te OF ee so ay Ki raven ee Heats Harvard 1 a mien ie Library Arnold Arboretum Harvard University Ah) Pes ra at ‘ai a2. ey ee : oe red, & hae ~* i a, | nae ae: Te) kd ae * Ya he +* 4 ; t tT Ny THE ~GARDENS’ BULLETIN STRAITS SETTLEMENTS A Journal reflecting the activities of the Botanic Gardens of the Straits Settlements, published as material is available VOLUME VII SINGAPORE 1932 —1934 DATES OF PUBLICATION Part 1 issued 15 September, 1932. Part :2 issued 10 May, 1933. Part 3 issued 1 June, 1934. CONTENTS Part 1. (15th Sept., 1932). Some Malayan Orchids, III, by C. E. Carr, with plates 1-5 and an index The genus Taeniophyllum in the ae Pouiwsiita: by C. E. Carr, with plates 6-14 and an index .. Part 2. (10th May, 1933). Additions to the Flora of the Malay Peninsula, with plates 15-32 and an index Notes on Malayan Winetseuiaee by C. F. Symington, with plates 33-47 and an index Enumeration of Malayan Ebenaceae, by R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink, with plates 48-50 .. Part 3. (Ist June, 1934). The Ferns of Mount Kinabalu, by Carl Christensen and R. E. Holttum, with plates 51-62 and an ee ‘ ~ 129 191 Gardens’ Beilletin STRAITS SETTLEMENTS The | Vol... VIE 15th SEPTEMBER, 1932. Part 1. | | CONTENTS. . Page. | Some Malayan Orchids, III by C. E. Carr, F.L.S., with Plates 1-5 .. es as he 1 Index ah ee te x a 56 The genus Taeniophyllum in the Malay Peninsula, | by C. E. Carr, F.L.S., with Plates 6-14 pera. To be purchased at the Botanic Gardens, Singapore. ; Price $ 2.00. PRINTERS LIMITED. SINGAPORE. rin ere Me Vis THE _ GARDENS’ BULLETIN STRAITS SETTLEMENTS Vol. VII. 15th SEPTEMBER, 1932. Part 1. a SOME MALAYAN ORCHIDS, IIL. By C. E. Carr, F.L.s. with plates 1—5. Editorial Note. The following paper by Mr. Carr contains descriptions of one new genus (Cheirorchis) and 25 new species of orchids from the Malay Peninsula, 26 new records of previously described species found for the first time in the Peninsula, and three new varieties; there are _ also eight new combinations and notes on the nomenclature of some other species. There are three new species of ; oo: Kpicrianthes, bringing the peninsular total of this very curious group to seven. The first peninsular nee representative of Bulbophyllum§ Polyplepharon is also _ described. & 3 _ The new species and new records are largely due to Mr. Carr’s own collecting activities; most of the remainder _are based on specimens collected by officers of the Singapore *Gardens. Aad P. a The only non-peninsular plant here described is Vanda “ee eeiotor var. purpurea, from the island of Alor, a number plants of which are now in cultivation in Singapore. ¥ The new species are: Coelogyne membranifolia, me Sh Microstylis reniloba, Diplocaulobium malayanum, Desmo- trichum compressibulbum, Dendrobium striatellum, D. ocumbens, D. ustulatum, Bulbophyllum peekilon, B. Cor- & aeri, B. abbrevilabium, B. Haniffii, B. nigropurpureum, B. zalleolabrum, B. carunculaelabrum, B. diplantherum, B. - chekaense, B. cyclosepalon, Thelasis succosa, Adenoncos _ Yesiculosa, Cheirorchis breviscapa, C. major, C. pulverulenta, Thrixspermum tenuicalear, T. pulchrum, Pomatocalpa 2. ongatum, Microsaccus truncatus. Jim The new varieties are: Dendrobium metachilinum Rehb. f. v. crenulatum, Bulbophyllum uniforum Hassk. v. Plurifiorum, Vanda tricolor Lindi. v. purpurea. The new combinations are: Desmotrichum luxurians, Bulbophyllum taluense, Bulbophyllum uniforum var. varie- he O ns ? bile, B. uniflorum var. rubrum, Chamaeanthus sarcanthoides, 14 REORI \ KV AK iy’ 2 C. E. CARR. Cheirorchis filiformis, Cheirorchis fulgens, Abdominea macranthera. An index of species names will be found at the end of this paper. Zeuxine gracilis, Bl. Fl. Jav. Orch. 56. t. 18, f. 2, t. 28D; J. J. S. Fl. Buit. VI (Orch.) 110; Atlas No. LXXVIII.— Psychechilos gracile, Breda Gen. et Sp. Orch. t. 9. Mono- chilus gracile, Lndl. Fol. Orch. fasc. V; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 VER Pahang, Tembeling, under Hevea brasiliensis. This species is new to the Peninsula. Coelogyne membranifolia, sp. nov. (Plate 1) Pseudobulbi .50-1 em. dissiti, quadrilateraliter ovoidei, 1-folii. Folium lanceolatum ad oblanceolato-oblongum, abrupte breviter subulato-acuminatum, acutissimum, tenue, plicatum. In- florescentia folio immaturo synantha, nutans, laxe 2-3 florifera. Bracteae caducae. Sepalum dorsale oblongum vel oblongo-oblanceolatum, acutum vel apiculo minuto dentiformi obtusum. Sepala lateralia subfalcate oblonga vel anguste ovato-oblonga, acuta. Petala subfalcata, line- aria e basi latiore lanceolata, subacuta. Labellum 3-lobum, basi leviter saccatum, carinis c. 5 fimbriarum seriebus 2 ferentibus, lobis lateralibus triangularibus obtusis, lobo intermedio late unguiculato lamina breviter late ovata obtusa, marginious integris. Apex gynostemii triangularis breviter acuminatus acutus marginibus nonnullis denticulis inconspiculs ferentibus, alis latis truncatis. Rhizome creeping, stout, rooting, few-branched, .50-1 cm. diam., internodes .10-.20 cm. long. Pseudobulbs .50-1 cm. distant, quadrilaterally ovoid, sides concave, at first co- vered with membraneous scurfy pale green sheaths, pale green, up toc. 8 cm. long, 2 cm. diam., l-leaved. Leaf lance- olate to oblanceolate-oblong, abruptly shortly subulato-acumi- nate, very acute, thin, plicate, above bright green with ec. 5 conspicuous grooves, beneath paler with c. 5 strong ribs, up to c. 27 cm. long, c. 10 cm. wide, petiole deeply grooved up to c. 3.30 cm. long. Inflorescence appearing with the im- mature leaf, nodding or pendulous, laxly few (2-3) -flowered, peduncle slender terete thickened upwards up to c. 12 cm. long, rachis zigzag gradually elongating with internodes up to2cm.long. Bracts caducous. Flowers appearing singly on the elongating rachis, rather large, widely expanded. Sepals and petals pale yellow-green, median keel of sepals green. Dorsal sepal oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, very shortly acuminate, acute or obtuse with a minute tooth-like apiculus, cucullately incurved above the middle, apex slightly recurved, nerves 9 much-branched, outside convex Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Some Malayan Orchids, III. 3 rather shiny strongly keeled, inside concave dull with a median groove, c. 4.50 cm. long, c. 2.30 wide. Lateral sepals subfalcately oblong or narrowly ovate-oblong, acute or subacute, nerves 9 much-branched, outside convex with a strong median keel rather shiny, inside dull concave with a median groove, c. 4.50 cm. long, c. 1.90 cm. wide. Petals slightly falcate, narrowly linear from a wider lanceolate base, subspathulately dilate below the subacute apex, nerves 3 sometimes with 4 short basal nerves added, margins slightly recurved, outside rather shiny, inside dull, c. 4.50 em. long, base c. .35 cm. wide. Lip adnate to apex of column foot, 3-lobed, c. 5-nerved nerves much branched on midlobe, base slightly saccate bright red-brown, blade between sidelobes snow white, keels 5 from above base white surmounted by 2 rows of fimbriae median kee] termi- nating at base of claw of midlobe outer keels at sinus of lobes inner keels continuing on midlobe straight to base of claw then abruptly divaricate parallel below apex and terminating on base of blade of midlobe, fimbriae of keels dark brown in upper half orange-red in basal half, the whole spread out c. 3.75 cm. long, across side lobes c. 3.70 cm. wide; side lobes subfalcate, triangular, obtuse, margins entire, anterior margin nearly straight c. .80 cm. long, posterior margin roundly curved c. 3.40 cm. long, c. 1 cm. wide, c. 7-nerved, pale brown spotted white, posterior margin white; midlobe clawed, margins entire, claw linear snow white with a median cuneate dark brown streak ending at apex in a transverse linear dark brown bar margins dark brown c. .50 cm. long 1.45 cm. wide, blade shortly broadly ovate roundly obtuse fleshy elevate in middle into a triangular tumid grooved patch white c. 1 cm. long c. 1.90 cm. wide. Column erect curved from below the middle, pale greenish yellow darker towards the base, base excepted suffused pale brown in lower half especially on the margins, wings broad truncate whitish, hood triangular shortly acuminate acute margins with a few inconspicuous teeth whitish, the whole c. 3.50 cm. tall, base slightly produced fleshy bright red-brown; clinandrium deeply conic-excavate ; rostellum transversely oblong, whitish with a dull brown transverse narrow bar near apex, abruptly narrowed to the roundly triangular obtuse beak, the whole c. .50 cm. long and as wide; stigma quadrate, excavate, yellowish, anterior margin brown. Anther conic, 2-celled, seen from the front quadrate, bright cream, elevate above base into a conic obtuse papillose whitish boss, produced at apex into a short triangular obtuse transparently whitish beak, c. .45 cm. tall, including beak c. .70 cm. long, c. .50 cm. wide. Ovary short, curved, scurfy, ribs 6 conspicuous acute-angled, dull whitish green, c. .70 cm. long, pedicel terete whitish green c. .30 em. long. Vol..VII. (1982). 4 C. E.. CABR, Pahang, Tembeling, on Saraca bijuga. ; This is an attractive species of the affinity of C. speciosa, Lndl. and C. xyrekes, Ridl.° It is, however, per- haps nearer to C. celebensis, J. J. S. from the Celebes which it resembles in general colour, but from that species it differs in the shorter fewer-flowered inflorescence, the shorter broader sepals and the keels of the lip which, while distinct, approach nearer to those of C. speciosa, Lndl. Oberonia anthropophora, Lndl. in Wall. Cat. n. 1951; Gen. and sp. Orch. 16; Fol. Orch. Oberon. 7; Hook/ iii Brit. Ind. v (1888) 684. . As a synonym the following should be added—: O. aurantiaca, Ridl. in Journ. Bot. 1898, 210; Mat. 1.18; FI. Mal. Pen. IV, 15. Distribution: Tenasserim. Oberonia laeta, J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. Ser. III vol. IX, 40. Singapore (Corner) epiphytic in mangrove swamps. Pahang, Cheka river, on Saraca. Hitherto unrecorded from the Peninsula. Distribution :—Java. Oberonia pumilio, Rchb. f. in Bonpl. v (1857) 58; J.J.S. Fl. Buit. vi (Orch.) 246: O. Treubii, Ridl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxii (1896) 219; J. J. S. Fl. Buit. vi (Orch.) 242, Atlas n. CLXXVIII: Malaxis pumilio, Rehb. f. Walp Ann. vi, 216. Pahang, Fraser Hill at about 3,500 feet altitude. New to the Peninsula. Distribution :—Java and Sumatra. Oberonia semifimbriata, J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit Ser. [II vol. x, 46. Pahang, Tembeling, on Hevea. In the Tembeling plants the colour of the sepals and petals is rose while that of lip and column is deep rose. The anther is pale yellowish white with a median brownish keel above. In fresh flowers the dorsal sepal measures, including the fimbriae, c. .18 cm. long, c. .09 cm. wide, the lateral sepals c. .10 cm. long, c. .12 cm. wide, the petals c. .125 cm. long, c. .08 cm. wide. The plant is new to the Peninsula. Distribution :—Sumatra. Microstylis reniloba, sp. nov. Caulis validus basi vaginis tectus. Folia 6-7, oblique ovato-lanceolata, breviter acumi- Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Some Malayan Orchids, ITI. 5 nata, acuta, subplicata, vaginis basi tubulosis supra patenti- bus. Inflorescentia terminalis, pedunculo plus minusve quadrilaterali, rachide multisulcata dense multiflora. Brac- teae lanceolatae, acutae. Sepalum dorsale ovato-oblongum, obtusum. Sepala lateralia subfalcata, late elliptica, obtusa. Petala subfalcata, oblanceolatolinearia, retusa. Labellum trilobum, edenticulatum, basi fovea parva oblonga incras- satione semilunata cincta, lobis lateralibus reniformibus basi leviter incurvis obtusis, lobo intermedio triangulari leviter acuminato obtuso. Gynostemium breve, decurvo, alis magnis oblongis obtusis. Stem stout, base covered with leaf sheaths, up to c. 13 em. long, 1.50 cm. diam. Leaves 6-7, obliquely ovate- lanceolate, shortly acuminate, acute, subplicate, margins undulate, rather shiny bright green above sometimes suf- fused purple when young, beneath pale grey-green with c. 5-6 prominent nerves, the nerves often suffused purple, up to c. 17 cm. long, c. 6.75 cm. wide the upper one much smaller; sheaths tubular at the base the apical part spread- ing and forming an acute angle with the stem, deeply con- cave with incurved margins, sometimes suffused purple, up to 5 em. long. Inflorescence terminal, peduncle more or less 4-sided purple c. 5.50 cm. long, rachis many-grooved densely many-flowered up to 9 cm. long or more. . Bracts at first spreading then recurved appressed to the rachis, lanceolate, acuminate, acute, green, c. .70 cm. long, c. .25 cm. wide. Flowers well expanded, c. 1 cm. long and as broad. Sepals and petals green. Dorsal sepal erect, apex a little recurved, ovate-oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved, convex inside, concave outside, c. .72 cm. long, c. .36 cm. wide. Lateral sepals appressed to the underside of the lip, sub- falcate, broadly elliptic, obtuse, 3-5-nerved, concave inside, cucullately convex outside towards the apex, c. .60 cm. long, ec. .35 wide. Petals spreading, subfalcate, oblanceolate-li- near, apex retuse, l-nerved, margins strongly revolute, con- cave outside, c. .68 cm. long, c. .18 cm. wide. Lip 3-lobed, not toothed, a very small oblong fovea surrounded by a semilunate ridge at the base shiny bright green suffused - darker from base of midlobe, spread out c. .75 em. long - from the tips of the auricles to the apex of the midlobe, ec. .90 cm. wide across the side lobes; side lobes reniform, the base produced to a rounded slightly incurved obtuse auricle, c. .28 em. long, many-nerved; midlobe triangular, slightly acuminate, obtuse, dark green c. .20 cm. long, c. .30 cm. wide. Column short, decurved dark green, arms large oblong obtuse. Ovary 6-grooved, curved to form a right angle with the pedicel, with pedicel c. 1 cm. long. . Perlis, on limestone (M. R. Henderson). Cultivated in H. B. Singapore. Vol. VII. (1932). 6 C. E. CARR. This is allied to M. Wallichii Lndl. from which it differs in the entire miblobe with a very distinct angular sinus between the lobes and in the colour. From the Siamese M. sutepensis, Rolfe it is distinguished by the broader sepals and petals and the much broader distinctly 3-lobed lip. Described from living plants. Liparis rhombea, J. J. S. in Bull. Dep. Agr. Ind. Néerl. XLITI (1910) 35; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. Sér 3 vol) Viste eee sh _ Pahang, Tembeling. This pretty little plant, now ~ recorded in the Peninsula for the first time, occurs rather uncommonly on Saraca and other small trees in the forest. Distribution :—Java. Agrostophyllum cyathiforme, J. J. S. in Fl. Buit. VI Orch. (1905) 291; Pahang, Fraser Hill, altitude c. 4,000 ft.; hitherto unrecorded from the Peninsula. Distribution :—Java. Agrostophyllum tenue, J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot, Buit. 2nd Ser. xxvi (1918), 236 te Sradser. ve teen Pahang, Fraser Hill at 4,000 feet altitude. The first record for the Peninsula. Distribution :—Java. Ceratostylis gracilis, Bl. Bijdr. 306; Lndl. Gen. x Sp. Orch. 231;.Miq.. Fl. Ind. Bat.Iil. 706; J. J-S: 40 2 bp VI Orch. (1905) 300; Atlas No. CCX XX. Pahang, Fraser Hill, altitude c. 3,500 feet; the first record for the Peninsula. Distribution :—Java. Diplocaulobium malayanum, sp. nov. Pseudobulbi approximati, e basi apicem versus exterius decrescentes, apice dilatato, 1-folii. Folium anguste ellipticum, base subtortum profunde sulcatum. Inflorescentiae ex apice pseudobulbi fasciculatae, uniflorae. Sepalum dorsale e basi triangulari longe subulato-acuminatum, acutum. Sepala lateralia pedi gynostemii adnata mentum incurvum ob- longum obtusum formantia, super basin valde furcata tri- angularia, longe subulato-acuminata, acuta, margine antico super basin rotundate dilatato. Petala linearia, sub medio subulato-acuminata, acuta. Labellum 3-lobum, carinibus 3 e basi usque ad apicem unguis lobi intermedi attingentibus, carina intermedia humili recta, exterioribus conspicuis basi rectis super basin sinuosis; lobi laterales triangulares, obtusi, margine postico curvulo; lobus intermedius usque ad medium fere unguiculatus, lamina abrupte dilatata triangu- lari obtusa. ; Gardens Bulletin, S.S Some Malayan Orchids, III. q Pseudobulbs approximate, erect, cylindric above the fusiform base, tapering towards the dilate apex, laterally flattened, the old ones longitudinally wrinkled, yellow-green, c. 25 em. long, c. .85 wide above the base, l-leaved. Leaf erect, narrowly elliptic, base subtwisted deeply grooved above, keeled beneath, with c. 4-5 elevate nerves on each side when dry, green, c. 16 cm. long, c. 2.10 cm. wide. Inflorescences from tufts of large dry sheaths at the apex of the pseudobulb, fascicled, appressed to the base of the leaf, erect, 1-flowered. Flower rather small for the genus, well expanded. Upper sepal long subulate-acuminate from the triangular base, acute, 5-nerved, furfuraceo-punctate, margins incurved, deeply concave inside, highly convex out- side, c. 2.70 cm. long, c. .30 em. wide at the base. Lateral sepals adnate to the column foot and forming with it an incurved oblong obtuse mentum, strongly falcately curved above the base, triangular, long subulate-acuminate, acute, 5-nerved, furfuraceo-punctate, margins incurved the an- terior margin dilate above the base into an oblong slightly rounded obtuse lobe, deeply concave inside, highly convex outside, c. 2.70 cm. long, c. .40 cm. wide at the base, mentum c..30cm. long. Petals linear, long subulate-acuminate from below the middle, acute, 3-nerved, very sparsely fur- furaceo-punctate, margins incurved, deeply concave inside, highly convex outside, c. 2.55 cm. long, c. .15 wide. Lip 3-lobed, base erect, right-angularly recurved above, keels 3 on the blade raching to the apex of the claw of the midlobe, the median keel low and straight, the outer ones straight at the base then conspicuously elevate sinuous, spread out c. 1.20 cm. long, c. .50 cm. wide across the side lobes; side lobes triangular, obtuse, the posterior margin curved; midlobe clawed, the claw oblong ec. .30 cm. long, blade abruptly dilate triangular obtuse c. .50 cm. long and as papas: Column arched, clinandrium excavate, c. .28 cm. ong. Johore (J. Laycock). The exact locality is not known. Described from a living pseudobulb and leaf and a flower preserved in spirit. Desmotrichum compressibulbum, sp. nov. Rhizoma breve, ramosissimum. Caules erecti velpatentes, ramosi, primario internodis basalibus 3-4 subteretibus leviter lateraliter compressis apicem versus dilatatis internodo apicali super basin in pseudobulbum ovatum vel ellipticum valde lateraliter compressum carinatum abrupte dilatato unifolio, ceteris similibus. Folium ovato-lanceolatum, bre- viter bidentatum. Inflorescentiae e squamis siccis apici pseudobulbi pone folium gestatae, breves, uniflorae. Sepalum dorsale oblongum, obtusum, brevissime conico- Vol. VII. (1932). 8 C. E. CARR. apiculatum. Sepala lateralia triangulari-oblonga, subacuta, brevissime conico-apiculata, margine antico in lobum bre- vissimum triangularem obtusissimum producto, mento conico obtuso. Petala lanceolata, acuminata, subacuta. Labellum 3-lobum, lobis lateralibus triangularibus obtusis margine antico suberoso, lobo intermedio unguiculato ungué lineari lamina profunde bilobata lobis falcatis oblongis obtusis, carinis inter lobos laterales 3 exterioribus super unguem lobi intermedii sinuosis ceterum rectis. Gynoste- mium brevissimum, brachiis linearibus, pede longo lineari apici incrassatione humili donato marginibus incrassatis. Rhizome short, creeping, much branched, shinily green, c. .45 cm. diam., internodes .10-.20 cm. long. Stems c. 4 cm. distant, erect or spreading, branched, shinily yellow-green, ce. 13 cm. long; primary stem covered at first with tubular membraneous sheaths, basal internodes 3-4 subterete slightly laterally flattened dilate towards apex shinily yellow-green .30-2 cm. long a brown ring at each node, apical inter- node abruptly thickened above base into a pseudobulb ovate or elliptic strongly laterally flattened longitudinally wrinkl- ed keeled in front and on back the front keel produced and incurved at apex up to c. 3.50 cm. long c. 2 cm. wide c. .70 cm. thick 1-leaved, upper stems similar but with fewer inter- nodes and towards apex smaller pseudobulbs. Leaf erect or spreading, ovate-lanceolate, shortly narrowly obtusely bidentate, coriaceous, margins sometimes slightly revolute, above grooved shinily dark green with c. 10 fairly conspicu- ous yellowish nerves, below opaque grey-green strongly keeled, base very shortly narrowed slightly twisted, c. 8 cm. long, c. 3.50 em. wide. Inflorescences from behind rarely before the leaf, fasciculate, short 1-flowered, base surround- ed by dry sheaths, peduncle terete c. .75 cm. long sheath tubular c. .67 em. long. Bract very short, appressed to pedicel, triangular, acute, c. .10 cm. long and as wide. Sepals and petals pale ochre-yellow. Dorsal sepal recurved from below middle, oblong, obtuse, very shortly conic- apiculate, 5-nerved nerves branched, inside convex, outside concave scurf-dotted keeled the keel more conspicuous towards the base, c. .90 em. long, c. .50 em. wide. Lateral sepals running down to apex of column foot, recurved above middle, triangular-oblong, subacute, very shortly conic- apiculate, 7-nerved nerves branched, inside concave towards base convex towards apex, outside convex towards base concave towards apex scurf-dotted, anterior margin pro- duced at base to a very short triangular obtuse lobule c. .20 cm. long, anterior margin c. 1.30 cm. posterior c. 1 cm. long, c. .66 cm. wide at base of posterior margin, mentum conic obtuse slightly incurved towards apex c. .60 cm. long. Petals subparallel, lanceolate, acuminate, subacute, 3-nerved nerves branched, irregularly marginate, inside slightly — Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Some Malayan Orchids, III. 9 convex, outside slightly concave, c. .70 cm. long, c. .38 cm. wide. Lip adnate to apex of column foot, 3-lobed, recurved above side lobes, keels 3 from base almost reaching to apex of claw of midlobe, outer keels straight between side lobes strongly sinuate on claw of midlobe, median keel very in- conspicuous in basal half papillose in middle conspicuous above middle and dilate caruncled towards apex, the whole spread out c. 1.60 cm. long, c. 1 cm. wide across side lobes; side lobes erect, triangular, obtuse, anterior margin suberose ec. .35 cm. long, posterior margin c. .70 cm. long, pale ochre- vellow; midlobe clawed, claw linear margins slightly dilate and sinuate towards apex pale ochre-yellow c. .45 cm. long c. .380 cm. wide, blade abruptly dilate bilobed almost to base with the sinus between lobes rounded, lobes falcate oblong obtuse posterior margin suberose bright ochre-yellow c. .55 cm. long c. .30 em. wide, whole blade c. .65 cm. long c. .60 cm. wide. Column very short, stout, pale yellowish, c. .25 cm. long, c. .385 em. wide at the stigma, arms erect linear slightly diverging narrowed towards apex, clinandrium deeply ex- cavate transversely oval, rostellum yellow-green, stigma large excavate transversely oval. Anther conic, retuse, 2-celled, keeled in front, produced to a short broad truncate ciliolate white beak, bright green, c. .15 cm. tall and as broad. Pollinia 4, linear-obovate, laterally flattened, yellow. Column foot long, linear, incurved below middle, margins ~ thickened in the form of a keel, inside concave with a low orange thickened area (nectary) at apex, pale ochre-yellow, c. .50 cm. long, c. .30 cm. wide. Ovary 6-grooved, densely scurfdotted, c. .70 cm. long. Pahang, Fraser Hill in the upper Jeriau valley, alti- tude c. 3,500 feet. This species is a close ally of D. pallidiflorum, Ridl., a low country plant. It is at once distinguished, however, by the much larger size of the plant, the broad strongly laterally flattened pseudobulbs, the broader leaves, and the structure of the lip. The claw of the midlobe in D. compressibulbum, Carr is linear, very slightly dilate at the actual apex and is more than twice as long as in D. pallidiflorum, Ridl. in which species it widens upwards from the base. The outer keels in the present plant are more than twice as tall as in D. pallidiflorum, Ridl. , Described from living material. Desmotrichum luxurians, new comb. Dendrobium luxurians, J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. Ser. 3 (1921) Boa, 4. f If. Pahang, Tembeling. Distribution :—Java and Borneo. Vol. VII. (1932). 10 C. E. CARR. Dendrobium (§ Distichophyllae) metachilinum, Rehb. f. var. crenulatum, var. nov. This differs from the typical plant in the more slender rather curved mentum and in the midlobe of the lip the margins of which are crenulate and not nearly so fleshy. Cultivated in H. B. Singapore, origin Johore. Dendrobium (§Bolbodium) striatellum, sp. nov. Planta parva, caespitosa. Caules approximati, erecti suberective, e basi terete fusiformes, canaliculati, apici 2-folii. Folia lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata, obtusa, carnosa. Flores e squamis siccis inter folia intervallis singulatim gestati. Sepalum dorsale triangulari-ovatum, apiculatum. Sepala lateralia triangularia apiculata, mento cylindrico ventre applanato sub apice breviter conico distincte angustato. Petala linearia vel lineari-oblanceolata, obtusa. Labellum integrum, obovato-oblongum, brevissime retusum, carina media lata humili tenuiter canaliculata e basi sub apice fascia semilunata verrucoso-pustulosa terminata. Brachia gynostemii triangularia acuta. Pes gynostemii oblongus, carina media sub apice pulvinum quadratum tumidum ferente. A small tufted plant. Rhizome short, creeping, © branched, copiously rooting, roots elongate filiform much branched. Stems approximate, erect or suberect, at first covered with membraneous sheaths, olive-yellow often suf- fused red, up to c. 7.50 cm. long, internodes 6, basal 2 internodes very short terete, third and fourth longer terete thickened upwards up to respectively .80 and 2 cm. long, fifth internode supporting the lower leaf from base to c. .80 cm. terete grooved then thickened fusiform with ec. 8 cons- picuous ribs separated by wide grooves, upper internode very short supporting the upper leaf. Leaves 2, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, apex obtuse with a minute seta or sometimes oblique, fleshy, above convex on each side of a median groove dark green sometimes tinted red, beneath slightly concave on each side of af fairly conspicuous median keel paler, lower one larger up to c. 3.20 cm. long, c. 1.20 em. wide, petiole broad concave not very fleshy c. .30 cm. long. Flowers appearing singly at intervals from tufts of dry bracts between the leaves, each stem bearing up to c. 6 tufts in a bundle. Sepals and petals white with some very inconspicuous red-purple streaks towards base. Dorsal sepal triangular-ovate, apiculate, apiculus low conic obtuse, c. 5-nerved nerves branched, outside sparsely furfuraceous, c. .59 em. long, c. .29 cm. Lateral sepals adnate to column foot forming a mentum ec. .35 em. long cylindric flattened in front distinctly narrowed below the short conic grooved apex, triangular, apiculate, apiculus low conic obtuse, c. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. a '- | ‘a > 4 Some Malayan Orchids, III. 11 5-nerved nerves branched, outside sparsely furfuraceous, c. 59 cm. long, c. .50 cm. wide, anterior margin c. 1.60 cm. long produced to a narrowly triangular lobe. Petals linear or linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, 3-nerved nerves branched, c. .57 cm. long, c. .15 cm. wide. Lip adnate to apex of column foot, obovate-oblong, very shortly retuse, 3-nerved nerves much branched, a broad low shallowly grooved keel from base ending below apex in a semi-lunate pale orange verrucoso-pustular patch, warty and papillose towards apex, margins undulate above base thickened warty and papillose towards apex, white, nerves and margins red- purple, spread out c. 1.27 cm. long, c. .65 cm. wide. Column very short, whitish, arms triangular acute cream, c. .15 cm. tall, clinandrium quadrate deeply excavate, rostellum trans- versely oblong, stigma deeply excavate quadrate. Anther conic, rather flattened in front, seen from the front quad- rate, 2-celled apex produced to a short truncate-retuse minutely toothed beak, c. .138 cm. long and as broad. Column foot oblong, incurved above middle, whitish, a median red- purple keel supporting below the apex a small quadrate tumid yellow cushion, margins incrassate in the form of a red-purple keel, sparingly furfuranceo-punctate on back, c. 1.35 cm. long, c. .38 cm. wide. Ovary conspicuously nar- rowly 6-ribbed, furfuraceo-puncticulate, cream, c. .20 cm. long, pedicel terete slightly thickened upwards, sparingly - scurfy, whitish, c. .90 cm. long. Kelantan, Gua Musang, altitude c. 500 feet. Flowered at Tembeling on September 9th 1929, one day before D. pumilum, Roxb. and a few days after D. quadrangulare, Par. ; It is very close to D. pumilum, Roxb. but it is a stouter plant, the flower has a narrower mentum and the lip is much more pustular and papillose with the median keel more conspicuous. The colour is different, the sepals and petals being unmarked while the streaks on the lip are much shorter and, together with those on the column, are of a bright red-purple. It further differs in~ the flowering periods. Dendrobium (§Bolbodium) procumbens, sp. nov. Rhizoma repens, ramosum. Caules alternati, procum- bentes, internodiis 4 basalibus 2 teretibus tertio valde dilatato subgloboso vel quadrilateraliter cylindrico lateribus concavis, apici 2-folii. Folia oblonga, oblongo-ovata vel oblongo-lanceolata, obtusa vel brevissime inaequaliter obtuse bilobata. Flores e squamis siccis inter folia intervallis singulatim gestati. Sepalum dorsale late lanceolatum, acutum. Sepala lateralia rotundate triangularia obtusa, mento brevi conico obtuso. Petala lineari-lanceolata, acuta. Vol. VII. (1932). i 4 C. E. CARR. Labellum oblongo-obovatum, apici breviter bilobatum, apicem versus pustulosum, marginibus undulatis apicem versus denticulatis et conspicue pustulosis, carina media lata canaliculata pustulosa apici grosse pustulosa. Pes gynostemii elongatus, oblongus, carina media sub apice pulvinum quadratum tumidum verrucosum ferente, margini- bus in forma carinae incrassatis. Rhizome creeping, terete, branched, rooting, at first covered with tubular membraneous sheaths breaking up later into fibres, c. .12-.20 cm. diam., internodes c. .15-.30 cm. long. Stems alternate, procumbent, apex 2-leaved, internodes 4 basal 2 terete thickened upwards c. .18-.28 cm. long third internode much thickened above the terete base in the form of a pseudobulb subglobose or quadrilaterally cylindric dilate above base of thickened part sides broadly concave base covered at first with 2 tubular membraneous sheaths 1-2.50 cm. long c. .68-.85 cm. diam. apex supporting the lower leaf upper internode very short supporting the upper leaf. Leaves oblong, oblong-ovate or oblong-lanceo- late, apex obtuse or very shortly unequally obtusely bilobed, very fleshy, above convex on each side of a median groove, beneath convex on each side of a median keel, lower one larger c. 1.40-2.20 cm. long, c. .90-1.20 cm. wide, petiole very short fleshy grooved up to c. .15 cm. long. Flowers from between the leaves at apex of stem, appearing singly from a tuft of dry bracts. Dorsal sepal broadly lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved nerves branched, outside at base furfuraceo- punctate, c. .70-.90 em. long, c. .35-.45 em. wide. Lateral sepals adnate to column foot forming a short conic obtuse mentum, roundly triangular, obtuse, nerves 5 much branch- ed, outside sparsely furfuraceo-punctate, posterior margin .70-.90 em. long, anterior margin produced curved forming a triangular lobe c. 1.70 em. long. Petals linear-lanceolate, acute, 1-nerved the nerve branching on each side from near the base with many short branches above, .70-.90 cm. long, .17-.22 cm. wide. Lip adnate to apex of column foot, oblong- obovate, apex shortly roundly bilobed 3-nerved the outer nerves much branched, towards apex pustular, margins undulate towards apex toothed and conspicuously pustular remainder inconspicuously pustular, median keel broad low grooved sparsely warty apex conspicuously pustular, spread out c. 2 em. long, c. 1.10 cm. wide, keels c. 1.60 cm. long. Column very short, broad, c. .15 cm. tall, back broadly retuse, clinandrium excavate transversely oblong, rostellum short broad, stigma excavate transversely oblong. Anther conic, flattened in front and behind, seen from the front roundly sub-quadrate, beak very short roundly truncate, 2-celled cells small narrow, c. .19 cm. tall. Column foot elongate. oblong, incurved below middle, inside deeply con- cave with a median keel supporting near the apex a quadrate Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Some Malayan Orchids, ITI. 13 tumid warty cushion, margins thickened in the form of a keel, outside strongly keeled along the middle, c. 1.30 cm. long, c. .70 cm. wide. Ovary 6-sulcate, .30-.40 cm. long, pedicel terete 1.20-1.40 cm. long. Pahang, Cameron Highlands, altitude c. 4,800 feet, April 2nd 1930, No. 23325 and A 473 (Holttum and Hen- derson). ‘“‘Sepals, petals and mentum pale yellow flushed pink within, veined pink outside. Lip pale yellow with a slightly darker callus.” A distinct species with rather long-creeping rhizome and short much swollen stems. Dendrobium (§ Bolbodium) ustulatum, sp. nov. Rhizoma repens, ramosum. Caules subapproximati, alter- nati, procumbentes, brevissimi, 2-folii, internodiis 3 intermedio e basi abrupte dilatato quadrilateraliter oblong- globoso. Folia ovato-oblonga, subacuta vel minute inaequ- aliter bilobulata, crasse carnosa. Flores e squamis siccis inter folia intervallis singulatim gestati. Sepalum dorsale anguste triangulari-ovatum, subacutum vel anguste apicula- tum. Sepala lateralia rotundate triangularia, obtusa vel obtuse apiculata, mento brevissimo conico obtuso canali- culato. Petala linearia, breviter acuminata, subacuta. Labellum cuneato-oblongum, apicem versus papillosum et pustulosum, marginibus apicem versus incrassatis denti- culatis crispis, apice retuso, carina media conspicua lata suleata sub apice fascia parva pustulosa terminante. ~Gynostemium breve, brachiis percarnosis truncatis medium prope in dentem brevem productis. Pes gynostemii linearis, marginibus incrassatis, carina media sub apice pulvinum parvum pustulosum ferente. Rhizome creeping, branched, rooting, c. .20 cm. diam., internodes c. .20 cm. long. Stems subapproximate, alter- nate, procumbent, internodes 3 basal one terete dilate up- wards .15-.40 cm. long, upper one very short supporting the upper leaf, median internode abruptly dilate from base quadrilaterally oblong-globose slightly rugose .60-1 cm. tall .40-.60 cm. wide .30-.50 cm. thick or elongate narrow quadrilaterally cylindric up to c. 1.75 cm. long, c. .27 cm. wide, c. .19 cm. thick, olive-yellow, supporting the lower leaf. Leaves 2, lower one larger, ovate-oblong, subacute or minutely unequally bilobed, very fleshy, above convex on each side of a median groove, beneath rather flat on each side of a median keel, dark green sometimes suffused red, 1-1.50 cm. long, .50-.90 cm. wide, base twisted, petiole very short fleshy grooved up to c. .10 cm. long. Flowers appear- ing singly at intervals from a tuft of dry bracts between the leaves, small, up to c. 1 cm. long. Dorsal sepal erect, slightly recurved towards apex, narrowly triangular-ovate, subacute or narrowly apiculate, 3-nerved nerves branched, Vol. VII. (1932). 14 C. E. CARR. outside sparsely furfuraceo-punctate, pale yellowish suffused purple towards apex, nerves pale purple, c. .42 cm. long, c. .20 cm. wide. Lateral sepals adnate to column foot, roundly triangular, obtuse or obtusely apiculate, a little reflexed towards apex, 5-nerved nerves branched, outside sparingly scurf-dotted, pale yellowish suffused pale purple towards apex, nerves pale purple, c. .30 cm. long, c. .25 cm. wide, anterior margin produced to a long triangular obtuse lobe c. .67 cm. long, mentum very short conic obtuse grooved pale yellowish veined pale purple. Petals linear, shortly acuminate, subacute, sub-3-nerved, pale yellowish with the median nerve pale purple, c. .38 cm. long, c. .09 cm. wide. Lip adnate to apex of column foot, cuneate-oblong, retuse, below apex rather abruptly dilate papillose and pustular especially towards margins, apical angles rounded, nerves 3 from base much branched above, margins towards apex thickened toothed pustular crisped, median keel from base conspicuous broad grooved ending at the dilate part in a small yellow-green pustular patch, whitish to pale greenish white towards apex, keels white, about 5 longitudinal purple veins outside in lower 2/3, c. .85 cm. long, c. .50 cm. wide at the dilate part. Column short, whitish, arms rather fleshy truncate with a short tooth near the middle, ec. .20 cm. tall, clinandrium rather deeply excavate transversely oblong, rostellum small rather fleshy semilunate truncate, stigma transversely oval. Anther conic, flattened in front, 2-celled, a short apical groove on back, c. .10 cm. long, c. .13 cm. wide. Pollinia 4, in unequal pairs, outside ones of each pair larger, obpyriform, flattened, concave inside, c. .07 cm. long. Column foot linear, incurved beyond middle, whitish, margins thickened purple, a median purple keel supporting bellow apex a small pustular yellow cushion, c. .75 cm. long, c. .25 cm. wide. Ovary 6-grooved, scurf-dotted, c. .20 cm. long, pedicel terete c. .80 cm. long. Pahang, Fraser Hill at Ulu Jeriau, altitude c. 3,500 feet. This is the smallest species in the section that I know. It is most nearly related to the preceding. Dendrobium (§ Grastidium) indragiriense Schltr. in Fedde, Repert. IX, 164 (1911); D. tsomerum Schltr. in Engl Jahrb. XLV, Beibl. 104 (1911), 35; D. inconspicui- florum J. J.S.in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. Ser. 2, XXV (1917), 42; Carr in Gard. Bull. S. S. V (1929), pl. IV fig. B. According to Dr. J. J. Smith, his plant is identical with that described by Schlechter in the Repertorium. D. isomerum Schltr. is a peloric state. Bulbophyllum armeniacum, J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. Ser. 2. XXV (1917), 70. Pahang, Fraser Hill, alti- Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Some Malayan Orchids, III. 15 tude c. 4,000 feet, a single plant growing on a fallen tree at the top of the path to Pine Tree Hill, June 1928. his is the first record from the Peninsula. Distribution :—Sumatra. Bulbophyllum (§ Globiceps) poekilon, sp. nov. Rhizo- ma gracile, breviter repens. Pseudobulbi approximati, pro- cumbentes, ad rhizoma adnati, dorso complanati, 1-folii. Folium ellipticum vel oblanceolato-ellipticum, acutum. In- florescentia e basi pseudobulbi, brevis, dense c. 12-florae. Bracteae ovatae, breviter acuminatae, acutissimae. Flores vix expansi, carnosuli. Sepalum dorsale lanceolatum, acutum, papillosum et breviter pilosum. Sepala lateralia faleata, triangularia, acuta, dense breviter pilosa. Petala unguiculata, super unguem elliptica obtusa, ungue excepto minute papillosa, marginibus ungue excepto ciliolatis. Labellum immobile, 3-lobum, intus omnino transverse lamellato-rugulosum, extus dense papillosum, marginibus ciliolatis, lobis lateralibus erectis triangularibus subacutis, lobo intermedio lanceolato subacuto. Gynostemium breve, e basi clavato-dilatatum, alis magnis quadratis, pede lineari basi in gibbum latum humilem conicum elevato. Rhizome slender, creeping, slightly branched, copiously rooting from base of pseudobulbs. Pseudobulbs approxi- mate, prostrate, adnate to the rhizome, oblong, flattened on back, longitudinally wrinkled when old, dull olive often suffused red, c. .60 cm. long, c. .45 cm. wide, ec. .35 cm. thick, l-leaved. Leaf elliptic or oblanceolate-elliptic, apex acute icurved, base slightiy twisted, thickly fleshy, above grooved dark green often suffused red, beneath keeled often entirely red with the margins and keel darker, 2-3.50 em. long, 1.25- 1.80 cm. wide, petiole grooved often dark red .03-.10 cm. long. Inflorescence from base of pseudobulb, very short, densely c. 12-flowered; peduncle hardly exsert from the sheath of the pseudcbulb, covered with membraneous tubu- lar sheaths, stout, green suffused red, c. .50 cm. long; rachis thickened, entirely concealed by the congested flowers, green suffused red, c. .50 cm. long. Bracts ovate, shortly acuminate, very acute, much exceeding (c. 3 times) the Ovary, appressed to ovary and base of sepals, margins towards apex slightly erose, inside concave, outside convex keeled, bright purple, c. .40 cm. long, c. .32 cm. wide. Flowers hardly expanded, rather fleshy. Sepals and petals pale greenish densely spotted dark red inside. Dorsal sepal porrect, lanceolate, acute, base thickened, inside concave densely papillose except at base, outside convex papillose and shortly hairy, c. .48 cm. long, c. .20 cm. wide. Lateral sepals running to below apex of column foot, porrect below the lip, faleate, triangular-ovate, acute, base thickened, anterior margins incurved contiguous in basal half parallel Vol. VII. (1932). 16 C.. E. CARR: in upper half, posterior margins strongly incurved nearly contiguous towards the base to the margins of the upper sepal, inside convex towards anterior margin acutangularly concave towards posterior margin base excepted densely shortly hairy, outside convex papillose and shortly hairy, c. .53 cm. long, c. .88 cm. wide. Petals base clawed, claw linear, above elliptic obtuse, claw excepted minutely hairy, margins with exception of claw ciliolate, inside concave, outside con- vex, c. .30 cm. long, c. .10 cm. wide, claw ce. .08 cm. long. Lip adnate to apex of column foot, immobile, 3-lobed, inside grooved from base to middlle of midlobe densely transversely lamellato-rugulose, outside conspicuously transversely grooved at base densely papillose, margins of lobes ciliolate, spread out c. .22 cm. long c. .18 cm. wide across the side lobes; side lobes very small erect triangular subacute greenish suffused and spotted dark red; midlobe lanceolate, subacute, recurved above base, inside in basal 2/3 deeply concave elevate near the margins in the form of a keel con- vex towards apex, greenish spotted red. Column short, clavate-dilate from the base, wings subporrect quadrate truncate from a narrower base, bright yellow-green, c. .11 cm. long, rostellum semilunate, stigma _ suborbicular. Anther cucullate, 2-celled, strongly carinato-elevate above, seen from above transversely suboval, bright yellow, c. .03 em. long, c. .04 cm. wide. Pollinia 4 cohering in 2 diverging cuneate-ovoid bodies, pale yellow, c. .02 cm. long. Column foot making an obtuse almost a right angle with the column, linear, dark red, incurved towards the abruptly attenuate whitish apex, a broad low conic red gibbus at base. Ovary 6-grooved, dilate from a narrow base, very short, roundly curved, yellow-green. Pahang, Fraser Hill on tall trees at an altitude of c. 4,000 feet. This is a curious little plant much resembling when sterile B. purpurascens, T. & B. Bulbophyllum (§ Hpicrianthes) Corneri, sp. nov. Rhizoma pendulum. Pseudobulbi alternati, quadrilateraliter ovoidei lateribus concavis, unifolii. Folium ellipticum, | obtusum, carnosum, marginibus recurvis. Inflorescentiae c. 3 e basi pseudobulbi, fasciculatae, uniflorae. Sepala ovata, breviter acuminata, acuta, marginibus angulatis at- tenuatis concavis. Petala brevissima, apici biloba, lobis appendices 3 lineares obtusos papillosos ferentibus, appen- dice 1 in sinu lato addito. Labellum mobile, integrum, ovoideum, acutum, supra et subtus suleatum, marginibus basi in lobum magnum rotundatum productis, ultra lobos basales omnino puberulum, lateribus super lobos in pulvi- num obliquum vesiculosum dilatatis. Gynostemium rectum, alis triangularibus obtusis margine postico minute denti- culato, marginibus clinandrii dentatis. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Some Malayan Orchids, III. 17 Rhizome pendulous, slightly sinuous, densely rooting at base with a few extra roots above, basa! roots appressed to the substratum upper roots appressed to the rnizome, covered with dry sheaths, up to c. 22 cm. iong, c. .20 cm. diam. Pseudobulbs up to c. 2 cm. distant, alternate, form- ing an acute angle with the rhizome, quadrilaterally ovoid, sides concave, wrinkled, almost covered with a large dry sheath, sometimes slightly curved, ye.low-green, up to c. 1.30 cm. long, c. .50 cm. diam., l-leaved. Leaf horizontally spreading, elliptic, apex obtuse slightly recurved, very fleshy, wrinkled when old, margins recurved, above convex grooved, beneath concave keeled, base slightly twisted, vellow-green or bright green duller beneath, c. 3.85 cm. long, c. 1.60 em. wide, petiole grooved fleshy c. .05 cm. long. Inflorescences c. 3 from base of pseudobulb, fasciculate, covered by the sheath of the pseudobulb, appearing singly at intervals, short, 1-flowered, peduncle terete c. .45 cm. long. Bract tubular, apex abruptly acuminate very acute. Flower curved upwards, widely expanded, lasting 1 day. Sepals slightly recurved from base, laterals running to about the middle of the column foot, ovate, shortly acumi- nate, acute, fleshy, base 5- above 7-nerved, margins angu- larly attenuate concave outside incurved towards apex, pale ochre or olive-ochre heavily dotted and suffused pale rose inside except on margins, c. .55 cm. long, c. .29 cm. wide. Petals very short, 2-lobed from near the base with a broad sinus between the lobes, bright rose, lobes diverging apex curved outwards bearing 3 stipitate appendages with one extra in the sinus, posterior lobe oblong-ovate posterior margin. slightly dilate above base c. .05 long anterior lobe shorter linear anterior margin abruptly triangularly dilate below apex, appendages linear obtuse rigid 1-nerved unequal grey covered with dark grey papillae up to c. .25 cm. long stipes filiform very short white, the whole excluding appen- dages c. .06 cm. long, c. .14 cm. wide at base. Lip stipitate on apex of column foot, mobile, entire, fleshy, ovoid, acute, basal 1/3 excepted entirely puberulous, above grooved to about the middle, 2 large rounded fleshy ereet lobes at base with the anterior margin produced above to a keel running to about the middle, a median elevate warty-tumid puberul- ous ridge running from about the middle to the apex, sides beyond the basal lobes swollen to a cushion bearing rows of dark red shiny vesicles running obliquely downwards to below the apex an inconspicuous puberulous keel from above the cushion to the apex, beneath transversely grooved at base swollen to 2 low rounded gibbi above base and grooved from above base to apex, dark red, ec. .87 em. long, c. .15 cm. diam. Column straight, white dotted red on back at apex, c. .15 cm. long, arms triangular obtuse the posterior margin minutely toothed, clinandrium excavate margins toothed, Vol. VII. (1932). 18 Ce CARE: stigma deeply excavate narrow linear. Anther transversely oval, shallowly 2-celled, pale ochre, beak ovate retuse highly convex bright ochre, a red spot on each side at base of beak, the whole c. .06 cm. long, c. .05 cm. wide. Pollinia 4 in 2 pairs, inner one of each pair smaller, outer ones seen from above elliptic flattened inside seen from the side oblong abruptly acuminate subacute, shinily bright yellow, c. .05 em. long. Column foot incurved about the middle, linear, fleshy, whitish yellow, c. .10 cm. long Ovary 6-grooved, scurf- dotted, pale olive, c. .25 cm. long, pedicel terete c. .25 cm. long. Singapore, Choa Chu Kang (Corner). This belongs to the affinity of B. acolo J sdcaeee and B. rigidifilum, J. J. S. both from Sumatra in which the appendages of the petals are rigid. From the former it differs in the colour of the sepals, the appendages of the petals which in the present plant are larger and do not taper to the apex and in the lip which here is acute and not entirely covered above the base with vesicles. Bulbophyllum (§ E’picrianthes) abbrevilabium, sp. nov. Rhizoma pendulum. Pseudobulbi alternati, quadri- lateraliter ovoidei, supra complanati, dorso lateribusque concavi, unifolii. Folium ellipticum, obtusum, crasse corlaceum, marginibus valde recurvis. Inflorescentiae e basi pseudobulbi, fasciculatae, vagina pseudobulbi omnino tectae, uniflorae. Sepalum dorsale oblongo-ellipticum, breviter acuminatum, acutum. Sepala lateralia oblongo- ovata, breviter acuminata, acuta. Petala brevissima, super basin biloba, lobis appendices 3-4 lanceolatos anguste obtusos l-nervios papillosos ferentibus, appendice 1 simili in sinu. Labellum mobile, integrum, ovoideum, subacutum, apicem versus supra subtusque leviter compressum e basi usque apicem fere canaliculatum, marginibus basi in lobum rotundatum dilatatis, lateribus super lobos pulvinum vesi- culosum ferentibus super pulvinos puberulis, supra sub apice verrucoso-tumidum. Gynostemium breve, rectum, alis triangularibus obtusis, margine clinandrii dentato. Rhizome pendulous, sinuous, covered with dry sheaths, basal roots very many appressed to the substratum, upper roots appressed to the rhizome, rarely branched, c. 22 cm. long or longer, .20-.25 cm. diam. Pseudobulbs 1.75-2.50 cm. distant, alternate, forming an acute angle with the rhizome, ovate-oblong or ovoid, distinctly 4-sided, minutely wrinkled, front broad flattened, sides more or less concave, back narrow deeply grooved, covered with an oblong acute dry sheath, olive-green densely suffused red or entirely reddish, 1-1.30 cm. long, front c. .60 cm. wide, sides and back c. .85 cm. wide, 1-leaved. Leaf recurved or horizon- Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Some Malayan Orchids, III. 19 tally expanded, elliptic, obtuse, thickly coriaceous, stiff, margins more or less strongly recurved, above convex grooved, beneath concave inconspicuously keeled, base strongly twisted, olive-green deeply suffused red or entirely reddish above, olive-green beneath, 3.50-4.25 cm. long, 1.60- 2.10 cm. wide, petiole grooved c. .10 cm. long. Inflorescences from base of pseudobulb, fascicled, covered by the sheath of the pseudobulb, 1-flowered, peduncle terete whitish c. .40 em. long. Bract infundibuliform, produced scurf-dotted on back c. .30 cm. long. Flowers widely expanded, lasting 1 day. Sepals ochreous densely suffused dark red, margins ochreous dotted dark red attenuate angied, reflexed from base. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic, shortly acuminate, acute, 5-nerved, outside scurf-dotted, c. .55 cm. long, c. .35 em. wide. Lateral sepals shortly running down the column foot, oblong-ovate, very shortly acuminate, acute, 5-nerved, outside scurf-dotted, c. .55 cm. long, c. 85 cm. wide. Petals very short, broad, 2-lobed from above the base with a broad sinus between the lobes, rose-pink, apex of lobes diverging curved outwards white, posterior lobe roundly triangular to about the middle then acuminate abruptly curved out- wards bearing above the middle 3-4 appendages, anterior lobe shorter triangular curved outwards at about the middle bearing 3-4 appendages in the upper half, an extra single appendage in the sinus of the lobes, appendages stipitate mobile lanceolate narrowly obtuse 1l-nerved subequal grey covered with minute dark grey papillae c. .25 cm. long stipes filiform white c. .05-.10 cm. long. Lip stipitate to apex of column foot, mobile, entire, ovoid, subacute, towards apex slightly flattened above and beneath, above grooved to below the apex thence warty tumid, 2 rounded fleshy erect lobes at base with margins produced above to a conspicuous keel reaching to beyond the middle, sides above the basal lobes swollen to a cushion bearing rows of shiny vesicles running obliquely downwards to beyond the middle puberulous a fairly conspicuous puberulous keel running from apex of cushion to apex of lip, beneath transversely grooved at point of insertion swollen above to 2 low rounded gibbi puberulous a median groove from base to below the apex, dark red, c. .27 cm. long, c. .09 em. diam. Column short, straight, arms triangular obtuse posterior margin irregular, base white, above dark red, c. .09 cm. tall, clinandrium excavate margin toothed, stigma deeply excavate narrow linear _ harrowed below. Anther oblong, beak convex truncate, pale yellow. Column foot very short, slightly incurved, base fleshy, apex attenuate, white. Ovary 6-grooved, scurf- ae c. .50 cm. long, pedicel terete scurf-dotted c. .20 cm. ong. Pahang, Sat river, on Dipterocarpus oblongifolius, altitude c. 500 feet. Vol. VII. (1932). 20 ©? KE: CARR: This plant is of the affinity of B. mobilifilum, Carr and B. papillosoflum, Carr with mobile petal appendages. It is, however, at once distinguished by its small size and by the curiously abbreviate lip. Described from living material. Bulbophyllum (§ Hpicrianthes) MHaniffii, sp. nov. Rhizoma pendulum. Pseudobulbi oblongi, quadrilaterales, lateribus leviter concavis, 1-folii. Folium etlipticum, obtusum, crasse coriaceum, marginibus recurvis. Inflorescentiae e basi pseudobulbi, fasciculatae, uniflorae. Sepala lanceolata, acuminata, acuta. Petala brevissima, super basin biloba, super medium appendices 3-4 lineari-lanceolatos opotusos 1-nervios papillosos ferentibus, appendice in sinu 0. Label- jum mobile, integrum, ovoideum, super medium abrupte acuminatum, acutum, supra subtusque canaliculatum, mar- ginibus basi in lcbum rotundatum erectum carnosum, super lobos basales omnino puberulum, lateribus super lobos in pulvinum vesicu!osum dilatatis. Gynostemium rectum, alis triangularibus margine postico ultra medium in dentem triangularem producto, margine clinandrii denticulato. Rhizome pendulous, sinuous, covered with dry sheaths, ec. .20 cm. diam. Pseudobulbs up to c. 2.50 cm. distant, forming an acute angle with the rhizome, oblong, 4-sided, sides slightly concave, wrinkled, covered with large dry sheaths, c. 1.30 cm. long, c. .40 cm. wide, c. .30 cm. thick, 1-leaved. Leaf horizontally spreading, elliptic, obtuse, thickly coriaceous, stiff, margins and apex recurved, above convex grooved, beneath concave keeled, base slightly twisted, c. 4.20 cm. long, up to c. 2.50 cm. wide, petiole grooved c. .05 em. long. Inflorescences from base of pseu- dobulb, fasciculate, covered by the sheaths of the pseudo- bulb, 1-flowered, peduncle terete .40-.50 cm. long. Bract tubular, c. .30 cm. !ong. Sepals reflexed from base, laterals running to below middle of column foot, lanceolate, acumi- nate, acute, base 5- above 7-nerved, margins angulate attenuate below apex incurved, scurf-dotted on back, c. .66 cm. long, c. .28 cm. wide. Petals very short, broad, 2-lobed from above the base with an obtuse-angled sinus between, lobes diverging apex slightly curved outwards narrowly triangular outer margins roundly dilate about the middle the posterior lobe bearing 38 the anterior 4 appendages towards the apex posterior c. .06 cm. long c. .02 cm. wide anterior as long but broader, appendages linear-lanceolate obtuse stipitate mobile 1-nerved densely papillose up to ce. .80 cm. long, appendage in sinus of lobes 0, stipes of appendages filiform up to c. .06 cm. long. Lip stipitate to apex of column foot, mobile, entire, ovoid, seen from the side abruptly acuminate above the middle, acute, grooved above and beneath for the whole length, 2 rounded fleshy erect Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Some Malayan Orchids, III. ar lobes at base with margins produced in front to a conspicu- ous keel running to about the middle then shortly verrucoso- tumid and evanescent, sides above the basal lobes swollen to a cushion bearing rows of shiny vesicles running obliquely downwards to beyond the middle, beneath at base a trans- verse groove and above the base 2 low rounded gibbi, basal lobes and gibbi excepted whole lip puberulous, c. .38 cm. long, c. .18 cm. diam. Column short, straight, arms trian- gular subacute the posterior margin produced beyond the middle to a short triangular tooth, c. .17 cm. tall, clinandrium excavate margins toothed, stigma deeply excavate narrow. Anther ovate with a median oblong boss above, shallowly 2-celled, beak abruptly right-angularly recurved oblong truncate highly convex. Pollinia 4 in 2 pairs, the outer ones of each pair larger, flattened inside, seen from the side ovate acute. Column foot roundly incurved, c. .10 cm. long. Ovary 6-grooved, scurf-dotted, with the terete pedicel c. .37 cm. long. Pulau Tikus, Penang (Haniff). This belongs to the group with mobile petal appendages. In the absence of an extra appendage between the petal lobes it agrees with B. mobilifilum, Carr but it is in all other respects very distinct from that species. In the structure of the lip it resembles B. Corneri, Carr but in that species the petal lobes are rigid and there is an extra appendage in the sinus of the lobes. From B. epicrianthes, Hook. f. it differs in the smaller dimensions, the shorter less curved petal lobes and the absence of an extra appendage in the sinus. Itis perhaps nearest to B. abbrevilabium, Carr from which, however, it differs distinctly in the structure of the sepals and lip and in the absence of an appendage in the sinus of the petal lobes. Described from material preserved in spirit (A 568). Bulbophyllum tortuosum, Lndl. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 50; Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. III, 647; J. J. S. Fl. Buit. VI (Orch.) 450, Atlas No. CCCXLII: B. Listeri, King and Pant]. in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. VIII, 66, t. 90: B. indragiriense, Schltr. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. Sér. 2. vi (1906) 463: Diphyes tortuosa, e Bijdr. 311: Phyllorchis tortuosa, O. K. Rev. Gen. PI. I, 678. Pahang, Sat river on Dipterocarpus oblong?folius, altitude c. 500 feet. This is the first record from the Penin- sula of this very curious and interesting plant. Bulbophyllum laxiflorum, Lndl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 57; Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. III, 650.; J. J. S. Fl. Buit. VI (Orch.) 433, Atlas No. CCCXXIX.—Diphyes laxiflora, Bl. Bijdr. 316.—Phyllorchis laxiflora, O. K. Rev. Gen. PI. II, 677. Vol, VII. (1932). 22 C. E. CARR. Pahang, Fraser Hill on the path to Pine Tree Hill, altitude c. 4,000 feet, March 1929. Distribution :—Java, Sumatra. Bulbophyllum taluense, Carr. B. laxiflorum, Lndl. var. taluense, J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. Ser. III. Vol. 1X,°170. Pahang, Kota Glanggi on small trees on limestone ridges, fairly commonly. I have examined a number of plants of this and am convinced that it is specifically distinct from B. laxiflorum, Lndl. In the Kota Glanggi plants the sepals are all clavate-ciliate and sparsely clavate-hairy on the inner sur- face. The lip is minutely papillose and I can only find 2 keels present one on each side of the median groove. Other than in these points the plants agree very well in habit and structure with Dr. Smith’s description. Distribution :—Sumatra. Bulbophyllum (§ Polyblepharon) nigropurpureum, sp. nov. (Plate 2). Rhizoma breve, ramosum. Pseudobulbi approximati, brevissimi, ovoidei vel subglobosi, 1-follii. Folium breve ovatum vel obovatum aut productum anguste obovatum vel oblongo-obovatum, acutum ve minute cuspi- datum. Inflorescentiae e basi pseudobulbi, fasciculatae ad 10 vel plures, 1-florae. Bractea infundibuliformis. Flos valde expansus sepalis e basi reflexis. Sepalum dorsale oblongum, breviter acuminatum acute apiculatum, margini- - bus apicem versus incurvis minute ciliatis, intus minute papillosum, extus rare furfuraceo-punctatum. Sepala lateralia margine antico omnino fere adnata, apice ipso libero acute apiculato, margine postico apicem versus leviter incurvo minute ciliato, intus basi margines prope excepto minute papillosa, extus sparse furfuraceo-punctata. Petala subfaleata, anguste ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, acuta, saepe inaequalia, marginibus super medium incurvis breviter ciliatis. Labellum mobile, 3-lobum, inter lobos laterales in callum conicum truncatum elevatum callo in carinam usque ad apicem attingentem nitidam producto carina brevi utraque calli parte addita; lobi laterales breves, lati, rotun- dati, margine postico super basin in lobulum breven incurvum producto, margine antico ciliato; lobus inter- medius oblanceolatus, acutus, marginibus clavato-ciliatis. Gynostemium breve, stelidiis subulatis margine postico papilloso. Rhizome short, not appressed to the substratum, densely rooting the roots reaching downwards to the substratum and appressed to it. Pseudobulbs approximate, small, ovoid or subglobose, green, up to c. .20 cm. long, c. .15 cm. wide, Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Some Malayan Orchids, IIT. 23 1-leaved. Leaf short ovate or obovate or elongate narrowly obovate or oblong-ovate, acute or minutely cuspidate, rather fleshy, coriaceous, above grooved green or dark grey-green sometimes suffused red towards the base, beneath incon- spicuously keeled paler, up to c. 4 cm. long, c. 1.25 cm. wide, base twisted, petiole grooved up toc. .30 cm. long. Inflore- scences from tufts of dry sheaths at base of pseudobulb, fascicled, up to 10 or more, 1-flowered, peduncle terete thickened upwards warty and sparsely furfuraceo-punctate whitish suffused dull purple up to c. 2.25 cm. long. Bract short, funnel-shaped, shortly acutely apiculate, whitish, c. .20 cm. long. Flower widely expanded. Sepals strongly refiexed from c. 1/4 above the base, whitish at base, dark purple-black above. Dorsal sepal oblong, shortly acuminate, acutely apiculate, 5-nerved, margins towards apex incurved minutely ciliate, inside minutely papillose, outside sparsely furfuraceo-punctate, c. .62 cm. long, c. .25 cm. wide. Lateral sepals adnate for nearly their whole length, tips only free acutely apiculate, together forming an ovate- lanceolate minutely bidentate blade, 3-nerved, posterior - margin towards apex slightly incurved minutely ciliate, inside minutely papillose except at base near the margins, outside sparsely furfuraceo-punctate, together c. .55 cm. long, c. .35 cm. wide. Petals subfaleate, narrowly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, 1-nerved, margins in upper half - slightly incurved shortly ciliate, often subpelorically unequal, base whitish, above base black-purple, towards apex dark black-purple, posterior margin sometimes white, .37-.45 cm. long, c. .20 cm. wide. Lip adnate to the apex of the short column foot, mobile, 3-lobed, base fleshy remainder thin, a short conic truncate callus between the side lobes ending in a shiny black keel running to the apex of the lip and a short rather tall narrow keel on each side of the callus. 3-nerved, slightly convex above, beneath highly convex at base remainder slightly concave with a median keel to near apex, c. .35 em. long, c. .09 cm. wide; side lobes short broad, rounded, papillose in anterior half, posterior margin pro- duced above base to a short incurved obtuse lobule, anterior margin ciliate; midlobe oblanceolate, acute, minutely papil- iose, margins clavate-ciliate, c. .28 cm. long, c. .09 cm. wide, basal lobules of side lobes whitish remainder dark purple almost black. Column short, stout, cream, c. .08 cm. tall, stelidia subulate upper margin paipllose, cream tipped black-purple c. .07 cm. long, stigma large subquadrate, rostellum triangular truncate 2-tcothed. Anther ovate. grooved inside, conspicuously clubbed and papillose above with a papillose keel reaching to the apex, yellowish white. Pollinia yellow. Column foot very short, broad, cream with a dark red spot near the apex, c. .03 cm. long. Ovary 6-ribbed, furfuraceo-punctate, c. .13 cm. long. Capsule Vol. VII. (1932). 24 C. E. CARR. obovoid, rounded ‘above, flattened beneath, crowned by the withered remains of the flower, c. .80 cm. long, c. .388 cm. diam. Pahang, Sat river at an altitude of about 400 feet. This is the first species of the section Polyblepharon to be found in the Peninsula. The petals show -F1.. Mal. Pen sty ofa This species is a close ally of Ch. laciniatus, Carr. As in that species the lip is spurred but it differs in the absence of laciniae. | Cheirorchis, gen. nov. Caulis brevis, radicans, paucifolius. Folia lateraliter compressa teretiave. Inflorescentiae breves longaeve, pauci-multi-floraeve. Bracteae quaquaversae. Flores inter- vallis singulatim expansi, fugaces. Sepala petalaque sub- similia, sepalis lateralibus ad pedem gynostemii decurrenti- bus. Labellum pede gynostemii elastice insertum, leviter saccatum, ecalearatum, interdum breviter unguiculatum, plus minusve sigmoidee curvum, 3-lobum, lobis lateralibus erectis callo interposito, lobo intermedio carnosulo pulveru- lente pilosove, sacco tenuissimo. Gynostemium breve, pede longiore. Anthera biloculata, rostrata. Pollinia 2, furcata canaliculatave, stipite longo spatulatim dilatato, disco parvo. Stem short, rooting, few-leaved. Leaves laterally flattened or terete. Inflorescences short or long, few- or many-flowered. Bracts quaquaversal. Flowers appearing singly at intervals, ephemerous. Sepals and petals sub- similar, the laterals running down the column foot. Lip loosely inserted on the apex of the column foot, slightly saccate, not spurred, sometimes shortly clawed, more or less sigmoidly curved, 3-lobed, side lobes erect with a callus between, midlobe rather fleshy powdery or hairy, sac very shallow. Column short, foot longer. Anther 2-celled, beaked. Pollinia 2, grooved or branched, caudicle long spathulate, disc small. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Some Malayan Orchids, III. 41 ~ In habit the genus is very distinct. In the characters of the inflorescence it resembles the genus Chamaeanthus, section Ascochilus of the genus Sarcochilus and section Dendrocolla of the genus Thrixspermum. The structure of the flowers much resembles Dendro- colla except that the lip is clawed and only very slightly saccate and the midlobe very well developed. The poliinia, however, resemble those of Sarcochilus and Chamaeanthus. Its proper position would appear to be between Chamaean- thus and Bogoria or Chiloschista. There are 5 species in the genus which I divide into 3 sections as follows :— Leaves laterally flattened, ensiform, articulate. Peduncle very short gla- brous covered with sheaths ais .. 1 § Xiphophyllum Peduncle muricate she- aths at base only .. 2 § Dactylophyllum Leaves terete, articulate .. 3 § Rhaphidophyllum Key to the species. Leaves laterally flattened, ensiform, articulate. Peduncle very short glabrous covered with sheaths. Midlobe of lip powdery. Pollinia grooved to about the middle. Side lobes of lip shorter than midlobe .. 1 Ch. breviscapa, Carr Side lobes of lip longer than midlobe .. 2 Ch. major, Carr Peduncle muricate, base sheathed. Pollinia grooved to base. 3 Ch. pulverulenta, Carr Leaves terete, articulate. Peduncle elongate glabrous base sheathed. Midlobe of lip hairy .. 4 Ch. filiformis, Carr Midlobe of lip glabrous. 5 Ch. fulgens, Carr Cheirorchis breviscapa, Carr sp. nov. (Plate 3) Caulis brevissimus paucifolius. Folia c. 5, valde lateraliter com- pressa, anguste lineari-ensiformia, acuta, vagina valde lateraliter compressa erectopatente internodo longissime supezante. Inflorescentiae e basi foliorum inferiorum vaginarumve siccarum ortae, brevissimae, pauciflorae, pedunculo minuto, rachide valde incrassata. Bracteae late triangulares, quaquaversae, rachidem amplius' seml- amplectentes, tenues. Flores intervallis singulatim expansi, per diem 1 viriditatem conservantes. Sepala petalaque semipellucide lactea, sepalis interdum pallide roseo- lilacitio- suffusis, interdum valde patentia. Sepalum dorsale inter- Vol. VII, (1982). 42 OE. “OARR: , 2 dum super basin reflexum, ellipticum, acutum vel breviter mucronatum, 3-nervium nervis exterioribus furcatis, extus furfuraceum carinatum. Sepala lateralia usque ad apicem pedis gynostemii fere decurrentia, triangulari-ovata, apiculata, 3-nervia nervis exterioribus furcatis, margine antico basi dilatato, extus sparse furfuracea carinata. Petala oblongo-obovata, obtusa, 3-nervia nervis exterioribus furcatis, extus sparse furfuracea carinata. Labellum 3-lobum, unguiculatum, leviter saccatum, ungue triangulari- oblongo, lamina inter lobos laterales callo pulverulente apice in carinam pulverulentem producto conspicue ornata, lobis lateralibus brevibus oblongis apici rotundatis intus papil- losis marginibus ciliolatis, lobo intermedio ovato obtuso supra papilloso denseque pulverulente. Gynostemium breve, rectum, alis triangularibus obtusis, pede longo lineart. Stem very short, few-leaved, base rooting. Leaves ec. 5, strongly laterally flattened, seen from the side narrowly linear-ensiform acute, dull yellow-green, rather shiny, up to 18 cm. long, c. .55 em. wide, sheath strongly laterally flattened erecto-patent very much exceeding the internode apex oblique, lower margin c. 1 ecm. long, upper margin ec. 1.70 cm. long. Inflorescences from the base of the lower leaves or from the base of the old sheaths, very short, few- flowered, peduncle minute glabrous, rachis much thickened with minute internodes. Bracts quaquaversal. broadly tri- angular, glabrous, thin in texture, more than half embrac- ing the rachis. Flowers opening singly at intervals and lasting 1 day. Sepals widely expanded or reflexed from base, semitransparently cream sometimes suffused pale rose- lilac. Dorsal sepal erect or reflexed from the base, elliptic, acute, or shortly mucronate, 3-nerved outer nerves branched, outside furfuraceous keeled, hardly .50 cm. long. c. .27 em. wide. Lateral sepals running almost to apex of column foot, recurved in middle, triangular-ovate, apiculate. 3-nerved outer nerves branched, posterior margin dilate at base, out- side sparsely furfuraceous keeled, c. .50 cm. long, scarcely as broad. Petals not widely expanded, oblong-obovate, obtuse, 3-nerved outer nerves branched, outside sparsely furfuraceous keeled, semitransparently cream, c. .45 em. long, c. .80 cm. wide. Lip adnate to apex of column foot, 3-lobed, clawed, slightly saccate not spurred, seen from the side sigmoidly curved, claw short triangular oblong, a conic orange-yellow pulverulent callus on the blade between the side lobes produced into a low linear powderly orange-yellow keel reaching to the midlobe, blade a little saccate above the claw, cream, spread out c. .50 em. long, across the side- lobes c. 35 em. wide; side lobes short, oblong, apex rounded, margins ciliolate, inside papillose, pale cream, c. .15 cm. long; midlobe ovate, obtuse cream, above papillose and Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Some Malayan Orchids, ITT. 43 densely yellow-powdery the grains globose or ovoid with minute papillaeform appendages, c. .28 cm. long, c. .25 cm. wide. Column short, straight, dilate at apex, c. .08 cm. long, whitish, wings porrect broadly triangular obtuse as long, clinandrium excavate semilunate with a median keel margins truncate, rostellum produced to a triangular obtuse beak cucullately curved in middle apex decurved, stigma large deeply excavate suborbicular. Anther 2-celled the cells closed by a suborbicular lamella, seen from above sub- quadrate shortly keeled at base apex produced to a short broad triangular obtuse beak. Pollinia 2, deeply grooved, ovoid, yellow, c. .05 cm. long, caudicle spathulate white ec. .09 em. long, disc triangular-ovate white c. .03 cm. long. Column foot continuing the ovary or making a very obtuse angle with it, linear, truncate, whitish, c. .40 cm. long. Ovary 6-grooved, furfuraceous, pale yellowish, with the minute pedicel c. .47 cm. long. Capsule 6-ribbed, 3 large with 3 very slender between, up to c. 3.25 cm. long, c. .30 em. diam., pedicel minute. Pahang, Budu and Batu Balai on small trees in lowland forest, the plants growing on the tips of the branches and even on the leaves themselves. Desribed from living plants. Cheirorchis major, Carr sp. nov. . Caulis_ brevis- simus. Folia c. 5, valde lateraliter compressa, anguste lineari-ensiformia, acuta, nitidula, vagina valde lateraliter compressa internodo longissime superante. Inflorescentiae e basi vaginarum ortae, brevissimae, pauciflorae pluriflor- aeve, pedunculo minuto. glabro, rachide _ incrassato. Bracteae late triangulares, quaquaversae. Flores inter- vallis singulatim expansi, sepalis petalisque patentibus. Sepalum dorsale ellipticum, obtusum, 5-nervium, extus rarissime furfuraceum. Sepala lateralia usque ad apicem pedis gynostemii fere decurrentia, late triangularia, medio fere triangulari-acuminata, apice subapiculato anguste obtuso, extus sparse furfuracea. Petala rhombeo-elliptica, obtusa, 5-nervia, extus carinata. Labellum apici pedis gynostemii adnatum. 3-lobum, unguiculatum, esaccatum, lamina inter lobos laterales pulverulente carina media carunculata basi lobi intermedii in callum transversum carunculatum pulverulentem recurvum producta, lobis lateralibus erectis linearibus apici truncatis rotundatisve margine antico papilloso denticulatoque, lobo intermedio breviter lateque ovato obtuso dense pulverulente. Gynoste- mium breve, pede longissimo lineari. Stem very short, base rooting. Leaves ec. 5, strongly laterally flattened, seen from the side narrowly linear-ensi- Vol. VII, (1932). AA C. E. CARR. form acute, rather shiny light green, up.to 15 cm. long, c. .70 em. wide, sheath strongly laterally flattened erecto- patent very much exceeding the internode apex oblique c. 1.50 cm. long. Inflorescences from the base of the sheaths, short, few or rather many-flowered, peduncle minute glabrous, rachis thickened internodes minute. Bracts not alternate, broadly triangular. Flowers larger than those of Ch. breviscapa, Carr opening singly at intervals and lasting 1 day. Sepals and petals spreading, cream. Dorsal sepal elliptic, obtuse, 5-nerved nerves branched, inside concave, outside convex very sparsely scurfy, almost 1 cm. long, fully .50 cm. wide. Lateral sepals running almost to apex of column foot, broadly triangular, triangular-acuminate from c. the middle, subapiculate narrowly obtuse, 5-nerved nerves branched the midnerve prominent outside especially towards the apex, outside sparsely scurfy, c. .90 cm. long in the middle, at base c. .67 cm. wide. Petals rhombeo-elliptic, obtuse, 5-nerved nerves branched, inside concave, outside obtusangularly convex with a prominent median keel, c. .78 cm. long, c. .56 cm. wide. Lip adnate to apex of column foot, 3-lobed, clawed, not saccate nor spurred, seen from the side sigmoidly curved, blade between the side lobes powdery with a median carunculate keel ending in a transverse car- unculate powdery recurved callus at base of midlobe, cream with some pale lilac spots on the side lobes, the whole spread out c. .80 em. long, c. .75 em. wide across the side lobes, claw subqudrate c. .20 cm. long c. .25 cm. wide: side lobes erect, subquadrate, apex truncate or very slightly rounded, anterior margin papillose and denticulate, c. .25 cm. long, c. .28 cm. wide; midlobe shortly broadly ovate obtuse, densely powdery, c. .25 cm. long, c. .88 cm. wide. Column short, forming an obtuse angle with the ovary, tapering upwards, ¢c. .17 em. long, clinandrium excavate transversely oval, rostellum produced to a tongue-shaped beak, stigma large deeply excavate oval. Anther 2-celled with the cells closed by a triangular lamella, seen from above ovate the cells elevate with a short keel between, produced in front to a broad triangular subacute beak, in all c. .24 cm. long and about as wide. Pollinia 2, deeply grooved, ovoid, caudicle narrowly spathulate, dise oblong, together c. .12 cm. long. Column foot making almost a right angle with the column, very shortly free at apex, very long, linear, straight, c. .65 cm. long, c. .13 em. wide. Ovary short, 6-grooved, c. .30 cm. long. Pahang, Krambit on the tips of the branches of small trees. This species, together with the last, is remarkable for the very long narrow column foot. Described from a living plant and flowers preserved in spirit with colour notes. Gardens Bulletin, S.S,. Some Malayan Orchids, ITI. 45 Cheirorchis pulverulenta, Carr sp. nov. . Caulis brevis. Folia 3-5, vaide lateraliter compressa, ensiformia, breviter acuminata, acuta, falcatula, vagina patente valde lateraliter compressa internodo longissime superante. In- florescentiae e basi vaginarum ortae, pauciflorae, pedunculo -terete apicem versus incrassato dense longiuscule muricato, rachide abrupte dilatata. Bracteae quaquaversae, tri- angulares, acutae, extus carinatae muricataeque. Flores intervallis singulatim expansi, per diem 1 viriditatem con- servantes. Sepalis petalisque e basi reflexis. Sepalum dorsale oblongum vel oblongo-ellipticum, obtusum, 3-ner- vium. Sepala lateralia usque ad apicem pedis gynostemii fere decurrentia, subfalcata, triangulari-oblonga, obtusa, 3-nervia. Petala oblongo-oblanceolata, obtusa, 3-nervia. Labellum apici pedis gynostemli adnatum, 3-lobum, ungui- culatum, saccatum, sacco callo magno tumido pulverulente aurantiaco donato, inter lobos laterales sulco pulverulente basin lobi intermedli attingente, lobis lateralibus erectis ob- longis obtusis papillosis marginibus minute ciliolatis, lobo intermedio abrupte recurvo carnoso dense pulverulente supra viso triangulari-oblongo obtusissimo, sacco brevi lato conico obtuso. Gynostemium breve, pede vix longiore. Stem short, rooting below, up to c. 1 cm. long. Leaves 3-5, strongly laterally flattened, slightly falcate, ensiform, shortly acuminate towards the acute apex, fleshy, longitud- inally wrinkled, at first green then yellow-green, lower ones longest up to c. 6 cm. long, c. .50 cm. wide, sheath strongly laterally fattened, longitudinally wrinkled, spreading, long exceeding the internodes, apex oblique, yellow-green drying on the fail of the leaf, upper margin c. 1 cm. long, lower margin c. .60 cm. long. inflorescences from the base of the sheaths, erect or suberect, few-flowered, peduncle terete dilate towards apex densely and rather long-muricate a small tubular sheath at base dull green ec. 1 cm. long, rachis abruptly thickened dull green c. .30 cm. long. Bracts qua- quaversal, in appearance resembling Ascochilus, triangular, acute, margins denticulate, inside deeply concave, outside highly convex strongly keeled muricate, dull green, c. .18 cm. long, c. as broad. Flowers appearing singly at inter- vals, ephemerous. Sepals and petals reflexed from base, thin in texture, semitransparently pale yellow. Dorsal sepal oblong or oblong-elliptic, obtuse, 3-nerved outer nerves branched, inside convex, outside concave, c. .38 cm. long, c. .22 cm. wide. Lateral sepals running almost to apex of column foot, subfalcate, triangular-oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved outer nerves branched, inside convex, outside concave, c. .38 cm. long, c. .28 cm. wide. Petals oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse, 3-nerved, inside convex, outside concave, c. .40 cm. long, c. .20 cm. wide. Lip adnate to apex of column foot, Vol. VII. (1932). 46 C. E. CARR. 3-lobed, clawed; saccate, seen from the side strongly sigmoidly curved, a large median tumid orange powdery callus in the sac and a short median powdery groove with raised margins between the side lobes running to the base of the midlobe, the whole spread out c. .27 cm. long, c. .387 cm. wide across the side lobes, claw short broad dilate towards - apex c. .05 cm. long, sac short broad conic obtuse cream; side lobes erect, oblong, obtuse, papillose, margins minutely ciilolate, cream, c. .15 cm. long, c. .10 cm. wide; midlobe abruptly recurved, fleshy, cream, above convex densely bright yellow-powdery the grains globose with minute papillaeform appendages, beneath concave glabrous, seen trom above triangular-oblong very obtuse, c. .15 cm. long and as broad or broader. Column making a very obtuse angle with the ovary, short, straight or slightly curved on back and rather warty, whitish, c. .12 cm. long, clinandrium deeply excavate transversely oblong with a median keel, rostellum large produced to a triangular obtuse decurved beak, stigma excavate large oblong margins below the rostellum a little incurved. Anther 2-celled the large sub- orbicular cells partly closed by a small suborbicular lamella, seen from above transversely oblong, produced at apex to a short broad triangular obtuse beak, whitish, c. .08 cm. long, c. .10 cm. groad, Pollinia 2, grooved to the base, sub- orbicular, flattened inside, caudicle slightly spathulately dilate from the linear base, white, disc elliptic whitish. Column foot forming an obtuse angle with the column, straight, subverrucose, narrowed towards the apex, whitish, c. .15 cm. long. Ovary 6-grooved, scurfy, dilate towards apex, pale yellow-green, c. .20 cm. long. Pahang, Tembeling on small trees in the forest grow- ing near the tips of the branches. Described from living plants. Cheirorchis filiformis, comb. nov. (Plate 4, fig. A) Sarcochilus fiiliformis, Hook f. Fl. Brit. Ind. Vl. (1890) 39, Ic. Pl. 2124., etc., ete. This plant is best placed under Cheirorchis, the struc- ture of the flowers and the 2 grooved pollinia being quite characteristic. It is a wide-spread and not uncommon plant in the Peninsula and, as in the other members of the genus, grows on the tips of the branches of small trees. Cheirorchis fulgens, comb. nov. . Dendrocolla fulgens, Ridl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII, 383., etc. This is a close ally of Ch. filiformis, Carr. Thrixspermum (§ Dendrocolla) tenuicalcar, sp. nov. (Plate 4. fig. c). Caulis brevis, validus. Folia c. 5, lineari- lanceolata vel lineari-oblanceolata, acuta, crasse carnosa, Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Some Malayan Orchids, III. AT vaginis tubulosis. Inflorescentiae multiflorae, pedunculo terete apicem versus incrassato, rachide incrassata densa. Bracteae quaquaversae, triangulares, acutae, carnosae. Sepalum dorsale eliipticum vel elliptico-oblanceolatum, apiculatum. Sepala lateralia talcata, transverse et late oblonga, apiculata. Petala e basi breviter unguiculata falcata, oblonga, obtusa. Labellum 3-lobum, longe et tenuiter calecaratum, callo oblongo retuso carnoso supra canaliculato inter lobos laterales, tascia magna humili sub- orbiculari pilosa basi lobi intermedti; iobi taterales erecti, elliptici, obtusi; lobus intermedius triangulari-ovatus, retusus dente triangulari in sinu, marginibus erosis; calcar longum, tenerrimum, cylindricum, apicem acutum versus exterius decrescens. Gynostemium breve, pede _ lineari, longiore. Stem short, stout, rooting at the base, roots elongate stout. Leaves c.5, spreading, linear-lanceolate or linear- oblanceolate, distinctiy narrowed beiow the recurved acute apex, thickly fleshy, the base distinctly narrowed to the sheath, grooved dull green above with dark purple margins, conspicuously keeled beneath, c. 5.50-8.50 cm. long, c. .83-.93 cm. wide, sheaths tubular dull green thickly spotted dark purple up to c. .80 cm. long. Inflorescences often more than 50-flowered, peduncle elongate terete dilate towards the apex dull green more or less blotched purple c. 8 cm. long, rachis thickened dense up to-c. 5 cm. long. Bracts quaquaverse, triangular, acute, fleshy, recurved towards the apex, concave inside, convex outside, dull green more or less dotted dull purple, ¢. .15 cm. long and as _ broad. Flowers appearing at intervals singly or in pairs, not widely expanded, lasting 1 day. Speals and petals cream, whitish or pale ochre. Dorsal sepal elliptic or elliptic-oblanceolate, apiculate, 5-nerved, deeply concave inside, highly convex outside with an inconspicuous median keel, c. .85 cm. long, scarcely .50 cm. wide. Lateral sepals running down almost to the apex of the column foot, slightly twisted above the middle, reflexed below the apex, falcate, transversely and broadly oblong, apiculate, 5-nerved, anterior margin minu- tely erose towards the apex roundly dilate above the base, distinctly keeled outside, c. .85 cm. long, c. .60 cm. wide. Petals falcate, oblong above the shortly clawed base, apex broadly roundly obtuse, 5-nerved, concave inside, convex inconspicuously keeled outside, c. .85 cm. long, c. .43 cm. wide. Lip adnate to the apex of the column foot, 3-lobed, very slenderly spurred, callus between the side lobes an oblong retuse fleshy yellow lamella concave above, a large low suborbicular, long-hairy purplish fascia at the base of the midlobe, c. .90 cm. long from the mouth of the spur to the apex of the midlobe, spread out c. .90 cm. wide across Vol. VII. (1932). 48 C.-E.-GaaR: the side lobes;-side lobes erect elliptic, obtuse, minutely papillose towards the base, sparsely hairy towards the point of junction with the midlobe, anterior margin denticulate and ciliolate in the sinus with the midlobe, pale yellow with c. 7 longitudinal purple streaks, anterior margin c. 40 cm. posterior ec. .90 cm. long; midlobe trian- gular-ovate, retuse with a triangular tooth in the sinus, towards the base rather long-hairy, towards the margins very shortly hairy, margins erose, pale yellow, c. .30 cm. long, c. .50 em. wide at the base; spur long, very slender, straight, cylindric, tapering towards the acute apex, minutely papillose inside, yellow, fully 1 cm. long from the tip to the apex of the column foot, c. .80 cm. long from the tip to the base of the blade. Column short, stout, straight, white, c. .17 cm. long, arms incurved over the clinandrium apex toothed, clinandrium excavate sub- orbicular, stigma excavate transversely elliptic, foot linear with the apex very shortly bilobed white. Anther 2-celled, suborbicular as seen from above, produced in front to a short truncate convex beak, 2 small transversely oblong lobes at the base, white, c. .10 cm. long. Pollinia 4, unequal, coher- ing in 2 oblong bodies, the anterior 2 larger, creamy yellow, c. .08 cm. long; caudicle spathulate, margins strongly re- flexed, white, c. .08 cm. long; disc transversely oblong. Ovary 6-grooved, furfuraceous green, with the pedicel c. .90 cm. long. Pahang, Batu Talam. This very interesting plant has the habit of a Dendro- colla and is very distinct by reason of the deep lobing of the lip and the long slender spur. I know of no near ally. Described from living plants. Thrixspermum (§ Dendrocolla) pulchrum, sp. nov. (Plate 5, fig. A). Caulis brevis. Folia elliptica vel elliptico- oblanceolata, breviter biloba sinu in dentem brevem in- structa, vaginis brevibus tubulosis. Inflorescentiae multi- florae, pedunculo terete apicem versus incrassato, rachide incrassata densa. Bracteae quaquaversae, triangularae, acutae. Sepalum dorsale basi unguiculatum, supra ellip- ticum, obtusum praesertim in murcronem brevem instruc- _ tum, Sepala lateralia basi breviter unguiculata, supra falcata, ovata obtusa, margine antico medio fere rotundate dilatato. Petala subfalcata, spathulata, obtusa. Labellum 3-lobum, profunde saccatum, carina longepilosa ex apice sacci inter lobos laterales super medium in callum transverse oblongum pilosum dilatata; lobi laterales triangulari-oblongi, obtusi, margine antico apice excepto clavato-piloso, intus apicem versus calavato-pilosi; lobus intermedius brevissimus, tri- angularis, obtusus, dense longe clavato-pilosus; saccus Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Some Malayan Orchids, III. 49 oblongo-conicus. Gynostemium breve, pede longiore. An- thera biloculata, transverse oblonga, truncata, basi utrinque lobulo transverse oblongo donata. Pollinia 4, inaequalia, antica majora, ovalia. Stem short, fairly stout, rooting at the base, c. 2 cm. long. Leaves c. 6, elliptic or elliptic-oblanceolate, shortly unequally subobtusely bilobed with a very short tooth in the notch (the apex of the midrib), thickly fleshy, grooved above, inconspicuously keeled beneath, pale yellow-green, 2-3.75 cm. long, .65-1.20 cm. wide, sheaths short tubular inconspicuously ribbed up to c. .387 cm. long. Inflorescences from the bases of the sheaths behind the leaves, shorter or longer than the leaves, c. 10-flowered, peduncle terete thickened upwards, rachis short dense. Bracte quaqua- verse, triangular, acute, fleshy, green. Flowers appearing at intervals 1-2 at a time and lasting for less than 1 day, widely expanded, fragrant, c. 1.10 cm. long, c. 1.30 cm. wide. Sepals and petals yellow, base excepted densely blotched bright purple or almost entirely bright purple. Dorsal sepal clawed at the base for c. .15 cm., blade elliptic obtuse sometimes very shortly mucronate, 5-nerved the nerves branched in the upper half, margins minutely erose towards the apex, concave inside, convex inconspicuously keeled outside, c. .60-.70 cm. long, c. .82-.40 cm. wide. Lateral sepals running down to the apex of the column foot, shortly clawed at the base, blade falcate ovate obtuse, margins minutely erose towards the apex with the anterior margin roundly dilate at about the middle, conspicuously keeled outside, nerves 5 the inner 3 branched towards the apex, c. .60-.70 cm. long, c. .37-.42 em. wide. Petals subfal- cate, spathulate, obtuse, nerves 3 the median branched towards the apex, margins minutely erose towards the apex, concave inside, convex outside, c. .55-.60 cm. long, c. .27-.30 em. wide. Lip adnate to the apex of the column foot, 3-lobed, deeply saccate, blade between the side lobes covered with white clubbed hairs, pale yellow, apex of sac darker, some purple spots outside on the blade below the apex, spread out c. .70 cm. long, c. .80 cm. wide; side lobes trian- gular-oblong, obtuse, posterior margin curved, the anterior margin clavate-hairy except at the apex, inside clavate-hairy towards the apex; midlobe very short, triangular, obtuse, covered densely with long clubbed hairs, c. .02 cm. long, ce. .12 em. wide at the base; sac large, oblong-conic, apex retuse rather incurved, a little dilate in the middle, flattened in front, dilate on the back, a keel inside covered with long clubbed hairs running from the tip to the middle of the blade ending in a transversely oblong hairy callus. Column short, broad, fleshy, narrowed upwards, concave in front with rounded arms, pale yellowish, c. .15 cm. long, Vol. VII. (1932). 50 G.-%0. GARR. clinandrium semilunate excavate with a short median keel, stigma deeply excavate very small, suborbicular. Anther 2-celled, transversely oblong, truncate, shortly grooved above the base, base produced on each side to a transversely oblong lobe, white, c. .06 cm. long, c. .10 cm. wide. Pollinia 4, unequal, cohering in 2 oval bodies, the anterior larger con- cave on the inner face, caudicle short oblong, disc ovate. Column foot longer than the column. Ovary 6-grooved, furfuraceous, pale yellow-green with pale purple ribs, c. .60 cm. long. Pahang, Krambit. Scented strongly of lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis). A small plant closely allied to Th. recurvum, Carr from which it differs in the much more slender inflorescence with less fleshy bracts, the smaller, fragrant and differently coloured flowers, the shorter narrower side lobes of the lip, etc. Described from the living plant. Pomatocalpa elongatum, sp. nov. Caulis_ validus, elongatus. Folia oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata, biloba, coriacea. Inflorescentiae paniculatae. Bracteae brevis- simae, late triangulares, obtusae. Sepala oblongo-oblance- olata, obtusissima, lateralia falcata. Petala falcata, anguste oblongo-obovata, obtussissima. Labellum 3-lobum, calca- ratum, lobis lateralibus triangularibus subacutis, lobo in- termedio ovato subacuto, calcare basi cylindrico sub apice clavato-dilatato carnoso. Gynostemium breve, latum, apici truncatum. 7 Stem stout, elongate, leafy, oval or subterete in trans- verse section, base covered with leaf sheaths, 120 cm. long or longer, internodes c. 2.50 cm. long. Roots elongate, fleshy, terete, 1 rarely 2 from each internode. Leaves spreading, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, abruptly narrowed below the apex, the apex broadly obtusely equally or un- equally bilobed with a minute tooth in the sinus, coriaceous, margins undulate often recurved, convex grooved dull green above, concave paler below with a conspicuous median keel, up to c. 13 cm. long, c. 3.25 em. wide; sheaths tubular, much longer than the internodes, keeled on the back, dull green, the young ones often fusco-punctate, up to. c. 4.50 cm. long. Inflorescences from behind the leaf and well below the root, erect or erecto-patent, panicled, dull green streaked and spotted dull purple; peduncle terete, c. 22 cm. long with a short tubular fleshy dull geen sheath at the base and c. 5 similar ones at intervals above; panicles erect or erecto- patent, nude in the lower half, in the upper half densely many-flowered thickened subterete many-grooved, up to c. 8 cm. long, scarcely .30 cm. diam. Bracts very short, qua- Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Some Malayan Orchids, ITI. 51 quaverse broadly triangular, obtuse, dull green. Flowers reversed, 4-5 open together on each panicle, odourless, lasting for a few days. Sepals well expanded, yellow-green or greenish, outside entirely inside in basal half spotted dull purple. Dorsal sepal erect, slightly incurved below the apex, oblong-oblanceolate, apex very obtuse minutely cilio- tate, fleshy especially at the base, 5-nerved, slightly convex inside, slightly concave with an inconspicuous minutely papillose keel outside, c. .60-.80 cm. long, c. .382-.88 cm. wide. Lateral sepals well expanded, falcate, oblong-oblanceolate, apex very obtuse minutely ciliolate, fleshy especially at the base, 5-nerved, margins attenuate the anterior recurved, convex inside, concave with a conspicuous minutely papil- lose keel outside, c. .50-.67 cm. long, c. .28-.30 cm. wide. Petals not widely expanding, falcate, narrowly oblong- obovate, apex very obtuse minutely ciliolate, inconspicuously keeled outside, 3-nerved, c. .50-.66 cm. long c. .30-.38 cm. wide. Lip 3-lobed, spurred, fleshy, minutely papillose, a rounded keel on each side running down inside the spur from near the base of the anterior margin of the side lobe, c. .50-.60 cm. long from the apex of the side lobes to the tip of the spur; side lobes erect, continuing the spur, slightly divergent, the anterior margins incurved almost contiguous at the base forming a narrow channel at the base of the midlobe, triangular, subacute, anterior marginc..18 cm. long, posterior margin c. .25 cm. long, first whitish then yellow with 1 or more purple spots near the base; midlobe ovate, subacute, roundly recurved from the base with the apex appressed to the base of the spur, fleshy, inconspicuously grooved above, white turning sulphur yellow, c. .28 cm long and nearly as broad; spur pendulous, cylindric at the base, laterally dilate below the minutely retuse apex, seen from the side conic, very fleshy, back straight, curved in front, entirely septate by means of an erect thin conduplicate toothed membrane from the apex of the posterior wall with margins adnate to the sides of the spur, c. .18-.25 cm. tall,. first greenish then yellow-green, .28-.40 cm. long, .25-.35 em. wide. Column short, broad, sides fleshy rounded, slightly arched on the back, greenish with some red-puryple spots near the base, c. .30 em. tall, ce. .23 em. wide, clinan- drium transversely oblong concave on each side of a median keel green, rostellum large grooved green apex abruptly elevate bidentate yellow; stigma excavate transversely oblong. Anther transversely oval, apex abruptly produced to a subquadrate truncate beak, 2-celled with a small sub- orbicular lamella at the base of each cell, pale yellow, c. .15 cm. long, c..18 cm. wide. Pollinia 4, compressed into 2 oval bodies, the posterior much smaller than the anterior, yellow, c. .05 cm. long; caudicle spathulately dilate from a linear base, strongly incurved below the apex, margins revolute at Vol. VII. (1932). - 52 C. E. CARR. the base, outside convex but concave below the apex, trans- parently white, c. .15 cm. long; disc narrowly oval, pale yellow, c. .05 cm. long. Ovary 6-grooved, furfuraceous, dull green, .60-1.20 cm. long. Pahang, Mentakab, in virgin forest. This interesting plant is a close ally of P. truncatum, J. J. S. from Borneo. As in that species the spur is short and fleshy. The membrane of the spur arises from the tip and, the margins being adnate to the sides of the spur down to the mouth, the spur is rendered completely septate. The membrane is strongly conduplicate, the bases of the fold resting upon the keels on the anterior wall of the spur. Described from living plants. Microsaccus brevifolius, J. J. S. in Ic. Bog. 225 (1906). This plant, while occurring abundantly in the mangrove swamps of Singapore, Johore, etc. and on ridges of lime- stone hills in Pahang, has never been reported officially from the Peninsula. The material in the Singapore her- barium has been labelled M. javensis Bl. Distribution :—Java. Microsaccus ampullaceus, J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. Ser. 3. Vol. V, 99. This is another common species not yet officially recorded from the Peninsula. It grows in the mangrove swamps of Singapore and Johore and the limestone hills of Pahang and Perlis and may often be found growing with M. brevifolius, J. J. S. Distribution :—Sumatra. Microsaccus sumatranus, J. J. S. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. Ser. 2. XXV (1917) 102. Pahang, Fraser Hill, c. 4,000 feet. Distribution :—Sumatra. Microsaceus truncatus, sp. nov. . Caules_ penduli, omnino foliiferi. Folia alternatim bifaria, valde lateraliter compressa, a latere visa lanceolata, subacuta vel anguste obtusa, vagina lateraliter compressa apice obliqua. In- florescentiae ex axilis foliorum, brevissimae, 2-florae. Bracteae triangulares. Sepala vix expansa, oblonga, sub apice dilatata, triangularia obtusa. Petala_ parallela, latiora, subfalcata, transverse oblonga, obtusa, margine postico medio fere leviter dilatato. Labellum marginibus gynostemii adnatum, integrum, longiuscule calcaratum, lamina dimidio basali oblonga parte libera dilatata trans- verse oblonga apice truncata, calcare cylindrico apice brevis- sime canaliculato. Gynostemium labello omnino fere adnatum, rostello magno triangulari bidentato recurvo et gynostemio parallelo. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Some Malayan Orchids, III. 53 Stems pendulous, rooting from the base, entirely leafy, unbranched, up to c. 13 cm. long, 1-1.60 cm. wide across the leaves. Leaves dense, strongly laterally flattened, seen from the side lanceolate subacute or narrowly obtuse, lower margin obtusangularly recurved straight from above the base, upper margin roundly curved acutangularly grooved to about the middle, fleshy, minutely wrinkled, light green, .35-.80 cm. long, .18-.25 cm. wide at base, sheath strongly laterally flattened with the apex oblique. Inflorescences from the axils of the leaves, very short 2-flowered. Bracts triangular, highly convex, keeled, semitransparently whitish. Flowers white with a yellow-green spot on the blade of the lip. Sepals equal and similar hardly expanded, the dorsal continuing the ovary, the laterals adnate to the lip, oblong, below the apex dilate roundly triangular obtuse, 1-nerved, strongly keeled outside especially towards the apex, base attenuate, c. .17 cm. long, c. .07 cm. wide. Petals parallel, subfalcate, transversely oblong, obtuse, posterior margin slightly dilate in middle, 1-nerved, inside concave, outside convex, c. .16 cm. long, c. .09 cm. wide. Lip adnate to the margins of the column, entire, spurred, the whole c. .40 cm. long; blade adnate to column for ec. .15 cm., adnate part oblong concave free part very short dilate transversely oblong truncate concave c. .04 em. long ec. .10 cm. wide; spur making an obtuse angle with the blade, slightly dilate at base, straight, cylindric, apex shortly grooved, slightly flattened on back, c. .21 em. long, c. .10 em. diam. Column adnate to lip for nearly the whole length, stout, straight, clinandrium excavate, stigma large, rostellum large trian- gular apex bidentate base swollen above base decurved over the stigma then abruptly recurved parallel to the column, the whole c. .12 cm. long. Anther conic, seen from above transversely oval. Pollinia 4 pyriform, flattened or concave beneath, caudicle spathulately dilate from a very narrow base, disc linear-oblanceolate. Ovary 6-grooved, rather long, curved, with the minute pedicel c. .45 cm. long, white. Pahang, Fraser Hill, c. 4,000 feet altitude on small trees with Adenoncos vesiculosa, Carr. Dr. J. J. Smith points out in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. Ser. 3. V, 99 the very interesting fact that species of this genus and Adenoncos may often be found growing together on the same tree. I have found this association on countless occasions even when the plants occur in few numbers. Thus in April 1931 in an area of newly felled forest at Batu Balai I found a single tree containing M. ampullaceus, J. J. S. and Adenoncos major, Rid]. though the situation was an unusual one for the former species. This species is perhaps nearest to M. javensis, Bl. from which it is distinguished by the smaller leaves, the much Vol. VIT. (1982). 54 C. E. CARR. smaller sepals a petals which expand little, the lateral sepals not dilate at the base and the cylindric slightly retuse spur. Described from living plants and material preserved in spirit. Camarotis apiculata, Rchb. f. Bonpl. V. (1857) 39- Sarcanthus apiculatus J. J.S.in Fl. Buit. VI. Orch. (1905) 598; Atlas Fig. CDXLV. The following should be added as synonyms:—Saccolabiwm saxicolum, Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soe. II. iii (1893) 374; Mat. I. 171; Fl. Mal. Pen. iv (1924) 172: S. flaveolum, Ridl. in Journ, Linn. Soc. XXXII. 360. Distribution :—Java, Borneo. Abdominea macranthera, comb. nov. (Plate 5, fig. B). Saccolabium macrantherum, Ridl. in Kew Bulletin 1926 p. 478. Stem c. 1.50 cm. long, stout, 3-leaved in the one plant seen. Leaves erecto-patent, oblong-elliptic, obliquely obtuse, base narrowed, upper one largest c. 7 cm. long, hardly 3 cm. wide, rather thin, sheaths tubular ribbed. Inflorescences from the internodes behind the leaves, slightly deflexed, fiexuous, entire, very slender, many-(c. 36) flowered, sheaths at base c. 2 tubular with an extra one above, c. 7 cm. long, lax-flowered, peduncle ec. 1.75 cm. long. Bracts spreading or reflexed from the base, lanceolate, acute, lower ones largest, c. .10-.16 cm. long, .06-.08 cm. wide. Flowers rather small. Upper sepal oblong-oblanceolate, acuminate, acute, arched above the middle, 1-nerved, concave inside, convex outside, c. .40 cm. long, ce. .18 cm. wide. Lateral sepals broadly ovate, shortly acuminate, acute, falcate, 3-nerved, c. .38 cm. long, c. .20 em. wide. Petals broadly Janceolate. shortly acuminate, acute, 1-nerved, c. .18 cm. long, c. .10 em. wide. Lip 3-lobed, spurred, c. .47 em. long from base to tip of spur; side lobes erect, triangular-oblong, truncate, c. .05 em. long, c. .10 em. wide; midlobe porrect, oblong, obtuse, base rather fleshy, narrowed towards the slightly recurved apex, c. .20 em. long; spur pendulous with a wide mouth, basal 2/3 cylindric, abruptly narrowed above the middle, dilate towards the obtuse apex, 5-nerved, a me- dian keel inside on the back running from the base of the lip almost to the middle of the spur and ending in a low transverse fleshy callus, c. .35 cm. long, c. .15 em. diam. Column nearly straight, dilate on each side of the stigma. produced on the back to an oblong truncate slightly curved Jobe, the whole c. .15 cm. long; clinandrium concave, sides thickened; rostellum very large, ovate, pendulous, convex above, concave below reaching to the entrance to the spur, c. .13 cm. long; stigma large. Anther cucullate, 2-celled, transversely oval, shortly keeled between the cells, abruptly Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Some Malayan Orchids, III. 55 dilate at the apex to a very large beak; back basal half trian- gular acuminate, upper half linear truncate, grooved outside, keeled inside, the whole c. 12 cm. long, c. .06 cm. wide at the base of the beak. Pollinia 2, globose, very small, attached near the apex of the caudicle; caudicle very long, narrowly linear, abruptly dilate towards the recurved apex, margins strongly revolute except below the apex, c. .20 cm. long, c. .05 cm. wide below the apex; disc minute, narrowly elliptic. A very interesting plant which is best in the genus Abdominea, J. J. S. agreeing in habit and in the remarkatlle structure of the column, anther and rostellum. Selangor: Ulu Gombak 1,500 ft., Hume 21-11-21. Vol. VII. (1932). 56 C.-E. -CARR: Abdominea macranthera (Ridl.)Coelogyne membranifolia, Cary, 2. Carr, 54, Pl. 5B. Pid Adenoncos vesiculosa, Carr, 37 Cymbidium chloranthum, Lndl., 35 Agrostophyllum cyathiforme, J.J.S., sanguinolentum, T. & B., 35 6 Dendrobium incospicuiflorum, J.J.S., tenue, J.J.S., 6 14 ire indragiriense, Schltr., 14 uae ates abbrevilabium, Carr, isomerum, Sehlenaia 5 luxurians, J.J.S., 9 armeniacum, J.J.S., 14 we” . is earunculaelabrum, Carr, 25 pindeeneciors Rehb. f. var. shibaeGe Care 21 crenulatum, Carr, 10 . iabon "Indl. 29 procumbens, Carr, 11 Cnrrce eee. 16 striatellum, Carr, 10 cyclosepalon, Carr, 33 ustulatum, Carr, 13 diplantherum, Carr, 27 Dendrocolla fulgens, Ridl., 46 fenestratum, J.J.S.. 33 DUE Dendrolirium coriaceum, Bl., 36 Hanithi, Carr, 20 . ; laxiflorum, Bl. 36 indragiriense, Schltr., 21 Listeri, King & Pantl., 21 Ba ae Shae laxiflorum, Lndl., 21, 22 Desmotrichum compressibulbum, malleolabrum, Carr, 24 Carr, 7 nigropurpureum, Carr, 22, Pl.2 luxurians (J.J.S.) Carr, 9 ovalifolum, Lndl., 27 Diphyes ciliata, Bl., 29 parvulum, Lndl., 27 laxiflora, Bl., 21 poekilon, Carr, 15 ovalifolia, Bl., 27 sarcanthoides, Ridl., 40 nusilla. Bl.. 27 taluense (J.J.S.) Carr, 22 Fonaifolte: BL. 29 tenuifolium, Lndl., 29 tortuosa. Bl... 21 tortuosum, Lndl., 21 ; << see % uniflorum, Hassk. var. pluri-Diplocaulobium malayanum, Carr, florum, Carr, 30 6 uniflorum Hassk. var. rubrum#yia coriacea. Rehb. f., 37 (Ridl.) Carr, 29 laxiflora, Miq., 37 uniflorum. Hassk. var. varie- suleata. Lndl.. 36 i Bh ert 29 Teysmannii, J.J.S., 35 varie oitle, 1dal., P . xylocarpi, J.J.S., 27 Liparis rhombea, J.J.S., 6 Camarotis apiculata, Rchb. f., 54 Malaxis pumilio, Rehb. f., 4 Microsaccus ampullaceus. J.J.S., 52 Ceratostylis gracilis, Bl., 6. brevifolius, J.J.S.. 52 Chamaeanthus sarcanthoides sumatranus. J.J.S.. 52 (Ridl.) Carr, 40, Pl. 4B truncatus, Carr, 52 Cheirorchis, Carr, 40 Microstylis reniloba, Carr, 4 Cheirorchis breviscapa, Carr, 41,Monochilos gracile, Lndl., 2 Pl. 3 Oberonia anthrovophora, Lndl., 4 filiformis (Hook. fil.) Carr, 46, aurantiaca, Ridl., 4 Pl. 4A condensata. Ridl., 37 fulgens (Ridl.) Carr, 45 laeta. J.J.S.. 4 maior, Carr, 43 pumilio, Rehb. f.. 4 pulverulenta, Carr, 45 semifimbriata, J.J.S., 4 Chroniochilus tjidadapensis, J.J.S., Trewbii. Ridl., 4 40) Octarrhena parvula, Thw., 37 Gardens Bulletin, S.S “_— a) oo Some Malayan Orchids, IIT. 57 Phalaenopsis amethystina, Rchb. f.,Psychechilos gracile, Breda, 2 37 bella, T. & B. 37 Hebe, Rehb. f., 37 Phreatia bracteata, Ames, 36 coriacea, Lndl., 36 laxiflora, Lndl., 36 nana, Hook. f., 37 parvula, Hook. f., 37 suleata, J.J.S., 36 Phyllorchis ciliata, O.K., 29 laxiflora, O.K., 21 ovalifolia, O.K., 27 parvula, O.K., 27 tenuifolia, O.K., 29 tortuosa, O.K., 21 Saccolabium flaveolum, Ridl., 54 macrantherum, Ridl., 54 saxicolum, Ridl., 54 Sarcanthus apiculatus, J.J.S., 54 Sarcochilus filiformis, Hook. f., 46 tjidadapensis (J.J.S.) Carr, 40 Thelasis succosa, Carr, 35 Thrixspermum pulchrum, Carr, 48 Pl. 5A tenuicalear Carr, 46 Pl. 4C Trichotosia Teysmannii (J.J.S.) Kel. 35 Vanda tricolor, Lndl. var. pur- purea, Carr, 38 Pomatocalpa elongatum, Carr, 50 Zeuxine gracilis, Bl., 2 Vol. VII. (1932). 58 C. E. CARR. Plate 1. “s Coelogyne membranifolia, Carr. a,b. Dorsal sepal. c,d. Lateral sepal. e,f. Petals. g. Lip, spread out. h. Column. i,j. Pollinia. All natural size. Plate 2. Bulbophyllum nigropurpureum, Carr. Plant. Dorsal sepal. Lateral sepals. Petal. Lip, spread out. Flewer, from the side. F Column with 3 anthers. a. Slightly reduced, remainder enlarged. a ee aed Se 09 Plate 3. Cheirorchis breviscapa, Carr. Plant. Flower, in section. Dorsal sepal. Lateral sepal. Petal. Lip, spread out. Lip, in section. Powder grains. Column, from above. Anther, from above. Anther, from below. Pollinia from above. m. Pollinia from below. a. Slightly reduced, remainder enlarged. Plate 4 Fig. A. Cheirorchis filiformis, Carr. eee TRmoao TD a Flower, in section. b Lip, spread out. c. Dorsal sepal. d. Lateral sepal. e Petal. f Pollinia, from above. g. Pollinia, from below. a, c, d, e. Slightly reduced, remainder enlarged. Plate 4 Fig. B. Chamaeanthus sarcanthoides, Carr. a Plant. b. Lateral sepal. c. Petal. d. Lip, spread out. e, Anther, from above. a. Natural size, remainder enlarged. Gardens Bulletin. S.S. Some Malayan Orchids, IIT. Plate 4 Fig. C. Thrixspermum tenuicalcar, Carr. a. Rachis with flower in section. b. Dersal sepal. e Lateral sepal. d. Petal. e. Lip in section. £ Column. g. Anther, from above. h. Anther, from below. rh Pollinia from above. a. Natural size, remainder enlarged. Plate 5 Fig. A. Thrixspermum pulchrum, Carr. a. Flower, in section. b. Dorsal sepal. €. Lateral sepal. d. Petal. e. Lip, from above. €: Lip, spread out. g. Column. h. Anther, from below. ‘ Anther, from above. j. Pollinia from above. k. Pollinia from below. b, c, d, e. Natural size, remainder enlarged. Plate 5 Fig. B. Abdominea macranthera, Carr. Flower, in section. Dorsal sepal. Lateral sepal. Petal. Anther, from above. Anther, from below. Pollinia, from below. Pollinia, from the side. STRmroao sy & All enlarged. Vol. VII. (1932). Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII Plate 2 Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII Plate 4 YW ¢ Yd p ECD e a i g Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII — cme meee wee eee eee eee ee Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII THE GENUS TAENIOPHYLLUM IN THE MALAY PENINSULA. Bu G.. i. Carr, ¥.L:S. with plates 6-14. In Mr. Ridley’s Flora of the Malay Peninsula, Vol. IV, four species of the genus Taeniophyllum are described. Since the publication of that work thirteen additional species have been discovered, chiefly in Pahang, twelve of them being regarded as new species. These new species are here described and illustrated, and a key is given covering all the species now known to occur in the Peninsula. Of those described by Mr. Ridley, T. macrorrhizum Ridl. is found to be identical with T. filiforme J. J.S., and T. serrula Hook. fil. with T. obtuswm BI. TAENIOPHYLLUM, Bl. Small leafless plants, usually epiphytic but rarely terrestrial. Stem short, covered with minute subulate sheaths, sometimes branched. Roots elongate, slender and more or less triangular in section, terete or flattened and ribbon-like with two rows of pneuma- thodes on the under-surface. Inflorescence short and stout or with elongate filiform peduncle, glabrous, warty, papillose or muricate. Bracts alternate or quaquaversal. Sepals and petals subsimilar, adnate at the base or free, glabrous or hairy. Lip entire or 3—lobed, spurred, with or without an apical horn-like appendage, glabrous or hairy; spur subglobose subconic or subcylindric often conspicuously dilate below the apex, sometimes closed by a perforated membrane, with or without a swollen gland near the apex. Column short, stigm. with short or long lobes. Anther 4—celled or 2-celled, beak elongate short or 0. Pollinia 4, equal or unequal, pyriform, attached to a linear or spathu- late caudicle and an oblong or elliptic disc. The genus possesses a considerable range of distribu- tion. Approximately 170 species are known ranging from Ceylon and Sikkim through the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Celebes and Moluccas, New Guinea, Samoa, New Caledonia, Tahiti, Fiji to Australia (T. Muelleri, Lndl.). To the North-east it ranges through the Philippines to Japan with one representative (T. aphyllum. Makino). Taeniophyllum reaches its maximum development in Sumatra (6), The Malay Peninsula (17), Java (21) Borneo (6), the Celebes (9) and New Guinea, from which some 84 species have been described. It seems tolerably certain that intensive investigation will reveal the presence of many Vol. VII, (1982). ~ + 62-_ C. Ey CARR. more species in Sumatra, Borneo the Celebes and ‘the Moluccas. Schlechter, in Fedde Repert. Beih. i (1913), divided the genus into 2 sub-genera, Codonosepalum with sepals and petals adnate at the base and Hutaeniophyllum with sepals and petals free. As the accompanying table shows, separate treatment of the two sub-genera accentuates New Guinea, with 80 species, as the centre of development of Hutaeniophyllum which is comprised of some 123 species. The smaller sub- genus, Codonosepalum, on the other hand will be found to posses the wider geographical distribution with T. Alwzisi, Lndl. in Ceylon, T. scaberulum, Hook. F. in Tranvancore, T. retrospiculatum, K. and P. in Sikkim, T. aphyllum, Makino in Japan. T. minutissimum, Schltr. in New Cale- donia and 7. Muelleri, Lndl. in Australia. New Guinea has but 4 representatives of Codonosepalum, the centre of development of which lies further West in Java (13) Borneo (3), the Malay Peninsula (9) and Sumatra (4). Further investigation of Borneo and Sumatra is likely still further to accentuate this. DISTRIBUTION TABLE. Codonosepalum Eutaeniophyllum Ceylon Travancore Sikkim Malay Peninsula Sumatra .. Java Borneo Philippines Japan Celebes Moluccas New Guinea New Caledonia Rismark Is Carolin Is Palau Is .. Tahiti Society Is Fiji Samoa Australia - | | H | Par WHEW ROR Jrermenm| HyH Smal] wwonwoar| | The majority of the species are epiphytic on branches of shrubs and trees, and the genus is represented both in Gardens Bulletin, S.S. | | Taeniophyllum 63 the low country and in the hills. Some species, such as T. viride, Carr, T. Stella, Carr. and T. tjibodasanum, J. J. S. etc. appear to thrive on portions of dead twigs on the ground equally well as cn living trees, and the Javanese T. radiatum, J. J. S. is both epiphytic and terrestrial on stones. They seem to prefer the tips of the branches among the leaves and, owing to their small size, are very difficult to see. Most of the species are free—flowering and in many cases inflorescences continue to produce flowers at inter- vals of a few days for manv months. A well established plant will supnort many inflorescences at the same time. While both Codonosepalum and Eutaeniophyllum have members whose flowers remain fresh for several davs, generallv speaking the species of Codoncsepalum flower by night, the flowers withering in the morning. while the species of Hutaeniophylium flower by day and wither in the evening. The nearest affinity of the genus is with Microtatorchis, Schltr., a genus with at present few members outside New Guinea and no known representatives in the Peninsula. Two sections of Taeniophiullum, namely Loboglossum. Schitr. and Trachylenus, Schltr. are as yet unrepresented in this country while three new sections, namely Mitocaulon, Amphilaphes and Dichanthera are here proposed. KEY TO SUB-GENERA AND SECTIONS. Sepals and petals adnate at Sub-genus Codonosepalum base Schltr. Bracts alternate Sepalocodon, Schltr. nos. J-8 Bracts quaquaversal Mitocaulon, Carr no. 9 Sepals and petals free Sub-genus Eutaeniophyllum Schltr. Beak of anther short Bracts quaquaversal Amphilavhes, Carr nos. 19-11 Bracts alternate Brachyanthera, Schltr. nos. 12-15 Beak of anther elongate Flowers glabrous Rhyncanthera, Schltr. no. 16 Beak of anther separat- ed by a_ transverse groove. Flowers hairy Dichanthera, Carr no. 17 Vol. VII. (1932). 64 C. E. CARR. KEY TO THE SPECIES. CODONOSEPALUM, Schltr. Sepais and petals sdnate at base. 1. SEPALOCODON, Schltr. Bracts alternate Roots very slender, more or less triangular in section. Flowers minute, yellow-green or greenish Flowers small, greenish white. Flowers small, pink. Roots slender, terete. Flowers small pale whitish. Roots flattened, smooth. Flowers small whitish. Apical appendage of lip minute, tooth-like. Flowers rather large, apical appendage of lip O. | Flowers medium, — salmon, apical appendage of lip well developed. Roots flattened, minutely wrinkled. Flowers small, deep pink. Peduncle elongate, filiform. 2. MITOCAULON, Carr. quaquaversal. Roots flattened, smooth. Flowers small, greenish or yellow-green. Peduncle elong- ate, filiform. EKUTAENIOPHYLLUM, Schltr. Sepals and petals free. j 3. AMPHILAPHES, Carr. Anther beak short, Bracts quaquaversal. Rachis lax. Flowers medium, yellow and white. Rachis dense. Flowers minute, white Bracts 4. BRACHYANTHERA, Anther’ beak _ short, Schltr. Bracts 10. td, rd Se eS . pahangense, Carr . viride, Carr . rubrum, Ridl. . tjibodasa- num, de . campanula- tum, Carr . stella, Carr . interme- dium, Carr rugulosum, Carr . culiciferum, Ridl. . montanum, Carr . micran- thum, Carr Gardens Bulletin, 8.S, ’ 4 d F 4 Taentophyllum 65 alternate. Spur conic. Rachis __ dense. Flowers small. Lip concave entire. 12. . obtusum, BI. Rachis lax. Flowers me- 13. . calceolus, dium. Lip 3-—lobed. Carr Spur cylindric. Flowers small. Lip concave 14. T. pallidifio- at base, apex fleshy grooved, rum, Carr blade glabrous. Flowers medium. Lip con- 15. T. annulife- cave, blade hairy. rum, Garr ge eee 5. RHYNCANTHERA, — Schltr. Anther beak elongate Peduncle elongate, filiform. 16. T. filiforme, Spur elongate, clubbed. Bas hate A 6. DICHANTHERA, Carr. Anther beak separated by a transverse groove. Flowers hairy. Side lobes of lip large, rounded, mid- 17. T. rostratum. lobe minute. Carr 1. Taeniophyllum (§Sepalocodon) pahangense, sp. nov. Pl. 6 A. Caulis minutus. Radices sectione transversa triangulares. Inflorescentiae multifiorae; pedunculus fili- formis, dense breviter muricatus, apicem versus dilatatus; rachis flexuosa sinuosaque. Bracteae late triangulares, minute muricatae. Flores parvi, vix expansi. Sepala petalaque bene ultra medium adnata, 1-—nervia, sepalis lateralibus ad labellum decurrentibus, parte libera haud recurva, carnosa. Sepalum dorsale (parte libera) ellip- ticum, apice triangulariter incrassato. Sepala lateralia (parte libera) lineari-lanceolata, obtusa. Petala (parte libera) hastato-ovata, subacuta. Labellum 3-lobum, subsaccatum, calearatum; lobi Jaterales erecti, brevissimi, lati, rotundati, marginibus anticis lamella V—formi excava- tionem magnam suborbicularem formante omnino sejunctis; lobus intermedius oblongus, acuminatus, sub apice abrupte angustatus, apice in forma setae brevis incurvo, margines versus valde incrassatus; calear subtus visum subglobosum, supra et subtus conspicue compressum, intus papillosum. Brachia stigmatis oblonga. Anthera 4—loculata. Pollinia 4, pyriformia vel cuneiformia. inacqualia, stipite brevissimo cblongo, glandula anguste triangulari-ovata, Vol. VII. (19382), 66 C. E. CARR. x — Stem minute, erect, densely rooting. Roots many, long, appressed to the substratum, triangular in transverse section, pale green, c. 08 cm. diam. Inflorescences erect, many-flowered; peduncle filiform, densely shortly muricate, dilate towards the apex, a tubular sheath at the base and another about the middle, green, .40-1 cm. long; rachis flexuous and sinuous, up to ec. 1.50 em. long, internodes .04— .20 cm. long. Bracts alternate appressed to the pedicel and ovary, broadly triangular. highly convex, minutely muricate, green, c. .05 cm. long. Flowers small, scarcely expanded, appearing in succession, usually 2 open at the same time, lasting for more than 1 day, pale yellow-green or greenish, .19-.21 cm. long to the tip of the spur. Sepals and petals adnate to beyond the middle into a tube, 1l—nerved, the lateral sepals adnate to the lip, free part not recurved fleshy. Upper sepal in all c. .17 cm. long free part elliptic, apex thickened triangular c. .075 cm. long. Lateral sepals in all ce. .15 cm. long, free part linear-lanceolate, obtuse, c. .06 cm. long. Petals in all c. .14 cm. long, free part hastate-ovate sub- acute c. .05 cm. long. Lip 3—lobed, subsaccate, spurred, without the spur c. .14 cm. long, c...07 em. wide; side lobes erect, very short, broad, rounded. anterior margins joined by a transverse broadly V-shaped lamella enclosing a large suborbicular subsaccate excavation at the base of the blade; midlobe oblong, acuminate, abruptly narrowed below the apex, the apex itself about rightangularly incurved in the form of a short curved spine, very fleshy, margins much thickened rounded, c. .10 cm. long, c. .06 em. wide; spur subglobose as seen from beneath, much flattened above and below, papillose inside, c. .07 cm. long, the mouth closed by a verforated membrane. Column short, stigmatic arms oblong. Anther 4-celled, anterior pair oblong separated by a groove and senarated by a wide transverse groove from the suborbicular smaller decurved posterior pair, white. Pollinia 4, the anterior pair usually larger but sometimes all unequal, cuneate to pvriform, flattened inside, convex or arched outside, pale yellow, caudicle very short oblong, disc narrowly triangular-ovate. Ovary 6—grooved, c. .10 cm. long, pedicel terete c. .04 cm. long. Pahang, Sat river at about 400 feet altitude on Dipterocarpus oblongifolius. This curious little species is at once characterised by the suhsaccate area at the base of the blade of the lip. The spine-like process of the lip common to most species of the section is situate at the very apex which is incurved at right angles to the blade. Described from living plants. Gardens Bulletin, SS. 2 a ee Taeniophyllum 67 2. Taeniophyllum (§Sepalocodon) viride, sp. noy. Pl. 6 B. Caulis tenuis. Radices elongati, angusti, sectione transvera triangulares. Inflorescentiae multiflorae, pedun- culo filiformi, rachide flexuosa sinuosaque. Bracteae alterna- tim bifariae, triangulares vel ovatotriangulares. Flores parvi. Sepala petalaque 1—nervia, basi adnata, sepalis late- ralibus ad labellum decurrentibus. Sepala (parte libera) lineari-lanceolata, obtusa. Petala (parte libera) ovato- lanceolata, acuminata, acuta. Labellum 3—lobum, calcara- tum; lobi laterales erecti, ambitu triangulares, obtusi, mar- ginibus anticis lamella transversa erosa excavationem subor- bicularem formante conspicue sejunctis; lobus intermedius subulatus, apicem versus in setam incurvam praesertim denticulatam instructus; calear subglobosum, eglandulosum. Gynostemium breve, brachiis stigmatis oblongis obtusis. Anthera 4—loculata, loculis anticis ovalibus quam loculas posticas suborbiculares majoribus. Pollinia 4, ovata, intus compressa, inaequalia, anticis minoribus, stipite parvo oblongo, glandula triangulari-ovata. Stem rather slender, densely rooting, up to c. .50 cm. long. Roots elongate, narrow, triangular in transverse section, grey-green, c. .08 to .10 cm. wide, c. .04 cm. thick. Inflorescences erect, many-flowered, peduncle filiform dilate upwards bright green up to c. 1 cm. long, rachis flexuous sinuous up to c. .70 cm. long, internodes c. .05 cm. long. Flowers appearing singly at intervals opening in the even- ing and lasting 1 night, well expanded, greenish white, c. .25 cm. long, c. .20 em. across. Sepals and petals adnate at base into a tube c. .10 cm. long, 1—nerved, the lateral sepals shortly adnate to the lip, the free parts recurved spreading. Free part of sepals linear-lanceolate, obtuse, c. .20 cm. long, c. .06 cm. wide. Free part of petals ovate- lanceolate, acute, c. .15 cm. long, c. .05 cm. wide. Lip 3- lobed, spurred, spread out c. .20 cm. long, across the side lobes c. .15 cm. wide; side lobes erect, roundly triangular, obtuse, the anterior margins joined by a transverse erose lamella enclosing a suborbicular excavation at the base of the lip, c. .03 cm. long, c. .05 cm. wide; midlobe subulate, acute, bearing towards the fleshy apex an incurved some- times minutely toothed spine c. .05 to .075 cm. long, c. .15 cm. long, c. .05 cm. wide; spur subglobose, gland 0, c. .07 em. long. Column short, gireen, stigmatic arms oblong obtuse parallel projecting down into the excavation at the base of the lip. Anther 4-celled, the anterior cells oval larger than the suborbicular decurved posterior ones, apex truncate. Pollinia 4, ovate, flattened inside, unequal, the anterior pair smaller, yellow, caudicle small oblong white, dise triangular-ov:”e white. Vol. VII. (1932). 68 C. EXGarr Pahang, Tembeling, common on trees or on dead branches and twigs upon the ground. : This plant is an ally of T. tenerrimum, J. J. S. from Java but differs apparently in the structure of petals and lip and the absence of appendages at the base of the bracts. Described from living plants. 3. Taeniophyllum (§Sepalocodon) rubrum, Ridl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxii. 363% Mat. 1. 174: Fill Migieeee ive TROP 2s Pahang, Tembeling, not uncommon. A pretty little plant with pink flowers lasting for several days. It is free flowering, each inflorescence lasting for many months. 4. Taeniophyllum (§Sepalocodon) tjibodasanum, J.J.S. in Fedde Repert. xxix. (1931) 251. Pl. 7 B. Pahang, Fraser Hill at an altitude of 4,000 feet, com- mon on small trees and vines in the forest. The greenish white flowers resemble those of T. viride, Carr but it differs in the stouter terete roots, the larger flowers, the sepals and petals being adnate to about the middle, the entire transverse lamella of the lip and the spur papillose inside with a gland near the apex. Moreover the flowers last for more than 1 night. Distribution:— Java. 5. Taeniophyllum (§Sepalocodon) campanulatum, sp. nov. Pl. 8 A. Caulis brevis. Radices elongati. Inflorescen- tiae multiflorae. Bracteae alternatim bifariae, triangulari- ovatae, acutae. Flores campanulati. Sepala petalaque bene ultra mediim adnata, l—nervia, sepalis lateralibus ad labellum decurrentibus, sepalis (parte libera) triangularibus obtusis, petalis (parte libera) triangulariovatis obtusis. Labellum 3-lobum, calcaratum; lobi laterales brevissimi, lati, ambitu triangulares, obtusi; lobus intermedius ovato- lanceolatus, apice in dentem parvum rectangulariter in- curvo; calear subtus visum ovatum, a latere visum sub- globosum, intus dense papillosum apice glandula parva ornatum, fauce membrana clauso. Brachia _ stigmatis oblonga, obtusa. Anthera 4—-loculata. Polinia 4, pyriformia, stipite oblongo apicem versus spathulatim dilatato, glandula late elliptica. Stem short. Roots elongate, fleshy, appressed to the substratum, flattened above and beneath, grey-green, .07 ‘to 15 cm. diam. Inflorescences erect or érecto-patent, many- flowered, peduncle filiform thickened upwards .30-.60 cm. long, rachis flexuous sinuous c. .30 cm. long. Bracts altcrnate, triangular-ovate, acute. Flowers appearing 1-2 Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Taeniophyllum 69 together at short intervals and lasting more than 1 day, campanulate, whitish, .35-.42 cm. long. Sepals and petals adnate to well beyond the middle into a tube, 1—nerved, outside subverruculose, in texture rather fleshy, lateral sepals adnate to the lip, in all .25—.30 cm. long, free parts hardly expanded almost parallel. Free part of sepals triangular, obtuse, c. .10 cm. long c. .09 cm. wide. Free part of petals triangular-ovate, obtuse, c. .09 cm. long and as wide. Lip 3-lobed spurred, spread out without the spur ec. .24- .28 cm. long, c. .11—.13 cm. wide across the side lobes; side lobes erect, very short, broad, roundly triangular, obtuse, fleshy, c. .02 cm. long, c. .10 cm. wide, a transverse lamella at the base of the anterior margins produced at the apex in the form of a V enclosing an excavation at the base of the blade; midlobe ovate-lanceolate, apex rightangularly incurved in the form of a small erect tooth, concave inside .14—.18 cm. lon-; spur as seen from below ovate, as seen from the side subglobose, inside densely papillose with a swollen gland at the tip, the mouth closed by a perforated membrane, c. .10—.12 cm. long. Column very short, green, ce. .05 cm. long, stigmatic arms oblong obtuse. Anther 4—celled, the oblong anterior cells much larger than the suborbicular posterior ones, white, c. .04 cm. long. Pollinia 4, pyriform, equal, yellow, caudicle oblong spathulately dilate towards the apex white, disc broadly elliptic white. Ovary 6—grooved. Pahang, Fraser Hill at 4,000 feet altitude. This plant is allied to T. proliferum, J.J.S. from Java but differs in the more slender shorter rachis and the dis- tinctly 3—-lobed lip with the much shorter apical appendage reduced to a short tooth. Described from living plants. 6. Taeniophyllum (§Sepalocodon) Stella, sp. nov. Pl. 8 B. Caulis, brevis, validus. Radices elongati, valde com- planati, tenues, taeniaeformes. Inflorescentiae multiflorae pedunculo terete brevissime muriculato, rachide erecta flexuosave sinuosa lateribus minute muriculata intus com- planata vel canaliculata. Bracteae .alternatim - bifariae, ovato-triangulares, acute apiculatae extus minute muri- culatae. Flores majusculi. Sepala petalaque 1—nervia, basi adnata, sepalis lateralibus ad labellum decurrentibus. Sepalum dorsale (parte libera) subulatum, ccutum. Sepala lateralia (parte libera) subulata, acuta subacutave. Pe- tala (parte libera) linearilanceolata, acuta. Labellum integrum, calearatum; lamina rhombeo-lanceolata, acumi- nata, acuta, super basin in membranam transversam horizontalem apicem versus V—formem excavationem sub- Vol. VII. (1932). 70 ‘C. E. Carr. quadratam formans elevata, super excavationem vix usque ad apicem carinata, apice leviter lateraliter compresso esetitero; calcar subtus visum subglobosum vel triangulari- ovatum, obtusissimum, supra subtusque compressum, intus minute papillosum, fauce lamella transversa vix omnino clauso. Gynostemium breve, rectum, brachiis stigmatis oblongis obtusis. Polinia 4, pyriformia, stipite obiongo apicem versus spathulatim duatato, glandula ovali. Stem short, stout, densely rooting, up to c. .60 cm. long. Roots elongate, appressed to the substratum, strongiy flattened above and beneath, thin, ribbon-like, rather shiny dark green above, mucn paier beneath, c. .13-.30 cm. wide, c. .05 em. thick. Inflorescences erect, many-flowered; peduncle terete, thickened upwards with 1 or 2 small sheaths at the base and another some distance above, very shortly muriculate, dark green, .40—.80 cm. long; rachis erect or flexuous, sinuous, sides minutely muriculate, flattened or grooved inside, dark green, .30—.50 cm. long, internodes c. .10 cm. long. Bracts alternate, appressed to the pedicel, ovate-triangular, acutely apiculate, inside con- cave, outside convex minutely muriculate, dark green, c. .07 cm. long and as broad. Flowers appearing singly or in pairs at intervals, opening in the evening and lasting one night, .90-1.25 cm. iong to end of spur, .80—-1 cm. wide, pale yellowish white to bright yellow or salmon pink. Sepals and petals l—nerved, adnate at base in the form of a tube for c. .17 cm. tree part strongly recurved spreading, tubular part slightly dilate in the middle. Free part of dorsal sepal subulate, acute, c. .55 cm. long, c. .10 cm. wide. Lateral sepals adnate to the lip at the entrance to the spur, free part subulate acute or subacute c. .50 cm. long ec. .15 cm. wide. Free part of petals linear-lanceolate, acute, c. .50 cm. long, c. .09 cm. wide. Lip entire, spurred, blade rhom- beolanceolate, acuminate, acute, concave inside, a transverse horizontal lamella above the base produced in the form of a V at its apex and enclosing a subquadrate excavation at the base of the blade, keeled from above the excavation to below the apex, rather thickened and laterally flattened towards the apex, seta 0 or represented by a minute tooth, c. .70 cm. long, c. 18 cm. wide; spur seen from beneath subglo- bose or triangular-ovate, very obtuse, rather flattened above and beneath, inside minutely papillose gland 0, mouth almost closed by a transverse lamella, c. .10 cm. long, c. as broad, ec. .04 em. thick. Column short, straight, green, stigmatic arms parallel cblong obtuse projecting down into the ex- cavation at the base of the lip. Anther 4—celled, the pos- terior cells recurved smaller, grooved above between the cells, apex produced to a short truncate or retuse beak, Gardens Bulletin, S.S. a a ee Taeniophyllum 71 white. Pollinia 4 pyriform, flattened inside, yellow, caudicle oblong spathulately dilate towards the apex white, disc oval white. Pahang, Tembeling. This is an ally of T. radiatum, J.J.S. from Java but is at once distinguished by the absence of an apical seta on the lip. In this respect it resembles T. esetiferum, J.J.S. from Borneo but it is a very much larger plant and of quite different structure in regard to the flowers. Described from living plants. 7. Taeniophyllum (§Sepalocodon) intermedium, sp. nov. Pl. 9 A. Caulis pervalidus. Radices elongati, com- planati, taeniaeformes. Inflorescentiae pauciflorae, pedun- culo terete apicem versus leviter incrassato brevissime muricato, rachide brevissime muricata. Bracteae alter- natim bifariae, ambitu triangulares, acute apiculatae, extus brevissime muriculatae. Flores intervallis singulatim expansi, noctu florentes. Sepala petalaque 1—nervia, basi breviter adnata. Sepala (parte libera) subulata, obtusa. Petala (parte libera) subulata, obtusa. Labellum carno- sulum, integrum, calcaratum; lamina subulata, subacuta, sub apice in setam incurvam instructa, basi in lamellam transversam V-formem excavationem triangularem for- mantem alte elevata; calear subglobosum. Gynostemium breve, apicem versus dilatatum, brachiis stigmatis longis, lineari-oblongis. Anthera 4—loculata, loculis posticis bre- vioribus. Pollinia 4, pyriformia, inaequailia, anticis majori- bus, stipite oblongo, glandula subquadrata. Ovarium 6 suleatum, sulcis breviter clavato-pilosis. Stem rather stout, sometimes branched, densely rooting, up to c. .70 cm. long. Roots elongate, appressed to the substratum, flat, taeniaeform, very slightly rounded above and rather shiny dark green, up to c. .20 cm. wide, c. .05 em. thick. Inflorescences erect or erecto-patent, few- flowered; peduncle filiform, slightly thickened upwards with 1 or 2 small sheaths at the base and ec. 2 at intervals above, very shortly muricate, dark green, 1—2.25 cm. long; rachis as thick as apex of peduncle, erect or flexuous, sinuous, very shortly muricate, dark green, up to c. .75 cm. long, internodes .10 to .17 cm. long. Bracts alternate, base appressed to the pedicel, roundly triangular, acutely api- culate, inside concave, outside convex very shortly muri- culate, dark green, c. .07 cm. long and as broad. Flowers appearing singly or in pairs at intervals opening in the evening and lasting 1 night, well expanded, pale salmon pink, c. .50 cm. long. Sepals and petals 1—nerved, shortly adnate at the base into a tube, free part recurved spreading subulate obtuse. Free part of dorsal sepal c. .30 cm. long, Vol. VII. (1932). 72 C. E:-CARR; ec. .05 cm. wide. Free part of lateral sepals c. .30 em. long, c. .06 cm. wide. Free part of petals c. .28 cm. long, c. .05 em. wide. Lip fieshy, entire, spurred; blade subulate, sub- acute, concave, produced below the apex to an incuryed seta ec. .08 em. long, a transverse V-shaped lamella at base forming a triangular excavation at the base of the blade, fully .30 cm. long, c. .10 cm. wide; spur subglobose, the mouth closed by a thin perforated lamella, c. .10 cm. long. Column short, dilate upwards, papillose towards the apex, back produced at apex to a large ovate obtuse fleshy lobe, stigmatic arms long parallel linear-oblong obtuse projecting down into the excavation at the base of the lip, green. Anther 4—celled, anterior cells oblong with a groove between much larger than the suborbicular posterior cells, apex truncate, white. Pollinia, 4, pyriform, unequal, the anterior pair larger, yellow, caudicle oblong white, disc subquadrate white. Ovary 6—-grooved with short stout clavate hairs decumbent or suberect in the grooves, green, c. .14 cm. long. Pahang, Mentakab. This appears to be an ally of T. radiatum J.J.S. from which it differs in the longer peduncle, the smaller flowers and a much longer appendage at the apex of the lip. 8. Taeniophyllum (S$Sepalocodon) rugulosum, sp. nov. Pl. 9 B. Caulis pervalidus. Radices elongati, taeniae- formes, supra subtusque valde compressi, supra dense rugulosi. Inflorescentiae erectae, multiflorae, pedunculo elongato filiformi, rachide compressa sinuosa flexuosa. Flores parvi. Sepala petalaque basi brevissime adnata, sepalis lateralibus ad labellum decurrentibus, partibus liberis valde reflexis. Sepala (parte libera), anguste obtusa. Petala (parte libera) lineari-lanceolata, obtusa. Labellum inconspicue 3—lobum, calcaratum, basin versus in lamellam transversam erosulam antice V—formem basi excavationem transversem oblongam formantem alte elevatum; lobi late- rales erecti, breves, late rotundati; lobus intermedius subulatus, apice incrassato dentem parvum incurvum ferente; calcar subtus visum subglobosum, a latere visum conicum obtusum, intus papillosum apicem versus fasciam humilem late canaliculatam ferens. Gynostemium breve, brachiis stigmatis oblongis obtusis. i Stem rather stout. Roots elongate, ribbon-like, appress- ed to the substratum, strongly flattened above and beneath, densely minutely wrinkled dark green above, up to c. .28 cm. wide. Inflorescences erect, many-flowered; peduncle elongate, filiform base sheathed with another spreading sheath about the middle, c. 2-3 em. long; rachis compressed, dense, flexuous, sinuous, up to c. 1.50 cm. long, internodes Gardens Bulletin, S.S.. Taeniophyllum 73 c. .05 cm. long. Bracts alternate, spreading, triangular, acutely apiculate, deeply convex keeled outside, dark green, c. .08 cm. long and as broad. Flowers appearing at inter- vals 1 or 2 at a time, opening in the evening and lasting 1 night, deep salmon colour. Sepals and petals very shortly adnate at the base, for c. .05 cm., 1—nerved, the lateral sepals shortly adnate to the lip, the free parts strongly reflexed. Free part of sepals subulate, narrowly obtuse, c. .20 cm. long, c. .07 cm. wide. Free part of petals linear-lanceolate, obtuse, c. .18 long, c. .07 cm. wide. lip inconspicuously 3- lobed, spurred, a transversely oblong excavation at the base bounded in front by a transverse minutely erose lamella with a V-form apex, base and side lobes salmon, midlobe much darker, spread out without the spur c. .20 cm. long, ¢c. .13 cm. wide across the side lobes; side lobes short, erect, broad- ly rounded; midlobe slightly recurved, subulate, a small in- curved tooth below the thickened narrowly obtuse apex; spur seen from beneath subglobose, seen from the side conic obtuse, inside minutely papillose with a low broadly grooved cushionlike fascia near the tip, pale salmon pink, c. .06 cm. long. Column short, clinandrium large excavate suborbi- cular, stigmatic arms oblong slightly narrowed towards the truncate-obtuse recurved apex concave inside. Anther 4— celled, the anterior cells much larger than the posterior, white. Ovary 6—grooved, verrucose and shortly clavate- hairy in the grooves. Pahang, Sat river at about 400 feet on a Saraca tree. This plant resembles T. culiciferum, Ridl. but is readily distinguished by the curiously wrinkled surface of the roots and the alternate bracts. There is a plant, apparently of this, undetermined in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was collected in 1858 by Mr. J. Motley at Bangarmassin in Borneo, No. 626. Described from spirit material and colour notes. 9. Taeniophyllum (§Mitocaulon) culiciferum, Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. iv. (1924) 176. Pl. 10. Pahang, Tembeling on small trees in the forest. In Pahang this is a common species, second only to T. obtusum, Bl. in abundance. It is a hardy, free flowering plant and distinguished, so far as I know, from all other members of the sub-genus Codonosepalum, Schltr. by the fact that the bracts are qua- quaversal. The flowers last for 1 night, opening before dusk and closing in the morning. Vol. VII. (1932). 74 C. E. CARR, 10. Taeniophyllum (§Amphilaphes) montanum, sp. nov. Pl. 11 A. Caulis brevis, validus, ad c. .75 cm. longus. Radices elongati, taeniaeformes, carnosuli, ad c. .28 em. lati. Inflorescentiae multifiorae, pedunculo terete ad c. .50 cm. longo, rachide incrassata sinuosa ad c. 1.50 em. longa, inter- nodis minutis. Bracteae quaquaversae, breviter late ovatae, acute apiculatae. Sepalum dorsale oblongum, obtusum, extus carinatum. Sepala lateralia calcari adnata, ovata, acuta, basi angustata, extus valde carinata. Petala sub- falcata, anguste oblonga, obtusa, extus carinata. Labellum inconspicue 3-lobum, calcaratum, lamina papillosa basi pilosa, lobis lateralibus rotundate triangularibus obtusis papillosis, lobo intermedio brevissimo lato triangulari obtuso. Gynostemium breve, validum, clinandrio excavato, rostello brevi triangulari concavo marginibus incurvis, stigmate reniformi lobis brevibus latis triangularibus. Stem short, stout, densely rooting, up to c. .75 cm. long. Roots elongate, ribbon-shaped, appressed to the substratum, rather fleshy, dark green above paler beneath, up to c. .28 ecm. wide, c. .13 em. thick. Inflorescences many-flowered, peduncle terete with a small tubular sheath at base and sometimes another higher up ec. .50 cm. long, rachis thick- ened erect or flexuous sinuous up to ec. 1.50 em. long internodes minute. Bracts quaquaversal, appressed to the pedicel, shortly broadly ovate, acutely apiculate, margins minutely toothed, inside deeply concave, outside highly convex keeled towards the apex warty and minutely muri- cate, dark green, c. .09 cm. long, c. .12 cm. wide. Flowers appearing singly at intervals. Sepals and petals at first bright green turning yellow as they expand. Upper sepal oblong, obtuse, 1l—nerved, inside concave, outside convex keeled subverrucose very sparingly clavate-hairy, c. .28 cm. long, c. .138 cm. wide. Lateral sepals adnate to the spur of the lip and very shortly adnate to the column, triangular, acute, base narrowed falcately curved, 1—nerved, inside con- cave, outside convex strongly keeled subverrucose very sparingly clavate-hairy, c. .28 cm. long, c. .17 cm. wide. Petals subfalcate, narrowly oblong, obtuse, inside concave, outside convex keeled subverrucose very sparingly clavate- hairy, c. .20 cm. long, c. .08 cm. wide. Lip inconspicuously 3-lobed, spurred, blade between the side lobes concave 9— nerved papillose hairy at the base, white, spread out c. .46 cm. long, c. .83 cm. wide across the side lobes, side lobes erect roundly triangular obtuse papillose, midlobe very short broad roundly triangular obtuse papillose, spur cylindric straight slightly dilate towards the obtuse apex keeled above flattened rather concave beneath inside papillose hairy at the mouth c. .25 cm. long. Column fairly stout, clinandrium Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Taeniophyllum 75 excavate, rostellum short triangular concave margins incurved, stigma large reniform the lobes short broad triangular, the whole c. .10 cm. tall. Anther 2-celled cells oblong partly closed at the base by a small triangular la- mella, seen from above suborbicular grooved the apex produced to a quadrate truncate beak, the whole c. 12 cm. long, c. .10 cm. wide. Pollinia 4, yellow, caudicle linear white c. .05 cm. long, disc oblong obtuse from the triangular base c. 0.25 cm. long c. .20 cm. wide. Ovary 6—grooved, green, c. .25 cm. long, pedicel terete c..15 cm. long. Capsule cylindric, warty, dark green, c. 1.90 cm. long, c. .40 cm. diam., pedicel c. .25 cm. long c. .10 cm. diam. Pahang, Fraser Hill at c. 4,000 feet altitude, not un- common. This plant is well distinguished by the fact that the bracts are not alternate. Described from spirit material and colour notes. 11. Taeniophyllum (§Amphilaphes) micranthum, sp. nov. Pl. 11 B. Caulis validus. Radices elongati, supra rotundati, subtus complanati. Inflorescentiae erectae flexuo- saeve, pedunculo terete minute muricato, rachide incrassata compressa dense multiflora. Bracteae quaquaversae, triangulares, acutae, extus carinatae minute muricatae. Flores minuti, albi, haud expansi. Sepalum dorsale oblongo- lanceolatum, obtusissimum vel truncatum. Sepala lateralia ovato-lanceolata, obtusissima truncatave. Petala elliptica, obtusa. Labellum integrum, carnosulum, calcaratum; lamina obovata, apici in tuberculam parvam conicam pro- ducta, subtus carinata, marginibus erectis; calcar conicum, subapice obtuso paulo angustatum, dorso sensim compres- sum, lateribus leviter dilatatis. Gynostemium brevissimum. Anthera oblonga. Pollinia 4, pyriformia. Stem stout, densely rooting, up toc. .70 cm. long. Roots elongate, appressed to the substratum, fleshy rounded above, flattened beneath, green, up to c. .18 cm. wide, c. .08 cm. thick. Inflorescences erect or flexuous shortly densely many-flowered; peduncle terete, thickened upwards, glabrous, 1 or 2 very small appressed triangular sheaths at base and 1 or 2 bracteiform above, green, up to c. .70 em. long; rachis thickened, compressed, dense, up to c. .35 em. long, internodes minute. Bracts quaquaversal, spread- ing scarcely appressed to the pedicel triangular, acute, inside concave, outside convex keeled minutely muricate, green c. .08 cm. long, c. .10 cm. wide. Flowers appearing singly in succession, the second opening as the first withers, lasting several days, not expanding, minute, white, c. .15 Vol. VII. (1932). 76 . C. E. CARR, cm. long, c. .10 cm. wide. Upper sepal oblong-lanceolate, apex very obtuse or truncate, l—nerved, inside concave, outside convex conspicuously keeled sparsely verrucose, c. .10 cm. long, c. .05 cm. wide. Lateral sepals running down the lip, ovate-lanceolate, very obtuse or truncate, 1—nerved, inside deeply concave, outside highly convex conspicuously keeled sparsely verrucose, c. .10 cm. long, c. .05 em. wide. Petals elliptic, obtuse, 1-nerved, sometimes minutely erose, c. .09 cm. long, c. .085 cm. wide. Lip porrect, entire, rather fleshy, spurred, including the spur up to c. .13 em. long; blade obovate with a small conic tubercle at the apex, margins erect, inside concave, outside conspicuously keeled, c. .08 cm. long and as broad; spur conic narrowed beneath below the obtuse apex, rather flattened on the back, sides dilate in the form of a rather wide keel, papillose inside, c. .05 em. long. Column very short, forming an obtuse angle with the ovary. Anther oblong 2-celled, white. Pollinia 4, pyriform, flattened beneath, bright yellow, caudicle ob- long white, disc oval white. Ovary 6—grooved, c. .06 cm. long. Pahang, Fraser Hill at c. 4,000 feet altitude. A very distinct member of the section on account of the very small size of the flowers, the curious thickened compressed and dense rachis and the bracts which are qua- quaversal. The flowers open in steady sequence there being always two open at the same time. Described from the living plant and spirit material. 12. Taeniophyllum (§Brachyanthera) obtusum, BI. Bijdr. 357; Lndl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 226; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. III. 685; J.J.S. Fl. Buit. vi. (Orch.) 625, Atlas CDLXIX: T. Zollingert, Rchb. f. Bonpl.. 1857, 41; Xen. Orch. 202, T. TT, 4, ib , T. Serrula, Hook. f. should be noted as a synonym. This is a very common plant throughout the Peninsula. 13. Taeniophyllum (§Brachyanthera) calceolus, sp. nov. Pl. 12 B. Caulis validus. Radices elongati, supra et subtus compressi. Inflorescentiae validae, multiflorae, pe- dunculo brevissimo, rachide flexuosa sinuosa. Bracteae - alternatim bifariae, late ovatae, acute apiculatae. Sepalum dorsale oblongo-ellipticum, obtusum. Sepala lateralia labello breviter adnata e basi subunguiculata falcate ovata, acuta. Petala e basi lineari falcate oblanceolata, obtusa. Labellum 3—lobum, calcaratum; lobi laterales ambitu trian- gulares, obtusi; lobus intermedius ambitu triangularis, intus profunde concavus, apice incurvo in tuberculam inconspi- cuam conicem elevato; calear conicum, obtusum. Gynoste- mium breve, latum, clinandrio excavato ovato, rostello Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Taeniophyllum 77 triangulari, brachiis stigmatis magnis rotundatis. Anthera 2—loculata, obovata, basi acuta, apice in rostrum subquadra- tum producto. Pollinia 4, pyriformia, stipite e basi anguste lineari apicem versus late spathulatim dilatata, glandula ovali. Ovarium 6-sulcatum, brevissime laxe clavato- pilosum. Stem stout, sometimes branched, densely rooting, up to 1.75 cm. long. Roots as in T. obtusum. Bl. elongate, stout, appressed to the substratum, flattened above and beneath, grey-green, up toc. .32 cm. wide, c. .15 cm. through. Inflores- cences stout, many-flowered, peduncle terete c. .20 cm. long, rachis flexuous sinuous minutely muriculate up to c. 2.50 em. long internodes c. .175 cm. long. Bracts alternate, broadly ovate, acutely apiculate, inside deeply concave, out- side highly convex conspicuously keeled minutely muriculate, dark green suffused orange-brown when old, c. .15 cm. long and as broad. Flowers appearing 1 or 2 at a time and lasting 1 day, well expanded, c. .45 wide and as long. Sepals and petals bright yellow, darker towards the apex. Dorsal sepal incurved about the middle, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, 3—nerved, inside concave, outside convex. keeled, c. .35 cm. long, c. .15 cm. wide. Lateral sepals very shortly adnate to the lip, falcately ovate from the subunguiculate base, acute, or very shortly acutely apiculate, 3—nerved, inside cave, outside highly convex strongly keeled, c. .83 cm. long, c. .17 cm. wide. Petals falcately oblanceolate from the linear base, obtuse, 1—nerved, distinctly incurved from about the middle, inside concave, outside convex, c. .30 cm. long, c. .13 cm. wide. Lip adnate to the column and shortly to the late- ral sepals, 3-lobed, spurred, blade between side lobes fleshy with a deep median groove, white with a purple spot on each side in the sinus of the lobes, spur bright yellow, spread out including the spur ec. .43 cm. long, c. .28 em. wide ac'ross the side lobes; side lobes erect, roundly triangular, obtuse; midlobe roundly triangular, inside deeply concave, apex fleshy incurved and elevate in the form of an inconspicuous conic tubercle; spur conic, obtuse, curved, c. .20 cm. long. Column white with a purple spot on each side of the upper margin and a pale purple spot on each side of the lower margin of the stigma, c. .12 cm. long, c. .17 cm. wide, clinandrium excavate ovate, rostellum triangular, stigmatic arms large suborbicular concave inside. Anther 2—celled, obovate, base acute, cream, apex produced to a subquadrate purple beak, the whole c. .16 cm. long. Pollinia 4, pyriform bright yellow, caudicle towards the apex apathulately dilate from a narrowly linear base white, disc small oval white, the whole c. .10 em. long. Ovary 6—grooved, shortly laxly clavate-hairy. Perlis, coll. Henderson, no. A 619. Vol. VII. (1932). 78 C. E. CARR, This is a close ally of T. obtusum BI. but is a much larger plant with stouter more lax inflorescence, larger flowers with a distinctly 3—lobed lip which is deeply concave with a strongly incurved conic apex. Described from living plants in cultivation, H. B. Singapore. 14. Taeniophyllum (§Brachyanthera) pallidiflorum, sp. nov. Caulis brevis, ad c. .50 cm. longus. Radices elong- ati, complanati taeniaeformes subcylindricive, ad c. .20 cm: lati. Inflorescentiae c. 20-florae, pedunculo .20—.60 cm. longo, rachide erecta flexuosave sinuosa ad ce. 2 cm. longa. Bracteae alternatae, adpressae, triangulares, acute apicula- tae, extus papilloso-verrucosae. Sepalum dorsale ovato- oblongum, truncatum, apici minute erosulum, extus verru- cosum carinatum. Sepala lateralia late ovata, anguste ob- tusa, apici minute erosula, margine antico super basin rotundate dilatato, extus carinata sparse verrucosa. Petala subfalcata lanceolato-oblonga, acuminata, obtusa, apici minute erosula, extus carinata subverrucosa. Labellum in- conspicue 3-lobum, calcaratum, lamina inter lobos laterales concava subtus complanata, lobis lateralibus brevissimis triangularibus acutis tenuibus erectis, lobo intermedio crasse carnoso triangulari-ovato obtuso basi breviter canaliculato, calcare cylindrico apicem versus dilatato supra subtusque complanato sulcis 3 donato extus sparse clavato-piloso intus faucem prope piloso. Gynostemium breve, latum, validum, lobis stigmatis brevibus latis truncatis. Stem short, fairly slender, densely rooting, up to ce. .50 cm. long. Roots elongate, flattened ribbon-like or subcylin- dric, up to c. .20 em. wide, .05—.10 cm. diam. Inflorescences c. 20-flowered, peduncle .20-.60 cm. long, rachis erect or flexuous, sinuous, up to c. 2 cm. long, internodes .10—.15 cm. | long. Bracts alternate, appressed to the pedicel, triangular, acutely apiculate, highly convex papillose-verrucose outside, dark green. Flowers appearing singly at intervals and lasting 1 day, well expanded. Sepals and petals semitrans- parently pale whitish yellow, petals paler. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, apex truncate minutely erosulous, inside concave, outside convex warty with a conspicuous median keel produced slightly beyond the apex, .22—.27 cm. long, .12-.17 cm. wide. Lateral sepals broadly ovate, apex narrowly obtuse minutely erose, anterior margin conspi- cuously roundly dilate above the base, inside concave, outside convex sparsely warty with a very conspicuous median keel, .20—.25 em. long, .13-.18 cm. wide. Petals subfalcate, lanceo- late-oblong, acuminate, apex obtuse minutely erose, posterior margin slightly dilate above the base, inside concave, outside convex subverrucose conspicuously keeled, .22—.25 cm. long, Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Taentophyllum 79 .12—.17 em. wide. Lip inconspicuously 3-lobed, spurred, blade between the side lobes deeply concave flattened beneath or slightly concave, pale yellowish white, spread out c. .40 em. long, c. .20 cm. wide across the side lobes, side lobes erect very short triangular obtuse very thin in texture, midlobe thickly fieshy elevate triangular-ovate obtuse, a short median groove at base; spur longer than the blade, cylindric, clavate- dilate towards the obtuse apex, flattened above and beneath with 3 longitudinal grooves, outside sparsely clavate-hairy, inside hairy at the mouth, c. .25 cm. long. Column short stout, whitish, c. .07 cm. long, clinandrium a little excavate transversely oblong, rostellum triangular obtuse apex up- curved concave above convex beneath, stigma large rather excavate reniform produced upwards on each side of the rostellum the lobes short broad truncate. Anther 2-celled the cells partly closed by a suborbicular lamella, seen from above transversely oblong base shortly grooved, abruptly di- late infront to an oblong truncate beak concave inside. Pollinia 4, oval-pyriform, rather flattened and concave below, yellow, caudicle linear white, disc shortly oblong. Ovary 6-grooved, rather densely clavate-hairy in the grooves, green, with the pedicel c. .30 cm. long. Pahang, Tahan river, altitude c. 400 feet. A close ally of T. annuliferum, Carr, it is a more slender plant and differs in the structure of the lip and in the colour of the flowers. _ Described from plants preserved in spirit, and colour notes. 15. Taeniophyllum (§Brachyanthera) annuliferum, sp. nov. Pl. 18 A. Caulis validus, ad c. 1.50 em. longus. Radices elongati, leviter complanati subcylindricive, ad ec. .25 cm. lati. Inflorescentiae breves, pauciflorae. Bracteae alternatae, triangulares, acute apiculatae. Sepalum dorsale oblongoé¢ellipticum, anguste obtusum, apice interdum denti- culato. Sepala lateralia basi caleari labelli brevissime adnata, ovata, obtusa, margine antico basi rotundate dila- tato. Petala oblongo-lanceolata, anguste obtusa, apice interdum denticulato. Labellum apici inconspicue 3—lobum, calearatum, lamina concava dense pilosa, lobis lateralibus -triangularibus truncatis, lobo intermedio brevi lato ambitu triangulari obtuso, calcare subcylindrico lateribus late di- latato subtus complanato extus sparse clavato-piloso intus fauce papilloso. Gynostemium breve, validum, rostello decurvo triangulari anguste obtuso, lobis stigmatis brevibus latis rotundatis. Stem stout, densely rooting, up to c. 1.50 cm. long. Roots elongate, fairly stout, fleshy, rather flattened or sub- cylindric, light green, up to c. .25 cm. wide, .07—.13 cm. diam. Vol. VII. (1932): 80 : C. E. Carr, Inflorescences short, few-flowered, peduncle minute, rachis thickened sinuous. Bracts alternate, appressed to the pedicel, triangular, acutely apiculate, outside highly convex minutely papillose-verrucose, dark green, c. .10 cm. long. Flowers appearing singly at intervals and lasting 1 day, widely expanded, .50-—.68 cm. long, .40-.50 em. wide. Sepals and petals spreading, semitransparently yellow or ochreous. Upper sepal oblong-elliptic, apex narrowly obtuse sometimes minutely toothed, inside concave, outside convex sparsely warty with an elevate median keel, c. .25 em. long, c. .15 cm. wide. Lateral sepals slightly adnate at base to the spur of the lip, ovate, obtuse, anterior margin roundly dilate at base, inside deeply concave, outside convex warty with a conspicuously elevate median keel, c. .25 cm. long, ec. .15 cm. wide. Petals oblong-lanceolate, narrowly obtuse, apex sometimes minutely toothed, inside concave, outside convex with a median keel, c. .22 cm. long, c. .07 cm. wide. Lip inconspicuously 3—lobed at apex, spurred, blade concave densely hairy pale yellow the spur ochre-yellow, spread out .50-.68 cm. long, c. .20 cm. wide across the side lobes, side lobes erect triangular truncate, midlobe short broad roundly triangular obtuse, spur subcylindric with dilate sides flat- tened beneath outside sparsely clavate-hairy inside papillose at the mouth .27—.36 cm. long. Column short, stout whitish with a pale purple line along the margins towards apex, c. .09 em. long, rostellum decurved triangular narrowly obtuse, lobes of the stigma short broad rounded. Anther 2-celled, cells large oblong partly closed at base by a small subor- bicular lamella, seen from above broadly ovate with a shoct groove at the base, apex abruptly narrowed to a subquadrate truncate beak, ochre with a dark red ring round the margin, beak white. Ovary 6—grooved, furfuraceo-punctate, with pedicel c. .30 cm. long. Kelantan, Gua Musang, altitude c. 500 feet. Described from plants preserved in spirit and colour notes. 16. Taeniophyllum (§Rhyncanthera) filiforme, J.J.S. in Bull. Inst. Bot. Buit. n. 7; Ic. Bog. II, 127, t. CXXV B.; Fl. Buit. vi (Orch.) 623, Atlas CDLXVII. Pl. 13 B. T. macrorrhizum, Ridl. should be noted as a synonym. Pahang, Mentakab. This plant, which is not uncom- mon, is at present our only representative of the section Rhyncanthera. It is interesting from the fact that many of the roots grow more or less erect 2nd make no effort to gain contact with the substratum. The pneumathodes are clearly visible as two rows of oblong white dots on the under-surface of the roots as in 7. pallidiflorum, Carr. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Taeniophyllum 81 17. Taeniophyllum (§Dichanthera) rostratum, sp. nov. Pl. 14. Caulis validus, praeseftim ramosus. Radices elongati, validi, teretes. Inflorescentiae multiflorae, pedun- culo valido brevissimo, rachide flexuosa sinuosaque. Bracteae adpressae, late triangulares, breviter acuminatae. acutae. Flores parvi, bene expansi. Sepala petalaque intus sparse extus dense pubescentia, marginibus ciliatis. Sepalum dorsale oblongum, medio fere subulato-acuminatum, acutum. Sepala lateralia subsigmoidee falcata, lineari- lanceolata, acuta. Petala falcata, linearia, apicem obtusum versus leviter angustata. Labellum 3-—lobum, calcaratum; lobi laterales suberecti, magni, suborbiculares; lobus inter- medius brevissimus, triangularis ovatus, obtusus; calcar oblongum, obtusum, extus breviter pilosum, intus faucem versus longe apicem versus breviter pilosum. Gynostemium brevissimum, validum, brachiis stigmatis ovato-oblongis obtusis. Anthera 2—loculata, transverse oblonga, antice in rostrum magnum ovato-lanceolatum obtusum angustata. Pollinia 4, pyriformia, stipite oblanceolato, glandula ovali. Ovarium 6-—sulcatum cum pedicello dense muricatum.. Stem very stout, sometimes branched, densely rooting up to c. 1.75 cm. long. Roots appressed to the substratum, elongate, terete, stout, fleshy, slightly flattened beneath, dark grey-green, up to c. .30 cm. diam. Inflorescences rather many-flowered, peduncle stout very short covered with muricate sheaths up to c. .15 em. long, rachis flexuous sinuous muricate up to c. 1.20 cm. long internodes up to c. .10 cm. long. Bracts alternate, appressed to the pedicel, broadly triangular, shortly acuminate, acute, fleshy, inside deeply concave, outside highly convex keeled towards the apex densely muricate, dark green, c. .15 cm. long, c. .27 cm. wide at the base. Flowers appearing singly at inter- vals, rather small well expanded. Sepals and petals reflexed from above the base, margins ciliate, inside sparsely outside rather densely pubescent, pale yellow. Dorsal _ sepal strongly reflexed with the back almost touching the ovary, oblong, subulate-acuminate from about the middle, acute, 3—nerved, inside concave, outside convex strongly keeled, ec. .35 cm. long, c. .138 cm. wide. Lateral sepals not adnate to the lip, sigmoidly falcate, linear-lanceolate, acute, 1-— nerved, inside concave, outside convex strongly keeled, c. .25 em. long, c. .10 cm. wide. Petals falcate, linear, slightly narrowed towards the obtuse apex, 1—nerved, inside concave, outside convex keeled, c. .28 cm. long, c. .08 em. wide. Lip 3—-lobed, spurred, rather recurved towards the apex, white, spur yellow, spread out c. .28 cm. long including the spur, c. .25 cm. wide across the side lobes; side lobes suberect, large, suborbicular, many-nerved, hairy at the base, ec. .11 cm. across; midlobe very short, triangular-ovate, obtuse, Vol. VII. (1932). 82 C. E. CARR, c. .03 cm. long and as broad, sinus between the lobes ciliate; spur oblong, slightlv dilate towards the obtuse tip, outside shortly hairy, inside densely long-hairy near the mouth with a few short hairs towards the tip, c. .16 cm. long. Column very short, stout, green clinandrium excavate ovate, rostel- lum produced to a triangular acuminate acute beak, stigmatic arms ovate-oblong obtuse. Anther 2-celled with a low septum in each cell, transversely oblong, grooved above, abruptly narrowed to the beak and separated from it by a transverse groove, pale yellow, without the beak ce. .06 cm. long, c. .08 cm. wide; beak dilate at the base, ovate- lanceolate, obtuse, margins few-toothed triangularly dilate below the apex, convex above, concave below, pale yellow- green, c..12 cm. long. Pollinia 4, pyriform, equal, flattened below, shortly grooved above the base, bright yellow, c. .05 cm. long, filaments bright yellow highly elastic, caudicle oblanceolate apex strongly recurved white, disc oval yellowish. Ovary 6—grooved with the pedicel densely muri- cate. Pahang, Tembeling on a fallen and decaying branch in the forest. Described from the living plant. ‘SoS ‘uyayng suapvy Plate 6 Fig. A. tem OR rho Bo Taeniophyllum Taeniophyllum pahangense, Carr Plant. Flower. Sepals and Petals. Lip, spread out. Lip, from the side. Anther. Pollinia, from the side. Pollinia, from above. Pollinia, from beneath. 1 Pollinium. a. Natural size. Remainder enlarged. Mig. B. ho ho. & g. Taeniophyllum viride, Carr Plant. Flower, in section. Sepals and Petals. Lip, spread out. Anther. Anther, from the side. Pollinia. a. Natural size. Remainder enlarged. Plate 7 Fig. A. ae b. e. Fig. B. Plate 8 Fig. A. wee R hoe eo pe J. Taen‘ophyllum rubrum, Ridl. Plant. Flower, in section. Sepals and Petals. Lip, spread out. Pollinia. a. Natural size. Remainder enlarged. Taeniophyllum tjibodasanum, J.J.S. Flower. Sepals and Petals. Lip, spread out. Anther, from beneath. 1 Pollinium. All enlarged. Taeniophyllum campanulatum, Carr Plant. Sepals and Petals. Lip, spread out. Lip, from the side. Column and anther. Ditto. Anther, from above. Anther, from beneath. Pollinia, from above. Pollinia, from beneath. a. Natural size. Remainder enlarged. Vol. VII. (19382). 83 84 C. E. CARR, Fig.. B: Taeniophyllum Stelia, Carr Plant. Flower. Sepals and Petals. Lip, spread out. Anther, from the side. Anther, from above. ; Anther, from beneath. i, j, k. Pollinia a. Natural size. Remainder enlarged. STRroadn © Plate 9 Fig. A. Taeniophyllum intermedium, Carr a Flower, in section. kb. Sepals and Petals. C. Lip, in section. d Lip, spread out. e.f. Column. g,h. Anther. i, j, k. Pollinia. All enlarged. Fig. B. Taeniophyllum rugulosum, Carr a Plant. b Flower. C Sepals and Petals. d. Lip, spread out. e, Lip, from the side. g. Column. h, Section through the spur. a. Natural size. Remainder enlarged. Plate 10 Taeniophyllum culiciferum, Ridl. a Plant. b Sepals and Petals. C, Lip, spread out. d. Apex of lip. e Column and base of lip, in section. f. Anther. 2. Pollinia. ; a. Natural size. Remainder enlarged. Plate 11 Fig. A. Taeniophyllum mentanum, Carr Flower. Dorsal sepal. Lateral sepal. Petal. Lip. e ; Column. Anther. Pollinia. All enlarged. . Gardens Bulletin, SS. - PRmeoasse . > 3 Fig. B. Pode pie ae i Be fe Taeniophyllum _ 85 Taeniophyllum micranthum, Carr Plant. Flower. Dorsal sepal. ‘ Lateral sepal. Petal. Lip. Flower, from the side. Lip and Column. Lip and Column, from the side. Anther, from beneath. 2 Pollinia. a. Natural size. Remainder enlarged. Plate 12 Fig. A. 1 ee ee eT ae Taeniophyllum pallidiflorum, Carr Plant. Flower. Flower, in section. Dorsal sepal. Lateral sepal. Petal. Lip, spread out. Anther. Pollinia. a. Natural size. Remainder enlarged. Fig. B. Bae pol bho Plate 13 Fig. A. 1, a a a Taeniophyllum caleeolus, Carr Flower. Dorsal sepal. Lateral sepal. Petal. Lip, spread out. Column. Anther, from beneath. 7 Pollinia. All enlarged. Taeniophyllum annuliferum, Carr Plant. Flower. 4 Flower, in section. Dorsal sepal. Lateral sepal. Petal. Lip, spread out. Anther, from above. Anther, from beneath. a. Natural size. Remainder enlarged. Fig. B. Vol. VII. (1932). Taeniophyllum filiforme, J.J.S. a. b. e Plant. Dorsal sepal. Lateral sepal. Plate / Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII “if ¥ : , a ; ; ie t ' i i t . ¢ R | ory . , : / | ale 3 ; eT ee i Ke ‘ ff t . a * ~~ | : ‘ 7 st - ! ‘ i . ul foe i : * : é + 4 i ay % : ) nt ; ‘ 44 . : ’ “ Plate 8 eS RAAAA dial f \} | \ AF \ I / \ ‘4 : Lf \ Ks AM “if it bd b ; —— ——— Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII Plate 9 Ba as eo Fe ee * PIT ae Sat Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII lO Plate Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. V1 Plate I] ; Nit Vi i an uy YY 7 Plate [2 Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII Plate |3. A eee tsPs ig Se cane FS seuss 1 wi WL oe Se The : . | Gardens’ Bulletin STRAITS SETTLEMENTS toth May, 1933 Part 2. CONTENTS. Page a : Medteric to the Flora of the Malay Peninsula, by ‘| £.M.R. Henderson, F.L.S., with plates XV—XXXII k and 2 text figures .. be at el: Oh Index: Se ene o) GE ¥e oa ee aa Notes on hotness Dipterocarpaceae—I, by C. F. || ~ . Symington, B.Sc., with plates XXXIII—XLVII .. 129 ea .. 156 | | Enumeration of Minis va: Ebenaceae, by R. C. Bakhui- zen van den Brink, with plates “XLVIU—L fa OL AtIIA THE GARDENS’ BULLETIN STRAITS SETTLEMENTS Vol. VIL. toth May, 1933 Part; 2 ADDITIONS TO THE FLORA OF THE MALAY PENINSULA. By M. R. Henderson, F.L.s. In the following paper forty-five species of flowering plants are recorded as additions to the flora of the- Malay Peninsula, and a few nomenclatorial changes are made. Of these forty-five species, twenty-nine are described as new to science. The recent more intensive exploration of the limestone areas of the Peninsula has yielded a number of interesting . plants, sixteen additions being recorded from these areas, including four genera hitherto unknown in the Peninsula. Cameron’s Highlands, an extremely interesting area from a botanical point of view, has also added three genera to the flora, as well as six new species. In all, no fewer than nine genera are here recorded which are additions to the flora. They are Acanthopanax (Araliaceae), Aznsliaea (Compo- sitae), Cipadessa (Meliaceae), Keenania (Rubiaceae), Myriophyllum (Halorrhagaceae), Pistacia (Anacardiaceae), Richeriella (Euphorbiaceae), Swmbaviopsis (Euphorbia- ceae), Sycopsis (Hamamelidaceae). It is interesting to note that of these the following are unknown from the Malay Islands, but that each has a representative in Luzon in the Philippines :—Acanthopanax, Pistacia and Sycopsis. The genus Richeriella has hitherto been known only from one species in the Philippines. I am indebted to the Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and the staff of the Herbarium; to Mr. H. N. Ridley and Dr. E. D. Merrill for much kindly help; and to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta, the Botanic Gardens, Buitenzorg and the Bureau of Science, Manila for the loan of valuable material for comparison. The drawings in this paper have all been made from herbarium specimens. we ee x. . 87 88 M. R. HENDERSON. ANONACEZ. Goniothalamus tortilipetalum, sp. nov. (Plate XV). A G. giganteo, Hook. fil. et Thoms. cui probabiliter affi- nis, foliis glabris latioribus, floribus minoribus, cauliflori- bus, viridis differt. A slender stemmed tree c. 6 metres tall. Branchlets glabrous, bark pale grey to black, finely longitudinally wrinkled. Leaves up to 27 cm. long and 9.5 cm. broad, ob- long to oblong ovate, sometimes slightly oblong obovate, pale brown olivaceous shining above when dry, dull pale brown below, glabrous, but both surfaces with minute pale brown or black glandular dots, base cuneate, apex with a short abrupt blunt acumen; main nerves up to about 20 pairs, interarching at about 6 mm. from the margin, with a series of subsidiary loops nearer the margin, tertiary nerves distinct, at least above, reticulations wide and dis- tinct, those and the nerves raised and distinct on the upper surface, much less distinct below; midrib channelled above, strongly raised below. Petioles 1-1.3 cm. long, stout, black, finely wrinkled, deeply channelled above. Flowers 9 cm. long, entirely green, rising from small irregular woody tuber- cles on the main stem only, usually solitary but sometimes in pairs. Pedicel 3 cm. long, glabrous, brown when dry and finely wrinkled longitudinally, tapering from the apex downwards. Sepals 3 cm. long, 2.8 cm. broad, broadly trian- gular ovate, coriaceo-membranous, slightly cohering at base, base broad, apex with short blunt point, nerves and reti- culations strongly marked, glabrous, shining on outer sur- face, dull on inner surface, the apex and margins near the apex minutely rufous glandular hairy, the rest of the inner surface except the basal portion with minute glandular dots. Outer petals 8.8 cm. long, 3.1 cm. broad, twisted, leathery, lanceolate, tapering to a narrowed blunt point, sometimes cohering at base to inner petals, both surfaces with scat- tered, very minute glandular hairs, nerves on outer surface raised and conspicuous when dry, on inner surface sunk and much less distinct. Inner petals 2 cm. long, oblong lanceo- late, thick, fleshy, strongly cohering by the margins in their upper 2/3, the upper 1/3 coherent into a fleshy mass. Sta- mens numerous, incurved, 4 mm. long, longer than the ovaries, but exceeded by the styles, glabrous, the connective produced into a fleshy subulate point 0.6-0.7 mm. long. Ovaries linear oblong, flattened, 2-2.2 mm. long, tapering slightly to apex, adpressed silky golden hairy. Styles 4.5-5 mm. long, linear, flattened, tapering to a fine subulate point, Gardens Bulletin, S.S. -) al Additions to Flora of the Malay Peninsula. 89 exuding a mucilaginous gum which in the dried flower causes them to adhere in a sticky mass.. Ovules 1 or 2. Fruit unknown. PAHANG: Tembeling, in lowland forest west of rail- way station, on calcareous soil, Henderson 24543 (type) ; fir. May. Malay name: kenerak. Xylopia tembelingensis, sp. nov. (Plate XVI). X. Curtisu, King affinis, sed foliis minoribus subtus tomentosis, sepalis acuminatis, petalis longioribus differt. A tree c. 25 metres tall. Branchlets whitish grey to black, longitudinally finely wrinkled with scattered lenticels, the young twigs with a sparse stiff black pubescence, the youngest parts with a dense reddish yellow mealy tomentum. Leaves very coriaceous, up to 24.5 cm. long and 7.8 cm. broad, oblong lanceolate acute, margin somewhat undulate when dry, base narrowed, upper surface pale shining grey, glabrous, lower surface pale with a fine whitish close tomen- tum; main nerves 18 or 19 pairs, raised and bold below, connected by regular and almost straight cross veins; on upper surface nerves and reticulations distinct but very fine. Petiole up to 1.5 cm. long, stout, black, flattened or shallowly channelled above, sparsely pubescent or eventually nearly glabrous. Flowers yellow green, several together on stout, woody, tuberculate, sometimes branched extra-axillary peduncles c. 1 cm. long. Pedicels stout, 5-6 mm. long, red- dish tomentose, bracteole broadly ovate to suborbicular, shortly acute, c. 7 mm. long and broad, reddish tomentose on both surfaces. Sepals spreading, 1 cm. long, fleshy, basal part broadly triangular ovate, 5-6 mm. wide just above base, rather abruptly narrowed into a triangular reflexed point, both surfaces tomentose except for the inner basal concave part. Petals subequal, somewhat fleshy, linear oblong or lorate with a tendency to be falcate, up to 6 cm. long but varying in length and width, the width varying from c. 2 mm. to 5 mm. or even more, narrowed usually to an obtuse point or sometimes almost truncate and muc- ronate, narrowed above the broadly ovate claw, and faintly keeled ; the claw vaulted, glabrous within, tomentose without like both surfaces of the limb, and with a conspicuous keel. Stamens numerous, c. 65, 1.6-1.7 mm. long, filaments flat- tened below, connective obliquely truncate and depressed above, concealing the linear anthers. Ovary solitary, glab- rous, cylindric, fluted, with very thick fleshy walls, together with stigma c. 3.2 mm. long, 1.2 mm. broad, multiovulate. Stigma pileate, fleshy, wrinkled. Ripe carpels oblong glo- bose, up to 6.5 cm. long and 6 cm. broad, hard and woody, pale grey with numerous lenticels. Seeds c. 15-16, com- pressed, up to about 3 cm. long and 2 cm. broad. Vol. VII. (1933). 90 M. R. HENDERSON. PAHANG: Tembeling, in lowland forest to. west of railway station, on calcareous soil, Henderson 24533 (type) ; fir. and fruit May. This species is evidently closely allied to X. Curtisii, King, having in common with it the stiff strongly nerved leaves, a similar flower with the pileate style, and hard globose woody carpels, but it differs in the tomentose lower surface of the smaller leaves, the differently shaped sepals and the much longer petals. MELIACE2., y Dysoxylum undulatum, sp. nov. (Fig. 1). D. ruguloso, King affinis, foliolis magis numerosis, floribus maioribus, fructu multo maiore differt. A tree c. 12 metres tall. Branchlets stout, terete, lon- gitudinally ridged, with prominent leaf scars, glabrous ex- cept for the youngest parts. Leaves up to c. 31 cm. long, equally pinnate, the petioles stout, minutely puberulous, swollen at base, flattened above; rachis angled, with fine raised lines running between the insertion of the petiolules. Leaflets usually 4 pairs, sometimes 5, subopposite or alter- nate, stiffly chartaceous or somewhat coriaceous when dry, lanceolate, ovate lanceolate or oblong lanceolate, acute, base cuneate, oblique or not, glabrous, up to 13 cm. long and 5 cm. broad; both surfaces minutely rugulose when dry and minutely black gland dotted; margins recurved and undulate; main nerves up to 9 pairs, raised and interrupted below, impressed and rather indistinct above; tertiary nerves and reticulations not visible except very faintly on very thin young leaves; petiolules stout, channelled above, 5 mm.—1 ecm. long. Racemes spike like, stout, axillary or slightly supra-axillary, minutely pubescent, up to c. 8 cm. long. Flowers usually 3 or 4 together on very short stout bracteate peduncles, pedicels short, stout, jointed at the middle, densely minutely pubescent. Calyx shallowly and widely cupular, densely minutely pubescent, shortly 4- toothed, c. 1.8-2 mm. long and 5 mm. wide. Petals pale yellow green, oblong, apex triangular blunt, 8 mm. long, 3.2 mm. broad, reflexed in anthesis, tawny puberulous out- side, much less densely so inside, apex and margins thick- ened. Staminal tube oblong, 4-angled, 7 mm. long and c. 3.2 mm. broad, constricted just below apex, margin slightly inflexed, rather irregularly 8-toothed, tawny puberulous on the angles, otherwise glabrescent outside and glabrous with- in. Anthers 8, very slightly exsert, narrowly oblong, c. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. ‘ al ng? a b, . a ? ~ Additions to Flora of the Malay Peninsula. 91 ee mee * *%* Fig. ;: a. b. c. Vol. VII. (1933). Dysoxylum undulatum. nd ie cy, Normal ovary and style, x c. 11. Abnormal ovary and style, x c. 15. — “Ge . a - “< Py. 92 2M M. R. HENDERSON. 1.1-1.2 mm. long. Disc shortly cylindric, slightly exceeding the ovary, c. 2 mm. long and broad, glabrous, fleshy, margin shortly erosulate dentate. Ovary 3-celled, ovoid or ovoid conic, vertically ridged, tawny pubescent, narrowed into the 4.5mm. long style. Lower part of style 4-angled, pubescent, narrowing upwards, the upper 0.5 mm. glabrous. Stigma discoid with a basal annulus, top shallowly depressed or convex, pubescent. Fruit globose, ovoid, or depressed globular, very shortly apiculate, up to c. 5 cm. long and broad, narrowed at base into a short pseudostalk; pericarp woody, 5-6 mm. thick, glabrous, dark reddish brown when dry, yellow in life, finely rugulose, vertically ribbed. Fruit- ing peduncles stout, woody. PAHANG: Cameron’s Highlands, alt. c. 4600 ft., Henderson 23484 (type of flower) ; 23624 (type of fruit) ; flr. and fruit April. A specimen collected here in Nov. 1925 without flowers or fruit (Henderson and Whitty 18007) is almost undoub- tedly this species although the leaflets are larger (up to 15 cm. long and 6.5 em. broad). The Sakai name is given as Siraa (Siral), and the field note reads :—Inner bark saffron yellow, outer bark dark, apparently with large lenticels, 1/2- 6/10 inch thick, sapwood distinct, yellow, 2-3 inches thick, heartwood reddish orange. Not common. In a few flowers an abnormal ovary was observed which was ovoid conical or subglobose, much larger than the nor- mal ovary and exceeding the disc, c. 2.8-2.9 mm. long and broad, narrowed abruptly into a style much shorter than that in normal flowers; loculi at base apparently with well developed ovules. These ovaries were found only in opened flowers, of which only a few were available for dissection. Many buds were dissected, but in all cases the ovary ap- peared normal. A vertical section of one abnormal ovary showed the presence of an insect larva in the upper half, as in fig. 1, ec, so that it is possible that such abnormal ovaries are caused by insect attack. Dysoxylum Corneri, sp. nov. A speciebus aliis e peninsula malayana nervis magis numerosis, inflorescentia longissima spicatim recedit. A tree 30-40 metres tall. Branchlets very stout, bark pale reddish brown and ribbed when dry, finely and closely yellow tomentose on youngest parts, otherwise glabrous. Leaves alternate, up to c. 75 em. long, petiole stout, roughly triangular in section, rachis angled, the whole yellowish pubescent; leaflets 14-20, alternate or subopposite, char- taceo-coriaceous and brittle when dry, up to 19 cm. long and Gardens Bulletin, S.S. |, ae aes ‘ Additions to Flora of the Malay Peninsula. 93 6 em. broad, oblong or occasionally lanceolate, caudate acu- minate, base rounded or occasionally shortly cuneate, un- equal; upper surface dull olivaceous brown or plumbeous, reddish brown in younger leaves, glabrous except for the yellowish pubescent midrib, minutely rugulose papillose with many minute black glandular dots; lower surface usually paler, glabrous except for the nerves and gland dotted like the upper surface; margins strongly recurved, almost revolute; midrib depressed above but with a raised central wing, very prominent below and more or less pubes- cent; main nerves up to about 25 pairs, slender and usually sunk above, elevate beneath, yellow pubescent or almost glabrous and then reddish, almost straight and parallel, curving rather abruptly up to the margin but not meeting; tertiary nerves short, usually almost invisible above and faint or invisible below; reticulations faint or invisible. Petiolules stout, channelled above, pubescent, c. 1 cm. long. Inflorescence an axillary apparently solitary spike exceeding 30 cm. in length, rachis stout, angled and striate when dry, closely and finely yellow tomentose, flowers in rather dis- tant almost sessile cymules of 3 or 4. Pedicel very short and stout. Calyx shortly and widely campanulate or cup- shaped, c. 4.5 mm. long and 7 mm. wide, densely roughly pubescent, deeply wrinkled, margin obscurely 4-lobed and often incurved. Corolla in bud oblong, c. 9 mm. long. Petals - 4 slightly imbricate in bud, at length reflexed, oblong blunt, densely reddish or yellowish tomentose outside, finely tomen- tose inside, somewhat fleshy, especially towards the apex, up to 10-12 mm. long and 3.5 mm. broad. Staminal tube c. 7 mm. long, 4-angled, cylindric oblong, somewhat cons- tricted near the base, minutely pubescent outside especially on the angles, glabrous within; teeth 8, shortly and broadly triangular, blunt; anthers 8, included, oblong blunt, c. 1.2 mm. long. Disc cylindric annular, fleshy, c. 1.3 mm. tall, almost glabrous outside, densely pilose within with long shining pale yellow hairs, margin erosulate dentate. Ovary included within the disc, pyramidal, ec. 1.2 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad at base, densely pilose with long ascending shiny pale yellow hairs. Style 4-angled, hairy at the base like the ovary, glabrous above, 5 mm. long. Stigma cylin- dric capitate, with an annulus at the base, apex somewhat depressed and puberulous. Fruits 1-4 on stout peduncles up to 10 cm. long, pseudo-stalk very stout, 1-1.5 cm. long; depressed globose, 5-8 em. long and 7-11 cm. broad, pump- kin-shaped, when dry deeply wrinkled and finely brownish mealy pubescent, in life bright gamboge yellow, probably turning orange or red when fully mature, loculi 4, marked Vol. VII. (1933). 94 M. R. HENDERSON. on outside over the septa by 4 deeply impressed lines radiat- | ing cruciately from the apex, 1-seeded, seeds 1-4 in each fruit, arillate. SELANGOR: Weld Hill Forest Reserve, Kuala Lum- pur, Forest Dept. 2833 (type of flower), from tree No. 346, flr. March; same locality, Forest Dept. sine num., from tree No. 345, fir. Feb.; same locality, Forest Dept. 2433, from tree No. 402, fruit July. KEMAMAN: Bukit Kajang, Sungai Nipah, on hillside in forest, Corner 25918 (type of fruit); fruit June. The Malay names for this species vary considerably. The Weld Hill specimens are called respectively Cheng- kuang, Gapis and Bekak. Corner 25918 is called Keriah. The dimensions of the Weld Hill specimens are given -as 70 feet high, girth 4 ft. 6 ins. The Kemaman specimen is much bigger, being 120 ft. tall, 60 ft. to the first branch, and 20 ins. in diameter 6ft. above the ground. The des- cription of the fruit has been taken largely from ‘Mr. Corner’s copious field notes, further extracts from which are given below. ‘“ Buttresses fairly prominent, 1 ft. wide, rising on an average to 5 ft. above the ground; bark light pinkish brown rather rough and flaky, fairly thick; sapwood white, heart wood dark reddish brown, trunk hollow in centre. Wood ‘hard but easily split and rather brittle. Flesh of fruit very thick, pale yellow, with a watery sticky latex, the septa seen in transverse section as pale orange lines; seeds large with thick green cotyledons and fairly thick aril.” Cipadessa baccifera, Mig., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. iv (1868-69) 6; Craib, Flor. Siam. Enum. i, 2(1926) 251. KEDAH: Gunong Baling, Best 20212. ’ Kail tembelingensis, sp. nov. (Plate XVII). Arbor parva. Folia ad 60 em. longa. Foliola 11, impari- pinnata, subopposita vel alterna, oblonga, ovato-oblonga vel obcuneata, ad 21 cm. longa et 8 cm. lata, supra glabra, subtus minute lepidota, nervis c. 18-jugis, supra impressis indistinctis, subtus elevatis stellato-tomentosis; petioluli ad 2 cm. longi. Paniculae ad 35 cm. longae, extra-axillares. Calyx 5-lobus, lobis inaequalibus, rufo-pubescentibus, ad — 1.4 mm. longis et 1.2 mm. latis. Petala 5, 1.8-1.9 mm. longa et 1.1-1.2 mm. lata, ovato-oblonga vel obovata, glabra. Tubus stamineus breviter cylindricus, c. 0.6-0.7 mm. longus, glaber, antheris 5, margini adnatis, inclusis. Ovarium 2-loculare dense rufo-hirtum. A small tree. Branchlets terete, densely covered with a minute brown scurf-like pubescence, with numerous paler Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Additions to Flora of the Malay Peninsula. 95 lenticels. Leaves up to c. 60 cm. long, unequally pinnate, petioles, rachis and petiolules scurfy pubescent. Leaflets usually 11, up to 21 cm. long and 8 cm. broad, the lower pairs alternate or occasionally subopposite, the upper pair opposite; lower leaflets oblong, oblong ovate or slightly obo- vate, apices abruptly acute, bases unequal, one side rounded, the other shorter and more or less cuneate; upper leaflets progressively more narrowed from about or above the middle, the terminal one obcuneate and much narrowed to the equal base; petiolules 1-2 cm. long; upper surface of leaflets dull grey or brown when dry, glabrous, lower sur- face dull reddish brown, very minutely scaly, the midrib and nerves with a shining brown red stellate pubescence; young leaves with a dense but quickly deciduous red stellate tomentum; main nerves about 18 pairs, prominent below, curving up into marginal loops, connected by fine but dis- tinct, almost straight cross nerves; tertiary nerves very short; midrib and main nerves channelled on upper surface, rather faint, reticulations impressed, obscure. Panicles up to 35 cm. long, supra-axillary, usually rather lax, but occa- sionally strict, densely flowered, stellate red pubescent. Pedicels up to c. 2.5 mm. long, red pubescent, with a lanceo- late acute bract c. 1.2 mm. long and 2 or 3 bracteoles. Flower buds ovoid, c. 2.2 mm. long and 2 mm. broad. Calyx 5-lobed, lobes unequal, somewhat concave, the largest broadly ovate, blunt, 1.4 mm. long and 1.2 mm. broad, exter- nally densely red pubescent, internally glabrous, the smallest lobes of about the same length, but narrower and subacute. Petals 5, unequal, broadly ovate oblong or obovate, apex rounded, rather fleshy with thin margins, somewhat con- cave, glabrous, the largest c. 1.8-1.9 mm. long and 1.1-1.2 mm. broad. Staminal tube shortly cylindric, c. 0.6-0.7 mm. long, glabrous, rather fleshy, the mouth wavy. Anthers triangular, blunt, c. 0.3 mm. long, sessile on the margin of the staminal tube but inflexed so as to be included, at least in bud, into excavations on the inner face of the tube. Ovary 2-celled, broadly conical, depressed, not exceeding the sta- minal tube, densely red pubescent. Stigma glabrous, very short and broad, divided into 2 rounded lobes by a shallow depression. Young fruit broadly obpyriform or depressed globose, c. 2.5 mm. long and 3 mm. broad, densely shortly red pubescent, shallowly 4-lobed. PAHANG: Tembeling, in lowland forest to west of railway station, on calcareous soil, Henderson 24805 (type) ; fir. May. This species does not seem to be closely allied to any of the Peninsular ones so far described, and would appear to approximate to A. pauciflora, Merr., a Philippine species. Vol. VII. (1933). 96 M. R. HENDERSON. SABIACEZ. ’Meliosma rufo-pilosa, sp. nov. (Plate XVIII). Arbor c. 20 m., ramulis crassis. Folia imparipinnata, ad 55 cm. longa, foliolis 15 vel 17, lanceolatis, oblongo-lan- ceolatis vel ovatis, acuminatis, basi latis, plus minusve obli- quis, ad 12 cm. longis et 4 cm. latis, nervis utrinque 8-13, subtus prominentibus, margine plerumque integro, plus mi- nusve undulato, petiolis et petiolulis rufo-pilosis. Paniculae ad 55 cm. longae, multiflorae, inferne adpresse rufo-pilosae, ramulis et pedicellis ad 1.5 mm. longis fulvo-pubescentibus. Sepala 4, ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, inter se inaequalia, ad 2 mm. longa et 1-1.2 mm. lata, ciliolata. Petala exteriora glabra, late obovato-orbicularia ad 1.5-1.7 mm. longa et 2-2.8 mm. lata, interiora integra, oblongo-obovata c. 1 mm. longa, margine ciliolata. Ovarium glabrum. A tree c. 20 metres tall. Branchlets very stout, terete, glabrous, pale brown to blackish brown, with numerous large conspicuous dark leaf scars. Leaves imparipinnate, crowded at branchlet ends, densely red pilose at insertion of petioles, up to c. 55 cm. long; petiole stout, expanded at base and flattened and slightly channelled above, black and finely longitudinally striate when dry under dense adpressed red hairs; rachis stout below, slender above, somewhat angled, grooved above, adpressed red hairy; leaflets 15-17, opposite or the lower ones alternate, 3.5-4.5 cm. apart, oblong, oblong-lanceolate to ovate, the lowermost pairs broader than the others, base broad and more or less oblique, the lower leaflets more oblique than the others, the upper ones often with cuneate and not oblique bases, lowermost leaflets c. 8.5 cm. long and 4 cm. broad, the upper ones from 6.5 cm. long and 2 em. broad to 12 cm. long and 4 cm. broad, terminal leaflet lanceolate to oblong elliptic acuminate, base narrowed, equal, c. 7-8 cm. long and 3-3.5 cm. broad; upper surface when dry dull dark reddish brown glabrous except for a minute coarse pubescence on midrib and basal part of main nerves; lower surface reddish brown with long adpressed reddish brown deciduous hairs on midrib and main nerves; midrib sunk above, prominent below; main nerves ¢c. 8-13 pairs, raised and fine above as are the reticu- lations, prominent below, almost straight or curving gently upwards and interlooping 3-5 mm. from the margin, with fainter subsidiary loops nearer the margin; cross nervules and reticulations raised and distinct; margin more or less undulate when dry, occasionally very obscurely toothed; petiolules 2-5 mm. long, adpressed red pilose below, chan- nelled above and bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade. Panicles spreading, about as long as the leaves, Gardens Bulletin, 8.8 Te” * Additions to Flora of the Malay Peninsula. 97 rachis stout, angled, adpressed red pilose towards base, red pubescent above, branches spreading, the lower primary ones up to c. 30 cm. long, the lower secondary ones of each branch up to 9-10 cm. long, bracts linear, densely red pilose, up to c. 3 mm. long. Flowers rather densely disposed on the densely fulvous pubescent ultimate branchlets, c. 2.5-3 mm. in diameter. Pedicels up to c. 1.5 mm. long, fulvous pubescent like the branchlets, bracteoles linear c. 0.3-0.5 mm. long, red pilose. Calyx lobes 4, ovate to ovate lanceo- late, blunt or subacute, the largest c. 2 mm. long and 1-1.2 mm. broad, concave, the smallest c. 1.2-1.3 mm. long and 0.4-0.5 mm. broad, bases rather fleshy, margins thin and ciliate, glabrous within, the outer ones rufous pubescent at base without. Petals 5, the 3 outer broadly obovate orbi- cular, glabrous, one usually larger and much broader in proportion to length than the other two, c. 1.5 mm. long and 2.5-2.8 mm. broad, the other two c. 1.6-1.7 mm. long and 2 mm. broad; inner petals entire, attached to base of fertile stamens, oblong obovate blunt, c. 1 mm. long, margin at apex ciliate. Fertile stamens 2, c. 1.3-1.4 mm. long, fila- ments rather broad, flattened, apex expanded into a rather shallow bilobed cup; infertile stamens adnate to base of outer petals. Dise annular with 3 bifid processes with nar- row blunt arms reaching about 2/3 up the ovary. Ovary glabrous, oblong or ovate oblong, apparently somewhat com- pressed, c. 0.6-0.7 mm. long, abruptly narrowed into a tapering glabrous style c. 0.7-0.8 mm. long. Frwt unknown. PAHANG: Cameron’s Highlands, c. 4600 ft., Hender- son 23657 (type); fir. pale green, in April. Not closely related to any of the other Malay Peninsular species with pinnate leaves, and at once distinguished from them by the crowding of the leaves and panicles at the ends of the very stout branchlets in a manner that recalls some species of Parishia (Anacardiaceae) . ANACARDIACEZ2. Pistacia malayana, sp. nov. (Plate XIX). Arbor parva, ramulis glabris.. Folia paripinnata vel imparipinnata, ad 11 cm. longa, rhachide anguste alata; foliola 7-8-juga, sessilia, alterna, subopposita vel opposita, glaberrima, oblongo-ovata vel oblongo-lanceolata, apice alte et late retusa, ad 3.5 cm. longa et 1.5 cm. lata, nervis latera- libus utrinque 7-9 supra prominentibus, subtus indistinctis, petiolo et rhachi sparse albo-pubescente vel fere glabro. Paniculae @ ad 7 cm. longae, sparse albo-pubescentes; pedi- celli c. 0.5-0.7 mm. longi; sepala 4, c. 1 mm. longa et 0.5 mm. Vol. VII. (1933). 98 M. R. HENDERSON. lata, oblongo-ovata obtusa vel triangulari-ovata sub-acuta, ciliata; ovarium ovato-globosum, compressum, c. 0.6 mm. longum et latum; stylus brevis; stigmata 3, recurvata, dense et crasse pilosa. Fructus ovato-globosus, compressus, c. 4.5 mm. longus et 4.5 mm. latus. A small much branched white barked tree. Branchlets stout, terete, glabrous, brownish or greyish brown, with raised lenticels. Leaves crowded towards branchlet ends, 9-11 cm. long, pinnate, usually without a terminal leaflet; petiole 1-2 cm. long, white pubescent, somewhat flattened above and very narrowly winged, slightly expanded at base; rachis sparsely white pubescent or nearly glabrous, nar- rowly winged, the wing broadest at the apex and there c. 0.5 mm. broad, narrowing downwards to the petiole; leaf- lets glabrous, 7-8 pairs, opposite, subopposite or alternate, sessile, or the lowermost one or two pairs very shortly petio- lulate, up to c. 3.5 em. long and 1.5 ecm. wide, oblong lanceo- late to oblong ovate, narrowed from about or a little below the middle to the base, apex rather deeply and widely retuse, almost emarginate, with a minute mucro at the base of the notch; texture thin in young leaflets, subcoriaceous in adult ones; upper surface reddish brown to black, shining when dry, lower dull and usually paler; margin recurved and somewhat undulate when dry; midrib raised and distinct on both surfaces; main nerves 7-9 pairs, spreading, fine but raised and distinct above, much less distinct below, reticulations practically invisible except by transmitted light. ¢ inflorescence unknown. °? panicles up to c. 7 cm. long from upper axils, sparsely white pubescent; flowers distant, subtended by persistent triangular ovate, concave blunt bracts coarsely ciliate on margin, c. 1-1.1 mm. long and 0.8-0.9 mm. broad; pedicel stout, c. 0.5-0.7 mm. long, with 2 bracteoles at apex oblong ovate concave, fleshy with thin coarsely ciliate margins, c. 0.7-0.8 mm. long; perianth lobes 4, c. 1 mm. long and 0.5 mm. broad, oblong ovate blunt or triangular ovate subacute, margins at apex with coarse reddish ciliate hairs, outer surfaces very minutely reddish scaly on median line; ovary ovoid globose, glabrous, strongly compressed laterally, oblique, pale coloured, c. 0.6 mm. long and broad; style short and stout, 3-partite almost to base, stigmas 3, large, recurved, almost revolute, flattened verti- cally, coarsely and densely reddish hairy on outer face, one much larger than the other two. Fruit ovoid globose, later- ally compressed, somewhat oblique, c. 4 mm. long and 4.5 mm. broad, when dry pale brown and reticulate, when boiled finely longitudinally ridged, stigmas more or less per- sistent. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Additions to Flora of the Malay Peninsula. 99 UPPER PERAK: Gunong Runto, Lenggong, ec. 500 ft., on a dry rocky limestone ridge top, Henderson 23831 (type) ; fir. and fruit June. This species is closely allied to P. weinnmanaefolia, Pois. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France xxxili (1886) 467, but is sufficiently distinct from it in the larger thinner leaflets more deeply and widely emarginate at the apex, in the pedicellate flowers and 4-not 5-lobed calyx. The genus Pistacia has a distribution from the Canary Islands, the Mediterranean region, Abyssinia, Persia, Afghanistan, the Himalayas, Burma, Yunnan, North Cen- tral China and South China to Formosa and Luzon, with 2 species in Mexico and Texas. This is the first record of the genus from the Malaysian region. CONNARACE. Connarus euphlebius, Merr. in Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc. 85 (1922) 200. PAHANG: Pulau Tioman, Henderson 21724. Described from British North Borneo. LEGUMINOSZ. Abrus mollis, Hance in Journ. Bot. ix (1871) 130; Craib, Flor. Siam. Enum. i, 3(1928) 484. PERLIS: Gua Nangka, Henderson 23072. Desmodium lasiocarpum, DC., Prodromus ii, 328. PERLIS: Gua Nangka, Henderson 23075. Spatholobus compar, Craib in Kew Bulletin 1927, 62; Flor. Siam. Enum. i, 3(1928) 446. PERLIS: Mata Ayer, near Kangar, Henderson 23060. Vigna malayana, nom. nov. Vigna parviflora, Ridl. in Journ. Roy. As. Soc. Str. Br. 82 (1920), 181; Flor. Mal. Pen. i, 569, non Welw. ex Baker in Oliver Flor. Trop. Africa, ii (1871) 201. Bauhinia decumbens, sp. nov. Frutex scandens, cirrhosus. Ramuli juventute dense adpresse rufo-pubescentes, suleati, demum glabri. Folia ad 6.5 cm. longa et lata, subrotunda, basi cordata, apice ad 1/3 bilobata, sinu triangulari, lobis acutis, supra matura glabra, Vol. VII. (1933). 100 M. R. HENDERSON. reticulatis tenuibus sed distinctis, subtus dense adpresse rubro-pubescentia, 11-nervia, nervis supra impressis, subtus prominentibus, petiolo ad 3.5 cm. longo. Racemi terminales vel axillares ad 9 cm. longi, adpresse rufo-pubescentes, pedunculo suleato. Bracteae minutae, persistentiae. Pedi- cellt ad 2.5 cm. longi. Calyx in segmenta 2 vel 3 fissus, demum reflexa, extus rufo-pubescens, inter glaber. Petalum posticum subrotundum vel obovatum, stipite 1.5 mm. longo incluso 7-8 mm. longum, 6 mm. latum, extus rufo-pilosum, intus basi pilosum. Petala lateralia et antica subaequilonga ad 1.3 cm. longa et lata, stipitis rufo-pilosis ad 4 mm. longis, extus adpresse rufo-pilosa, intus glabra. Stamina fertilia 2 vel 3, filamentis c. 5.5 mm. longis, rufo-pilosis, ad apicem glabris, antheris glabris 2 mm. longis et latis. Pistillum dense rufo-pilosum c. 9 mm. longum, stipite c. 2 mm. longo, stylo c. 5 mm. longo, ovulis 4 vel 2. A low scrambling shrub with tendrils. Young shoots, stems and tendrils densely adpressed red pubescent, young stems grooved when dry; older parts of stem and tendrils brownish black when dry, with a sparse pale pubescence, eventually becoming glabrous and lenticellate. Leaves subrotund, 6.5 cm. long and broad, deeply and narrowly cordate at base, apex deeply bilobed, the sinus rather wide, triangular, the lobes triangular acute up to about 2.5 cm. long; texture coriaceous, upper surface with a fine but dis- tinct raised reticulation, glabrous except for a fine brown pubescence on the main nerves in the younger leaves, the lower surface densely covered with adpressed, shining, deep coppery-red hairs, persistent but becoming paler in older leaves, edge of leaf somewhat thickened and white hairy. Stipules deciduous. Insertion of petiole glandular, emitting 11 nerves sunk above, prominent below and covered with the same pubescence as the under surface of the leaf; trans- verse nerves inconspicuous above, not prominent below ex- cept in older leaves. Petiole up to about 3.5 cm. long, clothed with the same pubescence as the young stems. Racemes terminal or axillary, c. 9 cm. long, all parts ad- pressed red pubescent, peduncle sharply 4-angled and grooved. Bracts very small, persistent. Pedicels up to 2.5 cm. long. Buds globose with a very short point. Calyx tube 1.3 em. long, ribbed, narrowed into but distinct from pedicel, which has 2 minute bracteoles, one 2 mm. below the other, the uppermost 4 mm. below the apex of pedicel. Calyx splitting into 2 or 3, usually 2 oblong ovate blunt lobes c. 5 mm. long, adpressed red pubescent outside, glabrous with- in, reflexed after expansion of flower. Upper petal subro- tund or broadly ovate, lamina 6 mm. long and broad, outer surface with long adpressed coppery-red shining hairs, the Gardens Bulletin, S.S. = Additions to Flora of the Maiay Peninsula. 101 inner glabrous except on the nerves, narrowed into a red- pilose claw c. 1.5 mm. long. Lateral and lower petals sub- equal, much larger than upper petal, lamina rotund, up to e. 1.3 cm. long and broad, the tip sometimes retuse, outer surface adpressed pilose as in upper petal, inner surface glabrous, bullate, the sunk veins conspicuous in life, less so in dried specimens, claw red pilose c. 4 mm. long. Stamens 3, subequal, one sometimes reduced, filaments broad at base, densely red pilose, tapering at apex and there glabrous, ec. 5.5 mm. long, anthers glabrous, 2 mm. long and broad. Pistil 9 mm. long, stalk c. 2 mm. long, densely covered with shining red hairs, style c. 5 mm. long; ovules 2 or 4. Fruit unknown. PAHANG: Gunong Senyum, on open top of limestone hill, scrambling over rocks, Henderson 22268 (type) ; fir. July. Evidently allied to B.cwprea, Ridl., to which it was at first referred, but distinct from that species in its smaller, stiffer, more deeply cordate leaves with more nerves, and in the more rounded flower buds and the smaller, more hairy flowers. The shining deep coppery-red indumentum on the backs of the leaves and petals is very striking. ROSACEZ. vcs odoratum, sp. nov. (Plate XX). Affinis P. Scortechini, King, sed foliis glandulosis, pro rata latioribus, subtus minus rugulosis, nervulis magis pro- minentibus, racemis longioribus, staminibus magis numero- sis differt. A rather stout bushy tree c. 12-14 metres tall. Branch- lets terete, black, striate, lenticellate, obscurely adpressed reddish yellow pubescent, at length glabrous. Leaves thinly coriaceous, up to 8 cm. long and 4.25 cm. broad, elliptic lanceolate to elliptic ovate, apex acute or shortly obtusely acuminate, base cuneate with 2 glands usually between the first and second pair of nerves; upper surface glabrous, more or less shining dark reddish brown, lower surface slightly rugulose, dull brown, glabrous except for a few minute and very obscure adpressed bristles on the recurved margins, youngest leaves adpressed bristly hairy below and on the midrib above; midrib channelled above, prominent below; main nerves 7-9 pairs, impressed and rather indistinct above, slender but distinct and raised be- low, curving up to and along the margin and anastomosing ; Vol. VII. (1933). 102 M. R. HENDERSON. cross nervules and reticulations almost invisible above, lax below, raised and rather faint. Petiole up to 1 cm. long, channelled above, sparsely pubescent especially near the base, or almost glabrous. FRacemes solitary axillary, 4-5 cm. long, covered with coarse adpressed reddish yellow bristly hairs, as are the pedicels and calyces. Pedicels 3-4 mm. long. Calyx tube narrowly campanulate or somewhat obconic, c. 2 mm. long, lobes 6, linear oblong, c. 1.8 mm. long, very hairy. Petals 6, similar to calyx lobes but smaller and caducous. Stamens about 24-26, in 2 series, filaments glabrous, exserted, up to 4mm. long. Owary ovoid, c. 1 mm. long, sparsely nairy with Icng shining pale yellow nairs, style c. 4.2 mm. long, glabrous or with a few shining yellow hairs. Stigma capitate. Frwt unknown. PAHANG: Cameron’s Highlands, alt. ce. 4800 ‘ft., Henderson 23278 (type) ; flr. April. A very floriferous tree, the flowers white with a pink tinted calyx, strongly rose scented. Parinarium latifolium, sp. nov. Ab speciebus aliis e peninsula malayana foliis latiori- bus, inflorescentiis brevioribus, floribus maioribus recedit; affinis P. glaberrimo, Hassk., sed ramulis foliisque haud glabris, foliis latioribus differt. A small tree c. 5 metres tall. Branchlets terete, covered with a long woolly yellowish tomentum. Leaves thinly coriaceous, 18-21 cm. long, 10-11.5 cm. broad, broadly ellip- tic, apex shortly and abruptly caudate acuminate, base shortly rounded, upper surface glabrous, lower surface sparsely strigose on midrib, main nerves and reticulations; midrib raised above, prominent below, main nerves and reticulations impressed and distinct above; main nerves c. 14 pairs, strongly raised below, curving up to the margin and anastomosing, tertiary nerves and cross nervules very distinct, reticulations fine but distinct. Petioles stout, 5-7 mm. long, yellow woolly. Inflorescence spike like, up to 5 cm. long but possibly elongating further, densely tawny silky, bracts numerous, oblong ovate to ovate lanceolate, acute, adpressed tawny hairy outside, adpressed yellowish pubescent inside, up to 1.5 cm. long. Calyx tube narrow oblong cylindric, 7-8 mm. long, adpressed pubescent, lobes broadly lanceolate or oblong ovate, acute, 10 mm. long, out- side densely adpressed long hairy, inside densely shortly pubescent. Petals itthin, glabrous, obovate, narrowed ‘to rounded base, 10-11 mm. long, 7-8 mm. broad. Stamens Gardens Bulletin, S.S. i il a ee Additions to Flora of the Malay Peninsula. 103 c. 20, united below into a ring c. 2 mm. tall and red pubes- cent within, filaments slender, tapering upwards, 10-12 mm. long. Ovary densely red pilose, style slender, as long as the stamens. F'rwt unknown. KEDAH-PERAK boundary: Bukit Kuala Ketang, nr. Gunong Bintang, Haniff 21119 (type). HAMAMELIDACEZ. Sycopsis sp. PAHANG: Cameron’s Highlands, alt. c. 4600 ft., Hen- derson 23567, 23316. A slender tree c. 50 ft. tall. Unfor- tunately only fruiting specimens have been collected, and the generic status of the plant is therefore doubtful. It somewhat resembles Sycopsis tutchert, Hemsl. from China, but is distinct from that and other described species. What appears to be another species of the same genus was collected, also in fruit, in the same locality under the Sakai name of Senglong (Henderson and Whitty 18084). So far the genus Sycopsis has been recorded only from the Himalayas, China and the Philippines. HALORRHAGACEZ. Myriophyllum sp. JOHORE: Bukit Tiga, Sungai Sedili, Corner sine num. ““Common by edge of river from Kuala Bohol to a short way below Bukit Tiga. Does not grow in the salt water of the mangrove reaches.” Malay name: Rumput Ekor Kuching. Unfortunately only the submersed stems and leaves, without flowers or fruit have so far been found, so that it is impossible to say to what species it may belong. This is the first definite record of the family from the Malay Peninsula. MELASTOMACEZ. Medinilla crassiramea, sp. nov. (Plate XXI). Ab M. perakense, King ramulis multo crassioribus, magis tuberculatis, nervis subtus pubescentibus, inflorescen- tiis maioribus, pubescentibus, differt. Vol. VII. (1933). 104 M. R. HENDERSON. A large epiphytic shrub. Branchlets very stout and woody, 1-1.5 cm. in diameter, bark rough and longitudinally cracked, pale under a dense rufous furfuraceous tomentum and with numerous large rounded tubercles. Nodes thickened, 5-6 cm. apart, bearing whorls of 5 leaves. Leaves stiffly coriaceous when dry, up to 15 cm. long and 9 cm. broad, ovate, oblong ovate or elliptic rotund, apex blunt, rounded or minutely retuse, base cordate, pale when dry, glabrous above, below with very sparse minute reddish hairs, midrib very prominent below; main nerves 3 pairs, 2 pairs basal the third from higher up the midrib, the lower most pair of the basal nerves very faint, running parallel to and close to the margin, the second pair much more promi- nent, also running parallel to the margin, but becoming faint near the apex, the third pair bold, curving inwards at apex to meet the midrib; midrib and main nerves densely adpressed red hairy below, glabrous and much less distinct above, the straight cross nervules just visible on both surfaces as faint impressed lines. Petioles stout, up to 5 cm. long, red ad- pressed hairy when young, glabrescent when older and lon- gitudinally striate. Cymes umbelliform, from axils of lower or fallen leaves, up to 7 cm. long and wide, the common peduncle 4-5 cm. long, bearing at its apex about 10 branches ec. 2 cm. long which are usually again umbellately branched, each branchlet with a few flowers, the whole inflorescence rusty furfuraceous. Pedicel short. Calyx obconic, some- what angled, 3-4 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, sparsely red hairy, teeth 5, minute, subulate, acute. Petals 5, white, up to 5.5 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, oblong ovate, obovate or obovate rotund, 2 usually larger and broader than the other 3, apex rounded, truncate or minutely apiculate. Stamens 10, equal, filaments 3 mm. long, anthers inflexed in bud, 2-2.5 mm. long, with 2 very small blunt tubercles at the base in front and a very short blunt spur behind. Style 4.5 mm. long. Fruit (? unripe) more or less globular, sparsely rusty pubes- cent, crowned by calyx, c. 5.5 mm. in diameter. - PAHANG: Gunong Batu Brinchang, Cameron’s High- lands, alt. c. 6600 ft., epiphytic on ridge-top trees, Hender- son 28588 (type); flr. and fruit April. Remarkable on account of the very thick and rough branches. Marumia dimorpha, Craib in Kew Bull. 1930, 320; Enum. Siam. Pl. i, 4, 696. } PAHANG: Tasek Bera, Henderson 24057. Described from Lower Siam. Sonerila Whittyi, Hend. in Journ. Mal. Br. Roy. As. Soe. v, 2 (1927) 249. Further collections of this plant Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Additions to Flora of the Malay Peninsula. 105 from the type locality show it to be synonymous with Sonerila capitata, Stapf & King, Mat. Flor. Mal. Pen. No. 11 (1900) 35; Ridl., Flor. Mal. Pen. i, 787. / ARALIACEZ. Schefflera musangensis, sp. nov. (Plate XXII). S. venulosa, Harms. affinis, sed foliolis latioribus, nervis lateralibus haud obliquis, nervis nervulisque supra minus, subtus magis conspicuis, floribus maioribus differt. An epiphytic climbing shrub. Leaves digitate, leaflets coriaceous, 3-6, 7-20 cm. long, 3-9 cm. wide, variable in shape from elliptic lanceolate to ovate or obovate, base rounded or abruptly shortly cuneate, often oblique, apex acute, margin usually somewhat thickened with distant shallow crenatures or almost entire, glabrous, upper surface shining pale yellowish or greenish brown when dry, lower surface dull pale brown; main nerves up to about 18 pairs, spreading, (the basal pair oblique) prominent and somewhat irregular below, some leaves having only half the normal number, curving up at the margin and anastomosing, reti- culations lax and conspicuous; nerves and reticulations usually indistinct above; petiole up to 26 cm. long, stout, glabrous, finely longitudinally ridged when dry, petiolules 1-6 cm. long, glabrous and ridged like the petioles. Panicles terminal, up to 12 cm. long and about 18 cm. across, with up to about 8 glabrous, flattened and finely longitudinally ridged branches, peduncles spreading, c. 2 cm. long, bearing dense umbels of 15-20 flowers. Pedicels c. 3 mm. long. Calyx obconic, c. 1.5 mm. long, and 3 mm. wide across the mouth, margin minutely toothed. Petals 5 or 6, triangular ovate acute, 3.2 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, apex thickened, reflexed in anthesis. Dvise short fleshy, wrinkled. Stamens as many as petals, filaments slender, 4.5 mm. long, some- what dilate at base. Anthers deltoid, blunt, dorsifixed, cells finely reticulate and free from one another for a short dis- tance at apex and base. Fruit oblong, broadly oblong, or elliptic, sharply 6 or 7 ridged, c. 6-7 mm. long. KELANTAN: Sungai Galas at Gua Musang, climbing on riverside trees of Dipterocarpus oblongifolius, Bl., Hen- derson 22599 (type) ; flr. and fruit Aug. J Acanthopanax malayana, sp. nov. (Plate XXIII). Arbor glaber (ad c. 16 m.), rami glabri, sulcati, iner- mes. Petioli ad 12.5 cm. longi. Foltola 3-5 digitatim, lan- ceolata, ad 16 cm. longa et 5.5 cm. lata, glabra, margine Vol. VII. (1933). 106 M. R. HENDERSON. spinulosa. Pedunculi ad 9.5 cm. longi, glabri, sulecati. Pedi- cella ad 2 cm. longi, graciles, glabri. Calycis tubus campa- nulatus, breviter 4-dentatus. Petala 4, ovato-oblonga, muc- ronata, reflexa, 2.5 mm. longa et 1.5 mm. lata. Stamina 4, filamentis c. 2.7 mm. longis. Stylt 2 in unum concreti vel ad medium bifidi. Fructus ignotus. A slender unarmed tree up to about 16 metres tall, bark rather smooth and papery, wood soft and white. Branchlets pale, glabrous, longitudinally ridged when dry. Leaves digitate, clustered at branch ends, 3-5 foliolate, glabrous; leaflets lanceolate acute, narrowed to base, up to 16 cm. long and 5.5 cm. broad, margin with rather long spinulose teeth; main nerves up to 10 pairs, prominent below and interarching, less prominent above; both surfaces with a close raised reticulation, more prominent above than below. Petioles up to 12.5 cm. long, glabrous, longitudinally ridged when dry. Petiolules 1 cm. long or shorter. Flowers umbelled, peduncles up to 9.5 cm. long, glabrous and ridged like the petioles; about 40 to 50 flowers to an umbel, pedicels slender, glabrous, up to 2 cm. long. Calyx campanulate, c. 1.2-1.4 mm. long, teeth 4, small, broadly triangular ovate acute. Petals 4, ovate oblong mucronate, green tinged red, reflexed, somewhat leathery in texture, slightly glandular pubescent at apex, 2.5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad, dis- tinctly keeled within. Stamens 4, filaments linear flattened, tapering upwards, c. 2.7 mm. long; anther cells dorsifixed, sub-reniform, introrse, c. 1. mm. long. Styles 2, connate at first for their whole length, but becoming free to about half way in older flowers. Dise conspicuous in life, yellow green. Frwt unknown. PAHANG: Cameron’s Highlands, beyond Tanah Rata, alt. c. 4600 ft., Henderson 23476 (type); flr. April; near Brinchang camp, on ridge-tops, alt. c. 5200 ft., Henderson and Whitty 18016, 18042 (sterile specimens). Sakai name: Berlakt. This tree was not uncommon near the path between Tanah Rata and Brinchang camp, occurring in groups of a few individuals, and conspicuous when flowering by reason of its rather delicate feathery foliage which was pale green with a reddish tinge, the petioles and inflorescence also be- ing reddish tinged. This is the first record of the genus Acanthopanax - from the Malay Peninsula. It extends from India to China and Japan, and one species has been recorded from the northern part of Siam and from the Philippines. It does not appear to be recorded from Sumatra, Java or Borneo, and this would seem to be its furthest known extension southwards. Gardens Bulletin, S.8. Additions to Flora of the Malay Peninsula. 107 CORNACEA. Alangium Kurzii, Craib in Kew Bulletin 1911, 60; Flor. Siam. Enum. i, 4(1931) 806. PAHANG: Pulau Tioman, Henderson 21750. RUBIACE. Keenania modesta, Hook. fil., F.B.I. iii, 101. PAHANG: Sungai Tahan, Ridley; Sungai Tekai, in flood damaged jungle on riverbank, Henderson 24846. NEGRI SEMBILAN: Gunong Tampin, Burkill 3169. These specimens agree well with the original collection from India. I have not seen Keenania capitata, Craib, Enum. Siam. PI. ii, 82 (Myrioneuron capitatum, Ridl.), but this apparently differs from our plant in the longer peduncle. Keenania modesta has hitherto been known only from the type collection from Cachar. Lasianthus scalariformis, King and Gamble, Mat. Flor. Mal. Pen. No. 15, 131. (Plate XXIV). This species was described from scanty material col- lected on Gunong Batu Puteh, Perak at an altitude of 6700 ft., Wray 332; and in Perak without locality or number by Scortechint. It was collected again in Pahang, on Gunong Tahan, alt. c. 6000 ft., Holttum 20722; and on Gunong Batu Brinchang, Cameron’s Pieehlands, alt. c. 6500 ft., Hender- son 23592. The following is a description of the inflorescence :— Pedunecles solitary, ebracteate, stout, up to c. 1 cm. long, glabrous or stiffly sparsely black hairy, finely longitudinally striate when dry, with 2 branches 2-4 mm. long subtended by very small narrow acute bracts and each bearing usually 3 flowers. Flowers sessile, c. 6 mm. long. Calyx tube obconic or campanulate, c. 2 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad at apex, lobes 5, c. 4 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad, oblong ovate or oblong lanceolate ovate, acute or somewhat rounded at tip, base broad, rather fleshy, margin sparsely adpressed setose pilose, outer surface glabrous, inner sparsely ad- pressed pilose near base or nearly glabrous, when dry strongly keeled on the median line within and deeply chan- nelled without. Corolla pale lilac, early deciduous, cylindric oblong, c. 5 mm. long and 2 mm. broad, sparsely puberulous without; lobes 5, reflexed, triangular or narrowly triangu- lar ovate acute, glabrous within except at apex, puberulous without, c. 2-2.5 mm. long, apex thickened; throat of corolla Vol. VII. (1933). 108 M. R. HENDERSON. densely pilose with long pale hairs. Anthers narrow ob- long, c. 1.2 mm. long, filaments very short. Style c. 5.5 mm. long, slender, glabrous, tapering upwards, stigma of 2 broadly obtriangular retuse lobes. Disc annular, c. 0.5 mm. tall and 1.2 mm. across, with 5 very thick and fleshy blunt rounded lobes. Fruit globose, narrowed to base, c. 4 mm. long and 3.5 mm. broad, crowned by the persistent calyx lobes, when dry with 5 conspicuous broad flattened ridges. Wendlandia ternifolia, Cowan in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb., Vol. XVI, No. Ixxx (1932) 279. JOHORE: Pulau Pelandok at sealevel, Holttum 24960; fir. July. Described from Indo-China. Attention may be called here to Dr. J. M. Cowan’s recent monograph on the genus Wendlandia in the publica- tion cited above. He erects two new species, W. arborescens and W. Burkillu, for the Malay Peninsular plants which up to the present have been considered to belong to W. paniculata, DC. COMPOSITZ. Ainsliza reflexa, Merr. in Philipp. Journ. Sci., i (1906) Suppl. 242; Enum. Philipp. PI. iii, 620. PAHANG: Cameron’s Highlands, c. 5000 ft., Holttum 24991. This is the first record of the genus from the Malay Peninsula. JOHORE: Tanah Abang, Endau river, alt. c. 700 ft., Holttum 24937 (type); fir. July. “Climber on hilltop. Flower buds purple, petals yellow suffused purple towards edges.” / Toxocarpus pauciflorus, sp. nov. (Plate XXVII). Inter species peninsulae malayanae foliis minoribus, inflorescentiis laxioribus, floribus paucioribus distincta. A slender climbing shrub. Bvanchlets brown when dry, ridged, glabrous or sparsely reddish hairy. Leaves char- taceo-coriaceous, up to 5.5 cm. long and 3.5 cm. broad, elliptic lanceolate, elliptic or ovate, apex shortly and broadly caudate acuminate, base narrowed and rounded, rarely cuneate, upper surface glabrous, reddish or greenish brown, lower surface pale, with very sparse reddish hairs; midrib- impressed above, raised below; main nerves 3 or 4 pairs, Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Additions to Flora of the Malay Peninsula. 111 distant, impressed and rather faint above, raised below, leaving the midrib at an angle of about 50° and eurving up to form loops some distance from the margin; tertiary nerves and reticulations lax, impressed and indistinct above, raised and more or less distinct below. Petioles 5-8 mm. long, sparsely red pubescent or nearly glabrous. Cymes up to 2.5 em. long, lax, sessile, usually with two divaricating slender branches, very sparsely red hairy or almost glabrous, eymules of 2 or 3 flowers. Pedicel slender 5-6 mm. long. Calyx tube very short, scales very minute, alternate with the lobes, lobes ovate lanceolate blunt, c. 2 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, margin towards apex shortly ciliate, outside with a few long adpressed red hairs or nearly glabrous. Corolla tube urceolate or subglobose c. 2 mm. long, glabrous without, pubescent within, lobes linear oblong acute, twisted, ec. 6.5 mm. long, glabrous except at base within. Coronal processes laterally flattened, back expanded, with 2 hori- zontal blunt lobes at base, apex 2-toothed, the outer tooth narrow triangular acute, slightly incurved, the inner subulate, slightly longer and incurved to the style apex; connective very broad, very shortly and minutely append- aged. Style 0.5-0.6 mm. long, apex annular with a columnar - process 1.5 mm. long bifid at apex. Fut unknown. PAHANG: Bukit Chintamani, between Bentong and Karak, on the edge of a clearing at base of limestone cliff, Henderson 25034 (type); fir. dull pink, in October. Tylophora Ridleyi, nom. nov. Gymnema flava, Ridl. in Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc. Ivii (1911) 68; Flor. Mal. Pen. ii, 385. The presence of coronal scales attached to the stamina] column and the included style apex would place this plant in Tylophora rather than Gymnema. Vrylophora calcicola, sp. nov. (Fig. 2). T. Ridleyi Hend. affinis, sed foliis multo maioribus, semper cordatis, petiolis longioribus, pedicellis longioribus, floribus albis haud flavis differt. A slender twiner, older stems glabrous, angled and ridged, younger parts terete, sparsely pubescent. Leaves membranous when dry, somewhat coriaceous when old, up to 8.5 em. long and 5 cm. broad, ovate or oblong ovate acuminate, base cordate, margin minutely ciliate pubescent, otherwise glabrous; midrib slender, raised on both surfaces, minutely and sparsely puberulous above; main nerves 4-6 pairs, slender, raised on both surfaces, the lowest three pairs from the base, the others distant, all curving up towards the margin and interlooping; cross nervules lax, indistinct, reticulations fine, obscure. Petioles slender, 1.5-3 Vol. VII. (1933). r12 M.R. HENDERSON. Pe A Cf i! fc ( W y Fig. Tylophora calcicola. Expanded flower, x c. Io. Flower bud, x c. Io. Flower with petals removed and calyx flattened, showing staminal column, x Cc. 40. a9 o8 6 Gardens Bulletin, S.S. _ Z . Additions to Flora of the Malay Peninsula. 113 em. long, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. , Cymes axillary, up to 3 cm. long, main peduncles slender, pubescent, up to 2.5 em. long, usually with one or two short pubescent branches bearing rather dense umbellate clusters of up to about 10 flowers. Pedicels slender, pubescent, up to 6 mm. long. Calyx pubescent outside, lobes ovate lanceolate to ovate, subacute or blunt, up to 1 mm. long and 0.7 mm. broad, edges ciliate, glands minute. Corolla tube more or less oblong or obconic, c. 1 mm. long; buds oblong truncate with the upper parts of the lobes inflexed and bent down- wards; in the opened flower the lobes 2.5-3 mm. long, rather fleshy, the basal part oblong, then suddenly contracted into a narrow oblong thickened tail caused by the margins be- coming strongly recurved, the lower margins also becoming recurved in the older flowers, puberulous within. Corona processes shorter than staminal column, ovate globose, fleshy, somewhat concave and closely adpressed to the backs of the anthers; anthers broad with a short broad rounded appendage slightly exceeding the style apex; pollinia very small, narrowly ellipsoid, pale shining yellow, attached near the base by very short caudicles to the shining red brown pollen carrier. Style-apex pentagonal, top flattened, de- pressed. Ripe fruit unknown. PAHANG: Bukit Cheras, about 15 miles W.N.W. of Kuantan, at base of limestone cliff, Henderson 25204 (type); firs. white, in October. KELANTAN: Gua Ninik, near the railway line close to the Pahang boundary, on limestone, Henderson 19583; firs. white, in October. y LOGANIACE2. Fagraea calcarea, sp. nov. (Plate XXVIII B). F.. Curtisii, King et Gamble similis, sed foliis pro rata latioribus et tenuioribus, calyce bracteolisque maioribus, floribus plerumque solitariis raro ternatis differt. A climbing shrub. Branchlets stout, pale, with pro- minent leaf scars, striate when dry. Leaves thinly coriaceous, up to 17.5 cm. long and 9 cm. broad, elliptic to broadly ovate or somewhat obevate, base rather long narrowed, apex rounded with a very short abrupt triangular point; both surfaces glabrous, greenish or greenish grey when dry, minutely rugulose; midrib distinct above, pro- minently raised below; main nerves up to about 8 pairs, very faint on both surfaces when dry but visible by trans- mitted light, curving up to form a loop c. 1 cm. from the margin, with a fainter loop nearer the margin, tertiary Vol. VIT. (1988). 114 M. R. HENDERSON. nerves and a fine close reticulation also visible by trans- mitted light. Petioles up to 1.5 cm. long, sheathing at base. Flowers terminal, usually solitary but sometimes in threes. Pedicels stout, up to 1 cm. long but usually less than half this length. Bvracteoles 2 pairs, the outer ovate or ovate lanceolate acute up to 3 cm. long, the inner ovate rotund, 2 cm. long. Calya 3.5-4 cm. long, ovate, the tube very fleshy c. 1.5 cm. long, lobes 5 unequal, ovate rotund, very fleshy, up to 2.5 em. long and 2.2 em. broad, the inner lobes narrowed and auricled at base. Corolla coriaceous, 9-10 cm. long, funnel shaped, the tube narrow at base, much widened above, c. 5 cm. long; limb 9-10 cm. across, lobes 5, broadly ovate or elliptic, apex rounded, ec. 5 cm. long and 3.5 cm. broad. Stamen filaments slender, attached to corolla tube 2.5 cm. from its base, free portion c. 4 em. long, anthers oblong, blunt, c. 1 em. long. Ovary narrowly cylindric clavate, glabrous, longitudinally fluted, narrowed into the style, which is slightly shorter than the stamens. Stigma broadly funnel shaped. Fruit unknown. PAHANG: Bukit Chintamani, between Bentong and Karak, climbing on a limestone rock face, Henderson 25036 (type) ; flr. white, in October. Evidently allied to F’.. Curtisui, King and Gamble, but differs in the thinner, wider and more rounded leaves, in the flowers being usually solitary or sometimes in threes and somewhat larger, and in the much larger and more deeply cut calyx. J Fagraea Sparei, sp. nov. (Plate XXVIII A). F. lanceolata, King et Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. iv, 607, non Blume; Ridley, Flor. Mal. Pen. ii, 420. Frutex scandens. Folia ad 12-13 cm. longa, ad 5.5 cm. lata, coriacea, oblanceolata, basi cuneata, apice obtusa vel breviter obtuse acuminata, sicco brunneo-nigra; costa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus obscuris, petiolo ad 1.5-2 em. longo. Calyx oblongus, c. 2.3 cm. longus; lobi 1.3-1.4 em. longi, oblongo-ovati rotundati. Corolla carnosa, ad 5.5 em. longa et 4-5 cm. lata; tubus anguste infundibuli- formis, 3.5 em. longus; lobi ovato-rotundati, 2 cm. longi, 1.7 em. lati. Filamenta c. 3 cm. longa, antheris oblongis, breviter acutis, 4-5 mm. longis. Ovariwm anguste cylin- dricum, cum stylo 4.5 em. longum. Fructus ovoideus vel oblongo-ovoideus. A climbing shrub, ? epiphytic. Branchlets ashy brown when dry, bark smooth. Leaves up to 12-13 cm. long, 5.5 cm. broad, coriaceous, oblanceolate, the base narrowed, the apex blunt or with an abrupt blunt point; both surfaces blackish brown when dry, minutely rugulose, midrib faint Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Additions to Flora of the Malay Peninsula. 115 above, prominent below, main nerves very faint or invisible. Petiole stout, 1.5-2 cm. long, sheathing at base. Flowers apparently solitary, pedicel c. 1.5 cm. long, compressed, with a pair of lanceolate or ovate bracteoles c. 0.7-1 cm. long at apex. Calyx oblong, c. 2.3 cm. long, fleshy, lobes apparently not spreading, 1.3-1.4 cm. long, oblong-ovate, rounded. Corolla fleshy, about 5.5 cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide across the limb, tube 3.5 cm. long, c. 5 mm. wide at base, narrowly funnel shaped, lobes ovate rotund, 2 em. long and 1.7 cm. broad. Stamen filaments inserted 1.6-1.7 em. above base of corolla tube, free portion c. 3 cm. long, basal part thickened for about 7 mm., gradually tapering into the slender upper part; anthers 4-5 mm. long, oblong, shortly acute. Ovary and style 4.5 cm. long, the ovary narrowly cylindric, tapering into the rather stout style. Fruit ovoid or oblong ovoid, c. 1.5 inches in diameter (ex Ridley), crowned by the rather long fragment of style. JOHORE: Sungai Tukong Estate, Gordon Spare F 952 (type) ; fir. Sept. Kluang State land, Forest Dept. 5849 (a fragmentary specimen, but probably this species). PERAK: Maxwell’s Hill, Wray 32202; Larut, Kunstler 6848. This species is quite distinct from F’. lanceolata Bl., as Ridley remarks in Flor. Mal. Pen. ii, 420. It does not appear to be at all common and only rather poor material of it has been collected. GESNERACEZ. Paraboea Bakeri, sp. nov. 72 P. ferruginea, Ridl. affinis, sed indumento haud fer- rugineo, breviore, nervis et reticulationibus subtus multo magis prominentibus, inflorescentiis brevioribus, laxioribus, sepalis quam corollam brevioribus differt. A stemless herb, rhizome stout with copious slender roots. Leaves up to 7.5 cm. long and 5 cm. broad, ovate or orbicular ovate, blunt, usually abruptly narrowed to the minutely cordate or auricled base or the base rounded and sometimes unequal; margin crenate; texture thick; upper surface bullate in life, smooth when dry in the older leaves and minutely and densely white pubescent, lower surface closely glandular papillose between the reticulations; midrib and c. 7 pairs of main nerves impressed and somewhat faint above, very prominent below and thick, as are the reticulations, all covered with a dense pale brown or yellowish brown matted tomentum. Petioles up to 4.5 cm. long, stout, densely pale brown hairy. Jnflorescences up Vol. VII. (1983). 116 M. R. HENDERSON. to 8 or 9 cm. long, peduncles, pedicels and sepals densely hirsute with long pale brown matted hairs, in fruit glabres- cent; cymes lax, fewflowered, subumbellate. Calyx tube very short, sepals narrow triangular lanceolate acute, 3 mm. long. Corolla c. 7 mm. long and 6 mm. wide across the expanded lobes, tube 3.5-4 mm. long, narrowly campanu- late, puberulous, 2-lipped, lobes orbicular, the largest 2.5 mm. long and broad. Stamen filaments inserted near the base of the corolla tube, minutely pubescent, curved, c. 2.3 mm. long. Avnthers orbicular oblong, c. 1.9 mm. long. and 1.2 mm. broad, very lightly coherent by their apices. Ovary oblong, 1.2 mm. long, shortly and densely pubescent, abruptly narrowed into the rather stout style which is 2 mm. long and stiffly white pubescent in its lower two- thirds. Stigma small, rounded. Capsule oblong or oblong conic acute, puberulous, c. 5 mm. long. PAHANG: Bukit Sagu, about 18 miles N.W. of Kuantan, alt. c. 1000 ft., on bare dry limestone, Henderson 25094 (type) ; flowers white with a faint pink tinge, in October. Named after Mr. V. B. C. Baker, Sungai Lembing, Pahang. ’ Paraboea Bettiana, sp. nov. P. laxa, Ridl. probabiliter affinis, sed caule longiore, foliis petiolatis cordatis, inflorescentiis brevioribus haud laxis, sepalis pubescentibus haud glabris differt. Stem woody, up to 45 cm. tall, densely softly white hairy. Leaves membranous, more or less crowded towards the top of the stem, up to 12 cm. long and 7 cm. broad, ovate lanceolate to ovate, apex acute, base broad, shallowly cordate or rounded and often unequal, margin deeply and coarsely serrate and softly white hairy; upper surface sparsely softly long white hairy, lower surface more sparsely so; main nerves 6-7 pairs, faint above, slender but raised and distinct below with long spreading white hairs. Petioles slender, reaching 13-14 cm., softly white hairy. Inflorescences numerous, up to 18 or 20 cm. long, peduncles slender, up to c. 12 cm. long, strawcoloured, softly white hairy, becoming glabrous, dichotomously branched, usually twice, the branches rather strict. Pedicels slender, pubes- cent, up to 4.5 mm. long, bracts linear caducous, 1-1.6 mm. long. Calyx tube short, sepals linear oblong acute, pubes- cent, 2 mm. long. Corolla 4-6 mm. long, 4.5-6 mm. across expanded lobes, 2-lipped, the upper lip of 2 ovate blunt lobes 2.5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, lower lip of 3 similar but smaller lobes granular-glandular within, tube 2-2.5 mm. long, obconic-campanulate. Stamen filaments inserted c.1 mm. from base of corolla tube and decurrent on it to the 7 Corde Bulletin, S.S. . Additions to Flora of the Malay Peninsula. 417 base, free portions curved, c. 1.5 mm. long, Anthers quad- rate, about 1 mm. across, the pair filling the mouth of the corolla tube. Staminodes 2, slender, clavate, c. 1 mm. long. Ovary conic oblong, pubescent, about 1.1 mm. long, nar- rowed into the style. Style 1.3 mm. long, pubescent, not exceeding the stamens, stigma small capitate. Capsule 9-10 mm. long, pubescent, narrowly cylindric oblong, style persistent. PAHANG: Bukit Cheras, about 15 miles W.N.W. of Kuantan, alt. c. 500 ft., at mouth of. limestone cave in soil kept damp by drip, Henderson 25250 (type) ; flowers lilac- mauve, in October; same locality, on wet limestone rock, Henderson 25216. Apparently aberrant in Paraboea in the presence of staminodes, but the flowers are otherwise those of this genus. This plant bears a striking superficial resemblance to Boea minutiflora, Ridl., also from limestone, but it can be distinguished easily by the cordate or rounded, not atten- uate leaf bases, and the straight, not twisted capsules. Named after Mr. D. Bett, Sungai Lembing, Pahang. Paraboea floribunda, sp. nov. Caulis erectus, ad 10 cm. longus. Folia opposita, 15 em. longa et 6 cm. lata, elliptico-lanceolata, ovata vel obovata, apice acuta, basi minute cordata; supra glabra, subtus ad costam nervosque sparse pilosa, nervis lateralibus utrinque 13-14, pagina superiore impressis, inferiore pro- minentibus, margine crenata, petiolo ad 1 cm. longo, dense hirsuto. Pedunculi communi ad 9 cm. longi, sparse hirsuti. Pedicelli c. 6-10 mm. longi. Sepala c. 4 mm. longa, linearia, sparse pilosa. Corolla c. 1.5 cm. lata, late campanulata, lobis rotundatis. Stamina 2, filamentis 1.5 mm. longis, antheris late triangularis, c. 1-1.2 mm. longis. Ovarium cylindrico-conicum, tomentosum, ec. 2.5 mm. longum. Stylus 3-4 mm. longus, curvatus, stigmate obscure bilobato. Capsula 1.5 cm. longa, anguste cylindrico-oblonga, angulosa, minute puberula. Stem woody, tomentose, c. 10 cm. tall. Leaves more or less tufted at the top of the stem, opposite, 15 cm. long and 6 cm. broad, elliptic lanceolate, ovate or obovate, apex acute, narrowed to the minutely cordate or almost auricled, sometimes unequal base; margin crenate; upper surface glabrous, pale green but darker along the veins, minutely impressed dotted; lower surface pale with long sparse reddish hairs on midrib and main nerves; main nerves 13-14 pairs, impressed above, prominent below, cross nervules and reticulations distinct. Petiole up to about 1 cm. long, reddish pink, densely hairy. Inflorescences Vol. VII. (1933). 118 M. R. HENDERSON. numerous, peduncles up to 9 cm. long, reddish pink with rather sparse stiff whitish hairs, in the perfect inflores- cence with 2 terminal flowers, of which the uppermost opens first, and 2 branches c. 1.5 cm. long, each again with 2 terminal flowers and 2 branches ec. 0.6-0.8 cm. long which bear 1 terminal and 2 lateral flowers; inflorescences often reduced by suppression of one of the terminal flowers on the secondary branches or by partial or complete suppres- sion of the tertiary branches; bracts narrow lanceolate c. 8 mm. long. Pedicels variable in length, up to 1 cm. long, sparsely white hairy like the bracts. Sepals linear, sparsely white hairy, c. 4 mm. long. ‘Corolla c. 1.5 cm. across, broadly campanulate, distinctly 2-lipped, the broad rounded lobes nearly all of the same size, but the lower lip longer than the upper one, lobes lilac, tube slightly paler, some- times with a number of darker lines in the throat. Stamens inserted near the base of the corolla on slight swellings, filaments stout, 1.5 mm. long, anthers broadly triangular, coherent at apices, c. 1-1.2 mm. long, connective broad and ridged. Disc a very short fleshy ring round base of ovary adherent to the sepals. Ovary green, white tomentose, cylindric conic, c. 2.5 mm. long, tapering into the rather stout curved 3-4 mm. long style. Stigma green, obscurely bilobed. Capsule narrowly cylindric oblong, angled, 1.5 cm. long, sparsely and minutely puberulous. Described from living plants in cultivation. KEMAMAN: Bukit Kajang, Sungai Nipah, Corner 26022 (type). Probably related to P. Curtisti, Ridl., and P. obovata, Ridl., but not similar to any other described species from the Malay Peninsula. This is a most attractive and very floriferous plant ‘not difficult to cultivate. One specimen grown in the Botanic Gardens, Singapore, had no fewer than 29 erect umbellately arranged inflorescences each bearing on an average about 10 faintly scented flowers. A fully developed inflorescence will bear 18 flowers, but usually a number of flowers are suppressed. VERBENACEZ. Clerodendron hispidum, sp. nov., (Plate X XIX). C. langkawiense, K. & G. probabiliter affinis sed ramis pubescentibus pilis longis, foliis multo latioribus, hispidis, petiolis longioribus, calyce maiore, tubo corollae multo breviore differt. Gardens Bulletin, S.S.- F Z . age ae ‘ Additions to Flora of the Malay Peninsula. 119 A shrub ec. 1-1.5 metres tall. Branchlets terete, densely yellow hispid when dry, finely longitudinally ridged. Leaves chartaceo-membranous, up to 24 cm. long and 10 em. broad, elliptic or oblong ovate, the broadest part occasionally above the middle, apex long acuminate, base rounded or very shallowly cordate or sometimes attenuate; margins rather irregularly sinuate dentate or almost entire, hispid; upper surface drying brown or blackish brown, lower usually paler, both hispid with rather sparse pale hairs which are dense on the midrib and main nerves; midrib distinct but not prominent above, bold below; main nerves 7-8 pairs, rather indistinct above, raised and distinct below, the basal pair usually at a more acute angle to the midrib than the others, the next 3 or 4 pairs usually almost straight than gently curving along the margin, the upper- most pairs emerging from the midrib more obtusely, often almost at right angles, then curving abruptly upwards; the looped intramarginal nerve usually indistinct; transverse nervules distinct below, distant, more or less horizontal, reticulations lax, rather faint. Petioles 3-8 cm. long, stout, densely hispid, often longitudinally ridged when dry. Panicles terminal, thrysoid, pyramidal, up to 25 cm. long, densely yellow hispid, bracts leaflike, progressively smaller from below upwards, branches 1.5-2.5 cm. apart, c. 1.25-2 em. long, bearing rather densely flowered trichotomous cymes, the peduncles and pedicels with dense multicellular hairs, bracts and bracteoles long linear subulate. Pedicels ce. 0.5-1.2 em. long, occasionally shorter, thickened at apex. Calyx 10-11 mm. long, campanulate, lobes ovate lanceolate acute, 8-9 mm. long, outside with very long stiff multi- cellular hairs especially on the mid-rib, nerves and margin, glabrous within, 5-nerved. Cov‘olla tube cylindric, slightly expanded at base, c. 13 mm. long, c. 2.7 mm. in diameter at base and c. 1.6 mm. near apex, scabrid puberulous outside except at base, shortly and sparsely glandular hairy within, lobes oblong ovate or somewhat obovate, rounded, subequal, ce. 4.5 mm. long and 3 mm. broad, the midlobe of lower lip somewhat narrower than the others and subacute, glabrous within, densely hispid pubescent without. Filaments exsert, slender, glabrous, c. 13 mm. long, anthers ovate blunt c. 1.6 mm. long and 0.6-0.7 mm. broad. Style slender, glabrous, c. 20 mm. long, stigmatic lobes slender, subulate, tapering, c. 1 mm. long. Ovary rounded, glabrous, shallowly lobed. Fruit unknown. PAHANG: in lowland forest near the limestone hill Bukit Sagu, Kuantan district, Henderson 25085 (type) ; fir. October, corolla yellow, calyx red hairy. Vol. VII. (1933). 120 M. R. HENDERSON. MYRISTICACEZ. Horsfieldia bracteosa, sp. nov. (Plate XXX). H. sucosa, Warb. affinis, sed foliis maioribus, panicula rufo-pubescentia, bracteis conspicuis, subpersistentibus, antheris paucioribus differt. A tree c. 12-.3 metres tall. Branchlets stout, glabrous, pale grey brown, with raised longitudinal ridges. Leaves up to c. 28 cm. long and 8.5 cm. broad, lanceolate, ovate lanceolate or slightly oblanceolate, apex acute, base nar- rowed; both surfaces glabrous; when dry the upper usually blackish or greenish brown, the lower dull red brown or pale brown; margins revolute; midrib prominent below; main nerves up to 14 pairs, usually inconspicuous on the upper surface, distinct below, at first straight, then curving up to and along the margin, sometimes forming loops, trans- verse nervules few and very inconspicuous. Petiole stout, black, rugulose, bordered by the decurrent margins of the leaf blade. ¢ flowers numerous in branched panicles from axils of fallen leaves, up to 13 cm. long, the rachis black, flattened and finely longitudinally ridged when dry, minutely rufous pubescent, sparsely so on the older parts, densely on the ultimate branchlets; branchlets terminating in umbellate cymules of 3 flowers, each cymule subtended by a conspicuous subpersistent bract; bracts variable in shape, ovate blunt or lanceolate: subacute, up to 3.2 mm. long and 1.8 mm. broad, rufous hairy on edges and black dotted. Perianth depressed globose, glabrous, c. 1-1.3 mm. long and 1.2-1.7 mm. broad, segments 3, glabrous within. Pedicel 1.1-1.2 mm. long, glabrous. Androeciwm shortly stipitate, broad depressed globose, anthers 7, connate for their whole length, their apices inflexed. ? flower and fruit unknown. PAHANG: Tembeling, in lowland forest to west of rail- way station, on calcareous soil, Henderson 24521 (type) ; fir. May. Easily distinguished from other Malay Peninsular species of similar habit by its large conspicuous bracts. LAURACEZ. ‘Endiandra Holttumii, sp. nov. (Plate XXXI). A E. Kingiana, Gamble foliis pro rata angustioribus, tenuioribus, glabris, paniculis longioribus, floribus maioribus distinguenda. ) A tree c. 16-17 metres tall. Branchlets terete, glabrous, pale whitish grey or brown, longitudinally striate, youngest branchlets angled. Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous, up to 19 Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Additions to Flora of the Malay Peninsula. 121 em. long and 8 cm. broad, oblong lanceolate to elliptic, apex shortly acute, base cuneate; both surfaces glabrous, the upper shining brown when dry, the lower dull, paler; midrib somewhat impressed or flattened above, raised below; main nerves up to 12 pairs, distinct on both surfaces, raised below, almost straight at first then gently curving up to and along the margin, tertiary nerves irregular, the cross nervules distinguishable from but not more prominent than the fine areolate reticulations which are raised on both surfaces; petiole stout, black, rugose, up to 1.8 cm. long. Panicles dense, axillary or terminal, up to 7-8 cm. long, rachis golden pubescent; pedicels rather stout, red pubes- cent, c. 2 mm. long; bracts caducous; buds ovoid, bluntly pointed, rufous pubescent, 3.5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide. Perianth tube densely red pubescent, c. 1 mm. long, lobes fleshy, cream coloured in life, the 3 outer larger than the 3 inner, one outer lobe usually larger than the other two, 4 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad, ovate oblong or ovate, blunt or subacute, margin thin, red pubescent, glabrous within except for a rufous granular glandular patch at base and a few rufous glandular hairs near apex and on midrib; inner lobes oblong lanceolate, more or less acute, 4 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, glabrous except at base or densely rufous granular glandular within; lobes reflexed in anthesis. Stamens 3, 2-2.2 mm. long, rufous glandular pubescent, thick, triangular conoidal, narrowing to just above anthers then ‘widening to a broad triangular blunt point, connivent and enclosing ovary; anther-cells c. 1 mm. long, narrow, distant, immersed in the connective, lids curling upwards and outwards. Ovary pyramidal, 3-angled, c. 1.2 mm. long, glabrous; style very short, stigma blunt, rounded. Frwt unknown. PAHANG: Sungai Tekal, between railway line and the abe river, on stream bank, Holttum 24679 (type) ; fir. pri A specimen in rather young bud collected at Rompin, Pahang by the Forest Dept. (No. 17114) is most probably referable to this species. EUPHORBIACE2. Sauropus calcareus, sp. nov. Frutex parvus, glaber, multi-ramosus. Folia glabra, orbiculata, late oblongo-ovata vel ovata, apice rotundata vel minute emarginata, basi rotundata vel minute cordata, ad 3 cm. longa et 2.5 cm. lata, nervis lateralibus c. 6-jugis, Vol. VII. (1933). 122 M. R. HENDERSON. indistinctis, reticulationibus conspicuis, petiolo ad 1-1.5 mm. longo. Stipulae acutae, persistentes, ad 1 mm. longae. Flores 6: pedicelli capillacei, ad 8 mm. longi, apice in- crassati; calyx ad 2 mm. latus, breviter 6-lobus; columna staminalis brevissima. Flores 9: pedicelli ad 2-3 mm. longi; calyx campanulatus, fere ad basin 6-lobus, lobis late obovatis, brevissime apiculatis. Ovarium subglobosum, trigonum, c. 1 mm. longum. Capsula depresso-globosa, c. 4.5 mm. diameticus. A low much branched bush. Branchlets glabrous, bark black and winged, the youngest twigs brown and striate. Leaves thin, glabrous, alternate, orbicular, broadly oblong ovate or ovate, apex rounded or sometimes very slightly emarginate, base round or minutely and shallowly cordate, up to 3 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, upper surface pale greenish when dry, the lower more or less glaucous; main nerves about 6 pairs, faint on both surfaces, almost at right-angles to the midrib, straight, and interlooping at two-thirds of the distance to the margin, reticulations raised on both surfaces, thicker and much more prominent than the main nerves, especially towards the margin. Stipules very small, acute, persistent, up to 1 mm. long. Petiole short, 1-1.5 mm. long. ¢ flowers on very short densely bracteate axillary tubercles, bracts broadly triangular ovate acute, dentate, c. 1 mm. long, the inner ones narrower. Pedicels capillary, up to c. 8 mm. long, apex thickened. Calyx shallowly saucer shaped, c. 2 mm. in diameter, black when dry, scarlet in life, margin 6-lobed, the lobes broad and shallow and somewhat irregular, disc lobes 6, acute, prominent in the young flower and enclosing the staminal column. Staminal column very short and broad. 2? flower: pedicel 2-3 mm. long, stouter than in the é¢ ; calyx campanu- late or probably eventually saucer shaped, c. 1.9 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad, when spread out c. 3.56 mm. across, 6-lobed nearly to base, lobes subequal, broadly obovate, shortly apiculate. Ovary sessile, subglobose, trigonous, c. 1 mm. long, styles 3, adnate to top of ovary for almost all their length, only the bifid recurved tips free. Capsule somewhat depressed globose, c. 4.5 mm. in diameter, black when dry, seeds straw coloured. PAHANG: Gunong Senyum, on limestone, alt. low, Henderson 22316 (type); flr. and fruit July. Very distinct in its pale round leaves with their con- spicuous reticulation. # Richeriella malayana, sp. nov. (Plate XXXII). Ab R. gracili, Paxt & K. Hoffm. foliis maioribus, pro rata angustioribus, inflorescentiis ¢ multo longioribus, rs Gardens Bulletin, S.S. J Additions to Flora of the Malay Peninsula. 123 multiramosis, floribus pedicellatis, staminibus leviter longi- oribus, antheris brevioribus; inflorescentiis ? longioribus, ramosis, differt. A bush or small tree c. 3-4 to c. 13 metres tall, glabrous. Branchlets terete, pale when dry, finely longitudinally striate and densely lenticellate. Leaves 15-28 cm. long, 4-10.5 em. broad, lanceolate, oblong lanceolate, elliptic oblong or somewhat obovate, apex acuminate, base narrowed or ‘rounded, margin recurved and somewhat wavy; midrib distinct above, prominent below; main nerves 11-13 pairs, fine but distinct and slightly raised above, raised and conspicuous below, curving up and interarching c. 0.5 cm. from the margin, with 2 further series of subsidiary loops nearer the margin; secondary nerves and cross nervules raised and distinct on both surfaces, reticulations fine but distinct. Stipules ovate lanceolate acute, c. 2.5-3 mm. long, peltately attached, early caducous and leaving rather con- spicuous circular scars. Petioles stout, c. 5 mm. long. Staminate inflorescences up to 18 ecm. long, usually from lower leaf axils but occasionally from upper ones, much branched, the secondary branches reaching 10 cm. in length, the tertiary ones up to 6 cm., all slender, flattened and striate when dry; flowers in dense glomerules from 4-10 mm. apart, up to about 8 flowers in each glomerule; bracts broadly triangular ovate acute, c. 0.7 mm. long and 0.5 mm. broad, strongly keeled on back; young buds sessile, mature flowers with a stout ridged pedicel c. 1 mm. long; sepals broadly ovate blunt to orbicular, concave, c. 1-1.2 mm. long, c. 1 mm. broad, margin at apex minutely irregularly dentate, aestivation quincuncial; stamen filaments slender, c. 2.2-2.5 mm. long, broadened at base; anthers broadly oblong ovate, c. 0.4-0.5 mm. long and 0.3-0.4 mm. broad; dise glands fleshy, broadly obconic truncate, c. 0.2 mm. long; rudimentary ovary oblong, c. 1 mm. long, cleft to below middle into 2 subulate recurved arms. 2 flowers unknown. Pistillate inflorescences in fruit reaching c. 6 cm., often branched but not so much as the staminate inflorescences, fruiting pedicels slender, up to 2.5 em. long; calyx persis- tent, of 5 triangular ovate acute reflexed lobes c. 0.8-1 mm. long and 0.6-0.7 mm. broad. Capsule c. 5 mm. long and 1 cm. broad, much flattened vertically, black when dry and reticulate, trilobed, dehiscent into bivalved cocci, leaving a persistent axis, seeds 2 in each coccus. PERAK: Gunong Pondok, at base of limestone cliff, Henderson 23790 (2 type); ¢ firs. June; Tambun lime- stone cliffs, near Ipoh, Burkill 6281, ¢ fir. Sept.; Padang Rengas, Burkill 13561, ¢ fir. June. PENANG: Road to Balik Pulau, Curtis 2463, ¢ fir. July; Balik Pulau, Ridley 9396 (type of fruit), fruit July. Vol. VII. (1933). 124 M. R. HENDERSON. PAHANG: Sungai Tawar, Pulau Tioman, Burkill 1029, é fir. June; Pulau Tioman, Kloss sine num., ¢ fir. June. 2?MALACCA: Cantley’s collector 2247; fruit Sept. Cantley’s collector gives the Malay name Pokok Surang- keng, and notes that it is used for rafters and firewood. The plant is usually a bush or a small bushy tree, but may reach 40 feet (fide Curtis). The male flowers are usually green, but Curtis notes them as white. The genus Richeriella was erected by Pax and K. Hoffmann in Engler, Pflanzenreich 81 (1922) 30 for a plant described by Merrill under the name Baccaurea gracilis from Palawan, Philippine Islands, and hitherto has been known only from this locality. The specimens quoted above were found to have been distributed doubtfully between the following genera in the herbaria at Kew and Singapore:—Antidesma, Actephila and Kumnstlerodendron (Euphorbiaceae) and Maesa (Myrsinaceae). Aporosa microstachya, Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv, 2 (1866) 474; Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich Euphorb.-Phyllanthoid.-Phyllanth. (1922) 102. NEGRI SEMBILAN: Gunong Tampin, Goodenough 1895, Burkill 3159. Distrib: Burma, Mergui, Tongkah. Aporosa selangorica, Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engl. Pflan- zenreich Euphorb.-Phyllanthoid.-Phyllanth. (1922) 105. PERAK: sine loc., Scortechini sine num. SELANGOR: Ulu Gombak, Burn-Murdoch 119, Syming- ton C. F. 20501, Sanger-Davies C. F. 2279, Jaamat C. F. 11192; Bukit Enggang, Kajang, Symington C. F. 241387; Dusun Tua, Ridley sine num.; Klang Gates, Ridley 13385 (type). PAHANG: Pulau Chengei, Pahang river, Ridley 2288; Tembeling, Henderson 21773; Jerantut, Holttum 24748; Gunong Senyum, Henderson 22307. These two species are not included in Ridley’s Flora of the Malay Peninsula. Blumeodendron Tokbrai, J. J. S. in Mededeel. Dept. Land- bouw, x (1910) 12, 460. PERAK: Waterfall, Larut, alt. 300 ft., Wray 3279; fruit October. | PAHANG: Tembeling, Henderson sine num.; fruit May. JOHORE: SS. Sedili, Corner sine num. “ Tree c. 60 ft. high in swamp jungle.” SINGAPORE: Reservoir jungle, Corner sine num.; fruit March. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Additions to Flora of the Malay Peninsula. 125 A note by Sir George King on Wray 3279 reads:. “Sir Joseph Hooker doubts this being the true Mallotus Tokbrai of Blume.” Although the specimens quoted are in fruit only, there can be little doubt that they are correctly placed in B. Tokbrat. Wray’s specimens were not taken up in the Flora of British India, and as they were preserved in the Wray Herbarium in Taiping they were presumably not seen by Ridley and not mentioned by him in his Flora of the Malay Peninsula. Sumbavicpsis albicans, J. J. S. in Mededeel. Dept. Land- bouw, x (1910) 12, 357. PAHANG: Tembeling, in lowland forest to west of rail- way station, on calcareous soil, Henderson 24526; fruit May. This plant has not hitherto been recorded from the Malay Peninsula. It is known from Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines. Excoecaria oppositifolia, Griff. in Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist., iv, 386; Hook. fil., F.B.I. v, 474. PERAK: Gunong Pondok, alt. c. 200 ft., Henderson 23794; fruit June. Also collected by Scortechini, without locality, number or date, probably in Perak; this specimen _ was found in the Indian covers at Kew, which accounts for the fact that the species has not hitherto been recorded from the Peninsula. Distrib: India and Burma. ZINGIBERACEZ. Alpinia Burkillii, Hend., in Gard. Bull. S.S., iv (1927) 55. This must be regarded as synonymous with Alpinia pahangensis, Ridl., Flor. Mal. Pen. iv (1924) 282, although the published descriptions would indicate some differences in the flower structure. The correct name for this plant is now Languas pahangensis (Ridl.) Hend. LOWIACE. Orchidantha calcarea, sp. rov. O. longiflorae, Ridl. habitu affinis, sed foliis pro rata angustioribus, floribus minoribus, staminibus quam petalis brevioribus, stigmatis irregulariter breviter dentatis differt. A tufted plant with thick fleshy roots. Leaves lanceo- late acute, margin wavy, up to 73 cm. long including petiole, Vol. VII. (1983). 126 M. R. HENDERSON. eand up to 7 cm. wide, petiole c. 24 cm. long, channelled above and bordered by the decurrent margins of the blade, sheathing ; midrib depressed above, prominent below, nerves and reticulations indistinct. Flowers in pairs, axillary. Bract c. 4.5 em. long, sheathing, apiculate, greenish purple. Calyx tube c. 8 cm. long, white, faintly tinged pink, lobes ce. 6 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide, linear oblong apiculate, blackish purple, yellowish green at base, spreading, margins more or less revolute. Petals 2.8 cm. long, linear, long acuminate, white with a few reddish purple lines near the margin; lip c. 5.5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, the claw. dark purple, edges overlapping and enclosing the petals and stamens, when spread out c. 2 cm. wide; the limb obovate, creamy white, strongly rugose with raised rugulose veins running from the claw and becoming thicker and branched in the limb, the tip with a triangular sinus 1.4 cm. deep into which the very broad, raised and rugulose papillose midrib projects as a tapering smooth subulate point some- what exceeding the lobes. Stamens c. 1.8 cm. long, pale cream colour, base of filament slightly dilate and purple, apex rounded blunt, anthers linear c. 7-8 mm. long; pollen grains oblong, rounded at both ends, sometimes somewhat reniform, smooth, white, semitransparent, 150-200 wu long and 75 u wide. Style slender, white, c. 1.1 cm. long. Stigma fleshy, vulviform, with three obtriangular arms, the centre one 6 mm. long, the side ones 4 mm. long, margins involute, truncate and shortly and irregularly dentate at apex, purple on outer face, white with a purple rim within. Described from living plants in cultivation. UPPER PERAK: Lenggong, near the limestone hill Gunong Runto, abundant at one point, Henderson 26023 (type). Plants were brought back alive to Singapore (Accession No. 72/30) in June 1930, but it was not until October 1932 that they flowered. Although the flowers are striking by reason of the contrast between the deep purplish black of the sepals and the creamy white of the lip, they are not conspicuous, being borne at ground level and hidden by the leaves. They have rather an unpleasant odour. This species can be distinguished at a glance from both the other Peninsular species—O. longiflora, Ridl. and O. maxillarioides, Ridl.—by its relatively narrower leaves, long narrowed and decurrent on the petiole and by the distinctly wavy margin of the blade. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. — — Additions to Flora of the Malay Peninsula. 127 INDEX. Names of new species in Clarendon, of synonyms in italics. An asterisk denotes an illustration. PAGE. IRs naa he sc ciel aes eee se eee ee eee cee 99 ESS ES 5 rt 105 Se GeMmimelmmrenain HERG.” .., 6.205.546 5 ccc te te ees 94 te Renee AO NPGPP a dare.) See Be ale ce lw te ee 108 I RSS ot 107 ES ESS VS ES ae Re 125 - Eo) ARI pile re er 125 nasi MICTOStACmMye) WINICII YAP. fc 2 nn CS Se le ee ee 124 LM eaamnerene em ix ge AG) IGG bod eo ee 124 ER it) ae eee 99 IEC TIREAIT NMED TG cil eNerst>. 2 cient tae oh ds Gio hc 4 elke Sea apm eee 124 Ie COND OE A OES ee. le ted ic cal en S ad wonpe wane ee oe were sade 94 SuInnUNNENMNNE IMESEMOEINNANL. TTOTNG. © 2s cs ea ew we tcc ene cae usecase 118 SS i OS 9 en en 99 ER Eee On 8 | Oa ee 99 Mane OMCMEMIOET OPICIG.. ¢ Sc Ss kek ks ck ew ee epee epee eves 92 & Sn Se SSS ee ete oe it ee 90 ere UN IEC INTE ETON eS a ee kk cw tbe ce eee 120 Excoecaria oppositifolia, gL REY eee en ee ee 125 errmenneni rer tore 5 i oo oe SS. oe ee. 113 xd eevee. tome & Ganibles 29707. c oi eS... 114 Sparei, Pe at i net a eet 114 Goniothalamus Reenter NII PEON es te 2. Big 8 pace. s. « 88 ee Sia win nda witb cules ik woke sm we 0 111 SSDS ES CGS & (1s go a ga ee 120 eer RIESE PTOI. TM. od ne oe alg se hk ne cea eee baw we 107 Sure mcaanrencic (iidi.) Hend’o-o 5.2... oie eee eee cee 125 Lasianthus scalariformis, King & Gamble*..................... 107 A SE SSO) EER 3 F217; OR gs os rr 103 er SG oy pale ee ee he a 96 cement Ia e Pat. 46.2. ek ws so eae cals sete cece. 104 nn TEIIRINIINED Worry ee re ee tee ade ee 103 EE Oe a ee a -. 125 MS A cD ADIAT te t ot, wiats Fede ss age ae escee 115 5. CE EE ET ilps [oS SR ee 116 a EL, RR ET Bits ag aah a ee 117 Denier Ta tewanimin. lend... : Soe a ccs ca ccc ncececces 102 TE a Ss a te Gp! es 97 EEG SS SIE a ce Rn a 108 NS oe a a 101 nnn MRIGWRNS WPORA 0. fat ce G Pac ca see ee eee ee eee 122 MEN ESAS as NI ee 121 Peeuterm MGSan@emsis, Fens. = 2260). cbse. ee ce eee ees 105 ES SRR ae | 105 x GUTS SENTERO oe et ee 104 a Gp Re dn a 99 Sumbaviopsis albicans, J. J. RRS ON en RE 125 NS NE rs ee ae tke bee es lence cece: 103 Toxocarpus glabrescens, fond LOPS 61g Se GOES ee Sad eee 109 RIDE RMAMEEE PR tet i Wis y Gide et ov cet emecccs 110 Tylophora ealcicola, Hend.*.................+-0:: rh aET sat ot 3,0 111 cm Ridleyi, Hend IRIE lee Tk Tn ee las © wes 111 EEN EE RIES DO 108 EE er 99 ES en a a 99 Wendlandia ternifolia, RAT ed eign pob)s aco hay s maw been ns a ie we 108 ES 89 Vol. VII. (1933). 7" ve” 128 M. R. HENDERSON. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. (Except where otherwise stated, the figures of flowering or fruiting branches are a little less than half natural size.) —- PLATE XV. Goniothalamus tortilipetalum, Hend. PLATE XVI. Xylopia tembelingensis, Hend. 1, flowering and fruiting branch. 2, bracteole and pedicel x ¢.7. 3, flower with pea removed x ¢c.7. 4, longitudinal section of fruit. PLATE XVII. Aglaia tembelingensis, Hend. 1, flowering branch. 2, flower buds x ¢.4.5. 3, part of staminal tube with 2 inflexed anthers x c¢.20. ; PLATE XVIII. Meliosma rufo-pilosa, Hend. 1, leaf and inflorescence. 2, tip of branchlet. 3, flower x c.10. 4, outer petals x c.10. 5, fertile stamen and inner petal x c.20. 6, ovary, style and dise x c.20. PLATE XIX. Pistacia malayana, Hend. 1, leaf, and ¢ inflorescence c. Nat..size.. 2, 9 flower x¢.25. PLATE XX. Pygeum odoratum, Hend. PLATE XXI. Medinilla crassiramea, Hend. 1, branch and inflores- cence. 2, flower bud x ¢.5. 3, stamen x c.10. PLATE XXII. Schefflera musangensis, Hend. 1, fruiting branch. 2, flower x c.4. 3, fruit x c.2.5. PLATE XXIII. Acanthopanax malayana, Hend. Flowering branch. Flower x c.10. PLATE XXIV. Lasianthus scalariformis, King & Gamble. 1, flower- ing and fruiting branch x c.%. 2, flower x c.6. 3, corolla opened out x c.6. PLATE XXV. Urceola montana, Hend. 1, flowering and fruiting branch. 2, flower bud x c.10. 3, flower x c.10. 4, stamen from inside x c.23. 5, stamen from outside x c.20. PLATE XXVI. Toxecarpus glabrescens, Hend. 1, flowering branch. 2, bud and expanded flower x c.3. 3, staminal column and style apex x c.15. PLATE XXVII. Toxocarpus pauciflorus, Hend. 1, flowering branch c. nat. size. 2, flower x c.5. 3, staminal column and style apex x c.20. PLATE XXVIII. A. Fagraea Sparei, Hend. 1, flower bud; 2, opened corolla; 3, pistil; all x c.5/6. B. Fagraea calcarea, Hend. PLATE XXIX. Clerodendron hispidum, Hend. 1, calyx x c.4. 2, corolla x c.4. PLATE XXX. Horsfieldia bracteosa, Hend. 1, flowering branch. 2, flower buds x ¢.10. 38, androecium x c.20. PLATE XXXI. Endiandra Holttumii, Hend. 1, flowering branch. 2, part of lower surface of leaf showing reticulation. 3, expanded flower x c.5. 4, ovary and 2 stamens x c.10. 5, stamen x c.10. PLATE XXXII. Richeriella malayana, Hend. 1, branch with ¢ inflorescence. 2, ¢ flower x c.10. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. eae 4 i { #) | en 4 Ee: i 4 = oo — SS LEI Bull. $.8. Vol. VII. . i ‘\ U a a ee A Plate 16. ee A AOL ep oS \\ \\ y, AN ~~ ; YN \wneumne : NE | if SS vps As i ig, Dy, RAS NN Ny aval ati Ties, sone ans: COINK vit < t\ Se aew Supe RU ‘\ wil 1) Ry » jt Gard. Bull. 8.8. Vol. V1. in oa" Loa & 8 AL Gard. Bull. §.§. Fol. VII. ut ar Plate 18. iy Ap GY LIL” Fol. FI. Plate 19 Gard. Bull. 8.8. Vol. VII al 7 . es PP SS ee mes cai, ir" Re =? , - ar Le | 2 ‘ ——s 7 we wet » J AG red = “d . Seo Plate 20. N ~ AN “~ ) ~s n —~ SS SS: i} 4G, WEG sSsS=—S SSE Wf A YWEEL> LES=VS>_ SS LSS Y/) | ~ CAG BSS ees LOB JP IEX == LFS IWOGS SS | CGS, IES SS EN NSS | Lipa fe BASS SS. Ss t 4 Nes * +, = = | ‘ A RS SS eS NS SS, GO PSS SS QS G, SSS WSS Ga SS : RQ ZA RSS ERY Gass ‘ RQ we, SF J é * oF Dip aly Upp on “ya \% Ui, "pp ». uy ET be Fie oes Mt Ay a Ze sae) Vial | ll CMa pil VI ye Wy A HAW hin Ges-Z Pt lt Wit all ld ener KEES 4 Gard. Bull. SS. Vol. VU. hy Plate 25. 2 6 J Ze >.< , hig x ———— Gard. Bull. 8.8. Fol. V'11. Plate 26. sy ) A pa ee OD ye esl ay ME) AMY 8! Gard. Bull. $.S. Vol. VI. Plate 27. =, SRY we ZASS LW ope Ld A\\ 7 Jas \ UNS fl DS aig: WN Lp a ag a4 Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII. ae : a . r B , oat i ‘ ard. Ball. S.S. Vol. VII. G < oe ‘ x -- ae s a aa ee yeni $inram) ax S ¢ BLS Plate 29. Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII. Plate 30. Plate 31. “TN Tilip rrp Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. V1. Plate 31. Gard. Bull. 8.8. Vol. V1. Gard. Bull. SS. Vol. VI 129 Notes on Malayan Dipterocarpaceae—I. By C. F. Symington, B.Sc., Asst. Forest Research Officer, ‘; Malayan Forest Service. For some months during 1932, by the courtesy of the Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, I had the opportunity of studying the Dipterocarpaceae in the her- barium there. Examination of the type material reveals the necessity for re-adjustment of our conception of the botanical status of some of our trees and considerable re- F duction to synonymy with the consequent alteration of some of the accepted names. I am dealing in this number mainly with some of our species of Shorea but include also Balanocarpus multiflorus, which is more closely related to a group of Shorea including S. Faguetiana and S. hopeifolia than to some of the other species of its genus, and has therefore been studied here. With the synonymy I have given any references to literature or iconography affecting the argument or which may help to a clearer understanding of the species through description or figure. In many cases I have added short descriptive notes which seem to me desirable for a more complete understanding of the botanical characters of the species. The concluding paragraph of the notes under each species is for the benefit of Malayan Forest Officers who are concerned less with the details of synonymy than a botanical name for the trees they meet in the jungle. The majority of the drawings of leaves and inflorescence are by Mr. Wong Sze Moy of the Forest Research Institute, Kepong. The drawings of the flower parts I have done myself. . I am particularly grateful to Mr. Henderson of the Herbarium, Singapore, for assistance in the publication of these notes and to Dr. van Slooten of Buitenzorg for most generously lending me valuable type sheets. et) 0 We Se Oo iS 4 —— = “Shorea Hemsleyana, King, MSS. in herb. Calcutta; Fox- worthy, Mal. For. Rec. 10 (1932) 167, in part: Balano- carpus Hemsleyanus, King, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Ixii, 2 (1898) 134, & Ann. Bot. Gdns. Calcutta, V, 2 (1896) 160, pl. 198; Brandis, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxi (1895) 109: Shorea grandiflora, Brandis, l.c. 93; Pachychlamys Hemsleyanus, Ridley, Flora Mal. Penin. I (1922) 234.—Plate XXXII. This species was first described by King in 1893 from several collections made in Penang and Perak (Curtis 2512; Vol. VII. (1933). 130 C. F. SYMINGTON. King’s Coll. 5431, 6670 & 7562; Scort. 1653). He described the plant as Balanocarpus Hemsleyanus but added a note upon the anomalous nature of the species which had flowers more like those of a Shorea. In 1922 Ridley placed the species in the genus Pachychlamys, a genus named in manuscript by Dyer. Foxworthy in 1932 removed it to the section Brachyptera of the genus Shorea where it is most happily placed. I am reducing to synonymy with this, Shorea grandiflora described in 1895 by Brandis from a Bornean collection of Haviland No. 2121. There is no doubt whatever of the identity of these species although Hav. 2121 has flowers above the average size of those in our collections and has a more hairy ovary. In King’s original description of B. Hemsleyanus he says, “‘ Ovary elongate-conic, tomentose, tapering into a sparsely puberu- lous style”’ but Brandis and Foxworthy describe the ovary and style as glabrous and Ridley omits to mention it. Actually the ovary and style are quite glabrous in young buds but as the flower develops a fine silky pubescence appears as a ring around the upper portion of the ovary and may extend to the style. Foxworthy’s conception of the species (Mal. For. Rec. 10, 167) is not clear as he has included under S. Hemsleyana all our collections of Shorea macrantha, Brandis, a closely allied but quite distinct species. His description however is evidently based upon authentic material of Shorea Hem- sleyana but the following addition might be made—The flowers may be as much as 1.8 cm. long. The three rows of stamens are not always evident, the two shorter rows sometimes being almost equal. The filaments are many times longer than the anthers and the connectival append- ages, erect in youth and curved or deflexed in age, are about twice as long as the anthers. The ovary is glabrous in youth but becomes silky pubescent as it matures. Collections examined— PENANG: Curtis, 2512. PERAK: King’s Collector, 5431, 6670 & 7562; Scortechini 1653; C.F. 12001, 12002, 12018 and 12019. BORNEO: Haviland 2121 (Type of S. grandiflora, Brandis). This tree is probably not well-known to Malayan Forest Officers as all the collections in the F.R.I. Kepong are exclusively from Parit reserve in Kinta district where it is known as chengal pasir. With the reduction of S. grandi- flora, Brandis to synonymy we have now to record this species also from Borneo. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 7 Notes on Malayan Dipterocarpaceae—I. 131 Shorea macrantha, Brandis, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxi (1895) 97; Shorea Hemsleyana, Foxworthy, Mal. For. Rec. 10 (19382) 167, in part, not of King.—Plate XXXIV. This species was described by Brandis from a flowering collection No. 2119 of Haviland from Borneo. There is a close similarity between this species and Shorea Hem- sleyana, King both in flower and fruit and Foxworthy has included our collections along with authentic material of the latter species. Brandis placed the species in the Section Pinanga but his judgment was based on the evidence of flowering material only. Fruiting collections show clearly that the species belongs to the Section Brachyptera as conceived by Heim. It is possible to amplify considerably Brandis’ des- cription with the material now available. Medium sized trees; young branches stout, covered with a dense tawny stellate tomentum. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic oblong, shortly abruptly acuminate, slightly in- equilateral, base cordate or truncate; upper surface brown glabrous shining except along the densely tomentose midrib; lower densely ferruginous or tawny stellate tomentose or scabrid; margins slightly revolute; secondary nerves 12-17 pairs, anastomosing at the margins, inconspicuous above, prominent beneath; tertiary nerves parallel, prominent beneath; size of mature leaves very variable, 6-18 cm. long by 3-7 cm. broad; petiole up to 7 mm. densely tawny tomentose; stipules sub-falcate, persistent, tawny tomen- tose, broad at base, acute at apex, 5-nerved. Panicles axillary and terminal, racemose, up to 12 cm. long, branches short distichous each subtended by two persistent stipular bracts, all tawny tomentose; flowers 2-5, fascicled on the short branchlets, each subtended by two small more or less persistent bracts, sessile. Sepals 5 mm. long ovate acute stellate tomentose without, glabrous within, three rather larger than the other 2. Petals linear up to 2.9 cm. in mature flowers, glabrous inside, tomentose along one half outside (said to be “red and white’’). Stamens 15 in 3 rows; filaments broad and flattened at base, those of the smallest row about 4 times as long as the anthers; append- age to connective 1-2 times as long as the anther, filiform, erect in bud becoming curved or deflexed in age. (The appendages of the largest row of stamens are _ usually relatively smaller than those of the other rows and are often obscured beneath the anthers in mature flowers). Ovary glabrous or minutely sericeous puberulous in mature flowers, narrowing into a glabrous filiform style 2—3 times as long as the ovary. Stigma deltoid. Ripe fruit, oblong apiculate, tawny tomentose, up to 5 cm. long by 2 cm. broad. Persistent sepals nearly equal, bases thickened woody, Vol. VII. (1933). i> ae) Ow * “ea yee ee eee 132 C. F. SYMINGTON. slightly rugose and tawny puberulous, 2 cm. long by 1.5 em. wide, forming a cup which embraces the lower portion of the fruit. We have several collections of this tree from Pahang which are distinct from other collections in having leaf nerves depressed on the upper surface to give a quilt-like appearance and in that the lower surfaces of the leaves are scabrid rather than tomentose, but I can detect no essential differences in this form. Comparison of S. macrantha, Brandis and S. Hem- sleyana, King. There is a very close similarity between these species but S. macrantha may easily be distinguished by the smaller, more oblong, inequilateral leaf and shorter petiole and, in flower, by the long linear corolla lobes. Collections examined— PERAK: Singapore 138247; C. F. 0314, 324i) 8050, 8808, 9722, 9751, 10260, 10290, 10460, 10493, 10810 and 27805. PAHANG: C. F. 3553, 15039, 15684 and 15751. BORNEO: Haviland 2119 (Type of S. macrantha, Brandis). | This also appears to be a tree of comparatively re- stricted distribution and therefore probably not well-known to many Malayan Forest Officers. Our collections are all from flat land either in Perak where the tree is known as chengal pasir or from Pahang where it is known as kepong hantu. The occurrence of this tree in the same locality and under the same vernacular name in Perak as Shorea Hemsleyana is probably responsible for its confusion with that species. Shorea rugosa, Heim, Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris (1889) 973; Brandis, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxi (1895) 96: Shorea verrucosa, Dyer, MSS. in herb. Kew: Shorea sp., Foxworthy, Mal. For. Rec. 3 (1927) 37, with two plates: Shorea uliginosa, Foxworthy, Mal. For. Rec. 10 (1982) 210 and 277.—Plate XXXV. The type material of S. rugosa, Heim was collected in Borneo by Beccari between 1865 and 1868. These collec- tions (Becc. 2638 and 2890) do not show the cupping of the leaves seen in the type of S. uliginosa, Foxw. but the flower structure and texture of parts is absolutely identical. In briefly describing this material Brandis says that the stigma is tri-partite but in all flowers I have examined the stigma has been small and either simple or minutely papillose. Otherwise Brandis’ description agrees with that of Foxworthy for S. uliginosa to which I have little to add except that the cupping of the leaves is by no means always Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Notes on Malayan Dipterocarpaceae—lI. 133 evident in herbarium material; the sepals are unequal, the two inner being half the size of the three outer; the stamens are of three sizes, two relatively. short rows and one long, and the connectival appendage of the smaller stamens be- comes deflexed only as the flower matures. Collections examined— PERAK: C. F. 17065, 27803, 27819 and 27831. SELANGOR: C. F. 0432, 3263, 7938 (Type of S. uliginosa Foxw.), 11001, 21968, 23228, 24865, 27065, 27696, 27872, 28381, 29051, 29052, 29053, 29059, 29060, 29101, 29102 and 291038. BORNEO: Beccari 2638 and 2890 (Types of S. rugosa, Heim), Haviland 2252. This tree is our common cup-leaved form of meranti bakau found in freshwater swamp. Dr. Foxworthy’s name of Shorea uliginosa is here reduced to synonymy with S. rugosa, Heim from Borneo. Shorea platycarpa, Heim, Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, ii (1891) 956: Shorea nigrescens, Dyer, MSS. in Herb. Kew: Shorea leprosula, Boerl., Cat. Hort. Bog. (1899) 110, not of Miquel: Shorea palustris, Ridl., Fl. Mal. Penin. I (1922) 224; Foxworthy, Mal. For. Rec. 10 (1932) 212._Plate XXXVI. Heim’s original description was drawn from a Bornean collection of Beccari (3302) bearing very young fruit. Ridley’s type of S. palustris (C. F. 2073) has vegetative parts which are absolutely identical and fruits which are nearly mature. I have felt more confident in identifying Ridley’s species with that of Heim after examining a Bornean collection of Haviland (2252) which was included under the Shorea leprosula cover at Kew. This bears flowers which are identical in every way with those from our collections from the peninsula. The flower of this species has been described by Fox- worthy from C. F. 0310. On his description I should like to comment that in none of the flowers examined have J found any trace of scabrities on the awns which, as in S. rugosa, Heim, S. lepidota, Bl. ete. are at first erect but later become deflexed. Also the stigma is distinctly deltoid. This is an important point as it seems to be one of the few essential differences between the flowers of this species and those of the two just mentioned. Collections examined— DINDINGS: C. F. 2329 and 27842. PERAK: C. F. 14378, 24601, 24615, 27801, 27808, 27823 and 29064. Vol. VII. (1933). 134 C. F. SYMINGTON. SELANGOR: C. F. 03810, 2073 (Type of S. palu- stris, Ridl.), 2920, 15310, 153837, 17043, 17044, 17045, 27063, 29058 and 29705. PAHANG: C. F. 6657, 15677 and 20131. JOHORE: C.F. 23f2. SINGAPORE: S’pore 406 (Cult. in Econ. Gdns.). JAVA: Herb. Bog. 233 (Cult. in Hort. Bog. VII-B-40). BORNEO: Beccari 3302 (Type of S. platycarpa, Heim); Haviland 2253;> age 28695 (Brunei). This is the tree frequently known to Malays as meranti kait-kait, merantt paya etc. or has been referred to as “the round-leaved form of meranti bakau” (vide Fox- worthy). ~ Shorea Teysmanniana, Dyer, ex Brandis, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxi (1895) 100: Shorea cochinchinensis, var oligo- neura, Boerl., Cat. Hort. Bog. (1901) 107: Shorea paludosa, Foxw., Mal. For. Rec. 10 (1932) 277.— Plate XXXVII. The species was originally described in 1895 by Brandis from a sterile collection of Teysmann from Bangka. The unsatisfactory type specimen consists of a twig with six rather immature leaves and two buds, and it is not sur- prising to find that it has been overlooked by subsequent authors. The species next appeared as a fruiting collection from a tree in the Buitenzorg Gardens which was catalogued by Boerlage as S. cochinchinensis, var oligoneura. In 1932 Foxworthy described his S. paludosa from a_ fruiting collection identical with Boerlage’s specimen. Haviland’s collections Nos. 2255 (flower and fruit) and 2330 (flower) are the only flowering specimens I have seen. That the above are all identical there can be no doubt. A very distinctive vegetative feature which is evident in Brandis’ original type and in every other collection I have examined, is the presence of long-stalked vegetative buds. The fruit of this species has been described by Fox- worthy. The following flower description is drawn from Haviland 2255. Unfortunately when examining the speci- men I omitted to make complete notes on the nature of the inflorescence. Flowers sessile, 7 mm. across when expanded. Sepals ovate, acute, tomentose outside and glabrous within, three large and two smaller, the largest about 2 mm. high. Petals oblique oblong 6 mm. long by 1.5 mm. broad when ex- panded, tomentose along one side without, glabrous within. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Notes on Malayan Dipterocarpaceae—lI. 135 Stamens 15 in 2 rows, the larger, of five stamens, twice as long as the smaller; filaments several times longer than the anthers, flattened, and much expanded at the base; appendage to connective of large stamens a minute awn which becomes curved and defiexed in age; appendage of smaller stamens 2-3 times as long as the anthers, at first erect, later curved. Ovary about 1 mm. long consisting of a lower glabrous portion and an upper: finely tomentose, ridged, conical portion tapering into a style as long as the ovary and glabrous above; stigma enlarged and disc- like. Collections examined— SELANGOR: C.F. 3264, 23229, 23939 (Type of S. paludosa Foxw.), 24566, 24567, 27064, 27069 and 29054. BANGKA: Teysmann (Type of S. Teys- manniana, Dyer) and Herb. Bog. 6591. JAVA: Herb. Bog. 229 (VII-C-25 in Cat. Boerl.-authentic specimen of S. cochinchinensis var oligo- neura, Boerl.). BORNEO: Haviland 2255 and 2330. This is the swamp tree which has been collected in the Peninsula only from Kuala Langat and Telok Reserves in Selangor where it is known as meranti bunga. It is here shown to be not a “new species” but one described by Dyer in 1895 as Shorea Teysmanniana. Shorea lepidota (Korth.) Blume, Mus. Bot. ii (1852) 32; Brandis, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxi (1895) 96; not of Foxworthy, Mal. For. Rec. 10 (1932) 166: Vatica lepidota, Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. (1839) 73: Vatica ? stipulosa, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1860) 486: Shorea ? nitens, Mig. l|.c. 488: Shorea stipulosa, Burck, Ann. Jard. Buit. VI (1887) 220: Shorea megis- tocarpa, Foxw., l.c. 216, Pl. xvii—Plate XXXVIII. This species was first described from fragmentary flowering material from Sumatra by Korthals in 1839 as Vatica lepidota. In 1852 Blume referred the plant to Shorea. In 1860 Miquel, with a sterile Sumatran collection of Teysmann’s described his Vatica ? stipulosa which in 1887 was referred to the genus Shorea by Burck. Contem- poraneously with his description of V. stipulosa, Miquel published his Shorea ? nitens. He evidently failed to identify these as one species because the type of V. stipulosa Vol. VII. (1933). 136 | C. F. SYMINGTON. represents the immature stage with long leaf and woolly stem rather different from the more mature stage repre- sented by S. nitens. Brandis made the reduction of S. nitens Miq. to S. — lepidota, Bl. in 1895. He also states that “S. stipulosa Burcek (= V. stipulosa, Miq.) may possibly belong to this species.” With the material of this species now at our disposal it is possible with confidence to remove the doubt from his statement. Van Slooten ex Heyne in Nutt. Plant. Ned. Ind. 2nd edit. (1927) 1121 gives S. aptera, Burck, S. palembanica, Mig., S. nitens, Miq., S. stipulosa, Burck, V. lepidota, Korth. and V. stipulosa, Mig. as synonyms of S. lepidota, Bl., but is mistaken in uniting the first two with the others. S. palembanica Miq., to which is reduced S. aptera, Burck, (see notes on S. palembanica, Miq.), is the tree described by Foxworthy under S. lepidota. It grows along stream banks and has large, short-winged fruits which are valued for their fat. S. lepidota (Korth.) Bl., to which the others are reduced is the quite distinct tree described by Fox- worthy as S. megistocarpa. It has a fruit of the usual long-winged type of Shorea. The types of V. lepidota Korth., V. stipulosa Miq. and S. nitens, Miq. are superficially not unlike collections of S. palembanica but may be dis- tinguished by the narrower and more oblong leaves, the somewhat shorter and more delicate petioles, the slightly flattened branchlets and the large, long-persisting, sub- faleate papyraceous stipules. The type of V. lepidota, Korth. consists of an immature twig and a twig with pedun- cles which bore very young fruit all of which have fallen except on the Buitenzorg sheet. This sheet which retains three young fruit and exactly matches C.F. 636 provides the key to the identity of S. megistocarpa, Foxw. with S. lepidota, (Korth.) Bl. The type of V. stipulosa, Miq. con- sists of sterile twigs from a seedling or sapling with long, short-petioled leaves, a woolly stem and large persistent stipules. Once recognised seedlings of this species are easily distinguished. The type of S. nitens, Miq. is a sterile mature twig and finds an almost exact match in C.F. 26050 and others. This tree (S. lepidota (Korth.) Bl.), then, is that which ~ Foxworthy has described as S. megistocarpa. He has fully described the species but I should like to add the following notes— Sepals unequal, the two inner only half the length of the three outer: Petals linear-oblong when fully expanded, up to 8 mm. long: Stamens of two heights, the five inner twice the height of the ten outer; filaments tend to be Gardens Bulletin, S.S. [Pda re +g) i = at 7 : asi a a ‘ . * Pi : 4 A t =z 4 . . ( i oe ee PI Tis ane OPT RP IL! > ST ¥ Notes on Malayan Dipterocarpaceae—I. 137 hollowed out from the posterior as in St gibbosa, appendage to connective of large stamens about as long as the anther, that of small stamens about twice as long as the anther. In young buds all appendages are erect but as anthesis approaches first those of the posterior row of stamens become deflexed and later the remainder also. Ovary is finely pubescent. (This is one of the few floral distinctions between S. lepidota and S. rugosa. In the latter the ovary is densely tomentose) . Collections examined— KEDAH: C.F. 11465 and 12219. PERAK: Coa, *6a89,- 12981, ‘24647, 25551 . and 27225. NEGRI, SEMBILAN: C.F. 636 and 23349. TRENGGANU: C.F. 26701, 26892 and 26936. PAHANG: C.F. 1292, 2395, 5435, 6661, 6827, 8110, 10611, 138773, 23877, 24373, 26042, 26050, 26504, 26518 and 31507. JOHORE: C.F. 5893 (Type of S. megisto- carpa, Foxw.) and 6012. SUMATRA: Herb. Utrecht 35913 (— Herb. Bog. 797 Teysmann (Type of S. nitens, Miq.), 35916 (= Herb. Bog. 2076) Diepen- horst (Type of V. stipulosa, Miq.), 3917 sine nota, 35918 Korthals (Type of V. lepidota, Korth). and 72529 (— Herb. Bog. 591) Teysmann; Herb. Bog. 589 Teysmann. This is the large meranti found usually on low-lying land and known sometimes as meranti pala. It has been described as Shorea megistocarpa (vide Foxworthy l.c. 217) which is here shown to be identical with the older species S. lepidota (Korth.) Bl. by which name it must in future be known. The name S. lepidota is shown to have been misapplied to what is actually S. palembanica, Miq. Picsien parvifolia, Dyer, in Hook. £, ¥1. Brit: Ind. i (1872) 305; King, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. Ixii, 2 (1893) 112 in part; Brandis, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxi (1895) 92; Foxworthy, Mal. For. Rec. 3 (1927) 31 with 2 plates; not of Foxworthy, Mal. For. Rec. 10 (1932) 199: Shorea scutulata, King, l.c. 110; Brandis, l.c. 102; Foxworthy, l.c. 201.—Plate XXXIX. This species was first briefly described by Dyer from three flowering collections (2549, 1577 and 1197) made Vol. VII. (1933). 138 C. F. SYMINGTON. by Maingay in Malacca. These were all given the Kew distribution number 206. In 1893 King amplified Dyer’s description but from the fact that he says, “‘ apiculus of connective very slender, about as long as the anther,” I am > inclined to think that he did not examine authentic flower- ing material of S. parvifolia, Dyer. Actually King cites Curtis 201 under S. parvifolia. It is a good flowering collection and was very probably examined by him but it is not S. parvifolia, Dyer but the closely related S. ovata, Dyer (See S. ovata). Had King examined authentic flowers of S. parvifolia, Dyer it is improbable that he would have redescribed the species as Shorea scutulata, King. I have examined flowers of Curtis 1396 from Penang, the type of S. scutulata, and also flowers from the types of S. parvi- folia, Dyer and have no hesitation in uniting these species. King in his description of S. scutulata makes the statement that the anthers are inappendiculate and Brandis says of that species—‘“‘in bud I have invariably found a short pointed apical appendage.” In my experience the append- age is invariably present although it becomes deflexed as the flower matures and is at least twice as long as the anther. The plant referred by Foxworthy to S. parvifolia is actually S. ovata, Dyer. Foxworthy has given a full botanical description of this species under S. scutulata but I should like to make the following remarks—On each branchlet of the panicle there are usually 3-5 flowers, each about 7 mm. long. Sepals of two sizes, the three outer, broadly lanceolate ovate obtuse, are 2—3 times as long as the two inner which are ovate acute. Petals when mature, 3 times as long as the largest sepals. Antherine appendage at first erect, becomes deflexed in age. Ovary consists of a glabrous basal portion and a slightly ridged sericeous upper portion considered by Brandis to be a stylopodium. The style is about the same length as this stylopodium. Among our numerous collections of this species there is a certain amount of variation. Collections from Kedah and Perak frequently have more elongate stipules than those from Selangor, and other collections, mainly from Pahang, have more oblong leaves which are more uniformly puberu- lous on the under surface. In the field also I have noted that the tree in Perak appears somewhat different from what I consider to be the same species in Selangor. How- ever after careful examination of our herbarium material I must conclude that these variations do not constitute specific distinction. Moreover Dyer’s type collections are not all identical. 2549 is typical of the form found in Selangor while 1577 and 1197 represent the Pahang form. Gardens Bulletin, SS. >») (itu lecee* » ‘ ee ae ee ee Pe i a i Oe 2 Notes on Malayan Dipterocarpaceae—I. 139 These minor differences may therefore reasonably be con- sidered within the range of variation of the species. Comparison of S. parvifolia, Dyer with S. ovata, Dyer. These two species are so very much alike that an enumera- tion of the essential differences may be useful. The trees are less likely to be confused in the field than in the herbarium because Shorea parvifolia is typically a tree of the plains while S. ovata is exclusively a hill form rarely seen below 1,000 ft. In the herbarium sterile specimens of S. ovata may be recognised by the typical ovate leaf of thicker texture and with a slightly longer petiole than S. parvifolia. Flowering specimens of S. ovata usually have more flowers on each branchlet of the raceme which are usually distichous as opposed to secund, but the only really reliable floral distinction is in the length of the antherine appendage. This in S. ovata is not more than the length of the anther while in S. parvifolia it is from 2-8 times as long as the anther. Collections examined— SIAM: S’pore 24220, 24223 and 24335. PENANG: Curtis 1396 (type of S. scutulata, Dyer) ; S’pore 3465 and 3750; C.F. 25638 and 28044. KEDAH: C.F. 7597, 7608, 8901, 8911, 8979, 10054, 11466, 11469, 12226, 12597, 17753 ‘and 17865. PERAK: C.F. 037, 038, 0131, 0133, 0117, 4554, 8305, 10370, 10395, 11025, 16340, -11026, 13223, 16635, 24493, 24603, 25438, 25585, 27802, 27818 and 28972. SELANGOR: CC. t2eaetoo, gaol, 4698, 5712, 5791, 7064, 7911, 95438, 9544, 9550, 10897, 13261, 138954, 14907, 15263, 15358, 16475, 16489, 16906, 213874, 21961, 22070, 238098, 23124, 23125, Zoieos. folet, 20128, 23852, 24886, 26351, 26385, 27895 and 28368. NEGRI SEMBILAN: C.F. 0610, 0611, 0621, 0630, 2007 and 23701. MALACCA: Maingay 1577, 1197 and 2549 (K.D. 206, Types of S. parvi- folia, Dyer); C.F. 2015 and 2052. Vol. VII. (1933). 140 C. F. SYMINGTON. TRENGGANU: OF. Zetia PAHANG: S’pore 24052; C.F. 1018, 10mm 1274, 1276, 1278, 4628, 4795, — ~ 4999, 5065, 5090, 5437, 5503, 5508, 5509, 6612, 8136, 8146, 10610, 10614, 14002, 15145, 17128, 23375, 23386, 23419, 26176, 28221 and 28313. JOHORE: C.F. 5856, 5862, 5966, 6014 and 6151. SINGAPORE: S’pore 634. This is the tree usually known as meranti sarang puna, one of our most common softwooded Shoreas. Shorea ovata, Dyer, ex Brandis, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxi (1895) 91: Shorea parvifolia, King, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. lxii, 2 (1893) 112 in part; Foxworthy, Mal. For. Rec. 10 (1932) 199, not of Dyer in Hook. f. FI. Br. Ind. i (1872) 305 and Brandis l.c. 92.—Plate XL. — The earliest cited collection of this species appears to be Curtis 201, Penang. This was included by King under Shorea parvifolia in 1893. In endeavouring to amplify Dyer’s brief description of S. parvifolia, King apparently examined the best available flowering collection of what he considered to be that species i.e. Curtis 201 and described not the flowers of S. parvifolia but S. ovata. In 1895 Brandis published the first description of S. ovata using an MSS. name given by Dyer to a collection of Beccari (3092) from Borneo. Brandis cited also Haviland 2042 from which he gave an unsatisfactory description of the flowers of his species. He failed however to identify Curtis 201 with this species, presuming he saw the collection. Thus it is that King’s error in including Curtis 201 under S. parvi- folia has been responsible for the fact that S. ovata has never been recorded from the Peninsula, because sub- sequent authors have included our S. ovata material along with authentic collections of S. parvifolia under the last name. Foxworthy, however, has endeavoured to separate these species by confining the name S. parvifolia to what is actually S. ovata and considering the remainder as S. scutulata. This species has been botanically described under S. parvifolia by Foxworthy but to his description I should like to add the following remarks—The flowers are more often distichously arranged than secund and there are usually 5-10 on each branchlet of the panicle. Sepals of — two sizes, the three outer considerably longer than the two inner. Petals when mature at least three times as long as Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Notes on Malayan Dipterocarpaceae—lI. 141 the sepals. Stamens of three sizes, the smallest row of 5 has filaments about 4 times as long as the anthers, those of the largest row are more than twice as long while the filaments of the middle row are intermediate in height. Ovary consists of a glabrous basal portion and a sericeous upper portion considered by Brandis to be a stylopodium. Style is not quite as long as the hairy portion. Ripe fruit is usually, although not invariably, markedly beaked. Collections examined— PENANG: Curtis 201, 437 and four unnumbered specimens. S’pore 3301, 3341, 3463, 3691, 4830, 4569, 4578, 4902 and 9139; C. F. 11654, 11659, 11660 and 27776. PERAK: C. F. 25430, 25528, 25569, 25750 and 25818. DINDINGS: C. F. 27760. PAHANG: C. F. 20353, 20447 and 23388. BORNEO: Becc. 3092 (Type of S. ovata, Dyer) ; Haviland 2042. _ This tree is typically a high hill form. Because of its habitat it is not well-known to Malays who, when they . come across it, usually call it meranti sarang punai because , of its resemblance to the common meranti sarang punai of the plains (S. parvifolia). Shorea palembanica, Miq., Fl]. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1860) 487: Shorea aptera, Burck, Ann. Jard. Buit. vi (1887) 210, pl. 22: Shorea brachyptera, Heim, Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, ii (1891) 957: Pachychlamys Beccarianus, Dyer, MSS. in herb. Kew: Shorea lepidota, Foxworthy, Mal. For. Rec. 10 (1932) 166; not of Blume, Mus. Bot. ii (1852) 32.—Plate XLI. This species was first described as S. palembanica by Miquel from a sterile collection made by Teysmann in Palembang. In 1887 Burck examined Bornean collections in flower and fruit describing and: figuring them as S. aptera, and four years later Heim re-described the tree as S. brachyptera from Beccari’s collections from Sarawak. I have not seen the specimens upon which Burck founded his S. aptera, but I have seen other collections verified by him, which, together with his published figure, leave no doubt as to his conception of the species. It is somewhat misleading however, that the leafy twig of his figure is from a sapling or, at any rate, is hardly charac- teristic of the mature form. Foxworthy’s S. lepidota is undoubtedly identical with the above. Presumably he has followed Van Slooten (ex Vol. VII. (1933). 142 C. F. SYMINGTON. Heyne, Nutt. Plant. Ned. Ind. 2nd. edit. (1927) 1121) in reducing S. aptera, Burck to S. lepidota (Korth.) Bl. There has been great confusion of these species which I have endeavoured to straighten out in my notes under S. lepidota. ~ Under Shorea Thiseltoni (Syn. S. singkawang (Miq.) Burck) King has cited No. 8162 which clearly ought to be referred to S. palembanica, Miq. Foxworthy, under S. lepidota gives an adequate des- cription of this species but the following remarks are appropriate—The tertiary nerves of the leaf are parallel. The flowers are not reddish but yellow and are borne on a pedicel only 1 mm. long. The stamens are of three sets; the large inner row of five has filaments broadly dilated in the lower half, suddenly narrowing to the filamentous upper half; the two other rows are subequal, one row of five being borne on the backs of the inner large stamens with which the third five alternate; the filaments of these smaller stamens have a very short filamentous portion. The ovary is usually distinctly 5-ridged. All the immature fruits examined have three wings exceeding the nutlet by 1-2 cm. and two much shorter wings. The only perfectly mature specimens I have seen have had the wings broken. The nutlet is apiculate and velvety. ; Collections examined— PERAK: King 8162 and C.F. 5696. TRENGGANU : C.F. 26800 and 26939. PAHANG: C.F. 2736 and 2741. JOHORE: S’pore 21184; C.F. 5905. SUMATRA: Herb. Utrecht 35907 (=~ Herba= Bog. 3681) Teysmann (Type of S. palembanica, Miq.) ; Herb. Bog. 3P/876, Irwaan. JAVA: Herb. Bog. 227 and sine no. “ teste Burcek”’; Herb. Bog. sub VIII. D. 564 cult. in Hort. Bog. BORNEO: Herb. Bog. sine no., Teysmann “det. Burck,” 2077 (bb. 108%9 Labohm and sine no. Kuching, Hewitt; Beccari 2681, 3075 and 5507 (Types of S. brachyptera, Heim. [— P. Beccarianus, Dyer MSS.]); C.F. 390, Sarawak. This tree is not well-known to Malayan Forest Officers. It is invariably found along stream banks and is rarely well shaped. It has been collected in Perak and Johore under the name of sengkawang, in Trengganu as tengka- wang ayer, and in Pahang as merpak. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. b Notes on Malayan Dipterocarpaceae—lI. 143 Shorea gibbosa, Brandis, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxi (1895) 99: Ridley, Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 54 (1909) 23 and Flora. Mal. Penin. 1 (1922) 229; Foxworthy, Mal. For. Rec. 10 (19382) 208: Hopea grisea, Brandis, l.c. 63.—Plate XLII. The descriptions of S. gibbosa and H. grisea were pub- lished contemporaneously by Brandis in 1895. Both were described from flowering collections, the former from Singapore by Ridley and the latter from Borneo by Beccari. It is difficult to understand how Brandis failed to identify the type collection of S. gibbosa with those of H. grisea as they are strikingly alike although the flowers of the latter are in the stage of young bud only whereas those of the former are almost fully developed. In examining the flowers of H. grisea, Brandis evidently noticed no gibbo- sities on the inner row of stamens. I have examined numerous flowers of S. gibbosa in various stages and find that the gibbosities are not evident in young buds. Ridley amplified Brandis’ original description in the works cited above and Foxworthy has reproduced Ridley’s description. This description is adequate but Ridley has, I think, misinterpreted Brandis’ statement with regard to the number of stamens. Brandis says “ The filaments of the 5 inner stamens gibbous on the outside. Below this protuberance are inserted the 5 episepalous stamens of the outer circle.” He does not state that the stamens are 10 only as Ridley and Foxworthy have inferred, and, as he has placed the species in the Section Pinanga presumably he recognised it to have 15 stamens. This actually is the - ease, the inner gibbous stamen being supported on the out- side by two slightly smaller ones with overlapping filament bases. The gibbosity is not a solid structure but is in the nature of a hollow protuberance. There is also some dis- crepancy over the colour of the flowers. These I have never seen in fresh condition. Ridley originally stated that they were “ pink” but later in his flora, pronounced them to be “creamy white.”’ Collections examined— SINGAPORE: Ridley 6079 (Type of S. gibbosa, Brandis) S’pore 3407 and 5963. BORNEO: Beccari 2232 and 2267 (Types of H. grisea, Brandis). With this reduction we now have to record from Borneo this apparently rare species hitherto known only from a Jingle tree which stood near the Botanic Gardens, Singapore. Shorea eximia (Migq.) Scheff., Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxxi (1870) 349; Burck, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 6 (1887) 218; King, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. Ixii, 2 Vol. VII. (1933). 144 C. F. SYMINGTON. (18938) 121: Vatica ? eximia, Migq., Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1860) 486: Vatica ? sub-lacunosa, Mig. |.c.: Shorea sub-lacunosa, Scheff. l.c. 350: Dillentiaceum ? nervosa, Wall. Cat. 6685: Shorea sericea, Dyer, Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. I (1872) 306; King, l.c. 111; Brandis, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxi (1895) 101; Foxworthy, Mal. For. Rec. 10 (1932) 230: Shorea rigida, Brandis, Hook. Ic. Pl. (1895) t. 2402 and Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxi (1895) 102. —Plate XLIII. This species was first described in 1860 by Miquel under two different names Vatica ? eximia and Vatica ? sub-lacunosa. His types were sterile collections from Sumatra and Bangka respectively. In 1870 Scheffer trans- ferred these both to Shorea and in 1887 Burck united them. A flowering collection (Maingay 202, Malacca) was first described by Dyer in 1872 as Shorea sericea. In 1895 Brandis referred a Bornean collection of Beccari, No. 2603, to S. sericea and redescribed the species as Shorea rigida from a Singapore collection of Ridley, No. 6393. These last two species have recently been united by Foxworthy. Brandis, (l.c. 98) has united S. eximia, Scheff. with S. furfuracea, Mig. (l.c. 488) and has been followed by Ridley in F]. Mal. Penin. I (1922) 232 and Merrill in Enum. Phil. Fl. Pl. III (1923) 96. I cannot agree to this union. The type of S. furfuracea, Miq. is an unsatisfactory sterile collection of immature leaves but is clearly different from S. eximia, Scheff. as has been pointed out by Van Slooten (ex Merr. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15 (1929) 204). | King did not unite S. sericea with S. eximia but in amplifying Dyer’s description of the former, he evidently noted the resemblance between the species because he states—‘‘ This resembles S. lacunosa, Scheff., but differs in not having persistent stipules.” (Presumably he has written ‘ S. lacunosa”’ in mistake for “ S. sub-lacunosa.’). The reduction of S. sericea, Dyer to S. eximia, Scheff. has already been indicated by Heyne (Nutt. Plant. Ned. Ind. 2nd edit. (1927) 1116) although in the 1917 edition of his work, p. 298, he gave S. eximia, Scheff. as a synonym of S. furfuracea, Miq. following Brandis. The most complete description of this species is given by Foxworthy under S. sericea and Brandis’ figure of S. rigida is very helpful. My experience in the examination of a number of flowers suggests the following alterations to Foxworthy’s description—Petals elliptic oblong, retuse at apex, in mature flowers three times as long as sepals, glabrous within and along a narrow strip along one side without. Stamens from 55 to 67 (in flowers examined) on long filiform filaments, the longest almost as long as Gardens Bulletin, S.S. ‘yy - f 4 i = - Notes on Malayan Dipterocarpaceae—lI. 145 the petals. Rudimentary appendage usually present although difficult to find. Ovary glabrous on lower portion but continued into an elongated conic sericeous stylopodium. Stigma broad and distinctly 3-partite. Collections examined— PENANG: Curtis 431; S’pore 3471 & 3760; C. F. 2564 & 28019. PERAK: | King 10998. SELANGOR: C. F. 733, 2445, 7052, 7909, 9623, 9642, 11200, 13925, 15289, 21373, 23853, 23867, 24005, 24014, 24708 & 26384. NEGRI SEMBILAN: C. F. 639, 646, 662, 665, 1930, | 1931 & 23757. MALACCA: Maingay 202 (Type of S. sericea, Dyer). TRENGGANU: C. F. 26697, 26722, 26930, 26934 & 26938. PAHANG: C. F. 1022, 1794, 4068, 4529, 5456, 5475, 5732, 10859, 15015, 26511, 27954 & 28321. SINGAPORE: Wall. Cat. 6635 & Ridley 6393 (Type of S. rigida, Brandis). SUMATRA: ~“ Pelembang, prope Muara-doea ”’ Teysmann. (Type of V. eximia, Migq.). BANGKA: “Prope Plangas” Teysmann (Type of VV. sublacunosa, Miq.). The reduction made above recognises Shorea eximia as the correct botanical name for our common meranti kepong, the more commonly applied names of S. sericea and S. rigida lapsing into synonymy. There are many instances of species being described from immature sterile specimens and at another time from mature fertile collections under a different name. It is often not until more material representative of various stages of development is available that the names can be united. Just as a seedling form of meranti tembaga was described as Shorea meranti and later was united with Shorea leprosula which represented the mature form, so S. eximia, the immature form of meranti kepong is here united with S. sericea which represents the mature form. The older name which is retained, happens in this instance to have been applied to the immature form, pee in the former instance it was applied to the mature orm. Vol. VII. (1933). 146 C. F. SYMINGTON. ‘Shorea Maxwelliana, King, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. lxii, ii 1893) 114; Ridley. Fl. Mal. Penin. I (1922) 227; Fox- worthy, Mal. For. Rec. 10 (1932) 194: Shorea utilis, King, l.c. 119; Foxworthy, l.c. 177: Shorea barbata, Brandis, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxi (1895) 81; Foxworthy, Mal. For. Rec. 3 (1927) 68 with plate and Mal. For. Ree. 10 (1932) 178: ? Shorea falcifera, Dyer MSS. ex Brandis, l.c. 86: Shorea ciliata, Ridl., Agri. Bull. S.S. and F.M.S. 4 (1905) 63, not of King: Shorea alba, Ridl. Journ. Roy. As. Soc. 8S. Br. 82 (1920) 171.— Plate XLIV. This species was first described by King in 1893 under two different names. The first was S. Maxwelliana which was based on two collections of fragmentary flowers and immature fruit made in Perak. The second was S. utilis described from a collection made in Penang. From his description it appears that he examined fairly good flower- ing material but now only fragmentary flowers remain on the sheet. There is no good reason why this should not have been identified with the material described as S. Maxwelliana but the latter have rather larger leaves and longer wings on the fruit. The flowers of this species were first adequately des- cribed by Brandis in 1895 when he founded his S. barbata on a collection of Goodenough from Batang Malaka. : In examining the type material of S. falcifera, Dyer from Borneo I was struck by certain resemblances which it bears to S. Maxwelliana. When flowers of this Bornean form are available a more definite statement of the relation- ship of these species will be possible. I have examined the collection of Moorhouse referred to by Ridley in op. cit. 1905, as S. ciliata. This undoubtedly is the species under discussion and not S. laevis, Ridl. to which Foxworthy refers it. Ridley’s S. alba, described in 1920, from a collection made in Penang is identical with S. Maxwelliana. The reduction of S. alba, Ridl. to S. utilis, King has already been made by Foxworthy in M.F.R. 10, 177. In the same vear Ridley cited a sterile collection of S. Maxwelliana (Curtis 426) in describing his Balanocarpus ovalifolius. This same collection was wrongly identified by Brandis as ree latifolius in |.c. 112 and also by Foxworthy in Lc. 143. That Ridley had no clear conception of S. Maxwelliana is evident from the fact that in his flora he cites a specimen of Haniff from Penang (No. 3729) which is actually a Hopea. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Notes on Malayan Dipterocarpaceae—lI., 147 With the aid of numerous sheets ’of this species in our collections it seems desirable to amplify the rather unsatis- factory descriptions hitherto given. Leaves coriaceous, sometimes slightly inequilateral or subfalcate, usually lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate but may be oblong lanceolate, acuminate or caudate-acuminate, the base cuneate or occasionally rounded; the upper surface glabrous shining, chocolate or yellowish brown when dry; the lower similar or distinctly lighter or covered by a minute close peltate fugaceous tomentum; main nerves 7-11 pairs, curved, spreading, depressed and inconspicuous above, slightly raised and more conspicuous beneath; tertiary nerves finely curved and inconspicuous; length usually about 7.5 cm. x 3 cm., but may be from 5-11 cm. long and 2-5.5 em. broad. Petiole 1-1.5 cm. Panicles axillary and ter- minal, up to 10 cm. long, stellate puberulous or covered with a white mealy tomentum; lateral branches distant, less than 1 cm. long, minutely tomentose, 3-6 flowered. Flowers distichous, very shortly pedicelled, more or less globular in bud, 2 mm. long, when expanded 5 mm. across. Sepals ovate-orbicular, blunt, densely tomentose outside, glabrous inside. Petals white, broadly oblong, blunt, slightly contort, sericeous outside, sparsely so _ inside. Stamens (in flowers examined) 24—41; filaments slightly dilated at base up to twice as long as the oblong bi-fid anthers; anther cells densely bearded above, minutely bearded below; appendage to connective slightly dilated, densely ciliate, slightly longer than the anther. (In im- mature flowers the connective and appendage are relatively shorter and the hairs at the foot of the anther cells are sometimes inconspicuous). Ovary conical, sericeous tomen- tose; style glabrous, usually short; stigma minute. Ripe fruit globose or ovoid, beaked, pale adpressed-sericeous, 1 cm. long; beak .5 cm. long, accrescent sepal wings closely ad- pressed to but free from the fruit, membranous, reticulate, deciduously puberulous, variable in size; the three outer similar, 7-nerved, broadly spathulate, slightly constricted at base from 3 x 1 cm. to 6.5 x 1.5 cm.; the two inner, 3—4 nerved, less than half as long, more or less linear. Collections examined— PENANG: Curtis 423 (Type of S. utilis, King) and 3651 (Type of S. alba, Ridl.) ; S’pore 3332, 3454, 3468, 3477, 3495, 3724 & 3733; C. F. 2568, 11671, 11677, 11680, 16637, 27774, 28030 & 28045. Vol. VII. (1933). 148 C. F. SYMINGTON. PERAK: King 3601 & 3744 (Types of S. Maxwelliana, King) ;. ¥F; 11736; 11966, 16054, 24480, 24503, 24640, 24645, 25413, 25423, 25429, 25487, ‘25821 & 25862. DINDINGS: C. F. 16560, 16577, 16597, 16651, 27764 & 27847. SELANGOR: C. F. 732, 24046, 24056 & 28053. NEGRI SEMBILAN: C. F. 5/1912, 401, 630, 653, 664, 721, 1901, 1934, 1982, 2046; 4314, 12821, 12822 & 23698. MALACCA: Ridley 1784 & 1789 (Types of S. barbata, Brandis); C. F. 2004, 4366 & 18272. TRENGGANU : C. F. 26903 & 26923. PAHANG: C. F. 4613, 4620,° 4772) 5428, 5429, 5488, 5500, 5743, 6608, 6633, 10551, 10560, 10562, 10563, 15713, 15%em 15767, 26020 & 26036. BORNEO: ? Beceari 2992 & 3046 (Types of S. falcifera, Dyer); ? Motley Sty The failure to identify S. Maxwelliana, King with its synonyms given above has led to a regrettable vagueness in our conception of the botanical status of one of our most important hardwood trees. This tree is known usually as damar laut daun kechil in Penang, damar laut kuning in Kinta, chengal batu in the Dindings, resak in Selangor and Pahang, kumus hitam in Negri Sembilan and tengkawang in Trengganu but other names have also been applied (vide Po Mal. For. Rec. 10 p. 177 and 179). Shorea Faguetiana, Heim, Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, ii (1891) 975; Brandis, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxi (1895) 965: Shorea dryobalanoides, Dyer, MSS. in Herb. Kew: Shorea Ridleyana, King, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xii, 2 (1893) 115 and Ann. Bot. Gard. Cale. V ii (1896) pl. 185B, in part; Brandis, l.e. 99; Foxworthy, Mal. For. Ree. 10 (19382) 209 in part.—Plate XLV. This species was first described from Bornean collec- tions of Beccari in 1891. In 1893 King described his S. Ridleyana citing two collections from Perak belonging to different species. No. 3617 upon which his description appears mainly to be based is S. Faguetiana, while 3571 is Shorea dea io (Heim) Symington. King’s figure in Gardens Bulletin, S.S. -) sy + -% " ‘ j = 1 4 r = 4 a * »y = » E BRAS AI vit ME as ch, 8! i : Notes on Malayan Dipterocarpaceae—I. 149 Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. represents for the most part the former species but the detail of leaf venation is typical of the latter. Brandis in l.c. says of the flowers of S. Ridleyana— “ Appendage to connective denticulate towards the apex.” I have failed to see any sign of denticulation in any of the flowers examined. Foxworthy has reproduced the descrip- tions of King and Brandis without amplification and has considered together our collections of this species and of S. hopeifolia under the name of S. Ridleyana. King and Ridley have suggested a close relationship between S. Ridleyana and S. Mazxwelliana but it appears to me that the relationship is very remote. The species most closely allied to S. Faguetiana are, in my opinion, S. hopeifolia (Heim) Symington and Balanocarpus multi- florus (Burck) Symington notwithstanding the fact that the last must be kept apart under the present generic conception. I am uniting S. Faguetiana and S. Ridleyana only after careful examination of collections both from Borneo and the Peninsula. Most of the Bornean collections have rather larger leaves than our collections but there is overlapping in this respect. The only fruits I have seen from Borneo are on Beccari 2954 and 2960. In form and texture these are identical with the fruit of our tree but the calyx wings are slightly longer. . The description by King of S. Ridleyana together with the drawing accompanying these notes should be adequate definition of this species. Collections examined— SIAM: S’pore 24219, 24222, 24224 and 24339. KEDAH: C.F. 8907, 12225, 21924 and 27402. PERAK: King 3617 (Type of S. Ridleyana, King); C.F. 11591, 12067, 24512, 25439 and 25711. SELANGOR: C.F. 18226, 18247, 23094, 23211, 24386, 24394, 24397, 24398, 24450 and 24706. NEGRI SEMBILAN: C.F. 23348 and 23681. PAHANG: C.F. 1275, 3945, 3949, 5510, 6620, 6651, 8877, 9505, 10576, 10713, 10714, 10715, 10731, 12836, 15752, 23167, 23370 and 29305. Vol. VII. (1933). 150 C. F. SYMINGTON. BORNEO: Becc. 2566, 2954, 2960 and 3039 (Types of S. Faguetiana, Heim). C.F. 12992, 28Giiem 28656, 28693 and 28705 (Brunei). ? Baram 241 and 307. (Note.—It is possible that Baram 241 and 307 may belong to this species. The flowers are identical in every way with those of S. Faguetiana except for the petals which are much longer than any I have seen in our collections). This is the tree which is usually called damar siput. Herbarium collections show considerable variation resulting -in the tree having been described under two different names. These are here united and the older name of S. Faguetiana is retained. Shorea hopeifolia (Heim) Symington, new comb.: Cotyle- lobium ? hopeifolium, Heim, Bull. Soe. Linn. Paris, i (1891) 971: Shorea Ridleyana, King, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, lxii, pt. 2 (1893) 115, in part; Foxworthy, Mal. For. Rec. 10 (1982) 209. in part: Hopea Het- miana, Brandis, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxi (1894) 63: Hopea albescens, Ridley, Journ. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 73 (1916) 142; not of Foxworthy, l.c. 122.—Plate XLVI. Heim first described this species in 1891 from a frag- mentary flowering collection of Beccari, No. 2491, referring it with hesitation to the genus Cotylelobuum and giving it the inappropriate specific epithet “ hopeifolium.” ‘Two years later Brandis examined the same collection and trans- ferred the plant to Hopea, renaming it Hopea Heimiana. In his description Brandis complains of the fragmentary nature of his material and gives rather an unsatisfactory account of the flower structure. In examining the same collection I was fortunate in finding one almost perfect flower which has enabled me without doubt to establish the identity of the plant with Ridley’s Hopea albescens. In 1893 King described his Shorea Ridleyana from two sheets, Nos. 3617 and 3571. The former, upon which his descrip- tion appears mainly to be based, is S. Faguetiana, Heim. to which I have reduced King’s species, but No. 3571 is identical with S. hopeifolia (Heim) Symington. These species are so very closely related that it is not surprising that confusion should have occurred. Foxworthy has followed King in including our collec- tions of this species together with those of S. Faguetiana Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Notes on Malayan Dipterocarpaceae—lI. 151 under S. Ridleyana. To Hopea albescens, Ridl. he has re- ferred a number of our collections which will probab!y turn out to be Hopea fagifolia, Miq. Fruiting collections of this species have enabled me definitely to refer the plant to the genus Shorea. Unfor- tunately I must resurrect the specific epithet of Heim which is inappropriate and misleading. Previous descriptions of this tree being hardly adequate I have prepared the following— A medium to large tree; young branchlets slender, dark, lenticellate, minutely ridged and glabrous. Leaves thinly coriaceous glabrous, broadly ovate or oblong-lanceo- late, bluntly acuminate at the apex, base rounded or cuneate sometimes with two glands at the insertion of the petiole; margin slightly inrolled; when dry usually purplish brown above, lighter beneath with purple veins; 4.5-9 cm. long, 2-5 cm. broad; petiole a little over 1 cm., rugose; secondary nerves 8-12 prs. spreading, inarching towards the margin, conspicuous beneath; between the secondary nerves 2 or 3 tertiary nerves leave the midrib parallel to the secondaries; tertiary reticulations usually distinct beneath. Panicles axillary and terminal, up to 7 cm. long, densely sericeous or fulvous pubescent, lax, branches each with 4—6 flowers, distichous and regularly alternating; flower bracts fuga- ceous, oblong, obtuse cymbiform, sericeous pubescent with- out. Flowers secund, 6 mm. long including the pedicel; pedicel 2 mm. Sepals sub-equal, rotundate, retuse (some- times mucronate) at the apex, tomentose outside, glabrous within. Petals oblong, fimbriate obtuse at apex, 3 mm. long, pale yellow, sparsely puberulous outside. Stamens 15, sub-equal; filaments dilated in the lower half, arranged in 3’s (2 long and 1 short) opposite each petal; anthers shorter than the filaments; awn filiform about the same length as the anther. Ovary conical, tomentose; stylopo- dium present but not obvious; style short, cylindric, glabrous; stigma minute. Fruit (immature) ovoid, pale tomentose, 5 mm. long, enclosed by but free from the accrescent calyx cup which is distinctly 5-angled, flattened at the base and sparsely stellate puberulous; wings papyra- ceous, puberulous with 7 longitudinal veins; 3 large wings sub-equal 5 cm. long, 1 cm. broad; 2 small wings 3 cm. long and 6 mm. broad. To avoid further confusion of these very closely allied species, the main diagnostic characters of S. hopeifolia and S. Faguetiana are here enumerated. Along with these the characters of Balanocarpus multiflorus (Burck) Symington (= B. penangianus, King) are also considered, because although this species is quite distinct when in fruit, in Vol. VII. (1933). 152 C. F. SYMINGTON. flower, vegetative characters and in the field it comes very close indeed. So remarkably similar are these three species that one cannot but doubt the sagacity of considering the nature of the fruiting calyx as a reliable index to the natural group to which they belong. Shorea hopeifolia Shorea Faguetiana Balanocarpus multiflorus Leaves Usually oblong-lanceo- | Ovate-lanceolate, usual- | Usually oblong lanceolate, late or broadly ovate, | ly larger than those of | pale viridian above and purplish-brown above, | the other two species, | golden yellow beneath. greenish-brown or pur- | when dry usually pale ple beneath with con- | green or yellow above | Secondary nerves 7-10 prs.; spicuous purple veins. | and lighter beneath | tertiary nerves not as in S. hopeifolia Secondary nerves 8-12 | Secondary nerves 8-12 prs.; two or three ter- | prs.; tertiary nerves not tiary nerves leave the | as in S. hopeifolia midrib between each of the secondary nerves and parallel to them. sew bp ads palate ‘ ~ Pe E ne Se a eee wasp to connective long as anther Z, Flower 2 mm. long 1 mm. long Less than 1 mm. long # pedicel ea % Sepals : sometimes mucronate times mucronate ¥ Petals A little more than twice | As in S. hopeifolia About six times as long as as long as sepals sepals Appendage As long as anther Between 1 & 2 times as | As long as anther Ovary Densely tomentose Minutely puberulous | Minutely puberulous Fruit Segments of fruiting | As in S. hopeifolia Segments of fruiting calyx calyx all enlarged into - | forming a toothed cup wings shorter than the fruit. Rotundate, retuse, | Obovate, acute Triangular, obtuse & some- Collections examined— PERAK: King 3571 (cited as S. Ridleyana by King). NEGRI SEMBILAN: C.F. 648. PAHANG: “ D? and D*”’, De Sylva (Types of H. albescens, Ridl.) ; C.F. 0704, 5158, 5444, 6618, 7931, 8112, 83538, 13784, 15702, 23251 and 26037. JOHORE: C.F. 5851. BORNEO: Beccari 2491 (Type of C. hopei- folium, Heim and H. Heimiana, Brandis). Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Notes on Malayan Dipterocarpaceae—ti. 153 As yet we know but little of this tree in the jungle. Most of our collections are from the east of the Main Range in Pahang but it has also been collected in Tebong Reserve in Negri Sembilan and near Kluang in Johore. It has been collected under the names of seraya, seraya batu, seraya labu, damar hitam and damar siput jantan. The indications are that it closely resembles Shorea Faguetiana (damar siput) and Balanocarpus multiflorus (damar hitam) in the field as well as in the herbarium. Y Balanocarpus multiflorus (Burck) Symington, new comb.: Doona multiflora, Burck, Ann. Jard. Bot. Bog. VI (1887) 234: Richetia latifolia, Heim, Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, ili (1891) 976: Richetia oblongifolia, Heim l.c., 979: Richetia acuminata, Heim, l.c. 979: Richetia penangiana, Heim, l.c. 980: Balanocarpus penangianus, King, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, lxii, pt. 2 (1893) 131 and Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, V. 2 (1896) 158, Pl. 191B.; Foxworthy, Mal. For. Rec. 2 (1927) 58, with fe plates, and Mal. For. Rec. 10 (1932) 148: Hopea multiflora, Brandis, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxi (1895) 60; not of Foxworthy, Mal. For. Rec. 10 (1932) 119: Balanocarpus latifolius, Brandis, 1.c. 112; Foxworthy le. 145: Balanocarpus acuminatus, Brandis, Lc. 113.— Plate XLVII. This species was first described as Doona multiflora by Burck in 1887 from a flowering collection made in Sumatra. In 1895 Brandis identified with this a collection bearing flowers made by Curtis in Penang and transferred the species to Hopea. Meanwhile Heim had described Richetia latifolia, R. oblongifolia and R. acuminata from fruiting collections made by Beccari in Borneo and R. penangiana from a collection of Curtis from Penang. These four collections are undoubtedly all of the same species but are representative of the variation found in leaf size and shape. Heim’s species did not long remain in the genus to which he referred them. In 1893 King referred Richetia penangiana (Heim’s type of the genus) to the older genus Balanocarpus, and in 1895 Brandis transferred R. latifolia and R. acuminata to the same genus and reduced R. oblongi- folia to synonymy with Balanocarpus latifolius. In 1899 Boerlage, in Cat. Hort. Bog. p. 102, drew attention to the similarity between H. multiflora, Brandis and B. penangianus, King but the reduction was never made. Foxworthy’s conception of Balanocarpus penangianus is quite clear and the collections C.F. 8135 and 15756 have quite reasonably been referred by him to B. latifolius, but Vol. VII. (1933). 154 C. F. SYMINGTON. they differ from the collections under B. penangianus only in inessential characters which do not constitute specific distinction. He is mistaken, however, in referring the collections cited under Hopea multiflora (Burck) Brandis to that species. These collections belong to two distinct species one of which is probably Hopea fagifolia, Miq. and the other appears to be most closely related to Hopea plagata, Vidal. This species has been adequately botanically described and figured by King under Balanocarpus penangianus but with the supply of material now available it is possible to make the following amplification— The leaves may have as many as 10 pairs of nerves which are raised and often very conspicuous on the lower surface. The fine reticulations of the leaf may be in- conspicuous or clearly defined and of a pellucid nature. It is very characteristic of the species that the leaves usually dry to a pale viridian colour above and a light golden- brown beneath. Some leaves may be over 5 cm. broad. Although 15 is the usual number of stamens, occasionally only 10 are present. Occasionally there are distinct indica- tions of a stylopodium. The fruit may be considerably more swollen in the upper portion than King has figured it and may be as much as 2 cm. long and 1.2 cm. broad. Collections examined— PENANG: Curtis 429 (type of R. penan- giana, Heim) and 3605; S’pore 3145, 3264, 3298, 3403, 3469, 3492, 38714, 3748 and 4650; C.F. 1844, 2470, 2562, 10846 and 11656. KEDAH: C.F. 8905 and 27470. PERAK: King 3333; C.F. 0114, 4571, 8843, 25428, 25449, 25508, 28982 and 28983. DINDINGS: C.F. 16584 and 27850. SELANGOR: C.F. 5204, 9971, 10819, 12954, 14880, 148381, 22057, 220738 and 228382. NEGRI SEMBILAN: C.F. 1790, 2006, 2125, 6552 and 128238. MALACCA: C.F. 2064. TRENGGANU: C.F. 26707 and 26744. PAHANG: C.F. 8135, 15756; 165770 sane 26175. Gardens Bulletin, SS. Notes on Malayan Dipterocarpaceae—lI. 155 SUMATRA: “Ex. Herb. Bog. Recd. Kew 3/1888” (? type of D. multi- flora, Burck). ; BORNEO: Beccari 2511 (type of R. oblongi- A folia, Heim), 2892 (type of R. : latifolia, Heim) and 2942 (type : of R. acuminata, Heim); C.F. ; 28703 (Brunei). : This is the tree commonly known to Malayan Forest : Officers as damar hitam under the specific name of Balano- ; carpus penangianus, King. With the reduction of King’s . species to synonymy with the species originally described by Burck as Doona multiflora the specific epithet of the former gives way to the older epithet and the new combina- tion becomes Balanocarpus multiflorus (Burck) Symington. Vol. VI1. (1933). 156 : C. F. SYMINGTON. INDEX. Names of species especially dealt with in this paper are shown in i heavy type and synonyms are printed in italics. . PAGE =: Balandcarpius acuminatus, Brandis:...;.. <> .-ss- «sss oe 153 Balanocarpus Hemsleyanus, King............c0eeeeceees 129 ao: Balanocarpus latifolius, Brandis..............++eeeeece- 153 * Balanocarpus multiflorus (Burck) Symington............ 153,, Play 7 Balanocarpus ovatlifolius, Ridl.:.. 3... sts oh « eae eee 146-¢ 3 Balanocarnus penangionus, King ..<../.s82. ee eee 153 : Catylelobium. hopeitfolium, Heim. .... e465 eee nee eee 150 F Dilleriaceum nervosa, Wall... ....0. ss ceive sepa cae eee ee .144 . Doona. multifiora,. Burceks.:... > 2. oss 1s See eee 153 ¥ Hopea albescens, Ridl.. .......... 2 2 150 >: Hopea fagifolia, Miq.. <.. 0.0%... 0). een) ee 154 é. Hopea grisea, Brandis. :. 3." .. osee44 4 see ee 143 = Hopea Heimiana, Brandis... .... 2a8ee widte-s | RRE 150 : Hopea multiflora, Brandis...... ‘oe S.o.0 bie wee a ee 153 3 Hopea plagata, Vidal... <2) pls wwe l.s Sak aise ee 154 Pachychlamys . Beccarianus, Dyer. soos Siena ee 141 Pachychlamys Hemsleyanus,: Ridls. ic. 2 Saat «eee 129 Richetia: acuminata, Deis: 6.3. <6 wae eee ee ee 153 Richetia. latifolia, Heim... \....-,% i). an een Sa eee 153 Richetia oblongifolia, Heim... <1 \ga0ereesdol deena 153 Richetia penangiana, Heim. ...: 4a le vied na ee 1538 Shorea alba, Bidl.. 2.0000. ©... 5 CR ee 146 Shorea .aptera; Burcks. ....05 ¢ 60s sek pebteiee ee eee 136, 141 Shorea barbata, Brandis. «. . si si kee s Ue er ae 146 Shorea brachyptera, Heim.» .. .acce soe oo aan eee 141 Shorea: ciliata, -BidLiit ices .. «6 OER ee eee 146 Shorea cochinchinensis, var oligoneura, Boerl............ 134 Shorea dryobalancides, Dyer...3 ..o sas Fie 5 ee 146 Shorea lepidota (Korth.) Bl.......... 00s isne =) 135, Pl. 38 Shorea lepidota,, Poxw.... ies. os ss se 5 coun aes et 141 Shorea. leprosila,; Boerl..... 00005. 6.0% on see 133 Shorea leprosuula, Migs 05.3) «as o's case ols wae 138, 145 Shorea macrantha, Brandis... :.3 066 Vv. 96. D. a Malayan Ebenaceae. 177 excepta utrinque glabra, supra nitida; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-9, cum venis obscuris utrinque prominulis; petiolo tereti, tomentoso, 0.15—0.3 em longo. Flores 5-7-ni, in racemis dis- positi. Aff. D. apiculatae HIERN.—Perak (CURTIS 3463). Minahasae BAKH., spec. nov.—Arbor; ramulis primo tomentosis, denique glabratis. Folia tenuiter coriacea, oblonga, 5—25 cm longa, 2.5—10 cm lata, basi cuneata vel obtusa, apice breviter obtuse acuminata, subtus primo tomentosa, denique glabrescentia, dense pellucido-punctata; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-12, statu sicco supra tenuibus, impressis, venis obscuris, utrinque prominulis; petiolo subtereti, tomentoso, 0.4—1.5 em longo. Flores cymosi, dioici vel polygami, 4-meri; calice lobato, extus pubescente, intus glabro; corolla hypocrateriforme, extus pubes- cente, intus glabra;—masculi staminibus 16, inaequalibus, glabris;—feminei, calicis lobis late ovatis, acutis, striatis, 0.5—0.7 em longis, 0.7—1 cm latis; ovario glabro, 8-loculare, loculis uniovu- latis. Fructus subsessilis, subglobosus, 2—2.5 cm diam.; seminibus albumine aequabile.—Celebes (KOORDERS 167536, 167666 et 16770/). . mindanaénsis MERR. . minutiflora BAKH., spec. nov.—Arbor mediocris; ramulis virgatis, puberulis. Folia tenuiter coriacea, elliptico-oblonga, 2.5—11 em ‘longa, 1—4.5 cm lata, basi obtuse cuneata, apice breviter acuminata, subtus pilosa vel glabrescentia; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 5-7, supra cum venis_ inconspicuis; petiolo tereti, puberulo, 0.15—0.5 em longo. Flores dioici, 4-meri;—feminei breviter pedunculati; calice 4-fido, extus pubescente, intus glabro; lobis sub- reniformibus, contortis, ciliatis, 0.25—0.3 cm diam.; corolla ovoidea, utrinque glabra. Aff. D. lateralis HIERN. et D. oliganthae MERR.—Sumatra (BEGUIN 265). montana ROXB. muricata BAKH., spec. nov.—Ramuli sparse pilosi. Folia coriacea, elliptico-oblonga, 10—-25 cm longa, 3.5—8 cm lata, basi leviter cordata, apice acumi- nata, costa excepta utrinque glabra; nervis late- ralibus utrinsecus 10-15, supra tenuibus, cum venis obscuris utrinque prominulis; petiolo tereti, sparse Vol. VII. (19383). 178 103. ‘D. 104. “D. . myrmecocalyx (HIERN) BAKH., comb. nov.—Maba . hana BAKH., spec. nov.—Frutex; ramulis tomen- R. C. BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK. hispido, 0.8—1.25 cm longo. Flores dioici;- — feminei fasciculati, subsessiles; calice 4-5-fido, — extus piloso, intus glabro, lobis ovato-oblongis, acuminatis, 0.25—0.35 cm longis, 0.15—0.2 cm ~— latis; ovario rufo-hispido, 4-5-loculare, loculis uniovulatis. Fructus ovoideo-globosus, muricato- mamillatus, tomentosus et pilis longis hispidis, 2—2.5 cm diam.; seminibus albumine aequabile; calice non vix accrescente. Aff. D. ferocis BAKH.— Borneo (JAHERI 644; HAVILAND 3483). myrmecocalyx HIERN. tosis, glabrescentibus. Folia tenuiter coriacea, oblonga, 12—22 cm longa, 4.5—8 cm lata, basi sub- rotundata, apice longiter acuminata, costa excepta utrinque glabra; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-10, supra impressis, venis inconspicuis; petiolo sub- tereti, tomentello vel glabrescente, 0.7—1 cm longo. Fructus solitarius, breviter pedunculatus, ovoideo-oblongus, acuminatus, appresse pilosus, 3—3.5 em longus, 1.5—2 cm diam.; seminibus 4, albumine aequabile; calice parvo, 4-fido, 0.7—0.8 ecm diametro, lobis suborbicularibus, ciliatis, extus — pilosis, intus glabris, 0.3—0.4 ecm diametro. Aff. D. ellipoideae K. et G.—Perak (WRAY 3214). nemorosa BAKH., spec. nov.—Arbor, ramulis rufo- velutinis. Folia coriacea, elliptico-oblonga, 15—25 > em longa, 7—9 ecm lata, basi rotundata, apice breviter obtuse acuminata, primo utrinque velu- tina, denique costa excepta supra glabra, nitida, subtus glabrescentia; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-12, supra impressis, venis utrinque inconspicuis; petiolo subtereti, velutino, 1—1.5 cm _ longo. Fructus globosus, rufo-velutinus, (immaturo) 2.5—3 cm diam.; seminibus 8, albumine aequabile; calice profunde 4-lobato, crasso, utrinque rufo- — velutino; lobis ovatis obtusis, 0.5—0.7 cm diam. Aff. D. pauciflorae K. et G.—Borneo (Boschpr. bb. 1603). neurosepala BAKH., spec. nov.—Ramuli tomentosi, glabrescentes. Folia coriacea, oblongo-elliptica, — 15—30 cm longa, 6—8 ecm lata, basi subrotundata, apice abrupte breviter obtuse acuminata, vetus- | tiora utrinque glaberrima; nervis lateralibus © utrinsecus 5-10, supra sulcatis, subtus prominen- — tibus, venis obscuris, supra impressis; petiolo — es Gardens Bulletin, S.S._ me _, ° a’ « 7 105. D. 106. D. 107. ’D. Malayan Ebenaceae. 179 subtereti, rugoso, glabro, 1.5—2 cm longo. Fruc- tus solitarius, longiter (+ 4 cm) pedunculatus, globosus, rufo-tomentosus, maturitate glabrescens, 2.5—3 em diam.; calice valde accrescente, profunde 4-lobato, utrinque tomentoso, lobis foliaceis, late ovatis, chartaceis, palminerviis et laxe venosis, + 3—3.5 em diam. Aff. D. latisepalae RIDL.—Borneo (BECCARI 541). nigra (J. F. GMEL.) PERROTT. nitida MERR. novoguineénsis BAKH., spec. nov.—Frutex; ramulis glabrescentibus. Folia tenuiter coriacea, lanceo- lato-oblonga, 12—30 cm longa, 2—7.5 cm lata, basi obtuse cuneata, apice acuminata, utrinque glabra; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-9, basalibus suboppositis, venis utrinque prominulis; petiolo semitereti, glabro, 0.5—1 cm longo. Flores dioici, sessiles;- masculi fasciculati; calice cupuliforme, leviter 4-dentato, intus glabro; corolla hypocrateri- forme, extus pubescente, intus glabra; staminibus 8-10, dorso pubescentibus ;- feminei solitarii; calice majore, profunde 4-lobato, utringque pubescente, lobis oblongis, foliaceis, striatis, reflexis, 0.3—0.35 cm longis, 0.2—0.25 cm latis; staminodiis 8, glabris; ovario ovoideo, pubescente, 8-loculare, loculis uniovulatis. Fructus globosus, sericeus vel maturitate glabrescens, 2—2.5 cm diam.; semi- nibus albumine aequabile-—Nova Guinea (DOCTERS VAN LEEUWEN 9196; LAM 698). . nutans KING et GAMBLE. . oblonga WALL. ex G. DON. . oligantha MERR. pahangensis BAKH., spec. nov.—Arbuscula; ramulis hispidis, deinde glabris. Folia chartacea, elliptico- oblonga, 6—12 cm longa, 1.5—2.75 cm lata, basi subrotundata, apice acuminata, subtus_piloso- hispida, dense pellucido-punctata; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 10-15, supra impressis, venis supra obscuris; petiolo tereti, rufo-hispido, 0.2—0.4 cm longo. Fructus solitarius, subsessilis, ovoideo- globosus, appresse pilosus, 4-loculare, 4-spermus, 1.5—2 em diam.; seminibus albumine aequabile; calice 4-5-fido, extus appresse piloso, intus glabro; Vol. VII. (1933). 180 R. C. BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK. lobis oblongo-lanceolatis, obtusis, ciliatis, 0.4—0.5 cm longis, 0.2—0.25 cm latis. Aff. D. apiculatae HIERN.—Pahang (HENDERSON 22296). 112. D. palembanica BAKH., spec. nov.—Arbor mediocris; ramulis rufo-tomentosis glabrescentibus. Folia coriacea, oblonga vel oblanceolata, 9—30 em longa, 3—10 cm lata, basi subcuneata, apice breviter acuminata, subtus primo rufo-tomentosa, denique glabrescentia; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-12, supra impressis, venis supra inconspicuis; petiolo subtereti, tomentoso, 0.7—1.5 ecm longo. Fructus solitarius, sessilis, late ovoideus vel depresso- globosus, rugosus, primo tomentosus, maturitate glabratus, 8-10-locularis, 6-8-spermus, 4—5.5 cm longus, 5—7.5 em diam.; seminibus albumine aequabile; calice crasso, subquadrato 4-lobo, utrin- que rufo-tomentoso, 3—3.5 cm diam.; lobis late ovatis. Aff. D. pauciflorae K. et G.—Sumatra, Palembang (DUMAS 1560). 113. D. papuana VAL. nom. nud.—Arbor mediocris, ramulis glabrescentibus. Folia tenuiter coriacea, lanceo- lato-elliptica, 15—40 cm longa, 4—14 ecm lata, basi obtusa, apice breviter obtuse acuminata, utrinque glabra; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 12-17, supra impressis, venis reticulatis densis, utrinque promi- nulis; petiolo semitereti, glabro, 0.7—1.5 cm longo. Flores dioici, 4-5-meri;—masculi cymosi; calice profunde lobato, intus glabro; corolla tubulosa, extus dense pubescente, intus glabro; staminibus 12-18, pubescentibus ;—feminei solitarii vel terni; calice campanulato; staminodiis 8-13, puberulis; ovario ovoideo, sericeo. Fructus depresso-globosus, maturitate glaber, 7—10 cm diam.; seminibus albumine aequabile; calice incrassato, leviter 4-5- lobato, utrinque glabrescente, 2—3 cm diam.— Moluccae, Nova Guinea. 114. D. Paraoesi BAKH., spec. nov.—Arbor mediocris; ramulis pilis biformibus pubescentibus, glabres- centibus. Folia chartacea, ovato-oblonga, 3—9 cm longa, 1.5—4 em lata, basi obtuse cuneata, apice breviter acuminata, mox costa excepta utrinque glabra; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 5-7, basalibus suboppositis, ceteris longioribus, cum venis venis inconspicuis utrinque prominulis; petiolo semi- tereti, puberulo, 0.3—0.5 cm longo. Aff. D. Jaherwi BAKH.—Borneo (Boschpr. bb. 10162, nom. Daj.: Paraoesi). Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Be Sek ells PNA ASM eM SAIN IIA 115. D 16, D 117. D 118. D 119.“ D. 2420. D. 121. _D. 122. D. 123. D 124, 125. Vp. Malayan E'benaceae. 181 . pauciflora KING et GAMBLE. . Peekelii LAUTERB. . penangiana KING et GAMBLE. . pendula HASSELT ex HASSK. perakensis BAKH., spec. nov.—Folia _ coriacea, lanceolato-oblonga, 12—25 cm longa, 3.5—10 cm lata, basi cuneata, apice acuminata, utrinque gla- berrima, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 9-12, cum venis utrinque prominulis distinctis; petiolo semi- tereti, glabro, 1.5—2.5 cm longo. Fructus breviter pedunculatus, ovoideo-globosus, primo tomentosus, maturitate glabratus, tuberculatus, 3.5—4 cm diam.; calice late campanulato, utrinque glabro, 2.5—3.5 cm diam., tubo incrassato, lobis margini- bus dilatatis, inter lobos saccatim confluentibus. Aff. D. rigidae HIERN et D. areolatae K. et G.— Perak (WRAY 501). perfida BAKH., spec. nov.—Arbor mediocris. Folia chartacea, oblonga, 7.5—25 cm longa, 2.5—8.5 cm lata, basi obtusa, apice acuminata, vetustiora utrinque glabra, dense pellucido-punctata; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-12, supra leviter promi- nulis; petiolo semitereti, glabrescente, 0.5—1.5 cm longo. Flores dioici, 4-meri, cymosi, calice intus sericeo, lobis suborbicularibus, ciliatis, 0.2—0.3 cm diam.; corolla ovoideo-oblonga, utrinque gla- berrima;—feminei staminodiis 8, glabris; ovario ovoideo, sericeo, 8-loculare, loculis uniovulatis. Fructus depresso-globosus, maturitate glabrescens, nitidus, 3—-3.5 cm diam.; seminibus albumine ruminato; calice sublignoso, 3—3.5 em diam.— Borneo (Boschw. 2327, ?; ENDERT 2705, 3; Beschpr. bb: 13221," 2°): philippinensis A. DC. pilosanthera BLANCO. . piscicapa RIDL. D. plectosepala HIERN. poiénsis BAKH., spec. nov.—Arbuscula; ramulis pilosis, mox glabris. Folia tenuiter coriacea, ob- longa, 5—12 cm longa, 2—5 cm lata, basi cuneata, apice subcaudato-acuminata, costa excepta utrin- que glabra, dense pellucido-punctata; nervis late- ralibus utrinsecus 5-7, basalibus longioribus, cum Vol. VII. (1933). 182 126. 127. 128. 129. rm ag R. C. BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK. venis supra inconspicuis, leviter impressis; petiolo subtereti, rufo-hispido, mox glabro, 0.83—0.5 cm longo. Flores dioici ;—feminei solitarii, subsessiles ; calice 4-fido, extus puberulo, intus glabro, lobis ovato-ellipticis, ciliatis, contortis, 0.4—0.5 cm longis, 0.3—0.4 cm latis; corolla hypocrateriforme, medio 4-loba, extus puberula, intus glabra; stami- nodlis 4; ovario ovoideo, sericeo, 4-loculare, loculis uniovulatis. Fructus ellipsoideus, maturitate gla- brescens, 2—3 cm longus, 1—1.25 cm diam.; seminibus albumine aequabile; calice non vel vix aucto, + 1cm diam. Aff. D. singaporensis BAKH. —Borneo, Mount Poi (J. et M. S. CLEMENS 20304). . polyalthioides KORTH. ex HIERN. . Poncei MERR. . pseudo-malabarica BAKH., spec. nov.—Arbuscula; ramulis tomentellis, denique glabrescentibus. Folia coriacea, lanceolato-oblonga, 7—17 cm longa, 2.5—6 cm lata, basi obtusa vel rotundata, apice obtuse acuminata, costa excepta utrinque glabra; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-15, cum venis densis utrinque distincte prominulis; petiolo semitereti, tomentello, 1—1.25 cm longo. Fructus solitarius, brevissime pedunculatus, globosus, primo tomen- tellus, maturitate glabratus, nitidus, 3.5—5 cm diam.; 8-10-locularis, loculis monospermis; semi- nibus valde ruminato; calice profunde 4-5-lobato, intus tomentoso, lobis ovatis obtusis, coriaceis, reflexis, 1—1.5 cm diam. Aff. D. malabaricae (DESR.) KOSTEL.—Pulau Penang (HANIFF et MD. NUR 3496); Pahang (FOSTON 12865). . pubicalix BAKH., spec. nov.—Folia membranacea, elliptico-oblonga, 6—10 cm longa, 2—4 cm lata, basi rotundata vel subcordata, apice obtusa vel obtuse acuminata, nitida, subtus sparse puberula, glabrescentia; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-8, basalibus ceteris longioribus suboppositis, cum venis subdensis utrinque prominulis; petiolo tereti, puberulo, 0.5—0.75 cm longo. Flores dioici, 4- meri ;—masculi breviter cymosi, terni; calice medio lobato, utrinque appresse piloso; corolla hypocra- teriforme, medio lobata, utrinque pubescente; staminibus 15, inaequalibus, filamentis subpuberu- lis, antheris lanceolatis, glabris. Aff. D. Wrayi K. et G.—Lower Siam (HAMID C. F. 3827). Gardens Bulletin, ‘8.83 Fate ag 6 al se Ne: Malayan E'benaceae. 183 130. D. pubicarpa RIDL. 131. Dp. pulchra BAKH., spec. nov.—Arbuscula vel frutex; ramulis tomentosis. Folia chartacea, oblongo- lanceolata, 15—35 cm longa, 4—15 cm lata, basi angustata, rotundata vel leviter cordata, apice acuminata, subtus sparse pilosa, dense pellucido- punctata, penninervia; costa leviter prominula; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 15-17, cum venis utringue prominulis; petiolo tereti, tomentoso, 0.5—0.7 em longo. Fructus solitarius, subsessilis, oblongus vel obovoideus, acuminatis, rufo-pilosus, maturitate glabrescens, 4-locularis, 4-spermus, 3.5—6 cm longus, 2.5—3 cm diam.; seminibus albumine aequabile; calice conspicuo, 4-fido, utrin- que pubescente, lobis foliaceis, lanceolato-oblongis, basi contractis, apice longiter acute acuminatis, plicatis, nervosis 3.5—8.5 cm longis, 2.5—4 cm latis—Nova Guinea (MAYR 408). 132. D. pyrrhocarpa MIQ. 153. Vp. retrofracta BAKH., spec. nov.—Arbuscula; ramulis glabris. Folia coriacea, oblonga, basi cuneata, apice obtuse acuminata, subtus sparse pilosa gla- brescentia; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 10-15, cum venis densis utrinque prominulis; petiolo semitereti, primo piloso, denique glabrescente, 0.5—1.2 cm longo. Flores dioici, 4-meri;—feminei solitarii, subsessiles; calice utrinque rufo-piloso, 0.5 em diametro; ovario sericeo, 8-loculare, loculis uniovulatis. Fructus depresso-globosus, maturi- tate glabrescens, 2.5—3 em diam.; seminibus albumine ruminato; calice tubo lignoso, lobis reflexis—Lower Siam (MD. HANIFF et MD. NUR 3984) ; Perlis (HENDERSON 23013). 134. Vp. Ridleyi BAKH., spec. nov.—Folia coriacea, elliptico- oblonga, 9—20 cm longa, 3—8 cm lata, basi obtusa, apice acuminata, utrinque glabra; nervis laterali- bus utrinsecus 6-10, cum venis utrinque prominulis distinctis ; petiolo semitereti, glabro, 1—2 cm longo. Fructus sessilis, ovoideo-globosus, nitidus, glaber, 5—8 cm diam.; 8-10-locularis, loculis monospermis ; seminibus albumine ruminato; calice lignoso, 4-5- gono, extus tomentoso, intus sericeo, 3—3.5 cm diam. Aff. D. Whitfordii MERR.—Johore (RIDLEY). 135. D. rigida HIERN. Vol. VII. (1988). 184 136. 139. 142. Yb, J 148. D. . rufa KING et GAMBLE. 13421 -D: 138. ye D . sarawakana BAKH., spec. nov.—Folia chartacea, . Scortechinii KING et GAMBLE. . selangorensis BAKH., spec. nov.—Ramuli tomentosi. R. C. BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK. Rumphii BAKH., nom. nov.—Diospyros utilis KDS. et VAL. samoeénsis A. GRAY. oblonga, 7—17 cm longa, 3.5—7 cm lata, basi cuneata, apice breviter acuminata, utrinque glabra, basi biglandulosa; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 5-8, supra indistinctis; petiolo semitereti, glabres- cente, 1—1.5 em longo. Flores dioici, 4-meri;— masculi cymosi vel subracemosi; calice profunde lobato, utrinque tomentoso; corolla tubulosa, extus tomentosa, intus glabra; staminibus 14-16, pubes- centibus. "Aff. D. styraciformis K. et G.— Sarawak (HAVILAND 2316). Folia coriacea, ovato-oblonga, 5—10 cm longa, 1.5—3.5 cm lata, basi subrotundata, apice acumi- nata, supra nitida, subtus sparse pubescentia; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-10, supra impressis. venis inconspicuis; petiolo tereti, pubescente, 0.8— 0.5 em longo. Fructus solitaribus, subsessilis, ovoideus, rufo-pilosus, maturitate glabrescens, 2— 2.5 em diam.; seminibus 4, albumine aequabile; calice 4-fido, utrinque pubescente; lobis lineari- oblongis, acutis, ciliatis, 0.75—1 cm longis, 0.2 cm latis. Aff. D. apiculatae HIERN.—Selangor (BUR- KILL et HOLTTUM 8883). setosa BAKH., spec. nov.—Arbuscula; ramulis mox glabris. Folia tenuiter coriacea, oblonga, 7—15 ecm longa, 2.5—4.5 cm lata, basi obtusa, apice acuminata, utrinque glabra; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 5-7, cum venis supra obscuris; petiolo semitereti, mox glabro, 0.5—1.25 em longo. Fruc- tus subsessilis, ovoideus, pubescens, 1.25—1.5 cm diam. ; tomento cum setis appressis intermixto; calice 4- fido, extus piloso, intus glabro, 0.3—0.35 cm diam., lobis late ovatis obtusis reflexis. Aff. — dD, fais BAKH.—Sarawak (HAVILAND — 2324). Siamang BAKH., spec. nov.—Arbor speciosa. Folia — coriacea, elliptico-oblonga, 7—17 cm longa, 8.5 cm lata, basi subrotundata, apice acuta vel obtusa, | subtus glabrescentia; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus — Gardens Bulletin, 8. sj hb, -_ aad ‘% a] ro Te A a eT Ye Sa 4 yb Gar 408 w x a fe > 7 ce y » Oy +; “* “2, ~~? My ros ¢ 4 a - 144. D. 145.. VD. 146. D. J 147. D. Malayan Ebenaceae. 185 7-15, supra tenuibus, venis inconspicuis; petiolo semitereti, tomentello, 0.75—1.25 cm longo. Flores dioici, 4-5-meri;—feminei cymosi, 3-5-ni; calice profunde lobato, utrinque tomentoso, lobis ovatis; corolla tubulosa, extus tomentosa, intus glabra; staminodiis 8- 10, antheris dorso pubescentibus : ovario subgloboso, sericeo, 8-10-loculare, loculis uniovulatis. Fructus subsessilis, depresso-globo- sus, apice concavus subtruncatus, sericeus, 3—4 cm diam.; seminibus albumine aequabile; calice tubo incrassato, lobis marginibus dilatatis, inter lobos saccatim confluentibus. Aff. D. Wallichii K. et G.—Sumatra (Boschpr. F. 198). siamensis HOCHR. simaloerensis BAKH., spec. nov.—Arbor mediocris; ramulis glabrescentibus. Folia tenuiter coriacea, oblonga, 4—15 cm longa, 1.5—4 cm lata, basi obtuse cuneata, apice acuminata, costa excepta utrinque glabra; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 5-10, venis inconspicuis; petiolo semitereti, glabrescente, 0.2—0.5 cm longo. Flores dioici, 4-meri;—feminei gracile pedunculati; calice 4-fido, intus glabro; lobis orbicularibus, imbricatis, ciliatis, 0.2—0.3 cm diam.; ovario ovoideo, glabro, 4-loculare, loculis uniovulatis. Fructus ovoideus 2—2.5 cm diam.; seminibus albumine aequabile; calice non vel vix accrescente, 0.5 em diam.—Sumatra, Simaloer (ACHMAD 580, 1843 et 1391). singaporensis BAKH., spec. nov.—Folia tenuiter coriacea, ovato-oblonga, 6—10 cm longa, 2.5—4 cm lata, basi obtuse cuneata, apice acuminata, costa excepta utrinque glabra, nervis lateralibus utrin- secus 5-10 cum venis utrinque obscure prominulis; petiolo semitereti, glabrescente, 0.5—1 em longo. Flores dioici, 4-meri;—feminei solitarii, pedun- culati, calice 4-fido, extus pubescente, intus glabro; lobis suborbicularibus, ciliatis, 0.2—0.3 cm diam. ; corolla tubulosa, extus sericea, intus glabra; stami- nodiis 4, pubescentibus; ovario ovoideo, subglabro, 4-loculare, loculis uniovulatis.—Singapore (Cult. Bot. Gard.). sogeriensis BAKH., spec. nov.—Folia tenuiter coria- cea, lineari elliptica, 7—20 cm longa, 1.5—6 cm lata, basi obtusa, apice breviter acuminata, supra glabra, subtus primo sericea, denique glabres- centia; nervis lateralibus densis, cum venis utrin- que inconspicuis; petiolo semitereti, glabrescente, Vol. VII. (1933). 186 7 148. D. 149. D 150. D 151. D 152. D 153.“ D 1 Dp R. C. BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK. 0.5—0.7 em longo. Fructus globosus, maturitate © glaber, 4—4.5 ecm diam.; seminibus 8, albumine aequabile. Aff. D. celebicae BAKH.—Nova Guinea (FORBES 276). soporifera BAKH., spec. nov.—Arbor mediocris. Folia coriacea, elliptico-oblonga, 30—45 cm longa, 7.5—12.5 em lata, basi obtusa vel rotundata, apice obtusiuscule acuminata,, utrinque glabra; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 15-20, utrinque conspicuis, supra plano-depressis; venis reticulatis laxis, utrin- que prominulis; petiolo semitereti, glabro, 1.25— 2.5 cm longo. Fructus solitarius vel binus, sub- magnus, ovoideo-globosus, apice depressus, con- cavus, nitidus, glaber, immaturus 4—5 cm longus, 5—5.5 em diam., 8-locularis, loculis monospermis; pedunculo 3.5—4.5 em longo; calice fructifero conspicuo, reflexo, 4-lobo, utrinque glaberrimo, tubo valde incrassato, lignoso, cubiforme, 3.5—5 cm diam., 1—2 cm crasso, lobis crasse coriaceis, basi confluentibus, inter lobos subsaccatis, 1—1.5 em longis, 2.5—3 cm latis; seminibus elliptico- oblongis, compressis. Aff. D. mindanaénsis MERR. —Borneo (BOSCHPR. bb. 17221, 92). . styraciformis KING et GAMBLE. . subrhomboidea KING et GAMBLE. . subtruncata SCHEFF. ex HOCHR. . sumatrana MIQ. y . sundaica BAKH., nom. nov.—D. pseudo-Ebenum KDs. et VAL. . Toposia HAM. . toposioides KING et GAMBLE. transitoria BAKH., spec. nov.—Arbuscula; ramulis glabrescentibus. Folia firmiter coriacea, ovato- oblonga, 4.5—12 cm longa, 1.5—4.5 em lata, basi obtusa, apice breviter obtuse acuminata, utrinque glabrescentia; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-10, cum venis densis supra inconspicuis; petiolo semi- tereti, glabrescente, 0.5—1.5 em longo. Flores dioici;—feminei_ solitarii, longiter pedunculati; | calice profunde 4-5-lobato, intus pubescente, lobis ovatis, acutis, subplicatis; ovario sericeo, 8-10- loculare, loculis uniovulatis. Fructus depresso- globosus, subsericeus, maturitate glabrescens, Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 157. D 158. Dz 159. ‘D 163. D. Malayan Ebenaceae. 187 2.5—3 cm diam.; seminibus albumine ruminato; calice accrescente, tubo incrassato, 4-5-angulato; lobis marginibus dilatatis, coriaceis, inter lobos saccatim confluentibus, 1.5—2 em diametro.— Lower Siam (HANIFF et MD. NUR. 4060); Kedah (CURTIS 2626). . tristis KING et GAMBLE. truncata ZOLL. et Mor. . tuberculata BAKH., spec. nov.—Arbor mediocris; ramulis glabrescentibus, vetustioribus dense verri- culoso-lenticellatis. Folia tenuiter coriacea, ob- longa, 5—20 cm longa, 2.5—7.5 cm lata, basi cuneata, apice anguste obtuse acuminata, utrinque subglabra; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 5-8, supra tenuiter impressis, venis supra obscuris; petiolo semitereti, glabrescente, 0.7—2 cm longo. Fructus pedunculatus, ovoideus, glabrescens, 2.5—3 cm diam.; seminibus 1-4, albumine aequabile; calice profunde 4-lobato, intus sericeo, 2—3 cm diametro, lobis ovatis, marginibus dilatatis, coriaceis.— Borneo (AMDJAH 498; CASTRO et MELEGRITO 1409). Ulo MERR. . undulata WALL. ex G. DON. -venenosa BAKH., spec. nov.—Arbor mediocris; ramulis glabris. Folia tenuiter coriacea, oblongo- lanceolata, 10—30 cm longa, 3—7 cm lata, basi obtuse cuneata, apice acuminata, utrinque glabra; nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 10—15, supra tenuiter prominulis petiolo semitereti, glabro, 1—1.5 cm longo. Fructus solitarius. brevissime peduncu- latus, depresso-globosus, pallide sericeus, 8-locu- laris, 2—3 cm diam.; seminibus 4—8, albumine aequabile; calice plano, 4-5-angulato, utrinque sericeo, 1—2 cm diam., lobis late triangularibus obtusis. Aff. D. Greshoffianae KpDs.—Celebes (TEYSMANN 12603, 12668). vestita BAKH., spec. nov.—Arbuscula; ramulis rufo- velutinis. Folia chartacea, elliptico-oblonga, 7—22 cm longa, 2.5—8 cm lata, basi subrotundata, apice breviter obtuse acuminata, subtus rufo-subvelutina, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-15, supra obscuris, impressis, venis inconspicuis; petiolo tereti, velu- tino, 0.56—0.7 cm longo. Fructus solitarius, sub- sessilis, ellipsoideus, rufo-hispidus glabrescens, Vol. VII. (1933). 188 164. D. 165. 166. ‘p R. C. BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK. 4-locularis, 1-4-spermus, immaturus 1.5—2 cm ~ diam.; seminibus albumine aequabile; calice 4-_ lobato, utrinque velutino, 2—2.5 cm diam., tubo ~ incrassato, lobis ovatis, marginibus dilatatis, inter — lobos confluentibus. Aff. D. sumatranae MIQ.— Pahang (HENDERSON 22290). — Wallichii KING et GAMBLE ex KING. Wrayi KING et GAMBLE. Yeobi BAKH., spec. nov.—Folia subdensa, sub- coriacea, oblongo-elliptica, 4—9 cm longa, 2—4 cm lata, basi cuneata vel obtusa, apice breviter acuminata, utrinque glabra, nervis venisque utrin- que inconspicuis; petiolo semitereti, glabrescente, 0.7—1.25 cm longo. Fructus solitarius, sessilis, globosus, rufo-tomentosus, maturitate glabrescens, 8-10-locularis, 8-10-spermus, 2—-3 em diam.; semi- nibus albumine aequabile; calice plano, 4-angulato, utrinqgue tomentoso, 1—1.5 cm diam., lobis late ovatis obtusis, marginibus confluentibus. Aff. D. rufae KING et GAMBLE.—Pahang (YEOB 3229). ‘ i. x al Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Malayan Ebenaceae. — — 189 EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE XLVIII. Diospyros Holttumii, BAKH. (type HOLTTUM 15122)— A. Fruiting branch (x %)—B. Leaf base, seen from above and from below (nat. size)—-C. Flower buds, the left one with the calyx lobes removed (x 3)—D. Fruit (x 1%)— E. Fruiting calyx, outside and inside view (x 1%)—F. Calyx lobe from the outside (x 4). PLATE XLIX. Diospyros elegantissima, BAKH. (type RIDLEY 16349)— A. Flowering branch (x %)—B. Leaf branch (x 2)—C. Leaf base seen from above and from below (x 4)—D. Leaf bud (x 5)—E-L. Flower with details; E. Flower bud (x 4); F. Calyx, seen from the inner side (x 5); G. Calyx lobes, seen from the inner and outer sides (x 10); H. Corolla bud, slit lengthwise, seen from the inner side (x 5); I. Staminode (x 15); K. Ovary (x 10); L. Ovary in transverse section Certs}. PLATE L. Diospyros insidiosa, BAKH. (type HENDERSON 21730)— A. Leaf branch (x %)—B. Bark (x %)—C. Leaf base, seen from lower and upper sides (nat. size)—D. Flowering branches (flowers fallen) (x %)—E. Fruiting branch (x %)— F. Fruiting calyx from outer and inner sides (x 1%)— G. Fruit cut lengthwise (x %)—H. Half of fruit in trans- verse section (x %)—I. Seeds (x %)—K. and L. Seeds in transverse section (nat. size). Vol. VII. (1933). z be TST) grb Plate 48. rae 2 ss iow ba onl LAI S ALLS ry ay Ly e JX oot Cr a ee “a Gard. Bull. $8. Fol. VII. i yy ‘ea S \ 4 J im, Plate SO. Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII. Pe % Christensen and~ Ittum, with 5162, and 3 text er ee jardens, Singapore | it ae INGAPORE, : “ «) Rive i ) ESE 7 Dae ARYAN Pog M ed \ TARWBREDL 7° a) / 1 a hy * May a ee” eT eee THE GARDENS’ BULLETIN SIRES sis aaragaati th Vol. VIL : ‘Ist June, 1934 ie . Part 3 THE FERNS OF MOUNT KINABALU. By Carl Christensen and R. E. Holttum. INTRODUCTION (24.E.4.). The present paper contains an account of all ferns known to have been collected on Mount Kinabalu, with the exception of the latest Clemens collections. The occasion for its preparation is the recent collections made on the mountain by the present writer and by the Clemens expedition (still in the field) ; these include a large number of previously unrecorded species. At the time of my visit to Kinabalu, Dr. Carl Christensen had for some time past been intending to work out a critical review of all Bornean ferns, and had examined a large number of type specimens; he had also examined almost all previous Kinabalu collections. He was therefore the person best fitted to deal with the new material, and kindly consented to work over my collections, a complete set of which were sent to him. Subsequently I undertook to sort over the Clemens fern collections, which I named in comparison with my own material; the determination of the Clemens collections of the higher numbers (from 26000 upwards) is therefore due to me, with the exception of some critical specimens referred to Dr. Christensen. The publi- cation of an account of the Clemens collection, which adds a number of species to the total, is made possible by the consent of the Keeper of Botany at the British Museum (Natural History), and of Mr. Clemens, to whom I tender my best thanks. The greater part of the critical and descriptive section of this paper is due to Dr. Christensen. In some cases, with more ample material for examination, and my observations of the plants in the field, I have added critical notes myself, and four new species are described by me. All such cases bear my name or initials. Any field notes contained in the general list are also written by me, but are not initialled. 191 192 In this paper are also described a few ferns collected in other parts of British North Borneo (chiefly in the neighbourhood of Sandakan) by Mr. C. Boden Kloss in 1927. Specimens collected by me at Kudat, and also collections from Sarawak and elsewhere by Dr. E. Mjéberg and others, examined by Dr. Christensen, are in some cases also cited as examples of the species concerned and as records of distribution. The total number of species, from Kinabalu and its foothills, here enumerated is 417, the new collections accounting for about half of this figure. Of these, 30 are described as new species; in addition, Asplenium Klossti from Sandakan is described. The new species and new combinations are indicated in distinctive type in the index at the end of this paper. Earlier Collections and Literature. Former fern collections on Kinabalu were made by: . Sir Hugh Low 1851 and 1858 (Kew). F. W. Burbidge 1877 (Kew). Dr. C. D. Haviland 1892 (British Museum Natural History and partly Kew). 4. Miss Lilian S. Gibbs 1909 (as the former, mostly 5 Whe very scanty specimens). . Mrs. Mary S. Clemens and Mr. Le Roy Topping, October—November 1915 (Herbarium of the Bureau of Science, Manila, Herb. Copeland and duplicates in various herbaria). 6. Some few specimens collected by Haslam 1916, Major C. M. Enriquez 1925 and C. Boden Kloss 1928. (Herb. Singapore). Most of these collections are dealt with in the following papers which are cited in the present paper by the abbreviations indicated in heavy type: 1. Baker 1879: J. G. Baker: Report on a collection of ferns made in the North of Borneo by Mr. F. W. Burbidge.—Journal of Botany 1879 p. 37. 2. Baker 1894: J. G. Baker: Filices in O. Stapf: On the flora of Mount Kinabalu.—Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II. 4: p. 240-254. Contains a list of the ferns collected by Haviland, determined by Baker, and also references to the specimens collected by Low and Burbidge. The whole list, compiled by Stapf, contains 45 species of ferns, being all those known at that time. 3. Gepp 1914: A. Gepp: Filices in Lilian S. Gibbs: A contribution to the flora and plant-formations ia of Mount Kinabalu and the highlands of Gardens Bulletin, S.S. : 193 British North Borneo.—Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 42 p. 195-206. This also gives a complete list of all ferns known from Kinabalu, the numver being now 79, which figure, however, includes some species not collected on the mountain itself. 4. Copeland 1917: New species and a new genus of Bornean ferns. Chiefly from the Kinabalu collections of Mrs. Clemens and Mr. Topping.—Philip- pine Journal of Science 12 C: p. 45-65. This paper contains descriptions of 34 new species. 5. Copeland Keys: Keys to the ferns of Borneo.—The | Sarawak Museum Journal 2: p. 286—424. 1917. The new species described in the former paper are here listed as nomina nuda and reference to the other species found by Mrs. Clemens and Topping are to be found but without citations of numbers; these are quoted in the present paper. In the present paper, items 3, 4 and 5 above, in which the nomenclature of the Index Filicum is used, are quoted only in cases where the name of the species has been changed. The two earlier papers, in which the now neaily forgotten nomenclature of Synopsis Filicum is used, are more frequently quoted. Frequent reference is made to the Index Filicum (1906), where all necessary synonyms and references to literature may be found for the species there listed; a very great many species have been described subsequently, and for these full references to literature are given, even if they are included in the two Supplements to the Index issued in 1913 and 1917. Topography. It is not necessary to quote here all references to previous accounts of the topography of Mount Kinabalu. Moulton gave a summary of all expeditions prior to 1914, with references to literature, in the Sarawak Museum Journal Vol. 2 pp. 138-176 (with map). Of these earlier expeditions that of Miss Gibbs is the most important botanically, and Miss Gibbs’s account is the most complete description of the general vegetation of the mountain. The Clemens and Topping expedition of 1916 added a considerable number of species to the known flora of the mountain, but no topographic account was published. No new ground was broken on this expedition. Mr. C. Boden Kloss, Director of Museums 8.8. and F.M.S., made an ascent in 1928, and published a note on the route, with sketch map and altitudes of stopping places (estimated by boiling-point thermometer). Messrs. F. N. Vol. VII. (1934). 194 Chasen and H. M. Pendlebury made a prolonged expedition to the mountain in 1930; Mr. Chasen gave a preliminary note on the collecting places, and the two authors subse- quently gave a general account of the expedition. The references to these recent accounts are as follows: C. Boden Kloss: Bull. Raffles Museum no. 5, pp. 1-2. F’. N.Chasen: Ibid. pp. .3—T: H. M. Pendlebury and F. N. Chasen: Journ. F.M.S. Museums XVII: pp. 1-38, pl. I-VIII. During my visit I followed on the whole the same routes as the previous travellers, as I had not much time for exploration. The present path via Dallas and Tenompok instead of Kiau and Lobang gives access to botanically rich areas not visited by previous botanical collectors. I landed at Usukan, and travelled by bridle path, stopping at Kota Belud, Kabayau (600 ft.) and Koung (1300 ft.), to Dallas, (3200 ft.), where I remained a few days exploring the valleys in that neighbourhood. I then proceeded to Tenompok (4700 ft.), where I left the bridle path and ascended to the summit by the usual route of Lumu-Lumu (5500 ft.), Kamborangah (7200 ft.) and Pakka (10200 ft.). On the downward journey I halted at Kam- borangah to descend obliquely into the Kadamman valley at a level of about 7000 ft. From Kamborangah I descended to Lobang (4000 ft.), where the old cave, which sheltered so many travellers, had recently been blocked by a landslide, and thence down the valley to Menetendok gorge (3000 ft.), where I halted to ascend the valley of a tributary (the Kinataki, a much smaller stream than the one of the same name which has its source in Marei Parei ridge). From Menetendok I went on to Kiau (on the opposite side of the valley from Dallas) and thence to the Maret Parei spur (camp at 5000 ft.) for a short visit. I then returned to Dallas, and finally down the valley again to Kota Belud and Jesselton. The period actually spent collecting on the mountain was from November 4th to 25th, 1931. The immediate occasion of my visit was an invitation from Mr. J. Clemens, whose long sojourn on the mountain was then just beginning, to go over to get into touch with his expedition. From Mr. and Mrs. Clemens I received much kind hospitality and help, which I gratefully acknow- ledge. I wish also to express my thanks to the Resident, East Coast (Mr. Maxwell Hall) and to the District Officer at Kota Belud (Mr. G. Robertson) for their generous assistance in connection with my travelling arrangements. Localities visited by the Clemens expedition and not mentioned above are as follows: Bungal: between Koung and Kalawat, altitude about 2500 ft. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. a | CORRIGENDA. The Ferns of Mount Kinabalu, Gardens’ Bulletin, S. S., Vol. VII, part 3, June 1934. p. 195, line 9, for “beyond Marei Parei, alt. 5000 ft.” read “in the Silau Basin, altitude about 6000 ft.” 195 Dachang: in the Silau basin at about 10000 ft. altitude. Kalawat: on the hills between Koung and Tuaran (end of the road from Jesselton), altitude about 2500 ft. Kundasan: on bridle path beyond Tenompok, altitude about 3500 ft. Masilau 1 & 2: localities in the Silau basin. — Menerintog: beyond Marei Parei, altitude about — 5000 ft. Silau basin: the valley system next beyond Tenompok pass. Field Notes on Kinabalu Ferns. The open country round Kota Belud, and the secondary forest on the foothills of Kinabalu, contain almost entirely ferns of wide distribution such as are found also in similar situations throughout the Malayan region. In the open country the common Gleichenia spp., Pteridium, Blechnum orientale, Stenochlaena palustris, Lygodium spp., Nephro- lepis biserrata and N. hirsutula, Cyathea latebrosa, Dipla- zium esculentum and Pityrogramma calomelanos were all frequent. On the steep banks by the bridle paths, even in the most exposed places, Blechnum orientale was parti- cularly abundant, and in the moister places formed a very dense growth. On dry rocky banks Pteris ensiformis and Adiantum caudatum were occasionally seen. On the shady banks near the streams Tectaria vasta was the commonest fern; Tectaria irregularis occurred in the most shady places. Dryopteris urophylla var. nitida was very abundant all along the bridle paths, especially in the shelter of thickets ; where it grew in more exposed places among grass its leaves were very yellow. Sphenomeris chinensis grew on the banks by the path in not too exposed situations all along from the low country up to at least 4000 ft. Asplenium nidus, Platycerium, Drynaria and_ other epiphytes were occasionally seen, but large trees of sufficient age and suitable bark to carry them were not very abundant. After passing Kabayau (17 miles from Kota Belud, 600 ft. above sea) the side valleys were much deeper, with steep banks and rocky stream beds, and contained remnants of almost primitive forest. I did not spend much time in this vicinity, but explored one stream for a short distance. On the rocky banks were Cyclopeltis Presliana and Poly- podium heterocarpum; a little higher above the stream were Cystodium sorbifolium, Tectaria malayensis, Tectaria trifolia, and Dryopteris megaphylla. Out in the open, in moist grassy places by the path, Diplazium asperum was very abundant, and Tectaria Leuzeana in more shady spots; Vol. VIT. (1934). : 196 where there was wet open ground by small streams Dryopteris unita was frequent, and Mesochlaena Toppingu occasional. Dryopteris contigua was occasional in drier grassy places. On rocky bank I found Asplenium squamu- latum and Cyclophorus varius. Beyond Koung the path climbs more steeply. From about 2000 ft. altitude and upwards Cyathea contaminans was abundant in the small valleys, often in fine tall groups; C. latebrosa also continued frequent. Almost all the country consisted either of clearings for planting rice, or old clearings grown up in various stages of secondary forest. This secondary forest, consisting of a rather small number of tree species, is felled and burnt in patches for rice cultivation. Pteridium survives the burning, and to some extent also Cibotium; they are the two most abundant ferns on the drier slopes in the secondary forest. The young leaves of Pteridium have to be weeded out of the rice fields. I saw one burnt patch which had not been planted with rice; against the black burnt ground the very numerous pale green young Pteridiwm leaves showed up strongly and constituted almost the only vegetation. Gleichenia seems to be quite killed by burning. The Cibotiwm is locally very abundant and the largest plants are enormous, the fronds 4 or 5 metres high, the stock short and decumbent. On the steep shaded valley sides, near the streams, at 2000- 3000 ft., Tectaria pleiosora is very abundant, its leaves rather thick and fleshy in texture, the pinne very broad. Unfortunately at the time of my visit hardly any fertile tvonds were to be seen. Diplazium vestitum v. borneense. Pteris excelsa, and Coniogramme macrophylla are also characteristic of similar situations at about this level. I visited the bottom of the valley immediately below Dallas, and there found a much richer riverside flora, comparable with that of the main Kadamaian stream above Menetendok, which I will describe later. The stream was almost completely overshadowed by trees up to 50 ft. high, among them a remarkable Meliacea with pinnate leaves 2m. long and pendulous inflorescences 3 m. long. On the moist rocks and on trees near the stream were Asplenium borneense, A. spathulinum, A. filiceps, Antrophyum calli- folium, Polypodium Emersoni, P. insigne, P. ithycarpum, Loxogramme ensifrons, L. involuta v. gigas, and a sterile Nephrolepis. Where there was a rather more open valley bottom, and wet black soil, there grew a most remarkable tall Pteris which Dr. Christensen has called P. Holttumii. This has a very stout wide-creeping rhizome a few centi- metres below the soil surface. The rather distant tall erect fronds are not unlike the leafy shoots of some members of Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 197 the Zingiberacese, and might easily be overlooked. I did not see it at any other place. The bridle path onwards from Dallas climbs slowly. Above it on the right rises the Dallas-Tenompok ridge, and in this ridge several small rocky valleys in primitive forest have an interesting and characteristic flora at about 3500 ft. Here I found some plants also abundant at Tenompok, but on the whole the floras of the two localities were distinct. Probably the most abundant ferns on wet rocks by the streams were Polypodium papillosum and Asplenium filipes; these grow only on constantly wet rocks, usually by small waterfalls. In more open places, the stream-bed rocks had plants of Dryopteris mirabilis, D. firmula, Campium subsimplex, Trichomanes maximum, Coniogramme fraxinea, and Lomagramma Brooksu. The — last-named species, like all of its genus which I have seen, starts life creeping over the stream-bed rocks, the rhizome at this stage quite slender, the fronds suberect and the pinne rather small; such creeping rhizomes wander on until they meet a tree, up which they may climb. The climbing rhizome rapidly develops to a much larger size, and bears fronds of full mature size growing out horizontally from the tree. Only such climbing plants bear fertile fronds, and the mature form of the fern is never seen in the creeping stages. Fertile fronds of Lomagramma, \like those of most species of Teratophyllum, are rarely found, and are perhaps dependent on an exceptionally dry season, or exposure due to the fall of a neighbouring tree. On the ground in the forest one of the commonest ferns was Diplazium cordifolium, the typical form and also var. pariens. Others were Heterogonium profereoides, Dryo- pteris aciculata, Lindsaya tenera, Microlepsia Hookerae, Diplazium fraxinifolium var. grossum and Dryopteris crassifolia. Lindsaya repens Bedd. was rather frequent on the lower parts of tree trunks in moist situations, its finely dissected bathyphylls sometimes very conspicuous. Somewhat further on, on the forest edge, were three remarkable ferns which I did not find elsewhere. On the grassy bank of the path were Dryopteris multiseta and Dennstaedtia rufidula, the one very sealy, and the other even more densely hairy; and actually in the thicket of the forest edge was Dennstaedtia cuneata. The last-named grew to an enormous size, the erect fronds 4 m. high, a fresh pale green, rising from a very thick creeping rhizome. Also in the edge of the forest were enormous plants of Tectaria Leuzeana. At Tenompok, 4700 ft., I explored the forest fairly thoroughly for terrestrial ferns and low epiphytes, but probably missed some of the epiphytes from the upper tree Vol. VII. (1934). B 198 branches. The low-level epiphytes (1.e., those near the ground level in the forest) were : Leucostegia hymenophy- lloides, Asplenium scolopendrioides, A. acutiusculum, Poly- podium Reinwardtii, Trichomanes bipunctatum, Hymeno- phyllum eximium, H. thuidium, and Monogramma trichoidea. The high level epiphytes were: Polypodium albidosquamatum, P. rajaense, P. pallens, P. incurvatum, Loxogramme_ ensifrons, L. mnidiformis, Cyclophorus— borneensis, Hymendepis revoluta, Humata kinabaluensis, Asplenium pachychlamys, Elaphoglossum petiolatum, E. callifolium, Davallia embolostegia, and Vittaria zosterifolia. A single felled tree had on it nine species of epiphytic ferns, besides orchids and Aeschynanthus sp. The terrestrial fern flora at Tenompok may be divided into the following sections: ferns of the open (beside the bridle path), and ferns of the forest, the latter being again divided into streamside ferns and others. These divisions are not quite sharp, as some ferns tend to grow just in the edge of the forest. The streams at Tenompok were all small, steep and rocky, completely shaded by forest, and the fern flora of the larger open streams, as seen at Lobang, did not appear, except that some species which would normally grow on the banks of larger streams found suitable positions on the earth banks of the bridle paths. _ Ferns of open places were first the Gleichenias, G. linearis in one or more varieties, and G. Norrisii. Norrisii, here as in the Peninsula, is a fern of the edges and clearings in rather high forest, not of exposed ridge-tops; in the Peninsula it occurs at mid-elevations in the hills, at about 2000 ft., and presumably it is not actual altitude or temperature so much as the rather humid and half-shaded situation that is the determining factor in its case. It is evidently a fern of rather narrow limits of toleration, perhaps on the part of the gametophyte. Other ferns of open places were Hypolepis Brooksiae and Histiopteris stipulacea. On the bank just in the shade of the forest edge were Dryopteris cuspidata, Diplazium povense, Asplenium porphyrorachis and Polystichum gemmi- parum; in rather wet places especially Microlepia mani- lensis was abundant. Ferns of the forest shade were the remarkable Angiopteris ferox (rather small for the genus, abundant), Dryopteris baramensis (abundant), Diplazium barbatum (abundant), Dryopteris sparsa, D. gracilescens, D. hetero- carpa, D. Toppingti, D. multisora, Dennstaedtia amopla, Cyathea latebrosa, C. recommutata, C. tripinnata (on forest edge), Pteris purpureorachis, Lindsaya crispa, and Asple- num normale. By the streams in the forest were: Asplenium filipes, Dryopteris tenompokensis (on rocks, with Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 199 erect fertile fronds), D. hirtipes (abundant), Marattia pellucida, Trichomanes apiifolium, T. cupressiodes, Lindsaya malayensis, and Tectaria crenata. By the streams were also abundant as low-level epiphytes Aspleniwm scolopen- drioiodes and Leucostegia hymenophylloides, the latter with much larger leaves than when growing in more exposed places. The ridge of the mountain climbs little between Tenompok and Lumu Lumu, with ups and downs; on the higher steeper parts the forest is dwarfed and open, but less so than beyond Lumu Lumu. On the steeper parts Plagiogyria adnata was the characteristic terrestrial fern; for a note on this species and its relation to P. Clemensiae see the systematic section. Species of Plagiogyria seem always to be ferns of dwarf forest on high mountain ridges. Of terrestrial ferns of higher forest on less steep ground I collected the following: Diplazium atrosquamosum (abundant just above Tenompok), Dryopteris multisora (occasional all along), D. baramensis, D. crassifolia, Dipla- zium speciosum, Microlepia Hookeriana, and Polystichum carvifolium (?). On the higher ridges grew Blechnum vestitum and a variety of Gleichenia linearis with short broad branches, glaucous beneath. Where the forest was fairly tall, all the smaller vegetation was hung with trailing mosses and liverworts, and all tree trunks were covered with moss. On the ridge-tops, where the forest was much lower, the trees were more thickly covered with moss-cushions, but less of the pendulous mosses; on the ground also were cushions of mosses and liverworts. The trees were laden with epiphytic orchids, and a smaller quantity of ferns. Of the ferns, the climbing species Lindsaya repens and L. pectinata were the most abundant. Probably next in abundancé was Polypodium consociatum, growing among the mosses. Other epiphytes were: Polypodium Curtisii (abundant near Tenompok), P. lancifolium, P. albidosquamatum, rajaense, Vittaria angustifolia, Hymenophyllum eximium, H. Neesti, H. pachydermicum, Trichomanes proliferum and T. pallidum. Small Cyathea plants were frequent, but I did not see any mature tree ferns except a magnificent Dicksonia Blumei, with very stout trunk and long red-brown hairs all over stipe and rachis. At Lumu Lumu, in wet ground by a small stream, were plants of Cyathea capitata, the largest with a stem 30 cm. high; it is one of the largest simply pinnate species. Beyond Lumu Lumu the spur of the mountain ascends more steeply, but always there are alternations of narrow exposed ridges with small trees, and broadly rounded parts Vol. VII. (1934). 200 of the spur carrying rather high forest. In the latter, a locally abundant terrestrial fern was Polystichum carvi- folium (?) ; Dryopteris crassifolia also occurred. Terrestrial ferns were abundant in the more open forest on the steep ridges. These included several species of Gleichenia: G. linearis, G. longissima, G. bullata, G. hirta (very scaly), and G. microphylla var. semivestita. In exposed places at above 8000 ft. occurred also G. borneensis. G. bullata ~ extended up the mountain to the limit of tree growth, much dwarfed at the highest altitudes. Other terrestrial ferns were Lindsaya diplosora, Dryopteris viscosa and D. supra- villosa, Plagiogyria, Blechnum vestitum, and on steep banks locally Cheiropleuria bicuspis, mostly very small with stiffly coriaceous leaves and long creeping rhizomes. Two tree ferns were fairly abundant at the 6000-7000 ft. level, Cyathea ramispina and C. kemberangana, the former particularly conspicuous with its much-branched “aphlebie’’ at the bases of the stipes. These aphlebiz are at first green, but turn brown before the leaf has ceased to function; they persist on the old leaf-bases and form a complete covering for the trunk of the fern. The youngest plants lack the aphlebiz, but could readily be recognised by their black stipes. The limited but dense covering of pale scales at the base of the stipes of C. kemberangana was also characteristic. Dryopteris subarborea also occurred, its leaves equalling in size those of small Cyatheas. Of epiphytes the following were collected. Polypodium consociatum occurred abundantly almost up to Kamboran- gah, and locally P. clavifer; other small species were P. bryophyllum, P. mollicomum, P. streptophyllum, Sclero- glossum spp., Hymenophyllum pilosissimum, H. microchi- ium, Trichomanes palmatifidum and T. album. Larger epiphytes, on the higher or more exposed tree-branches were: Polypodium albidopaleatum, P. stenopteris, Elapho- glassum Beccarianum and EH. decurrens. From Kamborangah (7200 ft.) I made a descent obliquely into the Kadamaian valley, reaching the stream at a level slightly below that of the camp. As one leaves the crest of the ridge, the dwarfed forest gives place to higher trees, with an undergrowth of fine bamboo. In this lower parts of trees and fallen logs are covered with masses of liverworts, and sometimes on large trees are great cushions of liverworts at intervals on the trunks. Lower down were a fair quantity of Dicranaceous moss cushions on the ground and on fallen logs, but always mostly liverworts. The forest was not very densely shady, and had a rather open undergrowth of bamboo, rattans, and some ferns. The common fern was Polystichum carvi- folum (?), and also abundant were Dryopteris viscosa, Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 201 D. multisora, Plagiogyria Clemensiae, Acrophorus Blumei. Less frequent were Blechnum vestitum (never abundant nor large except near the ridge top), Plagiogyria glauca (sterile), and Diplazium cordifolium. Near small streams the fern flora was richer. Pteris flava was quite abundant and often large, but not often fertile. Other ferns abundant in this situatign were Diplazium tricholepis, Athyrium macrocarpum, Tricho- manes maximum; also occasionally Blechnum Patersoni, B. Finlaysonianum and Cyathea capitata. Of large tree ferns Cyathea Korthalsii and Dicksonia Blumei were noted ; on the former were some very large plants of Spiridens Reinwardtii growing epiphytically half way up the trunk. Blechnum Finlaysonianum is a low country fern in the Malay Peninsula, and I was surprised to find it at so high an altitude. On approaching the main stream the forest became much richer in ferns and all the trees were loaded with pendulous bryophytes. Of terrestrial ferns I found the following: Dryopteris baramensis, D. megaphylla, D. stegno- gramme, Polystichum obtusum (sometimes as an epiphyte), Athyrium amoenum. On the forest edge, by the river, was a fern thicket containing Hypolepis tenutfolia, Dryopteris subarborea, D. megaphylla, and other large species. On the rocks by the stream were a pretty pink balsam (Impatiens Havilandiu), Blechnum Patersonii, and Polypodium dolicho- sorum (with erect fronds). In the forest beyond the stream were some very large plants of Angiopteris. Epiphytie ferns on trees near the river were Polypodium calcipunctatum (very large), P. celebicum, P. venulosum, and Asplenium tenerum. At Kamborangah the forest is dwarfed, with much undergrowth of Gleichenia and Nepenthes (N. Lowi). Above it the ridge broadens out, and for some distance carries a much taller mixed forest, with bamboo under- growth, like that. encountered on the way to the valley below Kamborangah. Higher up, the ridge-top becomes narrower again, and the small trees carry many small epiphytic ferns, including a number of Grammitis spp. (Polypodium Hieronymusii, P. fasciatum, P. Havilandii, P. calcipunctatum and P. kinabaluense) and also Hymeno- phyllacee. Throughout this forest, in the wetter places, occur Plagiogyria Clemensiae, Dryopteris viscosa, and occasionally Athyrium Moultonii. In a few places there are clearings (one, on a prominent ridge-end, seemed fairly clearly to have been burnt) carrying only low vegetation. In these places small ferns were very abundant, a very dwarf Dipteris forming locally Vol. VII. (1934). 202 a pure growth, or mixed with Gleichenia borneensis. In wetter places Paesia radula also occurred. There is a more or less gradual transition to a more open type of ridge forest, consisting almost entirely of Leptospermum spp. and conifers (Dacrydium predomi- nating) at first chiefly with an undergrowth of Gahnia and plants of similar habit, with few bryophytes or ferns, either terrestrial or epiphytic. In clearings, trailing Lycopodium spp. are very abundant, also Gleichenia spp. and Dipteris. Somewhat above 9000 ft. Cyathea Havilandu and Nepenthes villosa become very abundant in this Dacrydium-Leptos- permum forest, forming the bulk of the undergrowth, the Cyathea with almost erect fronds and no trunk showing above ground level. The Nepenthes trails along the ground, and rarely climbs. Schizaea fistulosa also occurs here. Mosses of the genus Macromitrium were occasional epiphytes, but many of the trees bore none. On reaching about 10000 ft. the track leaves the crest of the ridge and descends a little into the valley to the stream at Pakka. The valley forest is notably wetter than that of the ridge top, and becomes at once mossy; by the stream itself all trees were loaded with bryophytes, chiefly (as at almost all places) liverworts. The ground vegetation of this valley forest consists largely of a tall-leaved orchid, Eria grandis. There were also some fine ferns, including the large species Polystichum Holttumu and Dryopteris paleacea, the very finely dissected Athyrium pulcherrimum and Acrophorus Blumei, and as usual Plagiogyria Clemen- siae and Dryopteris viscosa. Of epiphytes I found Hymenophyllum australe, Asplenium Elmeri, Loxogramme parallela, Polypodiwm monocarpum, P. pakkaense, P. sumatranum, P. cucullatum v. subgracilumum and Elaphoglossum angulatum. The stream is very steep and rocky. In an open place, among a mass of liverworts which covered the rocks beside the stream, Hymenophyllum paniculiforum grew abun- dantly. On a shaded vertical rock was a large quantity of Trichomanes Teysmanniui and Hymenophyllum serrulatum. On a few of the rocks, above flood level, were smal! Grammitis plants, and Athyrium macrocarpum. A short climb above Pakka brings one to the edge of the continuous forest. After that is scrub or small patches of forest at intervals, separated by bare sloping rocks, the patches of vegetation becoming smaller and the bare rocks more extensive until finally there is nothing but rock. In this bare sloping rock are many crevices in which plants grow ; the crevices are the drainage channels. Occasionally there is a hollow containing a pool of water. The Leptos- permum which is the most abundant tree in much of the Gardena Bullet, Gael 3 203 forest about Pakka grows in these crevices, at the higher altitudes dwarfed to only a few inches high. With it are a few other woody plants, and a number of herbs and grasses, as described by Miss Gibbs. The small ferns of the summit region do not usually grow in these exposed crevices, which is doubtless why Miss Gibbs overlooked them. They occur only where an overhanging rock affords shelter from insolation, and usually near a trickle of water. The most abundant is Polypodium kinabaluense, and near the summit I found Oreogrammitis Clemensiae. Other ferns found in similar situations were: Asplenium malayo- alpinum, Athyrium Clemensiae, Polystichum kinabaluense, Polypodium caespitosum. In the undergrowth of one of the last thickets were Dryopteris adnata and Hymenolepis squamata var. borneensis, the latter with erect fronds. Two interesting ferns of the summit region, not found by me, are Stenolepia tristis and Blechnum fluviatile. On the descent of the mountain, I followed the same path as far as Kamborangah, descending thence to Lobang, the route taken by Miss Gibbs for both ascent and descent. The drop of about 3000 feet, down the side of the main spur of the mountain, is a very steep one, and in many places the ground is so steep and rocky as to carry no large trees. Not far below Kamborangah Monachosorum subdigitatum, a fern not previously seen, was found in small quantity, terrestrial in a rocky place. Of epiphytes, I found the very large Humata kinabaluensis var. subvestita, Polypodium subauriculatum, and P. subminutum. In the lower part of the descent, on rocky ground, Asplenium lobangense was the commonest fern; in the more open places = Mohan Leuzeana and Dryopteris megaphylla also occurred. At the bottom of the descent two streams were crossed. On the rocks by the streams, just above flood level, the graceful little Adiantum diaphanum was very abundant. Also on the rocks Dryopteris hirtipes was frequent, as at Tenompok. Terrestrial in the neighbouring forest were Pteris Grevilleana, the very large Angiopteris Holttumi, and Lomagramma Brooksw (on rocks and trees). I ascended one of small streams for a little distance, and then descended to the main Kadamaian river in the valley bottom, following it as far as the Menetendok gorge. The small stream was very steep and rocky. On its rocks were some of the same ferns found at Tenompok, and also Diplazium pallidum and Athyrium silvaticum. Beside the stream was a very tall Cyathea contaminans, unusually slender and the stipes hardly muricate; the rather shady and very moist conditions were perhaps the cause of its peculiar character. In the forest near the stream, and again Vol. VII. (1934). 204 lower down by the main river, were a few plants of Botrychium daucifolium. The descent from Lobang camp to the Kadamaian river was through fairly high forest. The ground was still fairly steep and rocky, and we passed another small stream. There were a considerable number of terrestrial ferns and a rather rich ground vegetation generally. Among the ferns were Microlepia strigosa, Tectaria vasta (abundant — throughout), Polystichum gemmiparum and P. aristatum, Diplazium tabacinum, D. fraxinifolium, D. sp. near Woodii (no. 25579), and Dryopteris sparsa. Near the stream Lomagramma Brookst was very abundant creeping over the rocks and climbing some of the trees, but no fertile fronds were seen. Hymenophyllum pachydermicum was abundant on some tree trunks. , The trees and rocks beside the river bore a large number of ferns. A contrary statement is made by Miss Gibbs, who perhaps crossed the river below the limit of high forest, missing the most interesting part of its course. On one tree were the following species: Aspleniwm tenerum, A. spathulinum, A. filiceps, Davallodes Burbidgei, Poly- podium ithycarpum, P. sarawakense, Cyclophorus borneen- sis, and several orchids. Davallodes Burbidgei was frequent on the trees, while D. borneensis was more abundant on rocks and rarely grew epiphytically. Other ferns growing on rocks were: Polypodium commutatum, Tectaria Holttumiu, Dryopteris dissecta, D. subpubescens, and Polypodium heracleum. On small rocks by the river’s edge, where it would be frequently subject to flooding, grew Diplazium grammitoides, in stature, habit and habitat agreeing closely with Dryopteris calcarata v. ciliata in the Malay Peninsula. Passing through the short Menetendok gorge, with almost sheer walls of rock estimated at 300 feet high, we again reached cultivated ground. High up, the rocks were covered with pendulous fronds of Nephrolepis barbata. In the secondary growth round about was much Laportea, which made exploration difficult. The Kinataki, a small tributary of the Kadamaian, joins the main stream just below the gorge, and in its lower part were few ferns of interest. Further upstream, in higher forest, conditions were more favourable for ferns, and the epiphytic species common by the main stream were found. The stream being narrower than the Kadamaian, conditions were more sheltered. The Diplazium grammitoides was absent, but Adiantum diaphanum common all along on the rocks, and locally Diplaziopsis javanica and Campium quoyanum. The smaller trees were covered with pendulous liverworts. On the sloping ground above the stream, in the forest, Hetero- gonium profereoides and Tectaria pleiosora were frequent, Gardens Bulletin, S.S ; 205 the latter always sterile; also present were Tectaria vasta, T. Leuzeana and Dryopteris microthecia. Angiopteris plants of large size were occasional; I did not attempt to collect them all, but took specimens of A. angustifolia. Tectaria coadunata was once seen, pendulous, on a vertical mossy rock over the stream. At the furthest point reached, in a wet shady place in high forest near the stream grew Didymochlaena truncatula and Coniogramme macrophylla. Returning by a path at a higher level, leading partly through well-grown secondary forest, I found Dryopteris urophylla v. nitida as a very abundant terrestrial fern, locally forming a continuous undergrowth. The open country between Menetendok and Kiau yielded few ferns. Beside the rice fields Pteris biaurita was common, also Pityrogramma calomelanos (not seen higher up on the mountain) and the usual ferns such as Nephrolepis biserrata which are characteristic of open places. The only epiphytes noted were Polypodium subauri- culatum and Cyclophorus borneensis. From Kiau I went to the Marei Parei spur. The path leads round the shoulder of the Gurulau spur, on the slopes of which Kiau stands, through secondary growth and clearings, and down to the Kenokok river. From there to the Dahombang river is a fairly good forest growth, on fairly level ground, with herbaceous undergrowth contain- ing many of the ferns seen near Dallas and Tenompok. The Heterogonium was frequently seen, and Lomagramma in rocky places. Where the path descended a little to the Dahombang river, the fern flora became more luxuriant. Asplenium borneense was very frequent and large, climbing on the rocks. On small trees near the river a pendulous Selaginella was epiphytic, with many bryophytes. The stream bed itself was quite bare of all plant life, owing to a large landslide in the headwaters of the stream not long previously; the earth and stones, borne down by the flood, had scoured the boulders of the river bed perfectly clean, and it bore a very different appearance from that of the Kadamaian. From the Dahombang the path climbs first up the slopes of the Penibukan ridge, where Pteris rangiferina and Cyathea longpipes were the most interesting ferns, both occurring on the crest of the ridge. The path descends a little to cross the Kinataki (not the stream of the same name which flows into the Kadamaian), and then climbs the Marei Parei spur. The ridge forest continues for a time much as on the Penibukan ridge, but gradually the trees become shorter and more mossy, and conifers more numerous. In the clearing on the ridge where we camped i were some interesting ferns. In wet ground, in fully Vol. VII. (1934). 206 exposed places, grew Dryopteris lithophylla, its young fronds covered with mucilage, and in moist rock crevices, also fully exopsed, was Schizoloma Jamesonoides, with bright red young leaves. In the edge of the neighbouring thickets was Matonia Foxworthyi, which I did not find on the main spur of the mountain. __ Above the camp site at Marei Parei (5000 ft.) the ridge rises steeply for some little distance, the ground being rocky and covered with low flat-topped trees of Leptosper- mum and bushes of other species, or open and covered with Cyperacee; in the wetter places were some plants of Nepenthes rajah. At the top of this steep rise a low mossy forest begins, consisting of close-growing slender trees thinly draped with liverworts. The ground vegetation was poor, containing a slender rattan and also some of the ferns found lower down the ridge, with Diplazium Hewittu in addition. No Plagiogyria nor Dryopteris viscosa, character plants of the main spur at about this altitude, were seen. Nepenthes villosa, long climbing plants, was abundant. The tree growth consisted of many species, including several species of Podocarpus and Dacrydium. Epiphytes were few, the only fern noted being Scleroglossum debile. Rather suddenly the ridge broadens out, as it does above Kamborangah, and carries a forest of quite tall trees, with bamboo undergrowth. The ground was rocky, and conditions evidently very humid, though no stream appeared to be near. The trees were loaded with pendulous bryophytes. Trichomanes maximum and Monachosorum subdigitatum were abundant as terrestrial ferns, others being Diplazium speciosum, D. cordifolium, Pteris kina- baluensis, Dryopteris multisora and D. stipellata. A little further up, Dryopteris viscosa became abundant, often with quite tall stems like miniature tree ferns, and also Poly- stichum carvifolim as near Kamborangah, the Trichomanes and Monachosorum gradually disappearing. There were also a few plants of Acrophorus Blumei and Blechnum Patersoni. The ground became steeper and the forest smaller, and I found a few sterile plants of Blechnum Fraseri with erect slender stems up to a metre high. Several epiphytic ferns characteristic of Tenompok and Lumu Lumu were seen, and also Asplenium nigrescens. The steep ridge higher up bore small very mossy forest much as that near Kamborangah under similar conditions (the ‘‘moss” always consisting chiefly of liverworts), Dryopteris viscosa being always the common ground fern, with Plagiogyria, Athryium macrocarpum (small), and in rocky places Cheiropleuria, large and typical, not small and coriaceous as near Kamborangah. Gleichenia spp. occurred all along, and small plants of Cyathea ramispina. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 207 PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL NOTE (C. CHR.). The number of species known only from Kinabalu is rather large, but this does not mean that all of them are endemic there; on the contrary, I think it probable that many of them occur also on the mountains in other parts of Borneo, especially in the mountainous region on the boundary between Sarawak and Dutch Borneo. Dr. E. Mjoberg’s collections from Mt. Tibang and Mt. Murud contain several species known previously from Kinabalu only. Considering further that several species among the additions to the Kinabalu flora recorded in this paper have previously been known only in Sarawak, I conclude that the number of species really endemic is not very large. The fern flora of Kinabalu (and of Borneo as a whole) is intimately related to that of the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, and in a somewhat lesser degree to that of the Philippines, especially the island of Mindanao. It is not so nearly related to that of Java, and still more remote from that of New Guinea, though the two big islands have a number of species in common. ong the most interesting records of increased distribution contained in this paper are the following: Blechnum fluviatile, known previously from Australia and New Zealand; Stenolepia tristis, known previously only from the mountains of Java; Paesia radula, previously only known from Sumatra, now reported from Kinabalu and also from Celebes; Heterogonium profereoides, previously known only from Mindanao. Of the above, Blechnum fluviatile is a notable addition to the list of species which form a south-temperate element in the Malayan fern-flora, others on Kinabalu being Schizaea fistulosa, the two species of Eugleichenia, Pteridium escu- lentum, and the remaining species of Blechnum, section Lomaria. Vol. VII. (1934). 208 ENUMERATION OF THE SPECIES. Our ideas of the natural relationship of the tribes and genera of ferns have considerably changed since the year 1900, when Prof. Diels published his scheme of classification (Die Natiirl. Pflanzenfamilien 1, 4), which I followed in my Index Filicum, but we still lack a general treatise in which a new and more natural system is worked out. The only work of this kind in recent years is Dr. E. B. Copeland’s interesting paper: The Oriental Genera of Polypodiacez!, in which he gives many valuable contributions to the right conception of a natural, phylogenetic classification of ferns, but unfortunately he deals with the Asiatic genera only. I agree with him on the whole in regard to his ideas of the mutual relationships of these genera, less so in his delimitation of the individual genera. In this paper I have consequently arranged the genera in a manner which corresponds in many respects with Copeland’s ideas, but have maintained most genera as defined in my Index, chiefly because I do not desire here to create a considerable number of new combinations. (C. Chr.). OPHIOGLOSSACEZ. OPHIOGLOSSUM LINNAEUS. O. pedunculosum Desv.—Kiau (Cl. 10093, Tp. 1636), near Dallas (H. 25269, Cl. 27415, 26158), Silau basin, 7000 ft. (Cl. 29280). On bare ground in open places; often brought in by the Dusuns, but not often seen by me. O. reticulatum L.—t. Copeland, Keys 299, not seen. O. intermedium Hook.—Kiau (Cl. 10243). O. pendulum L.—Tenompok (Cl., s.n.). O. Moultoni Copel Journ. Straits Br. R. Asiatic Soc. no. 63, 72 (1912).—Tenompok (Cl. 24768, 28320). The largest fronds of these collections agree with the description of the species; others are shorter and narrower, but of the same general shape. Some however seem to grade into more typical O. pendulum, and I think that more field study is needed before the status of the species can be decided. (R.E.H.). BOTRYCHIUM SWARTZ. B. daucifolium Wall.—Gurulau Spur (Tp. 1840), near Menetendok (H. 25578), Tenompok (Cl. 29210, 27982), Below Dachang (Cl. 29049). In rich soil in shady valley forest, near streams. (1) University of California Publications in Botany, 16, no. 1. 1929. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 209 HELMINTHOSTACHYS KAULFUSS. H. zeylanica (L.) Hk.—Low damp woods, 1000 ft. (Cl. 27666). MARATTIACEA. ANGIOPTERIS HOFFMANN. A. ot Neda ae Presl.—Menetendok (H. 25716). New to Borneo. A. ferox Copeland, Phil Journ. Sci. 6C: 134. 1911.— . Dahombang (Haviland 1476), Tenompok, abundant in forest (H. 25382). A peculiar species, known previously from Mt. Pen- rissen, Sarawak; the black-brown stipes and rachises are ensely bearded with blackish, linear scales. A. Holttumii C. Chr. n. sp. Maxima, 4 m. alta, pinnis fere 1 m. longis pinnulis ca. 35-jugis, subcontiguis, subsessilibus (petiolis vix 8 mm. longis, alatis), linearibus vel oblanceolatis, 15 cm. longis, 2.5 cm. latis, basi subequaliter truncatis, in apicem brevem acumi- natum grosse serratum sat subito angustatis, mar- ginibus irregulariter et leviter dentatis. Venulis recurrentibus distinctis, ultra medium vel fere ad costam productis. Soris 1.5-2 mm. a margine remotis, sporangiis 5—7—-jugis. Textura herbacea, colore superne obscuro inferne pallidiore, costis costulisque subtus paleis parvis persparse onustis. KINABALU: Lobang (H. 25552, type in Herb. C. Chr.), Kiau (Clemens 10234). A mighty fern, nearest A. arthrocarpa v.A.v.R. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. III Ser. 5: 183, but pinnules sessile; the Bornean A. muricata Pr. is nearly as large, but the recurrent vein indistinct or none. A. Brooksii Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 10C: 145, t.1. 1915.— Dallas-Tenompok ridge, in ravine (C1. 26825, 27354). Known previously from Sarawak. In general appear- ance this is very like A. Holttumii, but is distinguished by the short sori close to the edge, the very short indistinct recurrent veins, and the thicker texture. MARATTIA SMITH. M. pellucida Pr. ?—Tenompok, in forest by stream (H. 25391, .Cl. 27428, 30459). If rightly named, new to Borneo. Vol. VIT. (1934). 210 SCHIZH ACE. SCHIZAEA SMITH. S. malaccana Baker var. robustior var. nov.—Leaves up to 25 cm. long by 1 mm. or more wide, spikes 6—7—jugate, usually folded together. Superficially resembling S. fistulosa, especially the Hawaiian subspecies S. robusta Bak. but agreeing with the type in all important characters. Marei Parei ridge (Cl. 10919; Gibbs 4039?, an seq.?). Typical malaccana, common in Sarawak, has as a rule much narrower leaves. This species (of which S. papuana Brause, Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 56: 211. 1920, is a direct Synonym) can easily be distinguished from the following by the yellowish-brown and flat hairs of the rhizome and the subcomplanate fronds. S. fistulosa Labill—S. malaccana Baker 1879: 44.-s.]. (Burbidge, Haslam), Pakka to Lobang, terrestrial in open forest (Cl. 10591, 10729, H. 25505), rocky ridge below Pakka (Cl. 27952, 28035). Hairs of the rhizome glossy, castaneous, the spikes 10-15—jugate, the leaves terete, rush-like. S. digitata (L.) Sw.—Dallas (Cl. 27357). S. dichotoma (L.) Sm.—Ridge S. of Koung, 3000 ft. (Cl., S.n.). LYGODIUM SWARTZ. L. circinnatum (Burm.) Sw.—Lobang to Kiau (Tp. 1800), Dallas (Cl. 26451). L. scandens (L.) Sw.—Kiau (Topping 1509). GLEICHENIACE. GLEICHENIA SMITH. G. microphylla R. Br. var. semivestita (Labill.) v.A.v.R. Handb. Suppl. 80.-G. vulcanica Gepp 205.-s.]. (Havi- land 1483), Kamborangah (Gibbs 4158, Tp. 1648, Cl. 10353), Marei Parei ridge (Gibbs 4086, Cl. 10947), Pakka (H. 25510), above Kamborangah (Cl. 28015). I follow v.A.v.R. in naming this fern, which is common on the loftier mountains of the Malayan region, though it is not quite identical with Australian type. Copeland quoted Kinabalu as a locality for G. vulcanica Bl., probably on the basis of Gepp’s wrong identification of Miss Gibbs’ specimens. This fern is frequent on the Kamborangah ridge in low open forest, especially in the most open places; sometimes it is associated with the next species. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 211 G. borneensis (Bak.) C. Chr. n. sp. G. circinnata var. borneensis Bak. Journ. Bot. 1879: 37. Cop. Keys: 303.—Eugleichenia a specie antecedente differt: Stipite rachibusque subtus teretibus superne planis vel late sulcatis, rachibus secundariis paleis atrocastaneis, scutelliformibus, subbullatis, integris parce onustis. Segmentis minimis, 0.5 mm. longis et latis, marginibus revolutis, subtus glaucis et paleis orbicularibus vel interdum breviter cuspidatis arcte adpressis conspersis. Soris profunde immersis. KINABALU: s.l. (Burbidge, type, Kew), to above Pakka and Kamborangah (Gibbs 4226, 4231), below Pakka, open places on ridge (H. 25517, Cl. 27470).—Summit of Mt. Murud (Mjoberg). This is a very remarkable and distinct species, so different from all others that it might very naturally be regarded as the type of a special section of Hugleichenia. It has the immersed sori and the flat upperside of stipe and rachises in common with the South African G. polypodioides (L.) Sm., but the scales are wholly peculiar. Those of the under side of the rachises of the branches are ovate, entire, vaulted, glossy and nearly black with paler margins, deciduous and often all abraded, those of the under side of the segments firmly appressed to the leaf, mostly orbicular, sometimes shortly cuspidate, entire, somewhat vaulted, reddish brown with paler margins; they are irregularly scattered over the surface, mostly 3-6 in each segment, and recall a kind of Coccide. The other characters are less peculiar. The rhizome is horizontally wide-creeping, brown, glossy, terete, with some scales like those of the rachises, soon naked; the stipe 8-15 cm. long; the frond up to 40 cm. long, unbranched or forked with the terminal bud dormant or growing out to an unbranched pinna on a stalk 15 cm. long without pinnules; lateral branches stiffly erect, up to 30 cm. long, 3-5 cm. broad, with pinnules to the base, unbranched or forked. Pinnules and segments in shape and size like those of G. microphylla. Sori with 2-4 very deeply immersed sporangia, one (always?) to each segment, basal on the anterior side. This species grows alongside G. microphylla, and also alone, especially in open places on the ridge. It is sometimes associated with very dwarf Dipteris. G. hirta Bl.—G. vestita var. paleacea Bak. Journ. Bot. 1879: 38—G. vestita, G. Hallieri, G. Warburgii Copel. Keys 304.—s.1. (Burbidge, Gibbs 4269), Pakka to Lobang (Tp. 1755), Kamborangah (Cl. 10531, H. 25449), Tenompok (Cl. 28785), above Kamborangah on rocks (Cl. 28016). Vol. VII. (1934). 212 All specimens named by various authors G. vestita belong to G. hirta, which is well characterised by its usually very glaucous under surface, by its much narrower fimbriate scales of the midribs and especially by the segments being distinctly toothed at their tips. The specimens from Mt. Kinabalu are more densely chaffy than most others, and might be named var. paleacea (Bak.). G. levigata (Willd.) Hk.—Kiau (Gibbs 3966, t. Gepp), — Koung (H., s.n.). Associated with G. linearis in thickets beside paths on the lower slopes of the mountain. G. linearis (Burm.) Clarke—Tenompok to Lumu Lumu (H. 25438), Marei Parei ridge (H. 25617), Tenompok (Glo 29535, Z87F4a9- These collections represent four distinct varieties. G. bullata Moore—G. arachnoides Gepp p. 205.—s.1. (Low, type!, Haviland 1950, Gibbs 3081, Cl. 10724), Lumu Lumu to Kamborangah (H. 25450).—Mt. Tibang (Mjdberg). This very distinct, thickly coriaceous and densely chaffy species may be identical with the Javanese G. arachnoides Mett., but scarcely with G. volubilis Jungh., to which v.A.v.R. (Handb. Suppl. 83) referred it. It grows with G. glauca in open places on the ridge from about 6000 ft. upwards as far as there is any continuous vegetation, in very exposed places often very much dwarfed. G. Norrisii Mett.—Tenompok (H. 25405, Cl. 28267, 29430). var. floccigera var. nov.—A typo fere glabro differt : costis nervisque paleis filiformibus stellatis subtus_ plus minusve villosis, receptaculis itaque dense villosis, sporangiis (plerumque 5-6) juvenilibus a tomento tectis, segmentis non vel leviter emarginatis. Gurulau spur (Gibbs 3976), Kiau (Cl. 9986). This variety should be compared with G. Hlmeri Copel. The collections of Holttum and Clemens from Tenompok all agree closely with typical material from the Malay Peninsula. They show a few hairs mixed with the sporangia, especially in young sori. In the Peninsula the species is usually found at about 2000 ft. altitude, and has never been found much higher; it is therefore interesting to find it at nearly 5000 ft. on Kinabalu. (R.E.H.). G. glauca (Thbg.) Hk. var. longissima (Bl.).—Lumu Lumu to Kamborangah (Gibbs 4256, H. 25448). HYMENOPHYLLACE. HYMENOPHYLLUM J. E. SMITH. H. microchilum (Bak.) C. Chr. Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 7: 148. 1928. Trichomanes microchilum Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 213 Bak. 1894: 250.—H. Blumeanum Copel. Keys 307 (part)—-s.]. (Haviland 1478, type !), from Tenompok to Lumu Lumu and Kamborangah, on trees (H. 25470, 25735, Cl. 28984, 27070).—Sarawak, Mt. Dulit (Mjoberg).—Dutch Borneo, Bukit Mehepit and Bukit Rajah (Hans Winkler 744, 1042a). ; A genuine species of Hymenophyllum, in general habit closely resembling H. polyanthos Sw., but the sori are different, broadly ovate and deeply immersed in the segment with two small free triangular lips and exserted receptacle. Fronds quite glabrous, the segments entire, the stipe winged in the upper half. Known from ‘Borneo only. H. Blumeanum §pr. sens. lat.—Tenompok (Cl., s.n.). H. eximium Kunze.—H. formosum Bak. 1879: 38.—s.1. (Burbidge, Enriquez 18121), Kamborangah (Cl. 10528, 28010, 28012), Tenompok (H. 25424, Cl. 27791, 26948, 29488), Lumu trail (Cl. 28388), falls above Lumu, on rocks (Cl. 29715). H. pachydermicum Cesati—H. vestitum Bak. Kew Bull. 1894: 7; Trichomanes vortitum Hose p. 389 (err. typ.). —H. Clemensiae Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 12C: 46. 1917.—Kiau (Cl. 10226), Gurulau spur (Tp. 1619, Cl. 10780), Tenompok to Lumu Lumu (H. 25426), Tenompok (Cl. 29270), near Menetendok (H. 25580), Marei Parei ridge (H. 25618). All writers have failed to identify Cesati’s species because of a misprint in the original description, where the measure “‘duo decimetra longa’ should be “centimetra”’ (t. sp. orig. Herb. Firenze). It is a small species, distinguished by the numerous reddish hairs on the ribs beneath. It seems to be common in Sarawak, and is also found in South-east Borneo: W. Kutai, Kemul (Endert 3799). dH. pilosum v.A.v.R., from Sumatra (Barisan Mts., Matthew) and Celebes (Kjellberg 3628) is, I think, the same species. H. paniculifiorum Presl.—Pakka, on rocks by stream in a mass of bryophytes (H. 25497), above Lumu Lumu (Cl. 28014). New to Borneo. H. australe Willd.—Pakka, on rock near stream (H. 25501), Tenompok, on tree in forest (H. 25734, small form). var. fimbriatum J. Sm.—Tenompok (Cl. 27425). H. pilosissimum C. Chr. sp. nov.—H. obtusuwm Bak. 1879: 38, Copel, Keys 307.—H. obtuso Hook. et Arn. Ha- waliensi species proxima et cum ea ab auctoribus false conjuncta, differt: majori; stipite exalato ad 3-4 cm. longo; lamina elongato-lanceolata, ad 10 cm. longa, 2 em. lata, bipinnata-tripinnatifida, supra sparse subtus densissime pilis stellatis molliter lanosa, rachi costique late alatis, segmentis 1 mm. latis. Vol. VIT. (1934). * 214 Kinabalu, s.l. (Burbidge, type, Kew), Lumu Lumu to Kamborangah, on under sides of sloping tree trunks in mossy forest (H. 25460), Kamborangah (Cl. 28983) .— Dutch Borneo: Kemul (Endert 4232, p.p.).—Papua: Hunsteinspitze (Ledermann 8460). Among the species of the group of H. ciliatum, this is perhaps the most densely hairy. The undersurface is throughout covered with stellate hairs which bear, on the tip of a central stalk, 4—6 simple horizontal or suberect branches. In H. obtusum the midrib and margins only bear the stellate hairs; our species is more narrowly lanceo- late in outline, somewhat narrowed toward the base and the apex, though the apex may be sometimes rounded-obtuse. The sori are placed on the tips of the upper segments, the indusia almost as wide as the segments, divided nearly to the base, the valves rounded, densely hairy, sporangia very large. To this species belong, I think, all other Malayan and Melanesian specimens called by other authors H. obtuswm and H. subtilissemum. H. badium Hk. et Grev.—Dallas, on rocks by stream, 2500 ft. (Cl. 27315). Sterile specimens. H. productum Kze.—Tenompok, on mossy stump (CI. 28228). LEPTOCIONIUM. H. johorense Holttum Gard. Bull. S.S. 4: 408. 1929.— Below Pakka, on tree trunk (H. 25482, det. Holttum). New to Borneo. The least divided Leptocionium, not at all related to H. borneense Hook. as suggested by Holttum but very near and perhaps the same as AH. perparvulum y.A.v.R. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. II Ser. no, XVI: 18. 1914, from Mt. Singgalang, Sumatra (Matthew 664). From dA. Lobbu Moore (syn. H. subflabellatum Cesati, Trichomanes ser- rulatum Bak.) it differs chiefly by its segments being twice as wide. It may be noted that Moore’s and Baker’s species were both based on the same collection made by Lobb in 1857 on Lobong Peak, N. E. Borneo; the locality Moulmein quoted by van den Bosch is due to a wrong label at Kew. H. blandum Racib.—Marei Parei ridgé (Gibbs 4228, H. 25605). H. perfissum Copel. 1917. 47.—Pakka (Cl. 10588). H. holochilum (v.d.B.) C. Chr.—Pakka to Lobang (Tp. 1680, 1731). ia & Baker Copeland, Keys 309.—Trichomanes dentieulatum : ’ Bak. Mies) os, to Lobang (Tp. 1733). \en a whee Gardens Bulletin, S.S. ¥ | 5, 215, line 7, for serrulatum read serratulum. p. 214, line 35, for serrulatum read serratulum. 215 Baker’s species was wrongly identified with a quite different Samoan plant (H. praetervisum) by Christ. The specimens from Kinabalu are sterile, but I think that they belong here. H. Bakeri resembles in general habit, size and sori H. microchilum, but the segments are remotely toothed and the rachis furnished with a few hairs. H. Lobbii Moore—Trichomanes serrulatum Bak.—Kam- borangah (Cl. 28006). H. serrulatum (Pr.) C. Chr.—Gurulau spur (Tp. 1617, Cl. 10779), Tenompok (H. 25421, Cl. 26850, 28088), Trail to Lumu (Cl. 28386), Bungal to Kalawat, 3000 ft. (Cl. 28174). Very common on mossy trees. H. thuidium. Harr.—H. physocarpum Christ.—Dallas- Tenompok ridge (Cl. 26897a), Tenompok (H. 25392). New to Borneo. The specimens are rather small, but otherwise match the type from Panay (Kew). It is very near H. Reinwardtu v.d.B. Hym. Jav. pl. 42, and perhaps only a variety of that species, differing in its narrower very much crisped fronds and faintly crenate valves. It is intermediate in its characters between Huhymenophyllum and Leptocionium; its whole habit is that of the crisped species of the latter section, especially H. Neesw and H. cardunculus, but the sori are quite different, globose, thick and subbullate, much broader than the segments, the round valves naked on the back, their margins obscurely crenate. The stipe is broadly crisped-alate like the rachis, the segments faintly toothed.—The Papuan H. physocarpum (Schlechter 14529, Ledermann 13050a, Berlin) is a slightly different form with the valves more coarsely toothed. H. denticulatum Sw.—Lobang to Kamborangah (Tp. 1645), Marei Parei ridge (Tp. 1881, Cl. 11042 p.p.). H. Neesii (Bl.) Hk.—s.]. (Low, Burbidge, Enriquez Herb. Singap. 18125), Lobang to Pakka (Gibbs 4144), Marei Parei ridge (Cl. 11042 p.p.), below Kamborangah (Cl. 28008), Tenompok to Lumu Lumu (H. 25425, Cl. 28386), Tenompok (Cl. 28087, 28084), Silau basin (Cl. 28397). H. fraternum Gepp p. 196 (Gibbs 4071) is, I think, a scanty and poorly fertile specimen of H. Neesii. H. cardunculus C. Chr. Mitt. Inst. allg. Bot. Hamburg 7: 144, 1928.—H. aculeatum Gepp p. 197.—Gurulau spur (Gibbs 4020), Dallas to Tenompok, on trees (H. 25351), Silau basin 8000 ft. (Cl. 29027). This species is very near Leptocionium acanthoides v.d.B. Hym. Jav. pl. 32 (syn. H. sabinifolium Bak.), differing in the rather densely reddish pilose stipe and rachis. Vol. VII. (1934). 216 TRICHOMANES LINN. T. (Gonocormus) minutum Bl.—T. proliferum Gepp p. -195.—Gurulau spur (Gibbs 4019). T. (Gonocormus) proliferum Bl.—Gurulau spur (Tp. 1616), Tenompok to Lumu Lumu, on mossy tree trunk (H. 25434). T. (Gonocormus) Teysmanni v.d.B.—near Pakka, on rock by stream (H. 25498) . I am possibly wrong in referring H. 25498 and other Bornean specimens to this species. In general habit and size they resemble T. pyxidiferum, and many Malayan Specimens in herbaria belonging here are placed under that name; but their thread-fine stipe, their colour and the structure of the somewhat plicate fronds show a close resemblance to the species of Gonocormus. They are, however, apparently not proliferous, but on close examina- tion small hairy buds may be found on the upper part of the stipe. T. dichotomum Kunze.—T. digitatum Bak. 1879: 38.— T. nitidulum Gepp p. 195, Copel. Keys 312.—=s.l. (Burbidge), Pakka (Gibbs 4233, Tp. 1709), Kam- borangah to Pakka (H. 25475), Tenompok to Kam- borangah (Cl. 28003). There is evidently only one species of the group of T. digitatum occurring on Kinabalu; Miss Gibbs’ specimens are small and digitately divided, more resembling T. niti- dulum v.d.B., but Mr. Holttum’s fine specimens ‘ consist partly of similar small fronds, partly of some which are much larger and very well agree with the Javanese type (v.d.B. Hym. Jav. pl. 16). In its often much prolonged and remotely pinnate fronds T. dichotomum is abundantly different from the genuine 7. digitatum Sw., which in my opinion does not occur in Malaya. In Borneo this species has hitherto been found on Mt. Kinabalu only. T. palmatifidum K. Mueller—Hymenophyllum borneense Hk.—Pakka (Tp. 1725), Lumu Lumu to Kamborangah, on tree trunk (H. 25462), Silau basin at 10,000 ft. (Cl. 28207), Masilau (Cl. 29281). This is the Bornean fern described by Hooker; it differs a little from the Javanese type by the somewhat narrower segments but it is certainly not specifically different. T. humile Forst.—Below Dallas, on rock by stream (H. 25375, Cl. 27138). | A's. bilabiatum Nees et Bl.—Lobang, on vertical rock in forest (Tp. 1779, H. 25554), Tenompok (Cl. 26858). T. bipunctatum Poir. sens. lat.—T. filicula Bak. 1879 : 38.— s.l. (Burbidge), Lobang to Kiau (Tp. 1799, 1806, Cl. 9955), Tenompok, on tree by stream (H. 25400, Cl. Gardens Bulletin, S84 g 217 27119, 28302, 28421, 27756 bis, 28232), Dallas to Tenompok (Cl. 27588), near Kabayau (H. 25627). T. brevipes Baker.—T. pyxidiferum Bak. 1879: 38.—T. recedens Rosenst.—T. microlirion Copel.—s.l. (Bur- bidge), near Dallas on small trees near stream (H. 25142, Cl. s.n.). The sori are often confined to the uppermost, much abbreviated pinne, forming a terminal spike (T. microlirion Copel.). Copeland would refer these plants to T. christw (Phil. Journ. Sci.. 512.185). T. pallidum Bl.—s.l. (Burbidge, t. Baker, not seen, an seq. ?), near Lumu Lumu (H. 25733). T. album Bl.—T. pallidum Gepp p. 196.—s.l. (Gibbs 41138), Lumu Lumu to Kamborangah, on lower sides of sloping tree trunks (H. 25468, Cl. 28007). T. pallidum and T. album, though differing widely in pubescence, are united by almost all authors. The hairs of T. pallidum are rather few, long and slender, patent; those of JT. album numerous, straw-coloured, rather stiff and appressed to the surface (see v.d.B., Hym. Jav. pl. 7-8). T. pallidum is on the whole a lowland species; T. album occurs only on mountains at rather high elevations. T. auriculatum Bl].—Kiau to Lobang (Tp. 1639), Tenom- pok (Cl. 29347), Dallas-Tenompok ridge (Cl. 27736). Usually on trees. T. maximum Bl.—s.l. (Low, Burbidge, Gibbs 4036), Marei Parei ridge (Cl. 10911), Kamborangah, near stream in forest (H. 25541), Tenompok, (Cl. 28372, 28225a), Dallas-Tenompok ridge, in ravine (Cl. 26897), Silau basin, rocks in stream bed (Cl. 29067). This fine species is nearly always found on wet rocks near streams. T. papillatum K. Mueller ?—Tenompok to Lumu Lumu, bank of small stream, by water’s edge (H. 25430, Cl. 27427, 28225, 28229, 28459, 28740). H. 25430 is exactly matched by collections from stream sides at similar elevations in the Peninsula. They are distinguished from typical T. cwpressoides by their more slender habit, narrower fronds with more ascending pinne. Their appearance in the field is distinctive, but in the herbarium it is difficult to find definite characters to separate them from T. cupressoides. It is possible that their peculiar form is a result of their position of growth, in a zone just above normal water level (often among tree roots) in the earth (not rocky) banks of very shady streams; they must be subject to immersion by floods at fairly frequent intervals. I have seen them abundantly Vol. VII. (1934). 218 beside three different streams in the Peninsula at about 4000 to 5000 feet elevation. [R.E.H.]. T. cupressoides Desvaux.—T. rigidum auctt. ex p.—Marei Parei ridge (Cl. 11061), Tenompok, by stream in forest (H. 25401), Tenompok to Kamborangah (Cl. 28011). T. apiifolium Presl. (not Baker 1879).—Tenompok, on rocks by stream (H. 25396, Cl. 28227). T. Schlechteri Brause, Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 49: 10 1912. var. ~7=—T: apiifolium Baker 1879: 38.—s.l. (Bur- bidge).—Dutch Borneo: Kemul (Endert 4261). A very interesting species with reddish-brown, very compact, large fronds, resembling an ostrich-feather, the stipe and rachis long-hairy. The type is from New Guinea. T. compactum v.A.v.R. (Nova Guinea 8: 57) is probably a form of the same. I hope to deal in another place with these three forms which seem to be somewhat different in anatomical structure. T. pluma Hook.—T. trichophyllum Moore.—s.l. (Low, Bur- bidge), Marei Parei ridge (Cl. 11056), Lumu Lumu to Kamborangah, on ground in forest, occasional (H. 25469, Cl. 28013, 28985, 27071, Enriquez 18157). I cannot see any difference between the two “species” here united. Trichomanes javanicum Gepp p. 197 (Gibbs 3109) is Asplenium fuliginosum. CYATHEACE2. I follow Copeland in uniting all Malayan tree-ferns in one genus, Cyathea, but I arrange the species otherwise, according to the results arrived at during my comparative studies of practically all specimens collected in Borneo, including all types. In another paper I hope to show how the species may be arranged in more distinct groups. C. capitata Copel. 1917: 49.—Marei Parei ridge (Cl. 11033), Falls above Lumu (Cl. 29987), Lumu Lumu, by stream in forest, caudex 30 em. high (H. 25447; also Cl. 29109, 27954).—Sarawak: Mt. Murud (Mjé6- berg).—A very distinct species. C. kinabaluensis Copel. 1917: 51.—Gurulau spur (Cl. 10840, 10861, Tp. 1634), forest ridges, 4000-5000 ft. (Cl. 27331), Dallas-Tenompok ridge, forest ravine (Cl. 26824). Perhaps a local race of C. arthropoda Copel. from Sarawak (Bongo Range, Mt. Poi). Clemens 26824 shows distinct narrow indusia round the bases of the sori. C. (Alsophila) vexans (Ces.) C. Chr. comb. nov. Alsophila vexans Cesati, Atti Acad. Napoli 7, part 8: 4. 1876.— Gardens Bulletin, SS. 219 A. dubia Bedd. Cyathea dubia Copel. Keys 349.—Marei Parei ridge (Cl. 10921). To this species belong probably all Bornean specimens referred by authors to Alsophila glabra (Bl.) Hook. Cyathea alternans (Wall.) Pr.—Bungal Hills, 3,000 ft. (Cl. 29160). This specimen exactly matches material from the Peninsula, except that it appears to be quite exindusiate. The Peninsular plants of this species are very variable in the extent of the development of the indusia, but all which I have examined show at least a small indusium (R.E.H.). C. polypoda Baker.—s.]. (Haviland 1479). This species differs from the following one in these characters: the sori are indusiate, and the coste and midribs beneath bear crowded pale bullate scales. I am doubtful however whether the two species are really distinct. Further material is required. C. (Alsophila) kemberangana Copel. 1917: 52.—Kam- borangah, in more open places in forest (Cl. 10500, H. 25458), jungle ridge above Lumu (Cl. 27954). Described from a rather incomplete, old frond. From Mr. Holttum’s better specimens I add some supplementary notes. Base of stipe with a mass of pale straw-coloured, narrow long-acuminate, minutely ciliate 2-3 cm. long scales, stipe and rachises brown, without scales and hairs, costze and costules hirsute above, glabrous beneath, midribs of segments with some brown bullate scales beneath. Pinne long-stalked, up to 40 cm. long by 13 cm. wide, pinnules on petioles 5 mm. long, articulated to costa, 6 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, texture moderately firm (coriaceous in the old type). This may be the same as C. polypoda Bak., but it is apparently exindusiate and the bullate scales much fewer and not pale. It is intermediate between C. vexans and C. squamulata, but quite distinct in the pale basal scales and the stipitate articulated pinnules which are much deeper incised than in the former species. A fairly common small tree fern on the ridge at about 6000-7000 ft. This species has also been collected in the Malay Peninsula (R.E.H.). C. (Alsophila) squamulata (Bl.) Copel.—Alsophila Ridleyi Baker.—Cyathea elliptica Copel. 1917: 51.—Gurulau spur (Cl. 10859). C. elliptica seems to me quite identical with the co-type of A. Ridleyi (Ridley 4401) in the Singapore Herbarium ; it is very slightly different from typical C. squamulata, and perhaps only young though fertile plants of it. A specimen from Tenompok (Cl., s.n.) is bipinnatifid only. This resembles Alsophila parvifolia Holttum from Sumatra in Vol. VII. (1934). 220 size, cutting, paleaceous stipe and rachis with bristles below, but is hardly that species. The costz have whitish bullate scales beneath, and no hairs. I have little doubt that it is a young fertile state of the form of C. squamulata described as C. elliptica Copel. C. (Alsophila) Burbidgei (Bak.) Copel.—Alsophila Mar- garethae Schroeter.—Cyathea mollis Copel. 1917: 52.— Gurulau spur (Tp. 1842, Cl. 10839), Tenompok (Cl. 29569), Dallas-Tenompok spur (Cl. 27741). Found in several places in Borneo, and I have the same from the Malay Peninsula: Negri Sembilan, Bukit Tangga (Herb. Singapore no. 11830). It is closely related to C. squamulata, but the rachises and ribs are more or less hirsute beneath. C. (Alsophila) ramispina (Hook.) Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 4C: 36. 1909. Alsophila ramispina Hook., Index.— A. glabra Baker 1879: 38.—A. amaiambitensis and A. Hallieri (not Rosenstock) v.A.v.R. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. II Ser. no. XXVIII: 1-2. 1918.—A. kenepaiana v.A.v.R. lc. III Ser. 2: 129. 1920.—Lumu Lumu to Kamborangah, abundant in forest on the ridge (H. 25457), ridges above Tenompok (Cl. 28850, 29491). This is the oldest known species of a special group of Alsophila of which several closely related species are now known, e.g. C. recommutata Copel, C. Kingit (Clarke) Copel., C. dimorpha Copel.; it is characterised by dark- coloured rachises, often much contracted fertile pinnules and by the presence of aphlebioid pinnz at the base of the stipes (these are however absent in C. Kingit). The group is, I think, most nearly related to the group of C. squamu- lata. Strangely enough, all species of Alsophila found in Madagascar belong to the same group. C. ramispina 1s known from Borneo only, but is there widespread. It. is variable, and it seems that each mountain has its own form, which I cannot, however, regard as distinct species. I refer to it all forms with not contracted fertile pinnules, with the rachises dark brown, not black, and with small bipinnate aphlebie which remain as branched spines when the pinnules are fallen. The form from Kinabalu is sub- bipinnate with the segments more spaced than in the type, the costules and midribs beneath with crowded, brown, sub-bullate scales. The aphlebize are at first green, but soon turn brown; those of the old leaf-bases persist and clothe the trunks of the larger ferns in a remarkable way. C. (Alsophila) recommutata Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 4C: 36. 1909.—Alsophila commutata Mett., C. Chr. Index.— Cyathea Toppingu Copel. 1917: 51.—Gurulau spur (Tp. 1824), in forest (H. 25408, Cl. 28266, 28596) .— Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 221 Sarawak: Mt. Penrissen (Brooks 60), Mt. Dulit (Mjo- berg). The specimens from Kinabalu are perfectly identical with those from Mt. Dulit, which I have compared with the type of A. commutata from Mt. Ophir (Cuming 396, Berlin) without being able to find any reliable differences between them. The species is very near C. ramispina, agreeing with it in texture, colour, and scales. The sterile pinne are hardly different, but the fertile pinnules are much contracted, often 5 mm. broad only, incised half-way into triangular obtuse toothed lobes with simple veins and small sori close to the midrib. I find another difference in the basal aphlebiz which are simply pinnate with the pinne soon dropping, leaving the lower portion of the rachis as strong, 2 to 3 cm. long, wnbranched spines. C. Hewittii Copel. from Bongo Range, Sarawak, is to me a form of the same species. C. paleacea Copel. 1917: 53.—Pakka to Lobang (Cl. 10726, Tp. 1669). A doubtful species, perhaps a dwarf form of C. Havi- landti, with the same dense vestiture of scales, but it is much smaller and bipinnatifid only or bipinnate with entire pinnules. From Copeland’s remarks and from examination of plants in the field I feel fairly certain that this is an immature form of C. Havilandii, which species is very abundant in the low open Leptospermum-Dacrydium forest on the ridge at about 9000 ft. altitude. The plants have very short erect stocks, never tall stems. I saw no evidence of the presence of a second species. Though Cyathea plants are not usually fertile until they have attained their full adult size and leaf-differentiation, I have come across cases in three different species of fertile plants with leaves only bipinnatifid (adult plants being bipinnate-tripinnatifid), and this may be a similar case (R.E.H.). C. Havilandii Baker 1894: 249.—C. rigida Copel. 1917: 53.—C. dulitensis Gepp p. 197.—s.l. (Haviland 1485), below Pakka, abundant in low forest on ridge (Gibbs 4280?, Tp. 1758, H. 25509, Cl. 27956, 29805). A very distinct species, known from Kinabalu only. Trunk short, stipe, rachis and all ribs clothed beneath with amass of brown scales. Stipe short, very stout, the lamina ovate, about 50 cm. long, 25 cm. wide, rigidly coriaceous. Gibbs 4280 is a scrap, certainly not C. dulitensis but probably this. C. megalosora Copel. 1917: 54.—Alsophila crinita Gepp p. 197, Cyathea crinita Copel. Keys 351.—Kamboran- gah to Pakka (Gibbs 4237), Pakka to Lobang (Tp. 1759), Silau basin at 8000 ft. (Cl. 29068, 29714). Vol. VII. (1934). 222 Near the Javanese Alsophila tomentosa Bl. but the scales entire, not woolly fimbriate, and the indusia large, persistent, thin. C. Korthalsii Mett—kKamborangah, by small stream (H. 25527), Silau basin 8000 ft. (Cl. 29712). New to Borneo. The specimen agrees, as to size, shape, scales, veins and sori, exactly with the type from Sumatra, so that I believe my identification is correct. It is a tall tree-fern | (to 30 feet), the leaves practically sessile on old plants, being narrowed below almost to the base of the stipe which is clothed with a mass of very narrow, pale brown, rather harsh scales. Younger plants have stipitate leaves. In general, not unlike C. latebrosa, but indusia persistent. €. (Alsophila) latebrosa (Wall.) Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 4C: 52. 1909. Alsophila Wall., C. Chr. Index.—Dallas to Koung, abundant in secondary forest (H. 25625), in forest, Tenompok (H. 25407), Dallas-Tenompok ridge (Cl. 27414, 28158). C. longipes Copel. 1917: 54.—Marei Parei spur (Cl. 10915), Penibukan ridge, in ridge forest (H. 25601). A distinct species, in its long-stalked pinnules super- ficially resembling C. polypoda but very different in its sharply serrate faleate segments. The slender stipe, which may attain 2 m. in length, is strongly muricate. C. (Alsophila) contaminans (Wall.) Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 4C: 60.—Alsophila glauca (Bl.) J. Sm., C. Chr. Index.—Cyathea celebica Gepp p. 197.—s.l. (Low), Kiau (Gibbs 3965, 3988, Cl. 10236, 10446), Dallas, abundant in valleys by streams (H. s.n., Cl. 26861), ridge above Koung at 3000 ft. (Cl. 29108). var. setulosa Hasskar] Journ. Bot. 7: 324. 1855.—Lobang, by stream 30 ft. tall (H. 25560). Ribs with long whitish hairs beneath. This form seems to be the commonest in Borneo, and some of the specimens quoted above (e.g. Gibbs 3988, =C. celebica Gepp) probably belong here. C. tripinnata Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 1 Suppl. 251. 1906; 4C : 39.—Tenompok (H. 25409, Cl. 27937, 28695, 29395, 28079). New to Borneo, known previously from the Philippines. Holttum’s specimen agrees very well with the type, differing a little in the rachis being slightly muricate, but the stipe is furnished with many black, short and sharp spines as in the type. The caudex is very stout and the voung fronds are covered with large pale chaffy scales. The species is totally different from the other tree-ferns of Kinabalu, but closely related to some other Malayan species, e.g. C. Teysmannii Copel. (C. celebica v.A.v.R.) which is Gardens Bulletin, S.S. ss 223 certainly the same as Alsophila ? celebica Mett. (t. sp. det. Mett.) but probably not C. celebica Bl. Copeland listed C. Teysmannii as a Kinabalu fern (Keys 350), but it is not in the collections received from him, so that I suppose his record is based on Gepp’s wrong identification of Gibbs 3988, which is C. contaminans. MATONIACE. Matonia Foxworthyi Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 3C: 3438, pl. 2. 1908.—Marei Parei ridge, edge of forest (H. 25619), below Kamborangah (Cl. 28460). All specimens from Borneo (Sarawak: Matang, Beccari, Hose 13; Santubong, Matthew; Mt. Poi, Foxworthy 372, 373, Mjéberg. Dutch Borneo: G. Klam, Hallier 2420) belong to this species, which must be regarded as a geographical variety of M. pectinata R. Br. The distinction of M. Foxworthyi from M. pectinata is not however so clear as Copeland supposed. When he described the former species he had for comparison only specimens of M. pectinata with short falcate segments. have since collected on G. Tahan, in the Malay Peninsula, specimens of Matonia which are very little different from Bornean specimens, equalling the latter in length of segments and number of sori (up to 6 on each side of the costa), differing only slightly in the segments being a little more attenuated and slightly more oblique. I obtained also other specimens intermediate between this large form and the commoner small one with rather short falcate segments. It is possible that large size may be connected with parti- cularly favourable growth conditions. It thus appears that M. pectinata in the Peninsula has a much greater range of variation than M. Foxworthyi, which never produces fronds with short oblique segments. Unfortunately Matonia plants are among the most difficult ferns to establish in cultivation, so that it will hardly be possible to verify the differences by cultivation together of plants from various localities. [R.E.H.] DICKSONIACE. DICKSONIA L’HERITIER. D. Blumei (Kze) Moore-—Tenompok to Lumu Lumu (H. 25445), Tenompok, flat place in dense jungle (Cl. 28734), Silau basin at 6000 ft. (Cl. 29055). New to Borneo. The Kinabalu form is rather different from the Javanese type and more nearly resembles the form occurring in the Philippines. It is a very stout tree fern, the stipes Vol. VII. (1934). 224 and rachis crinite with cylindrical, deep red-brown, long hairs (a brighter colour on the living plant, which is remarkably handsome), and all ribs beneath densely lanose with soft, pale brown hairs mixed with some cylindrical ones. Perhaps it is a distinct local species. | CIBOTIUM KAULFUSS. C. Cumingii Kunze var. arachnoideum C. Chr. n. var.—A typo Philippinense differt: majore, vix glaucescente, subtus ad costulas pilis longis tenuibus, plerisque antrorsis vel intertextis nec divaricatis instructa et ubique pilis brevibus, pallidis, crispatis arachnoidea, soris per laciniam sepissime 2—jugis. Dallas, abundant in old clearings (H. 25378, Cl. 26852), Dallas-Tenompok spur (Cl. 27740), ridge above Koung at 3000 ft. (Cl. 29162), falls above Lumu (Cl. 29672), Gurulau a (Gibbs 3999?=C. barometz Gepp p. 197, Copel, Keys I now consider C. Cumingii a good species which differs from the typical Chinese C. barometz by its hirsute axes and by only one pair of sori to each segment. The Kinabalu form is perhaps a distinct local species. CULCITA PRESL. Maxon, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12: 454. 1922. (Balantium auctt. Index, not Kaulfuss). C. Copelandii (Christ) Maxon, l.c., Dicksonia Copelandu Chr. Phil. Journ. Sci. 2C: 183. 1907, Balantiwm Cope- landi Chr. Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 8C: 301, 4C: 62, pl. 19; Keys 335.—Kiau (Tp. 1526, det. Copeland), Tenompok (Cl. 27742). Balantium pilosum Copel. Journ. Straits Br. R. Asiatic Soc. 63: 71. 1912 is very likely the same species, but I have seen no specimen for comparison. POLYPODIACEZ. PLAGIOGYRIA (KUNZE) METT. P. pycnophylla (Kze) Mett.—Pakka (Cl. 10590), in rock crevices, almost to summit (H. 25491, Cl. 28960), Low’s Peak, between rocks (Cl. 27043). P. tuberculata Copeland Phil. Journ. Sci. 1 Suppl. 153. 1906; 38: 391.—P. sumtrana Rosenst. in Fedde Repert. 13: 214. 1915.—P. subrigida v.A.v.R. Bull. Jard. bot. Buit. III Ser. 2: 163. 1920.—P. rotundipinnata Bonap. Notes Pterid. 14: 484. 1923.—P. pycnophylla_ var. integra subvar. stenophylla Bonap. |.c.—P. integri- pinnata Bonap. l.c. p. 60. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. Rear 225 I find in my notes to this species the locality Kinabalu, but unfortunately I have quoted no specimen. It is however highly probable that it occurs there, as it seems to be widely distributed in the Malayan region. I have compared all the types of the species quoted as synonyms and am sure that all belong to this species, which differs from P. pycnophylla by its entire pinne. P. glauca (Bl.) Mett.—Marei Parei ridge (Cl. 11070, H. s.n.), at 12000 ft. (Cl. 28885), Dachang (Cl. 29060), Upper Silau basin (Cl. 29716). This is apparently a rather high level species, but does not occur commonly on the main Kamborangah ridge. I only saw a few sterile plants at about 6000 ft. P. Clemensiz Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 38: 395. 1929.— Pakka (Cl. 10539, H. 25730), Silau basin at 10000 ft. (Cl. 29059), side of granite dome at 12000 ft. (Cl. 28961), Kamborangah (Cl. 28962). Intermediate between P. tuberculata and P. adnata, in colour and coriaceous texture like the former, but resem- bling the latter in having almost all pinne adnate and connected to the rachis by a wing. P. Clemensiae is however larger than P. adnata (up to 1 m. high) and much more robust, and is also marked by the very thick and flattened rachis. The specimen from Kamborangah is somewhat intermediate in character (see remarks under P. adnata). P. adnata (Bl.) Bedd.—‘from 7000 to 12000 ft., abundant where open and dry” (Gibbs 4112), above Tenompok, frequent in ridge forest (H. 25442, Cl. 27960, 28186). This species occurs only on the lower ridges, and is abundant at 5000 to 6000 ft. altitude. In the neighbour- hood of Pakka, at about 10000 ft., P. Clemensiae is fairly abundant, and extends upwards so far as there is continuous vegetation. But plants occur at intermediate altitudes all the way up the ridge, and some taken by Clemens at Kam- borangah (7000 ft.) are of a rather intermediate character, though nearer to P. Clemensiae. I noticed no sudden change as I went up the ridge, and it was only on reaching Pakka that I realised how much bigger the plants were than at lower elevations. It is probable that the two species are distinct enough, but that intermediate (hybrid?) forms occur. Miss Gibbs reached the top of the ridge at Kam- borangah, and it is probable that all plants seen by her were P. Clemensiae or intermediate forms, not true P. adnata. [R.E.H.]. — Vol. VII. (1934). 226 DIACALPE BLUME. D. aspidioides B].—Marei Parei spur (Gibbs 3108), Lobang (Cl. 10355), Silau basin, among rocks at 7000 ft. (Cl. 29046). ACROPHORUS PRESL. A. Blumei Ching nom. nov.—A. stipellatus C. Chr. part.— Aspidium nodosum Bl. (not Willd.).—Pakka, in forest near stream (H. 25499, Cl. 27753), Silau basin, among sheltered rocks at 7000 ft. (Cl. 29276, 29966), Kam- borangah (Cl. 28977), Tenompok (Cl. 288387). All forms of this genus have hitherto been referred to one species but I fully agree with Mr. Ching in segregating the much more finely divided Malayan form from the Himalayan one to which the name stipellatus must be confined; a new name for the Malayan form seems to be needed. It is well marked by several good characters, e.g. the 4—pinnate frond with very small ultimate pinnules, the distinct indusia, the prickly rachises ete. STENOLEPIA v.A.V.R. S. tristis (Bl.) v.A.v.R. Bull. Dep. Ag. Ind. Néerl. 27: 45. 1909.—St. John’s Peak, 13100 ft., far under a rock (Cl. 27958, a very dwarfed specimen), Lumu trail at 7000 ft.? (Cl. 27946), on granite dome among shrubs, at 12000 ft. (Cl. 27049A). This is a very interesting discovery, the species having been known previously only from high mountains in Java. The Kinabalu specimens are all very small, the largest whole frond not much bigger than a pinna of a typical specimen from Java. MONACHOSORUM KUNZE. M. subdigitatum (Bl.) Kuhn.—Gurulau spur (Gibbs 3111, 4092), Marei Parei ridge (Cl. 10912), below Kam- borangah, on ground, rocky place in forest (H. 25544), falls above Lumu, among rocks (Cl. 29938, 29967). DENNSTAADTIA BERNHARDI. D. rufidula C. Chr. n. sp.—Rhizomate breve repente, gla- brescente, stipitibus approximatis. Stipite ad 30 cm. longo, cum rachi brunneo, pilis brevibus, articulatis dense (parte rachis superiore densissime) villoso et pilis delapsis rugoso. Lamina lanceolata, ad 70 cm. longa infra medium 25-30 ecm. lata, versus basi aliquot angustata, versus apicem sensim attenuata, firmiter herbacea, in siccitate rufidula, utrinque (presertim infra) pilis articulatis, subcrispatis dense villosa, bipinnata. Pinnis alternis, sessilibus, 2-3 cm. inter se Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 227 remotis, maximis 20 cm. longis (infimis 6-7 cm.), 3.5 cm. latis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, latere acroscopico paulo quam basiscopico latiore inzeqilater alibus. Pin- nulis ca. 30—-jugis, alternis, 4 mm. inter se remotis, patentibus, maximis lateris superioris 2.3 cm. longis (basali superiore paulo longiore), 5 mm. vel paulo ultra latis, basi decurrentibus, antice excisis, obtusis, pro- funde pinnatifidis, lobis 6-8 utroque latere, oblongis, integris, marginibus subreflexis, acroscopicis quam basiscopicis paulo longioribus (presertim basali). Venis indistinctis, intra marginem in hydathodas terminantibus. Soris prope sinus inter loborum positis, plerumque sub pilis occultis, indusiis poculi- formibus, sepe reflexis. KINABALU: near Tenompok, on shady bank by bridle path (H. 25298, type in Herb. C. Chr.; Cl. 26827, 27465, 26977). Plate 51. A very distinct new species, only to be compared with the Himalayan D. appendiculata (Wall.) J. Sm., but not so deeply cut and wholly peculiar in its densely villous fronds. D. ampla (Bak.) Bedd.—Tenompok, frequent in forest near streams (H. 25406, Cl. 28341, 28281, 29435, 29602). D. scabra (Wall.) Moore var. tenuisecta C. Chr. n. var.— A typo differt: segmentis ad 4 mm. longis et haud 1 mm. latis, distantibus. The rhizome is densely covered with rusty brown hairs 2-3 mm. long; the stipe finely scabrous, dark purplish at the base, 50 cm. long; the frond 45 cm. long and 20 cm. wide; the rachis light castaneous, fading to yellowish above, polished and slightly scabrous. The basal (largest) pinnze are 18 cm. long and 9 cm. wide. The ultimate segments are separated by their own width, about 4 mm. long and less than 1 mm. wide, the veins raised beneath, and the texture firmer than that of the type. Kamborangah (H. 25520). Only two plants found, with one fertile leaf. D. cuneata (J. Sm.) Moore——D. gomphophylla (Bak.) C. Chr.—Lobang (Tp. 1782), near Tenompok (H. 25289, Cl. 26976). The type of D. gomphophylla from Mt. Matang, Sarawak (Hose 11, Kew) agrees with type of D. cuneata var. obtusa Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 7C: 63. 1912, which variety “it is not worth while to try to distinguish” (Copel. Keys 324). Copeland, following v.A.v.R., distinguished D. gomphophylla from D. cuneata by its scandent or twining frond, but neither Baker nor Hose describes it as twining and the type specimen has not the appearance of being so. The fronds of the Kinabalu form are erect, pale green, 4 m. Vol. VII. (1934). 228 high, the rhizome stout (2.5 cm. diameter), creeping. It is a very striking fern, and evidently not abundant on Kinabalu. MICROLEPIA PRESL. M. Hookeriana (Wall.) Presl—Nephrolepis (?) marginalis Copel. 1917: 49.—Gurulau spur (Tp. 1632, Herb. Copel.), near Dallas, terrestrial in forest (H. 25138), Tenompok (Cl. 30460, 28092, 27950, 27407). Holttum’s more complete specimen, exactly matching the type of N. marginalis, agrees so well with specimens from Himalaya and Tonkin that at best it can be distinguished as a geographical variety, chiefly differing from the type by the lack of long setaceous hairs on the ribs beneath; the under side is however not quite glabrous but furnished with very short scattered hairs. The pinne are also less distinctly auriculate. The creeping rhizome is densely clothed with red-brown hairs as in other species of the genus, not scaly as in Nephrolepis. According v.A.v.R., M. Hookeriana has been found in Sumatra and Java; previously it was known from North-eastern India to South-east China and Tonkin. Microlepia phanerophlebia (Bak.) C. Chr., from the latter country, where it seems to be common, is to me the same species. M. Ridleyi Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 11C: 39. 1916.—near Tenompok, terrestrial (H. 25296, Cl. 26978, 26979, 27527 part). New to Borneo. The specimen agrees with another from Pahang (Burkill 16699), received from Singapore under this name, but I am not at all sure that it may be distinguished from M. majuscula Lowe, to which I have referred a specimen from Sarawak (Lundu, Hose 314, at Kew), but which is probably the same. It differs chiefly from other species of the group by its almost completely glabrous fronds. M. strigosa (Thbg.) Presl—Gurulau spur (Tp. 1832), near Lobang, in forest near river (H. 25564), near Tenompok (Cl. 27907). Microlepia manilensis Pr.—Tenompok (Cl. 27527 pt., 28175, 28236, 28570, 28683, 29683, H. 25381), Falls above Lumu (Cl. 29941). Like all big species of this genus, M. manilensis is very variable in the degree of cutting, which depends largely on the age of the individual and the size of the fronds. The species is well marked by the slightly hairy frond, and especially by the large sori with persistent cup-shaped indusia. This is an abundant species at Tenompok, in wet places on the edge of the forest, and attains a very large size; specimens collected by Clemens are described as 3 to 4 Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 229 metres high. Young plants of a much smaller size may also be fully fertile. M. spelunce (L.) Moore var. villosissima C. Chr. Gard. Bull. S.S. 4: 399. 1929.—Kabayau, grassy slopes by rest-house (Cl. 27672), Dallas, ravine (Cl., s.n.). HYPOLEPIS BERNHARDI. H. punctata (Thbg.) Mett. (Dryopteris, Index) .—Dallas to Tenompok, on bank by edge of forest (H. 25299, Cl. 26980), Tenompok (Cl. 29497), Kundasang (Cl. 29239, 29110).—New to Borneo. In all essential characters typical, but very much larger than East-Asiatic specimens; frond 2 m. high, the pinnie to 45 cm. long. H. tenuifolia (Forst.) Bernh.—Kamborangah, edge of river, in a dense fern thicket (H. 25535). The only Bornean specimen seen by me. It is very like the commonest Polynesian form which differs from H. punctata chiefly by the much larger and persistent false indusia. This species has often been recorded from Malaya and continental Asia, but most specimens so named belong either to H. punctata or other species; é.g., a specimen from Pahang (G. Tahan, Holttum 20753) which I identify with H. bivalvis v.A.v.R. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. II Ser. no. XVI: 19. 1914, from G. Sago, Sumatra (Matthew 700). H. Brooksie v.A.v.R. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. II Ser. no. XXVIII: 29. 1918.—Tenompok, in clearing (H. 25411, Cl. 29485, 28366, 27789, 26809). New to Borneo, previously known from Sumatra and the Peninsula. Stipe and rachises spiny, sparsely hairy, soon glabrous; lamina much firmer in texture than the two former species, brown when dried. Resembling this species in texture, colour, and cutting is H. tenuifolia Copel. Keys: 331 from Pakka (Tp. 1671), the axes however are not spiny but minutely and densely rugose with small raised points, and densely pubescent with short reddish articulated hairs. _ It may be a distinct species approaching H. rugulosa (Lab.) J. Sm. or a high-alpine form of H. Brooksiae. PASSIA St. HILAIRE. P. radula (Bak.) C. Chr.—Below Pakka, open place on ridge (H. 25474, Cl. 27957), Granite dome, sheltered place, 11000 ft. (Cl. 28974), Silau basin, on rock at 7000 ft. (Cl. 29047). New to Borneo, known previously from Sumatra and recently also found in Celebes (Kjellberg 3576). This has nothing to do with the supposed species of Copeland (Keys 3831) which is the same as Davallia Baker, transferred by me to Sphenomeris, which see. Vol. VII. (1934). D 230 PTERIDIUM GLEDITSCH. P. esculentum (Forst.) C. Chr. comb. nov.—P. aquilinum subsp. esculentum C. Chr. Index.—Dallas, abundant in old clearings (H. 25377, Cl. 28156), Kundasang (Cl. 29107): This is to me as good a species as most others; it is found in several places in Borneo, which is interesting because it belongs to the southern element which is sparsely represented in the Bornean fern flora, e.g. by Schizaea fistulosa and the species of Blechnum § Lomaria. P. esculentum extends northwards to Cambodia. A form of P. aquilinum also occurs in Borneo. DAVALLODES COPELAND. D. borneense (Hk.) Copel. Keys: 336. 1917. Dryoptertst borneensis O. Ktze., C. Chr. Index (with synonymy) .— Davallia nephrodioides Bak., C. Chr. Index; Humata. nephrodioides v.A.v.R. Handb. 295; Leucostegia nephrodioides Copel. Keys 336; Davallodes nephro- — dioides Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 34: 249. 1927. KINABALU: (Cl. 10322), Kadamaian river, on rocks near Menetendok gorge (H. 25573, Cl. 29562). Sarawak: often collected. Dutch Borneo: W. Keetai, Long Hut (Endert 2620). New Guinea: Sattelberg (Keysser 17). The type-specimens of Hooker’s Lastrea borneensis and Baker’s Davallia nephrodioides are to me fully identical. D. Burbidgei C. Chr. n. sp.—D. hirsuto Copel. similis, a qua specie differt: Lamina versus basin longe et grada- tim attenuata, stipite 2-10 cm. solum longo, indusiis. angustis cylindricis, 0.5 mm. longis, ore recte abscisso vix dilatato, parce ciliato vel glabro, lateribus toto connatis. Lamina lanceolata, ad 60 cm. longa, medio: 7-14 cm. lata. Indusii formatione D. grammatosoro Copel. similis, differt: lamina longe attenuata, characteribus aliis vix a D. hirsuto diversa. KINABALU: Koung (Burbidge, Kew; Davallia ciliata. Baker 1879: 39; 1894: 251; Hose p. 46), Kadamaian river, on trees (H. 25567). Sarawak: Mt. Bengkarum (Brooks). Dutch Borneo: Liang gagang (Hallier 2774). This very distinct species was described in MS before Copeland published his monograph of the genus (Phil. Journ. Sci. 34: 242. 1927). He there described a new species from New Guinea, D. dolichosorum, which shows. the same essential characters as our species, but it is. practically glabrous while D. Burbidgei is furnished with rather many slender hairs on the ribs beneath. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 231 LEUCOSTEGIA PRESL. L. hymenophylloides (Bl.) Bedd. (Davallia Index, Araioste- gia Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 34: 241. 1927).—Lobang (Cl. 10351, 10388), Tenompok, on trees, frequent and varying much in size (H. 25858, Cl. 28545, 28097, 29230, 27121), Silau basin, rock in river bed at 7000 ft. (Cl. 28446). This species is the type of Copeland’s new genus Araiostegia, which should probably be adopted, but I am not sure that all species referred to it by him are congeneric. L. immersa (Wall.) Pr.—Falls above Lumu, in gorge, epiphyte, at 7000 ft. (Cl. 29982). HUMATA CAVANILLES. H. repens (L. fil.) Diels—H. intermedia C. Chr.—below Dallas, on trees by stream (H. 25725), top of Mene- tendok gorge (Cl. 29626), above Dallas (Enriquez 18108). | To this species I refer most forms with the fertile leaves not contracted and as a whole like the sterile ones. Besides the typical form with broadly deltoid, pinnatifid leaves or at best the basal pinne free, which also occurs in the Malagassian region, we find in Malaya a number of rather different forms, large and small, e.g. H. intermedia (Da- vallia pinnatifida Bak.) from Niah, Sarawak (Hose 179, Kew) with the fronds elongate and less broadly deltoid, pinnatifid to the base, the basal segments slightly incised. Another form of H. repens is, I think, H. Brooksii Copel., Phil. Journ. Sci. 7C: 64. 1912, from Mt. Poi, Sarawak (Brooks 134, Mjéberg), which also is less deltoid but fully pinnate in the lower half, the free pinne deeply pinnatifid. Holttum’s specimens from Kinabalu are large, rather scaly, and pinnate below, thus approaching H. Brooksii. They are almost exactly matched by specimens from the Malay Peninsula. Clemens 29626, from a similar altitude, is much smaller (fronds only 3.5 em. long). Probably nutrition, exposure and age have much influence on the form of the leaves of this species. There may be local races, but they do not appear to be clearly distinct. H. alpina (Bl.) Moore?—s.]. (Haviland 1491), Marei Parei ridge (Cl. 11071), near Kamborangah, in low forest (H. 25724),Tenompok (Cl. 268102). The specimens quoted would no doubt formerly have been named H. alpina, but I am now not at all sure that they belong to that species; I am rather inclined to believe that they are small forms of the following species (H. kinabaluensis), from which they differ by being more dimorphous and having much broader sori. Typical H. Vol. VII. (1934). 232 alpina is a small fern with more or less dimorphous, deltoid bipinnatifid leaves, the fertile segments usually with a tooth protruding beyond the sorus. It seems that Copeland has confounded H. repens and H. alpina; several specimens named by him H. repens should in my opinion be referred to H. alpina, and rather typical forms of repens he has called intermedia. H. kinabaluensis Copel. 1917: 48.—Pakka (Tp. 1745), near Tenompok on old tree trunk (H. 25295, Cl. 27607), Silau basin 6000-9000 ft. (Cl. 29063). Near H. alpina, and it is possible that the specimens quoted under that species are small forms of this. It is more decidedly dimorphous, the leaves deltoid-elongate, rather densely scaly beneath with red-brown ovate scales, bipinnatifid or bipinnate below, the largest sterile leaf seen 12 by 6 cm., with stipe 7 em. long; the secondary segments oblong to obovate, 3 mm. wide, entire below the faintly crenate and broadly obtuse apex, decurrent at base; fertile frond contracted with 3 to 6 sori to each secondary segment without protruding teeth. This typical form resembles the Polynesian H. botrychioides Brack. more than any other Malayan one. To HW. kinabaluense I refer with a little doubt some specimens from Pahang: G. Berumban (Hen- derson 17989) and G. Tahan (H. 20733). var. subvestita C. Chr. n. var.—Much larger than the type, sterile and fertile fronds of the same size (stipe 10-12 cm., lamina 13-17 by 8-10 cm.), the basal pinne much the largest, the fertile secondary segments or pinnules serrate with up to 10-12 sori each. Lobang, on tree in open place (H. 25549). Sarawak: Mt. Murud (Mjéberg). In size and habit this form resembles more nearly H, vestita (Bl.) Moore, to which I have previously referred it, but after a comparison with an authentic specimen of that species at Kew I have arrived at the conclusion that it is a rather large form of H. kinabaluensis, with which it agrees in all important characters. H. vestita differs in its somewhat more dissected fronds, acute segments, and especially in its much smaller sori, usually with a protrud- ing tooth, thinner texture and dark veins. Intermediate between these large forms is H. puberula Copel., Phil. Journ. Sci 7C: 64. 1912, from Mt. Penrissen, Sarawak (Brooks 135, Mjoberg). It is described as hairy, but the “hairs” are evidently a parasitic black fungus which is often found on coriaceous tropical ferns. No species of the genus has true hairs. : | Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 233 DAVALLIA SMITH. D. Lorrainii Hance.—Kundasan, on tree (Cl. 29105).— Dutch Borneo: W. Koetai, Kemoel, (Endert 1925 no. 3604). These are the first records of the species in Borneo. It has been collected previously in the Peninsula and the Philippines. The specimens from Luzon (Loher 1115, Elmer 6490) and Mindanao (Elmer 10690) were all distri- buted as D. bullata, which resembles D. Lorranw in size and division; the latter species however is very different in its linear densely fringed rhizome scales, in which character it agrees very closely with D. trichomanoides Bl. (syn. D. dissecta J. Sm., Ind. Fil., under which name it 1s much cultivated), and the species may be identical. D. Lobbiana Moore—Tenompok (Cl. 26856, sterile; 26892).—Bettotan near Sandakan (Boden Kloss 19093). I doubt if this is a good species, and think it to be probably a local form of D. divaricata, differing a little in its less decompound fronds (at best tripinnate) ‘and its shorter and broader indusia. Probably D. Lobbiana will prove to be identical with D. decurrens Hk., but as this is not certain I prefer to use here the former name, originally given to a Bornean plant. D. embolostegia Copel.—Pakka to Lobang (Tp. 1747, 1780), near Tenompok (H. 25415, Cl. 26145, 26856 fertile only, 27120, 27790, 27803), Silau basin at 7000 ft. (CI. 29051). The indusia on some fronds are narrow with a long rostrum, on others broader with a short rostrum; it appears bie way latter condition is found only in fully mature ronds. TAPEINIDIUM (Pr.) C. CHR. T. pinnatum (Cav.) C. Chr.—Gurulau spur (Gibbs 3979, t. Gepp. an seq.?), Penibukan ridge, frequent in forest on ridge top (H. 25603). T. biserratum (Bl.) v.A.v.R. Handb. Suppl. 509. 1917.— Davallia biserrata et gracilis Bl—D. luzonica Hook.— D. Hoset Baker Journ. of Bot. 1888: 323; Leucostegia Hoset Copel. Keys 336.—Davallia oligophlebia Baker Le., Tapeinidium oligophlebium C. Chr. Index.—Guru- lau spur (Tp. 1621, 1826), Lobang, on steep rocky slope in forest (H. 25546), Bungal (Cl. 27839), Tenompok (Cl. 28350). _ An extremely variable species, referred by almost all writers to T. pinnatum as a variety. All its forms differ however in several important characters from typical Vol. VII. (1934). 234 pinnatum, e.g., the dark green deltoid leaves and more or less incised pinnze, the basal ones often very much pro- longed. T. oligophlebiwm is, I think, only a dwarfed form. SPHENOMERIS Maxon, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 144. 1918. S. chinensis (L.) Maxon l.c—Odontosoria Index, Copel, Keys 343.—Koung (Burbidge), Kaningau plain (Gibbs 2976), Kiau (Tp. 1506), Ridge above Bungal (Cl. 29161), Dallas (H. s.n.). Exceedingly abundant on the steep banks beside the briddle paths. S. Veitchii (Bak.) C. Chr. comb. nov. Davallia Veitchu Baker 1879: 39; Copel. Keys 340.—Paesia? sp. Copel. Keys 331.—s.l. (Burbidge), Marei Parei spur (Tp. 1876). A remarkable fern, mostly resembling a finely cut S. chinensis, with a similar creeping rhizome clothed with cylindrical castaneous, septate hairs. Stipe up to 35 cm., glossy, glabrous as the whole leaf, lamina coriaceous, lanceo- late or deltoid-oblong, 30—40 cm. long, 4—pinnate, the largest pinne 10 cm. long, deltoid, ultimate segments under 1 mm. wide, thick, often cleft at the apex, with a single vein. Sori one to each segment, very like those of Trichomanes, cam- panulate or turbinate, immersed and free at the mouth only, about 1 mm. long. SCHIZOLOMA GAUDICHAUD. S. Jamesonioides (Bak.) Copel.—s.]. (Burbidge, type), Marei Parei ridge (Haviland 1495, Gibbs 4061, Cl. 10909, 11063, H. 25607). In rock crevices in a fully exposed place on the open ridge, the young fronds bright red. S. induratum (Bak.) C. Chr. is said to have been collected on Kinabalu by Haviland (Hose, p. 49), but as it is not in Stapf’s list the record is doubtful. LINDSAYA DRYANDER. Most species of this difficult genus found on Kinabalu were dealt with by Holttum in his paper: The genus Lindsaya in the Malay Peninsula, Gard. Bull. 8.8. 5: 58-71. 1930, to which I refer in the following. The identification of some species is due to Holttum. L. plumula Ridl. Journ. Mal. Br. R. Asiatic Soc. 4: 22. aeEah ee Silau creek, on rocks in stream (Cl. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 235 This matches very closely the type of the species, which was found on G. Tahan in the Malay Peninsula at about the same altitude and growing under exactly similar conditions. L. concinna J. Sm., Hook. Spec. Fil. 1: 205 pl. 61B.— L. gracilis p.p. C. Chr. Index.—Koung to Kiau (Tp. 1504, Cl. 9891). L. scandens Hook., Holttum l.c. 62 (incl. L. lancea auctt. as to Malayan plants, Copel. Keys 342).—L. pectinata Baker 1879: 40.—s.]. (Burbidge), Marei Parei ridge (Tp. 1871). I agree in considering the Malayan L. lancea to be a bipinnate form of L. scandens, although that keen pteri- dologist, the late Prof. Hieronymus, in his last paper (Hedwigia 62: 14. 1920) segregated it from the true American L. lancea as a distinct species, L. parasitica Wall. L. pectinata Bl., Holttum l.c. 62.—Gurulau spur (Gibbs 4001, doubtful), Tenompok-Lumu Lumu (H. 25435), Marei Parei ridge (H. 25608), Tenompok (Cl. 28597). The earliest leaves of this species, so far as I was able to see, always resemble the later ones in form (thought not in size); they are not finely dissected as are those of L. repens. L. repens (Bory?) Bedd., Holttum l.c. 63.—Lobang to Kiau (Tp. 1807), Gurulau spur (Tp. 1841), near Dallas, on rocks by stream and on trees (H. 25145), Tenompok (Cl. 28266, 27189, 29507, 26651), Lumu Lumu to Kamborangah (Cl. 28002). I fear that the specific name usually given to this common Malayan species must be changed, because the original Dicksonia repens Bory from Réunion is no doubt quite another species, near L. cultrata. The rhizomes of the Malayan plants produce finely dissected bathyphylls, which look different in different specimens, indicating perhaps that “L. repens” is really an aggregate. L. tenera Dryander, Holttum l.c. 64.—L. orbiculata var. C. Chr. Index.—L. gomphophylla Bak. (t. sp. orig. Kew).—Near Dallas, in forest (H. 25149, 26895). L. borneensis Hook., Holttum l.c. 65.—Marei Parei ridge (Tp. 1851). L. diplosora v.A.v.R. Bull. Jard. bot. Buit. II Ser. no. XVI: 21. 1914—_Lumu Lumu to Kamborangah, on bases of trees in open mossy forest on ridge (H. 25459, Cl. 27061, 28001, 28963). New to Borneo. Described from Sumatra: G. Singgalang (Matthew 523!). var. acrosora C. Chr. n. var.—Larger than the typical form of the species (pinnz to 25 cm. long), herbaceous, and the narrower pinnules constantly monosorous. Vol. VII. (1934). 236 Marei Parei ridge (Cl. 11045).—Sarawak: Mt. Tibang, 1400-1700 m. (Mjoéberg, type, in Herb. C. Chr.). Dutch Borneo: W. Kutai, Kemul (Endert 4367). L. diplosora belongs to a small group of bipinnate, Malayan species with free or occasionally anastomosing veins, wide-creeping, cylindrical, brown and glossy, asperu- lous rhizome, and terete stipes. The oldest known species is L. rigida J. Sm. from the Peninsula, which is marked by coriaceous leaves with much thickened margins and promin- ent veins; the pinnules are usually monosorous with a single sorus at the tip, but sometimes with two or three sori. Such a form is L. triplosora v.A.v.R., l.c., from G. Sago, Sumatra (Matthew 686!) and W. Kutai, Kemul, Borneo (Endert 4267), which is less coriaceous with the veins hardly raised, but otherwise like L. rigida, and in my opinion not speci- ficially different. Very near, perhaps too near, L. rigida is L. monosora Copel. in Elmer’s Leaflets 2: 398..1908, from Negros; L. monosora Rosenst. Nova Guinea 8: 720 (syn. L. monocarpa C. Chr. Index Suppl. 49. 19138) is identical, and has recently been found also in Celebes (Kjellberg D071). L. monosora differs from L. rigida chiefly in its much narrower and less coriaceous pinnules which are constantly monosorous; their margins are _ distinctly thickened, and I am inclined to think this a shade-form of L. rigida. From all these L.' diplosora, with its variety, differs by its more ascending pinne and especially by the thin margins and rather thin texture. H. 25459 is exactly like the type, the broadly truncate pinnules with two sori (or occasionally only one). Var. acrosora is different in the characters mentioned above. The veins of both forms are free, by which character the variety differs from L. longissima Christ, a species of the same group with pinne up to 60 cm. long. Whether all these forms are really specifically different must be decided by studies in the field. It seems probable to me that the differences between them may ‘be due to different habitat conditions. L. decomposita Willd., Holttum |.c. 66.—Marei Parei spur (Gibbs 3079?), Lobang (Cl. 10362), Kamborangah, in valley forest (H. 25729). This species is here taken in its wide sense. The two specimens seen are not quite identical, but they cannot properly be referred to any species described by Holttum. No. 25729 is near the type as I understand it, having narrow indusia which are rather remote from the edge of the lobe. L. recurvata Wall., Holttum l.c. 66.—below Dallas, on shady bank by stream (H. 25132, Cl. 27267), Dallas-Tenom- pok ridge (Cl. 27744?). The smaller fronds have quite Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 237 entire and obtuse pinne; the basal pinne of the larger fronds are lobed into 4 or 5 segments. Cl. 27744 may be distinct species; it has the decurved pinne not more than 1 cm. long. L. nitida Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 6C: 188, pl. 21. 1911.— Marei Parei spur (Tp. 1866), Penibukan ridge (H. 25602). The simply pinnate form of this species, I think; in Sarawak pinnate and bipinnate fronds seem to be equally frequent. Iam inclined to believe that it is not specifically different from L. nitens and that L. integra Holttum l.c. 67 may be a form of the same. L. nitida differs from L. integra by its not ascending pinne; from L. recurvata by its smaller pinne (14 by 6 mm.); and from both by its shining upper surface. L. kinabaluensis Holttum sp. nov.—Rhizomate breve repente, stipitibus approximatis, 4~-angulatis, strami- neis vel subcastaneis. - Frondibus plantarum juvenilum pinnatis, stipitibus 6 cm. longis; frondibus plantarum adultarum bipinnatis, stipitibus ad 20 cm. longis. Lamina frondium pinnatarum ad 14 cm. longa 2 cm. lata; pinnis c. 25—jugis, infimis maximis, recurvatis, margine superiore lobatis, ceteris integris, superioribus apicem versus sensim reductis, medialibus triangulatis, margine inferiore curvata adscendente, margineé superiore fere horizontale, ad 10 mm. longis, basi ad 5 mm. latis, apice anguste rotundatis; venis reticulatis, areolis 2-seriatis, areolis inferioribus c¢. 6; soris continuis marginem superiorem totam occupantibus (pinnis inferioribus lobatis exceptis) ; indusiis angustis crispatis. Pinnis frondium bipinnatarum 1-3-jugis, maximis 9 cm. longis 1 cm. latis, pinnulis 25—30-jugis, superioribus sensim reductis, ceteris subtriangularis vel trapezoideis, maximis 5 mm. longis, basi 4 mm. latis, margine inferiore leviter adscendente, margine Superiore fere horizontale apicem versus decurvata, apice anguste vel late rotundata vel subtruncata; venis paucis, anastomosantibus vel liberis (soris exceptis) ; rhachi 4—angulato, supra canaliculato. KINABALU: Dallas (Cl. 27744, simply pinnate stage), Tenompok (H. 25433, bipinnate fronds). A member of the group of L. decomposita, with very small pinnules. Though the collections of juvenile and adult fronds were made separately, there is little doubt that they represent the same species. The simply pinnate fronds are fully fertile. The same condition is found in L. recurvata and other species; always the pinnules on the bipinnate fronds are smaller than the pinne of the juvenile simply Vol. VII. (1934). 238 pinnate fronds, the veins fewer, and anastomosis conse- quently less. If it should happen that I am wrong in regarding the two collections here cited as being forms of the same species, the bipinnate specimen should constitute the type of L. kinabaiuensis. (R.E.H.). L. davallioides Bl.—Tenompok, near stream in forest (H. 25408, Cl. 28215). Smaller leaves simply pinnate, larger tripartite. L. parallelogramma y.A.v.R. Bull. Jard. bot. Buit. III Ser. 5: 212. 1922. Holttum l.c. 70.—Dahoban¢g rivera forest above river (H. 25597). Though closely allied to L. davallioides, I believe this species is distinct. It has quite a different aspect in the field, and in specimens seen by me the degree of dissection and the venation are reasonably constant. (R.E.H.). L. crispa Baker 1879: 39; Ic. Plant. 1627.—L. impressa Chr.—s.]. (Burbidge, type), Tenompok, in forest (H. 25420, Cl. 28645), near Lobang. (H. 257287?).— Sarawak: Mt. Dulit (Mjoéberg). Dutch Borneo: Amai Ambit (Hallier 3137). This very distinct species was described and illustrated by Baker from incomplete specimens consisting mainly of short pinnate leaves; there is also however a fragment of a frond on a stipe 22 cm. long, not mentioned by Baker, which proves that L. impressa Chr. is the same species. As neither Baker’s nor Christ’s description is adequate I give a new one from Holttum’s complete specimen. The short creeping rhizome bears a rosette of simply pinnate leaves, up to 25 em. long by 3 to 3.5 em. wide, the stipe 5-6 cm. long, quadrangular, brownish (or strami- neous) ; pinne numerous, close, alternate, sessile, dimidiate, subrectangular, the largest 2.5 to 2.7 cm. long, 4 mm. wide, the lower edge straight or decurved, the inner truncate, the upper irregularly dentate, the apex subtruncate, dentate, texture thinly herbaceous, veins somewhat raised above, impressed beneath making the pinne wrinkled, anasto- mosing and forming a row of oblique areoles above the much thickened costuliform lower margin; in smaller leaves the veins are free or only occasionally united. These smaller leaves are sometimes fertile with short sori at the tips of the teeth (not in Holttum’s specimen). Among these leaves one or two normal fertile ones are raised on reddish-brown terete stipes up to 30 cm. long, the lamina bipinnate with 1-2 pairs of lateral ascending pinne, 10 cm. long, the terminal pinna 15 ecm. long by 2.5 em wide, lanceolate, acuminate, rachis reddish, quadrangular, with all 4 angles raised and sharp; the pinnules dimidiate, triangular, 1.5 cm. long, 4-5 mm. wide at the truncate base, gradually narrowed from the base to the acute point, the lower edge Gardens Bulletin, S.S. tu ' 4 i AD oe 1 | A os u | ie Mi LEE ORS OL orem ney 1. ee 239 straight, the upper entire, the veins united as in the smaller leaves but not rarely free, not nearly so impressed (or not at all) as in the sterile fronds, the pinnules, therefore, not folded into wrinkles; all pinnules fertile with one continuous (rarely interrupted) marginal sorus along the upper edge, which like the indusium is undulate. L. crispa is a unique species of doubtful relationship ; I do not know any species resembling it. It is known from Borneo only. TANITIS WILLDENOW. T. blechnoides (Willd.) Sw.—Dallas (Cl. 27218), Peni- bukan ridge (H., s.n.). OLEANDRA CAVANILLES. QO. oblanceolata Copeland, Phil. Journ. Sci. 7C: 64. 1912.— Marei Parei spur (Cl. 11053), near Lumu Lumu, in ridge forest (H. 25723), above Lumu, on fallen tree (Cl. 27210), Tenompok (Cl. 28763), Dallas-Tenompok ridge (Cl. 28337). Very doubtfully different from O. colubrina (Blanco) Copel. I have seen some Bornean specimens which are ues between the two species recognised by Cope- and. NEPHROLEPIS SCHOTT. N. radicans (Burm.) Kuhn.—Dallas, East ravine (Cl. 27297, sterile). N. acuminata (Houtt.) Kuhn.—Gurulau spur (Cl. 10774), Dallas (Cl. 26925), Tenompok (Cl. 28065). N. hirsutula (Forst.) Pr.—Kundasang (Cl. 29241). N. barbata Copel.—Menetendok gorge (Cl. 29548). This matches perfectly Copeland’s type from Mindanao. It is a new record for Borneo. The species also occurs in the Malay Peninsula, having been reported previously as N. exaltata. It always grows on rocks and trees, with often very long pendulous fronds, rather pale green in colour. ARTHROPTERIS J. SMITH. A. obliterata (R. Br.) J. Sm.—Dallas-Tenompok trail, climbing tree (Cl. 27383), Tenompok (Cl. 29568). CYSTODIUM J. SMITH. C. sorbifolium (Sm.) J. Sm.—Saccoloma C. Chr. Index.— Kabayau to Koung in forest by stream (Tp. 1501, H. 25106, Cl. 27677). Vol. VII. (1934). 240 DRYOPTERIS ADANSON. The species of this large genus are arranged below according to the classification in my monograph of the genus,* in which the American species only are dealt with. It appears, however, that most species of the Old World naturally fall under the subgenera there defined, but it seems to me more natural to unite as a special section or subgenus, Abacopteris, certain species (chiefly Malayan) which would fall into the subgenus Cyclosorus, if this were taken in a wide sense. Abacopteris may be said to represent in Asia the American subgenus Goniopteris. SUBGENUS LASTREA (Bory) EMEND. C. CHR. D. gracilescens (Bl.) O. Ktze—Tenompok, in forest, rhizome short-creeping (H. 25384), Lumu trail, 6000 it. (CLAS noe Differs a little from the Javanese type in its long stipe (up to 35 cm.) ; otherwise typical. All veins are simple, and it differs thereby from D. Creaghw (Bak.) C. Chr. from British North Borneo (Kew!), which is very similar to, and in my opinion the same as, D. Dayi (Bedd.) C. Chr. from the Peninsula, which again is very doubtfully different from the Sumatran D. singalanensis (Bak.) C. Chr. (syn. D. aureo-viridis Rosenst. in Fedde Repert. 13: 216. 1914). D. viscosa (J. Sm.) O. Ktze.—Nephrodium gymnopodum Bak. 1894: 252; Dryopteris C. Chr., Copel Keys 358.— D. kinabaluensis Copel. 1917: 57.—D. Ridleyi (Bedd.) C. Chr.—s.l. (Haviland 1486, type of D. gymnopoda), Marei Parei ridge (Cl. 11086), Pakka, in open forest on ridge (Tp. 1719, type of D. kinabaluensis; H. 25512, Cl. 27971, 29333), Kamborangah (Cl. 28964), Dachang at 10000 ft. (Cl. 29066). I have tried in vain to distinguish from D. viscosa the species quoted as synonyms. D. viscosa is widely distri- buted in the Malayan region and fairly constant as to its most prominent characters: its erect, often much elongated rhizome, dark stipe, dark brown or nearly black colour of the dried frond, and drooping basal pinne, by which characters it differs from D. gracilescens. The under surface of younger fronds is dotted with brown, gum-like glands which dry out with age and are therefore lacking in old or poisoned fronds. var. kamborangana C. Chr. n. var.—Larger than the type, stipe and rachis grey-brown, the lowest 3 or 4 pairs of pinne deflexed, not reduced, to 12 cm. long with (P con Selsk. Skritter VII. 10, 1912 (Part 1) and VIII. 6, 1920 ar Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 4 ‘' : z 4 , =: . 7 « .* 1] q 4 : ’ 241 sometimes deeply serrate segments, both surfaces finely glandular, indusia large, brown, reniform. Lumu Lumu to Kamborangah, in rather open places in forest (H. 25472), Marei Parei ridge, in shady forest (H. 25609). This variety looks rather different from the other Kinabalu forms of D. viscosa, but it is scarcely a distinct species. D. badia v.A.v.R. Bull. Jard. bot. Buit. II ser. no. XVI: 9. 1914.—D. linearis Copel. 1917: 56.—Marei Parei ridge og 11067, 11069), Lumu Lumu to Kamborangah (H., S.n.). The type of D. linearis is perfectly identical with a co-type specimen of D. badia from Sumatra received from Dr. Matthew. It is closely related to D. viscosa, of the same dark colour and with the same pubescence of short brown, crisped hairs on the rachis and costz above, differing criefly by the elongated linear-lanceolate fronds with short, some- what unequal-sided pinne. It resembles in habit some forms of Athyrium macrocarpumn. D. multisora C. Chr. n. sp.—Speciei precedente proxime affinis, differt: majore, pinnis eequilatis, linearibus, rachi costisque pilis pallidis, tenuissimis superne hirtis, soris confluentibus, indusiis orbicularibus, peltatis, glandulosis. KINABALU: Kamborangah, in valley forest (H. 25523, type, in Herb. C. Chr.), Tenompok, in forest (H. 25417, Cl. 28098, 28340), above Pakka (Cl. 27970). Rhizome stout, erect, the stipe strong, castaneous, furnished with numerous pure-brown thin scales, up to 45 ecm. long; lamina linear-lanceolate, 50 by 15 cm., rather thick dark-coloured, bipinnatifid, rachis with some few scales and pubescent above with slender grey hairs. Pinnz sessile, the lower ones opposite, at distances of 3.5 cm., the basal ones not reduced, not deflexed, 8 cm. long by 1.5 cm. wide, linear-oblong, equal-sided, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid, the segments patent, separated by open, roundish sinuses, oblong, 2.5 mm. wide, entire, the apex roundish- obtuse. Costz densely strigose above with grey antrorse hairs ( some few similar hairs also on the costules and veins above), thinly short-puberulous beneath, the surfaces other- wise glabrous and without glands. Veins simple, about 6—jugate, all fertile. Sori large, at last confluent and filling the whole underside of the segment; indusia brown, orbi- cular, peltate (at least in no. 25417), glandular; sporangia large, glabrous. D. supravillosa C. Chr. n.sp.—D. viscosae affinis, differt: stipite rachique paleaceis et dense villosis, lamina Vol. VII. (1934). 242 superne densissime villosa, inferne ad costulas venasque solum pubescente. Lumu Lumu to Kamborangah, in mossy ridge forest (H. 25471, type in Herb. C. Chr.). Rhizome erect, with many ovate brown scales. Stipe light brown, 12-15 em. long, rather scaly with brown small lanceolate somewhat lacerated scales, and upwards villous with soft pale hairs, rough towards base (from the bases. of fallen scales). Lamina lanceolate, about 20 cm. long by 8 cm. wide, firmly herbaceous, olive-brown when dried, bipinnatifid ; rachis densely villous and with some few small scales on the lower part, the hairs partly very short, thin, and crisped, partlv long, patent, and rather stiff. Pinne 10-15 pairs, alternate, sessile, 5-6 cm. long by 1.3 cm. wide, equal-sided, short-acuminate, the basal ones deflexed and somewhat reduced, segments 12 to 138 pairs, oblique, 3 mm. wide, repand-crenate or faintly dentate, the apex truncate or retuse, the upper side wholly covered with short pale hairs, the costa and midribs only pubescent beneath, the under side glandular. Veins 4—5-jugate, simple. Sori medical; indusia reniform, large, brown, glandular. This species differs from D. Robinsoni (Ridl.) C. Chr. Gard. Bull. S.S. 4: 381. 1929 in having pinne twice as wide, lobes much wider, greater hairiness and lack of glands on the upper surface. D. inconspicua Copel. 1917: 55.—Kiau (Tp. 1543), Gurulau spur (Tp. 1837, 1839), Dallas-Tenompok ridge (Cl. 27603, 27325, 27432, 26893), Tenompok (Cl. 28099) .— Dutch Borneo: W. Kutai, Kemul (Endert 3960). Superficially resembling D. gracilescens and forms of D. viscosa, but in reality very different, not only by the extremely reduced lower pinne (2-3 mm. long only), but also by the anterior basal vein running to the sinus. GROUP OF D..CRASSIFOLIA (C. Chr. in Gard. Bull. S.S. 4:.381. 1929). D. crassifolia (Bl.) O. Ktze., C. Chr. 1.¢. 385.—Tenompok to Lumu Lumu in ridge forest, not very abundant (H. 25440), near Dallas (H. 25254, Cl. 27526). var. purpureo-lilacina C. Chr. n. var.—Sporangiis super- ficiem totam tegentibus, pulchre purpureo-lilacinis. Penibukan ridge (H. 25599). I have never seen a fern with the sporangia coloured like this. The sterile leaf does not differ from typical D. crassifolia, the rachis of the fertile one is more scaly and the segments are more falcate. | Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 243 GROUP OF D. SYRMATICA (PTERIDRYS C. Chr.). An Asiatic group of closely related species which should no doubt be segregated from Dryopteris, being totally different from all species of this genus in all characters except in sori; e.g., in colour, texture, pubescence, division, venation ete. In habit some of them resemble species of Pteris, of the group of P. quadriaurita. D. microthecia (Fée) C. Chr. Index Suppl. 1918-16: 15. 1917.—Aspidium microthecium Fée, 10e mém.: 37, t.41 f£.2A. 1865.—Dryopteris Metteniana Hieron., Christ, C. Chr. Index Suppl. 35. 1913.—D. subsa- genoides v.A.v.R. Bull. Jard. bot. Buitenz. II Ser. XI: 9. 1913.—D. Vangenderenstortui v.A.v.R. l.c. no. XVIII: 11. 1916.—near Dallas (H. 25261, Cl. 27384), near Menetendok, river bank (H. 25584). Found in several places in Borneo and other Malayan islands. It is verv near the genuine D. syrmatica (Willd.) O. Ktze, but tolerably distinct in its sessile or only short- stalked pinnz, the basal ones with one or two prolonged pinnules on the lower side, and by the sori being apical on the veins. GROUP OF D. SETIGERA. D. setigera (Bl.) O. Ktze.—below Dallas, open place in old clearing (H. 25369), Kundasang, secondary growth (Cl. 29242), Tenompok (Cl. 29497A). D. multiseta (Bak.) C. Chr.—Dallas to Tenompok, by path on edge of forest (H. 25294).—Sarawak: Mt. Matang (Hose 98, Hewitt). This species is also known from Sumatra (Sibolangit, Lorzing 5779). It should be compared with the actual type of D. setigera. On Kinabalu I only saw this species once. More recently I have seen it growing abundantly by roadsides in Sumatra at about 2000 feet or more above sea level. It may reach a very large size, with stipes a metre long and fronds of the same length. The stipes of old plants are often reddish. It is a very handsome fern, and very distinct from the much smaller D. setigera; both are ferns of rather open places, not of the shady forest. D. multiseta is now growing well in cultivation in Singapore, and it is surprising that it has not been found growing wild in the Peninsula. GROUP OF D. IMMERSA. D. immersa (Bl.) O. Ktze——Kundasan, edge of jungle (Cl. 29765), Dallas-Tenompok ridge, by path (Cl. 27739, 27523), Tenompok (Cl. 26834). Vol. VIT. (1934). 244 This species was common beside the bridle path, but I saw no fertile plants during my visit. SUBGENUS CyYcLosorusS (Link) emend. C. CHR. D. contigua Rosenst. Meded. Rijks Herb. Leiden no. 31: 8. 1917.—Koung to Lobang (Tp. 1900), Kabayau to Koung (Cl. 27692), in low altitude without locality (H. 25727), Kundasang (Cl. 29238), Dallas (Cl. 27739, 27475).—Sandakan (Elmer 20383).—Sarawak: Mt. pok Cl. 28233), Silau basin at 6000 ft. on rocks (Cl. Poi (Mjoberg). Very briefly described from a specimen from Borneo, coll. Teuscher. It falls under D. parasitica sens lat., but is no doubt quite different from the typical form of that species, though resembling it in pubescence and venation, differing chiefly by its long narrow lamina on a very long stipe and by the lower 2 or 3 pairs of pinne being more or less abbreviated. The rhizome is short, erect. In the narrower pinne (about 1 cm. wide) the basal veins are not always united, but connivent to the sinus. D. parasitica (L.) O. Ktze.—Aspidium tectum Wall.—s.l. (Tp. 1513), near Menetendok, by river side (H. 25574), Tenompok bridle path (Cl. 27469) .—Rhizome creeping. D. subpubescens (Bl.) C. Chr. Gard. Bull. 8.S. 4: 390. 1929.—Koung (H. 25121), near Menetendok, in open forest near stream (H. 25575, glabrous form). D. heterocarpa (Bl.) O. Ktze.—Lobang (Tp. 1788), Tenom- 29054, 29050), Marei Parei (H. 256007). H. 25600 is an aberrant specimen with unusually long spreading hairs on cost on veins beneath. D. porphyricola Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 7C: 60. 1912.— Tenompok (H. 25389, Cl. 27190, 27371, 28282, 28456). A species similar to D. stipellata (Bl.) in size, division, the presence of large zrophores, and in the antrorsely strigose ribs of both surfaces, but differing in the upper surface being densely strigose throughout with antrorse, adpressed grey hairs, and in the under surface being densely glandular with globose yellow glands. In the last-named character it agrees with D. heterocarpa, but D. heterocarpa is smaller, has the hairs beneath crisped-patent and lacks the large erophores. D. porphyricola is known from Sarawak (Bau, Brooks 12; Mt. Merinjak, Native Coll. 180), and I have referred to it with some doubt Elmer 22075 from Mt. Pinatubo, Luzon. The Kinabalu specimens differ a little from the type in the abortive pinne being extremely small. Gibbs 4035, referred by Gepp to D. stipellata, may belong here. Gardens Bulletin, SS. 245 H. 25389 when fresh had the young fronds covered with mucilage (through which the zrophores projected) like those of D. stipellata; this character is not reported for the other specimens, but their zrophores are conspicuous. In the Peninsula, D. heterocarpa is very variable in the extent of hairiness of the upper surface and of the coste beneath, and there may be similar variation in D. porhyri- cola. The study of further material may indicate that D. porphyricola should be regarded as a variety of D. stipellata. (R.E.H.). D. lobangensis C. Chr. n. sp.—Rhizomate repente, sparse paleaceo. Stipitibus remotis, ad 40 cm. longis, glabris, nitidis, parte dimidia superiore auriculis pluribus minimis instructis. Lamina late lanceolata, 25 cm. longa, medio 10-13 cm. lata, chartacea, bipinnatifida, apice pinnatifida, basi subito in auriculas contracta, rachi superne dense antrorsim strigosa, inferne angulari, glabra. Pinnis sessilibus, alternis, apice integro breve acuminatis, inferioribus 2-3—jugis deflexis, 2-3 cm. inter se remotis, 5 cm. longis, 12 mm. latis, paulo supra medium pinnatifidis, segmentis densis, obliquis, obtusis vel subacutis, basi 3 mm. latis, basalibus vix acutis, costis ut rachi superne strigosis, inferne glabris sed cum venis glandulis luteis sat dense glandulosis, marginibus sparse ciliatis. Venis simpli- cibus, 5—jugis, basalibus unitis, secundi paris ad sinum conniventibus. Soris medialibus, indusiis parvis, cito delapsis, sporangiis glabris. KINABALU: Lobang (Cl. 10728, type in Herb. Copeland). Differs from D. heterocarpa and related species by the chartaceous texture, deflexed lower pinne, the less deeply cut pinne with oblique segments, and by the glabrous but glandular under side. D. arida (Don.) O. Ktze—Kiau (Tp. 1560). D. callosa (Bl.) C. Chr.—Lobang (Cl. 10347).—Typical, new to Borneo. D. lithophylla Copel. 1917: 57—Marei Parei ridge, exposed place (Tp. 1850, H. 25601). An extremely coriaceous plant with zrophores along the stipe to the base, the young fronds covered with mucilage. D. unita (L.) O. Ktze.—Near Dallas, wet grassy places by path, abundant (H. 25263, Cl. 26928), Kundasang, edge of secondary growth (Cl. 29240). D. oosora (Bak.) C. Chr.—Kudat, by stream (H. 25102). This is technically a Mesochlaena because of its oblong indusia, but as to all other characters it so closely resembles D. unita that it seems unnatural to segregate it from Vol. VII. (1934). E 246 Dryopteris. It further differs from D. unita by its thinner texture, broader segments and two pairs of united veins, short-creeping rhizome, the stipe with 2—4 pairs of small auricles below the lowest developed pinne, the pinne 20 cm. long by 2 cm. wide, incised half-way, the whole frond rather densely but shortly grey-pubescent. The species was known previously from Pulo Gaya, B.N. Borneo, only (Hose 334). D. megaphylla (Mett.) C. Chr.—Kiau (Tp. 1531), Dallas (Cl. 27288, 26766, 27317). A form with narrow pinne, approaching D. arbuscula (W.) O.K. D. truncata (Poir.?) O. Ktze.—Kiau (Cl. 10233), near Dallas, frequent in forest (H. 25260, Cl. 27541), Tenompok (Cl. 28646, 29450). _ D. Toppingii Copel. 1917: 56. C. Chr., Gard. Bull. S.S. 4: 391.—Lobang (Tp. 1766), Tenompok (H. 25395, Cl. 28082), Dallas-Tenompok ridge Cl. 27543, 27729). A species of doubtful relationship. In colour, texture, cutting and lack of auriculiform pinne it resembles D. crassifolia rather than the foregoing species, but it agrees with them in venation, about 4 pairs of veins being united. D. ferox (Bl.) O. Ktze.—Silau basin, among rocks in jungle, at 7000 ft. (Cl. 29062). D. baramensis C. Chr. n. sp.—Cyclosorus? Rhizomate breve suberecto. Stipite ad 35 cm. longo, brunneo, minutis- sime puberulo, ad basin solum parce paleaceo, zerophoris tuberculiformibus, 5—6—jugis, remotis (pinnis aborti- vis) instructis. Lamina ovato-lanceolata, ad 50 cm. longa, 20-40 em. lata, chartacea, sicca brunnea, bipin- natifida, rachi subpuberula, mox glabra. Pinnis ca. 15-jugis, oppositis, 3-4 em. inter se remotis, breve petiolulatis, maximis 25 em. longis, 4 em. latis, infimis evolutis vix reductis, subito in apicem acuminatum, subintegrum contractis, ad alam 3 mm. latam pinnati- fidis. Segmentis obliquis, lateribus parallelis inte- gerrimis, apice postice rotundatis antice subacutis, 3-4 mm. latis, basalibus pinnarum inferiorum multo abbreviatis, superiorum equalibus; pagina superiore pilis griseis appressis ubique sat dense strigosa, inferiore ad costas venasque antrorsim strigosa, inter venas minutissime glandulosa. Venis simplicibus, ca 10—jugis, infimi paris unitis. Soris supramedialibus, szepe uno in vena basali anteriore et 3-5—jugis in venis. superioribus; indusiis persistentibus, reniformibus, puberulis. SARAWAK: Baram valley, Lio Matu, 3—4000 ft. alt., common in a thick forest (Mjéberg, 1923, type in herb. C. Chr.). Kinabalu: . Tenompok, frequent in forest (H. 25385, Cl. 27938, 26932, 30456, 27601, 28453 part). | Gardens Bulletin, S.S. tbe a: en el ads or tere s a = eh ate 7 . :. oY aj i.) ae 247 Nearly related to D. porphyricola Copel, but the lower pinne reduced to tuberculiform glands (zrophores), pinne much deeper cut, with only one pair of united veins, the lower ones narrowed towards their base. Both species belong to a small group of Malayan species, the natural position of which is still uncertain to me. In colour and texture they are quite different from the bipinnatifid species of Cyclosorus, resembling more nearly D. crassifolia and its relatives, but the venation and presence of abortive pinne show that they cannot properly be associated with D. crassi- folia. The specimens from Kinabalu are on the whole typical, but differ in usually having a glabrous upper surface and no glands beneath; they probably represent a local variety. Some specimens have hairs on the upper surface towards the coste, the segments being glabrous. SECTION ABACOPTERIS (Fée). Under this name I provisionally unite a considerable number of Malayan species which seem to be quite different from the bipinnatifid species of the subgenus Cyclosorus, so different that they might naturally be segregated from it to form a new subgenus. The species concerned are certainly very different from each other in some important characters, but very uniform in others, especially colour, texture, pubescence, and the fronds at best simply pinnate. The fronds are quite entire in a few species, but in most they are pinnate with entire or slightly lobed pinnze with many pairs of often alternately united veins, their under side often characteristically verrucose. The species may be divided into groups, which however run into one another. A long series of small, closely related species are marked by dimorphous fronds, the fertile ones being much con- tracted with confluent sori (Haplodictyuwm Presl, type D. acrostichoides (J. Sm.) v.A.v.R.) ; this group runs gradually through several intermediate forms into the next (Aba- copteris Fée, type D. lineata (Bl.) C. Chr.), to which I refer larger species with conform fronds, which may be simple, or pinnate with few pairs of pinne; from these species we come gradually to the big ones, such as D. urophylla (Wall.) C. Chr., which form a third group, in which I include the Asiatic species of Meniscium. Stegno- gramma Bl. is an offshoot of the last group. To this “subgenus” belong several Bornean species, some of which were originally described as species of Acrostichum by Baker, and were transferred in my Index to Leptochilus (L. exsculptus, L. oligodictyus). From Kinabalu the following species have been collected. Vol. VII. (1934). > 248 | _D. Hosei (Bak.) C. Chr.—Kabayau to Koung, rocky stream margin (Cl. 27663). D. exsculpta (Bak.) C. Chr. in Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 37: 310. 1928. Leptochilus C. Chr. Index.—Dryopteris brevipinna C. Chr. Index (Meniscium stenophyllum Bak.)+—Penibukan ridge (H., s.n.). Other collections at Singapore are: Bettotan, near Sandakan (Kloss 19086). Sarawak: s.l. (Hose 20, 244). The Kinabalu collection differs somewhat from the Sandakan plant, having more coriaceous and less strongly toothed pinne. The pinne are however distinctly toothed, and in shape and size agree with D. exsculpta rather than with D. tenompokensis (see below) ; they also agree with Kloss’s specimen in having strongly setose indusia and Sporangia. (R.E.H.). D. tenompokensis C. Chr. n. sp.—Foliis dimorphis D. exsculptae (Bak.) C. Chr. et D. Hosei (Bak.) C. Chr. similis, differt a priori: pinnis integerrimis; a poste- riore: pinnis basi truncatis vel subcordatis, rachin subamplectentibus. KINABALU: Tenompok, on rocks by stream in forest (H. 25388, type in Herb. C. Chr., Cl. 27622). Rhizome short-creeping, the leaves subfasciculated, dimorphous. Sterile fronds to about 50 cm. long (including the stipe 20 cm.), 10-17 cm. wide, the pinne up to 8.5 cm. long by 2 cm. wide, quite entire, short-acuminate to rather long-acuminate, the basal ones deflexed, not reduced, the base equally truncate or subcordate, the larger ones with an obtuse auricle above, more or less embracing the rachis, with a distinct tuberculiform serophore below; veins in 4—5 alternately united pairs, raised below, costz shortly strigose above, the margins ciliate, the surfaces glabrous, the under side verrucose; texture herbaceous, colour dark green. Stipe of the fertile leaf 30-40 cm. long, the blade 20-30 cm., the largest pinne 3 cm. by 6-8 mm., the under side wholly covered with the confluent sori; sporangia light brown, without the sete which are a frequent character in this group of ferns; indusia small, glabrous, fugacious. This is as distinct as many others of the group. Its nearest ally is no doubt D. exsculpta (see above), which differs from our species by shorter, obtuse and crenate- lobate pinnee and setose indusia and sporangia. D. Hosei differs chiefly by the decidedly unequal-sided base of the pinne. In the shape of the pinne D. tenompokensis also closely resembles D. firmula (see below) but this is not dimorphous. Cl. 27622 is larger than the type, having sterile pinnee 9 by 2.5 cm. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. — Qe WES Neve " 5 a 3 eyes" = 2 Lac Pp Sea, ~ - he a a ee a Pe epomessr — Tae Te” 6 eee 3 a es ad mr yet io” ieee ¢ z% ints Te t ee Pare q 4 | i i ig a Tn, a ¥ | 249 D. labuanensis C. Chr.—Dallas, rocky stream margin (Cl. 30458). This specimen has setose sporangia and indusia. D. mirabilis Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 6C: 137, pl. 19. 1911.— near Dallas, on rocks by stream in forest (H. 25147). The type from Sarawak (Bidi, Brooks!) is a form with only one pair of lateral pinne, and I believe that D. holophylla (Bak.) C. Chr. from Niah (Hose 242, Kew) and Mt. Matang (Matthew), which has undivided fronds, probably represents the same species. The Kinabalu fern is pinnate with 4 pairs of pinne, the sterile ones 3 cm., the fertile less than 2 cm. wide. The species has also been collected in the Malay Peninsula: Kedah, Pulau Langkawi (Holttum 17436, with 1 to 3 pairs of pinne) and a much smaller form from Pahang, Bukit Senai (Henderson 19437), with 1 or 2 pairs of small lateral pinne below the large terminal pinna. Small plants similar to Henderson’s 19437, when brought into cultivation in Singapore, have grown into the typical larger form. The small size seems to be charact- eristic of plants growing in somewhat exposed situations on river banks. Such plants are common by some of the es Gace and have been collected also in Perak. Ve ° eje D. firmula (Bak.) C. Chr.—near Dallas, on ground near stream in forest (H. 25144, Cl. 26923, 27430), in moist shady forest near Dahobang river (H. 25596). Sarawak: Mt. Dulit (Hose 295, Mjoberg). The Kinabalu specimens are large, but otherwise typical. Leaves uniform, almost entirely glabrous; pinne about 5 pairs, 12-15 by 3 cm., the lower ones cuneate at base, the upper rounded below and truncate and auricled above, entire; veins 5-6 pairs, sori near the main veins, exindusiate; sporangia not setose, but bearing red glands close to the annulus; erophores present. Intermediate between D. lineata and D. urophylla. D. urophylla (Wall.) C. Chr. var. nitida Holttum n. var.— a speciei typica differt: venulis valde obliquis, pagina superiore glaberrima, nitente, non pustulosa. Menetendok, in secondary forest, abundant (H. 25592). This variety is very similar in general form and habit to D. urophylla as found in the Malay Peninsula (type from Penang), but differs very strikingly in the two characters noted in the above diagnosis. The difference seems to me hardly sufficient to warrant a specific separation. The veins are much more oblique than in typical D. urophylla, and this gives them a closer appearance, though they are actually not more numerous; they are doubly curved into a long Vol. VII. (1984). 250 slender S, in the same way as those of the typical form, but with the curvature a little more pronounced. The upper surface is usually very smooth and shining, and is not verrucose. All Bornean specimens in the D. urophylla cover in the Singapore herbarium belong to this variety, and also a specimen from Tawitawi island (Philippines), which is not far from the coast of B.N. Borneo. The variety probably represents the Bornean form of the species. As in Peninsula specimens, var. nitida varies somewhat in the cutting of the margins of the pinne, from repand- crenate to rather deeply and coarsely toothed; the bases of the pinne are usually cuneate, but may be rather broadly rounded. The fronds dry green or somewhat brownish, but not red. _ This variety is very abundant in the low country round Kinabalu, in rather open grassy places by the bridle paths, often rather yellowish where most exposed, and in the secondary forest which springs up on the abandoned rice Jadangs. In this habitat it differs from D. wrophylla in the Peninsula, which is not usually found except in rather shady primitive forest. Other Bornean specimens are: B.N. Borneo: Sungei Bakong (Teruya, March 1932), Sandakan (Elmer 20306). Sarawak: s.]. (Bishop Hose, 1891), Lawas (Native collector 30, distr. E. D. Merrill). Dutch Borneo: W. Keetai, Lahcem, 40 m. (Endert 1853, distr. as D. cuspidata). Philippines: Tawitawi, Sulu Prov. (Ramos & Edano, Bureau of Science no. 44171, distr. as D. moulmeinensis). SUBGENUS STEGNOGRAMMA (BIl.). D. stegnogramme (BI.) C. Chr.—Kamborangah, in wet forest near river (H. 25538). ~ | This is the typical form, widely different from the Himalayan and south Chinese fern usually but wrongly referred to the same species. tae, | 3 SUBGENUS EUDRYOPTERIS. D. hirtipes (Bl.) O. Ktze—Lobang (Tp. 1769, H. 25557), Tenompok, on rocks by stream in forest (H. 25390, Cl. 29416, 28205). Locally abundant. H. 25557 has — conspicuous indusia, but no indusia can be found on the Tenompok specimeris, which thus agree with the -Himalayan-Chinese Phegopteris Scottu Bedd. — D. paleacea (Sw.) C. Chr. Amer. Fern. Journ. 1: 94. - 1911.—D. filix mas subsp. patentissima (Wall.) C. Chr. Index.—near Pakka, in forest near. stream, not abundant (H. 25514, Cl. 28973). — Gardens Bulletin, S.S. | CORRIGENDUM Ferns of Mount Kinabalu, Gardens’ Bulletin, S. S. Vol. VII part 3, June, 1934. pp. 251, 288—For X 3 in legends to text-figures of Dryopteris urophylla and Pteris Holttumii, read X 6. ‘6 \ / <<. DRYOPTERIS UROPHYLLA, venation, X 8. Above, typical form, from Penang. Below, var. nitida. Vol. VII. (1934). 252 The first specimen of this species I have seen from Borneo. It agrees closely with the Himalayan Aspidium patentissimum Wall., which I can distinguish at best as a variety from the South American D. paleacea. This is a tropical subspecies of the northern D. filix mas and is often so named; it occurs in very scattered localities on high mountains in tropical America and Asia, the Hawaiian islands and Madagascar. D. sparsa (Ham.) O. Ktze.—near Menetendok, in forest near river (H. 25576), Tenompok (Cl. 27905, 28117), Lumu trail (Cl. 28384), Falls above Lumu (Cl. 29940). New to Kinabalu, rare in Borneo. The specimens are all terrestrial, and some are much dwarfed. D. polita Rosenst., Fedde Repert. 13: 218. 1914.—Tenompok (H. 25387, Cl. 27976, 28680), Silau basin, rocky place near stream at 6000 ft. (Cl. 29057). This species is allied to D. sparsa, with which it has probably been confused by some authors; it is however clearly distinct, and except for its eudryopteroid venation it resembles rather D. syrmatica (Pteridrys) in some important characters, e.g. the grey-green colour, the wholly glabrous and broadly deltoid lamina with long-stalked pinne. It further differs from D. sparsa by its entire or bluntly crenate, not sharp toothed segments. In addition to the type locality in Sumatra, the species has been found in the Malay Peninsula at Cameron’s Highlands, alt.4400 ft. (Holttum 23451), and at Tonkin; it evidently has a wide distribution in the Malayan region. D. subarborea (Bak.) C. Chr.—D. tabacicoma v.A.v.R. Bull. Jard. bot. Buit. II ser. XVI: 11. 1914; Handb. Suppl. 174.—Lumu Lumu to Kamborangah, in more open ridge forest (H. 25456), near Kamborangah, in fern thicket by edge of river (H. 25531), Silau basin at 7000 ft. (Cl. 29696, 29875), without locality (Cl. 29710). Like most large dissected ferns, this, the biggest species of the subgenus, is variable as to the degree of division. No. 25531 is the typical form, matching the type from Niah, Sarawak (Hose 174), with the tertiary segments all broadly adnate and decurrent at base and shallowly dentate only (the basal ones excepted). Stipe densely chaffy with linear, brown or fuscous scales. D. tabacicoma is the same. No. 25456 is smaller but more dissected, most —— pinnules being free at base, sessile and rather deeply lobed; the scales on the stipe are much narrower. SUBGENUS CTENITIS C. CHR. D. adnata (Bl.) v.A.v.R. Handb. Suppl. 501. 1917. Aspi- dium adnatum Bl, Enum. 162.—D, filix mas Copel. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 253 Keys 358.—Polystichum truncatulum v.A.v.R. Bull. Jard. bot. Buit. II Ser. XVI: 60, pl. 8. 1914.—Pakka to Lobang (Cl. 10723), at 11500 ft., in rock crevices, in bushy thicket on granite core of mountain (H. This very distinct species has been much misunderstood by authors who have almost all (my Index included) referred it to D. filix mas. It certainly resembles that species very much in general habit, but the two species are in my opinion very remotely related, while on the other hand D. adnata is closely allied to D. apiciflora (Wall.) O. Ktze. Both the two last named species differ from D. fiix mas and all other species of Eudryopteris by the cost being rusty tomentose above with intestiniform hairs, by which character they agree with all species of the subgenus Ctenitis, and I place them therefore tentatively in this, though it must be admitted that they are rather isolated species. The frond of D. adnata is bipinnatifid, and like other members of the subgenus of a characteristic brown colour when dried; the stipe, rachis and costz beneath are rather densely chaffy with reddish brown, ovate-acuminate entire scales, the rectangular segments crenately lobed or subentire (in this respect also wholly different from D. fihz mas and its relatives, the segments of which are sharply dentate). The sori are medial, not confined to the distal part of the segment as in D.-apiciflora, furnished with rather small, subpersistent, reniform glabrous indusia. According to Copeland, the same form as found on Kinabalu occurs also in the Philippines; the type is from Java. D. dissecta (Forst:) O. Ktze.—Near Menetendok, on rocks by river, pendulous (H. 25571). This is exactly the same as the Philippine fern first described as Nephrodium membranifolium Presl. (t. orig. in Herb. Presl), which has been badly confounded with a very similar fern with pleocnemioid venation (Aspidium membranifolium Index, now Tectaria fuscipes (Wall.) C. Chr., Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 26: 290. 1931). Two questions remain to be settled: (1) whether the forms with free and anastomosing veins and now placed in two genera are really specifically different, and (2) whether the true Polynesian Polypodium dissectum is the same as ‘N. mem- branifolium Pr. In every case these forms of subcompound species prove that we find a gradual transition between the subgenus Ctenitis and Tectaria, group of T. cicutaria. D. aciculata (Bak.) C. Chr.—Tenompok, in forest near stream, stock short decumbent (H. 25253), Dallas- Tenompok ridge (Cl. 26846). Vol. VII. (1934). 254 Rather larger than the type from Sarawak (Hose 86), but I have exactly the same from Mt. Merinjak, Sarawak. It is surprisingly like Tectaria Leuzeana, but much more > scaly and the veins free, and is another instance of the close relationship of Ctenitis ‘and some species of Tectaria. It is the largest species of a group of Asiatic species, e.g. D. vilis (Kze.) C. Chr. (Aspidium intermedium Bl.), D. rhodolepis (Cl.) C. Chr. SPECIES OF UNCERTAIN RELATIONSHIP. Dryopteris Hasseltii (Bl.) C. Chr.—D. laserpitufora (Scort.) C. Chr.—Tenompok, in forest (Cl. 28598). This belongs to a small group of Asiatic species, the position of which is still uncertain. Some of them, e.g. D. obovata, approach Athyrium. I have hitherto placed them in the subgenus Polystichopsis, but they do not really belong there. D. laserpitiifolia from the Malay Peninsula is quite identical with D. Hasseltii; it occurs also on the mountains of Sumatra. D. Boryana (Willd.) C. Chr.—Near Menetendok, ga oie: ~ rocks (H. 255838). New to Borneo. This species, together with one or two near relatives, is placed by all authors in Dryopteris, and for some time I considered it a rather isolated species of the subgenus Ctenitis. Recent studies, chiefly of Chinese and African species, have convinced me, however, that it is not a Dryopteris at all, but a near ally of some decompound species of Athyrium, e.g. A. Atkinson Bedd. Whether it may be referred naturally to that genus, or ee to a new genus, must be decided by further studies I cannot distinguish D. Kingii (Bedd.) C. Chr., from Perak (Kunstler 2250), from D. Boryana. DIDYMOCHLAENA DESVAUxX. D. truncatula (Sw.) J. Sm.—s.]. (Burbidge), Kiau (Gibbs 4098), Dallas-Tenompok ridge (Cl. 30455), near Menetendok (H., s.n., Cl. 29630). Nowhere on Kina- balu an abundant species. MESOCHLAENA R. Brown. M. py dda Copel. 1917: 57.—Koung to Kabayau (Tp. 1902), near Dallas on wet bank near stream (H. 25130, Cl. 27458), Dallas-Tenompok ridge (Cl. 26908). Scarcely more than a local variety of M. polycarpa, of which I have a specimen from Sumatra with many similarly much reduced sagittate pinne. Gardens Bulletin, SS. | | j | | a a ai A 3 La 3 7 t i. | y SP, Rea ea 255 POLYSTICHUM Rortu. GROUP OF P. ACULEATUM. In his Keys, p. 366, Copeland referred three distinct ferns to the comprehensive P. aculeatum, being unable to identify them. The agreement of his specimens with those collected by Mr. Holttum enables me to distinguish the following four species. P. kinabaluense C. Chr. n. sp.—Rhizomate decumbente vel breve repente, crasso, paleis rufis, ovatis lanceolatisve, fimbriatis dense vestito. Stipitibus 10-20 cm. longis, paleis rufis, lanceolatis, longe fimbriatis et aliis fili- formibus ornatis, denique denudatis. Lamina del- toideo-lanceolata, 15-20 cm. longa, basi 4—8 cm. lata, acuminata, rigide coriacea, bipinnata; rachi paleis rufis fimbriatis, aliis latis aliis angustissimis dense vestita. Pinnis basalibus maximis, 3—4 cm. longis, 1 cm. latis, acuminatis, omnibus parte dimidia inferiore pinnatis, superiore pinnatifidis, pinnulis liberis 6—8—jugis, trape- zoideis, 5 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis, subpetiolatis, utrin- que pungenti-dentatis, apice longe spinescente, dentibus rigidis; costis utrinque laxe paleaceis, serius nudis, pagina inferiore paleis filiformibus sparse conspersa, _ cito nuda. Soris medialibus, sat parvis, indusiis non visis. KINABALU: Pakka to Low’s Peak (Cl. 10648, type, Herb. Bur. Sci. Manila, Herb. Kew.), at about 12000 ft., in crevice, under overhanging rock (H. 25490, exactly typical), below Kamborangah ? (Cl. 27968). Plate 52. A high-alpine species of the aculeatum-complex, characterised by the long stipe and small subdeltoid bipin- nate lamina of rigid texture. Clemens 27968 has rather larger fronds and shorter stipes than the other specimens. P. obtusum J. Sm.—Below Kamborangah, on steep rocky slope in forest (H. 25714, 25534, Cl. 279487), falls above Lumu (Cl. 29937). _ Differs from the former species by its much large size, the pinne pinnate nearly to the tip, the pinnules subentire with few or no aristate teeth below the apex. No. 25534, collected near the river, is larger and thinner in texture than no. 25714, from a dry rocky place. var. densum v.A.v.R. Bull. Jard. bot. Buit. II ser. I: 12. 1911. XI: t. 6. 1913.—Silau basin, jungle ridges at 7-8000 ft. (Cl. 29629), Kamborangah (Holttum 25525bis). The specimens quoted are very large, agreeing in size with the variety described by v-A.v.R. The pinnules are deeply serrately lobed, the lobes not aristate. The basal Vol. VII. (1934). 256 pinnules of the lower pinne have free auricles. The scales are exactly as in the typical form of the species. P. Holttumii C. Chr. n. sp.—Rhizomate ? (verisimiliter erecto), stipitibus 60 cm. longis, densissime paleaceis; paleis rufis concoloribus, mollibus, aliis ovatis 5-6 mm. latis tenuiter ciliatis, aliis lanceolatis in apicem longissimum filiformem contortum attenuatis, aliis parvis numerosioribus dense ciliatis crispatis, stipitem dense tegentibus. Lamina lanceolata, ad 60 cm. longa, 25 cm. lata, versus basin augustata, herbacea, sub- tripinnata; rachi ut stipite dense paleacea. Pinnis alternis, sessilibus, linearibus, acuminatis, maximis 14 cm. longis, 1.5 cm. latis, inferioribus sensim brevioribus (infimis 7-8 cm. longis). Pinnulis densis, ad 25—jugis, parum obliquis, 8 mm. longis, basi 4 mm. latis, basali acroscopica producta, postice cuneatis antice subauri- culatis, apice obtusis vel subacutis, raro breve mucronatis, margine incrassatis sine dentibus, basi auricula obovata, integra, libera instructa, sursum lobatis, lobis 2—3-jugis, obtusis. Costis inferne ut rachi dense rufo-paleaceis, superne parce fibrillosis. Soris parvis, medialibus, indusiis rufis, glabris, sub- persistentibus. KINABALU: Pakka (H. 25513, type in Herb. C. Chr., Cl. 27972; also probably Cl. 27973 & 28971, small immature plants). Plate 53. A very beautiful fern, abundantly different from the preceding species, but near the more dissected forms of the Kuropean P. setiferum (Forsk.) Woynar (P. aculeatum SaneeAry auctt.), but much more scaly and without aristate eeth. P. gemmiparum C, Chr. n. sp.—Rhizomate oblique erecto. Stipitibus ad 30 cm. longis, stramineis, dense paleaceis, serius delapsis denudatis muricatisque; paleis mollibus, rufo-brunneis, concoloribus, inferioribus ovatis super- ioribus lanceolatis et filiformibus, omnibus parce fim- briatis et in apicem filiformem desinentibus. Lamina e basi usque ad 25 cm, lata, versus apicem gradatim attenuata, 40-50 cm. longa, 5-10 cm. infra apicem gemmam rufo-squamosam ad rachin nascente, utrinque pallide viridi, papyracea, bipinnata vel foliis minoribus bipinnatifidis; rachi straminea, ut stipite paleacea, paleis plerisque filiformibus, lete brunneis. Pinnis alternis, subfalcatis, inferioribus maximis ad 12 cm. longis, breve petiolatis, ceteris sensim brevioribus, sessilibus, omnibus basi postice cuneatis, antice trun- catis et breve auriculatis, apice argute acutis rarius acuminatis, maximis 3 cm, latis, parte inferiore pinnatis sursum profunde pinnatifidis, medialibus Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 257 lobatis, superioribus subintegris. Pinnulis laciniisque valde obliquis, trapezioideo-ovatis, postice decurrente antice rotundato-excisis, rarius subauriculatis, maximis 5-6 mm. latis (basali acroscopica majori), contiguis, integris vel majoribus 1-2 dentibus brevibus instructis, apice breve aristatis. Pagina superiore nuda, inferiore paleis lete brunneis, lanceolatis, fimbriatis ubique, ad costas densius conspersa. Soris parvis, medialibus, indusiis pallidis, glabris, mox delapsis. KINABALU: near Lobang, on rocks by stream (H. 25561, type in Herb. C. Chr., Cl. 10353), Tenompok (H. 25394, Cl. 28094). Plate 54. This species is closely allied to P. prolificans v.A.v.R. (Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. III Ser. vol. 2: 170. 1920) from north Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula (Penang and Perak only),but differs by its considerably smaller size, the pinnules never deeply divided, and the concolorous scales. (R.E.H.). P. gemmiparum also closely resembles P. eximium (Mett.) C. Chr. (Aspidium Mett.), from Ceylon (Thwaites 0275) and many other localities, in colour and shape of segments, but it is smaller, less divided, and constantly gemmiferous, the sori not inframedial, indusiate. In ca a it is not unlike the Brazilian P. platyphyllum Ww. f. This fine species I originally described after Clemens 10353 (Herb. Bur. Sci. Manila), but the description above is taken from Holttum’s larger specimens, and his no. 25561 must therefore be held as the type. P. puncticulatum y.A.v.R. Bull. Jard. bot. Buitenz. III ser. 2: 171. 1920.—Near Tenompok, on exposed bank by path (H. 25359), Tenompok (Cl. 26641, 27328, 28032, 28102) ,Koung-Kabayau, steep hillside above river, at 100 ft., abundant (Cl. 27660). Holttum’s plant is an extremely coriaceous, small form, in habit and size much resembling P. varium (L.) Pr., but lacking bullate scales and as to other characters agreeing better with P. puncticulatum. Rhizome short, erect; the lamina deltoid, 25 cm. long by 15 cm. wide, bipinnate, only the slightly prolonged lower pinnules of the basal pinne pinnatifid ; leaf-tissue between the veins vaulted, the under side being consequently furrowed; sori supra- medial, rather large, apparently exindusiate, but the indusia perhaps all fallen. The specimen represents apparently an unusually small and coriaceous form of the species (possibly in part owing to an exposed habitat), of which more typical examples are: Matang, Sarawak (Hose, at Kew) ; Gunong Tahan, Pahang (Holttum 20779). Vol. VII. (1934). 258 Clemens 27660, from a lower altitude, is larger than H. 25359, and less coriaceous. In size and cutting it agrees very nearly with the type of P. puncticulatum, differing in having the teeth of the pinnules more acute, in some cases the apices almost aristate. There is some variation in the teeth of other specimens. (R.E.H.). This species, originally described from Sumatra, is now known to occur in the Malay Peninsula and Borneo. It is. closely allied to P. speciosum (Don.) J. Sm., and Peninsula specimens were formerly referred to that species. P. aristatum (Forst.) Pr.—Gurulau spur (Gibbs 2980), Kamborangah to Pakka (Gibbs 4222), near Lobang, rocky ground near river, in forest (H. 25566). Both Miss Gibbs’s specimens were named by Gepp and I have not seen them; they may belong either to the former or to the following species. P. carvifolium (Kunze) C. Chr.—Marei Parei ridge (Cl. 11037), Kamborangah abundant on ground in forest (H. 25525, Cl. 28976), Tenompok to Lumu Lumu (H. 25439 ?, Cl. 27969, 29974), Silau basin at 9,000 ft. (Cl. 280537; Not quite like the Indian type, especially differing in the broader and dark brown rhizome scales. It is much more divided than P. aristatum, being 4-pinnate. The three last-mentioned species would perhaps be better referred to Dryopteris subgenus Polystichopsis. CYCLOPELTIS J. SMITH. C. Presliana (J. Sm.) Berk.—Near Koung, on shady rocks by bridle path, and by streams (H. 25626). HETEROGONIUM PRESL. An excellent genus, restored by Copeland in 1929 (Univ. Cal. Publ Bot. 16: 61), much more closely related to the group of Dryopteris sagenoides (which should be segregated from Dryopteris) than to any species of Tectaria, to which genus it has hitherto been referred. The two known species occur in Borneo. The more widely distributed type-species is H. aspidioides Presl (synonym: Aspidium ambiguum Diels, Index), which has been recently collected near Sandakan by Boden Kloss (no. 19034) ; its veins are free outside the costal and costular areoles. The other species has been found on Kinabalu, as described below. | H. profereoides (Christ) Copel. l.c.—Aspidium profereoides Chr. Phil. Journ. Sci. 2 C: 158. 1907.—Near Dallas, in forest near stream (H. 25257, Cl. 27484), Tenompok (Cl. 28942, 28453). Formerly known from Mindanao only. | : Gardens Bulletin, S.S. is 259 _ The specimens agree exactly with the original descrip- tion, and differ from H. aspidioides chiefly in venation. Between the narrow costal areoles and the sinuses are 3 or 4 rows of angular areoles without included veinlets, and outside the larger costular areoles are usually one or two more rows. The dark green leaves are subdimorphous, the fertile ones narrower; the sori are dark brown, oblong to linear, mostly confined to the lobes, arranged in rather regular rows, one each side of the ‘costules. The sterile pinne are about 15 ecm. long by 3 to 3.5 cm. wide, lobed half-way down, the lobes 7-8 mm. wide, entire, the basis- copic lobes of the basal pinne somewhat. prolonged. In all other characters the species is very like H. aspidioides. TECTARIA CAVANILLES (Aspidium Index). As usually defined, this is a composite genus, including bias natural groups which are not closely related to each other. T. Leuzeana (Gaud.) Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 2 C: 417. 1907.—Kiau (Cl. 10241), near Lobang, in rather open forest on steep slope (H. 25545), Tenompok (Cl. 28749, 29111, 28852, 28287, 29629), Dallas-Tenompok ridge, in Jungle (Cl. 27518). A very abundant fern near Tenompok, usually on the edge of the forest, sometimes reaching a very large size. T. Holttumii C. Chr. n. sp.—Habitu, divisione, stipite rachique ebenel JT. melanocaul (BI. ) Copel. similis, ab ea specie abunda differt: folio toto pilis brevibus, moniliformibus molliter et sat dense pubescente, soris irregulariter conspersis, minimis, indusiis perparvis, peltatis. . KINABALU: near Menetendok, on rocks by river Kadamaian (H. 25570, type in Herb. C. Chr.; Cl. 29516), Dallas (Cl. 27313). Plate 55. Stipe to 35 cm. long, ebeneous, shortly brown-pubescent, at base with some narrow brown long-acuminate entire scales. Lamina broadly deltoid, 25-30 cm. long and wide, herbaceous, brown when dried, rather densely and softly pubescent throughout with moniliform hairs, consisting of a pair of lateral pinne and a terminal pinnatifid portion. Pinne to 15 cm. long, short-stalked, acuminate, lobed and coarsely serrate in the outer half, pinnatifid in the inner, the lower side much produced, the basal basiscopic segment 9 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, coarsely serrate, acuminate, the basal acroscopic one triangular acute, 2 cm. long; the apical portion of the frond 20 cm. long and nearly as broad, in division like the basal pinne but equilateral, cut in the lower part into a wing 1 to 1.5 cm. on either side of the rachis, the Vol. VII. (1934). 260 larger segments in three pairs, the lowest ones 15 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, more deeply serrately lobed on the lower side; costee ebeneous beneath in the lower third, brown dis- tally; veins densely reticulated between the distinct main veins, the areoles small with free included veinlets. Sori irregularly scattered, very small, sometimes dorsal on the netted veins, or more often apical on extremely short branches; indusia peltate, very small, brown. Though resembling 7. melanocaulon in habit, this new species is not nearly related to it, but belongs to a group of closely allied species several of which occur in Borneo, e.g. T. labrusca, T. platanifolia; T. Holttumii agrees with these species in pubescence, texture, colour, venation and sori, but it is much more divided than any previously known species of the group. In Clemens 27313 there are two pairs of lateral pinne, the lowest about 22 cm. long. The type is therefore a rather small specimen. T. coadunata (Wall.) C. Chr. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 26 :331. 1931. Aspidium cicutarium subsp. coadunatum C. Chr. Index.—Near Menetendok, on rocks by river, frond pendulous (H. 25587). New to Borneo. I cannot distinguish this specimen from the common Himalayan and South Chinese form. T. malayensis (Christ) Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 2C: 416. 1907.—Kiau (Tp. 1541), Kabayau to Koung, on shady banks near stream (H. 25108), near Dahobang river, in forest (H. 25598), Dallas-Tenompok ridge, in ravine (Cl. 26845, 273829). T. decurrens (Pr.) Copel. l. ec. 412.—Menetendok gorge (Cl. 10444), Tenompok trail at 4,000 ft. (Cl. 26859). T. crenata Cav. (t. sp. orig. herb. Cavanilles).—Aspidium pachyphyllum Kunze, C. Chr. Index.—A. repandum Willd.—Tenompok, in forest by stream (H. 25404, Cl. 29411, 26931). Pinne lanceolate, 7-8 jugate (or more), the basal ones with a basiscopic lobe, the upper confluent with the pinnati- fid or trifid terminal pinna. T. pleiosora (v. A. v. R.) C. Chr. comb. nov. Aspidiwm pleiosorum v. A. v. R. Handb. Suppl. 199. 1916.—- Dallas (Cl. 27295, H. 25726). Also Kudat (H. 25101 and Semanuang river near Sandakan (Kloss 18691). This species is very near 7. crenata. The lateral pinnez are paucijugate, ovate-lanceolate, the lamina on the acros- copic side of the midrib distinctly narrower than that on the basiscopic side (especially in the lower pinne), the basal pinnz simple or rarely lobed (Cl. 27295 has one frond with lobed basal pinnz), the terminal pinna free or confluent — Gardens Bulletin, SS. 261 with the uppermost pair of lateral ones, in the latter case cuneate or almost truncate at the base. The texture is usually more or less coriaceous. The fertile fronds are smaller than the sterile, with shorter and narrower pinne. The Kudat specimen quoted has buds on the rachis at the base of the terminal pinna. The specimens referred here differ in various points, as the above description indicates, but they all agree in having few and broad pinne and are thus very different in aspect from typical T. crenata, which over a wide geographical range is very uniform in character. Some of the plants around Dallas have unusually broad and coriaceous pinne. They were abundant in shady forest slopes near streams, but during my visit were almost all sterile. As in some other species of Tectaria, the production of fertile fronds is probably seasonal. (R. E. H.). T. vasta (Bl.) Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 2C: 411. 1907.—-s.1. (Low), Koung to Kabayau (Tp. 1910), Kabayau to Koung, abundant on banks near streams (H. 25107). Also Kudat (H. 25108). | Holttum’s two specimens are vegetatively quite identi- cal, but while the sori of no. 25107 are apparently exindusiate those of no. 25103 are furnished with small but distinct indusia. In both cases the sori are small and round, not elongate. T. trifolia (v. A. v. R.) C. Chr. comb. nov. Aspidiwm trifolium v. A. v. R. Bull. Jard. bot. Buitenz. II ser. no. VII: 4. 1912.—A. terminale Rosenst. Meded. Rijks Herb. Leiden no. 31: 4. 1917. C. Chr. Gard. Bull. S. S. 4:393, with descriptionKabayau (H., s. n.). Also Kudat (H. 25104). This species was based on trifoliate specimens from Luzon; in other respects however they are fully identical with Rosenstock’s species. Evidently this is a widely dis- tributed fern in the Malayan region. I am inclined to consider it a form of the Sumatran Aspidium nebulosum (Bak.) C. Chr. ‘ CAMPIUM PRESL, COPELAND PHIL. JOURN. SCI. 37: 341. 1928, partim. (Leptochilus C. Chr. Index). C. subsimplex (Fée) Copel. l.c. 356, pl. 8—Near Dallas, on rocks by stream and in stream bed (H. 25141, 25352), Tenompok, rocky stream in forest (Cl. 27653, 28234).—Sarawak: Segorah river (Brooks, Kew). New to Borneo, known previously from the Philippines and the Malay Peninsula (Perak, King’s Collector 8398, and many recent collections). The Bornean specimens have nearly all simple fronds only, and are without buds. Clemens 28234 has trifoliate fronds. Peninsula specimens Vol. VII. (1934). F 262 (hitherto usually referred to Leptochilus Zollingeri) are nearly always pinnate, except young plants. This species 1S common on rocks by forest streams in the Peninsula, chiefly at low altitudes. C. quoyanum (Gaud.) Copel. lc. 366.—Leptochilus cuspi- datus C. Chr. Index.—Near Menetendok, on wet rocks by river, the rhizome clinging to the bare rocks (H. 25585). Bs a form with very few areoles, about as Copeland’s fig. LOMARIOPSIS Fess. L. leptocarpa Fée.—Dallas-Tenompok ridge (Cl. 27596), climbing small trees to a height of 30 feet. For a discussion of this species, see Holttum, Gard. Bull. S. S. 5: 270. TERATOPHYLLUM METTENIUvsS. (Holttum in Gard. Bull. S. S. 5:277.1932). T. Clemensiae Holttum sp. nov. T. rotundifoliatum (Bonap.) Holttum affine, differt: bathyphyllis pinnatis, pinnis subintegris; pinnis frondium fertilum c. 5 mm. latis, venis prope marginem unitis, venis soriferis irregula- riter transversis. Youngest stage.—Leaves indistinguishable from those of T. rotundifoliatum (Holttum l.c. 285,294), but usually a little larger, to 3 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide near base, the lower base broadly cordate and overlapping the rhizome, the upper base cuneate, the edges broadly lobed, lobes round, the apex broadly rounded. Normal bathyphylls—The smallest of these show transitions from the youngest stage. They are narrowly deltoid, about 4.5 cm. long, base 2 cm. wide, with 3 or 4 pairs of free pinne below the deeply lobed triangular apex; the free pinne are sessile, elliptic-obovate, edges entire or slightly sinuate, base unequally cuneate, apex rounded; the lowest pinna on the lower side is reflexed and overlaps the rhizome. The largest normal bathyphylls seen are about 9 cm. long by 4 cm. broad, the pinne about 9 pairs below the lobed triangular apex, largest pinna about 2.2 cm. long by 1.0 cm. wide, base very broadly cuneate, widest near base and narrowed slightly to the broadly rounded apex, edges sinuate; the lowest pinna always reflexed and over- lapping the rhizome at right angles. Transition bathyphylls (pinne all articulate). These are of several different types on different specimens, and appear to vary according to conditions of environment. The character they have in common is that all pinne# are Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 264 entire (or nearly so) and of shape similar to those of the adult fronds; as in almost all bathyphylls, the lowest pinna is reflexed to overlap the rhizome at right angles. Three different types may be briefly described, but there are intermediate forms also. (1) Dimidiate type. Fronds consist of a terminal pinna with 1 to 3 lateral pinne on the lower side only, upper side of rachis without pinne; lateral pinnze sometimes absent, the reflexed basal one often so. Terminal pinna 5-9 cm. long, 1.2 to 2 cm. wide; lateral pinne somewhat smaller. Texture thin, probably indicating a moist habitat. These fronds have been found on the same piece of rhizome with small normal bathyphylls. (2) Fully pinnate, small. Fronds 7-12 cm. long, 4.5-8 cm. wide, pinne 6-8 pairs, close (usually touching each other), short-stalked, largest pinnze about 5 cm. long by 1.2 cm. wide, broadest near the broadly cuneate base,. gradually tapered to the narrowly rounded apex, edges entire or slightly sinuate, texture subcoriaceous. Pinne on the lower side of the rachis usually somewhat larger than those on the upper side. (3) Fully pinnate, large. Fronds to 18 cm. long by 6 cm. wide, pinne, about 10 pairs, on stalks 3 mm. long, those on lower side of rachis about 1.5 times larger than those on upper side, largest pinne about 3.5 cm. long by 1.8 cm. wide, broadest near the broadly cuneate base, narrowed evenly to the slightly rounded apex, texture subcoriaceous. Adult plant. Rhizome.—Diameter to about 5 mm. colour green, somewhat muricate, surface of younger parts more or less densely covered with scales (see below), leaf- bases (to which the leaves are articulate) swollen and prominent. Sterile fronds.—Usually about 40 cm. long (including stipe) and 17 cm. wide; largest seen 70 cm. long by 25 cm. wide. Stipe of smaller fronds 5 cm. long, of largest frond 15 em. Rachis very narrowly winged in distal part only. Pinnz about 10 pairs, alternate, all articulate, on stalks 5-10 mm. long, largest seen 15 by 2.3 cm., more usually about 8 by 1.5 em., broadest near base, tapering gradually to an acuminate apex, base broadly unequally cuneate; texture thin but firm, colour usually rather light green; midrib prominent above and below, usually pale; veins about 2 mm. apart, slightly prominent on both surfaces, simple or forked, ending just within the margin; margin slightly reflexed, narrowly cartilaginous, and regularly sinuolate, the prominent parts opposite the vein endings. Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 265 Fertile fronds.—Two seen, 40 cm. long, 10 cm. wide, stipe about 10 cm, pinne 10-12 on each side, petiolules 10 mm., lamina 5-7 cm. long, about 5 mm. wide; lower surface, except for the pale thin edge, covered with spor- angia; veins uniting in a submarginal vein, with soral veins, close to the lower surface, irregularly crossing the areole# so formed. Scales scattered over surfaces throughout all parts of the plant, largest on rhizome and smallest on leaf-surfaces, castaneous, lanceolate, base peltate, edges bearing glandular hairs, largest about 1 mm. long, all more or less deciduous. KINABALU: Penibukan, on Polyalthia tree, Clemens 31614, type in Herb. Singapore; also Cl. 31346 (sterile). Tenompok, Clemens 29566. This species is closely allied to T. rotundifoliatum, both the youngest stage and the adult sterile fronds of the two species being hardly distinguishable; the only character in which the adult sterile fronds differ at all clearly is in the margins of the pinne which in JT. Clemensiae are finely sinuate. The bathyphyllis of the two species however differ so markedly as to distinguish them very sharply; 7. rotundi- foliatum has beautiful bipinnate fronds with almost circular pinnules, 7. Clemensiae simply pinnate fronds with almost entire pinne. The transition bathyphylls also differ, those of T. rotundifoliatum having very narrow deeply lobed pinne, those of 7. Clemensiae broad entire pinne like those of the adult fronds. The distinction of the fertile pinnze seems also to be a good one. The fertile pinne of T. Clemensiae are only half as wide as those of T. rotundi- foliatum; and the veins unite in a submarginal vein which - is absent in T. rotundifoliatum; the soral veins of T. Clemensiae are also much less regular than those of the other species. This species gives further evidence that in Teratophy- llum the bathyphylls or early stages of development may be as important diagnostically as the adult form of the plant, or even more important; the necessity for full and careful collection of all stages is evident, and we are fortun- ate to have such a fine series of specimens of the present species, which I have pleasure in dedicating to Mrs. Clemens. LOMAGRAMMA J. SMITH. L. Brooksii Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 3c: 345 1908.—Near Dallas (H. 25251), Tenompok (Cl. 28638). No fertile specimens were collected. Young plants, creeping on wet rocks by streams, have slender rhizomes and more or less erect fronds (depending on the inclination of the rock surface) on rather long stipes. The stipes of Vol. VII. (1984). 266 some specimens collected by Clemens are 35 cm. long. The pinnee of these fronds are at most about 7 cm. long by 2 cm. wide, the edges parallel for most of their length, the upper base very broadly truncate, the lower narrowly truncate or rounded, the apex falcate and shortly attenuate, the edges quite entire or slightly toothed towards the apex; the lower pinne are gradually reduced. Older plants, or at least plants which have begun to climb a tree, have a thick rhizome closely similar in appear- ance and structure to the rhizome of Lomariopsis spp.; their fronds are of full size, and grow out horizontally from the tree. These fronds have short stipes as described by Copeland, and the basal pinne are gradually smaller. The upper pinne are oblanceolate, broadest one-third from the apex, the base suddenly truncate or broadly cuneate (less unequally than in young fronds), the apex less falcate than in young fronds. Judging from my field experience in the Peninsula and in Borneo, I believe that the species of Lomagramma are often more easy to distinguish from their young creeping stage than from fronds of mature climbing plants; in this they agree with Teratophyllum. I am sure at least that we shall not have a proper knowledge of the species of Lomagramma until all stages have been collected for all species. As the plants rarely produce fertile fronds, they are apt to be neglected by collectors, no doubt from the idea that sterile material is useless; actually in this genus full sterile material of all stages is quite adequate to characterise the species, and the fertile fronds are usually the least distinctive features specifically. (R. E. H.). ATHYRIUM RortuH. This genus is here taken in the sense of my Index Filicum (see the remarks under Diplaziwm on p. 268). Most species found on Kinabalu belong to a specialised group characterised by often much-divided leaves of a dark green (when dried nearly black) colour, and dark axes. A. macrocarpum (Bl.) Bedd.—Pakka (Cl. 10586, H. 25526), above Marei Parei (H.,s.n.), Silau basin, among rocks, 3,000 to 7,000 ft. (Cl. 29033), Lumu trail (Cl. 27947). A form of this polymorphous species with narrow, bipinnatifid leaves and strongly auricled pinnze, much resembling the form described as A. anisopteron Christ. A. Clemensiae Copel. 1917: 58.—Low’s Peak (Cl. 10621, 29034, 27007, Boden Kloss s. n. 1928), in rock crevices at 12,000 ft. (H. 25486), Pakka to summit (Tp. 1698, 1705, Cl. 27049, 27944, 27782). Also a collection of Clemens labelled Tenompok ? (no. 28965). Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 267 A. Moultoni Copel. Journ. Str. Br. R. Asiatic Soc. no. 63: 71. 1912.—-Pakka cave to Lobang (Tp. 1756, Cl. 10725 ?), below Pakka, occasional, in more shady parts of ridge forest (H. 25518, Cl. 27967, 28975). Topping 1756 was referred to this species by Copeland, and perhaps rightly, though it does not quite agree with the type from Bukit Lawi. The other specimens quoted are exactly identical, and belong here, I think. They are large: the stipe up to 1 metre long, lamina tripinnate-quadripinna- tifid, deltoid, the lower pinne 30 cm. long, 10 cm. wide. The colour, scales and sori are as in the type. I find however a peculiar difference, and am therefore not quite sure that these specimens are A. Moultoni. In many species of Athyrium the raised edges of the sulcate costz or costules are prolonged (on the upper side) into fleshy spines at the base of each pinnule or segment. In the specimens above quoted these raised edges are high, wing-like, and at the base of the pinnules considerably widened, suddenly abrupt- ed, and run with a bluntly rounded outer edge from the costule along the base of the midrib of the tertiary pinnule, resembling an auricle which is closely appressed to the upper side of the quaternary segment. A. atropurpureum Copel. 1917: 59.—Low’s Peak (Cl. 10620, Tp. 1696). A. pulcherrimum Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 8C: 141, pl. 3. 1913.—Pakka cave (Tp. 1716, H. 25507, Cl. 30446). More dissected than the Javanese type, tripinnate- quadripinnatifid. In size, texture, colour and cutting, a perfect mimicry of Leucostegia hymenophylloides. A. amoenum C. Chr. n. sp. affinis A. pulcherrimo, textura tenuior, magis divisa. Rhizomate? Stipite 35 cm. longa, superne bisulcato, brunneo, przsertim versus basin paleis rufo-brunneis, late lanceolatis acuminatis- que, mollibus, sat dense obtecto. Lamina deltoidea vel latissime ovata, ad 50 cm. longa, 30-35 cm. lata, obscure viridi, textura tenuissima, quadripinnata- pinnatifida, rachi nuda et ut tota planta glaberrima. Pinnis 9-10—jugis, inferioribus oppositis, 9 cm. inter se remotis, sessilibus vel brevissime petiolulatis, late ovato-lanceolatis, ad 20 cm. longis, 10 cm. latis, breve acuminatis, versus basin paulo angustatis, superioribus alternis, costis paleis parvis luteo-brunneis sparse onus- tis. Pinnulis II alternis, breve petiolatis, maximis 5-6 cm. longis, 1.5 em. latis, basi latere acroscopico aliquot producto inzquilateralibus, acutis, basalibus pinnarum infimarum I ord. abbreviatis; pinnulis III 1 cm. longis, Vol. VII. (19384). 268 petiolatis, basi postice cuneatis antice truncatis, pro- ductis, parte dimidia inferiori pinnatis, sursum pro- funde pinnatifidis; pinnulis vel segmentis IV lobatis vel dentatis, dentibus acutis. Venis distinctis, szpe nigricantibus; soris costularibus, vix 1 mm. longis, indusiis semi-ovatis, rufo-brunneis, integris vel leviter laceratis. Kinabalu: Kamborangah, near river in forest (H. 25530, type in Herb. C. Chr.), Silau basin (Cl. 29045), Falls above Lumu (Cl. 29967 part) Sarawak: Mt. Murud (Mjoberg). Plate 56. This is the most finely dissected of all Asiatic Athyria, and a very pretty species. I described it some years ago from Dr. Mjoberg’s specimen, but now take Mr. Holttum’s more complete one as the\type. A. amoenum has several characters in common with A. pulcherrimum, e. g. colour, scales, and sori, but it is much finer cut and of much thinner texture. Costular spines are present, but mostly very short or quite obsolete. A. silvaticum (Bl.) Milde.—Lobang, a solitary plant on rocks by stream (H. 25562 Cl. 29591). New to Borneo. A form with short sori and vaulted indusia. DIPLAZIUM SWarRtTz. In 1908 Copeland, following Milde, transferred to Athyrium the Philippine species formerly placed in Diplazium (Phil. Journ. Sci. 3c: 285), and in his later papers he has described a considerable number of diplazioid ferns as species of Athyrium, thus dropping the whole genus Diplazium (see also his paper: The Oriental Genera of Polypodiaceze, Univ. Cal. Publ. Bot. 16, no. 2. 1929). I agree with him in the opinion that there does not exist a really generic difference between most species hitherto referred to the two genera, but I fear that it is too unnatural to merge the whole mass of species of Diplazium in Athy- rium, because both genera comprise species of very remote relationship. The type-species of Athyrium forms, together with a number of related (mostly northern) species, a well- defined group or genus to which Cystopteris (C. fragilis, bulbifera and relatives) should probably be referred. Other species of Athyrium (A. crenatum and relatives) should be united with Cystopteris montana into another group. Most of the other species of Athyriwm could very naturally be united with most species of Diplazium into one genus, for which the latter name should be used. From this genus certain species, which I cannot see how to distinguish from Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 269 Asplenium, should be excluded ; among these are D. porphy- rorachis and D. pallidum. Being therefore of the opinion that both genera, as arranged in the Index Filicum, are polyphyletic, I prefer to retain that arrangement pending the further study which is necessary to define the various constituent groups. D. grammitoides Presl—Asplenium biseriale Bak. 1894 :252, Diplazium C. Chr. Index, Athyriwm Copel. Keys 376.— s.l. (Haviland 1475, Cl. 11011), near Menetendok, on mossy rocks by edge of river (H. 25577), Silau basin, stream bed between rocks (Cl. 29052). I cannot distinguish Baker’s species from the Philippine type, even as a variety. D. crenato-serratum Bl. forma—Marei Parei ridge (Cl. 10914), Dallas-Tenompok ridge (Cl. 28155). D. Hosei Christ is a rather typical form of this species, and D. larutense Bedd: (syn. D. confertum (Bak.) C. Chr.) is a form with close obtuse pinne. D. sp. near japonicum (Thbg.) Bedd.—Near Menetendok, in forest near river (H. 25579). | Perhaps this was also collected by Mrs. Clemens and Topping, as specimens of theirs are said by Copeland (Keys 376, under Athyrium biseriale) to be intermediate between D. japonicum and D. Petersenti; this is true also of Holttum’s specimen, but it cannot be referred to either of the two species. The sori seem to be exindusiate. I prefer 2 let it remain unnamed. It comes very near D. Woodii opel. D. pallidum (Bl.) Moore—Lobang, on rocks by stream (H. 25559). I should prefer to retain this species in Asplenium. D. poiense C. Chr. n. sp.—Rhizomate spec. typ.? (in spec. Kinabaluensi erecto, crasso, apice paleis castaneis, nitidis, anguste lanceolatis, in pilum longum desinenti- bus, integris dense obtecto). Stipite 30 cm. vel ultra longo, ut rachi atro-brunneo, opaco, supra basin sparse paleaceo. Lamina late lanceolata, ad 60 cm. longa, 25 cm. supra basin lata, firmiter herbacea vel papyracea, superne gramineo-viridi, glabra, inferne pallida, ad costas squamulis brunneis sparse predita, bipinnatifida, versus apicem pinnatifidum sensim attenuata, versus basin vix angustata. Pinnis ad 20-jugis, alternis, 3 cm. inter se remotis, breve petiolulatis, subhorizontali- bus, longe acuminatis, ad 15 cm. longis, 2—2.5 cm. latis, basi et medio eximie inequilateralibus (latere acros- copico medio 1.5 cm. lato, basiscopico medio 1 cm. lato et versus basin valde reducto), e medio versus apicem equilateralibus, ad alam 5 mm. latam pinnatifidis. Vol. VIT. (1934). 270 Segmentis oblongis, plerisque falcatis, obtusis, 4 mm. latis, obtuse serratis, sinubus angustis separatis, basali- bus basiscopicis valde reductis. Venis simplicibus, remotis, valde obliquis, non prominentibus, in segmentis majoribus 5-6-jugis. Soris in lobis ca. 1 mm. a nervo mediano remotis et marginem fere attingentibus, parte costali pinnarum fere 1 cm. lata indivisa sterili. Indusiis brunneis, integris, nonnullis diplazioideis, margine exteriore revoluto striam elevatam ad super- ficiem relinquente. SARAWAK: foot of Mt. Poi (Mjoéberg, type in Herb. C. Chr.). Kinabalu: Tenompok (H. 25880, Cl. 28412, 29275). A most distinct species, easily recognised by the unequal-sided pinne, the upper side of which is much broader in the lower half than the basiscopic one, and by the sori being placed far from the costa and midrib of the lobes, confined to the marginal half of the lobes. The re- curved indusia leave at their outer edge an elevated rim similar to that found in Asplenium scolopendrioides. This rim is not so evident in Holttum’s specimen, which is other- wise very like the type except for the stipe and rachis being lighter in colour. The rim is distinct in the Clemens specimens, which are also larger, with pinne to 20 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide. Related to D. porense is D. falcinellum C. Chr. nom. nov. (Asplenium matangense Hose, Jour. Str. Br. R. Asiatic Soc. no. 82: 58. 1899), a species that has been overlooked by almost all writers. It was re-collected by Dr. Matthew on Mt. Matang, Sarawak, in 1912. Dr. Matthew believed it to be my D. matangense Index Suppl. 27 (1913), which however is another name for Athyrium carnosum Copel., a quite different species. Matthew’s fine specimens at Kew show a close resemblance to D. poiense in colour and in the shape of the pinnules, but the fronds are bipinnate-pinnati- fid; the lower pinne resemble strikingly a whole smaller frond of D. poiense, the upper ones (and all pinne of smaller fronds) have subentire, auricled, falcate pinnules. Further, the species differs from D. poiense in its thinner fronds without scales above the base of the stipes, and in the scales of the rhizome, which are light red-brown and broader. D. Christii C. Chr.—Gurulau spur (Cl. 10860). Named by Copeland, probably correctly. Scales very few, lanceolate, brown, entire. D. tricholepis C. Chr. n. sp. D. Christi magnitudine, divisione, figura laciniarum, textura sorisque valde similis, ab ea differt: stipite, rachi et costis infra paleis Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 271 filiformibus, brunneis, ciliato-dentatis (dentibus palli- dis) sat dense vestitis, pinnis infimis multo abbreviatis. KINABALU: Kamborangah, near small streams in forest (H. 25522, type in Herb. C. Chr.), falls above Lumu, in gorge (Cl. 29579). Plate 57. Stipe 25 cm. long with many lanceolate brown minutely ciliate scales at base. Lamina broadly lanceolate, 70 cm. long, 25 cm. wide, bipinnatifid. Pinnz sessile, truncate at base, acuminate, incised to a wing 2 mm. broad, the seg- ments patent, triangular-oblong, 6-7 mm. wide at base, those of the lower side usually somewhat longer than the upper ones (1.4 against 1.2 cm.), obtuse and toothed in the outer half or occasionally acute on the lower pinne. Veins dark, 6-7-jugate, forked or simple; sori narrow, straight, extend- ing from the costa nearly to the edge, the acroscopic basal one diplazioid. The description here given fits D. Christui equally well, except that the scales are very different. D. speciosum B].—Tenompok to Lumu Lumu, terrestrial in forest (H. 25444). A widely-spread species which I united with D. sorso- gonense Pr. in my Index, probably wrongly. The specimen quoted agrees excellently with another in my herbarium from Java which I have noted as typical. It is larger than the two former species, subcoriaceous, much deeper incised, sub-bipinnate, the pinnules or segments spaced, oblong, subacute, 15-18 mm. long by 5 mm. wide, serrate nearly from the base. The scales are very few, linear. D. levipes C. Chr. n. sp.—Rhizomate breve repente, radi- cibus crassis nigris multis vestito; stipitibus fascicula- tis. Stipite ad 55 cm. longo brunneo, levi glabroque, basi sparse paleaceo sursum subnudo (paleis brunneis, integris, basi peltatis, mox deciduis hinc inde preditis). Lamina ovata, ca. 70 cm. longa, supra basin 35 cm. lata, tenuiter papyracea, infra (sicca) brunnea, glaberrima nudaque, basi bipinnata sursum bipinnatifida, rachi 10 cm. infra apicem superne gemmifera. Pinnis subal- ternis; inferioribus 8 cm. inter se remotis, petiolatis (petiolo 2 cm. longo) ; iis secundi paris maximis, ad 25 cm. longis, medio 8 em. latis (infimis paulo breviori- bus), breve acuminatis, versus basin angustatis et pinnatis (pinnulis liberis 1-3-jugis, adnatis), sursum profunde pinnatifidis, segmentis medialibus maximis, ca. 4-5 cm. longis, 1-1.2 cm. latis, acutis, serratis; pinnis superioribus sessilibus, pinnatifidis, segmentis ca. 2 cm. longis, 7 mm. latis, subcontiguis, oblongis, obli- quis, versus apicem postice rotundatum antice subacu- tum dentatis, basalibus acroscopicis multo reductis. Vol. VII. (1934). 272 Venis in segmentis majoribus pinnatis, in minoribus e medio furcatis (ramis confertis) vel simplicibus. Soris angustis e costula vix ultra medium segmenti extensis, multis diplazioideis ; indusiis perangustis, cito evanidis. KINABALU: near Dallas, terrestrial in forest (H. 25259, type in Herb. C. Chr.), Kiau (Tp. 1537). Plate 58. Closely related to D. spiniferum v. A. v. R. Handb. Suppl. 265 (Athyrium muricatum Copel.) from Sarawak and Dutch Borneo (Hallier 3227), to which Copeland referred Topping 1537. That species is quite similar in size, colour and division, but the stipe is prickly, the segments all entire, the sori far from the costule, and the - frond coriaceous. Athyrium carnosum Copel. is another near ally with thick, nearly carnose fronds. D. barbatum C, Chr. n. sp.—Rhizomate breve erecto, stipiti- bus fasciculatis. Stipite ad 30 cm. longo, brunneo, sulcato, ubique cum rachi densissime squamoso; squamis plus minusve squarrosis, lanceolatis vel linearibus, inferioribus maximis, in apicem piliformem minute dentatum longissime acuminatis, brunneis, con- coloribus. Lamina late lanceolata, ad 65 cm. longa, 30 cm. lata, obscure viridi, papyracea, bipinnata vel folii minoris bipinnatifida, rachi ut stipite squamis (parvioribus) barbata. Pinnis folii majoris alternis, sessilibus, 8 cm. inter se remotis, maximis 15 cm. longis, 5 em. latis, infimis paulo abbreviatis, basi squaliter truncatis, breve acuminatis, fere omnibus infra apicem pinnatifidum pinnatis; pinnulis liberis ca. 10-jugis, alternis, patentibus, ad 2.5 cm. longis, 1 cm. latis, basi late ad costam adnatis, apice acutis vel rotundatis, plus minusve profunde crenulato-serrulatis, apicem versus seepe leviter dilatatis; costis costulisque inferne ut rachi dense barbatis, superne sparse fibrillosis. Venis prope basin furcatis, ramo basiscopico sepissime iterum furcato vel subpinnato, acroscopico solum sori- fero. Soris angustis, e costula fere ad marginem extensis, obliquis et sepe curvatis, infimis diplazioideis; indusilis brunneis, integris. Adest etiam planta minor, foliis bipinnatifidis, pinnis 9 X 2.5 cm., profunde pinnatifidis, segmentis 5-6 mm. latis, sub apicem rotundato-obtusum leviter dentatum integris. KINABALU: Tenompok, terrestrial in forest (H. 25386, type in Herb. C. Chr.; Cl. 29418). Plate 59. Somewhat resembling D. speciosum in general habit, colour and texture, but very distinct by its densely squamose stipe, rachis and coste. The smaller bipinnatifid fronds may easily be confused with D. tricholepis (described Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 273 above), but the shape of the segments is different; in D. barbatum they are of equal width from base to tip, or not rarely broadest above the middle, never triangular-oblong. D. Hewittii (Copel.) C. Chr. Index Suppl. 26. 1913. Athyrium Copel. Phil. Journ. Sci. 7c: 62. 1912.—Marei Parei ridge, terrestrial in low ridge forest (H. 25616). A small leaf, which I think may be referred here, as it agrees well with the type from Mt. Matang in its rigid texture, in the degree of division, and in the costular short sori; but the pinnules are at best 2 cm. long and 5-6 mm. wide. (A larger frond, in the Singapore herbarium, has pinnules to 5.5 by 1.5cem.). »? 77 Brooksw Copel. 275 cuspidifalium v.A.v.R 276 dichotomum Hk. 283 Elmeri Chr. 283 falcatum Lam. 280 filiceps Copel. 276 filmpes Copel. “fh fuliginosum Hk. glachidiatunt Raed b. 275 p ok Rosenst. 273 horizontale Bak. kinabaluense Holt. oi plate 62 Klessii CC. Chr. 2738, plate 60 laserpititfoliume Bak. 233 lobangense C_ Chr. 279 mailayo-aipinum Holt. 280, plate 61 matangense Hose. 270 nidus L. 275 nidus var. ellipticum (Fee) 275 nidus var. phyllitidis (Don) 275 nigrescens Bl. 280 normale Don. 278 pachychiamys C. Chr. 277 plamicaule Wall. 280 porphyrorachis Bak. 279 broltficans v.A.v.R. 276 repandum Willd. 260 scolopendrioides : 3 Sm_ 275 spathulinum J. Sm. 282 spathulinum var. amaurolobum Ros- enst. 282 squamulatum BI. 276 subnormale C opel. 279 temerum Forst. 277 temerum var. retusum C.. Chr. 277 trifoliatum Copel. 276 unilaterale Lam. 278 Athyrium amenum C. Chr. 267, >? plate 56 atropurpureum Copel. 267 318 Athyrium atrosquamosum Copel. 274, u biseriale Copel. 269 y Clemensiz Copel. 266 a Hewitti Copel. 273 uM macrocarpum (BL. Bedd. 266 PS maximum Copel. 273 ss moultoni Copel. 267 i pariens Copel. 274 is porphyrorachis Copel. 270 - pulcherrimum Copel. 267 5 silvaticum (BI.) Milde 268 ” tabacinum Copel. 274 Balantium Copelandi Chr. 224 Blechnum Finlaysonianum Wall. 284 Blechnum fluviatile (R.Br.) Lowe 283 a Fraseri (Cunn.)..Luerss var. philippinense Chr. 284 Ay orientale L. 284 a Patersoni (R.Br.) Mett. 283 pd procerum (Forst.) Sw. 283 ae vestitum (Bl.) Kuhn 284 Botrychium daucifolium Wall. 208 Calymmodon cucullatum Pr. 2097 a gracilis (Fée) Copel. 208 Campium quoyanum _ (Gaud.) Copel. 262 ye subsimplex (Fée) Copel. 261 Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Burm.) Sw. 285 Cheiropleuria bicuspis (Bl.) Pr. 314 Cibotium Cumingii Kze. var. arachnoideum C. Chr. 224 Coniogramme _ fraxinea_ (Don.) Diels 284 “ macrophylla (Bl1.) Hieron. var. Copel- andi Hieron 284 Culcita Copelandii (Chr.) Maxon 224 Cyathea alternans (Wall.) Pr. 2109 x Burbidgei (Bak.) Copel. 220 2 capitata. Copel. 218 a celebica Gepp. 222 P contaminans (Wall.) Copel. 222 Cyathea crinita Copel. 221 dubia Copel. 219 dulitensis Gepp. 221 A elliptica Copel. 219 or Havilandi Bak. 221 ta kemberangana- Copel. 210 if kinabaluensis Copel. 218 fs Korthalsii Mett. 222 nS latebrosa (Wall.) Copel. 223 - longipes Copel. 222 a. megalosora Copel. 221 3 paleacea Copel. 221 i polypoda Bak. 219 oy ramispina (Hk.) Copel. 220 recommutata Copel, 220 a rigida, Copel. 221 Ie squamulata (Bl.) Copel. 210 - Toppingit Copel. 220 » tripinnata Copel. 222 vexans (Ces.) C. Chr. 218 Cyclopeltis Presliana’!) (Jj. Samy) Berk. 258 Cycléphorus adnascens (Sw.) Desv. 313 <4 borneensis Copel. 313 as Christit (Gies:) - 7: Chr; 313 i flocciger (Bl.) Pr. 313 varius (Klf.) Gaud. 313 Cy stodium sorbifolium (Sm.)° J Sm. 230 Davallia alata Bl. 303 a contigua Spr. 303 ‘3 embolostegia Copel. Emersoni Hk. & 233 Grev. 303 a exaltata Copel. 208 Frederici et Pauli 208 r FHloset Bak. 233 _ Lobbiana Moore 233 A Lorrainiu, Hance. 233 luzonica Hk. 233 nebhrodioides Bak. 230 us oligophlebia Bak. 233 Veitchi Bak. 234 Davallodes _ borneense (Hk.) Burbidgei C. Chr. 230 Copel. 230 Davallodes nephrodioides Copel. 230 Che, Dennstedtia ampla (Bak.) Bedd. 227 a cuneata Lj, Smt Moore 227 - comet (Bak.) C\: Cht, 227 Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 319 Dennstedtia rufidula C. Chr. 220, Dryopteris badia v.A.v.R. 241 plate 51 be scabra (Wall.) Moore var. tenuisecta C. Cha. 227 Diacalpe aspidioides Bl. 226 Dicksonia Blumei (Kze.) Moore 22 ys ee Copelandw Chr. 224 Didymochlena truncatula (Sw.) Prom. 254 Diplaziopsis javanica (Bl.) C. war 3745 Diplazium asperum Bl. 274 atrosquamosum (Copel.) Un. 274 wg bantamense Bl. var. alternifolium (BI.) 274 barbatum C. Chr. 272, plate 59 ns biseriale C. Chr. 269 a Cmaristn ©. Chir: "270 a cordifolium Bl. 274 i cordifolium Bl. var. pariens (Copel.) 274 z crenatoserratum Bl. 269 é dilatatum Bl. 273 z falcinellum = C. Chr. nom. nov. 270 ig fraxinifolium Pr. var. grossum (Pr.) 274 a grammitoides Pr. 269 e Hewitti. (Copel.) C. (ar.273 me levipes C. Chr. 271, plate 58 ae maximum C. Chr. 273 “ pallidum (Bl.) Moore 269 i poiense C. Chr. 269 “3 polypodioides Bl. 274 nt porphyrorachis Diels 279 ~ speciosum Bl. 271 - tabacinum Copel. 274 a tricholepis C. Chr. 270, plate 57 6 vestitum Pr. var. borneense C. Chr. 273 Dipteris conjugata Reinw. 314 Drymoglossum piloselloides (L.) Pr: 314 Drynaria sparsisora Moore. 315 Dryopteris aciculata (Bak.) C. (Desv.) Chr. 253 if adnata (Bl.) v.A.v.R. 252 - arida (Don.) O. Ktze. 245 Vol. VII. (1934). baramensis C. Chr. 246 borneensis O. Ktze. 250 Boryana (Willd.) C. Chr. 254 brevipinna C. Chr. 248 €aliesa.(Bl:) C. Chr. 245 contigua Rosenst. 244 erassiolza. -(Bl.) O. Ktze. 242 esasstioua »({Bl.) QO. Ktze var. purpureo- lilacina C. Chr. 242 dissecta (Forst.) O. Ktze. 253 exsculpta (Bak.) C. Chr. 248 ferox (Bl.) O. Ktze. 246 flix mas Copel. 252 filix mas subsp. paten- tassima (Wall.) C. Chr. 250 firmula (Bak.) C. Chr. 240 gracilescens (Bl.) O. Ktze 240 gymnopoda C.Chr. 240 Hasseltii (Willd.) C. Chr. 254 heterocarpa (BI.) O. Ktze 244 hirtipes (Bl.) O. Ktze. 250 Hosen (Balk: ). CC. €hr. 248 immersa (Bl.) O. Ktze. 243 inconspicua Copel. 242 Rinabaluensis Copel. 240 labuanensis C. Chr. 249 laserpitiifolia \(Scort.) Cina 254 lithophylla Copel. 245 lobangensis C. Chr. 245 megaphvlla (Nett.) C. Chr. 246 Metteniana Hieron. 243 microthecia (Fée) C. Chr. 243 mirabilis Copel. 249 muitiseta “© (Bak.). C. Chr. 242 multisora C. Chr. 241 oosora (Bak.) C. Chr. 245 paleacea (Sw.) C. Chr. 250 parasitica (L.) O. Ktze. 244 polita Rosenst. 252 320 Dryopteris porphyricola Copel. 244 gh Ridleyt. (Bedd.) C. Chr. 240 setigera (Bl.) O. Ktze 243 = sparsa (Ham.) O. Ktze 252 Se stegnogramme (BIl.) C. Cur+250 os sliibarporea (Bak.) C. WHE (252 a subpubescens (Bl.) C. @nn\244 Ay subsagenoides v.A. Woke 243 ue supravillosa C. Chr. 241 Be tabacicoma v.A.v.R. 252 tenompokensis C. Chr. 248 “e Toppingii Copel. 246 - traumeata:’). (P oir.) 30: Ktze 246 ne unita tix) DO. Kizge. 245 ¢ urophylla (Wall.) C. (De; var. nitida Holt. 249 n Vangenderenstorti v. A.v.R. 243 aS vaseosa -(T. “Sm:)) Ktze. 240 5 viseosa’:.4).4 (Sui. Jae Ktze. var. kamboran- gana Chr. 240 Elaphoglossum angulatum (BI.) Moore 290 Sp Beccarianum (Bak.) Cy I 280 e callifolium (Bl.) Moore 289 as Cumingii (Fée) Moore 290 es decurrens (Desv.) Moore 290 f decurrens var. ¢rassum C2 Cur,-200 ff laurifolium auctt. 290 a petiolatum (Sw.) Urb. 291 Gleichenia arachnoides Gepp 212 2 borneensis (Bak.) C. Chiari a bullata Moore 212 o circinnata var. borne- ensis Bak. 211 ce glauca Thbg. 212 “ hirta Bl2rs "6 levigata (Willd.) Hk ot2 Gleichenia linearis (Burm.) Clarke 212 a microphylla R. Br. .210 ihe Norrisii Mett. var. floccigera C. Chr. 212 is vestita var. paleacea Bak! 229 vulcanica Gepp. 210 Gymnogramme avenia Bak. 312 Helminthostachys zeylanica (L.) Hk. 209 Heterogonium profereoides (Chr.) Copel. 258 Histiopteris incisa (Thbg.) J. Sm. 289 ie integrifolia Copel. 286 ny stipulacea (Hk.) Copel. 289 af stipulacea var. integri- ftolia «. (Copel). ae Chr. 289 Humata alpina (Bl.) Moore 231 Humata intermedia C. Chr. 231 si kinabaluensis Copel. 232 oe kinabaluensis var. sub- vestita C. Chr. 232 ie nephrodioides v.A.v.R. 230 5 repens 231 Hymenolepis revoluta Bl. 313 ns revoluta var. plani- uscula (Mett.) Hieron. 313 dt squamata Hieron. var. borneensis C, Chragis Hymenophyllum aculeatum Gebb (L. fil.) Dae 215 Hymenophyllum australe Willd. 213 a badium Hk. & Grev. 214 m Bakeri Copel. 214 af blandum Racih. 214 a Blumeanum Spr. 213 i borneense Hk. 216 a cardunculus C. Chr. 215 cs Clemensia@ Copel. 213 Pe denticulatum Sw, 215 Rs eximium Kze. 213 a formosum Bak. 213 ” fraternum Gepp. 215 he holochilum (v.d.B.) Cc Oher. 28 oe johorense Holt. 214 a Lobbii Moore 214, 215 Gardens Bulletin, S.S. o21 Hymenophyllum microchilum (Baka Chr. 212 3. Neesii (Bl.) Hk. 215 < obtusum Bak. 213 fe pachydermicum Ce- sati 213 a paniculiflorum Bae 213 } perfissum Copel. 214 Se: physocarpum Chr. 215 a pilosissimum Co cthr, 213 Wg productum Kze. 214 ws serrulatum (Pr.) C. Chr... 215 i subflabellatum Ces. 214 Fe thuidium Harr. 215 vestitum Bak. 213 Hy polepis Brooksiz v.A.v.R. 229 = puncta (Thbg.) Mett. = tenuifolia (Forst.) Bernh. 229 Lecanopteris carnosa (Reinw.) Bl. 314 Leptochilus cuspidatus C. Chr. 262 Lettochilus exsculptus C. Chr. 248 Leptoselliguea CC. Chr. Nov. 309 Leucostegia hymenophy!lloides (Bl.) Bedd. 231 Leucostegia immersa (Wall.) Pr. subgen. 231 Leucostegia nephrodioides Copel. 230 ‘ Lindsaya bornetnsis Hk. 235 Lindsaya concinna J. Sm. 235 <3 crispa Bak. 238 ws davallioides Bl. 238 - decomposita Willd. 236 36 diplosora v.A.v.R. var. acrosora C. Chr. 235 - gomphophylla Bak. 235 me impressa Chr. 238 os kinabaluensis Holt. 237 Pa lancea auctt. 235 i nitida Copel. 237 is parallelogramma v.A. v.R. 238 as pectinata Bak. 235 a pectinata Bl. 235 a plumula Ridl. 234 * recurvata Wall. 236 x repens Bedd. 235 z scandens Hk. 235 Z tenera Dry. 235 Lomagramma_ Brooksii Copel. 265 Vol. VII. (1934). Lomariopsis leptocarpa Fée 262 Loxogramme antrophyoides (Bak) G.- Asha. 132 (a avenia (Bl.) Pr. 312 es Blumeana Pr. 312 a ensifrons v.A.v.R. 311, 312 ¥ involuta Pr. var. gigas Copel. 312 a. iridifolia (Chr.) Copel. Il = nidiformis iC Gie-. 312 parallela Copel. 311 Ly zodium circinnatum (Burm.) Sw. 210 en scandens (L.) Sw. Marattia pellucida Pr. 209 Matonia Foxworthyi Copel. 223 Merinthosorus drynarioides (Hk.) Copel. 314 Mesochlzena Toppingii Copel. 254 210 Microlepia Hookeriana (Wall.) , Pr228 vr manilensis Pr. 228 vs Ridleyi Copel, 228 x spelunce (L.) Moore var. vilosissima C. Chr. 2209 - strigosa (Thbg.) Pr. 228 Monachosorum subdigitatum (Bl) Kuhn 226 Monogramme trichoidea J. Sm. 316 Nebhrodium gymnopodum Bak. 240 Nephrodium pteropodum Bak. 308 Nephrolepis acuminata (Houtt) Kuhn 239 . 4 barbata Copel. 239 “a hirsutula (Forst.) Pr. 4 . marginalis Copel. 228 s radicans (Burm.) Kuhn _ 239 Odontosoria 234 Oleandra oblanceolata Copel. 230 Ophioglossum intermedium Hook. 208 y Moultoni Copel. 208 od pedunculosum Desv. 208 a pendulum L. 208 reticulatum L. 208 Oreogrammitis Clemensiz Copel. 292 Pesia radula (Bak.) C. Chr. 229 Photinopteris speciosa Pr. 314 Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link. 284 322 Plagiogyria adnata (Bl.) Bedd Polypodium denticulatum (BI1.) >> 225 Clemensiz Copel. 225 glauca (Bl.) Mett. 225 Plagiogyria integripinnata Bonap. if _ 224 »? aC pycnophylla (Kze.) ‘ Mett. 224 bg pycnophylla var. inte- 4 gra Bonap. 224 rotundipinnata Bonap. 224 subrigida v.A.v.R. 22 sumatrana Rosenst. 22 tuberculata Copel. 224 4 4 »» Platy cerium coronarium (Koenig.) 23 Desv. 314 o Pleopeltis tenitidis v.A.v.R. 310 a Polypodium accedens Bl. 307 2 9? acrosoroides v.A.v.R. 303 Siaaniestain Copel ne 307 albidosquamatum Bl. 2r5 alternidens Cesati 29 angustatum Bl. 309 blechnoides Bak. 30 bongeense Copel. 295 pee podium Copel. noe Copel. 295 9 x? O > brvophyllum v.A.v.R. 299 ceespitosum (Bl. Mett. 203 calcipunctatum Co- pel. 297 carvifolium (Kze. Preu2gs celebicum Bl. 303 ciliiferum 203 clavifer Hk. 298 ) %> ) v.A.v.R. Clemensie@ Copel. 307 commutatum Bl. 309 congenerum (BI.) Pr. 206 consociatum v.A.v.R. 2098 contiguum (Forst.) J. Sm. 303 costulatum Bak. 311 cucullatum Nees & Bi. 207 cucullatum var. szb- gracillimum (v.A. fA C>-Chrs B67 Curtisii Bak. 304 davalliaceum Bak. 303 decrescens Chr. 304 Pr. 300 dolichosorum Copel. 204 durum Copel. 293 ebenipes Bak. 310 Emersoni (Hk. & Grev.) ‘C. Chri gae exaltatum Copel. 298 fasciatum (Bl.) [Fe 208. fluviatile Lauterb. 300 Griffithianum var. borneense Ch. 310 halconense Copel 304 Havilandii Bak. 296 heracleum Kze 311 heterocarpum Bl. 308 Hieronymusii C. Chi. 300 n hirtellum Copel. 295 incurvatum Bl. 311 insigne Bl. 309 integriore Copel. 305 integriore var. raja- ense C. Chr. 305 interruptum C. Chr. BOS ithy carpum Copel. 309 kamboranganum t; Chr. 306 khasyanum Hk. 303 kinabaluense Copel. 2092 laciniatum Bak. 310 lasiosorum (Bl.) Hk. 204 lastosorum Gepp 205 ludens Bak. 294 macrochasimum Copel 310, gS: v.A.v.R. misttetithux Bl. 304 minutum Bak. 301 minutum Bl. 300 mollicomum Nees & Bl. 301 monocarpum Rosenst. 303 Moseleyi Bak. 310 Moultoni Copel. 300 multisorum Copel. 206 muscoides Copel. 208 nutans Bl. 302 obliquatum Bl. 303 obscurum (Bl.) Mett. 204 padangense Bak. 2093 Gardens Bulletin, S.S. 323 Polypodium pakkense C. Chr. 310 Vol. pallens Bl. 305 palmatum auctt. 309 papillatum v.A.v.R. 299 papillosum Bl. 304 peltatum v.A.v.R. 307 platyphyllum Sw. 308 pleiosoroides Gepp. 207 polysorum Brause 308 pseudorevolvens v.A. v.R. 300 bubinerve Chr. 295 pulcherrimum Copel. 304 puncticulatum _-v.A. ae guinguefidum Bak. 310 rajense C. Chr. 305 Reinwardtii (Bl.) Pr. 295 repandulum forma pilosa v.A.v.R. 301 revolvens v.A.v.R. 3CO rupestre Bl. 307 Sarasinorum v.A.v.R. 208 sarawakense Bak. 307 Scortechiniz Bak. 308 serreforme (Wall.) . Sm. 303 sesstfolium Hk. 292 setigerum Bl. 296 sinuosum Wall. 311 soridens Bak. 307 stenophyllum Bl. 307 stenopteris Bak. 307 streptophyllum Bak. 208° subauriculatum _ BI. 395 subminutum v.A.v.R. emend. Holt. 301 subpinnatifidum BI. 299 subpleiosorum Racib. 207 subserratum Hk. 279 subsparsum Bak. 307 sumatranum Bak. 297 tehiatum Sw. 309 teniatum var. borne- ense (Chr.) C. Chr. 310 teniatum var. pal- mata (Bl.) C. Chr. 310 VIT. (1934). Polypodium tzeniophyllum Copel. Polystichum > ey taxodioides Bak. 304 triangulare Scort. 298 venulosum Bl. 303 verrucosum Wall. 306 Warburgii Chr. 295 Wrayi Bak. 307 Zippelii Bl. 307 Zollingerianum Kze. 308 aristatum Pe: 258 gemmiparum C. Chr. 256, plate 54 Holttumii C. Chr. 256, plate 53 kinabaluense C. Chr. 255, plate 52 obtusum J. Sm. 255 truncatulum v.A.v.R. (Forst.) ; 253 Prosaptia alata Chr. 303 Prosaptia contigua Pr. 30 Prosaptia davalliaceum 303 3 Copel. Prosaptia linearis Copel 303 Pteridium esculentum (Forst.) C. C. $45 5230 Pteris biaurita L. 286 Clemensiz Copel. 285 Dalhousie Hk. 285 decussata J. Sm. 286 ensiformis Burm. 285 excelsa Gaud. 286 flava Goldm. 286 Grevilleana Wall. 285 Holttumii C. Chr. 287 kinabaluensis C. Chr. 286 longifolia auctt. 285 longipes Don var. Philip- pinensis (Fée) C. Chr. 286 longipinnula Wall. 285 purpureorachis Copel. 286 quadriaurita var. digitata Bak. 285 rangiferina oe var. scabripes C. Chr. 285 Toppingi Copel. 285 vittata L. 285 33 Pyvcnoloma murudense C. Chr. Sri Saccoloma sorbifolium 239 ©... Chr, Schizza dichotoma (L.) Sw. 210 9°? 99 digitata (L.) Sw. 210 fistulosa Labill. 210 malaccana' Bak. robustior C. Chr. 210 Vat. 324 Schizoloma induratum (Bak.) Copel. 234 is Jamesonoides’' (Bak.) Copel. 234 Scleroglossum angustissimum Copel. 292 iG debile (Kuhn) v.A. v.R. 291 a5 minus (Fée) C. Chr. 292 3 pusillum (Bl.) v.A. v.R. 201 ay pusillum var. an- gustissimum (Co- pel.) C. Chr. 292 ss sulcatum (Kuhn) © v.A.v.R. 292 Sphenomeris chinensis (L.) Maxon 234 Sphenomeris Veitchii (Bak.) C. Chr. 234 Stenolepia tristis (Bl.) v.A.v.R. 226 Syngramma alismifolia (Pr.) J. Sm, 284 Tzenitis blechnoides (Willd.) Sw. 239 ; Tapeinidium biserratum (Bl.) v. A.v.R. 233 Tapeinidium obligophlebium C. Chr. 233 Tapeinidium pinnatum (Cav.) C. Chr. 233 Tectaria coadunata (Wall.) C. Chr. 260 3 crenata Cav. 260 “ decurrens (Pr.) Copel. e Holttumii C. Chr. 250, plate 55 « Leuzeana (Gaud.) Co- pel. 259 a malayensis (Chr.) Co- pel. 260 A pleiosora (v.A.v.R.) C. Chr. 260 met pteropoda Copel. 308 ‘i trifolia (v.A.v.R.) C. Chr. 261 ue vasta (Bl.) Copel. 261 Teratophyllum Clemensie Holt. 262 Trichomanes album BI. 217 x apitfolium Bak. 218 Trichomanes apiifolium Pr. 218 ” auriculatum Bl. 217 5 bilabiatum Nees ct Bl. 216 os bipunctatum Poir. 216 a brevipes Bak. 217 mh, cupressoides Desv. 218 serrulatum Bak. 214 Teysmanii_ v.d.B, 216 ; trichophyllum Mo- ore 218 > Vittarta angustata v.A.v.R. 316 angustifolia Bl. 316 os ensiformis Sw. 316 lineata (L.) Sw. 316 p. 324 (index), for Trichomanes serrulatum read serratulum. Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII. Dennstaedtia rufidula C. Chr. Plate : FLORA OF BORNEO H. 25298, < 1/3. late 52. Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII. Plate 5 ir — Garders t FLORA OF BORNEO No. 25490 Norive News : : Botanical tf Se a es aR SY SOY Cth Lecatity Ww ndo te Elevation <<. 12, cook: Deu, ig Noe. wy. Beteta Cediecter, Polystichum kinabaluense C. Chr. H. 25490, < 1/3. | hi ae AS Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII. Plate 52. Polystichum Holttumii C. Chr. H.25513, < 1/3. Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII. Plate 54. oat a Garten , FLORA OF BORNEO Na 2532 Natiew Name : be Se . x Ronssivel hd Yee pee Ced, aps. Eeatity Lotng, Rohe otras Zoos t Date, ih. eee Polystichum gemmiparum C. Chr. H. 25561, < 1/3. “0 * ae Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII. Plate 55. Tectaria Holttumii C. Chr. H. 27313, < 1/3. Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII. Plate 56. Gardens 23 FLORA OF BORNEO No. 26330. { : : OES: Nats oe neo Ok. ~>p. fone In nme < f ee as “2 TPS ie Date, 9) New. 1937 - - f & (ages 2 ee Brus jon i] <2 bere. Collector Athyrium amoenum C. Chr. H. 25530, x 4. Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII. Plate 57. FLORA OF BORNEO No. 25322 - Diplazium tricholepis C. Chr. H. 25522, < 1/3. es “s “e) ANe si TS ha ; aa ; Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII. Plate 58. FLORA OF BORNEO Diplazium laevipes C. Chr. H. 25259, x 1/3. the Ae au Ye sb Sb eee my a hls aya _ ba ere OL aM Npdrmragin at ee mai Hee gee Lm ee tan en em ened ae ine 5 eter tn mea SOY Ge e's aieeip i 606 vie the Howie Ss ARR cy peat bod Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII. Plate 59. Diplazium barbatum C. Chr. H. 25386, < 1/3. Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII. Asplenium Klossti C. Chr. Plate “FLORA OF BORNEO Ns. 13993 * Natiee Name © ek Ach. Sg © heey Cot Botanica! Sel secre : - ee Lovality Retr fc eae ee io. Pate, 89) a? Ans : * Preken Rises “Ge leek te Se ~ Kloss 18993, « 1/3. 60. oH ee va a + oe Mie mitt Fe Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII. Plate 61. FLORA 1 OF _BORNEO - Na S085 Natioe News ; Z Betanieal Porphimain ar Lovely VooicAat., Etesation . €. Raver. Asplenium malayo-alpinum Holttum H. 25485, < 1/5. >- 7 ee eh Pe nat pale éi ay ’ Gard. Bull. S.S. Vol. VII. Plate 62. ‘1 io | " y ee tua {i Asplenium kinabaluense Holttum Cl. 29830, x le Wai: A list of plants which can be purchased ‘at the E Gardens in Singapore and Penang can Ne. had on. applic The same list appears at intervals in the : Gazette. | $8. og Catala as han if The Gardens’ Bulletin is rete irregular inter : as materialbecomes available. The price of separa rate. pat Xe is fixed according to their size. The subseription in advane for the complete volume is $8 in the ma, Pevinsule or 3 outside, post free. Fae ies Reproduction from it is a prohibited, ' GARDENS’ BULLETIN, S.S. Index to Volume VII. Names of new species, and new names and combinations are printed in bold faced type. For other species listed generic references only are given. For indexes of species and synonyms in Carr’s paper on Orchids see p. 56; in Henderson’s paper on Additions to the Flora, p. 127; in Symington’s paper on Malayan Dipterocarpacez, p. 156; and in Christensen’s and Holttum’s paper on Ferns of Mt. Kinabalu, p. 317. Carr’s paper on Tzniophyllum, not being indexed separately, is indexed here; but Bakhuizen van den Brink’s paper on Malayan Ebenacee, being arranged alphabetically, is indexed here only as regards new species, new combinations and new names. Abdominea macranthera (Ridl.) Balanocarpus multifiorus (Burck) Carr, 54, 59, plate 5 fig. B. Symington, 153; 159, plate 47 Abrus, 99 Bauhinia decumbens Hend., 99 Acanthopanax malayana Hend., 105; Blechnum, 283 128, plate 23 Blumeodendron, 124 Acrophorus, 226 Botrychium, 208 Acrophorus Blumei, Ching, nom. Bulbophyllum, 14, index 56 nov., 226 Bulbophyllum abbrevilabium Carr, 18 Additions to the Flora of the Malay = carunculazlabrum Carr, Peninsula, 87 Adenoncos vesiculosa Carr, 37 s chekense Carr, 31 Adiantum, 28 sg Corneri Carr, 16 Aglaia tembelingensis Hend., 94; ig cyclosepaion Carr, 33 128, plate 17 - diplantherum Carr, 27 Aglaomorpha, 314 ie Haniffii Carr, 20 Agrostophyllum, 6 Ss mallieolabrum Carr, 24 Ainsliaea, 108 * nigropurpureum Carr, Alangium, 107 tg 22; 58, pl. 2 Angiopteris, 209 Ss Peskilon Carr, 15 Angiopteris Holttumii C. Chr., 209 ‘a taluense Carr, 22 Antrophyum, 315 2 uniflorum Hassk, var. Antrophyum callifolium Bl, var. plurifiorum Carr, 30 magnum C. Chr., 315 ff uniflorum Hassk. var. Aporosa, 124 rubrum Carr, 29 Arthropteris, 239 1 uniflorum Hassk. var. Asplenium, 275 variebile Carr, 29 Asplenium kinabaluense Holt., 281; ; plate 62 Camarotis, 54 Asplenium Klossii C. Chr., 278; Campium, 261 plate 60 CARR, C. E. Some Malayan Or- Asclenium lobangense C. Chr., 279 chids IIT, 1; detailed Asplenium malayo-alpinum Holt., index to above, 56 280; plate 61 Tzniophyllum in Asplenium pachychiamys C. Chr., the Malay Penin- 277 sula, 61 Asplenium tenerum Forst., var. Ceratostylis, 6 retusum C. Chr., 277 Chamzanthus sarcanthoides Carr, Athyrium, 266 40; 58, plate 4 fig. B Athyrium amoenum C. Chr., 267; Cheilanthes, 285 plate 56 Cheirorchis Carr, 40 in breviscapa Carr, 41; 58, BAKHUIZEN van den BRINK, plate 3 R.C., Enumeration of Malayan = filiformis (H.f.) Carr, Ebenacez, 161 46; 58, plate 4, fig. A Balanocarpus, index 156 Mg fulgens (Ridl.) Carr, 46 Vol. VII. (1934). il Cheirorchis major Carr, 43 re pulverulenta Carr, 45 Cheiropleuria, 514 CHRISTENSEN Carl, and R. E. Holttum, Ferns of Mount Kina- balu, 191 Cibotium, 224 BS Cumingii Kze., var. arachnoideum C. Chr., 224 Cipadessa, 94 Clerodendron hispidum Hend., 119; 128, plate 29 Celogyne membranifolia 58, pl. 1 Coniogramme, 284 Connarus, 99 Culcita, 224 Cyathea, 218 Cyathea vexans (Ces.) C.Chr., 218 Cyclopeltis, 258 Cyclophorus, 313 Cymbidium, 35 Cystodium, 239 Davallia, 233 Davallodes, 230 Davallodes Burbidgei C. Chr., 230 Dendrobium, index 56 Dendrobium metachilinum Rchb. f. var. crenulatum Carr, 10 procumbens Carr, 11 striatellum Carr, 10 yy. ustulatum Carr, 13 Dennstzdtia, 226 rufidula C. Chr., 226; plate 51 scabra (Wall.) Moore, var. tenuisecta C. Chr., 227 compressibulbum Carn 9? A 9°) bb) 99 Desmotrichum Carr,.4 Desmodium, 99 Desmotrichum Carr, 9 Diacalpe, 226 Dicksonia, 223 Didymochlena, 254 Diospyros adenophora Bakh., 164 i amboinensis Bakh., 164 $, Baloen-idjoek Bakh., 165 *e bangkana Bakh., 165 2 bantamensis Kds. et Val., luxurians (J.J.S.) mss., 165 ea bibracteata Bakh., 165 sa campanulata Bakh., 166 - carpinifolia (Ridl.) Bakh., 162 a celebica Bakh., 166 * clavipes Bakh., 166 e- clementium Bakh., 167 Diospyros confertifiora (Hiern) Bakh., 162 conformis Bakh., 167 cordata (Hiern) Bakh., 167 crassipes Bakh., 167 cubica Bakh., 168 curraniopsis Bakh., 168 dajakensis Bakh., 168 demona Bakh., 169 densa Bakh., 169 durionoides Bakh., 169 elegantissima Bakh., nom. nov., 169; 189, plate 49 ellipticifolia (Stokes) Bakh., 162 Endertii Bakh., 169 eucalyptifolia Bakh., 170 evena Bakh., 163 ferox Bakh., 170 ferrea (Willd.) Bakh., 162 Forbesii Bakh., 170 Foxworthyi Bakh., 171 Gambleana Bakh., 171 glaucophylla Bakh., 171 Greshoffiana Kds., msc., 172 Hallierii Bakh., 172 Havilandii Bakh., 172 hermaphroditica (Zoll.) Bakh., 162 . Hierniana (H. & G.) Bakh., 173 Holttumii Bakh., 162; 189, plate 48 insidiosa Bakh., 173; 189, plate 50 insularis Bakh., 173 Jaherii Bakh., 173 Janowskyi Bakh., 163 javanica Bakh., 174 Kingii Bakh., 174 koeboensis Bakh., 175 levigata Bakh., 175 Lolin Bakh., 175 Maingayi (Hiern) Bakh., 164 malaccensis Bakh., 176 Malam Bakh., 176 micromera Bakh., 176 Minahase Bakh., 177 minutiflora Bakh., 177 muricata Bakh., 177 myrmecocalyx (Hiern) Bakh., 178 nana Bakh., 178 nemorosa Bakh., 178 neurosepala Bakh., 178 novoguineensis Bakh., 179 pahangensis, Bakh., 179 palembanica Bakh., 180 papuana Bakh., 180 Gardens Bulletin, S.S. iil Diospyros Paracsi Bakh., 180 perakensis Bakh., 181 perfida Bakh., 181 poiensis Bakh., 181 pseudo-malabarica Bakh., 182 pubicalyx Bakh., 182 pulchra Bakh., 183 puncticulosa Bakh., nom. nov., 164 retrofracta Bakh., 183 Ridleyi, Bakh., 183 23 ha rostrata (Merr.) Bakh., 163 u Rumphii Bakh., nom. nov., 184 sarawakana Bakh., 184 selangorensis Bakh., 184 setosa Bakh., 184 - Siamang Bakh., 184 simaloeerensis Bakh., 185 singaporensis Bakh., 185 sogeriensis Bakh., 185 soporifera Bakh., 186 sundaica Bakh., nom. nov., 186 tahanensis Bakh., 163 transitoria Bakh., 186 tuberculata Bakh., 187 venenosa Bakh., 187 vestita Bakh., 187 Ri Yeobii Bakh., 188 Diplaziopsis, 275 Diplazium, 268 Diplazium atrosquamosum (Copel.) C. Chr., 274 4 barbatum C. Chr., 272; plate 59 es falcinellum CC. Chr., nom, nov, 270 a levipes C. Chr., 271; plate 58 poiense C. Chr., 269 tricholepis C. Chr., 270; plate 57 vestitum Pt; var. borneense C. Chr., 273 Diplocaulobium malayanum Carr, 6 Dipteris, 314 Dipterocarpacee, Malayan, Notes on, 129 Drymoglossum, 314 Drynaria, 315 Dysoxylum Corneri Hend., 92 Dysoxylum undulatum Hend., 90 Dryopteris, 240 Dryopteris baramensis C. Chr., 246 Dryopteris crassifolia O. Ktze. var. purpureo-lilacina CC. Chr., 242 lobangensis C. Chr., 245 39 Vol. VIT. (19384). Dryopteris multisora C. Chr., 241 supravillosa C. Chr., 241 tenompokensis C. Chr., 248 urophylla C. Chr. var. nitida Holt., 249 nid viscosa O. Ktze., var, kamborangana C. Chr., 240 Ebenacez, Malayan, Enumeration of, 161 Elaphoglossum, 289 Endiandra_ Holttumii 128, plate 51 Enumeration of Malayan Ebenacee, 161 Exceecaria, 125 Fagrea calcarea Hend., 113; 128, plate 28B Fagrea Sparei 128, plate 28A Ferns of Mount Kinabalu, 191 Flora of the Malay Peninsula, Addi- tions to, 87 Gleichenia, 210 Hend., 120, Hend., 114; Gleichenia borneensis (Bak.) OC. Chr. ;. 211 Norrisii Mett. var, 3? floccigera C. Chr., 212 Goniothalamus tortilipetalum Hend., 88; 128, plate 15 Helminthostachys, 209 HENDERSON M.R., Additions to the Flora of the Malay Peninsula, 87 Heterogonium, 258 Histiopteris, 289 HOLTTUM R.E., and Carl Christ- ensen, Ferns of Mount Kinabalu, 191 Horsfieldia bracteosa Hend., 120; 128, plate 30 Humata, 231 Humata kinabaluensis Copel. var. subvestita C. Chr., 232 Hymenolepis, 313 Hymenophyllum, 212 Hymenophylium pilosissimum C. Chr., 213 Hypolepis, 229 Index to Orchids, 56; to Additions to Flora, 127; to Dipterocarpacee, 156; to Ferns, 317 Keenania, 107 Kinabalu, Ferns of, 191 Languas pahangensis (Ridl.) Hend., 125 Lasianthus, 107 Lecanopteris, 314 1V Leucostegia, 231 Lindsaya, 234 Lindsaya diplosora v. A. v. R. var. acrosora C. Chr., 235 ee kinabaluensis Holt., 237 Liparis, 6 Lomagramma, 265 Lomariopsis, 262 Loxogramme, 311 Loxogramme nidiformis C. Chr., 312 Lygodium, 210 Malayan Ebenacee, Enumeration of, 161 Malayan Dipterocarpacee, Notes on, 129 Malayan Orchids III, some, 1 Malay Peninsula, Additions to the Flora of, 87 Marrattia, 209 Marumia, 104 Matonia, 223 Medinilla crassiramea Hend., 103; 128, plate 21 Meliosma _rufopilosa 128, plate 18 Merinthosorus, 314 Mesochlzna, 254 Microlepia, 228 Microsaccus, 52, index 56 Microsaccus truncatus Carr, 52 Microstylis reniloba Carr, 46 Monachosorum, 226 Monogramma, 316 Myriophyllum, 103 Nephrolepis, 239 Notes on Malayan Dipterocarpaceze I, 129 Oberonia 4, Index 56 Oleandra, 239 Ophioglossum, 208 Orchids, 1; 61 Orchidantha calcarea Hend., 125 Oreogrammitis, 292 Peesia, 229 Parabosa Bakeri Hend., 115 Parabwa Bettiana Hend., 116 2 floribunda Hend., 117 Parinarium latifolium Hend., 102 Phalzenopsis, 37 Photinopteris, 314 Phreatia, 36, index 57 Pistacia malayana Hend., 97; 128, plate 19 Pityrogramma, 284 Plagiogyria, 224 Platycerium, 314 Polypodium, 292 € kamboranganum ©. Chr., 306 Hend., 96; Be pakkense ©. Chr., 310 Polystichum, 255 Polystichum gemmiparum C. Chr., 256; plate 54 Polystichum Holttumii C. Chr., 256; plate 53 Polystichum kinabaluensis C. Chr., 255; plate 52 Pomatocalpa elongatum Carr, 50 Pratia, 108 Pteridium, 230 Pteridium escuientum (Forst.) C. Chr., 230 Pteridium esculentum (Forst.) C. Chr., 280 Pteris, 285 * Holttumii C. Chr., 287 a kinabaluensis C. Chr., 286 - rangiferina Pr: var. 4 scabripes C. Chr., 285 Pygeum odoratum Hend., 101; 128, plate 20 Richeriella malayana Hend., 128, plate 32 Sarcochilus, 40 Sauropus calcareus Hend., 121 Schefflera musangensis Hend., 105; 128, plate 22 Scleroglossum, 291 Schizza, 210 va malaccana Bak. var. robustior C. Chr., 210 Schizoloma, 234 Shorea, index 156 * hopeifolia (Hiern) Syming- ton, 150; 159, plate 46 Sonerila, 104 Spatholobus, 99 Sphenomeris, 234 122; Sphenomeris Veitchii (Bak.) C. Chr., 234 Stenolepia, 226 Sumbaviopsis, 125 Sycopsis, 103 SYMINGTON C. F., Notes on Malayan Dipterocarpacez I, 129 Syngramma, 284 Tzniophyllum in the Malay Penin- sula, 61 Tzniophylium annuliferum Carr, 79; 85, plate 13, fig. A. a calceolus Carr, 76; 85, plate 12, fig. B oe campanulatum =. Carr, 68; 83, plate 8, fig. A ‘ culciferum Ridl., 73; 84, plate 10 at filiforme J. J. S., 80; 85, plate 13, fig. B a: intermedium Carr, 71; 84, plate 9, fig, A pa micranthum Carr, 75; 85, plate 11 fig. B Gardens Bulletin, S.S. ‘4 Tzniophyllum montanum Carr, 74; Teratophyllum Clemensiz Holt., 262 84, plate 11 fig. A Thelasis sucosa Carr, 55 os obtusum Bl., 76 Thrixspermum, index 57 = pahangense Carr, 65; By pulchrum Carr, 48; 83, plate 6, fig. A 59, plate 5, fig. A e pallidifiorum Carr, 78 ; a tenuicalcar Carr, 46; 85, plate 12, fig. A 59, plate 4, fig. C < rostratum Carr, 81; Toxocarpus glabrescens Hend., 109; 86, plate 14 128, plate 26 ia rubrum Ridl., 68; 83, i paucifiorus Hend., 110; plate 7 fig. A 128, plate 27 ruguiosum Carr, 72; Trichomanes, 216 84, plate 9, fig. B Trichotosia, 35 we Stella Carr, 69; 84, Tylophora calcicola Hend., 111 plate 8, fig. B ze Ridleyi Hend., nom. nov. 3 tjibodasanum J.J.S., 111 68; 83, plate 7, fig.B -Urceola montana Hend., 108; 128 viride Garr, 67; 83, plate 25 plate 6, fig. B Tenitis, 239 Vanda tricolor Lindl. var. purpurea Tapeinidium, 233 — Carr, 38 Tectaria, 259 Vigna malayana Hend., nom. nov. a Holttumii C. Chr., 259; _99 | plate 55 Vittaria, 316 43 pleiosora = (v.A.v.R.) C. Wendlandia, 108 : rhe y Av.) C. Chr., Pr pant bee nn oe Hend., 89; Teratophyllum, 262 Zeuxine, 2. Vol. VII. (1984). * a. io * OE Se ahs | * ott y Pe = apa te Sa * ‘i See ! 4) Kh tela lan Wh sane 73 Bret Stes befeira?, Stetererise reTele telat: —~A=9 5 HK rete be) Xi belt fois'e ss) epee 3. isle’ “ote 7 awe Barat as ‘ 2 ihe i £9 0 0-4-9068 +t eke es “ a + oe srr porore $:° Bit ; if. Z 4 i : re ; ts a His o¥i6 eta pase es IPSS STIs