowers that are present within the bulb. In the first appearance of blindness (as is plainly evident in an afflicted bulb cut lengthwise) the flowers are well formed as to size, but a zone of dead or dying tissue is visible at the base of the flower. Soon the entire flower is a dead and shrivelled mass. If the blasting occurs earlier or becomes more extended, one or more of the uppermost stem leaves are included in the dead por- tion. The rest of the bulb may be quite sound, but invariably it is less solid than one that exhibits no blasting. The scales are often more soft, less juicy, and less compact, especially in com- parison with bulbs that have lived in the soil during summer. Blasting or blindness of this type is obviously due to un- favorable conditions arising during storage and transportation. When many bulbs of a shipment come blind, as sometimes occurs, the cause may be over-heating for a time. Bulbs grow- ing in the ground develop roots during summer and early autumn and can obtain water in a way which stored bulbs can not do, and hence excessive dryness may be a factor in causing The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 blindness as is suggested by the somewhat shrivelled appearance of bulbs whose flowers have blasted during storage. It seems certain that blindness of the sort here described may be largely avoided if bulbs be planted early in summer instead of in autumn. In making replantings this can readily be done. Bulbs can be dug at the end of their bloom and growth, the daughter bulbs can be sorted and replanted in groups according to size. Shallow rooted annual plants can be grown over them during summer and in autumn shallow tillage with dressing of manure will prepare the bed for winter. Commercial bulbs that are purchased in quantity for autumn planting can be examined for blindness. Select a few bulbs at random and cut them open lengthwise. If blasting is found to be frequent, the lot should be rejected for use, at least in special display beds. If no blasting is found, planting can be done with the assurance that a fine exhibition of bloom in the spring is not to be marred by blasting that developed during the previous summer. Varieties seem to differ widely in regard to the development of blasting, even when kept under identical conditions of storage. Some varieties (White Jewel, Cramoise Brilliant, and La Trium- phante) also combine with blindness certain sorts of abnormal and premature growth of the daughter bulbs which make them undesirable for propagation, at least in regions about New York City. The early blooming sorts have, in the experience of the New York Botanical Garden, blasted more than the late bloom- ing varieties, and for this reason Darwin Tulips are now being used almost entirely in the garden for the display plantings. It would seem that blindness might well develop after bulbs have been planted in autumn through an excessive development of the flower stem during periods of warm weather followed by cold, but such conditions have not produced blasting. to any extent. Blindness has been found to occur before planting in autumn and to be due to unfavorable conditions which the bulbs have previously encountered. A very practical lesson to be learned from all is is that the earlier the planting for next year’s bloom is done the better. GRAFTING ON THE Weis @lalieaned ARCHIBALD AR Unie Gis How a Useless Member of the Plant World Was Converted Into an Effective Citizen of the Orchard "NOR a good many years | had been having trouble with 4 young Cherry trees that were grafted on ordinary tame jz Stock. The grafts would thrive for a year or two; then “ASN they would die. Some would even bear rather gen- sorely. but then the backset would begin. On the principle that a wild strain is usually more vigorous than a tame one, in plant as well as in animal life, | went out literally into “the highways and hedges” and selected a few stocky, well-rooted wild saplings. These were about three feet high and perhaps half an inch in diameter six inches above the ground. These I set in a nursery-row that was favorable to quick rooting and fast growing. Early one March | grafted these wild seedlings. Each one was treated differently. One | cut off a foot above the ground, and at that point inserted a strong scion from a Governor Wood, using the cleft-graft system. A second | cut off only a few inches above the ground and cleft-grafted it with a Tartarian. The third (which had been pruned into a typical fruit-tree of vase-shape design) was top-grafted with Yellow Spanish. For this grafting, a little wax, some strips of cheesecloth, and adhesive tape were used. The scions were secured from friends who had trees of known high qualities. All the little trees so grafted throve well the first season, and from the nursery-row were transplanted to their permanent situ- ations. They have developed in most gratifying fashion, and so far have shown not the slightest tendency to decline. They ap- pear to have a native vigor that augurs well for the theory that wild roots mean strong trees. Two of these trees are now bear- ing; and the fruit is as good as that of the parents of the scions. Apparently, therefore, this discovery is a valuable one; and it is of a kind that the average man can use without difficulty. I have called it a discovery; but perhaps it is known by some people. Lately I mentioned it to an old orchardist, and he said that he had heard of it. A mountaineer likewise confirmed my opinion, declaring that he would never graft on any Cherry but a wild one, as he had had better success with that kind. Perhaps the matter is open to valid objections; but at present it appears to me altogether worthwhile. WG CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES Niobe Nike GAR DEN JOHN L. DOAN School of Horticulture for Women, Ambler, Pa. Lusciousness, Delicacy, and Juiciness of These Fruits Realized to the Full Only When Grown Where Used Epitors’ Note:—Apart from the matter of intrinsic quality and state of maturity it must be recognized that good fruit is becoming less and less easy to obtain at reasonable prices and that this deficiency of an acknowledged essential in the dietary must be supplied at home. This article is the fourth of a series especially prepared for THE GARDEN MAGAZINE by Mr. Doan dealing with the various aspects and possibilities of the home fruit garden. “What, Why, and How Much Fruit to Plant” may be found on pages 323, 324 of our February (1922) issue; “Strawberries for the Home Garden” in March, pages 27-29; ““Raspberries, Blackberries, and Dewberries,” April, pages 105, 1006. ? thick, neglected bushes in the corner of a poorly kept do justice to their possibilities. It is, in fact, almost impossible to get ripe gooseberries from an outside source. To have this excellent fruit at its best one must grow it; and when gathered at the proper time from well kept bushes it is some- thing worth while, indeed. If gooseberries ripen thoroughly before they are gathered, they make an excellent dessert without sugar. The large berried kinds are a favorite fruit among the peoples of western Europe; yet our smaller native varieties are even better in quality, but we haven’t learned to grow them for ourselves. Ripe gooseberries make even better tarts and pies than currants and are excellent for jam and preserves. Thoroughly ripe, well sweetened currants make a good dessert, and, mixed with raspberries, they form an appetizing combina- tion; and a dish heaped with the clusters of beautiful red fruit, a few amber bunches of the so-called white varieties being mixed in, makes a very attractive centre piece for the breakfast table And the pies, the tarts, and jelly that currants make! And how often a little of their juice is added to that of other fruits to make them jell. Few drinks are more refreshing on a hot summer day than currant shrub or a mixture of the juices of the currant and other fruits. Nearly all the currants grown in America are red-fruited ones and indeed they are the most beautiful and productive. The white-fruited currants, belonging to the same species, differ in being milder in flavor, less vigorous in growth, and less prolific. The European Black Currant is a totally different thing, is much less productive and less desirable in quality, less adapted to our climatic conditions, and so is seldom grown. The Golden or Missouri Currant, a favorite bush of old- fashioned lawns, wili be familiar as a fragrant yellow flowered shrub in early spring, but very few probably realize that its black fruit makes high-class jam and preserves. It endures well the hot summers of the prairie states and is hardy in most of the North. A few varieties are occasionally grown for fruit. The gooseberries of western Europe, which grow fruit as large as plums, are sometimes cultivated in this country, but thrive only in cool, moist regions. From our wild Gooseberry with its very small prickly fruit have already originated remark- ably productive garden varieties with much larger smooth fruit. Crossing these with the European kinds is giving us yet larger fruited varieties. Site, Soil and Growing Conditions OOL, moist conditions are necessary for both the Goose- berry and Currant. They endure the winters of Maine without injury, but they suffer from our summer heat. They need a cool northerly slope, or, still better, the north side of a fence or building, and south of the Potomac and Ohio rivers 179 are usually successfully grown only in shady situations. They bloom very early, when the Peaches and wild Plums are in flower, and obviously, therefore, should not be planted on low ground, subject to late frosts; the Currant should never be planted in wind-swept situations, for the rank young shoots, which are very brittle at their bases, are likely to be snapped off. When the Pussy Willows that announce the break of spring are still at their best, the Gooseberry leaf-buds are unfolding, and the Currant bushes are not far behind; so from the Great Lakes eastward, except in the coldest parts of New York and New England, autumn is a better time than spring to plant them. But be sure to mound the soil 8 to 10 inches high about the bases of the fall set bushes and to remove it the next spring. Spring planting is of course quite practical and general, but if you do plant in spring, let the ground be prepared the preced- ing autumn, if possible. Let the soil be strong, rich in humus, cool, and moist, but not wet. A heavy loam or well drained clay loam is ideal. But, even on a light soil, success may still be had by keeping the bushes deeply mulched with leaves, straw, or lawn clippings. Set the bushes not closer than 5 x 5 or 4 x 6ft., a little deeper than they stood before digging, and if the bases of covered branches take root, so much the better. Healthy, vigorous one or two-year bushes are by far the best for planting. No other bush fruits so need liberal fertilizing nor respond to it so generously. Unless the soil be rather rich already, work in 150 to 200 pounds of manure per square rod when the land is prepared. Cover crops are manure savers. Grow them regularly, then apply from 7 to 10 pounds per square rod of a commercial fertilizer (one that carries 2 to 4 per cent. of nitro- gen, 8 per cent. of phosphoric acid, and 10 per cent. of potash) each spring for two years and apply the amount of manure mentioned above the third year. This will be ample for a plan- tation in full bearing. Let the first cultivation of the new plantation be deep and thorough, and stir the soil about every ten days until July. The roots of both Gooseberry and Currant grow near the sur- face, so let cultivation become more shallow as they spread. Just before the last cultivation sow a suitable cover crop broadcast and work it in. A quart per square rod of equal parts of Rye and Vetch, or Rye and Buckwheat is a good mix- ture. Rye is a cover in the winter and a pump in spring. Its rapid growth quickly removes the excess of water from the soil in early spring. As soon as the ground is dry enough, spade the cover crop under four inches. Do not delay or the ground will become too dry. Pruning and Training for Fruit OTH Currant and Gooseberry bushes dread the summer sun. Therefore, when pruning leave the tops dense enough for the foliage to shade the fruit and branches. Do the pruning at any time while the bushes are dormant, and let them 180 take their natural form; don’t try to make “trees” of them. Most of the best fruit grows on the two and three year branches. The older wood is weaker and is best cut out as far as it can be spared. Removing it encourages new growth, but too many branches spoil the bush. From six to ten strong ones are better than more. Remove all very low limbs. So far as is practicable, let two or three strong new shoots grow each year, and cut out as many four year branches. If a good shoot does not grow quite where it is needed, bring it to the desired position and brace it there by a piece of pruned cane worked in among older branches. Prune tall young canes down to the desired height. Shorten back the strongest one year growth on two and three year branches a third or half. Gooseberry bushes are much less regular in their growth than Currants and though the same principles apply, each bush is an individual problem as interesting as a game of chess. Many of the strong young shoots of such varieties as Downing and Pearl spread out too low. Lift up each low young cane you need between two older branches and slip a portion of a pruned cane across above them and below it. Before midsummer it ‘has grown into its new position. The pruning knife and hand shears are the handiest tools for pruning Currant bushes. But every Gooseberry has its thorns and comfort requires the long-handled shears. When the Fruit is Ready to Gather O DELICATE and tender is the fully ripe fruit that gather- ing it is something of an art. It is because of the tender- ness that really ripe fruit cannot be had at the market, and is the strongest reason for growing currants and gooseberries in your own garden. Grasp the stems of the clusters of currants at their bases with the thumb and forefinger, taking care not to crush any berries, and lay them carefully in a quart box or some shallow vessel. Take the fruit promptly to a cool, dark place that is moist, but not damp. Currants used for jelly are usually gathered before all of the berries of a cluster are fully colored. But, for other purposes, if you would have the largest yield and cut down your sugar bill, let the fruit ripen on the bush. The practice of stripping green gooseberries from the bushes with gloved hands and running them through a fanning mill to blow out the trash, blackens their reputation and is a sin against those who eat them. Don’t be guilty. Let them get ripe, then put a clean, shallow box, two feet long and wide beneath the bush, hold up the tip of a bearing branch that is over the box with the left hand, and with the right pull off the fruit that hangs thickly beneath and drop it into the box. Wearing gloves and using this method, one may gather the fruit rapidly and easily. Cur- rants and gooseberries stand handling better than other small fruits and keep better, on and off the bushes. Their Endurance and Troubles ON’T let the bushes bear the first year. There should be a little fruit the second year, half a crop the third year, anda full crop the fourth year. With the best care, the bushes may live and bear for twenty-five years or more; but they have usually passed their best days at half that age. The branches afford the San Jose scale excellent board and lodging when the parasites leave him alone; and the leaves are exactly to the liking of the more fastidious currant worm. Currant borers and aphids also disturb their peace, and the leaf spot attacks them impartially. The European Gooseberries The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 are very subject to mildew, and in some localities Currants suffer seriously from cane blight. Formidableas the list seems, these pests may usually be readily controlled by following the suggestions here given: I. To Control Scale: Before the buds unfold, spray the bushes thoroughly with a preparation of commercial lime-sulphur, diluted with eight times its volume of water; or with a miscible oil, diluted according to directions. II. To Control Currant Worm and Leaf Spot: When the white Flowering Dogwoods are in full bloom, spray thoroughly with pyrox at the strength recommended for codling moth in the directions that accompany the material. III. To Control Aphis: Examine the dormant Currant bushes carefully, and if tiny shining objects are found near the buds at the ends of the young branches you may expect aphides (plant lice). When these first hatch, spray the under surfaces of the leaves thoroughly with a solution of whale oil or fish oil soap dissolved in soft water, 3 ounces to the gallon. Re- peat this spray in about a week, and oftener if needed. IV. To Prevent Mildew: If English Gooseberries be grown, spray with a solution of one ounce of liver of sulphur to two gallons of water when the leaves begin to unfold, and three times later, at intervals of ten days. V. To Control Currant Borers: Two kinds hatch from eggs laid in the young canes and eat their way downward through the pith; they may be controlled by cutting off all sickly looking canes several inches below the part affected in summer and again when the leaves come out in the spring, and burning them. VI. To Check Cane Blight: If Currants are attacked, the canes turn sickly, shrivel, and die at any time during the growing season. Frequently the attack is on bearing canes, when the fruit is half ripe. Dig out and burn every affected bush. Unfortunately Currants and Gooseberries are hosts of one stage of the pine blister-rust. This disease attacks the five- needled Pines, of which our native White Pine is the most im- portant. However, if the Currant and Gooseberry bushes be planted nine hundred feet or more from the Pines the danger is avoided. But in some New England and North Atlantic states both the sale and planting of these fruits are legally restricted. Varieties ED CROSS and Fay are well-known, fairly early red Cur- rants. Perfection, which is a little later, is reliable and productive. Wilder, a rather late variety, is very prolific and is probably more extensively planted than the other kinds. Diploma is very promising. White Imperial and White Grape are the leading white Currants. Downing, our leading Gooseberry, is of a greenish color, very productive, good and fairly large for an American variety. The Pearl closely resembles it. Poorman, with pinkish-red berries, is a very promising kind of good quality. Industry, which is a large, dark red of good quality, is the best known European variety in this country. Chautauqua is a pale green variety of excellent flavor and of European ancestry, and is probably as meritorious as the Industry. SOLVING THE INTRICATE PROBLEM OF Like svVALL GARDEN As Typified in the Gales Garden at Great Neck, Ruth Dean, Landscape Architect, Presenting a Concrete Application of the Governing Principles of Practical Garden Design Epitors’ Nore:—Among the various gardens displayed at this season’s Architectural League of New York Exhibition this of Mrs. George N. Gales at Great Neck, L. I., stands out as a conspicuously successful example of what may be achieved on the small suburban property where seclusion is so much needed and so seldom had. Miss Dean’s refreshing solution of the problems that beset the many who are doomed to live in restricted areas points the way to a better and more satisfying type of treatment than is commonly found. pECAUSE a place is #4 small that does not | mean that there is #% no need for the ser- vices of a landscape archi- tect. Quite the contrary is true, as a matter of fact, for the problem of applying definite rules becomes greatly intensified where they may in a way be said to overlap each other. On the large place, each living issue can be given free play, which really renders its de- sign and planting a far simpler af- fair than that of the limited area. Here even one mistake becomes unpleasantly obtrusive because there is no possibility of sauntering away from it, no opportunity for distract- ing the attention by points of inter- est elsewhere, so it is very well worth while to be sure that the initial plan of your garden and grounds, how- ever small, is a wise one. Often the house is completely built before any thought of planting comes to mind, and frequently, too, the owner harbors prejudices which null- ify all the fundamentals of good de- sign, thus besetting the way of the designer with untoward difficulties. Exempt from such hindrances, how- ever, the Gales garden has particular significance for owners of little gar- dens everywhere, being that all too rare thing—the modest property understandingly studied and land- scaped and having, in consequence, a convincing unity of effect in which dwelling and garden peaceably share the honors. Its plan is, in the first place, ad- vantageously compact, the house be- ing so placed that the property is not wastefully cut up (Rule No. 1), nor is it crowded in appearance, because no attempt is made to have the driveway reach the door, as the house is only forty-five feet from the road. Garage, coal hole, service wing, laundry yard etc. are grouped together (Rule No. 2) and planted out (Rule No. 3) so that guests sit- ting on the piazza are not diverted by an arriving grocery boy, or flap- ping clothes. There is enough lawn in one stretch to furnish a fore- ground for the house (Rule No. 4), SIX RULES TO OBSERVE 1. Don’t cut up space 2. Group service portions 5. 3. Screen service wing 6. GENERAL LAYOUT FOR GROUNDS OF MRS. GEORGE N. GALES AT WENSINGTON AND. RUTH DEAN LANDSCAPE ARCHT. JS7£.55TH.STE NYC SCALE | =JO-O UIZZEZ mee verde lis TD SY, IIIS Ul VEGETABLE ee pea ees J eee ' GREAT NECK LONG ISLAND FA re a yest ae EXISTING WOODS ace aan) 3 Co “ is Xe 5 we 2) MAKING THE MOST OF A 125x 260 FT. PROPERTY A small suburban place that combines beauty, economy, privacy, and diversity. The reduced scale above is 50 ft. to the inch 181 4, Give the house a foreground Aim for privacy and unity Relate all elements logically and two-thirds of the prop- erty is left on the other side of the house for flower gar- den, vegetable garden, chil- dren’s playground and orchard (Rule No. 5). All these things are pos- sible on a place one hundred and twenty-five feet by two hundred and sixty feet simply because the house and grounds are so planned that one part leads logically into the next (Rule No. 6). The main axis extends from the living room porch through the flower garden, orchard (if two rows of fruit trees may be called an or- chard) and vegetable garden to the rear gate on the neighboring street. Looking down this vista, which might easily have been spoiled by failure to adhere to rule number six, the extent of the grounds is agree- ably magnified, and one has the feel- ing that the gate at the far end leads out to a little country lane winding on through fields beyond rather than to one of Great Neck’s most occu- pied streets, as it in reality does. Within the property a bit of na- tive woods, spared by a thoughtful real estate agent, lie on one side of this main path, and supply a happy playground for the children of the family. HE flowers are collected into the flower garden proper (ex- cept for the cutting beds that bor- der the vegetable garden paths) and are not allowed to straggle aimlessly along the edge of the irregular shrub borders which bound the property. Nothing so cuts down the extent of a place as this interruption between lawn and shrub border. In addi- tion to the messy, untidy appear- ance such borders possess for two-thirds of the time, they inter- rupt the easy flow of grass into shrubbery. The beds in the flower garden are few and fairly big; again a rule springs up to cover the case; repose: and a sense of space are to be gained by elimination. Many narrow beds give a cluttered appearance to the. garden, just as a lot of furniture crowds a small room, making it The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 MA HA MKT HMA THE PATH THAT LINKS GARDEN AND HOUSE What possible excuse can there be for the continued ex- istence of the “backyard” with all its raw edges when this may be had instead! A pleasant invitation to linger and enjoy is extended by the aptly placed bench of modest and gracious design i HAANAQUANNNUIVIUIUUIUUN iI HOA HNN The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 183 ANIMA NTT J. Wallace Gillies, Photo. THE GARDEN IN MIDSUMMER GARB From the sun porch one steps out on a little paved square (see plan page 181) to get this lovely sweep across the garden which gives an impression of both serenity and sprightliness as every really well planned and well tended garden should soll TT 184 seem even smaller than it is. Moreover there is a cultural reason for making perennial borders reasonably wide; we all know the disagreeable habit that most perennials have of showering blossoms on us for a few brief weeks, and then fading out of sight completely. We rush to fill in the hole with willing annuals, but it requires some time for the annuals to take a foothold and start blooming, and in the meantime the hole gapes at us. If the border is a narrow one, say only one or two plants wide, it is apt to be a series of holes most of the season; but if broad enough for five or six ranks of flowers, one group can hide the fading of another, and the whole border can be kept looking presentable. Borders ten feet wide, with paths at least four feet, six inches, is another rule the observance of which contributes to the general dignity of the small garden. Perhaps it would be better to say that perennial borders ought to be about twice as wide as the paths, because some gardens must.be so tiny that it becomes necessary to reduce the width of paths to single-file, so to speak. Four feet, six inches, by the way, is about as narrow a path as two people can walk abreast on comfortably. The flowers themselves on the smallish place must be de- pendable sorts that will furnish big returns for the trouble they cause; and they must be planned for succession of bloom so that no week is vacant of interest. In planning this feature of a garden, Miss Dean’s method is to take a succession of groups of two or more flowers, depending on the size of the area—which bloom at the same time and look well together, and lay out the garden with these as its back-bone. For example, begin with salmon Poppies and Italian Alkanet in May and follow these The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 by Phlox Miss Lingard and Delphinium in June, Monkshood Sparks variety and Phlox Peach-blow in July, and so through to Monkshood Napellus and Anemone japonica in the latest fall. Placing groups of these combinations all around the garden so that the whole garden will present a fairly uniform appearance at any given season, among these plants lesser quantities of flowers are woven to give desired diversity, to furnish the minor surprises, the side shows, so to speak, and to fill in the gaps. N THE small garden onemust have extra regard for the jarring note—the mauve that turns out magenta, the scarlet that shows the pinks up plum-color. In a garden where almost everything can be seen at once, the color scheme has to be conceived as a whole and nothing admitted which is going to disturb the peace of any of the occupants. The shrub borders in the Gales garden are as narrow as they could be made, and still shut out the neighbors. About ten feet along the property line is all that is allowed for shrubs, and these are mostly tall ones that get well up before they begin to spread; Witch-hazel, Red-bud, some Sumach with Sweet-brier Roses and Viburnum Carlesii for their fragrance, shut in the flower garden. Elsewhere there are the more spreading garden shrubs such as Lilac, Weigela and Ninebark; and at several points Cedars for their depth of green; and, where space permits, White Pine, whose spreading, indeterminate, misty foliage sets at naught the most arbitrary property line. Given the same set of conditions, which are those of the average suburban problem, how often is the solution a similarly straightforward and satisfying one? HOW ACID. 1s AN ACGIRR Seine, E DG AIRS ie WARING Smithsonian Institution Aniline Dyes Supplanting Litmus Paper—A More Convenient and Exact Way of Testing Soils to Determine the Precise Degree of Sweetness or Sourness VAN HE significance of the “ plant-foods,” lime, potash, nitro- A 4} gen, phosphorus, etc. has been extensively studied, and \@ is more or less familiar to every gardener. There is, 7 however, another chemical feature of soils which has EO? less real attention, although much talked about, namely the acidity (and its opposite, alkalinity). Acidity and alkalinity, if strong enough, can be recognized by their taste, acids being sour, alkalies bitter (or ““soapy”’); but to detect the minute amounts present in ordinary soils recourse must be had to indicators. These are dyes which change their colors when subjected to the action of acids or of alkalies. The most widely known indicator is litmus, which becomes red when brought into contact with an acid solution, and blue with an alkaline one. Litmus paper is actually used to some extent in testing soils, but its color change is difficult to recognize in many cases, and at best permits only a very rough estimate of the strength of the acidity or alkalinity. In recent years, how- ever, a number of more brilliant indicators have been developed, (they are put up in a convenient set and are purchasable with palatte, etc., complete) and by using a series of these it is possible to determine readily the actual degree of acidity or of alkalinity shown by a given soil. Several years ago Mr. Frederick V. Coville of the U. S. De- partment of Agriculture demonstrated that by keeping the soil acid it is quite possible to cultivate certain plants that have in the past presented problems to the gardener, such as Blue- berries, Trailing Arbutus, and others belonging to the Heath family. In view of these results it occurred to me that it would be desirable to study the preferences for soil acidity of other wild flowers reputed to be impossible to grow in cultivation. A method was therefore worked out for carrying the above men- tioned indicators into the field, and making tests at the places where the plants grow. This method is outlined here. A sample of soil.a gram or two in weight is shaken from living roots into an empty vial, and 5 cubic centimeters of the most nearly neutral and salt-free water available is added, the vial being shaken well to insure complete mixing. After the soil and water are thoroughly mixed, the solid matter is compacted with a stick, and the vial is supported at an angle of 45° and allowed to stand until the bulk of the suspended matter has settled. The more or less clear liquid is then decanted off into a depression in a porcelain plate (artists’ “slant”? or chemists’ “spot-plate’’). A tiny drop of the solution of an indicator, the color changes of which occur near the neutral point, is then The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 placed in an adjoining depression, and with the aid of a stick or pencil the clearest part of the soil extract is caused to flow over and mix with the indicator. Bromthymol Blue is used as a first indicator, because it at once classifies the soil. If the soil be neutral, a green color develops, yellow indicates acidity, and blue shows an alkaline condition. If the acid color of the indicator is shown, the . process is repeated us- ing another indicator which shows its color changes at a higher de- gree of acidity and so on in succession as shown by the diagram. If the alkaline color ap- pears another indicator changing color at a higher degree of alka- Descriptive Terms —Acid Specific Reactions ee Bromphenol Blue Methyl Red TABLE, OlF WNIDICATOIR COONS (As seen in very dilute solution in depressions of porcelain plate.) Superacid | Mediacid | Subac:d | Minimacid | Minimalk. |! Subalk. | Medialk. | Superalk. 3000+|1000|300+!100|30-+-| 10 | 3+ | I 185 Most of our ordinary garden plants are those favoring neu- tral soils, and our ordinary methods of cultivation, fertilization, and liming tend to bring soils to neutrality or even a slight de- gree of alkalinity. It is, however, well worth while to develop also acid soil gardens, for in these we can grow in cultivation many beautiful Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Laurels, Orchids, etc., which will in ordi- nary garden soil never really thrive, and usu- ally die as soon as the acid soil adhering to their roots when first transplanted is neutral- ized by the soil in which they are placed. In making an acid soil garden it is not suf- ficient to dig a small | Neutral | Alkaline—> | 3+ | 10 |30+]|100/300-++| 1000/3 000-+ YELLOW linity is then used. This is continued until Bromcresol Purple YELLOW either an intermediate 3 5 Bromthymol Blue color of one indicator, YELLOW hole and place in it the balls of earth adhering to the roots of the plants being introduced, for or opposing extremes of : Phenol Red two overlapping ones, GREEN YELLOW moles, earthworms, beetles, etc. will soon mix LiGur BLUE are obtained. The spe- cific acidity or alkalin- ity can then be read off from a chart or table of the indicator colors. Phenolphthalein <— bog peat —> S A result of the testing of many hundreds of colonies of wild flowers through- out the Northeastern United States, Mr. Coville’s conclu- sions as to the requirement of members of the Heath family for acid soils have been abundantly confirmed. Nearly all of the 50 species of this family studied have been found to be in the most flourishing condition when the soil was mediacid or subacid. There were a few exceptions among the Pyrolas, which thrived in minimacid or even neutral soils. In other plant families some species have been shown to favor acid soil and others neutral or alkaline soils. Among the native Orchids, for instance, most northern species stick closely to neutral soils, and most southern ones to acid soils. Similar relations hold in the case of Ferns. It is hoped to publish sometime a list of several hundred wild flowers, with their pref- erences in this respect indicated, but sufficient data have not been obtained as yet. SZ >< cn Ir1s TIME in June again! very successful account of IRISES FOR A SUCCESSION OF BLOOM. past performances be the guarantee for the future! — = <— upland peat —> The first test is made with bromthymol blue; a change to green indicates a neutral soil; yellow shows acid; if remaining blue, an alkaline condition is shown. The other indicators are then used in succession upwards or downwards as the case may require SOME SUMMER ANTICIPATIONS “DOOK Week” in Chicago was a sort of prolonged and glorified garden party which offered the always welcome opportunity of per- sonal chat with our subscribers, and we are just back at the desk in stimulated mood full of pleasant plans for the coming months. Of prime interest to our people is the privilege of finding in an early issue the Latest MrEsSAGE of WiLLIAM RosINsoN, dean of gardeners, familiarly known to us all through his ‘English Flower Garden.” and receptiveness of his American audience by Mr. Robinson in giving them directly through the pages of THe GARDEN Macazine this series of articles containing the crystalization of his matured thought ripened and enriched by many years’ experience. Even a cursory study of “Home Landscapes,” Mr. Robinson’s latest book, reveals a fundamental similarity of aim with that of Dr. Sargent (examples of whose work may be found on pages 167, 193 of this number). Is it not significant when these two most constructive of modern- day gardeners on opposite sides of an ocean express themselves in like ways? the woody plant—trees and shrubs—as the basic “‘stuff’’ upon which a good garden is builded. And for the lover of Iris fresh light on the CutTuRAL HANDLING of the BEARDED Group with a series of carefully made photographs by Mr. A. C. Arny of the University of Minnesota. RANEAN IRIs is ably championed by S. Stillman Berry; and, in response to many requests, we hope to reprint in substance at least a There are a number of other things we would like to tell about—such as the History or IRONWORK AND ITS PRESENT-DAY GAR- DEN Uses by Mr. Arthur W. Colton, already known to our readers through his able series “The House That Was Built for a Garden,” and more widely known as essayist and poet—but it is here possible only to touch on one or two “high spots” and leave the rest to your imagination, with the passing assurance, however, that you will find something you want on a number of subjects besides. Let iii =S> — “alkali’’ soil—> < limestone soil —> IK Rather a pretty compliment is paid to the perceptiveness Both emphasize, moreover, the satisfying character of The fascinating yet irritating family of MepiTER- AT@FLOR AOSV Ee ra LEONARD BARRON Impressions of the Year’s Big Flower Shows at New York and Indianapolis after all, is the ultimate goal of all gardening—was permitted to enter in. No indeed. That was not proper! To-day how different! The appeal is made frankly to the public’s sense of beauty, with perhaps little to cater to the ex- perts’ more minute examination. And in proportion as the old style is distanced does success seemingly attend. Never should it be forgotten that the new pace for New York was set by the © visit of the National Flower Show under the direction of the Society of American Florists in 1913. The credit for the further development is due chiefly to the Horticultural Society of New York and particularly its treasurer, Mr. F. R. Newbold, through whom the active codperation of the Garden Club of America has been secured. Thus the New York spring flower show as- sumes the dignity of a national event, even more so indeed than does the actual National Flower Show which this year was wel- comed by Indianapolis. This latter, national in being, visiting different centres in succession, and stirring local activities into an awakening, justifies itself, however. That New York has ridden onward better than any other centre is perhaps only the natural response of the metropolis. It has a considerable population of its own and it is a pivot of attraction for people elsewhere. : It was the Rose gardens of the two Piersons at the 1913 Nat- ional Show that set the pace. Suddenly the horticulturists realized that the public was not so greatly concerned in the balanced niceties of individual varieties as in the spectacular effects of mass grouping in suitable environment. The lesson A GARDEN OF ROSES learned, successful flower shows followed, leading up to the peak Roses of many hues and for all sorts of purposes—stalwart of success attained this spring. bedding Roses, graceful climbers, and appealing little But there was only one Rose garden this year, instead an trailers—were effectively congregated in this Gold Medal f y ’ winning display of Cromwell Gardens (A. N. Pierson) Azalea garden (Bobbink & Atkins) struck a new note and showed that the great Easter plant will be with us again. It is MS HILE the ancients bore gifts to the V goddess of spring and made obei- pi sance to the personification of flow- SQ) ers, the modern American in his thousands takes the direct course and pays his tribute to the gate-keeper of the hall of flowers wherein he enters to worship or admire the realities themselves. The New York Flower Show has become indeed some- thing more than an “exhibition” of plants. It is a gala display of their effectiveness and decorative possibilities. Only a very few years ago the conception of a flower show was a gathering of examples of the cultural skill of the grower, arranged in orderly way on benches or tables where the technicali- ties could be analysed for the benefit of other technical growers. Nothing of the appeal to the sense of beauty, of color har- mony, of charming mass etc., etc—which, SPRING IN FULL SWAY Familiar favorites—Hyacinths, Tulips, and Daffo- dils—in massed planting filled this small formal garden with refreshingly clear color, and acces- sories of various kinds were used as accent points in the design. (F. R. Pierson) 186 The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 significant, too, that Rock Gardens on a “ practical’” scale—you could walk through them—have assumed a dominant place in the scheme. A straw in the winds of public opinion as it were! And indeed the rock and shrubbery combination effect of Julius Roehrs Co. so closely approached reality as to carry conviction. Each year these “ gardens”’ are more and more real as our photo- graphs show. A new note in these features was struck by Wad- ley & Smythe’s formal effect with large specimen Oranges, Azaleas, etc. In the cut bloom displays which varied through the week, one really notable novelty was the Pernetiana Rose Souvenir de Claudius Pernet (Totty) with the distinct characteristics of that gorgeous group, in color the yellowest of any Rose and of a clear, pure hue. The plant is thickly set with spines which, however, are not strong; the foliage is true to the group to which this plant belongs. One other Rose renamed for the occasion in honor of Mrs. Warren G. Harding is that formerly known as Dark Pink Columbia, varying in shades of deep pink, somewhat uncertain in color, yet pleasing withal. Among the special features that drew crowded attention from the public, the corner given over to the Orchid Society and the group of model gardens, in competition for the Garden Club of America prize, ran neck and neck. Both these appeal to spe- cialists. The garden models, intriguing and fascinating, but be- yond that, what? The Orchid display showed that the activi- ties of the new society have been productive of good results. Dinner and luncheon table decorations competing for the awards of the Garden Club of America added a feature of no small interest and brought out a larger number of arrangements than ever resulted from the professional classes of other years and in fact served a much more practical end. NE feature the two shows (New York and Indianapolis) had in common was supplied by Burpee’s Sweet-peas magnificently staged in lightly arranged bunches of individual varieties against a background of black velvet. Much progress has been made in this strain of Winter-flowering Peas, having markedly waved standard and wings, adding considerably to the decorative value. Gardeners report that the winter- flowering type has certain advantages in the real North, bloom- ing earlier when planted outdoors so that in regions where the ordinary garden Sweet-pea has been difficult to manage it may be well to give the newer strain a trial. The variety of colors to 187 A ROCK GARDEN THAT WHETTED CURIOSITY To many visitors one of the most alluring features of the New York Shov, this garden took the fancy of the judges as well and carried off a Gold Medal. (Julius Roehrs) ANOTHER INTEREST- ING ROCKERY WHERE BLOOM RAN THE GAMUT OF COLORS It is something of an achievement to bring hundreds of plants into flower at just the required moment and this season’s amateur showings were quite breath-taking in their loveliness. (Mrs. Payne Whitney’s exhibit) There is much to enjoy and to learn both about plants and their setting where a great group is staged: as here. (Bobbink & Atkins) 188 | The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 THE NATIONAL FLOWER SHOW RECENTLY HELD AT THE INDIANAPOLIS FAIR GROUNDS. The huge hall with its unbroken vistas and facilities for receiving plants (wagons may be driven right into the building along the broad pave- ments shown above and unloaded wherever desired) offers ideal opportunity for effective display and about 75,000 visitors viewed this season’s show. The Rose garden, and beyond it the collection of Acacias occupying the centre choose from is surely great enough to please everyone. Un- questionably the light orange Mrs. Kerr took the popular fancy of both New York and Indianapolis. In light pink, our choice hangs on Peach Blossom. Among the novelties for later in- troduction to which awards were made are Lady Fair, a paler pink than the one just named; Spokane, bright orange scarlet; Milkmaid, white ever so daintily shadowed with a lilac flash; and the deep bright rose Chevalier. The Indianapolis show partook the more of a “ florists’ exhibi- tion,’ yet with marked progress in the arrangements for dis- play—to a large degree due to the fact that Arthur Herrington was manager of both shows. The hall offered by the western city was about twice the size of the Grand Central Palace, and had a sunken central area and low roof, an ideal arrangement. Curiously, both shows drew about the same attendance—seventy- five thousand each in the week’s duration. Thus is Indianapolis seen as no mean city for the gardener! The far famed Aca- cias of Mr. Roland, which a few years ago startled New York, dominated the centre of this great area, one hundred plants arranged in two immense half circles, and again carried their lesson to any onewith a greenhouse who would have an ideal expression of spring—bright, light, airy shades of yellow. But it was a florists’ festival in a veritable orgy of Roses and Carnations—40 entries in the 100 cut Roses and sixty in the 50; and in the Columbia class about ten competitors each staged 50 blooms! Roses! and Roses! ! and Roses! ! ! And Carna- tions! nine lots of 100 blooms! So went the homage to Flora! One distinct novelty from California (Wright, Los Angeles) is a greenhouse Maidenhair type of Fern, resembling the much esteemed Farleyense; though somewhat smaller, it is far less delicate and indeed stands hard usage. A tribute must needs be added to the Indianapolis Public Library which dis- played meanwhile a rich and up to the minute collection of garden books and mag- azines actively encour- aging the townfolk to read and learn. PRIZE-WINNING MINIATURE GARDEN AT THE NEW YORK SHOW Designed and executed by Mr. Charles Willing, Chestnut Hill, Pa., whose skill won him one of the Frank Galsworthy flower paintings beloved of gardeners. There were a number of entries in this class and tremendous popular interest in this feature of the show which was sponsored by the Garden Club of America F rom The NewY ork Flower Show Japanese Arrangements exhibited by The Garden Clubs and A New Rose THE NEW YELLOW ROSE Souvenir de Claudius Pernet shone conspicu- ously among a galaxy of competing beauties at the New York Show, partly perhaps because SPANISH IRIS IN JAP- ANESE FASHION Iris lends itself particularly well to ‘full-length’ treat- ment, as it were, because of its interesting habit of growth; we would like to see it more often displayed with the fundamental simplicity of the truly Japanese ar- rangement which affords each flower-stalk full oppor- tunity. Awarded Third Prize by the Garden Club of America; Mrs. Robert Mallory Jr., Rye (N. Y.) Garden Club, exhibitor BIRD-OF-PARA- DISE FLOWER (Strelitzia reginae) IN BRONZE DISH This native of the trop- ics with its banana- like foliage and bizarre orange and blue-purple blossoms won First Prize in the Japanese Arrangement Class staged by the Garden Club of America; ex- hibitor, Mrs. Frank Littleton, Fauquier and Loudon Garden Club, Va. JAPANESQUE AR- RANGEMENT OF FORSYTHIA “Highly Commended” by the Garden Club of America, this arrange- ment was to the lay- man’s. eye the most leasing of the group both in line and color; the clear bright yellow of the Golden-bell happily in harmony with the rich brown of bronze. Mrs. Elmer MacRea, Greenwich (Conn.), Garden Club, exhibitor a good yellow is the rarest of Roses. This Totty intro- duction is the clearest, most glowing yellow yet seen and, being a Pernetiana, may be ac- credited with the cultural char- acteristics of its type, including a predilection for clay soils. Gold Medal, Special Prize 189 CEDAR A LA JAPANESE This arrangement depends primarily on line for its effect, the subdued green of Cedar and the creamy porcelain rendering color a subordinate affair. Awarded Second Prize by the Garden Club of America; Mrs. Seton Lindsay, South Side Garden Club of Long Island, exhibitor TEACHING POOR KIDDIES#T OsGAR DE *NSPIRED by the article in THE GARDEN MAGAZINE ‘p- for March describing the work done by the Avenue A 42 Gardens to give New York’s tenement children a new and wholesome interest in life, a gentleman in Eliza- beth, New Jersey, writes to us that he has laid out fifty small gardens for the use and instruction of poor children in that city. Thousands of visitors at the New York Flower Show availed themselves of the opportunity to see with their own eyes how the work is carried on in the Avenue A Gardens. Two of the 5 x 10 plots were shown, one of them with relays of the children engaged in planting and cultivating, the other with a generous growing crop of vegetables and flowers. Members of the Plant, Flower and Fruit Guild were in attendance to explain the work and accept the ten-dollar subscriptions for the maintenance of individual gardens. The interest of the New York public is shown by the receipt of something more than two thousand dollars, enough to keep more than two hundred children off the streets and engaged from spring to winter in out-of-door work-play and practical education in gardening. Not the least valuable feature is that the interest of the child- ren in what they are doing extends to their older relatives, and in several cases has led to families deserting the tenements to live where they could have a bit of ground on which to grow things. Of course these last are rather exceptional instances, but there is not a.single one of the six hundred plots which is not yielding some child a new and better knowledge of what this earth can give in the way of occupying one’s time and energy. When this reaches our readers’ eyes, the planting work in the Gardens will be in full swing. The young agriculturists are impatient of interruption in their important occupations, but those who drive or walk through Avenue A in the neighborhood of the Rockefeller Institute won’t need to ask where the work is going on. It is plainly visible through the iron fence surround- ing the three city blocks and it is a sight worth seeing by any one interested in America’s future citizenry. “Te response to the appeal for funds to carry on the work of the Avenue A Gardens has been so generous that the ac- knowledgments will have to be printed on the installment plan. As there are six hundred gardens, the funds in hand are not sufficient to provide seeds, tools, supervision, and instruction for all of them so THE GARDEN MacazinE is still willing to accept contribu- tions of ten dollars, each of which provides for a garden and entitles the donor to give that garden a name. Checks for ten dollars, or multiples of that amount, may be sent payable to the order of Avenue A Gardens Fund, THE GARDEN MaGazineE, Garden City, N. Y., and will be acknowledged in an early issue going to press after receipt. Contributions will also be re- ‘ceived by the Plant, Flower and Fruit Guild, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The required amount of ten dollars to maintain each garden has been received from the following: Mrs. Sipmon McHie, New York City, for The Sidmon Garden, The Gloria Garden THe LarcHmMont GARDEN Cius, Larchmont, N. Y., for The Larchmont Garden. THe FLusHinc GARDEN Cus, Flushing, N. Y., for The Flushing Garden Club Garden. Mrs. H. F. Boarpman, New York City, for Buddie’s Garden. Mrs. B. W. Morris, Mt. Kisco, N. Y., for The Walter Platt, Jr. Garden. Mrs. J. H. Hunt, Greenwich, Conn., for The Kirke La Shelle Garden. Mrs. Ropert Bacon, New York City, for The Hope Garden. Mrs. E. C. Bacon, New York City for The Corners Garden. Mrs. H. VAN RENSSELAER KENNEDY, for The Baby Marion Garden. Master WINTHROP ROCKEFELLER, New York City, for The Winthrop Garden. Mrs. Jon D. RockeEFELLer, Jr., New York City, for The Laurance Garden, The David Garden. Miss Fanny Norris, New York City, for The Good Luck Garden. Mr. T. A. Havemeyer, New York City, for The Havemeyer Garden, The Arthur Herrington Garden. Mrs. JAMES Bowen, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y., for The Edson Garden. Miss ExizABETH Bowen, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y., for The Elizabeth Garden. Miss Maupe Wetmore, New York City, for The Joy Garden. Mrs. Victor GuInzBurG, Chappaqua, N. Y., for 3 PF Garden, The George Garden, The Frederic Garden. Mrs. JoHN PALMER, New York City, for The Ettie Garden. _Mrs. Howarp F. Crark, Great Neck, N. Y., for The Edith Garden, Mrs. Ricuarp L. Beckwitu, New York City, for The Christadora Garden. Mrs. G. ScuirRMER, New York City, for The Elsie H. Fay Garden. Mrs. Henry Marguanp, New York City, for The Knight Garden. Mrs. BurKE Rocue, New York City, for The Eileen Garden. Miss M. R. Cross, New York City, for The Bearfort Garden. Mrs. Epwin G. Merritt, New York City, for The Two Little Sisters Garden. Miss GENEVIEVE Brapy, New York City, for The Genevieve Garden. Miss Victoria Brapy, New York City, for The Victoria Garden. Mrs. Monroe D. Rosinson, New York City, tor The Dorothy Douglas Robinson Garden, The Three Arts Club Garden. Mrs. Joun A. CARPENTER, New York City, for The Dinny Garden. Mr. SAMUEL SLOAN, New York City, for The Katharine Sloan Garden. Mrs. Epwarp SANDFORD, New York City, for The Edward Sandford Garden. Mrs. J. F. CHapman, New York City, for The Fred C. Heighe, Jr., Garden. Mr. Wm. Hunt Dickinson, New York City, for The Andrew Dickinson Gardens (5 plots). Mrs. T. T. Gaunt, New York City, for The Fannie Marshall Gardens (5 plots). Miss MasBette Lane, New York City, for The Fan-Tom Garden. Mrs. FRANK MonrtaGuE, New York City, for The Danforth Garden. Mr. Apert A. BRENNAN, New York City, for The Beulah Garden. Mrs. E. BaiLey, New York City, for The See-Us-Grow Garden. Mrs. LEA Mc I. Luguer, Mt. Kisco, N. Y., for The Lea S. Luquer Garden, The Evelyn P. Luquer Garden The Thatcher P. Luquer Garden, The Ellen P. Luquer Garden. Miss ApELE MerriLt, New York City, for The Toodles Garden. Mrs. Tuomas Denny, New York City, for The Louise Garden. Mrs. Stewart Ettior, New York City, for The Eliza Josephine Garden. Miss Acnes Cocuran, New Canaan, Conn., for The Elizabeth Garden. Mrs. Etxiot Smitu, New York City, for The Anna Garden. Miss ETHEL Spears, New York City, for The R. Lazys Garden. Mrs. A. T. VAN LAer, Litchfield, Conn., for Little Joan’s Garden. Mrs. J. J. Rapiey, Stanford, Conn., for The Gerald Garden. Mrs. JAMES STEEL, New York City, for The Lillian Garden. Mrs. IRA BARRows, New York City; for The Sarah Barrows Garden. Mrs. CuHarLes K. Morrison, New York City, for The Eleanor Garden. Mrs. FREDERICK GELLER, Bronxville, N. Y., for The Bronxville Garden. Miss A. R. Russet, New York City, for The Garden of Joy. Miss Ev1zABETH MAN, Richmond Hill, N. Y., for The Two Lucys Garden. _ 190 Mrs. Biewetr Lee. Atlanta, Ga., for The W. N. F. Garden. Mr. H. F. Gurney, New York City, for The H. F. Gurney, Jr. Garden. Miss M. Moyca Newe Lt, New York City, for The Apprentice Garden. Miss KATHERINE Mayo, New York City, for The Half Deck Garden. Mrs. A. I. UNDERHILL, Babylon, N. Y., for The Babylon Dahlia Garden Garden. Mrs. D. P. Hays, Pleasantville, N. Y., for The Daniel P. Hays, Jr. Garden. Mrs. JAMES B. Taytor, New York City, for The Seldom Seen Garden. Mr. A. H. Lippincott, New York City, for The Stockbridge Garden. Mrs. A. H. Lrerincott, New York City, for The Weathersfield Garden. Mrs. W. B. Crark, New York City, for The Little Michael Garden. Mrs. L. S. Bicetow, New York City, for The Deborah Garden. Miss DEBoraH BiGELow, New York City, for The Minsy Garden. Mr. C. F. Meyer, New York City, for The Myra Garden, The Betty Garden. Mrs. CHARLES DE RuHam, JR., New York City, for The Lieut. C. de Rham, Jr. Garden. Mrs. ApotpH Zuxkor, New York City, for The Paramount Garden. Miss Mitprep Sawyer, New York City, for The Babies Hospital Garden. Mr. Puitip Sawyer, New York City, for The Budge Garden. MartHa Keep, New York City, for The Orthopedic Hospital Garden. Miss RutH ScHoE..koprF, Buffalo, N. Y., for The Arden Garden. Mrs. E. S. AucHincLoss, New York City, for The Keewaydin Garden. Mrs. F. J. Appott, New York City, for The Perseverance Garden. Mrs. Lizette J. HAMMonp, New York City, for The René Ross-Hammond Garden. Mr. Jurian Myrick, New York City, for The William Washburn Myrick Garden. Mr. WALTER JENNINGS TAYLOR, New York City, for The Walter Jennings Taylor Garden. Mr. Henry STILLMAN Taytor, New York City, for The Henry Stillman Taylor Garden. Miss Carrot, McComas, New York City, for The Carroll McComas Garden. Mr. ALvin UNTERMEYER, New York City, for The Alvin Garden. Mrs. Cuartes H. Keep, New York City, for The Buffalo Garden, The Town Hall Garden. Mrs. R. P. Stevens, New York City, for The Ray Garden. Mr. James Lincotn AsHLEy, New York City, for The Edith Garden. : Mrs. CHartes M. Newcomee, Mrs. J. A. Happen, Mr. C. S. Sanps, and Mrs. JoserH WALKER all of New York City, for four plots not yet named. ; Tue Doue.aston (L. I.) GARDEN CLus for The Douglaston Garden Club Garden. Mr. ArtHUR McCaus.anp for The Molly Garden. Mrs. J. P. Morean, Jr., for Two gardens not yet named. i, : vi | S@S WE walk through the country lanes in their summer yo glory beside which the transient beauties of our gardens often fade into insignificance, who has not felt a wish @eJ\ef3 to transport some part of their loveliness nearer home? Indeed the wish, which may seem born of indolence, would be thought well worthy of accomplishment to those less sated with the charms of our summer fields than we. The wild flowers of one part of the world are the garden flowers of another —the Englishman and Frenchman cultivate our Goldenrod and purple Asters as assiduously as do we the Poppy of Flanders’ fields, the Daffodil of England, or the counterpart of the Mourn- ing-bride which borders the country roads of France. Let us not be superior to the beauty which lies nearest, and let us, too, save a corner of our gardens in which the glory of American fields and forests may be cultivated, and if possible made lovelier by the care and cultivation under which all flowers must show some improvement. Another advantageous use may be made of the wild flower garden—to brighten a spot to which little care can be given. Perhaps you have an old homestead, or a summer ‘camp, occupied only for a short time every season yet which, in the few weeks of its occupancy, you long to see embowered in blossoms, and wearing the aspect of brightness flowers alone can give. In such a case a bed of wild flowers, once planted, will go on almost forever. They are, in their native state, a practical example of the survival of the fittest; the result of ages of neglect, and of struggles with ad- verse conditions, where they have been forced to hold their own, unprotected from winter frost and snow, against stalwart weeds of every kind. Used to such surroundings, therefore, what can be more sure to succeed than a garden where such flowers predominate? And when a little tending is awarded, they make splen- did response. When it is part of a formal garden, the wild flower bed had best be moist, cool spots. GARDENING WITH WILD ReOW ERS AUMUSILIIA JEANIE IE Ts HUB E, Bringing the Very Being of the Countryside into Intimate Association with the Home—Wherein “Wild” Gardening Differs from ‘‘Native”’ LADY-SLIPPERS GROWING AT WILL AGAINST SHRUBBERY There are four or five species of these hardy Orchids, sometimes also called Moccasin-flower, available for northern gardens. Oddly individual, they add distinct character to any “wild” planting and flourish best in rather (Cypripedium reginz here shown) separate from the rest and should under no circumstances share in its prim hedges and straight-cut paths. Here is an opportunity for one of the “nooks” beloved of land- scape gardeners—place it against a background of woods, if possible; let a winding, rustic walk lead up to it, and let no civilizing note creep in. If you are fortunate enough to have a brook or pool in your domain, this may be made a central feature upon which to work, set deep in wild Forget-me-not and Cowslip, great masses of Cardinal-flower, with touches of Purple Fringed Orchis and yellow Loosestrife here and there. At the back of the picture, marking the separation of garden from woods, the heavy leaves and great pink heads of the Joe-Pye-weed make a striking and effective screen some eight feet high. Water is so valuable a feature of the wild garden that, if none be ready to hand, let it be secured by. ar- tificial means whenever feasible. The likeness of a brook may easily be ob- tained by the laying out of a little waterway in the form of a series of pools, inter- posed with rocks and hum- mocks for the appearance of greater “reality,” lined with cement and filled by means of the garden hose. To be sure, the result will be stagnant, but if carefully done, the bottom covered with white sand and a few gold fish introduced to pre- vent mosquito larvae, this will be found not to detract from the effect. Asa brook of this kind does not pro- vide wet ground near by in which to set out moisture loving plants, in making it, concrete compartments should be built, connecting with the water in a way that will keep the soil in them moist so such plants may be grown. The open- ings connecting these com- partments with the brook must be small and covered with coarse wire netting so ‘that water may penetrate without permitting the earth to wash out. The clumsy outline is soon concealed by the plants, while any slight muddiness in the water may be prevented by a sprinkling of sand over the earth. The building of a pool is, 192 of course, a simpler matter, and here, too, connecting compart- ments should be left for semi-aquatic plants. In this, as in the brook, irregularity and absence of formality must be the gardener’s aim. Lilies, if introduced, should be of the wild varieties, or at least not differ too widely from them, nor is there here a place for the Lotus, or for any distinctively trop- ical plant, however lovely. HE “wild garden,” be it remembered, is something quite apart from the “native garden” which, though composed exclusively of flowers growing wild in its particular locality, may yet be set out as formally as any other. Obviously, the mere geographical origin of any plant does not necessarily unfit it from becoming, let us say, a part of a geometrical design. ‘The wild garden, however, has a distinctly different aim. Here flowers are set out to produce a natural effect, which is primarily a matter of treatment rather than of materials. Therefore, the presence of native flowers solely is not to be insisted upon—any dainty, graceful bloom not obviously unsuited by character to natural use may well be added, thus increasing the interest of the tiny wilderness. If no woods are available, a wall may be successfully used as a background for the wild garden—not a carefully laid wall, or even a dry wall, gay with many-colored blossoms, but an old, moss-grown mass of field stones, if you are fortunate enough to boast one. Cover it with Woodbine, with Clematis paniculata, with the Ground-nut, whose inconspicuous crimson-and-pink frilled blossoms send forth so delicious a perfume in the early fall. Let an occasional peeping boulder be left to show upon what the vines are massed; and before them set your tall sheaves of Elecampane, of Mullein, of Fireweed and Milkweed, and the gorgeous giant Joe-Pye-weed. Beneath these set the flashing red of Field Lilies, the yellow bells of Canadian Lilies, blue Vervain, Meadowsweet, Hardhack, or the Blackeyed Susans. The “ordinary garden flowers” included with them must, of course, be left largely to the taste and judgment of the in- dividual gardener; but the native blooms should form, in large measure, the backbone of the wild garden. ANY nurserymen now specialize in plants of native flowers and of named varieties of certain groups, and to buy di- rectly from them is a method preferable either to the doubtful outcome of “wildflower mixture’”’ of some seedsmen—for what flower enthusiast does not prefer to know his flowers by namer— or to the old-fashioned way of starting out, trowel in hand, along the country roads, to dig up incontinently any plant which may strike your passing fancy. The reasons for this are manifold. First of all, the grower grows with transplanting in view; he ships at the proper season, so that the risk of the garden owner is reduced to a minimum. He indicates the proper conditions under which plants should be cultivated in order to produce the best results. To be sure, wild flowers are hardy, and bear considerable rough treatment uncomplainingly; but they grow where they can, in many cases, not where they thrive best; and the trowel-armed amateur too often goes to considerable trouble to duplicate conditions in which he found a certain plant, only to discover later that the same plant does far better in the garden of a friend in quite different environment. Then, too, he who selects his flowers by the wayside transplants them while in bloom—the time when such treatment is especially dangerous. His garden is thus apt to become merely a group of flowers which bloom all to- gether and only at a given time, for few of us are fortunate The Garden Magazine, May, 1922' enough to extend our collecting during the entire summer. Again, there are wild flowers which prefer poor soil, and which are spoiled by kindness. So, from the standpoint of both flowers. and gardener, it is decidedly better to purchase one’s native stock from a grower. Another very real objection to the collecting of wild flowers by the amateur is the serious harm which has been done to our native plants by an indiscriminate gathering of them along the countryside—some of our most beautiful plants are, in conse- quence, in danger of total extinction. A striking instance of this is. the Mayflower or Trailing Arbutus, which is almost exterminated in some localities because of such destructive gathering. NOTHER pleasure of the garden in which wild flowers pre- dominate is the exchanging of varieties with friends at a dis- tance. Perhaps in their own gardens they are cultivating some of their own native plants; perhaps, in the absence of garden facili- ties, they have tried to content themselves with a more thorough knowledge of the inhabitants of neighboring fields and woods. By exchanging bits of garden lore with them, one may often unearth a variety of plant superior to that already familiar. For instance, the feathery pale purple Aster of New England, or even the deep purple one (whose tiny centre is filled with a mass of yellow and purple stamens vividly recalling to the feminine mind “French knots’’) commonly sold as perennial Aster, both here and abroad, is far inferior to the less growm but more showy large purple Aster, with a large yellow centre, so usual in southern New York and in New Jersey. In England the variety of Goldenrod most commonly seen in cultivation is the straight, spiky one which recalls the stiff and characterless. Silverrod; while the spreading sort, reminiscent of the Ameri- can Elm in shape, is not seen at all. Among flowers which worthily plead for entrance into the garden are: the wild Columbine, in red and yellow, full of airy grace; various varieties of wild Phlox—especially a lovely shade of deep rose, which seems to thrive in the worst soil and the fiercest drought; Sweet Mary, or Monarda didyma, a garden standby; also its twin brother, the Purple Bergamot, a rapid grower, free bloomer, and as | can testify from experience, practically indestructible; the yellow Dog-tooth Violet that covers your beds with a creamy carpet in spring; the Mountain Laurel, which lights the June hills of New England with a rosy snow; brilliant-hued Rhododendron; Sumac with its crimson glow—but why enumerate further? The fields are full of these and others as alluring, to possess which it is only necessary after a walk abroad through Nature’s nursery, to return and find your favorites listed in the catalogue. Under no circumstances, let me again insist, should the natural garden be formal. Massing should be its aim, like that of the impressionist artist, who throws great sweeps of color on his canvas. And in corners where delicacy is desired, what can surpass a bit of woodland, blue with Hepaticas in spring, sweet with hidden Mayflowers, and later gorgeous with the blooms of the showy Lady-slipper? But to set Lady-slippers down either side of a garden walk, or to border a gravel path with Hepatica, is to force the little woodland maiden into the paint and tawdry finery of the provincial town, and to attempt with only moderate success an effect which other blossoms, more suited to the purpose because of their very solidity and lack of daintiness, would carry off better. For environment is a force to reckon with, in the lives of flowers no less than in our own; and nowhere is it more felt than when dealing with the intangible charm of the wild garden. The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 193 J. Horace McFarland Co., Photo. PHLOX AND FORGET-ME-NOT BLOOMING IN UNTRAMMELED FREEDOM Again it is to Dr. Sargent that we turn for the perfect example of gardening in nature’s manner; all such bits of deliberately created beauty (which abound in his garden at Brookline, Mass.) seeming so fundamentally part of the native American landscape that we are more than ever convinced of the wisdom of studying nature’s ways. This is happy proof that “wild” gardening is primarily a matter of treatment rather than of materials; and, after all, the domesticated inhabitants of present-day gardens trace their ancestry out into field, forest, or glen THREE -RELIABEE-EVERGREENS=F:0 Rosine NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS MAYNARD N. HARDY MCESIRABLE as coniferous evergreens are for any prairie region they are seldom seen. The chief reason for this condition is the belief on the part of the plainsman that they will not grow. Fortunately there are a few species capable of withstanding the severe climatic conditions of the Northern Great Plains, that vast region including the western half of the two Dakotas and the eastern parts of Montana and Wyoming up to five thousand feet elevation. In no part of the country and with noclass of material is it so important to start with the right kinds as in planting ever- greens in this region. To thrive here for a long series of years, trees must at times tolerate forty degrees below zero without snow on the ground and what is perhaps a more severe test, they must go through some winters without perceptible moisture at the roots. In the summer temperatures as high as one hundred and ten in the shade are not uncommon. This heat is some- times accompanied by a blistering, dry, hot wind from the south- west. Both winter and summer the atmosphere is dry and the sunshine brilliant. Conditions like these play: havoc with all conifers native to the relatively humid Eastern part of the continent. But turn- ing from the East to the Rocky Mountain section we find a race of coniferous evergreens adapted to the plains. The hardiest and most abundant conifer throughout the West- ern mountains is the Western Yellow or Bull Pine—(Pinus ponderosa). This is a two-needled Pine. The needles are six to eight inches long and remain on for three years. This tree is a little difficult to establish, but when once established it can withstand any conditions likely to be met with. It has a very strong tap root. Two year old seedlings only four inches high have tap roots more than two feet long. C. B. Waldron of North Dakota is authority for the statement that this Pine requires only one-sixth as much moisture as the average deciduous tree, due to the resinous sap and limited leaf surface which greatly reduce the rate of transpiration from the growing tree. Where moisture is the limiting factor in tree growth, economy in its use is a matter of first importance. This is not a new tree, but its LUISA Colorado Blue Spruce (Picea pungens) Western Yellow Pine (Pinus ponderosa) 194 merits are overlooked by most tree planters. It is destined to become the leading tree for farm windbreaks in the Northwest. In the winter a double row of this Pine offers more protection than ten times as many deciduous trees. Leaving nothing to be desired in hardiness and resistance to drought, its chief use will be as a protection and background for other plants. We must turn to the Spruces for our best evergreen orna- mental material. The Black Hills Spruce (Picea alba) and the Colorado Blue Spruce (Picea pungens) lead all others in relia- bility. Like all Spruce, these are shallow rooted and do their best under cool, moist conditions. However, they thrive on the dry atmosphere and sunshine of the plains provided they do not have to compete with grass and weeds for the limited moisture. If planted on the lawn they need two or three soak- ings during the growing season and especially one late in the fall that their roots may be moist during the winter. The Black Hills Spruce, from the Black Hills of South Dakota, is a geographic form of the familar White Spruce. It is dark green in color although a few specimens are glaucous. It is a small tree with short needles and a very compact habit of growth. These modifications make it better suited for the extreme tem- perature and moisture conditions of the plains than the ordinary White Spruce from Minnesota or farther east. The Colorado Blue Spruce completes the trio of reliables. The beauty of this evergreen is familar to all. Jn nature about five per cent. of the trees are really blue, the remainder are var- ious shades of bluish green, light and dark green. When the new foliage appears in the spring no two trees are exactly alike. This characteristic gives great variety to a planting which might otherwise appear monotonous, providing the real blue form is not used to the exclusion of the equally beautiful green and in- termediate forms. This does not by any means exhaust the list of evergreens which can be grown on the Northern plains, but if these three species are carefully planted and cared for they make a reliable background or framework and no disappointments will result; other sorts may be added later under their protection with a good chance of thriving. Black Hills Spruce (Picea alba) AMONG OUR GARDEN NEIGHBORS EVERY GARDEN MEANS A HOME THE BOGIES OF PREPARATION S ONE reads the conventional books and papers on garden practice there grows up an appalling specta- cle of precision and definite formulz in the handling and growing of particular plants. That, unques- tionably, has done much to suppress the activities of the average would-be gardener. Nearly all the writers on practical gardening have approached the subject from their own view-point and assuming that others have at their command an abundant supply of different kinds of available soil have dictatorially laid down proportions and quantities for this, that, and the other crop so that primary steps of cultivation bore no inconsiderable resemblance to a physician’s prescription for the compounding of drugs. It is perhaps natural, certainly excusable, that the skilled technician should interpret himself in the terms of perfection; but it is a mistake not, at the same time, to state that these things, though the most desirable, are not pre-requisite essentials to success. Besides, success may be of degrees, and the indivi- dual gardener is usually satisfied with an average result rather than perfection of exhibition standard. Then again, convention and rule-of-thumb repetition of stereo- typed formulz all come easily and so few actually speak from the experience of trial and observation. This was forcibly brought out in one of the articles on Rose growing in the March GARDEN MacazineE. Mr. McFarland there had the temerity to hold up to question the time-honored prescription of extra deep soil preparation for the growing of Roses—the prescrip- tion that has been talked about and written about in the face of the very obvious fact that hundreds of people are growing Roses successfully, or at all events successfully enough for their personal needs, without all the such laborious and costly preparation called for by the conventions. This article has awakened a responsive chord in several quar- ters and one reader of recognized standing in the horticultural world writes: “I have long been half convinced of the sound- ness of Mr. McFarland’s philosophy, and that the three foot rule for Rose soil preparation was largely bunk—yet, notwithstand- ing, | have gone on and on teaching my students the same old stuff.” And a good many other readers have perhaps them- selves awakened to the realization that for the first time they were achieving success along unconventional lines and were do- ing this without knowing it. Without realizing the wherefore, they still stood appalled at any innovations because in the books they were told they were to have this, that, or the other requirements as a matter of dire necessity before the cultivation of a particular plant could be attempted. Unquestionably, we have been binding ourselves with fetters of convention in gardening as well as in other things, afraid to be original or not capable of thinking for ourselves, and yet it is the individual’s own course of progress that holds the great- est opportunity for future possibilities. What a lot of things we 195 know or imagine we know because we have heard them repeated over and over again, which, when put to the test, are found to be not so! In this respect gardening is a fine discipline for the mind and the soul, not that it is an eternal struggle against adversity as one horticultural divine has expressed, and therefore a most pious occupation, but that it does offer the greatest field for the reflective intellect and at the same time mental and physical recreation. To the inquiring mind, garden- ing is full of fascinating, broadening possibilities, ever and anon returning new surprises inexchange for the inquirer’senthusiasm. One man defying all the laws plants Roses and gets good blooms; another plants bulbs “‘too late’ and harvests flowers; the third, ignoring the instructions of the planting tables, plants deeply because experience has told him that otherwise his plants blow over; and soon. Not that the table was wrong, but tables can after all only express an individual experience and there is nothing so certain as the uncertainty of certain certainties of gardening. And so among the gardeners there is a pooling of human ex- perience and interchange of ideas that is pleasing to the reflec- tive and inspiring to the prospective, and where gardeners meet together they chat in friendly interchange of thought as “in after dinner talk across the walnuts and the wine.”’ And so in friendliness the neighbors chat and in their confidences contri- bute to the sum of knowledge. THE GARDEN MAGAZINE wel- comes in this particular number such amicable reciprocity of experience among the neighbors and takes pleasure in featuring it through several pages of the issue. PLANT QUARANTINE AGAIN c HE further postponement of the “conference on plant quarantine” called by the Federal Horticultural Board until May 15th still leaves time for our readers to express themselves to the Secretary of Agriculture, and to their representatives in Congress. Objection is not to a reasonable quarantine against actual menace of disease or injurious insects, but to the attitude of the Federal Horticultural Board in abrogating to itself the right to determine (as a part of quarantine regulation) what particular kind of plant, and even what varieties of a given plant may be “necessary ’ for the trade of the country. It is not a reasonable quarantine when an office of the Depart- ment of Agriculture dictates the kind of plant and quan- tity of a particular variety, even, that shall be admitted quite regardless of the question of disease menace. Readers of THE GARDEN MaGazine should also bear in mind that the Board’s Chairman has definitely asserted that the mere adornment of private estates is not sufficient use of plants to justify their in- troduction. There is further evidence, too, that other officials of the De- partment of Agriculture are looking to the imposition of further restrictions; indeed, speaking before the Society of American Florists at the annual convention last August, the Horticulturist 196 of the Department, Prof. L. C. Corbett, definitely asserted that in his opinion the restrictions would be increased rather than lessened. Is this coming conference then the official step to- ward that end? From the first THE GARDEN MAGAZINE has suspected that the Department of Agriculture was construing the powers of a quarantine for a distinctly different purpose. Dr. Marlatt, the Board’s Chairman, has indeed made the belated statement that the idea behind the Board’s administration of Quarantine 37 is to completely exclude all plants from abroad! It may or may not be a question whether all plants now ordinarily used in adornment of private estates can be produced here of an equal quality; that is not the crucial point after all. Rather it is the right of the Board to use a measure of sanitation for the pur- pose of dictating to the horticulturist what given varieties of Peony, or Iris, or Rose, or what not, it, in its bureaucratic wisdom, considers are needed for the ornamentation of our gardens. T MAY be submitted that since the Board is willing to admit plants commercially all the exigencies are satisfactorily met. The Board appears to hold that the nurserymen andflorists are the proper media for the introduction and distribution of new plants, and that they keep sufficient eye abroad to see that American gardens are up to date. The facts, however, are quite otherwise. It is perfectly well recognized among the real builders of gardening in America that the amateur is the great pioneer. The investigative spirit and the disregard for ex- pense on the part of progressive amateurs—such as form the family of GARDEN MaGazine subscribers—the enthusiasm of genuine lovers of gardens and the great botanical gardens are responsible for bringing in the new things. In both cases other amateurs see them and desiring them, create the demand The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 which forces importation by the trade. Dr. Marlatt’s disbe- lief of this obvious fact is absolutely at variance with a hun- ~ dred years of experience and with all the knowledge of any one who has kept in touch with the trend of horticultural endeavor. It simply again emphasizes the sheer wrong of putting a man, however sincere and able, todo a thing with which he has no sympathy and no intimate acquaintance. There is a basic inconsistence in the attitude of the Federal Horticultural Board as well as a basic wrong. If those plants which Dr. Marlatt is willing to let come in for propagation pur- poses are not for “the mere adornment of private estates,” what are they fore When Mrs. B., a private individual, endeavors to import new Astilbes for adorning her private estate, it is wrong and a danger that must not continue. If, however, B. & Co. (dealers) import them and sell their immediate pro- duct to Mrs. B. (amateur) that is right! Under what color of | law or equity is it within the scope of any government official to tell any individual what he wants, or where he is to get it, if that individual has the price and if its introduction is not a danger to his neighbors? You, garden owners of America, must act promptly in pre- senting your case, not to the Federal Horticultural Board, but to the Secretary of Agriculture insisting on your nights as citi- zens; also write to your senators and representatives in Congress urging that the Department of Agriculture attend to its legitimate fields of activity and stop this endeavor to control (and as we fear, strangle) the development of horticulture in the United States. EEING tne ITALIAN VILLAS,” by Leon Henry Zach has been reprinted from Landscape Architecture in pamphlet form and may be had upon application. It is a concise itinerary of villas worth visiting, their whereabouts, and how to reach them. THE OPEN, COLUMN, Readers’ Interchange of Experience and Comment Alpines of Our Own Sierras To the Editors of THE GARDEN MaGazinE: | HAVE read with delight, Clarence Lown’s and Louise Wilder’s articles on Alpines and their culture in your February number. As for the references to Miss Jekyll, she has been a life-long inspiration! Years ago, after reading her ‘“‘Wall and Water Gardens” | had a dry wall built and a pool dug within a week, and within a year had gathered, from the Alleghanies and the Adirondacks the makings of a veritable pool in the forest. For a background native Rhododendron and Azalea tumbling over a dry wall set thick with Walking-leaf Ferns; and where the rough banks sloped down to the water’s edge, the Sarraceias, Swamp Orchids, and Sundew did nicely. At different times, | had thirteen different native Orchids bloom for me in this very small corner of Long Island, within the limits of New York City (where I then lived). I] have wondered in reading the articles referred to if our native en- thusiasts have ever seen our own true Alpines in the High Sierras, though | doubt the possibility of naturalizing them at lower altitudes. When you get above eight thousand feet, the Heath family is the most conspicuous and they are true Alpines, forming mats of thickly set leaves and showery flowers. The Brianthus or Red Heather carries splendid heads of magenta flowers which make sheets of color among the rocks. The Labrador Tea (Ledum glandulosum) is more of a shrubby bush with broad white flower heads topped with a hazy lace of stamens. But of all our Heaths, and indeed of all Sierra Alpines that I know, the most enchanting is the Cassiope (C. mertensiana) or White Heath. I was only fortunate enough to find it once in its native haunts, at an altitude of about ten thousand feet, at the very end of August. In turning the corner of a great wall of rock, fringing a cleft along its base | came upon the Cas- siope, there where the croziers of the Ferns, with unbelievable optim- ism, were just uncurling from beneath the edges of the snow banks. The leaves of the White Heath are closely pressed along the stems, quite like a branch of Arborvitae, and every few inches on a delicate wiry stem, perhaps an inch long, hangs a dainty little bell, quite like Lily-of the-valley in texture and in shape. The altitude, of course, makes some difference, but I should say that from eight to twelve thousand feet was the stronghold of the most beautiful Sierra Alpines. The wonderful blue Polemonium (P. eximium) | have only found in the neighborhood of twelve thousand feet, growing in among the most impossible looking rocks. Although I have found it several times (near the top of Mt. Dana and again in the Kings River Country, just north of Mt. Whitney;) I have always been a little late to see it in its blue glory. The Alpine Willow Herb (Epilobium obcordatum) I have found. at ten thousand feet and above. Its low small-leaved stems are lost beneath the beautiful silky, rose-pink flowers. The Alpine Prim- rose (P. suffrutescens) is very much the same in color and in habit of growth, tucked close around the base or in the clefts of granite rocks, but the flowers are not so showy and the leaves form dense little rosettes at the base in true alpine fashion. There is only one of the rare Alpines that I have sought in vain, the Androsace (A. septen- trionalis) but it is always well to keep something yet to hope for and climb for. The Alpine Sorrel (Oxyria digyna) is as lovely as any flower with its brilliant crimson heads of seed elbowing the Primroses and Epilobiums, The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 There are of course an endless number of beautiful Gentians, Dode- catheons, Pentstemons, Larkspurs, Asters etc. around ten thousand feet, but they always seem to belong to a lower world and not quite deserve the high title of Alpines—Mariz MeEt&re, Los Altos, Cal. “Sweet Lime” To the Editors of THE GARDEN MaGazINE We read the letter of one of your subscribers on page 327 of your February number and took up with the Apothecaries Hall Co. of this city, which does a very large wholesale business and has a fertilizer de- partment, the question of the purchase of “sweet lime,” and they never heard of it. They can find no reference to anything of the sort; no- body can advise me. They refer me to agricultural limestone and hy- drated lime and ground limestone and Swedish lime, but nothing about that which is “sweet.”” Would not it be well for you, recognizing the fact that there are many of us who have little information or knowledge of things suburban to give us some information on the different kinds of lime?—N. R. Bronson, Waterbury, Conn. —Of course I am sorry that some readers have been annoyed about the expression “‘sweet lime.” Time out of mind it has been synonymous for slaked lime, is a commonly accepted term in chemistry and is used in text books. I presume it is called ‘“sweet” because the slaking pro- cess renders it a sweetener of soils—A. RUTLEDGE. Of Course Sweet-Peas Can Be Transplanted To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: UR “garden neighbor”’ in Seattle, Inez Fraser (see March GARDEN MAGAZINE, page 47) may be interested to learn that every grower of high class Sweet-peas raises his plants in pots or boxes and trans- plants. I was doing this nearly 30 years ago. Sweet-peas—whether raised indoors or in the open—readily transplant, but it is not wise to so treat plants that have grown more than six to eight inches unless raised in pots. In this section of the country so different from that of Seattle, one cannot hope to sow in the open much before April; therefore to get strong plants that will bloom strongly before the hot weather, in- door or frame sowing is essential. Already (March) I have on hand several hundred seedlings up in boxes. Though neighbors tell me I cannot hope to grow Sweet-peas on my soil, twenty years of experience in growing them leads me to quite another belief. Green Peas cropped well last season and where these thrive so will Sweet-peas; at least | figure it so.—TI. A. Weston, New Jersey. Circumventing Moles and Ground Mice To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: IKE many other readers of THE GARDEN MacazinE I have had great difficulty in raising Tulips, and have planted them by the hundred and had but a bare strip of ground for my reward in the spring. But now I plant Tulips with a serene assurance that | will see blossoms from the bulbs I put so carefully in the ground. My experience may be helpful tosothers unless the moles and ground mice of other gardens differ from the inhabitants of my grounds. I have found they work only in the loose soil of beds and borders and in the lawns. One fall | put Tulip bulbs in a narrow strip close to the founda- tion of my house—every one came up and bloomed; nor have I lost any of them since from the ravages of their deadly enemies. Since this success I have planted the bulbs along the side of the garage with the same result. Of course, the soil in such locations is not very good, but Tulips are not extra fastidious, and they flourish in spite of that. Ap- parently the moles like to work in the open where they can extend their runs in any direction they choose. Perhaps they also dislike grit and the constant passing of human feet. Whatever the reason, they do not work about house foundations here, although I have not put any barriers of board, stones, etc. in their way. I will be very glad if this hint helps others. This method of raising the Tulip restricts the plant- ings, but “safety first” is my motto.—A. H. B.,Del. —Inquiry was made in September issue of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE for a way to eliminate moles. If Maryland is as congenial to the operations of this tunneling pirate as Oregon, the lady has my pro- found sympathy. A map of the subways within my garden domain would be a most interesting exhibit. What a splendid irrigation system one might have if only these industrious workers could be harnessed. Many remedies are brought forward for this pest, but, after much 197 experience of ruination and trials of different things offered, I have settled down to traps and tobacco. Traps that are made for the pur- pose will really catch a good many, using a little pains and patience, and thus reduce the colony considerably. But if one has a seed-bed or Tulip patch that must be protected, then just permeate it with nicotine. It will nauseate the moles and fertilize the soil. One good smell of the tobaccoed patch will start them off to sweeter fields. Instead of plow- ing straight down the rows of newly planted Peas they may cross it in haste, but that is enough. I purchase sacks of tobacco stems from the cigar factory and, when convenient, run them through the straw-cutter for easier spreading. Some are put down into the bed before filling up and another sprinkling strewn on top for the rains to flavor the ground. The stems are in- expensive and probably worth their cost for fertilizer alone-—Cuas. F. BARBER, Portland, Oregon. —If Mrs. Applegate of Maryland is still waging war against moles, may I offer a remedy which I have used very successfully for more than fifteen years and which | have recommended to many people, who have reported equal success? Punch a hole in the runs with a cane or stick every ten or twelve feet, dropping in each hole a Castor-oil Bean. The rodents are very fond of this seed, but they never live “‘to tell the tale.””’ This method is inexpensive and effective—if Mrs. Applegate tries it, | hope to hear that she finds it so.—CHARLEs W. EBERMAN, New York. —Concerning the inquiry of W. A. Shafor, Hamilton, Ohio, about the depth to which the troublesome mole goes, W. H. Hudson says (either in “The Book of a Naturalist” or in “Far Away and Long Ago’’) that if fine woven wire is sunk three or four feet around a garden, no mole can ever get in, and that it is the easiest thing in the world to keep them out. We haven’t had a chance to try this ourselves, but control them in a measure by putting poisoned raisins in their runways.—Mrs. P. S. HERBERT, /acoma, Wash. —Do not waste energy telling the sufferers from field mice about arsenic or strychnine or any other poisons that might kill one mouse out of the hundreds. I worked for over two years before I learned of Parke Davis’ ““Azoa”’ that is a germ-carrying poison so that the destruction goes on till all have disappeared—Mrs. Wm. T. Sampson, Hancock Point, Me. Anemones in Hawaii To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: AM not having anything so pretentious as a rock garden, but I want to put some rock plants in an excavated garage which has a grotto effect of boulders. THE GARDEN MAGaAzinE has helped me immensely in planning my front yard, and so | am looking for further suggestions. I often wonder why no one mentions Spring Anemones. Is it because they won’t grow outdoors in your colder climate? With us they begin blooming in January (picked my first 18 blossoms last season on Jan. 6th) and last until June. The stems are from eight to twelve inches long and the flowers a wonderful array of colors. Everyone that sees them, immediately becomes a Spring Anemone enthusiast. They grow readily from seed if left in the seed bed until they bloom and then transplanted after they have ceased blooming.—Jessie C. BARLow, Waimea, Kauai, Hawai. —The St. Brigid Anemones (A. coronaria) do not do well in this part of the world because they suffer from summer heat as much as from the winter cold. They are grown to some extent by the florists under glass and can be seen in limited quantities. Outdoors the plants have an irrepressible tendency to start growing before spring arrives, and consequently they get their heads nipped off and never come to bloom. Such plants as we do see here are grown in coldframes with protection. The fact is that very few people will take the trouble to nurse the plants to such a degree as this. They want easy results. On the Pacific Coast—the northern part of it, at all events—Anemones are grown successfully.—Eb. A Novelty Border for Your Flower Bed To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: A FRIEND had a small bed of volunteer Petunia plants soon to bloom, and she was debating the question of a border for the bed. A Grape arbor had been pruned and the cuttings lay on the ground near by. My friend began, absent mindedly at first, to select cuttings and stick them in the ground, pushing in both ends, then setting another 2 5c YR ee AFTERNOON TEA IN THE GARDEN Every device that makes for more outdoor living is to be welcomed and the teahouse may serve as a pivot about which to build the garden nha — iE L | WHEN AFTERNOONS GROW LONG Every garden should have its flanking veranda where the gardener may look out at leisure upon the matured results of his spring plans and plantings when midsummer days incline him to indolence INVITING MY NEIGHBOR TO ENTER The friendly entrance is always a desirable feature and one to keep in mind when planning the garden; the American Pillar Rose may be used with great effect COME INTO MY GARDEN | NEIGHBORLINESS IN THE GARDEN There are many ways of achieving the friendly intimacy of aspect that we all like our gar- dens to wear—here pergola and pool offer refreshing shelter when July suns stand over- head; Japanese Iris flourish in the foreground aattt om, Ti m7 SUPPER ON THE TERRACE The paved terrace is a useful link between indoors and out and supper by sunset in the open may be made a very pleasurable and restful affair 200 the same way but overlapping the first a little. Liking the effect, she took the pruning knife and cut a quantity of the cuttings to the right length and encircled the bed with what looked, when finished, like the edge of a rustic wicker basket. After a number of rains it was observed that the beautiful, tender, pink and green early leaves of the Grape were unfolding at every bud of the unearthed cuttings. They had rooted and were growing so naturally that in time small bunches of fruit appeared here and there. When leaves grew too large for the best effect they were pinched off and small leaves started in their place, and by the time the Petunias bloomed the bed looked like a large, shallow, vine-wreathed wicker basket of brilliant flowers—a novel and beautiful effect—Mrs. M. Evans, Leavenworth, Kansas. But a ‘“Mess” Was Meant To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: CoUre you not persuade your correspondents to give up the use of that horrible word “mess” as applied to food. Surely “a dish of beans” sounds and looks infinitely better than “‘a mess of beans” which conjures up visions of “beans writhing with maggots.” No doubt there was a “‘mess of pottage’’ but language has changed during the last two or three centuries.—H. I., Canada. —RMany people rebel from the use of certain perfectly good words for personal reasons, but the dictionaries authorize “mess” as signifying “a quantity of one kind of food sufficient for one meal,” which is something more precise than a “dish’’ which conceivably may be too much for one meal. We fancy that mess was deliberately employed on page 327 of the February issue, for instance, in referring to the harvest of beans.—Ep. Flourishing Flowers in Indiana The Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: oe behavior of the Greek Mullein (Verbascum olympicum) ‘has been discussed in these columns as now biennial, now triennial. I planted seed June 23, 1920. Late in August the seedlings were trans- planted. Most of them began to bloom the first week of June, 1921, a few only waiting over. They were from four to eight feet tall, and were very beautiful for more than a month. The stalks were cut back as they began to go to seed, and the bloom continued for the rest of the summer, from lateral stalks. I should like to add a word to the praise of the Platycodon, or Chinese Bellflower, expressed some months ago. It is remarkably permanent. I know plants still living and thriving in the grass in an old garden, where no attention has been paid them for fifteen or twenty years. No one knows when they were first planted. J have raised my own from seed. They improve from year to year, and the pure white variety is particularly beautiful. Why is not the graceful Gaura more generally grown? It comes easily from seed, and though listed as an annual has been perennial with us even without mulching, coming through trying winters when sup- posedly hardy things vanished. The plants are larger and bloom more abundantly each year, and late this last summer the masses of delicate bloom were a fresh delight every morning. Our common wild Rose (Rosa setigera) is excellent grown as a climber. The shoots run high if given any support, and the bloom comes when most of the climbing Roses are over.—M. Jounston, Bloomington, Indiana. Making Colors ‘“‘Come True’’ in Concrete To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: Ps XTERIENCES given in THE GARDEN MAGazZINE at various times by experimenters in concrete garden furniture have interested me so greatly that I was finally lured to try my hand at it with more or less success. My last effort being a garden vase which I wanted to color, | added some Venetian red (dry color), to the mixture and had a good terra-cotta color when it left the mould, but alas! as it dried out, it began to exude a chalky, whitish substance which covers most of the surface and spoils the appearance of the jar. I have concluded that this came from the cement. Is there anything that could be added to the mixture to counteract this tendency and cause the color to dry out true, or anything that could be applied to the finished product that would neutralize such an effect? I have tried the latter method to some extent without results, and I will very much appreciate any light on the subject.—A. M. Rinaman, Mountain View, Cal. —Possibly the trouble experienced was caused by the use of a coloring pigment which was not of mineral composition. For use with Port- Jand cement it is necessary that a coloring pigment be of such nature The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 that it is not acted upon by the alkalies in the cement, so that it is es- sential that it be of mineral composition. Oxide of iron is usually em- ployed for securing the red shades. In purchasing coloring pigments it is well always to mention to the manufacturer that they are to be used in concrete as sometimes manufacturers have different grades for various uses. The chalky, whitish substance which appeared on the surface of the jar also may be due to efflorescence which is a soluble salt brought to the surface by moisture and deposited there when the mixture evaporates. This can be removed by a wash of muriatic acid and water mixed one part of acid and five parts of water and probably it will not recur. Sometimes the soluble salt is contained in the sand. An application of sodium silicate (waterglass) or magnesium fluo- cilicate applied to the surface probably would help matters. These fluids are on the market under various names as hardeners for concrete. —TuE ATLAS PorTLAND CEMENT ComPANY. Where Christmas Roses May Be Had To the Editor of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: N The Open Column of the March issue I note Mr. V. E. Harrison’s inquiry for Christmas Roses. Last fall I procured the Christmas Rose (Helleborus niger) from the Chautauqua Flowerfield Company at Bemus Point, N. Y.—Rosert R. Lewis, Coudersport, Pa. —Having noticed inquiries about Helleborus niger | am writing to say that I obtained healthy looking plants from Wayside Gardens, Mentor, Ohio, shortly before Christmas.—Mrs. Wo. S. WertTS, Albany, N. Y. Ice Damage in Illinois To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: M® T. D. HATFIELD’S account (in your February, 1922, issue, page 293) of the ice storm which swept the coast of New England in November was read with interest, for a similar storm swept Bunker Hill, [ll., this winter. From December 23d to December 27th the town was ice-bound, to the sorrow of its inhabitants, as nearly all their CHRISTMAS MORNING, 1921 The ice storm which hit Bunker Hill, Ill., so hard (see accom- panying text,) did not stop there; the Cedar here shown bowed over in a complete arch by the ice was at St. Louis, Mo. beautiful trees were ruined; branches 6 inches in diameter being broken as easily as twigs, while trees close to houses menaced life and property, and one person was actually killed by a falling branch. How often in the past have I admired those interlocking trees arching over the streets! —G. DrReYER, St. Louis, Mo. Our First Gladiolus Garden To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: E LIVE ina typical New York eyrie, high up in the air. My hus- band and I are both away all day working. One spring we felt justified in renting a little frame cottage for the summer within com- muting distance of New York. It was a simple, old-fashioned affair on the banks of a wooded stream. We went out in early May to look at it and suddenly:the possibility of a real flower garden leaped to mind— white Phlox against a blue sea, Lilies in the woods, Lilacs at the garden gate, and Roses in the dusk. For awhile we revelled in our dreams. The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 201 PLANTING SUGGESTIONS FOR THE NEIGHBOR WHOSE GARDEN LIES ON A HILLSIDE Great masses of bloom like this can actually transform the utilitarian retaining wall into a feature of distinct interest and charm, and such sweeping vistas fully compensate for the initial difficulty of establishing a hillside garden. The gardens of Lord Northcliffe at Cannes, France Then John said, “Of course, nothing will come of it. Neither of us has any time to spare. The cottage isn’t ours till July and then it will be too late to plant for this summer.” His skepticism was the final incentive to action. I spent my spare time reading garden magazines and seedsmens’ advertisements. Then one Saturday, I took a day off. I invested in bulbs, having decided that once in the earth, they needed less care than seedlings—my plan was very simple; to buy the bulbs and a hoe, go out and plant them, and leave the rest to Nature. I had 200 of the newest Gladiolus bulbs, both early and late blooming varieties and two or three each of Liliums auratum, tigrinum, and speciosum; some Hemerocallis. I wanted Iris, too, but decided they would bloom too early for a July cottage. Toward the end of May on a day to make your heart glad we put in the Gladiolus along the bank of the stream, beginning at the right with the blue Baron Hulot; then yellow Schwaben, Niagara, and Dawn; through whites, Peace and Rochester; pinks, Panama, Desdemona, Mrs. Frank Pendleton; to end with a blaze of red, War. The Lily bulbs were put in separate clumps, tigrinum at the front doorsteps; Hemerocallis at the edge of the woods, opposite the dining-room window and the rest near the porch facing the stream. Then we went away and left them. The Gladiolus became a regular part of my nightly prayers, which were answered. A line of exquisite color ran along our river bank from the very first day of our arrival, when a Pink Beauty blossomed to greet us, through August when Baron Hulot burst into rich indigo bloom. The last week of July the Lilies broke into flower. Though I have great plans for the future I doubt if anything will ever be lovelier than our first Gladiolus Garden! —G. E. Atsop, New York. Why Do Tulips “Break’’ ? To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: i NOVEMBER, to19, Mr. Sherman R. Duffy had something to say on various beliefs of his regarding Tulips that provokes me to reply, even at this late date. “Why do Tulips break?” “Why it breaks and when it will do so none can tell.” Very reckless statements. He has not read the goy- ernment bulletin on bulb-growing which says the cause is the mosaic disease. 1 would usea less high-sounding name, and call it blue mould; possibly two diseases that look alike. However, not every diseased bulb “breaks” the colors of its blossom. It is my opinion that every bulb that “‘breaks,”’ will show blue mould on the bulb and on the under- ground part of the stem if pulled up when the break appears. Still, it may be that anything which interferes with the normal functions of the plant may cause the break. I believe the break becomes evident the spring following the planting of the bulb. Ifa bulb is left in the ground several years, and does not show a break the first year, it will not in any subsequent year until after the bulb is dug and reset. This is a fact of great practical value in keeping a commercial line true totype. “ the ultimate destiny of any self-colored Tulip.” I do not believe it. | think there are many Tulips which harbor no tendency to break. I have never seen a broken Bouton d’Or, La Tulipe Noire, Gesneriana, and others, and do not expect to. On the other hand, there are varieties which break con- stantly and in heavy quantities. “Why is a Parrot?’”’ An utterly foolish question. Why is a turnip? Why is a Geranium? Why is John Smith? Why is a squash bug? I do not believe that the Parrot Tulip is always a Bizarre, for the statement that a Parrot is always striped is not true, and the kind of striping that most of the striped Parrots have is not the kind of striping characteristic of the Bizarre type. The habit of the Tulip to break is a nightmare to the commercial grower. However beautiful a break may be, he does not want to see it. A striped Tulip may be exquisitely beautiful as a single bloom, but a mass of it does not make a desirable bouquet, as the flower form and character are lost in a meaningless mass of little speckles. It is my opin- ion, too, that it is the tendency of broad handsome stripes to deteriorate year by year into stripes smaller and smaller until even the individual bloom has lost all character. I have seen the statement that a broken bulb never gives a reversion to the original color. As the stripes are constantly varying, | do not 202 “BROKEN” OR “RECTIFIED” TULIPS These are really the matured forms of hybrids of which the self- colored breeders are merely juvenile forms; after having “ broken ” or matured, these adults will not change in later years think the statement necessarily true. At any rate, it is one not safe to make. Also | have seen it stated that broken forms are permanently weak in comparison with the unbroken bulbs from which they origi- nated. This | know is not true. Occasionally one may be, but I have a plenty that are not. “There is a lot of nonsense about the impossibility of moving the bulbs until they are thoroughly ripened A Tulip bulb may be dug even when in full bloom—and moved with safety, providing it is lifted carefully with a full quota of roots and soil adhering and is given attention after being planted, in the way of watering, until it has rip- ened its bulb.” To be sure; but that is not moving it, any more than carrying a potted Geranium from one window to another is moving the Geranium. I once read about “thief bulbs,” with a statement that they are a great mystery, and a surmise that perhaps they are a reversion to type. There is no mystery about them, and no excuse for fanciful surmises. Any variety can be a thief bulb if a bulb of it gets thrown among the bulbs of a variety that has larger.bulbs. Clara Butt would operate as a thief bulb in a planting of Farncombe Sanders, Bouton d’Or in any variety of Darwins, etc. The bulbs, on account of being smaller, constantly grade back into the planting stock. The only way to get rid of them is to dig them up and destroy them when their blos- soms appear. Even then there will always be bulbs smaller than of blooming size which will remain to give further trouble. If a planting is left three years without digging, and the thieves are carefully re- moved each year, the stock may or may not be completely freed from them, but will be practically so for a few years. There is one special variety to which | suppose the name is commonly applied, a small, very inferior, slender flower of the color of Inglescombe Pink. It makes very small bulbs, and an enormous quantity of them.—BENJAMIN C. AUTEN, Missouri. The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 —Perhaps the following remarks will tend to clear the situation; there is nothing really mystifying. “Broken” or “rectified” Tulips are the matured forms, while the self-colored breeders are juvenile forms of hy- brids. If Tulips are raised from hybrid.seed, the flowers first produced are as a rule self-colored, a few may be “‘rectified” or adults from the first, and any such will not change in later years. The self-colored, or breeders tend to “break” into feathered forms, but the time required is not definite. And that worried the old-time fanciers of “Florists Tulips’’—they wanted breaks—and set no value on the breeder, which is the favorite to-day. Thus does fashion change in floral fancies. Of course species, like T. Gesneriana, for example, do not break. A “bi- zarre”’ is a broken Tulip having the color, whatever it may be, on a yellow ground. A “Parrot” is a iaciniated form. In the bulb grow- ing districts of Holland a tendency to develop narrow petals is noted in some varieties normally broad petalled. The bulb bearing such a bloom is termed a “thief.”—Ep. Where, Oh Where Are Our “Old-Fashioned Pinks??? To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: EING one of the numerous amateur gardeners who have long sought in vain the “old-fashioned Clove Pink” I am hoping that perhaps someday someone will write a really clear article about Pinks and tell us exactly what they all look like and what they will do. I hope it will begin with Dianthus plumarius, stating clearly that while it is one of the integral parts of the old-fashioned garden, it is not the hardy Clove Pink we remember; but is the single, fringed Grass or Spice Pink, sometimes but not always fragrant, that it has a variant in a lovely smooth-edged flower like an Apple blossom—and another that is slightly double. There is much uncertainty to be cleared up about the various forms of annual Pinks which, as far as J have ob- served, have none of the graces of the hardy Pinks. Then maybe we shall learn something about the “‘old-fashioned double white fimbria- tus’’ which the English catalogues describe as powerfully fragrant—and some of the others that are all as easily grown as annuals. And again we shall discover which varieties are hardy here in the North without special protection.—R. F. Howarp, South Lincoln, Mass. OUR REMUNERATIVE RHUBARB PATCH In Apple blossom time we sell fifty dollars worth of Rhubarb from four rows one hundred and thirty feet long. Cora June Sheppard, Shiloh, N. J. One of Nature’s Bag of Tricks To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: hee accompanying illustration shows a natural graft or a graft which has been accomplished without the assistance of man. As this now stands, two large trunks of the same species of Oak arise from rather close contact near the ground and at a height of about 8 feet a lateral branch from one trunk extends across on a slant to the other trunk and is completely united with it. Above the union the diameter is considerably greater than is the diameter of either of the parts below, but the graft is so complete that the part above is symmetrically The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 cylindrical and no trace can be seen on the surface of the two separate branches that united to make one. This particular graft must have occurred at a time when the tips of the two branches came into con- tinued and close contact, and after the union the subsequent growth ap- pears to have continued quite as for a single terminal bud. It is very probable that man first obtained the idea of the possibility of making grafts and using them in horticulture from observing natural grafts similar to the one here illustrated. At any rate such grafts are occasionally to be found; and graftage along much the same methods as are now employed is an old art practised possibly before the time of written history. It is to be noted that, in one particular at least, nature’s method is somewhat more complete than.man’s. The method of artificial grafting most closely resembling the natural graft is that of inarch- ing; but in this the graft is made below the growing tips. Two stems, each attached to its own root system, are bound together with cut surfaces of each in close contact, during which the two are in the position of the two sides of the letter K or the letter X. After the graft is ac- complished the branch of one is cut below and that of the other above the union and thus the top of one plant is transferred to the root sys- tem of the other. But in the natural graft, the rule is that the two branches which are first separate become merged into one. While man m3 Uys ex 3 ee : Ze WHEN NATURE DOES HER OWN GRAFTING Two Oaks in a natural grove on the estate of Mr. Henry Hunter near Pleasantville, Westchester County, N. Y., that have grown together in this extraordinary fashion which surpasses man’s most ingenious methods of grafting has developed many ingenious methods of grafting and budding which it is not possible for nature unaided to accomplish, he has not success- fully duplicated nature’s art of uniting two growing buds into one.— A. B. Stout, New York Botanical Garden. The Heart of My Garden To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: iE THE heart of the home is the fireplace surely that of the garden is to be found in the fountain, pool, bird-bath, or wherever water trick- les, falls, or lies in basins. It is to this magnet we are drawn when we run out for a breathless moment on fine spring mornings to see whether the Jonquils are up. As may be seen in the photograph, a formal garden twenty feet deep and ninety feet long was laid out at the very boundary line of the grounds. This was enclosed with a brick wall back of which, on the alley side, Lombardy Poplars had been planted some years ago to shut out an offending “offscape.”’ A long curving walk runs the length of the garden, broadening in the centre toa tiny “plaza” where the stone benches, harmonizing in tone and design with the fountain-head, are = Sata ANNUALS FOR AN EMERGENCY Though walls and walks were not finished until late spring yet borders and beds were soon a riot of Snapdragons, Zinnias, White Tobacco, Calendulas, Mignonette, Sweet Alyssum, etc., which bloomed steadfastly until time to make way for more permanent planting in the fall. Garden of Mrs. Walter King Sharpe, Chambersburg, Pa. (See accompanying text) placed. Narrow walks bisect the beds on either side and make a balanced planting possible. For an emergency planting last summer (the walks were not laid nor the beds staked out until May) special dependence was placed upon annuals, although shrubs and vines were planted against the wall, Box trees were disposed at strategic points for emphasis, and such perman- ent material as Hardy Phlox and Tea Roses went into their appointed nooks. Calendulas and Mignonette were used around the pool, and in the beds White Zinnias, White Tobacco, Snapdragons in pink and maroon, Larkspur, and on the edges Sweet Alyssum and Swan River Daisy. A carefully planned placing of permanent stock was carried out last fall. This included planting among the shrubbery in the curved border along the walls single varieties of Peonies as Albiflora, the Moor, and Apple Blossom; Mullein raised from seed obtained from Newry, Ireland; Erigeron, Foxglove, Hemerocallis kwanso flore pleno and Veronica spicata; and on the margin Aubretias in lavender and purple to accompany the Daffodils which lie thickly below. The two central beds on either side of the little “plaza”’, which must be tidy and presentable at all times, are to be filled with pink Baby Rambler Roses and edged with Nepeta Mussini. The two farthest beds are a well balanced composition (I almost said harmony) of Perry’s Delphinium and Yellow Foxglove, white and claret-colored Columbine, rose and pink Phlox, Shasta Daisies, Michaelmas Daisies with Dianthus, Iberis, Alyssum saxatile, and Aubretias along the edges.—HELEN M. SHARPE, Chambersburg, Pa. Origin of Red Cross Dahlia To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: 6) PRO an oversight, the Dahlia Red Cross was listed in our March announcement as a Holland introduction. We very much regret this error and would like to state that it was originated in New Jersey by Mr. John Anderson.—VAN BourGoNDIEN Bros. L. J. 204 The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 When The Iron Fetters of Quarantine Are Felt To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: ee present quarantine prohibits the importation of practically all nursery stock and bulbs except Tulips, Hyacinths, Narcissus, Lilies, and certain Roses and fruit stocks for budding and grafting. In addi- tion, it is permissible to bring in material urgently needed for propaga- tion, if the Federal Horticultural Board can be convinced of that need. On most items, however, this amounts to practically prohibition, since the F. H. B. will make a survey of the number of plants of a given variety in the country, and decide whether or not the quantity is ade- quate. In many instances, the amount of stock is undoubtedly ade- quate, but it is not available, since the owners of the stock will not in the circumstances, dispose of it to their competitors. This year we requested a permit to bring over a considerable amount of nursery stock for propagation. The permit to import was refused on the grounds that there was plenty of stock in the country, and while this was undoubtedly true, so far as we were concerned the stock might well have been on the moon, since we could not secure possession of it. Another difficulty in connection with the operation of the present quarantine is the method of inspection by the Government, which, in most instances, subjects the stock to long and ruinous delay. We have brought over some small amounts of material imperatively neces- sary to us for propagating purposes, and in practically every instance the stock was ruined when we received it. As a landscape architect, in writing specifications | was formerly concerned entirely in deciding what was the best plant for a given position, since any plant specified could be secured. Since the quarantine I have to concern myself in selecting the best available plant even when this involved the elimina- tion of other plants much better adapted to the purpose. The reason put forward for the quarantine is that unrestricted im- portation opens the country to a grave danger from insect pests and plant diseases. Undoubtedly there is a very considerable amount of truth in this. However, we are of the opinion that proper inspection can control this, even better than the present quarantine. When the Pennsylvania inspection service was a joke (we have real inspections now), we watched our stocks, destroyed suspicious material, and used all known preventions, not because of the fear of State or Federal authorities, but as a cold-blooded business proposition. The present quarantine, while burdensome, is in many respects still tolerable, since the public, as might have been expected, is paying the cost. Were the quarantine extended to include Tulips, Hyacinths, Narcissus, Crocus, etc., the result would be disastrous. It is our frank opinion that this material cannot be grown commercially in the United States. We ourselves have carried on experiments covering a period of some thirty-five years, in order to discover if it was feasible to grow this material here. Several attempts have been made to do it on a commercial scale, but without exception, every one of these attempts has finally failed. We have secured and examined the bulbs of all the commercial experiments to which our attention has ever been called and, in each instance, the reason for the failure was obvious. The bulbs were so decidedly inferior that they could not even rate as second class. There seems to be, under cover, another reason for the quarantine, to wit, the establishment of the industry in America. The bulb houses have no objection to this, provided that this establishment of the in- dustry is not made at their expense. All the bulb houses require is an adequate supply of strictly first class material which can be distributed at a commercial price. It is certain that no such supply exists at pre- sent, and it is doubtful whether it can ever be developed. The exten- sion of the quarantine would simply mean that millions of persons would be deprived of having a few flowers in their gardens, for the simple reason that they could not afford to buy the bulbs etc-—RHEA F. Ex_uiott, Pittsburg, Pa. —Another of your readers has bumped into that exasperating Quaran- tine 37, and writes to you for advice and sympathy. About six weeks ago I ordered Delphiniums to the value of fifteen dollars from Kelway & Sons, Langport, England. Upon receipt of the order they wrote that it would be necessary for me to obtain a permit for the shipment. After floundering, puzzled and indignant, through reams of literature from the bureau at Washington, this one sentence stands out from all the rest: ‘‘Permits will not be issued—for the importation of plants— for the mere adornment of private estates.’’ Now that’s just what | want the plants for, only mine is not an “estate,” but merely a 60 by 100 foot flower garden. Does it mean that a “private citizen’ really cannot import a few plants for his little garden, or is there still some- thing that I can do to obtain these coveted Delphiniums?p—Eva D. OxveE, Manitowoc, Wis. —Will you have the kindness to lét me know where I can procure bulbs or seeds of any variety of Fritillaria, and the seeds or roots of Eranthis hyemalisPp—F. R. Furness, Upper Bank Farm, Media, Pa. —In the March number of the GARDEN Macazine (page 17) | notice that it is time to plant Achimenes. Could you tell me where bulbs of this flower can be procured? I have tried in vain for the last three years. to get some.—W. A. TANNER, Minneapolis, Minn. —The matter of getting Galanthus, Scilla, and Chionodoxa to renew my supply concerns me extremely, and | should be glad to know how they may be raised from seed (as mentioned by Mr. Bayne of Macon, Ga., in the Open Column of the March number) and where seed may be produced if the process is not too difficult for the ordinary amateur. In accordance with Mr. Bayne’s suggestion may I offer the following information: (1) Frederick H. Horsford, Charlotte, Vt., advertised Scilla in the fall of 1920. I ordered some—too late—therefore wrote again early last fall; he had only small bulbs at such a high price that I thought it not worth while. (2) I also ordered Muscari from Dreer last fall and found them unable to supply it. Seeds of Chionondoxa and Scilla were offered by Thompson & Mor- gan, England, some time ago, but were not included in the 1921 catalogue. Seeds of Helleborus niger and modern hybrids are offered by the following firms: Thompson & Morgan (above mentioned); Carter-Thorburn, New York City; Joseph Breck & Sons, Boston, Mass. Seeds of Helleborus hybrids are offered by Thomas J]. Grey Co., Boston. Carl Purdy, Ukiah, California, offers Helleborus orientalis abchasicus rubens, a “‘reddish flowered sort of much beauty, flowering in midwinter.”—R. F. Howarp, South Lincoln, Mass. —I suppose all garden enthusiasts get some idea in their minds about some special plants that they want for their gardens, and leave no stone unturned to accomplish their ambitions. For about five years | have tried to get some Eranthis hyemalis or Winter Aconite inmy garden. In November, 1918, I was very happy when I succeeded. in securing fifty little dried up bulbs—all that were available—from Dreer. I planted them at once with some Snowdrops delivered at the same time. The following spring the Snowdrops all came up, but ] never saw a sign of the Winter Aconite. Ever since I have been en- deavoring to find a place where | could buy more bulbs, but of course Quarantine 37 has kept them from being imported. Perhaps some reader of THE GARDEN MAGazineE can help me in my hunt for Winter Aconite. Another plant that I have tried, without success, to introduce into my garden is Aubretia. I have a package of seeds from England to. be put in this spring in the hope of better success than had with plants, all of which thus far received having been so thoroughly dried out before reaching me that they never recovered.mMrs. WALTER E. Tosie,. Portland, Me. —Would you please advise me who makes a specialty of raising Palms? I] am establishing a small collection of these plants and would like to get Rhapis flabelliformis, but it is not listed in the latest catalogues of several of the larger dealers—FreD C. Eckwortu, Lakewood, Obio. —There are a number of valuable hardy and greenhouse plants which during the last few years seem to have disappeared entirely from nurserymen’s catalogues. Perhaps some of your readers can help me- find the shrubby red Fuchsia Riccartoni; the spreading dwarf evergreen rock-plant, Lithospermum prostratum, with its exquisite blue flowers; and the two old greenhouse favorites Justicia (originally from Peru, | believe) and Daphne odora. I have one plant of the latter, for which I am indebted to the kindness of a lady whom | have not the pleasure of knowing personally, and I would very much like some more, especially the pink variety. Last summer in Maine a flower-loving farmer’s wife gave me some slips of what was known there as Star of Bethlehem— a very charming little plant. It is quite dwarf in growth, with round- ish, glossy, bright green leaves and is extremely floriferous. The white flowers are single, five-pointed, about an inch across, and remind me of.a miniature Platycodon. I believe the donor said there was also a pink flowering variety. Can any of your readers identify itp—A. Dwicut, New York City. The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 It’s Never too Late to Mend With Over 80% It’s Never too Late to Plant You can plant all summer the things we say you can. They are guaranteed to grow satisfactorily. The price is right. In May you can come to the nursery and pick out the crab apple, azaleas, iris, and many, many others, and take them home with you. You do not need a technical education or to employ a technically ed- ucated gardener to have a beautiful gar- den. You can have a garden that is talked about. You don’t need to go to the expense of planning a big area, grading, a big gang of laborers, and a big bill. For the price you save on a picnic dinner you can sat- isfy yourself with a garden corner. You and your neighbors are perfectly good friends, but you rather not look into each other’s windows. There is room for a belt of evergreens between. We don’t stop planting when the soft growth comes out, because the roots are prepared. In front of the evergreens you can put a border of flowers and your neighbor a bird bath or seat. ' In May, shade will be welcome. Can you use a group of trees fifteen or twenty feet high at $8.00-$15.002 Three trees may just take away the new look and make a place for a swing. Do you want them bigger, twenty years old? They are ready, and we move them in full leaf and guar- antee satisfactory growth. Are you willing to work and grow your own food? Come to the nursery and load up your car with apples, pears, peaches, plums, blackberries, raspberries, strawberries, and asparagus. Your neigh- bor says it is too late. It is not, because your car takes them home so quickly that you can make them live, even after the leaves come out. Bird feeding fruits and shelter from hawks can be planted in May. Does the Garden Club and Civic Associ- ation want to beautify the town? Take some photographs, sketch on what you want to do and we will do it. If it is for the public good, we will add some free. Visit the Hicks Plantateria Assembled near the office are thousands of plants ready for you all summer. Some are heeled in in the ordinary way that can be taken up, pruned, and the roots kept moist and put in your car. Others are in pots, tubs and boxes. Pots and flats of annuals are ready as asters and tomatoes. Others are ready with a ball of earth in burlap. Larger trees you can pick out and have them dug. ) (signed) HENRY HICKS (Mention Garden Magazine) HICKS NURSERIES Westbury Box M, Long Island, N. Y. STE te Ba 2 BOS aie ae Pee _7 UG o cee Some First Hand Facts On Owning Your Own Greenhouse We made our greenhouse catalogue with a determination to get away from the usual cut-and-dried treatments, and make it a real help to those who would know the genuine joys and advantages of greenhouse possession. It tells interestingly of our every type of greenhouse and shows even more than it tells. It contains plenty of plans of practical layouts and is replete with vital information about greenhouses and conservatories. The text is told in a chatty kind of a way that makes pleasurable reading. You are heartily welcome to a copy. The name is “Owning Your Own Greenhouse.” Hitchings 7 Gmp any Home Offices and Factory: Elizabeth, N. J. New York, 101 Park Avenue Boston-9, 294 Washington Street Philadelphia, 133 South 12th Street Beautiful, Bountiful, Brittle Beans “String beans without strings.”’ Genuine Brittle Wax. Special mountain grown seed. Early. Plant up to July 20th, 4b. 20c; lb. 35c; 3 Ibs. $1.00, prepaid. (Bag weighed in.) Free! Whether you buy or not, we will send a liberal demonstration packet absolutely free. Post card request sufficient. J. D. Long Seed Company, Boulder, Colorado 206 The Garden Wecaemne: May, 1922 When America Moves Outdoors— When May sunshine and warmth coax all humanity to revel in the return of fairer season, then the problem of outdoor comfort comes to the fore and we are ready to help you solve it! : One profit only. One hundred cents worth Rosen Ae, No. 35 of honor built merchandise for every dollar spent with Garden Craft. GARDEN CRAFT PORCH SWINGS Our swings are made of oak, a beautiful golden color. They are framed together in such a manner that they will last many years. We do not hesitate to say that these swings are the best made regardless of price as regards material, design and workmanship. Money will be gladly refunded if they are not thoroughly satisfactory. Shipped wrapped in burlap. The Fame of Jacobs Bird-Houses Is Known In Every Land No. 35 Porch Swing lena lin Tit «= lm «= No. 75 Porch orLawnSet et a4 » § Keep bolts tight and Seat 18 in. wide. Back i | Wie == [all y this set will last a lifetime. 24 in. high. Seat shaped less i e-seeeeeseeeeeee | ey fe, $0.50: 5 fe, to fit the form very com- ! W] §©=-: $10.50; 6 ft., $14.00. Rock- fortably. 4 ft., $9.50; 5 (\ 4 |e ll er, $9.00. Chair, $8.50. ft., $10.00; 6 ft., $10.75. p iporenvor LawnlSer News: All prices f.0.b. Crystal Lake, Ill. No. 55 COUCH SWING with Cushion Common Sense Comfort Adjustable head rest. Can be made into an ordinary porch swing, or a couch hammock, giv- ing you all the comforts of the canvas swing except}the seat, being airy and Commontables Seat 22 in. wide. Back 24 in. high. 6 ft. long, including cushion, $17.50. Quite a variety of other sets, porch swings, lawn swings, different sizes at uniformly moder- ate price are obtainable. Please ask for freely illustrated circular. GARDEN CRAFT Bs 5 Lake Street Crystal Lake, III. all Manufacturers of Garden Furniture, Pergolas, Arbors, Trellises, etc. Beautify your grounds and help your bird neigh- bors by using the JACOBS colony houses for the Purple Martin. Individual nest-boxes for the Bluebird, Wren, Chicadee, Swallow, Nuthatch, Titmouse, Flicker and Woodpeckers. Bird Baths and Drinking Fountains; Feeding Devices for Winter Birds. Government Sparrow Traps and Bird Bander’s Traps. Beautiful illustrated booklet describing our prod- ucts free. Name this magazine and receive a copy of The American Bird-House Journal. Over 39 years’ experience with birds. Jacobs Bird-House and Manufacturing Co. Waynesburg, Pa. A dollar invested in Flowers is money well spent. BEAUTIFUL DAHLIAS Easy to grow. Will bloom, and give satisfaction. In our Dollar Dahlia Collection, Quantity, Quality and Economy meet. 15 choice different varieties of Dahlias. Including Cactus, Decorative, Fancy, Show, and Peony varieties. Labeled true to name, £1.00 postpaid anywhere. Send for our up-to-date Dahlia Catalogue. It’s free for the asking. Enterprise Dahlia Farm, Harry L. Pyle, Atco, New Jersey SUN DIALS Real Bronze Colonial Designs From $4.50 Up Memorial Tablets Also other garden requisites Manufactured by The M. D. JONES CO. Concord Jct., Mass. Send for illustrated Catalogue FREE CATALOGUE Modest Little Bird’ s es Violet ‘J 4@ og Vee PEDATA, with its pretty leaves and large pale blue _/ > single flower, craves the pleasure of adorning parts of your “ ™ rock garden or hardy border. Among the almost dozen distinct forms of Violas which we offer, none surpass in free flowering qualities this little gem which seemingly thrives in all situations. Rosalie’s Humming-Bird Feeding Flower A beautiful almost indestructible flower, with an attrac- tion which keeps these tiny birds constantly about the border. Used with great success in gardens of many large estates. Colors red, blue and yellow. Price $1.00. Address, BROOKWOOD, East River, Conn. Bird’s Foot Violet pot-grown plants, 20c each, $2.00 per dozen Add This to Your Rockery or Hardy Garden Here are a few hardy perennials equally suitable for rock garden walk or for the informal border: Aster or Michaelmas Daisy, Climax Dicentia eximia, the dwarfest and Rote lyendes blue of finest ioe ceintiest fommich tcesine Heart, A thrifty grower and profuse earing rose-pi lowers in early bloomer. spring. Fine for Rockery. owering rien & Papaver orientale—the most gor- Physalis Franchetti—the quaint, geous Oriental Poppy, brilliant yet pretty, Chinese Lantern Plant. = scarlet flowers during June. Forms coral red fruits. Fine for l R E E S Sedum kamtchaticum—one of Hallowe'en decorations. the most ornamental of the stoloni- Salvia azurea grandiflora—a fine ferous Stone Crops. form of azure blue Salvia. - FROM JAPAN gra 6 Prices:—Any of the above 20c each, $2.00 per dozen LE” y ae CHINA AND PERSIA A postal card now will insure TJheGARDEN you a well timed invitation to see NURSERIES our Japanese Cherries in bloom. AE: WOHLERT Zhe CARDEN NURSENES a. Special Offer:—We shall mail 2 fine plants of each of above six specialties, 12 plants in all, for $2.00 postpaid Please ask for catalogue of Palisades popular per- ennials. Our specialty is pot-grown plants in bot choice, unusual and every-day old time favorites. PALISADES NURSERIES New York Te cnn DEPENDABILITY ) N 79 A.D., Pompeii,summer resort for wealthy Romans, a was blotted out by Vesuvius. For fifteen hundred years its secrets lay locked in their lava tomb. When the lost city was finally uncovered, it was found that bronze had melted, marble had crumbled, votive tablets and parchments had turned to dust, but the records of the past were preserved in all their freshness and beauty on the Stucco Walls. Details of costume, color, little expressions of everyday life are accurately repro- duced from mural decorations done in the time of the Caesars. Earthquake, fire; the slow process of attrition which came when cinders and ashes settled into.a solid mass, failed to impair the durability of stucco. t When you build today, you, too, can make your home permanent. Atlas White Portland Cement, properly applied as a finishing coat, is just as enduring as was the stucco of the First Century. Atlas White is made more carefully, more scientifically than was the cement of the Romans, and it offers the same sturdy resis- tance to fire and to the ravages of time and atmosphere. It is so dependable that it has won the reputation “The standard by which all other makes are measured.” Used alone, it furnishes a fine permanent white surface, or it furnishes a base for any color desired; and an infinite variety of textures is offered in the manner in which it is handled. If you think of building, go to the nearest Atlas Portland Cement dealer and ask him for Atlas literature on home building and on remodeling old homes. He'll be glad to advise you and to explain what Atlas service means. THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY New York Chicago Birmingham Boston Philadelphia St. Louis Des Moines Dayton , oat segment NSS rr ere een — | (0) AYTIME—time to redecorate winter-worn rooms, to add a fresh touch of beauty here and there about the house; to make the summer home ready for enjoyable occupancy. And what could be more lovely than these colourful silks, for drapery, screens, table runners, lamp-shades, even négligées? A treasured Pillement design is shown in the dainty tea-gown, while a new “Sheik Stripe”’ is displayed by the chairand cushion. All are Cheney Silks—Florentine, Shiki, Geisha, Sweetbriar, Mysore, Satin Princess and Corean. Obtainable in decorating and dress silk departments at prices surprisingly moderate. The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 209 PEONIES My preliminary price list of Peonies, in which I list the best varieties of the 850 kinds growing in my garden, now ready for distribution. May I send you a copy? I will also send my Iris list, if you wish. LEE R. BONNEWITZ Washington St. Van Wert, Ohio The Glen Road Iris Gardens SPECIALIZE IN RARE AND FINE VARIETIES OF BEARDED IRISES Send for List Grace Sturtevant, Prop. Wellesley Farms, Massachusetts Gardening, Farming and Poultry Husbandry the new profession for Women SCHOOL OF HORTICULTURE, Ambler, Pa. 18 miles from Philadelphia. Two year Diploma Course, entrance Sep- tember, and January. Theory and practice. Unusual positions obtain- able upon Graduation. Spring Course April 4th to June 24th. Summer Course August 1st to 26th. Circulars. ELIZABETH LEIGHTON LEE, Director ORCHIDS Largest importers and growers of OrcHimps in the United States Send twenty-five cents for catalogue. This amount will be refunded on your first order. LAGER & HURRELL Orchid Growers and Importers SUMMIT, N. J. Rose Arches 4 ft. wide Galvanized $13.50 Each | Any Size or Shape Made to Order WIRE & IRON FENCE | —for every purpose Trellises Entrance Gates | Tennis Backstops BROOK 4 is IRON WORKS, Inc. : Dept.G 37 Barclay St., | New York, N. Y. We import, each year, large quantities of Dutch Bulbs, Daffodils among them. To encourage liberal planting, we offer a special collection of 1,000 Bulbs, composed of the choicest named sorts in well-balanced mixture, in original crates, at $30.00 each. One-half case containing 500 Bulbs $20.00. But in order to bene- fit by this special low offer, your order must reach us not later than July 15th. Send no money—just order; we shall advise you when bulbs are ready for shipment. Darwin Tulips and Hyacinths, too— ask for our special import price list We can save you money on your Bulb gardens. By knowing just how many bulbs to import we eliminate the element of chance in over stocking. You are the gainer if you act promptly and order definitely before July 15th. We have first choice from the lat gest collection of Darwin Breeder and Cottage tulips in the world. Conducting our business in the country, our operating costs are small. We do not maintain a city office or pay high rents for astore. All these savings and many others are put into “quality”; which are good things to remember. Wayside Gardens, : Mentor, Ohio Our Nursery Products will create any artistic garden effect desired. Nurserymen & Florists New Jersey NTT Pn niS apr NCAA A Daffodils for Naturalizing _ Imported to Your Order ULL 210 The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 GENUINE ‘PHILADELPHIA LAWN MOWERS Highest Grade Lawn Mowers Made Known All Over the World Most Up-to-date and Most Complete Line on the Market Guaranteed Against all Defects MADE FOR Durability Service and Satisfaction A MOWER FOR EVERY PURPOSE 18 Styles HAND Mowers 4 Styles HORSE Mowers 3 Styles MOTOR Mowers Style “‘GRAHAM” all steel Style ‘‘A’”’ all steel Practically Indestructible. Only all steel mowers made Original people in the lawn mower _ business Established in 1869 OVER FIFTY-THREE YEARS DOING ONE THING WELL If your dealer cannot supply you, write us direct CATALOGUE AND PRICES 30” Walking type 30” Riding type 40” Riding type ON REQUEST Combination ROLLER and LAWN MOWER The Philadelphia Lawn Mower Company 3ist and Chestnut Streets Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. A. Plainfield Nursery -anazcape contractors Scotch Plains, New Jersey ROSES, EVERGREENS, RHODODENDRONS AZALEAS, etc. 100,000 California Privets 20,000 Barberry—size 1-5 ft. We grow the best. Visit our nursery or ask for catalogue Mention GarpEN Macazine *Phone Fanwood-1439 Grounds of Donald S. Tuttle, Naugatuck, © Connecticut. Planned and planted by our Landscape Department. Landscape effects like this do not “just happen”; they must be carefully planned long in advance. Start this spring with a definite plan in mind— a group of evergreens here; there a stately beech or elm to intercept the afternoon sun. Consider a Box-barberry hedge for the formal garden; shrubs for foundation massing and for border plantings; hardy Ibolium Privet for hedges. Be sure to have climbing roses for trellises and walls; roses and perennials for the garden, and don’t forget the small fruits for the kitchen garden. Write for our 1922 catalogue—it tells you how to use plants for best results. THE ELM CITY NURSERY CO. WOODMONT NURSERIES, INC. Box 191, New Haven, Connecticut The Pioneer Landscape Nurseries of New England Framingham Nurseries | | FRAMINGHAM MASSACHUSETTS HARDY FIELD-GROWN PLANTS PANSIES—100 for $2.00 (40 for $1.00) postpaid. ASTERS—(Choice California) Pink, White, Blue, Lavender, Crimson 40c¢ doz ZINNIAS—(Giant Dahlia Flowering) Golden, Yellow, Scarlet, Pink, White, Mixed 50c doz. MARIGOLD-—SCARLET SAGE,—SHASTA DAISY, Etc. NORTH STATE GARDEN SERVICE 600 N. East St, Raleigh, N. C. EASY TO KILL WEEDS AND MULCH THE SOIL Don’t do garden work the ~& slow, backbreakingway. The ¥29 [29-4 -0@ 28 -@ DARKER makes the finest gardens MULCHER Dees bleeeauice jessy. id ' push along rows (like lawn mower AND CULTIVATOR Bars pe pe Tevolving against under- ground knife destroy the weeds and in same operation break the crust intoa level, porous, moisture-retaining mulch, Aerate soil. *‘Best Weed Killer Ever Used.’” Has leaf guards, also shovels for deeper cultivation, A bo: can run it—do more and better work than 10 men with hoes. Write for FREE BOOK Illustrated book, postpaid, gives prices de- livered to your station, contains valuable in- formation on gardening, letters from users, etc. Acard bringsit. Write today. BARKER MFG. Co. Box’ 11 David City, Neb. BECOME A SJ=Ad < \ [ANDSCAPE - 3 petitors. Crowded with op- es portunity for money-making and big fees. $5,000 to $10,000 incomes attained by experts. Easy to master under our correspondence methods, Diploma awarded. We assist students and graduates in getting started and developing their businesses. Established 1916. Write for information; it will open your eyes. Do it to-day. American Landscape School, 17-M., Newark, New York The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 None over a dollar and ranging to ten cents per tuber. A sifted, selected choice collection, twelve years in the making. Worth your attention, will save you money. Bolles Dahlia Brochures (Illus. ) Written by an American Grower for American ama- teurs and professionals, for American conditions of cli- mate, soils, and markets. Beautifully illustrated. Don’t Plant valuable Dahlias this year without the latest, com- pletest, most exhaustive information obtainable. Bolles Booklets have exactly what you want, and all you need to know. Harvesting and Storage, may save your crop of tubers. Fertilizer and Large Blooms, tells how to grow garden and exhibition blooms. Price, 35 cents each. Propagation and Breeding New Varieties, explains Hybridizing, (Double Number), 50 cents. Cultivation (Double Number), price fifty cents a copy. These four are off the press, and ready. There’ are three other booklets. Prospectus sent with my WAS My 1922 Dahlia Catalogue now ready S awaits your request | Charlton Burgess Bolles R.F.D. 3, Box 81 Media, Penna. BIRD BATHS FOUNTAINS SUN DIALS VASES JARS GAZING GLOBES BENCHES FLOWER POTS BOXES, ETC. A Boy Gives the Essential Touch In the Garden a Bird Bath is a delightful spot of in- terest; a Sun Dial lends quaint charm. Many attractive designs are executed in our light stony gray, high fired, frost proof TERRA COTTA. Red, buff and other colors will be made. Our catalogue illustrating 300 numbers will be sent upon receipt of 20c in stamps. Galloway Terra Cotta Co. Established 1810 3214 Walnut St. Philadelphia Any TublsPool Enough | You've seen Water-Lilies growing in large concrete pools— such pools are nice, but not essential. Even a cliff-dweller could raise Water-Lilies if he owned a water- § tight barrel or tub. A little dirt in the bottom and a little § water on top—presto—you get a garden novelty unsurpassed. Three Lilies in Color with many other helpful illustrations and descriptions will be found in our1922 catalogue. It gives easy methods of growing Lilies; hints for water gardens. Put your name on a postcard and send for a copy. INDEPENDENCE NURSERIES BOX M, INDEPENDENCE, OHIO Here’s a Special Message to Every Secretary of Every Garden Club:— Fo’ almost ten years we have preached the gospel of better gardens through the use of Gilson Garden Tools. Yet, while addressing one of the liveliest garden clubs in the East the other day, the writer discovered that’ not one of about 75 members present had ever heard of the Gilson Weeder. We wish to remedy this and make the following unprecedented, unconditional offer to every Secretary :— Write us on your club’s stationery, and send along the names of 10 or more ac- tive members and we will mail you, free of charge, a 5 inch Gilson Weeder, as shown alongside—minus handle, easily secured at any hardware store. The Complete Gilson Line Embraces: Gilson Weeder as shown above in three sizes and in both hand and wheelhoe shape. Liberty Wheel-tooth Cultivator in three sizes, adaptable to varying widths, available both as a hand tool or as a wheelhoe as shown below. Scratch Weeders and Dandelion Diggers, Lawn Edgers, and last not least, The Gilson Triplex, a combination Wheelhoe for men. It brings the Gilson Weeder, the Liberty Cul- tivator and a handy furrow opener all joined to a pivot axle, quickly putting into position either im- plement wanted without the help of tools. Ask Your Dealer or Write Us We Repeat Our Special “Get Acquainted” Offer If your dealer does not carry Gilson Garden Tools, please write us and we shall be glad to see that you are supplied. Here is a combination of them that will help you to greater garden results, with least efforts. The only request is that you show the Gilson Weeder at the next meeting of your club. In turn we promise not to annoy your friends with aught but a little booklet described below. The 8 inch Gilson Weeder Blade, which combined with wheel _- » frame alongside will give you the Gilson Weeder Wheel Outfit 1.35 The Liberty 7 tooth Hand Cultivator SPECIAL OFFER: Wewill send prepaid, any of the Tools (tems 2, 3, 4 and 5 complete at prices quoted, the Wheel Cul- tivator to be sent by express at your expense.) The entire as- sortment, however, we will deliver prepaid anywhere east of the Rockies for $8.50. “Bigger Crops Through Cultivation” is the title of our modest little booklet, giving valuable hints on how to grow vegetables and how to cultivate the different crops for best results. Besides, it will introduce to you the tools with pbich to do best work with least effort. Please write for it to-day. J. E. GILSON COMPANY 102 Valley Street, Port Washington, Wisconsin We make and erect FENCE for Lawns, Division Lines, Orchards, Gardens, Farms, Tennis " "| a === Court Inclosures, Poultry and Dog Runs. 1 Ser = tits Ve Entrance Gates Rose rches Catalogue and Prices on Request BROOK IRON WORKS, INC. Dept. G 37 BARCLAY STREET NEW YORK CITY 212 The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 RAIN WHEN You WANT IT] Make Your Garden a Wonder Garden It’s easy. Market growers know the secret. Follow it and have the largest crops of fruits and vegetables, an abundance of the biggest and sweetest scented flowers of the most intense and vivid colors. Here is the secret! The better grades of commercial fertilizers contain only 3 to 5 per cent. nitrogen; 6 to 10 per cent. phosphoric acid and 3 to 5 per cent. potash, combined in material that has no fertilizing value. Most fertilizers are far below this average. Science has produced a tablet, rich in plant food, containing 11 aN Te ore ar en per cent. nitrogen; 12 per cent. phosphoric acid and 15 per cent. potash—clean and odorless. . For crops in rows, set the tablets a foot apart along the row. O Three tablets, one every ten days, in the hills make Cucumbers, av I] ] ess Squash, Melons and vines fairly jump. In Flower Beds and Borders, place tablets a foot apart. For Bush Fruits and Shrubbery, use three to five tablets, placed in the soil about each plant. Fruit or Ornamental Trees, place tablets two feet apart, extend- ing from the trunk as far as the longest branches. Fine also for greenhouse benches and pot plants. Four tablets dissolved in a gallon of water, used in place of liquid manure, is less trouble and gives better results than objectionable manure water. Makes velvety lawns. Each tablet contains highly concentrated, immediately available plant food. They increase production, heighten color and improve quality. Their use is highly profitable. The name of the tablet is Stim-U-planI. No matter how HH i i 5 s fertile th il, Stim-U-planT is effective in feedi d f d- Not only can you have twice the Just why and exactly how it accom- ie Gae Market Gardeners nee noe “th larse ater tine Srorder 5 5 . : by_name—there is no substitute, amount of vegetables or flowers from plishes these seemingly impossible Price delivered: 100 tablets, 75cts; 1,000 tablets, $3.50. If your dealer hasn’t it, order from the makers— EARP-THOMAS CULTURES CORPORATION the same space; or the same things is fully told and freely illus- amount from half the space; but oe v/ y what you have will be far superior trated in our catalogue called ‘‘ Your 80 Lafayette Street, New York b) . oD 99 i i i i Watering Problem—Its Solution. in every way if your garden is Skinner J ° ° System watered. Send for it. Kill Bugs —Prevent Blight You can easily keep your garden, shrubbery Y $9.75 buys a Portable Rain Maker—18 feet long and roses healthy and free from diseases Spray early and often. Use a No. 1. Tt will water 900 square feet without moving KINNER The Skinner Irri§ation Co. - YS T E M It operates by compressed air—throws a continuous 219 Water St., Troy, Ohio FP IRRIGATION stream. Finger pressure instantly starts or stops the spray. Special nozzle strainer prevents clogging. Solid brass pump parts are non-corrosive. Write for catalogue and Spray Calendar prepared by Cornell University specialists—both free. Ask your dealer to show you an Auto-Spray. The E. C. BROWN COMPANY —— 850 Maple St., Rochester, N. Y. Ye Olde Fashioned Garden Plants Why not have a hardy, permanent border which gives you flowers from early April until late Novemper. We Make You a Special Trial Offer. All plants are field grown clumps. ae : A border 25 feet long and 4 feet wide, including 70 strong plants of the best varieties and blending colors cover- ing the blooming season. Regular price $15.00. re SPECIAL OFFER.—We will supply this collection, as a unit at $12.00, charges prepaid, providing cash accom- panies the order. Order at once, shipment to be made immediately. We specialize in Hardy Plants. We also offer Gladioli, Bedding Plants, Nut Trees, Roses, Small Fruits, etc. All grown in our own Nurseries. Only best varieties of Plants and Bulbs offered. Catalogue free on request. CLINTON NURSERIES Hardy Plant Specialists Clinton, Conn. MUST BE SOLD America’s finest collection of true to name Gladioli bulbs, Dahlia, Peony and Iris Roots. New, rare and standard varieties including a few thousand pure strain Gladioli grown from original imported Vilmorin and Kelway stock. Address E. H. PERSHING, Sales Manager 514 E. Broadway, - Logansport, Ind. GLADIOLI IRISES SPECIAL OFFERS 12 Varieties choice Gladioli worth $1.25 for $1.00. 10 Varieties choice Irises worth $4.40 for $3.50. A request will bring our instructive catalogue. FOREST HEIGHTS GARDENS 1815 26th Ave. No. Dept. G. Minneapolis, Minn. Visit a Garden where Dutch Bulbs are Blooming Take a copy of Farr’s Bulb Book with you, check the varieties you like and want in your own garden. ‘This is usually the most satisfactory way to select the colors that appeal to you, as it gives an intimate knowledge of the blooms. TRIsES, PEONIES, GLADIOLI Importers and growers of choice varieties. 600 varieties of Irises—Catalogue free. RAINBOW GARDENS 72? Commerce Bide. ‘Price Reductions Have Come Dutch Bulbs are showing a slight reduction in price—not very much but a little. All my cus- tomers will receive the benefit of the reductions, but to those who order before June 1st I give a special discount of 2 per cent over and above my usual discount of 10 per cent for orders received before July 15th. Send Your Order in May and Get 12 Per cent Discount From June 1st to July 15th the discount is only 10 per cent. After July 15th you must pay the prices printed in Farr’s 1922 Bulb Catalogue Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi, Crocus, and fall plants are described and pictured. Write for a free copy now, and save money by ordering Dutch Bulbs in May. BERTRAND H. FARR, Wyomissing Nurseries Co. 104 Garfield Avenue Wyomissing, Penna. Distinctive ZANE-WARE GARDEN POTTERY Entirely new designs suitable for exterior decoration, made in a Gray Stone finish. The Zane Pottery Co. South Zanesville, Ohio The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 HILL’s SILVER JUNIPER A wonderful gem of beauty. Endorsed by leading horticulturists. Grown and introduced by D. Hill, the Evergreen Specialist. Narrow, symmetrical, compact Exquisite blue in color Retains blue color in winter Attractive clear blue berries Hardy—WNorth or South D. HILL NURSERY CoO. Evergreen Specialists for over 60 years 1063 Cedar Street DUNDEE, ILL. Order direct or through your local Nurseryman, Florist or Landscape Archi- tect. Send for com- plete catalog. Also folder “Cozy Bunga- low Collections” Collectors and Growers LA BARS RHODODENDRON NATIVE AZALEA, MOUNTAIN NURSERY LAUREL and RHODODENDRON Request opportunity to send catalogue STROUDSBURG, PA. SURPLUS DAHLIA BULB 12 Choice Peony Dahlias, my selection - - - - $4.00 12 Semi-Peony Dahlias, my selection - - - - - 2.50 12 Single Dahlias, my selection - - - - - - =) Ooo Collection of 3 dozen- - - - - - - - - - - 6.00 All bulbs are labeled and are all colors. DAHLIA GARDENS MRS. P. W. MERCHANT, PROPRIETOR GLOUCESTER, MASS. 35 EAST MAIN ST., Berry Picking Simplified fia s 2 gaciaal His eevee that will enable you to Crop. The basket device is fastened (2 ) : Ss QS) around the waist bya web strap as shown 71 simplest fashion, there are no springs in the illustration. Constructed in the or other parts to get out of order. 40" ss = One or more boxes may be dropped into the holder at one time and Yon 7 removed as filled. Jf not ob- ‘ tainable from your dealer, order direct from tke originator. Prices, pint size, 50c.; quart size, 55c. post- paid. The device will pay for itself ina few hours. Weight: pint size, 2% oz.; Quart size 3 oz. Lafayette Elm Greenhouses, Kennebunk, Me. 'Pulverized Sheep Manure | Best for Lawns and Gardens NATURE’S OWN PLANT FOOD Great for Lawns, Grass Plots, etc. It affords the fullest advantage of spring rains,insuring vasor an early start and a luxuriant growth. Sheep’s Head Brand also is used extensively for Gardens, Small Fruits, , Shrubbery, etc. Rich in nitrogen, AGAL cu, phosphoric acid and potash; also adds Ona. uar humus. Guaranteed absolutely clean—nothing but sheep manure—free from weed seeds which are killed by heat. Dried and pulverized for easy application. Circular and prices on request. NATURAL GUANO CO., ANCe: 803 River Street Aurora, III. Simply attach your garden hose to any faucet with ordinary city pressure. At- tach the other end to the Waterfan. Turn on faucet and watch an area up to 16x 60 feet receive the gentlest, soaking rain —the kind that does most good. Auto- matically oscillates, as it waters. WATERFAN—Model No. 5 Length, 21 inches. Weight, 5 pounds. Waters a rectangular area up to 16x60 - feet. Price, $15.00. All prices f.o.b. factory. Woodbury Brooder for 50 to 100 chicks EVERY NEED OF THE POULTRY FANCIER is met by Hodg- son Poultry Houses. They are sturdy, weather-proof, vermin-proof, properly ventilated, easy to clean and move. Shipped in sections and can be erected in less HODGSON Portable Plant Life needs water most. vegetable substance is water. element, most flowers are but stunted imitations of the real thing. INo matter where you live or what your climate—your garden will thrive luxuriously if you have handy The Campbell Waterfan— Rain When and Where You Want It! Order direct or from distributor at address given below. Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. Please write for descriptive circular and name of dealer nearest you. CAMPBELL IRRIGATION COMPANY GEORGE ALEXANDER, 90 West Broadway Distributor for New York City and suburbs, including Long Island No. 3 Poultry House or 60 hens—2 units 213 More than 90% of all Without this life-giving No tools needed to make connection; easily moved about; directions of sprinkling, angle of sprinkling and evenness of water distribu- tion under absolute control. Though the Waterfan weighs but 5 pounds, it is built so substantially that it wili last for years. Nothing to get out of order. Always ready for thorough work. WATERFAN—Meodel No. 10 Length, 5 feet. Weight, 10 pounds. Waters a rectangular area up to 22x60 feet. Price, $25.00. New Jersey Setting Coop Your than an hour without the aid of skilled labor. hens will thrive and lay their best if kept in Hodgson Poultry Houses. Send to-day for illustrated catalogue showing various kinds and sizes. E. F. Hodgson Co., Room 311, 71-73 Federal St. HOUSES Boston, Mass. 6 East 39th St., New York City. 214 The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 NATURE'S insufficient BOUNTY | If you depend on nature alone to supply moist- ure for the lawn, shrubs or flow- ers in which you've invested your money, you're likely to lose at least part of your investment. For nature’s help, though boun- tiful, is often unreliable. Supplement nature’s rains with a Cornell Ir- rigation System, and you have the equivalent of an insurance policy which gives automatic protection against any damage or loss from dry weather. ‘“ ‘\ »S ‘S Ss x » NS W. G. eee ‘Se Oey ‘ . s * . ~ E. ue Street Ne : : ie simplicity, and efficiency are lew York City NN combined in Cornell Overhead and Send me to-dey free of YN: Underground Irrigation Systems, with W. G. CORNELL COMPANY charge your illustrated book- d, adjustable “Rat Cloud ’’ . ° ° ° ae 1 N patented, ust am 0 5 am, let describing the Cornell Sys . Nozzles. Installed any time for any ee ne Lighting tems of Irrigation. \ area, without injury to lawn or garden. 45 East 17th Street, New York City Cerne CORNELL FURNISHES “RAIN” ee BETO NOREOLK = Systems of Irrigation WHEN, WHERE AND HOW YOU WASHINGTON BOSTON ST. LOUIS WANT IT. KANSAS CITY PHILADELPHIA MONTREAL a acc way | HODGSON for free catalogue So beautifully distinct from any other dahlia. The soft colors and tints blend so harmoniously. The most exquisitely formed flowers are carried so gracefully, erect to “Artistic in design— facing, on the long, cane ‘ e 99 perfect in construction stiff stems. Size, six to eight inches. Color at base of petal, citron yel- low, outer half creamy white, both yellow and _ white mottled and overspread rosolane pink. Many petals showing faint yellow along mid-vein. All dusted over with tiny glistening crystal-like particles, as of gold dust. An ideal dahlia for cutting, garden, and for exhibition. Roots, $5.00 each. That you may know our dahlias we make the following SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY OFFERS 5 beautiful Cactus Dahlias 5 grand Decorative Dahlias 2 Giant Century, 2 unique Collarettes, 2 Ball. 6 in all 5 Peony Daklias, $1.00, 1 Pkt. new Decorative Dahlia Seed ONG. use or occupancy serves to strengthen first impressions of Hodgson Portable Houses. The largest houses, suitable for family dwellings, are erected in two days— without skilled labor. The smaller ones—garages, pet- houses and playhouses—require but a few hours. They are all staunch, weather-tight and durable. Hodgson Houses are beautiful in appearance and design—practical in construction. They are used on many of the finest estates in the — Above 5 offers, each Dahlia carefully labeled, true to name, and my book on The country. Dahlia, all postpaid for $5.00 fy fH OUR NEW CATALOGUE, THE WORLD'S BEST DAHLIAS. not only shows Mary Steffenson, Petey ets nCe i i inter- Queen Elizabeth, Golden West Cactus, and 9 new Century Dahlias in natural colors, but tells the sed Soh nee ee poe ae find our illusieated cat oeue ee plain truth about the best new and standard varieties, including 12 wonderful new creations, galows, garages, play- esting, instructive, an re p Solving now offered for the first time. besgsee, Peay ee pet your problem. May we send it to you at our ouses, offices, schools, THE LEADING DAHLIA CATALOGUE FREE gymnasiums and | innun expense? Write to-day. A post card will bring you a copy by return mail. Re PEACOCK DAHLIA FARMS pe Re ai we Berlin We arethe largest inithe world New Jersey Room 228, 71-73 Federal Street, Boston, Mass.- 6 East 39th Street, New York City The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 NEW ALLWOODII Persetual Flowering Hardy Pinks A Real Bargain In Gladioli 50 Bulbs, $2.00 postpaid. 100 Bulbs, $4.00 postpaid. Plant them Up to July Ist. These bulbs contain all the most de- sirable colors in Gladioli. This offer enables you to have a real Gladiolus garden at a most reasonable figure. Grow them in quantity for cut flowers. Bloom 60 days after planting. Three Extra Good Ones Evelyn Kirtland—Exquisite shade of light rose, darker at edges fading to shell pink at center. Brilliant scarlet blotches on lower petals. soc each, $5.00 doz. Alice Tiplady—(Primulinus) A grand gladi- olus of beautiful orange saffron. Large and strikingly handsome. 4oc each, $5.00 doz. Prince of Wales—Pre-eminent among Gladi- oli. Color, light salmon shading to soft orange. 25c each, $2.50 a doz. 2 bulbs of each of the 3 varieties, $2.00 postpaid. 6 bulbs of each of the 3 varieties, $5.50 postpaid. Catalogue Spring 1922 Garden Annual Free on Application. Lruabsicteiticr 5 INC. dePaus me Main St., New Rochelle, N. Y. Seedsmen HARDY GARDEN PINKS HENRY A. DREER, SPLENDID new strain of perpetual flowering, deliciously clove scented, Hardy Pinks. They are perfectly hardy and flower continuously from early June until late in the autumn. The flowers are much more substan- tial and larger than in the old type of Hardy Pink and are borne on long stems suitable for cutting. The varieties offered below are beautifully il- lustrated in colors in Dreer’s Garden Book for 1922. Harold—A splendid large double pure white, of very symmetrical form and great substance. Jean—Pure white with deep violet-crimson center. A distinct and handsome flower. Mary—Pale rose-pink with light maroon center. Robert—A delicate shade of old rose with light maroon center. Very free. Good thrifty young plants of the above, 35 cts. each; $3.50 per dozen; $25.00 per 100. We will supply one each of the four varieties for $1.25. Dreer’s Hardy Perennial Plants The old fashioned Hardy Garden Flowers which are now so popular on account of their varied changes throughout the entire season. We offer a large assortment and have prepared a special leaflet, with plans and list of varieties, for positions either in sun or shade. A copy of this leaf- let will be mailed free to all applicants. Dreer’s Roses for the Garden Extra heavy two-year-old plants, specially prepared for the amateur, for out-door planting and immediate results. All worth-while new and standard varieties are offered. Dreer’s Garden Book for 1922 Contains 224 pages, eight color plates and numerous photo-engravings. _It offers the best Vege- table and Flower Seeds, Lawn Grass and Agricultural Seeds, Garden Requisites; Plants of all kinds, including Roses, Dahlias, Cannas, Hardy Perennials, etc. A copy will be mailed free to all applicants who mention this publication. WRITE TO-DAY. 714-716 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. it moe mi il esate at To Guide You in | am| Your Spring Planting 2) | our service department has drawn up a twelve-page booklet which we will gladly mail to you gratis, upon request. This booklet is intended solely to guide yeu in the proper selection of stock for various planting purposes, and covers such subjects, as porch and foundation plantings with keyed plan of arrange- ment, climbing shrubs, border and hedge suggestions, etcetera. A request for this booklet entails absolutely no obligation to buy from us. Simply write for our booklet No. 100, “To Guide You In Your Spring Planting.” “Successful For Over a Century” AMERICAN NURSERIES H. E. Holden, Manager Singer Building New York 216 . The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 Pergolas and Arbors This advertise- mentshowsonlya few of suggestive features from our catalogue con- taining several hundred distinct- ive garden decor- ations. When writing for copy, enclose zoc and ask for catalogue H-34’’ GARDEN HOUSES, LATTICE FENCES GARDEN FURNITURE, PLANT-TUBS and FERNERIES SUN-DIALS and GAZING GLOBES HARTMANN SANDERS CO. Main Office and Factory: 2155-87 Elston Ave. Chicago, Ill. Eastern Office and Showroom: 6 East 39th St. New York City 5s right is our favorite Poeticus-like bloom of Mrs. Chester Jay Hunt, included in the De Luxe collection offered below. These collections have been so chosen that some one of them is suited to your garden. Your order in our hands before June 26th, and the bulbs will be delivered to you in time for planting this fall. DE LUXE SET NEWER VARIETIES 10 bulbs of each (80 bulbs in all) for $24.25 | 10 bulbs of each (80 bulbs in all) for $12.95 Mrs. Chester Jay Hunt—the picture shows you all Bullfinch—a dainty flower of attractive form. but the red margin of the cup. King Alfred—unsurpassed for its glorious golden yellow. ERE is a bit of our Daffodil display at Mayfair. The flower at the Edrin—a gem for cutting. Lord Roberts—a big flower, but perfect form. Weardale Perfection—the finest of all pale bicolors. Masterpiece—the one all-red cup for our climate. Whitewell—a wonderfull flower that lasts longest of all. Rosella—unlike any other in color of petals. Orangeman—a striking contrast in color of cup and Epic—our favorite among the true Poeticus types. Gloria Mundi—the best orange colored cup among the yellow Incomps. Lady Audrey—the most permanent of all white trumpets. Spring Glory—big, tall, good grower, fine color. White Queen—Low-growing, but exquisitely beautiful in small clumps. Homespun—the sunniest of yellows, and most perfect INSECTICIDE petals. in form. $ STANDARD VARIETIES $10 bulbs of each (80 bulbs in all) for $6.75 Albatross—the largest of the least costly red-edged Barrii kinds. . Artemis—the one yellow and white Incomp. to be always admired in our gardens. FoR LAWN & GARDEN “F & I” is a product with a tobacco base. A fertilizer and an insecticide combined. Fairy—the best yellow trumpet forpermanentplantings. Madame Plemp—the bicolor companion for Fairy in permanent plantings. Lucifer—a telling variety for the orange cup with , white petals. | “F & I” contains no weed seeds, insect pests Beauty—a gem for the garden or for GHG White Lady—tall, large, perfect in form and a splen- aiid! as no oleciianablatedon i as Glory of Lisse—our favorite for growing in masses. did grower. J . Feeds your plants and kills or drives away many insects from your lawn and garden. Price: 100 Ibs., $3.00; 2000 Ibs., $50.00 Special booklet sent on request THE F. & I. TOBACCO PRODUCTS CO. SUCCESSORS TO LANCASTER TOBACCO PRODUCTS CO. Dept. G Lancaster, Pa. ENNSYLVAN | re LAWN MOWERS lawn mower is known by the serv. ice which it gives. That’s why Pennsylvania Quality is known as the standard of satisfac- tion and economy. Full descriptions of all these will be found in our Blue Book, a copy of which will be mailed on receipt of your order for any of these collections. If you prefer to select for yourself from our complete list of varieties, a copy will be sent you on receipt of 25 cents, which will be credited on all orders amounting to $2.50 or over. Chester Jay Hunt, Inc.—Maoyfair Gardens Department A Little Falls, New Jersey UNIVERSAL FERTILIZER Stimulates growth and builds the body of plants and vegetables. Specially suitable for Dahlias, Cannas, Gladioli, Flower and Vegetable Gardens. Introductory Offer: Send $1.00 for Five 25-cent packages INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL COMPANY Dept. F 87 Dey Street, New York The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 217 a eee The Enduring (harm of a3 The Flowermg (rab Apples SMITA M. | NT COT TCA <<. alus) CUI REES may come and trees may go, but the Crab Apples will go on forever. Of a constitution that has enabled it to survive untold ages, Crab Apples stand as a monument to enduring qualities put into plant life. Nor does age ever make Crab Apples ungainly. FLOWERING CRAB APPLES, the most gor- geous of all flowering trees, greatly enhance the in- viting charm and beauty of the grounds. Being relatively low of growth they are excellently suited for individual as well as group planting. No group of plants has greater value than the Maluses for enlivening open forest parks and country road-sides; they present striking effects when planted on parking strips of boulevards or wide city streets. < An Endless Slory THE longer you own a garden the more you will love your perennials—and the newer you are at gardening, the more desirable it is for you to plant them! For they give the biggest return for the least care, hardly ever go back on you, grow tall and profusely and handsomely, and offer an endless variety of form, color, fragrance, and storied charm. It is easy enough to plan a perennial border or garden that will give you never-failing bloom throughout two-thirds of the year—a brilliant procession from the early Columbine of April, through the Irises, the Peonies, and the Phlox to the Anemones and the Chrysanthemums of late November—the “‘swan-song”’ of the floral pageant. Imagine the constant supply of cut flowers of the most fascinating variety that such a perennial garden would give you for indoor adornment—and for your friends! And the fragrant story will repeat itself year after year with hardly a thought ora care on your part! Write us to-day for our price list of perennials and our planting suggestions. Moons Nurseries THE WM.H. MOON CO. MORRISVILLE whichis 1 mile from Trenton, N. J. PENNSYLVANIA Even when young they blossom early in May, with flowers ranging in color from the deepest rose to the most delicate pinks and pure white. Some varieties bear tiny red and yellow fruits in the fall. Boxford-Highlands Nursery, East Boxford, Mass- achusetts, offers many of the finest varieties, including rare ones from the famous Arnold Arboretum. Flow- ering Crabs are quite scarce and orders should be placed early. eer ec eres coc oceescesecosseascesecos ese Secs Fests ee sce ssesooses 2 ee eessedsstesFeees PoeB ees 28508 Macultivators Man Power . New Illustrated Catalogue on request. Address eoeceeecoco sepa e® P00 SPSSedD ao aS OSeEsooD OOF HARLAN P. KELSEY, Owner Hardy American Plants Salem Massachusetts work of 4 men. No \\ =o A back-break\\ ZAY™ H ing ue O Ze H hoeing when Z 4 youhave this (Ae 4 power plant on wheels. Garden and Farm Work Made Easy ° ° e 0000000 6 2000020 2000000000090 00090 2008500 % | Dans in farm andgardenoper- the nursery, flowers, mint, tobacco, ations means more profit and_ etc., all cultivated much better, greater satisfaction. The Maculti- more quickly, easily and economi- vator eliminates the drudgery of cally by motive power. Your lawns hand. hoeing or that back breaking may be cut and man power saved method of pushing the cultivator by the Macultivator. irregularly and jerkingly through Lessens labor costs in many ways. your vegetable rows. Themanwith Prevents help troubles. Does the the hoe is not. needed.. Cabbage, work of five men. Soldon an abso- | tomatoes, young onions, lettuce, lute make-good, tryout guaran- a beets, radishes, carrots, celery, tee. Write for interesting prop- h N small fruits, seedling trees in sition. S19 ouee reco oceescces ° me ° ° oon Sor Pe cdeccees seo eee ee THE MOTOR MACULTIVATOR COMPANY 1319 Dorr Street, = Toledo, Ohio 218 The “Vision” of Pearl Wire Cloth \ X J HEN you screen your porch you add an out-of- ’ door living room, or a sleeping porch, protected against disease carrying insects. Specify PEARL WIRE CLOTH for porch screening. Due to its metallic coating, Pearl Gray Color and even mesh, PEARL is the most beautiful wire. It offers little or no obstruction to the vision and you enjoy the advantages of out-door living with in-door comforts. PEARL is also, because of this special process coat- ing, the most durable—therefore the most economical. Insist upon the Genuine. It has two copper wires in the selvage and our red tag on every roll. Made in two weights—regular and extra heavy. The Gilbert & Bennett Mfg. Co., New York, Georgetown, Conn., Chicago, Kansas City Write our nearest office for Samples and Booklets. Address Dept. “‘G”’ The best hardware dealers in your city sells ‘‘PEARL”’ i Puget Sound Iris Excel== BETTER LATE THAN NEVER—YOU MAY STILL PLANT IRIS DURING THE EARLY PART OF MAY While you can not expect any blooms from them, they will make a fine growth during June and by next Spring you will have a well established clump that will be the pride and joy of your heart next June. All my rere and higher priced varieties I cannot disturb now, but keep in mind the coming three best planting months of the year July, August & September It might be well and will save you disap- pointment if you will make your selections NOW and let me book your orders for late Summer delivery. 25% cash with order will do; bear in mind that the newest varieties are still very scarce. If interested in Iris you will enjoy my 40-page catalogue; many people say it is the best one published in this country. O.M. PUDOR, A Lover of the Iris PUYALLUP, WASH. = = Gladiolus Dorothy McKibbin The best early ruffled pink variety yet produced. (See cut for form and vigor.) Dorothy McKibbin has been tested by florists and pronounced first class for forcing purposes, has long, straight, wiry stems, the flowers growing well out of the foliage; extremely early, elegantly ruffled and of a most beautiful shade of pink; has a pure apple blossom tinted throat, blending to bright pink around the outer edges of the petals. It has a wide open flower with many open at a time. Each 35c.. doz, $3.50, per 100 $24.50. prepaid. 6 at doz. rates and Witney half doz. 1 Gold Pheasant free. JOHN H. McKIBBIN 1309 Division Street, Goshen, Indiana The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 The Perfect Home In the luxurious May number of Coun- TRY Lire has been brought together all the beauties of the perfect home with every room well-planned, in mellow tones of old maple, or oak paneling in the period of Louis Seize—furniture of Sheraton or the Brothers Adam—paint- ings over the mantelpiece— All these are richly illustrated, much in full color, in the May Country LiFe, The perfect rooms are photographs of rooms in the homes of Mr. Howard Whitney, Mr. J. F. Feder, Mr. Howard Maxwell, and others. And the beautiful harmonies of summer —in furnishings, intimate gardens, wall fountains, dipping pools—making the perfect summer setting. You get all this in the May Country Lire —now on sale at the Newsstands for only soc. Or, send $2.00 for a seven months’ subscription. (Regular price $5.00 a year.) Country Life GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK Published by Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City, New York, along with The WORLD’S WORK, GARDEN MAGA- ZINE, EDUCATIONAL REVIEW, RADIO BROADCAST and SHORT STORIES. 9 e e e Fenton’s Hybridized Dahlia Seed “The World’s Best’ May is the one best month to plant Fenton’s Hybridized Dahlia Seed. Fifty to one hundred beautiful Dahlias, no two alike, will result, at a cost of but $3.00. SPECIAL OFFER: 100 Seeds hybridized with Famous Black Pearl, $3.00. 50 Seeds, same ancestry, $1.50. FENTON’S FINEST PEONY-FLOWERED DAHLIAS The Black Pearl, best of all... 1.2.0.2... 0. cece cece enee ees $9200 Grandpa Fenton, a true peony, red and gold, a brilliant Dahlia 3.00 Wanda Fenton, a giant, watermelon dark red .............. 3.00 Sybil Fenton, a wonder, pink............................- 3.00 Golden Arbor, Superb .............-ccecececcccecececes. 3:00 Giant Purple, a true giant................ M wrelomtalete 3.00 Mrs. H. G. Mori, a wonderful bronze with a stem of steel... 3.00 Pa Fenton’s Final Offer—Everyone ordering $25.00 worth of my Dahlias will receive a ‘“Black Pearl’’ Free. Special folder on request. Address orders to Fenton’s Dahlia Farm, 771 Buena Vista Ave., San Francisco, Cal. The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 Power to Push Your Mower and Cultivate Your Garden BOLENS POWER HOE and Lawn Mower Tractor Sates a $180.00 Perfect Control of tools so you can work crooked rows of plants like a wheel hoe. Clears plants 14 in. high. Differ- ential drive permits turning at the end of row without exer- tion. Snap Hitches on all attachments enable operator to in- stantly change from lawn mowing to seed- ing or cultivating. Does the work faster and better. Gives you time for pleasure gardening. A boy will run it with delight. Write GILSON MANUFACTURING CO. 128 Park St., Port Washington, Wisc. Come and See Our Peonies During the latter days of May our Peony beds will be a sight to gladden the eyes. Come and make your selections in person while the big beauties are in bloom. Or if this is impossible, our catalogue will give you full information about Peonies, Irises and other Hardy Perennials. It’s free on request. S. G. Harris, Peony Specialist, Box A, Tarrytown, N.Y. CHOICE AND RARE PEONTES AT REASONABLE PRICES SEND FOR LIST O. L. RINGLE, Wausau, Wis. ERE SGU ata S Sent AN) XN) XY COX K RN AN RK RAK KR) KK XK OK KIKI REN RK ROY AX st oe, ‘“‘Buffalo’’ Portable FENCING SYSTEM “BUFFALO” PORTABLE FENCING SYSTEM is in successful use on some of the largest and finest country estates in America as enclosures for small fowl or animals. This ‘‘Buffalo’’ System permits a frequent, simple, quick, inexpensive rotation or expansion of enclosures. It is neat in appearance and easily shifted. Its use prevents yards from becoming barren and unsightly. NEW PRICES Effective April Ist long x 5/ high 67 wide x 5/ 67 long x h (Net per section) high high F. O. B. Buffalo, N. Y. Initial orders for less than six sections are subjcet to an advance of 25c per section over the above prices. WRITE for booklet No. 70-C which shows designs, sizes and prices. Mailed upon receipt of 6c postage. BUFFALO WIRE WORKS CO., Inc. (Formerly Scheeler’s Sons) 467 Terrace Buffalo, N. Y. Luther Burbank, ‘‘the wizard,’”’ the story of whose work with plants is as fascinating as a detective story. He found on one of his potato plants a little round ball and— The Little Round Ball Made Millions |DIOTadhs) plants used to have seeds like other plants; they grew in little round balls. Gradually under cultiva- tion the seeds disappeared; only once in a long while is a seed-ball found. Burbank, then a lad of twenty, at work in his garden, found one. He planted the seeds, and out of the experiments begun in this simple fashion grew the fine new variety of potato which adds to the wealth of America millions of dollars every year. Invite Him Into YouR Garden F all living Americans there is none whose career is more fascinating than Burbank’s. Think of the thrill of wandering through the garden with him; of hearing him explain how he bred the spines out of the cactus and made it produce fine fruit; how he made the blackberry white, and developed the seedless plum; how he doubled the pro- ductiveness of the cherry and transformed the quince, and made the strawberry yield all the year round. How he produced a plant that bears tomatoes above and potatoes be- low, and grew almonds inside of peaches. Can you imagine any more delightful, more valuable reading than these writings of Luther Burbank, in which he tells How Plants are Trained to Work For Man Whether your garden consists of broad acres or only a back yard or a window box, there are facts in these pages that will be worth many times the little cost of the books to you. It is as if Burbank himself were by your side, explaining his methods of pollination and grafting, telling just what to plant and when and where, guiding your every step to suc- cess. He demonstrates what can be done; he sets new ideals and novel problems. ae ee re od P. F. COLLIER & SON COMPANY Address .. Occupation 219 Here for the first time is presented in con- venient and authoritative form all that the world is eager to know about this unique genius of the plant world—the interesting facts of his long and fruitful life, the secret of his success, his methods and discoveries. No advertisement can begin to do justice to the interest, beauty and practical value of the works. For this reason an attractive booklet has been published to tell more about this remarkable library. Half-Hour Experiments with Plants Contains a brief biography of Mr. Burbank telling how he rose from a mere beginner to his present eminence; evidence of what others have done working in the manner of Burbank; illustrations from the complete set, in full colors; and constructive Burbank experiments that you may actually put into practice. You will find this booket well worth sending for. But only a limited edition has been published, so clip the coupon now—and sent for it TO-DAY. P. F. COLLIER & SON COMPANY Publishers of Good Books Since 1875 Branches In All Principal Cities 416 WEST THIRTEENTH ST. NEW YORK 416 West 13th Street, NEW YORK, N. Y. Please send me the free booklet about the Burbank books, together with full particulars as to how I may procure them by small monthly payments. ee eh ca arr 261-BKC OL The publishers cannot undertake to send this booklet free to children 220 =e 01? Plant Your Dahlias in May (2%. beta pues ; outer. iis And Receive Double the Blooms for Pay We grow millions of Dahlias. We never begin to plant until after the fifteenth of May. That is why people say “Your Dahlias bloom so much better than ours.’ We sell Show Gardens and Make Shows with the florists in the larger towns and cities, showing something near 1000 varieties of Dahlias, taking orders for Dahlia tubers from the real growing plants in the Show Gardens or the real living flowers in the Shows. The following list of Dahlias led our sales during the season of 1921. If this collection was selected as the best by the millions who saw them in the Show Gardens and in the Shows, it ought to please you. THE BEST SELLING SIX THE NEXT BEST SELLING SIX 231—Large brilliant rose pink (dec.) - - - $. 245—Massive golden yellow (dec.) - - - - $ 50 214—Beautiful autumn tints, gold and crimson (dec.) . 267—Exquisite blending of old rose and ee ) 38 =. sa ‘ : peony 228 ou ge brilliant wine-erumsony(dec:) 5a 234—Bright lavender rose with cream white 666—Bright salmon rose (cactus) - - - - = center (dec.) .20 236—Rich deep rose pink (show) 225—Crystal white, edged bright pink (Cig) - 59 242—Mammoth scarlet (dec.) 250—Pure white hybrid (cactus) - - 25 == 246—Large satiny white (peony) - - - 50 $2.10 $2.30 The two collections, each variety separately labeled, $4.00 THE SHOW GARDENS GLADIOLUS SPECIAL THE SHOW GARDENS ASTER SPECIAL A collection of 12 which led our sales in the Shows of 1921 A collection of twelve varieties which led our 1921 sales 1 each of the twelve, separately named - - - $ .60 10 plants of each variety, separately named - $1.20 6 each of the twelve, separately named - - - 3.00 25 plants of each variety, separately named - ~- 2.75 12 each of the twelve, separately named - - - 5.00 50 plants of each variety, separately named - - 5.00 Plant Gladiolus any time the ground will do from early These plants are strong, sturdy, cold-grown, just ready to spring to July first for succession of bloom. set in your garden. Full directions for growing Dahlias, Gladiolus or Asters mailed with each order Grow Flowers for PROFIT as well as for HEALTH and PLEASURE Ask for our Easy Money-making Show Garden Plan . It tells you how. re rah Zia NATIONAL SHOW GARDENS WPINCER |nDIANA—>-O 1 Lovers Lane’ Spencer, Indiana, U.S.A. “Se maacb e MOPINCER |NDIANA—>O Overhead Irrigation Before you decide which system would serve you best, write or ‘phone me. Something new—no drilling holes in pipe. All standard fittings. NEW Sprinkler covering a radius of 60 ft. CHAS. H. ALLENDER, Irrigation Expert Phone. Walker 6519 205 West Street, New York City Nearing Sprinkler Perfection The perfect garden sprinkler must do a maximum of watering with whatever pressure is available; it should water thelargest possible area in even and thorough fashion and it should be absolutely trouble-proof. As far as we know, we can offer you almost 100% sprinkler efficiency in The Empire Rotary Sprinkler Will operate on either low or high water pressures, though best results are obtained with from 25 to 40 pounds. It is adjustable all round. By setting the nozzles at differ- ent angles, it will irrigate either large or small areas. The tightening of a nut makes it a stationary sprinkler, with which to irrigate any particular spot or bed or frames. Each nozzle throws a fan shaped spray consisting of 7 fine streams. As the water passes through the air, these streams break up into fine particles, affecting vegetation just like a gentle rainfall. The construction is most substantial while its finish is particularly at- tractive. Best brass, copper and japanned iron combine to give you a distinctly handsome apparatus. Will not rust, and so simply made that it can not get out of order. With ordinary care it will give a minimum of ten years of service. Order direct from this advertisement Weight 10 lbs. Price $10.00 f. 0. b. New York. Your personal check will be acceptable or we will ship C. O. D. Please afford our special folder opportunity to aqueing you further with this perfect irrigator. RAMAPO IRRIGATION CO. 88 West Broadway New York City The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 A New Radio Magazine— —For those who would keep abreast of the times BROAD ¢ You May Never Become a Radio Fan—But we are in the midst of tremendous developments in the use of Radio. To be ignorant of these developments and the wide possibilities they open up in our daily lives—business, social, industrial —is to don a hermit’s robe and hide from the march of civilization. Do You Want to Know All There Is to Know About Radio? You Will Find It in RADIO BROADCAST RADIO BROADCAST is a monthly. The first number, May, was quickly sold out to an enthusiastic public. The June number is now ready. It is edited with the same authoritative and broad-minded policy that pro- duces THE WORLD’S WORK. It is in the interest of neither dealer, manufacturer, telephone companies, nor any other group—it represents the Public’s interest, and will champion the Public’s right in the ether Special Introductory Offer We want you to see this magazine and prove it for yourself. The newsstands are probably already sold out—the demand has been enormous. For a_ dollar, pinned to the coupon below, we will send you the next four numbers of RADIO BROADCAST. You’ll get the magazine promptly on the 15th of the month previous to date of issue. We Urge You to Mail the Coupon Now NONOLNNONELNSOYVLSWOLVLLPYOPVLWLOIQN A YOUR DOLLAR COUPON RADIO BROADCAST Doubleday, Page & Company Garden City, N. Y. Send me RADIO BROADCAST for four months. I enclose the dollar. _ ($3.00 for a year—send either a dollar or your personal check at our risk.) G. M. 5-22 ea to TRIS bi a All! the newest European and American Fae Highest awards by American Peony Society. Highest awards by American Iris Society. Movilla plants are unsurpassed for vigor and freedom of bloom. Descriptive catalog compiled by James Boyd and John C. Wister—30¢. Price list free. MOVILLA GARDENS HAVERFORD PENNSYLVANIA The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 The Little Garden By Mrs. Francis King Here is one of the most popu- lar books of the year, which the bookstores report “‘sells like a novel.” A more prac- tical and inspiring volume could not be put into the hands of an amateur gardener. Mrs. King is known every- where as an authority on her subject. The Massachusetts Horticultural Society has awarded to her the George Robert White Medal of Honor for eminent service in Horti- culture,—highest honor of its kind in the United States and now first awarded to a woman. Her knowledge and enthusi- asm make her the best fitted person in America to lead gar- den lovers in the pleasantest and most helpful way to achieve a small garden of which they will be proud. Illustrated with pictures, plans and tables $1.75 At all booksellers, or The Atlantic Monthly Press Dept. L 8 Arlington St. Boston, 17, Mass. Home Vegetable Gardening From A to Z By Adolph Kruhm. Jilustrated. Net, $1.50 All the things the gardener must know about seeds, planting, cultivation and harvesting of vegetables, are to be found in this book—the best varieties, what time to plant, how much to plant to produce a definite amount. 200 detailed photographs. Money back if not satisfied. Address Orders to Author at 214 Elizabeth Ave., Hempstead, L. I., N. Y. 221 “THE WOOD THAT ALL ITS USERS PRIZE, THE WISE INVESTOR SAFELY BUYS.” Cypress When the Baby is a Grown-up _ and inherits the beautiful garden, the Cypress arbors and trellises and garden seats will bejust about as perfect as they are today. She may, tho, have a few nails tightened up, and probably will want to add some new-style ideas in design—and, of course, the new things will be built of Cypress, “the Wood Eternal”. Very likely she also will have the house remodeled or enlarged—with Cypress, ‘the Wood Eternal”. But if itis of Cypress now, she will have practically no repairing to do then,—any more than you will between now and then. That’s econ- omy that really counts. Ask the lumberman to show you the Cypress trade-mark arrow (shown below) on every board or bundle. Vol. 28 is the Trellis & Arbor Book. 68 pages. 28 pictures. 23 working plans with specifications. 2 valuable Vine Charts. FREE on request. Write. (Also ask for Vol. 43, a surprise book.) be SOUTHERN CYPRESS MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION “o> 1209 Poydras Building, New Orleans, Louisiana Gaz G O22 ~— or: 1209 Graham Building, Jacksonville, Florida NGA ANDORRA High Grade Stock JN of Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. Catalogue on request. ANDORRA NURSERIES WM. WARNER HARPER, Prop. Cuestnut Hitu PHILADELPHIA S"DAHLIADEL > A A LIAS = NURSERIES Os Shieh FZ, WARREN W.MAYTROTT anaDISTINCTION aa Special collections finer than ever this year. Coll. A. 8 roots, $1. Value $2.10. Other collections of exceptional value up to $7.50, containing the newer varieties. Send for illustrated catalogue. DAHLIADEL NURSERIES VINELAND, N. J. 222 We Ay NL y NNN AMET CLINTON ROAD, Wren House Wrens live upon the grass- hoppers, beetles, caterpillars, mosquitoes and spidersin your farden. One pair has been known to devour six hundred insects in a day. Solid oak, cypress shingles, copper coping, with four com- partments, 28 inches high. Price $6.00 Purple Martin House Wonderfully musical and clear, the martin song is al- ways a delight. But most of all the martin is beloved for its service of ridding premises of mosquito colonies. Cottage style, twenty-eight compartments. Price $16.00. Other styles up to $78.00. Alpine Gardens, Herbaceous Borders, Landscapes JACKSON, MICHIGAN SM AMANITA AANA A WOLCOTT NURSERIES DESIGNERS AND BUILDERS prices; write for catalogue. 148 Chambers Street The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 Sheltered Feeding Table The early birds often need a little help in finding food, be- cause of the late frosts. These feeding tables will attract the early birds, to stay all summer. Operating automatically like a weather vane, always a shelter against the wind, with 8&-ft. pole. Price $7.50. See what the wren eats! A diet that’s helpful to your garden and to you. BER, President, American Audubon Association Don’t have insect pests about your grounds Why not write to Mr. Dodson? He will gladly tell you how to rid your grounds of costly insect pests by attracting the birds. Years of loving study have perfected Dodson Bird Houses. A regard for little details, even ventilation, determines whether birds will occupy a house. And amid the modern devastations of nature, the little birds need homes made for them. Hang one of these quaint houses from a limb, tack one to a tree, put one up on a post! They will attract the birds. JOSEPH H. DODSON 709 HARRISON AVENUE KANKAKEE, ILLINOIS Dodson Sparrow Trap is guaranteed to rid your premises of this noisy, quarrelsome pest, $8.00 SPECIAL OFFER To Introduce “Pet Stone” a light grey, non- staining cast stone, a thoroughly tried and tested product of unusual merit, we offer the saucer bath as illustrated for $2.25, 3 for $6.00, f. 0. b. factory. HLADKY CAST STONE CO. 2200 B Avenue CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA STRAWBERRY ARISTOCRATS cannot be purchased in stores or markets, but they can easily be raised on your own grounds. Their great size and remarkable flavor will quickly demonstrate their supe- riority over the standard sorts. California. Our newest introduction. Enormous fruits, with real strawberry flavor. $2 per doz.; $3.75 per 25; $12.50 per 100. Buckbee. delicious aroma and flavor. $2.25 per 25; $4 per 50; $7.50 per 100. Beal. Noted for its excellent form and subtle flavor. 90 cts. per doz.: $1.50 per 25; $2.75 per 50; $5 per 100. Extra strong field-grown plants for immediate delivery. Order direct from this advertisement. We can likewise supply all standard varieties at reasonable Very large and almost round; $1.25 per doz.; WILLIAM M. HUNT & CO., Inc. New York City A House Is Not a Home "T MBER, bricks and mortar make the house; you must complete the home. Let your house snuggle amid Roses and Flowering Shrubs, girded with Ever- greens and Shade Trees. trifling; the results are satisfying, if you % order direct from us. 4 Write for Price List of Ornamentals and Fruit Trees. The BARNES BROS. NURSERY CoO. Box 40 ‘Yalesville, Conn. Grown in New England You will find much ofinter- est in Mr. Dodson’s fascinating booklet, ““Your Bird Friends and How to Win Them.” There are many styles of bird houses. Mr. Dodson wins for you different birds with each. A booklet thru which to browse with pleasure. Little Wonder Hedge Trimmer Saves you Money and Time Trims every kind and shape of hedge grown, in from one- fifth to one-tenth the time required by hand shears, and with moreease. In use all over U.S. on hundreds of estates. Ask for booklet and testimonials of pleased owners. Sold by leading dealers. But if your dealer cannot sup- ply you, we will ship direct from factory. Price _ $27.50 prepaid, east cf the Mississippi $30.00 EEE west of the Mississippi JOHN C. DETTRA MACHINE CoO. Manufacturers Oaks, Montgomery County, Pa. The cost is , The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 223 THE AMATEUR’S BOOK OF THE Tender Water Lilies for artificial pools should be selected this month, although ; the actual planting may be delayed until early June. Tender cis Lilies are remarkably free bloomers, one plant often having ; six flowers open in a single day. added 2 oaetee Of alles origiatad st the Mico’ fil | By MRS. CHARLES H. STOUT Botanical Gardens, which are of exceptional merit. : My 1922 Booklet of Water Lilies and Water Plants describes these new Lilies as well as others that are extremely popular. Hardy varieties for natural pools, border plants and aquarium plants are also included in this edition. A copy will be. sent on request. WILLIAM TRICKER, Water Lily Specialist 661 Forest Street Arlington, New Jersey A Book That is Indispensable to the Dahlia Grower (| [ieee subjects treated—History; Early Dahlia Culture; Situation; Soil Composition and Prep- aration; Propagation; Cultivating, Watering, Dis- branching, Disbudding—Dabhlias in Tubs; Frosts— Lifting and Storing; Pests and Remedies; Cutting, Packing, Shipping; Dahlia Shows; Color Combina- tions in the Garden and as House Decorations; Varieties; Classification. Mrs. Stout’s book is practical, authoritative, and charmingly written. Her knowledge of the Dahlia is based on twelve years of actual experience in growing and hybridizing. She is an ardent Dahlia lover. Many of her creations have won the highest praise when exhibited at the Shows of the American Dahlia Society and the Short Hills Garden Club. Some of her latest creations are Emily and Renwick (in full colors in Mrs. Stout’s book), Sunshine, Ger- trude Dahl, and J. Harrison Dick. At all Bookstores $3.00 DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK Deming Spraero, Jr.,— the ideal outfit for protecting rose and berry bushes, vines, shrubbery, and veg- etable garden from injurious insects and fungous diseases. Easily carried in one hand and operated by trigger con- trol, it shoots a penetra- trating spray right where you want it, with no loss of spray mixture. Wank, galvanized iron, capacity 17g gallons; weight londed 12% Ibs. Pressure pump, is made of senxmless brass tubing. If your dealer can’t supply you order direct. Sent parcel post, postage prepaid. Catalogue covering full line of hand and power sprayers mailed on request. THE DEMING COMPANY 325 Depot St. Est. 1880 Salem, Ohio “Hand and Power Pumps for All Uses’’ SEMMUMG | Ulex ag b) SW, 224 The Garden Magazine, May, 1922 ‘Cuts a Swath 12 feet, 114 inches, or 86 inches wide. Townsend’s Multiplex The Greatest Grass - Cutter on Earth. Cuts 100 “, Acres a day. FLOATS OVER THE UNEVEN GROUND AS A SHIP RIDES THE WAVES One unit may be climbing a knoll, another skimming the level and another paring a hollow. Not an assembly of tractor and mowers, but a single, compact machine like an automobile, with 3, 4, or 5 cutting units. Driven by a 17 H. P. four-cylinder, water-cooled gasoline motor of great power and quality with Splitdorf Dixie Aero Magneto. a wonderful ra- diator, sliding gear transmission, two speeds forward and reverse, etc. S. P. TOWNSEND & CO., ME The Recognized Standard Insecticid Your Dealer Can Supply You Aphine. It is the safest form of ‘‘insect insurance.” The best remedy known for green, black, white fly, thrips and soft scale. Easily applied—Effective. Fungine. For rust, mildew and all sorts of blights. Vermine. Sure eradicator for insects affecting plant roots. APHINE MANUFACTURING CO. Madison New Jersey Ee iss a : “BUFFALO” Distinctive « : FIRE SCREENS FIRE FENDERS, SPARK GUARDS and FIRE PLACE SCIKKEENS are unusually distinctive i in appearance. designs, their well placed ornamentation, and their attractive finish lend charm to the most perfectly ass UFFALO” GUARDS, ete. Information gladly furnished, WRITE for complete catalogue No. BUFFALO WIRE WORKS CO., INC. i = appointed residence. They insure perfect safety from flying sparks and absolute protection to chil- a dren and older members of the household. ae “BUFFALO” SPARK GUARDS PLACE SCREENS cannot be ne with flimsy, cheap ones. f are strong and durable, and made by the most skillful workmen from the best “BUFFALO” guality of fine mesh wire cloth, Ve make them to fit any size fire place opening and in any desired ornamentation or finish. We also make ‘“‘BUFFALO” PORTABLE FENCING SYSTEM, VINE TRAINERS, TREE GUARDS, GARDEN FURNITURE and WINDOW f 8-BF. Mailed on receipt of 10c postage (Formerly Scheeler’s Sons) 467 TERRACE, BUFFALO, N. Y. Can also be drawn by horse, the motor being re- moved, or converted into a powerful tractor by de- taching the cutting units. Can back up or turn a complete circle in double its width. Can stop in six inches—it has a powerful brake—the only one that has. This is vital. It has not a single cog wheel in its cutting units and but few else- where, and those few very strong. The cutting units are con- trolled from the driver’s seat. Throw them in gear, throw them out, raise them, Jower them—all with a tiny lever at your right. Do we guarantee it? Write your own. Send for catalogue illustrating all types of TOWNSEND MOWERS. 248 Glenwood Ave., Bloomfield, N. J. Rustic Cedar Bird Houses do not Require Weathering Any three for $5.00 and Parcel Post charges, weight of 3, 9 Ibs. Crescent Pat. Sparrow Trap $5.00 and Post charges weight, 8 lbs, Martin Houses $5. $6. $10. and $20. sent by freight or Express, CRESCENT CO. Toms River, P. O.)N. J_ “Birdoille” Their good and correct FIRE FENDERS, and FIRE They SST TTTTTTT UVM oO UR, FRIENDS the BIRDS will appreciate a Bird Bath at which to pause, drink and bathe. Many designs of bird baths, sundials, garden seats and ornamen- tal flower pots are illustrated in Our 1922 cat- alogue sent free on request. Weight No. 238. Price £14.00. H. 24” 80 lbs. Approximately. Dealers attention. The Wheatley Pottery Company 4621 Eastern Ave., Cincinnati, O. POO CC CC CUCU CT ER “Spraying the Home Garden”’ —a 28-page book based upon 35 years’ experience—tells in simple way how to protect trees, shrubs, vines, flowers, vegetables, from insects and diseases. Teaches the | keeping well and making well of plants. Sent prepaid for 4c in postage. Address: Dept. 24, B. G. Pratt Co.,50 Church Street, New York WANTED Experienced gardener for propagation of hardy shrubs and perennials for nursery planting. References required. THE GREENING NURSERY CO. Monroe t plows, harrows, ultivates, runs sta- ionary machinery, etc., write for facts. Beeman Tractor Co. Minneapolis, Minn. 3802 5th St. N. E. WANT TO START T SOMETHING? Give your pet cat or kitten REYNOLDS’ CATNIP MOUSE Makes them playful and healthful. Fun for the whole family. Stuffed with purest catnip leaves. Very life like. At all Ghee stores or send $1 for box of four H. B. REYNOLDS MFG. CO., Box 117, MT. VERNON, OHIO AWAY WITH THE CESSPOOL Secure all the sanitary comforts of a city building by installing an Aten Sewage Disposal System Allows continuous use of washstands, bath- tubs, toilets, sinks, showers, etc. The septic tanks of all Aten systems are made of con- crete forms, not wooden forms. No expert engineering service or experienced : supervision in the field required. hace; : ai Simple to in- Lae stall, nothing fyr(>--* to get out of S Our booklet 22 No. 11. tells u how and why. = Aten Sent free upon Bs ‘Sewage Disposal Co. request. ee “F ifth Ave., New York City The Most Greenhouse For [he Least Money Y THE least money, we mean the least that is consistent with lasting- ness and the making of a happy healthy home for your plants. It’s just a clean cut, thoroughly prac- tical greenhouse, in which the ornamental touches and extra refinements, so to speak, have been eliminated. Still it is decidedly good looking, and will grow just as many and just as fine quality of flowers, as any house that costs more. Little Building Eastern Factory Irvington, N. Y. Builders of Greenhouses and Conservatories 407 Ulmer Building —— It is a house we have been building for years. But the times have made so many folks want to strip things for the running, as it were, that they quickly buy this Practical Purpose house, when they would not our regular one with curved eaves and other features. its Thinking you might feel something the same way, here it is. Glad to send you fullest of particulars, or one of us will come and talk it over with you. IRVINGTON NEW YCRK PHILADELPHIA New York 30 East 42nd Street Land Title Building BOSTON-II CLEVELAND ATLANTA Atlanta Trust Co. Building Western Factory Des Plaines, Ill. St. Catharines, Ont. CHICAGO Continental Bank Building TORONTO Harbor Commission Building Canadian Factory eT nM An Alluring Reward for Promptness! ° g OU CAN have just such an entrancing border as is Our Sp ecial B order Collection pictured above, at a cost that is trifling, f you order of Gorgeous Darwin and Cottage Tulips (as pictured above in order from right to left) per 109 per 1900 Clara Butt — Exquisite Salmon now! We import your Bulbs especially for you, along with our own shipment, have them packed especially for you in Holland, thus saving you the handling charges here, reduce to a minimum the freight and import charges, and guarantee you the pick of the biggest and finest Bulbs These Are Our Prices—If You Order Now! MATCHLESS COLLECTIONS OF pink Darwin... . . . $4.00 $35.00 grown in Holland! BULBS AT REMARKABLE Picotee— White cottage with lovely An import order now means a big saving to you. Earn reflexed petals edged with pink 4.50 40.00 . Pp & 18 yi SAVINGS TO EARLY BUYERS! j F it—order now. To enable us to make this generous offer Pride of Haarlem—Darwin, Am- erican Beauty color -. 4.50 40.00 Wwe must have your order before July 1st, no later! Dream—Charming, clear lavender per 100 Darwin : 5.00 45.00 Bring the Glories of Tulip-time 100 Single Early Tulips in 10 named vari- Bronze Ques Are eal ws buff > eties. Bloomin April and early May $4.00 tinged with golden bronze . . 5.00 45.00 To Your Own Garden Next Spring! li sees : 100 Double Early Tulips in 10 named va- La Tulipe Noire—Enormous size Z 2 " a BI April and ly M 4.00 Darwin of deep velvety purple 5.00 45.00 Right now, while you are fascinated by the Tulips and tieties. Bloom in April and early May : Golden Papa C lesions pelden Daffodils you see in the parks or in your friends’ gardens, 199 Darwin Tulips in 10 named varieties. yellow Cottage . 4.50 40.00 picture them on your own lawn,—-and by a stroke of the Immense flowers on stems 2 Ys ft. tall 25 Bulbs at 100 rate? 250 Bulbs at 1000 rate pen, insure their charm and beauty for yourself next year! in May and June : te e380 Our collections include the choicest varieties it is pos- 100 Cottage Tulips in 10 named varieties. Very Special sible to obtain. Of some varieties, single bulbs alone che alps os stance neue esta 100 bulb a eae als (700 in all would cost 50 cents apiece. Included are the wonderful ane May and June cae ae PTs) : Wee eae Sea OOS Pare anal) Cottage Garden Tulips that you see in the old Dutch, as oy : Flemish, and English gardens where they have flourished 100 Breeder or Art Tulips in 5 rare named 1000 bulbs each of 7 varieties above (7000 in all) 5 5 varieties. In form like Darwins, won- $275.00 for years, treasured by their owners, hallowed by senti- derful shades of Bronze, Buff, Orange 2 . i ment, beautiful in their own right and with the fragrance and Apricot. May and June 5.00 Special 5% discount if you send cash with order . of sweet memories. 100 Parrot or Orchid Tulips in 4 named © Plant them among the shrubbery and in borders, as varieties. Bloom in May and June 5,00 =--—-—-—-— [se This Coupon eee ae ea well as in beds. They multiply rapidly, and will last : a and flower well for three years. Long-stemmed, grace- 100 Narcissi or Daffodils for naturalizing I etther for ordering—or just to send for Import list | ful, enduring, they are wonderful not only in the garden and lawn planting. Airy Trumpets, | but for indoor decoration in vases, etc. The colors are Medium Trumpets, shortcupped and MAX SCHLING, Seedsmen, Inc. | the most exquisite imaginable. the lovely Poet’s varieties, doubles I 24 West 59th Street, New York I You need not pay for your order until bulbs arrive and singles on long stems, all ous size l O You may enter my order for the Bulbs checked on ac-_ [ som Holland in Spt nce (ut is you send cosh a mother bulbs 4.00 companying list, for which I agree to pay at these special OCIS) VOW UNENy CES el Sek iscoun’ reterre j E 5 import prices when order arrives in September. | Dividend!) of 5%! 100 Bedding Hyacinths in 4 colors 5.50 [] _ 1 am deducting 5% Cash Discount and enclosing full I 100 Named Hyacinths, 2nd size, 4 varieties 7.00 ! payment in advance. I A> 9 | Oo Send me your ‘‘Import List’”’ of special offers on Bulb | 100 Named Hyacinths, exhibition or top [ Collections. I : size, in 10 named varieties for pots or | | glasses. awe: selection of warierics, ioe NAME or Tarest and best ek A p NAME... ieee eee bere eee eee | ADDRESS. I 24 West 59th St. New York 5% discount if you send cash with order L: os ee SSS Sei See eo eee — — Arn THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK Grape Pruning IRISES Garden Clubs Lily Pools (Annual Feature) in Summer JUNE 1922 25CENTS Vol. xxxv. No. 4 June, 1922 Doubleday, Page F Company = Garden (ity, New York, Boston Los Angeles (Chicago \ eats . . its not enough nowadays to seed a lawn, set out shrubs and plants and then let nature “do the rest.”’ Only in rare seasons does nature supply sufficient moisture to impart full vigor to a lawn or garden and make it lastingly beautiful. ———— — _\N a RE The early gardeners soon learn- ed the value of constant watering by hand, to supplement nature. And the modern gardener carries Cornell ., Systems of Irrigation *s, the improvement still further by ) . . Se the use of Cornell Irrigation sys- Sal ee tems. Like having rain when, *s. where and how you want it. me free of charge, . Ss your illustrated book- oS let describing in detail . the Cornell Systems of Ir- *. rigation. SS i 3 we, A Cornell system is absolute AME .. 2. ececeersevscssccscsese ° . . See insurance against dry weather, Gee Re and quickly pays for itself in the *. losses it prevents. oa “ IMPROVING NATURE Cornell Irrigation Systems are ef four main types. These are, “Underground” for lawns, ‘Low Down” and “Overhead” for veg- etable and flower gardens and orchards, “Portable Sprinklers” for tennis courts, golf greens and small lawns. We are prepared to make com- plete surveys and submit plans and specifications covering the installation of piping systems and pumping units. Use attached coupon. It will bring you a free illustrated book- let describing in detail the Cornell Irrigation and Water Supply Systems. W. G. CORNELL COMPANY Plumbing — Heating — Lighting 45 East 17th Street, New York City CHICAGO BALTIMORE NORFOLK CLEVELAND NEWARK PITTSBURGH WASHINGTON BOSTON ST. LOUIS KANSAS CITY PHILADELPHIA MONTREAL The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 Unbiased Opinions The following press notices were given without soli- citation. I introduced Iris Lord of June tg11. It is a strong grower, in my garden 49 inches tall. Horticulture, June 1919 “H. F. Chase, of Andover, Mass., exhibited a vase of Lord June Iris which aroused the greatest enthusiasm among Iris lovers present. Never, perhaps, have specimens as good as the vase shown at this exhibit been seen anywhere.” Florists Exchange, June 1919 “H. F. Chase, of Andover, exhibited one of the finest things in the exhibition: Iris pallida Lord of June. The specimen in- dicated that this variety is among the finest of all bearded Irises. It is a giant I. pallida dalmatica of a most pleasing color.” Florists Exchange, June 1921 “The vase of Lord June, shown by H. F. Chase, of Andover, was pronounced by competent judges the best ever seen. The color and size of the blooms and the length of stem, forty-nine inches, certainly gave many an admirer the first impression of whata well-grown Iris really does look like. This vase captured a silver medal.” Flower Grower, Belvidere, Ill., Juane1919 “The first Annual Show of the Belvidere Iris Society, in co- operation with The American Iris Society, was held in Belvidere on May 27 and 28. Mr. Pattison won first prize for the best specimen stalk, with a beautiful stalk of Lord of June, which was one of the most admired blooms.” Originator’s Description: IRIS Lord of June (Yeld) The beautiful new Iris. Lord of June, is admitted by those best competent to judge to be one of the finest varieties yet introduced. Borne on strong spikes, the exceedingly large flowers stand out boldly, the eye resting with pleasure on the light blue and purple shades relieved by an orange-coloured beard. The plants I ship will be from division July 1921. You get a plant with one year’s growth. Prepaid, parcel post, $5.00. No wholesale prices. No catalogue. Would suggest your ordering early. Plants will be shipped in July or early August. H. F. CHASE ANDOVER, MASS. Hardy Ferns and Orchids Wild Flowers and Bog Plants. Rock Garden Plants for dry or wet situations, all these in any reason- able quantity of only highest quality and, what's still better— Real Service A service that extends beyond the sending of a catalogue (a copy of which is yours free for the asking), a service that embraces the landscap- ing, planning, planting, and general detail work incidental to the mak- ing of naturalistic plantings. Please remember—we specialize in hardy wild plants and the creation of gar- dens in which they thrive naturally. Please afford our Catalogue a chance to acquaint you further with what we can do. Edward Gillett perry Southwick, Mass. 286 Fifth Avenue 1524 Chestnut Street New York City Philadelphia, Pa. Sooner or Later- IRISES! NCE acquired, the Iris habit does not have to be cultivated—it grows just as the Iris grows, ram- pantly, joyously, nursed by ever-grow- ing enthusiasm. Those of you who have Iris, know! This message is partic- ularly for those who this year will surrender to the charms of the Iris. To Help You to Decide NOW You may have made up your mind just which Iris you want—please feel that we have them if they are worth while sorts. For those in doubt just how to start we offer the following sorts of re- cognized merit, beautiful enough to win more friends for the Iris, covering a wide range of color and a long blooming season. Beauty—white, tinted lavender, falls striped deep purple—z5c. each. Dalmarius—light blue, with rosy lavender falls—25c. each. Florentina—fragrant, early, grayish white—25c. each. Blue Jay—dark, yet bright blue—soc. each. Isoline—a soft, yellow pink, deep rose falls—$1 each. Madame Chereau —white, frilled blue—25c. each. Tamerlane—silvery blue, coppery purple falls—soc. each. Walhalla—lavender, velvety purple falls—35c. each. Lohengrin—shades of Cattleya mauve —soc. each. Loreley—yellow, with purple falls— 35c. each. Mrs. H. Darwin —white, daintily tinted violet-—25c. each. Nibelungen—a fawn and _ bronze- purple symphony—soc. each. Quaker Lady—lavender and gold, falls blue and yellow—75c. each. Rhein Nixe—white with purple falls —5oc. each. Plumeri—rose mauve, deeper falls— 25c. each. Murat—pale orchid and ‘gold, striped falls—2s5c. each. Dozen lots of each at ten times the single rate. Shipment to be made during late June or early July, but to encourage prompt orders we make the following Very Special Offer We will mail one root of each of above sixteen superb sorts (a total value of $6.70 if bought separately) for $5.00. Two roots of each for $10.00. This offer holds good only during June and is made to Garden Magazine Readers Only, so please mention this advertise- ment when ordering. Learn to look to Totty’s as headquarters for the unusual among plants for your ornamental garden. Chas. H. Totty Co. Madison New Jersey 226 The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 Complete Bulb Garden Exceptionally Fine Tulips and Daffodils at Pre-War Prices If you have longed for a complete Dutch Bulb Gar- den—a garden of Darwin Tulips with their brilliant colors, the unusual and artistic Breeders in bronzes, purples, grays and browns, the dainty Old English Cot- tage tulips, and the finest Daffodils Here is Your Opportunity By sending us your order not later than July rst you may effect a substantial saving in your Dutch bulbs, securing unrivaled quality bulbs as follows: These bulbs delivered in Fall. 800 Bulbs (20 of each variety listed below) $35.00 400 Bulbs (10 of each variety listed below) 18.00 200 Bulbs ( 5 of each variety listed below) 10.00 This wonderful offer contains the following choice tulips and daffodils. You can not find more reasonable prices in these choice varieties: DARWIN TULIPS BARONNE DE LA TONNAYE—Bright rose. CLARA BUTT—Exquisite soft salmon-pink. KING HAROLD—Deep velvety crimson. PAINTED LADY—Creamy white, the water lily tulip. PHILLIPE DE COMMINES—Dark velvety violet. FLAMBEAU—Vivid scarlet-blue base. MARGARET—Delicate silvery pink. LA TULIPE NOIR—The black tulip. PRIDE OF HAARLEM—Glorious rosy carmine. WHITE QUEEN—White, black anthers. BREEDER TULIPS ALCIDA—Yellow tinted bronze. GENERAL NEY—Old gold olive base. JAUNE D’ OEUF—Lovely soft golden. MADAME LETTHIERRY—Salmon. VIOLET QUEEN—Large ruby-violet. BRONZE QUEEN—Buff tinged apricot. GODET PARFAIT—Deep purplish violet. MEDEA—Crushed Strawberry enormous, QUEEN ALEXANDRA—Delicate primrose with black anthers. YELLOW PERFECTION—Light bronze-yellow, re- markably beautiful. OLD ENGLISH COTTAGE TULIPS ELLEN WILMOTT—Fragrant creamy yellow. INGLESCOMBE SCARLET — Intense scarlet, black base. GLARE OF THE GARDEN—Dazzling scarlet. LA MERVEILLE—Sweet scented orange red. PICOTEE—Pure white margined bright rose. INGLESCOMBE PINK—Brilliant salmon. INGLESCOMBE YELLOW—Glossy canary yellow. JOHN RUSKIN—Apricot rose shaded mauve. MOONLIGHT—Enormous soft yellow. PLUTO—Rich carmine rose. HARDY DAFFODILS ’/ EMPEROR—Rich yellow trumpet. EMPRESS—(Bicolor) white yellow trumpet. MME. DE GRAAFF—Immense, white pale primrose trumpet. LUCIFER—White perianth, cup in- tense orange red. QUEEN BESS—Very early — White primrose cup SIR WATKINS — Giant Daffodil, rich sulphur-yellow. BARRII CONSPICUUS — Soft , yel- low perianth, cup edged scarlet. EVANGELINE—Pure white, lemon- yellow cup MRS. LANGTRY—Pure white twin flowered. The Lovely POETICUS ORNATUS. JONQUILLE COMPERNELLE ODO- RUS—Buttercup-yellow, fragrant and free flowering. This offer will not be repeated—nor is it good after July Ist. Send us your name for Fall Catalogue. Ready August Ist £ y H. BERGER & CO. 70 WARREN STREET, NEW YORK CITY Established 45 years La Tulipe Noir John Ruskin JUNE, 1922 MAGAZINE CONTENTS COVER DESIGN: RHODODENDRONS ONE ae Ue GIFTS IN JUNE, THE RHODODEN- BIRCHES TO CHARM THE WOODLAND PATH Photograph by Branson M. De Cou WISTERIA AND THE TREE PEONY IN PLEASING COMBINATION - - fle see Oe Photograph by Mattie ie, Hewitt THE MONTH’S REMINDER: WHEN TO DO WHAT YOU WANT TO DO - - - = =- = = = = - RAISING NEW IRISES FROM SEED = = Willis E. Fryer SOME IRIS COMBINATIONS FOR COLOR EFFECT B. Y. Morrison PLANT GLADIOLUS IN JUNE - - - = = = - IRISES FROM MARCH TO MID-JULY = = Lawson Gaul Photographs by R. S. Sturtevant, Clifford Norton, and others A LILY POOL IN A LITTLE GARDEN - - Jj. B. Spencer Photographs by the author A JAPANESE GARDEN UNDER A CHICAGO SKY Robert H. Moulton Photographs by the author THE CLUBS IN COUNCIL I. Do tHE GARDEN CLuBs ProGREss? Ellen P. Cunningham Il. Keeprinc STEP WitH SUMMER Fannie M. Chapman Drawing by E. M. Mattsson SUGARS—PLANTS OF THE DE ee T. MacDougal Photographs by the author JUNE IN A SEASHORE GARDEN - - Mary H. Northend THE GROWING WAYS OF BEARDED IRIS - A. C. Arny Photographs by the author CROP FACTS FOR READY REFERENCE - - A PICTORIAL HISTORY OF THE i. . Manchester Illustrations supplied by the author INVITATION—Poem - - S. Mitchell Neilson Illustration by Velma ap ‘Simkins THE MEDITERRANEAN IRISES - - - S. Stillman Berry Photographs by the author and Wm. N. Kline, GETTING LATE TOMATO PLANTS FROM EARLY ONES MAKING THE GRAPE VINE PRODUCTIVE John L. Doan Photograph by E. H. Lincoln AMONG OUR GARDEN NEIGHBORS = - = = THE OPEN COLUMN - Photographs by Mrs. je A. Nye and Mrs. David irene GIRLS AND BOYS vs. WEEDS LEONARD BARRON, Editor VOLUME XXXV, No. 4 Subscription $3.00 a Year; for Canada, $3.35; Foreign, $3.65 COPYRIGHT, 1922, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY GARDEN CITY, N. Y. Cuicaco: Peoples Gas Bldg. Los AncELEs: Van Nuys Bldg. F. N. DOUBLEDAY, President ARTHUR W. PAGE, NELSON DOUBLEDAY, Secretary Vice-Presidents JOHN J. HESSIAN, Asst. Treasurer Entered as second-class matter at Garden City, New York. under the Act of Congress, March 3, 1879 FOC DE, THE GARDEN Raymond Theel FOLIAGE PLANTS THAT DO WELL IN THE SHADE Boston: Tremont Bldg. New York: 120 W. 32nd St. RUSSELL DOUBLEDAY, S. A. EVERITT, Treasurer PAGE 234 235 236 238 238 238 239 243 245 246 247 249 252 254 256 256 257 260 261 263 264 267 268 The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 _ 227 urpee’s °]20 Perennial Garden One Packet each of Twelve Beautiful Perennials cA iii ll AAALAC The Month of Peonies as nearly here a cc i ls Perennials are the chief standby of the old-fashioned garden. They require little attention and respond generously to in- creased and thorough cultivation. After once being established they will not only last many years but also increase in beauty with every season. Burpee’s Dollar Perennial Garden will give you a beautiful display of gor- geous flowers from early until late, season after season. The Collection contains one packet each of: Oriental Poppy, Delphinium, Foxglove, Sweet William, Shasta Daisy, Aquilegia Pyrethrum, Anchusa, Platycodon, Gaillardia, Lychnis and Coreopsis. Mailed to your address, postpaid for $1.00. Donte VOUN WAND 90 O SEER? A WONDERFUL DISPLAY OF SOME OF THE MOST MAG- NIEICEND EHO NTE S: IN EXISTENCE? Then COME TO CHERRY HILL where you will see THOUSANDS AND THOUSANDS OF RARE AND BEAUTIFUL BLOSSOMS IN ALL THEIR WONDROUS For best results plant your perennial seeds in June. HNL KON Foxglove BEAUTY. WV Atlee B WJ Be e CO. If you cannot come then, PLEASE eed Growers Nageipnia. FEEL FREE TO ASK FOR OUR CATALOGUE which we will gladly send you. You may have the benefit of OUR EXPERI- ENCE gained from GROWING PEONTIES FOR NEARLY FIFTY YEARS. We welcome visitors EVERY DAY EXCEPT SUNDAY when our grounds are closed. ALAA ATT Te 0A TTT LINN LEE A Rare Offer of A Rarer Tulip— The number of good Tulips runs into hundreds, but there is one considered ‘‘better than the rest’ by connoisseurs! Of dark purple color, with bronze shad- ings, each petal margined dull golden orange. Louis XIV is regarded as the most wonderful Tulip extant. Louis XIV Tulips, at Cost, on this Basis:— This Tulip costs us $15.00 per 100 bulbs in Holland. We will supply it, at that rate with orders amounting to $5.00 or more. Every reader selecting $5.00 worth of bulbs from our free catalogue is entitled to 25 bulbs of Louis XIV, at cost ($3.75). If you order $25.00 worth of bulbs, you are welcome to 125 bulbs of Louis XIV and so forth. . This offer is made solely to distribute a great Tulip in broader fashion and to acquaint readers better with Wayside Gardens. THE WAYSIDE GARDENS CO. Mentor, Ohio Largest Growers of Perennials in America AMAT Our shipping season commences the last week in August and continues until the ground freezes. All orders will be filled with our CHERRY HILL STRAIN of plants which have always been so satisfactory. Ini ie CA riURLOW SS SONS INCORPORATED (Cherry Hill Nurseries) West Newbury SMALL AA A Lv EEE le lil zi ANT TN TTT = SANNA TTT ll 228 The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 ‘Just Delightfully Different’’ My Garden favorites Summer, 1922 cc An Announcement and Invitation to Rose Lovers During the first week of July (not June) our roses in the fields will, if the season continues normal, reach their height of bloom and this year we shall have the greatest showing of its kind ever seen in this country. The Summer Issue with a complete Listing of Summer Vegetable and Perennial Flower Seeds together with a complete offer of Holland Bulbs for Direct Import. Now Ready Write for a copy, it is yours for the asking. The blooms will appear on plants maturing for next Fall’s and Spring’s sales. (By the way, have you ever tried Fall planting of field-grown roses? Practically all large and experienced amateur planters now prefer the Fall season). Come and enjoy this great treat with us whether you intend to plant or not—it will prove a revelation to you. If you request to be specially notified just when the flowers are reaching their maximum of show, we shall take pleasure in complying with such request and at the same time send you detailed directions on how to get to Fair Lawn and the rose field. (To see Peonies come about June 10th) Maurice Fuld tne. Be sure to Poul E- Atkinson, President see our special Plantsmen =, Seedsmen GLADIOLI OFFER 7 West 45*» St. Kew York George H. Peterson Spctiaiict, Bons, Fair Lawn, N. J. You Might Get Along Without | (3a Jee Gilson Garden Tools, BUT—| ta sh ai A Perfect Path of A Perfect Flower! The Iris is always ornamental—after the glorious flower show this month, the ornamental foliage pleases during balance of season. Among hundreds of kinds we grow, in acre lots, three stand out pre-eminently. You will find them illustrated in colors on inside back cover of our spring catalogue, a few copies of which are still available. Queen of May—Soft rosy iilac shading to pink, 25c. each. $2.50 per doz. Pallida Dalmatica—Clear deep lavender, falls shaded lighter. 25c. each. $2.50 per doz. Loreley—A glorious combination of blue and yellow. 35c. each. $3.50 per doz. Special Offer: We will mail 2 roots each of above three splendid sorts for $1.50 postpaid. Shipment in early August. e Ask for Midsummer Catalogue of Bulbs, Perennials, etc. JOHN LEWIS CHILDS, Inc. _‘ Floral Park, New York ah a Mone ao sp oreersemurnerse7: ? “ Te ¢ 4 Gilson Why waste half the energy of every stroke; why loosen leaves to have Weeders— them grow fast again; why lose a lot \ of time hunting up different tools when one specific set of tools will serve every purpose in 100 point fashion? The Gilson Rocker or Scuffle Hoe 2 : . : ‘ Li b rt Made in 5, 7 and 9 tooth sizes, is redeeming all lost motion e y adjustable to different widths in cultivating. The double between rows. Scientifically edged blade cuts just as much shaped teeth sink into the soil in travelling back as in ad- naturally; sharp cutting edges vaneing. Besides cuttin 4 cut the weeds, besides uproot- weeds, it pulverizes sou. Sb.

colors, odd ahawee and ex wisite shadeslof calor etiey, are You obtain special import price by ordering now and, if you Hurlips Yellow nothing short of wonderful.’? —J. A. S., Portland, Me. prefer, you may pay for bulbs when delivered during Sep- Belle “Alliance Peheea tember or October. All bulbs are selected and packed in Lady Boreel Pure White eo RE TIES COUPON TODAY) 2) | Holland and! zeachtomellcustomers in (perteeu condition scam Keiserkroon Red & Yellow wf teste wlote doate Worle ovo dorto doco wto Joao Worle torte do dodotowte after we receive the shipment. Rose Grisdelin Beautiful Pink Elliott Nursery Co., Narcissi or Daffodils 3 508 Magee Bidg., Pittsburgh, Pa. Paper White Monster Sizes Kindly send me Free Booklet about Import- GoldenSpurSelect Rich Yellow ed Dutch Bulbs with full directions how to Emperor )Mon- Yellow grow themin house and garden. Empress { ster White & Yellow Name e Von Sion ) Sizes Double Yellow FES Eats ee ee OS Poeticus Ornatus White Sulphur Phoenix Yellow & White 80 5. Booklet lists many other varieties WUNOIInoS Sssauss Gece ee SPAS Sates Aaa gelled 508 Magee Bldg. Established35years Pittsburgh, Pa. KRECCECEECE EET ECE TET ECETTTTER Our bulb business is one of the largest in the world lhe Garden Vol. XXXV, No. 4 MAGAZINE June, 1922 “THE BEAUTY WHICH IS EVERYWHERE BENEATH THE SKIES OF JUNE”; John Greenleaf Whittier Rhododendrons play a not inconsiderable part in the great pageant of June and are effectively used wherever masses of concentrated color are wanted— a marginal planting as here gives double brilliancy through the reflections in the water beneath 233 234 The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 a" 4 2 Do a iW CD irra, “aiite, 2 Branson M. De Cow, Photo. “THE WHITE BIRCH IS A LADY, IN A GLITT’RING SILVER GOWN, A LADY WITH THE GRACES OF THE GAYEST BELLE IN TOWN. IN HER RAIMENT SOFT AND DAINTY SHE’S A DRESDEN SHEPHERDESS, WITH HER PETTICOATS AFLUTTER AS THE BREEZES BLOW HER DRESS.” Adele Middleton Russell Well might this be a silver-white way leading into fairy-land, so fraught with magic suggestion is the Birch, particularly in early summer before its ethereal delicacy is dispelled by hot mid-summer suns. Such an approach as this near Bethlehem, New Hampshire, adds much charm to any place, pitching the imagination at once to pleasurable expectancy; and evem a short path gains in beauty when similarly planted The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 “PURPLE WISTERIA IN CLOUDY DEW-FALL FREEING SILK BLOSSOMS SWEET,” Elsie C. D. De Festetics Soyeh RAR ag PEONIES A-BLOW SPREADING THEIR GAY PATTERNS CRIMSON, PIED AND CREAM, LIKE SOME GORGEOUS FRESCO OR AN EASTERN DREAM.” Bliss Carman x. DR eS Mattie Edwards Hewitt, Photo These two natives of the Orient, long at home in American gardens, are truly lovely in combination; the Tree Peony (Paeonia Moutan) being less widely known because less easily grown than Wisteria. The flowers of the Tree Peony, like those of the Godetia and the Poppy, are characterized by a glistening, silky sheen, and unfold in fascinating manner from tight crinkly buds to smooth-petalled blooms of great size and beauty. It is best to get plants that have been grafted on the: herbaceous Peony, as those propagated on moutan stock are apt to revert to the ugly color of the original wild plant. Garden of Mrs. Aaron Ward, Roslyn, L. I. WHEN TO DO WHAT YOUR aN 1 Ose e , i a four hundred feet of altitude. | EXACT proportion to the time and effort previously put into it, the garden is now beginning to yield returns in kind. oi Peas, Spinach, Green Onions, Radishes, salads, etc., are now \ pe to be had for the gathering, yet if a regular succession is to ane be maintained, the pace set during the last two months must be kept up. Not only must more plantings be made, but the crops now growing need protection and insurance from insect and disease often troublesome in the June garden. The Intruding Hosts Plant lice, or aphis, on Cantaloupes, Cabbage, etc., may be checked by spraying with Black Leaf 40, or any approved nicotine extract. Do the spraying during the cool of the evenings and take care to wet the under side of the leaf. Squash needs protection from the striped cucumber beetle and flea beetle while they are still small; use arsenate of lead powder, one ounce to three pounds of dry land plaster, or air-slaked lime, or very finely sifted ashes. To a certain extent the squash bug may also be thus attacked, but at times'that pest appears to be im- pervious to poison, and hand picking has to be resorted to. If the leaves show signs of wilting, examine the stem near the root for the borer, and if it has not gone too far it may be cut out and the vine will recover. In any case it is a good plan to cover several of the vine joints with soil to encourage the formation of independent roots. For rust and blight of Celery and dark brown spots on the Beans, spray with bordeaux, or better still with bordeaux-arsenate, and get some of the leaf-eating pests at the operation. Irregular holes in the Cabbage leaves? Either arsenate of lead or paris green, one ounce to ten gallons of water; and use it on Cauli- flower, Kale, Brussels-sprouts, Kohlrabi. Slug-shot is a handy material for general use in the vegetable garden against worms and caterpillars—it is not poisonous but is effective. If cutworms nip off the newly set plants, feed a supper of bran mois- tened with sweetened water until it will crumble, and add paris green one ounce to three pounds of bran. Put it around the plants at night. Potatoes require the arsenate-bordeaux spray against blight and po- tato bugs to “‘kill two birds with one stone’’; and look out for the Egeg-plants, too! Succession Plantings Succession plantings to be made of all vegetables required for table supply throughout the summer provide for fall crops by replanting extra early varieties now on the decline—such as Beets, Radishes, Lettuce, Spinach, etc. Have mid-summer Lettuce (see GARDEN MacazinE for April, pages 116-118) or Endive follow Early Beets; Bush Beans after Radishes; Beets or Celery to follow Lettuce; Lettuce or Beans to follow Onions. Extra early varieties of the follow-up crops will oftentimes leave the ground available for still another crop in August. Plant early varieties of Sweet Corn every week or ten days up to July 4th which should be the final planting on latitude 40°; midseason Lettuces, such as All-season, Iceberg, and Butterhead to be sown all through this month. Fine summer Radishes are Long White Vienna, Chartiers, and White Delicious. Winter Celery to be sown at once. Any sown last month may be pricked off into a spent hotbed as soon as large enough to handle. Che Montt’'s Reminder JUNE—ENJOYING THE FRUITS OF INDUSTRY Herein are listed the seasonal activities for the complete garden. be found in the current or the back issues of THE GARDEN Macazi make each number of the magazine a complete manual of practice. References to back numbers may be looked up in the index to each completed volume (sent gratis on request); the Service Department will also be glad to cite references to any special topic if asked by tions; a stamped, addressed envelope being enclosed. When referring to the time for outdoor work of any sort New York City (latitude 40) at sea level in a normal season is taken as standard; but at best dates can only be approximate. Roughly, the season advances northward fifteen miles a day. Thus Albany, which is one hundred and fifty miles from New York, would be about ten days later, and Philadelphia, which is ninety miles southwest, about a week earlier. Also allow four days for each degree of latitude, for each five degrees of longitude, and for each (Copyright, 1922, Doubleday, Page §¥ Co.) ~ 236 Details of how to do each item may NE—it is manifestly impossible to mail and to send personal replies to specific ques- at ——- 7 —= E = GSS ha Za ES Crops grown for their leaves (Chard, Spinach, Endive, etc.) will be benefited by nitrogenous manures. Give top dressing of nitrate of soda either immediately following a rain or on ground thor- oughly saturated the night previous. Liquid manure is best, however; to make: half fill a bag with manure and suspend in a barrel of water. Cease cutting Asparagus as soon as other vegetables are plentiful. Transplant to permanent quarters: late Cauliflower, Cabbage, Kale, Broccoli, and Brussels-sprouts. About the Grounds Get after the elm-leaf beetle early, as spraying is useless after the larve begin to come down. Use arsenate of lead applied with a good pressure pump. Keep clipped all kinds of trained plants and hedges. Recently transplanted large trees, shrubbery, and other ornamentals to be well watered throughout the summer. Evergreens will be benefited by overhead spraying twice a day. Young shoots of climbing Roses and other climbers to be kept tied up. Seed pods to be removed from Rhododendrons, Kalmias, Andromedas, etc., to reserve vigor for next year’s bloom. Prune early flowering shrubs as they pass out of bloom, removing the oldest wood that it may be replaced with young, vigorous shoots for next season’s flowers. Propagate now by cuttings of half-ripened wood shrubs and trees, to be rooted under glass; also layer as soon as shoots are long enough to permit it. Pinch out side shoots of Evergreens to induce bushiness. Grass edges to be neatly clipped; walks and drives to be raked and rolled frequently. The Flowers in the Garden Sweet-pea flowers to be picked determinedly; if seed pods form, plants will stop producing. Keep well watered, for if the vines begin to turn yellow that is the end. Bedding-out to be finished promptly, setting aside a few surplus plants for replacements. Iris needs lots of water after blooming. Use bonemeal as fertilizer; top dressing with manure is bad for Iris. The best time to divide, transplant, or make new plantings of Iris is immediately after the blooming period. Stake plants as they need it and before they blow over. Cut to the ground Achillea as soon as through flowering to provide for a second crop later in the season. Coreopsis kept cut close will make a display all through the season. Keep picked off all dead leaves and flowers as they fade. Flower Seeds to be Sown Sow now seed from such early flowering plants as Columbines, Lark- spurs, etc., to produce good plants before the fall. Late-flowering Tulips may be lifted as they pass out of bloom and heeled in elsewhere to ripen, the vacancies being filled with annuals. Those known as “‘croppers” are best for this purpose. Still time to get a supply of seeds of annuals and enjoy a perfect sea of bloom ere the fall frosts arrive. To be sown now: Snapdragons, Asters, annual Gaillardia, Clarkia, Larkspur, Lupin, Poppy, Alyssum, Arctotis, Balsam, Calendula, Calliopsis, Candytuft, Cornflower, Centaurea, Cleome, Globe-amaranth, annual Gypso- 4 The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 phila, annual Sunflower, Marigold, Mignonette, Stock, Verbena, Zinnia, etc. Attention to the Roses Feed freely with liquid manure; if large exhibition blooms are wanted, rub off all but the terminal bud. One sure way to get control of rose bugs is by hand picking into a can of kerosene. Spraying with arsenate of lead, 5 pounds to 50 gallons of water, repeatedly, is an old remedy, not very effectual. Melrosine is a new prepara- tion recommended for its effectiveness. Gladiolus for late fall cutting to be planted at 2-week intervals. Dahlias to be planted during the month; put out stakes before setting out tubers or plants. When growth has started, reduce shoots to one, allowing side branches to develop one foot above the ground. Propagating for the Hardy Border Many herbaceous and alpine plants may be propagated after flowering by cuttings or offsets. The Creeping Phloxes, Cerastiums, Sedums, Aubretias, Arenaria, and Iberis, are among those that may be increased at this time. Use a frame containing sandy soil and which can be shaded from hot sun. Stock may also be in- creased by sowing seeds at this time. Such subjects as Delphin- iums, Lupins, Foxgloves, Canterbury-bells, Sweet Williams, Aquilegias, Oenotheras, Heucheras, and other perennials, will make plants of sufficient size to plant into permanent quarters in the fall if sown now. A seed bed in the open ground will meet the requirements of these plants at this time, but as the frames are emptied of other stock they may be utilized. Shade is es- sential until germination takes place. Fruit Garden Thin the ‘‘set” of Apples, Pears, Peaches. Much finer fruit will result, with superior flavor, and the aggregate weight at least equal. True also of Grapes. Crops of Gooseberries, Currants, Strawberries depend to a large extent upon the amount of moisture maintained about the roots. Use grass clippings and other mulching material. Summer pruning (pinching out the tip of the young growth) will keep the young fruit trees in better shape and induce fruitfulness. Retard the Currant crop and gather fresh fruit in August by covering bushes with muslin or burlap before fruit ripens. Watch Black- berries and Dewberries for orange rust, burning affected bushes as soon as discovered. To feed fruit trees scatter stable manure over the ground as far as the spread of the branches; or use 4 to 5 pounds of phosphoric acid for each large tree, and, after raking it in, mulch the surface with the weeds and other refuse taken from the garden. Trees with rank, vigorous growth and little fruit do not need manure; those with small, undersized fruit and little or no annual growth will be benefited. The Greenhouse Plants for Next Winter This is preparatory season for next winter’s supply of cut flowers, pot plants, etc. A general clean-up is essential. Discard old plants, renew soil and generally overhaul. As many subjects as possible that are to be carried over should be accommodated in frames. Adiantums (Croweanum, cuneatum, and gracillimum); Pteris; Cyrtomiums; Polypodiums; Davallias, and Nephrolepis; Cycla- men; Primulas, and other flowering plants are amenable to frame culture at this time. 237 Antirrhinum seedlings intended for an early winter crop should now be large enough to prick off. Give a fairly rich soil and plenty of room. ; Still time to root a batch of the exhibition Chrysanthemums. They will make fine dwarf plants in six-inch pots. Early rooted plants to be potted on as fast as they fill the pots with roots, until they are in their flowering pots. Plants for bench culture to be planted into flowering quarters now. Sow seeds of Primula malacoides and its varieties, also Cineraria; give the latter every protection from heat and grow as cool as conditions will allow. Celosia sown now will provide blooming plants by the end of August. Plants on hand to be repotted to larger pots. Gloxinias to be well shaded and grown cool. Fumigate for thrips. Begonias of the Lorraine type require shade and careful watering. Keep near the glass to secure stickiness. Gardenias require frequent and thorough syringings to keep them free from mealy bug. Keep the atmosphere moist by frequent damp- ing down of the paths and walls. Cyclamen to be potted on as required, using a light but rich compost. Well-rotted cow manure and bonemeal are good sources of food for these subjects. Poinsettias to be potted up for winter flowering. Azaleas are worth all the care that can be bestowed upon them now; plunge out of doors after they have flowered with others of their kind to ripen. Roses to be planted with all possible speed; avoid overwatering; cultivate regularly to keep weeds down. Fumigate if green fly troubles. Carnations in the benches may be discarded. Continue cultivating the young stock outdoors and keep the leading shoots topped as they begin.to make headway. If your soil is such that you have to resort to watering the plants in the field this month, reduce the supply toward the middle of the period so that the plants will not be too soft for benching early next month. Plunge Amaryllis up to the rims of the pots in frames and keep the sashes elevated all the time. They are making their growth now for next season’s flowering and, in addition to an abundance of water, a top-dressing of commercial preparation of fertilizer or applications of liquid manure will be of benefit to them. Seedlings to be kept growing along, having no rest until they have flowered. Pelargoniums for propagating to have the water supply reduced so the wood will ripen. Decorative plants are now at the height of their growing season: see that growth does not become too soft. Shade only enough to break direct rays of the sun and give abundant ventilation on all favorable occasions. Old plants of advanced age and size should be repotted if necessary. Christmas Peppers and Bouvardias planted outdoors to be pinched at frequent intervals to induce bushiness. Calanthes now growing freely will take water liberally; do not feed until the pots have plenty of roots in them. Syringe overhead on favorable days, but do not leave the foliage wet overnight. Cal- anthes like a brisk, moist heat. Pot fruit trees need room. Nets underneath will catch any fruits that may fall off. Young Peach trees trained on trellises, making first year’s wood for the forming of the main branches of the trees for years to come, to have the young wood laid in right or they will never look as they should. As the last fruit is taken from the early peach house give a thorough syringing to dislodge any red spider. Give water if the border is on the dry side, and a little feeding will help the plants to build up flower buds for next season. Keep ventilators wide open. RAISING NEW IRISE S ram ioe 1D) NUBILE CBIR. 3@ FASCINATING gamble, this raising of new varieties from seed—one plays a gigantic game of “grab-bag” | with Nature and sometimes pulls a prize worth having. 3. Beardless and Bearded (both Dwarf and Tall), Japan, And Siberian Irises have grown up from seed in my garden. Of literally thousands of seedlings of the Siberian, but one has been given a name—True Blue. Though there is not much variation in the Dwarf Bearded, three have been named and others show promise of being worthy. The Beardless are similar to the Siberian in that they show very slight differences indeed; the seedlings, however, sometimes have foliage of erect habit four to five feet in height, a characteristic which renders them, I find, quite ornamental. Some wonderful varieties of the Japan Iris have developed from seed, but as these are less dependable in Minnesota than the others, I have never named one. As there seems more chance for variation in the Tall Bearded than among other species, my efforts will be focussed in future up- onthem. Ina plot containing more than two thousand seedlings scarcely any two come just alike. Only six have been named. Tall Bearded Iris does not seed freely, however; and from many named varieties | have never been able to gather a single seed. For this reason I save seed as it forms on my own plants with miserly care, going over the beds every day as soon as seed be- gins to ripen. Much will be lost by the bursting of the seed-pod if allowed to get too ripe; also the seed will shrivel instead of being nice and plump as when gathered at just the right time. As soon as gathered, clean, and place in moist sand. Plant seed in the late fall; it has not yet become dry and germ- inates well. I have planted it as gathered with good success, but prefer keeping it in moist sand until autumn. Some growers wait until spring, but it seems to me that by then the seed is inclined to harden and not germinate so well. Do not disturb your seed-bed the second year! I often have a better stand than the first year, and have had seed germinate the third.- If seedlings are left in the seed-bed until they bloom, plant them at least five or six inches apart in the rows. If all grow, even this will be too close and there will be difficulty in keeping varieties separate. ; A feasible method is to draw a hoe through the soil making a slight depression (not over an inch deep), the width of the hoe. Sow seed thickly in this depression and cover from one-half to one inch deep. Firm the soil with the foot and rake over very lightly. Any good mellow soil will do for the seed bed, just the same as would be used for any good vegetable or flower garden; if lightened a little it will be a help. The following July transplant seedlings one foot apart in rows about three feet apart; there is then no danger of getting plants mixed. A large percentage will bloom the first season after transplanting, and all the second season; the last. can then be marked and moved to a new bed in July; the others de- stroyed! Do not be in a hurry to name new Irises and select only a few of your very best. The naming of poor varieties is altogether too common, and a practice to be discouraged. SOME IRIS COMBINATIONS FOR? COL @ taka: lieu B. Y. MORRISON UGGESTIONS for recurring clumps through a long bed. Varieties marked with an asterisk (*) should be set toward the front of the bed. I. Red-purple through white to blue-purple: INNOCENZA or LA NEIGE, white CELESTE‘ whitish blue PALLIDA DALMATICA, gray lavender Juniata, blue lavender ORIFLAMME™, blue lavender bicolor RHEIN NrxE, white and violet bicolor Mownsienor, blue purple bicolor PERFECTION, deep purple. bicolor SysBiL*, clear pink bicolor ARCHEVEQUE”*, red-purple bicolor Mary, red-purple bicolor EpouArRD MIcHEL, deep red or wine Rose Unique, lighter red-purple self Caprice’, lighter red-purple self Mrs. ALAN GRay*, lavender pink Her Majesty, clearer pink Anne Les.iie*, white and dahlia- carmine bicolor ELEANOR, pale mallow-pink lil “Iridescent” From red-bronze through yellows into the colors: Dawn%, sulphur Prosper LAuaiErR, deep rosy bronze INNOCENZA*, white Dr. BERENICE, similar but less rosy LT LANT more Gladiolus in June! Three plantings at in- tervals of two weeks will assure succession of bloom till fall comes. Site: in full sunshine. Soil: any will do, but preferably rich sandy loam. Region: anywhere, everywhere. Feeding; good potato or general fertilizer; ordinary organic manures, rotted; do not let fresh manure touch bulb; later 238 Ir1s Kine, dull gold and mahogany Fro, gold and chestnut Mrs. NEUBRUNNER™*, orange-yellow SHELFORD YELLOW, orange-yellow AurEA’%, clear yellow AFTERGLOW, yellow to lavender-bufft QUAKER Lapy, yellow to blue ELpDorApDo%, yellow to blue, deeper ALCAZAR, red-lavender flushed yellow Suggestions for planting in groups: 6. MoTHER OF PEARL, pinkish pale lavender Nine WELLs, purple bicolor 7. ARCHEVEQUE, red-violet 1. DAwn, pale sulphur PERFECTION, purple bicolor Fro, gold and chestnut Iris Kine, dull gold and mahogany 2. 3. ALCAZAR, red-lavender flushed yel- ANNE Lestie, white and dahlia- low carmine Nirvana, slightly pinkish lavender 8. QUAKER LApy, iridescent yellow 4. ELEANOR, mallow-pink to blue BARONET, blue CELESTE, pale whitish blue 9. CARTHUSIAN, deep lavender Mrs. H. Darwin, white VICTORINE, white and pansy-purple . Mars (G anp K), pale yellow and pink AFTERGLOW, yellow to lavender Princess VictToriA Louise, ditto buff but deeper 10. MonsiGNnor, red-purple RHEIN NrxE, white and red-violet l mii il cultivate in pulverized sheep manure, etc., if necessary. Depth etc: 4 to 6 inches deep according to soil, the lesser in heavy; bulbs 4 to 6 inches apart (right side up); if in rows 18 inches or more apart. Then cultivate, cultivate, cultivate, never letting crust form on soil. Watch for August GARDEN MacazinE for “‘All About Gladiolus.” Fx% F I could have but one flower in my garden, that one — would be an Iris! I have little by little learned to know many of this enchanting family, which can be Gas coaxed to make a first appearance about Snowdrop time, and from then on continue to flaunt erect torches of vary- ing height and color until struck down by the hot suns of mid- July. me immediately after flowering is the best occasion for divid- ing, planting, or transplanting; and as we are planning for an unbroken succession of bloom through the weeks of spring and early summer, let us, for practical convenience, here consider the Irises in the order of their blooming rather than according to any more technical classification. The Earliest to Bloom HE very first to bloom is the dwarf and elusive reticulata. I have flowered it at Snowdrop time in well prepared soil, enriched with humus (never use organic manure), protected from the north winds, and covered to the depth of six inches with leaves through the winter. It is a tiny, dainty thing, i ZZ LAWSON Planting Now for Next Season’s Procession of Blooms Eprtors’ Note: In response to requests from many readers for copies of THE GARDEN Mac- AZINE containing “ Irises for Succession of Bloom,’’ published several years ago and now out of print, we are presenting this article in revised and up-to-date form with the hope that it will prove as satisfyingly adequate as the original appears to have been. GAUL deep blue purple, in form somewhat like the Spanish Iris, but much smaller; and like most very early bloomers, short stemmed. If so desired, it may be moved when in flower, pro- vided the plants are kept moist while out of the ground. Next in the procession are the pumila varieties, which look quite like German Irises in miniature. First comes the deep purple, of which most gardens possess at least a few; then the much lovelier sky-blue caerulea, and the large flowered white variety, Schneecuppe. The pumilas are quite hardy, and pre- fer a sunny, dry portion of the garden for their home. Used as edging for the taller Irises, dwarf varieties look, to me, “out of drawing’’; when they are planted alone in flat drifts near rocks or borders, the effect is so much happier. The Alpine and Crimean hybrids follow the pumilas closely; their flowers are both larger and longer stemmed. Stewart is a delicate primrose; and The Bride, of course, pure white; Fairy combines pale and deep blue; and Gracilis is a sweet-scented beauty, silver gray and lavender. The Intermediates, resulting from crosses between the tall bearded (German) Irises and the various Crimean hybrids, R. S. Sturtevant, Photo. WHEN BEARDED IRISES LIFT THEIR MANY-COLORED STANDARDS “Irises look happiest if planted in longish, natural appearing groups, with a delicate green or open background.” 239 Garden of Mr. R. S. Sturtevant at Wellesley Farms, Mass. 240 bloom between the early dwarfs, and the later Germans. They are large-flowered, sweet-scented mostly, of medium height, quite hardy, and thoroughly charming. Gerda, cream yellow; Halfdan, creamy white; and Queen Flavia, primrose yellow, are all lovely; Ingeborg, one of the introductions, is a beautiful, very large white flower. The Intermediates are vigorous, and like a sunny, well drained position. Difficult, but Worth While for Early Bloom HE Mourning Iris, I. susiana, though not easy to grow, is well worth the enthusiasm she demands and is the best known member of the Oncocyclus group. Irises of this family have very distinctive flowers, only one to the stalk, and are cu- riously veined in sombre colors. For the Mourning Iris choose a well protected spot, enrich the ground with bonemeal, and a liberal supply of lime—either in the form of old mortar pounded up, or lime which has been thoroughly air-slaked. Tamp the finished bed as firmly as possible, and fave the surface raised for prompt and proper drainage. Plant the bulbs in autumn, just covering them with earth; cover well with leaves and a board or two, and do not uncover in the spring until all possible danger of frost is over. After the all too short season of bloom, cover the bed with old glass- sash or boards, as the roots must be kept perfectly dry during the resting period. Some persons lift the bulbs immediately after flowering, dry well and pack away until fall. If planted to flower in front of the pale pink Darwin Tulip Margaret, or the deep mauve Breeder Chester Jay Hunt, the combination will be most satisfying, for I. susiana is of a shade known to users of dress materials as taupe, a brownish gray with a pink cast. ‘The flower is very large, about twice that of the typical German Iris, and is borne on an eighteen-inch stem. Iris verna (Apogon or Beardless), a tiny, violet colored, fra- grant native of Ohio, is a too little known early bloomer; flower- ing freely, spreading rapidly, and requiring half shade—a unique quality among Irises. Another dwarf beauty is Iris cristata (Evansia or Crested) a native of our Central States; usually found creeping quite ram- pantly on damp gravel beside streams. The dainty amethyst- blue flowers carried on three-inch stems (or more correctly on three-inch perianth tubes) are charming in the rock garden. Divers Dependables of the Tall Bearded Group EXT to wave its many colored flags in this procession is the great group of Tall Bearded Iris, misnamed German, since very few Irises are native to Germany, and those few are not the parents of the great group commonly known by that name. Among these, the first to bloom is the old reliable Pur- ple King which is none the less desirable because persistent and easy to please. The early grayish-white Florentina (formerly known as Silver King) makes an effective companion planting. For convenience let us divide this group into its six sub- sections: (1) The pallida is, in my humble estimation, the most beauti- ful of Bearded Irises; with handsome, long-stemmed, fragrant, gray-blue to lavender flowers; and wide, glaucous foliage. Pallida dalmatica is to be found in many gardens, but is often confused with the Florentine Flag (Orris-root Iris) which, how- ever, is less sturdy, lacks dignity, and has not the same glaucous gray cast. The true dalmatica is fragrant and has beautiful, clear, pale blue-lavender standards with a distinct sparkle in full sunlight, and slightly darker falls. Juniata shows close re- lationship to dalmatica, but is somewhat darker in tone, and carries its flowers on longer stems. These two gray-blue laven- ders planted with the pale primrose colored |. flavescens, de- light the eye; particularly if some of the nameless hybrid Aquilegias combining these two shades be added. I. pallida dalmatica is also charming in combination with the pale pink Weigela. Of the pinkish lavenders, or mauves in the pallidas, there are four, making a graduated shading: first, the lovely The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 Queen of May; then Her Majesty, slightly deeper; Trautlieb, a white ground delicately veined with mauve; and Mme. Pac- quette, a deep rosy purple. Varieties mentioned here and in the subsequent sections are typical rather than selective; up- to-date introductions are, of course, to be found in the catalogues of the specialists. (2) The variegata is for thosewho fancy brilliant yellows more than do I. Standards are invariably yellow, and falls veined with brownish red, giving at a distance a solid effect. Aurea is a vivid chrome of pure color without veinings. Maori King is considered by many the most effective of the variegatas, having velvety, brown-crimson falls, and bright yellow stan- dards, which are most striking in appearance. Iris King is a glorified form of Maori King, and Mme. Neubert is perhaps the best all-yellow Iris we have. (3) Flowers of the amcena type are characterized by white standards with falls of various colors. The falls of Mrs. H. Darwin have a network of fine lavender lines at the base, and | find it one of the most beautiful; Donna Maria is another lovely white, tinged with lavender. (4) To the squalens belong all the Irises with ashen violet, almost transparent standards, and bronze or coppery falls. In the garden they look rather like some colored fabric which has been left too long in strong sunlight; but used indoors against neutral tinted walls, they are beautiful. The pale green of a newly leaved Japanese Maple offers a fitting background, as does Philadelphus. (5) The neglecta ranges (through various shades of Laver and purple. Black Prince, a very dark velvety purple, has beauty, but seems difficult to establish; Othello, a tall and lovely flower, is marked by blue-lavender standards, and deep pur- ple velvety falls. Indeed in this section pretty blooms are legion! (6) In the plicata or aphylla sub-section the flowers have color applied to their white petals as if embroidered with the “Jong-and-short stitch.” Mme. Chereau is perhaps the best known and best loved of this lot, with her beautiful, blue- lavender, stitched edges. LL these Tall Bearded Irises are hardy, almost to the point of being “fool proof,” but they have a few distinct prefer- ences. They all like a well drained, sunny home where the rhizomes can bake thoroughly after the blooming season. In planting, the rhizomes should be only just covered with earth. Unless very well-rotted manure can be had, bonemeal is the better fertilizer; in no case use fresh organic manure. Though Irises in general prefer to be left undisturbed, they increase so rapidly that if, after a year or two, you wish to use your increase for new beds, do not hesitate to separate; and the ideal time for this is just after flowering and on through August. Do not permit edging or carpeting plants to crowd into the Iris clumps, or bloom will be poor the following year. The leaves should not be touched until after they have turned brown in autumn; then cut them away, for if left, they retain moisture which tends to rot the roots and make a congenial resting place for slugs. Irises look happiest if planted in longish, natural appearing groups, with a delicate green or open background. I tried German Iris alone, in a stone-edged, stone-walled border; with the result that the poor dears looked like prisoners in a cell. Miss Jekyll, in one of her charming books, suggests a planting of Irises with Lupins, which arrangement should be pleasing enough. I find that by planting English Irises between the earlier- blooming ones, I have a nice succession crop of flowers from the same space. Gladiolus also makes a good “filler.” In one garden I know, Poet’s Narcissus gives early bloom between German Irises, the leaves of which soon cover the ripening Narcissus foliage. Before we pass on to the Apogons or Beardless Irises, | want to mention two other beautiful Pogoniris (Iris bearing a beard on The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 JAPANESE IRIS PROLONGS THE PAGEANT Flowering after the Bearded Group, these natives of the Far East with their flaring, floppy bloom and languid grace of growth invest the July garden with curious interest. Though naturally inclined to moist places, the Japanese Iris will grow elsewhere if thoroughly cultivated. Carpeted with Forget-me-nots and allowed to spring at random in a setting strictly in character, as it were, this Iris is perkaps at its best. the falls): Amas, the exquisite, tall, purple flower, coming from the place of that name in Asia Minor, and the white albicans. For Summer Bloom T IS upon the Beardless Irises (Apogons) we must rely to carry bloom on into the summer. They have more grass- like foliage, and a greater preference for moisture than the others. Our native blue Water Flag, I. versicolor, starts to bloom while the germanicas are at their height; it thrives in marshy places, and does not even object to wet feet over the winter—a rare quality among Irises. [. pseudacorus is another moisture lover, and has a white form which, to my mind, is much lovelier than the deep yellow type. The Siberian Irises, natives of Europe as well as Siberia by the way, are a joy which no garden can afford to miss. The pale blue, George Wallace, is one of the most enchanting flowers I know; and sibirica acuta, a dwarfer one, blue, veined with white, is distinct and lovely. The orientalis forms, Blue King The Japanese Garden of Mr. and Mrs. F. F. Prentiss at “Glenallen,’’ Cleveland, Ohio and Snow Queen, are truly royal in their beauty. The sibiricas and orientalis have abundant and beautiful grass-like foliage; and when well established, are very generous with their flowers. Near a stream or pond they seem most at home, but care should be taken that the crowns are above the water-line. They may be grown as well in a sunny border, but then need to be watered in dry weather. If someone could develop a Spanish Iris (I. Xiphium) which had good, abundant foliage, he would indeed do the gardening world a service. In early spring when the first green appears, the novice is sure that Onions were planted by mistake; but the flowers are so lovely and so useful for cutting that these orchid- like blossoms should not be condemned for their lack of foliage. They are of the easiest possible culture, and I grow them in rows in the picking garden. La Tendresse is a lovely deep cream; Louise, white with lilac shading; Flora, a beautiful white; and Thunderbolt, a most interesting bronzy-brown beauty. Among English Irises (I. xiphioides) the pure white, Mont 242 Blanc, is my favorite; the other varieties | have tried look too splotchy. The foliage of the English Iris, though somewhat better than the Spanish, also has a decidedly oniony look. Another quality they have in common is their lack of increase, and their tendency to die out altogether after a few years. Iris monspur has similar, larger flowers, grows more strongly, and blooms about the same time. The stately I. ochroleuca (spuria) grows some five feet high, has good foliage, and beautiful ivory-white flowers with an orange blotch at the base of the falls. It likes a moist but not wet situation as does the |. longipetala superba (spuria), with her exquisite porcelain blue flowers, the falls of which are ex- ceptionally long and gold-touched at the base. These two Irises adapt themselves most beautifully to waterside planting, but, as with the Siberians, the crowns should be set above the water-line. I. foetidissima or Gladwyn’s Iris has to its credit purple, beardless flowers, bright scarlet seed-pods—most attractive in winter—and evergreen foliage; a by no means scant list of rec- ommendations. For situation it requires a dry, sunny place; and it may well be planted near the house, since it is attractive in winter as well as summer. The Japanese Iris (1. Kaempferi) is a whole subject in itself. If only the names of varieties could be definitely settled, and all growers compelled to use them! Under present conditions, it is best to buy a collection from some reliable grower, being sure that the plants are carefully labeled; or, better still, go to the gar- dens of some nursery and take your own notes of colors and com- binations. My favorite is a large flowered, three petaled white one, delicately suffused with sky blue at the base of the petals. In my first garden, | had a beautiful group of this cloud-and-sky Iris. There is, too, a most lovely pure white variety, with just a touch of gold at the base of the petals; also one with mauve pencilings; in fact, very few of the Japanese Irises are any- thing but lovely. Iris tectorum, the Japanese Roof Iris, is delicate, hard to please, and does not seem to like us very well, but “if you don’t at first succeed, try, try, try again” to coax her to yield her heavenly blue flowers! As a family they like considerable moisture at budding and flowering time, and will repay soakings with larger and finer textured flowers. In some The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 THE SIBIRICAS IN FULL SWAY “The Siberian Irises, natives of Europe as well as Siberia by the way, are a joy no garden can afford to miss” gardens in Japan, a small stream is changed in its course to flood the Iris fields at budding and flowering time. If, however, they are allowed to stand in water through the winter, the re- sult is invariably fatal. The roots increase in an open circle, and when this circle is completely filled, they may be separated, to give additional plants; if not, leave them undisturbed. The last of August, or early September, is the best time for plant- ing or separating, and if it cannot be attended to at this time, should be left until spring, as the winter heaving of newly set plants is often disastrous. It is possible to grow the Japanese Irises without much moisture, if the ground be kept thoroughly cultivated and never allowed to bake into a solid crust. Where and How They Like to Grow LL the Bearded Irises (this includes the pumila, the in- termediate, the germanica, etc.) like a sunny, well-drained situation. Prepare the ground by digging at least 18 inches— and as much deeper as you are willing—add some air-slaked lime and either bonemeal or very well-rotted manure; never fresh manure, which is death-dealing to the rhizomes. The Pogoniris like some moisture during the growing and flowering season, but after that the plants rest and ripen, by sun baking, for the following year’s bloom. Water, other than what the heavens send, should be withheld during this time, unless there happens to be an unusually prolonged drought. Finely ground bonemeal stirred about the plants in the early spring means flowers of increased size. It is pleasant to feel that one’s plants. are properly cared for; but for those who can give little time, it is reassuring to remember that most of the Bearded Group will live through an astonishing amount of neglect, practically naturalizing themselves. The only thing really fatal to them is planting in a wet place. The Apogon or Beardless Irises, to which belong the Siberian, orientalis, versicolor, pseudacorus, and Japanese, do not like lime in the preparation of the bed; well-rotted cow manure, or bonemeal with the addition of some leafmold are the best foods. for this tribe. The Apogons require moisture, and unless planted near a stream or pond, need generous watering, espe- cially at budding time; and the ground should be kept culti- vated. As said before, unless the planting can be done during The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 the summer or early autumn, it had better be deferred until spring. Plant the bulbous Irises in autumn. The Spanish likes a warm, rich soil, but unfortunately disappears after a few years. The English Iris can stand a somewhat colder, wetter soil than the Spanish and seems really happy almost anywhere. The hosts of green worms which sometimesattack the Japanese Iris leaves can be successfully destroyed with one or two spray- ings of arsenate of lead; and green aphis succumbs to an applica- tion of any good nicotine solution. - SOME TYPICAL SELECTIONS BY COLOR [The varieties discussed in the foregoing text are here grouped according to color. They by no means exhaust the list nor do they even lay claim to being the most distinguished of their kind, but were chosen by Mrs. Gaul as represen- tative examples of some popular Irises that have afforded a successful succession of bloom in her own garden.—Eb.] I. BLuE To LAVENDER pumila coerula, sky-blue (very early) Fairy, pale and deep blue (very early) gracilis, lavender and silver-gray (very early) cristata, amethyst-blue (early) pallida, gray-blue to lavender (mid-season) pallida dalmatica, blue-lavender (mid-season) versicolor, blue (late) George Wallace, pale blue (late) sibirica acuta, blue, veined with white (late) Blue King, blue (late) longipetala superba, porcelain blue, gold at base of falls (late) tectorum, heavenly blue (late) I]. LAVENDER To PURPLE reticulata, deep blue-purple (very early) pumila, deep purple (very early) verna, Violet (early) Purple King, purple(mid-season) ANY of the beautiful illustrations that have recently appeared in THE GARDEN MaGazineF lead to the con- v clusion that the editor fully appreciates the value of SAA the Water-lily pond in the home grounds. It would be unfortunate, however, if the conclusion were reached that it is necessary to have extensive grounds in order to have a water garden with all its attendant features. My observation leads me to believe that this mistaken opinion prevails among many amateur gardeners. I have proved in my own garden— containing many varieties of Rose, a perennial border, some good Peonies, an area devoted to vegetables, as well as some shrubs and a lawn—that a suitably sized Water-lily pool adds charm to even a small back yard. Each year I try to add at least one new feature to my garden, which has won a number of trophies in city competition. These features have included a Rose arch, a brick walk, a collection of superior Peonies, two or three dozen fine Lilies, and a water garden. All of these have added charm and value to the home, but by far the most interesting has been the Lily pool, which consists of a cement tank 8 feet long and 5 feet wide. From the time this is filled until it is drained in the autumn and the goldfish and Lilies removed indoors, no feature attracts greater interest. The children on the street almost daily ask permis- sion to come in and see the goldfish. Cultivated Water-lilies are new to many people and the varied beautiful tints of these when in bloom excite the utmost interest and admiration. Ariel eve @ Ol: Mee ee GARIDE N J. B. SPENCER 243 Queen of May, pale mauve (mid-season) Her Majesty, mauve (mid-season) Trantlieb, mauve on white (mid-season) Mme. Pacquette, deep rosy purple (mid-season) squalens, ashen violet (mid-season) Black Prince, dark velvety purple (mid-season) Othello, blue-lavender and deep purple (mid-season) Amas, purple (mid-season) foetidissima, purple (late) III. YELLows Stewart, delicate primrose yellow (very early) Gerda, cream yellow (early) Queen Flavia, primrose yellow (early) flavescens, pale primrose yellow (mid-season) vartegata, yellow and brown-red (mid-season) aurea, deep chrome yellow (mid-season) Maori King, bright yellow and brown-crimson (mid-season) Mme. Neubert, all yellow (mid-season) pseudacorus, deep yellow (late) IV. WHITES The Bride, pure white (very early) Halfdan, cream white (early) Ingeborg, white (early) florentina, gray-white (mid-season) Mrs. H. Darwin, white with lavender veining (mid-season) Donna Maria, white, tinged lavender (mid-season) albicans, pure white (mid-season) pseudacorus alba, white (late) Snow Queen, white (late) La Tendresse, deep cream (late) Loutise, white, lilac shading (late) Flora, white (late) Mont Blanc, pure white (late) ochroleuca, ivory white, orange marking (late) Kaempferi, white, suffused with sky-blue (late) V. VARIOUS susiana, brownish gray with pink cast (early) Mme. Chereau, white, “stitched” with blue-lavender (mid-season) Thunderbolt, bronze-brown (late) HE tank is 22 inches deep and has a drainage pipe 23 inches in diameter. It is never necessary to change the water during the season because the Lilies and Bulrushes grow- ing within it, together with the rays of the sun, keep the water pure. The goldfish control the animal life, including the larvae of the mosquito. The method of constructing the pool is extremely simple. The dimensions decided upon seem to be about right for the garden, which is only 34 feet wide and 60 feet long. The ex- cavation was made 8 inches longer and wider than the finished size, the extra space allowing for a 4-inch cement wall. Care was taken when excavating to keep the sides perpendicular. The soil being of a sandy character, no underdrainage system was necessary. An excavation was made, however, in the bottom, large enough to hold two wheelbarrow loads of stones beneath the floor of the tank. When this space had been filled, a piece of wire fabric used for reinforcing concrete was laid over the stones, and upon that fine wire netting was laid a 2-inch floor of cement concrete. An iron pipe 3 inches in diameter, for drainage, was set into the stones, with the upper end projecting 2 inches so as to be level with the floor of the tank. The perpendicular walls of earth constituted the outside form for the cement. This was first lined with metal lath. Pegs were driven into the earthen walls and to this the lath was stapled. The inner form is shown on following page. This was THE LITTLE POOL COMPLETE Bedecked with Water-lilies and peopled by goldfish; rimmed with Pansies gaily abloom; Cannas, Funkia, Rushes, etc., lending the stateliness of height made 4 inches smaller each way than the excavation and when put in place left a 4-inch space to be filled with the wet concrete. When the cement of the floor had become partly set the form was put in place and the concrete mixture filled in to the level of the ground. A shallow lip was constructed at one end for the birds to drink and bathe. The concrete was the usual sidewalk mixture of one part Portland cement, two parts clean, sharp sand, and four parts clean, broken stone or gravel. As the walls were being constructed a quantity of small stones was filled in, care being taken that these did not go completely through the wall or rest against the inner form. To give a finish to the upper rim of the tank small stones were embedded in the soft cement before setting commenced. To construct the inside form it is necessary to make from inch boards two circles 5 feet in diameter. These are made in halves, one pair for the bottom and the other pair for the top surface of the form. Two of the half circles are laid on the ground 3 feet apart and united by wooden strips. When both surfaces have been thus prepared, they are laid parallel 22 inches apart, corresponding with the depth of the tank. Strips of wood are then nailed on the whole way around, making the form contin- uous on the outside. (See illustration below.) If I were constructing another tank of this form, I would make the circle for the lower edge of the form 2 inches smaller, which would give the sides a slight slope, and that would facilitate removing the form as well as lessening the danger of the tank being damaged by freezing water. To ensure slow hardening of the cement it is necessary to keep it pro- tected from the weather for about one week. One of the accompanying pic- tures shows the cement work finished and the form still in place. By that time the cement be- comes thoroughly hard- ened and the form can be taken out and the tank put into service. After removing the form, it is well to wash the inside of the tank with The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 a thick wash made of pure cement and water. In a few hours put ona second coat; this renders the tank water-tight. The Water-lilies are grown in tubs (see illustration), three corms to each tub.. So luxuriant have these grown during the last two years that the whole of the surface was covered with Lily pads, making it necessary to re- move one of the tubs by mid-summer. An additional water garden was created by dropping this tub into an ordinary barrel of water. It is im- portant to have suitable plants bor- dering the pool. With us these have been changed from year to year, but consist in the main of Japanese Iris, low-growing Cannas, and Plantain Lily. A narrow moon-shaped area on one side is devoted one year to Pansies, another season to Portulaca, and still another to Mignonette. A pail of Bulrushes growing close to the wall next the Iris produces the effect of one plant, gives height in the background and makes a pleasant diversity—any moisture- loving plant with sword-like leaves might be so used. O MY surprise the pond constitutes a fish hatchery, as the first year about eighty young goldfish were taken out in the autumn. Whether from cannibalism or some other cause, the increase since then has not exceeded a dozen young a season. These are readily wintered over to be distributed to boys and girls in the neighborhood who enjoy watching the development and change to the red color that occurs during the second season. I often wonder why more gardeners do not include the pool. It is of comparatively simple construction and requires no weed- ing or cultivation, merely the trouble of turning in the hose for a few minutes about once a week to make up for evaporation and to replace water dipped out in cans for sprinkling individual plants about the garden. To ensure slow hardening of the cement it is necessary to keep it protected from the weather for about one week. Finished cement work shown above with form still in place; tubs for Showing excavation for Water-lilies standing near by pool and wooden form, everything in readiness for beginning the cement work A JAPANESE GARDEN Under a Chicago Sky Robert H. Moulton A NOTABLE example of what can be accomplished in the way of landscape art on a small plot of ground is found in this little garden of Mr. Frederick Bryan which measures only eighty feet square. So perfectly is everything proportioned and so artistically have the various features been laid out by the Japanese landscape architect that the garden seems in fact much larger. The high sur- rounding hedge gives it exclusiveness and, once inside, the visitor feels that he has stumbled into a corner of Japan itself. Formerly a bit of unbroken green lawn, the garden of to-day is channeled by a winding stream and decked with all the variety characteristic of the perfectly Japanese. An ingeniously constructed little lake now teems with higoi (golden carp of the Japanese variety); flowers, shrubs, plants, and trees are Japanese; and across the stream leading from the little lake is a Japanese bridge of quaint design. The teahouse itself, measuring about sixteen feet square, was con- structed by Japanese carpenters without nails. Lanterns are strung under the overhanging eaves, and many metal lanterns adorn differ- ent parts of the garden, while one of the most effective touches of all is a miniature of Fujiyama, the sacred mountain of Japan. sBear sS25 88898 alcdhy A555 ahmbaa Bdddd PRE ‘a Y ‘ nS AE = CTs © iE > IN Ci | & — : @/ a 73 bin al Lath I DO THE GARDENS CLUBS SRKOGNESS: ELLEN P. CUNNINGHAM An Ex-president Forecasting the Future With its Ever Widening Horizon and Increas- ing Cooperation Among Various Groups of Gardeners of Both Sexes YF WE interpret “progress” to mean size and number, — contended that men were not interested in much besides sports, - there must be a unanimous “Yes,” and that is the end it is discovered that this is the new day of garden clubs com- of the subject; for are not garden clubs springing up posed exclusively of men, notably those of Ridgewood, New $ far and wide, appearing already in over twenty states Jersey, and of Ramsey County, Minnesota. In my presi- se nchnane perhaps six thousand members? But isitaques- dential period | heard of only one, the Lenox Garden Club, tion of something more than growth and multiplying? We _ of which the chief executive was not a woman, and rarely were will try to take a few measurements of the movement by view- men members, even as “associates.”” At present many of the ing the clubs that stand in the foreground of to-day down the — clubs welcome them in one form of membership or another. perspective of their past. One member-at-large of the Garden Club of America received How can we tell whether the garden clubs are really progress- a special award at the New York Flower Show in 1921 for his ing or not? Let us first examine what a garden club actually § miniature winter garden arranged entirely of plants native to is, or may become. Is it mostly garden or mostly club? If Connecticut; and at this year’s Show, first honors went to an- horticulture be our chief concern, we think in terms of planting other masculine member-at-large for his miniature model of and cultivating; others, it is whispered, clothe the club in the an Italian garden. This rather proves the pertinence of the regalia of fashion and parade it at afternoon teas. And, by recent remark of a well-known representative of the Short the way, why are these garden groups called “clubs”? If, as Hills Garden Club that men are stimulated by the shows and sometimes, the garden club is often used as a means to a “social” meetings of the garden clubs. end, why were they not named “societies”? Garden clubs What relation has all this to the progress of garden clubs? seem to be of American origin, one of our best “native plants” Naturally the business end of the men’s clubs receives attention, of organization, appearing first in Philadelphia, in 1904. especially in the matter of coOperative buying, which might be Looking backward, as a former president of a large garden more generally adopted. Association with professional men club, to a period only a few years ago, | wonder whether most __ of arts and letters, as in the Washington (Conn.) Club, gives a of us then forming the organizations did not regard our gardens _ broadening outlook. It is too soon to decide very much in essentially as horticultural experiment stations, where we detail just what the ultimate effect of the entrance of men into slaved in all kinds of weather, until too tired to drag one muddy the garden clubs will be, but it will make for general progressive- shoe after another? It was very novel in those days to hear ness if some of the seeds of influence prove true to name. of diversified public activities just beginning in some of the Doesn’t it look as if one of the directions in which the men will clubs. We had seen little of the grafting on to plant material steer progress will be toward the development of a more demo- of “garden designs,”’ “color schemes,” “decorative treatment cratic attitude? For instance in California, the Santa Clara of garden ornaments,” or of “flower arrangement,” in the scien- | County Flower Lovers’ Club, organized only in 1916, has al- tific form of to-day. So nere we find one affirmative answer to _ ready grown to about a thousand members who are endeavoring, our opening question, for the art of gardening has responded ~ under the leadership of their president and founder, to broad- to the call of the clubs to an extent impossible had they not cast inspiration to beautify every home garden in the county. progressed in knowledge and culture. Women are included in the membership, but the president is a When Men Step In ee ‘ ' eae - : Of Mechanics and Committees AVE the clubs, as organizations, progressed in proportion _ to the gardens they represent? Which is now of greater HAT about the mechanism of the garden clubs, do we importance—the garden or the club? One president of a club find that it too has progressed? Certainly there are more frankly stated his belief that “the women with their frills and | Committees—necessary in some cases, especially in the larger fancies have nearly ruined the garden clubs just as they did § groups—but is there not danger, if “a weed is only a flower out the Garden of Eden!” of place,” of having the business of committees “naturalized” This brings us to the fact that though women started the clubs, so successfully that they may crowd out some of the choice the men are serving as presidents of about a tenth of them, in- blooms? A president of a flourishing club is lamenting that cluding some of the most intelligent organizations in the coun- _ their meetings have been deprived of much of the time formerly try such as the Garden Club of New Orleans, with its head- devoted to the enjoyment of the gardens since affiliation with quarters in Tulane University, and the St. Louis Club, which a national organization has brought such multiplicity of affairs is on intimate terms with the Shaw Botanic Gardens. Further, to their attention. Is it progress to lose the joyous spirit of though only two years ago the editor of a popular periodical the garden? After all, is the club for the garden, or the garden 246 The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 for the club? A step on the right path is the custom of holding as many meetings as possible in the garden, as has been done by the Garden Club of Spring Lake, New Jersey, and occasion- ally by other groups. The term “Board of Gardeners,” used by the Garden Club of Michigan, of which Mrs. Francis King was one of the founders, is a reminder in directive management, worth considering more frequently. In the programmes, the interests of the various clubs may be seen reflected “in variety.” Some groups are still plodding along throughout the year with perennials, or some other type of vegetation; but, more and more, other subjects related to gardening are being introduced, from the practical topic of clothing for working, to the last word in the poetry of landscape architecture. Are we becoming less self-conscious of the actual planting because we have in a degree perfected ourselves, so that we are awakening to the harmony of our subject as a whole —just as the musician forgets his fingers after his scales have prepared him for the playing of a masterpiece? If we are sure we have done enough practising of horticultural exercises, then the diversity of the programmes means progress. Is Cooperation Gain or Loss? OW is it with the flower shows? These conspicuous feat- ures of the garden clubs have definitely advanced in classifications for exhibits, and in the quality of material. Moreover, from having been usually private semi-social affairs, the shows have progressed (at least in some places) to the point of admitting the public free; or if an admission is charged, the receipts go to some philanthropy. Still further—the public may even be invited to enter exhibits, as at one of the finest club flower shows, that of Short Hills, New Jersey; or there may be a community competition, as has been arranged by another progressive club, The Bedford, New York. Another signal of pronounced progress is in the increasing spirit of codperation, which is said to require “the highest form of intelligence.’ Thus, in a few sections of the country—in northern New Jersey, and Westchester County, New York— several clubs unite in holding a flower show. In Virginia there 247 is a state federation of a number of clubs which is worthy of imitation elsewhere, in order that common problems of soil, climate, etc., may be more efficiently solved. A woman of national prominence in the affairs of garden clubs said very lately that things point toward greater coOperation with the horticultural societies. This is already begun, noticeably in Massachusetts, California, and New York, at flower shows. Is it a mark of progress, or a lack of interest, however, where, as occasionally occurs, a club has no show of its own? Is it nota mistake to lose the identity of the club in this way? Does co- operating with a horticultural society, valuable as it may be, take the place of the club’s own show? A many-years member of a well-known garden club, when asked what she regarded as the greatest advance made by the garden clubs, replied: “Conservation.” This looking outside one’s own garden and caring for the public good is indeed a long step forward, and the list of civic and other activities is lengthening continually, until the original purpose of a garden club blooms in a new form each year. A woman long in a position to understand the inner life of many of the most ac- tive of the clubs remarked that “the social side is passing.” Would not the loss of a certain personal touch be a backward mover Is it not possible to preserve the broadening view and still maintain an intimate, friendly (not artificially social) ele- ment in the clubs? Each club has a distinct personality, and if the poet spoke truly when he said: “Show me your garden, provided it be your own, and I will tell you what you are like,” may not the sentiment be equally applied to the clubs represent- ing us and our gardens? Does not a vision of the future for garden clubs include a desire to humanize the use of gardens by changing them, at least in part, from mere plantations—no matter how beautiful—to places of rest and inspiration? Surely the garden stimulates social-mindedness and friendly intercourse as nothing else does, and no progress of the gardens or their clubs can be of the highest type if they pass into over much technicality and too imper- sonal existence. Does not the chief charm of a club, like the gar- den where it grew, lie ever in the personal and broadly human? Il. KEEPING STEP WITH SUMMER FANNIE M. CHAPMAN Of the Englewood (N. J.) Garden Club Some Suggestions for the New Club by an Active President HEN we organized in the spring of last year, the im- fy mediate question was not “what shall we do?’’ but FS “which shall we do?” for summer lay just ahead with its numberless, alluring, bewildering possibilities! Our first move was more fundamentally wise than perhaps we, in our infancy as a garden club, altogether realized at the time. The happy inspiration came to invite a competent land- scape architect to frankly criticize our gardens. A very in- teresting and helpful day it was—we put our lunch, and our pride, in our pockets and visited, if | remember aright, twenty- one gardens of members. When, where, and how to plant; how to plan a new or rearrange an old garden—concrete examples and comparisons fully and intelligently discussed by someone who knew, drove home in a vivid and unforgettable way some of the things at least that make the really “good” or “bad” in gardening. We learned (what we amateurs are perhaps too often inclined to overlook) that no amount of luxuriant bloom can ever rectify basically false design, though it may sometimes incline us to forgive it; and that the canons of taste are the same in a garden as elsewhere—beware of clutter and of meaningless planting! Summer Meetings at Home and Afield EET at least every second week during nine months of the year and in pleasant weather let it be always out-of- doors. Mid-morning (eleven o’clock) seems, for obvious rea- sons, the logical hour for summer meetings. Take a box lunch- eon and go to the garden of some member—there is always something delightfully informal in these open air gatherings. Never hesitate to have the club come to your garden because you “have no flowers.” We all go through the apologetic stage, but remember that true garden lovers are not inclined to be over critical, and take your turn! The hostess usually pro- vides a hot or cold drink, but thermos bottles may easily be substituted. After transacting the business of the day, some member pre- sents a paper, or others tell of experiences connected with their garden work. These out-of-door luncheon meetings have proven so friendly that the shyest member comes impatiently to wait her opportunity to be heard. Sometimes our meetings are held in the woods or fields, for every well regulated garden club has a wild-flower section 248 under the leadership of an able chairman; but of this more later. Excursions to various gardens significant for one reason or another were made by motor. A member was appointed to take charge of all transportation for these trips, and to her others with cars reported the number of vacant seats available. It was her duty also to let everyone know the place and hour of meeting, and all were under bond to appear promptly. Again the luncheon box and indispensable thermos bottle were in evidence. Some lovely spot, preferably off the main travelled road, was selected, and an enjoyable and often exceedingly prof- itable hour was spent with always the chance of finding some new wild flower or shrub. We were never refused an application to visit, in a body, any garden, but invariably were received with the utmost cour- tesy by the owner or his representative, and we found the pro- fessional gardener full of valuable knowledge and obligingly will- ing to share his findings with the amateur. Do not limit your trips to the private garden or estate but by all means visit the nurseries in your neighborhood, where there is a surprising amount to be learned and to be enjoyed. Here again the busy professional seems never too busy to answer questions about Roses, Chrysanthemums, Tulips, Dahlias— whatever his hobby and yours may be! If so fortunate as to be within motoring or easy train distance of a botanical garden such as the Arnold Arboretum near Bos- ton, the New York Botanical Garden, or the Shaw Botanic Garden of St. Louis, do not neglect the opportunity to see what is being done there. A group of clubs might even join together in a pilgrimage to one of these big centres of plant life with much the zest of the crusaders of old. You will come back to your own garden with a fresh sense of what it means as a little link in the great chain of green and growing things that loop the round earth, making it habitable and attractive for man. The Rose Test Gardens, too, that have been established in various cities through the efforts of the American Rose Society, hold much of interest for the lover of this historic flower. The National Rose Test Gardens not far from Washington, D. C., are possibly the best known, though similar municipal ones ona somewhat smaller scale flourish at Hartford (Conn.), Minne- apolis (Minn.), and Portland (Oregon). Planning for Your Shows H, THE wonder and joy of your first flower show! When some brave member suggests the desirability of holding a show, the unanimous outcry will be: “We haven’t a thing to exhibit!”’ Yes, you have; you will be surprised to find how really creditable a showing you can achieve with but little, for there may be entries of all classes from a single prize Rose to a French bouquet. One of the most interesting and surprising features is the variety and beauty that may be developed in flower arrangement for the dining room, the living room, or my lady’s boudoir. The necessary data for the methods of giving a flower show can be procured from the Garden Club of America—a national organization ever ready with information even though your club is not yet privileged to membership. Do your spring and fall planting with a view to having some- thing really worth while for these exhibitions. In an incredibly short time your club will be invited to join with others in giving an exhibit. Never refuse! Goin and do your best; through co- operation comes experience and knowledge. Shortly the time The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 will arrive when you bravely invite other clubs to take part in your home flower shows. Preserve all ribbons and prizes with care, for these saat be among your most cherished possessions. If your club be still in its infancy, you have before you a wide field to choose from, and the subject of specialization for the en- suing season should be given earnest thought and much dis- cussion at club meetings. Encourage members to pursue their hobbies wholeheartedly and, if possible, have several members specialize in growing the same flower or flowers. Competition has its uses in the garden as elsewhere and such specialized, com- petitive cultivation means not only better shows but actual gain in knowledge for the individual gardener. Mrs. Stout’s “The Amateur’s Book of the Dahlia,” for example, is a very illuminating record of what may be accomplished by patient and persistent pursuit along definite lines. Garden Clubs and Good Citizenship NE of the very delightful features of a garden club is the “exchange.” Appoint a committee to promote and handle the exchanging of seeds, plants, and bulbs, and let each member be thoughtful enough to register with this committee everything of which she may have a surplus. From this surplus give not only to fellow clubmen but to fellow townsfolk, grad- ually inspiring young and old with a civic pride that will act as a sort of automatic stop-clock on vandalism. A practical way to further city planting is for each member to agree to contribute one tree yearly, consulting your Park Com- missioner (if you have one, and if not, urge the appointment of a genuine plant lover for this office) as to varieties best suited to the particular climate and environment. Enlist the services and interest of the children from the start by allowing them to throw earth about the roots when planting the trees and by constituting them tree wardens. This will stimulate them to resent and prevent vandalism; and civic pride cannot be too early aroused. Make your garden club “Tree Planting Day” so attractive that young and old will consider it a privilege not only to donate trees, but to be present at the planting exercises. A bird sanctuary may appropriately be made the focus of your civic planting, this giving the children of your town a double interest. The sanctuary established at Fairfield, Conn., by Mrs. Mabel Osgood Wright, familiar friend of birds and lover of all things out-of-doors, might well serve as a model. Have a wild-flower day in your schools and offer a prize for the child who brings the greatest number of identified specimens. Also teach the children that the wild plant should no more be broken or uprooted than the Roses or Geraniums in their mother’s garden. Explain the necessity for this precaution— - the preservation of the species and the selfishness of needlessly destroying beauty. Inculcate in their young minds the desira- bility of not molesting roadside flowers and plants because of the pleasure these give to countless passers-by—some children of larger growth who run over the countryside in automobiles might be taught this lesson as well. Whether one lives North, South, East, or West matters not —everywhere there are spirits with kindred tastes. Get to- gether now, organize at once, and you will find summer activities come crowding about you. Upon the joy and spiritual elation that comes to one handling the soil, I do not venture to touch —this is the reward, intimate and exhilarating, of every gar- dener as she watches seed, bulb, or plant her hands have put into the earth, slowly rising heavenward. Epitors’ Note: Frequent appeals for help in forming new Garden Clubs, or with a view to infusing fresh activities into extant organizations, has led us to seek experienced aid from those qualified to speak, and we feel that these two ar- ticles will be of service, One is written from the forward-looking point of view of the pioneer; the other reflects the wis- dom and philosophy of experience. The garden club movement has vindicated itself as a source of enrichment, not only in the individual lives of the active participants, but also as a force for good in the wider life of community and nation, and it seems imperative to ask of this great company of organized gardeners whither it is going, With so many possibilities at hand, little wonder that a diversity of aim is found among even the leaders of the movement—every group of people has its ancestor worshippers and its builders of history. The clubs in general are so very much alive, so continually adding to their numbers and their inter- ests Hist if ONE cannot doubt the foreward-lookingness of the majority of the leaders. y come pleas for help! Club Presidents and Club Members, gifted with a generous past, what can you tell Brierer of your hopes and aspirations for the future? Will you stretch out the hand of fellowship and further point the way? CORALLUMA, A NATIVE OF THE RED SEA REGION This member of the Euphorbiacez resembles a Cactus and has been guided in its development by the action of similar physical conditions Sere LANIS OF THE DESERI—SPINES Dae MAcDOUGAL Director Department of Botanical Research, Carnegie Institution of Washington Interpreting Recent Discoveries Concerning the Whys and Wherefores of the Strange Habits of Some Cactus, Sedums and Other Succulents—The Modern Understanding of What Has Hitherto Been Regarded as Defensive Armature Epitors’ Norte: Formerly Assistant Director of the New York Botanical Garden, Dr. MacDougal came well equipped to his present work of direct- ing botanical research, and the Desert Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution at Tucson, Arizona, affords ample opportunity for direct study of many forms of desert plant life. Some interesting conclusions are presented in this article, the second of a series in which Dr. MacDougal discusses the reactions of plants under varying conditions. pages 305-307 of THE GARDEN MaGaziNe for February. *2UGAR as a substance potent in the evolution of plants “4 is a novel idea, but it is one to which the converging researches of Professor Richards of Barnard College, xascig Dr. Spoehr of the Desert Laboratory, and my own have brought us, and it may now be safely asserted that the differing action of two kinds of sugar is the most important factor con- cerned in the origin and evolutionary development of the Cactus, the Live-for-evers, Sedums, and other succulents, as well as the host of armed and spiny shrubs which live in the drier regions of the world. This newly established conclusion may be best understood by repeating some simple experiments which will illustrate the fundamental qualities of sugars. Drop a cube of common sugar in a glass of water and watch it dissolve slowly at first, then rapidly, especially if you raise the glass and set the water swirling. A lump of salt would be- have in the same way. Now put a large lump of cherry gum or 249 “How Mountain Plants Behave When They Go to the Seaside,” the first of the series, will be found on gum arabic (acacia gum) in another glass, and you will see that it does not break down and crumble as it goes into solution. On the contrary it swells to many times its original size before going into solution which it does with such difficulty that gen- erally a mucilaginous residue remains. These differences of behavior in the presence of water are characteristic of the two types of sugar, for these gums are sugars to the chemist. Behead two carrots and scoop out a cavity as large as a thimble in each one. Fill one with granulated sugar, and the other with finely broken fragments of gum. A day later the white sugar will be seen to have pulled water from the carrot in which it has dissolved and may even overflow. The gum may have become sticky where it touches the moist surfaces, but it has pulled out almost no water from the intact cells. This is in illustration of the fact that white sugar is osmotically active and pulls water from other bodies with a force which is as great as several atmospheres of pressure, and it may also pass 250 The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 atoms of hydrogen and 11 of oxygen may lose hydrogen and oxygen in the form of water when the cells are dried, and the molecule is rearranged as a pentose or 5 carbon sugar, which is further condensed to the pentosans or mucilage which is not at all sweet to the taste. Some pentose and some of its condensation product, the pentosans, are always present in the cell. These substances play an important part in growth. The notable increase which follows desiccation converts so much common sugar to mucilage that the physical qualities of the latter determine the fate and character of the cells and tissues. No matter how much of the ordinary type of sugar might be formed in the cell, it would readily diffuse out through the walls and to other organs of the plant. Not so with the mucilage. When it is formed from the more soluble sugar as a result of drought it must remain in the cell in which it is formed, and while it cannot pull water into this cell with any great force yet it imbibes and holds all of the water that does come into the cell by other causes when the drought is over expanding the cell by its swelling power. This result is the essen- tial feature of a succulent such as the Cactus, enlarged thin-walled cells, dis- tended with mucilage and the imbibed water. (See Coralluma pictured on pre-_ ceding page.) Thus in studying the leaves of a Castilleja which had become succulent, the cells were seen to be three times as long as in other leaves which had not undergone this transformation. The drying out of cells converts com- mon sugars to mucilages, and these sub- stances are traps which imbibe and hold water which may later come into the cells. This is the cause of the succulent, and such action may occur in the individual plant ordinarily thin-leaved. It has | PART OF A SAHUARO FOREST NEAR TUCSON, ARIZONA Including several trees of Carnegia gigantea, a massive succulent which stores up literally tons of water in its great club-like trunks through the walls and membranes of cells. The gum is so weakly osmotic that its pull is difficult to measure and it does not pass the walls of a cell. If the sugar we sprinkle on our strawberries were changed into gum, we would become quickly aware of the change. Such an alteration does take place in the plant which lives in places of extreme drought and this change is responsible for the di- SKELETON OF SAHUARO rection in which many groups of plants have de- (CARNEGIA) veloped. Despite the fact that the main stem is dead, the Sahuaro stores up such large OW turn to the cells of the green plant which eserves of food and water het she sne are actively engaged in processes starting in prolong its solitary existence for the space the leaf and resulting in the formation of sweet of a year or two, even forming flowers sugars. These sugars slowly diffuse through stems Zn! Oca and branches, undergoing conversion into starches in some organs or tissues, being acted upon by ferments in other places, but in no place exerting any discernible effect upon the general size or character of the cells or tissues. If the cane sugar or glucose which found its way into a cell or a mass of growing cells should be abruptly changed into a gum with the implied alterations in physical action, it may be readily seen that the cells which are loaded with the mucilaginous material would act in a manner different from that which would be shown if they held only common sugar. tei iter cu aeleleiile ae Such a change does occur when a mass of cells loses water beyond a certain propor- * ©2"MY Prospector tales advantage or eacym : : . opportunity and, after beheading the plant, squeezes tion. The sweet hexose sugars which have 6 or multiples of 6 atoms of carbon, 12 the juice from its white inner pulp to quench his thirst THE BARREL CACTUS (ECHINOCACTUS) The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 become converted into a programme of existence for the Cactus and other plants which live in places with alternating periods of drought and rainfall, collecting water from the moist soil during the wet season and using it up during the dry sea- sons, and some of the more massive plants like the great Echinocactus of the Southwest and of Mexico store up a supply which would enable them to grow for two or three years and to survive several more if no additional supply were received. Animals and man have learned to make use of the watery liquid in the soft flesh of some of these plants, as may be seen in photograph on opposite page showing a prospector drinking the sap of the Barrel Cactus of Arizona. Some of the massive succulents like the great Sahuaro (Carnegiea gigantea) form massive trunks in which tons of water may be stored (shown on opposite page). A plant with such a large re- serve of food and water as the Sahuaro may be expected to do some unusual things. Of these none is more interesting than that pictured opposite, in which the main stem of the plant being dead, the skin and pulp have rotted away and the dried skeleton supports a green turgid living branch which may survive for a year or two and form flowers and mature fruit. UT we are not through with the story of the sugars and the part they may play in the development of desert plants. So far attention has been paid only to plants which form swollen stems, roots or leaves. Most of these plants have greatly restricted leaf surfaces, and their branches are restricted or done away with en- tirely. This restriction of the development of the branches makes for the spinose type of shrubs and plants of the desert, and when we seek the means and methods by which restric- tion is brought about we again find some perti- nent changes in the sugars, particularly in the mucilages or pentosans which result from the action of drought on 6-carbon sugars. Some of the hexose sugar is more or less constantly passing into mucilages which are an important component of the living matter, and at the same time a much larger proportion is being converted into cell-walls as cellulose or wood, a change which also consists chiefly in the abstraction of water from the molecules of sugar. The anhydride in this case has only a limited ca- pacity for absorbing water and swells but little. Under the influence of aridity the plant makes fewer cells but builds additional material into the walls, making stubby and spiny branches, cylindrical leaves and other organs with restricted surfaces which are so characteristic of the desert. Some of this reaction may be seen when almost any plant is grown in a dry place with insufficient water. The spinose plants have adopted it as a racial or species programme long ago. The Cactus represent in many ways the extreme or highest stage of development of vegetation away from the ancient species which inhabited primeval swamps and water courses. They have the capacity for converting some of their 6-carbon sugars into mucilages which fill huge cells in their monstrous bodies, and at the same time another stream of sugar may be imagined as diverted to the formation of cellulose in walls of external cells and in the construction of their formidable spines. The reader who has given some thought to the armature of plants may feel some disappointment that the view that spines have been developed as protective devices is not given more weight in this discussion. Spines and thorns can be in- creased, lessened, or inhibited by controlling the water supply and humidity in some plants, and they are formed by the con- version of sugars in the manner described. 251 That spines and thorns do form a partial protection to a plant is undeniable. It must be remembered, however, that while the plant is following its own evolution, dozens of animals are likewise developing effectiveness in getting past the offen- sive features and defenses of the plant so that no plant, no matter to what length it has gone, is altogether free from the ravages of animals. That the continuance of these ravages causes the plant to arm itself still more is not supported by an atom of proof. It is not even clear that the best armed Cactus e 3 SPINELESS PRICKLY PEAR Common on the cattle ranges of southern Arizona, the Spineless Prickly Pear (Opuntia santa rita) is being increasingly developed and has distinct possible value as an emergency supply for stock on the ranges during a season of restricted rainfall survive, as there are a score of spineless Opuntias known in Mexico and three live in the vicinity of the Desert Laboratory (See photograph above). ae possibilities of additional food-supplies in plants which contained large proportions of mucilages or derivatives of the 5-carbon sugars attracted serious attention during the Great War. Although many species of seaweed which are high in such substances are consumed in great quantities, especially by the Japanese people, it has not been demonstrated that they are digested to any important extent. The value of all of these plants lies in other components. The slab-like joints of some prickly pears are peeled, sliced, and cooked in fat by the Indians of southern Mexico, but it is not known that any food values are realized beyond those of the minute quantities of the sweet sug- ars present. The mucilages or derivatives of these sugars are so far as known but little changed by the digestive ferments of man. That much use is made of them by cattle and horses seems fairly well established, and the effort which has been made dur- ing recent years to develop Opuntias, some of which are spine- less, has been well warranted by their possible value as a reserve or emergency supply for the stock on the ranges during a season of restricted rainfall. Much has been written as to processes by which wood could be converted into alcohol and food. The mucilages or gums, derivatives of the 5-carbon sugars, univer- sally present in plants, very abundant in many species, constitute a much more promising subject for industrial research. JUNE IN A SEASHORE GARDEN * Photographs by Mary H. Northend The fresh, bright color of the June garden rekindles new delight every season and is for many the high-water mark of the gardening year with the unstinted loveliness of Peony and Iris supplemented by the light grace of Lupins and a multitude of minor servitors who faithfully reappear summer after summer. Formal in concept, its prim beauty shielded from encroaching rock and wood- land by high vineclad walls, the garden of Dr. J. H. Lancashire at Manchester, Mass., reflects nothing of the tumultuous disorder of the not far distant sea. Man is ever prone thus to build himself some sort of sheltered paradise and sit secure within defying fate, as it were 252 1. A standard divi- 2. After one year’s growth of a properly planted division sion. The line shows depth to plant 3. Double standard division group with base of flower stalk showing in centre 4. A two-year group that has flowered. The withering old flower stalk is shown THE. GROWING WAYS OF BEAR DEI Mika iv, (Ca ANIRUNIYC University of Minnesota Success and Satisfaction from Understanding Methods of Development—Why Deep Planting Prevents Flowering—Better Business Relationships Between Buyer and Seller S@SIDE from flowering time when, of course, the bloom y on slender stalks focuses attention upon itself, the leaves of the Iris are conspicuously interesting as a . they grow in the garden. These leaves are attached at their bases to much thickened portions which vary some- what in shape according to the variety, but are usually elon- gated. ; This thickened portion growing partly above and partly below the ground is a modified stem correctly called a rootstock or rhizome. Besides being a means of spreading the plant in an ever widening circle, these rhizomes are food storehouses like the tuber of the common Potato though differing in that they bear true leaves while tubers bear only rudimentary leaves, called scales, with buds in their axils. Under ordinary circum- stances, the Iris rhizome persists for more than a year while the corm or solid bulb of such plants as Cyclamen, Gladiolus, or Crocus is used up annually. From the portion below the surface of the ground (as indicated by the line in the accompanying photograph) true roots grow outward and downward branching as they go. A true bulb, as in Lilies and Hyacinths, consists of a solid stem with the main parts made up of thickened leaves and has little resemblance to the rhizome of the Iris. The Natural Position of the Rhizome PPROXIMATELY the same position in the soil and on its surface as ducks take on the surface of the water, is the natural one for the Iris rhizome. In this position, exposed to the sun which toughens their outer portions, the rhizomes proba- bly withstand disease better than when entirely covered with earth. , If, when setting out, the upper surface of the Iris rhizome is left about level with the surface of the compacted soil, it will be in about the right position when the soil has settled thor- oughly. If set much deeper and anchored there by true roots, then the main efforts of the plant are perforce directed toward regaining its proper position and, while doing this, it cannot produce bloom and is said by its owner to be “sulking.”’ Rhizomes become anchored securely in the position in the soil where they are planted and cannot change that position except as they send out branches from the eyes which carry the new parts of the plants up to the surface. The food ma- 254 terial of the too deeply planted rhizome is spent in elongating the branches in order that the plant may grow up to a natural position. Plants shown in Figs. 7 and 10 are the same age as those shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and their much smaller size and less vigorous growth is due entirely to the fact that the rhizomes from which they grew were planted too deeply. This is shown plainly at A in Fig. 5 where, from the rhizome underneath the soil, branches pushed upward, and at the surface of the soil the new true root systems have developed. At B can be seen, rather indistinctly, a young rhizome which is too far beneath the sur- face of the soil and must spend time and energy growing up through the soil to the position reached by the other two. After it has spent most of the growing season reaching the na- tural position, little time will be left for it to become established and make a vigorous growth. It also will be a weakling like the other two. Even where the rhizome is in fairly good position some branches may be too deep beneath the surface. Two Views of the Cycle of Development HE cycle of development in the Bearded Irises may be either (1) where the plants are not divided for several years after they are set in place resulting in the natural increase besides the production of flowers, or (2) all of the energies of the plants directed toward increase in number by vegetative growth and the production of flowers prevented. The first method may be called the natural cycle and the second the interrupted cycle. The rate of growth under either method depends upon the varieties and the tillage methods, as well as the productivity of the soil and the water supply. Under otherwise equal condi- tions such varieties as Monsignor (plants of which variety were the subjects for all the Figures shown in this article) Quaker Lady, Rhein Nixe, Prosper Laugier, Alcazar and many other vigorous growing varieties will make the growth indicated be- low. Edouard Michel, Black Prince, and a few other desirable varieties are much slower of increase. Tue Natura Cycre. Starting with a division of full size for the variety in July or August, 1919, as shown in Fig, 1, un- der favorable growing conditions, this developed by the latter part of September of the same year into a one-year group shown The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 6. A three-year group (incomplete). To the right of A there is seen in- distinctly a weak young branch suppressed by being too deep in the soil (Right) 5. The parent rhizome A was deeply planted and the two branches had to struggle to get the daughter plants to the surface. Hence the elongated growth. There is another buried plant at B in Fig. 2. This group is composed of the mother plant and four daughter plants of various sizes. Unless standard divisions such as are represented in Fig. 1 develop to the stage indicated by the plant shown in Fig. 2 during the summer and autumn months, no flowers can be expected the following May and June. Under favorable conditions of growth, the one-year group of the autumn of 1919 and the spring of 1920 developed by June into the double standard division group shown in Fig. 3. It will be noted that the small daughter plants shown at the sides in Fig. 2 have, as shown in Fig. 3, developed into standard divisions of the same size as shown in Fig 1. This develop- ment took place in just one year and resulted in two standard divisions from one. The leaves of the parent plant shown in the one-year group have given way to the flowering stem still attached to the parent rhizome. Left undisturbed, this double stan- dard division group of June, 1920, 8. What the dealer calls a “‘small division” used in propagating a novelty or rare vari- ety. A perfectly good developed by late September into one below. On the the sturdy two-year group shown _ tight ©) aac small in Fig. 4. The large, plump rhizome shown in Fig. 3 had by autumn become largely absorbed by the two daughter groups. The flowering stalk is withered and ready to fall away. This group, it will be noted, is made up of two one-year groups such as are shown in Fig. 2 held together by the parent rhizome. By June of 1921, each of the two one-year groups, making up the two- year group, developed into a double standard division group (as shown in Fig. 3) still connected by the grand- parent rhizome. The group shown in Fig. 6 is not entirely complete, but from it can be secured an accurate conception of what a three-year group looked like in the autumn of 1921. One HOW DEEP PLANTING INJURES 255 two-year group, in this instance made up of three one-year groups, is attached to the grandparent rhizome indicated at the letter A. If another two-year group had been at- tached to the grand- parent rhizome at the right, this would have been a complete three- year group. The three- year group is double the size of a two-year group and four times the size of a one-year group. From the appearance of the half of the three- year group as shown in Fig. 6, it is clear that the complete group would form a more or less complete circle around the grandparent rhizome. The grandparent rhizome is finally completely absorbed, or it decays, leaving a vacant space in the circle. As the parent rhizomes become grand- parents and great grandparents they too disappear; and since the new growth is always outward there results a slowly but ever increasing circle, provided space is available to continue expansion in this way. Only from the groups which have reached the stage of devel- - opment in the autumn of 1921 as shown in Figs. 2, 4, and 6 can bloom be expected in 1922. The plant shown in Fig. 2 may be expected to produce one flowering stalk; that in Fig 4, two flowering stalks; and that shown in Fig. 6, three flowering stalks. 7. Compare the plant below with Fig. 1. They are the same age; but this was planted too deep Tue INTERRUPTED CycLe. The chief aim in following out this method is to secure as rapid increase in the number of plants as possible. Very productive soil and adequate water supply are necessary. GOOD AND POOR DIVISIONS 11. Here is a strong one-year group that has had opportunity to develop daughter plants in profusion. It was not planted deeply. Remember that an Iris should sit in the soil like a duck on the water 1o. This plant (above) is same age as one shown at Fig. 2, but shows delayed development from deep planting 256 Few flower buds are produced, due to the method of handling the stock; and the few which appear are removed as soon as seen. The young plants growing in one-year groups, as shown in Fig. 2, were allowed to start a vigorous growth of leaves and roots in the spring of 1921. The two largest ones were then removed. A longer time might have been given so that the two smaller ones could have reached the desired size also. How- ever, the sooner in spring the young plants which have reached sufficient size can be removed and set out where desired and cared for in proper manner, the better the growth made during the season. To remove these plantlets, a sharp, thin knife is employed, using care that a sufficiently large portion of the parent rhizome having a good number of vigorous roots goes with each. One of these small divisions properly removed from the parent plant and ready for setting out is shown in Fig. 8. The freshly cut surface of both the young plant and the parent may be dusted with a mixture of hydrated lime and flowers of sulphur if rhizome rot is prevalent. One young plant is always left at- tached to the parent rhizome unless other still younger ones The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 can be seen coming on. If this is not done and no new branches start, the parent rhizome is useless since it has no new grow- ing point. : Be careful in setting out these small divisions that the roots and the portions of the rhizomes are not planted deeper than one to one and one-half inches below the surface of the com- pacted soil. Set at this depth, the rhizomes as they develop to full size will be in about the natural position. Small divisions of vigorous varieties removed during the lat- ter part of April and the first part of May will usually reach the size of standard divisions (Fig. 1) by August; and by October, the one-year group size (as shown in Fig. 2). Set 5 to 6 inches apart in rows eighteen to twenty-four inches apart, under favor- able conditions of soil and moisture, they often reach by October the development shown by the plant in Fig. 11, made up of one large rhizome and eight vigorous branches, which may the follow- ing spring be again divided. In addition there are a number of still smaller branches. This plant, which is by no means an exception, showed an elevenfold increase in a six-month grow- ing period. HEIGHT SoIL Geranium Mme. Salleroi | Variegated, green and white May and June Average garden Alternanthera brilliantissima | Variegated, green and brown May to frost 8-10 in. | Rich Alternanthera | versicolor Variegated, pink, green and brown | May to frost 8-10 in. | Rich Begonia semperflorens | Pink March inside, May out 12-15 in. | Moderately moist leaf mold Caladium esculentum Brown May and June 3-4 ft. | Warm, rich, moist Achyranthes Lindeni Dark red May to frost 18-24 in. | Moist and rich Achyranthes aureo-reticulata| Greenish yellow May to frost 18-24 in. | Moist and rich Coleus Golden Bedder | Greenish yellow March inside, May out 1-3 ft. | Rich Coleus Brilliancy Variegated March inside, May out 1-3 ft. | Rich CROP FACTS FOR READY REFERENCE —Phosphoric acid sets blooms and makes seeds and seed- pods form abundantly. —In a mixture, basic slag or any manure containing free lime must not be used with sulphate of ammonia. —By mixing superphosphate or dissolved bones with basic slag or bone flour, the soluble phosphate will become partly insoluble. —There is a call for potash in the soil when the Onions seem soggy, the Tomato vines lack sturdiness of stalk, or the trees are not thrifty. —Vegetables that store up large amounts of sugar or starch, either in root or top, as for instance Potatoes, require plenty of potash. —There must be plenty of potash for Potatoes or Onions, and phosphoric acid for good crops of grain, or Melons, Peaches, Strawberries, and Tomatoes. —Sweet Corn, and such vegetables that have considerable foliage, and produce much seed stored in starch and sugar, call for a complete high-grade fertilizer. —For the production of large quantities of seed, and but little foliage, phosphorous must be largely used. The Tomato is an example in this class. —The soil is. rich in nitrogen when there is a profusion of wild growth on the farm, and when Tomato and Melon vines run to leaf. —Large amounts of nitrogen are needed for such plants as Cabbages, Collards, Lettuce, Spinach, etc., grown for their foliage. —s a PART OF A FORMAL GARDEN FROM A WALL PAINTING AT HERCULANEUM Peer Omar HISTORY OF THE GARDEN—IV H. H. MANCHESTER Iris in the Gardens of Ancient Greece—Establishing Parks and Private Patios in the Heart of Athens Two Thousand Years Ago—Lilies White and Roses Red Aflower in the Early Days of the Eternal City IN ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME N spite of the Greek love for beauty, the ornamental 439), garden was much less developed in ancient Greece than Za it was in Egypt or Babylonia. There are, however, a lS number of evidences that it was not entirely lacking among either the Asiatic or European Greeks. The earliest Greek record of importance concerning the gar- den is the description in the Odyssey of the garden of Alcinous, king of Phaeacia, on the shore of which Odysseus was tossed up by the sea. This was essentially a fruit orchard, as may be ‘seen from the lines: “ Without the hall there was a large garden, near the gates, of four acres, around which a hedge was ex- tended on both sides. And there tall flourishing trees grew, Pears, and Pomegranates, and Apple-trees producing beautiful fruit, and Sweet Figs, and flourishing Olives.” The most remarkable characteristic of the orchard was the unbroken succession of crops from the trees, for Homer de- clares: “Of these the fruit never fails, nor does it diminish in winter or summer, bearing throughout the whole year; but the ‘west wind ever blowing makes some bud forth, and ripens others. Pear grows old after pear, apple after apple, grape also after Srape, and fig after fig. There a fruitful vineyard was planted: one part of this, exposed to the sun in a wide place, is dried by the sun; some (grapes) they are gathering and others they are treading; while further on are unripe grapes, having thrown off the flower, and others slightly changing color.” Observe also that even at that archaic period, nearly three thousand years ago, the palace and garden had a watering system: “And there are all kinds of beds laid out in order to the furthest part of the ground, flourishing throughout the whole year: and in it are two fountains, one is distributed through the whole garden, but the other on the other side goes under the threshold of the hall to the lofty house, whence the citizens are wont to draw water.” The flowers most highly considered at that period are re- vealed in the Homeric “Ode to Demeter,’ where Proserpine tells her mother how she was seized by Pluto: “We were all at play and were plucking the pleasant flowers with our hands—the beauteous Crocus, and the Iris, and Hyacinth, and the Rose-buds, and the Lilies, a marvel to behold, and the Narcissus, which, like the Crocus, the whole earth produces. | was plucking them with joy, when the earth yawned beneath and out leaped the strong king, the receiver of all, and went bearing me beneath the earth in his golden chariot.” The queen of flowers in ancient Greek times was no doubt thought to be the Rose. A hymn ascribed to Sappho, who wrote some 2500 years ago, declares: 257 “Tf on Creation’s morn, the King of Heaven To shrubs and flowers a sovereign lord had given, O beauteous Rose, he had anointed thee Of shrubs and flowers the sovereign lord to be. The spotless emblem of unsullied truth, The smile of beauty and the glow of youth; The garden’s pride, the grace of vernal bowers, The blush of meadows and the eyes of flowers.” Anacreon (a Greek lyric poet of the fifth century B. C.) also proclaimed: “Rose! thou art the sweetest flower That ever drank the amber shower. Rose! thou art the fondest child Of dimpled spring, the wood-nymph wild! Ev’n the gods, who walk the sky, Are amorous of thy scented sigh.” It was not until after the Persian invasion that there were any public gardens or parks in Athens, for Plutarch says that it was the celebrated Athenian commander Cimon (died 449 B. C.) who first “set the market place with Plane-trees: and the acad- emy, which was previously a bare, dry, and dirty spot, he con- verted into a well watered grove, with shade alleys to walk in, and open courses for races.” Cimon also pulled down all the enclosures of his own gardens and grounds, that strangers and his needy fellow citizens might gather the fruits. Many of the groves of Greece and even single trees were consecrated to some god or goddess. In this case they were frequently hung with offerings by those who wished to propi- tiate the Deity. Plato has Socrates describe such a grove as follows: “By Juno, a beautiful retreat. For this Plane-tree is very wide-spreading and lofty, and the height and shadiness of this Agnus-castus are very beautiful, and as it is now at the perfection of its flowering, it makes the spot as fragrant as possible. Moreover, a most agreeable fountain flows under the Plane-tree, of very cold water, to judge from its effect on the foot. It appears from these images and statues to be sacred to certain nymphs and to Achelous. Observe again the freshness of the spot, how charming and very delightful it is, and how summer-like and shrill it sounds from the choir of grasshoppers. But the most delightful of all is the grass, which with its gentle slope is naturally adapted to give an easy support to the head as one reclines.” Since many of the Greek festivals and games required gar- lands and wreaths, they encouraged the cultivation of the foliage and flowers employed for the purpose. Thus we read of the gardens of Adonis, which were sometimes merely flower- 258 The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 GARDEN FROM A WALL PAINTING IN THE VILLA OF LIVIA NEAR ROME pots in which the flowers for his celebration were produced in the home. The Laurel was particularly used for crowns of victory, and was almost consecrated to this purpose. Greek knowledge of both plants and animals was tremen- dously enlarged through the conquests of Alexander. He invited Aristotle, who had been his tutor, to go with him, and assigned the philosopher a force of men to aid in collecting specimens of the Asiatic fauna and flora unknown to the Greeks. These Aristotle described in works which marked a great step in botany, but arenow lost. The pleasures of walking and talking in a grove or garden were highly appreciated by the later Greek philosophers, called, from this habit of walking about while dis- cussing, the Peripatetic School. Pliny the Elder went so far as to declare that Epicurus es- tablished the first pleasure garden in Athens: “Epicurus, that connoisseur in the enjoyment of a life of ease, was the first to lay out a garden in Athens; up to his time it had never been thought of to dwell in the country in the middle of the town.” Theophrastus (372-288 B. C.), who was a pupil of both Plato and Aristotle, and continued Aristotle’s work in botany by writing nine books on “Researches About Plants” and six on the “Principles of Vegetable Life’ which reveal him as a thorough and acute inquirer, had a philosophic garden where he was attended by many of his disciples. In his will he left this garden in perpetuity for this purpose: “As to my garden, the walk, and the house adjacent to the garden, | give them for- ever to those of my friends mentioned below, who desire to de- vote themselves in common to study and philosophy therein, for everyone cannot always travel: provided that they shall not be able to alienate this property; it shall not belong to any of them individually; but they shall own it in common as a sacred possession, and shall enjoy it peaceably and amicably as is just and Tittmes => sees MONG the ancient Romans the garden filled a much more important place than in Athens. As early as the First Century B. C., Marcus Porcius Cato, the sternest of Roman censors, advised the establishment of ornamental gardens: “Near the city you will have gardens in all styles—every kind of ornamental trees, bulbs from Megara, Myrtle on palisades, both white and black, a Delphic and Cyp- rian Laurel, the forest kind; hairless Nuts, and Filberts from Praeneste and Greece. A city garden, especially of one who has no other, ought to be planted and ornamented with all possible care.” The construction of the Roman house, with an inner court open to the sky, allowed the use of this space as a small orna- mental garden in which were planted flowers and vines. This arrangement had great influence on the later development of the small garden, as it was adopted in the mediaeval churches. and chateaux. The first to construct elaborate park-like gardens in Italy was Lucullus (110-57 B. C.). In his campaigns in the East, he had become enamored with the splendor of the Asiatic hang- ing gardens and paradises, and after his return constructed his famous gardens at Naples, “lavishly bestowing all the wealth and treasure which he got in the war upon them,” ac- cording to Plutarch, “insomuch that even now, with all the advance of luxury, the Lucullean gardens are counted the no- blest the emperor has. Tubero the stoic, when he saw his build- ings at Naples, where he suspended the hills upon vast tunnels, brought in the sea for moats and fish ponds around his house, and built pleasure-houses in the waters, called him Xerxes in asOwnltay se te ea Among the spoil which Lucullus had brought from the East were wonderful statues which he used to embellish his gardens. The many architectural features of his garden had much in- fluence on subsequent Roman parks, and in fact upon the Italian gardens of the Renaissance. He is also credited with having first brought the Cherry into Italy. The pruning of Box into the form of animals and other highly artificial shapes seems to have been first introduced into Italy by a certain Marius, who was a friend of Caesar and a favorite of Augustus. Pliny the Elder, the old Roman encyclopedist, briefly de- scribed the flowers which he considered most important. He recognized twelve varieties of Roses, of which the prevailing color was red. The common Lily at the time was white, but The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 the seeds or bulbs were sometimes stained by dark wine in the attempt to produce a purple flower. The purple Violet grew wild, while the yellow was mostly cultivated. Other flowers which he mentions are Narcissus, Phlox, Anemone, Gladiolus, Ama- ranth, Hyacinth, Iris, Lavender, Daisy, Crocus, and Bluebell. The principal fruit trees were the Olive, Quince, Peach, Plum, Pomegranate, Apple, Pear, Fig, and Mulberry. The palace of Livia, near Rome, has four important wall paintings which are arranged around a hall in such a way as to imitate views into gardens. Here we see the use of a low bal- ustrade, fountains, and even bird-cages. Among the trees represented are the Oak, Pomegranate, Quince, Cypress, and Laurel. The flowers included probably Violets, Roses, Camo- miles, and Iris. The profusion of trees and flowers pictured proves that the Roman garden was in some parts at least highly luxuriant, and not at all confined to a strictly formal symmetry. Other important illustrations of the Roman formal garden appear in the wall paintings of Pompeii and Herculaneum. In one case the walls of a small court garden are painted with landscapes as if to magnify the view. A very essential Italian tree was the Plane, the magnificent shade of which was so greatly appreciated by Roman connois- seurs that they watered the tree with wine. The most complete description of an ancient Roman garden is in a letter of Pliny the Younger, in the first part of the second century A. D., who writes about his garden as follows: “Tt is set around with Plane-trees covered with Ivy, so that, while their tops flourish with their own green, toward the roots verdure is borrowed from the Ivy that twines around the trunk and branches, spreads from tree to tree, and connects them to- gether. Between each two Plane-trees are planted Box-trees, and behind these stands a grove of Laurels which blend their shade with that of the Planes. This straight boundary to the hippodrome alters its shape at the farthest end, bending into a semi-circle, which is planted round, shut in with Cypresses, and casts a deeper and gloomier shade, while the inner circular 259 walks (for there are several) enjoying an open exposure, are filled with plenty of Roses, and correct, by a very pleasant con- trast, the coolness of the shade with the warmth of the sun.” The artificial pruning of Box was here carried to the limit: “Having passed through these several winding alleys, you enter a straight walk, which breaks out into a variety of others, partitioned off by Box-row hedges. In one place you have a little meadow, in another the Box is cut in a thousand different forms, sometimes into letters, expressing the master’s name, sometimes the artificer’s, whilst here and there rise little obe- lisks with fruit trees alternately intermixed, and then on a sudden, in the midst of this elegant regularity, you are sur- prised with an imitation of the negligent beauties of rural nature. In the centre of this lies a spot adorned with a knot of dwarf Plane-trees. Beyond there stands an Acacia, smooth and bending in places, then again various other shapes and names.” The architectural features of the garden, which had great influence in the Renaissance, were described by Pliny as fol- lows: “At the upper end is an alcove of white marble, shaded with vines, and supported by four small Carystian columns. From this semicircular couch, the water, gushing up through several little pipes, as though pressed out by the weight of the persons who recline themselves upon it, falls into a stone cis- tern underneath, whence it is received into a fine polished marble basin, so skilfully contrived that it is always full with- out ever overflowing. When | sup here, this basin serves as a table, the larger sort of dishes being placed around the margin, while the smaller ones swim about in the form of vessels and water-fowl. Opposite this is a fountain which is incessantly emptying and filling, for the water which it throws up to a great height, falling back again into it, is by means of consecu- tive apertures returned as fast as it is received. Facing the above (and reflecting upon it as great an ornament as it borrows from it) stands a summer-house of exquisite marble, the doors of which project and open into a green enclosure, while from its upper and lower windows the eye falls upon a variety of dif- ferent greens.” In the four articles which have comprised this Pictorial History of Gardening in Ancient Times Mr. Manchester has contributed a fascinating and instructive story, which has met the approval of bibliographers and other students. A similar survey of the Garden in Mediaeval Times will follow shortly. E eo ee d 4 se c VIEW OF A VILLA AND PLEASURE GARDEN FROM A WALL PAINTING AT POMPEII WN Any qi y FH “4 Ke MAK Y i CS () D / ANS IN aE | : Me iy ARO eH Hi wy) va j IA | oie a Ss © 70h Me Vr AK AaB IAA Se: << —— SSS = eee . ( *OME in! A greeting waits you at my gate. © Was - \.u Come in! My windows smile a welcome—come! NGA) Mi Each framed in ivy, with gerantums pink; - ss Wy . My pathway’s lined with ancient close-clipped box __. And at my doorway stand two sturdy firs. __ Within my house are spacious, pleasant halls; . Rooms that dre lived in, such asfriendsenjoy. - Comein! Thisistheindoorofmy home ~ = = S XK ESS -(/ OME out! My garden is my love, my ever dear delight; — Hs! \_4 | long to share its charm and beauty with true friends, _ ae<".| But hide it from the dust and turmoil of the town, |) And build a wall to keep the prying out... » Uheredol goandtake my ease, cq Listen enchanted to the droning | | Or watch the flight of humm - Excursioning amid my garden j _Here roses live, abandoning all fo And larkspur, hollyhocks and vin A wondrous spreading elm beneat My friends and | drink tea—= Come out! This is the outdoor of my he ] vusTice > | SIMIWINS. EE ME PIVERRANEAN IRISES- S SPIGEMAN BERRY Suggesting a New Popular Name Descriptive of a Group of Winter-flowering Beardless Irises that Brighten the California Garden with Continuous Bloom During Two Thirds of the Year, but Pre- sent an Elusive Cultural Problem in the East SZ HERE the climatic conditions are sufficiently benign WW ? (as with us on the Pacific Coast) one of the most de- | lightful features of the midwinter garden is a clump or nee border of some of the Beardless Irises belonging to the group of Iris unguicularis, a North African species (fre- quently noticed in the trade literature, however, contrary to all weight of authority, under the name I. stylosa). The group includes a considerable number of species or races, which, though reasonably diverse, still possess so much in com- mon, including the peculiarity of being practically stemless except for the greatly elongated perianth tube, that even the casual observer rarely hesitates to class them with one another and apart from other Irises. As they appear to possess, never- theless, neither a common name in English nor a name in com- mon, I would suggest the term “Mediterranean Irises’”’ as a convenient and not inappropriate one for the group. For it is chiefly in the countries neighboring upon the Mediterranean Sea that the various species are endemic, and it is of this general region that the group as a whole seems most characteristic. Since we are already afflicted with “German” Irises which are not in any sense German, and “English” Irises which are Eng- lish only by adoption, it may be something of a relief to have a name proposed which is not entirely misleading in its geograph- ical implications. Perhaps the Iris of this group most commonly found in our gardens is the dainty, but somewhat variable, unguicularis, the type form of which is said to be a native of Algeria. This is recorded as a favorite garden Iris in Italy; and more especially in the south of France; or sometimes, in sheltered situations, as far northas England. In this country it is not so well known. Even here in California, despite the fact that it has received extensive publicity the last few years from Mrs. Dean—whose encomiums, I may add, are in no way exaggerated—t is still all too rarely seen. It does not seem too much to say that, all things considered, it fills such a niche of its own that no garden in any fairly mild region should be without it any more than it should be without the ubiquitous but always treasured Vio- lets and Roses. Severe temperature changes it probably could not stand, though far from tropical in its requirements. All through the exceptional snowfall experienced here in Redlands, California, on Thanksgiving Day, 1919, a long border of one of the mar- ginata forms of unguicularis continued to push up its fresh, spring-suggestive blooms with scarcely perceptible slackening, while the sharpest frosts seem likewise to injure it little and ordinary ones not at all, though the leaves now and then are frozen to a crisp. Nor have I found it particularly fussy as to soil. My soil is a naturally heavy red adobe which, if not kept constantly subdued, tends to bake hard in the summer heat. Neverthe- less, little difference has been observable in the growth of this Iris, whether planted in the natural clay unalloyed, or in beds artificially lightened by the customary admixture of sand, lime, and humus. Even the application of animal manures, so fre- quently fatal to plants of this type, seems only to increase the luxuriance of its growth, as the planting this season of a richly fertilized Pansy bed in immediate proximity to the aforemen- tioned border has well demonstrated. Of course, plenty of = 261 ' THE SHORT-STEMMED MEDITERRANEANS SEEM SPECIALLY MADE FOR INDOOR USE Arrangement by Miss M. Louise Arnold; photograph by William N. Kline, Jr. water is desirable during the season of most active growth, but as in most parts of California it coincides with the rainy season anyway, usually little or no attention is required at this time. It has sometimes been said that a thorough summer baking is a requisite in the culture of Iris unguicularis, but this | have not found to be necessarily the case. So far as my experience goes. reasonably good drainage rather than actual dryness seems to be the true desideratum. I have had clumps of this Iris in the same beds with plants which required watering ali summer without any evident ill result to the former. Another valuable feature of this Iris is the willing way in which it will take hold and make a brave showing in almost any exposure. Full sun is no doubt best, and will be rewarded by the most abundant display of bloom, but partial shade gives fair enough results. | have not experimented with it in com- plete shade, but would anticipate no great degree of success. As to lime, I have never bothered either to put it into the soil or to avoid soil which already contains it. My soil is not na- turally, however, very limy. HE pristine flowering period of unguicularis in Algeria is said to be the months of January and February. If this be so, the period is appreciably extended by cultivation. Cor- revon and Masse give the flowering time as February and March only, but this is not in accord with the usual experience. In England bloom is said to extend from November, or sometimes from the end of September, to the first of April. In southern California the first shy blossoms appear on established plants in September (my first ones this past year arrived September 11th), gradually increasing in abundance and height, both of flower and foliage, till the winter rains bring out a fair burst of bloom when other species of the group are only just beginning to unfurl. This continues for several weeks, but along in March the foliage has so far outstripped the bloom that by April the latter has become wholly discouraged and with a last faltering flower or two the display finally ceases. Since the period of active growth thus coincides more or less completely with the blooming time, two periods available to the gardener for dividing and transplanting his crowded clumps might logically follow—one in the spring at the end of the grow- ing season, the other in early fall just before the renewal of 262 activity; in fact, we find this frequently asserted. Dykes* has given reasons for preferring September to April for the process - of transplantation, chiefly because fresh root fibers are then just beginning to push out and will take a new hold readily; while those plants divided in spring seem to suffer easily from drought and winds, and, when fall comes, fail to start growth with anything like the vigor of the ones freshly reset. At once impressed by the apparent reasonableness of this argument, | determined to put the matter to experimental test. About the time of reading the article ] was planning to set out the long edging of marginata already mentioned. So | chose the spring, May 14th to be exact, for the operation, trimming all the leaves back, as generally found advisable in transplanting © bare-root Irises, and dividing to single or double rhizomes, with careful attention to watering after planting. The result was in every way as anticipated. It is true that only about three divisions out of some seventy died out entirely, but it was al- most a full year and a half before the resultant growth attained a stage which could fairly be called luxuriant, while of bloom there was but the scantiest supply, and that greatly belated in appearance, until the second fall. Since then, however, the vigor of this border, with the possible exception of a couple of plants, has been all that could be desired. Colloquially speak- ing, it has “caught up with itself.” Last fall (September 22nd) came the opportunity for the con- verse test. For this I used divisions from two clumps of one of the white Mediterranean Irises, which, as the desired edging was a very long one, | was forced to reduce to the smallest possi- ble fragments. Otherwise the treatment was as nearly that of the former instance as possible to make it, yet the results have been wholly different, and bear out in every particular the con- clusions of Dykes. The new roots were just beginning to push out at the time of transplantation. This continued, so far as my occasional examination of the plants showed, without notice- able abatement, and visible leaf growth began almost at once. This was followed within a very few weeks (November 11th) by the flowers themselves. A few of the blossoms were rather small and poor, and most, perhaps, not quite up to standard; but still they were generally presentable flowers, continuing their display well through the winter and giving, while the plants were so small, much the effect of a row of Spanish Iris. Leaf growth has been very vigorous and at the date of writing not even the tiniest rhizome has been lost. Next season should bring a wonderful showing from that border. To clinch the argument, I set out another long row of these Irises on December 29th. By this time root growth was well advanced, had progressed so far, indeed, that many of the long fleshy fibres were necessarily damaged or broken in taking up the plants. This did not seem encouraging. Nevertheless, while results were in no respect so favorable as with the Septem- IRISES UNDER SNOW AT REDLANDS, CALIFORNIA Though natives of the mild Mediterranean countries, these Irises are far from tropical in their requirements, being in no wise disturbed by this Novem- oer snowfall through which they continued to push up bloom with almost unslackened energy. Photograph taken by Mr. Berry, Nov. 27, 1919 *Gardeners’ Chronicle, vol. 59, p. 155. The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 ber planting, and most of the flower buds seem to have blasted, the vegetative growth has been good, only a few divisions have been lost, and the little plants have settled down to business generally much better than spring-divided plants tend to do in a corresponding lapse of time. While it would seem, then, that September is beyond compare the best month for any fundamental disturbance of these Irises, they may be safely moved while well along in active growth if one be willing to forego a little bloom, whereas late spring seems really about the worst season of all. Undivided clumps, with the earth still adherent to the roots, would perhaps transplant readily at almost any time. HE chief faults of these Irises, if truly serious enough to be called such, are two in number: a tendency to untidiness _ as the older leaves die, especially in late summer and early fall; and the habit the flowers have of hiding down among the leaves, much as Violets do, so that the plant is never as showy as it might be in the garden. However, during the largest part of the year most of the varieties of unguicularis are decidedly ornamental as foliage plants alone, even without the lurking touch of color which, despite its diffidence, is such an addition during the seven or eight months of the flowering season. Their landscape value then appears to depend principally upon the care shown in their use. As an edging to a long path winding | among trees planted openly enough so that the sun can pene- trate, any of the Mediterranean Irises is altogether charming. ] have long wanted to try one of the marginata types at the back of a narrow border of California Violets, as the blooming periods, or at least their maxima, in the two plants correspond so well, and the mauve and lavender of the Iris blends so hap- pily with the light purple of the Violet. The latter, it is true, is slightly redder in hue than the Iris, but it is quite surprising how nearly similar they are and how smoothly they tone to- gether. Princess of Wales Violets are too deep to blend so well with marginata or any of the more typical unguicularis, but they match the allied cretensis somewhat better. There are, too, various white Violets available for use in connection with the alba types of these Irises. | have dwelt so long upon unguicularis because it is the most common and typical species of the group, not because it is neces- arily the most beautiful. There are a number of other races, most of which, such as the marginata and alba, are generally referred to only as varieties of the type, although a few will perhaps eventually come to be regarded as distinct species. Of the varieties, some of the forms of the marginata are among the finest and to my eye preferable both in flower and plan to the typical unguicularis. The lightly margined falls, richer and deeper color, larger flowers, longer blooming season, and slightly increased luxuriance are all points decidedly in their favor. Other varieties, referred to as lilacea, purpurea, speciosa, and elongata, unfortunately I have been unable to discover in cultivation in this country. “Var. alba” is a blanket term used to cover several not necessarily related and even quite distinct white forms, at least one of which is so original in its characters that if it is a real wild form and not a garden sport, its claims to specific rank should cer- tainly be considered. It is stiffer and primmer in appear- ance than its gaudier relatives, and with me its blooming season does not appear to be so long, but it is nevertheless worth growing. In color it is creamy, with golden signal patches. I have been unable to learn anything at all definite regarding its origin. Iris lazica is a relatively broad-leaved race of the Mediterranean Iris from the southeastern shore of the Black Sea, whence its name. It is said by European growers to be worth while, but I have been struggling with a refractory plant for several years to very little avail. All that can be said of my specimen at present is that it still bears two green leaves. Perhaps it is fussier in soil requirements than some of the others. The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 Finally there is an exqui- site little mauve and violet Iris from Greece known as I. cretensis, or again as the var. angustifolia of ungui- cularis. 1 have sometimes had it sent me as the var. speciosa of the latter spe- cies. There is some differ- ence in the authorities as to whether speciosa is really the same as this, but most agree at least in considering angustifolia and cretensis identical. Those who refer to it as angustifolia always place it under unguicularis as a variety, those who grant it specific rank use the name cretensis. After growing it for some years, My own sympathies incline rather strongly toward the latter view. Dykes* has called atten- tion to the fact that “those forms that flower earliest usually have foliage long enough to shelter the flow- ers, while the late-flowering varieties throw up the blooms above the foliage.’’ This holds especially true in my ex- perience as regards cretensis, for the narrow, grassy leaves of this species are not only shorter and less luxuriant than in any of the forms of unguicularis, but have a way of bending themselves out and downward, leaving the flowers to rise daintily above, even though their own stem-like tubes have something of the same oblique tendency and are considerably shorter than in ungui- cularis. The individual flowers of cretensis are perhaps the loveliest of any of the group on account of their unusual depth and richness of color. The standards are mauve, shading to- ward Pleroma violet (of Ridgway), the falls haematoxylin violet, deepening to hyacinth violet at the base, and with a bright signal patch of light cadmium. All the members of the group are delicately scented, but the fragrance of cretensis, with its distinct suggestion of Violets, is especially alluring. While the weaker growth of this species, as compared with *“Trises’”’ (Garden Flowers in Color Series), p 50. 263 W.N. Kline, Jr., Photo. IRIS UNGUICULARIS BLOOMING IN MIDWINTER AT REDLANDS, CAL. “Tn southern California the first shy blossoms appear on established plants in September, grad- ually increasing in abundance and height till the winter rains bring out a fair burst of bloom” the unguicularis series, and its comparatively short blooming season diminish its garden value, it is an exquisite cut flower for bowls and certain types of low table decoration where a longer stem would be a disadvantage. It is perhaps in this way that all the Mediterranean Irises find their best use. It is a knack soon learned to pull them in the bud in such a way as to increase by a full inch or so the available length of “stem,” and then let them open as they will in water in the house, where the dainty blooms seem a welcome, if at times anachronistic, harbinger of spring. None of these Irises appear ever to have been used in hybridization, either among themselves or in connection with other Apogons, nor until last season (1921) have any of mine been detected in the act of setting any naturally fertilized seed. Very plausibly there is a field here for some interesting work. CHING PATE TOMATO PLANTS Pest RL (OUINEESS EX, RIO TLE DIG, ERY often when the gardener comes to thinking in late June and early July, about plants for a late Tomato crop he does not find it easy to procure them; yet the PIS shrewd gardener has at his hand all that he needs. At every leaf-joint Tomatoes throw out a sucker; and this is usually stocky and strong. If left on the plant, this sucker may bear; but many gardeners, believing that these extraneous growths exhaust the strength of the parent, remove all suckers up to a certain height on the plant. In any event, it does the parent no harm to remove at least some of these lusty children. These suckers root readily; in fact, a Tomato is fond of taking root wherever it can touch the ground. Pull off suckers that are well formed (say, from eight to ten inches long) and that are of heaviest growth. With a small round stick punch a hole in the ground six inches deep. Fill this with water, and then drop the sucker in, firming the earth about it. Growth will begin immediately, and will proceed normally. From suckers thus planted about the end of June, the very finest late Tomatoes may be gathered from mid-September until hard frosts put an end to the season’s growth. EN NING NINN A Za SZ MAKING THE GRAPE VINE PRODUCTIVE JOHN L. DOAN The Different Methods and Systems of Pruning Simply Explained and “ARWYs Compared—General Adaptability of the Grape to Different Soil Conditions Epitors’ Norte: Herein is a truly masterful and concise account of Grape growing for the home garden. It is one of a series of articles on the growing of fruit for personal use that began in February with a general discussion of the home fruit garden and its scope. Individual fruits are taken up in succession, viz.: March, Strawberries; April, Currants and Gooseberries; and next month, Apples. HE development of the New World Grape is a remark- #$ able triumph of American horticulture. The colonists = brought the Old World varieties with them, which I“ for nearly two hundred years our people tried in vain to grow. They then turned their attention to our native Grapes that abounded everywhere, and, in a century and a quarter, countless varieties of all sizes and colors, grown by the thousands of acres from the Rocky Mountains east, have been developed, chiefly from native ancestry, but with some admix- ture of Old World blood. One fortunate quality of American Grapes is their ability to thrive and bear well in many soils, ranging from light sandy loam to heavy clay loam. More important than the kind of soul is its fertility, drainage, and organic content. Light soils usually produce larger crops; but, as a rule, the fruits from heavy soils are of higher quality and keep better. For a home supply use what soil you have, draining it if too wet and correcting its faults as far as you can; then plant adaptable varieties and your chances for success will be good. As Grapes do not bloom until June in the latitude of Philadel- phia, there is no great danger from late spring frost; but a site with good air drainage is desirable. Stir the soil deeply and thoroughly, preferably in autumn, and use strong, healthy, one-year vines. Plant in the fall if you can from latitude 41° south, mounding the vines with a few inches of earth. Farther north spring planting is preferred. Set the vines amply deep, with good surface soil well packed about the roots. Varieties vary in their size and appetites as much as men. Such strong growers as the Concord need much more room than the weak-growing Delaware. Soil, climate, and pruning also influence planting distances. For our standard varieties in the East 8 x 8 ft. and 8 x 9 or 10 ft. are common planting distances. Cover Crops to Keep Up Fertility ULTIVATE the vines every ten days until midsummer, C and with the last cultivation sow a cover crop broadcast and work it in. For land in need of nitrogen, Rye and Winter Vetch, in equal parts, work finely together; in other soils Buck- wheat and Rye form an equally good combination. In each case use one quart of the mixture per square rod and spade the crop under in early spring. Grow vegetables, if you wish, among the Grapes for two years; but, after that, the vines will need all the room. Grapes bear best in a soil that is neither thin nor over rich. For many years our experiment stations have tried hard to determine how Grapes should be fed. But they now admit that the contrary vines do not take to balanced rations. They must be fed as the local impulse moves them, and this must be learned by repeated trials. One hundred to one hundred and twenty-five pounds of manure, two pounds of bonemeal and two pounds of high grade sulphate of potash per square rod will usually give good results. If the vines grow too rankly cut down the quan- tity of manure. You want fruit, not wood. 264 Supporting the Vines HE support for the vines may be a trellis, arbor, or south wall. The common trellis is a row of posts 25 feet apart, well braced at the ends and carrying two or three galvanized wires. The wire that bears the greatest strain should be No. 10. The others may be No. 12. Have the top wire about 54 feet above the ground and if two wires are used, the second should be about 24 to 30 inches lower. If three be used, space them. 18 inches apart. Be sure to staple the wires on the sides of the posts toward the prevailing winds (the west side for rows run- ning north and south) and train the vines upon the windward side of the wires. A grape arbor of wood or of iron pipes on the back lawn is equally welcome for its fruit, its shade, and its. homelike beauty. Vines on trellises or arbors are tied with strong twine that does not decay quickly. The loops of twine around the canes. should allow for ample growth. The growing shoots usually hang free. If they are to be tied, raffia is good. For vines. trained upon walls the best fastening is strips of leather about 4 inches long, loosely doubled about the branches and secured. to the wall by large-headed nails through their ends. , Pruning and Training HEN our Grapes grew wild, they had to produce several times as much growth as would otherwise be needed, to make sure that some of it would get the sunshine. This habit is so fixed that in cultivation we must cut away most of the new growth every year, to adjust the crop properly to the root system. The fruit is borne near the bases of the new shoots. These have, on an average, two bunches each, and they nearly all grow from the last year’s wood. A vigorous Concord in full bearing may produce sixty clusters; so last year’s wood should’ be pruned to about thirty buds. Weaker growers should be: pruned to fewer buds. Except in severe climates pruning may be done whenever the vine is dormant. Vines pruned after the buds begin to swell bleed badly. The ideal time to prune is soon after all very cold weather is over, say about St. Patrick’s day at New York City. The training of Grape vines is a large subject and is admir- ably handled in the “Pruning Manual” by L. H. Bailey. Here we can only summarize the chief points at issue. Prune newly planted vines to two buds early in the spring. Keep the stronger of the two shoots that will start and remove the other. A year later prune to two buds again, and keep the stronger shoot. If the cane should become half an inch or more thick. the second year, carry it to the trellis the third spring. If not,. repeat the second year’s treatment. i In the Spur method of pruning, old arms are kept for many years. The young canes that grow from them are cut back to one or a few buds each year, until thickets of decaying stubs. are formed, harboring insects and diseases, therefore the best growers have discarded this system for the renewal method. In the RENEWAL method but little old wood besides the trunk is kept. Each year a few strong canes are pruned to _ oe eR, £. H. Lincoln, Photo. “THERE’S FRUITAGE IN MY GARDEN, THAT I WOULD HAVE THEE TASTE” William Johnson-Cory 266 the needed number of buds and tied in the desired positions and the rest of the vine is cut away. This method saves work and maintains the strength and health of the vines. The following systems are grouped under it. KNIFFEN SYSTEM for strong varieties that droop is one of the favorite methods of training. Two wires are used. If the two-year cane be 3 of an inch thick, tie it to the top wire the third spring; then bend it sharply along the wire for three buds, tie again, and cut off. Young shoots will spring out like magic. The following winter or spring save a sturdy cane growing in each direction for each wire and remove all others. Shorten the upper canes to ten buds each and the lower ones to five buds each and tie them to the wires. From these will grow shoots that will be loaded with fruit the fourth summer. If the two-year cane should be but 3 inch thick, carry it to the bottom wire the third spring; then bend, tie, and prune as you would the 3-inch cane at the top wire. The following winter or spring prune to three canes. Train two of these on the lower wire and carry the third to the top one to form the upper part of the trunk, pruning and tying them as in the previ- ous case, and removing all other canes. The winter after the four-branched framework has been estab- lished the vine will be a thicket of young canes; yet eight cuts may prune it. Sever each of the four arms beyond the strong cane nearest its base. Prune and tie these four canes as described in the second paragraph above, and give the vine the same treat- ment year after year. There are modified forms of this system. CHAUTAUQUA SysTEM. Named for that famous Grape region. The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 With the renewal systems the young wood becomes a few inches further from the trunk of the vine each year. Whenever strong canes suitable for use as branches rise from the trunk, train them in the places of branches with old bases and cut out the latter. Minimizing Insect Enemies and Diseases HE long list of insects and diseases that may attack the Grape is indeed appalling. But, in fact, most of them seldom do much damage, and not many of the more serious ones are likely to be very troublesome the same year. They may nearly always be controlled readily by following the sug- gestions given: Destroy all trash near the vines in which insects might hiber- nate and all wild vines and bushes from which insects or diseases might come. Prune away and burn all diseased branches. Cut away at once any branches that seem to be dying, well below where the disease shows, and burn them. If the case should seem to be very bad, remove and burn the entire vine. Yields, Endurance, and Variety OW much will a vine yield? There are workers and shirk- ers. A Concord or Worden vine may bear 15 or even 18 pounds. But it may take three or four vines of some of our choicest varieties to produce that much. Let the vine bear a little the third year, let it bear from a third of a crop to a full The trunk ends in two short horizontal arms at the bottom wire of a two- or three-wire trellis. Imagine from four to six canes trained upwards and outwards each year from these arms like the ribs of a fan, and you have an idea of the Chautauqua System. HicH RENEWAL SYSTEM. This involves much more la- bor than the others; but it is required by certain varieties of upright growth, to keep the young shoots from being broken by thewind. The trellis has three wires. The trunk ends at the bottom one in two long horizontal canes from which the young shoots rise. When these reach the middle wire they are tied to it and later to the top wire also. They are modified forms of this sys- tem. For an arbor six feet wide or more plant the vines about 8 feet apart on both sides. Carry their trunks to the top, train a few short lat- eral canes from each, for the sides and top of the arbor, and renew them each year. SPRAY CALENDAR FOR THE GRAPE ARBOR ]. Spray the vines, wires, and posts thoroughly (with combined fungicide and insecticide) when the buds begin to swell. Purpose—to control black rot and grape flea-beetle. II. Spray just before the blossoms open. Purpose—To control black rot, berry moth, and flea-beetle (adult). If the leaf hoppers give trouble in your neighborhood, besides the above use one tablespoonful of a nicotine extract and 2 ounces of laundry soap (already dissolved and thoroughly mixed in a small amount of soft water) for every 23 gallons of the spray material at its final dilution. If the rose beetle should be troublesome in your neighborhood add to spray II (and also spray III) one ounce of arsenate of lead paste or 3 ounce of the powder and 3 pint of syrup to each gallon of spray material at its final dilution. III. Immediately after the blossoms fall use the same materials as in spray II for the same enemies. This spray is also helpful in control- ling the mildews. IV. Two weeks after the fruit sets spray again. Purpose—To control black rot, mildew, flea-beetle (larve), and grape-root worms. If the weather should be hot and damp an additional spray may be needed two weeks after IV. Usually the sprays already given will be sufficient. The downy mildew is more readily controlled by thorough dusting with sulphur than by sprays. If it should not have been kept well in check by these, apply flowers of sulphur with a dust gun three times, the first application being four weeks after blooming time and the others at intervals of two weeks. WHAT TO USE FUNGICIDE: 1 oz. dry bordeaux to 24 quarts water, or 13 oz. to 5 gallons. INSECTICIDE: 24 oz. arsenate of lead powder, or 5 oz. arsenate of lead paste to 5 gal. water. NICOTINE EXTRACT: as advised above is understood to contain about 40% sulphate of nicotine. Proprietary manufactures are offered which answer all practical needs, if used as recommended by the makers. crop the fourth year, and full yields after that. How long should a vine liver Under neglect it may die the first year. With all conditions favorable it may live for fifty years or even much longer. The following varieties ripen approximately in the order given, cover the season well, and succeed over a large portion of the United States and their relative numbers are according to their use and cropping abilities: Winchell (Green Mountain), white, 1 vine; Moore Early, black, 1 vine; Brighton, red, 1 vine; Worden, black, 2 vines; Delaware, red, 3 vines; Eclipse, black, 1 vine; Concord, black, 4 vines; Niagara, white, 2 vines; Caco, dark red, 1 vine; Pock- lington, white, 1 vine; Salem, red, 1 vine; Catawba, red, 3 vines. In many places a con- siderably different list would be better. Neighbor growers and local nurserymen, state experiment stations, etc., may be consulted. DESTROYING OUR WILD FLOWERS LOWLY, but surely, the widespread appreciation of the natural beauties of the countryside and the pictures made by the blossoming of the various wild flowers are acting as a stimulus to many people who see something more than the mere utilities of the land. Although an organization for the protection and preservation of wild flowers has been at work for a good many years past, the present wid- ened appreciation of its efforts is only just now beginning to filter through and influence other groups of people and particularly those whose chief interests have centred in the finer arts of gardening and cultivated flowers. Many Garden Clubs, for instance, direct special efforts toward the preservation of the wild flowers of their community. In the past this well-intentioned interest has really worked destructively, in that the study of wild flowers or any fondness for them usually took the form of making excursions into the countryside when the specimens were in their perfection, gathering whole armfuls to be discarded as soon as wilted, which is similar to expressing one’s affection for song birds by going out with a gun to slaughter them. This persistent gathering of the blooms and roots inevitably worked as a limiting factor in the natural seed production and, worse still, it was too frequentiy the case that the persons responsible for this devastation were really of a type from which better things might reasonably be expected. They were more or less of com- fortable circumstances, could afford their pleasure excursions, and had, in fact, a certain responsibility to the community. It was the short-sighted selfishness of thoughtlessness, and as soon as the light was turned on a reaction followed. Nor is it sufficient justification that whole plants were dug up and transported to the garden; although the specimen might be saved for the individual, the wide-spread beauty of the country- side was just as thoroughly destroyed for the multitude, and beauty begets beauty. Gardeners may sometimes be forgiven for reasonable gathering of material and their efforts in establishing the more desirable plants, but, even so, anything of the kind should be undertaken with a careful, studied attention to the factsand all the conditions. The end must be sufficient to justify the means. Many of the native plants have appealing qualities to the gar- dener,and we appreciate their desirability for the purposes of the most exacting planter. It is unfortunate that to a large degree the growers have not considered it practical to grow stock to meet such a demand. Of course, there can be no arbitrary decision; what may be devastation in a built-up section of the Atlantic Seaboard is trivial and utterly negligible in the open plains and prairies of the middle states. Fortunately there are dealers who specialize in providing wild flowers in nursery grown stock. Many of these are con- sidered difficult to grow—“ miffy,”’ as the gardener would call it. Usually this is but another way of saying that these plants have 267 certain soil preferences and it has taken the gardener a long time to realize their fondness for acid conditions; that requisite being provided, the majority of these considered difficult plants can usually be handled. that heldearly in May by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society when Boston’s Horticultural Hall was turned into a fairyland of early springtime bedecked with native flowers. It was an effort to bring home to the membership of the Society the actual possibilities of the country glade and wood and, by pok- ing the concrete specimen right under his eyes, to give the in- dividual member an object lesson that he might remember during the unfolding months of the year. The credit for this effort goes directly to the President, Mr. Albert C. Burrage, who conceived the idea and—delegating the details to his su- perintendent, Mr. Eccleston—saw the scheme carried through. Ol ant a novelty in the way of horticultural exhibitions was HE impossible was accomplished! The flowers seen in early spring were shown night alongside those that ordinar- ily blossom only in midsummer and autumn, and all in full bloom the first week of May! ‘Trilliums, White Violets, and Mayflowers there were; and close beside them Lady-slippers, Pitcher-plants, and Yellow Lilies mingled with New England Asters, Gentians, and Cardinal Flowers; while everywhere were Ferns and Ferns and more Ferns—nearly fifty varieties—in all the dainty drapery of their midsummer glory. Tothe herbaceous plants were added several flowering shrubs—Mountain Laurel, Dogwood, Rhodora, etc. Over eighty species simultaneously in blossom were set in such surroundings and with such artistic skill that the artifice was not apparent—they had the united appearance of a natural group growing happily in their native woodland. “The setting deserves more than a mere passing word of praise,” says one visitor. “When | entered the main hall of the Horticultural Building | found myself transported to a beautiful glade in the wild woods. The illusion was perfect—looking up this pretty little valley, the end of the vista seemed quite a dis- tance beyond me. On the left rose a steep hill, covered with evergreens and seemingly quite high; a stream followed the cen- tre of the valley, on the far side rose a second hill covered with trees and dotted with bits of rocky boulder. At the end of the valley was a rocky bank, and from out of the woods behind it came the little stream, splashing over the rocks and purling along to their edge over which it plunged to the pool below. Here it rested a moment and then sauntered on under a rustic bridge and on again to a large pool at my feet. Along the margin of the stream grew the plants that revel in moist places.” Mr. Burrage unites in his person just the combination that is required to insure the success of such an enterprise. He has a real love for flowers and a real pride in the wild beauty of the New England woodland; and besides these he has a generous 268 desire to help other people to foster this love and this pride; and then he is able to carry his desires to fulfilment. Active work upon the project began almost a year ago. The plants were taken from their homes in the woodland and placed in several glass houses on Mr. Burrage’s estate where each one received the special treatment required to bring it to perfection during the first week in May. N THE movement for wild-flower preservation, as in many other things, Massachusetts stands well in the lead and is taking the matter so seriously that legislation for the protection of native plants is projected. A specific bill to protect the May- flower or Trailing Arbutus, however, recently failed of enactment. It is a somewhat sad sidelight on our boasted intelligence that the greater offenders in this insatiate vandalism career across the country in comfortably equipped motor-cars which—if ex- ternals mean anything—should certainly indicate a higher type of civic development. Moreover, such people frequently so far forget themselves as to trespass not only on the highways and byways but even on private grounds, parks, and public gardens, robbing them of their floral embellishments and tearing down flower-laden limbs of trees like the Dogwood. The main traveled roads of the country bear testimony every summer day to this deplorable lack of social conscience and absence of reverence of irreplaceable beauty which ultimately comes back like a boomerang to smite unworthiness—for if some of us continue to uproot and destroy, some day there will be nothing left for any of us to enjoy! THE OP EXK COLO MIAG Readers’ Interchange of Experience and Comment Plants that Endure Sixty Below To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: Se MANY people find it difficult to grow vines and shrubbery in northern climates that perhaps a little account of plants which we have had success with here in the Canadian Northwest may interest other gardeners similarly situated. Across the veranda (see accom- panying photograph) are Hop vines of two years’ standing. We bought the roots. They grow rapidly, in fact about twenty feet in six weeks, climbing up heavy string which we place where we want them to grow. As the summer goes on they get very bushy and are not only absolutely sun proof, but also serve as a protection from wind and rain. They last until the late frosts of fall when the beautiful green foliage dries; we then cut them down at the roots. New shoots appear early in the spring, as soon as the ground thaws and the sun begins to get high and warm. Along the base of the porch are mostly pink Columbines from seed, IN THE CANADIAN NORTHWEST Hop vines shield the porch and along its base grow wild Columbines and Roses; wild Gooseberry bushes border the driveway. in a climate where the thermometer sometimes drops to 60 below zero these plants can be depended upon from season to season. Home of Mrs. F. A. Nye at Edmonton, Alberta The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 blossoming after three seasons of growth into beautiful, delicate pink blooms. There are also a few especially pretty, young wild Rose bushes. Wild Gooseberry bushes, brought in from their marshy native haunts, border the driveway. After transplanting the bushes, we trimmed both young and old to uniform size, and find they make a very hardy and pleasing decoration. No matter how severe the winter—the thermometer at times hover- ing at fifty and sixty below zero, and cold weather extending over eight months of the year—the plants here pictured are trustworthy citizens of the chilly North and can always be counted on to reappear.—HAr- riET L. Nye, Edmonton, Alberta. More Plants Wanted To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: Es any one suggest where Philadelphus microphyllus and Securi- nega ramiflora can be had?—Crara Hersey, Boston, Mass. —Will some lover of olden-time herbs be good enough to tell me where I can get Costmary (Chrysanthemum Balsamita tanacetoides)?— Mrs. CLIFF STERRETT, Garden City, N. Y. After the Pestiferous Rose Beetle and Green-fly To the Editors of THe GARDEN MAGAZINE: Hg ] am not quite ready to make a final statement as to my opinion of the value of Melrosine—I want to try it this summer, on a variety of plants, in varying strength, to find out its effect on vege- tation as well as on the insects—I can say this much at present: In addition to removing rose beetles effectively it will kill green-fly (aphids of all kinds) more readily than most preparations, and has not the odor and stain of the concentrated tobacco poisons. Ata strength sufficient to clear all aphids from a plant there is no injury to foliage and the slight odor is not unpleasing. I hope that this will prove the general summer insecticide for all uses except those where arsenate of lead, or other stomach poison, is more suitable. I hope that it will prove safe to use on fruits and vegetables approaching maturity. If all this works out, the bug problem in the garden will be in large measure solyed.—STEPHEN F. HAMBLIN, Cambridge, Mass. Picking Sweet-peas from a Stepladder in Alaska To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: 1B YOUR most enjoyable OPEN CoLumn for March I have noted the elation of a contributor from Seattle, Wash., in successfully accom- plishing the transplanting of Sweet-peas. This, it appears, was done: against the advice of numerous friends, the consensus of whose opinion: was that “it can’t be did!” The transplanting in this instance was. done by lifting sections of the earth in which the Peas were growing, moving them with as little disturbance as possible, and carefully avoid- ing exposure of roots to the air. Now, is the transplanting of Sweet-peas generally looked upon as a difficult task? In our garden in this North-land we have done this. very thing for years, and possibly a brief account of the operations in- volved may interest some of your readers. Two boxes are prepared, each 12 x 18 inches and 5 inches deep, pro- vided with suitable drainage, and filled to. within an inch of the top with good soil. The seeds are then sown very thickly in the boxes, covered with soil, almost level with top of box, watered thoroughly, and placed in the greenhouse. This is done during the first week in April. Germination is rapid, and in ten days. or so the plants are coming up; the boxes are then placed outdoors in coldframes or some other favorable location, in order to promote a hardy growth. By the first week in May they average from three to five inches in height and are ready for transplanting to their permanent home in the Sweet-pea trench. To move the plants easily, one side of the box is removed, and they are then ready to set out in double rows six inches apart, each plant about four inches apart in therow. ‘They are handled absolutely without any coddling or special care other than to see that the roots are not injured; the roots. have no soil on them whatsoever. After the setting-out process is completed the plants The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 269 IRIS IN A NEW ZEALAND GARDEN Happy the gardener who finds himself in New Zealand where nature needs little coaxing and gardening conditions are very like those in Cali- fornia. An ideal situation for the moisture loving Iris is along a stream’s edge as here in the garden of Mrs. David Fernie at Chesterhope are thoroughly watered. They grow littie, if any, for two weeks or more, but during this period they become firmly established and then commence vigorous growth—and practically every plant lives. This method gives us flowers earlier than would otherwise be pos- sible in this latitude where frost lingers in Mother Earth until mid- April or later, and another advantage is that each plant occupies an allotted amount of space without crowding so that it can develop to its fullest possibilities. Last year our first Sweet-peas were picked on July 13th, and from then on until the end of September the vines bore magnificent long-stemmed flowers in the greatest profusion. At the end of the season the vines were ten feet high and it was necessary to use a stepladder to pick the top flowers. The two boxes above described give us an ample supply of plants for a double row 45 feet in length, and there is usually a generous supply of “overs’’ for improvident neighbors who at the last minute decide to “plant a few Sweet-peas.”—W. C. BLANCHARD, Skagway, Alaska. —Transplanting Sweet-peas from pots is the successful method of growing for exhibition b!ooms, as has been told frequently in these pages.—Eb. Neighborly New Zealand To the Editors of THE GARDEN MaGazineE: ACH month, as my copy comes to hand, I admire and also get oc- casional inspiration from the beautiful garden pictures it con- tains. I thought perhaps you might like to see a New Zealand garden and so enclose a napshot of mine (see above). I was particularly in- terested in your California edition as conditions there and here are very similar.—D. FERNIE, Chesterbope, Napier, New Zealand. Pursuing the Iris Borer To the Editors of THE GARDEN MaGazineE: gees is the time of year when the Iris enthusiast, gazing at the grow- ing luxuriance of the garden, has visions of the glory that is to come. Until the past few years the Iris was remarkably free from disease, but stealthily in the night, as it were, the scourge of the borer is upon us. Many people do not realize its existence, hence have not fought the enemy, with the result that many beautiful Irises have been lost. It is now understood that the egg is laid by a night-flying moth which punctures the leaves in several places that in a few days look like iron- rust spots. When the egg hatches into a little white worm, this worm eats the edge of the centre leaves, keeping within the folded part, then down into the rhizome which it hollows out entirely, and about August 15th changes into a mahogany pupa and goes down deep in the ground. Here it apparently remains until the following spring. This moth attacks the Ins during the blooming season. Some authorities recommend digging up the plants and removing the borers, probably the only thing to do when once they have entered the rhizome. But precaution seems the better course; watch the leaves and cut just below the small perforations, or wherever an eaten edge ap- pears. If you open a leaf that has been eaten you will find the worm, and can crush it. These worms grow very rapidly and by August are more than an inch long, looking something like the giant peach borer, with a pale pink stripe down the back. Last year we cut Iris leaves by the bushel, thus destroying hordes of borers. If, as is likely, some borers elude you, there is nothing for it but to dig up the plant, recover the borers, cut away all rotten parts, and re- plant. It is to be hoped that before long some remedy less laborious than the present will be found.—RacHeEL D. Davipson, Ambler, Pa. Summer Salad Days in Wisconsin To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: R. KRUHM’S admirable articles in THE GARDEN MAGAZINE should be very useful to any vegetable grower, but they are per- haps of greatest interest to the more experienced gardener who has ex- perimented enough to appreciate the value of Mr. Kruhm’s sound conclusions. ‘“‘Solving the Season’s Salad Supply” in the April issue is, | think, the best of its kind that I have ever seen. In our community practically every home has a garden, but probably not one gardener in twenty-five raises Head Lettuce successfully. The reasons for failure are just those emphasized by Mr. Kruhm, the use of wrong varieties, and (more particularly) failure properly to thin the small plants. It seems quite impossible to persuade the average gardener to throw away the requisite number of plants. We begin thinning Head Lettuce when the leaves are perhaps an inch in length, and for the first spacing between plants that are to remain, I use a tiny three-cornered hoe shaped by the local blacksmith. This saves 270 one’s back, which is inclined to resent the second thinning on hands and knees. This follows closely after the first, and leaves the in- dividual plants intended for heading with space for development in accordance with the size of the head. This last thinning is done with the aid of a slender knife, and the soil is worked up lightly about each plant at the same time. We always save the strongest plants, discard- ing those which have grown spindling from crowding. After fifteen years of experience both with and without water for irrigation, we find that where warm weather comes early and no facili- ties for watering are available, transplanted Lettuce plants do not head as well as those which have not been disturbed. The fact has become so well established for our climate that we never transplant Head Let- tuce except to fill vacancies early in the season. It has also been our experience that certain varieties behave differently in different sections of the United States. This year our list of varieties for a Wisconsin garden includes May King, Black Seeded Tennisball, Mignonette, Salamander, All Sea- sons, Hanson, Iceberg, Wonderful, and Paris White Cos. We try new varieties each year, but some of the older sorts, such as Mignon- ette, Salamander, and Hanson are so well adapted to our climate that they have never been quite supplanted. After much experimentation with Chinese Cabbage we have decided to grow only a variety called the Vaughan Strain. This forms a tall, astonishingly solid head of excellent quality, and behaves properly in every way in our garden. We plant the seeds in the open ground the latter part of June; for July is usually very dry with us, and seed does not then germinate well. Our plants grow slowly until the latter part of August, when the rains bring them on with amazing rapidity, ready for use late in September. Wong Bok develops a disease in our garden. August plantings of Chinese Cabbage do not, in our region, produce heads before freezing weather. We find that our Witloof Chicory does very well when the roots are laid horizontally in the bottom of the box in which they are to be forced. This enables one to use boxes of moderate size, and still cover the roots deeply with sand. The slender heads can be cut well be- low the surface and are nicely blanched. The same roots produce a number of crops, in fact boxes planted after Christmas have been growing rampantly in May.—Harriet L. Kutcuin, Wisconsin. The Praise of the Rake To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: pe man with the rake is just as useful as the much be-sung “ Man with the Hoe.” In fact, the rake may advantageously replace the hoe to a greater extent than generally realized. The first use of the rake is, of course, to pulverize the soil after plow- ing or spading. Personally, I prefer one not less than fourteen or six- teen inches wide, with straight, flat teeth. By striking the lumps with the flat of the rake in a slanting manner, you can make them crumble easily into fine soil if the ground has dried on top, as it ought. Then the soil may be raked smooth, and cleared of any remaining hard lumps. For fine seed, a shallow furrow may be made by drawing the end of the rake along the garden line. For larger seeds and for Potato sets a furrow may be started with the hoe or the hand-plow and cleaned out deeper with the rake, which does this work more rapidly than the hoe. When the seed has been scattered in the furrow, the rake again is the best tool for filling in the soil, which it can make finer, if necessary, at the same time. Some years ago the Rural New-Yorker made a considerable stir by Potato experiments, some of which produced a crop on small plots at the rate of 1,000 bushels an acre. Deep furrows were made in which the sets were placed, the soil was then carefully raked back into the furrow, this being a principal point in the operation. When sowing in spring the soil may be firmed over the seed by using — the flat of the rake, which presses down the soil just enough, the ground being plenty moist at this season. As soon as the seedlings appear and are thinned out, the tiny weeds which come up in the row may be destroyed by drawing the rake across the rows. It will not uproot or break off the seedlings if done in the afternoon, when they are not so brittle as in the morning. This is especially useful with Potatoes, Peas, Beans, and Corn. Much hard labor at hoeing may also be saved if the rake bedrawn between the rows as soon as a crust forms aftereach shower. The “‘stitch in time saves nine” here especially. The rake covers much more ground at a stroke than does the hoe, and leaves the ground more level and fine. With a small hand cultivator and rake there will be little need of the too well-known, back-breaking work of hand-hoeing. Cultivation should be given early and often, as much for the comfort of the gardener as for the good of the crops. The Garden Magazine, June, 1922: Notches may be made in the handle of the rake at one foot, two feet, etc., which will be useful in placing the garden line at the proper dis- tances for the seed furrows. The smaller crops, Carrots, Parsnips, Onions, Lettuce, Spinach, etc., do well in rows a foot apart. Cabbages and Potatoes need a good two feet in garden culture, and Corn at least three. Make a resolve to have the rake always handy and to use it more freely, and you will get much more satisfaction out of your gardening. —J. M. Lone, Washington, D.C. The Beneficent Ladybug To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: | WONDER if someone can tell me through the Open Column of GARDEN MAGAZINE how to destroy ladybugs—we have them by thousands and I find they injure my potted Ferns when put out-of- doors in summer. They also hide under the leaves and grass in my bulb beds, seeming especially fond of my large clumps of Funkia.— Mrs. THOMAS J. FARRAR. —We are inclined to believe that the injury to your plants is not done by the ladybug but by the plant lice which the ladybug larve come to feed on. The ladybug does not live on plants at all, but in its larval form, an active gray-black grub usually spotted with bright color and sometimes known as the “aphis lion,” it devours hundreds of thousands of aphis. You can get rid of the ladybug by destroying the aphis.—Ep. Driving Away Delphinium ‘‘Blacks”’ To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: ON page 48 of the March number “C. A. G., New York,” inquires for the remedy for “blacks disease”’ of Delphiniums. Permit me to submit the following which I found in an issue of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE some years ago, and have since been using with much satisfaction and success: 4 lbs. lump lime 1 lb. powdered tobacco dust 1 gal. water (to slake the lime) Let the mixture boil as long as it will, and add more water if neces- sary to completely slake the lime. When the mixture has ceased to boil, add water enough to make 5 gals: In applying, use 1 qt. of the solution to 11 qts. of water, pouring one or two cupfuls about the roots of each plant, repeating every ten days, if necessary. If plants are badly infected, the tops and any dark leaves should be cut off and burned. If Delphiniums are sprayed with Pyrox from time to time, beginning in spring when a few inches high, there is less danger from “‘blacks.” Since doing this I have seldom had to use the above mixture as it keeps them in a healthy condition and apparently more able to resist disease Mrs. ALEXANDER Davipson, Ambler, Pa. The Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: is THE March issue of THE GARDEN MAGazinE I notice an inquiry for the cure of Delphinium ‘‘blacks.” Liquid lime solution, mixed with about 30 parts of water, and applied with a spray pump is a sure preventive of this disease. It will not cure plants that are already afflicted but it does keep the disease from spreading. The black plants should be cut off to the ground, and the new growth kept clean by spraying.—Joun W. E1eRMAN, Bellflower, Cal. The Non-Orthodox Rose Grower To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: N HIS article on “Learning What Roses Like” Mr. J. Horace McFar- land touches a responsive chord. If there are any who have been scared from attempting Roses, let them pluck up heart and go to it— heedless of what the orthodox teachers may stipulate. After a life- time’s experience in amateur, professional, and trade circles, ] have come to the conclusion that the average amateur may be divided into two classes: one lacking all knowledge and slamming into things on the hit or miss principle; the other being saturated with orthodox book teach- ings, either makes his life a misery trying to carry out these principles or concludes that this, that, or the other plant is not for him. There are exceptions to the rule, of course; some are born gardeners and can figure out things for themselves and work accordingly. I] fear that with all my professional instinct, I am far from being orthodox. Therefore when well meaning friends assured me | could not hope to grow Roses on my sandy, stony soil, which could not be The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 attacked until May, I just ignored them and went ahead. As the good lady had specified vegetables before flowers, I had to get the vegetable plot into shape first and it was well into May before | could settle on a Rose plot. The only available spot was a four-foot strip bordering on a bank—a horrible place for Roses, likely to be dry and wind swept, and no manure beyond a little from the chicken house. I smile to think of it, for the eighteen experimental Rose bushes were not received until the end of May and after I had pruned them, were mere sticks. Suffice it to say they bloomed nevertheless before June was out and the last flower was not culled until late October, by which time Frau K. Druschki was 4 ft. tall and Mme. Butterfly, Columbia, and the rest were all more or less pleasing to my eyes. Some of the flowers gathered in August were equal to any produced under glass in winter. Several doses of superphosphate of lime and plenty of water with occasional spraying was all they received. Very few bugs worried them, and these met the fate that all insect pests merit. And let me say, well done, Wm. Currie! If you had listened to the orthodox and the “scare offs,’’ you would never have had those big “Mums.”—T. A. W., New Jersey. Red Raspberries Need Protection in Colorado To the Editors of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE: HE article on Raspberries and Blackberries in April by Mr. John L. Doan surprises me—not by what he wrote (for ali he did say was very good so far as I know) but by what he left out! If any Colorado Cibo) 3. Oy S vs. HE great annual contest between six hundred boys and girls of the neighboring tenements and an unlimited number of potential weeds is now going on at the Ave- nue A Gardens in New York. The battleground has sees cleared and cultivated, the young humans have planted the seeds, and now begins the world-old struggle between having the things wanted and the things not wanted. The youngsters are getting a graphic illustration of the parable of the Wheat and the Tares and learning a lot of other whole- some things they would never acquire in their tenement homes or in the course of the street play on which they would be spend- ing their time and energy if they were not at work in the Avenue A Gardens. The interest is not confined to the lucky six hun- 271 readers should be induced to plant Red Raspberries and follow his di- rections to the letter and no farther, they would never get a berry if they lived to be a hundred. I have been in Colorado twenty-five or thirty years and have been interested in gardens more or less all that time and have never yet seen a Red Raspberry bear that was not thoroughly covered every winter. You cannot even lay them down and cover with straw or brush, they must be covered with earth. Any quantity of them grow wild in the mountains and they never bear any higher than they are covered with snow during the winter. I am living right now in probably one of the best raspberry sections of the state, or in the West, and no one ever attempts to raise them without covering. In my own garden | have intentionally left a plant or two uncovered, and never got aberry. I have seen rows not fifty feet apart, the covered one literally red with berries, the other without a single berry. Of course, the article in question is all right for the East but as your cir- culation is for the whole country, your articles should be adapted to the whole country or they are misleading —A. W. Lamm, Loveland, Col. —I am well acquainted with the practice of covering the brambles with earth for winter protection in climates where the temperatures are severe or the air very dry. This method of protection is practised very extensively in some sections, notably about Sparta, Wis. Because of the limitations to the length of a magazine article, it was necessary to omit some of the phases of the subject treated and a‘certain amount of local interpretation is vital with any gardening writing. It would have been well to have mentioned the subject of winter protection, though space would have forbidden discussing it—Joun L. Doan. Was dred kiddies, but extends to the members of their families and a wide circle of neighbors. Every one of the 5x 10-ft. gardens is a potent argument for the outdoor life to a number of persons who otherwise would know nothing of its joys and benefits. Thanks to the generous readers of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE and others who recognize that the improvement of the chil- dren of to-day is a vital thing for the America of to-morrow, the ten dollars required for the necessities of each garden, and the supervision and instruction of the children, has been provided for about half of them. The Plant, Flower and Fruit Guild which supervises the work has started the full number with faith that the undertaking will not be permitted to stop for lack of funds. SINCE the May issue of THE GARDEN MAGAZINE the required amount of ten dollars to maintain each garden has been re- ceived from the following: Mrs. Henry A. GrirFin, New York City, for The William & Bruton Strange Garden Dr. Henry A. GriFFin, New York City, for The Helen De F. Cotton Garden Mrs. HerBert ErpMan, New York City, for a garden not yet named. Mr. Jutian Myrick, New York City, for The William Washburn Myrick Garden Horace Mann ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, New York City, for The Horace Mann Elementary School Garden. Norristown GARDEN C us, Norristown, Pa., for The Norristown Garden Club Garden. Mrs. Hersert L. SATTERLEE, New York City, for The Eleanor Satterlee Garden (Large enough to be culti- vated by a family) Junior EMERGENCY RELIEF Society, New York City, for The Junior Emergency Relief Society Gardens (5 plots). Mrs. P. B. La Rocne, New York City, for The Philip B. La Roche, Jr., Garden Mrs. STEPHEN BonsaL, Washington, D. C., for The Hope Davis Garden. Mrs. ELizABETH Porter, Evanston, IIl., for The Molly Garden. Mrs. A. H. Storrs, Scranton, Pa., for A garden not yet named. Checks for ten dollars, or multiples of that amount, may be sent payable to the order of Avenue A Gardens Fund, THE GARDEN MaGazineE, Garden City, N. Y., and will be acknowledged in an early issue going to press after receipt. Each contribution of ten dollars entitles the donor to name a garden. The following names will be borne by gar- dens provided for by anonymous donors at the New York Flower Show: Tue Lucky THE Laura S. STEWART THE JAMEs S. METCALFE THE BURGESSER THE FARMINGTON SCHOOL THE Wooprow WILson Tue LEAGUE oF NaTIONS THE FLOowER SHow THE Victory PLor THE JUNIOR LEAGUE THE SPENCE SCHOOL THE BENNETT SCHOOL THE BENJAMIN T. GAUNT THE Maxie Tue LoulseE THE Crowp THE JoAN HAMILTON Tue Jutta HAMILTON THE JoAN BENNETT Tue Nancy Gwyn Tue M.R. B. THE Duc-ouT Tue F. R. NEwsoip THE JOHN YOUNG THE JuLieET Dawes THE GARDEN CLuB OF AMERICA THE St. AGATHA SCHOOL Tue New RocHELLeE THE MoTHER Tue Dappy THE Miss NIGHTINGALE’S ScHOOL THE REBEKAH THE FREDERICK GADE Tue Mrs. W. R. Pitt THE BROADVIEW THE BARBARA THE GILBERT THE Orson LOWELL THE Fan-Tom Tue HELEN Massey THE Go-To-1T THE FRANK THE OLGA Tue Tom, Dick AND HARRY THE ATTRACTIVE Tue E ise Tue HELEN Tue Lypia THE SUNSHINE THe Epwarp THE ORIN THE BLANCHE ELISE THE BROWNIE THE BisHop MANNING THE BLow-ME-DOWN THE JOHN WALKER THE ELLINGWoop THE SETH AND ALIDA Tue G. W. P. THE Up-a-way THE ADELE THE BREARLEY SCHOOL THE THREE PALS THE AticE Mooney THE MApIsON SQUARE THE Fan-E ise THE YORKVILLE THE Mrs. SETH M. MILLIKEN 272 The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 NNN Mr. Farr Selects Ten Tulips For Garden Magazine Readers Amateur gardeners, and those of long experience, fasten their faith to Farr’s Selected Dutch Bulbs just as they do to Farr’s hardy plants. Many gardeners have asked me to name ten Tulips for outdoor growing —here they are, in Single Earlies and Darwins— Special Group of Single Early Tulips doz. 100 Artus:): Brightiscarlets 2054.0) pack toe een eee rene $0.65 $4.50 Chrysolora. Pure golden yellow...............0.cececveceecs 65 4.50 Pink Beauty. Rosy pink, shaded white....................-- 1.00 7.00 Keizerkroon. Red, border yellow. ................-2eeseecees -65 4.50 White Hawk:), Pureiwhiter.. .- senses an on a ceeiele sees -90 6.50 Special Group of Darwin Tulips doz. 100 Bartigan. Fiery red, the earliest.............:0.cceeccoeccaes $1.00 $7.09 Clara Butt. The best salmon-pink...................-.+-+0+ -65 4.50 : = La Tulipe Noire. The Black Tulip.......................... 75 5.00 La ROS Sanders. ean scarlet, large and showy. 90 6.50 . f illiam Copeland. Light lilac.....................0.00000- 85 6.00 Come and See the Peonies e A Special discount of 10% will be given on these varieties if your order is received before July 1, 1922, and you mention Garden Magazine. Get to know the choicest ones personally and intimately and I will Cash should accompany your order. guarantee that you, too, will fall in love with this most glorious of all hardy plants. To be able to recognize scores of them, to get to know their habits and individual behaviors—that, to my mind, is the height of garden joy, and I would help you to it if I may. ‘Better Bulbs By Farr’”’ is the title of my 1922 catalogue of the most desirable Tulips, Hyacinths, Narcissi and Crocus for garden and house culture. I will gladly send you a copy on receipt of your name and address. e uae And Iris, Too! Bertrand H. F arr Nurseries Co. For 20 years I have chummed with both Peonies and Iris and 104 Garfield Avenue Wyomissing, Penna. my enthusiasm about them is as strong and young as ever. If you can not visit Rosedale personally, a descriptive catalogue is anxious to visit you. Please mail your request TO-DAY, to Ss. G. HARRIS, Peony Specialist Tarrytown Box A New York i Wyomissing is famous the world over for Peonies and Irises. Thousands of people visit us during the blooming season, not only to see the display, but to select for their own gar- dens the varieties that are most appealing in loveliness. Our Peonies are usually at their best from June 5 to roth, according tothe season, Therefore, visitors should write or wire for the best days on which to visit this wonderful display. ETT alll Surprise your Neighbors —just as F. A. Howard did fee most deliciously flavored of all berries is the wild strawberry that grows in June meadows. Eight years ago a New England scientist determined to increase the size of these fragrant miniature red drops of lusciousness. For three years he worked patiently, cross-fertilizing the wild plants and garden berries of the largest size—until finally, he produced what has been called the most surprising strawberry ever grown, F. A. Howard’s “Wild Wonder.” Newspapers throughout the United States illustrated and described it. Plant breeders came to see it. With ordinary field cultivation one thousand baskets of glorious fruit were grown on one eighth of anacre. They sold, at sight, in the Boston market, for double the price of any other strawberry. 3 Like the wild strawberry, the fruit is borne on high spray-stems Many of the berries are six inches in circumference. The plants seem to grow equally well on gravelly inclines or in muddy soil. They are vigorous, and yield enormously throughout a long season. Only a dozen plants can be spared for each purchaser. They are strong and long-rooted. If planted now, this quantity will provide you enough fine young plants for a good-sized patch, this Fall. The price for the dozen is $5.00. Each berry is the delicious wild strawberry of your boy- hood—marvelously flavored and fragrant. Grown to giant size. Send check or money order. Address: F, A. HOWARD South Easton, Mass. Pergolas—Arbors and Lattice Fences Also: Artificial Stone Fountains, Flower Vases, and Bird Baths. Bronze Sun-Dials, and Gazing Globes fl ees advertisement shows only a few selections of suggestive features taken from our catalogue which contains several hundred practical illustrations of distinctive garden decorations for beautifying the surroundings of home. Here, too, you will find sug- gestions which are suitable for making your garden a reposing place for leisure hours. When writing for copy enclose 20c and ask for Catalogue “‘H-33”” No. 10 Rose Arbor HARTMANN-SANDERS COMPANY for)$37-50 Factory and Showroom: 2155-87 Elston Avenue, Chicago F.0.B. Chicago Eastern Office and Showroom: 6 East 39th Street, New York City Life size from photo The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 273 Sil Pe eee er ee ee ee ee ee rere eee eee ee eee eee eee eee eee ee ee ee CHEEPERS’ bulbs have always stood for highest quality. To extend their en- viable reputation, we offer this collection of beautiful tulips at a special price. The collection consists of twelve bulbs each of the eight varieties pictured (96 bulbs), catalogue price $14.40, sent pre- paid for TEN DOLLARS if ordered now. Each variety labeled and packed individually with plant- ing instructions. Delivered in time for Fall planting. error : ee Our Guarantee: As bulb specialists of twenty- five years’ experience, we supply only bulbs of the finest quality. We guarantee to replace gratis any bulb which does not pro- duce a perfect flower under ordinary care. LOUIS XIV Height 32 inches. $3.00 a dozen, $24 a hundred GESNERIANA IXIOIDES Height 24 inches. $1.00 a dozen, $6.50 a hundred BACCHUS Height 33 inches. BRONZE QUEEN Height 28 inches. $1.10 a dozen, $7.00 a hundred VELVET KING Height 31 inches. $1.90 a dozen, $15.00 a hundred Height FLAMINGO Height 28 inches. $1.10 a dozen, $7.00 a hundred Four Gold Medals have been awarded us by the Horticultural Society of New York and two Gold Medals by the Holland Bulb Growers’ Association for bulbs of the same quality as those offered on this page. Catalogue on request : John Scheepers INC. : 322 Fifth Avenue 4 . New York : : $3.25 a dozen, $26 a hundred PRINCESS ELIZABETH Height 28 inches. $1.15 a dozen, $7.50 a hundred LUCIFER 30 inches. $1.90 a dozen, $15.00 a hundred TLL PXYGCheMrONAL TULIPS FOR YOUR GARDEN IN IL 5 ion NNOOMNwtt—G_V—G—GVGDPDPtttrtTtrZrTIITTTTTTXn\tNNKtKKKtNimKNKKKKKNINKiNNNKiiiiiiKiiNiKiiNiiKiiiniiiNiiNiNtiniiniiQiiinniininii EAA AAA ail ll 274 The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 TR Tse Rainbow Gardens 701-2 Commerce Building St. Paul, Minnesota Free Illustrated 34 Page Catalogue on Request of Choice IRISES, PEONIES AND GLADIOLI Our catalogue offers numerous special collections of each of our specialties at very special prices, with 25 pages of Iris lore and valuable cultural hints. We grow over 600 varieties of the finer sorts of Irises including the choice imported varieties. Our rich black soil enables us to grow the finest of roots and bulbs. Our stock is grown under Minnesota climatic conditions where the temperature ranges from 30° below to 100° above F. and are therefore acclimated to grow well in all parts of United States and Canada. We ship with the idea to please and that we succeed is shown by the numerous repeat orders received from our customers each season. Send to-day for our free catalogue—Send your Order in early | Dodson Bird Houses . 2 bE ---9 Sy ns a “sk 70% ee INSECT PESTS © The birds are all my friends. Know- ing them makes me happy. They are an inspiration to better living. They can make your life happier. President- American Audubon Association er eo Facts found regarding the food of birds have orig- inated nation-wide legislature. Note the com- posite diet of the birds attracted by Dodson Bird Houses. Season after season, these houses afford a protection that allows valuable birds to multi- ply more rapidly. See the flycatcher house hanging from the pear tree. Eight bushels of pears with not a worm was this one house’s record! The birds will help you. Quaint houses ready for you to put up All the good folk in America are helping to house the birds. You have seen these picturesque little houses of green or white. Each is made under the patient eye of Mr. Dodson, beloved friend of the birds. His life-time study has perfected these houses. They attract the birds. ‘They insure your trees and shrubs and gardens against insect pests. You will be fascinated by their staunch, quaint shapes, their intricate workmanship so necessary to success. Cement Bird Bath Birds must have water. Ifyou supply it, you may be sure that fruit, berries and other garden delicacies will not be harmed. Here is a scientific bath which the birds have approved. In- cluding basinand stand $24.50 Other baths as low as $6.00 Write to Mr. Dodson! Let his experience guide you. Martin Robin Flycatcher Swallow Cat Bird Bluebird Chickadee Cardinal Wren Nut Hatch JOSEPH H. DODSON 709 HARRISON AVENUE KANKAKEE, ILLINOIS Dodson Sparrow Trap is guaranteed to rid your premises of this noisy, quarrelsome pest, $8.00 Woodpecker Thrasher You will find much of inter- estin Mr. Dodson’s fascinating booklet, “Your Bird Friends and How to Win Them.” There are many styles of bird houses. Mr. Dodson wins for you different birds with each. It is a booklet thru which to browse with pleasure. op AA BIS REUONTe sx : fascinating lampshade banded with black marabou, a dainty bed-cover strewn with orchids, a négligée of tinseled purple with trailing sleeves of nasturtium crépe—here are a few lovely effects suggested by Cheney Printed Silks. These silks— Florentine, Shikii, Mysore, Sweetbriar, Corean, and Satin Princess—owe their colourful design to a guild of artists from many lands; their exquisite texture is the work of master weavers. Yet Cheney Printed Silks cost less than you would expect to gals pay, and they may be obtained in the dress-silk and decorat- me ing departments of many stores. If you cannot obtain Cheney Silks in your neighbor- hood, write us for name of nearest retail store. CHENEY BROUHERS 4th Avenue at 18th Street, New York — NN om i LL; WS < { Re You Can Depend on its Thorough Effectiveness! Garden Magazine Readers will be interested in an unsolicited expression of opinion from S. F. Hamblin, Esq., Instructor at the School of Landscape Architecture of Harvard University. Mr. Hamblin’s letter reads in part as follows :-— “Tn addition to removing rose beetles effectively it will kill green-fly (aphids of all kinds) more readily than most preparations, and has not the odor and stain of the concentrated tobacco poisons. At a strength sufficient to clear all aphids from a plant there is no mjury to foliage and the slight odor is not unpleasing. I hope that this will prove the general summer insecticide for all uses except those where arsenate of lead, or other stomach poison is more suitable.” M. E LR OSL N. E ie a ee ee FATAL TO EVERY BUG IT TOUCHES Besides doing thorough work in destroying all kinds of Plant Lice (white, green, black) it proves sure death to Striped and Spotted Beetles, Spiders, Thrips and Saw Bugs. MELROSINE takes the gamble out of gardening. Keep a can on hand constantly. Use Special Trial Offer it for vegetables as well as for flowers. Whether you grow Roses, Rho- | For the Best Results Use dodendrons, Phlox, Peonies Chrysanthemums, or Spireas, for MELROSINE as Follows: any plant whatever that is attack- Six ounces of MELROSINE made up to one gallon ed by Bugs, you can insure your with water gives enough solution for one spraying plant treasures by timely spraying of at least 100 rosebushes. This gallon of spray with MELROSINE. So anxious solution costs less than 25c. You can insure your are we to have you give this rosebushes for the season for about 5c. each, unique preparation a trial that we which makes less than gc. per bloom. will mail postpaid a ; ’ Your Dealer Should Be Able to Supply T SE) (Oty SUG ea Wielse You, If Not, Send to Us Direct One Gallon, on receipt of 60c. : Most leading Seed and Nursery Establishments Special leaflet describing in detail carry MELROSINE. Some offer it in their what MELROSINE will do, gladly catalogues, while others sell it over the store mailed on request. counters. Ask for MELROSINE—if your dealer does not carry it, please give us his name and afford us the opportunity of supply- ing you, kindly sending cash with order, as we cannot open small accounts. MELROSINE is Obtainable in the Following Packages: Gallon, $6.00; Half-Gallon, $3.25; Quart, Gi/55 leas, (dees _ WWnese prices for East of Rockies, with transportation collected upon delivery. Please mention Garden Magazine. THE GARDEN CHEMICAL COMPANY YORK CITY, N.Y. IT KILLS ROSE BUES N Ew The Garden Magazine, June, 1922 277 FREE - 25c Book On Home Beautifying HIS book contains practical suggestions on how to make your home artistic, cheery and invit- ing. Explains how you can easily and economically refinish furniture, woodwork, floors and linoleum. JOHNSON’S Pasfe -Liquid -Powdered PREPARED WAX Johnson’s Prepared Wax comes in three convenient forms—Paste Wax, for polishing floors and linoleum— Liquid Wax, the dust-proof polish for furniture, wood- work, linoleum and automobiles—Powered Wax, makes perfect dancing floors. Building?? Doubtless you want the most house for the least money. Our book will help you realize that ambition without “cutting corners.” Explains how inexpensive woods can be finished as beautifully as more costly varieties. Tells what materials to use and how to use them. Includes color charts—gives covering capacities, etc. If, after receiving book, you wish further information, write our Individual Advice Department. Experts will gladly solve your problem without charge. We'll gladly send the book FREE and postpaid for the name of a good painter in your town. S. C. JOHNSON & SON, Dept. GM-6 Racine, Wis. (Canadian Factory—Brantford) “The Wood Finishing Authorities”’ SEO | Alyssum saxatile compactum. . . .40 3.50 Lychnis chalcedonica. . . . . . .40 3.50 Phlox, Baron Van Dedem Anchusa Dropmore .... . . .40 3.50 Lychnis viscaria . .... . . .40 3.50 Anchusali@pal a ee) ee 40S 0 Monardadidyma. ..... . .40 3.50 Aquilegia chrysantha ... . . .40 3.50 Pentstemon barbatus Torreyi. . . .40 3.50 AquilegiaHelenae .. .. . =. .40 3.50 Phlox BaronVan Dedem .. . . .40 3.50 Aquilegia Long-spurred Hybrids. . .40 3.50 Phlox Elizabeth Campbell. . . . .40 3.50 Aquilegia nivea grandiflora . . . .40 3.50 Phlox General Van Heutz. .. . .40 3.50 Artemisia lactiflora . . . . . . .40 3.50 Phlox Independence. .... . .40 3.50 Campanula carpatica. . .. . . .40 3.50 Phlox Josephine Gerbeaux. - . 40 3.50 Campanula persicifolia. Blue. . . .40 3.50 Phlox JulesSandeau. ... . . .40 3.50 Campanula persicifolia. White . . .40 3.50 Phlox Lumineaux. ..... . .40 3.50 Centaurea montana ee a e40h 3350) Phlox) Mrs) Jenkinson) 4 Ono -00) Cerastiumtomentosum. .. . . .40 3.50 Physostegia virginica . .. . . .40 3.50 Coreopsis lanceolata. . . . . . .40 3.50 Platycodon) Wes 2 4. 7-40) 3250 Delphinium Belladonna. .. . . .40 3.50 Pyrethrum Double French. . . . .40 3.50 Delphiniumformosum ... . . .40 3.50 Pyrethrum) Sse Se 4 0 550) Delphinium Gold Medal Hybrids . .40 3.50 Ranunculus. Double Buttercup . . .40 3.50 Delphinium grandiflorum. Chinese. .40 3.50 Rudbeckia purpurea. . . .. . .40 3.50 Dianthus, Mrs. Sinkins. DoubleWhite .40 3.50 Salvia pratensis . . ... . 40 3.50 Echinopshumilis . . . . . . . .40 3.50 Sedum spectabile i “40 3.50 Eryngium ee nee Ole Ss50 Seer eA TG iy “40 3.50 Gaillardia grandiflorum. . . . . .40 3.50 Spi 5 5 Pink Resa ees, y Gypsophila paniculata . .. . . .40 3.50 MSE EN ORNEZ eth s+ + + 640 3.50 Gypsophilarepens. . .. . . . .40 3.50 Stokesia cyanea. ...: . . .40 3:50 Hardy Ageratum. .... . 40 3.50 Statice latifolia . Bop 0 0 0 9 3 onl) shal) Heleniumautumnale .... . .40 3.50 Veronica amethystina .... . .40 3.50 Iberissempervirens. .. . . . .40 3.50 Veronica longifolia... . . . .40 3.50 IRISES Excellent stocks of Japanese, German and Siberian. Write for prices and listed varieties. - at Dianthus plumarius Box M Hicks Nurseries westbury, L. I., N. Y. Aquilegia Phlox, Rheinlander Anchusa Veronica William Robinson Writes on Color DECORATIVE IRON WORK GARDEN CLUBS’ PROBLEMS ua - mS JULY,1922 3 Ye aa da zi i aaa é ; XXYV. No. 5 July, 1922 Doubleday, Page (ompany = Garden (ity, New York, Boston Los -Angeles (hicago THE BRAND PEONIES ORIGINATED BY O. F. BRAND & SON America’s Foremost Hybridizers of the Peony Mark Twain Said— “A great, great deal has been said about the weather, but very little has ever been done.” If Mr. Clemens had known about the modern Cornell Irrigation Systems for gardens and lawns, his whimsical remark would have lost some of its pointedness. Nowadays something zs done about the weather and much of the disappoint- ment attendant with trying to makea The largest Plant Breeding Establishment in the World that is devoted to the origination and bringing out of new varieties of the Peony. We carry over 1000 varieties. There are over 17,000 new seedlings in our seed beds this season. The quality of our productions is attested to by the fact that of the World’s 22 best varieties of this beautiful flower the following four or a little better than 18% were originated by us : E. B. BROWNING FRANCES WILLARD MARTHA BULLOCH LONGFELLOW We have in our fields this season for this fall’s shipment the largest stock of first class peonies that we have ever carried, among which will be found such beautiful sorts as Alsace Lorraine, Asa Ey _ Gray, Bayadere, Cherry Hill, Enchantress, Grace Loomis, Karl Rosen- field, Kelway’s Glorious, Kelway’s Queen, Lady Duff, La Fee, La Lorraine, La France, Laura Dessert, Le Cygne, Loveliness, Mme. Emile Lemoine, Mme. Jules Dessert, Marguerite Dessert, Mignon, Milton Hill, Mons. Martin Cahuzac, Phyllis Kelway, Jubilee, Prim- evere, Raoul Dessert, Reine Hortense, Rosa Bonheur, Sarah Bern- hardt, Solange, Standard Bearer, Therese, Tourangelle, Walter Faxon, and many others of the World’s very best American and European peonies. We also offer for your consideration these wonderful Brand Peonies: Benjamin Franklin, Brand’s Magnificent, Charles McKellip, David Harum, Desire, E. B. Browning, Faribault, Frances Willard, Henry Avery, Judge Berry, Longfellow, Lora Dexheimer, Martha Bulloch, Mary Brand, Mrs. A. G. Ruggles, Mrs. Jennie R. Gowdy, Phoebe Carey, Richard Carvel, and Winnifred Domme. If you do not see listed here what you want write for our 1922 Price List now out, and our 1922 Catalogue which will be issued about July Ist. BRAND PEONY. FARMS Box 424 Faribault, Minnesota (ee garden or lawn grow isa thing of The coupon, or a postal or letter | W.G. CORNELL COMPANY the past. For Cornell systems wil] bring a complete descriptive tata chic eee eal actually do give you rain when booklet describing the Cornell cicaco _Bartimorr |” metoasy and where you want it. We are prepared to make com- without obligation. plete surveys and submit plans and specifications covering the installation of piping systems and pumping units. 45 East 17th Street, New York City |7~ Send NORFOLK CLEVELAND .- free of plan of garden or lawn care, NEWARK ST.LOUIS) 7 iictated book BOSTON MONTREAL ae let describing in PHILADELPHIA |-” detail the Cornell KANSAS CITY ~~ Systems of Irrigation. WASHINGTON ./* PITTSBURGH “ ig Cornell 2 Systems of Irrigation ee The Garden Magazine, July, 1922 285 I Ace LCA AAT I am still growing IRIS, PEONIES and PHLOX for a harvest of joy and friends ye I can truthfully say that every order I send out wins mea friend. They say that sentiment and business do not mix, but I have found sentiment backed by Service to be a winning combination, It has always been my sincere desire to merit the confidence and good will of my fellow beings, and to accomplish it I have adopted the following business policy. To give every patron prompt, cheerful, and careful attention. To not disappoint them in any way, but render service that will add to the large number of enthusiastic customers who kindly re- commend my goods to their friends (I hereby thank them each and all). To produce stock of highest quality and sell it at a fair price. I will not sacrifice quality for profit; what are a few dollars compared with the satisfaction of feeling that one is giving pleasure to a con- stantly increasing number of people who love beauty and love to work hand in hand with good old Mother Nature. To Induce a Trial I will send 12 Iris worth $4.30 for $3.00, Ingeborg, Loreley, Monsignor, Mrs. Darwin, Nibelungen, Pallida Speciosa, Perfection, Rose Unique, Sherwin Wright, Dr. Bernice, Rhein Nixe, Helge. Mixed (not labeled) $5.00 per 100 $45.00 per 1000 =] And I Specialize in PEONIES too Iris and Peonies go together. Before one leaves, the other arrives. Between the two you'll have a continuous succession of joys and delights. My Peonies range in price from Soc. to $40.00 each. My Iris range in price from 15c. to $20.00 each. Will You Let My Little Catalogue Tell You More? ~~ Swelter? Or Enjoy Cool Shade? ; F _It’s a very modest booklet and yet it serves the purpose of ac- What You Can Do in July. quainting you with my business. Now let us all work individually and collectively fora more beau- iin A Personal Message from Henry Hicks Wish your place was beautiful? Why not have it so? tiful America. i) have big trees you thought it was necessary to have your father plant them. d . Also it was necessary to plant in spring or fall. We have planted thousands GEO. N. SMITH, Wellesley Hills, Massachusetts of trees in the summer and they have grown better than those planted in spring and fall. Why? Because we have invented methods and trained men to do it right. Back in 1888 we started to grow them to save you time. They have been grown wide apart, root pruned and transplanted to be in the best possible condition for you. We have developed and perfected the art of summer trans- planting. Will you be the first in your neighborhood to take advantage of it? High Yrs. old Each Pin Oak 20 ft. 18 885.00 Chestnut Oak 20 ft. 18 45.00 The species for dry gravelly soil as Rockaway and gravelly slopes of Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y., where it is native. Spread Yrs. old Scarlet Oak A 5 ft. 18 Beech 5 8 ft. 15 Beech will make a beautiful hedge to shut out the street or separate the garden from the entrance court. Beech hedges grace the finest estates in Europe. Spread Yrs. old Ench Maple & ft. 12 8 8.00 A group of 4 will shade the baby’s playground. They are big enough for a swing or hammock. Spread Yrs. old Each 1 Linden PLANT EVERGREENS You enjoy the beauties of the evergreens, the fragrance of the firs, the wide horizontal lights and shadows of the Pine, the feathery Hemlock and the contrast of the White Fir or Blue Spruce. You wish you had a little nook sheltered from the sea. Do you want a bird haven where they will nest in the summer and feel protected from wind and hawks in the winter? July is the time tomake it. Do you want the fun of carrying out your ownideas? The Hicks system of transplanting and root pruning and the invention of machinery for handling the roots results in the least possible surgical shock in transplanting. Measured in beauty and time saving they are your cheapest investment. You can have a truckload de- livered every day, every other day, or every week, while you are on your country place. They are guaranteed to grow satisfactorily or replaced free. Do you needa carload? You will enjoy selecting them in the nursery. A prominent manufacturer of Pittsburgh said this morning, ‘‘I have spent several pleasant mornings here.’’ Are you a fan on little evergreens, rock plants, alpine plants, cover plants, ferns and wild flowers? This is the place to come, prowl around, load up your car and redecorate the foundation of your house, and make a naturalistic garden with stumps and stones or along a woodland path. Have you tried the Hicks Plantateria? Here are thousands of plants in pots or suitable to take up with clumps of dirt, Phlox, Iris, Asters and a good collection of the flowers you see in the best gardens. If you love a plant you can make it live anytime. (Signed) HENRY HICKS. HICKS NURSERIES, Box H, Westbury, L.I,,N. Y. oUt ess m0 286 Prize- Winning TULIPS We are delighted to report that our custo- mers continue to score extraordinary results with our bulbs. The majority of first prizes offered at New York, Boston, Glen Cove an other shows were cap- x tured by Zandbergen patrons. Our bulbs are not especially selected, but constitute uniform- | ly regular stock sup- plied all our customers, : : on all orders, large or / _ small. \ To be a Prize Winning tulip, a variety need neither be new nor ex- pensive. Among our 450 May flowering kinds are sorts for every purse and fancy. You can take our word for it that the 3 col- lections offered herewith are the greatest value in highest class Bulbs ever offered. COLLECTION A Darwin Clara Butt, Salmon Pink. Baron de la Tonnaye, bright rose, mar- gined blush. Darwin La Candeur, pale rose. «La Tulipe Noir, maroon black. Dream, mauve, (3 “ Popular Sorts at a Modest Rate Darwin Professor Rauwenhof, cherry red. «~~ Suzon, buff rose, black at margin. Cottage Gesneriana Spatulata, bright scarlet. Cottage, Moonlight, light yellow. Breeder, Cardinal Manning, wine red, blush rosy bronze. 25 bulbs of each of above varieties, 250 bulbs in all, for $10.00 | COLLECTION B Darwin Farncombe Sanders, rosy red. Darwin, Melicetti, soft Darwin Prince of the Netherlands, cerise-scar- lavender. let, edged rose. Darwin Blue Amable, pale Darwin Mdm. Krelage, lilac-rose, margined pale lavender, shaded steel blue. TOSee Breeder Bronze Queen, soft buff, inside tinged Darwin Princess Elizabeth, deep pink. golden bronze. : : Darwin L’Ingenue, blush. Cottage, Mrs. Moon, deep yellow. Superior Sorts at a Modest Rate 25 bulbs of each of above varieties, Darwin Faust, satiny purple. 250 bulbs in all, for $15.00 COLLECTION C Breeder Panorama, deep orange, shaded ma- A Great Value in Really Superb Creation jogany. Cottage Idyl, beautiful vivid rose. Breeder Louis XIV, dark purple, flushed bronze. Darwin Duchess of Hoenberg, lilac-mauve. « Godet Parfait, purple. “ Centinaire, violet-rose. Cottage Avis Kennicot, golden yellow. «Valentine, heliotrope. «« Sir Harry, soft lavender pink. “Louis de Valliere, bright cherry rose. 25 bulbs of each of above varieties, 250 bulbs in all, for $25.00 In order to effect above worth-while sav- ing on your bulbs, all orders must reach us not later than August 1st. Delivery of first class bulbs, in first class condition during September. All orders filled and packed in our own bulb farm at Valkenburg, Holland. Please ask for Catalogue Pronounced by connoisseurs the most accurate catalogue of Dutch Bulbs. Brief, but absolutely truthful descrip- tions and the use of differ- ent type for sorts of vary- ing merit make it a most valuable guide to Tulipdom. | If you do not find a variety listed in our catalogue (novelties excepted), we as- sure you that it isn’t worth growing. Come to see our Show Garden, “Tulipdom,” where, during May you'll find about 450 rare kinds of Talips and hundreds of unusual Daffodils. ZANDBERGEN BROS. OYSTER BAY, LONG ISLAND, N. Y. Bulb Farms: Valkenburg (near Leiden) Holland The Garden Magazine, July, 1922 JULY, 1922 THE GARDEN MAGAZINE CONTENTS COVER DESIGN: “OVER THE GARDEN GATE” Paul Verrees A WELL-PLACED SEAT IN THE GARDEN - =- = = = Photograph by Mattie E. Hewitt PIE OXSSIN PACS Van GARD ie) NI ee = HOLLYHOCKS AS ACCENT POINTS IN THE GARDEN - Photograph by Mattie E. Hewitt THE MONTH’S REMINDER—WHEN TO DO WHAT YOU WANT “TODO. 2) 50 \2- us) greta eos eens TWO HISTORIC CENTURY-OLD CYCADS Samuel N. Baxter Photographs by the author PLANTING FOR COLOR IN THE LANDSCAPE William Robinson Photographs by Leonard Barron and others PLANTING STRAWBERRIES NEXT MONTH? A. Rutledge DECORATIVE IRONWORK Arthur W. Colton & Amy Richards Colton Illustrations supplied by the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Gothic Shop “COMFORT ME WITH APPLES” - - - Jobn L. Doan Photograph by Mattie E. Hewitt ORCHARD FACTS FOR READY REFERENCE - = = = DIVERSIFIED GARDENS OF CLEVELAND, OHIO Kate B. Burton Photographs supplied by the author THE SINS AND VIRTUES OF THE MOLE Charles D. David Drawing by the author THE AUTOGRAPH OF AN ASH TREE D. T. MacDougal Illustrations supplied by the author TEMPERING THE SUNSHINE - = = Eloise Roorbach Photographs by the author, David Fairchild, and others FHE CLUBS IN COUNCIL - - - - - - - = = = - III. In THE Dotprums But HEADING OuT Julian Hinckley IV. THe SoutH SpEAKs CONSTRUCTIVELY