ARID) U Garden of a Commuter's ** Plans and Planting Cbnonitlee Community Arts Association THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I A SEASIDE GARDEN. THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I BY BARBARA AUTHOR OF THE GARDEN OF A COMMUTER'S WIFE," "PEOPLE OF THE WHIRLPOOL," " AT THE SIGN OF THE FOX," ETC. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY LONDON : MACMILLAN & CO., LTD. 1906 All rights reserved M COPYRIGHT, 1906, BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. Set up and electrotyped. Published June, 1906. NortoooB Press J. S. Cashing & Co. - Berwick & Smith Co. Norwood, Mass., U.S.A. SDeaicateu TO J. L. G. I. M. T. AND A. B. P. THE LITERARY GARDENERS OF REDDING CONTENTS CHAPTER PACK I. THE WAYS OF THE WIND i II. THE BOOK OF THE GARDEN, You, AND I . . 7 III. CONCERNING HARDY PLANTS ... .29 IV. THEIR GARDEN VACATION . 48 V. ANNUALS — WORTHY AND UNWORTHY . . 70 VI. THEIR FORTUNATE ESCAPE 92 VII. A SIMPLE ROSE GARDEN . . . . .117 VIII. A MIDNIGHT ADVENTURE 155 IX. FERNS, FENCES, AND WHITE BIRCHES . .183 X. FRANKNESS — GARDENING AND OTHERWISE . 202 LIST OF FLOWER COMBINATIONS FOR THE TABLE FROM BARBARA'S Garden Boke . . . 230 XI. A SEASIDE GARDEN ...... 233 XII. THE TRANSPLANTING OF EVERGREENS . . 246 XIII. LILIES AND THEIR WHIMS 262 XIV. FRAGRANT FLOWERS AND LEAVES . . .281 XV. THE PINK FAMILY OUTDOORS .... 305 ix xii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FACING PAGE A BED OF JAPAN PINKS 296 SINGLE AND DOUBLE PINKS 314 " THE SILVER MAPLE BY THE LANE GATE " . . 326 " A CURTAIN TO THE SIDE PORCH " .... 328 AN IRIS HEDGE 358 DAPHNE CNEORUM 360 A TERRIBLE EXAMPLE 362 " THE LOW SNOW-COVERED MEADOW " . . . . 372 " PUNCH . . . HAS A CACHE UNDER THE SYRINGA BUSHES " 374 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I I THE WAYS OF THE WIND "Out of the veins of the world comes the blood of me; The heart that beats in my side is the heart of the sea; The hills have known me of old, and they do not forget; Long ago was I friends with the wind ; I am friends with it yet." — GERALD GOULD. WHENEVER a piece of the land is to be set apart for a garden, two mighty rulers must be consulted as to the boundaries. When this earth child is born and flower garnished for the christening, the same two must be also bidden as sponsors. These rulers are the Sun and the Wind. The sun, if the matter in hand is once fairly spread before him and put in his charge, is a faithful guardian, meeting frankness frankly and send- ing his penetrating and vitalizing messengers through well-nigh inviolable shade. But of the wind, who shall answer for it or trust it ? Do we really ever learn all of its vagaries and impossible possibilities? If frankness best suits the sun, diplomacy must be 2 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I our shield of defence windward, for the wind is not one but a composite of many moods, and to lure one on, and skilfully but not insultingly bar out another, is our portion. To shut out the wind of summer, the bearer of vitality, the uplifter of stifling vapours, the disperser of moulds, would indeed be an error; therefore, the great art of the planters of a garden is to learn the ways of the wind and to make friends with it. If the soil is sodden and sour, it may be drained and sweetened; if it is poor, it may be nourished; but when all this is done, if the garden lies where the winds of winter and spring in passing swiftly to and fro whet their steel- edged tempers upon it, what avails? What does it matter if violet or pansy frames are set in a sunny nook, if it be one of the wind's winter play- grounds, where he drifts the snow deep for his pastime, so that after each storm of snow or sleet a serious bit of engineering must be undergone before the sashes can be lifted and the plants saved from dampness; or if the daffodils and tulips lie well bedded all the winter through, if, when the sun has called them forth, the winds of March blight their sap-tender foliage? Yet the lands that send the north winds also send us the means to deter them — the cold-loving evergreens, low growing, high growing, medium, woven dense in warp THE WAYS OF THE WIND 3 and woof, to be windbreaks, also the shrubs of tough, twisted fibre and stubborn thorns lying close to the earth for windbuffers. Therefore, before the planting of rose or hardy herbs, bulbs or tenderer flowers, go out, compass in hand, face the four quarters of heaven, and, considering well, set your windbreaks of sweeping hemlocks, pines, spruces, not in fortress-like walls barring all the horizon, but in alternate groups that flank, without appearing to do so heavily, the north and northwest. Even a barberry hedge on two sides of a garden, wedge point to north, like the wild-goose squadrons of springtime, will make that spot an oasis in the winter valley of death. A wise gardener it is who thinks of the winter in springtime and plants for it as surely as he thinks of spring in the winter season and longs for it ! If, in the many ways by which the affairs of daily life are re- enforced, the saying is true that " forethought is coin in the pocket, quiet in the brain, and content in the heart," doubly does it apply to the pleasures of living, of which the outdoor life of working side by side with nature, called gardening, is one of the chief. When a garden is inherited, the traditions of the soil or reverence for those who planned and toiled in it may make one blind to 4 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I certain defects in its conception, and beginning with a priori set by another one does as one can. But in those choosing site, and breaking soil for them- selves, inconsistency is inexcusable. Follow the lay of the land and let it lead. Nature does not attempt placid lowland pictures on a steep hillside, nor dramatic landscape effects in a horizonless meadow, therefore why should you ? For one great garden principle you will learn from nature's close companionship — con- sistency ! You who have a bit of abrupt hillside of im- poverished soil, yet where the sky-line is divided in a picture of many panels by the trees, you should not try to perch thereon a prim Dutch garden of formal lines ; neither should you, to whom a portion of fertile level plain has fallen, seek to make it picturesque by a tor- tuous maze of walks, curving about nothing in particular and leading nowhere, for of such is not nature. Either situation will develop the skill, though in different direc- tions, and do not forget that in spite of better soil it takes greater individuality to make a truly good and harmonious garden on the flat than on the rolling ground. I always tremble for the lowlander who, down in the depth of his nature, has a prenatal hankering for rocks, THE WAYS OF THE WIND 5 because he is apt to build an undigested rockery! These sort of rockeries are wholly separate from the rock gardens, often majestic, that nowadays supplement a bit of natural rocky woodland, bringing it within the garden pale. The awful rockery of the flat garden is like unto a nest of prehistoric eggs that have been turned to stone, from the interstices of which a few wan vines and ferns protrude somewhat, suggesting the garnishing for an omelet. Also, if you follow Nature and study her devices, you will alone learn the ways of the winds and how to pre- pare for them. Where does Spring set her first flag of truce — out in the windswept open ? No ! the arbutus and hepatica lie bedded not alone in the fallen leaves of the forest but amid their own endur- ing foliage. The skunk cabbage raises his hooded head first in sheltered hollows. The marsh marigold lies in the protection of bog tussocks and stream banks. The first bloodroot is always found at the foot of some natural windbreak, while the shad-bush, that ventures farther afield and higher in air than any, is usually set in a protecting hedge, like his golden forerunner the spice-bush. If Nature looks to the ways of the wind when she plants, why should not we? A bed of the hardiest 6 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I roses set on a hill crest is a folly. Much more likely would they be to thrive wholly on the north side of it. A garden set in a cut between hills that form a natural blowpipe can at best do no more than hold its own, without advancing. But there are some things that belong to the never-never land and may not be done here. You may plant roses and carnations in the shade or in dry sea sand, but they will not thrive ; you cannot keep upland lilies cheerful with their feet in wet clay; you cannot have a garden all the year in our northern lati- tudes, for nature does not; and you cannot afford to ignore the ways of the wind, for according as it is kind or cruel does it mean garden life or death ! " Men, they say, know many things ; But lo, they have taken wings, — The arts and sciences, And a thousand appliances; The wind that blows Is all that anybody knows. " — THOREAU. II THE BOOK OF THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I April 30. Gray dawn, into which father and Evan vanished with their fishing rods ; then sunrise, curtained by a slant of rain, during which the birds sang on with undamped ardour, a catbird making his de"but for the season as soloist. It must not be thought that I was up and out at dawn. At twenty I did so frequently, at thirty sometimes, now at thirty-five I can do it perfectly well, if necessary, otherwise, save at the change of seasons, to keep in touch with earth and sky, I raise myself comfortably, elbow on pillow, and through the window scan garden, wild walk, and the old orchard at leisure, and then let my arm slip and the impression deepen through the magic of one more chance for dreams. 9 o'clock. The warm throb of spring in the earth, rising in a potent mist, sap pervaded and tangible, having a clinging, unctuous softness like the touch of unfolding beech leaves, lured me out to finish the trans- planting of the pansies among the hardy roses, while the first brown thrasher, high in the bare top of an ash, 7 8 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I eyes fixed on the sky, proclaimed with many turns and changes the exact spot where he did not intend to locate his nest. This is an early spring, of a truth. Presently pale sunbeams thread the mist, gathering colour as they filter through the pollen-meshed catkins of the black birches ; an oriole bugling in the Yulan magnolias below at the road-bend, fire amid snow; a high-hole laughing his courtship in the old orchard. Then Lavinia Cortright coming up to exchange Dahlia bulbs and discuss annuals and aster bugs. She and Martin browse about the country, visiting from door to door like veritable natives, while their garden, at first so prim and genteel, like one of Lavinia's own frocks, has broken bounds and taken on brocade, embroidery, and all sorts of lace frills, overflowed the south meadow, and only pauses at the stile in the wall of our old crab-apple orchard, rivalling in beauty and refined attraction any garden at the Bluffs. Martin's purse is fuller than of yore, owing to the rise in Whirl- pool real estate, and nothing is too good for Lavinia's garden. Even more, he has of late let the dust rest peacefully on human genealogy and is collecting quaint garden books and herbals, flower catalogues and lists, with the solemn intent of writing a book on Historic Flowers. At least so he declares ; but when Lavinia is BOOK OF THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I 9 in the garden, there too is Martin. To-day, however, he joined my men before noon at the lower brook. Fancy a house-reared man a convert to fishing when past threescore! Evan insists that it is because, be- ing above all things consistent, he wishes to appear at home in the company of father's cherished collection of Walton's and other fishing books. Father says, "Nonsense ! no man can help liking to fish !" Toward evening came home a creel lined with bog moss ; within, a rainbow glimmer of brook trout, a posy of shad-bush, marsh marigolds, anemones, and rosy spring beauties from the river woods, — with three cheerfully tired men, who gathered by the den hearth fire with coffee cup and pipe, inside an admiring but sleepy circle of beagle hounds, who had run free the livelong day and who could doubtless impart the latest rabbit news with thrilling detail. All this and much more made up to-day, one of red letters. Yesterday, Monday, was quite different, and if not absolutely black, was decidedly slate coloured. It is only when some one of the household is positively ill that the record must be set down in black characters, for what else really counts? Why is it that the city folk persist in judging all rural days alike, that is until they have once really lived in the country, not merely boarded io THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I and tried to kill time and their own digestions at one and the same moment. Such exceptional days as yesterday should only be chronicled now and then to give an added halo to happy to-morrows, — disagreeables are remembered quite long enough by perverse human nature. Yesterday began with the pipe from the water-back bursting, thereby doing away with hot water for shaving and the range fire at the same time. The coffee resented hurry, and the contact with an oil stove developed the peanutty side of its disposition, something that is latent in the best and most equable of brands. The spring timetable having changed at midnight Sunday, unobserved by Evan, he missed the early train, which it was especially important that he should take. Three other men found themselves in the same pre- dicament, two being Bluffers and one a Plotter. (These are the names given hereabout to our two colonies of non-natives. The Bluffers are the people of the Bluffs, who always drive to the station ; the Plotters, living on a pretty tract of land near the village that was "plotted" into house-lots a few years ago, have the usual new- comer's hallucination about making money from raising chickens, and always walk.) After a hasty consultation, one of the Bluffers tele- BOOK OF THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I n phoned for his automobile and invited the others to make the trip to town with him. In order to reach the north turnpike that runs fairly straight to the city, the chauffeur, a novice in local byways, proposed to take a short cut through our wood road, instead of wheeling into the pike below Wakeleigh. This wood road holds the frost very late, in spite of an innocent appearance to the contrary; this fact Evan stated tersely. Would a chauffeur of the Bluffs listen to advice from a man living halfway down the hill, who not only was autoless but frequently walked to the station, and therefore to be classed with the Plotters? Certainly not; while at the same moment the owner of the car decided the matter by pulling out his watch and murmuring to his neighbour something about an im- portant committee meeting, and it being the one day in the month when time meant money! Into the road they plunged, and after several hair- breadth lurches, for the cut is deep and in places the rocks parallel with the roadway, the turnpike was visible ; then a sudden jolt, a sort of groan from the motor, and it ceased to breathe, the heavy wheels having settled in a treacherous spot not wholly free from frost, its great stomach, or whatever they call the part that holds its insides, wallowed hopelessly in the mud ! 12 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I The gentlemen from the Bluffs deciding that, after all, there was no real need of going to town, as they had only moved into the country the week previous, and the auto owner challenged to a game of billiards by his friend, they returned home, while the Plotter and Evan walked back two miles to the depot and caught the third train ! At home things still sizzled. Father had an important consultation at the hospital at ten; ringing the stable call for the horses, he found that Tim, evidently for- getting the hour, had taken them, Evan's also being of the trio, to the shoer half an hour before. There was a moment's consternation and Bertel left the digging over of my hardy beds to speed down to the village on his bicycle, and when the stanhope finally came up, father was as nearly irritable as I have ever seen him, while Tim Saunders's eyes looked extra small and pointed. Evidently Bertel had said things on his own account, Was an explosion coming at last to end twelve years of out-of-door peace, also involving my neighbour and domestic standby, Martha Corkle Saunders? No ; the two elderly men glanced at each other ; there was nothing of the domineering or resentful attitude that so often renders difficult the relation of master and man — "I must be getting old and forgetful," quoth father, stepping into the gig. BOOK OF THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I 13 "Nae, it's mair like I'm growin' deef in the nigh ear," said Tim, and without further argument they drove away. . I was still pondering upon the real inwardness of the matter, when the boys came home to luncheon. Two hungry, happy boys are a tonic at any time, and for a time I buttered bread — though alack, the real necessity for so doing has long since passed — when, on explain- ing father's absence from the meal, Ian said abruptly, "Jinks! grandpa's gone the day before! he told Tim Tuesday at 'leven, I heard him!" But, as it chanced, it was a slip of tongue, not memory, and I blessed Timothy Saunders for his Scotch for- bearance, which Evan insists upon calling prudence. My own time of trial came in the early afternoon. During the more than ten years that I have been a gar- dener on my own account, I have naturally tried many experiments and have gradually come to the conclusion that it is a mistake to grow too many species of flowers, — better to have more of a kind and thus avoid spinki- ness. The pink family in general is one of those that has stood the test, and this year a cousin of Evan's sent me over a quantity of Margaret carnation seed from prize stock, together with that of some exhibition single Dahlias. i4 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I Late in February I sowed the seed in two of the most protected hotbeds, muffled them in mats and old carpets every night, almost turned myself into a patent ventilator in order to give the carnations enough air during that critical teething period of pinks, when the first grasslike leaves emerge from the oval seed leaves and the little plants are apt to weaken at the ground level, damp off, and disappear, thinned them out with the greatest care, and had (day before yesterday) full five hundred lusty little plants, ready to go out into the deeply dug cool bed and there wax strong according to the need of pinks before summer heat gains the upper hand. The Dahlias had also thriven, but then they are less particular, and if they live well will put up with more snubs than will a carnation. Weather and Bertel being propitious, I prepared to plant out my pets, though of course they must be shel- tered of nights for another half month. As I was about to remove one of the props that held the sash aloft, to let in air to the Dahlias, and still constitute it a wind- break, I heard a violent whistling in our grass road north of the barn that divides the home acres from the upper pastures and Martha's chicken farm. At first I thought but little of it, as many people use it as a BOOK OF THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I 15 short cut from the back road from the Bluffs down to the village. Soon a shout came from the same direction, and going toward the wall, I saw Mr. Vandeveer strug- gling along, his great St. Bernard Jupiter, prize winner in a recent show and but lately released from winter confinement, bounding around and over him to such an extent that the spruce New Yorker, who had the reputation of always being on dress parade from the mo- ment that he left bed until he returned to it in hand- embroidered pink silk pajamas, was not only covered with abundant April mud,but could hardly keep his footing. At the moment I spied the pair, a great brindled cat, who sometimes ventures on the place, in spite of all the attentions paid her by the beagles, and who had been watching sparrows in the barnyard, sprang to the wall. Zip ! There was a rush, a snarl, a hiss, and a smash ! Dog and what had been cat crashed through the sash of my Dahlia frame, and in the rebound ploughed into the soft earth that held the carnatio'ns. The next minute Mr. Vandeveer absolutely leaped over the wall, and seeing the dog, apparently in the midst of the broken glass, turned almost apoplectic, shouting, "Ah, his legs will be cut; he'll be ruined, and Julie will never forgive me ! He's her best dog and cost $3000 spot cash ! Get him out, somebody, why don't you ? 16 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I What business have people to put such dangerous sky- lights near a public road?" Meanwhile, as wrath arose in my throat and formed ugly words, Jupiter, a great friend of ours, who has had more comfortable meals in our kitchen during the winter than the careless kennel men would have wished to be known, sprang toward me with well-meant, if rough, caresses, — evidently the few scratches he had amounted to nothing. I forgave him the cat cheerfully, but my poor carnations ! They do not belong to the grovelling tribe of herbs that bend and refuse to break like portu- laca, chickweed, and pusley the accursed. Fortunately, just then, a scene of the past year, which had come to me by report, floated across my vision. Our young hounds, Bob and Pete, in the heat of undisciplined rat-catching (for these dogs when young and unbroken will chase anything that runs), completely undermined the Van- deveers' mushroom bed, the door of the pit having been left open ! When Mr. Vandeveer recovered himself, he began profuse apologies. Would "send the glazier down immediately" — "so sorry to spoil such lovely young onions and spinach!" " What ! not early vegetables, but flowers ? " Oh, then he should not feel so badly. Really, he had quite for- BOOK OF THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I 17 gotten himself, but the truth was Julie thought more of her dogs and horses than even of himself, he sometimes thought, — almost, but not quite; "ha! ha! really, don't you know !" While, judging by the comparative behaviour of dog and man, the balance was decidedly in favour of Jupiter. But you see I never like men who dress like ladies, I had lost my young plants, and I love dogs from mongrel all up the ladder (lap dogs excepted), so I may be prejudiced. After Bertel had .carefully removed the splintered glass from the earth, so that I could take account of my damaged stock, about half seemed to be redeem- able ; but even those poor seedlings looked like soldiers after battle, a limb gone here and an eye missing there. At supper father, Evan, and I were silent and cere- moniously polite, neither referring to the day's disasters, and I could see that the boys were regarding us with open-eyed wonder. When the meal was almost finished, the bell of the front door rang and Effie returned, bearing a large, ornamental basket, almost of the proportions of a hamper, with a card fastened conspicuously to the handle, upon which was printed "With apologies from Jupiter!" Inside was a daintily arranged assortment of hothouse vegetables, — cucumbers, tomatoes, egg- plant eggs, artichokes, — with a separate basket in one i8 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I corner brimming with strawberries, and in the other a pink tissue-paper parcel, tied with ribbon, containing mushrooms, proving that, after all, fussy Mr. Vandeveer has the saving grace of humour. My righteous garden-indignation dwindled; laughter caught me by the throat and quenched the remainder. Evan, knowing nothing of the concatenation, but scent- ing something from the card, joined sympathetically. Glancing at father, I saw that his nose was twitching, and in a moment his shoulders began to shake and he led the general confession that followed. It seems that he arrived at the hospital really the day of the consultation, but found that the patient, in need of surgical care, had been seized with nervous panic and gone home ! After such a thoroughly vulgar day there is really nothing to do but laugh and plan something pleasant for to-morrow, unless you prefer crying, which, though frequently a relief to the spirit, is particularly bad for eye wrinkles in the middle-aged. May-day. I always take this as a holiday, and give myself up to any sort of outdoor folly that comes into my head. There is nothing more rejuvenating than to let one's self thoroughly go now and then. Then, besides, to an American, May-day is usually a surprise in itself. You never can tell what it will bring, BOOK OF THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I 19 for it is by no means the amiable and guileless child of the poets, breathing perfumed south wind and followed by young lambs through meadows knee deep in grass and flowers. In the course of fifteen years I have seen four May-days when there was enough grass to blow in the wind and frost had wholly left for the season ; to balance this there have been two brief snow squalls, three deluges that washed even big beans out of ground, and a scorching drought that reduced the brooks, unsheltered by leafage, to August shallowness. But to-day has been entirely lovable and full of the promise that after all makes May the garden month of the year, the time of perfect faith, hope, and charity when we may believe all things! This morning I took a stroll in the woods, partly to please the dogs, for though they always run free, they smile and wag furiously when they see the symptoms that tell that I am going beyond the garden. What a difference there is between the north and south side of things ! On the south slope the hepaticas have gone and the columbines show a trace of red blood, while on the north, one is in perfection and the other only as yet making leaves. This is a point to be remembered in the garden, by which the season of blooming can be length- 20 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I ened for almost all plants that do not demand full, unalloyed sun, like the rose and pink families. Every year I am more and more surprised at the hints that can be carried from the wild to the cultivated. For instance, the local soil in which the native plants of a given family flourish is almost always sure to agree better with its cultivated, and perhaps tropical, cousin than the most elaborately and scientifically prepared compost. This is a matter that both simplifies and guarantees better success to the woman who is her own gardener and lives in a country sufficiently open for her to be able to collect soil of various qualities for special purposes. Lilies were always a very uncertain quantity with me, until the idea occurred of filling my bed with earth from a meadow edge where Lilium Canadense, year after year, mounted her chimes of gold and copper bells on leafy standards often four feet high. We may read and listen to cultural ways and methods, but when all is said and done, one who has not a fat purse for experiments and failures must live the outdoor life of her own locality to get the best results in the garden. Then to have a woman friend to compare notes with and prove rules by is a comforting necessity. No liv- ing being can say positively, "I will do so and so ; " or " I know," when coming in contact with the wise old earth ! BOOK OF THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I 21 Lavinia Cortright has only had a garden for half a dozen summers, and consults me as a veteran, yet I'm discovering quite as much from her experiments as she from mine. Last winter, when seed-catalogue time came round, and we met daily and scorched our shoes before the fire, drinking a great deal too much tea in the ex- citement of making out our lists, we resolved to form a horticulture society of only three members, of which she elected me the recording secretary, to be called "The Garden, You, and I." We expect to have a variety of experiences this season, and frequent meetings both actual and by pen, for Lavinia, in combination with Horace and Sylvia Bradford, last year built a tiny shore cottage, three miles up the coast, at Gray Rocks, where they are go- ing for alternate weeks or days as the mood seizes them, and they mean to try experiments with real seashore gardening, while Evan proposes that we should combine pleasure with business in a way to make frequent vacations possible and take driving trips together to many lovely gardens both large and small, to our mutual benefit, his eyes being open to construc- tion and landscape effect, and mine to the soul of the garden, as it were ; for he is pleased to say that a woman can grasp and translate this more easily and fully than 22 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I a man. What if the records of The Garden, You, and I should turn into a real book, an humble shadow of "Six of Spades" of jovial memory ! Is it possible that I am about to be seized with Agamemnon Peterkin's ambition to write a book to make the world wise ? Alas, poor Agamemnon ! When he had searched the woods for an oak gall to make ink, gone to the post-office, after hours, to buy a sheet of paper, and caused a commotion in the neighbourhood and rumour of thieves by going to the poultry yard with a lantern to pluck a fresh goose quill for a pen, he found that he had nothing to say, and paused — thereby, at least, proving his own wisdom. I'm afraid I ramble too much to be a good recording secretary, but this habit belongs to my very own garden books that no critical eyes can see. That reminds me ! Father says that he met Bartram Penrose in town last week and that he seemed rather nervous and tired, and worried about nothing, and wanted advice. After look- ing him over a bit, father told him that all he needed was a long vacation from keeping train, as well as many other kindsof time, for it seems during the six years of his mar- riage he has had no real vacation but his honeymoon. Mary Penrose's mother, my mother, and Lavinia Cortright were all school friends together, and since Mary married Bartram and moved to Woodridge we've BOOK OF THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I 23 exchanged many little visits, for our husbands agree, and now that she has time she is becoming an enthusiastic gardener, after my own heart, having last season become convinced of the ugliness of cannas and coleus beds about a restored colonial farmhouse. Why might they not join us on our driving trips, by way of their vacation ? Immediately I started to telephone the invitation, and then paused. I will write instead. Mary Penrose is on the long-distance line, — toll thirty cents in the daytime! In spring I am very stingy; thirty cents means six papers of flower seeds, or three heliotropes. Whereas in winter it is simply thirty cents, and it must be a very vapid conversation indeed that is not worth so much on a dark winter day of the quality when neither driving nor walking is pleasant, and if you get sufficiently close to the window to see to read, you develop a stiff neck. Also, the difficulty is that thirty cents is only the beginning of a conversation betwixt Mary Penrose and myself, for whoever begins it usually has to pay for overtime, which provokes quarterly discussion. Is it not strange that very generous men often have such serious objections to the long-distance tails to their telephone bills, and insist upon investigating them with vigour, when they pay a speculator an extra dollar for a theatre ticket without a murmur? They must remem- 24 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I her that telephones, whatever may be said to the con- trary, are one of the modern aids to domesticity and preventives of gadding, while still keeping one not only in touch with a friend but within range of the voice. Surely there can be no woman so self-sufficient that she does not in silent moments yearn for a spoken word with one of her kind. When I had finished sowing my first planting of mignonette and growled at the prospective labour en- tailed by thinning out the fall- sown Shirley poppies (I have quite resolved to plant everything in the vege- table-garden seed beds and then transplant to the flowering beds as the easier task), Lavinia Cortright came up, note-book in hand, inviting herself comfortably to spend the day, and thoroughly inspect the hardy seed bed, to see what I had for exchange, as well as perfect her plan of starting one of her own. By noon the sun had made the south corner, where the Russian violets grow, quite warm enough to make lunching out-of-doors possible, and promising to protect Lavinia's rather thinly shod feet from the ground with one of the rubber mats whereon I kneel when I trans- plant, she consented to thus celebrate the coming of the season of liberty, doors open to the air and sun, the soul to every whisper of Heart of Nature himself, BOOK OF THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I 25 the steward of the plan and eternal messenger of God. "Hard is the heart that loveth naught in May!" Yes, so hard that it is no longer flesh and blood, for under the spell of renewal every grass blade has new beauty, every trifle becomes of importance, and the humble song sparrow a nightingale. The stars that blazed of winter nights have fallen and turned to dandelions in the grass; the Forsythias are decked in gold, a colour that is carried up and down the garden borders in narcissus, dwarf tulips, and pan- sies, peach blossoms giving a rosy tinge to the snow fall of cherry bloom. To-day there are two catbirds, Elle et Lui, and the first Johnny Wren is inspecting the particular row of cottages that top the long screen of honeysuckles back of the walk named by Richard Wren Street. Why is the song sparrow calling "Dick, Dick!" so lustily and scratching so testily in the leaves that have drifted under an old rose shrub ? The birds' bath and drink- ing basin is still empty ; I pour out the libation to the day by filling it. The seed bed is reached at last. It has wintered fairly well, and the lines of plants all show new growth. As I started to point out and explain, Lavinia Cortright 26 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I began to jot down name and quantity, and then, stop- ping, said : " No, you must write it out as the first record for The Garden, You, and I. I make a motion to that effect." As I was about to protest, the postman brought some letters, one being from Mary Penrose, to whom Mrs. Cortright stands as aunt by courtesy. I opened it, and spreading it between us we began to read, so that afterward Lavinia declared that her motion was passed by default. "WOODRIDGE, April 30. "Mv DEAR MRS. EVAN, "I am going into gardening in earnest this spring, and I want you and Aunt Lavinia to tell me things, — things that you have done yourselves and succeeded or failed in. Especially about the failures. It is a great mistake for garden books and papers to insist that there is no such word in horticulture as fail, that every flower bed can be kept in full flower six months of the year, in addition to listing things that will bloom outdoors in winter in the Middle States, and give all floral measure- ments as if seen through a telephoto lens. It makes one feel the exceptional fool. It's discouraging and not stimulating in the least. Doesn't even nature meet with disaster once in a while as if by way of BOOK OF THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I 27 encouragement to us? And doesn't nature's garden have on and off seasons? So why shouldn't ours? " There is a quantity of Garden Goozle going about nowadays that is as unbelievable, and quite as bad for the constitution and pocket, as the guarantees of patent medicines. No, Garden Goozle is not my word, you must understand; it was invented by a clever professor of agriculture, whom Bart met not long ago, and we loved the word so much that we have adopted it. The mental quality of Garden Goozle seems to be compounded of summer squash and milkweed milk, and it would be quite harmless were it not for the strong catbriers grafted in the mass for impaling the purses of the trusting. "Ah, if we only lived a little nearer together, near enough to talk over the garden fence ! It seems cruel to ask you to write answers to all my questions, but after listing the hardy plants I want for putting the garden on a consistent old-time footing, I find the amount runs quite to the impossible three figures, aside from every- thing else we need, so I've decided on beginning with a seed bed, and I want to know before we locate the new asparagus bed how much ground I shall need for a seed bed, what and how to plant, and everything else ! "I like all the hardy things you have, especially those that are mice, lice, and water proof! If you will send 28 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I me ever so rough a list, I shall be grateful. Would I better begin at once or wait until July or August, as some of the catalogues suggest? " Bart has just come in and evidently has something on his mind of which he wishes to relieve himself via speech. " Your little sister of the garden, " MARY P." "She must join The Garden, You, and I, " said La- vinia Cortright, almost before I had finished the letter. " She will be entertainer in chief, for she never fails to be amusing !" "I thought there were to be but three members," I protested, thinking of the possible complications of a three-cornered correspondence. "Ah, well," Lavinia Cortright replied quickly, "make the Garden an Honorary member; it is usual so to rank people of importance from whom much is expected, and then we shall still be but three — with privilege of adding your husband as councillor and mine as librarian and custodian of deeds!" So I have promised to write to Mary Penrose this evening. m CONCERNING HARDY PLANTS 9 THE SEED BED FOR HARDY FLOWERS WHEN the Cortrights first came to Oaklands, ex- pecting to remain here but a few months each summery their garden consisted of some borders of old-fash- ioned, hardy flowers, back of the house. These bounded a straight walk that, beginning at the porch, went through an arched grape arbour, divided the vegetable garden, and finally ended under a tree in the orchard at the barrier made by a high-backed green wooden seat, that looked as if it might have been a pew taken from some primitive church on its rebuilding. There were, at intervals, along this walk, some bushes of lilacs, bridal-wreath spirea, flowering almond, snow- ball, syringa, and scarlet flowering quince; for roses, Mme. Plantier, the half double Boursault, and some great clumps of the little cinnamon rose and Harrison's yellow brier, whose flat opening flowers are things of a day, these two varieties having the habit of travelling all over a garden by means of their root suckers. Here 29 30 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I and there were groups of tiger and lemon lilies growing out of the ragged turf, bunches of scarlet bee balm, or Oswego tea, as it is locally called, while plantain lilies, with deeply ribbed heart-shaped leaves, catnip, south- ernwood, and mats of grass pinks. Single hollyhocks of a few colours followed the fence line; tall phlox of two colours, white and a dreary dull purple, rambled into the grass and was scattered through the orchard, in company with New England asters and various golden rods that had crept up from the waste pasture- land be- low; and a straggling line of button chrysanthemums, yellow, white, maroon, and a sort of medicinal rhubarb- pink, had backed up against the woodhouse as if seeking shelter. Lilies- of- the- valley planted in the shade and consequently anaemic and scant of bells, blended with the blue periwinkle until their mingled foliage made a great shield of deep, cool green that glistened against its setting of faded, untrimmed grass. This garden, such as it was, could be truly called hardy, insomuch as all the care it had received for several years was an annual cutting of the longest grass. The fittest had survived, and, among herbaceous things, whatsoever came of seed, self-sown, had reverted nearly to the original type, as in the case of hollyhocks, phlox, and a few common annuals. The long grass, CONCERNING HARDY PLANTS 31 topped by the leaves that had drifted in and been left undisturbed, made a better winter blanket than many people furnish to their hardy plants, — the word hardy as applied to the infinite variety of modern herbaceous plants as produced by selection and hybridization not being perfectly understood. While a wise selection of flowering shrubs and truly hardy roses will, if properly planted, pruned, and fer- tilized, live for many years, certain varieties even out- lasting more than one human generation, the modern hardy perennial and biennial of many species and sump- tuous effects must be watched and treated with almost as much attention as the so-called bedding-plants demand in order to bring about the best results. The common idea, fostered by inexperience, and also, I'm sorry to say, by what Mary Penrose dubs Garden Goozle, that a hardy garden once planted is a thing accomplished for life, is an error tending to bitter dis- appointment. If we would have a satisfactory garden of any sort, we must in our turn follow Nature, who never rests in her processes, never even sleeping without a purpose. But if fairly understood, looked squarely in the face, and treated intelligently, the hardy garden, supplemented here and there with annual flowers, is more than worth while and a perpetual source of joy. 32 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I If money is not an object to the planter, she may begin by buying plants to stock her beds, always remem- bering that if these thrive, they must be thinned out or the clumps subdivided every few years, as in the case of hybrid phloxes, chrysanthemums, etc., or else dug up bodily and reset; for if this is not done, smaller flowers with poorer colours will be the result. The foxglove, one of the easily raised and very hardy plants, of majestic mien and great landscape value, will go on growing in one location for many years ; but if you watch closely, you will find that it is rarely the original plant that has survived, but a seedling from it that has sprung up unobserved under the sheltering leaves of its parent. The old plant grows thick at the juncture of root stock and leaf, the action of the frost furrows and splits it, water or slugs gain an entrance, and it disappears, the younger growth taking its place. Especially true is this also of hollyhocks. The lark- spurs have different roots and more underground vigour, and all tap- rooted herbs hold their own well, the dif- ficulty being to curb their spreading and undermining their border companions. It is conditions like these that keep the gardener of hardy things ever on the alert. Beds for annuals or florists' plants are thoroughly dug and graded each CONCERNING HARDY PLANTS 33 spring, so that the weeds that must be combated are of new and comparatively shallow growth. The hardy bed, on the contrary, in certain places must be stirred with a fork only and that with the greatest care, for, if well-planned, plants of low growth will carpet the ground between tall standing things, so that in many spots the fingers, with a small weeding hoe only, are admissible. Thus a blade of grass here, some chickweed there, the seed ball of a composite dropping in its aerial flight, and lo ! presently weedlings and seedlings are wrestling together, and you hesitate to deal roughly with one for fear of injuring the constitution of the other. To go to the other extreme and keep the hardy garden or border as spick and span clean as a row of onions or carrots in the vegetable garden, is to do away with the informal- ity and a certain gracious blending of form and colour that is one of its greatest charms. Thus it comes about, with the most successful of hardy mixed borders, that, at the end of the third season, things will become a little confused and the relations between certain border-brothers slightly strained; the central flowers of the clumps of phloxes, etc., grow small, be- cause the newer growth of the outside circle saps their vitality. Personally, I believe in drastic measures and every 34 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I third or fourth year, in late September, or else April, according to season and other contingencies, I have all the plants carefully removed from the beds and ranged in rows of a kind upon the broad central walk. Then, after the bed is thoroughly worked, manured, and graded, the plants are divided and reset, the leavings often serv- ing as a sort of horticultural wampum, the medium of exchange among neighbours with gardens, or else going as a freewill offering to found a garden for one of the "plotters" who needs encouragement. The limitations of the soil of my garden and surround- ings serve as the basis of an experience that, however, I have found carried out practically in the same way in the larger gardens of the Bluffs and in many other places that Evan and I have visited. So that any one thinking that a hardy garden, at least of herbaceous plants, is a thing that, once established, will, if not molested, go on forever, after the manner of the fern banks of the woods or the wild flowers of marsh and meadow, will be grievously disappointed. Of course, where hardy plants are massed, as in nurs- eries, horticultural gardens, or the large estates, each in a bed or plot of its kind, this resetting is far simpler, as each variety can receive the culture best suited to it, and there is no mixing of species. CONCERNING HARDY PLANTS 35 Another common error in regard to the hardy gar- den, aided and abetted by Garden Goozle, is that it is easy or even practicable to have every bed in a bloom- ing and decorative condition during the whole season. It is perfectly possible always to have colour and fra- grance in -some part of the garden during the entire season, after the manner of the natural sequence of bloom that passes over the land, each bed in bloom some of the time, but not every bed all of the time. Artifice and not nature alone can produce this, and ar- tifice is too costly a thing for the woman who is her own gardener, even if otherwise desirable. For it should appeal to every one having a grain of garden sense that, if the plants of May and June are to grow and bloom abundantly, those that come to perfection in July and August, if planted in their immediate vicinity, must be overshadowed and dwarfed. The best that can be done is to leave little gaps or lines between the hardy plants, so that gladioli, or some of the quick-growing and really worthy annuals, can be introduced to lend colour to what becomes too severely of the past. There is one hardy garden, not far from Boston, one of those where the landscape architect lingers to study the possibilities of the formal side of his art in skilful adjustment of pillar, urn, pergola, and basin, — 36 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I this garden is never out of flower. At many seasons Evan and I had visited it, early and late, only to find it one unbroken sheet of bloom. How was it possible, we queried? Comes a day when the complex secret of the apparent simple abundance was revealed. It was as the foxgloves, that flanked a long alley, were de- cidedly waning when, quite early one morning, we chanced to behold a small regiment of men remove the plants, root and branch, and swiftly substitute for them immense pot-grown plants of the tall flower snapdragon (Antirrhinum), perfectly symmetrical in shape, with buds well open and showing colour. These would con- tinue in bloom quite through August and fnto September. So rapidly was the change made that, in a couple of hours at most, all traces were obliterated, and the casual passer-by would have been unaware that the plants had not grown on the spot. This sort of thing is a permissi- ble luxury to those who can afford and desire an exhibi- tion garden, but it is not watching the garden growing and quivering and responding to all its vicissitudes and escapes as does the humble owner. Hardy gardening of this kind is both more difficult and costly, even if more satisfactory, than filling a bed with a rotation of florists' flowers, after the custom as seen in the parks and about club-houses : to wit, first tulips, then pansies and daisies, CONCERNING HARDY PLANTS 37 next foliage plants or geraniums, and finally, when frost threatens, potted plants of hardy chrysanthemums are brought into play. No, The Garden, You, and I know that hardy plants, native and acclimated, may be had in bloom from hepat- ica time until ice crowns the last button chrysanthemum and chance pansy, but to have every bed in continuous bloom all the season is not for us, any more than it is to be expected that every individual plant in a row should survive the frost upheavals and thaws of winter. If a garden is so small that half a dozen each of the ten or twelve best- known species of hardy herbs will suffice, they may be bought of one of the many reliable dealers who now offer such things; but if the place is large and rambling, affording nooks for hardy plants of many kinds and in large quantities, then a permanent seed bed is a positive necessity. This advice is especially for those who are now so rapidly taking up old farmsteads, bringing light again to the eyes of the window-panes that have looked out on the world of nature so long that they were grow- ing dim from human neglect. In these places, where land is reckoned by the acre, not by the foot, there is no excuse for the lack of seed beds for both hardy and annual flowers (though these latter belong to another 38 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I record), in addition to space for cuttings of shrubs, hardy roses, and other woody things that may be thus rooted. If there is a bit of land that has been used for a vege- table garden and is not wholly worn out, so much the better. The best seed bed I have ever seen belongs to Jane Crandon at the Jenks- Smith place on the Bluffs. It was an old asparagus bed belonging to the farm, thoroughly well drained and fertilized, but the original crop had grown thin and spindling from being neg- lected and allowed to drop its seed. In the birth of this bed the wind and sun, as in all happy gardens, had been duly consulted, and the wind promised to keep well behind a thick wall of hemlocks that bounded it on the north and east whenever he was in a cruel mood. The sun, casting his rays about to get the points of compass, promised that he would fix his eye upon the bed as soon as he had bathed his face in mist on rising and turned the corner of the house, and then, after watching it until past noon, turn his back, so no wonder that the bed throve. Any well-located bit of fairly good ground can be made into a hardy seed bed, provided only that it is not where frozen water covers it in winter, or in the way of the wind, coming through a cut or sweeping CONCERNING HARDY PLANTS 39 over the brow of a hill, for flowers are like birds in this respect, — they can endure cold and many other hardships, but they quail before the blight of wind. For all gardens of ordinary size a bit of ground ten feet by thirty feet will be sufficient. If the earth is heavy loam and inclined to cake or mould, add a little sifted sand and a thin sprinkling of either nitrate of soda or one of the "complete" commercial manures. Barn- yard manure, unless very well rotted and thoroughly worked under, is apt to develop fungi destructive to seedlings. This will be sufficient preparation if the soil is in average condition ; but if the earth is old and worn out, it must be either sub-soiled or dug and enriched with barnyard (not stable) manure to the depth of a foot, or more if yellow loam is not met below that depth. If the bed is on a slight slope, so much the better. Dig a shallow trench of six or eight inches around it to carry off the wash. An abrupt hillside is a poor place for such a bed, as the finer seeds will inevitably be washed out in the heavy rains of early summer. If the surface soil is lumpy or full of small stones that escape fine raking, it must be shovelled through a sand- screen, as it is impossible for the most ambitious seed to grow if its first attempt is met by the pressure of what would 40 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I be the equivalent of a hundred- ton boulder to a man. It is to details such as these that success or failure in seed raising is due, and when people say, "I prefer to buy plants; I am very unlucky with seeds," I smile to myself, and the picture of something I once observed done by one of the so-called gardeners of my early married days flits before me. The man scraped a groove half an inch deep in hard- baked soil, with a pointed stick, scattered therein the dustlike seeds of the dwarf blue lobelia as thickly as if he had been sprinkling sugar on some very sour article, then proceeded to trample them into the earth with all the force of very heavy feet. Of course the seeds thus treated found themselves sealed in a cement vault, somewhat after the manner of treating victims of the Inquisition, the trickle of moisture that could possibly reach them from a careless watering only serving to prolong their death from suffocation. The woman gardener, I believe, is never so stupid as this; rather is she tempted to kill by kindness in overfertilizing and overwatering, but too lavish of seed in the sowing she certainly is, and I speak from the con- viction born of my own experience. When the earth is all ready for the planting, and the CONCERNING HARDY PLANTS 41 sweet, moist odour rises when you open the seed papers with fingers almost trembling with eagerness, it seems second nature to be lavish. If a few seeds will produce a few plants, why not the more the merrier? If they come up too thick, they can be thinned out, you argue, and thick sowing is being on the safe side. But is it? Quite the contrary. When the seedlings appear, you delay, waiting for them to gain a good start before jar- ring their roots by thinning. All of a sudden they make such strides that when you begin, you are appalled by the task, and after a while cease pulling the individ- ual plants, but recklessly attack whole "chunks" at once, or else give up in a despair that results in a row of anaemic, drawn-out starvelings that are certainly not to be called a success. After having tried and duly weighed the labour connected with both methods, I find it best to sow thinly and to rely on filling gaps by taking a plant here and there from a crowded spot. For this reason, as well as that of uniformity also, it is always better to sow seeds of hardy or annual flowers in a seed bed, and then remove, when half a dozen leaves appear, to the permanent position in the ornamental part of the garden. With annuals, of course, there are some exceptions to this rule, — in the case of sweet peas, nasturtiums, 42 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I mignonette, portulaca, poppies, and the like, where great quantities are massed. When you have prepared a hardy seed bed of the dimensions of ten by thirty feet, which will allow of thirty rows, ten feet long and a foot apart (though you must double the thirty feet if you intend to cultivate between the rows with any sort of weeding machine, and if you have room there should be two feet or even three between the rows), draw a garden line taut across the narrow way of the plot at the top, snap it, and you will have the drill for your first planting, which you may deepen if the seeds be large. Before beginning, make a list of your seeds, with the heights marked against each, and put the tallest at the top of the bed. "Why bother with this, when they are to be trans- planted as soon as they are fist up?" I hear Mary Penrose exclaim quickly, her head tipped to one side like an inquisitive bird. Because this seed bed, if well planned, will serve the double purpose of being also the "house supply bed." If, when the transplanting is done, the seedlings are taken at regular intervals, instead of all from one spot, those that remain, if not needed as emergency fillers, will bloom as they stand and be the flowers to be util- CONCERNING HARDY PLANTS 43 ized by cutting for house decoration, without depriv- ing the garden beds of too much of their colour. At the commercial florists, and in many of the large private gardens, rows upon rows of flowers are grown on the vegetable- garden plan, solely for gathering for the house, and while those with limited labour and room cannot do this extensively, they can gain the same end by an intelligent use of their seed beds. Many men (and more especially many women), many minds, but however much tastes may differ I think that a list of thirty species of herbaceous perennials should be enough to satisfy the ambition of an amateur, at least in the climate of the middle and eastern United States. I have tried many more, and I could be satis- fied with a few less. Of course by buying the seeds in separate colours, as in the single case of pansies, one may use the entire bed for a single species, but the cal- culation of size is based upon either a ten-foot row of a mixture of one species, or else that amount of ground subdivided among several colours. Of the seeds for the hardy beds themselves, the entic- ing catalogues offer a bewildering array. The maker of the new garden would try them all, and thereby often brings on a bit of horticultural indigestion in which gardener and garden suffer equally, and the resulting 44 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I plants frequently perish from pernicious anaemia. Of the number of plants needed, each gardener must be the judge; also, in spite of many warnings and direc- tions, each one must finally work on the lines of per- sonally won experience. What is acceptable to the soil and protected by certain shelter in my garden on one side of hill crest or road may not flourish in a different soil and exposure only a mile away. One thing is very certain, however, — it is time wasted to plant a hardy garden of herbaceous plants in shallow soil. In starting the hardy seed bed it is always safe to plant columbines, Canterbury bells, coreopsis, larkspur, pinks in variety, foxgloves, hollyhocks, gaillardia, the cheerful evergreen candy-tuft, bee balm and its cousin wild bergamot, forget-me-nots, evening primroses, and the day-flowering sundrops, Iceland and Oriental pop- pies, hybrid phlox, the primrose and cowslips of both English fields and gardens, that are quite hardy here (at least in the coastwise New England and Middle states), double feverfew, lupins, honesty, with its profusion of lilac and white bloom and seed vessels that glisten like mother-of-pearl, the tall snapdragons, decorative alike in garden or house, fraxinella or gas plant, with its spikes of odd white flowers, and pansies, always pansies, for the open in spring and autumn, in rich, shady nooks FRAXINELLA, — GERMAN IRIS AND CANDY-TUFT. CONCERNING HARDY PLANTS 45 all summer, and even at midwinter a few tufts left in a sunny spot, at the bottom of a wall by the snowdrops, will surprise you with round, cheerful faces with the snow coverlet tucked quite under their chins. It is well to keep a tabulated list of these old-time perennials in the Garden Boke, so that in the feverish haste and excitement of the planting season a mere glance will be a reminder of height, colour, and time of bloom. I lend you mine, not as containing anything new or original, but simply as a suggestion, a hint of what one garden has found good and writ on its honour list. Newer things and hybrids are now endless, and may be tested and added, one by one, but it takes at least three seasons of this adorably unmonotonous climate of alternate drought, damp, open or cold winter, to prove a plant hardy and worthy a place on the honour roll. (See p. 376.) Before you plant, sit down by yourself with the pack- ages spread before you and examine the seeds at your leisure. This is the first uplifting of the veil that you may see into the real life of a garden, a personal knowl- edge of the seed that mothers the perfect plant. It may seem a trivial matter, but it is not so ; each seed, be it seemingly but a dust grain, bears its own type and identity. Also, from its shape, size, and the hard- 46 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I ness or thinness of its covering, you may learn the neces- sities of its planting and development, for nowhere more than in the seed is shown the miraculous in nature and the forethought and economy of it all. The smaller the seed, the greater the yield to a flower, as if to guard against chances of loss. The stately fox- glove springs from a dust grain, and fading holds aloft a seed spike of prolific invention ; the lupin has stout, podded, countable seeds that must of necessity fall to the ground by force of weight. Also in fingering the seeds, you will know why some are slow in germinating : these are either hard and gritty, sandlike, like those of the English primrose, smooth as if coated with varnish, like the pansy, violet, columbine, and many others, or enclosed in a rigid shell like the iris-hued Japanese morning-glories and other ipomeas. Heart of Nature is never in a hurry, for him time is not. What matters it if a seed lies one or two years in the ground ? With us of seed beds and gardens, it is different. We wish present visible growth, and so we must be willing to lend aid, and first aid to such seeds is to give them a whiff of moist heat to soften what has become more hard than desirable through man's intervention. For in wild nature the seed is sown as soon as it ripens, and falls to the care of the ground before the vitality CONCERNING HARDY PLANTS 47 of the parent plant has quite passed from it. That is why the seed of a hardy plant, self-sown at midsummer, grows with so much more vigour than kindred seed that has been lodged in a packet since the previous season. My way of "first aiding" these seeds is to tie them loosely in a wisp of fine cheese-cloth or muslin, leaving a length of string for a handle (as tea is sometimes pre- pared for the pot by those who do not like mussy tea leaves). Dip the bag in hot (not boiling) water, and leave it there at least an hour, oftentimes all night. In this way the seed is softened and germination awak- ened. I have left pansy seeds in soak for twenty-four hours with good results. Of course the seed should be planted before it dries, and rubbing it in a little earth (after the manner of flouring currants for cake) will keep the seeds from sticking either to the fingers or to each other. What a contrast it all is, our economy and nature's lavishness; our impatience, nature's calm assurance! In the garden the sower feels a responsibility, the sweat beads stand on the brow in the sowing. With nature undisturbed it may be the blind flower of the wild violet perfecting its moist seed under the soil, a nod of a stalk to the wind, a ball of fluff sailing by, or the hunger of a bird, and the sowing is done. IV THEIR GARDEN VACATION (From Mary Penrose to Barbara Campbell) WOODRIDGE, May 10. "DEAR MRS. EVAN, " For the past week I have been delving in the seed bed, and until it was an accomplished fact, that is as far as putting on the top sheet of finely sifted dirt over the seeds sleeping in rows and rounding the edges after the most approved methods of bed-making, praying the while for a speedy awakening, I had neither fingers for pen, ink, and paper, nor the head to properly think out the answer to your May-day invitation. " So you have heard that we are to take a long vacation this summer, and therefore ask us to join your driving and tramping trip in search of garden and sylvan ad- venture; in short to become your fellow- strollers in the Forest of Arden, now transported to the Berkshires. " It was certainly a kind and gracious thought of yours to admit outsiders into the intimacies of such a journey, and on the moment we both cried, ' Yes, we will go ! ' 48 THEIR GARDEN VACATION 49 and then appeared but — that little word of three letters, and yet the condensation of whole volumes, that is so often the stumbling- block to enthusiasm. " The translation of this particular but will take a quire of paper, much ink, and double postage on my part, and a deal of perusive patience on yours, so to proceed. Like much else that is hearable the report is partly true, inso- much that your father, Dr. Russell, thinks it necessary for Bart to take a real vacation, as he put it, 'An entire change in a place where time is not beaten insistently at the usual sixty- seconds- a-minute rate, day in and out,' where he shall have no train- catching or appointments either business or social hanging over him. At the same time he must not hibernate physically, but be where he will feel impelled to take plenty of open-air exercise, as a matter of course ! For you see, as a lawyer, Bart breathes in a great deal of bad air, and his tongue and pen hand get much more exercise than do his legs, while all the spring he has 'gone back on his vittles that reckless it would break your heart,' as Anastasia, our devoted, if outspoken, Celtic cook puts it. " The exact location of this desired valley of perfection, the ways and means 'of reaching it, as well as what shall become of the house and Infant during our absence, have formed a daily dialogue for the past fortnight, or 50 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I I should say triologue, for Anastasia has decided opin- ions, and has turned into a brooding raven, informing us constantly of the disasters that have overtaken vari- ous residents of the place who have taken vacations, the head of one family having acquired typhoid in the Catskills, a second injured his spine at the seaside by diving in shallow water, while the third was mistaken for a moose in Canada and shot. However, her in- terest is comforting from the fact that she evidently does not wish to part with us at present. " It must be considered that if we take a really com- fortable trip of a couple of months' duration, and Bart's chief is willing to allow him a three months' absence, as it will be his first real vacation since we were married six years ago, it will devour the entire sum that we have saved for improving the farm and garden. " You live on the place where you were born, which has developed by degrees like yourselves, yet you probably know that rescuing, not an abandoned farm but the abode of ancient and decayed gentility, even though the house is oak-ribbed Colonial, and making it a tangible home for a commuter, is not a cheap bit of work. "As to the Infant — to take a human four-and-a- half- year-old travelling, for the best part of a summer, THEIR GARDEN VACATION 51 is an imposition upon herself, her parents, and the pub- lic at large. To leave her with Bart's mother, whose forte is Scotch crossed with Pennsylvania Dutch dis- cipline, will probably be to find on her return that she has developed a quaking fear of the dark ; while, if she goes to my mother, bless her ! who has the beautiful and soothing Southern genius for doing the most com- fortable thing for the moment, regardless of conse- quences, the Infant for months after will expect to be sung to sleep, my hand cuddled against her cheek, until I develop laryngitis from continued vocal struggles with 'Ole Uncle Ned,' 'Down in de Cane Brake,' and ' De Possum and de Coon.' " This mental and verbal struggle was brought to an end yesterday by The Man from Everywhere. Do you remember, that was the title that we gave Ross Blake, the engineer, two summers ago, when you and Evan visited us, because he was continually turning up and al- ways from some new quarter? Just now he has been put in charge of the construction of the reservoir that is to do away with our beloved piece of wild- flower river woods in the valley below Three Brothers Hills. " As usual he turned up unexpectedly with Bartram Saturday afternoon and 'made camp,' as a matter of 52 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I course. A most soothing sort of person is this same Man from Everywhere, and a special dispensation to any woman whose husband's best friend he chances to be, as in my case, for a man who is as well satisfied with crackers, cheese, and ale as with your very best com- pany spread, praises the daintiness of your guest cham- ber, but sleeps equally sound in a hammock swung in the Infant's attic play- room, is not to be met every day in this age of finnickiness. Then again he has the gift of saying the right thing at difficult moments, and meaning it too, and though a born rover, has an almost feminine sympathy for the little dilemmas of house- keeping that are so vital to us and yet are of no moment to the masculine mind. Yes, I do admire him im- mensely, and only wish I saw an opportunity of marry- ing him either into the family or the immediate neigh- bourhood, for though he is nearly forty, he is neither a misanthrope nor a woman hater, but rather seems to have set himself a difficult ideal and had limited oppor- tunities. Once, not long ago, I asked him why he did not marry. 'Because,' he answered, 'I can only marry a perfectly frank woman, and the few of that clan I have met, since there has been anything in my pocket to back my wish, have always been married!' "' I have noticed that too,' said Bart, whom I did not THEIR GARDEN VACATION 53 know was listening; 'then there is nothing for us to do but find you a widow !' "'No, that will not do, either; I want born, not acquired, frankness, for that is only another term for expediency,' he replied with emphasis. " So you see this Man is not only somewhat difficult, but he has observed ! " Last night after dinner, when the men drew their- chairs toward the fire, — for we still have one, though the windows are open, — and the fragrance from the bed of double English violets, that you sent me, mingled with the wood smoke, we all began to croon comfortably. As soon as he had settled back in the big chair, with closed eyes and finger tips nicely matched, we pro- pounded our conundrum of taking three from two and having four remain. " A brief summary of the five years we have lived here will make the needs of the place more clear. " The first year, settling ourselves in the house and the arrival of the Infant completely absorbed ourselves, income, and a good bit of savings. Repairing the home filled the second year. The outdoor time and money of the third year was eaten up by an expensive and oblit- erative process called 'grading,' a trap for newly fledged landowners. This meant taking all the kinks 54 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I and little original attitudes out of the soil and reproving its occasional shoulder shrugs, so to speak, — Delsarte methods applied to the earth, — and you know that Evan actually laughed at us for doing it. " Even in the beginning we didn't care much for this grading, but it was in the plan that father Penrose had made for us by a landscape gardener, renowned about •Philadelphia at the time he gave us the place as a ' start in life,' so we felt in some way mysteriously bound by it. And I may as well assert right here that, though it is well to have a clear idea of what you mean to do in making a garden, or ever so small pleasure grounds, that every bit of labour, however trivial, may go toward one end and not have to be undone, a conventional plan unsympathetically made and blindly followed often becomes a cross between Fetish and Jug- gernaut. It has taken me exactly four years of blunder- ing to find that you must live your garden life, find out and study its peculiarities and necessities yourself, just as you do that of your indoor home, if success is to be the result ! " As it was, the grading began behind the lilac bushes inside the front fence and proceeded in fairly graceful sweeps, dividing each side of the level bit where the old garden had been, the still remaining boxwood THEIR GARDEN VACATION 55 bushes and outlines of walks and beds, saving this from obliteration, and meeting again at the drying yard. " Here the proceeding stopped abruptly, as if it had received a shock, which it had, as at this point the family purse wholly collapsed with a shudder, for the next requirement of the plan was the turning of a long crest of rocky woodland, shaped like a three-humped camel, that bounded us on the northwest, into a series of ter- races, to render the assent from a somewhat trim resi- dential section to the pastures of the real farming coun- try next door less abrupt. "In its original state this spur of woodland had un- doubtedly been very beautiful, with hemlocks making a windbreak, and all manner of shrubs, wild herbs, and ferns filling in the leaf- mould pockets between the boulders. Now it is bare of everything except a few old hemlocks that sweep the pasture and the rocks, wan- dering cattle and excursionists from the village, dur- ing the 'abandoned' period of the place, having caused havoc among the shrubs and ferns. " Various estimates have been given, but $1000 seemed to be the average for carrying out the terrace plan even partially, as much blasting is involved, and $1000 is exactly one-fourth of the spendable part of Bart's yearly earnings ! 56 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I "The flower garden also cries for proper raiment, for though the original lines have been preserved and the soil put in a satisfactory shape, in lieu of the hardy plants and old-time favourites that belong to such a place, in emergency we were reduced, last summer, to the quick- growing but monotonous bedding plants for fillers. Can you imagine anything more jarring and inconsistent than cannas, castor- oil beans, coleus, and nasturtiums in a prim setting of box? " Then, too, last Christmas, Bart's parents sent us a dear old sundial, with a very good fluted column for a base. The motto reads 'Never consult me at night,' which Bart insists is an admonition for us to keep, chickenlike, early hours ! Be this as it may, in order to live up to the dial, the beds that form its court must be consistently clothed — for cannas, coleus, and beans, read peonies, Madonna lilies, sweet-william, clove- pinks, and hollyhocks, which latter the seed bed I hope will duly furnish. "All these details, and more too, I poured into the ears of The Man from Everywhere, while Bart kept rather silent, but I could tell by the way his pipe breathed, short and quick, that he was thinking hard. One has to be a little careful in talking over plans and wishes with Bart; his spirit is generous beyond his THEIR GARDEN VACATION 57 pocket-power and he is a bit sensitive. He wants to do so much for the Infant, the home, and me, that when desire outruns the purse, Jie seems to feel that the limit lies somewhere within the range of his own incapacity, and that bare, camel-backed knoll outlining the horizon, as seen from the dining-room window, showing the roof of the abandoned barn and hen yards, and the difficulty of wrestling with it, is an especially tender spot. "'If it was anything possible, I'd hump my back and do it, but it isn't!' he jerked, knocking his pipe against the chimney-side before it was half empty and then refilling it; 'it's either a vacation or the knoll — which shall it be ? " ' I don't hanker after leaving home, but that 's what a complete change means, I suppose, though I confess I should enjoy a rest for a time from travelling to and fro, like a weaver's shuttle ! Mary hates to leave home too; she's a regular sit-by-the-fire ! Come, which shall it be? This indecision makes the cure worse than the disease!' and Bart fingered a penny prior to giving it the decisive flip — ' head, a vacation ; tail, an attack on the knoll!' The penny spun, and then taking a queer backward leap fell into the ashes, where it lay buried. 58 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I "'That reads like neither!' said Bart, sitting up with a start. "'No, both!' replied The Man from Everywhere, opening his eyes and gazing first at Bart and then at me with a quizzical expression. " Instantly curiosity was piqued, for compared to this most domestic of travelled bachelors, the Lady from Philadelphia was without either foresight or resources. " ' You said that your riddle was to take three from two and have four. My plan is very simple; just add three to two and you have not only four but five! Take a vacation from business, but stay at home ; do your own garden improvements with your head and a horse and cart and a pair of strong hands with a pick and spade to help you out, for you can't, with impunity, turn an office man, all of a sudden, into a day labourer. As to hewing the knoll into terraces up and down again, tear up that confounded plan. Restore the ground on nature's lines, and you'll have a better windbreak for your house and garden in winter than the best engineer could construct, besides having a retreat for hot weather where you can sit in your bones without being observed by the neighbours!' " He spoke very slowly, letting the smoke wreaths THEIR GARDEN VACATION 59 float before his eyes, as if in them he sought the solu- tion he was voicing. "'A terrace implies closely shorn turf and formal surroundings, out of keeping with this place ; besides, young people with only a general maid and a useful man can't afford to be formal, — if they would, the game isn't worth the strain.' (Did I not tell you that he observes?) " 'Let us take a look at the knoll to-morrow and see what has grown there and guess at what may be coaxed to grow, and then you can spend a couple of months during this summer and autumn searching the woods and byways for native plants for the restora- tion. This reservoir building is your opportunity ; you can rob the river valley with impunity, for the clearing will begin in October, consequently anything you take will be in the line of a rescue. So there you are — living in the fresh air, improving your place, and saving money at both ends.' " ' By George ! It sounds well, as far as I'm con- cerned !' ejaculated Bart, 'but how will such a scheme give Mary a vacation from housekeeping and the ever- lasting three meals a day? She seldom growls, but the last month she too has confessed to feeling tired.' " ' I think it's a perfectly fascinating idea, but how 60 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I will it give Bart a "complete change, away from the sound of the beat of time," as the doctor puts it?' I asked with more eagerness than I realized, for I al- ways dislike to be far away from home at night, and you see there has been whooping cough in the neigh- bourhood and there are also green apples to be reckoned with in season, even though the Infant has long ago passed safely through the mysteries of the second summer. " The Man from Everywhere did not answer Bart at all, but, turning to me with the air of a paternal sage and pointing an authoritative forefinger, said, some- what sarcastically, I thought, 'What greater change can an American have than leisure in which to enjoy his own home? For giving Time the slip, all you have to do is to stop the clocks and follow the sun and your own inclinations. As to living out of doors, the old open-sided hay barn on the pasture side of the knoll, that you have not decided whether to re- build or tear down, will make an excellent camp. Aside from the roof, it is as open as a hawk's nest. Don't hurry your decision; incubate the idea over Sunday, Madam Penrose, and I'll warrant by Monday you will have hatched a really tangible plan, if not a brood of them.' THEIR GARDEN VACATION 61 " I looked at Bart, he nodded back approvingly, so I slipped out, first to see that the Infant was sleeping properly, head up, and not down under the clothes, as I had once found her, and then to walk to and fro under the budding stars for inspiration, leaving the pair to talk the men's talk that is so good and nourish- ing for a married man like Bart, no matter how much he cares for the Infant and me. " Jumbled up as the garden is, the spring twilight veils all deficiencies and releases persuasive odours from every corner, while the knoll, with its gnarled trees outlined against the sky, appealed to me as never before, a thing desirable and to be restored and preserved even at a cost rather than obliterated. " ' Oh, Mrs. Evan, I wish I could tell you how The Man's plan touches me and seems made for me es- pecially this spring. I seem fairly to have a passion for home and the bit of earth about and sky above it that is all our own. And unlike other times when I loved to have my friends come and visit me, and share and return the hospitality of neighbours, I want to be alone with myself and Bart, to spend long days under the sky and trees and have nothing come between our real selves and God, not even the ticking and dictation of a clock ! There is so much that I want to tell my 62 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I husband just now, that cannot be put in words, and that he may only read by intuition. When I was younger and first married, I did not feel this need so much, but now life seems to take on so much deeper a meaning! Do you understand? Ah, yes, I know you do ! But I am wandering from the point, just as I yearn to wander from all the stringencies of life this summer. " Evidently seeing me, the Rural Delivery man whistled from his cart, instead of leaving the evening mail in its wren box, as usual. I went to the gate rather reluctantly, I was so absorbed in garden dreams, took the letters from the carrier, and, as the men were still sitting in the dark, carried them up to the lamp in my own sitting room, little realizing that even at that moment I was holding the key to the 'really tangible plan' in my hand. " The next morning. Two of the letters I received on Saturday night would have been of great importance if we were still planning to go away for a vacation, instead of hoping to stay at home for it. The first, from mother, told me that she and my brother expect to spend the summer in taking a journey, in which Alaska is to be the turning-point. She begs us to go THEIR GARDEN VACATION 63 with them and offers to give me her right-hand- reliable, Jane McElroy, who cared for me when a baby, to stay here with the Infant. The second letter .was from Maria Maxwell, a distant cousin of Bart's. She has also heard of our intended vacation, — indeed the rapidity with which the news travels and the interest it causes are good proofs of our stay-at-home tenden- cies and the general sobriety of our six years of matri- mony ! " Maria is a very bright, adaptable woman of about thirty-five, who teaches music in the New York public schools, is alone in the world, and manages to keep an attractive home in a mere scrap of a flat. When she comes to visit us, we like her as well the last day of her stay as the first, which fact speaks volumes for her character! Though forced by circumstances to live in town, she has a deep love for the country, and wishes, if we intend to leave the house open, to come and care for it in our absence, even offering to cook for herself if we do not care to have the expense of a maid, say- ing, 'to cook a real meal, with a real fire instead of gas, will be a great and refreshing change for me, so you need feel under no obligation whatever !' " Thinking of the pity of wasting such tempting offers as these, I went to church with my body only, my 64 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I mind staying outside under a horse-chestnut tree, and instead of listening as I should, I looked sidewise out of the window at my double in the shade and won- dered if, after all, the stay-at-home vacation was not a wild scheme. There being a Puritan streak in me, via my father, I sometimes question the right of what I wish to do simply because I like to do it. " At dinner I was so grumpy, answering in mono- syllables, that sensitive Bart looked anxious, and as if he thought I was disappointed at the possible turn of affairs, but The Man from Everywhere laughed, say- ing, 'Let her alone; she is not through incubating the plan, and you know the best of setting hens merely cluck and growl when disturbed.' " Immediately after dinner Bart and The Man went for a walk up the river valley, and I, going to the living room, seated myself by the window, where I could watch the Infant playing on the gravel outside, it being the afternoon out of both the general maid Anastasia and Barney the man, between whom I suspect matrimonial intentions. "The singing of the birds, the hum of bees in the opening lilacs, and the garden fragrance blending with the Infant's prattle, as she babbled to her dolls, floated through the open door and made me drowsy, and I THEIR GARDEN VACATION 65 turned from the light toward the now empty fire- place. "A snap ! and the air seemed suddenly exhilarating ! Was it an electric spark from the telephone? No, simply the clarifying of the thoughts that had been puzzling me. " Maria Maxwell shall come during our vacations, — at that moment I decided to separate the time into several periods, — she shall take entire charge of all within doors. " Bart and I will divide off a portion of the old hay- barn with screens, and camp out there (unless in case of very bad thunder or one of the cold July storms that we sometimes have). Anastasia shall serve us a very simple hot dinner at noon in the summer kitchen, and keep a supply of cooked food in the pantry, from which we can arrange our breakfasts and suppers in the opposite side of the barn from our sleeping place, and there we can have a table, chairs, and a little oil stove for making tea and coffee. "Maria, besides attending to domestic details, must also inspect the mail and only show us letters when absolutely necessary, as well as to say 'not at home,' with the impenetrable New York butler manner to every one who calls. 66 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I " Thus Bart and I will be equally free without the rending of heart strings — free to love and enjoy home from without, for it is really strange when one comes to think of it, we learn of the outside world by looking out the windows, but we so seldom have time to stand in another view-point and look in. Thus it occurred to me, instead of taking one long vacation, we can break the time into three or four in order to follow the garden seasons and the work they suggest. A bit at the end of May for both planning and locating the spring wild flowers before they have wholly shed their petals, and so on through the season, ending in October by the transplanting of trees and shrubs that we have marked and in setting out the hardy roses, for which we shall have made a garden according to the plan that Aunt Lavinia says is to be among the early Garden, You, and I records. " May 15. Maria Maxwell has joyfully agreed to come the twenty-first, having obtained a substitute for her final week of teaching, as well as rented her 'par- lor car,' as she calls her flat, to a couple of students who come from the South for change of air and to attend summer school at Columbia College. It seems that many people look upon New York as a summer watering place. Strange that a difference in climate can be merely a matter of point of view. THEIR GARDEN VACATION 67 " Now that we have decided to camp out at home, we are beginning to realize the positive economy of the arrangement, for as we are not going among people, — neither are they coming to us, — we shall need no new clothes ! " We, a pair of natural spendthrifts, are actually turning miserly for the garden's sake. "Last night Bart went to the attic with a lantern and dragged from obscurity two frightful misfit suits of the first bicycle cuff-on-the-pants period, that were ripening in the camphor chest for future missionary purposes, announcing that these, together with some flannel shirts, would be his summer outfit, while this morning I went into town and did battle at a sale of substantial, dollar shirt-waists, and turning my back upon all the fascinations of little girls' frills and fur- belows, bought stout gingham for aprons and overalls, into which I shall presently pop the Infant, and thus save both stitches and laundry work. " Mother has sent a note expressing her pleasure in our plan and enclosing a cheque for $50, suggesting that it should be put into a birthday rose bed — my birthday is in two days — in miniature like the old garden at her home on the north Virginia border. I'm sending you the list of such roses as she remembered 68 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I that were in it, but I'm sure many, like Gloire de Dijon, would be winter killed here. Will you revise the list forme? " Bart has arranged to shut off the back hall and stairs, so that when we wish, we can get to our indoor bedroom and bath at any hour without going through the house or disturbing its routine. " Anastasia has been heard to express doubts as to our entire sanity confidentially to Barney, on his re- turn from the removal of two cots from the attic to the part of the barn enclosed by some old piazza. screens, thereby publicly declaring our intention of sleeping out in all seasonable weather. " May 20. The Blakes, next door below, are going to Europe, and have offered us their comfortable family horse, the buggy, and a light- work wagon, if we will feed, shoe, pet, and otherwise care for him (his name, it seems, is Romeo). Could anything be more in keeping with both our desires and needs? " To-day, half as a joke, I've sent out P. P. C. cards to all our formal friends in the county. Bart frowns, saying that they may be taken seriously and produce like results ! " May 22. Maria has arrived, taken possession of the market-book, housekeeping box, and had a satisfac- tory conference with Anastasia. THEIR GARDEN VACATION 69 " Hurrah for Liberty and outdoors ! It begins to- morrow. You may label it Their Garden Vacation, and admit it to the records of The Garden, You, and I, at your own risk and peril ; but as you say that if you are to boil down the practical part of your garden- boke experiences for the benefit of Aunt Lavinia and me and I must send you my summer doings, I shall take this way* of accomplishing it, at intervals, the only regular task, if gossiping to you can be so called, that I shall set myself this summer. " A new moon to-night. Will it prove a second honeymoon, think you, or end in a total eclipse of our venture? I'm poppy sleepy! " May 23. 10 A.M. (A postal.) Starting on vaca- tion; stopped bedroom clock and put away watches last night, and so overslept. It seems quite easy to get away from Time ! Please tell me what annuals I can plant as late in the season as this, while we are locating the rose bed. "MARY PENROSE." V ANNUALS — WORTHY AND UNWORTHY THE MIDSUMMER GARDEN Oaklands, May 25. A garden vacation ! Fifty dol- lars to spend for roses ! What annuals may be planted now to tide you easily over the summer? Really, Mary Penrose, the rush of your astonishing letter completely took away my breath, and while I was recovering it by pacing up and down the wild walk, and trying to decide whether I should answer your questions first, and if I did which one, or ask you others instead, Scotch fashion, about your unique summer plans, Evan came home a train earlier than usual, with a pair of horticultural problems for which he needed an immediate solution. Last evening, in the working out of these schemes, we found that we were really travelling on lines parallel with your needs, and so in due course you shall have Evan's prescription and design for A Simple Rose Garden (if it isn't simple enough, you can begin with half, as the proportions will be the same), while I now 70 ANNUALS — WORTHY AND UNWORTHY 71 send you my plans for an inexpensive midsummer garden, which will be useful to you only as a part of the whole chain, but for which Evan has a separate need. Over at East Meadow, a suburb of Bridgeton that lies toward the shore and is therefore attractive to summer people, a friend of Evan's has put up a dozen tasteful, but inexpensive, Colonial cottages, and Evan has planned the grounds that surround them, about an acre being allotted to each house, for lawn and garden of summer vegetables, though no arbitrary boundaries separate the plots. The houses are intended for people of refined taste and moderate means who, only being able to leave town during the school vacation, from middle June to late September, yet desire to have a bit of garden to tend and to have flowers about them other than the decorative but limited piazza, boxes or row of geraniums around the porch. The vegetable gardens consist of four squares, conveniently intersected by paths, these squares to be edged by annuals or bulbs of rapid growth, things that, planted in May, will begin to be interesting when the tenants come a month later. But here am I, on the verge of rushing into another theme, without having expressed our disappointment 72 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I that you cannot bear us company this summer, yet I must say that the edge of regret is somewhat dulled by my interest in the progress and result of your garden vacation, which to us at least is a perfectly unique idea, and quite worthy of the inventive genius of The Man from Everywhere. Plainly do I see by the scope of this same letter of yours that the records of The Garden, You, and I, instead of being a confection of undistinguishable in- gredients blended by a chef of artistic soul, will be a home-made strawberry shortcake, for which I am to furnish the necessary but uninspired crust, while you will supply the filling of fragrant berries. With the beginning of your vacation begin my ques- tions domestic that threaten to overbalance your ques- tions horticultural. If the Infant should wail at night, do you expect to stay quietly out "in camp" and not steal on tiptoe to the house, and at least peep in at the window? Also, you have put a match-making thought in a head swept clean of all such clinging cobwebs since Sukey Crandon married Carthy Latham and, turn- ing their backs on his ranch experiment, they decided to settle near the Bradfords at the Ridge, where presently there will be another garden growing. If you have no one either in the family or neighbourhood likely to ANNUALS — WORTHY AND UNWORTHY 73 attract The Man from Everywhere, why may we not have him ? Jane Crandon is quite unexpectedly bright, as frank as society allows, this being one of his require- ments, besides having grown very pretty since she has virtually become daughter to Mrs. Jenks- Smith and had sufficient material in her gowns to allow her chest to develop. But more of this later; to return to the annuals, I understand that you have had your hardy beds prepared and that you want something to brighten them, as summer tenants, until early autumn, when the perma- nent residents may be transplanted from the hardy seed bed. Annuals make a text fit for a very long sermon. Verily there are many kinds, and the topic forms easily about a preachment, for they may be divided summarily into two classes, the worthy and the unworthy, though the worth or lack of it in annuals, as with most of us humans, is a matter of climate, food, and environment, rather than inherent original sin. The truth is, nature, though eternally patient and good-natured, will not be hurried beyond a certain point, and the life of a flower that is born under the light cloud shelter of English skies, fed by nourishing mist through long days that have enough sunlight to stimulate and not scorch, has a different 74 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I consummation than with us, where the climate of ex- tremes makes the perfection of flowers most uncertain, at least in the months of July and August when the immature bud of one day is the open, but often imper- fect, flower of the next. As no one may change climatic conditions, the only thing to be done is to give to this class of flowers of the summer garden room for indi- vidual development, all the air they need to breathe both below ground, by frequent stirring of the soil, and above, by avoidance of over-crowding, and then select only those varieties that are really worth while. This qualification can best be settled by pausing and asking three questions, when confronting the alluring portrait of an above-the-average specimen of annual in a catalogue, for Garden Goozle applies not only to the literature of the subject, but to the pictures as well, and a measurement of, for instance, a flower stalk of Drummond phlox, taken from a specimen pot- grown plant, raised at least partly under glass, is sure to cause disappointment when the average border plant is compared with it. First — is the species of a colour and length of flower- ing season to be used in jungle- like masses for summer colour ? Second — has it fragrance or decorative quality for house decoration ? Thirdly, has it the back- ANNUALS— WORTHY AND UNWORTHY 75 bone to stand 'alone or will the plant flop and flatten shapelessly at the first hard shower and so render an array of conspicuous stakes necessary ? Stakes, next to unsightly insecticides and malodorous fertilizers, are the bane of gardening, but that subject is big enough for a separate chronicle. By ability to stand alone, I do not mean is every branchlet stiff as if galvanized, like a balsam, for this is by no means pretty, but is the plant so constructed that it can languish gracefully, petunia fashion, and not fall over stark and prone like an uprooted castor bean. Hybridization, like physical culture in the human, has .evidently infused grace in the plant races, for many things that in my youth seemed the embodi- ment of stiffness, like the gladiolus, have developed suppleness, and instead of the stiff bayonet spike of florets, this useful and indefatigable bulb, if left to itself and not bound to a stake like a martyr, now produces flower sprays that start out at right angles, curve, and almost droop, with striking, orchid-like effect. For making patches of colour, without paying special heed to the size of flower or development of individual plants, annuals may be sown thinly broadcast, raked in lightly, and, if the beds or borders are not too wide for reaching, thinned out as soon as four or five leaves 76 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I appear. Portulaca, sweet alyssum, Shirley poppies, and the annual gaillardias belong to this class, as well as single petunias of the inexpensive varieties used to edge shrubberies, and dwarf nasturtiums. Sweet peas, of course, are to be sown early and deep, where they are to stand half an inch apart, like garden peas, and then thinned out so that there is not less than an inch between (two is better, but it is usually heart- breaking to pull up so many sturdy pealets) and ree'n- forced by brush or wire trellising. Otherwise I plant the really worthy, or what might be called major annuals, in a seed bed much like that used for the hardy plants, at intervals during the month of May, according to the earliness of the season, and the time they are wanted to bloom. Later, I transplant them to their summer resting places, leaving those that are not needed, for it is dimcult to calculate too closely without scrimping, in the seed bed, to cut for house decoration, as with the perennials. Of course if annuals are desired for very early flowering, many species may be started in a hotbed and taken from thence to the borders. Biennials that it is desired shall flower the first season are best hurried in this way, yet for the gardenerless garden of a woman this makes o'er muckle work. The occasional help of the "general useful" is not very efficient when it ANNUALS— WORTHY AND UNWORTHY 77 comes to tending hotbeds, giving the exact quantity of water necessary to quench the thirst of seedlings without producing dropsy, and the consequent "damping off " which, when it suddenly appears, seems as intan- gible and makes one feel as helpless as trying to check a backing horse by helpless force of bit. A frame for Margaret carnations, early asters, and experiments in seedling Dahlias and chrysanthemums will be quite enough. The woman who lives all the year in the country can so manage that her spring bulbs and hardy borders, together with the roses, last well into July. After this the annuals must be depended upon for ground colour, and to supplement the phloxes, gladioli, Dahlias, and the like. By the raising of these seeds in hotbeds they are apt to reach their high tide of bloom during the most intense heat of August, when they quickly mature and dry away; while, on the other hand, if they are reared in an open-air seed bed, they are not only stronger but they last longer, owing to more deliberate growth. Asters sown out-of-doors in May bloom well into October, when the forced plants barely outlast August. Of many annuals it is writ in the catalogues, "sow at intervals of two weeks or a month for succession." 78 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I This sounds very plausible, for are not vegetables so dealt with, the green string- beans in our garden being always sown every two weeks from early April until September first? Yes, but to vegetables is usually given fresher and deeper soil for the crop succession than falls to flower seeds, and in addition the seeds are of a more rugged quality. My garden does not take kindly to this successive sowing, and I have gradually learned to control the flower-bearing period by difference in location. Spring, and in our latitude May, is the time of universal seed vitality, and seeds germinating then seem to possess the maximum of strength; in June this is lessened, while a July- sown seed of a common plant, such as a nasturtium or zinnia, seems to be impressed by the late- ness of the season and often flowers when but a few inches high, the whole plant having a weazened, preco- cious look, akin to the progeny of people, or higher animals, who are either born out of due season or of elderly parents. On the other hand, the plant re- tarded in its growth by a less stimulating location, when it blooms, is quite as perfect and of equal quality with its seed-bed fellows who were transplanted at once into full sunlight. Take, for example, mignonette, which in the larger ANNUALS — WORTHY AND UNWORTHY 79 gardens is always treated by successive sowings. A row sown early in April, in a sunny spot in the open gar- den and thinned out, will flower profusely before very hot weather, bloom itself out, and then leave room for some late, flowering biennial. That sown in the regular seed bed early in May may be transplanted (for this is the way by which large trusses of bloom may be obtained) early in June into three locations, using it as a border for taller plants, except in the bed of sweet odours, where it may be set in bunches of a dozen plants, for in this bed individuality may be allowed to blend in a universal mass of fragrance. In order to judge accurately of the exact capabilities for shade or sunlight of the different portions of a garden, one must live with it, follow the shadows traced by the tree fingers on the ground the year through, and know its moods as the expressions that pass over a familiar face. For you must not transplant any of these annuals, that only live to see their sun father for one brief sea- son, into the shade of any tree or overhanging roof, but at most in the travelling umbra of a distant object, such as a tall spruce, the northeastern side of a hedge, or such like. In my garden one planting of mignonette in full sun goes in front of the March- plan ted sweet peas; of 8o THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I the two transplantings from the seed, one goes on the southwest side of the rose arbour and the other on the upper or northeast side, where it blooms until it is literally turned into green ice where it stands. This manipulation of annuals belongs to the realm of the permanent resident; the summer cottager must be content to either accept the conditions of the garden as arranged by his landlord, or in a brief visit or two made before taking possession, do his own sowing where the plants are to stand. In this case let him choose his varieties carefully and spare his hand in thickness of sowing, and he may have as many flowers for his table and as happy an experience with the summer garden, even though it is brief, as his wealthy neighbour who spends many dollars for bedding plants and foliage effects that may be neither smelled, gathered nor famil- iarized. Among all the numerous birds that flit through the trees as visitors, or else stay with us and nest in secluded places, how comparatively few do we really depend upon for the aerial colour and the song that opens a glimpse of Eden to our eager eyes and ears each year, for our eternal solace and encouragement? There are some, like the wood thrush, song- sparrow, oriole, robin, barn-swallow, catbird, and wren, without ANNUALS — WORTHY AND UNWORTHY 81 which June would not be June, but an imperfect harmony lacking the dominant note. Down close to the earth, yes, in the earth, the same obtains. Upon how few of all the species of annuals listed does the real success of the summer garden rest ? This is more and more apparent each year, when the fittest are still further developed by hybridization for survival and the indifferent species drop out of sight. We often think erroneously of the beauty of old-time gardens. This beauty was largely that of consistency of form with the architecture of the dwelling and sim- plicity, rather than the variety, of flowers grown. Maeterlinck brings this before us with forcible charm in his essay on Old- Fashioned Flowers, and even now Martin Cortright is making a little biography of the flowers of our forefathers, as a birthday surprise for Lavinia. These flowers depended more upon individ- uality and association than upon their great variety. First among the worthy annuals come sweet peas, mignonette, nasturtiums, and asters, each one of the four having two out of the three necessary qualifications, and the sweet pea all of them, — fragrance and decora- tive value for both garden and house. To be sure, the sweet pea, though an annual, must be planted before May if a satisfactory, well-grown hedge with flowers 82 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I held on long stems well above the foliage is to be expected, and in certain warm, well-drained soils it is practicable to sow seed the autumn before. This puts the sweet pea a little out of the running for the hirer of a summer cottage, unless he can have access to the place early in the season, but sown thinly and once fairly rooted and kept free from dead flowers and pods, the vines will go on yielding quite through September, though on the coming of hot weather the flower stems shorten. I often plant seeds of the climbing nasturtium in the row with the sweet peas at a distance of one seed to the fist, the planting not being done until late May. The peas mature first, and after the best of their season has passed they are supplanted by the nasturtiums, which cover the dry vines and festoon the supporting brush with gorgeous colour in early autumn, keeping in the same colour scheme with salvia, sunflowers, gaillardias, and tritomas. This is excellent where space is of account, and also where more sweet peas are planted for their early yield than can be kept in good shape the whole season. Centaurea or cornflower, the bachelor's button or ragged sailor of old gardens, is in the front rank of the worthies. The flowers have almost the keeping qualities of everlastings, and are of easy culture, while the sweet sultan, also of this family, adds fragrance to ANNUALS — WORTHY AND UNWORTHY 83 its other qualities. The blue cornflower is best sown in a long border or bed of unconventional shape, and may be treated like a biennial, one sowing being made in September so that the seedlings will make sturdy tufts before cold weather. These, if lightly covered with salt hay or rough litter (not leaves), will bloom in May and June, and if then replaced by a second sowing, flowers may be had from September first until freezing weather, so hardy is this true, blue Kaiser-blumen. All the poppies are worthy, from the lovely Shirley, with its butterfly- winged petals, to the Eschscholtzia, the state flower of California. One thing to be remembered about poppies is not to rely greatly upon their durability and make the mistake of expecting them to fill too conspicuous a place, or keep long in the marching line of the garden pageant. They have a disappointing way, especially the great, long-stemmed double varieties, of suddenly turning to impossible party-coloured mush after a bit of damp weather that is most discouraging. Treated as mere garden episodes and massed here and there where a sudden disappearance will not leave a gap, they will yield a feast of unsurpassed colour. To me the Shirley is the only really satisfactory annual poppy, and I sow it in autumn and cover it after the 84 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I fashion of the cornflower, as it will survive anything but an open, rainy winter, and in the resulting display that lasts the whole month of June it rivals the roses in everything but perfume. Godetia is a good flower for half- shady places that it is difficult to fill, and rings the colour change from white through pink to crimson and carmine. Marigolds hold their own for garden colour, but not for gathering or bringing near the nose, and zinnias meet them on the same plane. The morning-glory tribe of ipom&a is both useful and decorative for rapid-growing screens, but heed should be taken that the common varieties be not allowed to scatter their seeds at random, or the next season, before you know it, every plant in the garden will be held tight in their insinuating grasp. Especially beautiful are the new Imperial Japanese morning glories that are exquisitely margined and fringed, and of the size and pattern of rare glass wine cups. Petunias, if judiciously used, and of good colour, belong in the second grade of the first rank. They have their uses, but the family has a morbid tendency to run to sad, half- mourning hues, and I have put a black mark against it as far as my own garden is concerned. Drummond phlox deserves especial mention, for so ANNUALS— WORTHY AND UNWORTHY 85 wide a colour range has it, and so easy is its growth (if only you give it plenty of water and elbow room, and remember that a crowded Drummond phlox is an unhappy plant of short life), that a very tasteful group of beds could be made of this flower alone by a careful selection of colours, while by constant cutting for the house the length of the blooming season is prolonged. The dwarf salvias, too, grow readily from seed, and balsams, if one has room, line up finely along straight walks, the firm blossoms of the camelia-flowered variety, with their delicate rosettes of pink, salmon, and laven- der, also serving to make novel table decorations when arranged in many ways with leaves of the laurel, English ivy, or fern fronds. Portulaca, though cousin to the objectionable "pusley," is most useful where mere colour is wanted to cover the ground in beds that have held early tulips or other spring bulbs, as well as for covering dry, sandy spots where little else will grow. It should not be planted until really warm weather, and therefore may be scattered between the rows of narcissi and late tulips when their tops are cut off, and by the time they are quite withered and done away with, the cheerful por- tulaca, feeding upon the hottest sunbeams, will begin to cover the ground, a pleasure to the eye as well as a 86 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I decorative screen to the bulbs beneath, sucking the fierc- est sun rays before they penetrate. Chief among the low-growing worthies comes the ver- bena, good for bedding, good for cutting, and in some of the mammoth varieties subtly fragrant. Verbenas may be raised to advantage in a hotbed, but if the seed be soaked overnight in warm water, it will germinate freely out of doors in May and be a mass of bloom from July until late October. For beds grouped around a sun- dial or any other garden centre, the verbena has no peer ; its trailing habit gives it grace, the flowers are borne erect, yet it requires no staking and it is easily controlled by pinching or pinning to the soil with stout hair- pins. One little fragrant flower, fraught with meaning and remembrance, belongs to the annuals, though its family is much better known among the half-hardy perennials that require winter protection here. This is the gold and brown annual wall- flower, slender sister of die gelbe violet, and having that same* subtle violet odour in perfect degree. It cannot be called a decora- tive plant, but it should have plenty of room given it in the bed of sweet odours and be used as a border on the sunny side of wall or fence, where, protected from the wind and absorbing every ray of autumn sunlight, it ANNUALS — WORTHY AND UNWORTHY 87 will often give you at least a buttonhole bouquet on Christmas morning. The cosmos is counted by catalogues and culturists one of the most worthy of the newer annuals, and so it is when it takes heed to its ways and behaves its best, but otherwise it has all the terrible uncertainty of action common to human and garden parvenues. From the very beginning of its career it is a conspicu- ous person, demanding room and abundance of food. Thinking that its failure to bloom until frost threatened was because I had sown the seed out of doors in May, I gave it a froht room in my very best hotbed early in March, where, long before the other occupants of the place were big enough to be transplanted, Mrs. Cos- mos and family pushed their heads against the sash and insisted upon seeing the world. Once in the garden, they throve mightily, and early in July, at a time when I had more flowers than I needed, the entire row threatened to bloom. After two weeks of coquettish showing of colour here and there, up and down the line, they concluded that midsummer sun did not agree with any of the shades of pink, carmine, or crimson of which their clothes were fashioned, and as for white, the memory of recent acres of field daisies made it too common, so they changed their minds 88 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I and proceeded to grow steadily for two months. When they were pinched in on top, they simply expanded sidewise ; ordinary and inconspicuous stak- ing failed to restrain them, and they even pulled away at different angles from poles of silver birch with stout rope between, like a festive company of bacchantes eluding the embraces of the police. A heavy wind storm in late September snapped and twisted their hollow trunks and branches. Were they discouraged? Not a particle; they simply rested comfortably upon whatever they had chanced to fall and grew again from this new basis. Meanwhile the plants in front of them and on the opposite side of the way began to feel dis- couraged, and a fine lot of asters, now within the shadow, were attacked by facial paralysis and developed their blossoms only on one side. The middle of October, the week before the coming of Black Frost, the garden executioner, the cosmos, now heavy with buds, settled down to bloom. Two large jars were filled with them, after much difficulty in the gathering, and then the axe fell. Sometimes, of course, they behave quite differently, and those who can spare ground for a great hedge backed by wall or fence and supported in front by pea brush deftly insinuated betwixt and between ground and plants, so that it ANNUALS — WORTHY AND UNWORTHY 89 restrains, but is at the same time invisible, may feast their eyes upon a spectacle of billows of white and pink that, at a little distance, are reminiscent of the orchards of May. But if you, Mary Penrose, are leaning toward cosmos and reading in the seed catalogue of their size and won- derful dawn-like tints, remember that the best of highly hybridized things revert unexpectedly to the commonest type, and somewhere in this family of lofty Mexicans there must have been a totally irresponsible wayside weed. Then turn backward toward the front of the catalogue, find the letter A, and buy, in place of cosmos, aster seeds of every variety and colour that your pocket will allow. Of course the black golden-rod beetle may try to dwell among the aster flowers, and the aphis that are nursery maids to the ants infest their roots ; you must pick off the one and dig sulphur and unslaked lime deeply into the soil to discourage the other, but what- ever labour you spend will not be lost. Other annuals there are, and their name is legion, that are pretty enough, perhaps, and well adapted to special purposes, like the decorative and curious tassel flower, cockscombs, gourds, four o'clocks, etc., and the great tribe of "everlastings" for those people, if such there 90 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I be, who still prefer dried things for winter bouquets, when an ivy-wreathed window filled with a succession of bulbs, ferns, or oxalis is so easily achieved ! It is too harsh, perhaps, to call these minor annuals unworthy, but as they are unimportant and increase the labour rather than add to the pleasure, they are really un- worthy of admission to the woman's garden where there is only time and room for the best results. But here I am rambling at large instead of plainly answering your question, "What annuals can we plant as late as this (May 25) while we are locating the rose bed ? " You may plant any or all of them up to the first of June, the success of course depending upon a long autumn and late frosts. No, not quite all ; the tall-grow- ing sweet peas should be in the ground not later than May i in this south New England latitude, though in the northern states and Canada they are planted in June as a matter of course. Blanche Ferry, of the brilliant pink- and- white complexion, however, will do very nicely in the light of a labour-saving afterthought, as, only reaching a foot and a half high, little, if any, brush is needed. We found your rose list replete with charming varieties, but most of them too delicate for positive suc- cess hereabouts. I'm sending you presently the list for ASTERS WELL MASSED. ANNUALS — WORTHY AND UNWORTHY 91 a fifty-dollar rose garden, which it seems is much in demand, so that I've adapted my own experience to the simple plan that Evan drew to enlighten amateur rose lovers and turn them from coveting their wealthy neighbours' goods to spending their energy in pro- ducing covetable roses of their own ! By the way, I send you my own particular list of Worthy Annuals to match the hardy plants and keep heights and colours easily before you until your own Garden Book is formulated and we can compare notes. (See page 387.) You forgot to tell me whether you have decided to keep hens or not ! I know that the matter has been discussed every spring since you have lived at Woodridge. If you are planning a hennery, I shall not encourage the rosary, for the days of a commuter's wife are not long enough for both without encountering nervous prostra- tion on the immediate premises. Some problems are ably solved by cooperation. As I am a devotee of the ornamental and comfortable, Martha Saunders n LAR T {Rose Bed. makes a windbreak well worth the trouble. But the more tender species of climb- ing roses should be grown upon pillars, English fashion. These can be snugly strawed up after the fashion of wine bottles, and then a conical cap of the waterproof tar paper used by builders drawn over the whole, the manure being banked up to hold the base firmly in place. With this device it is possible to grow the lovely Gloire de Di- jon, in the open, that fes- toons the eaves of English cottages, but is our despair. Not long ago we invented an inexpensive "pillar" trel- lis for roses and vines which, standing seven feet high and built about a cedar clothes- pole, the end well coated with tar before setting, is both symmetrical and durable, not -ft 11 Hybrid Tea.. > i Grass. Tea or Summer. ss-o' Hybrid Tea. Grass. \ Tea or Summer. \ in it A SIMPLE ROSE GARDEN 127 burning tender shoots, as do the metal affairs, and costing, if the material is bought and a carpenter hired by the day, the moderate price of two dollars and a half each, including paint, which should be dark green. Evan has made a sketch of it for you. He finds it useful in many ways, and in laying out a new garden these pillars, set at corners or at intervals along the walks, serve to break the hot look of a wide expanse and give a certain formality that draws together with- out being too stiff and artificial. For little gardens, like yours and mine, I think deep- green paint the best colour for pergola, pillars, seats, plant tubs, and the like. White paint is clean and cheerful, but stains easily. If one has the surround- ings and money for marble columns and garden fur- niture, it must form part of a well-planned whole and not be pitched in at random, but the imitation article, compounded of cement or whitewashed wood, belongs in the region of stage properties or beer gardens ! The little plan I'm sending you needs a bit of ground not less than fifty feet by seventy-five for its develop- ment, and that, I think, is well within the limits of your southwest lawn. The pergola can be made of rough cedar posts with the bark left on. Evan says that there are any quantity of cedar trees in your river woods that 128 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I are to be cleared for the reservoir, and you can prob- ably get them for a song. The border enclosing the grass plots is four feet in width, which allows you to reach into the centre from either side. Two rows of hybrid perpetuals or three of hybrid tea or summer roses can be planted in these beds, according to their size, thus allowing, at the mini- mum, for one hundred hybrid perpetuals, fifty hybrid teas, fifty summer roses, and eighteen climbers, nine on either side of the pergola, with four additional for the corner pillars. The irregular beds in the small lawns should not be planted in set rows, but after the manner of shrub- beries. Rugosa roses, if their colours be well chosen, are best for the centre of these beds. They are striking when in flower and decorative in fruit, while the hand- some leaves, that are very free from insects, I find most useful as green in arranging other roses the foliage of which is scanty. The pink-and-white damask roses belong here, and the dear, profuse, and graceful Madame Plan tier, — a dozen bushes of this hybrid China rose of seven leaflets are not too many. For seventy years it has held undisputed sway among hardy white roses and has become so much a part of old gardens that we are inclined to place its origin too far back in A SIMPLE ROSE GARDEN 129 the past among historic roses, because we cannot imagine a time when it was not. This is a rose to pick by the armful, and grown in masses it lends an air of luxury to the simplest garden. Personally, I object to the rambler tribe of roses for any but large gardens, where in a certain sense the personality of flowers must sometimes be lost in decora- tive effect. A scentless rose has no right to intrude on the tender intimacies of the woman's garden, but pruned back to a tall standard it may be cautiously mingled with Madame Plantier with good effect, lend- ing the pale lady the reflected touch of the colour that gives life. For the pergola a few ramblers may be used for rapid effect, while the slower growing varieties are making wood, but sooner or later I'm sure that they will disappear before more friendly roses, and even to-day the old-fashioned Gem of the Prairies, Felicite Per- petual, and Baltimore Belle seem to me worthier. Col- our and profusion the rambler has, but equally so has the torrent of coloured paper flowers that pours out of the juggler's hat, and they are much bigger. No, I'm apt to be emphatic (Evan calls it pertina- cious), but I'm sure the time will come when at least the crimson rambler, trained over a gas-pipe arch, i3o THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I except for purely decorative purposes, will be as much disliked by the real rose lover as the tripod with the iron pot painted red and filled with red geraniums ! The English sweetbrier is a climbing or pillar rose, capable of being pruned into a bush or hedge that not only gives fragrance in June but every time the rain falls or dew condenses upon its magic leaves. This you must have as well as some of its kin, the Penzance hybrid- sweetbriers, either against the pergola or trained to the corner pillars, where you will become more intimate with them. You may be fairly sure of success in wintering well- chosen hybrid perpetual roses and the hybrid teas. If, for any reason, certain varieties that succeed in Lavinia Cortright's garden and ours do not thrive with you, they must be replaced by a gradual process of elimination. You alone may judge of this. I'm simply giving you a list of varieties that have thriven in my garden; others may not find them the best. Only let me advise you to begin with roses that have stood a test of not less than half a dozen years, for it really takes that long to know the influence of heredity in this highly specialized race. After the rose garden has shown you all its colours, it is easy to supplement a needed tint here or a proven newcomer there without A SIMPLE ROSE GARDEN 131 speculating, as it were, in garden stock in a bull mar- ket. Too much of spending money for something that two years hence will be known no more is a financial side of the Garden-Goozle question that saddens the commuter, as well as his wife. It is a continual proof of man's, and particularly woman's, innocency that such pictures as horticultural pedlers show when ex- tolling their wares do not deter instead of encouraging purchasers. If the fruits and flowers were believable, as depicted, still they should be unattractive to eye and palate. The hybrid perpetuals give their great yield in June, followed by a more or less scattering autumn blooming. It is foolish to expect a rose specialized and proven by the tests climatic and otherwise of Holland, England, or France, and pronounced a perpetual bloomer, to live up to its reputation in this country of sudden extremes: unveiled summer heat, that forces the bud open be- fore it has developed quality, causing certain shades of pink and crimson to fade and flatten before the flower is really fit for gathering. Americans in general must be content with the half loaf, as far as garden roses are concerned, for in the cooler parts of the country, where the development of the flower is slower and more satisfactory, the winter lends added dangers. 132 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I Good roses — not, however, the perfect flowers of the connoisseur or even of the cottage exhibitions of Eng- land — may be had from early June until the first week of July, but the hybrid tea roses that brave the latter part of that month and August are but short lived, even when gathered in the bud. Those known as sum- mer bedders of the Bourbon class, chiefly scentless, of which Appoline is a well-known example, are simply bits of decorative colour without the endearing attri- butes of roses, and garden colour may be obtained with far less labour. In July and August you may safely let your eyes wander from the rosary to the beds of summer annuals, the gladioli, Japan lilies, and Dahlias, and depend for fragrance on your bed of sweet odours. But as the nights begin to lengthen, at the end of August, you may prepare for a tea-rose festival, if you have a little fore- thought and a very little money. You have, I think, a florist in your neighbourhood who raises roses for the market. This is my method, practised for many years with comforting success. Instead of buying pot- grown tea roses in April or May, that, unless a good price (from twenty-five cents up) is paid for them, will be so small that they can only be called bushes at the season's end, I go to our florist A SIMPLE ROSE GARDEN 133 and buy fifty of the bushes that he has forced dur- ing the winter and being considered spent are cast out about June first, in order to fill in the new stock. All such roses are not discarded each season, but the process is carried on in alternate benches and years, so that there are always some to be obtained. These plants, big, tired- looking, and weak in the branches, I buy for the nominal sum of ten dollars per hundred, five dollars' worth filling a long border when set out in alternating rows. On taking these home, I thin out the woodiest shoots, or those that interfere, and plant deep in the border, into which nitrate of soda has been dug in the proportion of about two ounces to a plant. After spreading out the roots as carefully as possible, I plant firmly and water thoroughly, but do not as yet prune off the long branches. In ten days, having given meanwhile two waterings of liquid manure, I prune the bushes back sharply. By this time they will have probably dropped the greater part of their leaves, and having had a short but sufficient nap, are ready to grow, which they proceed to do freely. I do not encourage bloom in July, but as soon as we have dew-heavy August nights it begins and goes on, increasing in quality until hard frost. Many of these bushes have 134 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I wintered comfortably and on being pruned to within three inches of the ground have lasted many years. As to the varieties so treated, that is a secondary consideration, for under these circumstances you must take what the florist has to offer, which will of course be those most suitable to the winter market. I have used Perle des Jardins, Catherine Mermet, Bride and Bridesmaid, Safrano, Souvenir d'un Ami, and Bon Silene (the rose for button-hole buds) with equal success, though a very intelligent grower affirms that both Bride and Bridesmaid are unsatisfactory as outdoor roses. I do not say that the individual flowers from these bushes bear relation to the perfect specimens of green- house growth in anything but fragrance, but in this way I have roses all the autumn, "by the fistful," as Timothy Saunders's Scotch appreciation of values puts it, though his spouse, Martha Corkle, whose home memories are usually expanded by the perspective of time and absence, in this case speaks truly when she says on receiving a handful, "Yes, Mrs. Evan, they're nice and sweetish and I thank you kindly, but, ma'am, they couldn't stand in it with those that grows as free as corn poppies round the four-shillin'-a-week cottages out Gloucester way, and no disrespec' intended." The working season of the rose garden begins the A SIMPLE ROSE GARDEN 135 first of April with the cutting out of dead wood and the shortening and shaping of last year's growth. With hardy roses the flowers come from fresh twigs on old growth. I never prune in the autumn, because winter always kills a bit of the top and cutting opens the tubu- lar stem to the weather and induces decay. Pruning is a science in itself, to be learned by experience. This is the formula that I once wrote on a slate and kept in my attic desk with my first Boke of the Garden. April i. Uncover bushes, prune, and have the winter mulch thoroughly dug in. Place stakes in the centre of bushes that you know from experience will need them. Re- tie climbers that have broken away from supports, but not too tightly; let some sprays swing and arch in their own way. May. As soon as the foliage begins to appear, spray with whale-oil soap lotion mixed hot and let cool: strength — a bit the size of a walnut to a gallon of water. Do this every two weeks until the rosebuds show de- cided colour, then stop. This is to keep the rose Aphis at bay, the little soft green fly that is as succulent as the sap upon which it feeds. If the spring is damp and mildew appears, dust with sulphur flower in a small bellows. June. The Rose Hopper or Thrip, an active little 136 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I pale yellow, transparent- winged insect that clings to the under side of the leaf, will now come if the weather is dry ; dislodged easily by shaking, it immediately returns. Remedy, spraying leaves from underneath with water and applying powdered helebore with a bellows. If Black Spot, a rather recent nuisance, appears on the leaves, spray with Bordeaux Mixture, bought of a horti- cultural dealer, directions accompanying. Meanwhile the leaf worm is sure to put in appearance. This is also transparent and either brownish green, or yellow, seemingly according to the leaves upon which it feeds. Remedy, if they won't yield to helebore (and they seldom do unless very sickly), brush them off into a cup. An old shaving brush is good for this purpose, as it is close set but too soft to scrape the leaf. June 15. When the roses are in bloom, stop all insecticides. There is such a thing as the cure being worse than the disease, and a rose garden redolent of whale-oil soap and phosphates and encrusted with helebore and Bordeaux Mixture has a painful sugges- tion of a horticultural hospital. Now is the time for the Rose Chafer, a dull brownish beetle about half an inch long, who times his coming up out of the ground to feast upon the most fragrant and luscious roses. These hunt in couples and are wholly A SIMPLE ROSE GARDEN 137 obnoxious. Picking into a fruit jar with a little kerosene in the bottom is the only way to kill them. In one day last season Evan came to my rescue and filled a quart jar in two hours; they are so fat and spunky they may be considered as the big game among garden bugs, and their catching, if not carried to an extreme, in the light of sport. July. See that all dead flowers are cut off and no pet- als allowed to mould on the ground. Mulch with short grass during hot, dry weather, and use liquid manure upon hybrid teas and teas every two weeks, imme- diately after watering or a rain. Never, at any season, allow a rose to wither on the bush ! August. The same, keeping on the watch for all previous insects but the rose beetle; this will have left. Mulch hybrid perpetuals if a dry season, and give liquid manure for the second blooming. September. Stir the ground after heavy rains, and watch for tendencies of mould. October. The same. November. Begin to draw the soil about roots soon after black frost, and bank up before the ground freezes, but do not add straw, litter, or manure in the trenches until the ground is actually frozen, which will be from December first onward, except in the case 138 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I of teas, which should be covered gradually until the top is reached. By this you will judge, Mary Penrose, that a rosary has its labours, as well as pleasures, and that like all other joys it is accompanied by difficulties. Yet you can grow good roses if you will, but the difficulty is that most people won't. I think, by the way, that remark belongs to Dean Hole of fragrant rose-garden memory, and of a truth he has said all that is likely to be spoken or written about the rose on the side of both knowledge and human fancy for many a day. Modern roses of the hybrid- perpetual and hybrid- tea types may be bought of several reliable dealers for twenty-five dollars per hundred, in two conditions, either grown on their own roots or budded on Manette or brier stock. Personally I prefer the first or natural condition, if the constitution of the plant is sufficiently vigorous to warrant it. There are, however, many in- dispensable varieties that do better for the infusion of vigorous brier blood. A budded rose will show the junction by a little knob where the bud was inserted ; this must be planted at least three inches below ground so that new shoots will be encouraged to spring from above the bud, as those below are merely wild, worth- less suckers, to be removed as soon as they appear. A CONVENIENT ROSE BED. A SIMPLE ROSE GARDEN 139 How can you tell wild suckers from the desired growth ? At first by following them back to the root until you have taken their measure, but as soon as experience has enlightened you they will be as easily recognized at sight as the mongrel dog by a connoisseur. Many admirable varieties, like Jacqueminot, Anne de Dies- bach, Alfred Colomb, Madame Plantier, and all the climbers, do so well on their own roots that it is foolish to take the risk of budded plants, the worse side of which is a tendency to decay at the point of juncture. Tea roses, being of rapid growth and flowering wholly upon new wood, are perfectly satisfactory when rooted from cuttings. Of many well- attested varieties of hybrid perpetuals, hybrid China, or other so-called June roses, you may at the start safely select from the following twenty. Pink, of various shades i. Anne de Diesbach. One of the most fragrant, hardy, and altogether satis- factory of hybrid perpetual roses. Forms a large bush, covered with large deep car- mine-pink flowers. Should be grown on own root. 140 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I 2. Paul Neyron. 3. Cabbage, or Rose of loo Leaves. 4. Magna Charta. 5. Clio. 6. Oakmont. 7. Marchioness of Londonderry. Rose pink, of large size, handsome even when fully open. Fragrant and hardy. The Provence rose of history and old gardens, supposed to have been known to Pliny. Rich pink, full, fragrant, and hardy. Own roots. A fine fragrant pink rose of the hybrid China type. Not seen as often as it should be. Own roots. A vigorous grower with flesh-coloured and pink- shaded blossoms. Exquisite deep rose, fra- grant, vigorous, and with a long blooming season. White Free,' full, and fragrant. Immense cream-white flow- ers, carried on long stems. Very beautiful. A SIMPLE ROSE GARDEN 141 8. Madame Plantier (Hybrid China). 9. Margaret Dickson. 10. Coquette des Blanches. ii. Coquette des Alps. A medium- sized, pure white rose, with creamy centre ; flowers so profusely as to appear to be in clusters. Delicately fragrant, leaves deep green and remarkably free from blights. Per- fectly hardy ; forms so large a bush in time that it should be placed in the rose shrub- bery rather than amid smaller species. A splendid, finely formed, fragrant white rose, with deep green foliage. One of the very hardy white roses, an occasional pink streak tinting the out- side petals. Cup-shaped and a profuse bloomer. A very hardy bush, com- ing into bloom rather later than the former and lasting well. Satisfactory. 142 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I Red and Crimson 12. General Jacque- Bright velvety crimson. minot 13. Alfred Colomb. 14. Fisher Holmes. 15. Marshal P. Wilder. The established favourite of its colour and class, though fashion has in some measure pushed it aside for newer varieties. May be grown to a large shrub. Fragrant and hardy. Best when in bud, as it opens rather flat. Bright crimson. Full, sweet. A vigorous grower and entirely satisfactory. If you can grow but one red rose, take this. A seedling of Jacque- minot, but of the darkest velvety crimson; fragrant, and blooms very early. Also a seedling of Jacque- minot. Vigorous and of well-set foliage. Full, large flowers of a bright cherry red. Very fragrant. A SIMPLE ROSE GARDEN 143 1 6. Marie Bauman. 17. Jules Margottin. 1 8. John Hopper. 19. Prince Camille de Rohan. 20. Ulrich Brunner. A crimson rose of delicious fragrance and lovely shape. This does best when budded on brier or Manette stock, and needs petting and a diet of liquid manure, but it will repay the trouble. A fine, old-fashioned, rich red rose, fragrant, and while humble in its demands, well repays liberal feeding. A splendid, early crimson rose, fragrant and easily cared for. The peer of dark red roses, not large, but rich in fragrance and of deep colour. One of the best out-of- door roses, hardy, carries its bright cerise flowers well, which are of good shape and substance; has few diseases. 144 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I Moss Roses A pure, rich white; the buds, which are heavily mossed, borne in clusters. The most familiar white moss rose, sometimes tinged with pink. Open flowers are attractive as well as buds. Rich pink, deeply mossed, each bud having a fringed crest; fragrant and full. An exquisite moss rose of fairylike construction, the deep pink buds being wrapped and fringed with moss. A hardy pink variety, good only in the bud. The moss roses as a whole only bloom satisfactorily in June. 1. Blanch Moreau (Perpetual). 2. White Bath. 3. Crested Moss. 4. Gracilis. 5. Common Moss. Climbers i. i. English Sweetbrier. Single pink flowers of the wild- rose type. Foliage of delicious fragrance, perfum- ing the garden after rain the season through. A SIMPLE ROSE GARDEN 145 Penzance Hybrid Sweetbriers, Having Fragrant Foliage and Flowers of Many Beautiful Colours Pink. Crimson. White. 2. Amy Robsart. 3. Anne of Geierstein. 4. Minna. 5. Rose Bradwardine. i. Climbing Jules Margottin. Baltimore Belle. 3. Gem of the Prairie. 2. Deep rose. Rosy carmine, very fra- grant and full, satisfactory for the pergola, but more so for a pillar, where in winter it can be protected from wind by branches or straw. The old-fashioned blush rose, with clean leaves and solid flowers of good shape. Blooms after other varieties are over. Trustworthy and satisfactory, though not fra- grant in flower or leaf. Red flowers of large size, but rather flat when open. A seedling from Queen of i46 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I Gem of the Prairie (continued). 4. Climbing Belle Siebrecht (Hybrid Tea). 5. Gloire de Dijon. the Prairie, and though not as free as its parent, it has the desirable quality of fragrance. • Fragrant, vigorous, and of the same deep pink as the standard variety. Grow on pillars. Colour an indescribable blending of rose, buff, and yellow, deliciously fragrant, double to the heart of crumpled, cre"pelike petals. A tea rose and, as an out- door climber, tender north of Washington, yet it can be grown on a pillar by cover- ing as described on page 1 26. Hybrid Tea Roses i. La France. The fragrant silver-pink rose, with full, heavy flow- ers, — the combination of all a rose should be. In the open garden the sun changes A SIMPLE ROSE GARDEN La France (continued). 2. Kaiserin Augusta Victoria. 3. Gruss an Teplitz. 4. Killarney. its delicate colour quickly. Should be gathered in the bud at evening or, better yet, early morning. Very hardy if properly covered, and grows to a good-sized bush. White, with a lemon tint in the folds; the fragrance is peculiar to itself, faintly suggesting the Gardenia. One of the newer crimson roses, vigorous, with well- cupped flowers. Good for decorative value in the gar- den, but not a rose of senti- ment. One of the newer roses that has made good. Beau- tiful pointed buds of shell- pink, full and at the same time delicate. The foliage is very handsome. If well fed, will amply repay labour. i48 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I 5. Souvenir de Mal- maison. 6. Clothilde Soupert. 7. Souvenir de Presi- dent Carnot. A Bourbon rose that should be treated like a hybrid tea. Shell-pink, fragrant flowers, that have much the same way of opening as Gloire de Dijon. A constant bloomer. A polyantha or cluster rose of vigorous growth and glistening foliage, quite as hardy as the hybrid tea. It is of dwarf growth and suit- able for edging beds of larger roses. The shell-pink flowers are of good form and very double ; as they cluster very thickly on the ends of the stems, the buds should be thinned out, as they have an aggravating tendency to mildew before opening. A charming rose with shadows of all the flesh tints, from white through blush to rose; sturdy and free. A SIMPLE ROSE GARDEN 149 8. Caroline Testout. i. Bon Silene. 2. Papa Gontier. 3. Safrano. Very large, round flowers, of a delicate shell- pink, flushed with salmon ; sturdy. Teas The old favourite, unsur- passed for fragrance as a button-hole flower, or table decoration when blended with ferns or fragrant foliage plants. Colour "Bon Si- lene," tints of shaded pink and carmine, all its own. A rose as vigorous as the hybrid teas, and one that may be easily wintered. Pointed buds of deep rose shading to crimson and as fragrant as Bon Silene, of which it is a hybrid. Flow- ers should be gathered in the bud. A true "tea" rose of characteristic shades of buff and yellow, with the tea fragrance in all its perfec- THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I Safrano (continued). 4. Perle des Jardins. 5. Bride. 6. Bridesmaid. tion. Best in the bud. Vigorous and a fit compan- ion for Papa Gontier and Bon Silene. An exquisite, fragrant double rose of light clear yellow, suggesting the Mare- chal Niel in form, but of paler colour. Difficult to winter out of doors, but worth the trouble of lifting to cold pit or light cellar, or the expense of renewing annually. One of the lovable roses. The clear white rose, sometimes with lemon shad- ings used for forcing ; clean, handsome foliage and good fragrance. Very satisfac- tory in my garden when old plants are used, as de- scribed. The pink companion of the above with similar attri- butes. A SIMPLE ROSE GARDEN 151 7. Etoille de Lyon. A vigorous, deep yellow rose, full and sweet. Almost as hardy as a hybrid tea and very satisfactory. 8. Souvenir d'un Ami. A deliciously fragrant light pink rose, with salmon shadings. Very satisfactory and as hardy as some of the hybrid teas. Miscellaneous Roses for the Shrubbery 1. Harrison's Yellow. An Austrian brier rose with clear yellow semi- double flowers. Early and very hardy. Should be grown on its own roots, as it will then spread into a thicket and make the rosary a mass of shimmering gold in early June. Damask Roses Should be grown on own root, when they will form shrubs five feet high. 2. Madame Hardy. Pure white. Very fra- 152 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I Madame Hardy grant, well-cupped flower, (continued). Time tried and sturdy. 3. Rosa Damascena Rose colour. Triginitipela. Rugosa The tribe of Japanese origin, conspicuous as bushes of fine foliage and handsome shape, as well as for the large single blossoms that are followed by seed vessels of brilliant scarlet hues. 4. Agnes Emily Carman. Flowers in clusters, "Jacqueminot" red, with long-fringed golden sta- mens. Continuous bloomer. Hardy and perfect. 5. Rugosa alba. Pure white, highly scented. 6. Rugosa rubra. Single crimson flowers of great beauty. 7. Chedane Guinoisseau. Flowers, satin pink and very large. Blooms all the summer. A SIMPLE ROSE GARDEN 153 Now, Mary Penrose, having made up your mind to have a rosary, cause garden line and shovel to be set in that side lawn of yours without hesitation. Do not wait until autumn, because you cannot plant the hardy roses until then and do not wish to contemplate bare ground. This sight is frequently wholesome and pro- vocative of good horticultural digestion. You need only begin with one-half of Evan's plan, letting the pergola enclose the walk back of the house, and later on you can add the other wing. If the pergola itself is built during the summer, you can sit under it, and by going over your list and colour scheme locate each rose finally before its arrival. By the way, until the climbers are well started you may safely alternate them with vines of the white panicled clematis, that will be in bloom in August and can be easily kept from clutching its rose neighbours ! By and by, when you have planted your roses, tucked them in their winter covers, and can sit down with a calm mind, I will lend you three precious rose books of mine. These are Dean Hole's Book about Roses, for both the wit and wisdom o't ; The Amateur Gardener's Rose Book, rescued from the German by John Weathers, F.R.H.S., for its common sense, well-arranged list of roses, and beautiful coloured plates, and H. B. Ell- i54 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I wanger's little treatise on The Rose, a competent chronology of the flower queen up to 1901, written con- cisely and from the American standpoint. If I should send them now, you would be so bewildered by the enumeration of varieties, many unsuited to this climate, intoxicated by the descriptions of Rose-garden possi- bilities, and carried away by the literary and horticul- tural enthusiasm of the one-time master of the Deanery Garden, Rochester, that, like the child turned loose in the toy shop, you would lose the power of choosing. Lavinia Cortright lost nearly a year in beginning her rosary, owing to a similar condition of mind, and Evan and I long ago decided that when we read we cannot work, and vice versa, so when the Garden of Outdoors is abed and asleep each year, we enter the Garden of Books with fresh delight. Have you a man with quick wit and a straight eye to be the spade hand during the Garden Vacation ? If not, make haste to find him, for, as you have had Barney for five years, he is probably too set in his ways to work at innovations cheerfully ! VIII A MIDNIGHT ADVENTURE (Mary Penrose to Barbara Campbell) June 21. The rosary has been duly surveyed, staked according to the plan, and the border lines fixed with the garden line dipped in whitewash, so that if we only plant a bed at a time, our ambition will always be before us. But as yet no man cometh to dig. This process is of greater import than it may seem, because with the vigorous three-year-old sod thus ob- tained do we purpose to turf the edges of the beds for hardy and summer flowers that border the squares of the vegetable garden. These strips now crumble earth into the walks, and the slightest footfall is fol- lowed by a landslide. We had intended to use narrow boards for edging, but Bart objects, like the old retainer in Kipling's story of An Habitation Enforced, on the ground that they will deteriorate from the beginning and have to be renewed every few years, whereas the turf will improve, even if it is more trouble to care for. At present the necessity of permanence is one of the 156 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I things that is impressing us both, for after us — the Infant ! Until a year ago I had a positive dread of being so firmly fixed anywhere that to spread wings and fly here and there would be difficult, but now it seems the most delightful thing to be rooted like the old apple tree on the side hill, the last of the old orchard, that has leaned against the upland winds so many years that it is well-nigh bent double, yet the root anchors hold and it is still a thing of beauty, like rosy-cheeked old folk with snowy hair. I do not think that I ever realized this in its fulness until I left the house and came out, though but a short way, to live with and in it all. You were right in thinking that Barney would not en- courage innovations, — he does not ! He says that turf lifted in summer always lies uneasy and breeds worms. This seems to be an age for the defiance of horticultu- ral tradition, for we are finding out every day that you can "lift" almost anything of herbaceous growth at any time and make it live, if you are willing to take pains enough, though of course transplanting is done with less trouble and risk at the prescribed seasons. The man-with-the-shovel question is quite a serious one hereabouts at present, for the Water Company has engaged all the rough-and-ready labourers for a long A MIDNIGHT ADVENTURE 157 season and that has raised both the prices and the noses of the wandering accommodators in the air. Something will probably turn up. Now we are transplanting hardy ferns; for though the tender tops break, there is yet plenty of time for a second growth and rooting before winter. Meanwhile there is a leisurely old carpenter who recently turned up as heir of the Opal Farm, Amos Opie by name, who is thinking of living there, and has signified his willingness to undertake the per- gola by hour's work, "if he is not hustled," as soon as the posts arrive. The past ten days have been full of marvellous dis- coveries for the "peculiar Penroses," as Maria Maxwell heard us called down at the Golf Club, where she rep- resented me at the mid- June tea, which I had wholly forgotten that I had promised to manage when I sent out those P. P. C. cards and stopped the clocks ! It seems that the first impression was that financial disaster had overtaken us, when instead of vanishing in a touring car preceded by tooting and followed by a cloud of oil-soaked steam, we took to our own woods, followed by Barney with our effects in a wheelbarrow. It is a very curious fact — this attributing of every action a bit out of the common to the stress of pocket 158 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I hunger. It certainly proves that advanced as we are supposed to be to-day as links in the evolutionary chain, we have partially relapsed and certainly show strong evidences of sheep ancestry. Haven't you noticed, Mrs. Evan, how seldom people are content to accept one's individual tastes or desire to do a thing without a good and sufficient reason therefor ? It seems incomprehensible to them that any one should wish to do differently from his neighbour unless from financial incapacity; the frequency with which one is suspected of being in this condition strongly points to the likelihood that the critics themselves chronically live beyond their means and in constant danger of col- lapse. If this was thought of us a few weeks ago, it seems to have been sidetracked by Maria Maxwell's contribution to, and management of, the golf tea. She is said not only to have compounded viands that are ordinarily sold in exchange for many dollars by New York confectioners, but she certainly made more than a pre- sentable appearance as "matron" of the receiving com- mittee of young girls. Certainly Maria with a music roll, a plain dark suit, every hair tethered fast, and com- mon-sense shoes, plodding about her vocation in snow and mud, and Maria "let loose," as Bart calls it, are a A MIDNIGHT ADVENTURE 159 decided contrast. Except that she has not parted with her sunny common-sense, she is quite a new person. Of course I could not have objected to it, but I was afraid that she might take it into her head to instruct the Infant in vocal music after the manner of the locustlike sounds that you hear coming over the lowered tops of school windows as soon as the weather grows warm, or else take to practising scales herself, for we had only known the technical part of her calling. In short, we feared that we should be do-re-mi-ou'd past endurance. In- stead of which, scraps of the gayest of ballads float over the knoll in the evening, and the Infant's little shrill pipe is being inoculated with real music, via Mother Goose melodies sung in a delightfully subdued con- tralto. From the third day after her arrival people began to call upon Maria. I made such a positive declaration of surrender of all matters pertaining to the household, including curiosity, when Maria took charge, — and she in return promised that we should not be bothered with anything not "of vital importance to our interests," — that, unless she runs through the housekeeping money before the time, I haven't a ghost of an excuse for asking questions, — but I do wonder how she manages ! Also, to whom the shadows belong that cross the south piazza i6o THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I at night or intercept the rays of the dining-room lamp, our home beacon of dark nights. In addition to the usual and convenient modern shirt- waist -and- skirt endowment, Maria had when she came but two gowns, one of black muslin and the other white, with improvised hats to match, — simple, graceful gowns, yet oversombre. But lo ! she has blossomed forth like a spring seed catalogue, and Bart insists that I watched the gate with his field-glass an hour the afternoon of the tea, to see her go out. I did no such thing ; I was looking at an oriole's nest that hangs in the elm over the road, but I could not help seeing the lovely pink flower hat that she wore atilt, with just enough pink at the neck and streamers at the waist of her dress to harmonize. I visited the larder that evening for supper supplies, — yes, we have become so addicted to the freedom of outdoors that for the last few days Bart has brought even the dinner up to camp, waiting upon me beauti- fully, for now we have entirely outgrown the feeling of the first few days that we were taking part in a comedy, and have found ourselves, as it were — in some ways, I think, for the first time. Anastasia seemed consumed with a desire for a dish of gossip, but was not willing to take the initiative. She A MIDNIGHT ADVENTURE 161 chuckled to herself and tried several perfectly transpar- ent ways of attracting my attention, until I took pity on her, a very one-sided pity too, for, between ourselves, Anastasia is the domestic salt and pepper that gives the Garden Vacation a flavour that I should sadly miss. "Miss Marie," she exclaimed, "do be the tastiest creaytur ever I set me eyes on." (She refused absolutely to call her Maria ; that name, she holds, is only fit for a settled old maid, "and that same it's not sure and fair to mark any woman wid being this side the grave." ) Then I knew that I only had to sit down and raise my eyes to Anastasia's face in an attitude of attention, to open the word gates, and this I did. "Well, fust off win she got the invite ter sing at the swarry that tops off the day's doings down to that Golf Club, she was that worried about hats you never seen the like ! She wus over ter Bridgeton, and Barney swore he drove her ter every milliner in the place, and says she ter me, pleasant like, that evenin', when returned, in excuse fer havin' nothin' to show, 'Oh, Annie, Annie, it would break yer heart to see the little whisp of flowers they ask five dollars for; to fix me hats a trifle would part me from a tin-dollar bill!'" (The sentiments I at once perceived might be Maria's, but their translation Anastasia's.) 162 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I "Now Miss Marie, she's savin' like, — not through meanness, but because she's got the good Irish heart that boils against payin' rint, and she's hoardin' crown by shillin' till she kin buy her a cabin and to say a pertaty patch for a garden, somewhere out where it's green ! Faith! but she'll do it too; she's a manager! Yez had orter see the illigant boned turkey she made out o' veal, stuck through with shrivelled black ground apples, she called 'puffles' ! an glued it up foine wid jelly. Sez I, 'They'll never know the difference,' but off she goes and lets it out and tells the makin' uv it ter every woman on the hill, — that's all I hev agin her. She's got a disease o' truth-telling when there's no need that would anguish the saints o' Hiven theirselves ! "'I kin make better 'n naturaler-lookin' hats fer nothin', here at home, than they keep in N' York,' she says after looking out the back window a piece. 'And who'll help yer?' says I, 'and where'll yer git the posies and what all?' "'I bought some bolts o' ribbon to-day/ says she, smilin'; 'and fer the rest, the garden, you, and I will manage it together, if you'll lend me a shelf all to meself in the cold closet whenever I need it ! ' Sure fer a mo- ment I wuz oneasy, fer I thought a wild streak run branchin' through all the boss's family!" A MIDNIGHT ADVENTURE 163 (At the words Garden, You, and I, there flashed through me the thought of some telepathic influence at work.) "'The garden's full o' growin' posies that outshames the flower-makers; watch out and see, Anastasia!' "Well and I did!! This mornin' early she picks a lot o' them sticky pink flowers by the stoop, the colour o' chiny shells, wid spokes in them like umbrellas, and the thick green leaves, and after leavin' 'em in water a spell, puts 'em in me cold closet, a small bit o' wet moss tied to each stem end wid green sewin' silk ! A piece after dinner out she comes wid the hat that's covered with strong white lace, and she cocks it this way and pinches it that and sews the flowers to it quick wid a big thread and a great splashin' bow on behind, and into the cold box agin ! "'That's fer this afternoon,' says she, and before she wore it off (a hat that Eve, mother o' sin, and us all would envy), she'd another ready for the night ! 'Will it spoil now and give yer away, I wonder ?' says I, anxious like. "'Not fer two hours, at least; and it'll keep me from stayin' too long ; if I do, it'll wither away and leave me all forlorn, like Cinderella and her pumpkin coach!' she said a-smilin' kind uv to herself in me 164 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I kitchen mirror, when she put the hat on. ' But I'm not insultin' God's flowers tryin' to pass them off for French ones, Annie,' says she. 'I'm settin' anew garden fashion; let them follow who will!' and away wid her! That same other is in here now, and it's no sin to let yer peep, gin it's ye own posies and ye chest they're in. " So, throwing open the door Anastasia re- vealed the slate shelf covered by a sheet of white paper, while resting on an empty pickle jar, for a support, was the second hat, of loosely woven black straw braid, an ornamental wire edging the brim that would allow it to take a dozen shapes at will. It was garlanded by a close- set wreath of crimson peonies grading down to blush, all in half bud except one full-blown beauty high in front and one under the brim set well against the hair, while covering the wire, caught firm and close, were glossy, fragrant leaves of the wild sweetbrier made into a vine. Ah, well, this is an unexpected development born of our experiment and a human sort of chronicle for The Garden, You, and I. One of the most puzzling things in this living out-of- doors on our own place is the reversal of our ordinary viewpoints. Never before did I realize how we look at the outdoor world from inside the house, where inani- A MIDNIGHT ADVENTURE 165 mate things force themselves into comparison. Now we are seeing from outside and looking in at ourselves, so to speak, very much like the robin, who has his third nest, lop-sided disaster having overtaken the other two, in the old white lilac tree over my window. Some of our doings, judged from the vantage point of the knoll, are very inconsistent. The spot occupied by the drying yard is the most suitable place for the new strawberry bed, and is in a direct line between the fence gap, where my fragrant things are to be, and the Rose Garden. Several of the walks that have been laid out according to the plan, when seen from this height, curve around nothing and reach nowhere. We shall presently satisfy their empty embraces with shrubs and locate various other conspicuous objects at the terminals. Also, the house is kept too much shut up; it looks inhospitable, seen through the trees, with branches always tossing wide to the breeze and sun. Even if a room is unoccupied by people, it is no reason why the sun should be barred out, and at best we ourselves surely spend too much time in our houses in the season when every tree is a roof. We have decided not to move in- doors again this summer, but to lodge here in the time between vacations and to annex the Infant. 166 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I Oh, Mrs. Evan, dear ! there is one thing in which The Man from Everywhere reckoned without his host ! Stopping the clocks when we went in camp did not dis- lodge Time from the premises ; rather did it open the door to his entrance hours earlier than usual, when one of the chiefest luxuries we promised ourselves was late sleeping. Stretched on our wire-springed, downy cots (there is positively no virtue in sleeping on hard beds, and Bart considers it an absolute vice), there is a delicious period before sleep comes. Bats flit about the rafters, and an occasional swallow twitters and shifts among the beams as the particular nest it guarded grew high and diffi- cult to mount from the growth of the lusty brood within . The scuffle of little feet over the rough floor brings indo- lent, half-indifferent guessing as to which of the lesser four-foots they belonged. The whippoorwills down in the river woods call until they drop off, one by one, and the timid ditty of a singing mouse that lives under the floor by my cot is the last message the sandman sends to close our eyes before sleep. And such sleep ! That first steel-blue starlit night in the open we said that we meant to sleep and sleep it out, even if we lost a whole day by it. It seemed but a moment after sleep had claimed us, when, struggling through the heavy darkness, •\J A MIDNIGHT ADVENTURE 167 came far-away light strands groping for our eyes, and soft, half-uttered music questioning the ear. Returning I opened my eyes, and there was the sun struggling slowly through the screen of white birches in Opie's wood lot, and scattering the night mists that bound down the Opal Farm with heavy strands ; the air was tense with flitting wings, bird music rose, fell, and drifted with the mist, and it was only half-past four ! You cannot kill time, you see, by stopping clocks — with nature day 7s, beyond all dispute. In two days, by obeying instead of opposing natural sun time, we had swung half round the clock, only now and then imitating the habits of our four-footed brothers that steal abroad in the security of twilight. June 24. Amos Opie, the carpenter, owner of Opal Farm, is now keeping widower's hall in the summer kitchen thereof. A thin thread of smoke comes idly from the chimney of the lean-to in the early morning, and at evening the old man sits in the well-house porch reading his paper so long as the light lasts, a hound of the ancient blue-spotted variety, with heavy black and tan markings, keeping him company. These two figures give the finishing touch to the pic- ture that lies beyond us as we look from the sheltered cor- ner of the camp, and strangely enough, though old Opie i68 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I is not of the direct line and has never lived in this part of New England before, he goes about with a sort of half- reminiscent air, as if picking up a clew long lost, while Dave, the hound, at once assumed proprietary rights and shows an uncanny wisdom about the well- nigh fenceless boundaries. After his master has gone to bed, Dave will often come over to visit us, after the calm fashion of a neighbour who esteems it a duty. At least that was his attitude at first ; but after a while, when I had told him what a fine, melancholy face he had, that it was a mistake not to have christened him Hamlet, and that altogether he was a good fellow, following up the conversation with a comforting plate of meat scraps (Opie being evidently a vegetarian), Dave began to develop a more youthful disposition. A week ago Bart's long-promised, red setter pup arrived, a spirit of mischief on four clumsy legs. Hardly had I taken him from his box (I wished to be the one to "first foot" him from captivity into the family, for that is a cour- tesy a dog never forgets) when we saw that Dave was sitting just outside the doorless threshold watching solemnly. The puppy, with a gleeful bark, licked the veteran on the nose, whereat the expression of his face changed from one of uncertainty to a smile of indulgent if ma- A MIDNIGHT ADVENTURE 169 ture pleasure, and now he takes his young friend on a daily ramble down the pasture through the bit of marshy ground to the river, always bringing him back within a reasonable length of time, with an air of pride. Evi- dently the hound was lonely. The Man from Everywhere, who prowls about even more than usual, using Bart's den for his own mean- while, says that the setter will be ruined, for the hound will be sure to trail him on fox and rabbit, and that in consequence he will never after keep true to birds, but somehow we do not care, this dog-friendship between the stranger and the pup is so interesting. By the way, we have financially persuaded Opie to leave his straggling meadow, that carpets our vista to the river, for a wild garden this summer, instead of sell- ing it as "standing grass," which the purchasers had usually mown carelessly and tossed into poor-grade hay, giving a pittance in exchange that went for taxes. So many flowers and vines have sprung up under shelter of the tumble-down fences that I was very anx- ious to see what pictures would paint themselves if the canvas, colour, and brushes were left free for the season through. Already we have had our money's worth, so that everything beyond will be an extra dividend. 170 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I The bit of marshy ground has been for weeks a lake of iris, its curving brink foamed with meadow rue and Osmundas that have all the dignity of palms. Now all the pasture edge is set with wild roses and wax-white blueberry flowers. Sundrops are grouped here and there, with yellow thistles ; the native sweet- brier arches over gray boulders that are tumbled to- gether like the relic of some old dwelling ; and the purple red calopogon of the orchid tribe adds a new colour to the tapestry, the cross-stitch filling being all of field daisies. Truly this old farm is a well-nigh perfect wild garden, the strawberries dyeing the undergrass red, and the hedges bound together with grape-vines. It does not need rescuing, but letting alone, to be the de- light of every one who wishes to enjoy. On being approached as to his future plans, Amos Opie merely sets his lips, brings his finger-tips together, and says, "I'm open to offers, but I'm not bound to set a price or hurry my decisions." Meanwhile I am living in a double tremor, of delight at the present and fear lest some one may snap up the place and give us what the comic paper called a Queen Mary Anne cottage and a stiff lawn surrrounded by a gas-pipe fence to gaze upon. O for a pair of neigh- bours who would join us in comfortable vagabondage, A MIDNIGHT ADVENTURE 171 leave the white birches to frame the meadows and the wild flowers in the grass ! June 25. We have been having some astonishing thunder-storms of nights lately, and I must say that upon one occasion I fled to the house. Two nights ago, however, the sun set in an even sky of lead, there was no wind, no grumblings of thunder. We had passed a a very active day and finished placing the stakes on the knoll in the locations to be occupied by shrubs and trees, all numbered according to the tagged specimens over in the reservoir woods. The Man from Everywhere suggested this system, an adaptation, he says, from the usual one of number- ing stones for a bit of masonry. It will prevent confu- sion, for the perspective will be different when the leaves have fallen, and as we lift the bushes, each one will go to its place, and we shall not lose a year's growth, or perhaps the shrub itself, by a second moving. Our one serious handicap is the lack of a pair of extra hands, in this work as in the making of the rose bed, for our transplanting has developed upon a wholesale plan. Barney does not approve of our passion for the wild ; besides, between potatoes and corn to hoe, celery seedlings to have their first transplanting, vegetables to pick, turf grass to mow, and edges to keep trim, with a 172 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I horse and cow to tend in addition, nothing more can be expected of him. I was half dozing, half listening, as usual, to the various little night sounds that constantly pique my curiosity, for no matter how long you may have lived in the country you are not wholly in touch with it until you have slept at least a few nights in the open, — when rain began to fall softly, an even, persevering, growing rain, entirely different from the lashing thunder-showers, and though making but half the fuss, was doubly penetrating. Thinking how good it was for the ferns, and venturing remarks to Bart about them, which, however, fell on sleep-deaf ears, I made sure that the pup was in his chosen place by my cot and drifted away to shadow land, glad that something more substantial than boughs covered me ! I do not know how long it was before I wakened, but the first sound that formulated itself was the baying of Dave, the hound, from the well-house porch, where he slept when his evening rambles kept him out until after Amos Opie had gone to bed. Having freed his mind, Dave presently stopped, but other nearer-by sounds made me again on the alert. The rain, that was falling with increasing power, held one key ; the drip from the eaves and the irregular gush A MIDNIGHT ADVENTURE 173 from a broken waterspout played separate tunes. I am well used to the night-time bravado of mice, who fight duels and sometimes pull shoes about, of the pranks of squirrels and other little wood beasts about the floor, but the noise that made me sit up in the cot and reach over until I could clutch Bart by the arm belonged to neither of these. There was a swishing sound, as of water being wrung from something and dropping on the floor, and then a human exclamation, blended of a sigh, a wheeze, and a cough, at which the pup wakened with a growl entirely out of proportion to his age and inexperience. "I wonder, now, is that a dog or only uts growl ter sind me back in the wet fer luv av the laugh at me ?" chirped a voice as hoarse as a buttery brogue would allow it to be. My clutch had brought Bart to himself instantly, and at the words he turned the electric flashlight, that lodged under his pillow, full in the direction of the sound, where it developed a strange picture and printed it clearly on the opposite wall. In the middle of the circle of light was a little barefoot man, in trousers and shirt ; a pair of sodden shoes lay at different angles where they had been kicked off, probably making the sound that had wakened me, and at 174 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I the moment of the flash he was occupied in the wringing out of a coat that seemed strangely long for the short frame upon which it had hung. The face turned tow- ard us was unmistakably Irish, comical even, entirely unalarming, and with the expression, blended of terror and doubt, that it now wore, he might have slipped from the pages of a volume of Lever that lay face down on the table. The nose turned up at the tip, as if asking questions of the eyes, that hid themselves between the half-shut lids in order to avoid answering. The skin was tanned, and yet you had a certain conviction that minus the tan the man would be very pale, while the iron-gray hair that topped the head crept down to form small mutton-chop whiskers and an Old Country throat thatch that was barely half an inch long. Bart touched me to caution silence, and I, seeing at once that there was nothing to fear, waited develop- ments. As soon as he could keep his eyes open against the sudden glare, the little man tried to grasp the column of light in his ringers, then darted out of it, and I thought he had bolted from the barn ; but no, he was in- stantly back again, and dilapidated as he was, he did not look like a professional tramp. " No, yez don't fool Larry McManus agin ! Yez are a A MIDNIGHT ADVENTURE 175 mane, cold light with all yer blinkin', and no fire beneath to give 'im the good uv a cup o' tay or put a warm heart in 'im ! Two nights agone 'twas suspicion o' rats kep' me from shlapin', yesternight 'twas thought o' what wud become of poor Oireland (Mary rest her) had we schnakes there ter fill the drames o' nights loike they do here whin a man's a drap o'er full o' comfort. 'Tis a good roof above ! Heth, thin, had I a whisp o' straw and a bite, wid this moonlight fer company, I'd not shog from out this the night to be King ! "Saints! but there's a dog beyant the bark!" he cried a minute after, as the pup crept over to him and began to be friendly, — "I wonder is a mon sinsible to go to trustin' the loight o' any moon that shines full on a pitch-black noight whin 'tis rainin' ? Och hone ! but me stomach's that empty, gin I don't put on me shoes me lungs'll lake trou the soles o' me fate, and gin I do, me shoes they're that sopped, I'll cough them up — o-whurra-r-a ! whurra-a ! but will I iver see Old Oire- land agin, — I don't know !" Bart shut off the light, slipped on his shoes, and draw- ing a coat over his pajamas lighted the oil stable lan- tern, hung it with its back toward me, on a long hook that reached down from one of the rafters, and bore down upon Larry, whose face was instantly wreathed 176 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I in puckered smiles at the sight of a fellow-human who, though big, evidently had no intention of being aggressive. "Well, Larry McManus," said Bart, cheerfully, "how came you in this barn so far away from Oireland a night like this?" "Seem' as yer another gintleman o' the road in the same ploice, what more loike than the misfortune's the same?" replied he, lengthening his lower lip and stretching his stubby chin, which he scratched cau- tiously. Then, as he raised his eyes to Bart's, he evidently read something in his general air, touselled and tanned as he was, that shifted his opinion at least one notch. "Maybe, sor, you're an actor mon, sor, that didn't suit the folks in the townbeyant, sor, but I'd take it as praise, so I would, for shure they're but pigs there, — I couldn't stop wid thim meself ! Thin agin, mayhap yer jest a plain gintleman, a bit belated, as it were, — a little belated on the way home, sor, — loike me, sor, that wus moinded to be in Kildare, sor, come May-day, and blessed Peter's day's nigh come about an' I'm here yit!" "You are getting on the right scent, Larry," said Bart, struggling with laughter, and yet, as he said after, not A MIDNIGHT ADVENTURE 177 wishing possibly to huff this curious person. "I hope I'm a gentleman, but I'm not tramping about ; this is my barn, in which my wife and I are sleeping, so if I were you, I wouldn't take off that shirt until I can find you a dry one!" The change that came over the man was comical. In a lightning flash he had fastened the few buttons in his blouse that it had taken his fumbling fingers several moments to unloose, and dropping one hand to his side, he held it there rigid as he saluted with two fingers at the brim of an imaginary hat ; while his roving eye quickly took in the various motley articles of fur- niture of our camp, — a small kitchen table with oil- stove and tea outfit of plain white ware, some plates and bowls, a few saucepans, half a dozen chairs, no two alike, and the two cots huddled in the shadows, — his voice, that had been pitched in a confidential key, arose to a wail : — "The Saints luv yer honor, but do they be afther havin' bad landlords in Meriky too, that evicted yer honor from yer house, sor ? I thought here nigh every poor body owned their own bit, ground and roof, sor, let alone a foine man loike yerself that shows the breedin' down to his tin toes, sor. Oi feel fer yer honor, fer there wuz I meself set out wid pig and cow both, sor (for thim bein' 178 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I given Kathy by her aunt fer her fortin could not be took), six years ago Patrick's tide, sor, and hadn't she married Mulqueen that same week, sor (he bein' gardener a long time to his Riverence over in England, sor, and meetin' Kathy only at his mother's wakin'), I'd maybe been lodged in a barn meself, sor ! Sure, hev ye the cow below ud let me down a drap o' milk?" Then did Bart laugh long and heartily, for this new point of view in regard to our doings amused him im- mensely. Of all the local motives attributed to our garden vacation, none had been quite so naive and unexpected as this ! "But we haven't been evicted," said Bart, uncon- sciously beginning to apologize to an unknown straggler. "I own this place and my home is yonder; we are camping here for our health and pleasure. Come, it's time you gave an account of yourself, as you are tres- passing." That the situation suddenly began to annoy Bart was plain. Ignoring the tail of the speech, Larry saluted anew : "Sure, sor, I knew ye at first fer gintleman and leddy, which this same last proves ; a rale gintleman and his leddy can cut about doin' the loikes of which poor folks ud be damned fer ! I mind well how Lord Kilmartin 's youngest — she wid the wild red hair an' eyes that wud A MIDNIGHT ADVENTURE 179 shame a doe — used to go barefoot through the dew down to Biddie Macks's cabin to drink fresh buttermilk, whin they turned gallons o' it from their own dairy. Some said, underbreath, she was touched, and some wild loike, but none spoke loud but to wish her speed, fer that's what it is to be a leddy ! "Meself, is it? Och, it's soon told. Six years lived I there wid Kathy and Mulqueen, workin' in the garden, he keepin' before me, until one day his Riverence come face agin me thruble. Oh, yis, sor, that same, that bit sup that's too much for the stomick, sor, and so gets into the toes and tongue, sor ! Four times a year the spell's put on me, sor, and gin I shlape it over, I'm a good man in between, sor, but that one time, sor, Mulqueen was sint to Lunnon, sor, and I missed me shlape fer mischief. "Well, thinks I, I'll go to Meriky and see me Johnny, me youngest; most loike they're more used to the shlapin' spells out there where all is free; but they wasn't ! Johnny's a sheriff and got money wid his woman, and she's no place in her house fit fer the old man resting the drap off. So he gives me money to go home first class, and says he'll sind another bit along to Kathy fer me keepin'. "This was come Easter, and bad cess, one o' me shlapes was due, and so I've footed it to get a job to i8o THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I take me back to Kathy. If I could strike a port just right, Hiven might get me home between times in a cattle boat. "I'm that well risted now I could do good work if I had full feed, maybe till Michaelmas. Hiven rest ye, sor, but have ye ever a job o' garden work now on yer estate, sor, that would kape me until I got the bit to cross to Kathy?" As Bart hesitated, I burst forth, "Have you ever tended flowers, Larry?" " Flowers, me leddy ? — that's what I did fer his River- ence, indoors and out, and dressed them fer the shows, mem, and not few's the prize money we took. His River- ence, he called a rose for Kathy, that is to say Kathleen ; 'twas that big 'twould hide yer face. Flowers, is it? Well, I don't know!" Bart, meanwhile, had made a plan, telling Larry that he would draw a cup of tea and give him something to eat, while he thought the matter over. He soon had the poor fellow wrapped in an old blanket and snoring comfortably in the straw, while, as the rain had stopped and dawn began to show the outlines of Opal Farm, Bart suggested that I had best go indoors and finish my broken sleep, while he had a chance to scrutinize Larry by daylight before committing himself. A MIDNIGHT ADVENTURE 181 When he rejoined me several hours later for an indoor breakfast, for it had turned to rain again and promised several days of the saturate weather that makes even a mountain camp utterly dreary, he brought me the news that Larry was to work for me especially, beginning on the rose bed, — that he would lodge with Amos Opie and take his meals with Anastasia, who thinks it likely that they are cousins on the mothers' side, as they are both of the same parish and name. The exact way of our meeting with him need not be dwelt upon domestically, for the sake of discipline, as he will have more self-respect among his fellows in the combination clothes we provided, "until his baggage arrives." He is to be paid no money, and allowed to " shlape" if a spell unhappily arrives. When the season is over, Bart agrees to see him on board ship with a prepaid passage straight to Kathy, and whatever else is his due sent to her ! Meanwhile he promised to "fit the leddy with the tastiest garden off the old sod ! " So here we are ! This chronicle should have a penny-dreadful title, " Their Midnight Adventure, or How it Rained a Rose Gardener!" Tell me about the ferns next time; we have only moved the glossy Christmas and evergreen- crested wood ferns as yet, being sure of these. 182 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I How about our fencing? Ask Evan. You remember that we have a picket- fence toward the road, but on three sides the boundary is only a tumble-down stone wall in which bird cherries have here and there found footing. We have a chance to sell the stones, and Bart is thinking of it, as it will be too costly to rebuild on a good founda- tion. The old wall was merely a rough-laid pile. IX FERNS, FENCES, AND WHITE BIRCHES (Barbara Campbell to Mary Penrose) Hemlock Hills, July 3. For nearly a week we have been sauntering through this most entrancing hill country, practically a pedestrian trip, except that the feet that have taken the steps have been shod with steel instead of leather. Your last chronicle has followed me, and was read in a region so pervaded by ferns that your questions concerning their transplanting would have answered themselves if you could have only perched on the rock beside me. There is a fern-lined ravine be- low, a fern-bordered road in front ; and above a log cot- tage, set in a clearing in the hemlocks which has for its boundaries the tumble-down fence piled by the settlers a century or two ago, its crevices now filled by leaf- mould, has become 'at once a natural fernery and a barrier. Why do you not use your old wall in a like manner? Of course your stones may be too closely piled and lack the time-gathered leaf-mould, but a little discretion in removing or tipping a stone here and 183 184 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I there, and a crowbar for making pockets, would work wonders. You might even exchange the surplus rocks for leaf-mould, load by load ; at any rate large quantities of fern soil must be obtainable for the carting at the reservoir woods. Imagine the effect, if you please, of that irregular line of rocks swathed in vines and sheltering great clumps of ferns, while it will afford an endless shelter for every sort of wild thing that you may pick up in your rambles. Of course you need not plant it all at once, but having made the plan, develop it at leisure. You should never quite finish a country place unless you expect to leave it. The something more in garden life is the bale of hay before the horse's nose on the up- hill road. Last year, for almost a week, we thought our garden quite as finished as the material and sur- roundings would allow, — it was a strange, dismal, hollow sort of feeling. However, it was soon displaced by the desire that I have to collect my best roses in one spot, add to them, and gradually form a rosary where the Garden Queen and all her family may have the best of air, food, and lodgings. You see I feared that the knoll, hardy beds, and rose garden were not sufficient food for your mind to ruminate, so I add the fern fence as a sort of dessert ! 'AN ENDLESS SHELTER FOR EVERY SORT OF WILD THING." FERNS, FENCES, AND WHITE BIRCHES 185 "Where is the shade that ferns need?" I hear you ask, "for except under some old apple trees and where the bird cherries grow (and they, though beautiful at blooming time and leaf fall, attract tent caterpillars), the stone wall lies in the sun!" Yes, but in one of the woodland homes of this region I have seen a screen placed by such a rustic stone fence that it not only served the purpose of giving light shade, but was a thing of beauty in itself, dividing the vista into many landscapes, the frame being long or upright according to the planter's fancy. Do you remember the old saying "When away keep open thine eyes, and so pack thy trunk for the home- going?" On this drive of ours I've been cramming my trunk to overflowing, and yet the ideas are often the simplest possible, for the people of this region, with more inven- tive art than money, have the perfect gift of adapting that which lies nearest to hand. You spoke in your last chronicle of the screen of white birches through which you saw the sun rise over the meadows of Opal Farm. This birch springs up in waste lands almost everywhere. We have it in abundance in the wood lot on the side of our hill, and it is scattered through the wet woods below our wild walk, showing that all it needs is a foothold. i86 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I Because it is common and the wood rather weak and soft, landscape gardening has rather passed it by, turning a cold shoulder, yet the slender tree is very beautiful. True, it has not the length of life, the girth and strength of limb, of the silver-barked canoe birch, but the white birch will grow in a climate that fevers its northern cousin. In spite of its delicate qualities, it is not a trivial tree, for I have seen it with a bole of more than forty feet in length, measuring eighteen inches through at the ground. When you set it, you are not planting for posterity, perhaps, but will gain a speedy result ; and the fertility of the tree, when once established, will take care of the future. What is more charming after a summer shower than a natural cluster of these picturesque birches, as they often chance to group themselves in threes, like the Graces — the soft white of the trunks, with dark hiero- glyphic shadows here and there disappearing in a drap- ery of glossy leaves, green above and reflecting the bark colour underneath, all a-quiver and more like live things poised upon the russet twigs than delicate pointed leaves ! Then, when the autumn comes, how they stand out in company with cedar bushes and sheep laurel on the hill- sides to make beautiful the winter garden, and we stand in mute admiration when these white birches reach from FERNS, FENCES, AND WHITE BIRCHES 187 a snowbank and pencil their frosty tracery against a wall of hemlocks. This is the simple material that has been used with such wonderful effect. In the gardens hereabout they have flanked their alleys with the birches, for even when fully grown their habit is more poplar-like than spread- ing, and many plants, like lilies, requiring partial shade flourish under them ; while for fences and screens the trees are planted in small groups, with either stones and ferns, or shrubs set thick between, and the most beauti- ful winter fence that Evan says he has ever seen in all his wanderings amid costly beauty was when, last winter, in being here to measure for some plans, he came sud- denly upon an informal boundary and screen combined, over fifty feet in length, made of white birches, — the groups of twos and threes set eight or ten feet apart, the gaps being filled by Japanese barberries laden with their scarlet fruit. Even now this same screen is beautiful enough with its shaded greens, while the barberries in their blooming time, and the crimson leaf glow of autumn, give it four distinct seasons. The branches of the white birch being small and thickly set, they may be trimmed at will, and windows thus opened here and there without the look of artifice or stiffness. i88 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I Fences are always a moot question to the gardener, for if she has a pleasant neighbour, she does not like to raise an aggressive barrier or perhaps cut off the view, yet to a certain extent I like being walled in at least on two sides. A total lack of boundaries is too impersonal, — the eye travels on and on ; there is nothing to rest it by comparison. Also, where there are no fences or hedges, — and what are hedges but living fences, — there is nothing to break the ground draught in winter and early springtime. The ocean is much more beautiful and full of meaning when brought in contact with a slender bit of coast. The moon has far more majesty when but distancing the tree-tops than when rolling apparently at random through an empty sky. A vast estate may well boast of wide sweeps and open places, but the same effect is not gamed, present fashion to the contrary, by throwing down the barriers between a dozen homes occupying only half as many acres. Preferable is the cosey English walled villa of the middle class, even though it be a bit stuffy and suggestive of earwigs. The question should not be to fence or not to fence, but rather how to fence usefully and artistically, and any one who has an old stone wall, such as you have, moss grown and tumble-down, with the beginnings of wildness al- ready achieved, has no excuse for failure. We have FERNS, FENCES, AND WHITE BIRCHES 189 seen other fences here where bushes, wire, and vines all take part, but they cannot compete with an old wall. With ferns, a topic opens as long and broad and deep as the glen below us, and of almost as uncertain climb- ing, for it is not so much what ferns may be dug up and, as individual plants, continue to grow in new surround- ings, but how much of their haunt may be transplanted with them, that the fern may keep its characteristics. Many people do not think of this, nor would they care if reminded. Water lilies, floating among their pads in the still margin of a stream, with jewelled dragon- flies darting over, soft clouds above and the odour of wild grapes or swamp azalea wafting from the banks, are no more to them than half a dozen such lilies grown in a sunken tub or whitewashed basin in a backyard ; rather are they less desirable because less easily con- trolled and encompassed. Such people, and they are not a few, belong to the tribe of Peter Bell, who saw noth- ing more in the primrose by the river's brim than that it was a primrose, and consequently yellow. Doubtless it would have looked precisely the same to him, or even more yellow, if it had bloomed in a tin can ! We do not treat our native ferns with sufficient respect. Homage is paid in literature to the palm, and it is an, emblem of honour, but our New England ferns, many 190 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I of them equally majestic, are tossed into heaps for hay and mown down by the ruthless scythe of the fanner every autumn when he shows his greatest agricultural energy by stripping the waysides of their beauty prior to the coming of the roadmender with his awful "turn- piking" process. If, by the way, the automobilists suc- ceed in stopping this piking practice, we will print a nice little prayer for them and send it to Saint Peter, so that, though it won't help them in this world, — that would be dangerous, — it will by and by ! In the woods the farmer allows the ferns to stand, for are they not one of the usual attributes of a picnic? Stuck in the horses' bridle, they keep off flies; they serve to deck the tablecloth upon which the food is spread ; gathered in armfuls, they somewhat ease the con- tact of the rheumatic with the rocks, upon which they must often sit on such occasions. They provide the young folks with a motive to seek something further in the woods, and give the acquisitive ladies who "press things" much loot to take home, and all without cost. This may not be respectful treatment, but it is not martyrdom ; the fern is a generous plant, a thing of wiry root-stock and prehistoric tenacity ; it has not forgotten that tree ferns are among its ancestors ; when it is dis- couraged, it rests and grows again. But imagine the FERNS, FENCES, AND WHITE BIRCHES 191 feelings of a mat of exquisite maidenhair rent from a shady slope with moss and partridge vine at its feet, and quivering elusive woodland shade above, on finding itself unceremoniously crowded into a bed, between cannas or red geraniums ! Or fancy the despair of either of the wide- spreading Osmundas, lovers of stream borders opulent with leaf-mould, or wood hollows deep with moist richness, on finding themselves ranged in a row about the porch of a summer cottage, each one tied firmly to a stake like so many green parasols stuck in the dry loam point downward ! It is not so much a question of how many species of native ferns can be domesticated, for given sufficient time and patience all things are possible, but how many varieties are either decorative, interesting, or useful away from their native haunts. For any one taking what may be called a botanical interest in ferns, a semi- artificial rockery, with one end in wet ground and the other reaching dry-wood conditions, is extremely inter- esting. In such a place, by obtaining some of the earth with each specimen and tagging it carefully, an out-of- door herbarium may be formed and something added to it every time an excursion is made into a new region. Otherwise the ferns that are worth the trouble of trans- planting and supplying with soil akin to that from which i92 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I they came, are comparatively few. Of decorative species the Osmundas easily lead; being natives of swampy or at least moist ground, they should have a like situation, and yet so strong are their roots and crown of leaves that they will flourish for years after the moisture that has fed them has been drained and the shading overgrowth cut away, even though dwarfed in growth and coarsened in texture. Thus people seeing them growing under these conditions in open fields and roadside banks mistake their necessities. The Royal fern (Osmunda regalis} positively demands moisture; it will waive the matter of shade in a great degree, but water it must have. The Cinnamon fern, that encloses the spongelike, brown, fertile fronds in the circle of green ones, gains its greatest size of five feet in roadside runnels or in springy places between boulders in the river woods ; yet so accommodating is it that you can use it at the base of your knoll if a convenient rock promises both reasonable dampness and shelter. The third of the family (Osmunda Claytonia) is known as the Interrupted fern, because in May the fertile black leaflets appear in the middle of the fronds and inter- rupt the even greenness. This fern will thrive in merely moist soil and is very charming early in the season, but FERNS, FENCES, AND WHITE BIRCHES 193 like the other two, out of its haunts, cannot be relied upon after August. As a fern for deep soil, where walking room can be allowed it, the common brake, or bracken (Pteris aqui- lina) is unsurpassed. It will grow either in sandy woods or moist, and should have a certain amount of high shade, else its broad fronds, held high above the ground umbrella- wise, will curl, grow coarse, and lose the fernlike quality altogether. You can plant this safely in the bit of old orchard that you are giving over to wild asters, black-eyed Susan, and sundrops, but mind you, be sure to take both Larry and Barney, together with a long post-hole spade, when you go out to dig brakes, — they are not things of shallow super- ficial roots, I can assure you. A few years ago Evan, Timothy Saunders, and I went brake-hunting, I selecting the groups and the menkind digging great solid turfs a foot or more in depth, in order to be sure the things had native earth enough along to mother them into comfortable growth. Proudly we loaded the big box wagon, for we had taken so much black peat (as the soil happened to be) that not a root hung below and success was certain. When, on reaching home, in unloading, one turf fell from the cart and crumbled into fragments, to my i94 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I dismay I found that the long, tough stalk ran quite through the clod and we had no roots at all, but that (if inanimate things can laugh) they were all laughing at us back in the meadow and probably another foot underground. Yet brakes are well worth the trouble of deep digging, for if once established, a waste bit, where little else will flourish, is given a graceful under- growth that is able to stand erect even though the breeze plays with the little forest as it does with a field of grain. Then, too, the brake patch is a treasury to be drawn from when arranging tall flowers like foxgloves, lark- spurs, hollyhocks, and others that have little foliage of their own. The fact that the brake does not mature its seeds that lie under the leaf margin until late summer also insures it a long season of sightliness, and when ripeness finally draws nigh, it comes in a series of beautiful mellow shades, varying from straw through deep gold to russet, such as the beech tree chooses for its autumn cloak. Another plant there is, a low-growing shrub, having long leaves with scalloped edges, giving a spicy odour when crushed or after rain, that I must beg you to plant with these brakes. It is called Sweet-fern, merely by courtesy, from its fernlike appearance, for it is of FERNS, FENCES, AND WHITE BIRCHES 195 the bayberry family and first cousin to sweet gale and waxberry. The digging of this also is a process quite as elusive as mining for brakes; but when once it sets foot in your orchard, and it will enjoy the drier places, you will have a liberal annex to your bed of sweet odours, and it may worthily join lemon balm, mignonette, southernwood, and lavender in the house, though in the garden it would be rather too pushing a com- panion. Next, both decorative and useful, comes the Silvery Spleen wort, that is content with shade and good soil of any sort, so long as it is not rank with manure. It has a slender creeping root, but when it once takes hold, it flourishes mightily and after a year or so will wave silver-lined fronds three feet long proudly before you, a rival of Osmunda ! A sister spleenwort is the beautiful Lady fern, whose lacelike fronds have party-coloured stems, varying from straw through pink and reddish to brown, giving an unusual touch of life and warmth to one of the cool green fern tribe. In autumn the entire leaf of this fern, in dying, oftentimes takes these same hues ; it is decora- tive when growing and useful to blend with cut flowers. It naturally prefers woods, but will settle down comfort- 196 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I ably in the angle of a house or under a fence, and will be a standby in your wall rockery. The ferns that seem really to prefer the open, one taking to dry and two to moist ground, are the hay- scented fern (Dicksonia punctilobula) , the New York fern (Dryopteris Noveboracencis), and the Marsh Shield-fern. Dicksonia has a pretty leaf of fretwork, and will grow three feet in length, though it is usually much shorter. It is the fern universal here with us, it makes great swales running out from wood edges to pastures, and it rivals the bayberry in covering hillsides ; it will grow in dense beds under tall laurels or rhododen- drons, border your wild walk, or make a setting of cheer- ful light green to the stone wall ; while if cut for house decoration, it keeps in condition for several days and almost rivals the Maidenhair as a combination with sweet peas or roses. The New York fern, when of low stature, is one of the many bits of growing carpet of rich cool woods. If it is grown in deep shade, the leaves become too long and spindling for beauty. When in moist ground, quite in the open, or in reflected shade, the fresh young leaves of a foot and under add great variety to the grass and are a perfect setting for table decorations of small flowers. We have these ferns all through the dell. If they are FERNS, FENCES, AND WHITE BIRCHES 197 mown down in June, July sees a fresh crop, and their spring green is held perpetual until frost. The Marsh Shield-fern of gentian meadows is the per- fect small fern for a bit of wet ground, and is the green to be used with all wild flowers of like places. One day last autumn I had a bouquet of grass-of-Parnassus, ladies' tresses, and gentian massed thickly with these ferns, and the posey lived for days on the sunny window shelf of the den (for gentians close their eyes in shade), — a bit of the September marshland brought indoors. The tovo Beech- ferns, the long and the broad, you may grow on the knoll; give the long the dampest spots, and place the broad where it is quite dry. As the root- stocks of both these are somewhat frail, I would advise you to peg them down with hairpins and cover well with earth. By the way, I always use wire hairpins to hold down creeping rootstocks of every kind ; it keeps them from springing up and drying before the rootlets have a chance to grasp the soil. The roots of Maidenhair should always be treated in this way, as they dry out very quickly. This most distinctive of our New England ferns will grow between the rocks of your knoll, as well as in deep nooks in the fence. It seems to love rich side-hill woods and craves 198 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I a rock behind its back, and if you are only careful about the soil, you can have miniature forests of it with little trouble. As for maidenhair, all its uses are beauty ! Give me a bouquet of perfect wild rosebuds within a deep fringe of maidenhair to set in a crystal jar where I may watch the deep pink petals unfold and show the golden stars within; let me breathe their first breath of perfume, and you may keep all the greenhouse orchids that are grown. Though you can have a variety of ferns in other loca- tions, those that will thrive best on the knoll and keep it ever green and in touch with laurel and hemlock, are but five, — the Christmas fern, the Marginal Shield- fern, the common Rock Polypody, the Ebony Spleen wort, and the Spinulose Wood-fern. Of the first pair it is impossible to have too many. The Christmas fern, with its glistening leaves of holly green, has a stout, creep- ing rootstock, which must be firmly secured, a few stones being added temporarily to the hairpins to give weight. The Evergreen Wood-fern and Ebony Spleen wort, having short rootstocks, can be tucked into sufficiently deep holes between rocks or in the hollows left by small decayed stumps, while the transplanting of the Rock Polypody is an act where luck, recklessness, and a pinch of magic must all be combined. FERNS, FENCES, AND WHITE BIRCHES 199 You will find vast mats of these leathery little Poly- podys growing with rock-selaginella on the great bould- ers of the river woods. As these are to be split up for masonry, the experiment of transferring the polypody is no sin, though it savours somewhat of the process of skin-grafting. Evan and I have tried the experiment successfully, so that it is no fable. We had a bit of shady bank at home that proved by the mosses that grew on it that it was moistened from beneath the year through. The protecting shade was of tall hickories, and a rock ledge some twenty feet high shielded it from the south and east. We scraped the moss from a circle of about six feet and loosened the surface of the earth only, and very carefully. Then we spread some moist leaf-mould on the rough but flat surface of a partly exposed rock. Going to a near-by bit of woods that was being despoiled, as in your valley, we chose two great mats of polypody and moss that had no piercing twigs to break the fabric, and carefully peeled them from the rocks, as you would bark from a tree, the matted rootstocks weaving all together. Moistening these thoroughly, we wrapped them in a horse blanket and hurried home. The earth and rock already prepared were sprinkled with water and the fern fabric applied and gently but firmly pressed 200 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I down, that resting on the earth being held by the ever useful hairpin ! The rock graft was more difficult, but after many failures by way of stones that rolled off, a coarse network of cords was put across and fastened to whatever twigs or roots came in the way. Naturally a period of con- stant sprinkling followed, and for that season the rock graft seemed decidedly homesick, but the next spring resignation had set in, and two years later the poly- podys had completely adopted the new location and were prepared to appropriate the whole of it. So you see that there are comparatively only a few ferns, after all, that are of great value to The Garden, You, and I, and likewise there are but a few rules for their transplanting, viz.: — Don't bother about the tops, for new ones will grow, but look to the roots, and do not let them be exposed to the air or become dry in travel. Examine the quality of soil from which you have taken the ferns, and if you have none like it nearer home, take some with you for a starter ! Never dig up more on one day than you can plant during the next, and above all remember that if a fern is worth tramping the country- side for, it is worth careful planting, and that the moral remarks made about the care in setting out of roses FERNS, FENCES, AND WHITE BIRCHES 201 apply with double force to the handling of delicate wild flowers and ferns. Good luck to your knoll, Mary Penrose, and to your fern fence, if that fancy pleases you. May the magic of fern seed fill your eyes and let you see visions, the goodly things of heart's desire, when, all being accom- plished, you pause and look at the work of your hands. "And nimble fay and pranksome elf Flash vaguely past at every turn, Or, weird and wee, sits Puck himself, With legs akimbo, on a fern!" FRANKNESS, — GARDENING AND OTHERWISE (Mary Penrose to Barbara Campbell) July 15. — Midsummer Night. Since the month came in, vacation time has been suspended, insomuch that Bart goes to the office every day, Saturdays ex- cepted; but we have not returned to our indoor bed- room. Once it seemed the definition of airy coolness, with its three wide windows, white matting, and muslin draperies, but now — I fully understand the relative feelings of a bird in a cage and a bird in the open. The air blows through the bars and the sun shines through them, but it is still a cage. In these warm, still nights we take down the slat screens that hang between the hand-hewn chestnut beams of the old barn, and with the open rafters of what was a hay-loft above us, we look out of the door-frame straight up at the stars and sometimes drag our cots out on the wide bank that tops the wall, overlooking the Opal Farm, and sleep wholly under the sky. 202 FRANKNESS AND GARDENING 203 These two weeks past we have had the Infant with us at night, clad in a light woollen monkey-suit nighty with feet, her crib being, however, under cover. Her open-eyed wonder has been a new phase of the vaca- tion. Knowing no fear, she has begun to develop a feel- ing of kinship with all the small animals, not only of the barn but dwellers on Opal Farm as well, and when she discovered a nest of small mice in an old tool- box under the eaves and proposed to take them, in their improvised house, to her very own room at the opposite end, this " room " being a square marked around her bed by small flower-pots, set upside down, I protested, as a matter of course, saying that mice were not things to handle, and besides they would die without their mother. The Infant, still clutching the box, looked at me in round-eyed wonder: "I had Dinah and the kittens to play with in the nursery, didn't I, mother?" "Certainly!" "And when Ann-stasia brought them up in her ap'n, Dinah walked behind, didn't she?" "Yes, I think so!" " Ver-r-y well, the mouse mother will walk behind too, and I love mice better'n cats, for they have nicer hands ; 'sides, mother, don't you know who mice really and truly are, and why they have to hide away? They 204 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I are the horses that fairlies drive, and I'm going to have these for the fairlies in my village!" making a sweep of her arm toward the encampment of flower-pots; "if you want fairlies to stay close beside your bed, you must give them horses to drive, 'cause when it gets cold weather cobwebs gets too sharp for them to ride on and there isn't always fireflies 'n candle worms to show 'em the way, — 'n it's true, 'cause Larry says so!" she added, probably seeing the look of incredulity on my face. "Larry knows fairlies and they're really trulies; if you're bad to them, you'll see the road and it won't be there, and so you'll get into Hen'sy's bog ! Larry did, — and if you make houses for them like mine (pointing to the flower- pots) and give 'em drinks of milk and flower wine, they'll bring you lots of childrens ! They did to Larry, so I'm trying to please 'em wif my houses, so's to have some to play wif !" Larry's harmless folklore (for when he is quite him- self, as he is in these days, he has a certain refinement and an endless fund of marvellous legends and stories), birds and little beasts for friends, dolls cut from paper with pansies fastened on for faces, morning-glories for cups in which to give the fairies drink, what could make a more blissful childhood for our little maid ? That is FRANKNESS AND GARDENING 205 the everlasting pity of a city childhood. Creature com- forts may be had and human friends, but where is the vista that reaches under the trees and through the long meadow-grass where the red-gold lily bells tinkle, up the brook bed to the great flat mossy rock, beneath which is the door to fairyland, the spotted turtle being warder. Fairyland, the country of eternal youth and possibility ! I wouldn't give up the fairies that I once knew and peopled the solemn woods with down in grandfather's Virginia home for a fortune, and even now, any day, I can put my ear to the earth, like Tommy-Anne, and hear the grass grow. It occurred to me yesterday that the Infant, in age, temperament, and heredity, is suited to be a companion for your Richard. Could you not bring him down with you before the summer is over? Though, as the unlike sometimes agree best, Ian and she might be more compatible, so bring them both and we will turn the trio loose in the meadows of Opal Farm with a mite of a Shetland pony that The Man from Everywhere has recently bestowed upon the Infant — crazy, extravagant man ! What we shall do with it in winter I do not know, as we cannot yet run into the ex- pense of keeping such live stock. But why bother? it is only midsummer now, grazing is plentiful and seems 206 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I to suit the needs of this spunky little beast, and the In- fant riding him "across country," as Bart calls her wan- derings about Opal Farm, is a spectacle too pretty to be denied us. Yes, I know I'm silly, and that you have the twins to rhapsodize about, but girls are so much more picturesque in the clothes ! What ! thought she wore gingham bloomers ! Yes, but not all the time, for Maria will frill her up and run her with ribbons of afternoons ! ******* Back to the house and garden ! I'm wandering, but then I'm Lady Lazy this summer, as The Man from Everywhere calls me, and naturally a bit inconsequent ! As I said, Bart is at the office daily, and will be for another week, but Lady Lazy has not returned to what Maria Maxwell calls "The Tyranny of the Three M's," — the mending basket, the market book, and the money-box ! I was willing, quite willing ; in fact it is only fair that Maria should have her time of irresponsi- bility, for I know that she has half a dozen invitations to go to pleasant places and meet people, one being from Lavinia Cortright to visit her shore cottage. I'm always hoping that Maria may meet the "right man" some summer day, but that she surely will never do if she stays here. FRANKNESS AND GARDENING 207 "I've everything systematized, and it's easier for me to go on than drop the needles for a fortnight or so and then find, on coming back, that you have been knitting a mitten when I had started the frame of a sock," Maria said, laughing; "make flower hay while the crop is to be had for the gathering, my lady ! Another year you may not have such free hands 1" Then my protests grew weaker and weaker, for the establishment had thriven marvellously well with- out my daily interference. The jam closet shows rows of everything that might be made of strawberries, cherries, currants, and raspberries, and it suddenly struck me that possibly if domestic machinery is set going on a consistent basis, whether it is not a mistake to do too much oiling and tightening of a screw here and there, unless distinct symptoms of a halt render it absolutely necessary. "Very well," I said, with a show of spunk, "give me one single task, that I may not feel as if I had no part in the homemaking. Something as ornamental and frivolous as you choose, but that shall occupy me at least two hours a day!" Maria paused a moment; we were then standing in front of the fireplace, where a jar of bayberry filled the place of logs between the andirons. First, 208 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I casting her eyes through the doors of dining room, living room, and den, she fixed them on me with rather a mis- chievous twinkle, as she said, "You shall gather and arrange the flowers for the house ; and always have plenty of them, but never a withered or dropsical blossom among them all. You shall also invent new ways for arranging them, new combinations, new effects, the only restriction being that you shall not put vases where the water will drip on books, or make the house look like the show window of a wholesale florist. I will give you a fresh mop, and you can have the back porch and table for your workshop, and if I'm not mistaken, you will find two hours a day little enough for the work!" she added with very much the air of some one engag- ing a new housemaid and presenting her with a broom ! It has never taken me two hours to gather and ar- range the flowers, and though of course we are only beginning to have much of a garden, we've always had flowers in the house, — quantities of sweet peas and such things, besides wild flowers. I began to protest, an injured feeling rising in my throat, that she, Maria Maxwell, music teacher, city bound for ten years, should think to instruct me of recent outdoor experience. "Yes, you've always had flowers, but did you pick FRANKNESS AND GARDENING 209 the sweet peas or did Barney ? Did you cram them hap- hazard into the first thing that came handy (probably that awful bowl decorated in ten discordant colours and evidently a wedding present, for such atrocities never find any other medium of circulation) ? Or did you separate them nicely, and arrange the pink and sal- mon peas with the lavender in that plain-coloured Sevres vase that is unusually accommodating in the matter of water, then putting the gay colours in the blue- and-white Delft bowl and the duller ones in cut glass to give them life? Having plenty, did you change them every other day, or the moment the water began to look milky, or did you leave them until the flowers clung to- gether in the first stages of mould ? Meanwhile, the un- gathered flowers on the vines were seriously developing peas and shortening their stems to be better able to bear their weight. And, Mary Penrose," — here Maria positively glared at me as if I had been a primary pupil in the most undesirable school of her route who was both stone deaf and afflicted with catarrh, "did you wash out your jars and vases with a mop every time you changed the flowers, and wipe them on a towel separate from the ones used for the pantry glass ? No, you never did ! You tipped the water out over there at the end of the piazza by the honeysuckles, because you couldn't quite 210 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I bring yourself to pouring it down the pantry sink, refilled the vases, and that was all!" In spite of a certain sense of annoyance that I felt at the way in which Maria was giving me a lecture, and somehow when a person has taught for ten years she (particularly she) inevitably acquires a rather unpleas- ant way of imparting the truth that makes one wish to deny it, I stood convicted in my own eyes as well as in Maria's. It had so often happened that when either Barney had brought in the sweet peas and left them on the porch table, or Bart had gathered a particularly beautiful wild bouquet in one of his tramps, I had lin- gered over a book or some bit of work upstairs until almost the time for the next meal, and then, seeing the half-withered look of reproach that flowers wear when they have been long out of water, I have jammed them helter-skelter into the first receptacle at hand. Sometimes a little rough verbal handling stirs up the blood under a too-complacent cuticle. Maria's preach- ment did me good, the more probably because the time was ripe for it, and therefore the past two weeks have been filled with new pleasures, for another thing that the month spent in the open has shown me is the wonder- ful setting the natural environment and foliage gives to a flower. At first the completeness appeals insensibly, FRANKNESS AND GARDENING 211 and unless one is of the temperament that seeks the cause behind the effect, it might never be realized. The Japanese have long since arrived at a method of arranging flowers which is quality and intrinsic value as opposed to miscellaneous quantity. The way of nature, however, it seems to me, is twofold, for there are flowers that depend for beauty, and this with nature that seems only another word for perpetuity, upon the strength of numbers, as well as those that make a more individual appeal. The composite flowers — daisies, asters, goldenrod — belong to the class that take natu- rally to massing, while the blue flag, meadow and wood lilies, together with the spiked orchises, are typical of the second. By the same process of comparison I have decided that jars and vases having floral decorations themselves are wholly unsuitable for holding flowers. They should be cherished as bric-a-brac, when they are worthy speci- mens of the art of potter and painter, but as receptacles for flowers they have no use beyond holding sprays of beautiful foliage or silver-green masses of ferns. Porcelain, plain in tint and of carefully chosen colours, such as beef-blood, the old rose, and peach-blow hues, in which so many simple forms and inexpensive bits of Japanese pottery may be bought, a peculiar creamy 212 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I yellow, a dull green, gobelin, and Delft blue and white, sacred to the jugs and bowls of our grandmothers, all do well. Cut glass is a fine setting for flowers of strong colour, but kills the paler hues, and above and beyond all is the dark moss-green glass of substantial texture that is fashioned in an endless variety of shapes. By chance, gift, and purchase we have gathered about a dozen pieces of this, ranging from a cylinder almost the size of an umbrella-stand down through fluted, hat-shaped dishes, for roses or sweet peas, to some little troughs of conventional shapes in which pansies or other short- stemmed flowers may be arranged so as to give the look of an old-fashioned parterre to the dining table. I had always found these useful, but never quite realized to the full that green or brown is the only consist- ent undercolour for all field and grass-growing flowers until this summer. But during days that I have spent browsing in the river woods, while Bart and Barney, and more recently Larry, have been digging the herbs that we have marked; I have realized the necessity of a certain combinaticn of earth, bark, and dead-leaf browns in the receptacles for holding wood flowers and the vines that in their natural ascent clasp and cling to the trunks and limbs of trees. Several years ago mother sent me some pretty flower- FRANKNESS AND GARDENING 213 holders made of bamboos of different lengths, intended evidently to hang against door-jambs or in hallways. The pith was hollowed out here and there, and the hole plugged from beneath to make little water pockets. These did admirably for a season, but when the wood dried, it invariably split, and treacherous dripping fol- lowed, most ruinous to furniture. A few weeks back, when looking at some mossed and gnarled branches in the woods, an idea occurred to Bart and me at the same moment. Why could we not use such pieces as these, together with some trunks of your beloved white birch, to which I, via the screen at Opal Farm, was becoming insensibly devoted at the very time that you wrote me? Augur holes could be bored in them at various dis- tances and angles, if not too acute; the thing was to find glass, in bottle or other forms, to fit in the openings. This difficulty was solved by The Man from Everywhere on his reappearance the night before the Fourth, after an absence of a whole week, laden with every manner of noise and fire making arrangement for the Infant, though I presently found that Bart had partly instigated the outfit, and the two overgrown boys revelled in fire- balloons and rockets under cover of the Infant's en- thusiasm, much as the grandpa goes to the circus as an 2i4 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I apparent martyr to little Tommy's desire! A large package that, from the extreme care of its handling, I judged must hold something highly explosive, on being opened divulged many dozens of the slender glass tubes, with a slight lip for holding cord or wire, such as, filled with roses or orchids, are hung in the garlands of as- paragus vines and smilax in floral decorations of either houses or florists' windows. These tubes varied in length from four to six inches, the larger being three inches in diameter. "Behold your leak -proof interiors!" he cried, hold- ing one up. "Now set your wits and Bart's tool-box to work and we shall have some speedy results!" Dear Man from Everywhere, he had bought a gross of the glasses, thereby reminding me of a generous but eccentric great-uncle of ours who had a passion for at- tending auctions, and once, by error, in buying, as he supposed, twelve yellow earthenware bowls, found him- self confronted by twelve dozen. Thus grandmother's storeroom literally had a golden lining, and my entire childhood was pervaded with these bowls, several finally falling into my possession for the mixing of mud pies ! But between the durability of yellow bowls and blown- glass tubes there is little parallel, and already I have found the advantage of having a good supply in stock. FRANKNESS AND GARDENING 215 Our first natural flower-holder is a great success. Having found a four-pronged silver birch, with a broken top, over in the abandoned gravel-pit (where, by the way, are a score of others to be had for the digging, and such easy digging too), Larry sawed it off a bit below the ground, so as to give it an even base. The diameter of the four uprights was not quite a foot, all told, and these were sawn of unequal lengths of four, six, seven, and nine inches, care being taken not to "haggle," as Larry calls it, the clean white bark in the process. Then Bart went to work with augur and round chisel, and bored and chipped out the holes for the glass tubes, incidentally breaking two glasses before we had comforta- bly settled the four, for they must fit snugly enough not to wiggle and tip, and yet not so tight as to bind and pre- vent removal for cleaning purposes. This little stand of natural wood was no sooner finished and mounted on the camp table than its possibilities began to crowd around it. Ferns being the nearest at hand, I crawled over the crumbling bank wall into the Opal Farm meadow and gathered hay-scented, wood, and lady ferns from along the fence line and grouped them loosely in the stand. The effect was magical, a bit of its haunt following the fern indoors. Next day I gathered in the hemlock woods a basket 2i6 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I of the waxy, spotted-leaved pipsissewa, together with spikes and garlands of club moss. I had thought these perfect when steadied by bog moss in a flat, cut-glass dish, but in the birch stump they were entirely at home. If these midsummer wood flowers harmonize so well, how much more charming will be the blossoms of early spring, a season when the white birch is quite the most conspicuous tree in the landscape ! Picture dog-tooth vio- lets, spring beauties, bellwort, Quaker-ladies, and great tufts of violets, shading from white to deepest blue, in such a setting ! Or, of garden things, poets' narcissus and lilies-of-the- valley ! Other receptacles of a like kind we have in different stages of progress, made of the wood of sassafras, oak, beech, and hackberry, together with several irregular stumps of lichen-covered cedar. Two long limbs with several short side branches Bart has flattened on the back and arranged with picture- hooks, so that they can be bracketed against the frame of the living-room door, opposite the flower-greeting table that I have fashioned after yours. These are to be used for vines, and I shall try to keep this wide, open portal cheerfully garlanded. The first week of my flower wardenship was a most strenuous one. I use the word reluctantly, but having FRANKNESS AND GARDENING 217 tried half a dozen others, no equivalent seemed to fit. I had flowers in every room in the house, bedchambers included, using in this connection the cleanest-breathed and longest-lived blossoms possible. Late as was the sowing, the annuals remaining in the seed bed have begun to yield a glorious crop. The fireplaces were filled with black-eyed Susans from the fields and hollyhocks from an old self-seeded colony at Opal Farm, and every available vase, bowl, and pitcher had something in it. How I laboured ! I washed jars, sorted colours, and freshened still passable arrangements of the day before, and all the while I felt sure that Maria was watching me, with an amused twinkle in the tail of her eye ! One day, the middle of last week, the temperature dropped suddenly, and we fled from camp to the house for twenty-four hours, lighted the logs in the hall, and actually settled down to a serious game of whist in the evening, Maria Maxwell, The Man, Bart, and I. Yes, I know how you detest the game, but I — though I am not exactly amused by it — rather like it, for it gives occupa- tion at once for the hands and thoughts and a cover for studying the faces and moods of friends without the reproach of staring. By the way, The Man has hired half the house from 218 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I Amos Opie — it was divided several years ago — and established helter-skelter bachelor quarters at Opal Farm. Bart has told him, over and over again, how wel- come he is to stay here, under any and all conditions, while he works in the vicinity, but he says that he needs a lot of room for his traps, muddy boots, etc., while Opie, a curious Jack-at-all-trades, gives him his breakfast. I'm wondering if The Man felt that he was intruding upon Maria by staying here, or if she has any Mrs. Grundy ideas and was humpy to him, or even suggested that he would better move up the road. She is quite capable of it ! However, he seems glad enough to drop in to dinner of an evening now, and the two are so delightfully cordial and unembarrassed in their talk, neither yielding a jot to the other, in the resolute spinster and bachelor fashion, that I must conclude that his going was probably a natural happening. This evening, while Maria and I were waiting together for the men to finish toying with their coffee cups and match-boxes and emerge refreshed from the delightful indolence of the after-dinner smoke, the odour of the flowers — intensified both by dampness and the wood- smoke — was very manifest. "How do you like your employment?" asked Maria. FRANKNESS AND GARDENING 219 "I like the decorative and inventive part of it," I said, thinking into the fire, "but I believe" — and here I hesitated as a chain of peculiar green flame curled about the log and held my attention. "That it is quite as possible to overdo the house decoration with flowers as it is to spoil a nice bit of lawn with too many fan- tastic flower beds!" Bart broke in quite unexpect- edly, coming behind me and raising my face, one hand beneath my chin. "Isn't that what you were thinking, my Lady Lazy?" "Truly it was, only I never meant to let it pop out so suddenly and rudely," I was forced to confess. "In one way it would seem impossible to have too many flowers about, and yet in another it is unnatural, for are not nature's unconscious effects made by using colour as a central point, a focus that draws the eye from a more sombre and soothing setting?" "How could we enjoy a sunset that held the whole circle of the horizon at once ? " chimed in The Man, sud- denly, as if reading my thoughts. " Or twelve moons ? " added Bart, laughing. No, Mrs. Evan, I am convinced by so short a trial as two weeks that the art of arranging flowers for the house is first, your plan of having some to greet the guest as he enters, a bit of colour or coolness in each room 220 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I where we pause to read or work or chat, and a table garnishing to render aesthetic the aspect and surround- ings of the human animal at his feeding time ; otherwise, except at special seasons of festivity, a surplus of flowers in the house makes for restlessness, not peace. Two days ago I had thirty-odd vases and jars filled with flowers, and I felt, as I sat down to sew, as if I was trespassing in a bazaar ! Also, if there are too many jars of various flowers in one room, it is impossible that each should have its own individuality. To-day I began my new plan. I put away a part of my jars and vases and deliberately thought out what flowers I would use before gathering them. The day being overcast though not threatening, merely the trail, as it were, of the storm that had passed, and the den being on the north side of the house and finished in dark woodwork and furniture, I gathered nasturtiums in three shades for it, the deep crimson, orange-scarlet, and canary-yellow, but not too many — a blue- and- white jar of the Chinese "ginger" pattern for one corner of the mantel-shelf, and for the Japanese well buckets, that are suspended from the central hanging lamp by cords, a cascade of blossoms of the same colour still attached to their own fleshy vines and interspersed with the foliage. Strange as it may seem, this little bit FRANKNESS AND GARDENING 221 of pottery, though of a peculiar deep pink, harmon- izes wonderfully well with the barbaric nasturtium colours. There seems to be a kind of magic blended with the form and colour of these buckets, plain and severe in shape, that swing so gracefully from their silken cords, for they give grace to every flower that touches them. When filled with stiff stalks of lilies- of-the- valley or tulips, they have an equally distinguished air as when hung with the bells of columbines or gar- lands of flowering honeysuckles twisted about the cords climbing quite up to the lamp. In the hall I placed my tallest green-glass jar upon the greeting table and filled it with long stalks of red and gold Canada lilies from the very bottom of Amos Opie's field, where the damp meadow-grass begins to make way for tussocks and the marshy ground begins. The field now is as beautiful as a dream ; the early grasses have ripened, and above them, literally by the hundreds, — rank, file, regiment, and platoon, — stand these lilies, some stalks holding twenty bells, ranged as regularly as if the will of man had set them there, and yet poised so gracefully that we know at once that no human touch has placed them. I wish that you could have stood with me in the doorway of the camp and 222 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I looked across that field this morning. Bart declared the sight to be the first extra dividend upon our payment to Amos Opie for leaving the grass uncut. I left the stalks of the lilies full three feet long and used only their own foliage, together with some broad-leaved grasses, to break the too abrupt edge of the glass. This is a point that must be remembered in arranging flowers, the keeping the relative height and habit of the plant in the mind's eye. These lilies, gathered with short stems and massed in a crowded bunch, at once lose their in- dividuality and become mere little freckled yellow gamins of the flower world. A rather slender jar or vase also gives an added sense of height; long-stemmed flowers should never be put in a flat receptacle, no matter how adroitly they may be held in place. Only last month I was called upon to admire a fine array of long- stemmed roses that were held in a flat dish by being stuck in wet sand, and even though this was covered by green moss, the whole thing had a painfully artificial and embalmed look, impossible to overcome. For the living room, which is in quiet green tones and chintz-upholstered wicker furniture, I gathered Shirley poppies. They are not as large and perfectly developed as those I once saw in your garden from fall-sown seed, FRANKNESS AND GARDENING 223 but they are so delicately tinted and the petals so grace- fully winged that it seemed like picking handfuls of butterflies. Maria Maxwell has shown me how, by looking at the stamens, I can tell if the flower is newly opened, for by picking only such they will last two full days. How lasting are youthful impressions! She remembers all these things, though she has had no very own garden these ten years and more. Will the Infant remember creeping into my cot in these summer mornings, cuddling and being crooned to like a veritable nestling, until her father gains sufficient consciousness to take his turn and delight her by the whistled imitation of a few simple bird songs? Yes, I think so, and I would rather give her this sort of safeguard to keep off harmful thoughts and influences than any worldly wisdom. The poppies I arranged in my smallest frosted-white and cut-glass vases in two rows on the mantel- shelf, before the quaint old oblong mirror, making it look like a miniature shrine. Celia Thaxter had this way of using them, if I remember rightly, the reflection in the glass doubling the beauty and making the frail things seem alive ! For the library, where oak and blue are the prevailing tints, I filled a silver tankard with a big bunch of blue 224 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I cornflowers, encircled by the leaves of "dusty miller," and placed it on the desk. The dining-room walls are of deep dark red that must be kept cool in summer. At all seasons I try to have the table decorations low enough not to oblige us to peer at one another through a green mist, and to-day I made a wreath of hay-scented ferns and ruby-spotted Japan lilies (Speciosum rubrum, the tag says — they were sent as extras with my seeds), by combining two half- moon dishes, and in the middle set a slender, finely cut, flar- ing vase holding two perfect stems, each bearing half a dozen lily buds and blossoms. These random bulbs are the first lilies of my own planting. There are a few stalks of the white Madonna lilies in the grass of the old garden and a colony of tiger lilies and an upright red lily with different sort of leaves, all clustered at the root, following the tumble -down wall, the rockery to be. I am fascinated by these Japanese lilies and desire more, each stalk is so sturdy, each flower so beautifully finished and set with jewels and then powdered with gold, as it were. Pray tell me some- thing about the rest of the family! Do they come within my range and pocket, think you? The first cost of a fair-sized bed would be considerable, but if they are things that by care will endure, it is some- FRANKNESS AND GARDENING 225 thing to save up for, when the rose bed is completed — take note of that ! When Bart came home this afternoon, he walked through the rooms before going out and commented on the different flowers, entirely simple in arrangement, and lingered over them, touching and taking pleasure in them in a way wholly different from last week, when each room was a jungle and I was fairly suffering from flower surfeit. Now I find myself taking note of happy combinations of colour in other people's gardens and along the high- ways for further experiments. I seem to remember looking over a list of flower combinations and sugges- tions in your garden book. Will you lend it to me? By the way, opal effects seem to circle about the place this season — the sunsets, the farm-house windows, and finally that rainy night when we were playing whist, when The Man, taking a pencil from his pocket, pulled out a little chamois bag that, being loose at one end, shed a shower of the unset stones upon the green cloth, where they lay winking and blinking like so many fiery coals. "Are you a travelling jeweler's shop?" quizzed Bart. "No," replied The Man, watching the stones where they lay, but not attempting to pick them up; "the 226 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I opal is my birth stone, and I've always had a fancy for picking them up at odd times and carrying them with me for luck!" "I thought that they are considered unlucky," said Maria, holding one in the palm of her hand and watch- ing the light play upon it. "That is as one reads them," said The Man; "to me they are occasionally contradictory, that is all; otherwise they represent adaptation to circumstances, and inexpensive beauty, which must always be a consolation." Then he gave us each one, "to start a collection," he said. I shall have mine set as a talisman for the Infant. I like this new interpretation of the stone, for to divine beauty in simple things is a gift equal to genius. Maria, however, insisted upon giving an old-fashioned threepenny bit, kept as a luck penny in the centre of her purse, in exchange. How can any woman be so devoid of even the little sentiment of gifts as she is? A moment later The Man from Everywhere elec- trified us by saying, in the most casual manner, "Now that we are on the subject of opals, did I tell you that, being in some strange manner drawn to the place, I have made Opie an offer for the Opal Farm?" FRANKNESS AND GARDENING 227 "Good enough! but what for?" exclaimed Bart, nearly exposing a very poor hand. "How splendid!" I cried, checking an impulse to throw my arms around his neck so suddenly that I shied my cards across the room — "Then the meadow need never be cut again !" "What a preposterous idea! Did he accept the offer ? " jerked Maria Maxwell, with a certain eagerness. The Marts face, already of a healthy outdoor hue, took a deeper colour above the outline of his closely cropped black beard, which he declined to shave, in spite of prevailing custom. "I'm afraid my popularity as a neighbour is a minor quality, when even my Lady Lazy makes it evident that her enthusiasm is for meadow weeds and not myself!" "When would you live there?" asked practical Bart. "All the time, when I'm not elsewhere!" said The Man. "No, seriously, I want permanent headquarters, a house to keep my traps in, and it can easily be some- what remodelled and made comfortable. I want to own a resting-place for the soles of my feet when they are tired, and is it strange that I should pitch my tent near two good friends?" It was a good deal for The Man to say, and instantly there was hand- shaking and back-clapping between 228 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I Bart and himself, and the game became hopelessly mixed. As for Maria, she as nearly sniffed audibly at the idea as a well-bred woman could. It is strange, I had almost fancied during the course of the past month, and especially this evening, that The Man's glance, when toward her, held a special approval of a different variety than it carried to Bart and me ! If Maria is going to worry him, she shall go back to her flat ! I've often heard Bart say that men's feelings are very woundable at forty, while at twenty-five a hurt closes up like water after a pebble has been dropped in it. ******* Yes, Maria has been rude to The Man, and in my house, too, where she represents me ! Anastasia told me ! I suppose I really ought not to have listened, but it was all over before I realized what she was saying. "Yes, mem, for all Miss Marie do be fixed out, so tasty and pleasant like to everybody, and so much chicked up by the country air, she's no notion o' beaus or of troubling wid the men !" "What do you mean, Anastasia?" said I, in perfect innocence. " Of course Miss Maria is not a young girl to go gadding about!" FRANKNESS AND GARDENING 229 "It's not gadding I mean, mem, but here on the porch, one foine night, jest before the last time Mister Blake went off fer good, they was sat there some toime, so still that, says I to meself , ' When they do foind spach, it'll be something worth hearing!' " ' Do I annoy you by staying here ? Would you prefer I went elsewhere ? ' says he, and well I moind the words, for Oi thought an offer was on the road, and as 'twas the nearest I'd been to wan, small wonder I got ex- coited ! Then Miss Marie spoke up, smooth as a knife cutting ice. cream, — 'To speak frankly,' says she, 'you do not exactly annoy me, but I'd much rather you went elsewhere!' Och, but it broke me heart, the sound of it!" LIST OF FLOWER COMBINATIONS FOR THE TABLE FROM BARBARA'S GARDEN BOKE HEAVILY SCENTED FLOWERS, SUCH AS HYACINTHS, LEMON AND AURA- TUM LILIES, POLYANTHUS NARCISSUS, MAGNOLIAS, LILACS, AND THE LIKE, SHOULD BE AVOIDED. Snowdrops and pussy-willows. Hepaticas and moss. Spice-bush and shad-bush sprays. Trailing arbutus and sweet, white garden violets. Double daffodils and willow sprays. Crocus buds and moss. Blue garden scillas and wild white saxifrage. Black -birch catkins and wind-flowers. Plants of the various wild violets, according to season, arranged in an earthen pan with a moss or bark covering. Old-fashioned myrtle, with its glossy leaves, and single narcissus, or English primroses. Bleeding-heart and young ferns. English border primroses in small rose bowls. Lilies-of -the -valley, with plenty of their own leaves, and poets' narcissus. Tulip-tree flowers and leaves. The wild red-and-gold columbine with young white-birch sprays. Pinxter flower and the New York or wood fern. Jack-in-the-pulpit with its own leaves, in a bark or moss covered jar. 230 LIST OF FLOWER COMBINATIONS 231 Pink moccasin-flowers with ferns, in bark-covered jar. Pansies with ivy or laurel leaves, arranged in narrow dishes to form a parterre about a central mirror. Iceland poppies with small ferns or grasses. May pinks and forget-me-nots. Blue larkspurs and deutzia (always put white with blue flowers). Peonies with evergreen ferns, in a central jar. Sweet-william, arranged in separate colours for parterre effect or in a large blue-and-white bowl, with graceful sprays of honeysuckle flowers. Wild roses with plenty of buds and foliage, in blue-and-white bowls. Roses in large sprays with branches of the young leaves of cop- per beech — or masses of Chinese honeysuckle. Roses with short stems arranged with their own or rugosa foliage in blue-and-white dishes that have coarse wire netting fitted to the top to keep the flowers in place. White field daisies, clover, and flowering grasses, in a large bowl or jar. Mountain laurel with its own leaves, in central jar and parterre dishes. Nasturtiums, in cut-glass bowl or vase, with the foliage of lemon verbena. Sweet peas of five colours with a fringe of maiden-hair ferns, the deepest colour in a central jar, with other smaller bowls at corners, and small ferns laid around mirror and on cloth between. Japan lilies, single flowers, in parterre dishes with ivy leaves, and sprays in central vase. Balsams arranged in effect of set borders. Asters in separate colours. 232 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I Spotted-leaved pipsissewa of the woods with fern border, in bark- covered dish. Red and gold bell meadow lilies, in large jar, with field grasses. Gladioli — the flowers separated from the stalks and arranged with various leaves for parterre effect, or stalks laid upon the cloth with evergreen ferns to separate the places at a formal meal. Sweet sultan, in separate colours, in rose bowls, with fragrant geranium or lemon-verbena foliage. Shirly poppies with grasses or green rye, in four slender vases about a larger centrepiece. Margaret or picotee carnations with mignonette, arranged loosely in a cut-glass vase or bowl. Green rye, wheat, or oats with the blue garden cornflower — or wild blue chickory. Wild asters with heavy tasselled marsh-grasses. Goldenrods with purple iron weed and vines of wild white clematis, arranged about a flat dish of peaches and pears. All through autumn place your central mirror on a mat made by laying freshly gathered coloured leaves upon the cloth. Wallflowers and late pansies. White Japanese anemonies and ferns. Grass of Parnassus, ladies tresses, and marsh shield ferns. Garden chrysanthemums, in blue-and-white jars and bowls, on a large mat of brown magnolia leaves. Sprays of yellow witch-hazel flowers and leaves of red oak. Sprays of coral winterberry, from which leaves have been removed, and white-pine tassels. Club -mosses, small evergreen ferns, and partridge vine with its red berries, in a bark-covered dish of earth. XI A SEASIDE GARDEN (Barbara Campbell to Mary Penrose) Gray Rocks, July 19. Your epistle upon the evils of an excess of flowers in the house found us here with the Cortrights and Bradfords, and I read it with Lavinia and Sylvia on either side, as the theme had many notes in it familiar to us all ! There are certainly times and seasons when the impulse is overpowering to lay hold of every flower that comes in the way and gather it to one's self, to cram every possible nook and corner with this portable form of beauty and fairly indulge in a flower orgie. Then sets in a reaction that shows, as in so many things, the middle path is the best for every day. Also there are many enthusiastic gardeners, both among those who grow their own flowers and those who cause them to be grown, who spare neither pains nor money until the flowers are gathered ; then their grip relaxes, and the house arrangement of the fruit of their labour is left to chance. In many cases, where a professional gardener is in 233 234 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I charge, several baskets, containing a confused mass of blossoms, are deposited daily in porch or pantry, often at a time when the mistress is busy, and they are either overlooked or at the last moment crammed into the first receptacle that comes to hand, from their very inoppor- tuneness creating almost a feeling of dislike. When once lodged, they are frequently left to their fate until they become fairly noisome, for is there any- thing more offensive to aesthetic taste than blackened and decaying flowers soaking in stagnant water? Was it not Auerbach, in his Poet and Merchant, who said, "The lovelier a thing is in its perfection, the more terrible it becomes through its corruption " ? and cer- tainly this applies to flowers. Flowers, like all of the best and lasting pleasures, must be taken a little seriously from the sowing of the seed to the placing in the vase, that they may become the incense of home, and the most satisfactory way of choosing them for this use is to make a daily tour about the garden, or, if a change is desired, through the fields and highways, and, with the particular nook you wish to fill in mind, gather them yourself. Even the woman with too wide a selection to gather from personally can in this way indicate what she wishes. A SEASIDE GARDEN 235 In the vegetable garden the wise man thinks out his crop and arranges a variety for the table ; no one wishes every vegetable known to the season every day, and why should not the eye be educated and nourished by an equal variety? We are all very much interested in your flower-holders of natural wood, and I will offer you an idea in exchange, after the truly cooperative Garden, You, and I plan. In the flower season, instead of using your embroidered centrepieces for the table, which become easily stained and defaced by having flowers laid upon them, make several artistic table centres of looking-glass, bark, moss, or a combination of all three. Lavinia Cortright and I, as a beginning, have oval mirrors of about eighteen inches in length, with invisibly narrow nickel bindings. Sometimes we use these with merely an edge of flowers or leaves and a crystal basket or other low arrangement of flowers in the centre. The glass is only a beginning, other combinations being a birch-bark mat, several inches wider than the glass, that may be used under it so that a wide border shows, or the mat by itself as a background for delicate wood flowers and ferns. A third mat I have made of stout cardboard and covered with lichens, reindeer moss, and bits of mossy bark, and I never go 236 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I to the woods but what I see a score of things that fairly thrust themselves before me and offer to blend with one of these backgrounds, and by holding the eye help to render meal-times less "foody," as Sukey Latham puts it, though none the less nourishing. Last night when we gathered at dinner, a few moments after our arrival and our first meeting at this cottage, I at once became aware that though host and hostess were the same delightful couple, we were not dining at Meadow's End, their Oaklands cottage, but at Gray Rocks, with silver sea instead of green grass below the windows. While the sea surroundings were brought indoors and on the centre of the dinner table the mirror was edged by a border of sea-sand, glistening pebbles and little shells were arranged as a background instead of mosses and lichens, and rich brown seaweeds still moist with the astringent tonic sea breath edged this frame, and the more delicate rose-coloured and pale green weeds seemed floating upon the glass, that held a giant periwinkle shell filled with the pink star- shaped sabbatia, or sea pink, of the near-by salt marshes. There was no effort, no strain after effect, but a con- sistent preparation of the eye for the simple meal of sea food that followed. In front of the cottage the rocks slope quickly to the A SEASIDE GARDEN 237 beach, but on either side there is a stretch of sand pocketed among the rocks, and in the back a dune stops abruptly at the margin of wide salt meadows, creek- fed and unctuous, as befits the natural gardens of the sea. The other cottages lying to the eastward are gay in red-and- white striped awnings, and porch and window boxes painted red or green are filled with geraniums, nas- turtiums, petunias, — any flowers, in short, that will thrive in the broiling sun, while some of the owners have planted buoy-like barrels at the four corners of their enclosures and filled them with the same assortment of foliage plants with which they would decorate a village lawn. This use of flowers seemed at once to draw the coolness from the easterly breeze and intensify the heat that vibrates from the sand. Have you ever noticed that the sea in these latitudes has no affinity for the brightest colours, save as it is a mirror for the fleeting flames of sunrise and sunset? The sea-birds are blended tints of rock, sand, sky, and water, save the dash of coral in bill and foot of a few, just as the'coral of the wild- rose hips blends with the tawny marsh-grasses. Scarlet is a colour abhorred even by the marshes, until late in autumn the blaze of samphire consumes them with long spreading tongues 238 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I of flame. How can people be so senseless as to come seaward to cool their bodies, and yet so surround them- selves with scarlet that it is never out of range of the eye ? Lavinia Cortright and the botanical Bradfords, as Evan calls them, because though equally lovers of flowers, they go further than some for the reason why that lies hid beneath the colour and perfume, have laid out and are still developing a sand garden that, while giving the cottage home the restful air that is a garden's first claim, has still the distinct identity of the sand and sea! To begin, with one single exception, they have drawn upon the wild for this garden, even as you are doing in the restoration of your knoll. Back of the cottage a dozen yards is a sand ridge covering some fairly good, though mongrel, loam, for here, as along most of the coasts of sounds and bays, the sea, year by year, has bitten into the soil and at the same time strewn it with sand. Considering this as the garden boundary, a windbreak of good-sized bayberry bushes has been placed there, not in a stiff line, but in blended groups, enclosing three sides, these bays being taken from a thicket of them farther toward the marshes. An alley from the back porch into this enclosure is bordered on either side by bushes of beach plum, that, A SEASIDE GARDEN 239 when covered with feathery white bloom in May, before the leaves appear, gives the sandy shore the only orchard touch it knows. Of course the flowering period is over when the usual shore season begins, though nowadays there is no off time — people go to shore and country when they are moved; yet the beach plum is a pic- turesque bush at any time, especially when, in Sep- tember, it is loaded with the red purple fruit. In the two spaces on either side the alley the sand is filled with massed plants that, when a little more time has been given them for stretching and anchoring their roots, will straightway weave a flower mat upon the sand. Down beyond the next point, one day last autumn, Horace and Sylvia found a plantation of our one New England cactus, the prickly pear (Opuntia opuntia). We have it here and there in our rocky pasture ; but in greater heat and with better underfeeding it seemed a bit of a tropical plain dropped on the eastern coast. Do you know the thing? The leaves are shaped like the fans of a lobster's tail and sometimes are several- jointed, smooth except for occasional tufts of very treacherous spikes, and of a peculiar semitranslucent green; the half-double flowers set on the leaf edges are three inches across and of a brilliant sulphur-yellow, with tasselled stamens ; the fruit is fleshy, somewhat fig-shaped, and 240 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I of a dark red when ripe — altogether a very decorative plant, though extremely difficult to handle. After surveying the plantation on all sides, the tongs used by the oyster dredges suggested themselves to Horace, and thus grasped, the prickly pears were safely moved and pegged in their new quarters with long pieces of bent wire, the giant equivalents of the useful hairpins that I recommended for pegging down your ferns. Now the entire plot of several yards square, appar- ently untroubled by the removal, is in full bloom, and has been for well-nigh a month, they say, though the in- dividual blossoms are but things of a day. Close by, another yellow flower, smaller but more pickable, is just now waving, the rock rose or frostweed, bearing two sorts of flowers : the conspicuous yellow ones, some- what resembling small evening primroses, while all the ground between is covered with an humble member of the rock rose family — the tufted beach heather with its intricate branches, reminding one more of a club- moss than a true flowering plant. Not a scrap of sand in the enclosure is left uncovered, and the various plants are set closely, like the grasses and wild flowers of a meadow, the sand pinweed that we gather, together with sea lavender, for winter bouquets much resembling a flowering grass. A SEASIDE GARDEN 241 The rabbit-foot clover takes kindly to the sandy soil, and, as it flowers from late May well into September, and holds its little furry tails like autumn pussy-willows until freezing weather, makes a very interesting sort of bed all by itself, and massed close to it, as if rec- ognizing the family relationship, is the little creeping bush clover with its purplish flowers. Next, set thickly in a mass representing a stout bush, comes the fleshy beach pea with rosy purple flowers. When it straggles along according to its sweet will, it has a poor and weedy look, but massed so that the some- what difficult colour is concentrated, it is very decorative, and it serves as a trellis for the trailing wild bean, a sand lover that has a longer flowering season. A patch of a light lustrous purple, on closer view, proves to be a mass of the feathered spikes of blaz- ing star or colic-root, first cousin of the gay-feather of the West, that sometimes grows six feet high and has been welcomed to our gardens. On the opposite side of the beach-plum alley, the Bradfords have made preparations for autumn glory, such as we always drive down to the marsh lands from Oaklands not only to see but to gather and take home. Masses of the fleshy tufted seaside goldenrod, now just beginning to throw up its stout flowerstalks, flank a bed 242 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I of wild asters twenty feet across. Here are gathered all the asters that either love or will tolerate dry soil, a certain bid for their favour having been made by mixing several barrels of stiff loam with the top sand, as an encouragement until the roots find the hospitable mix- ture below. The late purple aster (patens) with its broad clasping leaves, the smooth aster (lavis) with its violet-blue flowers, are making good bushes and preparing for the pageant. Here is the stiff white-heath aster, the fa- miliar Michaelmas daisy, that is so completely covered with snowy flowers that the foliage is obliterated, and proves its hold upon the affections by its long string of names, — frostweed, white rosemary, and farewell summer being among them, — and also the white- wreath aster, with the flowers ranged garland- wise among the rigid leaves, and the stiff little savory-leaved aster or sand starwort with pale violet rays. Forming a broad, irregular border about the asters are stout dwarf bushes of the common wild rose (humilis), that bears its deep pink flowers in late spring and early summer and then wears large round hips that change slowly from green to deep glowing red, in time to make a frame of coral beads for the asters. Outside the hedge of bays, where a trodden pathway A SEASIDE GARDEN 243 leads to the boat landing, the weathered rocks, washed with soft tints blended of the breath of sea mist and sun- set rays, break through the sand. In the lee of these, held in place by a line of stones, is a long, low bed of large-flowered portulaca, borrowed from inland gar- dens, and yet so in keeping with its surroundings as to seem a native flower of sea sands. The fleshy leaves at a little distance suggest the form of many plants of brackish marsh and creek edges, and even the glasswort itself. When the day is gray, the flowers furl close and disappear, as it were, but when the sun beats full upon the sand, a myriad upraised fleshy little arms stretch out, each holding a coloured bowl to catch the sunbeams, as if the heat made molten the sand of quartz and turned it into pottery in tints of rose, yellow, amber, scarlet, and carnation striped. It was a bold experiment, this garden in the sand, but already it is making good. Then, too, what a refreshment to the eyes is it, when the unbroken expanse of sky and sea before the house tires, to turn them landward over the piece of flowers toward the cool green marshes ribboned with the pale pink camphor-scented fleabane, the almost intangible sea lavender, the great rose mallows and cat-tail flags of the wet ground, the false indigo that, in the distance, 244 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I reminds one of the broom of Scottish hills, the orange- fringed orchis, pink sabbatia, purple maritime gerardia, milkwort, the groundsel tree, that covers itself with feathers in autumn, until, far away beyond the upland meadows, the silver birches stand as outposts to the cool oak woods, in whose shade the splendid yellow gerardia, or downy false foxglove, flourishes. Truly, while the land garden excels in length of season and profusion, the gardens of the sea appeal to the lighter fancies and add the charmed spice of variety to out-of-door life. One of the most interesting features of this cottage and its surroundings is the further transplanting of Martin Cortright from his city haunts. At Meadow's End, though he works in the garden in a dilettante sort of way with Lavinia, takes long walks with father, and oc- casionally ventures out for a day's fishing with either or both of my men, he is still the bookworm who dives into his library upon every opportunity and has never yet adapted his spine comfortably to the curves of a hammock ! In short he seems to love flowers histori- cally — more for the sake of those in the past who have loved and written of them than for their own sake. But here, even as I began to write to you, Mary Pen- rose, entrenched in a nook among the steep rocks A SEASIDE GARDEN 245 between the cottage and the sea, a figure coming up the sand bar, that runs northward and at low water shows a smooth stretch a mile in length, caught my eye. Laboriously but persistently it came along; next I saw by the legs that it was a man, a moment later that he was lugging a large basket and that a potato fork pro- truded from under one arm, and finally that it was none other than Martin Cortright, who had been hoeing dili- gently in the sand and mud for a couple of hours, that his guests might have the most delectable of all suppers, — steamed clams, fresh from the water, the condition alone under which they may be eaten sans peur et sans reproche! xn THE TRANSPLANTING OF EVERGREENS (Mary Penrose to Barbara Campbell) Woodridge, August 8. Back again in our camp, we thought to pause awhile, rest on our oars, and drift comfortably with the gentle summer tide of things. We have transplanted all the ferns and wild herbs for which we have room, and as a matter of course trees and shrubs must wait until they have shed their leaves in October. That is, all the trees that do shed. The exceptions are the evergreens, of which the river woods contain any number in the shape of hemlocks, spruces, and young white pines, the offspring, I take it, of a plantation back of the Windom farm, for we have not found them anywhere else. The best authorities upon the subject of evergreens say that trees of small size should be transplanted either in April, before they have begun to put on their dressy spring plumes, or, if the season be not too hot and dry, or the distance considerable, in Au- gust, after this growth has matured, time thus being 246 TRANSPLANTING OF EVERGREENS 247 given for them to become settled in the ground before winter. We weighed the matter well. The pros in favour of spring planting lay in the fact that rain is very likely to be plentiful in April, and given but half a chance, everything grows best in spring; the cons being that the spring rush is usually overpowering, that in a late season the frost would not be fairly out of the knoll and ground by the fence, where we need a windbreak, before garden planting time, and that during the winter clearing that will take place in the river valley, leaf fires may be started by the workmen that will run up the banks and menace our treasure-trove of ever- greens. The pros for August consisted mainly of the pith of a proverb and a bit of mad Ophelia's sanity: "There is no time like the present" and "We know what we are, but know not what we may be!" At present we have a good horse, Larry, and plenty of time, the con being, suppose we have a dry, hot autumn. The fact that we have a new water- barrel on wheels and several long-necked water-pots is only a partial solution of the difficulty, for the nearest well is an old-fashioned arrangement with a sweep, located above the bank wall at Opal Farm. This well is an 248 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I extremely picturesque object in the landscape, but as a water-producer as inadequate as the shaving-mug with which the nervous gentleman, disturbed at his morning task, rushed out to aid in extinguishing a fire! Various predictions as to the weather for the month have been lavished upon us, the first week having produced but one passing shower. Amos Opie fore- sees a muggy, rainless period. Larry declares for much rain, as it rained at new moon and again at first quarter ; but, as he says, as if to release himself from respon- sibility, " That's the way we read it in Oireland, but maybe, as this is t'other side of the warld, it's all the other way round wid rain!" Barney was noncom- mittal, but then his temperament is of the kind that usually regrets whatever is. For three or four days we remained undecided, and then The Man from Everywhere brought about a swift decision for August transplanting, by the information that the general clearing of the woodlands would be- gin November first, the time for fulfilling the con- tract having been shortened by six months at the final settlement. We covet about fifty specimen pines and hemlocks for the knoll and fully two hundred little hemlocks TRANSPLANTING OF EVERGREENS 249 for the windbreaks, so we at once began the work and are giving two days a week to the digging and transporting and the other four to watering. That is, Bart and Larry are doing this ; I am looking on, making suggestions as to which side of a tree should be in front, nipping off broken twigs, and doing other equally light and pleasant trifles. Our system of transplanting is this: we have any number of old burlap feed bags, which, having become frayed and past their usefulness, we bought at the village store for a song. These Larry filled with the soft, elastic moss that florists use, of which there is any quantity in the low backwater meadows of the river. A good-sized tree (and we are not moving any of more than four or five feet in height ; larger ones, it seems, are better moved in early winter with a ball of frozen earth) has a bag to itself, the roots, with some earth, being enveloped in the moss, the bag as securely bound about them as possible with heavy cord, and the whole thing left to soak at the river edge while the next one is being wrapped. Of the small hemlocks for the windbreak, — and we are using none over two or three feet for this purpose, as we want to pinch them in and make them stocky, — the roots of three or four will often go into a bag. 250 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I When enough for a day's planting is thus col- lected, we go home, stack them in the shade, and the next morning the resetting begins ! The bags are not opened until they are by the hole in which the trees are to be placed, which, by the way, is always made and used after the directions you gave us for rose plant- ing; and I'm coming to agree with you that the suc- cess in gardening lies more than half in the putting under ground, and that the proper spreading and securing of roots in earth thoroughly loosened to allow new roots to feel and find their way is one of the secrets of what is usually termed "luck" ! This may sound like a very easy way of acquiring trees, but it sometimes takes an hour to loosen a sturdy pine of four feet. Of course a relentless hand that stops at nothing, with a grub-axe and spade, could do it in fifteen minutes, but the roots would be cut or bruised and the pulling and tugging be so violent that not a bit of earth would cleave, and thus the fatal drying process set in almost before the digging was completed. Larry first loosens the soil all about the tree with a crowbar, dislodging any binding surface stones in the meantime ; then the roots are followed to the end and secured entire when possible, a bit of detec- TRANSPLANTING OF EVERGREENS 251 tive work more difficult than it sounds in a bank where forest trees of old growth have knit roots with saplings for mutual protection. Setting-out day sees a procession of three water- carriers going Indian file up one side of the knoll and down the other. Bart declares that by the time his vacation is over he will be sufficiently trained to be- come captain of the local fire company, which con- sists of an antique engine, of about the capacity of one water-barrel, and a bucket brigade. This profuse use of water, upon the principle of imitation, has brought about another demand for it on the premises. The state of particularly clay-and- leaf-mouldy perspiration in which Bart finds himself these days cries aloud for a shower-bath, nor is he or his boots and clothing in a suitable condition for tramping through the house and turning the family bath-tub into a trough wherein one would think flower- pots had been washed. With the aid of Amos Opie an oil-barrel has been trussed up like a miniature windmill tank in the end of the camp barn, one end of which rests on the ground, and being cellarless has an earth floor. Around the supports of this tank is fastened an unbleached cotton curtain, and when standing within and pulling a cord 252 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I attached to an improvised spray, the contents of the barrel descend upon Bart's person with hygienic thoroughness, the only drawback being that twelve pails of water have to be carried up the short ladder that leads from floor to barrel top each time the shower is used. Bart, however, seems to enjoy the process immensely, and Larry, by the way in which he lingers about the place and grins, evidently has a secret de- sire to experiment with it himself. Larry has been a great comfort up to now, but we both have an undefined idea that one of his periods of "rest" is approaching. He works with feverish haste, alternating with times of sitting and looking at the ground, that I fear bodes no good. He also seems to take a diabolic pleasure in tormenting Amos Opie as regards the general make-up and pedigree of his beloved hound David. David has human intelligence in a setting that it would be difficult to classify for a dog-show ; a melan- choly bloodhound strain certainly percolates thor- oughly through him, and his long ears, dewlaps, and front legs, tending to bow, separate him from the fox "'ounds" of Larry's experience. To Amos Opie David is the only type of hound worthy of the name; consequently there has been no little language upon TRANSPLANTING OF EVERGREENS 253 the subject. That is, Larry has done the talking, punctuated by contemptuous "hubs" and sniffs from Amos, tf.itil day before yesterday. On this day David went on a hunting trip extending from five o'clock in the afternoon until the next morning, during which his voice, blending with two immature cries, told that he was ranging miles of country in company with a pair of thoroughbred fox-hound pups, owned by the post- master, the training of which Amos Opie was super- intending, and owing to an attack of rheumatism had delegated to David, whose reliability for this purpose could not be overestimated according to his master's way of thinking. For a place in some ways so near to civilization, the hills beyond the river woods abound in fox holes, and David has conducted some good runs on his own account, it seems ; but this time alack ! alack ! he came limping slowly home, footsore and bedraggled, followed by his pupils and bearing a huge dead cat of the half-wild tribe that, born in a barn and having no owner, takes to a prowling life in the woods. I cannot quite appreciate the enormity of the of- fence, but doubtless Dr. Russell and your husband can, as they live in a fox-hunting country. It seems that a rabbit would have been bad enough, something 254 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I however, to be condoned, — but not a cat ! Instantly Amos fixed upon Larry as the responsible cause of the calamity, — Larry, who is so soaked in a species of folk-lore, blended of tradition, imagination, and high spirits that, after hearing him talk, it is easy to believe that he deals in magic by the aid of a black cat, and unfortunately the cat brought in by David was of this colour ! Then Amos spoke, for David's honour was as his own, and Larry heard a pronounced Yankee's opinion, not only of all the inhabitants of the Emerald Isle, but of one in particular ! After freeing his mind, he threatened to free his house of Larry as a lodger, this being particularly unfortunate considering the near approach of one of that gentleman's times of retire- ment. Last night I thought the sky had again cleared, for Amos discovered that the postmaster did not suspect the cat episode, and as Larry had no friends in the village through which it might leak out, the old man seemed much relieved; also, Larry apparently is not a harbourer of grievances. Within an hour, however, a second episode has further strained the relationship of lodger and host, and it has snapped. Though still quite stiff in the joints, Amos came TRANSPLANTING OF EVERGREENS 255 over this morning to do some little tinkering in the barn camp, especially in strengthening the stays of the shower-bath tank, when, as he was on his knees fastening a brace to a post, in some inexplicable man- ner the string was pulled and the contents of the entire barrel of cold well-water were released, the first sprinkle so astonishing and bewildering poor Amos that he remained where he was, and so received a complete drenching. Bart and Larry were up in the woods getting the day's load of hemlocks, and I, hearing the spluttering and groans, went to Amos's rescue as well as I could, and together with Maria Maxwell got him to the kitchen, where hot tea and dry clothes should have completely revived him in spite of age. As, however, to-day, it seems, is the anniversary of a famous illness he acquired back in '64, on his return from the Civil War, the peculiarities of which he has not yet ceased proclaiming, he is evidently determined to celebrate it forthwith, so he has taken to his bed, groaning with a stitch in his side. The doctor has been telephoned, and Maria Maxwell, as usual bursting with energy, which on this occasion takes a form between that of a dutiful daughter and a genuine country neighbour, has gone over to Opal Farm to tidy up a bit until 256 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I the doctor gives his decision and some native woman, agreeable to Amos's taste, can be found to look after the interesting yet aggravating crank. But this is not all. Amos declines to allow Larry to lodge in the house for another night, attributing the ducking to him, in spite of the fact that he was at least six miles away. In this both Bart and I think Amos right, for Larry's eye had a most inquiring ex- pression on his return, and I detected him slipping into the old barn at the first opportunity to see if the tank was empty, while Bart says that he has been talking to himself in a gleeful mood all the morning, and so he has decided that, as Larry has worked long enough to justify it, he will buy him a prepaid passage home to his daughter and see him off personally by to-morrow's steamer. As Amos will have none of Larry, to send the man into village lodgings would prob- ably hasten his downfall. I did hope to keep him until autumn, for he has taught me not a little garden- ing in a genial and irresponsible sort of way, and the rose garden is laid out in a manner that would do credit to a trained man, Larry having the rare com- bination of seeing a straight line and yet being able to turn a graceful curve. But even if Amos had been willing to allow him to sleep over one of his attacks, TRANSPLANTING OF EVERGREENS 257 it would have been a dubious example for Barney, and in spite of the comfort he has been I now fully realize the limitations of so many of his race, at once witty, warm-hearted, soothing, and impossible; it is difficult not to believe what they say, even when you know they are lying, and this condition is equally demoralizing both to master and man. August ii. Anastasia wept behind her apron when Larry left, but Barney assumed a cheerfulness and interest in his work that he has never shown before. Bart says that in spite of a discrepancy of twenty-odd years he thinks that Larry, by his fund of stories and really wonderful jig dancing, was diverting Anastasia's thoughts, and the comfortable savings attached, from Barney, who, though doubtless a sober man and far more durable in many ways, is much less interesting an object for the daily contemplation of an emotional Irishwoman. While Bart was in town yesterday seeing Larry started on his journey, Maria and I, with the Infant tucked between in the buggy, went for an outing under the gentle guidance of Romeo, who through constant practice has become the most expert standing horse in the county. I'm only afraid that his owners on their return may not appreciate this accomplish- 258 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I ment. Being on what Maria calls "a hunt for an- tiques," we drove in the direction of Newham village, which you know is away from railroads and has any number of old-time farms. We were not looking for spinning-wheels and andirons, but old-fashioned roses and peonies, especially the early double deep crimson variety that looks like a great Jack rose. We located a number of these in June and promised to return for our plunder in due season. Last year I bought some peony roots in August, and they throve so well, blooming this spring, that I think it is the best time for moving them. In one of the houses where we bought pink-and- white peonies the woman said she had a bed, as big as the barn-door, of "June" lilies, and that, as they were going to build a hen-house next autumn on the spot where they grew, she was going to lift some into one of her raised mounds (an awful construction, being a cross between a gigantic dirt pie and a grave), and said that I might have all the spare lily bulbs that I wanted if I would give her what she termed a " hatching" of gladiolus bulbs. Just at present the lilies have entirely disappeared, and nothing but bare earth is visible, but I think from the description that they must be the lovely Madonna lilies of grandmother's Virginia garden that TRANSPLANTING OF EVERGREENS 259 made a procession from the tea-house quite down to the rose garden, like a bevy of slender young girls in confirmation tirray. If so, they do not take kindly to handling, and I have an indistinct remembrance of some rather unusual time of year when it must be done if necessary. Please let me know about this, for I can be of little use in the moving of the evergreens and I want some- thing to potter about in the garden. There are two places for a lily bed, but I am uncertain which is best until I hear from you. Either will have to be thor- oughly renovated hi the matter of soil, so that I am anxious to start upon the right basis. One of these spots is in full sun, with a slope toward the orchard ; in the other the sun is cut off after one o'clock, though there are no overhanging branches ; there is also a third place, a squashy spot down in the bend of the old wall. On our return, toward evening, we met The Man from Everywhere driving down from the reservoir ground toward Opal Farm, a pink- cheeked young fellow of about twenty sharing the road wagon with him. As he has again been away for a few days, we drew up to exchange greetings and The Man said, rather aside, "I'm almost sorry that Larry fell from the skies to help out your gardening, for here is a young German 260 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I who has come from a distance, with a note from a man I know well, applying for work at the quarry; but there will be nothing suitable for him there for several months, for he's rather above the average. He would have done very well for you, as, though he speaks little English, I make out that his father was an under- forester in the fatherland. As it is, I'm taking him to the farm with me for the night and will try to think of how I may help him on in the morning." Instantly both Maria and I began to tell of Larry's defection in different keys, the young man meanwhile keeping up a deferential and most astonishing bowing and smiling. Having secured the seal of Bart's approval, Meyer has been engaged, and after to-day we must accustom our ears to a change from Larry's rich brogue to the juicy explosiveness of German; and worse yet, I must rack my brains for the mostly forgotten dialect of the schoolroom language that is learned with such pain and so quickly forgotten. I'm wondering very much about The Man's sudden return to Opal Farm and if it will interfere with Maria Maxwell's daily care of Amos Opie ; for, as it turns out, he is really ill, the chill resulting from Larry's TRANSPLANTING OF EVERGREENS 261 prank having been the final straw, and no suitable woman having been found, who has volunteered to tend the old man in the emergency, but Maria ! That is, to the extent of taking him food and giving him medicines, for though in pain he is able to sit in an easy- chair. Maria certainly is capable, but so stupid about The Man. However, as the farm-house is now arranged as two dwellings, with the connecting door opening in the back hall and usually kept locked on Amos's side, she cannot possibly feel that she is putting herself hi The Man's way ! XIII LILIES AND THEIR WHIMS (Barbara Campbell to Mary Penrose) Oaklands, August 18. As a suitable text for this chronicle, as well as an unanswerable argument for its carrying out, combined with a sort of premium, I'm sending you to-day, freight paid, a barrel of lily- of-the-valley roots, all vigorous and with many next year's flowering pips attached. No, — I hear your decorous protest, — I have not robbed myself, neither am I giving up the growing of this most exquisite of spring flowers, whose fragrance penetrates the innermost fastnesses of the memory, yet is never obtrusive. Simply my long border was full to overflowing and last season some of the lily bells were growing smaller. When this happens, as it does every half a dozen years, I dig two eight- inch trenches down the bed's entire length, and taking out the matted roots, fill the gap with rich soil, adding the plants thus dispossessed to my purse of garden wampum, which this time falls into your lap entire. 262 LILIES AND THEIR WHIMS 263 Of the treatment of the little flower, that is erroneously supposed to feast only upon leaf-mould in the deep shade, you shall hear later. By all means begin your lily bed now, for the one season at which the Madonna lily resents removal the least is during the August resting time. Then, if you lift her gently while she sleeps, do not let the cool earth breath that surrounds her dry away, and bed her suitably, she will awaken and in a month put forth a leafy crown of promise to be fulfilled next June. Madonna does not like the shifting and lift- ing that falls to the lot of so many garden bulbs owing to the modern requirements that make a single flower bed often a thing of three seasonal changes. Many bulbs, many moods and whims. Hyacinths and early tulips blossom their best the first spring after their autumn planting (always supposing that the bob- tailed meadow-mice, who travel in the mole tunnels, thereby giving them a bad reputation, have not feasted on the tender heart buds in the interval). The auratum lily of the gorgeous gold- banded and ruby-studded flower exults smilingly for a season or two and then degenerates sadly. Madonna, if she be healthy on her coming, and is given healthy soil free from hot taint of manure, will 264 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I live with you for years and love you and give you every season increasing yield of silver-white-crowned stalks, at the very time that you need them to blend with your royal blue delphiniums. But this will be only if you obey the warning of "hands and spade off." The three species of the well-known recurved Japan lily — speciosum roseum, s. rubrum, and s. album — have the same love of permanence ; likewise the lily- of-the-valley and all the tribe of border narcissi and daffodils ; so if you wish to keep them at their best, you must not only give them bits of ground all of their own, but study their individual needs and idiosyn- crasies. Lilies as a comprehensive term, — the Biblical grass of the field, — as far as concerns a novice or the Garden, You, and I, may be made to cover the typical lilies themselves, tulips, narcissi (which are of the amaryllis flock), and lilies-of-the-valley, a tribe by itself. You will wish to include all of them in your garden, but you must limit yourself to the least whim- sical varieties on account of your purse, the labor entailed, and the climate. Of the pieces of ground that you describe, take that in partial shade for your Madonna lilies and their kin, and that hi the open sun for your lilies-of-the- LILIES AND THEIR WHIMS 265 valley, while I would keep an earth border free from silver birches, on the sunny side of your tumble-down stone- wall rockery, for late tulips and narcissi; and grape hyacinths, scillas, trilliums, the various Solo- mon's seals, bellworts, etc., can be introduced in earth pockets between the rocks if, in case of the deeper-rooted kinds, connection be had with the earth below. It is much more satisfactory to plant spring bulbs in this way, — in groups, or irregular lines and masses, where they may bloom according to their own sweet will, and when they vanish for the summer rest, scat- ter a little portulaca or sweet alyssum seed upon the soil to prevent too great bareness, — than to set them in formal beds, from which they must either be removed when their blooming time is past, or else one runs the risk of spoiling them by planting deep-rooted plants among them. The piece of sunny ground in the angled dip of the old wall, which you call "decidedly squashy," inter- ests me greatly, for it seems the very place for Iris of the Japanese type, — lilies that are not lilies in the exact sense, except by virtue of being built on the rule of three and having grasslike or parallel- veined leaves. But these closely allied plant families and their differ- 266 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I ences are a complex subject that we need not discuss, the whole matter being something akin to one of the dear old Punch stories that adorn Evan's patriotic scrap-book. A railway porter, puzzled as in what class of freight an immense tortoise shall be placed, as dogs are the only recognized standard, pauses, gazing at it as he scratches his head, and mutters, "Cats is dogs and rabbits is dogs, but this 'ere hanimal's a hin- sect!" The Iris may be, in this respect, a "hinsect," but we will reckon it in with the lilies. The culture of this Japan Iris is very simple and well worth while, for the species comes into bloom in late June and early July, when the German and other kinds are through. I should dig the wet soil from the spot of which you speak, for all muck is not good for this Iris, and after mixing it with some good loam and well- rotted cow manure replace it and plant the clumps of Iris two feet apart, for they will spread wonderfully. In late autumn they should have a top dressing of manure and a covering of corn stalks, but, mind, water must not stand on your Iris bed in win- ter; treating them as hardy plants does not war- rant their being plunged into water ice. It is almost impossible, however, to give them too much water in LILIES AND THEIR WHIMS 267 June and July, when the great flowers of rainbow hues, spreading to a size that covers two open hands, cry for drink to sustain the exhaustion of their mar- vellous growth. So if your "squashy spot" is made so by spring rains, all is well ; if not, it must be drained in some easy way, like running a length of clay pipe beneath, so that the overplus of water will flow off when the Iris growth cannot absorb it. Ah me ! the very mention of this flower calls up endless visions of beauty. Iris — the flower of my- thology, history, and one might almost say science as well, since its outline points to the north on the face of the mariner's compass; the flower that in the dawn of recorded beauty antedates the rose, the frag- ments of the scattered rainbow of creation that rests upon the garden, not for a single hour or day or week, but for a long season. The early bulbous Iris his- triodes begins the season in March, and the Persian Iris follows in April. In May comes the sturdy Ger- man Iris of old gardens, of few species but every one worthy, and to be relied upon in mass of bloom and sturdy leafage to rival even the peony in decorative effect. Next the meadows are ribboned by our own blue flags; and the English Iris follows and in June and July meets the sumptuous Iris of Japan at its 268 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I blooming season, for there seems to be no country so poor as to be without an Iris. There are joyous flowers of gold and royal blue, the Flower de Luce (Flower of Louis) of regal France, and sombre flowers draped in deep green and black and dusky purple, "The widow" (Iris tuberosa) and the Chalcedonian Iris (Iris Susiana), taking its name from the Persian Susa. Iris Florentina by its powdered root yields the delicate violet perfume orris, a corrup- tion doubtless of Iris. Many forms of root as well as blossom has the Iris, tuberous, bulbous, fibrous, and if the rose may have a garden to itself, why may not the Iris in combina- tion with its sister lilies have one also? And when my eyes rest upon a bed of these flowers or upon a single blossom, I long to be a poet. ***** * * Now to begin : will your shady place yield you a bed four feet in width by at least twenty in length? If so, set Barney to work with pick and spade. The top, I take it, is old turf not good enough to use 'for edging, so after removing this have it broken into bits and put in a heap by itself. When the earth beneath is loosened, examine it carefully. If it is good old mellow loam without the pale yellow colour LILIES AND THEIR WHIMS 269 that denotes the sterile, undigested soil unworked by roots or earthworms, have it taken out to eighteen inches in deptn and shovelled to one side. When the bad soil is reached, which will be soon, have it removed so that the pit will be three feet below the level. Next, let Barney collect any old broken bits of flower-pots, cobbles, or small stones of any kind, and fill up the hole for a foot, and let the broken turf come on top of this. If possible, beg or buy of Amos Opie a couple of good loads of the soil from the meadow bottom where the red bell-lilies grow, and mix this with the good loam, together with a scattering of bone, before replacing it. The bed should not only be full, but well rounded. Grade it nicely with a rake and wait a week or until rain has settled it before plant- ing. When setting these lilies, let there be six inches of soil above the bulb, and sprinkle the hole into which it goes with fresh-water sand mixed with powdered sulphur. This bed will be quite large enough for a beginning and will allow you four rows of twenty bulbs in a row, with room for them to spread naturally into a close mass, if so desired. Or better yet, do not put them in stiff rows, but in groups, alternating the early-flowering with the late varieties. A row of German Iris at the 270 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I back of this bed will give solidity and the sturdy foliage make an excellent windbreak in the blooming season. If your friendly woman in the back country will give you two dozen of the Madonna lily bulbs, group them in fours, leaving a short stake in the middle of each group that you may know its exact location, for the other lilies you cannot obtain before October, unless you chance to find them in the garden of some near-by florist or friend. These are — Lilium speciosum album — white recurved. Lilium speciosum rubrum — spotted with ruby- red. Lilium speciosum roseum — spotted with rose-pink. All three flower in August and September, rubrum being the latest, and barring accidents increase in size and beauty with each year. In spite of the fact of their fickleness, I would buy a dozen or two of the auratum lilies, for even if they last but for a single year, they are so splendid that we can almost afford to treat them as a fleeting spectacle. As the speciosum lilies (I wish some one would give them a more gracious name — we call them curved- shell lilies here among ourselves) do not finish flower- ing sometimes until late in September, the bulbs are not ripe in time to be sold through the stores, until there is danger of the ground being frozen at night. SPECIOSUM LILIES IN THE SHADE. LILIES AND THEIR WHIMS 271 On the other hand, if purchased in spring, unless the bulbs have been wintered with the greatest care in damp, not wet, peat moss, or sand, they become so withered that their vitality is seriously impaired. There are several dealers who make a specialty of thus wintering lily bulbs,1 and if you buy from one of these, I advise spring planting. If, however, for any reason you wish to finish your bed this fall, after planting and covering each bulb, press a four or five inch flower-pot lightly into the soil above it. This will act as a partial watershed to keep the drip of rain or snow water from settling in the crown of the bulb and decaying the bud. Or if you have plenty of old boards about the place, they may be put on the bed and slightly raised in the centre, like a pitched roof, so as to form a more complete water- shed, and the winter covering of leaves, salt, hay, or litter, free of manure, can be built upon this. Cro- cuses, snowdrops, and scillas make a charming border for a lily bed and may be also put between the lilies themselves to lend colour early in the season. To cover your bed thoroughly, so that it will keep out cold and damp and not shut it in, is a must be of successful lily culture. Have you ever tried to grow 1 F. H. Horsford of Charlotte, Vt, is very reliable in this matter. 272 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I our hardiest native lilies like the red-wood, Turk's cap, and Canada bell-lily in an open border where the porous earth, rilled by ice crystal, was raised by the frost to the consistency of bread sponge? I did this not many years ago and the poor dears looked pinched and woebegone and wholly unlike their sturdy sisters of meadow and upland wood edges. Afterward, in trying to dig some of these lilies from their native soil, I discovered why they were uncom- fortable in the open borders ; the Garden, You, and I would have to work mighty hard to find a winter blanket for the lily bed to match the turf of wild grasses sometimes half a century old. Many other beautiful and possible lilies there are besides these four, but these are to be taken as first steps in lily lore, as it were ; for to make anything like a general collection of this flower is a matter of more serious expense and difficulty than to collect roses, owing to the frailness of the material and the different climatic conditions under which the rarer species, especially those from India and the sea islands, origi- nated ; but given anything Japanese and a certain cos- mopolitan intelligence seems bred in it that carries a reasonable hope of success under new conditions. We have half a dozen species of beautiful native LILIES AND THEIR WHIMS 273 lilies, but like some of our most exquisite ferns they depend much for their attractiveness upon the set- ting their natural haunts offer, and I do not like to see them caged, as it were, within strict garden boundaries. The red wood-lily should be met among the great brakes of a sandy wood edge, where white leafless wands of its cousin, star-grass, or colic root, wave above it, and the tall late meadow-rue and white an- gelica fringe the background. The Canada bell-lily needs the setting of meadow grasses to veil its long, stiff stalks, while the Turk's-cap lily seems the most at home of all in garden surround- ings, but it only gains its greatest size in the deep meadows, where, without being wet, there is a certain moisture beneath the deep old turf, and this turf itself not only keeps out frost, but moderates the sun's rays in their transit to the ground. Two lilies there are that, escaping from gardens, in many places have become half wild — the brick- red, black- spotted tiger lily with recurved flowerets, after the shape of the Japanese roseum, rubrum, and album, being also a native of Japan and China, and the tawny orange day lily, that is found in masses about old cellars and waysides, with its tubular flowers, 274 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I held on leafless stems, springing from a matted bed of leaves. This day lily (hemerocallis fulva) is sister to the familiar and showy lemon lily of old gardens (hemerocallis flava). If you have plenty of room by your wall, I should lodge a few good bunches by it when you find some in a location where digging is possible. It is a decorative flower, but hardly worthy of good garden soil. The same may be said of the tiger lily, on account of the very inharmonious shade of red it wears ; yet if you have a half- wild nook, some- where that a dozen bulbs of it may be tucked in com- pany with a bunch of the common tall white phlox that flowers at the same time, you will have a bit of colour that will care for itself. The lemon lily should have a place in the hardy border well toward the front row and be given enough room to spread into a comfortable circle after the manner of the white plantain lily (Funkia subcordatd). This last lily, another of Japan's contributions to the hardy garden, blooms from August until frost and unlike most of the lily tribe is pleased if well-rotted manure is deeply dug into its resting-place. As with humanity the high and lowly born are sub- ject to the same diseases, so is it with the lily tribe, and because you choose the sturdiest and consequently LILIES AND THEIR WHIMS 275 least expensive species for your garden, do not think that you may relax your vigilance. There is a form of fungous mould that attacks the bulbs of lilies without rhyme or reason and is the in- sidious tuberculosis of the race. Botrytis cinerea is its name and it seizes upon stalk and leaves in the form of spots that are at first yellow and then deepen in colour, until finally, having sapped the vitality of the plant, it succumbs. Cold, damp, insufficient protection hi winter, all serve to render the lily liable to its attacks, but the general opinion among the wise is that the universal overstimulation of lilies by fertilizers during late years, especially of the white lilies used for church and other decorative purposes, has undermined the racial constitution and made it prone to attacks of the enemy. Therefore, if you please, Mary Penrose, sweet soil, sulphur, sand, and good winter covering, if you would not have your lily bed a consumptives' hospital ! Some lilies are also susceptible to sunstroke. When growing hi the full light and heat of the sun, and the buds are ready to open, suddenly the flowers, leaves, and entire stalk will wither, as when in spring a tulip collapses and we find that a meadow-mouse has nipped 276 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I it in the core. But with the lily the blight comes from above, and the only remedy is to plant in half shade. On the other hand the whims of the flower require that this be done carefully, for if the scorching sun is an evil, a soaking, sopping rain, coming at the height of the blooming season and dripping from over- hanging boughs, is equally so. The gold-and-copper pollen turns to rusty tears that mar the petals of satin ivory or inlaid enamel, and a sickly transparency that bodes death comes to the crisp, translucent flower ! "What a pother for a bed of flowers!" I hear you say, "draining, subsoiling, sulphuring, sanding, cov- ering, humouring, and then sunstroke or consump- tion at the end!" So be it, but when success does come, it is something worth while, for to be success- ful with these lilies is "aiming the star" in garden experience. The plantain lilies and hemerocallis seem free from all of these whims and diseases, but it is when we come to the lily-of-the-valley that we have the compen- sation for our tribulations with the royal lilies of pure blood. The lily-of-the-valley asks deep, very rich soil in the open sun; if a wall or hedge protects it from the north, so much the better. I do not know why people LILIES AND THEIR WHIMS 277 preach dense shade for this flower; possibly because they prefer leaves to flowers, or else that they are of the sheeplike followers of tradition instead of prac- tical gardeners of personal experience. One thing grows to perfection in the garden of this commuter's wife, and that is lilies-of-the-valley, and shade knows them not between eight in the morning and five at night, and we pick and pick steadily for two weeks, for as the main bed gives out, there are strips here and there in cooler locations that retard the early growth, but never any overhanging branches. In starting a wholly new bed, as you are doing, it is best to separate the tangled roots into small bunches, seeing to it that a few buds or, "pips" remain with each, and plant in long rows a foot apart, three rows to a four-foot bed. Be sure to bury a well-tarred plank a foot in width edgewise at the outer side of the bed, unless you wish, in a couple of years' time, to have this enterprising flower walk out and about the surrounding garden and take it for its own. Be sure to press the roots in thoroughly and cover with three inches of soil. In December cover the bed with rotten cow manure for several inches and rake off the coarser part in April, taking care not to break the pointed "pips" that will 278 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I be starting, and you will have a forest of cool green leaves and such flowers as it takes much money to buy. Not the first season, of course, but after that — forever, if you thin out and fertilize properly. In the back part of your lily-of-the-valley bed plant two or three rows of the lovely poets' narcissus (poeti- cus). It opens its white flowers of the "pheasant's eye" cup at the same time as the lilies bloom, it grows sufficiently tall to make a good upward gradation, and it likes to be let severely alone. But do not for- get in covering in the fall to put leaves over the narcissi instead of manure. Of other daffodils and narcissi that I have found very satisfactory, besides the good mixtures offered by reliable houses at only a dollar or a dollar and a quarter a hundred (the poets' nar- cissi only costing eighty cents a hundred for good bulbs), are Trumpet Major, Incomparabilis, the old- fashioned "daffy," and the monster yellow trumpet narcissus, Van Sion. The polyanthus narcissi, carrying their many flowers in heads at the top of the stalk, are what is termed half hardy and they are more frequently seen in flo- rists' windows than in gardens. I have found them hardy if planted in a sheltered spot, covered with slanted boards and leaves, which should not be removed THE POET'S NARCISSUS. LILIES AND THEIR WHIMS 279 before April, as the spring rain and winds, I am con- vinced, do more to kill the species than winter cold. The flowers are heavily fragrant, like gardenias, and are almost too sweet for the house ; but they, together with violets, give the garden the opulence of odour before the lilacs are open, or the heliotropes that are to be perfumers-in-chief in summer have graduated from thumb pots in the forcing houses. Unless one has a large garden and a gardener who can plant and tend parterres of spring colour, I do not set much value upon outdoor hyacinths; they must be lifted each year and often replaced, as the large bulbs soon divide into several smaller ones with the flowers proportionately diminished. To me their mission is, to be grown in pots, shallow pans, or glasses on the window ledge, for winter and spring comfort- ers, and I use the early tulips much in the same way, except for a cheerful line of them, planted about the foundation of the house, that when in bloom seems lit- erally to lift home upon the spring wings of resurrection ! All my tulip enthusiasm is centred in the late varieties, and chief among these come the fascinating and fantastic "parrots." When next I have my garden savings-bank well filled, I am going to make a collection of these tulips 28o THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I and guard them in a bed underlaid with stout -meshed wire netting, so that no mole may leave a tunnel for the wicked tulip-eating meadow-mouse. It is these late May-flowering tulips of long stalks, like wands of tall perennials, that you can gather in your arms and arrange in your largest jars with a sense at once combined of luxury and artistic joy. Better begin as I did by buying them in mixture; the species you must choose are the bizarre, bybloems, parrots, breeders, Darwin tulips, and the rose and white, together with a general mixture of late singles. Five dollars will buy you fifty of each of the seven kinds, three hundred and fifty bulbs all told and enough for a fine display. The Darwin tulips yield beautiful shades of violet, carmine, scarlet, and brown; the bizarres, many curious effects in stripes and flakes; the rose and white, delicate frettings and margins of pink on a white ground ; but the parrots have petals fringed, twisted, beaked, poised curiously upon the stalks, splashed with reds, yellows, and green, and to come suddenly upon a mass of them in the garden is to think for a brief moment that a group of unknown birds blown from the tropics in a forced migration have alighted for rest upon the bending tulip stalks. XIV FRAGRANT FLOWERS AND LEAVES (Mary Penrose to Barbara Campbell) Woodridge, August 26. The heliotrope is in the perfection of bloom and seems to draw perfume from the intense heat of the August days only to release it again as the sun sets, while as long as daylight lasts butterflies of all sizes, shapes, and colours are flutter- ing about the flowers until the bed is like the transfor- mation scene of a veritable dance of fairies ! Possibly you did not know that I have a heliotrope bed planted at the very last moment. I had never before seen a great mass of heliotrope growing all by itself until I visited your garden, and ever since I have wondered why more people have not discov- ered it. I think that I wrote you anent hens that the ancient fowl-house of the place had been at the point where there was a gap in the old wall below the knoll, and that the wind swept up through it from the river, across the Opal Farm meadows, and into the windows of the dining room ? The most impossible 281 282 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I place for a fowl-house, but exactly the location, as The Man from Everywhere suggested, for a bed of sweet odours. I expected to do nothing with it this season until one day Larry, the departed, in a desire to use some of the domestic guano with which the rough cellar of the old building was filled, carted away part of it, and supplying its place with loam, dug over and straightened out the irregular space, which is quite six feet wide by thirty long. The same day, on going to a near-by florist's for celery plants, I found that he had a quantity of little heliotropes in excess of his needs, that had remained unpotted hi the sand of the cutting house, where they had spindled into sickly-looking weeds. In a mo- ment of the horticultural gambling that will seize one, I offered him a dollar for the lot, which he accepted readily, for it was the last of June and the poor things would probably have been thrown out in a day or two. I took them home and spent a whole morning in separating and cutting off the spindling tops to an even length of six inches. Literally there seemed to be no end to the plants, and when I counted them I found that I had nearly a hundred and fifty heliotropes, FRAGRANT FLOWERS AND LEAVES 283 which, after rejecting the absolutely hopeless, gave me six rows for the bed. For several weeks my speculation in heliotropes was a subject of much mirth between Bart and my- self, and the place was anything but a bed of sweet odours ! The poor things lost the few leaves they had possessed and really looked as if they had been haunted by the ghosts of all the departed chickens that had gone from the fowl-house to the block. Then we had some wet weather, followed by growing summer heat, and I did not visit the bed for perhaps a week or more, when I rubbed my eyes and pinched myself ; for it was completely covered with a mass of vigorous green, riotous in its profusion, here and there showing flower buds, and ever since it is one of the places to which I go to feast my eyes and nose when in need of garden encouragement! Another year I shall plant the heliotrope in one of the short cross-walk borders of the old garden, where we may also see it from the dining room, and use the larger bed for the more hardy sweet things, as I shall prob- ably never be able to buy so many heliotrope plants again for so little money. Now also I have a definite plan for a large border of fragrant flowers and leaves. I have been on a 284 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I journey, and, having spent three whole days from home, I am able for once to tell you something instead of endlessly stringing questions together. We also have been to the Cortrights' at Gray Rocks, and through a whiff of salt air, a touch of friendly hands, much conversation, and a drive to Coningsby (a village back from the shore peopled by the de- scendants of seafarers who, having a little property, have turned mildly to farming), we have received fresh inspiration. You did not overestimate the originality of the Cortrights' seaside garden, and even after your intimate description, it contained several surprises in the shape of masses of the milkweeds that flourish in sandy soil, especially the dull pink, and the orange, about which the brick-red monarch butterflies were hover- ing in great flocks. Neither did you tell me of the thistles that flank the bayberry hedge. I never real- ized what a thing of beauty a thistle might be when encouraged and allowed room to develop. Some of the plants of the common deep purple thistle, that one associates with the stunted growths of dusty roadsides, stood full five feet high, each bush as clear cut and erect as a candelabrum of fine metal work, while another group was composed of a pale yellow FRAGRANT FLOWERS AND LEAVES 285 species with a tinge of pink in the centre set in very handsome silvery leaves. I had never before seen these yellow thistles, but Lavinia Cortright says that they are very plentiful in the dry ground back of the marshes, where the sand has been carried in drifts both by wind and tide. The table and house decorations the day that we arrived were of thistles blended with the deep yellow blossoms of the downy false foxglove or Gerardia and the yellow false indigo that looks at a short dis- tance like a dwarf bush pea. We drove to Coningsby, as I supposed to see some gay little gardens, fantastic to the verge of awfulness, that had caught Aunt Lavinia's eye. In one the earth for the chief bed was contained in a surf-boat that had become unseaworthy from age, and not only was it rilled to the brim, but vines of every description trailed over the sides. A neighbour opposite, probably a garden rival of the owner of the boat but lacking aquatic furniture, had utilized a single-seated cutter which, painted blue of the unmerciful shade that fights with everything it approaches, was set on an especially green bit of side lawn, surrounded by a heavy row of conch shells, and the box into which the seat had been turned, as 286 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I well as the bottom of the sleigh itself, was filled with a jumble of magenta petunias and flame- coloured nasturtiums. After we had passed down a village street a quarter of a mile long, bordered on either side by floral com- binations of this description, the sight began to pall, and I wondered how it was possible that any flowers well watered and cared for could produce such a feel- ing of positive aversion as well as eye- strained fatigue; also, if this was all that the Cortrights had driven us many miles to see, when it was so much more in- teresting to lounge on either of the porches of their own cottage, the one commanding the sea and the other the sand garden, the low dunes, and the marsh meadows. "It is only half a mile farther on," said Aunt La- vinia, quick to feel that we were becoming bored, with- out our having apparently given any sign to that effect. "It! What is it?" asked Bart, while I, without shame it is confessed, having a ravenous appetite, through outdoor living, hoped that it was some quaint and neat little inn that "refreshed travellers," as it was expressed in old-time wording. "How singular!" ejaculated Aunt Lavinia; "I thought I told you last night when we were in the FRAGRANT FLOWERS AND LEAVES 287 garden — well, it must have been in a dream instead. // is the garden of Mrs. Marchant, wholly of fragrant things ; it is on the little cross-road, beyond that strip of woods up there," and she waved toward a slight rise in the land that was regarded as a hill of consid- erable importance in this flat country. "It does not contain merely a single bed of sweet odours like Barbara's and mine, but is a garden an acre in extent, where everything admitted has fra- grance, either in flower or leaf. We chanced upon it quite by accident, Martin and I, when driving ourselves down from Oaklands, across country, as it were, to Gray Rocks, by keeping to shady lanes, byways, and pent roads, where it was often necessary to take down bars and sometimes verge on trespassing by going through farmyards in order to continue our way. "After traversing a wood road of unusual beauty, where everything broken and unsightly had been carefully removed that ferns and wild shrubs might have full chance of life, we came suddenly upon a white picket gate covered by an arched trellis, beyond which in the vista could be seen a modest house of the real colonial time, set in the midst of a garden. "At once we realized the fact that the lane was also 288 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I a part of the garden in that it was evidently the daily walk of some one who loved nature, and we looked about for a way of retracing our steps. At the same moment two female figures approached the gate from the other side. At the distance at which we were I could only see that one was tall and slender, was dressed all in pure white, and crowned by a mass of hair to match, while the other woman was short and stocky, and the way in which she opened the gate and held it back told that whatever her age might be she was an attendant, though probably an intimate one. "In another moment they discovered us, and as Martin alighted from the vehicle to apologize for our intrusion the tall figure immediately retreated to the garden, so quickly and without apparent motion that we were both startled, for the way of moving is pecul- iar to those whose feet do not really tread the earth after the manner of their fellows; and before we had quite recovered ourselves the stout woman had ad- vanced and we saw by the pleasant smile her round face wore that she was not aggrieved at the intrusion but seemed pleased to meet human beings in that out-of-the-way place rather than rabbits, many of which had scampered away as we came down the lane. FRAGRANT FLOWERS AND LEAVES 289 "Martin explained our dilemma and asked if we might gain the highway without retracing our steps. The woman hesitated a moment, and then said, ' If you come through the gate and turn sharp to the right, you can go out across the apple orchard by taking down a single set of bars, only you'll have to lead your horse, sir, for the trees are set thick and are heavy laden. I'd let you cross the bit of grass to the drive by the back gate yonder but that it would grieve Mrs. Marchant to see the turf so much as pressed with a wheel; she'd feel and know it somehow, even if she didn't see it.' "'Mrs. Marchant! Not Mrs. Chester Marchant?' cried Martin, while the far-away echo of something recalled by the name troubled the ears of my memory. " ' Yes, sir, the very same ! Did you know Dr. Mar- chant, sir ? The minute I laid eyes on you two I thought you were of her kind!' replied the woman, pointing backward over her shoulder and settling herself against the shaft and side of Brown Tom, the horse, as if expecting and making ready for a comfortable chat. "As she stood thus I could take a full look at her without intrusiveness. Apparently well over sixty years old, and her face lines telling of many troubles, 290 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I yet she had not a gray hair in her head and her poise was of an independent landowner rather than an occupier of another's home. I also saw at a glance that whatever her present position might be, she had not been born in service, but was probably a native of local importance, who, for some reason perfectly satisfactory to herself, was 'accommodating.' '"Dr. Marchant, Dr. Russell, and I were college mates,' said Martin, briefly, 'and after he and his son died so suddenly I was told that his widow was men- tally ill and that none could see her, and later that she had died, or else the wording was so that I inferred as much,' and the very recollection seemed to set Mar- tin dreaming. And I did not wonder, for there had never been a more brilliant and devoted couple than Abbie and Chester Marchant, and I still remember the shock of it when word came that both father and son had been killed by the same runaway accident, though it was nearly twenty years ago. '"She was ill, sir, was Mrs. Marchant; too ill to see anybody. For a long time she wouldn't believe that the accident had happened, and when she really sensed it, she was as good as dead for nigh five years. One day some of her people came to me — 'twas the year after my own husband died — and asked FRAGRANT FLOWERS AND LEAVES 291 if I would take a lady and her nurse here to live with me for the summer. They told me of her sickness and how she was always talking of some cottage in a garden of sweet-smelling flowers where she had lived one happy summer with her husband and her boy, and they placed the house as mine. "'Her folks said the doctors thought if she could get back here for a time that it might help her. Then I recollected that ten years before, when I went up to Maine to visit my sister, I'd rented the place, just as it stood, to folks of the name of Marchant, a fine couple that didn't look beyond each other unless 'twas at their son. In past times my grandmother had an old- country knack of raising healing herbs and all sorts of sweet-smelling things, along with farm truck, so that folks came from all about to buy them and doctors too, for such things weren't sold so much in shops in those days as they are now, and so this place came to be called the Herb Farm. After that it was sold off, little by little, until the garden, wood lane, and orchard is about all that's left. " 'I was lonesome and liked the idea of company, and besides I was none too well fixed ; yet I dreaded a mournful widow that wasn't all there anyway, accord- ing to what they said, but I thought I'd try. Well, 292 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I sir, she come, and that first week I thought I'd never stand it, she talked and wrung her hands so continual. But one day what do you think happened ? I chanced to pick a nosegay, not so much fine flowers perhaps as good-smelling leaves and twigs, and put it in a little pitcher in her room. '"It was like witchcraft the way it worked; the smell of those things seemed to creep over her like some drugs might and she changed. She stopped moaning and went out into the garden and touched all the posies with her fingers, as if she was shaking hands, and all of a sudden it seemed, by her talk, as if her dead were back with her again ; and on every other point she's been as clear and ladylike as pos- sible ever since, and from that day she cast off her black clothes as if wearing 'em was all through a mistake. "'The doctors say it's something to do with the 'sociation of smells, for that season they spent in my cottage was the only vacation Dr. Marchant had taken in years, and they say it was the happiest time in her life, fussing about among my old-fashioned posies with him; and somehow in her mind he's got fixed there among those posies, and every year she plants more and more of them, and what friends of hers she FRAGRANT FLOWERS AND LEAVES 293 ever speaks of she remembers by some flowers they wore or liked. "'Well, as it turned out, her trustees have bought my place out and fixed it over, and here we live together, I may say, both fairly content! " ' Come in and see her, won't you ? It'll do no harm. Cortright, did you say your name was?' and before we could retreat, throwing Brown Tom's loose check- rein across the pickets of the gate, she led us to where the tall woman, dressed in pure white, stood under the trees, a look of perfectly calm expectancy in the wonderful dark eyes that made such a contrast to her coils of snow-white hair. '"Cortright! Martin Cortright, is it not?' she said immediately, as her companion spoke the sur- name. ' And your wife ? I had not heard that you were married, but I remember you well, Lavinia Dor- man, and your city garden, and the musk-rose bush that ailed because of having too little sun. Chester will be so sorry to miss you ; he is seldom at home in the mornings, for he takes long walks with our son. He is having the first entire half year's vacation he has allowed himself since our marriage. But you will always find him in the garden in the afternoon; he is so fond of fragrant flowers, and he is making new 294 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I studies of herbs and such things, for he believes that in spite of some great discoveries it will be proven that the old simples are the most enduring medicines.' "As she spoke she was leading the way, with that peculiar undulating progress, like a cloud blown over the earth's surface, that I had noticed at first. Then we came out from under the shade of the trees into the garden enclosure and I saw borders and beds, but chiefly borders, stretching and curving everywhere, screening all the fences, approaching the house, and when almost there retreating in graceful lines into the shelter of the trees. The growth had the luxu- rianse of a jungle, and yet there was nothing weedy or awry about it, and as the breeze blew toward us the combination of many odours, both pungent and sweet, was almost overpowering. "'You very seldom wore a buttonhole flower, but when you did it was a safrano bud or else a white jas- mine,' Mrs. Marchant said, wheeling suddenly and looking at Martin with a gaze that did not stop where he stood, but went through and beyond him ; ' it was Dr. Russell who always wore a pink ! See ! I have both here!' and going up to a tea-rose bush, grown to the size of a shrub and lightly fastened to the side of the house, she gathered a few shell-like buds and FRAGRANT FLOWERS AND LEAVES 295 a moment later pulled down a spray of the jasmine vine that festooned a window, as we see it in England but never here, and carefully cut off a cluster of its white stars by aid of a pair of the long, slender flower- picking scissors that hung from her belt by a ribbon, twisted the stems together, and placed them in Martin's buttonhole almost without touching it. "Having done this, she seemed to forget us and drifted away among the flowers, touching some gently as she passed, snipping a dead leaf here and arranging a misplaced branch there. " We left almost immediately, but have been there many times since, and though as a whole the garden is too heavily fragrant, I thought that it might suggest possibilities to you." As Aunt Lavinia paused we were turning from the main road into the narrow but beautifully kept lane upon which the Herb Farm, as it was still called, was located, by one of those strange freaks that some- times induces people to build in a strangely inaccessible spot, though quite near civilization. I know that you must have come upon many such places in your wan- derings. Of course my curiosity was piqued, and I felt, be- sides, as if I was about to step into the page of some 296 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I strange psychological romance, nor was I disap- pointed. The first thing that I saw when we entered, was a great strip of heliotrope that rivalled my own, and opposite it an equal mass of silvery lavender crowned by its own flowers, of the colour that we so fre- quently use as a term, but seldom correctly. There were no flagged or gravel walks, but closely shorn grass paths, the width of a lawn-mower, that followed the outline of the borders and made grateful footing. Bounding the heliotrope and lavender on one side was a large bed of what I at first thought were Mar- garet carnations, of every colour combination known to the flower, but a closer view showed that while those in the centre were Margarets, those of the wide border were of a heavier quality both in build of plant, texture of leaf, and flower, which was like a compact green- house carnation, the edges of the petals being very smooth and round, while in addition to many rich, solid colours there were flowers of white-and-yellow ground, edged and striped and flaked with colour, and the fragrance delicious and reminiscent of the clove pinks of May. Mrs. Puffin, the companion, could tell us little about them except that the seed from which they were A BED OK JAPAN PINKS. FRAGRANT FLOWERS AND LEAVES 297 raised came from England and that, as she put it, they were fussy, troublesome things, as those sown one season had to be lifted and wintered in the cold pit and get just so much air every day, and be planted out in the border again in April. Aunt Lavinia rec- ognized them as the same border carnations over which she had raved when she first saw them in the trim gardens of Hampton Court. Can either you or Evan tell me more of them and why we do not see them here? Before long I shall go garden mad, I fear; for after grooming the place into a generally decorative and floriferous condition of trees, shrubs, vines, ferns, etc., will come the hunger for specialties that if completely satisfied will necessitate not only a rosary, a lily and wild garden, a garden — rather than simply a bed — of sweet odours, and lastly a garden wholly for the family of pinks or carnations, whichever is the senior title. I never thought of these last except as a garden incident until I saw their possibilities in Mrs. Marchant's space of fragrant leaves and flowers. The surrounding fences were entirely concealed by lilacs and syringas, interspersed with gigantic bushes of the fragrant, brown-flowered strawberry shrub ; the four gates, two toward the road, one to the barn-yard, 298 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I and one entering the .wood lane, were arched high and covered by vines of Wisteria, while similar arches seemed to bring certain beds together that would have looked scattered and meaningless with- out them. In fact next to the presence of fragrant things, the artistic use of vines as draperies appealed to me most. The border following the fence was divided, back of the house, by a vine- covered arbour, on the one side of which the medicinal herbs and simples were massed ; on the other what might be classed as decora- tive or garden flowers, though some of the simples, such as tansy with its clusters of golden buttons, must be counted decorative. The plants were never set in straight lines, but in irregular groups that blended comfortably together. Mrs. Marchant was not feeling well, Mrs. Puffin said, and could not come out, greatly to my disap- pointment ; but the latter was only too glad to do the honours, and the plant names slipped from her tongue with the ease of long familiarity. This patch of low growth with small heads of purple flowers was broad- leaved English thyme; that next, summer savory, used in cooking, she said. Then followed common sage and its scarlet- flowered cousin FRAGRANT FLOWERS AND LEAVES 299 that we know as salvia ; next came rue and rosemary, Ophelia's flower of remembrance, with stiff leaves. Little known or grown, or rather capricious and ten- der here, I take it, for I find plants of it offered for sale in only one catalogue. Marigolds were here also, why I do not know, as I should think they belonged with the more showy flowers; then inconspicuous pennyroyal and several kinds of mints — spearmint, peppermint, and some great plants of velvet-leaved catnip. Borage I saw for the first time, also coriander of the aromatic seeds, and a companion of dill of vine- gar fame; and strangely enough, in rotation of Bible quotation, cumin and rue came next. Caraway and a feathery mass of fennel took me back to grandmother's Virginia garden; balm and arnica, especially when I bruised a leaf of the latter between my fingers, recalled the bottle from which I soothe the Infant's childish bumps, the odour of it being also strongly reminiscent of my own childhood. Angelica spoke of the sweet candied stalks, but when we reached a spot of basil, Martin Cortright's tongue was loosed and he began to recite from Keats ; and all at once I seemed to see Isabella sitting among the shadows holding between her knees the flower-pot from 300 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I which the strangely nourished plant of basil grew as she watered it with her tears. A hedge of tall sunflowers, from whose seeds, Mrs. Puffin said, a soothing and nourishing cough syrup may be made, antedating cod-liver oil, replaced the lilacs on this side, and with them blended boneset and horehound ; while in a springy spot back toward the barn-yard the long leaves of sweet flag or calamus introduced a different class of foliage. On the garden side the border was broken every ten feet or so with great shrubs of our lemon verbena, called lemon balm by Mrs. Puffin. It seemed impos- sible that such large, heavily wooded plants could be lifted for winter protection in the cellar, yet such Mrs. Puffin assured us was the case. So I shall grow mine to this size if possible, for what one can do may be accomplished by another, — that is the tonic of seeing other gardens than one's own. Between the lemon verbenas were fragrant- leaved geraniums of many flavours — rose, nutmeg, lemon, and one with a sharp peppermint odour, also a skeleton-leaved variety; while a low-growing plant with oval leaves and half- trailing habit and odd odour, Mrs. Puffin called apple geranium, though it does not seem to favour the family. Do you know it? FRAGRANT FLOWERS AND LEAVES 301 Bee balm in a blaze of scarlet made glowing colour amid so much green, and strangely enough the bluish lavender of the taller-growing sister, wild bergamot, seems to harmonize with it; while farther down the line grew another member of this brave family of horse- mints with almost pink, irregular flowers of great beauty. Southernwood formed fernlike masses here and there; dwarf tansy made the edging, together with the low, yellow- flowered musk, which Aunt Lavinia, now quite up in such things, declared to be a "musk- scented mimulus!" whatever that may be! Stocks, sweet sultan, and tall wands of evening primrose graded this border up to another shrubbery. Of mignonette the garden boasts a half dozen species, running from one not more than six inches hi height with cinnamon- red flowers to a tall variety with pointed flower spikes, something of the shape of the white flowers of the clethra bush or wands of Culver's root that grow along the fence at Opal Farm. It is not so fragrant as the common migno- nette, but would be most graceful to arrange with roses or sweet peas. Aunt Lavinia says that she thinks that it is sold under the name of Miles spiral mignonette. 302 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I Close to the road, where the fence angle allows for a deep bed and the lilacs grade from the tall white of the height of trees down to the compact bushes of newer French varieties, lies the violet bed, now a mass of green leaves only, but by these Aunt Lavinia's eye read them out and found here the English sweet wild violet, as well as the deep purple double garden variety, the tiny white scented that comes with pussy-willows, the great single pansy violet of California, and the violets grown from the Russian steppes that carpeted the ground under your " mother tree." From this bed the lilies-of-the-valley start and follow the entire length of the front fence, as you preach on the sunny side, the fence itself being hidden by a drapery of straw-coloured and pink Chinese honey- suckle that we called at home June honeysuckle, though this is covered with flower sprays in late August, and must be therefore a sort of monthly-minded hybrid, after the fashion of the hybrid tea-rose. If I were to tell of the tea-roses grown here, they would fill a chronicle by itself, though only a few of the older kinds, such as safrano, bon silene, and perle, are favourites. Mrs. Puffin says that some of them, the great shrubs, are wintered out-of-doors, and others FRAGRANT FLOWERS AND LEAVES 303 are lifted, like the lemon balms, and kept in the dry, light cellar in tubs. But oh ! Mrs. Evan, you must go and see Mrs. Marchant's lilies ! They are growing as freely as weeds among the uncut grass, and blooming as pro- fusely as the bell- lilies in Opal Farm meadows ! And all the spring bulbs are also grown in this grass that lies between the shorn grass paths, and in autumn when the tops are dead and gone it is carefully burned over and the turf is all the winter covering they have. Does the grass look ragged and unsightly? No, because I think that it is cut lightly with a scythe after the spring bulbs are gone and that the patient woman, whose life the garden is, keeps the tallest seeded grasses hand trimmed from between the lily stalks ! Ah, but how that garden lingers with me, and the single glimpse I caught of the deep dark eyes of its mistress as they looked out of a vine- clad window toward the sky ! I have made a list of the plants that are possible for my own permanent bed of fragrant flowers and leaves, that I may enjoy them, and that the Infant may have fragrant memories to surround all her youth and bind her still more closely to the things of outdoor life. 304 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I I chanced upon a verse of Bourdillon's the other day. Do you know it ? " Ah ! full of purest influence On human mind and mood, Of holiest joy to human sense Are river, field, and wood; And better must all childhood be That knows a garden and a tree! " XV THE PINK FAMILY OUTDOORS (Barbara Campbell to Mary Penrose) Oaklands, September i. So you have been away and in going discovered the possibilities of growing certain pinks and carnations out-of-doors that, in America at least, are usually considered the winter specialties of a cool greenhouse! We too have been afield somewhat, having but now returned from a driving trip of ten days, nicely timed as to gardens and resting-places until the last night, when, making a false turn, ten o'clock found us we did not know where and with no prospect of getting our bearings. We had ample provisions for supper with us, includ- ing two bottles of ginger ale ; no one knew that we were lost but ourselves and no one was expecting us any- where, as we travel quite con amore on these little near-by journeys of ours. The August moon was big and hot and late in rising ; there was a rick of old hay in a clean-looking field by the roadside that had x 3°5 306 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I evidently been used as winter fodder for young cattle, for what remained of it was nibbled about the base, leaving a protruding, umbrella-like thatch, not very substantial, but sufficient shelter for a still night. Then and there we decided to play gypsy and camp out, literally under the sky. Evan unharnessed the horse, watered him at a convenient roadside puddle, and tethered him at the rear of the stack, where he could nibble the hay, but not us! Then spreading the horse-blanket on some loose hay for a bed, with the well- tufted seat of the buggy for a pillow, and utilizing the lap robe for a cover against dew, we fell heavily asleep, though I had all the time a half- conscious feeling as if little creatures were scrambling about in the hay beneath the blanket and occasionally brushing my face or ears with a batlike wing, tiny paws, or whisking tail. When I awoke, and of course immediately stirred up Evan, the moon was low on the opposite side of the stack, the stars were hidden, and there was a dull red glow among the heavy clouds of the eastern horizon like the reflection of a distant fire, while an owl hooted close by from a tree and then flew with a lurch across the meadow, evidently to the destruction of some small creature, for a squeal accom- panied the swoop. A mysterious thing, this flight THE PINK FAMILY OUTDOORS 307 of the owl : the wings did not flap, there was no sound, merely the consciousness of displaced air. We were not, as it afterward proved, ten miles from home, and yet, as far as trace of humanity was con- cerned, we might have been the only created man and woman. Do you remember the old gypsy song ? — Ben Jon- son's, I think — " The owl is abroad, the bat, the toad, And so is the cat-a -mountain ; The ant and the mole both sit in a hole, And frog peeps out o' the fountain ; The dogs they bay and the timbrels play And the spindle now is turning; The moon it is red, and the stars are fled But all the sky is a-burning." But we were still more remote, for of beaters of tim- brels and turners of spindles were there none! * * * * * * * Your last chronicle interested us all. In the first place father remembers Mrs. Marchant perfectly, for he and the doctor used to exchange visits con- stantly during that long-ago summer when they lived on the old Herb Farm at Coningsby. Father had heard that she was hopelessly deranged, but nothing 308 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I further, and the fact that she is living within driving distance in the midst of her garden of fragrance is a striking illustration both of the littleness of the earth and the social remoteness of its inhabitants. Father says that Mrs. Marchant was always a very intellectual woman, and he remembers that in the old days she had almost a passion for fragrant flowers, and once wrote an essay upon the psychology of perfumes that attracted some attention in the medi- cal journal in which it was published by her husband. That the perfume of flowers should now have drawn the shattered fragments of her mind together for their comfort and given her the foretaste of immortality, by the sign of the consciousness of personal presence and peace, is beautiful indeed. Your declaration that henceforth one garden is not enough for your ambition, but that you crave several, amuses me greatly. For a mere novice I must say that you are making strides in seven-league horticul- tural boots, wherein you have arrived at the heart of the matter, viz. : — one may grow many beautiful and satisfactory flowers in a mixed garden such as falls to the lot of the average woman sufficiently lueky to own a garden at all, but to develop the best possi- bilities of any one family, like the rose, carnation, THE PINK FAMILY OUTDOORS 309 or lily, that is a bit whimsical about food and lodging, each one must have a garden of its own, so to speak, which, for the amateur, may be made to read as a special bed in a special location, and not neces- sarily a vast area. This need is always recognized in the English gar- den books, and the chapter headings, The Rose Garden, — Hardy Garden, — Wall Garden, — Lily Garden, — Alpine Garden, etc., lead one at first sight to think that it is a great estate alone that can be so treated ; but it is merely a horticultural protest, born of long experience, against mixing races to their mutual hurt, and this precaution, together with the climate, makes of all England a gardener's paradise ! What you say of the expansiveness of the list of fragrant flowers and leaves is also true, for taken in the literal sense there are really few plants without an individual odour of some sort in bark, leaf, or flower usually sufficient to identify them. In a recent book giving what purports to be a list of fra- grant flowers and leaves, the chrysanthemum is in- cluded, as it gives out an aromatic perfume from its leaves ! This is true, but so also does the garden mari- gold, and yet we should not include either among fragrant leaves in the real sense. 310 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I Hence to make the right selection of plants for the bed of sweet odours it is best, as in the case of choosing annuals, to adhere to a few tried and true worthies. But at your rhapsody on the bed of carnations, I am also tempted to launch forth in praise of all pinks in general and the annual flowering garden carnation, early Marguerite, and picotee varieties in particular, especially when I think what results might be had from the same bits of ground that are often left to be overrun with straggling and unworthy annuals. For to have pinks to cut for the house, pinks for colour masses out-of-doors, and pinks to give away, is but a matter of understanding, a little patience, and the possession of a cold pit (which is but a deeper sort of frame like that used for a hotbed and sunken in the ground) against a sunny wall, for the safe wintering of a few of the tenderer species. In touching upon this numerous family, second only to the rose in importance, the embarrassment is, where to begin. Is a carnation a pink, or a pink a carnation? I have often been asked. You may settle that as you please, since the family name of all, even the bearded Sweet-William, is Dianthus, the decisive title of Linnseus, a word from the Greek mean- ing "flower of Jove," while the highly scented species THE PINK FAMILY OUTDOORS 311 and varieties of the more or less pungent clove breath remain under the old subtitle — Caryophyllus. To go minutely into the differences and distinctions of the race would require a book all to itself, for in 1597, more than three hundred years ago, Gerarde wrote: "There are, under the name of Caryophyllus, comprehended diuers and sundrie sorts of plants, of such variable colours and also severall shapes that a great and large volume would not suffice to write of euery one in particular." And when we realize that the pink was probably the first flower upon which, early in the eighteenth century, experiments in hybridi- zation were tried, the intricacy will be fully understood. For the Garden, You, and I, three superficial groups only are necessary : the truly hardy perennial pinks, that when once established remain for years; the half-hardy perennials that flower the second year after planting, and require protection; and the bien- nials that will flower the first year and may be treated as annuals. The Margaret carnations, though biennials, are best treated as annuals, for they may be had in flower in three to four months after the sowing of the seed, and the English perennial border carnations, bizarres, and picotees will live for several years, but in this 3i2 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I climate must be wintered in a dry wooden cold pit, after the manner of the perennial varieties of wall- flowers, tender roses, and the like. I emphasize the words dry wooden in connection with a cold pit from my experience in seeking to make mine permanent by replacing the planks, with which it was built and which often decayed, by stone work, with most disastrous results, causing me to lose a fine lot of plants by mildew. The truly hardy pinks (dianthus plumarius), the fringed and clove-scented species both double and single of old-time gardens, that bloom in late spring and early summer, are called variously May and grass pinks. Her Majesty is a fine double white variety of this class, and if, in the case of double varieties, you wish to avoid the risk of getting single flowers, you would better start your stock with a few plants and subdivide. For myself, every three or four years, I sow the seed of these pinks in spring in the hardy seed bed, and transplant to their permanent bed early in September, covering the plants lightly in winter with evergreen boughs or corn stalks. Leaf litter or any sort of covering that packs and holds water is deadly to pinks, so prone is the crown to decay. In the catalogues you will find these listed under the THE PINK FAMILY OUTDOORS 313 names of Pheasant's Eye, Double Scotch pinks (Scotius), and Perpetual Pink (semper ftor ens}. With this class belongs the Sweet- William (dianthus bar- batus}, which should be sown and treated in a like manner. It is also a hardy perennial, but I find it best to renew it every few years, as the flowers of young plants are larger, and in spite of care, the most beau- tiful hybrids will often decay at the ground. There is no garden flower, excepting the Dahlia, that gives us such a wealth of velvet bloom, and if you mean to make a specialty of pinks, I should advise you to buy a collection of Sweet- Williams in the separate colours, which range from white to deepest crimson with varied markings. Directions for sowing the biennial Chinese and Japanese pinks were given in the chronicle concern- ing the hardy seed bed. These pinks are not really fragrant, though most of them have a pleasant apple odour that, together with their wonderful range of colour, makes them particularly suitable for table decoration. In addition to the mixed colours recommended for the general seed bed, the following Japanese varieties are of special beauty, among the single pinks : Queen of Holland, pure white; Eastern Queen, enormous 314 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I rose- pink flowers; Crimson Belle, dark red. Among the double, Fireball, an intense scarlet; the Diadem pink, Salmon Queen, and the lovely Oriental Beauty with diversely marked petals of a crepy texture. The double varieties of course are more solid and lasting, if they do not insist upon swelling so mightily that they burst the calyx and so have a dishevelled and one-sided look ; but for intrinsic beauty of colour and marking the single Chinese and Japanese pinks, particularly the latter, reign supreme. They have a quality of holding one akin to that of the human eye and possess much of the power of individual expression that belongs to pansies and single violets. By careful management and close clipping of with- ered flowers, a bed of these pinks may be had in bloom from June until December, the first flowers coming from the autumn-sown plants, which may be replaced in August by those sown in the seed bed in late May, which by this time will be well budded. "August is a kittle time for transplanting border things," I hear you say. To be sure ; but with your water-barrel, the long-necked water-pots, and a judi- cious use of inverted flower-pots between ten A.M. and four P.M., there is no such word as fail in this as in many other cases. SINGLE AND DOUBLE PINKS. THE PINK FAMILY OUTDOORS 315 Upon the second and third classes you must depend for pinks of the taller growth ranging from one to two feet in height and flourishing long-stemmed clusters of deliciously clove-scented flowers. The hardy Mar- garets might be wintered in the pit, if it were worth the while, but they are so easily raised from seed, and so prone literally to bloom themselves to death in the three months between midsummer and hard frost, that I prefer to sow them each year in late March and April and plant them out in May, as soon as their real leaves appear, and pull them up at the general autumnal garden clearance. Upon the highly scented perpetual and picotee pinks or carnations (make your own choice of terms) you must depend for fra- grance between the going of the May pinks and the coming of the Margarets ; not that they of necessity cease blooming when their more easily perfected sis- ters begin ; quite the contrary, for the necessity of lift- ing them in the winter gives them a spring set-back that they do not have in England, where they are the universal hardy pink, alike of the gardens of great estates and the brick-edged cottage border. These are the carnations of Mrs. Marchant's garden that filled you with such admiration, and also awoke the spirit of emulation. Lavinia Cortright was correct 3i6 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I in associating them with the lavish bloom of the gar- dens of Hampton Court, for if anything could make me permanently unpatriotic (which is impossible), it would be the roses and picotee pinks of the dear old stupid (human middle-class, and cold bedroom- wise), but florally adorable mother country ! The method by which you may possess yourself of these crowning flowers of the garden, for coronations is one of the words from which carnation is supposed but to be derived, is as follows : — Be sure of your seed. Not long ago it was neces- sary to import it direct, but not now. You may buy from the oldest of American seed houses fifty varieties of carnations and picotees, in separate packets, for three dollars, or twenty-five sorts for one dollar and seventy- five cents, or twelve (enough for a novice) for one dollar, the same being undoubtedly English or Hol- land grown, while a good English house asks five shillings, or a dollar and a quarter, for a single packet of mixed varieties ! Moral — it is not necessary that "made in England" should be stamped upon flower seeds to prove them of English origin! If you can spare hotbed room, the seeds may be sown in April, like the early Margarets, and trans- THE PINK FAMILY OUTDOORS 317 planted into some inconspicuous part of the vegetable garden, where the soil is deep and firm and there is a free circulation of air (not between tall peas and sweet corn), as for the first summer these pinks have no ornamental value, other than the pleasurable spec- tacle made by a healthy plant of any kind, by virtue of its future promise. Before frost or not later than the second week in October the pinks should be put in long, narrow boxes or pots sufficiently large to hold all the roots comfortably, but with little space to spare, watered, and partly shaded, until they have recovered themselves, when they should be set in the lightest part of the cold pit. During the winter months they should have only enough water to keep the earth from going to dust, and as much light and air as possible without absolutely freezing hard, after the manner of treating lemon verbenas, geraniums, and wall-flowers. By the middle of April they may be planted in the bed where they are to bloom, and all the further care they neeoV will be judicious watering and the care- ful staking of the flower stalks if they are weak and the buds top-heavy, — and by the way, as to the staking of flowers in general, a word with you later on. In the greenhouse, pinks are liable to many ail- ments, and several of these follow them out-of-doors, 3i8 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I three having given me some trouble, the most fatal being of a fungoid order, due usually to unhealthy root conditions or an excess of moisture. Rust is one of these, its Latin name being too long for the simple vocabulary of The Garden, You, and I. It first shows itself in a brown spot that seems to have worked out from the inner part of the leaf. Some- times it can be conquered by snipping the infected leaves, but if it seizes an entire bed, the necessary evil of spraying with Bordeaux mixture must be resorted to, as in the case of fungus -spotted hollyhocks. Thrip, the little transparent, whitish fly, will some- times bother border carnations in the same way as it does roses. If the flowers are only in bud, I sprinkle them with my brass rose- atomizer and powder slightly with helebore. But if the flowers are open, sprinkling and shaking alone may be resorted to. For the sev- eral kinds of underground worms that trouble pinks, of which the wireworm is the chief, I have found a lib- eral use of unslaked lime and bone-dust in the prepa- ration of the soil before planting the best preventive. Other ailments have appeared only occasionally. Sometimes an apparently healthy, full-grown plant will suddenly wither away, or else swell up close to the ground and finally burst so that the sap leaks THE PINK FAMILY OUTDOORS 319 out and it dies like a punctured or girdled tree. The first trouble may come from the too close contact of fresh manure, which should be kept away from the main roots of carnations, as from contact with lily bulbs. As to the swelling called gout, there is no cure, so do not temporize. Pull up the plant at once and disinfect the spot with unslaked lime and sulphur. Thus, Mary Penrose, may you have either pinks in your garden or a garden of pinks, whichever way you may care to develop your idea. "A deal of trouble? " Y-e-s; but then only think of the flowers that crown the work, and you might spend an equal amount of time in pricking cloth with a steel splinter and em- broidering something, in the often taken-in-vain name of decorative art, that in the end is only an elaborated rag — without even the bone and the hank of hair! XVI THE FRAME OF THE PICTURE VINES AND SHRUBS (Mary Penrose to Barbara Campbell) Woodridge, September 10. Your chronicle of the Pink Family found me by myself in camp, dreaming away as vigorously as if it was a necessary and prac- tical occupation. After all, are we sure that it is not, in a way, both of these? This season my dreams of night have been so long that they have lingered into the things of day and vice versa, and yet neither the one nor the other have whispered of idleness, but the endless hope of work. Bart's third instalment of vacation ends to-morrow, though we shall continue to sleep out of doors so long as good weather lasts; the remaining ten days we are saving until October, when the final transplanting of trees and shrubs is to be made; and in addition to those for the knoll we have marked some shapely dog- woods, hornbeams, and tulip trees for grouping in 320 THE FRAME OF THE PICTURE 321 other parts of the home acres. There are also to be had for the digging good bushes of the early pink and clammy white azalea, mountain- laurel, several of the blueberry tribe, that have white flowers in summer and glorious crimson foliage in autumn, white-flowered elder, button- bush, groundsel tree, witchhazel, bay- berry, the shining- leaved sumach, the white meadow- sweet, and pink steeplebush, besides a number of cor- nels and viburnums suitable for shrubberies. As I glance over the list of what the river and quarry woods have yielded us, it is like reading from the catalogue of a general dealer in hardy plants, and yet I suppose hundreds of people have as much almost at their doors, if they did but know it. The commercial side of a matter of this kind is not the one upon which to dwell the most, except upon the principle of the old black woman who said, "Chil- lun, count yer marcies arter every spell o' pain!" and to-day, in assaying our mercies and the various ad- vantages of our garden vacation, I computed that the trees, shrubs, ferns, herbaceous wild flowers, and vines (yes, we have included vines, of which I must tell you), if bought of the most reasonable of dealers, would have cost us at least three hundred dollars, without express or freight charges. 322 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I The reason for my being by myself at this particu- lar moment is that Bart, mounted on solemn Romeo, has taken the Infant, astride her diminutive pony, by a long leader, for a long- promised ride up the river road, the same being the finale of the celebration of his birthday, that began shortly after daylight. The Infant, in order to be early enough to give him the first of his thirty-three kisses, came the night before, and though she has camped out with us at intervals all summer, the novelty has not worn off. She has a happy family of pets that, without being caged or in any way coerced or confined, linger about the old barn, seem to watch for her coming, and expect their daily rations, even though they do not care to be handled. Punch and Judy, the gray squirrels of the dove- cote, perch upon her shoulders and pry into the pockets of her overalls for nuts or kernels of corn, all the while keeping 'a bright eye upon Reddy, the setter pup, who, though he lies ever so sedately, nose between paws, they well know is not to be trusted. While as for birds, all the season we have had chipping- spar- rows, catbirds, robins, and even a wood- thrush, leader of the twilight orchestra, all of whom the little witch has tempted in turn by a bark saucer spread with THE FRAME OF THE PICTURE 323 leaves and various grains and small fruits, from straw- berries to mulberries, for which she has had a daily hunt through the Opal Farm land the season through. Toward the English sparrow she positively declines to harden her heart, in spite of my having repeated the story of its encroachments and crimes. She listens and merely shakes her head, saying, "We 'vited them to come, didn't we, mother? When we 'vites people, we always feed 'em; 'sides, they're the only ones'll let me put them in my pocket," which is perfectly true, for having learned this warm abiding- place of much oats and cracked corn, they follow her in a flock, and a few confiding spirits allow themselves to be handled. At the birthday dinner party, arranged by the In- fant, a number of these guests were present. We must have looked a motley crew, in whose company Old King Cole himself would have been embarrassed, for Bart wore a wreath of pink asters, while a gigan- tic sunflower made my head-dress, and the cake, made and garnished with red and white peppermints, an American and an Irish flag, by Anastasia, was mounted firmly upon a miscellaneous mass of flowers, with a superstructure of small yellow tomatoes, parsley, 324 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I young carrots, and beets, the colour of these vegetables having caught the Infant's eye. The pony, Ginger, had a basket of second-crop clover flowers provided for him; Reddy some corned- beef hash, his favourite dish, coaxed from Anastasia; while for Punch, Judy, and as many of their children as would venture down from the rafters, the Infant had compounded a wonderful salad of mixed nuts and corn. As the Infant ordained that "the childrens shan't turn in 'til d'sert, " we had the substantial part of our meal in peace ; but the candles were no sooner blown out and the cake cut than Ginger left his clover to nibble the young carrots, the squirrels got into the nut dish bodily and began sorting over the nuts to find those they liked best, with such vigour that the others flew in our faces, and Reddy fell off the box upon which the Infant had balanced him with diffi- culty, nearly carrying the table-cloth with him, while at this moment, the feast becoming decidedly crumby, we were surrounded by the entire flock of English sparrows ! ******* Now this is not at all what I started to tell you; quite the contrary. Please forgive this domestic ex- cursion into the land of maternal pride and happen- THE FRAME OF THE PICTURE 325 ings. What I meant to write of was my conviction, that came through sitting on the hay rafters and look- ing down upon the garden, that as a beautiful paint- ing is improved by proper framing, so should the garden be enclosed at different points by frames, to focus the eye upon some central object. Though the greater part of the garden is as yet only planned and merely enough set out in each part to fix special boundaries, as in the case of the rose bed, I realize that as a whole it is too open and lacks per- spective. You see it all at once; there are no breaks. No matter in what corner scarlet salvia and vermilion nasturtiums may be planted, they are sure to get in range with the pink verbenas and magenta phlox in a teeth-on-edge way. From other viewpoints the result is no better. Looking from the piazza, that skirts two sides of the house, where we usually spend much time, three por- tions of the garden are in sight at once, and all on dif- ferent planes, without proper separating frames; the rose garden is near at hand, the old borders leading to the sundial being at right angles with it. At the right, the lower end of the knoll and the gap with its bed of heliotrope are prominent, while between, at a third distance, is the proposed location of the white- 326 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I birch screen, the old wall rockery, etc. The rockery and rose garden are in their proper relation, but the other portions should be given perspective by framing, and the result of my day-dreams is that this, accord- ing to nature, should be done by the grouping of shrubs and the drapery of vines. I now for the first time fully understand the uses of the pergola in landscape gardening, the open sides of which form a series of vine- draped frames. I had always before thought it a stiff and artificial sort of arrangement, as well as the tall clipped yews, laurel trees in tubs, and marble vases and columns that are parts of the usual framework of the more formal gardens. And while these things would be decidedly out of place in gardens of our class, and at best could only be indulged in via white- painted wooden imitations, the woman who is her own gardener may exercise endless skill in bringing about equally good results with the rustic material at hand and by following wild nature, who, after all, is the first model. I think I hear Evan laughing at my preachment concerning his special art, but the comprehension of it has all come through looking at the natural landscape effects that have happened at Opal Farm owing to the fact that the hand of man has there been stayed 'THE SILVER MAPLE BY THE LANE GATE." THE FRAME OF THE PICTURE 327 these many years. On either side of the rough bars leading between our boundary wall and the meadow stands a dead cedar tree, from which the dry, moss- covered branches have been broken by the loads of hay that used to be gathered up at random and carted out this way. Wild birds doubtless used these branches as perches of vantage from which they might view the country, both during feeding excursions and in migra- tion, and thus have sown the seed of their provender, for lo and behold, around the old trees have grown vines of wild grapes, with flowers that perfume the en- tire meadow in June. Here the woody, spiral-climbing waxwork holds aloft its clusters of berries that look like bunches of miniature lemons until on being ripe they open and show the coral fruit; Virginia creeper of the five-pointed fingers, clinging tendrils, glorious autumn colour, and spreading clusters of purple black- berries, and wild white clematis, the "traveller's joy" of moist roadside copses, all blending together and stretch- ing out hands, until this season being undisturbed, they have clasped to form a natural arch of surpassing beauty. Having a great pile of cedar poles, in excess of the needs of all our other projects, my present problem is to place a series of simple arches constructed on 328 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I this natural idea, that shall frame the different garden vistas from the best vantage-point. Rustic pillars, after the plan of Evan's that you sent me for the corners of the rose garden, will give the necessary formal touch, while groups of shrubs can be so placed as not only to screen colours that should not be seen in combina- tion, but to make reasons for turns that would otherwise seem arbitrary. Aunt Lavinia has promised me any number of Chinese honeysuckle vines from the little nursery bed of rooted cuttings that is Martin Cortright's special province, for she writes me that they began with this before having seed beds for either hardy plants or annuals, as they wished to have hedges of flowering shrubs in lieu of fences, and some fine old bushes on the place furnished ample cuttings of the old-fashioned varieties, which they have supplemented. Aunt Lavinia also says that the purple Wisteria grows easily from the beanlike seed and blossoms in three years, and that she has a dozen of these two- year-old seedlings that she will send me as soon as I have place for them. Remembering your habit of giving every old tree a vine to comfort its old age, and in particular the silver maple by the lane gate of your garden, with its woodpecker hole and swinging 'A CURTAIN TO THE SIDE PORCH. THE FRAME OF THE PICTURE 329 garniture of Wisteria bloom, I have promised a similar cloak to a gnarled bird cherry that stands midway in the fence rockery, and yet another to an attenuated poplar, so stripped of branches as to be little more than a pole and still keeping a certain dignity. The honeysuckles I shall keep for panelling the piazza, they are such clean vines and easily controlled ; while on the two- story portion under the guest-room windows some Virginia creepers can be added to make a curtain to the side porch. As for other vines, we have many resources. Fes- tooned across the front stoop at Opal Farm is an old and gigantic vine of the scarlet- and- orange trumpet creeper, that has overrun the shed, climbed the side of the house, and followed round the rough edges of the eaves, while all through the grass of the front yard are seedling plants of the vine that, in spring, are blended with tufts of the white star of Bethlehem and yellow daffies. In the river woods, brush and swamp lots, near by, we have found and marked for our own the mountain fringe with its feathery foliage and white flowers shaded with purple pink, that suggest both the bleed- ing heart of gardens and the woodland Dutchman's breeches. It grows in great strings fourteen or fifteen 330 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I feet in length and seems as trainable as smilax or the asparagus vine. Here are also woody trailers of moonseed, with its minute white flowers in the axils of leaves that might pass at first glance for one of the many varieties of wild grapes; the hyacinth bean, with its deliciously fragrant chocolate flowers tinged with violet, that is so kind in covering the unsightly underbrush of damp places. And here, first, last, and always, come the wild grapes, showing so many types of leaf and fruit, from the early ripen- ing summer grape of the high- climbing habit, having the most typical leaf and thin-skinned, purple berries, that have fathered so many cultivated varieties; the frost grape, with its coarsely- toothed, rather heart- shaped, pointed leaf and small black berries, that are uneatable until after frost (and rather horrid even then); to the riverside grape of the glossy leaf, fragrant blossoms and fruit. One thing must be remembered concerning wild grapes: they should be planted, if in the open sun- light, where they will be conspicuous up to late summer only, as soon after this time the leaves begin to grow rusty, while those in moist and partly-shady places hold their own. I think this contrast was borne in upon me by watching a mass of grape-vines upon a THE FRAME OF THE PICTURE 331 tumble-down wall that we pass on our way to the river woods. In August the leaves began to brown and curl at the edges, while similar vines in the cool lane shade were still green and growing. So you see, Mrs. Evan, that, in addition to our other treasure-trove, we are pre- pared to start a free vinery as well, and as our lucky star seems to be both of morning and evening and hangs a long while in the sky, Meyer, Larry's succes- sor, we find, has enough of a labourer's skill at post setting and a carpenter's eye and hand at making an angled arch (this isn't the right term, but you know what I mean), so that we have not had to pause in our improvements owing to Amos Opie's rheumatic illness. Not that I think the old man very ill, and I believe he could get about more if he wished, for when I went down to see him this morning, he seemed to have something on his mind, and with but little urging he told me his dilemma. Both The Man from Every- where and Maria Maxwell have made him good offers for his farm, The Man's being the first ! Now he had fully determined to sell to The Man, when Maria's kindness during his illness not only turned him in her favour, but gave him an attachment for the place, so that now he doesn't really wish to sell at all ! It 332 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I is this mental perturbation, in his very slow nature, that is, I believe, keeping him an invalid ! What Maria wants of the farm neither Bart nor I can imagine. She has a little property, a few thousand dollars, enough probably to buy the farm and put it in livable repair, but this money we thought she was saving for the so-called rainy day (which is much more apt to be a very dry period) of spinsterhood ! Of course she has some definite plan, but whether it is bees or boarders, jam or a kindergarten, we do not know, but we may be very sure that she is not jumping at random. Only I'm a little afraid, much as I should like her for a next-door neighbour, that, with her practical head, she would insist upon making hay of the lily meadow! "Straying away again from the horticultural to the domestic things," I hear you say. Yes; but now that the days are shortening a bit, it seems natural to think more about people again. If I only knew whether Maria means to give up her teaching this winter, I would ask her to stay with us and begin to train the Infant's mind in the way it should think, for my head and hands will be full and my heart overflowing, I imagine. Ah ! this happy, blessed summer ! Yes, I know that you know, though I have never told you. THE FRAME OF THE PICTURE 333 That's what it means to have real friends. But to the shrubs. Will you do me one more favour before even the suspicion of frost touches my enthusiasm, that I may have everything in order in my Garden Boke against a planting season when Time may again hold his remorseless sway. This list of eighteen or more shrubs is made from those I know and like, with selections from that Aunt Lavinia sent me. Is it comprehen- sive, think you? Of course we cannot go into novel- ties in this direction, any more than we may with the roses. There is the little pale pink, Daphne Mezereum, that flowers before its leaves come in April. I saw it at Aunt Lavinia's and Mrs. Marchant had a great circle of the bushes. Then Forsythias, with yellow flowers, the red and pink varieties of Japanese quince, double-flowering almond and plum, the white spireas (they all have strange new names in the catalogue), the earliest being what mother used to call bridal- wreath (pruni folia), with its long wands covered with double flowers, like tiny white daisies, the St. Peter's wreath (Van Houttei] with the clustered flowers like small white wild roses, two pink species, Billardii and Anthony Waterer, beautiful if gathered before 334 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I the flowers open, as the colour fades quickly, and a little dwarf bush, Fortune's white spirea, that I have seen at the florist's. Next the old-fashioned purple lilac, that seems to hold its own against all newcomers for garden use, the white tree lilac, the fragrant white mock orange or syringa (Coronarius), the Japanese barberry of yellow flowers and coral berries, the three deutzias, two being the tall crenata and scabra and the third the charming low- growing gracilis, the old-fashioned snowball or Guelder rose (vibur- num opulus sterilis), the weigelias, rose-pink and white, the white summer-flowering hydrangea (paniculata grandiflora), and the brown-flowered, sweet-scented strawberry shrub (calycanthus floridus). "Truly a small slice from the loaf the catalogues offer," you say. Yes; but you must remember that our wild nursery has a long chain to add to these. In looking over the list of shrubs, it seems to me that the majority of them, like the early wild flowers, are white, but then it is almost as impossible to have too many white flowers as too many green leaves. September 15. I was prevented from finishing this until to-day, when I have a new domestic event to relate. Maria, no longer a music mistress, has leased the Opal Farm, it seems, and will remain with THE FRAME OF THE PICTURE 335 me this winter pending the repairing of the house, which Amos Opie himself is to superintend. I wish I could fathom the ins and outs of the matter, which are not at present clear, but probably I shall know in time. Meanwhile, I have Maria for a winter com- panion, and a mystery to solve and puzzle about; is not this truly feminine bliss? XVII THE INS AND OUTS OF THE MATTER CHRONICLED by the rays of light and sound waves upon the walls of the house at Opal Farm. PEOPLE INVOLVED The Man from Everywhere, keeping bachelor's hall in the eastern half of the farm home. Amos Opie, living in the western half of the house, the sepa- rating door being locked on his side. Maria Maxwell, who, upon hearing Opie is again ill, has dropped in to give him hot soup and medicine. Amos Opie was more than usually uncomfortable this particular September evening. It may have been either a rather sudden change in the weather or the fact that now that he was sufficiently well to get about the kitchen and sit in the well- house porch, of a sunny morning, Maria Maxwell had given up the habit of running over several times a day to give him his medi- cine and be sure that the kettle boiled and his tea was freshly drawn, instead of being what she called "stewed bitterness" that had stood on the leaves all day. 336 INS AND OUTS OF THE MATTER 337 Whichever it was, he felt wretched in body and mind, and began to think himself neglected and was consequently aggrieved. He hesitated a few minutes before he opened the door leading to The Man's part of the house, took a few steps into the square hall, and called "Mr. Blake" in a quavering voice; but no an- swer came, as the bachelor had not yet returned from the reservoir. Going back, he settled heavily into the rocking- chair and groaned, — it was not from real pain, simply he had relaxed his grip and was making himself mis- erable, — then he began to talk to himself. "She doesn't come hi so often now he's come home, and he fights shy o' the place, thinkin' mebbe she's around, and they both wants to buy. He's offered me thirty-five hundred cash, and she's offered me thirty hundred cash, which is all the place's worth, for it'll take another ten hundred to straighten out the house, with new winder frames, floorin' 'nd plaster 'nd shingles, beams and sills all bein' sound, — when the truth is I don't wish ter sell nohow, yet can't afford to hold! I don't see light noway 'nd I'm feelin' another turn comin' when I was nigh ready ter git about agin to Miss'ss Penrose flower poles. O lordy ! lordy ! I wish I had some more o' that settling 338 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I medicine Maria Maxwell brought me " (people very seldom spoke of that young woman except by her complete name). "If I had my wind, I'd yell over to her to come up ! Yes, I vow I would !" David, the hound, who had been lying asleep before the stove, in which the fire had died away, got up, stretched himself, and, going to his master, after gazing in his face for several minutes, licked his hands thoroughly and solemnly, in a way totally different from the careless and irresponsible licks of a joyous dog; then raising his head gave a long-drawn bay that finally broke from its melancholy music and degener- ated into a howl. Amos must have dozed in his chair, for it seemed only a moment when a knock sounded on the side door and, without waiting for a reply, Maria Max- well entered, a cape thrown about her shoulders, a lantern in one hand, and in the other a covered pitcher from which steam was curling. "I heard David howling and I went to our gate to look; I saw that there wasn't a light in the farm-house and so knew that something was the matter. No fire in the stove and the room quite chilly! Where is that neighbour of yours in the other half of the house ? Couldn't he have brought you in a few sticks?" INS AND OUTS OF THE MATTER 339 "He isn't ter hum just now," replied Amos, in tones that were unnecessarily feeble, while at the same time an idea entered his brain that almost made him chuckle; but the sound which was quenched in his throat only came to Maria as an uncomfortable struggle for breath that hastened her exit to the woodpile by the side fence for the material to revive the fire. In going round the house, her arms laden with logs, she bumped into the figure of The Man leading his bicycle across the grass, which deadened his footfall, as the lantern she carried blinded her to all objects not within its direct rays. "Maria Maxwell! Is Opie ill again? You must not carry such a heavy load !" he exclaimed all in one breath, as he very quickly transferred the logs to his own arms, and was making the fire in the open stove almost before she had regained the porch, so that when she had lighted a lamp and drawn the turkey- red curtains, the reflections of the flames began to dance on the wall and cheerfulness suddenly replaced gloom. Still Amos sat in an attitude of dejection. Thank- ing The Man for his aid, but taking no further notice of him, Maria began to heat the broth which was con- tained in the pitcher, asking Amos at the same time 340 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I if he did not think that he would feel better in bed. "I dunno's place has much to do with it," he grumbled; "this can't go on no longer, it's doing for me, that it is!" Maria, thinking that he referred to bodily illness, hastened the preparations for bed, and The Man, feeling helpless as all men do when something active is being done in which they have no part, rose to go, and, with his hand on the latch of the porch door, said hi a low voice : " If I might help you in any way, I should be very glad; I do not quite like leaving you alone with this old fellow, — you may need help in getting him to bed. Tell me frankly, would you like me to stay?" "Frankly I would rather you would not," said Maria, yet hi so cordial a tone that no offence could be gathered from it in any way. So the door opened and closed again and Maria began the rather laborious task of coaxing the old man to bed. When once there, the medicine given, and the soup taken, which she could not but notice that he swallowed greedily, she seated herself before the fire, resolving that, if Amos did not feel better by nine o'clock, she would have Barney come over for the INS AND OUTS OF THE MATTER 341 night, as of course she must return to be near the Infant. As she sat there she pictured for the hundredth time how she would invest her little capital and re- arrange her life, if Amos consented to sell her the farm, — how best to restore the home without elaborating the care of it, and take one or two people to live with her who had been ill or needed rest in cheerful sur- roundings. Not always the same two, for that is para- lyzing after a time when the freshness of energetic influence wears off; but her experience among her friends told her that in a city's social life there was an endless supply of overwrought nerves and bodies. The having a home was the motive, the guests the necessity. Then she closed her eyes again and saw the upper portion of the rich meadow land that had lain fallow so long turned into a flower farm wherein she would raise blossoms for a well-known city dealer who had, owing to his artistic skill, a market for his wares and decorative skill in all the cities of the eastern coast. She had consulted him and he approved her plan. The meadow was so sheltered that it would easily have a two weeks' lead over the surrounding country, and the desirability of her crop should lie in its 342 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I perfection rather than rarity. Single violets in frames, lilies-of-the-valley for Easter and spring weddings, sweet peas, in separate colours, peonies, Iris, Gladioli, asters, and Dahlias: three acres in all. Upon these was her hope built, for with a market waiting, what lay between her and success but work? Yes, work and the farm. Then came the vision of human companionship, such as her cousin Bartram and Mary Penrose shared. Could flowers and a home make up for it? After all, what is home? Her thoughts tangled and snapped abruptly, but of one thing she was sure. She could no longer endure teaching singing to assorted tone-deaf children, many of whom could no more keep on the key than a cow on the tight rope ; and when she found a talented child and gave it appreciative attention, she was oftentimes officially accused of favouritism by some disgruntled parent with a political pull, for that was what contact with the public schools of a large city had taught her to expect. A log snapped — she looked at the clock. It was exactly nine ! Going to the window, she pulled back the curtain ; the old moon, that has a fashion of work- ing northward at this time, was rising from a location wholly new to her. INS AND OUTS OF THE MATTER 343 She looked at Amos; he was very still, evidently asleep, yet unnaturally so, for the regular breathing of unconsciousness was not there and the firelight shadows made him look pinched and strange. Sud- denly she felt alone and panic stricken; she forgot the tests so well known to her of pulse taking, and all the countryside tales of strokes and seizures came back to her. She did not hesitate a moment; a man was in the same house and she felt entirely outside of the strength of her own will. Going to the separating door, she found it locked, on which side she could not be sure ; but seeing a long key hanging by the clock she tried it, on general prin- ciples. It turned hard, and the lock finally yielded with a percussive snap. Stepping into the hall, she saw a light in the front of the house, toward which she hur- ried. The Man was seated by a table that was strewn with books, papers, and draughting instruments; he was not working, but in his turn gazing at the flames from a smouldering hearth fire, though his coat was off and the window open, for it was not cold but merely chilly. Hearing her step, he started, turned, and, as he saw her upon the threshold, made a grab for his coat and swung it into place. It is strange, this instinct in 344 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I civilized man of not appearing coatless before a woman he respects. "Amos Opie is very ill, I'm afraid," she said gravely, without the least self- consciousness or thought of intrusion. "Shall I go for the doctor?" said The Man, reaching for his hat and at the same time opening the long cup- board by the chimney, from which he took a leather- covered flask. "No, not yet; please come and look at him. Yes, I want you very much!" This in answer to a ques- tioning look in his eyes. Standing together by the bed, they saw the old man's eyelids quiver and then open narrowly. The Man poured whiskey from his flask into a glass, added water, and held it to Amos's lips, where it was quickly and completely absorbed ! Next he put a finger on Amos's pulse and after a minute closed his watch with a snap, but without comment. "You feel better now, Opie?" he questioned pres- ently in a tone that, to the old man at least, was sig- nificant. "What gave you this turn? Is there anything on your mind ? You might as well tell now, as you will INS AND OUTS OF THE MATTER 345 have to sooner or later, and Miss Maxwell must go home presently. You'll have to put up with me for the rest of the night and a man isn't as cheerful a com- panion as a woman — is he, Amos?" "No, yer right there, Mr. Blake, and it's the idee o' loneliness that's upsettin' me ! Come down ter facts, Mr. Blake, it's the offers I've had fer the farm — yourn and hern — and my wishin' ter favour both and yet not give it up myself, and the whole's too much fer me!" "Hers ! Has Miss Maxwell made a bid for the farm? What do you want it for?" he said, turning quickly to Maria, who coloured and then replied quietly — "To live in! which is exactly what you said when I asked you a similar question a couple of months ago!" "The p'int is," continued Amos, quickly growing more wide awake, and addressing the ceiling as a neutral and impartial listener, "that Mr. Blake has offered me five hundred more than Maria Max- well, and though I want ter favour her (in buyin', property goes to the highest bidder; it's only contract work that's fetched by the lowest, and I never did work by contract — it's too darned frettin'), I can't throw away good money, and neither of 'em yet knows 346 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I that whichsomever of 'em buys it has got ter give me a life right ter live in the summer kitchen and fetch my drinkin' water from the well in the porch ! A lone widder man's a sight helplesser 'n a widder, but yet he don't get no sympathy!" The Man from Everywhere began to laugh, and catching Maria's eye she joined him heartily. "How do you mean to manage?" he asked in a way that barred all thought of intrusion. "I'm going to have a flower farm and take in two invalids — no, not cranks or lunatics, but merely tired people," she added, a little catch coming in her voice. "Then you had better begin with me, for I'm pre- cious tired of taking care of myself, and here is Amos also applying, so I do not see but what your establish- ment is already complete!" Then, as he saw by her face that the subject was not one for jest, he said, in his hearty way that Mary Penrose likes, "Why not let me buy the place, as mine was the first offer, put it in order, and then lease it to you for three years, with the privilege of buying if you find that your scheme succeeds ? If the house is too small to allow two lone men a room each, I can add a lean-to to match Opie's summer INS AND OUTS OF THE MATTER 347 kitchen, for you know sometimes a woman finds it comfortable to have a man in the house!" Maria did not answer at first, but was looking at the one uncurtained window, where the firelight again made opals of the panes. Then turning, she said, "I will think over your offer, Mr. Blake, if everything may be upon a strictly business basis. But how about Amos? He seems better, and I ought to be going. I do not know why I should have been so foolish, but for a moment he did not seem to breathe, and I thought it was a stroke." "I'm comin' too all in good time, now my mind's relieved," replied the old man, with a chuckle, "and I think I'll weather to-night fer the sake o' fixin' that deed termorrow, Mr. Blake, if you'll kindly give me jest a thimbleful more o' that old liquor o' yourn — I kin manage it fust rate without the water, thank Jee!" The Man followed Maria to the door and out into the night. He did not ask her if he might go with her — he simply walked by her side for once unques- tioned. Maria spoke first, and rather more quickly and nervously than usual: "I suppose you think that my scheme in wishing the farm is a madcap one, but I'm 348 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I sure I could not see why you should wish to own it!" "Yes and no! I can well understand why you should desire a broader, freer life than your vocation allows, but — well, as for reading women's motives, I have given that up long since ; it often leads to trouble though I have never lost my interest in them. "I think Amos Opie will revive, now that his mind is settled" (if it had been sufficiently light, Maria would have seen an expression upon The Man's face indica- tive of his belief that the recent attack of illness was not quite motiveless, even though he forgave the ruse). "In a few days, when the deeds are drawn, will you not, as my prospective tenant, come and look over the house by daylight and tell me what changes would best suit your purpose, so that I may make some plans? I imagine that Amos revived will be able to do much of the work himself with a good assistant. "When would you like the lease to begin? In May? It is a pity that you could not be here in the interval to overlook it all, for the pasture should be ploughed at once for next year's gardening." "May will be late; best put it at the first of March. As to overseeing, I shall not be far away. I'm think- INS AND OUTS OF THE MATTER 349 ing of accepting cousin Mary's offer to stay with her and teach the Infant and a couple of other children this winter, which may be well for superintending the work, as I suppose you are off again with the swallows, as usual." " Oh, no, you forget the reservoir and the tunnelling of Three Brothers for the aqueduct to Bridgeton!" "Then let it be March first!" said Maria, after hesitating a moment, during which she stood looking back at Opal Farm lying at peace in the moonlight; "only, in making the improvements, please do them as if for any one else, and remember that it is to be a strictly business affair!" "And why should you think that I would deal otherwise by you?" The Man said quickly, stepping close, where he could see the expression of her face. Maria, feeling herself cornered, did not answer immediately, and half turned her face away, — only for a moment, however. Facing him, she said, "Because men of your stamp are always good to women, — always doing them kindnesses both big and little (ask Mary Penrose), — and sometimes kindness hurts !" "Well, then, the lease and all pertaining to it shall be strictly in the line of business until you yourself ask for a modification, — but be careful, I may be a 350 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I hard landlord!" Then, dropping his guard, he said suddenly, "Why is it that you and I — man and woman — temperamentally alike, both interested in the same things, and of an age to know what in life is worth while, should stand so aloof? Is there no more human basis upon which I can persuade you to come to Opal Farm when it is mine? Give me a month, three months, — lessen the distance you always keep between us, and give me leave to convince you ! Why will you insist upon deliberately keeping up a barrier raised in the beginning when I was too stupidly at home in your cousin's house to see that I might embarrass you? Frankly, do you dislike me?" Maria began two different sentences, stumbled, and stopped short; then drawing herself up and looking The Man straight in the face, she said, "I have kept a barrier between us, and deliberately, as you say, but — " here she faltered — "it was because I found you too interesting; the barrier was to protect my own peace of mind more than to rebuff you." "Then I may try to convince you that my plan is best?" "Yes," said Maria, with a glint of her mischievous smile, "if you have plenty of time to spare." INS AND OUT OF THE MATTER 351 "And you will give me no more encouragement than this? No good wish or omen?" "Yes," said Maria again, "I wish that you may succeed — " here she slipped her hand in the belt of her gown and drew out a little chamois bag attached to her watch, "and for an omen, here is the opal you gave me — you give it a happy interpretation and one is very apt to lose an unset stone, you know!" But as neither walls nor leaves have tongues, Mary Penrose never learned the real ins and outs of this matter. XVIII THE VALUE OF WHITE FLOWERS (Barbara Campbell to Mary Penrose) Oaklands, September 29. Michaelmas. The birthdays of our commuters are not far apart. This being Evan's festival, we have eaten the annual goose in his honour, together with several highly indigestible old- country dishes of Martha Corkle's construction, for she comes down from the cottage to preside over this annual feast. Now the boys have challenged Evan to a "golf walk" over the Bluffs and back again, the rough-and- ready course extending that distance, and I, being "o'er weel dined," have curled up in the garden-over- look window of my room to write to you. It has been a good gardener's year, and I am sorry that the fall anemones and the blooming of the earliest chrysanthemums insist upon telling me that it is nearly over, — that is, as far as the reign of com- plete garden colour is concerned. And amid our vagrant summer wanderings among gardens of high or low degree, no one point has been so recurrent or 352 THE VALUE OF WHITE FLOWERS 353 interesting as the distribution of colour, and especially the dominance of white flowers in any landscape or garden in which they appear. In your last letter you speak of the preponderance of white among the flowering shrubs as well as the early blossoms of spring. That this is the case is one of the strong points in the decorative value of shrubs, and in listing seeds for the hardy or summer beds or sorting the bushes for the rosary, great care should be taken to have a liberal sprinkling of white, for the white in the flower kingdom is what the diamond is in the mineral world, necessary as a setting for all other colours, as well as for its own intrinsic worth. Look at a well- cut sapphire of flawless tint. It is beautiful surely, but in some way its depth of colour needs illumination. Surround it with evenly matched diamonds and at once life enters into it. Fill a tall jar with spires of larkspur of the purest blue known to garden flowers. Unless the sun shines fully on them they seem to swallow light; mingle with them some stalks of white foxgloves, Canter- bury bells, or surround them with Madonna lilies, a fringe of spirea, or the slender Deutzia gracilis, more frequently seen in florists' windows than in the garden, 354 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I and a new meaning is given the blue flower; the black shadows disappear from its depth and sky reflections replace them. The blue- fringed gentian, growing deep among the dark grasses of low meadows, may be passed over without enthusiasm as a dull purplish flower by one to whom its possibilities are unknown; but come upon it backgrounded by Michaelmas daisies or standing alone in a meadow thick strewn with the white stars of grass of Parnassus or wands of crystal ladies' tresses, and all at once it becomes, — "Blue, blue, as if the sky let fall A flower from its cerulean wall ! " The same white setting enhances the brighter colours, though in a less degree than blue, which is, next to magenta, one of the most difficult colours to place in the garden. In view of this fact it is not strange that it is a comparatively unusual hue in the flower world and a very rare one among our neighbourly eastern birds, the only three that wear it conspicuously being the bluebird, indigo bird, and the bluejay. It is this useful quality as a setting that gives value to many white flowers lacking intrinsic beauty, like sweet alyssum, candy-tuft, the yarrows, and the double feverfew. In buying seeds of flowers in mixed varie- THE VALUE OF WHITE FLOWERS 355 ties, such as asters, verbenas, Sweet-William, pansies, or any flower in short that has a white variety, it is always safe to buy a single packet of the latter, be- cause I have often noticed that the usual mixtures, for some reason, are generally shy not only of the white but often of the very lightest tints as well. In selecting asters the average woman gardener may not be prepared to buy the eight or ten different types that please her fancy in as many separate colours ; a mixture of each must suffice, but a packet of white of each type should be added if the best results are to be achieved. The same applies to sweet peas when planted in mixture; at least six ounces of either pure white or very light, and therefore quasi- neutral tints harmo- nizing with all darker colours, should be added. For it is hi the lighter tints of this flower that its butterfly characteristics are developed. Keats had not the heavy deep-hued or striped varieties in mind when he wrote of "... Sweet Peas on tiptoe for a flight, With wings of gentle flush : o'er delicate white, And taper fingers catching at all things To bind them all about with tiny rings." If you examine carefully the "flats" of pansies growing from mixed seed and sold in the market-places 356 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I or at local florists', you will notice that in eight out of ten the majority of plants are of the darker colours. There are white varieties of almost every garden flower that blooms between the last frost of spring and winter ice. The snowdrop of course is white and the tiny little single English violet of brief though unsurpassing fragrance; we have white cro- cuses, white hyacinths, narcissus, lilies-of-the-valley, Iris, white rock phlox, or moss-pink, Madonna and Japan lilies, gladiolus, white campanulas of many species, besides the well-known Canterbury bells, white hollyhocks, larkspurs, sweet Sultan, poppies, phloxes, and white annual as well as hardy chrysanthe- mums. Almost all the bedding plants, like the geranium, begonia, ageratum, lobelia, etc., have white species. There are white pinks of all types, white roses, and wherever crimson rambler is seen Madame Plantier should be his bride ; white stocks, hollyhocks, verbenas, zinnias, Japanese anemones, Arabis or rock cress, and white fraxinella; white Lupins, nicotiana, even- ing primroses, pentstemons, portulaca, primulas, vincas, and even a whitish nasturtium, though its flame- coloured partner salvia declines to have her ardour so modified. THE VALUE OF WHITE FLOWERS 357 Among vines we have the white wisteria, several white clematis, the moon-flower, and other Ipomeas, many climbing and trailing roses, the English polygo- num, the star cucumber, etc., so that there is no lack of this harmonizing and modifying colour (that is not a colour after all) if we will but use it intelligently. Aside from the setting of flower to flower, white has another and wider function. As applied to the broader landscape it is not only a maker of per- spective, but it often indicates a picture and fairly pulls it from obscurity, giving the same lifelike round- ness that the single white dot lends in portraiture to the correctly tinted but still lifeless eye. Take for instance a wide field without groups of trees to divide and let it be covered only with grass, no matter how green and luxuriant, and there is a monotonous flatness, that disappears the moment the field is blooming with daisies or snowy wild asters. Follow the meandering line of a brook through April meadows. Where does the eye pause with the greatest sense of pleasure and restfulness? On the gold of the marsh marigolds edging the water? or on the silver- white plumes of shad-bush that wave and beckon across the marshes, as they stray from moist ground toward the light woods? Could any gay colour 358 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I whatsoever compete with the snow of May apple or- chards?— the fact that the snow is often rose tinged only serving to accentuate the contrasting white. In the landscape all light tints that at a distance have the value of white are equally to the purpose, and can be used for hedges, boundaries, or what may be called punctuation points. German or English Iris and peonies are two very useful plants for this purpose, flowering in May and June and for the rest of the season holding their substantial, well- set- up foliage. These two plants, if they receive even or- dinary good treatment, may also be relied upon for masses of uniform bloom held well above the leaves; and while pure white peonies are a trifle monoto- nous and glaring unless blended with the blush, rose, salmon, and cream tints, there are any number of white iris both tall and dwarf with either self-toned flowers, or pencilled, feathered, or bordered with a variety of delicate tints, and others equally valuable of pale shades of lilac or yellow, the recurved falls being of a different tint. Thus does Nature paint her pictures and give us hints to follow, and yet a certain art phase proclaims Nature's colour combinations crude and rudimentary forsooth ! THE VALUE OF WHITE FLOWERS 359 Nature is never crude except through an unsuc- cessful human attempt to reproduce the uncopyable. Give one of these critics all the colour combinations of the evening sky and let him manipulate them with wires and what a scorched omelet he would make of the most simple and natural sunset ! While Nature does not locate the different colours on the palette to please the eye of man, but to carry out the various steps in the great plan of perpetuation, yet on that score it is all done with a sense of colour value, else why are the blossoms of deep woods, as well as the night-blooming flowers that must lure the moth and insect seekers through the gloom, white or light- coloured ? In speaking of white or pale flowers there is one low shrub with evergreen leaves and bluish-white flowers that I saw blooming in masses for the first time not far from Boston in early May. There was a slight hollow where the sun lay, that was well protected from the wind. This sloped gently upward toward some birches that margined a pond. The birches themselves were as yet but in tassel, the near-by grass was green in spots only, and yet here in the midst of the chill, reluctant promise of early spring was firmness of leaf and clustered flowers of 360 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I almost hothouse texture and fragrance. Not a single spray or a dozen, but hundreds of them, covered the bushes. This shrub is Daphne cneorum, a sturdier evergreen cousin of Daphne mezereum, that brave-hearted shrub that often by the south wall of my garden hangs its little pink flower clusters upon bare twigs as early as the tenth of March. Put it on your list of desir- ables, for aside from any other situation it will do admirably to edge laurels or rhododendrons and so bring early colour of the rosy family hue to brighten their dark glossy leaves, for the sight and the scent thereof made me resolve to cover a certain nook with it, where the sun lodges first every spring. I am planting mine this autumn, which is necessary with things of such early spring vitality. Another garden point akin to colour value hi that it makes or mars has, I may say, run itself into my vision quite sharply and painfully this summer, and many a time have I rubbed my eyes and looked again hi wonder that such things could be. This is the spoiling of a well-thought-out garden by the obtrusive staking of its plants. Of course there are many tall and bushy flowers — hollyhocks, golden glow, cosmos — that have not sufficient strength of stem DAPHNE CNEORUM. THE VALUE OF WHITE FLOWERS 361 to stand alone when the weight of soaking rain is added to their flowers and the wind comes whirling to chal- lenge them to a dizzy dance, which they cannot refuse, and it inevitably turns their heavy heads and leaves them prone. Besides these there are the lower, slender, but top- heavy lilies, gladioli, carnations, and the like, that must not be allowed to soil their pretty faces in the mud. A little thinking must be done and stakes suitable to the height and girth of each plant chosen. If the purse allows, green- painted stakes of sizes vary- ing from eighteen inches for carnations to six feet for Dahlias are the most convenient; but lacking these, the natural bamboos, that may be bought in bundles by the hundred, in canes of eight feet or more, and after- ward cut in lengths to suit, are very useful, being light, tough, and inconspicuous. In supporting a plant, remember that the object is as nearly as possible to supplement its natural stem. Therefore cut the stake a little shorter than the top of the foliage and drive it firmly at the back of the plant, fastening the main stem to the stake by loosely woven florist's string. If, on the other hand, the plant to be supported is a maze of side branches, like the cosmos, or individual 362 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I bushes blended so as to form a hedge, a row of stout poles, also a little lower than the bushes, should be set firmly behind them, the twine being woven care- fully in and out among the larger branches, and then tightened carefully, so that the whole plant is gradu- ally drawn back and yet the binding string is concealed. If it is possible to locate cosmos, hollyhocks, and Dahlias (especially Dahlias) in the same place for sev- eral successive years, a flanking trellis fence of light posts, with a single top and bottom rail and poultry wire of a three- inch mesh between, will be found a good investment. Against this the plants may be tethered in several places, and thus not only separate branches can be supported naturally, but individual flowers as well, in the case of the large exhibition Dahlias. Practicable as is the proper carrying out of the matter, in a score of otherwise admirable gardens we have seen the results of weeks and months of prepa- ration either throttled and bound martyrlike to a stake or twisted and tethered, until the natural, habit of growth was wholly changed. In some cases the plants were so meshed in twine and choked that it seemed as if a spiteful fairy had woven a "cat's cradle" over them or that they had followed out the old proverb and, THE VALUE OF WHITE FLOWERS 363 having been given enough rope, literally hanged themselves. In other gardens green stakes were set at intervals (I noticed it in the case of gladioli and carnations especially) and strings carried from one stake to the other, leaving each plant hi the centre of a twine square, like chessmen imprisoned on the board. But the most terrible example of all was where either the owner or the gardener, for they were not one and the same, had purchased a quantity of half-inch pine strips at a lumber yard and proceeded to scatter them about his beds at random, regardless of height or suitability, very much as if some neighbour- ing Fourth of July celebration had showered the place with rocket sticks. If your young German has time in the intervals of tree- planting and trellis- making, get him to trim some of the cedars of a diameter of two or three inches and stack them away for Dahlia poles. Next season you will become a victim of these gorgeous velvet flowers, I foresee, especially as I have fully a barrel of the "potatoes" of some very handsome varieties to bestow upon you. Make the most of Meyer, for he will probably grow melancholy as soon as cool weather sets in and he thinks of winter evenings and a sweetheart he has left in the fatherland ! 364 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I We have had several Germans and they all had lieber schatz, for jealousy or the scorn of whom they had left home, were for the same reason loath to stay away from it, and at the same time, owing to contending emotions, were unable to work so that they might return. Are you not thinking about returning to your indoor bed and board again? With warm weather I fly out of the door as a second nature, but with a smart promise of frost I turn about again and everything — furniture, pictures, books, and the dear people them- selves — seems refreshingly new and wholly lovable ! If you are thinking of making out a book list of your needs as an answer to your mother's or your "in- law's" query, "What do you want for Christmas?" write at the beginning — Bailey's Cyclopedia of American Horticulture, in red ink. Lavinia and Martin Cortright gave it to us last Christmas, the clearly printed first edition on substantial paper in four thick volumes, mind you, and it is the referee and court of appeals of the Garden, You, and I in general and myself in particular. Not only will it tell you everything that you wish or ought to know, but do it completely and truthfully. In short it is the perfect antidote to Garden Goozk! XIX PANDORA'S CHEST (Mary Penrose to Barbara Campbell) Woodridge, October 10. Nearly a month of pen silence on my part, during which I have felt many times as if I must go from one to another of our chosen trees in the river woods and shake the leaves down so that the transplanting might proceed forthwith, lest the early winter that Amos Opie predicts both by a goose bone and certain symptoms of his own shall overtake us. Be this as it may, the leaves thus far prefer their airy quarters to huddling upon the damp ground. However, there is another reason for haste more urgent than the fear of frost — the melancholy vein that you predicted we should find in Meyer is fast developing, and as we wish to have him leave us in a perfectly natural way, we think it best that his stay shall not be prolonged. At first he seemed not only absorbed by his work and to enjoy the garden and especially the river woods, but the trees and water rushing by. 365 366 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I A week ago a change came over him; he became morose and silent, and yesterday when I was admiring, half aloud, the reflection of a beautiful scarlet oak mirrored in the still backwater of the river, he paused in the kneeling position in which he was loosening the grasp of a white flowering dogwood, and first throw- ing out his arms and then beating his chest with them, exclaimed — "Other good have trees and water than for the eye to see; they can surely hang and drown the man the heart of whom holds much sorrow, and that man is I!" Of course I knew that it was something a little out of the ordinary state of affairs that had sent a man of his capability to tramp about as a vagrant sort of labourer, but I had no previous idea that melancholy had taken such a grip upon him. Much do I prefer Larry, with periods of hilarity ending in peaceful "shlape." Certain peoples have their peculiar racial characteristics, but after all, love of an occasional drink seems a more natural proposition than a tendency to suicide, while as to the relative value of the labour itself, that is always an individual not a racial matter. I too am feeling the domestic lure of cooler weather. All the day I wish to be in the open, but when the earlier twilight closes in, the house, with its lamps, PANDORA'S CHEST 367 hearth fires, and voices, weaves a new spell about me, though having once opened wide the door of outdoors it can never be closed. Do you remember the Masque of Pandora, and the mysterious chest ? "Pandora Hast thou never Lifted the lid? Epimetheus The oracle forbids. Safely concealed there from all mortal eyes Forever sleeps the secret of the Gods. Seek not to know what they have hidden from thee Till they themselves reveal it." Bart was reading it aloud to me last night. Prose read aloud always frets me, because one's mind travels so much faster than the spoken words and arrives at the conclusion, even if not always the right one, long before the printed climax is reached; but with good poetry it is different — the thoughts are so crystallized that the sound of a melodious voice liberates them more swiftly. Verily Pandora's Chest has been opened this season here in the garden; the gods were evidently not un- willing and turned the lock for me, though perhaps 368 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I I have thrown back the cover too rashly, for out has flown, instead of dire disaster, ambition in a flock of winged ideals, hopes, and wishes masquerading cleverly as necessities, that will keep me alert in trying to overtake and capture them all my life long. Last night, once again comfortably settled in the den, we took inventory of the season's doings, and un- like most ventures, find there is nothing to write upon the nether page that records loss. Of the money set aside for the improvement of the knoll half yet remains, allowing for the finishing of the tree transplanting. Into this remainder we are preparing to tuck the filling for the rose bed, a goodly store of lily bulbs, some flowering shrubs, an openwork wire fence to be a vine-covered screen betwixt us and the road, instead of the broken rattling pickets, a new harness for Romeo to wear when he returns home, as a thank offering for his comfortable services (really the bridle of the old one is quite scratched to bits upon the various trees and rough fence rails to which he has been tethered), and last of all, what do you think? Three guesses may be easily wasted without hitting the mark, for instead of, as we expected, tearing down the old barn, our summer camp, we are going to remodel it to be a permanent outdoor shelter. It is to . have a wide PANDORA'S CHEST 369 chimney and fireplace at one end, before which our beds may be drawn campfire fashion if it is too cool, and adjustable shutters so that it may be either merely a roof or a fairly substantial cabin and at all possible seasons a study and playroom for us all. Then too we shall overlook "Maria Maxwell's Experiment," as Bart calls her scheme of running the Opal Farm. We were heartily glad to know that she had leased and not bought it, but we were much surprised to learn, first through the village paper, and not the man and woman concerned, that "Mr. Ross Blake, the engineer in charge of the construction of the new res- ervoir, believing in the future of the real- estate boom in Woodridge (we didn 't know there was one), has recently purchased the Amos Opie farm as an investment, the deed being to-day recorded in the town house. He has already leased it for a young ladies' seminary, pending its remodelling, for which he himself is drawing the plans." Dear Man from Everywhere! much as I like Maria, I think he would be the more restful neighbour of the two. What a complete couple they might have made, but that is a bit of drift thought that I have put out of my head, for if any two people ever had a chance this summer to fall in love if they had the capacity, 370 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I it was Maria and The Man, and the strange part of it is that as far as may be known neither is nourishing the sentiment of a melancholy past and no other present man or woman stands between; perhaps it is some uncanny Opal spell that stays them. Yet even as it is, in this farm restoration both are unconsciously preparing to take a peep into Pandora's Chest full of the unknown, so let us hope the gods are willing. Hallowe'en. The Infant and Anastasia, her memo- ries revived by Larry's voluble and personally adapted folk-lore, are preparing all sorts of traps and feasts for good luck and fairies, while Lady Lazy is content to look at the log fire and plan for putting the garden to sleep. Yesterday I finished taking up my collection of peonies, Iris, and hardy chrysan- themums that had been "promised" at various farm gardens beyond the river woods, and duly cleared off my indebtednesses for the same with a varied assort- ment of articles ranging from gladioli bulbs, which seem to multiply by cube root here, to a pair of curl- ing tongs, an article long coveted by a simple-minded woman of more than middle age, for the resuscita- tion of her Sunday front locks, and which though willing to acquire by barter she, as a deacon's wife, PANDORA'S CHEST 371 had a prejudice against buying openly over the counter. Meyer has gone, having relapsed into compara- tive cheerfulness a few days before his departure on the receipt of a bulky letter which, in spite of the wear and tear of travel, remained heavily scented, coupled with Bart's assurance that he could remain in America another four weeks and still be at a certain Baltic town of an unpronounceable name in time for Christ- mas. In spite of heavy frosts my pansies are a daily cheer, but it is really of no use for even the flowers of very hardy plants to struggle on against nature's decree of a winter sleeping time; the wild animals all come more or less under its spell, and the dogs, the nearest creatures of all to man, as soon as snow covers the ground and they have their experience of ice- cut feet, drowse as near the fire as possible and in case of a stove almost under it. I wonder if nature did not intend that we also should have at least a half-drowsy brooding time, instead of making the cold season so often a period of stress and strain and short days stretched into long nights. If so, we have taken the responsibility of acting for ourselves, of flying in nature's face in this as in many other ways. 372 THE GARDEN, YOU, AND I Does it ever seem to you strange that our con- trariness began within the year of our legendary creation, when Eve came to misery not by gazing in a bonnet shop, but when innocently wandering in her garden, the most beautiful of earth ? By which we women gardeners should all take warning, for though the Tree of Life may be found in every garden, " Yet sin and sorrow's pedigree Spring from a garden and a tree." December 10. Snow a month earlier than last year, but we rejoice in it, for it will keep the winds from the roots of the trees not yet wholly settled and comfort- able in their new homes. The young hemlocks are bewitching in their wreaths and garlands, and one or two older trees give warmth to the woods beyond the Opal Farm and sweep the low, snow-covered meadow, that looks like a crystal lake, with their feathery branches. The cedars were beautiful in the May woods and so are they now, where I see them through the gap standing sentinels against the white of the brush lot. It seems to me that we cannot have too many evergreens any more than we can have too much cheerfulness. There are no paths hi the garden now, a hint that our feet must travel elsewhere for a time, and I PANDORA'S CHEST 373 confess that Lady Lazy has not yet redeemed herself, and at present likes her feet to fall upon soft rugs. The Infant's gray squirrels, Punch and Judy, and the persistent sparrows have found their way to the house, taking their daily rations from the roof of the shed. Punch, stuffed to repletion, has a cache under the old syringa bushes, the sparrows seeming to escort him in his travels to and fro, but whether for compan- ionship or in hope of gain, who can say? The plans for the remodelling of Opal Farm-house are really very attractive and yet it will be delight- fully simple to care for. Maria and The Man have agreed better about them than over anything I have ever heard them discuss ; but then, as it is purely a business arrangement, I suppose that Maria feels free from her usual pernickety restraint. We surmise that either she has much more laid by than we supposed or she is waxing extrava- gant, for she has had the opal, that The Man gave her once in exchange for an old coin, surrounded with very good diamonds and set as a ring ! Really I never before noticed what fine strong white hands she has. I shall ask Father Penrose for the Cyclopedia — it has a substantial sound that may soften his suspicion that we are not practical and were not properly grieved over the loss of the hens ! XX EPILOGUE (DICTATED) Woodridge, January 3. In the face of circum- stances that prevent my holding the pen in my own hand, I am resolved that the first chronicle of the New Year shall be mine, — for by me it has sent The Gar- den, You, and I a new member and our own garden a new tree, an oak we hope. The Infant is exultant at the evident and direct result of her dealings with the fairies, and keeps a plate of astonishing goodies by the nursery hearth fire; these, if the fairies do not feast upon personally, are appre- ciated by their horses, the mice. His name is John Bartram Penrose, a good one to conjure with gardenwise, though he is no kin to the original. He has fresh- air lungs, and if he does not wax strong of limb and develop into a naturalist of some sort, he cannot blame his parents or their garden vacation. MARY PENROSE, her ^ mark. 374 ' PUNCH . . . HAS A CACHE UNDER THE OLD SYRINGA BUSHES." i s Id K si?lifi!f S 2 or^ „ * ^ 5 •§ ?l5g!e|§t1 rto -i^O^fe il^flll-! 1 I'slw.liifi o !!|i! liiiit Si J 8 ?JS B-l1 I^sra -$i 1 J8 1 S 2 1 „ sll 111 s-gL-s^s-f Q I C u G ^0 1 d S a cti d S 1 1 •a § j? 3 •^* 3 *3 j 8 g3 § ? 13 J3 D •3.2J I 1 a < PH" ed "§ as Dd -i- PH ffi 13 z 0^ i s «< if il 5 1 i II «| So c rt ^ S c ju rt Ji ^ 1 ^ £ cl 1 IcSl SI II ^! i 1 T! •£ JJ e j, .JL, 4! ""rt > §3 ||||||| (S "gS8 1 ""S^MM | ja 2 'So « ^2 EJ° at* s I* • 1 A sturdy plant eit massing or as a bi sunny shrubberies ers carried on lor suitable for cuttin ^Illf^-i S ^r -° g- 9 fill 111 g tG 8 -X rt W)3 o give a second croj tober. 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I f ll w B JH 3 •'S 6 % c ill It ill > Q u <: s t hlllijf . - J1" 4j S^^ g § « C X la ~'« si o,1^ rl«5rlis 1! lllll S'^'S §3 o •- N W WCflO fe BY THE SAME AUTHOR THE WOMAN ERRANT BEING SOME CHAPTERS FROM THE WONDER BOOK OF BARBARA With Illustrations by Will Crete Cloth 1 2 mo $1.50 " The sociology of the book is sound and clever. ... ' The Woman Errant ' is a bright, inspiring book, and deserves to be read by all who have wit enough to grasp ideas levelled at shams and follies." — New York Evening Sun. "This clear-visioned writer, calmly surveying life from the wholesome vantage ground of a modest, contented suburban home, is not merely enter- taining each year a growing number of appreciative readers, but she is inculcating in her own incisive way much of that same wise and simple philosophy of life that forms the enduring charm of the essays of Charles Wagner." — New York Globe and Commercial Advertiser. " Barbara, whoever that delightful and gentle humorist is, never loses her temper or becomes bitter; the rapier glances in and out, the light of fancy playing upon its steel, but every thrust tells." — New York Sun. " Barbara has a kindly humor, a racy way of putting things, and occa- sionally a touch of unaffected pathos." — Providence Journal. " A mine of quaint fancies and unexpected turns of wit." — Chicago Tribune " Full of snap and go and very entertaining." — Boston Herald. " Barbara is always fresh and delightful, compelling the reader to breathe the big spaces out of doors." — New York Times. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY Q±-QQ FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK BY THE SAME AUTHOR People of the Whirlpool FROM THE EXPERIENCE BOOK OF A COMMUTER'S WIFE With Eight Full-page Illustrations Cloth 12mo $1.50 " It cannot be that all the life which is grouped about the garden is fiction; there must be some background of reality somewhere; the story is too vital, too full of realism, too true to the life to be entirely a work of imagination. . . . The book is delightful in several ways; its prose style is sunny, optimistic, thoroughly happy in its philosophy of life, in its wit and humor, and the fidelity of its portraiture. All together it is a most charming volume." _ Brooklyn Eagle^ " The whole book is delicious, with its wise and kindly humor, its just perspections of the true values of things, its clever pen pictures of people and customs, and its healthy optimism for the great world in general." — Philadelphia Telegraph. "It is peculiar in treatment, very quaint in style, and refreshingly original in every detail. ... It will be thoroughly liked by the judges of what is best." -Buffalo Commercial. "They who have read 'The Garden of a Commuter's Wife' know what to expect in this, ' The Experience Book ' of Jthe same delightful Barbara, but to the uninitiated who light upon the book without preconceived ' notions ' of what it is, it will come with a double note of delight." — New York Times. The Macmillan Company 64-66 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK BY THE SAME AUTHOR THE GARDEN OF A COMMUTER'S WIFE RECORDED BY THE GARDENER With Eight Photogravure Illustrations Cloth. I2mo. $1.50 "'The Garden of a Commuter's Wife' is a legend that gives no hint of the wit and wisdom and graceful phrase within its covers. The Com- muter's charming woman writes of her suburban garden, her original ser- vants, and various other incidents which come in the course of living in a thoroughly human way. She reminds one of Elizabeth of ' German Gar- den ' fame in more ways than one, but being American she is broader, more versatile and humorous, if not also more poetic. It breathes an air of cheery companionship, of flowers, birds, all nature, and the warm affection of human friendship. Its philosophy is wholesome, unselfish, and kindly, and the Commuter's Wife, who writes her own memoirs, is one we would be glad to number among our friends." — Chicago Post. " By the inevitable action and reaction so interesting to watch, these books will undoubtedly in their term stimulate many a woman who pos- sesses a small plot of ground, the charms and possibilities of which she now only meagrely appreciates, to ' go and do likewise.' Which will be an excellent thing for the woman herself, as well as for the professional gardeners whom our new schools will raise up to pull their dilettante sisters out of bogs." — Boston Budget. "In brief, the book is delightfully sketchy and chatty, thoroughly feminine and entrancing. The writer represents herself as a doctor's daughter in a country town, who has married an Englishman, and after two years abroad has come home to live. Both husband and wife prefer the country to the city, and they make of their modes' estate a mundane paradise of which it is a privilege to have a glimpse. Surely it is no exaggeration to characterize this as one of the very best books of the holiday season thus far." — Providence Journal. " It is written with charm and is more than a mere treatise on what may be raised in the small lot of the suburban resident. " The author has not only learned to appreciate nature from intimate association, but has achieved unusual power of communicating these facts to others. There is something unusually attractive about the book." — The Philadelphia Inquirer. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 64-66 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK By the Same Author AT THE SIGN OF THE FOX By " BARBARA" With Frontispiece in Colors Cloth i2mo $1.50 " Her little pictures of country life are fragrant with a genuine love of nature, and there is fun as genuine in her notes on rural character. A travelling pieman is one of her most lovable personages ; another is Tatters, a dog, who is humanly winsome and wise, and will not soon be forgotten by the reader of this very entertaining book." — New York Tribune. "... is" the story of the plucky daughter of a country-bred New Yorker of affairs and a Brooke of Virginia, ... a lovable girl, full of both romance and common sense. ... It is an admirable book for the summer season or any other." — Boston Daily Advertiser. "This story possesses, in common with its delightful predecessors, 'The Garden of a Commuter's Wife' and 'The People of the Whirlpool,' the charm of freshness, genuine love of a wholesome and simple life, keen appreciation of the joys of out-of-doors, a gentle and sound sense of humor, and true perception of character." — Louisville Times. " In skilful portrayal of types, in sharp but smiling shafts at the foibles and artificialities of modern society, in a rarely delicate humor, in a whole- some love of out-of-doors and all God's creatures, human or unhuman, and, above all, in the gentle preachment of a very sane and beautiful philosophy, — in all the qualities, in short, that make the charm and excellence of ' Barbara's ' other books, her new one will not be found wanting." — New York Globe. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 64-66 Fifth Avenue, New York H-55 0)8 THE LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW. if*