MM 4A | tog d AMI, dM TEM TENDIT PAP mr AR u or í nn N "UE | » M Uu n B M P. MA ato TERME eh ^ pr som NET, Wa LENIN E E i S NN / RA an M i) Au NET "E I t "x MEI m b "e 2d " NES. JM »" "UN, MJ PER M MIL NL. MALUNT, P TREE um n Hu Tur E » E rodeo E. an Le us ALORS f, CE j Ar 214 19 a m 7 M. E kr AE fut "Hin , ] T QUY Ren ADU MPH LEAST: ERA Ne uu *,) A | AY LIP ! LY i wi 10» y ICT AP S ! ; 1 "A ? 1 L nit US vem ! Uf à 4 Sf T^ PM I j DL d j UE ED. ^ za ( ^n ! Jj n J p A ] 4 un UEM ' TAL ) TS : Am h T i» V TA I J JN, | p N j | B n e MW í r i E 1 L) LA "n I M " : XT 1 U ! T l M l j B. n " ] i I ] [i li P». ibi 1 1 Ui [ r j ] T ] | uu N D ij Pt AY , 1 M I , 2M 7 w Vf l GENERA ÍNSECTORUM FASC. CXXIX-CXXXIV "uU b , mm - Y , 1 ud T r "A I " 3 | n Dm | | | ] ! TE ] j 11 ! ' u M 3 D 1 ! , ] E * ! E Y ; , LI - " * | M L ] - j Í L ' Tesecls (GENERA NSECTORUM PUBLIÉS PAR P. WYTSMAN FASCICULES CXXIX-CXXXIV 129. Lepidoptera Heterocera, Fam. Geometridz, Subfam. Hemitheinz, par L. B. PRovr. 13o. Coleoptera, Fam Curculionidze, Subfam. Apionine par H. WAGNER. 131. Orthoptera, Fam. Locustidze, Subfam. Listroscelinz,, par H. KAnNv. 132. Lepidoptera Heterocera, Fam. Micropterygidz, par E. MrEvnicK. 133. Lepidoptera Heterocera, Fam. Adelid:ze, par E. MEvnick. 134. Coleoptera, Fam. Carabidz, Subfam. Notiophilinz, par. P. DuPurs. BRUXELLES WBVERTENEUIEC& LE. DESMET IMPRIMEURS-ÉDITEURS IQIÀ IJ QL 68 . wer CAE Fasc, 29 - eb LEPIDOPTERA FAM. GEOMETRID/E SUBFAM. HEMITHEIN/E $4 DOA LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA FAM. GEOMETRID/E SUBFAM. HEMITHEINZE by Louis B. PROUT WITH 5 COLOURED PLATES Hemitheidae. Bruand, Mém. Soc. Emul. Doubs, Vol. 2 (2), p. 68 (1846). Terpnae. Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 285 (1826 ?) 1). Geometridi. Guenée, Duponchel's Cat.: Méth. Lép. Eur. p. 223 (1845) (nec Geometrida, sect. typ., Leach, Edinb. Encycl. Vol. 9 (1), p. 134). Timandridi (part.). Stephens, List Brit. Anim. Brit. Mus. Vol. 5, p. 225 (1850). Geometridae. Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 332 (1858). Hazidae. Guenée, ibidem, Vol. ro, p. 188 (1858). Geometrinae. Packard, Mon. Geom. U. S. A. p. 366 (1876). Euschemidae. Butler, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 6, p. 48 (1886). Nemoriinas. Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf., Halle, Vol. 49, p. 309 (1887). Nemorinae, Gumppenberg, ibidem, p. 340 (1887); Vol. 64, p. 455 (1895). Geometridae (part.). Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 835 (1888). Pseudoterpninae. Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 349 (1893). Dysphaniinae. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. ro (1898). Hemitheinae. Prout, Wytsman's Gen. Ins. Fasc. 103, p. ro (19ro). This subfamily has been very generally known by the name of Geometrinae, which, as we have shown in our Introduction, is untenable for it, Duponchel's « Chlorochromites », published as a substitute for Guenée's Geometridi, was not latinized; moreover the generic name CAlorochroma, on 1) Founded on an invalid Tentamen name, See our Introduction (Gexera /nsectorum, Fasc. 103), p. 2, 3- 2 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA which it was founded, is an absolute synonym of Henmithea. Hemitheinae, ex Bruand (1846), is therefore certainly its correct appellation. The subfamily is evidently on the whole a very-natural one, although we have allowed it to include a few doubtful forms (ProtopAyta, Turner, Cacochloris, Prout, etc.), its least specialized (ProtopAyta, in any case) being almost as susceptible of being placed among the heterogeneous QEmochrominae. In working out the classification we have been incalculably assisted by the work of Dr. A. Jefferis Turner, with whom we were in constant correspondence during the progress of his revision of the Australian genera, since published in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Vol. 35, pp- 555-653 (1910). Previous classifications had been based chiefly on the antenna, tibial armature, dorsal crests and venation, all of which furnish useful characters, but none, so far as can be ascertained, a consistent scheme. The gradual, progressive obsolescence of the frenulum, though of course it had not been entirely overlooked, had not been systematically consulted; but it is this which forms the foundation of Dr Turner's revision. The Australian fauna, comprising all the most archaic forms and at the same time some of the most highly specialized (e. g. Cemochlora, Warren), furnishes excellent material for obtaining an insight into the general lines of evolution, and we have made use of the basis with which Turner has furnished us. At the same time, its application is not without difficulties. The fact that the organ differs in the sexes, and that its atrophy is not always concurrent in both, would probably bring its employment into disfavour with extremists who admit no sexual character as even generic. But still more, the fact that it results in (roughly) 4orizontal sections from the genealogical tree places it somewhat out of harmony with the ideal principle of natural classification (which would take vertical sections, or, rather, would seek to cut off separate branches for « tribes ») and often necessitates our placing rather widely apart genera which are pretty clearly in an almost direct line of descent, such as the interesting group of genera with characteristic palpal and genitalic structure and kindred larval specializations typified by Comibaena, Hübner (with frenulum present) and EucAloris, Hübner (ífrenulum absent). Dr. Turner, with his usual acumen, has fully recognized these limitations of the system, and has in part compensated for the second by supplying a carefully thought-out genealogy of the Australian genera. This would be much complicated by the inclusion of the entire world's fauna, with its multiple ramifica- tions and interlacings and its many imperfectly known genera (especially African); and we have neces- sarily been content with the broadest general outlines, supplemented by occasional comments on obvious or pretty apparent relationships under the individual genera. Apart from the frenulum, the principal lines of specialization have been the loss of tongue, loss of metathoracic und abdominal crests, loss of median spurs of hindtibia, pectination of the Q antenna, shortening of the cells, with increased tendency to stalkings in the venation. The palpi are also very interesting and important, but specialize in divergent directions, and will probably require an exhaustive microscopical study before their taxonomic significance is fully understood ; in the African fauna, in particular, apparently near allies frequently show extreme differences in palpal length. None, however, of these characters has shown nearly such regular progress as the frenulum ; and unfortunately the few which proceed uniformly in the two sexes (cresting, venation, etc.,) seem among the least adapted to a stable classification. Even excluding ProtopAyía, which must have escaped developing them, the crests begin to disappear in some obviously rather primitive forms, such as Eftfristis, Meyrick, yet are retained in some genera which show in other respects rather high specialization (e. g. Lasiochlora, Warren, Lophochorista, Warren, etc.), perhaps even in one where the frenulum has disappeared (see Lof/hostola, Prout). The venation is extremely inconstant in details, although its general course of evolution is as here indicated. SC? of the forewing only arises from the cell in a few very primitive genera, while the stalking of SC! is indicative of at least a moderate degree of specialization; with the exception of Ornithosbila (which we regard as high up in its group) it occurs in no genus with the Q frenulum EAM. GEOMETRIDZE 3 developed; and even in those with c frenulum persisting it scarcely ever appears except in conjunction with the migration of SC? to beyond SC? (the only exception being Comibaena, in which both SC! and SC? are in a state of flux); unfortunately, on the other hand, the exact position of SC! is variable even in many quite specialized genera, sometimes in close allies, occasionally in individuals of a single species. Similar remarks apply to the other stalkings, and although a survey of a large amount of material has shown them often to supply reliable generic characters, their use requires great caution and could not furnish higher groupings. The migration of SC? of forewing to beyond SC? is fixed in the RAomborista- group, the Hydaía-group and some others, and therefore very useful; but it is unreliable in a few genera. So, also, with certain peculiar conformations of the discocellulars, to be noticed in their places. Vein C of hindwing, on which Hulst bases his generic synopsis (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p. 312) follows, apparently rather unmethodically, vet not without yielding occasional useful clues, almost every course which is to be found anywhere among the Geometridae; its strong anastomosis with the cell (à la Larentiid) is certainly as a rule generic, and we have considered it to be almost always worth using as such in the present state of our knowledge; but it is possible that it mav ultimately break down over the closely allied genera Hydata and. ProAydata or even over the African Syndromodes or Collesis and one or two of their allies We have only allowed latitude in the single case of Hierochthonia, and there only as a temporary expedient to avoid the erection of a genus on a species of which only the 9 is yet known. Strange sports in venation are of occasional occurrence, and their possibility must be reckoned with in using a venational « key » or in defining a new genus on a single specimen (compare Warren on ANeurotoca, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 43). Generally, however, they are asymmetrical, and thus not liable to deceive. As a small contribution to teratology in venation, we here put on record the cases which have come under our notice in the course of our researches; the Comibaena-Euchloris-group seems rather liable to furnish them. Each record refers to a single specimen r). Anisozyga gavissima, Walker. Left forewing with C forked. Chyrysochloroma mecki, Warren (type specimen). Ditto. Racheospila erina, Dognin. Right hindwing with R? stalked with R!. Comibaena pustulata, Hufnagel. Right hindwing with small connecting bar between SC? and R! not far from their origin; left hindwing with rather long oblique additional vein from cell running into C. Comibaena delineata, Warren. Both forewings with R? well stalked with SC?-R! (SC! connate with that stalk), but on left wing R? separates from R! opposite departure of SC?5, while on right wing itis stalked with R! to considerably beyond that separation; further, in both forewings, R' is furcate well before termen. Microloxia herbaria, Hübner, var. (?) advolata, Eversmann. Left hindwing with cell narrowing distally, by deflexion of SC (which therefore becomes excessively remote from C); SC?, R! and R? connate from apex of cell. Microloxia indecretata, Walker. Left forewing with SC? long-stalked with R!, quite apart from SC?*, as in the Efiblemidae. Euchloris albocostaríia, Bremer. Both forewings ditto. Euchloris Plusiaria, Boisduval. Left forewing with C throwing out a spur costad opposite the disco- cellulars ; right forewing with SC! forked (two specimens, same time and place). Euchloris chlorophyllaria, Hedemann. Left forewing with R? stalked with R!. Euchloris quantula, Swinhoe, ab. elareosa, Swinhoe. Left forewing with SC* arising from SC? instead of from SC?, 1) See also Meyrick, Proc. Línn. Soc. IN. S. Ialdes (2), Vol. 2, p. 908, on a. « Z7ygocAroma » percoméftarta, Guenée, and iníra, p. 38, footnote. 4 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Aglossochloris fulminaria, Lederer. Left forewing with SC* long-stalked with R!, apart from SC?'. Aglossochloris fulminaria, Lederer. Left forewing with SC? short-stalked with SC! instead of with SC?^; right hindwing with SC? and R! connected by a short bar. Neurotoca. nolata, Warren (the type). Both hindwings with R! throwing off a short oblique branch posteriorly. Comostola nympha, Butler. Left hindwing with R! furcate. Comostola maculata, Moore. Left hindwing with R? furcate. Comostola ovifera, Warren. Right hindwing with an oblique bar from middle of DC*? to stalk of SC*- R!, R! furcate, the posterior arm of the fork meeting R* (which is curved) at termen; left hindwing with SC? furcate, R! making a costad curve and throwing out a curved branch posteriorly, which nearly rejoins the main vein, suggesting an elongate loop. In connection with the question of venation may be mentioned that of wing-shape. Inasmuch as the veins at the wing-margins, whose course determines the shape, are evidently the first which must vary in response to certain environmental changes they are, as a rule. even less to be relied on than the other veins; nevertheless experience has shown that really wide differences of shape have seldom appeared in evidently close allies, and we have therefore recognized genera in several cases on this character. At the same time, the presence of a slight angulation of the termen of the hindwing at R? is often clearly non-significant, though it has resulted in the placing, by systematists, of a good many very obvious species of Prasinocyma in. T halassodes. We have made much use of the tibial armature, and it is very seldom indeed that is has failed to assist generic differentiation. The genera Uliocnemis, Culpinta, Chrysochloroma, Qzuospila, Episothalma, Diplodesma and Aglossochloris of the Old World, and Rodochlora, Tachychlora. and. Tachyphyle of the Neotropical Region alone seem inclined to give any trouble on this score — whether through individual or generic inconstancy, or intergradation towards allied genera. But there are also certain other genera — the Hemilhea group at least — in which the armature varies with the sex, and where it is conse- quently needful to know both sexes in order to assign the species to its right generic position. The cf antenna shows, as a rule, considerable stability, and there seems rarely any objection to using it as of generic value in this group, as Dr. Turner has done; sometimes not merely the presence of the pectinations, but even their approximate length has become well fixed, as for instance in the case of the usually very long pectinations of Comibaena, etc.,or the usually quite short ones of Nemoria (A Plodes), Racheosbila, etc. The Q antenna is less dependable, truly pectinate antennce and merely dentate or almost simple sometimes occurring side by side in quite nearly related species; but it, too, has attained stability in DysPAania, in most of the Oospila-group of the Neotropical Region, etc. Even the cf antenna cannot be used as generic in quite every case; see the following genera : ZEolochroma, Terpna, Bathy- colpodes, Omphax, Mixocera. General characters of the Subfamily. — Face almost always smooth or nearly so, rarely protuberant, extremely exceptionally with frontal tuft. Antenna often short, usually bipectinate in the c and frequently in the Q (see Fig. 8), never unipectinate; the pectinations rarely continued to the apex; the two series (especially when long) usually more or less strongly unequal in length. Hindtibia rarely aborted, but often with terminal spurs only ; c hindtibia not infrequently with elongate terminal process 1). Abdomen frequently crested; cf abdomen frequently with strong pencil of hairs just behind the basal abdominal cavity (see Fig. | 2, Oospila coerulea). Wings usually ample, never rudimentary 1) This is apparently of variable generic value, though persistent almost throughout the large genus Coptióaena, and very general in AÁacAeo- sbila, etc. See Fig. 10. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE I9 or wanting, in nearly all the specialized forms protectively assimilated to leaves, prevailing colour therefore green; termen of hindwing or of both wings frequently angled or irregular. Frenulum rarely very long or strong, but showing a strong tendency to progressive obsolescence; either (rz) fairly well developed in cf (see Fig. 1l) and consisting in Q of a moderate bunch of hairs (PI. 2, Fig. 14) 1); or (2) more or less short and weak in cf, arising from before a humeral dilation (Fig. 2), in Q wanting or vestigial; or (3) entirely wanting in both sexes, the humeral dilation stronger (Fig. 3). Both wings F1G. 1 ! Fic. 3 FiG. 2 Base of hindwing Base of hindwing l'ase of hindwing of Zerfna crocina, Butler, cG . of CAorocoma dicA/ora» ra, Guenée, c. of Zodts lactearia, Linné, c . with all the veins present 2), cells usually less than one-half the length of wing, frequently very short, discocellulars (or at least DC?) usually incurved, often very deeply, often very oblique posteriorly 3). Forewing with SC! arising near end of cell or stalked, free or anastomosing with C, or with C and SC?, rarely 4) with SC? only, never anastomosing with SC?; SC? scarcely ever 5) stalked with SC!, and oniy arising independently from the cell in the five most primitive genera, otherwise stalked with SC?9 with remarkable constancy, usually arising before, but sometimes after, SC*; SC*? always stalked, SC? very rarely 6) anastomosing with SC?; DC!, if present, nearly always very short and oblique, very frequently wanting, R! being stalked, or even long-stalked, with the subcostals; R? usually from above middle of discocellulars. Hindwing with humeral angle strong. expanding in proportion as the frenulum becomes reduced; C more variable than in the other subfamilies, normally free, but approximated to cell near base, diverging rapidly from before, or at latet at the middle of the cell; SC? usually stalked with R! (except in the earlier genera), R? neatly always from above, trequently from very much above the middle of the cell 7). The most characteristic features of the venation are the almost constant stalking of SC? of the forewing, the absolute absence of an areole, sens. str., i. e. such as results from anastomosis of SC! B 1) We have only found à really robust 9 frenulum in CAorodozutopera. 2) Except in CacocAorís uvidu/a and in the Acrortka section of Dz/odesua. 3) When DC? forms one continuous curve we have usually expressed it simply by « DC incurved »; occasionally, when the anterior part of the curve is very steep. we have added an indication that the cell is thereby « produced apically ». When DC? is approximately vertical (or in hindwing slightly inclined to be oblique outwards) and only IC? incurved, we have usually only specified the latter; only when the resultant angle at the base of R? is exceptionally strong lave we called particular attention to it. When these two discocellulars form independent inward curves, the angulation at R? is of course accentuated, and always worthy of attention (compare Or»tzéAospila, etc.). Another equally striking phase of angulation sometimes occurs, and needs distinguishing from the last-mentioned; this is where DC? becomes extremely oblique, so that the anterior extremity of DC? it considerably further from the base of the win; than that of DC? (See PI. 4, Fig. 175; we have indicated it by stating that « DC" arises distally to DC? ». 4) See our figured specimen of CAxysocAZoroma megaloplera, Pl. 3, Fig. 15. 5) Only, so far as is known, in CacocA/oris oc/trea and. Helicopage (?) cinere« and. sometimes — by obsolescence of its base — in ZZypodoxa deferiorata. he latter is probably of little importance; we have seen a specimen of the allied 7. »i«5scosar?a in which, by a similar basal obsolescence, SC! is made to arise out of C. 6) Only, so far as is known, in Zencestzes and sometimes MzxocAroa, Heltcopage (?) cinerea, Omp/tax bacoí? and RAhadinomphax divincía. Warren says also in ZZolecAroma (2) subrubelta. 7) Almost central in .Xe»rocAorodes and sometimes in O»tgZacodes, central in MixeopAanes. 6 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA with SC?, or of SC? (out of SC!) with SC? 1), and — in the hindwing especially — the point of origin of R?, above or much above the middle of the discocellulars. The specializations of vein C of the hindwing, of which we have already made mention as furnishing the groundwork of Hulst's synopsis, only arise in a few of the higher groups. They are not found in our first three groups, and only begin to appear accidentally, as it were, in our fourth (Agoschema, Agathiopsis, Vicloria, etc.), but the point-anastomosis (or point-appression) followed by rapid divergence becomes almost fixed in the Femit/ea-, Comostola- and Eucrostes-sections, leading to somewhat longer anastomosis in TAalera, Syuchlora and one or two others; while the strongest anast- omosis, although it has not vet attained a higher than generic significance, is found exclusively in our two highest groups, and nearly always in conjunction with other marks of advanced specialization : palpal or antennal modifications, loss of median spurs, stalking of SC! of forewing, etc. With the exception of the Australian and the Malayan (with New Guinea), it appears in all the principal faunistic regions, but it is the most prevalent in the "Ethiopian. It is very suggestive that it is the home of the most primitive genera which fails to provide this specialization, and that India, the home of Archaeobalbis and of most of our second, third and even fourth groups (of course excepting the Australian and Malayan), furnishes only a single instance of it, OmfAacodes directa, Walker. This handful of genera cannot possibly be confounded with the Laventiüinae if the rest of the venation be taken into account. As regards the conventional subfamily character, the position of R? of the hindwing, Turner well remarks (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 557) that its significance does not lie in its occurrence, but in its fixity. We have already noted it in certain QZwochrominae; it is characteristic in a few Acidaliinae (Asellodes, Guenée, etc.), and even in the entirely unrelated Larentiinae R? is at times somewhat nearer to R! than to R?. It is further interesting that the character is very marked in nearly all the lower groups in the Femitheinae, and that the very few in which its position is moderated — at last even almost central — belong to the highly specialized forms, as OmpAacodes, Xenochlorodes and. the ambiguous Mixeofhanes ; so that the character would appear to have reached its zenith in the early days of the evolutionary history of the subfamily, and to be now somewhat on the wane, at least in certain branches 2). The c genitalia have been too little studied to allow of many generalizations, though the species which have been investigated seem to show generally a satisfactory homogeneity. The « gnathos » is, with a few curious and apparently arbitrary exceptions, present; the penis is very generally « pestillate ». We are indebted for our knowledge of these parts exclusively to the researches of Rev. C. R. N. Burrows and Mr. F. N. Pierce, who provide the following glossary of terms supplemental to those employed in Pierce's « Genitalia of the Group Noctuide of the Lepidoptera of the British Islands » : Gnathos : the lower jaw of the mandibulate uncus (— « shark's jaw » of Chapman 3). Socii : the two organs which in some species lie alongside the uncus. Pestillate : shaped like a pestle (used of the penis). Corema (plural, coremata) : the extensile organ bearing a brush of long hairs, springing from the dorsal extremity of the e ghth abdominal segment and above the junction with the tegumen. 1) Warren GVovét, Zoof, Vol. 5. p. 13) uses the term « double areole » in diagnosing .Vzxoc/troa, and it could also be applied to Zezces£Aes; in these isolited cases there is no vital difference (apart from details of position) from the structure occurring in those genera of the Ac£a/itrae which have à double areole and SC? stalked (e. g. wacidaia, RAo fostrop/tia, part., etc.); but i any case they are of exceedingly exceptional occurence in the present subfami y. 1he origin of SC! much further proximally in the fcizaZiinae is still distinctive in such cases, and in them SC? anastomoses, with SC? at, or close to, the origin of SC*, whereas in the two Z/e»izAhzinae it anastomoses much later. 2) Meyrick (Proc. iun. Soc. JN. ,S. IVales (2), Vol. 2, p. 867), in diagnosing [Zerostis] Zulops argocrana, suvs ; « 5i— R3) equidistant between 4 and 6 ». but his single specimen must have been an aberration; in a series of seven which we have examined, we find this vein variable in position, but never actually central. 3) See Genera Insectorum, Fasc. 103, p. 6. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 7 Fused : united along a considerable portion of the lower inner edge, so as to prevent the opening of the harpes without the risk or certainty of rupture. Unless otherwise specified, the characterization given is always founded on the type species of the genus. . Afew words may be added on the differentiation of the Hemitkeinae from their nearest relatives, the Acidaliinae. One. distinction which Turner has considered « radical » is unfortunately inconstant, though generally helpful; namely. the wide separation of SC*^ at their base from R!. We have seen instances, at least in the variable ?Aodostrophia, where these are absolutely connate, and close approx- imation is not very rare. Without any reference to this, however, we have many criteria to apply. If SC? is from the cell and anastomoses with SC??, or if SC!? arise coincidently from the cell and anastomose with SC35, or even if SC? is stalked with SC?? provided SC!arises far from end of cell and the two anastomoses take place, than the species is certainly Acidaliine. If SC! is from the cell and fails to anastomose with SC? itis almost certainly Hemitheine; we know of no exception but Cleta, Duponchel, and one or two American species of Pychofoda, Stephens, both of which genera have almost all the other typical characteristics of the Acidaliinae, and could not perplex the systematist. If the five subcostals are stalked but arise in the order SCi?5-3-4, the genus is Hemitheine; if in the order SC»-12.54 ( Pleuroprucha, Móschler) it is Acidalüne. This only leaves room for doubt in the case of the few genera in which the order is SC15-23-4 ; Chrysocraspeda, Hampson, Oraithospila, Comibaena (part.), Argyrocosma, Dipludesma (part.), Lathochlora. Of these, only the first-named belongs to the Acidalünae, and this is amply attested, not only by the colour scheme, but by an ensemble of characters which would hardly be possible of combination in the Zemüeinae : frenulum fully developed, long (only found in generalized HemilAheinae), hindwing with C anastomosing at a point with cell (only found in specialized Hemitheinae), discocellulars straight, subcostal stalk arising much before end of cell, etc. An interesting generalization has further been offered by Hulst (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p- 247), which we have only checked on a few unrelated species taken at random from the two sub- families, and from differing faunas. but which we have thus far found valid. He observes, namely, that the Acidaliinae have the pectinations (when present) placed at the base of the segments, the H'emitheinae much further distad — he savs « at the top of the segments », but this requires modifying, as they are often about the middle. Early Stages. — These have been carefully and accurately studied in the case of some of the Pakearctic and Nearctic forms. and a basis is hereby provided for some useful generalizations. But there is still a deplorable lack of precise and detailed information concerning the other regions, including practically the entire area of distribution of our first three groups; from the very few intimations that are accessible, there is reason to suspect that they almost entirely lack the specializations which we associate with the more recent forms. An admirable series of life-histories by the Rev. C. R. N. Burrows is invaluable on the following species : Hzpfarckus fapilionaria, Linné (as Geometra, Ent. Record, Vol. 17, p. 200), Comibaena pustulaia, Hiufnagel (ibidem, Vol. 15, p. 171), Hemithea. aestivaria, Hübner (ibidem, Vol. 19, p. 234), CAlorissa viridata, l-inné (as Nemoria, ibidem, Vol. 20, p. 128) and EucAloris smaragdaria, Fabricius (as PAorodesma, ibidem, Vol. 12, p. 113). Some excellent larval descriptions by Dyar will also be noticed in their places. Egg elliptical, usually somewhat flattened above and below, often slightly truncate at the broader, micropylar end; pattern consisting of the normal hexagonal reticulation; size rather large compared with that of the moth. Larva generally rigid, rugose, granulated, without conspicu- ous protuberances, assimilated to small twigs, often wonderfully adaptive, the colour and scheme of protection varying according to the conditions of the food-plant; head usually bifid, first thoracic segment higher than the head, more or less produced anteriorly into two points. In the Comibaena-group, however (and some which do not obviously belong closely to that group, such as Syachlora), protected 8 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA in quite a different way, being furnished with an elaborate arrangement of special spine-bearing (or hook-bearing) processes whereby they clothe themselves with debris of the food. plant. Pupa more or less rugose, greenish or light-coloured, not subterranean nor enclosed in a strong cocoon, but merely spun by a few threads among leaves. See, however, ProfopAyta and Sterictobsis, to which will probably have to be added other archaic forms. Geographical distribution of species. Palcarctic and Nearctic (excepting the far north); Indo-Australian (strongly represented); /Ethiopian; Neotropical. Wanting in New Zealand, Hawaii and and probably numerous Pacific Islands and in the extreme south of South America; almost wanting in Chili. Distribution doubtless in part governed by the general attachment of the species to trees and advanced types of vegetation; perhaps on account of the absence of circumpolar representation, no forms common to the Palearctic and Nearctic Regions (a sharp contrast to the Larentiinae). Subdivision of the Subfamily, — As shown in our introductory remarks, the scheme of classification does not lend itself readily to the differentiation of clearly-defined Tribes. It would not, indeed, be difficult to isolate a few of the groups as such, notably the genera Dysbhania and. Cusuma (Dysphantinae, Warren) or the genera Uliocnemis, Comibaena, Euchloris, etc. (vide supra), but it seems inexpedient to depart from the general unity of plan for the sake of these few, inasmuch as the sequence of the vast residue would not in any way be assisted thereby. We merely indicate, for convenience of analysis, six groups, the last two of which are marked off by the specializations of the frenulum-develop- ment, while the first four are subdivisions of the group with frenulum complete, or nearly so, and are founded on (a) the point of origin of SC? of the forewing and () the nature of the response to environ- mental conditions and needs : i. e., the protective Aabitus. The last-named, which is mainly responsible for Warren's threefold division, DyspAaniinae, Pseudoterpninae, Geometrinae, may, or may not, prove natural. Dr. Turner thinks not, and believes Dysf/ania and one of the leaf-green genera (Gznochlora) to be quite closely related to the Pseudoterpninae; but as the great majority have certainly taken independent paths we consider that a convenient, even though possibly arbitrary, working arrangement may be obtained by recognizing them. The New World genera, which nearly all fall into our fourth and fifth groups, have certainly followed the same general course of evolution as these of the Old World, but the Q seems to have been on the whole more conservative of the frenulum, thus offering some examples of genera (Racheospila, Synchlora, etc.,) which are awkwardly on the border-line between the two groups named. For this reason, as well as on grounds of practical convenience, we provide a separate key to the New World genera, some of which, although differing sufficiently from their Old World relatives to render their fusion undesirable, are yet much more sharply-defined when compared with the other genera of their own fauna. The only two genera which are common to both hemispheres, of which one presents some curious problems of geographical distribution (viz. Eucrostes), are of course inserted in both keys. Unfortunately a few genera which seem likely to be valid are only known in the Q sex, or are otherwise quite imperfectly known. Where it seems reasonably safe to do so, these are introduced into the keys as accurately as circumstances will allow, though in one or two cases only by some super- ficial distinction such as that of coloration, which would not necessarily hold in the event of the discovery of species with similar coloration but differing structure. No key, however, can be made to cover possible future contingencies. The following are the only genera known to us which we have felt com- pelled to omit from the keys 1), and which must therefore be consulted separately, being here relegated to footnotes : CAloroparda, Lathochlora, Mesurodes, Rhomtochlora. 1) The entirely unknown genera ZesfograéZza, Hübner, and .XenocAt/aena, Lower, are not placed in tlie body of our work at all, but merely referred to at the end. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 9 KEY TO THE GENERA A. — Old World Genera The.following preliminary key, though rather cumbrous in one or two places, is adapted to coincide as nearly as convenient with our six Groups, and so to allow of their being worked out in dichotomous tabulation subsequently. It is believed that this will in the net result be found an advantage, as the least sharply differentiated groups (Groups I1 and IV) can generally, with a very little experience, be quite readily separated by their facies, and the detailed keys resorted to immediately. I. Forewing with SC? arising separately from the cell . GmovP I. -Foreine «th. S C 2enobarisuesseparately from the.cell. c e o s TT 2 2. Hinduung without basal expansion 1), frenulum present in both sexes de ar Hiindwing with marked basal expansion, Q frenulum absent ov absolutely vestigial 40.0: E SISOLETUDITETUULI VI On zT NN. Ls s RR RE ce E c To ou vom ws IGROURS ILIO JSCPQDWRRSCADYL SAID. c 15 SU E RS RE NR n 4- 4. Hindtibia without median spurs 2) . Ac eno as H indtibia sth median sfurs.. . . . . . : $6) uvas uuo S RISE CORO 5. Abdomen very usually crested 3), build usually robust, Mtilong and UE dense; hindwing without tail or salient angle at. R9, SC? scarcely ever stalked ; brevailing coloration greys or moss greens, never leaf-gyeen ..— ..—. E n SX IL EE GROUPA Abdomen not crested, or, if so, hindwing angled or tailed at. R35 build seldom very vobust, scaling often smooth; hindwing with SC? oflen stalked; prevailing coloration. bright or light greens, usually assimilated do leaves... . 2. . . . . . . Gmoup IV. (s SILET FM e Lice S RE DECRE ROUPSVE OU enum ase JE EECROUPAVIIF It may be added that in Groups V and VI the abdomen is rarely crested, the build usually slender, median spurs often wanting, scaling usually smooth, termen of hindwing usually smooth or with a single angle or tail, SC! of forewing is at times stalked, C of hindwing often anastomoses with cell at a point, sometimes strongly. Group I I. Thorax and abdomen mot cvested. 2. . 2. . . I. Genus Pnororuvra, Turner. PAD gdorenvatau0 d WT LORWET RESI ao rm 2 2. T'hovax strongly. cvested ; cy antenna bipestinale -.— . 2 2 o. 0. 0. . 9 4 "d ROCHE PEST Tioraz not or only sghtLy crested.z cy antenna simple 3. 2 202 2. 4 9. 99 9 9 o d. Sho elio een DEVIATSXOE Te n 3 B B SEO TOT 4. Genus SrEnICcTOPSIs, Warren. VEIT ED DIES TWIANSNO E SOIL 6 8 — O1 OT BT TORRE 2. Genus Hzrrowuvsris, Meyrick. 4. Abdominal crests very strong; hindwing with C. closely approximated to cell to beyond one-half. . . . 3. Genus Ruuwa, Walker. Abdominal cresis small ; hindwing with. C. diverging well 2 AULA T p RS a 12 SU BI DNEPEEOSS MEE 5. Genus ARCHAEOBALBIS, nov. gen., Prout. 1) Except in 44720Zasméa, which has strong 9 frenulum, and very slightly in Pserudotexbnza, which has moderately long, though very meagre Q frenulum. 2) There are only four known Old World genera with complete frenulum and only two spurs, namely CxypsipAona, Synclysmns, Xenochroma and GzepAosema, all of which we refer high up in Group II ; but as the three last are rather anomalous, and little known, we have called special attention to them. In Group IV, so far as is known, the median spurs are invariably present. 3) Not crested in A /odas»a, and not or only slightly in /ZerocAxoma, Actenzocihroma and. gzgristis., IO LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Group Il TOUEndiibiawni tuos Durs RE PE Cc -Hindhiia will: fourisburS ue ete M UR ET m LT E: 2. Tongue well developed... . . . . . . . -. . 20. Genus CnypsireRoNA, Meyrick. JTioneue wantutg or rudimentary 2 e. D ERR SNVADA Om ENS CHEST AS GIO BT ONE TUTITOOHOT T OT E Um c MO Abdomen nol crested ; SC? of forewing stalked to beyond SC». 25. Genus GNOPHOSEMA, nov. gen., Prout. 4. Head vough-scaled .— . . . 4. 2... . . — 21. Genus SyNcLyswus, Butler. Head mormal. 5 vo e o s» s» 22. Genus XENOCHROMA,; Warren: 5. Hindwing with slight basal expansion, Q frenulum some- UTILE EE UE ea Iis PII REEL C us c d Hindwing wiüthout basal expansion, Q frenulum well destlobid e v s T NES Res RT RE MESRINE A V mm ESXI-, Wd X4 PORE 6. Abdomen cresled ; cy, antenna bipectinate. . . . . . 23. Genus PsEuporERPNa, Hübner. Abdomen not crested ; cy antenna not bipectinate. — .— .—. 24. Genus Aropaswra, Turner. ZIXUNOnpte ATUGTITVI C, E Qr EINE EE MM II. Genus MiMaNDn1a, Swinhoe. dTonpueydzueloDcd qe EE RU Eur 8. 8. Head with hood projectig above face... . . . . x18. Genus CvNEOTERPNA, Prout. Head without hood . . . MV Dc? E DERI IER NET UE de 9. Metathorax with very strongly developed cest... . . — x7. Genus DizNp1ca, Moore, IMelatkhonax not; coy Tat mospiquaze tnodeyateLy crested- m T MEET TO End Vo iA TH TSLO HIS SUALES E WU T CLE NS NO LUININES IET oot AoWE Tufts ofiTawstusscales E T M MEUTIE II. Hindwing with cell short, scale-tuft at its end. .. . . . | x2. Genus PriNGasa, Moore. Hindwing with. cell normal, scale-tuft before its end... ..— 13. Genus Hvropoxa, nov. gen., Prout. r2. Hindwing with C approximated to cell to at least one-half. — 19. Genus SPuaGNoDELa, Warren. Tine eunt diueypang? Uefore one-half e E ES 13. Pectus densely hairy; femora usually hairy; hindwing with. G approximated to:cell for.somedislance x) S e UU. Pectus not densely hairy ; femora almost glabrous ; hindwing will. C approximated to cell at point only near base... — 10. Genus ErrenisrIs, Meyrick. 4. Abdominal crests vudimentary or wanting... P S 9 $9 9 o9 SS ERR: Abdomsial.crestsi developed ;— o ET SESTO UE c as dETEIUOECNEDRLILINMI 15. Hindwing normally shaped ; Cy hindtibia without process . 8. Genus AcrENocHROMA, Warren. Hindwing not normally shaped ; ct hindtibia with teyminal DYOness- x Rte E e uad e p MET MEC 7. Genus HERocunoMa, Swinhoe. 16. Frons nearly always strongly rotuberant 2) ; femora (espe- cially fandfemur) densely !havyy e RE E E EM MU Frons not strongly rotuberyant ; femora glabrous ov (hind- femur) slightly ov quite moderately hairy 3). 45 4s 4 404 sos SE SUISEREBA 17. Qf antenna simple ; forewing with SC! anastomosing with C and SC? ; hindwing with termen strongly crenate .— . 6. Genus NEonaLBis, nov. gen., Prout. 1) But see Orf/Atocrasgeda . 2) Less so in Zergza picíaria and »reozt0ma., 3) More so in a few .Meta/I»ZopAia. FAM. GEOMETRID/E II cf antenna nearly always. bipectinate ; forewing with. SC1 almost always free ; hindwing with teymen less crenate ..— 16. Genus TEnPNA, Herrich-Scháffer. 18. Forewing with termen almost vertical anteriorly ; abdominal cresls moderate; Q. palpus with third jomt long. ..— . 9 Forewing with termen strongly oblique antertorly ; abdominal fs e . Genus ORTHOCRASPEDA, nov. gen., Prout. crests usually strong; Q palpus with third joint not long... 4. 4 4 44e 04 0 0s 4 s. I9. 19. DC of forewing with angle (usually sharp) at origin of R? : cf antenna. dentate-ciliate ov pectinate; hindwing with inner margin noi elongate. .— . 2 2. . . I4 DC of forewing not angled at. R?; cf antenna. lamellate ; . Genus /EorocHROMA, nov. gen., Prout. hindwing with inner margin more or less elongate... — 15. Genus METALLOLOPH!A, Warren. Group III 1. Forewing (especially in cy) much. elongated ; fovea strong. — 26. Genus DvsPnawra, Hübner. Forewing normally shaped ; fovea not strong .. . . . . 27. Genus CUSUMA, Moore. Group IV . gf frenulum clubbed a( cxtremity ... . . . . . . /— 47. Genus Dioscong, Warren. C frenulum not clubbed. —.— . . . . 2. 2. Forewing wilh apex Jfalcate, temen otherwise smoot 97 Fovrewing with apex not falcate ov teymen not smooth 1). 5 ES ONERE 3. Palpus minule . 2. 2 0 s 0... . «4 2 . 493. Genus CHLOROZANCLA, nov. gen., Prout. Palpus moderate to long... . . , DW Tes NEA: 4. Third joint of palpus small... . . . . . . 41. Genus LiuBATOCHLAMYS, Rothschild. Third joint of palpus elongate... . . . . . . 42 Genus TANAORHINUS, Butler. 5. Forewing with SC? arisiug after SC9. . . "e . 6. Forewing with SC? arising before SC9 2)... . .-. : 6. Abdomen cresied; SC! of forewing from cell; DC of hindwing rather straight... . . s. 58. Genus OrisrHoT1A, Warren. Abdomen. not crested ; SC of forewing stalked ; DC of hindwing acutely angled.—.— . . . . . . . . — 48. Genus OnNrrHOSPILA, Guenée. 7. Hindwing wilh SC? stalked 3) . . . 8. Hindwing with SC? not stalked. .. , . . 22. Sanawe aM OY DESI Ta E re 9. IBoncueidenelo pru EL dr IO. 9. Palfus short to minute... 2... 2. . . — 56. Genus ARCHICHLORA, Warren (part.). Palpus moderate to long... 4... . . . — 55. Genus Vicrogia, Warren. MONZA, AA ICYESTEUN ROTE 54. Genus LoPHoMACHIA, nov. gen., Prout. Metatkhovax not crested ..— . . . . 2... IIl. nat APIH HAPUS dU o 8 0 78 m 8 9 B 12. Abdomen not crested..— .— . : e ite UERMGTAYSRTAHIIUS. S ES ISO xà (nr b LOT RRRERDER ERE. 56. Genus ARCHICHLORA, Warren (part.). 1) But see //iparchus smarag«dwus. 2) Except Osfeosemut |?) discata. 3) Sometimes connate in CAZvromacAta I2 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Crests small... . TES - . 39. Genus XENOZANCI.A, Warren. 13. Face tufled ; hindwing with dabis basal jan. - 49. Genus AroRANDR!A, Warren. Face not or scarcely tufled ; hindwing without subdiabhanous. basal. palch s. EE Mr te rl I4. 14. Flindwing with marked excision between Rand R^... — 36. Genus EuxkNa, Warren. Hiudwing without marked excision between R'aud R8... 4. 0. 2 0. 0. 0. 0. 0... . . . I5. 15. Wings blach, white marked... . 2... s. n 28. Genus AcoscHEMa, Prout. Wings green . : : i: ur c ES c LAU. Mss 16. gf antenna simple; Q ns vith h ihird joint log 1). . | 53. Genus CuronowMacHrA, Warren. Q* antenna bipectinate ; Q. palfus usually with. third joint short t NS : 17. 17. Palpus with third joint BHO u. , NOR S 0 7EERBNE!R5S. S LINODOBESNS ED Palbus with ter joi shore cc c MEME V... WENN. SS ERE. I9. 18. Antenna rather long, in OQ not bipeclinale . . . . ., 5r. Genus ANrsozvGa, Prout. Antenna short, in Q bipectinate ..— ... 59. Genus OsrEosEwA, Warren (part.). 19. Hindwing with termen bent at RA, shortly loothed at R and roundly produced at lornus, M! separate... . . 57. Genus Curomoprs, Guenée. Hindwing not so shaped, M! stalked , SESESSU o. «o ORITUR E I ESO 20. Hindwing with DC strongly oblique . . . . . . . 52. Genus Eucvcropss, Warren. Hindwing with DC not strongly oblique . Gan MAC MEME LOUXCL S SI ce 21. Qf hindlibia dilated, with process; Q antenna simple - . 60. Genus OcunocNEsraA, Warren. Q* hindtibia simple; Q antenna bipectinate .. . . . 59. Genus OsrEosEMa, Warren (part.). 22. Palfus short. QUT EE oes es e. 5. 5. . 388. Genus AnaciMA, Butler. Palpus moderate to long CUCMEIOES NU FO. ww 5 coNMDBBIRENECOR DESEAS. 23. Anulenna in cy simple. See ric Antenna in cC bipectinate . : E NOS CES! Cos TELS 24. Metathorax crested ; abdominal crests highly déselpoed . . 32. Genus LorHocirLona, Warren. Metathorax not. crested ; abdominal crests small or wanting... 0. 0. 20. 0.0.0. 0... . . 25. 25. Forewiug augled at RÉ.—.. . . . . . . . . . 35. Genus DooaniA, Warren. Forewing uot angled at R?, . . . - « . 30. Genus AcarHra, Guenée, 26. Abdomen crested . *., s c GTQRGPINROUE CE RIDES "Abdomen nobckésted: zu v VI QUANT SINE M S on DNPERQODHEDMRIDN 27. Abdominal crests strong ;. forewing with. leymen. strongly ebowed 0 0. 0. 0. 0... . 2. . . — 33. Genus CauProLoPHra, Warren. Abdominal crests slight ; forewing uith termen not elbowed. — 31. Genus PaAkAGATIUIA, Warren. 28. Both wings with termen strongly and irregularly dentate .— 37. Genus CutonopoNTOPERA, Warren. Forewing, and generally hindwing, not strongly dentate/ .— 2. 2 2 2 2 4. s 4 s 2. 29. 29. Hindwing with termen. toothed or angled at R! as well as R?; gr velinaculum abiormal S2 vw 34: Genus HEDICOPAGE, WAITED. Hindwing with termen even, or with a. single angle at R5 ; CF retinaculum normal . -OMAGENSU I S v soINIRETOIBCNO BOISE 3o. Scaling smooth, iridescent;. forewing: with apex mol acute, 2 [5 COSMETIC BENE IS Scaling thick, opaque; forewing with apex usually acute... 2 0. 0.0. 0. 4. s 4 4 . 32. 1) The Q can be distinguished from «£nsozyga, which shares with it the long palpus, by having DC of'the hindwing less oblique and lacking the very usual pectoral pencil of that genus. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 13 31. gf Ainatibia with strong pencil; Q palpus with third joint rather long o* 815 GeV NECI NE, Cf hindlibia without pencil; Q palpus with third jornt Od aloe rm cu a5"ixenuUusVlomAPIORA VADE 46. Genus CnurononirHRA, Butler. 32. Palpus rough-haired above and beneath ; forewing with SC noi anastomosing wilh SC?.— .— . . . . . . . 44. Genus HirPancHus, Leach. Palpus nearly smooth; forewing with SC! anastomosing VUES T xguGenusiCENOCHLIORASWATLeIIC Group V 1, Hindwing with C. anastomosing with cell to at least one-half " 2. . Hindwing cith C. free, or anastomosing very briefly near WRRGUN 2. n- v hin x cu. cq RN ON NN NN DEBISGUDHSES LORI DART OVHDRLHA OS m LE TA S S d TM Palpus moderate to long, third joint in Q elongate. . . 152. Genus RuopksiA, Warren. 3. Forewing with SC? arising before or immediately after R!..— 146. Genus DicugoMa, Westwood. IF GUI. SC qa! « us e TENERNQNESQUBECTIRRSISCIOTO ST 4. TUE UT I DORUM DERE TE GTIRSPUKSVONESEMT T eL RU E MUS E EIS UG 5 H indtibia with median spurs absent... .— . . . . 155. Genus HIEROCHTHONIA, nov. gen., Prout. 5. Wings narrow; cf antenna simple... . . . . 145. Genus RuapiNowrPHax, Prout. Wings not narrow; cf antenna bipectinate ..— .. . . SNGUDO S eoi: 6. Hindwing «with teymen. evenly vounded, costa not long; Q antenna simple... . . . . . . . .—I54. Genus SvNpnovopzs, Warren. Hindwing with leymen not. evenly. rounded, costa long; Q antenna bipeclinade ..— .— . . . . . . . . 153. Genus LAsiocHLoRA, Warren. ge HEADER ADERDASI QI tr SAC? QeAT CXCS o n Forewing wilh SC? arising before SC? 2). . dE LES LOT 8. Hindtibia — at least in ct 3) — with terminal spurs only... 4. 40. 2 4.0. l2 ll. 4 D. - Hindlibia in both sexes with. all SUUS 'o "LONG DNE RIBENEOCOQULOICTCMIM MIB Two 9. Wings smoothly and thinly scaled; abdomen mot crvested ; gt antenna ciliated . 4. . «€ « 134. Genus DIPLODEsMA, sect. IV, Warren. Wings thickly scaled ; abdomen crested; cy' antenna bifec- WAEYOS $738. 5 aeo» cnl xw 5 0 UT DREEREE ONERE SQUE MTM. IO. DC síronoly angled at Ro... . . . . . -. . 65. Genus SPANIOCENTRA, nOV. gen., Prout. DC not strongly angled at R2... - « « « . I3o. Genus CTENOTHEA, nov. gen., Prout. 11, Antenna in Cy ciliated ; abdomen with metallic crests .—.— 117. Genus METALLOCHLORA, Warren (part.). Antenna in. Cy, bipeclinate; cresls wanting, ov non-metallio. — .— . 2. 2. 2 2. 2. . . . I2. um; JeufUO ge REL c MUT LT M 66. Genus METACINETA, nov. gen., Prout. VOTRE GERD PET s v. o. BI BO DETCRNSENDESO RUINIS M ME - 13. Abdomen strongly crested. .—..— . . . . . . . . 63. Genus CurongouraNTA, Warren. Abdomen not or only slightly crested .— . 3. tog xo teca ME MC CLE UU 1) Fhere are also venational differences between these two genera; in CA4ZororitAra R? of the hindwing arises closer to R!, and M! is connate or short-stalked, while in ZofagZora it is separate. 2) Except an occasional aberrant species in Prasznocyma. 3) The 9 Q of ClenotAhea and of Dzg/odesma xantAocAlora are unknown to us, and we have only seen one sound Q of D, subexfressa (terminal spurs only) and one of, presumably, sz/msumórata (one median present). CAoroparda and LatAocAlora (c? c unknown) probably also belong here in our key. I4 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 14. Bolh wings with M! remote at origin from R3, DC abnormal Both wings sith M! mot remote at origin, DC normal. 15. Palpus with second joint long-hatred beneath. Palpus ailh second joint mot. long-haired beneath 16. Hindwing wilh marked basal expansion, DC? arising distally to DC?, M! rarely stalked ; antenna short .— . Hindwing with scarcely-marked basal expansion, DC. mor- mal, M! alsvays stalked ; antenna. moderate . 17. Wngs deep golden .— . . . . Wings not deep golden . 18. Hindtibia in cy. without spurs. Hindtibia in cy. ath spurs 19. Antenna in cy Dipectinate .— . . . Antenna in cy simple... 20. Metathorax crested ; antenna ith tuft at base 1) Metathorax not crested ; antenna without marked tuft at base 21. Hindtibia in cy. with two spurs 2) Hüindlibia in cy with four spurs 3). 22. Palpus minute 4) . . . Palfus moderate to long. 23. Abdomen crested. — . Abdomen not crested.— . 24. Antenna in cy simple... Antenna in cy bifectinate 25. Both wings wilh M! remote at origin from R? . Both wings with. M! closely abproximated to R9 or 26. Hindtibia in Q «th two spurs . Hüindtibia in Q with four spurs 5). 27. Abdomen crested. Abdomen not crested . 28. Antenua in cy and sometimes in Q bipectinate Antenna not bipectinate . stalked . 29. Ralher large moths ; longue wantiug; Q antenna bipectinate. Moderate or. small moths; tongue present; Q antenna. not bipectinate. 3o. Palpus in Q with third joint elongate. Palpus in Q anth third joint not elongate 31. Hindwing rounded ; forewing with SC! from cell Hindwiug quadrate, with small tail at W?; forewing with SC'slalked. 67. Genus AncvRocoswa, Turner. 58. Genus CouiEeNa, Hübner (part.). 16. 64. Genus RuowsBonRisTA, Warren. 62. Genus AcarHIOPSIs, Warren. 160. Genus XaANTHODURa, Butler. ver e e b CET : I9. So duco UI ue er TRE IET NREO 108. Genus EnETMoPvus, Turner. I23. Genus ANOPLOSCELES, Warren. 6r. Genus UrrocxEMis, Warren. e : 2X. e E02. 20 2 39: d 29: 26; 133. Genus PsEeupbHEMiITHEA, Bastelberger. 132. Genus Nrnowia, Staudinger (part.). JAc pONNS TR 3 29- ro6. Genus PENTHEOCHLORa, nov. gen., Prout. 144. Genus PnosoMPHAX, Warren. JA AE : :632. t cr e EL TOU. NOME 94. Genus CHEROSCELIS, nov. gen., Prout. 131. Genus CvcrorHtra, nov. gen., Prout. 148. Genus PanaPRasINA, Warren. 3o. OPE, 3 vr 132. Genus Nrnowra, Staudinger (part. ). 149. Genus MicnRoroxia, Warren. 150. Genus PaMPHLEBIA, Warren. 1) Further distinguished from nearly all the succeeding genera (except Cortióaeza and Axgyrograg/ta) by stout, strongly rough-haired second joint of palpus and strongly tufted foretibia; from Co»rióaeza and 7rg yrograsAa by abdominal crests and pectinate Q antenna. 2) In GEiospi/a sometimes vestiges of a second pair. 3) In C/rrzysocAoroma sometimes three only. 4) Here probably belongs also Mesterodes, c unknown. 5) Only in Egisof ka/ma and Cu/pinia somewhat unstable. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 32. Hindtibia in cy, «ith leyminal spurs wanting 1). Hüindttbia in cy with median spurs wanting. 33. Hindwing wilh leymen crenulate or excised bet« TOME Iss Hindwing with termen not crenulate ov excised 34. Forewing with tevmen usually crenulate; abdomen crested ; antenna motypeblinnto Nr e Forewing with termen not crenulate; abdomen not. crested ; CY antenna bipectinate .— . . . . 35. Forvewing with SC! stalked, running into C Forewing with SC! from cell, not running into C. 36. Abdomen with strong curled crests. Abdomen with crests small or wanting 37. Hindwing with C approximated. to cell, not anastomosing, R? from close to R!; gf antenna bipectinate; abdomen HIOLACHP STET. m EMEN INO ns Hindwing with C anastomosimg at a point, R? normal; cy antenna ciliated ; abdomen often slightly crested . 38. Hindwing Hüinawing zoll at most two very small) crests. angled or tailed ; abdomen unith small crests. rounded or weakly bent; abdomen without (oi 39. Hindwing with DC continuously and extremely oblique Hindwing with DC not so. 40. Both wings with DC? extremely oblique, DC? vertical or oblique inwards |. Both wings with DC not so A1. Hindwing with lermen toothed at R'and R$, excised between. Hindwing with tevmen not so shaped . 42. Hindwing with M! stalked. .. . . . Hindwing with M! 49. Forewing wilh lermen excised between apex and R3. widely separate... . Forewing with termen not so shaped. .— .—. 44. Forewing falcate at apex Forewing not falcate at apex 3). 42. Antenna in Cf simfle VATPAGI DIEN Dore END EACHAHIETA e SY B NER 46. Falcation small and sharp; abdomen not crested. Falcatton larger and bluuter ; abdomen crested 47. Hindwing extremely produced lo tornus Hindwing not extremely produced to tornus 48. Tongue weak; antenna in cy bipectinate Tongue cwell-developed ; antenna in cyt ciliated 1) Or entirely vestigial. 2) Also in the O of An£Atarmostes Papilio; but in that speciesthe O antenna is simple, in 77y/ocoe/a (so far as yet known : sarta) bipectinate. II4. I20. 96. 134. 15 Genus CENosprrA, Swinhoe. ; 93 34. 35» Genus ErrsorHALMaA, Swinhoe. Genus CurPiNIA, nov. gen., Prout. Genus DiPLopEsMA, sect. I, II, III, [ Warren. 36. I. Genus LoPHocRITA, Warren. 37/6 II3. Genus GriGANTOTHEA, nov. gen., Prout. : 5. Sislc 122.Genus HEurrHEa, Duponchel. 124. Genus CHronissA, Stephens. I07. Genus THaLassopEss, Guenée. to totes edis v4 2. Genus OxvcHona, Warren. : & Vie c 42. 43. 98. Genus BaATHYCOLPODES, nov. gen., Prout. 95. IOO. 99. I40. IOO. 69. II8. Genus HgrTEROCRITA, Warren. Genus Hvrocara, Warren (part.) 2). Ae 44- SUCI 47- Genus CHLORODREPANA, Warren. 71-5) 187 ve oho ertet, don, PREISE Genus HrerEREsTHES, Warren. Genus Hyvprocara, Warren (humidaria). gj xileic 49. Genus CHLoROCHUETA, Warren. Genus UnorirHa, Meyrick. uniformis, iurpi- 3) Of cours: this does not preclude the presence of a minute acute point at apex, such as may appear sexually or in individual species (compare Omf£Aax, etc.) entirely without generic significance. 49 7 s 33; Un Un 63. LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Palpus in both sexes short, with terminal joint small... Palpus moderate to long, with teryminal joint in Q usually elongate coe SE E RU D TEES . Abdomen with series of well-developed crests .. . . . Abdominal crests slight or wanting... . . . . . Tongue developed; palpus varely minute; abdomen mever crested; antenna modevale .— . . 2 2... . Tongue weak; palpus usually minute; abdomen often with minute crests; antenna vathey short... . . . Antenna in both sexes moderately to strongly bipectinate. — . Antenna simple, ov in. Cy only shortly bipectinate .— .—. Tongue weak; both wings with termen strongly ventricose.. Tongue well-developed 1); wings not so shaped .. . . . . Hindwing quadrate, ov wüth pronounced íail or angle ab R3 7 d. cm E uaa Ru pa Hüindwing smooth, oy at most slightly bent at R9. . . Hindwing long and uarrow, termen. dentate, tail at. R3 Jong cec Toc cR IFIindwinpnot sU Sape e Antenna an cy btbeclinate Vr M Antenna in cy nol bipectinate. .— . 2. . Hindwing with tail slight ; both wings with R? arising close lo apex of cell; cy hindleg with one median spur usually weak or wanting; Q palpus with third joint very long . Hindwing with. tail usually bronounced 2); R? separate at origin; Cf hindleg with both median spurs developed ; Q palpus with third joint usually not very long . ..— :dbdomenwtio slimht'crestsi3) SEE VAST Y TLDNLVILTNT ACA SUE CRIT STO IQ T0 87 BUE . Hindwing with SC? connate or barely stalked ; abdomen not OEESÍIe a T LER LP E s LEE H indwing with SC? well stalked ; abdomen usually crested. - Abdomen with slrong curved cvests.. .— . 0. 2 2. V Abdominal crests compact and metallic, or wanting . T ntanna An cia bipeclvtate v3. Ue NT D Antenna 1. cy mot bipectimate. . e LS Palpus with second joint strong, rough-scaled above and beneath — . Palpus with second joint normal... . . W'ingsbroad ; forewimg with SC? not anastomosing with SC! ; CX hindtibia almost always «ith terminal Process... . Wings elongate ; forewing with SC? anastomosing with SC! ; Cg hindtibia without process... 2 2 2 s. " H H . H . H . . . H . . H 53; 142. Genus CrerLiDoMrHax, nov. gen., Prout. 139. Genus Curonocowa, Turner. 141. Genus HETERORACHIS, Warren. 143. Genus Ournax, Guenée. She 102. Genus PERITHALERA, nov. gen., Prout. 103. Genus CHRvysocHLOROMA, Warren. . . . . . . . . . H . . . H IOI. Genus ANTHARMOSTES, Warren. I04. Genus GELasMA, Warren. 116. Genus Iprocurona, nov. gen., Prout. 119. Genus MixoroprHia, Warren. 58. 60. 117. Genus MrTALLocHLORA, Warren (part.). II -I 68. Genus CowrBxNa, Hübner (part.). 62. . Genus-METALLOCHLORA, Warren (part.). 147. Genus ARGYROGRAPHA, nov. gen., Prout. 1) There may possibly be one or two individual exceptions in the species of succeeding genera, but we have not noted such. 2) slight in GeZaszra £riplici/ascia, which is quite doubtfully placed. 3) If these are ever entirely absent, we are unable to differentiate the genus rigidly. See our note thereon. FAM. GEOMETRID/ZE 64. Hindwing with C anastomostng neav base with cell ; cy hind- tibia, wilh process, tarsus very short... . . . Hindwing with C. free; ct hindleg usually normal... . Oo PADHOTACT UI E SIL UAGHESISS E Rn PAGG OTVEAUVUROWIAGACSUSREIOSESREORO- 2 E Group VI I. Forewing with SC and SC? stalked or coincident from cell. Fovewing with SC? (often SC also) from stalk of SC 2. Hindwing with C anastomosing with cell to at least one- pal ENERO Hindwing with C free, or anastomosing near base only 3. Hindtibia with four spurs ..—.. . . Hindtibia wh twospurs . . . . . . . 4. Palpus wit& third joint minute; forewing with SC? arising aj eC MP ME SUC Su Palfus with third joint moderate to long ; forewing with SC? CZSYRAUMUAMGSMU m d a o0 'OPOMDINANOT Sb ATI Der ee Lc e cg. c oue MEME Wzonasenormaliyishaped rr c 6. Paljpus with second joint vough-scaled ; Q antenna bifectinate. Palpus with second joint smooth ; Q antenna not bifectinate. ts LUTPAT VE PESVURUPT, n 8 d ERROR Mone deuelopcu MR 8. Hindwing wilhtermen incurved ov excised between R! and R3. Handwing silh leymen not incurved ov excised... .. . [21 9. Eandlibia anth, four sburs S m om s IBI P AIAVIATIDSELS o o. m 0.9 DT IPS IO. Small species; palpus less tham one-half diameter of eye; hindwing with C duwerging after point-anastomosis .— . Moderate-sized. species; palpus more than one-half ; hind- wing with C approximated to near middle of cell... . II. Palpus with second joint very strong, much longer tham Vorst one E LEES Urso Taste IST DHSVHLODISO: RISE: 00-0 E DNE QOO Eso 9 emg s I2. Palfus very slender; hindwing with termen well rounded... Palpus moderate y); hindwing with termen lille rounded, TOTIMSVPDOlOH gta E n T UE 13. Abdomen wellecrvested . .. . . . Abdomen not or scarcely cvested. —..— 2 2 s. 14. Hindtibia cith terminal spburs only... . . . EIndibtawilbrals purs rrr 15. Hindwing quadrate, strongly angled at RS... . . . Hindwing noisoshaped . . . . . . 1) Rather short in 2rz:750sata. 17 IIO. Genus ENpEMIA, Warren. III. Genus STREPSICHLORA, Warren. IO9. Genus PnasiNocyuaA, Warren. 164. Genus CacocHroRis, nov. gen., Prout. ny MI 175. Genus Corrzsis, Warren. 176. Genus OMPHACODES, Warren. 201. Genus MixEoPHANES, nov. gen., Prout. 199. Genus ALLocHROSTES, nov. gen., Prout. 200. Genus XENOCHLORODES, Warren. c M Mio "E 13. 9. E IO. 171. Genus Dorosrs, nov. gen., Prout. 169. Genus Dvscuronorsis, Warren. 196. Genus CrENocHLOonRa, Warren. am c : a 46 : üt 166. Genus AcLossocHronis, nov. gen., Prout. 183. Genus NEunoroca, Warren. 168. Genus HororERPNa, Püngeler. 184. Genus Lornosrora, nov. gen., Prout. ' REPULSA 0 SPEARS LORS : 155 185. Genus GoNocurona, Swinhoe. 16. 18 16. 17. 18. no 20. LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA H indwing dentate, excised belsveen Rl and R3 Hindwing vounded . . . . . DER SV Palpus with third joint very small; hindwing with C anastomosing briefly, M! not stalked. ..— . . . . Palpus with third joint moderate to long ; hindwing with C nme, Mtonesstalbed E Palpus shovt . . Palfus moderate to long... Antenna in Cf. with long pectinations; forewing with sci from cell; hindwing with M! not stalked.. . . . . Anlenna im cy mever with long pectinations ; with SC usually. stalked ; UTE S s. nus S Face and femora smooth; both wings with T" stalked or at Jfovewing hindu'ing with M* usually leastyconnate s. d E eT Ur e E Face rough-scaled, femora hairy; bolh wings with M! widely. separate at ove I. Palfus with second joint stout, rather long, strongly vough- 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27: 28. 29. o?* scaled above and beneath... . . . . . Palfus normal ov slender. . Both wings with teymen strongly crenate .— .— . . Both wings with termen not strongly crenate..— .— ..— . Paljus shorl to quite moderate, third joint in. neither sex elongate 1); antenna in. Q. usually bipectinate .— . Palpus moderate to long, third joint, at least in Q , elong- ale; antenna in. Q never bipectinale — . SB ov et Hindwing narrow, with C long-approximated to cell; fore- wing with SC? anastomosing with SC? .. . . . . Hindwing not narrow 2); forewing with SC? not anastom- DGUDRAUUMDSXONASM» S 5 S oe ge Bo 8 5 0v E Forewing with SC! and R! stalked with SC*9 . . . . Forewing with SCl, and usually R!, from cell. . Palpus usually minute, second joint not or scarcely vough- Saaled) beneath. o e e MM Palpus not minute, second joint rough-scaled beneath... . Hindwing with C. long-approximated to cell; both wings with M! widely separate; palpus minute... . Hüindwing with C diverging from near base, M! afproaim- aled, connate or stalked ; palpus not minute 4)... Wings broad, R? of both from close to Rh .. . . . . Wings narrow, R? of both not from closeto Ri... . Forewing with SC? closely approaching or anastomosing 1) Except in one or two pectinated OQ Q of /emisto/a, of doubtful location. 2) Except in CA?orosterrAa. 3) Except sometimes in JrxocAxoa. 170. Genus TuarEma, Hübner. 189. Genus LAMBonNIA, nov. gen., Prout. 195. Genus CvMaTOoPLEx, Turner. 97. Genus MixocERA, Warren. 198. Genus EvcnosrEs, Hübner. 167. Genus Iurors, nov. gen.. Prout. 165. Genus Eucurougis, Hübner. 161. Genus PanawMaxarEs, Warren. 181. G azenus LEucESTHES, Warren, . . . . H . . H . . 174. Genus AcorLrrsis, Warren. 182. Genus HrwirsrTora, Warren. 172. Genus NorHoTERPNA, Warren. 19. 20. 22. 23. 24. 3o. 25. 26. 27 29. 28. 173. Genus CHLOROSTERRHA, nov. gen., Prout. 4) On the first two of these characters, 77 Zncommoda would rather be a. | VofAtofer$»a or CAlorcsterrka ; on the third character, 4a/oa would. be. A revision of the African species must await further and better material. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 19 with SC?; hindwing ochreous, with C. closely approx- imated to one-half cell... . . -. . . I80. Genus MixocHRoa, Warren. Forewing with SC? separate from sc; [dE not ochreous, C diverging before one-half cell. . . . . 179. Genus EuLoxra, Warren. 3o. Forewing with DC? arising tecto SU qu JOXCE s c e ee MT eR S To mE E JG LDU Ye COP) PADXC Y uU W)Ü.- d. n DR TENCOREIQ CROIRE 1 P PEDE 3r. Hindwing with temen crenulate and tailed ..— .— .. . . 188. Genus BERTA, Walker. Hindwing with teymen rounded, or slightly elbowed at R?. 190. Genus Cowosrora, Meyrick. SO SRLItndssinoamVi ATO Tan Died DT Med rr TUS E S 9 29 5:939» Hindwing unth termen not angled or tadled .— .— .—. JEDE rus gd 33. Forewing with apex acutely Produced, SC! from cell ; hand- wing sirongly tadled. . . . . . - . . . I86. Genus CuroRoMMa, Warren. Forewing wilh apex mot acutely E düccdi SC! mearly always stalked ; hindwing not strongly tailed —.. . . 187 Genus Ioprs, Hübner. 34. Both wings anth. M! remote at origin... . . . . . I94. Genus NEorHELa, Turner. Both wings with M! connate or stalked 3)... . 3 lor 15/9) 35. Hindwing elongate, termen strongly rounded... . . 192. Genus PygRHORACHIS, Warren. Hindwing not so. . . i E EE DELE c T AF MELE mr NS orsIois 36. Forewing with SCl and both wings with M! long-stalked . ' x91. Genus CowosroLorsis, Warren. Forewing with. SC! from cell; both wings with M quite Sh oni Sal wer EN cQ3sxenusiCHEOERES, /LUutDer: B. — New World Genera I. Palpus weh long, forward-projecting hairs above aud ] beneath ; wings navrow, fuscous — . . . . . . X 40. Genus XrNoPEPLA, Prout. IDalpus 1010; MAHESWATEDJ ROXXDUTICUEF T THSCOMSI. E RU S SS 2 2. Large moths ; hindunng with subdiaphanous patch near base. — 50. Genus RHopocurona, Warren. Moderate ov small (very rarely vather. large) moths ; hind- wing wilhout subdiaphanous $alch near base... 2. 2 2 2 0. 2 2 0 s. 9 0. s. s. 9. X 3. Forewing wiWh apex acule, subfalcate; hindwiüng with Tonus frolotged; Teymenespecially imo cy y strazoht 4). o A oT Ww s VItnespnots soror; MR RD UR AM UT RR Ede rs UN dS ets cim DE doe 4. Frenulum in Q wanting ; hinduüng concolorous. . . . 79. Genus TAcHYvPHYLE, Butler. Frenulum in. Q. present ; hindaing discolorous . . . . 78. Genus TACHYCHLORA, nov. gen., Prout. SIEEDVIU DTI VIVA YR UT LANCE WINS SOT RM T S a termes eT vem. Ot TEIG PLANTS GYULIUTL LN LOSS LL S REF UE E c o os om uw 9 14 3.325. 6. Hindlibia m Q unth terminal spurs only. 2. 2 2 2 s los s dig ox iom Bo ded, ee Pt M Eras JS HONO DIETS DEA S S Um. ui Met ME, NRCOROERNDO TB TTA : 29 7. Frenulum developed in bolh sexes... . . . . . 74. Genus Cnuronosrsa, Packard. Frenulum cantimg or vestigial in Q . S -o Nass Po MEC UN ONES YXLUELE ES Sa IS GIININSAAUPUIWURTIDPAGKR Qo secu o c D NTREETISSONCEREERERRLLOLLODT EU: 1) In odis a/hídentu/a formed as in Herfa, from which other (usually subordinate) characters separate it. The Zzzdwz»g in Bería usually has DC nearly as in forewing, but this is of less use generically, the form being shared by a few Zod/s : mzifascia, iridescems (slightly), ofa/aría (sometimes), «tc. 2) Except /o/fis albi.enínla and micra ; angle very slight in zzzfascra . 3) Separate, but not remote, in Pyrz/;/rachis (caerulea. 4) Both these genera have the median spurs rudimentary or atrophied and the terminals very unequal. 9. IO. itat I2. 1. I4. 16. 18. I9. 2I. 29 . Palpus minute; hindwing concolorous, . Hindwing with C anastomosing « LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA JOLZYNTIET IDA PMIAMA Me. mo m. VOV UH mS NES 80s Ww Palpus in both sexes minute ; hündwing with C approximated lo cell, gradually diwevgung. Palpus moderate to long; hindwing with C. anostomosing with cell at a point, rapidly diverging . . . . VAZALD AX. c a mw s dq s.23. 9 9 8. m B ibdomen not oreste d er E E e Metathorax tufted ; cy hindtarsus much abbreviated |... Metathorax not tufted ; cy hindtarsus rarely abbrevialed — . Abdominal crests strong. (compact, vounded, glossy, often PorexovMessumetatlsc) REM Abdominal crests slight ( flimsy, curved hairs)... . Palpus in both sexes minule 1). . Palpus in both sexes not minute... . à Forewing with SC! stalked, SC? usually arising ier SIE Forewing with SC! from cell, SC? always arising before SC». . Palpus in Q with third joint long ; hindwing usually with raised. white cell-spots, DC9 usually arising. distally TD9I) COMINUS EPOR NET c Palpus in Q slender, hindwing without raised white cell-spots, DC normal, wilh third joint vather short; Minor ssl eet S RE DRESS cA: 08 ONE RIS ye Small E E NE ERUE- «Bye normal SECUN Or uer dis. fate . Forewing with SC? arising after sc MEC Ert s Fovrewing with SC? arising before SC9. .. .. . Hindwing with C anastomosing strongly with. cell; wings Ted 2p S A Le Een I aft ce Hindswing with C. free ; wings 22r Bold en e. Hindwing with C anastomosing strongly with cell .—. Hindwing «ith C anastomosing at a point only, ov free. — . with costa short. — . Palfus not minute; hindwing discolorous, sith costa long. Palpus minute; tongue atropbhied 2) . . . . . . Palfus in. c moderate, third joint in Q very long; tongue denelübtd, m E NE TE nth cell at Boint near base. Hindwing with (1722/1715 Rc REY S e NUREDI «6 C closely approximated to cell to beyond Hindwing nearly always strongly angled or tailed at R*; forewiug will, SC! nearly always stalked 3)... . Hindwing vounded or slightly bent at R9, forewing with SL nomioe ec vM ee RIS 1) See also Genus 92, RZonib5ocAlora. 3 : VW EEIATO:- 178. Genus AxoMPHax, Warren. 198. Genus EvcnosrEs, Hübner. m ERR. n 16. 93. Genus LornocnonisTA, Warren. 86. Genus LrEPrrorLoPHa, Warren. I. Genus PnocoNopEs, Warren. 89. Genus AvornvrLoprs, nov. gen., Prout. 90. Genus OosPriLA, Warren. 88. Genus AvorHyLLa, Warren. 125. Genus MrEsorTHEA, Warren. Wm E C. 5 17. : : 2 18. à I9. 138. Genus Pacuvcorsis, Warren. 159. Genus XANTHOXENA, Warren. Cox. 5 5» MUNRORMEEITIOER EDS ME SEO. 21. " . . . . . . . . . . H 157. Genus CALLISTEUMA, nov. gen., Prout. 75. Genus CHETEOsCELIS, nov. gen., Prout. 158. Genus DvscuxiL1a, Dognin. 151. Genus EuzaNa, nov. gen., Prout. 156. Genus TELorHETA, Warren. 127. Genus CuronorrEnvx. Hulst. : : : 24. 2) In the absense of the c it is not certain that this genus does not belong in Group VI (& frenulum absent). It is certainly very specialized. s 3) When not stalked, either connate or closely approximated. At the same time, it is possible this genus will prove to intergrade with CAlorocAhlamys . 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29- 3o. 525 33: 34. 35* 36. 3. 38. 39. 40. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 21 Antenna in. CY bipectinale .— . . . . 126. Genus CuronocuHraAMys, Hulst. Antenna in cy mot Diectinale .— .— . . . . . . . 124. Genus Curonissa, Stephens. Forewing with SC? arising after SC5.— .. . . . : 26. Forewing with SC? arising before SC9 13). . . . . E 2/7]- Hindwing with C anastomosing more or less strongly with Cels er p Er ER Sos 137. Genus Hvpara, Walker. Hindwing with C anastomosing ov appressed a£ a point prx Ibase Fon y aon GenuscPROHYEDATAS SODats: Frenulum wanting in bolh sexes... . . . . . : : : o. js Frenulum present in cy , and sometimes in Q — . 3o. Hindwing unth C anastomosing strongly with cell .. . . 177. Genus MrnocHrona, nov. gen., Prout. Joli po? GP QUU) o. "o c o 9 9. 8 ST MTS S. TB 5 Punica n- eo if eme IE v des PX Both wings with DC normal . . . . - . . . 163. Genus Curomacris, Warren. Both wings with DC? arising far. distally to » DC*. . . 162. Genus CATHYDATA, nov. gen., Prout. Forewing with termen irregular, will. excision in anterior Jp MERI WAY IT Cl uv. lo PE Sn Forewing with tevmen regular . 3/75 I. Wings gaily coloured ; handwing ath C. free 82. Genus PacirLocHLonga, Warren. Wings not gaily coloured ; hindaring: with C anastomosing at a point or very briefly with cell... . . . LUN cM OUEST 12 327 Hindwing with leymen crenulate; cy. antenna simple . . 128. Genus EvarrGa, Warren. Hindwing with teymen not crenulate; cy antenna bipectinate 129. Genus Nrocnasis, Warren. Hindwing toothed at Rland R9. . . . : 81. Genus NEacaTHIA, Warren. Hindwing not toothed, or toothed (or bent) at m only . o Acn T. 34. Wngs thinly scaled, hyaline . . . . . . 83. Genus Hvarocuroma, nov. gen., Prout. Wings normally scaled... . TWO NM ER STR 357 Abdomen strongly crested. .— .— . . . . . . . . 87. Genus RacugororHa, Warren. Abdomen not.or scarcely cvested 2 2. 2 2. le. : . ESO Hindwing with C anastomosing with cell neay base... : . 0. S Hindwing with C. free, or at most anastomosing at a point. : 38. Anastomosis slight; abdomen with minute dorsal crest ov VIADOSSP UIS DOLES GenusskAGHEOSPIPAVeSecto lil; e Guenee Anastomosis moderate; abdomen smooth dorsally . 73. Genus SyNcurona, Guenée. [(part.). (CalogavioT matinbyvmerr 22859- Coloration very variegated .— . . . . . . . : . b. 6 44. Palfus short; hindwing with costa long, C long-approxim- ated to cell, gradually diverging. .— . . . . 76. Genus PaRoMPHACODES, Warren. Palfus moderate to long; hindwing with C normal . 40. ZAUMLEMWARVME YOU DMBECUIT To QE 4I. Enna vt Gy MOD DUDECIUMaLE E Tr 72. Genus Dnvaro»sis, Warren. 4r. Frenulum present in both sexes. . s : 42. Frenulum wanting or vestigial in Q . DHEME A eu TENM S 43. 42. Palpus in Q with third joint small. . . . . . . 71. Genus NEwonn, Hübner. Palpus in Q anth third joint exposed, usually much Draieed 70. Genus RacugosPiLA, Guenée (part.). 1) Except in Aac/teosgila (?) minor, from which Zy4a/a and ProAydafa differ in shape, in their hyaline or semihyaline wings, etc. 22 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 43. Palpus with second joint. strongly rough-scaled above and beneath, third joint somewhat vough-scaled, in Q moder- ate; forttibia dufted. T 502922 Genus: DICHORDA, Warren: Palpus with second. joint more shortly scaled, third joint smooth, in Q very long ; foretibia not tufted .. . . . | 80. Genus PHRUDOCENTRA, Warren. 44. Forewing with SC! running into C ; hindwing nol Produced lowardsioymus . . . . . . . . . 4 . .. 84. Genus CHROTOCHLORA, Warren: Forewing with SC! free ; hindwing produced towards fornus — 77. Genus PvRocHLORA, Warren. NortE. — In all the descripuons in the following pages the wing-expanse is given according to the extreme tip-to-tip measurement. The adoption of the old continental method of taking the average expanse of set specimens resulted in certain inconsistencies and inaccuracies which far more than outweighed any possible convenience. Group I Il. GENUS PROTOPHYTA, TURNER Protophyta. lurner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 648 (1910). Characters. — Build rather slender. Face smooth. Palpus moderate, first joint long-haired, second joint rough-haired above and beneath, third joint moderate. Tongue developed. Antenna in cf bipectinate, with apices simple. Thorax not crested. Pectus densely hairy. Hindtibia in c not dilated, all spurs well developed. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex not acute, termen oblique, crenulate, DC? slightly oblique inwards, DC? strongly incurved (cell more produced anteriorly than posteriorly), 5C! from cell, anastomosing with C, SC* from cell, R! separate, M! separate; hindwing with termen dentate, the teeth on R! and: R? more prominent, DC nearly as in forewing, C closely approximated to cell to well beyond middle, SC? separate, R? from near R!, M! separate. Ecc. — Undescribed. Lanva. — Undescribed, apparently on tea-tree. Pura. — Undescribed, in a silken cocoon on bark of tea-tree ( Lower). Type of the genus : Protobhyta castanea (Lower) — Pseudoterpna castanea, Lower (1910). Geographical distribution of species. — Australian. I. P. castanea ( Lower). New South Wales. Pseudoterpna castanea, Lower, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 23, p. 45 (1898). Protophyta castanea, "Turner, ibidem. Vol. 35, p. 648 (1910). 2. GENUS HELIOMYSTIS, MEYRICK Heliomystis. Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. goo (1888). Characters. — « lace shortly hairy. Palpus moderate, porrect, basal and second joints densely hairy beneath, second joint hairy on upper surface, terminal joint moderate. Tongue well developed. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 23 Antenna in cf pectinate nearly to apex. Thorax with a dense posterior crest; beneath densely hairy. Posterior tibia with all spurs present; in cf dilated, with internal groove and tuft. Abdomen with strong median dorsal crests. Frenulum and retinaculum in c strong. Forewing with SC! anastomosing with C, SC? arising separately from cell, Ri separate, R? and. M! separate; hindwing with DC incurved, not oblique, C closely approximated to cell to well beyond middle. SC? and R! separate, R? and M! separate» (Turner, Proc. Linm. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 647). « Forewing with costa slightly arched, termen rounded, rather oblique, waved; hindwing with termen crenate, tolerably rounded, slightly bent in middle » (Meyrick). Early stages unknown. This genus is unknown to us in nature, but would appear to be the parent of Dindica, Moore. Type of the genus : Heliomystis electrica, Meyrick (1888). Geographical distribution of species. — Australian. I. H. electrica, Meyrick. Victoria. Heliomystis electrica, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2)..Vol. 2, p- 900 ( 1588). 3. GENUS RHUMA, WALKER Rhuma. Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 21, p. 483 (1860). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus moderate, stout, second joint with thick but appressed scales, third joint smooth, rather short, obtuse. Tongue developed. Antenna in cf dentate, with fascicles of rather short cilia; in Q nearly simple. Thorax with a small posterior crest (fide Turner). Pectus and femora densely hairy. Hindtibia in cf somewhat dilated, with hair-pencil: all spurs present. Abdomen with strong dorsal crests. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex not acute, termen entire, gently convex, oblique, cell about one-half, DC? vertical. DC? oblique, SC! from cell, free, SC? from cell, SC?5 from well before apex of cell, R? from quite near R!, M! separate; hind- wing with apex rounded, termen entire, rounded, tornus moderately rounded, cell somewhat less than one-half, DC as in forewing, C closely approximated to cell to beyond middle. SC? separate, R? from close to R!, M! separate. Early stages unknown. Type of the genus : A/Zuma subaurata, Walker (1860): Australian. Geographical distribution of species. I. R. subaurata, Walker. — Pl. I, Fig. |. Queensland. Rhuma subaurata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 21, p. 484 (1860). Hypochroma varipunctata, Lucas (MS. 1). 4. GENUS STERICTOPSIS, WARREN Sterictopsis. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 257 (1895). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus quite moderate, second joint rather long-haired below and rough-haired above, third joint small, smoother-scaled. Tongue well developed. Antenna longish, in cf pectinate, with apex simple (fide Turner). in Q nearly simple. Metathorax crested. Pectus densely hairy. Femora hairy. Hindtibia in cf dilated with groove and tuft of hau (fide Turner), in both sexes 24 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA with all spurs. Tarsi moderately spinulose. Abdomen crested. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing rather narrow, costa rather straight, gently arched distally, apex moderate, termen rather straight, oblique posteriorly, tornus moderate, cell one-half, SC! free, or anastomosing with C, or with C and SC?, SC? from cell, R! about connate with SC?5, R? from above middle of cell, M! separate; hindwing rather narrow, angles somewhat rounded, termen rounded, cell one-half, DC? oblique posteriorly, C closely appressed to cell to near one half, then gradually diverging, SC? short-stalked with R!, R* from very near R!, M! separate. Early stages unknown 1). Type of the genus : Sfericlopsis inconsequeus, Warren (1898). Geographical distribution of species. — ^ustralian. I. S. inconsequens, Warren. Queensland, Victoria. Sterictopsis inconsequens, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 257 (1898). ? Pseudoterpna argyraspis, Lower, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 17, p. 157 (1893) (nom. vetust. sed dubium). Sterictobsis paratorna, "Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 645 (1910) [nec Meyrick 2)]. 5. GENUS ARCHAZEOBALBIS, NOV. GEN., PROUT Archsaeobalbis, nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — Build robust. Face usually somewhat protuberant, normally scaled, or slightly roughened. Palpus moderate, second joint densely scaled above and beneath, third joint moderate or rather short, smooth-scaled. Tongue developed. Antenna long or moderate, in both sexes virtually simple. Metathorax not crested. Pectus densely hairy. Femora long-haired. Hindtibia in both sexes with all spurs developed, in cf usually dilated, with strong hair-pencil, sometimes also with a short terminal process, Abdomen with small paired dorsal crests. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa somewhat arched or nearly straight, apex moderate, termen oblique, subcrenulate, cell about one-half, DC incurved, SC! connected at point or by short bar with C (rarely anastomosing), frequently anastomosing shortly also with SC?, SC? from cell, R! connate or separate, M! well separate; hindwing with costa short, apex rounded, termen long, crenulate, inner margin long, cell less than one-half, DC? incurved, C approximated rather variably to cell (usually rather shortly, never to beyond one-half), very rapidly diverging, SC?separate, R? characteristic, sometimes rather extreme, M! separate (Pl. t, Fig. 9). c* genitalia with uncus pointed (in subofalina bifid), at either side a spatulate leaflike arm, gnathos pointed, dentate on the edge, harpe rounded, clasper a short thorn, juxta a horny process behind the penis; penis pestillate, eedoeagus with long extended arm, having at the orifice a hatchet-like projection. Early stages unknown 3). Type of the genus : AcAhaeobalbis viridaria (Moore) — Hyfpochroma viridaria, Moore. 1) If this is the true azgyrasgis, Lower, a specimen was bred in February from a rough silky cocoon formed beneath the bark of Zucacyefrs rostraía (Lower). 2) Meyrick's type of ZyfocAtroma paratorna, though superficially similar to the present species, is structurally distinct, not only in having SC? of forewing strongly stalked with SC?5, but in being almost without the dorsal crests and in having shorter antennal pectinations; SC! anastomoses both with C and with SC?, The species does not fall into any known genus, but as we have only seen the one specimen, and have had no opportunity to study it side by side with Nericfopsis or with the gen«ra of Group II, we abstain from creating a. genus for it. 3) Mr. H. L. Andrewes has bred /4rcAtaeoba/bis subiepens from larva in the Nilgiris, but we have no description of it. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 25 Geographical distribution of species. — Indo-Malayan, straggling into China. An interesting genus, not only as being the only extra-Australian which has preserved the primitive venation, but also as being the obvious parent of the following group. Shape of wings, nature of scaling, scheme of coloration (grey to moss-green, hindwing concolorous with forewing), commence- ment of shortening of cell and of rapid divergence of C of hindwing, and indeed almost all its characters connect it quite closely with them ; and were it not for the point of origin of SC? it would scarcely be separable from JNVeobalbis, and quite near Actenochroma, etc. 'The genus is fairly homogeneous in structure, though differing slightly in shape, and more markedly in length of antenna and in the cf hindtibia. In the first five species the antenna is long (nearly three-fourths the length of costa) ; in hyboglauca, etc. quite moderate. In farinosa, and probably Ayfpoglauca amd wsneata, the Cf hindtibia is undilated ; in subopalina dilated, but without terminal process; in the rest with the process, in varying grades of development. We have not seen sinapiaria, Poujade, and only refer it here conjecturally. 1. A. viridaria (Moore). India with Ceylon. Hypochroma viridaria, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 632 (1867). Actenochroma subochracea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 381 (1894). Herochroma viridaria, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 172 (1894). Pseudoterpna subtepens (part.), Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 479 (1895) (nec Walker). Actenochroma viridaria, Swinhoe. Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 387 (1900). 2. A. sublepens (Walker). N. India to Celebes. Hypochroma subtepens, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 21, p. 438 (1560). ? Aclenochroma cristata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 381 (1894). Herochroma subtepens, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 171 (1894). Pseudoterpua subtepens (part.), Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 479 (1895). Actenochroma subtepens, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 386 (1900). 3. A. urapteraria (Walker). Burma, Borneo. Hypochroma urapteraria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 21, p. 438 (1861). Actenochroma. urapteraria, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 387 (1900). 4. A. ochreipicta (Swinhoe). N. E. India. Actenochroma ochreipicta, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), Vol. 15 p. 166 (1905). Pseudoterpna ochreipicta, Hampson, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 18, p. 52 (1907). . subopalina (Warren). India, ? Hong-Kong. Actenochroma subopalina, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. z, p. 382 (1894). Pseudoterpna subopalina, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 480 ( 1895). 6. A. usneata (Felder). N. India. Scotopteryx (?) usneata, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 125, f. 12 (1875). Pseudoterpna usneata, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 479 (1895). 4 u ns 7. A. hypoglauca (Hampson). N. India. Pseudotevbna hypoglauca, Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 313 (1895). 8. A. farinosa (Warren). — Pl. !, Fig. 2. N. W. Himalayas. Actenochroma favinosa, Waxren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 350 (1893). Pseudoterpna farinosa, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 480 (1895). 9. A. sinapiaria (Poujade) (huj. gen.?). W. China. H'ypochroma sinapiaria, Poujade, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 64, p. 309, t. 6, f. 5 (1895). Pseudoterpna sinapiaria, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.(6), Vol.20, p.226 (1897). 10. A. crassipunclala ( Alphéraky) (huj. gen. ?). Turkestan. Gnophos crassipunctata, Alphéraky, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 49, p. 69 (1888); Roman. Mém. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 226, t. 8, f. 7 (1897). 26 LREPIDOPTERA HBIEROGERA Group 1I 6. GENUS NEOBALSBIS, Nov. GEN., PROUT Neobalbis, nov. gen, Prout. Characters. — Build robust. Frons protuberant, densely scaled. Palpus moderate to longish, first joint long-scaled beneath, second joint stout, rough-scaled above, moderately long-scaled beneath, third joint smooth, in Q rather long. Tongue developed. Antenna in both sexes virtually simple. Pectus densely hairy. Femora hairy. Hindtibia with all spurs. Metathorax not crested. Abdomen with small paired dorsal crests. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex moderate, termen oblique. crenulate, cell somewhat less than one-half, discocellulars incurved, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C, SC? from well down the stalk of SC??, anastomosing at a point with SC!, "Riseparate, R? from slightly above middle of discocellulars, M! separate; hindwing with costa short, apex rounded, termen long, strongly crenate, inner margin long, cell scarcely two-fifths, DC? incurved, C approximated to cell for some distance near base, then sharply diverging, SC* separate, R? charac- teristic, M! well separate. Early stages unknown. The evolutionary importance attaching to the point of origin of SC? of the forewing necessitates the erection of this genus for a few species which are evidently in the direct line of descent from Avrchaeobalbis, agreeing absolutely therewith in facies, and scarcely differing structurally except in the position of that vein. It would, indeed, be possible to merge our new genus with its relatives 77erochroma and Actenochroma, which, however, have virtually lost the abdominal crests, and have other features of their own. Type of the genus : Neobalbis elaearía (Hampson) — Pseudoterpna elaearia, Hampson. Geographical distribution of species, — N. India, Java, l'ormosa. r. N. elaearia (Hampson). Sikkim, Khásis. Pseudoterpna. elaeajía, Hampson, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 14, p. 654 (1903. Actenochroma subochracea (part.), Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), Vol. 17, p. 285 (1906) (nec Warren). 2. N. flavibasalis (Warren). Java. Actenochroma flavibasalis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 381 (1894). 3. N. montana (Bastelberger). Formosa. Actenochroma montana, Bastelberger, Intern. Ent. Zeit. Guben, Vol. 4, p. 248 (1011). NorE. — H»ypochroma sinapiaria, Poujade, and Gnofhos crassipunctata, Alphéraky, which we have not seen, but have referred with a query to ArcAaeobalbis, may equally well belong to the present genus. 7T. GENUS HEROCHROMA, SWINHOE Herochroma. Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 12, p. 148 (1893). Hierochroma. Sharp, Zool. Record, p. 283 (1893). FAM. GEOMETRID/E 27 Characters. — Face moderately protuberant. Palpus moderate, stout, second joint densely rough scaled, third joint in cf quite short, blunt (Q unknown). Tongue developed. Antenna in gf simple. Pectus and femora densely hairy. Hindtibia in gf somewhat dilated, with tuft of hairs and with a well-developed terminal process (Fig. 4), all FiG. 4 spurs present. Abdominal crests exceedingly slight, often wanting. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa arched, apex acute, termen subcrenu- late, cell nearly one-half, DC incurved, SC! from cell, anastomosing at a point or connected with C, SC? from stalk of SC?*, occasionally from near its base, anastomosing at a point with SC!, R! connate or approximated, R? scarcely above middle of discocellulars, M! well separate from R*; hindwing with costa short. apex rounded, termen strongly crenate. slightly produced to M!, inner margin long, cell rather short, DC* deeply incurved, C approximated to cell for some distance, sharply diverging before one-half, SC? separate, M! separate. Early stages unknown. Hindleg of Z/erocAroma baba, Swinboe, g. Probably an almost direct derivative of Avckaeobalbis wiridaria, its . hindwing similar in shape, but somewhat exaggerated (narrower, more produced to M!) and with the hindubial process more strongly developed. Type of the genus : Herochroma baba, Swinhoe (1893). Geographical distribution of species. — ^ssam. I. H. baba. Swinhoe. Khásis. Herochroma baba, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 12, p. 148 (1893). Pseudoterpna baba, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 480 (1895). Actenochroma baba, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 386 (1900). 8. GeNUS ACTENOCHROMA, WARREN Actenochroma. Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 350 (1893). Characters. — Face sloping, somewhat protuberant below. Palpus moderate, stout, second joint rough-scaled, third joint in cf small, concealed (Q unknown). Tongue developed. Antenna in c with the joints distinct, ciliated. Pectus densely hairy. Femora somewhat hairy. Hindtibia in C' not dilated, all spurs present. Abdominal crests vestigial or wanting. Frenulum fully developed, Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex moderate, termen waved, oblique, cell less than one-half, DC incurved, SC! free, SC? from stalk of SC?9, R! separate, R? from above middle of discocellulars, M! separate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen rounded, faintly crenulate, cell short, DC? vertical, DC? deeply incurved, C approximated to cell to less than one-half, then rapidly diverging, SC? well separate, R? rather extreme. (c genitalia : uncus a long rod, on either side a triangular plate, gnathos pointed, harpe with sacculus extended into a long arm beyond end of harpe, penis pestillate. Early stages unknown. Differs from the preceding genus in shape, in subcostal venation (SC! free, SC? perhaps longer- stalked), in the hindleg structure and (slightly) in the antenna. As regards the venation, in spite of its known variability in the subfamily, no one can study it in this and the three preceding genera without 28 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA noticing the constancy with which SC! anastomoses or is connected with C in them, but remains free in the present genus. We do not affirm that exceptions could not occur; we only say that, in examining a very large number of specimens, we have not found a single instance. The same general fixity of tendencies will be found helpful in connection with many other genera, even although it cannot be made of absolutely first-class importance. Type of the genus : Actenochroma muscicoloraria (Walker) — Hyfochroma muscicoloraria, Walker (1893). Geographical distribution of species, — N. India. I. A. muscicoloraria (Walker). N. India. Hypochroma muscicoloraria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1543 (1862). Hypochroma sphagnata, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 125, f. 2 (1875). Actenochroma musciéoloraria, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 350 (1893). Herochroma muscicoloraria, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 172 (1894). Pseudoterpna muscicoloraria, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 479 (1895). 9. GENUS ORTHOCRASPEDA, NOV. GEN, PROUT Orthocraspeda, nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — Face sloping, slightly protuberant below, densely scaled. Palpus with first and second joints hairy beneath, second joint shortly rough-scaled above, third joint smooth-scaled, in c longish, in 9 long. Tongue developed. Antenna moderate, in both sexes virtually simple. Pectus densely hairy. Femora nearly glabrous. Hindtibia in cf not dilated, in both sexes with .all spurs developed. Abdomen broadly crested. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing broad, costa slightly arched, apex squared, termen slightly crenulate, anterior half almost vertical, posterior curved, becoming rather strongly oblique, cell about two-fifths, DC? incurved, DC? somewhat curved anteriorly, oblique poster- iorly, SC! free, SC? stalked with SC?9», R! separate, R* from very little above middle of DC, M!separate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen rounded, slightly crenulate, tornus pronounced, inner margin rather long, cell short (scarcely over one-third) DC? curved, DC? arising somewhat further distally, somewhat curved, oblique, C quite shortly approximated to cell near base, rapidly diverging, SC? separate, M! separate. Early stages unknown. Distinguished from all its allies by the shape of the wings, also from most of them (so far as the Q O are known) by the long terminal joint of palpus. The approximation of C of hindwing to the cell is almost as short as in the following genus, which, through its more aberrant species nelearia, is perhaps somewhat nearly associated with this, in spite of the difference of facies. Type of the genus : Ort/ocraspeda netunaria (Guenée) — Hyfochroma netunaria, Guenée. Geographical distribution of species. Malayan. I. O. netunaria. (Guenée). Natuna Islands to Philip- Hypochroma netunaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 279 (1858). pines. Terpna crassistriga, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 361 (1896) (nov. syn.). Actenochroma unicolor, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 6, p. 17 (1899) (nov. syn.). Pseudoterpna crassistriga, Semper, Reisen Philipp. (2), Vol. 6, p. 637, t. 65, f. 10 (1902). "— FAM. GEOMETRID/E 29 IO. GENUS EPIPRISTIS, MEYRICK Epipristis. Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 916 (1888); Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 631 (1910). Terpnidia. Warren, MS. (in coll. Brit. Mus.); Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 171: (1894). Gharacters.— Face smooth. Palpus moderate, second joint somewhatrough-scaled beneath.third joint smooth, moderate in gf, longish in Q. Tongue developed. Antenna moderate, in both sexes nearly simple, minutely ciliated. Pectus somewhat hairy (less densely than in the preceding genera). Femora nearly glabrous. Hindtibia in gf not dilated, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen smooth or slightly crested (minimaria), or somewhat more strongly crested (uelearia). Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa arched at base and slightly towards apex, termen gently waved, curved, oblique, cell less than one-half, DC? incurved, DC? arising distally to DC?, somewhat curved and oblique, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C and usually also with SC? (sometimes free in zelearia). SC?-? normal, R! separate, R? from above middle of DC, M! separate; hindwing with costa short, strongly arched in proximal part, apex rounded, termen convex, somewhat waved or subcrenulate, cell less than one-half, DC? curved, DC? arising distally, usually weak, C approximated to cell at a point or very shortly near base, than very strongly divergent. SC? separate, R? arising near. R!, M! separate. Cf genitalia with uncus bifid, gnathos rounded, harpe with spined clasper, penis pestillate. Early stages unknown. Type of the genus : Ejfipristis minimaria (Guenée) — Hyfochroma minimaria, Guenée — Efpipristis oxycyma, Meyrick (1910). Geographical distribution of species. — Indo-Australian. I. E. minimaria (Guenée). a. Epipristis minimaria minimaria. Ceylon, Assam to Borneo. Hypochroma minimaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 279 (1858). Hypochroma parvula, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 21, p. 435 (1860). Acidalia truncataria, Walker, ibidem, Vol. 23, p. 774 (1861). Pingasa minimaria, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 420, t. 192, f. 2 (1887). Epipristis minimaria, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 171 (1894). Pseudoterpna minimaria, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 479 (1895). b. Epipristis minimaria oxycyma. Queensland. Epipristis oxycyma, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p- 916 (1888). Epipristis minimaria, "Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 632 (roro). 2. E. nelearia (Guenée). 'Tenasserim, Borneo, Java. H ypochroma nelearia, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 279 (1858). Epipristis nelearia, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 73 (1897). Il. GENUS MIMANDRIA, SWINHOE Mimandria (Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 88, gen. celebs). Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. oc. Lond. p. 541 (1904). Characters. — Face flat, short-scaled. Palpus moderate, second joint moderately rough-scaled. third joint densely scaled, moderate in c, slightly longer in Q. Tongue wanting, or entirely vestigial 1). 1) We have not had any material for dissection, but if there be any traces of a tongue they are certainly so slight as to be non-functional, and of no generic importance. 3o LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Antenna short, in both sexes bipectinate. with apex merely serrate, the pectinations rather long in c, rather short in Q. Pectus hairy. Hindtibia in cg not dilated, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen robust, crested. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa somewhat arched, apex moderately acute, termen rounded, oblique, very faintly waved, cell somewhat less than one-half, DC? somewhat incurved, then oblique, SC! anastomosing or connected with C, SC? normal, usually anastomosing with SC!, R! separate, R? from above middle of DC, M! separate; hindwing with apex rounded. termen faintly waved, tornus pronounced, inner margin long, cell somewhat less than one-half, DC? strongly incurved, C approximated to cell very shortly near base, then rapidly diverging, SC? separate, R* from near R!, M! separate. Early stages unknown. Type of the genus : Mimandria insularis, Swinhoe (1904). Geographical distribution of species, — Madagascar. 1. M. insularis, Swinhoe. Madagascar. Mimandria insularis ( Warren,Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 88, nom. nud.), Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 541 (1904). I2. GENUS PINGASA, MOORE Pingasa. Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 419 (1887). Pingasia. Moore, Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 247 (1885). Skorpisthes. Lucas, Proc. Rov. Soc. Queensl. Vol. 15, p. 143 (1900). Characters. — Face scarcely protuberant. Palpus in cf moderate, in 9 long, second joint densely rough-scaled, third joint smooth, in cf moderate, in 9 long, cylindrical, rather slender. Tongue developed. Antenna long, in cj bipectinate to two-thirds with rather short branches, in Q almost simple. Pectus densely hairy. Femora hairy. Hindtibia in gf dilated with hair-pencil, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen with rather slight or moderate dorsal crests. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa nearly straight, gently arched near apex, apex moderate or rather pronounced, termen oblique, scarcely convex, almost smooth or faintly subcrenu!late, cell less than one-half (usually two- fifths), DC? incurved, or vertical anteriorly, becoming oblique posteriorly, DC? curved, not very oblique, SC! from cell, rather closely approximated to C and SC?, but very generally free 1), SC? from stalk of SC*5, R! just separate, connate, or very shortly stalked, R? from considerably above middle of discocellulars, M! separate; hindwing with costa quite short, arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, weakly or moderately crenulate, rather long. tornus pronounced, inner margin long (in C very long), tufts of raised scales on upper surface at extremity of cell and from middle of inner margin to beyond R?, cell short (scarcely over one-third), DC? curved, strongly oblique, DC? arising distally thereto, little oblique, C parallel with SC for a very short distance near base, then very strongly diverging, SC? sepa- rate 2), R? from very near Rl, M! separate (Pi. Il, Fig. IO). c genitalia with uncus bifurcate, gnathos terminating in two points, harpe emarginate at the apex, juxta a long scobinated arm, penis rounded (ruginaria; tebhrosiaria has also been examined, and has much in common). Early stages imperfectly known. Larva rather stout and firm, of somewhat the aspect of Pseudo- ierbna, apparently without the specialization of head and prothorax characteristic of the higher 1) We have examined a very large number of specimens, and can state that in not more than ten per cent is there even an osculation with either of the adjacent veins (a rather noteworthy contrast to the following genus). 2) Shortly stalked in our figured specimen of amgurfers, Warren (P!. 1, Fig. 3); probably only as an exceptional aberration. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 31 Hemitheids. Pupa pale brown, speckled with blackish. Moore (Lef. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 419, t. 192, f. 10) and Semper (Schmett. Philipp. Vol. 2, p. 637, t. U, f. 16, 17) give two tolerably different-looking larvae (and pups) as crenaria, Guenée ; that of Semper will doubtless be cZ/ora, Cramer. An extremely natural genus, with probably the single exception of cinerea, Warren, of which we have only seen one example, and that quite cursorily; the Q we only know from Turner's characteriza- tion, but her shorter terminal joint of palpus and the unique resting posture of the species (see Kershaw, Vict, Nat. Vol. 14, p. 104, tab.) suggest at least a possibility of wide biological divergence, and Shorfisthes, Lucas, may ultimately require to be separated generically. As is often the case with large and homoge- neous groups, the delimitation of the various species is a matter of difficulty, and probably some of the forms which we here record as species should fall as subspecies or synonyms; some we have not even seen, while others have only been examined from the standpoint of their generic status, the specific being left for another occasion. Type of the genus : Pingasa ruginaria (Guenée) — Hypochroma ruginaria, Guenée. Geographical distribution of species. — Indo-Australian and African. SEcTION I, — 9 palpus with third joint considerably longer than second (Pimgasa, Moore). I. P. ruginaria (Guenée). W. Africa to Formosa. Hypochroma ruginaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 278 (1858). Hypochroma commutata, Walker. List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 21, p. 429 (1860). Hypochroma communicans, Walker, ibidem, p. 430 (1860). Hypochroma perfectaría, Walker, ibidem, p. 434 (1860). Hypochroma nyctemerata, Walker, ibidem, p. 444 (1860). Hyypochroma grandidieri, Butler, Cist. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 394 (1879) (var. ?). Pingasa ruginaria, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 419 (1887). Pingasa decristata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 492 (1902) (fide Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1904, p. 540). 2. P. chlora (Stoll). Malaysia, New Guinea, [Phalaena Geometra|] chlora, Stoll, 1n Cramer, Pap. Exot. iVio1:4- 0p: 283; Australia ; ? India. t. 398, f. C (1782) [PAalaena Pyralis, ex err., ibidem, p. 248]. Pseudoterpna ecchloraria, Hübner, Verz. bek, Schmett, p. 285 (1826?). Phalaena chlora, Verloren, Cat. Ins. Lep. Crameri, p. 268 (1837). Terpna chlora, Herrich-Scháffer, Samml. Aussereur. Schmett, Vol. r, p. 37 (1856). Hypochroma chloraria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 277 (1858). ? Hypochroma crenaria, Guenée, ibidem, p. 278 (1858). Hypochroma chlora, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 21, p. 437 (1860). ? Boarmia leucostigmaria, Nietner, Observ. Enem. Coffee-tree, p. 23 (1861) Hypochroma sublimbata, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat.Hist. (5), Vol.10, p. 232 (1882). Hypochroma paulinaría, Pagenstecher. Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Naturk. Vol. 38, p- 47, t. 1, f. 1 (1885). ? Pingasa crenaria, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 419, t. 102, f. 1, 15 (1887). ? Pingasa leucostigmaria, Moore, ibidem, p. 420 (1887). Pingasa candidaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 382 (1894) (var. ?). Pseudoterpna chlora, Swinhoe, "rans, Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 170 (1894). ? Pseudoterpna crenaría, Semper, Reisen Philipp. (2), Vol. 6, p. 637 (1902). 3. P. lariaría (Walker) (praec. form. ?). N. India to Borneo, New Hypochroma lariaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus, Vol. 21, p 433(186r). Guinea. Hypochroma irroratariía, Moore, Proc Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 632 (1867). Pingasa irrorataria, Cotes & Swinhoe, Cat. Moths Ind. (4), p. 506 (1588). 4. P. pseudoterpnaria ( Guenée). China, Corea, Japan. Hypochroma pseudoterpuaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o, p. 276 (1858). Hypochroma pryeri, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. z, p. 398(1878); Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 3. p. 35, t. 49, f. 9 (1879). Pseudoterpna. pseudoterpnaria, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p 228 (1897). 32 5: -I 8. LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA P. tebhrosiaria (Guenée) (prac. var. 7). Hypochroma tephrosiaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 277 (1858). Hypochroma pseudoterpnaria, Cotes & Swinhoe, Cat. Moths Ind. (4), p. 508 (1888) (nec Guenee). : Pseudoterpna tephrosiaria, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3. p. 473! 1895). P. abyssiniaria (Guenée). Hypochroma abyssiniaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 277 (1858). P. rhadamaria (Guenée). Hypochroma rhadamaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 277 (1858). Hypochroma alterata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol.21, p. 428 (1860). Pingasa interrupta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 204 (1901). Pseudoterpna rhadamaria, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 540 (1904). P. vespondens (Walker). Hypochroma respondens, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 21, p. 428 (1860). Hypochroma (?) distensaria, Walker, ibidem, p. 444 (1860). . P. allenuais (Walker). Hoypochroma attenuans, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 21, p. 430 (1860). Pseudoterpna attenuans, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 540 (1904). 10. P. distenta (Walker). Hypochroma distenta, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 21. p. 434(1860). 1r. P. disfensata (Walker). Hypochroma crenaria, var. A., Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o. p. 278 (1858). Hypochroma dispensata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 21, p. 435 (1860). Hypochroma celata, Walker, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 1593 (1866). Pseudoterpna dispensata, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 473 (1895). 12. P. hyfoleucavia (Guenée). Hypochroma hypoleucaria, Guenée, Maillard's La Réunion, Annexe G, p. 31 (1862). 13. P. eugrapharia ( Mabille). Hypochroma eugrapharia, Mabille, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (5). Vol. o, p. 347(1879). 14. P. batiaria (Plótz) (huj. gen.?). Hypochroma batiaria, Plótz, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 41, p. 302 (1880). 15. P. lahayei (Oberthür). Hypochroma lakayei, Oberthür, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 59 (1887); Etud. Ent. Fasc. 12, p. 3r, t. 7, f. 5o (1888). Pseudoterpna lahayei, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 3), p. 261 (1901). 16. P. rufofasciata, Moore. Pingasia rufofasciata, Moore, Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 247 (18885). Pingasa rufofasciata, Cotes & Swinhoe, Cat. Moths Ind. (4), p. 507 (1888). 17. P. rubicunda, Warren (praec. var.?). 2I. 22. 23. Pingasa rubicunda, Warren. Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 383 (1894). Pseudoterpna rubicunda, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p.382 (1900). recognita (Saalmüller) (huj. gen. ?). Hypochroma recognita, Saalmüller, Lep. Madag. (2), p. 494. t. 14, f. 260, 260a (1891). . P. alba, Swinhoe. Pingasa alba, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 491, t. 19, f. 6 (1891). Pseudoterpna alba, Swinhoe, ibidem, p. 171 (1894). Pingasa gracilis, Warren, MS. (in coll. Brit. Mus.). sienifrontaria ( Mabille). Hoypochroma signifrontaria, Mabille, Ann, Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 37, p. 65 (1893). P, javensis, Warren. Pingasa javeusis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 383 (1894). P. latifascia, Warren. Pingasa latifascia, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 383 (1894). P. subdentata, Warren. Pingasa subdentata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 383 (1894). N. India. Abyssinia. Madagascar, E. Africa. S. Africa. Sierra Leone. India. India to Celebes. Réunion. Madagascar. W. Africa. N. Africa. India to Ceram. Assam. Madagascar. Khásis, E. China, Japan. Comoro Islands. Java. Bachian. S. Celebes. FAM. GEOMETRID/ZE 33 24. P. venusta, Warren. Sikkim, New Guinea. Pingasa venusta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. rz, p. 384 (1894). Pseudoterpna venusta, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 474 (1895). 25. P. angulifera, Narren. — PI. lI, Fig. 3. Fergusson [sl., New Gui- Pingasa angulifera, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 283 (1806). nea. 26. P. subviridis, Warren. Assam. Pingasa subviridis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 308 (1896). Pseudoterpna subviridis, Hampson, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 12, p. 88 (1898). 27. P. subpurpurea, Warren. N. Borneo. Pingasa subpurparea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 31 (1897). 28. P. atriscripta, Warren. Goodenough Isl., Oueens- Pingasa atriscripta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 19 (1899). land. Howpochroma munita. Lucas, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. Vol. 16, p. 78 (1901 (nov. syn.). 29. P. blanda (Pagenstecher). Bismarck Archipelago. Pseudoterpna blanda, Pagenstecher, Zoologica, Vol. 29, p. 151 (1900). 3o. P. acutangula, Warren. New Guinea. Pingasa acutangula, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 10, p. 352 (1903). 31. P. vufilunata, Warren. British New Guinea. Pingasa rufilunata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. ro, p. 352 (1903). 32. P. meeki, Warren. British New Guinea. Pingasa meeki, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14. p. 125 (1907). SECTION II. — 9 palpus with third joint shorter than second (SAorfisthes, Lucas). 33. P. cinerea, Warren. S. E. to E. Australia. Pingasa cinerea, Warren. Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 382 (1894). Pseudoterpna singularis, Kershaw, The Victorian Natur. Vol. 14, p. 104, tab. (1897). Skorpisthes unda-scripta, Lucas, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. Vol. 15, p. 143 (1900). I3. GENUS HYPODOXA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Hypodoxa, nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — Face scarcely or little prominent, densely scaled. Palpus moderate to long, first and second joints long-haired beneath, third joint smooth-scaled, moderate to long, usually less extreme than in Q Pingasa. Tongue developed. Antenna over one-half length of forewing, in cf bipec- tinate with moderate or rather long branches (typically longer than in Pzmgasa), apical part simple, in Q nearly simple. Pectus densely hairy. Femora more or less hairy. Hindtibia in c dilated with hair- pencil r), in both sexes with all spurs. Metathorax not or scarcely crested. Abdomen with small or moderate paired crests. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa slightly arched at base and near apex, otherwise almost straight, apex moderate, termen bowed, oblique, subcrenulate, upper surface with a ridge of raised scales near base, cell almost one-half, DC? slightly incurved, DC? moderately oblique, SC! from cell, anastomosing or connected with C, SC? stalked, anastomosing at a point or longer with SC!, R! connate or separate, R? from somewhat above middle of DC, M! well separate; hindwing with costa rather short or moderate, apex somewhat rounded, termen crenulate, inner margin rather long, upper surface with tufts of raised scales (usually strong) in cell, at about one-third of wing (therefore well removed from DC, at least posteriorly), also at near middle of inner margin, cell not much less than one-half, DC?? rather variable, usually slightly or more decidedly approaching the 1) Not dilated in erebzsata. 34 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Pingasa-form, C shortly approximated to cell near base, SC? separate, R? characteristic, M! well separate. Cf genitalia with uncus bifid, gnathos rounded, terminating in a long blunt arm, harpe with scobinated clasper, vinculum lobed, penis pestillate. Early stages scarcely known. Larva of muscosaria red, lichen-like, found on fences (Lucas, Vict. Nat. Vol. 5, p. 25). Related to the preceding genus, and likewise forming a fairly natural group, though not quite so strictly consistent in all details. Distinguished by the less short cells, less elongate hindwing (especially of the gf), with less shortened costa, the constant anastomosis or connection of SC! of the forewing with C and SC?, presence of raised scales on fore- as well as hindwing, and several slight characters in venation, palpi, antenna, etc. Type of the genus : Hyfodoxa emiliaria (Guenée) — Hyfochroma emiliaria, Guenée. Geographical distribution of species, — Australia to New Guinea and Solomon Islands. 1. H.. emiliaria (Guenée). N. and E. Australia, New Hypochroma emiliaria, (Doubleday, MS.) Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, Guinea. p. 280 (1858). Hypochroma aurantiacea, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 6, p. 297 (1891). Hypochroma subornata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 360 (1806). Hypochroma purpurifera, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 6, p. 18 (1899) (nov. syn.). Hypochroma purpurissata, Lucas, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. Vol. 16, p. 77 (1901). Hypochroma assidens, Lucas, ibidem, p. 79 (1901). Terpna emiliaria, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 636 (1910). 2. H. multicolor (Warren) (prac. var. vel. syn. ?). St. Aignan. Hypochroma multicolor, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 17 (1899) 1). 3. H. viridicoma (Warren). a. Hypodoxa viridicoma viridicoma. Tugela (Solomons). Hypochroma viridicoma, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 18 (1899). b. Hypodoxa viridicoma interrupta. Florida (Solomons). Hypochroma viridicoma interrupta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 353 (1902). 4. H. basintgra (Warren). British New Guinea. Hypochroma basinigra, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. o, p. 352 (1902). 5. H. corrosa (Warren). British and Dutch New Ho ypochroma corrosa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 123 (1907). Guinea. 6. H. leprvosa (Warren). British and Dutch New Hyypochroma leprosa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14. p. 124 (1907). Guinea. 7. H. lichenosa (Warren). British New Guinea. Hypochroma lichenosa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 124 (1907). 8. H. muscosaria (Guenée). S. E. and E. Australia. Hypochroma muscosaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o, p. 28r, t. 6, f. 3 (1858). Hypochroma emiliaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 21, p. 441 (1860) (nec Guenée). Hi ypochroma (?) cetraria, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t.125, f. 7, 7a (1875). Hypochroma squamata, Felder, ibidem, t. 126, f. 14 (1875). Pseudoterpna muscosaria, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 385 ( 1900). Terpna muscosaria, 'Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 637 (1910). 9. H. deteriorata (Walker). New South Wales. Hypochroma deteriorata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit Mus. Vol. 21, p. 441 (1860). 1) Pingasa multicolora on type label. It is not unlikely that not only this, but some at least of the following five species, will prove to be forms of the very variable emz/raría. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 3 un Hypoehroma (?) horridata, Walker, ibidem, Vol. 26, p. 1544 (1862) (ab.). Boarmia (Ectropis) nigraria, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 126, f. 1 (1875). Pseudoterpna horridata, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 385. t. 6, f. 3 (1900). Pseudoterpna deteriorata, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 668 (1902). Terpna deteriorata, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 640 (1910). ro. H. erebusata (Walker). Hypochroma erebusata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus.Vol. 21, p.443 (1860). Hypochroma erebata, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 914 (1888). Pseudoterpna erebusata, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 385 (1900. Terpna erebata, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 638 (1910). 11. H. myriosticia (Turner) (huj. gen.?). Pseudoterpna myriosticta, 'Turner, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 28, p. 223 (1904). Terpna myriosticta, ' Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 638 (1910). Oueensland. Oueensland. I4. GENUS ZJEOLOCHROMA, NOV. GEN., PROUT AEolochroma, nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — Face slightly or scarcely protuberant, densely scaled. Palpus in both sexes moderate, first joined long-haired beneath, second joint stout, shortly dense-scaled, or long-scaled almost like first joint, third joint smooth, moderate or rather short. Tongue developed. Antenna rather long, in c bipectinate to or to beyond one-half, or nearly simple, with tufts of cilia, 3n Q minutely ciliated. Pectus densely hairy. Femora nearly glabrous, or hindfemur somewhat hairy. Hindtibia in cx not dilated, in both sexes with all spurs. Metathorax not or only very slightly crested. Abdomen with moderate or (more usually) strong dorsal crests. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa straight to near apex, then gently arched, apex moderate, termen bowed, oblique, weakly subcrenulate, cell almost one-half, DC? incurved or inangled (except in wmaria and subrubella; sometimes only weakly in one or two others of Section II), DC? vertical anteriorly, slightly curved posteriorly, SC! from cell, free, usually well away from both C and SC? r). SC?? normal, R! separate, M! separate; hindwing with costa rather short, apex rounded, termen rounded, weakly subcrenulate, tornus moderately pronounced, inner margin rather long, cell less than one-half, DC? curved, DC? nearly always arising further (some- times much further) distally, more or less curved, C approximated to cell to less than one-half, then rapidly diverging, SC? separate, R? characteristic. M! separate (Pl. I, Fig. 8). cf genitalia with uncus tapered, gnathos weak or atrophied, harpe fused, penis pestillate 2). Early stages unknown. This genus seems quite sufficiently distinct from Terfna in the scarcely protuberant frons, less hairy femora, etc.; the shape and facies are tolerably distinctive, but inasmuch as Terza, as at present constituted, presents great diversity in the latter respects this must not be over-emphasized. Type of the genus : ZEolochroma turneri (Lucas) — Hyfochroma turneri, Lucas. Geographical distribution of species. — Australia, New Guinea, Mysol. 1) lurner (Proc. Linz. Soc. N..S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 634) notes a specimen of Zzrzeri in which SC! anastomoses with SC?*, and we have observed the same in one of /azgu£da; but such an occurrence is evidently quite exceptional. 2) JE. lurneri, prasina and suff«sa examined, which show sufficient specific differences. LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 36 SECTION I. — c antenna not bipectinate. 1. ZE. lurneri (Lucas). Hypochroma turuerií, Lucas, Proc. Linn, Soc. N. S. Waies (2), Vol. 4, p. 1096 (1890). Actenochroma turnert, "Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 633 (1910). 2. ZE. prasina (Warren). Actenochroma (?) prasina, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 282 (1896). Actenochroma discolor, Warren, ibidem, p. 359 (1896). Actenochroma prasina, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 669 (1902). 3. AE. suffusa (Warren). — PI. 1, Fig. 4, 4a. Actenochroma|?) prasina ab. suffusa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 283 (1896). 4. «E. albifusaria (Walker). Boarmia albifusaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 35, p.1589 (1866). 5. AE. modesta (Warren) (huj. sect. ?). Hypochroma modesta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 10, p. 350 (1903). 6. AE. amethystina (Warren). Actenochroma amethystina, Warren, Novit. Zocl. Vol. 14, p. 123 (1907). SECTION II. — gf antenna bipectinate. 7. E. hypochromaria (Guenée). Cleorva (?) hypochromaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. ILép. Vol. 9, p. 234 (1858). Hypochroma hypochromaria, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 909 (1888). Pseudoterpna bryophanes, "Turner, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 28, p. 222 (1904). Terpna hypochromaria, 'Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 641 (1910). 8. AE. unitaria (Walker) (huj. gen. ?). Tephrosia unitaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 21, p. 417 (1860). Hypochroma acanthina, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p- 910 (1888). Terpna acanthina, 'Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 641 (1910). 9. ZE. melarhodata (Walker). Sceotosia metarhodata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus.Vol.26, p. 1724(1862). Hypochroma metarhodata, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc N.S. Wales (2), Vol.2, p. 908 (1888). Terpna metarhodata, Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 640 (1910). 10. ZE. saturataria (Walker). Hypochroma saturatariía, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit, Mus. Vol. 35, p. 1593 (1866). Hypochroma perfulvata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 326 (1899). Pseudoterpna saturataria, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2. p. 384, t. 5, f. 6 (1900). Hypochroma saturataria ab. perviridata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. ro, p- 351 (1903) (ab.). II. ZE. viridicata (Lucas) (huj. gen.?). Hypochroma viridicata, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 4, P. 1094 (1890). Terpna viridicata, 'Turner, ibidem, Vol, 35, p. 641 (1910). 12. ZE. quadrilinea (Lucas). Hypochroma quadr ilinea 1), Lucas, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. Vol.8,p.80 (1892). Actenochroma ochrea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 360 (1896). Hwpochroma ochrea, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 4, p. 207 (1897). Pseudoterpna quadrilinea, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 669 (1902). Terpna quadrilinea, Turner, Proc. Linn.Soc.N.S. Wales, Vol. 35, p.642 (1910). 1) Hyfochroma quadripartita on type label. Queensland. Fergusson Isl., British and Dutch New Guinea. Fergusson Isl., British and Dutch New.Guinea. Mysol. British New Guinea. British New Guinea. N.to S. E. Australia. E. and S. E. Australia. S. E. Australia. Mysol, New Guinea, N. and W. Australia. Queensland. Queensland. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 37 13. AE. subrubescens (Warren). Queensland. Hypochroma subrubesceus, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. ror (1896). Terpna subrubescens, Turner, Proc. Linn.Soc.N.S. Wales, Vol.35.p.642 (1910). I4. ZE. caesia (Warren). Ron to Fergusson Isl. Actenochroma (?) caesia, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 232 (1896). Hypochroma caesia, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 13, p. 77 (1906). 15. ZE. languida (Warren). British New Guinea. Actenochroma languida, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 222 (1898). 16. ZE. subrubella (Warren) (huj. gen. ?). British New Guinea. Hoypochroma subrubella, Waxren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1o, p. 351 (1903). 17. AE. purpurissa (Warren). British New Guinea. Hypochroma purpurissa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 77, t. 10,f. 14 (1906). 18. ZE. rufivaria (Warren). British New Guinea. Hypochroma rufivaria, Warren, Novit, Zool. Vol. 14, p. 125 (1907). 15. GENUS METALLOLOPHIA, WARREN Metallolophia. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2. p. 88 (1895). Characters. — Face scarcely protuberant, densely but smoothly scaled. Palpus moderate, second joint rather long-scaled beneath, third joint in c short, blunt, in Q moderate or longish. "Tongue developed. Antenna rather long; in cf lamellate, the lamella: sometimes with slight lateral prolongation, in Q almost simple. Pectus densely hairy. Femora apparently nearly glabrous in type species, moderately hairy in some cases. Hindtibia in c not dilated, in both sexes with all spurs present. Metathorax not appreciably crested. Abdomen with minute pair of crests on second segment, stronger crests on third and fourth, all metallic-coloured in type species. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa rather straight, apex moderate or pronounced, termen somewhat crenulate, strongly oblique (especially in the c of type species), cell nearly one-half, discocellulars forming a continuous curve, not appreciably angled at R?, SC! free, SC* normal, R! separate, R? from slightly above middle of DC, M!separate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen convex, somewhat crenulate in type species, inner margin long (very long in type species), cell at least two-fifths, discocellars rather variable, either separately or continuously curved, DC? never so oblique as in typical ZEolochroma, C approximated to cell to less than one-half, then very strongly divergent, SC? separate, M! separate. Early stages unknown. "This small group of evident allies presents no very salient structural features, so far as has yet been discovered, and might possibly be united with the preceding genus as another section thereof. In some respects it seems intermediate between that genus and Terfza. Unfortunately we have only had access to very meagre material, and largely in inferior condition. The metallic crests are not of generic value, being apparently absent in all but the type species, while on the other hand they are shown in one species of Aolochroma (subrubella). The narrower forewing and longer inner- margin of hindwing give to the cg of the type species a distinctive shape, but the difference of shape is less marked in the rest, though the inner margin of hindwing seems always relatively longer than in ZEolochroma. Type of the genus : Melallolophia vitticosta (Walker) — Hiyfochroma vitticosta, Walker (1895). Geographical distribution of species. — N. India and China to Borneo. I. M. vitlticosta (Walker). Borneo, Singapore. Hypochroma vitticosta, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus.Vul. 21, p. 438 | 1860). Metallolophía vitticosta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 88 (1895). 38 ILEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA s . opalina (Warren). N. India; ? China. Terpna opalina, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 349, t. 32, f. 14 (1893). Pseudoterbna opalina. Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 475 (1895). 3. M. ocellata (Warren). Khásis. Terpna (?) ocellata, Warren, Novit, Zool. Vol. 4, p. 207, t. 5, p. 25 (1897). Pseudoterpna ocellata, Hampson, Journ. Bombay Nat.Hist. Soc. Vol.14.p.654 (1903). 4. M. subradiata (Warren). Penang, Borneo. Terpna subradiata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 388 (1897). 5. M. arenaria (Leech). E. China. Pachyodes arenaria, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 144. t. 9. f. 12 (1880). Pseudoterpna arenaria, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p.229 (1897). l6. GeNUs TERPNA, HERRICH-SCHAFFER Terpna. Herrich-Scháffer, Samml. Aussereur. Schmett. Vol. 1 (Lief. 5-12 [1854] indescr.), p. 26, 37 (1856). Hypochroma (part.). Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 275 (1858) (nec Herrich-Scháffer, 1856). Pachyodes. Guenée, ibidem, p. 282 (1858). Pseudoterpna, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 496 (1889) (nec Hübner). Absala. Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 12. p. 149 (1893). Archaeopseustes. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 380 (1894). Calleremites. Warren, ibidem, p. 384 (1894). Psilotagma. Warren, ibidem, p. 678 (1894). Characters, — Build robust. Frons strongly protuberant (except in Piclaria and neonoma), densely scaled, but not tufted 1). Palpus moderate, second joint densely rough-scaled, third joint moderate to rather short, smoother scaled. Tongue developed, antenna somewhat variable in length, in gf usually bipectinate, with moderate to short branches, in Q usually nearly simple or weakly subserrate, rarely (luteipes, superans and. meonoma) shortly bipectinate. Pectus and femora densely hairy. Hindtibia with all spurs, in cf often with slight, but rarely (decorata, aficalts) with strong hair-pencil. Metathorax sometimes crested, but never with the highly-developed crest of Dindica. Abdomen with well-developed mediodorsal crests (small in Aaemataria and ornataria); Q abdomen typically very robust. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing usually broad, costa gently arched, apex moderate, termen somewhat curved, more or less oblique, usually more or less subcrenulate, cell nearly always less than one-half, DC incurved, SC! from cell, free 2), SC? stalked with SC?5, R! not stalked, M! not stalked; hindwing with apex rounded, termen waved or crenulate, sometimes rather irregular, tornal area sometimes produced, inner margin always long, cell usually short (one-third to two-fifths), DC usually with a trace of angulation at R?, but never of the extreme form of Pingasa, ZEolochroma, etc., C shortly approximated to cell in its second fourth, rapidly diverging, SC? nearly always separate (very shortly stalked in subornafa, and in the only known specimen of differeus), R? from somewhat above middle of cell, M! separate. cf genitalia with uncus bifurcate, gnathos pointed, with small scobinations, harpe emarginate at the apex, penis shuttle-shaped, pestillate, aedeeagus scobinated at the tip (vigens). Early stages scarcely known. 1) Slightly tufted in Percomfíaria, which is probably sz generis. 2) It is very remarkable that, notwithstanding the structural diversity within this genus, we have found absolutely no exception to this saving the unique type of ca/auxofs and a single example of oxzaaria, and in the latter SC! anastomes shortly on oze zizg only — an obvious sport. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 39 The moths which we include here should be divisible into at least two or three genera, but as we have not been able to find sharp lines of demarcation we have left them together. By subdividing the genus into subgenera, we have drawn attention to the variability of certain characters, which may be correlated with some real biological divergence. Type of the genus : Terpna haemataria, Herrich-Scháffer (1856). Geographical distribution of species. — Indo-Australian. ge A. — antenna simple; wing-margins non-crenulate. D 5 SUBGENUS I. — Cells very short; hindwing with SC? stalked (Calleremites, Warren). Sikkim. I. T. subornata (Warren). Callevemites subornata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 385 (1894). SUBGENUS II. — Cells almost one-half; hindwing with SC? separate (Psilofagma, Warren) Bhutan to W. China. 2. T. decorata (Warren). Psilotagma decorata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 678 (1894). Terpna dorsocristata, Poujade, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 64, p. 313, t. 7, f. 18, 18« (1895) (nov. syn.). Pseudoterpna dorsocristata, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p- 229 (1897). B. — gf antenna with extremely short pectinations. SUBGENUS III. — Wing-margins more or less crenulate; cells rather short (Absala, Swinhoe). N. India. 3. T. dorcada (Swinhoe). Absala dorcada, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 12, p. 149 (1893). Pseudoterpna dorcada, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol 3, p. 478 (1895). N. India. 4. T. pictaria ( Moore). Pachyodes pictaría, Moore, Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 248 (1588). Pseudoterpna pictaria, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 478 (1895). C. — gf antenna with rather short or moderate pectinations. SUBGENUS IV. — Wing-margins scarcely crenulate, that of hindwing not well rounded; cells very short; antenna about one-half, in Q not pectinate; abdominal crests small to moderate, metathorax not crested; underside of wings spoxted (Terpna, Herrich-Schàáffer — PacAyodes, Guenée). N. India. 5. T. haematariía, Herrich-Scháffer. Terpna haemataria, Herrich-Scháffer, Samml. Aussereur. Schmett. Vol. 1, t. [41], f. 205, 206 (1854); p. 37, 8o (1856). Pachyodes almaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 282 (1858). Pachyodes hoemataria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 21, p. 445 (1860). Pseudoterpna haemataria, Hampson, Fauna Ind, Moths, Vol. 3, p. 476 (1895) N. India. 6. T. ornataria (Moore). Pachyodes ovnataria, Moore, Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 249 (1888). Pseudoterpna ornataria, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 476 (1895) 7. T. amplificata (Walker). China. Abraxas amflificata, Nalker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 24, p. 1124(1862) Archaeopseustes amplificata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 380 (1894). Terpna amplificata, Warren, ibidem, p. 681 (1894). 40 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 8. T. leucomelanaria (Poujade). W. China. Pachyodes leucomelanaria, Poujade, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 64, p. 311, t. 7. — f. 17 (1895). Archaeopseustes leucomelanaria, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6). Vol. 20, p. 230 (1897). SUBGENUS V. — Wing-margins scarcely crenulate, that of hindwing well rounded; cells not very short; antenna short, in gf with moderate, in Q with short pectinations (Pacista, nov., Prout; type : T. superans, Butler). 9. T. superans (Butler). Japan, Corea. Hypochroma superans, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. r, p. 398 (1878); Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 3, p. 36, t. 49, f. 12 (1879). Pseudoterpna suberans, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 228(1897). IO. T. luteipes (Felder) (huj. subgen. ?). Cochin China. Pachyodes luteipes, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 125, f. 8 (1875). SUBGENUS VI. — Wing-margins distinctly crenulate; cells not very short; antenna about two-thirds, in 9 very rarely (ueonoma) pectinate; metathorax slightly crested, abdominal crests well deve- loped ; underside not golden-yellow, without large roundish discal spots (Lophophelma, nov., Prout; type : T. vigens, Butler). 1I. T. varicoloraria (Moore). N. India. Hypochroma varicoloraria, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 633 (1867). Pseudoterpna varicoloraria, Hampson, Fauna Ind, Moths, V01.3, p. 475(1895). Terpna varicoloraria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 233 (1598). 12. T. costistrigaria (Moore). N. India. Hwpochroma costistrigaria, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 633 (1869). Pingasa costistrigaria, Moore, Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 248 (1888). Pseudoterpna costistrigaria, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol.3, p.474 (1895). 13. T. vigens ( Butler). N. India. Hypochroma vigens, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5). Vol. 6, p. 127 (1880); Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 6, p. 63, t. 116, f. 3 (1886). Pingasa vigens, Moore, Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 247 (1888). Pachyodes vigens, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 169 (1894). Pseudoterpna vigens, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 475 (1895). 14. T. similis (Moore). India. Pingasa similis, Moore, Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 248 (1888). Pachyodes ruficosta, Hampson, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 8, p. 108, t. 150, f. 16 (1891). Pachyodes similis, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 170 (1894). Pseudoterpna similis, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 475 (18095). r5. M. erionoma (Swinhoe). Khásis. Pachyodes erionoma, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 12, p. 219 (1893). Pseudoterpna erionoma, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 474 (1895). 16. T. vuficoloraria, Warren. Borneo. Terpna ruficoloraría, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 32(1897). 17. T. rubroviridata, Warren. Penang to Borneo. Terpna rubroviridata, Warren, Novit, Zool. Vol. 5, p. 232 (1898). 18. T. tenuilinea, Wavren. Sumbawa. Terpna tenuilinea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 10 (1899). 19. T. $aroftila (Turner) (hic ponenda ?) N. Queensland. Pseudoterpna paroptila, Turner, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 3o, p. 130 (1906). Terpna parvoptila, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p.638 (1910). 20. T. neonoma (Hampson) Ceylon. Pseudoterpna neonoma, Hamypson, Journ. Bombay Nat, Hist. Soc. Vol, 18, p. 52, t. E, p. 24 (1907). FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 41 21. T. differens, Warren (huj. subgen. 7). N. India. Terpna differens, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 124 (1909). 22. T. calaurops, nov. sp. 1) Prout. Hong-Kong. 23. T. funebrosa, Warren (trans. ad subgen. sequ.?). Khásis. Terpna funebrosa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 308 (1896). SUBGENUS VII. — Wing-margins distinctly crenulate, of hindwing slightly irregular; cells not very short; antenna about two-thirds, in Cf shortly, in Q not pectinate; metathorax moderately crested, abdominal crests strong; underside golden-yellow, with large roundish discal spots (Dindicodes, nov., Prout; type : T. crocina, Butler). 24. T. apicalis (Moore) (trans. ad subgen. przc.?). N. India. Pingasia apicalis, Moore, Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 247 (1888). Pingasa aficalis, Cotes & Swinhoe, Cat. Moths Ind. (4), p. 506 (1888). Pseudoterpna apicalis, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 476 (1895). Terpna apicalis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 308 (1896). T. crocina (Butler). N. India. Hypochroma crocina. Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 6, p. 126 (1880); Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 6. p. 63, t. 116, f. 2 (1886). Dindica crocina, Cotes & Swinhoe, Cat. Lep. Ind. (4), p. 506 (1888). 26. T. leopardinata (Moore). N. India, Tibet. Hypochroma leopardinata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 634 (1867). ! ? Dindica leopardinata, Moore, Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 248 (1888) (— sequ. hl Un spec. ?). Pseudoterpna leopardiuata, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol.3, p.477 (1895). 27. T. mólleri (Warren). Sikkim. Dindica mólleri, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 349 (1893). 28. T. davidaria (Poujade). W. China. Pachyodes davidaria, Poujade, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 64, p. 31o, t 7, f. 16, 16a (1895). Pseudoterpna davidaria, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.(6), Vol. 20, p. 229 (1897). D. — gt antenna with long pectinations. SUBGENUS VIII. — Wing-margins strongly crenulate; cells one-half; face and vertex rough-scaled ; antenna little over one-half; thorax robust, metathorax slightly crested, abdomen with rather broad, not very high crests; underside with broad, velvety subterminal bands |Hyfpobafta, nov., Prout — Hypochroma, Guenée, nom. preocc. 2)] (gen. div. ?). 29. T. pevcomptaria (Guenée). Australia. Hypochroma percomptaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o, p. 280, t. 6, f. 4 (1858). Terpna percomptaria, Herrich-Scháffer, Samml. Aussereur. Schmett, Vol. 1, p- 62, 84, t. 95, f. 544, 545 (1858). Pseudoterpna percomptaria, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 385 (1900). NorE. — £Hiyfochroma nyssiata, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 125, f. 3, is a. Lymantriid, closely allied to, or identical with Mwnychryia senicula, Walker; H. edmondsü, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1) Terpna (Lophophelma) calaurops, nov. sp. — C, 46 mm. Nearly related to T. vigezs, Butler, differing as follows : antennal pectinations somewhat longer, SC! of forewing anastomosing shortly with C (possibly individual, not specific), cell of hindwing slightly shorter, coloration of upper surface rather darker, with costa more strongly blackish-strigulated, of under surface less tinged with yellowish; forewing with the base and a shade following the antemedian line reddish, area outside basal line light olive, not white; antemedian line not outcurved in submedian area, becoming rather more oblique at inner margin; postmedian line rather thicker, arising at 5 mm. from apex, the teeth on R? and M! much blunter; subapical spot light olive, not white; hindwing with discal mark strong, produced along the base of R! so as to form a more pronounced crook than in vzgezs ; postmedian line with the teeth followed by thick black vein-marks; subterminal bands beneath broad, that on forewing followed by some dark shading which nearly absorbs the white terminal area, leaving free only a small apical patch and some very small patches or spots between R? and tornus. Hong-Kong. Type in coll. L. B. Prout. 2) Type : Zercomftaria, Guenée, Moore sel. (Les. Cey/. Vol. 3, p. 419). 42 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Lond. 1882, p. 364, a Larentiine (genus XantAorhoe); H. maculata, Lucas, Proc, Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 4, p. 1095 (sec. specim. typ.) is a close relative of Racofis boarmiaria, Guenée (subfamily Geome- ivinae — Boarmiinae), differing only in the antennal structure. Other species erroneously erected as Hypographa have been correctly removed by Hampson and Meyrick. I7. GENUS DINDICA, MOORE Dindica. Moore, Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 248 (1885). Perissolophia. Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond p. 350 (1893). Pseudoterpna, sect. II. Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 477 (1895). Characters. — Face strongly protuberant below, with dense tuft of projecting scales. Palpus moderate (length nearly twice diameter of eye), rather stout, second joint densely long-haired, third joint more shortly scaled, in gf moderate, in Q rather elongate. Tongue developed. Antenma rather long (about two-thirds length of forewing), in gf bipectinate to beyond one-half, with shortish or quite moderate pectinations, in Q minutely ciliated. Thorax with very powerfully developed posterior crests. Pectus and femora densely hairy. Hindtibia in cf dilated with hair-pencil, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen crested, the crest on fourth segment very strong (Pl. 5). Forewing not broad, costa slightly arched, apex moderate, termen oblique, little convex, waved, tornus more or less rounded off, cell nearly one-half, DC incurved, SC! free, SC?» normal, R! just separate or sometimes connate, R? from little above the middle of cell, M! separate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen somewhat crenulate, strongly convex, termen usually pronounced, cell somewhat less than one-half, DC? usually somewhat curved, DC? oblique, C approximated to cell to less than one-half, then very strongly diverging, SC? approx- imated to R!, sometimes connate or even (rarely) minutely stalked, R? characteristic, M! approximated to R?. gf genitalia : uncus pointed, bifurcate, gnathos strongly scobinated, harpes elaborately dentate, penis pestillate, coremata present. Early stages unknown. Differs from Terfna in the exaggerated crests, tufted frons, and probably other slight characters. Nearest the subgenus Dindicodes. Type of the genus : Dindica polyphaenaria (Guenée) — Hypochroma fpolyphaenaria, Guenée — Dindica basiflavata, Moore (1888). Geographical distribution of species. — N. India to Japan and Formosa, Celebes, etc. Ll . D. polyphaenaria (Guenée). N. India, Borneo, Formosa. Hypochroma polyphaenaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 280(1858). . Hypochroma basiflavata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 632 (1867). Dindica basiflavata, Moore, Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 248 (1888). Pseudoterpna polyphaenaria, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 170 (1894). Dindica polyphaenaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 382 (1894). 2. D. para, Swinhoe. N. India. Dindica para, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 490 (1891). 1 Pseudoterpna polyphaenaria (part.), Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 477 (1895) (nec Guenee). 3. D. marginala, Warren. Celebes, Borneo. Dindica marginata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. rz, p. 382 (1894). 4. D. virescens (Butler). Japan, Corea. Bylazora virescens, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. zr, p. 398 (1878); Ill. Het. Coll, Brit. Mus. Vol. 3, p. 35, t. 49, f. 8 (1879). FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 43 Pseudoterpna koveana, Alphéraky, Roman. Mém. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 181, t. 10, f. 6 (1897) (nov. syn.). Actenochroma virescens, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 230 (1897). 5. D. subrosea (Warren). — Pl. I, Fig. 5. N. India. Perissolophia subrosea, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 350 (1893). Pseudoterpna subrosea, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p, 478 (1895). 6. D. subsimilis (Warren). Perissolophia subsimilis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 232 (1898). Pseudoterpna subsimilis, Hampson, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 14, p. 654 (1902). 7. D. purpurata, Bastelberger. Formosa. Dindica purpurata, Bastelberger, Intern. Ent. Zeit. Guben, Vol. 4, p. 248 Zu "undiras (191r). I8. GENUS CYNEOTERPNA, NOV. NOM., PROUT Cyneoterpna, nov. nom. Prout. Autanepsia. Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 629 (1910) (nec Turner, 1908). Characters. — Frons tufted. Head with a hood projecting above frons. Palpus rather long, second joint hairy bencath, third joint long, close-scaled. Tongue developed. Antenna in c bipectinate with moderate branches, apical one-third simple; in Q simple. Pectus and femora densely hairy. Hindtibia in gf not dilated, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen very slightly crested. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing rather elongate, costa nearly straight, termen crenulate, DC incurved, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C and SC?, SC*?* stalked, from well before R!, R? from close to R! (exceptionally even stalked), M! separate; hindwing with apex somewhat cut away, termen crenulate, especially from R? to M?, inner margin rather long, C approximated to cell near one-half, then rapidly diverging, SC? rather widely separate from R!, R? from close to R!, M! well separate. Early stages unknown. Probably related to Terpna (Hypobapta) bercomptaria, though not extremely closely. Type of the genus : Cymneoterfna wilsoni (Felder) — Hypochroma wilsoni, Felder. Geographical distribution of species. — Australian. I. C. oilsoni (Felder). S. E. and N. E. Australia. Hypochroma wilsoni, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 125, f. 4, 4a (1875). Autanepsia wilsoni, ''urner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 63o (1910). I9. GeNus SPHAGNODELA, WARREN Sphagnodela. Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 35r (1893). Characters. — Face somewhat protuberant; face and vertex strongly rough-scaled. Palpus quite moderate, rough-scaled, in both sexes with terminal joint quite small. Tongue developed. Antenna in gf with rather short, clavate pectinations to near apex, in Q almost simple. Metathorax slightly crested. Pectus and femora hairy. Hindtibia in c not dilated, in both sexes with all spurs well deve- loped. Abdomen crested. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa arched, apex moderate, termen rounded, waved, not very long, cell about one-half, discocellulars curved, DC? becoming very oblique, SC! anastomosing with C, SC? normal, sometimes anastomosing at a point with SC!, R! separate, M! widely separate ; hindwing with costa longer than in the allies, apex rather pronounced; 44 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA termen not strongly convex, waved, inner margin not elongate, cell less than one-half, DC? deeply incurved anteriorly, becoming very oblique posteriorly, C approximated to cell to at least one-half, not very rapidly diverging, SC? connate or more usually short-stalked with R'!, rarely just separate, R? from near Rl, M! widely separate. Early stages unknown. Perhaps another derivative of Ter$za, but rather isolated; hindwing proportions differing from those of all the preceding genera of the group. Type of the genus : Sf/agnode/a lucida, Warren (1893). Geographical distribution of species. — N. India to Tibet. I. S. lucida, Warren. N. India, Tibet. Sphagnodela lucida, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 351, t. 32, f. 13 (1893). 20. GENUS CRYPSIPHONA, MEYRICK Crypsiphona. Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 9o1 (1888); Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 630 (1910). Characters. — Face not protuberant, smoothly scaled. Palpus moderate, second joint hairy beneath, third joint moderate (melanosema) or short. Tongue developed. Antenna rather long, in c bipectinate to at least three-fourths with moderate branches, apex minutely ciliated, in Q minutely ciliated. Thorax sometimes with slight anterior crest. Pectus and femora densely hairy. Hindtibia in c sometimes dilated (ide Meyrick), sometimes simple (ocultaria), in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not appreciably crested, with lateral tufts. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa very slightly arched, apex rather pronounced, termen oblique, subcrenulate, cell nearly one-half, DC slightly incurved (sometimes nearly straight), SC! from cell, anastomosing with C and with SC? (occasionally SC? even touches C at a point), SC?5 from near to or even very short-stalked with R!, M! separate; hindwing with costa rounded, termen crenulate, tornus more or less rounded, inner margin long, cell somewhat less than one-half, DC very oblique, nearly straight to sinuous, C shortly approximated to cell, then strongly diverging, SC? separate (or connate, fide Turner), M! separate. G* genitalia : uncus bifid (two broad arms), emarginate at the tip, gnathos practically atrophied, harpe of irregular shape, with projecting sacculus, penis rounded, with a strong thorny cornulus on the vesica ; on the eighth sternite there is a fold emitting a fringe of spatulate scales, divided into three parts by two pairs of longer scales. Early stages apparently undescribed; larva of ocultaria on Eucalyftus. Type of the genus : Cryjsiphona melanosema, Meyrick (1910) 1). Geographical distribution of species. — Australian. 1. C. melanosema, Meyrick. W. Australia. Crypsiphona melanosema, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. oor (1888). 2. C. ocultaria (Donovan). Australia. Phalaena ocultaria, Donovan, Ins. New Holland, t. [36], f. **** (1805). I) lurner's selection is the oldest known to us, but is rather unfortunate, as he redescribes the genus from ocu/faria ; moreover, other strong recommendations which have been put forward for the selection of types point to ocu/faria as the better choice; it is the commonest and best-known species, and the generic name lias a similar significance to the specific one. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 45 Boarmia ocultaria, Boisduval, Faune Ent. Pacif. Vol. 1, p. 257 (1832). Hypochroma occultaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o, p. 281 (1858). Crypsiphona occultaria, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p- 903 (1888). 3 C. amaura, Meyrick. W. Australia Crypsiphona amaura, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p- 902 (1888). 21. GeNUs SYNCLYSMUS, BUTLER Synclysmus. Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 4, p. 242 (1879). Characters. Face and vertex rough-haired. Palpus small, second joint rough-scaled, third joint in gf minute, concealed (Q unknown). Tongue wanting. Antenna short, in cf bipectinate to about two-thirds, with long, rapidly decreasing pectinations. Pectus and femora strongly hairy. Hindtibia in gf rather short, greatly swollen, with terminal spurs only. Metathorax apparently crested (abraded). Abdomen crested. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa straight (or almost concave) in proximal part, arched distally, apex moderate, termen rather straight, faintly waved, cell about one-half, DC gently incurved, SC! free or anastomosing with C, SC?? normal, R! just separate, M! separate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen waved, rounded, inner margin long, cell almost one-half, DC some- what incurved, becoming oblique, C approximated to cell for some distance, then moderately rapidly diverging, SC? connate, R? from somewhat above middle of DC, M! connate or just separate, M? from near M!. Early stages unknown. "This and the following genus are probably not very nearly related to those that have preceded, though they seem to be derivatives of the same main stirps. Their white or whitish colour dissociates them superficially therefrom. Type of the genus : Syaclysmus niveus, Butler (1879). Geographical distribution of species. — Madagascar. I. S. niveus, Butler. Madagascar. Synclysmüs niveus, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 4, p. 242 (1879). 22. GENUS XENOCHROMA, WARREN Xenochroma, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 497 (1902). Characters. — Face not protuberant, shortly scaled. Palpus rather short, rather slender, second joint shortly scaled, third joint quite small. Tongue short and slender. Antenna (in Cf not certainly known) in 9 bipectinate to beyond two-thirds, with short branches, apex nearly simple, with single short bristles, or merely serrate. Pectus strongly hairy. Hindtibia in cf much dilated (salsa), in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen crested, in Q very robust. Frenulum developed, or in 9 rather weak, costa of hindwing without appreciable basal expansion. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex acute, termen not crenulate, in the type species strongly elbowed at M!, cell less than one-half, DC incurved, SC! free, from cell or connate with SC?», SC? normal, M! stalked or just separ- ate; hindwing with apex moderate, termen convex, in type species strongly elbowed at M!, cell less than one-half, DC incurved, C approximated closely to cell for a short distance (sometimes fused at a 46 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA point), moderately rapidly diverging, SC? about connate, R* moderately characteristic, M! stalked (separate in salsa). Early stages unknown. A more specialized genus than any of the preceding, apparently, in common with those which follow, somewhat transitional towards our fourth Group. Types of the genus : Xezochroma candidata, Warren (1902). Geographical distribution of species. — Ethiopian. I. X. candidaia, Warren. E. Africa. Xenochroma candidata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 498 (1902). 2. X. planimargo, nov. sp. r), Prout. Nyassaland. 3. X. salsa (Warren) (huj. gen.?). Sierra Leone. Pareuchloris (2) salsa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 43 (1897). 23. GENUS PSEUDOTERPNA, HÜBNER Pseudoterpna. Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 284 (1826?); Herrich-Scháffer, Samml. Aussereur. Schmett., Vol. r, p, 26 (1856). Gharacters. — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes quite moderate, slightly upcurved, second joint hairy beneath, third joint minute, concealed. Tongue present. Antenna moderate, in gf bipectinate with short branches, apex simple; in Q filiform, minutely ciliated. Pectus and femora hairy. Hindtibia in &' somewhat dilated, with pencil of rather short hair, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen crested. Hindwing with very slight (almost negligeable) costal expansion, frenulum in gf developed, in 9 consisting of only a few long hairs. Forewing with costa scarcely arched, apex pronounced, termen entire, oblique, cell nearly one-half, DC variably curved, SC! usually free, occasionally anastomosing with C, SC? normal, R! connate or just separate, R? above middle of DC (sometimes considerably above). M! separate; hindwing with costa not short, apex somewhat rounded, termen little convex, inner margin scarcely elongate, cell nearly one-half, DC curved, C approximated to cell to about one-half, then rather gradually diverging. SC? connate or just separate, R* above middle of DC (sometimes extreme), M! separate. c genitalia with uncus bifurcate, gnathos blunt, squared at the tip, with small ($ruimata) or large (coromillaria) scobinations, harpe with spined clasper, penis rounded at the base, zedeeagus with saw-like projection at the orifice. Lanva. — Moderately stout, rigid, nearly cylindrical, with slight lateral flange; head bilobed, the lobes produced to points anteriorly; skin-surface strongly shagreened, prothorax with two points anteriorly, anal flap triangular, tubercles and sete very small. (All three species figured by Milliere, Icon. Chen., t. 91.) Pura. — Moderate, tapering anteriorly, light-brown or clay-colour, irregularly dark-spotted ; supra-anal plate long, anal armature apparently simpler than in most of the observed species. In a few threads among food-plant. 1) Xenochroma planimargo, nov. sp. — Q9, 4o mm. Build and coloration entirely as in .X. camd?dafa, Warren, differing only as follows : palpus perhaps slightly stronger, antenna merely serrate, termen of forewing nearly straight (slightly bowed), of hindwing strongly rounded, neither wing with the slightest elbow at M!. Face, front ot foreleg and outside and tip of palpus crimson, all else white, wings slightly dusted with ochreous grey, and with faint traces of ochreous grey postmedian line, as in cazdidafa. Forewing with M* just separate, hindwing with M! scarcely stalked. Blantyre, Nyassaland (J. E. S. Old). Type in coll. Brit. Mus. FAM. GEOMET RIDZE 47 'This genus is probably derived from a near relative of Pingasa or of Efijristis; the genitalia suggest a rather definite relationship with the latter. Meyrick and Hampson even merged many of the Indo-Australian forms in Pseudoterpna. Turner has pointed out that the advance towards specialization in frenulum-structure is too marked to warrant this (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 635), with which we are fully in accord, although we do not find the Q frenulum literally « obsolete », and rather prefer to show the natural affinities of the genus by placing it at the summit of Group II than removing it to Group V. Tyne of the genus : Pseudolerpna. pyuinata (Hufnagel) — PAalaena pruinata, Hufnagel — Pseudo- terpna cylisaria, Hübner (1856). Geographical distribution of species. — Europe to W. China. 1r. P. fruinata (Hufnagel). Europe to Armenia. Phalaena pruinata, Hufnagel, Berlin. Mag. Vol. 4, p. 520 (1767). Phalaena prasinaria, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p.626 (1775) (nec Hufnagel, 1767. Phalaena papilionaria (?), Wilkes, Engl. Moths and Butterfl. p. 6,t. 75 (1773) (nec Linné). [PAalaena] Geometra cythisaria (Schiffermüller), Schmett. Wien, p.07 (1775). Geometra cythisiaria, Jung, Verz. Eur. Schmett. p. 40 (1782). Geometra genistaria, De Villers, Ent. Linn, Vol. 2, p. 328 (1789). Pseudoterpua cytisaria, Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 285 (18267). Hipparchus cythisaria, Stephens, Cat. Brit. Ins. (2), p. 123 (1829). Hemithea genista»ia, Duponchel, Hist. Nat. Lép. Vol. 7 (2), p. 252 (1829). Hemithea agrestaria, Duponchel, ibidem, p. 257 (1829). Hemithea cythisarla, Boisduval, Gen. et Ind. Meth. Eur. Lep. p. 180 (1840). ? Hemithea porracearia (Rambur, MS.), Boisduval, ibidem (1840) (nom. nud.). Pseudoterpna pruinata, Lederer, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 3, p. 172, f. 1 (1853). Pseudoterpna pruinata var. virellata, Krulikovsky, Soc. Ent. Zürich, Vol. 23, p. 11 (1908) (var. ?). 2. P. covonillaria, Hübner. S. Europe to Taurus. Geometra coronillria, Hübner, Samml. Eur. Schmett. Geom. t. 93, f. 479-482 (1818?). Pseudoterpna coronillaria, Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 285 (18267). Hemathea coronillaria, Duponchel, Hist. Nat. Lép. Vol. 7 (2), p. 255 (1829). Pseudoterpna axillaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 339 (1858) (var. 7). Pseudoterpna coronillaria ab. armoraciaria, Oberthür, Et. Ent. Liv.20, p. 71, t. 6, f. 92 (1896) (ab.). 3. P. corsicaria (Rambur) (prec. var. ?) Corsica, Sardinia. Hemithea corsicaria, Rambur, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol.2, p. 32, t. 2, f. 6 (1833). Pseudoterpua corsicaria, Herrich-Scháffer, Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Eur. Vol. 3, p. 12 (1846). Geometra corsicaria, Heydenreich, Lep. Eur. Cat. Meth. (ed.53), p. 51(185r). Norr. — Pseudoterpna diphtherina, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1889, p. 496, is a variety or synonym of Cernía amyclaria, Walker. This was unfortunately unknown to us when we were working out the subfamily GEnochrominae, to which the genus belongs. 24. GENUS APODASMIA, TURNER Apodasmia. Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 6r2 (1910). Characters. — Face scarcely protuberant, shortly scaled. Palpus moderate, second joint strong, rough-haired above and beneath, third joint in both sexes small, concealed. Tongue present. 48 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Antenna in both sexes dentate, shortly ciliated. Pectus somewhat hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in cf not dilated, in both sexes with four well-developed spurs 1r). Abdomen not crested. Hindwing in both sexes with pronounced basal expansion, yet with frenulum persisting, though slender in the Cf. Forewing broad, costa ached at base, then rather straight, apex acute, but not produced, termen waved, little oblique in anterior half, cell nearly one-half, DC somewhat incurved, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C, SC? from stalk of SC* (its base very slender), anastomosing with SC!, R! separate, R? considerably above middle, M! separate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen somewhat crenulate, inner margin slightly elongate, cell nearly one-half, DC somewhat curved, € approximated to cell to nearly one-half, then diverging, SC? separate, R? from close to R!, M! separate. Early stages unknown. Another slightly intermediate genus between Groups II and V; yet here it js the c frenulum which has progressed most towards the latter, whereas in Pseudoterpna it is the Q. Type of the genus : 4fodasmia vufonigraria (Walker) Fidonia (7?) rufonigraria, Walker (1910). Geographical distribution of species. — Australian. 1. A. rufonigraria (Walker). E., S. E. and W. Australia. Fidonia (2) rufonigraria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 24, p. 1036 (1862). Epipristis rufonigraria, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 916 (1888). Apodasmia rufonigraria, 'Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 613 (1910). 25. GeENUs GNOPHOSEMA, NOV. GEN., PROUT (hic ponendum?) Gnophosema, nov. gen. lrout. Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus rather short, second joint densely scaled beneath, third joint small concealed (Q unknown). Tongue wanting. Antenna in cf moderately stout, with longish pectinations, extreme apex nearly simple. Pectus and femora somewhat hairy. Hindtibia in c not dilated, with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not appreciably crested. Frenulum in c developed, but with slight costal expansion. Wings shaped as in Pseudoterpna ; forewing with cell one-half, DC incurved, SC! from cell, free or anastomosing with C, SC? stalked to beyond SC^, M! approximated to R?; hind- wing with cell about one-half, DC slightly incurved, C approximated to cell to about one-half, rapidly diverging, SC? short-stalked with R!, R? from somewhat above middle of DC, M! connate. Early stages unknown, Type of the genus : Gnophosema isometra (Warren) — Gnofhos isometra, Warren. Geographical distribution of species, — N. W. India. 1. G. isometra (Warren). N. W. India. Gnophos isometra, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 321 (1858). Boarmia isometra, IHampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 283 (1895). 1) Turner refers to absence of inner terminal spur in &?, which betokens either one of the rare cases of individual variability or a spur lost through some injury. We have only seen two males, but they both have the terminal spurs fully developed FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 49 Group III 26. GENUS DYSPHANIA, HÜBNER Dysphania. Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 175 (18267). Euschema. Hübner, ibidem, p. 175 (1826?). Hazis. Boisduval, Faune Ent. Pacif. Vol. r, p. 203 (1832). Heleona. 5wainson, Zool. Illustr. ser. 2, Vol. 3, t. 116 (1833). Polenivora. Gistl, Naturg. Thierr. p. 9 (1848). Pareuschema. Thierry-Mieg, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 27, p. 181 (1905). js Characters. — lace rounded-prominent, densely scaled. Palpus rather long. second joint moderately rough-scaled, third joint rather long, cylindrical, smooth-scaled. Tongue developed. Antenna in both sexes bipectinate to apex, with rather short branches. Thorax robust, densely hairy beneath. Cox:e densely hairy. Femora scarcely hairy, except hindfemur of cf. Foretibia rather short, tarsus rather long. Hindtibia in c (except in Section II) with deep groove containing dense tuft of hair, in both sexes with all spurs present. Tarsi spinulose. Abdomen not crested, in c woolly-haired beneath (except in Section II). Frenulum fully developed. Forewing in both sexes with a well-developed fovea. Wing- shape variable, fringes short. Forewing with costa nearly straight or slightly arched, termen smooth, litle rounded, always very oblique (in the cf of the type species and its nearest allies excessively oblique), longer (or much longer) than inner margin, cell nearly one-half, usually produced apically, DC deeply incurved, SC! from cell, free or anastomosing with C (variable even in a single species), SC? normal, R! longish-stalked with SC?», R? very characteristic, M! widely separate; hindwing with costa arched, apex not pronounced, termen strongly convex, usually more or less irregularly, the part from tornus to near R? straighter, a marked gibbosity about R?, especially in c. cell one-half, or slightly over, DC? incurved, C approximated to cell in basal third, rapidly diverging, SC? separate, R? from near R!, M! widely separate (Pl. 1, Fig. 12). &' genitalia (milifaris) with uncus massive, tapered, gnathos strong, harpe with broad, extended sacculus, vinculum with long extended lower arm, penis triangular as the base, broader above, with strong two-pronged projection at orifice of «doagus; large coremata. Lanva, — Cylindrical, smooth, segmentation well marked, head rather small, anal flap somewhat pointed ; rests stiffly outstretched, with head and anterior segments bent downward ; not fully described (see Janson, Cis£. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 540, t. 10, p. 2; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 422, 423; Semper, Reisen. PIulibp. (2), Vol. 6, p. 635, t. U, f. 14; Dewitz, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 44(2). p- 267, t. 9, f. 1o-rob). PurA. — Obtuse anteriorly, anal extremity furnished with numerous hooks; of the ordinary Geometrid form, brown in colour, spun between leaves ( Janson, Moore, Semper, Dewitz, in loc. cit.). An exceedingly natural genus, of somewhat uncertain affinities, though evidently correctly placed in the present subfamily. The possession of a fovea in both sexes is a very peculiar feature. Some of the other distinctions from Group II — the quite different wing-lorm, smoother scaling (usually with some hyaline or semi-hyaline areas), woolly clothing of abdomen beneath, long-stalking of. R! of the forewing, etc. — may be, as Turner is inclined to believe, of secondary importance, and it is not unlikely that he may be justified in his view that the relationship to the TerPma-group is really not remote. Some of the species are variable, and the prevalence of geographical variation will render it 50 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA necessary to investigate the many forms anatomically before their true status can be established with even approximate correctness. We have considered it inexpedient to add to the existing confusion by introducing speculative synonymy, unless there seemed very strong grounds for it; it will probably prove, therefore, that we have erred in the other direction, of leaving too many forms distinct. Some good critical notes have been published by Bastelberger, Sfett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 66. p. 201-224, Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Nat. Vol. 60, p. 73-77, etc. Tyne of the genus : DyshAania numana (Cramer) — PAalaena Attacus numana, Cramer — DysfAhania numenia, Hübner. Geographical distribution of species. — Indo-Australian. SECTION I. — cf hindtibia strongly dilated (DyvspAamia, Hübner). 1. D. numana (Cramer). — Pl. Il, Fig. 6 1). Celebes, Moluccas, Timor. Phalaena Attacus numana, Cramer, Pap. Exot. Vol. 3, p. 59, 176, t. 227, f. A, t. 228, f. A (1779). Bombyx numana, Olivier, Encycl. Méth. (Ins.) Vol. 5, p. 32 (1790). Dysphania numenia, Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 175 (1826 ?). Dysphania numana, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2, p. 342 (1854). Hazis numanaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 1o, p. 190 (1858). Euschema flavata, Walker, List Lep Ins. Vol. 3r. p. 172 (1864! (nov. syn.) 1). Euschema numana, Róber, Tijdschr. v. Ent. Vol. 34, p. 332 (1891). Dysphania flavata, Swinhoe, Lep. Het, Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 378 (1900). Dysphania numana arcuata, Bastelberger, Iris, Vol. 20, p. 257 (1907) (ab.). Dysphania numana albipunctulata, Bastelberger, ibidem, p. 258 (1907) (var. ?). Dysphania numana leucophorata, Bastelberger, ibidem, p. 258 (1907) (albipunc- tulata ab. ?). . D. helenetta (Walker) (prac. form. ?). Ceram, ? Woodlark. Euschema helenctta (While, MS.), Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 7, p. 1667 (1856). N 3. D. goramensis, Bastelberger (numana form. ?). Goram. Dysphania goramensis, Bastelberger, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 66, p. 215 (1905). 4. D. peregrina, Bastelberger. Oby. Dysphania peregrina, Bastelberger, Ent. Zeit. Guben, Vol. 18, p. 115 (1905). 5. D. fenestrata (Swainson). a. Dysphania fenestrata fenestrata., N. W. to N. Australia. Heleona fenestrata, Swainson, Zool. Ill. (2), Vol. 3, t. 116 (1833). ? Hazis tasmaniae, Le Guillou, Rev. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 257 (1841) 2). ? Hazis tasmanicaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. ro, p. 189 (1858) (ead. ac prec.). Hazis velitaria, Guenée, ibidem, p. 191 (1858). Dysphania chalybeata, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), Vol. 18, p. 127 (1876). Dysphania fenestrata, Kirby, Handb. Lep. Vol. 5, p. 236, t. 149, f. 1 (1897). b. Dysphania fenestrata magnifica, N. Queensland. Dysphania magnifica, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 377 (1900). Dysphania purpurascens et fulgurata, Warren, MS. (in coll. Brit. Mus.) c. Dysphania fenestrata splendida. E. Oueensland. Dysphania splendida, Bastelberger, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 66, p. 216 (1905). 6. D. tentans (Walker) (prec. subsp. ?). a. Dysphania tentans tentaus, MysoltoNew Guinea, ? N.Queens- Euschema tentaus, Walker, List Lep. 1ns. Brit. Mus. Vol. 3r, p. 175 (1864). land. Dysphania tentans, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 378 (1900). Dysphania tentans ab. velata, Bastelberger, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 66, p. 212 (1905) (ab.). b. Dysphania tentans subalbata, 'Trobriand Isl. Dysphania tentans subalbata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 352 (1902). 1) We figured from a typical example of /Zava/a, Walker, but afterwards arrived at the conclusion that this, and not the following, is the true numana of Cramer. His type figure (t. 227, f. A, c] is from a discoloired specimen, and almost unrecognizable. 2) Description unintelligible and locality (Hobart Town) probably inaccurate. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE S 7. D. tyrianthina (Butler). Duke of York Islands, ? Neu- Heleona tyrianthina, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 1o, p. 231 (1882). Mecklenburg. Euschema thyriantina, Pagenstecher, Zoologica, Vol. 29, p. 150 (1900). 8. D. fulvilauta, Warren (praec. var. ?). | Neu-Hannover, Neu-Meck- Dysphania fulvilauta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 350 (1902). lenburg. Dysphania innotata, Warren, MS. (in coll. Brit. Mus.). 9. D. snelleni (Pagenstecher). Moluccas. Hazis snelleni, Pagenstecher, Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Vol. 39, p. 163 (1886). 10. D. semifulva, Warren. Solomons. Dysphania semifulva, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 124 (1909). 1I. D. latifíava, Warren. New Guinea. Dysphania latiflava, Waxren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 86 (1895). I2. D. latiplaga, Warren. S» Celebes: Dysphania latiblaga, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 351 (1902). 13. D. contraria (Walker). Celebes. Euschema contraria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 31, p. 173 (1864). Heleona beliicosa, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 104, f. 1 (1874). Dysphania contraria, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 378 (1900). 14. D. melleaía, Warren (prec. subsp. ?). N. Celebes. Dysphantia contraria melleata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 350 (1902). 15. D. longimacula, Semper. Philippines. Dysphania longimacula, Semper, Reisen Philipp. (2), Vol. 6, p. 636, t. 65, f. 9 (1902) 1). 16. D. cyane (Cramer). Moluccas to Bismarck Ar- Phalaena Attacus cyane, Cramer, Pap. Exot. Vol.3, p.137,174,t.267,f. D (1780). chipelago. Bombyx cyane, Fabricius, Spec. Ins. Vol. 2, p 506 (1781). Dysphania cyane, Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 175 (1826 ?). Chelonia cyane, Verloren, Ins. Lep. Crameri, p. 102 (1837). Euschema spectabilis, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 31, p. 174 (1864). Hazis cyane, Pagenstecher, Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Nat. Vol. 39, p. 162 (1886). Euschema cyane, Róber, Tijdschr. v. Ent. Vol. 34, p. 332 (1891). 17. D. flavimargo, Warren. 'Tenimber Isl. Dysphania cyane ab. flavimargo, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 350 (1902). Dysphania flavimargo, Bastelberger, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 66, p. 213 (1905). 18. D. imperialis, Warren. Mefor. Dysphania imperialis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 351 (1902). Ig. D. regnatrix, Waren. Solomons. Dysphania vegnuatrix, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 352 (1902). 20. D. imperatrix, Warren. Isabel Isl. (Solomons). Dysphania imperatrix, Warren, Novit. Vol. 10, p. 261 (1903). 21. D. flavicorpus, Warren. Choiseul. Dysphania flavicorpus, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 123 (1909). 22. D. filosa (Butler). Solomons. 2 Euschema pilosa, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 20, p. 240 (1887). 23. D. centralis, Rothschild. British New Guinea. Dysphania centralis, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 219, t. 10, f. 6 (1901). 24. D. foeyti (Guérin). Waigeu. Deileptena poeyii, Guérin. Voy. Coquille, t. 19, p. 3 (1830). Hazis mars 8, Boisduval, Faune Ent. Pacif. Vol. z, p. 205 (1832). Hazis marttaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lep. Vol. 1o, p. 190 (1858). Euschema mars, Walker, List Lép. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2, p. 408 (1854). Dysphania poeyí, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 87 (1895). Euschema poeyi, Thierry-Mieg, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 29, p. 175 (1907). 25. D. kühnii (Pagenstecher) (prec. form. Q?). Waigeu to Aru Islands. Hazis mars 9, Boisduval, Faune Ent. Pacif. Vol. 1, p. 205 (1832) (nov. syn., fide Thierry-Mieg in litt. j. Hazis kühnii, Pagenstecher, Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Nat. Vol. 39, p. 162 (1886). ? Dysphania remota ab. o bicolor, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 193 (190r). Euschema vulcanus, Thierry-Mieg. Le Naturaliste, Vol. 20, p. 175 (1907). 1) Semper s publication has apparently two months' priority over Warren's in .Vovif. ZovL. Vol. 9, p. 351. 32 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 26. D. remota (Walker) 1). a. Dysphazia vemota remota. ' Mysol, Bachian, ? Waigeu. Euschema remota, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 31, p. 176 (1864). "uschema cyanoptera, Pagenstecher, Ent. Nachr. Vol. 22, p. 54 (1896); Abh. Senckenb. Ges. Vol. 23, p. 458, t. 20, f. 10 (1897). Dysphania remota, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 378 (1900). ? Euschema. vemota, var. auctata, 'Thierry-Mieg, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 27. p. 181 (1905) (ab. ?). : ? Euschema remota var. albimacula, Thierry-Mieg, ibidem (1905) (ab. :). b. Dysphania remota conflueus, Oby, Dutch New Guinea. Dysphania conflueus, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 86(1895). 27. D. binolata (Walker). Ceram. Euschema binotata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 31, p. 176(1564). Dysphania binotata, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 375 (1900). Euschema auristriga, Walker, MS. (in coll. Brit. Mus.). Dysphania auristriga, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 86 (1895) (vix descr./. 28. D. bernsleinii (Felder) (prac. var. ?). Waigeu, ? Aru Isl. Heleona bernsteinii, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 104, p. 2 (1874). ? Hazis berusteinii, Pagenstecher, Jahrb. Nassau. Ver.Nat.V01.39, p.162 (1886). Dysphania bernsteini, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 86 (1895). Euschema hernsteinii, T hierry-Mieg, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 27, p. 181 (1905). 29. D. luteopicía (Walker). Ceram. Euschema luteopicta, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 31, p. 177 (1864). Dysphania luteopicta, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 379 (1900). 3o. D. auriplena ('Thierry-Mieg). Waigeu. Euschema auriplena, 'Thierry-Mieg, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 27, p. 181 (1905). 31. D. andamana (Moore). Andamans. Euschema andamana, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 599 /1877); Waterhouse, Aid, Vol. 1, t. 11 (1881). Dysphania andamana, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 379 (1900). Dysphania andamana ab. quadriplagiata, Bastelberger, Intern. Ent. Zeit. Guben, Vol. 5, p. 55 (1911) (ab.). Dysphania andamana ab. trausgressa, Bastelberger, ibidem, p. 55(1911) (ab.). 32. D. militaris (Linn). a. Dysphania militaris militaris, India, China, Java, etc. Phalaena Bombyx militaris, Linné, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10), Vol. 1, p. 505 (1758). Phalaena Attacus militaris, Linné, ibidem (ed. 12), Vol. 1 (2), p. 811 (1767). Bombyx militaris, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 559 (1775). Euschema militaris, Hübner, Verz, bek. Schmett. p. 175 (18267). Hazis militaris, Boisduvul, Faune Ent. Pacif. Vol. 1, p. 203 (1832). Heleona militaris, Swainson, Zool. Ill. (2), Vol. 3, p. 116 (1833). Hazis militaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 10, p. 193 (1558). Euschema abrupta, Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3), Vol. 1, p. 7o (1562). Dysphania militaris ab. síameusis, Bastelberger, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 66, p- 222 (1905) (ab.). Dysphania militaris ab. nigromarginata, Bastelberger, Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Nat. Vol. 60, p. 76 (1907) (ab.). b. Dysphanta nilttaris sagana. Euschema sagana, Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 781, t. ór, p. 3 (1882). c. Dysphania militaris selangora. Malacca. Euschema selangora, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol.12, p. 265 (1893). d. Dysphania militaris isolata. Dysphania isolata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9. p. 351 (1902). Dysphania militaris var. adempta, Bastelberger, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 66, p. 222 (1905) (ab.) (nov. syn.). e. Dysphania militaris jessica (bon, sp. ?). Nicobars, Andamans, Burma. Cochin China, Siam. Perak, Sumatra, Borneo. Dvysphanta jessica, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), Vol. r, p. 67 (1908). 33. D. scyllea (5winhoe) (przc. var. vel ab. ?). India. Euschema scyllea, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6j, Vol. 12, p. 148 (1893). Dysphania scyllea, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 380 (1900). 1) It is by no means impossible that this and the two or three following are also forms of one protean species (oz9£2]; but we have een extremely little material. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 53 34. D. excubitor (Moore) (sequ. form. ?). a. Dysphania excubitor excubitor. Burma (montic.). Euschema excubitor, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 846 (1578). Dysphania excubitor, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 379 (1900). b. Dysphania excubitor sodalis (vix diff. ?). Burma. Euschema sodalis, Moore, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Vol. 55 (2), p. 99 (1886). Dysphania sodalis, Bastelberger, Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Nat. Vol. 60,p. 74(1007). c. Dysphania excubitor fannitta. Nias, Sumatra. Dysphania fannitta, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), Vol. 1, p. 67 (1908). 35. D. subrepleta (Walker). Borneo, Malacca, Sumatra. Euschema subrepleta, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2, p. 406 (1854). Hazis bellonaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 10, p. 193. t. 15, f. 1 (1858). Dysphania subrepleta, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 380 (1900). 36. D. bellona (Walker). India to burma. Euschema bellona, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2, p. 405 (1854). Euschema roepstorfi, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 600 (1877) (var. 2). . Euschema lunulata, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 1o, p. 375 (1882) (ab.). Euschema ludifica, Swinhoe, ''rans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 202 (1890) (ab. ?). Dysphania bellona, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 380 (1900). 37. D. caeruleoplaga, Bastelberger. Andamans. Dvysphania caereuleoplaga, Bastelberger, Intern. Ent. Zeit. Guben, Vol. 5, p- 54 (1011). 38. D. andersonii (Moore) (prac. var. ?). Lower Burma. Euschema andersonii, Moore, Journ. Linn.Soc. Lond.Zool.Vol.21, p.56(1886). 39. D. plena (Walker). Philippines. Euschema plena, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 7, p. 1668 (1856). 3 Hazis manillaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 1o, p. 192 (1858). | Hazis balistaria, Guenée, ibidem, p. 192 (1858). Euschema bellonaria, Dewitz, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf, Halle, Vol. 44 (2), p. 267, t. 9, f. ro-105 (1882) (nec Guenée). Dysphania manillaria, Semper, Reisen Philipp. (2), Vol. 6(5), t. UTETASIS (1901). Dysphania plena, Semper, ibidem, (6), p. 635, t. 65, f. 8 (1902). 40. D. doubledayi (Snelen). Malaysia. Euschema malayanus, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2, p. 407 (1854) (nec Guérin). Hazis malayaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. ro, p. 189 (1855). Hazis doubledayi, Snellen, Tijdschr. v. Ent. Vol. 27, p. 53, 97 (1884). Dysphania malayaría, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 361 (1900). Euschema malayaria var. paupcra, Thierry-Mieg, Le Naturaliste Vol. 27, p. 181 (1905) (ab.) 1). Dysphania sericata, Bastelberger, Stett, Ent. Zeit. Vol. 66, p. 219 (1905) (ab. ; ead. ac praec.). Euschema angulata, Warren, MS. (in coll. Brit. Mus.) (ab.; ead. ac preec.). Dysphania doubledayi ab. affluens, Bastelberger, Stett, Ent. Zeit. Vol. 66, p. 205 (1905) 'ab.). Euschema aurilunulata, Warren, MS. (in coll. Brit. Mus.). 41. D. nigrostriata, Bastelberger (praec. ab. ?). Borneo. Dysphania nigrostriata, Bastelberger, Stett. Int. Zeit. Vol. 66, p. 211 (1905). 42. D. transducta (Walker) (doubledayi form. ?). Borneo, Penang, Sumatra. Euschema transducta, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. Vol.6, p.94 (1861). Euschema aurifusa, Warren, MS. (in coll. Brit. Mus.). 43. D. albescens, nov. sp. 2) E2EOlt- Borneo. 1) In case this form, which is certainly recurrent in Sumatra, should prove to constitute à local or seasonal race, it may be pointed out that Thierry-Mieg's name of Pauper (August, 1905) has three months' priority over Bastelberger's of sex;cafa (November, 1905). 2) Dysphania albescens, nov. sp. — O. ;2 mm. Like iransducta, Walker, of which it may even prove an extraordinary aberration, but with the forewing white, only slightly clouded with bluish from basal part of M? to SM?, ;. e. in the middle of the interrupted antemedian band, a small yellow mark at tornus (bounded by submarginaland marginal bands and by submedian fold), hindwing white as far as the postmedian line, golden-yellow distally thereto; dark markings in both wings exactly as in the less heavily marked examples of Zravrsdzcta, the streak from antemedian line anterior to SM? rather large and strong, as in normal douMedayr. Underside similar, but with heavier blotch between base of M? and SM? of forewing. Abdomen white, belted dorsally with light reddish brown, marked anally with yellowish and purple-grey, and with a yellow lateral line. Sarawak, 4th mile, Rock Road, 7 April, roo9. Type in coll. Brit. Mus., presented by the Sarawak Museum. 54 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 44. D. azurea, Bastelberger. Dysphania azurea,Bastelberger,Intern.Ent.Zeit. Guben,Vol.18,p.115(1905). 45. D. cancellata, Bastelberger. Dysphania cancellata, Bastelberger, ibidem, p. 116 (1905). 46. D. nelera (Swinhoe). Euschema malayana, Swinhoe, Proc.Zool.Soc.Lond.p.865 (1885) (nec Guérin). Euschema nelera, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 141 (1801). Dysphanta nelera, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol 2, p. 381 (1900). 47- D. palmyra (Stoll). Phalaena Bombyx palmyra, Stoll, Suppl. Pap. Exot. Cramer, p. 159, 184 [in err. 384]. t. 36, f. 1 (1790). Euschema palmyra, Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 175 (1826?). Phalaena (?) palmyra. Verloren, Ins. Lep. Crameri, p. 167 (1837). Cystidia (?) palmyra, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2. p. 342 (1854). Euschema transversa, Walker, ibidem, p. 407 (1854). Hazis palmyraria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 10, p. 190 (1858). Dysphania palmyra, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 381 (1900. 48. D. percota (Swinhoe). Euschema palmyra, Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 864 (1885) (nec Stoll). Euschema percota, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 142 (1891). 49. D. malayanus (Guérin). Hazis malayanus, Guérin. in Delessert, Voy. dans l'Inde (2), p. 89, t. 23, f. 2 (1843). Dysphania malayanus, Bastelberger, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 66, p. 201 (1905). 5o. D. recessa (Walker) (prec. form. ?). Sjito Euschema recessa, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. Vol.6, p.95 (1861). Euschema proba, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 6. p. 120 (1880); Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 6, p. 48, t. 113, f. 2 (1886). Dysphania supergressa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 87 (1895) (ab.). Dysphania recessa, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol.2, p. 380 (1900). Dysphania malayanus, Semper, Reisen Philipp. (2), Vol. 6, p. 636 (1902) (nec Guérin). Dysphania malayanus (part.), Bastelberger, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 66, p. 201 (1905). Euschema vecessa. var. luteomaculata, Grünberg, Sitzungsber. Berl. Ges. Nat. Freunde, p. 287 (1908). . minervaria (Guenée). Hazis minervaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 10, p. 190 (1858). Hazis pugnataria, Guenée, ibidem, p. 194 (1858). Euschema horsfieldi, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. Ind. House. Vol. 2, p. 334, t. 84, f. 7 (1859). Euschema patula, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 31, p. 175 (1864). D. aurilimbata (Moore). 5D): a7BX Euschema aurilimbata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 846 (1878). . auriblaga, Warren. Dysphania auripblaga, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 85 (1895). . D. flavidiscalis, Warren. Dysphania flavidiscalis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 86 (1895). Euschema flavidiscalis, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 4. p. 564 (1896). aurogultata, Warren. Dysphania auroguttatla, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. o, p. 349 (1902). discalis (Walker). Euschema discalis, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2, p. 407 (1854). . D. frunicolor (Moore). Euschema subrepleta (part.). Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2, p- 406 (1854) (nec typ ). Euschema prunicolor, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 414 (1879). Euschema bellissima, Moore, ibidem, p. 414 (1879) (ab.) 1). . N. Borneo. N. Borneo. S. India. S. India, Ceylon. S. India, Burma. Malacca, Singapore. Borneo, Perak, Sumatra, N. India. Java, Burma, Siam. Perak. Burma. Sula Islands. Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra. Ceylon. 1) It is most unfortunate that Hampson (Fawza 7nd. MofZ:s, Vol. 3, p. 469), who is tbe first to unite these two names, has chosen that of Brunicolor, which represents the much rarer form, and has not even the virtue that is supposed to attach to « page-priority ». But according to the laws of nomenclature, his selection must stand. 248 FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 55 58. D. conspicua, Bastelberger. Khásis. Dysphania conspicua, Bastelberger, Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Nat. Vol.6o, p 73 (1907j. 59. D. ares (Weymer). Nias. Euschema ares (Maassen MS.), Weymer, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 46, p. 279, t. 2, f. 9 (1885). Euschema electra, Weymer, ibidem, p. 281 (1885). Dysphania semifíava, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 87 (1895). Dysphania ares, Bastelberger, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 66, p. 218 (1905). 60. D. palestraria (Guenée). Java, Timor. Hazis palestraria (Boisduval MS.), Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 1o, p- 191 1858). Heleona cuprina, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 104, f. 3 (1874). Euschema palestraria, Thierry-Mieg, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 29. p. 175 (1907). 61. D. fruhstorferi (Róber) (przc. ab. ?). Java. Euschema fruhstorferi, Róber, Ent. Nachr. Vol. 21, p. 34 (1895). 62. D. interrufta, Bastelberger (falestraria var.?). Sumatra. Dysphania interrupta, Bastelberger, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 66, p. 206 (1905). Eusclhema sumatrensis, Fawcett, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1009, p. 882, t. 82, f. 6 (1910) (ab.) (nov. syn.). 63. D. bivexillata, nov. sp. 1), Prout. Sumatra. SEcTION II. — c hindtibia not dilated; 3 abdomen not woolly-haired beneath 2) (Pareuschema, 'Thierry-Mieg). 64. D. glaucescens (Walker). Malay Peninsula, Borneo. Euschema glaucesceus, Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 93 (1861). Euschema vegalis, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 6, p. 119 (1880). Dysphania glaucescens, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p.381 (1900). Pareuschema regalis, Thierry-Mieg, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 27, p. 181 (1905). NorE. — Euschema resumpta, Walker — semiflena, Walker, belongs to the Chalcosiinae; E. flavescens, Walker, to the genus CAafalma (Uraniid). Hazis agorius, Boisduval, Fauna Ent. Pacif. Vol. 1, p. 204, t. 5, f. r, is unknown to us, but evidently not a DysPzania; Butler (MS.) in coll. Brit. Mus. referred it to Praesos, Walker. Phalaena papilionaria, Drury, Ill. Nat. Hist. Vol. 2, referred to Heleona in Westwood's edition, is a well-known Chaleosiine (genus Cyclos:a). 27. GENUS CUSUMA, MOORE Cusuma. Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 415 (1879). Characters. — Face scarcely protuberant, densely scaled. Palpus moderate, stout, second joint rough-scaled, third joint smooth-scaled, moderate, slightly longer in Q. Tongue developed. Antenna not quite one-half, bipectinate to apex, in cf with moderate, in Q with slightly shorter 1) Dysphania bivexil!ata, nov. sp. — 9.64 mm. Head, with palpus and antennal shaft, light fleshy brown, crown mar;.ed with bright yellow. Body of the same fleshy brown, marked on sides and dorsally with bright yellow, this colour forming on the abdomen rather narrow belts at the ends of the segments. Forewing rather broad, termen not extremely convex (shape approaching that of Cwszeza) ; nondescript fieshy brown, with purple reflections — stronger in certain lights —and with vague suggestions of a paler subterminal band, oblique outwards from costa, strongly retracted from R?; costal margin also paler; a bright deep yellow streak along SC from base to about 5 mm.; a rather narrow, sinuous band across cell near its end, continued shortly and weakly into the space between M! and M?; a second rarrow band, much constricted in middle and even interrupted by vein R?, running from SC just beyond cell to M*; a slight, vague yellow mark in middle of submedian area; hindwing bright deep yellow, marked with purplish brown, the markings consisting of a rather large oval cell-mark, and |postmedian and subterminal bands formed much as in 7eva, Walker, etc., but meeting in à rather large tornal blotch. Underside similar. Sumatra (Crowley Bequest). Type in coll. Brit. Mus. The ground-colour is possibly faded from more purplish, but the markings are quite distinct from any species known to us. 2) Fide Thierry-Mieg, who founds the genus Paremsckema on these characters. We have only seen the OQ of g/awcescens. 56 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA branches. Pectus densely hairy. l'emora hairy. Hindtibia in c dilated with hair-pencil, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested, in cf densely woollv-haired beneath, and sometimes laterally. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing less elongate than in DysfAZamia, costa slightly arched, apex moderate, termen smooth, slightly convex anteriorly. then nearly straight, verv oblique, tornus rounded, cell almost one-half, DC? vertical, DC? deeply inbent, SC! free, SC?5 stalked, R! long-stalked with them, R? from considerably above middle of DC, M! well separate: hindwing with apex rounded, termen waved, cell less than. one-half, DC? gently curved, C! approximated to cell to rather less than one-half, rather rapidly diverging, SC? separate, R? from near R!, M! well separate. Fovea present in forewing, but less strongly developed than in DyspZania. Early stages unknown. Scarcely more than a subgenus of DyspAania, with less elongate wings, less developed fovea, rather shorter cell to himdwing, etc. Type of the genus : Cusima vilis (Nalker)— Euschema vilis, Walker — Cusuma limbata, Moore(1879). Geographical distribution of species. — (evlon. 1. C. vilis (Walker). Cevlon. Euschema vilis, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2, p. 408 (1854). Cusuma limbata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 415 (1879). Cusuma vilis, Moore, ibidem, p. 415 (1879). 2. C. flavifusa, Hampson. — Pl. 2, Fig. Il. Ceylon. Cusuma flavifusa, Hampson, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. o, p. 144, t. 168, f. 17 (1893). Euschema flavifusa, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 471 (1895;. Group IV 28. GENUS AGOSCHEMA, NOV. NOM., PROUT Agoschema, nov. nom. l'out. Dysschema. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 10 (1898) (nec Hübner, 18267). Microschema. Warren, ibidem, Vol. ro, p. 349 (1903) (nec Stàl, 1860). Characters. — Face slightly protuberant, with appressed scales. Palpus moderate to longish, rather strong, second joint shortly rough-scaled, third joint smooth, in cf rather short, in 9 elongate. Tongue developed. Antenna in gf bipectinate to about two-thirds, with shortish, moderately stout branches, apex simple; in Q nearly simple, minutely ciliated. Pectus and femora slightly hairy. Hindtibia in cf dilated with hair-pencil, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum developed 1). Forewing with costa nearly straight proximally, arched distally, apex not acute, termen curved, oblique, cell less than one-half, DC slightly incurved, becoming moderately oblique, SC! from cell, free, or anastomosing at a point with C, SC? rather long-stalked with SC??, R! short-stalked, R? from consider- ably above middle of DC, M! separate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen convex, somewhat gibbous in middle, tornus pronounced, cell short, DC? moderately oblique, C shortly approximated to cell near base (sometimes with anastomosis at a point), then verv rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R? from close to R!, M! connate with R?. 1) We have seen no good 2, but as the hindwing is without appreciable basal expansion, we assume it will be present FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 9n -I Early stages unknown. Warren refers the genus to the Dysphantinae (our. Group III), but it has no fovea, and. differs in several other particulars. The condition of vein € of the hindwing, the stalking of SC? and the Possible weakness of the Q frenulum may even be indications of a higher position than we have assigned it. Type of the genus : -»osc/iema goniaía (Warren) — Dysschema goniata, Warren [1898]. Geographical distribution of species. — New Guinea. 1. A. goniaía (Warren). — Pl. 2, Fig. 38. Dutch and British New Dysschema goniata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 10 (1898). Guinea, M icroschema goniata, Narren, ibidem, Vol. 10, p. 349 (1903). 29. GENUS CENOCHLORA, WARREN CEnochlora. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 353 (1396). Euarestus. Lucas, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. Vol. 15, p. 142 (1900). Characters. — lace scarcely protuberant, smoothly scaled. Palpus moderate, rather stout, second joint scarcely rough-scaled, third joint short, distinct, blunt. Tongue developed. Antenna long, in cf bipectinate almost to apex, in Q serrate. Pectus hairy. Femora somewhat hairy. Hindtibia with all spurs, in cf dilated with hair-pencil. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa strongly arched in basal half, apex moderately acute, termen slightly ventricose posteriorly, tornus rounded, cell less than one-half, discocellulars oblique, curved, especially DC?, SC! from cell, anast- omosing shortly with C and rather strongly with SC?, SC? from stalk of SC*?5, R! separate, R? about central, M! well separate from R?; hindwing with apex and termen rounded, inner margin rather long, anal angle pronounced, C appressed to SC to fully one-half of cell, SC? and R! separate, R? from a little nearer to R! than to R?, M! well separate from R?. Early stages unknown. Turner (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 644) considers this genus quite nearly related to the Terfna-group. This may possibly be correct, but as its exact position is by no means certain, we have considered that for taxonomic purposes it was more convenient to place it at the head of our Group IV. Type of the genus : (nochlora imperialis, Warren (1896). Geographical distribution of species. — ^*ustralian. I. CE. imperialis, Wavren. — Pl. 2, Fig. 4. Queensland, British. New GEnochlora imperialis, Naxren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 354 (1896). (Guinea. Euavestus nobilitans, Lucas, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. Vol. 15, p. 142 (1900). Euarestus patrocinatus, Lucas, ibidem, p. 142 (1900). 30. GENUS AGATHIA, GUENÉE Agathia. Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 388 (18558). Characters. — Face rounded-prominent, smooth-scaled. Palpus in cf moderate, in 9 long, second joint densely but not very long scaled, third joint smoother, in cf quite moderate, in 9 long to very long. Tongue developed. Antenna over one-half, in both sexes almost simple. Pectus and femora 58 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA hairy. Hindtibia in cf strongly dilated, with hair-pencil and usually with a rather broad but not long terminal process, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen usually somewhat crested, sometimes quite smooth. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa arched, apex usually acute, termen almost smooth or waved, little convex (in some species elbowed at R9), oblique, cell somewhat less than one- half, DC. incurved, SC! from cell, nearly always free, very exceptionally anastomosing shortly with C, SC? normal, R! separate, R? normal, M! separate; hindwing with apex usually rounded, termen irre- gular, strongly tailed at R? and slightly or rather strongly at R', tornus somewhat produced, ceil less than one-half, DC? incurved, C closely approximated to ceil for some distance, occasionally with short fusion basad, SC? approximated to R!, R? very characteristic, M! separate. cf genitalia with uncus bifurcate, gnathos with broad lip, harpe angulated, penis pestillate, coremata present. Lanva. — Moderately stout, with slight protuberances on prothorax and eighth abdominal, green in colour; feeding on species of Nerüium, etc. (Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 437, t. 197; 1. 15, etc. ). Pupa. — Rather slender, segmental incisions, eyes and spiracles well marked, form cylindrical, regularly tapering, abdomen light brown, black-spotted, a supra-anal plate and eight terminal hooks. Except in the curious variability of the crests, this genus exhibits remarkable uniformity of struc- ture. As with most large genera where this is the case, a more thorough revision is needed than the scope of the present work admitted; we have done little more than catalogue the described forms. They exhibit well-marked sexual dimorphism. Type of the genus : Aga/Aia lycaenaria (Kollar) — Geometra lycaenaria, Kollar (Moore sel., 1887). Geographical distribution of species. — Indo-Australian, straggling into the Palzarctic and ZEthiopian Regions. I. Á. lycaenaria (Kollar). India and S. China to Java Geometra lycaenaria, Kollar, Hügel's Kashmir, Vol. 4, p. 486 (1844). and Philippines. Geometra albiangularia, Herrich-Scháffer, Samml. Aussereur. Schmett. ol Tt:61: 457339] (1855)- Agathia lycaenaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 380, t. 3, f. 12 (1858). Agathia discriminata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 591 (1861). 2. A. laetata (Fabricius). India with Ceylon, Malay Phalaena laetata, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Vol. 3 (2), p. 164 (1794). Peninsula. ? Phalaena zonaria, Donovan, Ins. China, t. [44], f. ** (1799) 1). ? Hipparchus zonarius, Westwood, Donovan's Ins. China, nov. ed. p. 81, t. 44, f. 2 (1842). Agathia laetata, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 381 (1858). Agathia catenaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 590 (1861). 3. A. hemithearia, Guenée. India with Ceylon. Agathia hemithearia, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 381 (1858). 4. A. hilarata, Guenée. India, Borneo, ? Fergus- Agathia hilarata, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 381 (1858). son Isl. Agathia quinaria, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 639 (1867); Water- house, Aid, Vol. 2, t. 184, f. 2 (1889). Agathia prasina, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 12, p. 219 (1893). 5. A. intercissa, Walker. S. India, Ceylon. Agathia intercissa, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 592 (1861); Hampson, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 9, p. 146, t. 170, f. 3 (1803). 6. A. arcuata, Moore. N. India. Agathia arcuata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 640 (1867); Waterhouse, Aid, Vol. 2, t. 184, f. 3 (1889). 1) As this species is unknown from China, whence Donovan's specimen purported to come, the synonym cannot be regarded as absolutely certain. But even if the figure could be proved to represent a remarkable aberration of carzssi»:a, Butler, the name of sozarta could not be applied, being a homonym. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 59 7- A. carissima, Butler. Eastern Asia. Agathia carissima, Butler, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus, Vol. 2, p. 5o, t. 36. f. 7 (1878). Agathia lacunaria, Hedemann, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 14, p. 512, t. 3, f. 4 (1879). Agathia laetata, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 231 (1897) (nec Fabricius). 8. A. magnifica, Moore. Ceylon. Agathia magnifica, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 416 (1879). 9. A. gigantea, Butler. N. India to Java. Agathia gigantea, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 6, p. 217 (1880). Agathia diversiformis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 388 (1894). IO. A. visenda, Butler. Darjiling. Agathia visenda, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 6, p. 218 (1880). II. A. beata, Butler. N. India. Agathia beata, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 6, p. 218 (1880). 12. A. subdeleía, Warren (prac. form. ?). N. India. Agatha subdeleta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 102 (1896). I3. A. pisina, Butler. — PI. 2, Fig. 2. New Guinea to Solomons. Agathia pisina, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 20, p. 243 (1887). Agathia subcarnea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 285 (1896). I4. A. asterias, Meyrick. N.to E. Australia. Agathia asterias, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 899 (1888). I5. A. Prasinaspis, Meyrick (laetata var.?) New Guinea to E. Australia. Agathia prasinaspis, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 495 (1889). ? Agathia laetata, Lucas, Proc. Linn, Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 4, p. 1094 (1890) (nec Fabricius). Agaihia veneranda, Swinhoe, Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 670(1902) (nov. syn.). 16. A. todioides, Lucas. Queensland. Agathia iodioides, Lucas, Proc. Linn, Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol.6, p.296 (1891). 17. A. distributa, Lucas. Queensland. Agathia distributa, Lucas, Proc. Linn.Soc.N.S.Wales (2), Vol.6, p.296 (1891). Agathia disconnecta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 362 (1896) (nov. syn.). 18. A. codina, Swinhoe. Assam, Borneo. Agathia codina, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 7, t. rz, f. 3 (1892). Ig. A. gemma, Swinhoe. Khásis. Agathia gemma, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 8 (1892). 20. A. diversilinea, Warren. a. Agathia diversilinea diversilinea, Fergusson Isl., Trobriands, Loui- Agathia diversilinea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 282 (1896). siades, ? Ke Islands. b. Agathia diversilinea ampla, nov. subsp. 1), Prout. Dutch New Guinea. 21. A. rubrilineata, Warren. Java. Borneo. Agathia rubrilineata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 362 (1896). 22. A. obsolela, Warren. Java, Borneo. Agathia obsoleta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 208, t 5, f. 4 (1897). 23. A. succedanea, Warren. Borneo. Agathia succedanea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 388 (1897). 24. A. kühni, Warren. Ke Islands. Agathia kühni, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 422, 425 (1898). : 25. A. exquisita, Warren, Great Oby. Agathia exquisita, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 20 (1899). 26. A. punctata, Warren. Dammer Islands. Agathia punctata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 327 (1899). 1) Agathia diversilinea ampla, nov, subsp. — C. 46 mm. All the dark margins much broader than in tvpical dzversi/izea, the median and subterminal brown bands of forewing consequently not interrupted, but merely constricted at points where in the type form they give place to the fine yellow lines; subterminal band connected with terminal by a ray along R3, enclosing a round spot between R? and M!. Fak-Fak, Dutch New Guinea, 1700 feet, Dec. 1907 (A. E. Pratt). Type in coll L. B. Prout. Cotypes from the same locality in coll. Brit. Mus. et coll. W. F. H. Rosenberg. 60 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 27. A. conjunctiva, Warren Butish New Guinea, Agathia coujunctiva, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 10, p. 353 (1903). 28. A. obnubilata, Warven. British New Guinea. Agathia obnubilata, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1o, p. 353 (1903). 29. A. ilhearía, Swinhoe. Borneo. Agathia ilhearia, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7., Vol. 15, p. 166 (1905). 3o. A. solaria, Swinhoe. Singapore. Agathia solaria, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, (7), Vol. 15, p. 167 / 1905). 31. A. olivacea, Warren. Choiseul. Agathta olivacea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. 420 (1905). 32. A. dimola, Prout. Ij. Agathia dimota, Prout, The Entomologist, Vol. 44, p. 26 (1911). 33. A. lycaenidia, Dastelberger. New Pomerania. Agathia lycaenidia, Bastelberger, Intern, Ent. Zeit. Guben, Vol. 5, p. 53 (IQII). 34. 4. albipunctulata, Dastelberger. Bismarck Archipelago. Agathia albipunctulata, Bastelberger, Intern. Ent. Zeit. Guben. Vol. 5, p. 53 (1911). D 35. A. discisticta, nov. sp. 1), Prout. Sylhet. 36. A. maculimargo, nov. sp. 2). l'rout. Amboina. 7. A. laqueifera, nov. sp. 3), l'rout. Assam to Java. 38. A. confuscata, Warren. Sierra Leone. Agathia coufuscata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 32 (1807). 39. A. multiscripta, Warren. Niger Coast to Cameroons. Agathia multiscripla, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 233 (1898). 40. A. pauper, Warren. Niger Coast. Agathia pauper, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11. p. 463 (104) 41. A. elenaria, Swinhoe. Niger Coast to Cameroons. Agathia clenaria, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 542 (1904). 42. A. minuta, Druce. Cameroons. Agathia minuta, Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (S), Vol. 7, p. 292 (1911). 1) Agathia discisticta, nov. sp. — C, 4o mm. lace and. palpus purple-brown above, pale below, vertex and antenna purple-brown, occiput and front of thorax pea-green, thorax posteriorly and abdomen mostly purple-brown (somewhat damaged). Wings shaped as in gzga»ec, Butler. Forewing pea-green, with costa to SC pale purple-brown, an oblique-edged purple-brown basal patch as in gzgaea, solaria, etc , a roundish discal spot. fully as large as in coZiza, Swinlioe, vague traces of the median band at inner margin, a subterminal band shaped as in $4arzc, Swinhoe, but slightly broader, terminal markings (including conspicuous dark blotch between R? and R?)as in that species. Hindwing pea-green, with pur le-brown patches at buse and on inner margin, and with purple-brown terminal band occupying one-half of the wing, its proximal edge irregular, the green ground-colour encroaching between R! and R? and again between R? and M', its distal edge reaching the termen in tornal half, but enclosing some ill-defined terminal green spots, the usual green patch present in apical half ; a strongly lunulate-dentate blackish line traverses the terminal band near its proximal edge ; cell-spot distinct, though smaller than in forewing. Under surface paler, the markings duller brown, the band on hindwing much narrower towards inner margin, its proximal part being here only faintly shadowed. Discal spots present. S. Sylhet (Crowley Bequest), tvpe in coll. Brit. Mus. Nearly related to giganica and soZaría, the forewing more resembling the former, the bindwing the latter; the presence of conspicuous discal spots both above and beneath (as in cod?sa) is rare in this genus. In the hindwing, R? and M! are shortly stalked, a still more rare, if not unique occurrence in the genus. 2) Agathia maculimargo, nov. sp. — c, 3o mm. Very like a large, rather yellow-zgreen specimen of a s£rzónfa, Lucas, but with the postmedian series of spots, especi.lly on the hindwing, rather further from termen, the inner-marginal on forewing enlarged into a thick oblique streak from the margin to SM?, termen of torewing with rather large, but well isolated triangular spots at the ends of veins R?, R?, M!, M* and SM*, of almost equal size, only that at R? slightly larger and extending across the fringe, a much smailer dark mark at end of R!; hindwing with inner margin Irom tornus to postmedian marked with purplish fuscous, most broadly at tornus; fringe from R? to tornus clear whitish, only with a dark spot at end of M!; basal half of abdomen green above, regularly belted with purplish fuscous, Amboina, Oct. 1907 (Pratt); type in coll. Brit. Mus. 3) Agathia laqueifera, nov. sp. — CQ, 26-30 mm. Face, vertex, palpus and antenna pinkish-brown, slightly mixed with whitish, the hairs on underside of palpus whitish, O with third palpal joint shorter than second: occiput green. l'horax and abdomen (except anally) green. dorsall y, tegule marked with pinkish-brown, abdominal incisions and crests (which are well developed) pinkish-brown, thorax and abdomen paler beneath, Forewing bright yellow green, costa to SC pinkish-brown, much spotted with fuscous in proximal and distal thirds, the distal sometimes becoming an almost continuous broad fuscous streak ; markings pinkish-brown, consisting of : an ill-defined basal patch between inner margin and M ; a narrow band Írom costa at two-fifths to inner margin before one-half, starting obliquely outwards, forming an irregular loop enclosing the minute discal dot, more or less outangled again on submedian fold, and again close to inner margin, sometimes connected along inner margin with the postmedian; a postmedian placed and shaped as in ZLopztocAora cristifera, marked with fuscous or reddish fuscous in its anterior part; a conspicuous rounded spot between R? and R? near termen, almost wholly covered with fuscous scales; several minute dots scattered about the wing, and traces of a fine terminal line; fringe whitish, spotted with pinkish brown at the vein-ends. Hindwing with the teeth at R! and. R? sharp, almost equal; extreme base pinkish-brown, basal two- fifths otherwise bright vellowish green with minute dusting, terminal three-fifths in the tvpe largely pinVish-brown, leaving a narrow terminal band of green from apex to submedian fold, and some slight green admixture in middle, especially towards inner margin; a black dash or spoton R? in the middle of the pinkish-brown area, and others (in the type much fainter) on R! and R?; terminal line pinkish-brown; fringe- whitish, bisected by a darker line, and with spots at vein-ends. Underside whitish green, with mostof the markings of the upperside traceable in pale pink, a median line or narrow band on hindwing sometimes darker and more prominent. Type (9), Digboi, Upper Assam, in coll. L. B. Prout; a 9 from Java (E. India Company) and a Q from Singapore (March to April, H. N. Ridley, both in coll. Brit Mus., have the markings on the hindwing much reduced, especially the Gg, in which there is little more than a zigzag antemedian line, some irregular longitudinal streaks in middle of wing and a rather dense dusting to represent the rest of the brown area. FAM. GEOMETRIDZES 51 NorE. — Agathia (2?) divaricata, Moore, Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 250, t. 8, f. 15, belongs to the subfamily Geometrinae (Ennominae, Warren), and has been made the tvpe of the genus Trotocraspeda, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 66. 3l. GENUS PARAGATHIA, WARREN Paragathia 1). Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9. p. 495 (1902). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus moderate to long, second joint densely scaled, third joint smooth, in cf quite moderate, in Q long, rather slender. Tongue present. Antenna in both sexes bipectinate, in cf with moderate, in Q with rather short branches. Pectus hairy. Hindtibia in gf not dilated, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen weakly crested. Wings shaped and decorated as in Agathia. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with DC deeply iacurved, very oblique posteriorly, SC! free, SC? normal, R! separate, M! separate; hindwing with DC incurved, oblique posteriorly, C approximated to cell to less than one-half, SC? separate, M! separate. . Early stages unknown. Differs chiefly from Agat/ia in the pectinate antennze of both sexes. Type of the genus : Paraegat/ia albimarginata, Warren (1902). Geographical distribution of species. — lropical Africa. 1. P. albimarginata, Waren. Delagoa Bay, Congo. Paragathía albimarginata, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 495 (1902). Agatha delicia, Thierry-Mieg, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 29, p. 150 (1907) (nov. syn.). 32. GENUS LOPHOCHLORA, WARREN Lophochlora. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 389 (1894). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in c moderate, second joint shortly rough-scaled, third joint rather small (in Q probably elongate). Toneue present. Antenna in both sexes almost simple. Pectus densely hairy. Hindfemur in gf terminally thickened with a tuft of hairs, hindtibia much dilated, with short thick terminal process and strong floccous hair-pencil, all spurs present, terminals rather short, tarsus rather short. Metathorax crested. Abdomen with two tall crests, succeeded by three shorter but thick ones; cf with strong tufts of hair from posterior wall of basal cavity, the spine in the cavity very strong. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing somewhat elongate, costa somewhat arched, apex prominent, termen subcrenulate, oblique, very slightly elbowed in middle, DC incurved, fully as oblique anteriorly as posteriorly, SC! free, SC? normal, R! connate or separate, R? slightly above middle of DC, M! approximated to R?; hindwing elongate, termen crenulate, strongly toothed at R! and R*, excised between, inner margin long, cell almost one-half, DC rather deeply inbent, oblique posteriorly, C shortly appressed to SC near base, then rapidly diverging, SC? connate or separate, R* normal, M! approx- imated to R?. Early stages unknown. Another offshoot (scarcely more than a subgenus) of A4gafhzs, distinguished by the crested metathorax and the highly developed anterior crests of abdomen.. 1) Not preoccupied by ParagafZfs, Ashmead, 1889. 62 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Type of the genus : Lophochlora cristifera (Walker) — TAalera cristifera, Walker (1894). Geographical distribution of species. — Borneo, Sumatra. I. L. cristifera (Walker). Borneo. TAalera cristifera, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 602 (1861). Lophochlora cristifera, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 389 (1894); Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, t. 6, f. 5 (1900). 2. L. vicina, Bastelberger. S. E. Sumatra. Lobochlora vicina, Bastelberger, Intern. Ent. Zeit. Guben, Vol. 5, p. 53(1911). 33. GENUS CAMPTOLOPHIA, WARREN Camptolophia. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 102 (1896). Characters. — lace obliquely prominent, dense-scaled below. Palpus in gf moderate, second joint densely scaled, third joint short, blunt. Tongue developed. Antenna scarcely one-half, in cj bipec- tinate, with quite short, clavate branches. Pectus and femora strongly hairy. Hindtibia with all spurs. Abdomen with three strong dorsal crests, bent backwards terminally. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing broad, costa arched, apex squared, termen crenulate, with slight tooth at R! and rather strongly angled at R?, cell somewhat less than one-half, DC incurved, SC! free, though approaching C, SC? normal, R! just separate, M! approximated to R?; hindwing with termen crenulate, toothed at Rl and R?, and minutely at M!, cell somewhat less than one-half, DC slightly curved, C approximated to cell to almost one-half, SC? approximated to R!, M! to R?, R? from near R!. Early stages unknown. Also nearly related to AgatAia, though somewhat more divergent in shape and pattern than the two preceding genera. Type of the genus : Canftolophia marmorata, Warren (1896). Geographical distribution of species. — Assam, I. C. marmoraía, Warren. Khásis. Camptolophia marmorata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 102 (1896). 34. GENUS HELICOPAGE, WARREN Helicopage. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 106 (1896). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in Gf long, second joint extending considerably beyond frons, rather slender, but with projecting hairs above and beneath, third joint long, slender, spatulate. Tongue present. Antenna more than one-half, in cf bipectinate with shortish branches, apex almost simple. Pectus and femora hairy. Hindtibia in cf rather slender, yet with a long, thin hair-pencil, all spurs present. Abdomen slender, not crested. Frenulum fully developed, c retinaculum a long, tough spiral. attached only close to base. Forewing with costa moderately arched, apex moderate, termen somewhat crenulate, little oblique anteriorly, more so posteriorly, cell less than one-half, DC strongly incurved, very oblique posteriorly, SC! from cell, anastomosing with, or approximated to C, SC? normal (in cimerea long-stalked with SC!, and sometimes anastomosing shortly with SC94), R! separate, M! separate. Hindwing with termen crenulate, a slight tooth at R! and a longer one at R5, cell rather FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 63 less than one-half, DC deeply inbent, strongly oblique posteriorly, C separated from SC near base bv a fovea-like patch, approximated to SC for second fourth of cell, then rapidly diverging, SC? separate, R? from close to R!, M! separate. Early stages unknown. We have abstained from giving any female characters, being only acquainted with the Q in the enigmatical cinerea, which is probably sui generis. Type of the genus : /Telicopage hirundinalis, Narren (1896). Geographical distribution of species. — Assam, New Guinea. r. H. hirundinalis, Narren. IKkhasis. Helicopage hirundinalis, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 106 (1896. - H. cinerea (Warren) (huj. gen. ?). Agathia cinerea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 284 (1896). Helicopage velata, 9, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 6, p. 330 (1899) (nov. syn.). . H. velata, Warren (przc. form.?). Woodlark, Rossel. Helicopage (?) velata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 390 (1897); Vol. 6, p- 330, pro parte (1809. IS] Dutch New Guinea to IL.oui siades, N. Queensland. [95] 35. GENUS DOOABIA, WARREN Dooabia. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 388 (1894). Gacamoda. Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 172 (1894) 1). Anisodontodes. Warren M5. (in coll. Brit. Mus.). Characters. — lace scarcely protuberant, smooth-scaled. Palpus with second joint thickly scaled, reaching beyond frons, longer in Q than in gf, third joint smooth-scaled, in CQ quite moderate, in 9 long. Tongue developed. Antenna in cf minutely ciliated, in Q virtually simple. Pectus and femora somewhat hairy. Hindtibia in gf dilated, with hair-pencil and short terminal process, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa arched, apex acute, termen somewhat waved, angled at R?, cell rather short, DC deeply inbent, SC! from cell, closely approaching € (perhaps sometimes anastomosing), SC? normal, R! connate, R? from above middle of DC, M! separate; hindwing with termen subcrenulate, tailed at R?, cell rather short, DC inbent, strongly oblique posteriorly, C shortly approximated to SC, t en rapidly diverging, SC? separate, M! separate. Early stages unknown. Type of the genus : Dooabia viridata (Moore) — Ennomos viridala, Moore (1894). Geographical distribution of species. — India, Formosa. 1. D. viridata (Moore). Ennomos viridaía, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 623 (1867); Water- house, Aid, Vol. 2, t. 184, f. 4 (1889). Dooabia viridata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 388 (1894). Cacamoda viridata, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond, p. 172 (1804). CAlorodontopera viridata, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 483 (1895). 2. D. lunifera (Moore). T halassodes lunifera, Moore, Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 250 (1888). Euchlorus lunifera, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent, Soc. Lond. P. 174 (1894). N. India, Formosa, Assam. 1) Warren's paper was published in April, Swinhoe's (although dated April) not until well on in May. 64 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 36. GENUS EUXENA, WARREN Euxena 1). Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 365 (18906). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus moderate, rather stout, second joint rough-scaled, third joint in gf small. Tongue developed. Antenna in g* almost simple 2). Pectus and femora hairy. Hindtibia in cf dilated with hairpencil, all spurs present. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa arched, apex squared, termen stronglv crenulate, convex, oblique, cell short, DC incurved, SC! free, SC? normal, M! separate; hindwing with termen crenulate, excised between R! and R?, cell short, C very shortly approximated, then rapidly divergimg, SC? short-stalked with R!, M! with R?. Early stages unknown. Distinguished from the preceding and following genera by the shorter cells, with consequent stalking of the radials of hindwing; also from Dooabia by hindwing-shape and from CAlorodontopera bv the simple cf antenna. Type of the genus : Euxena crypsichroma, N'arren (1896). — Geographical distribution of species. — Malay Peninsula to Borneo, ? Philippines. 1. E. crypsichroma, Warren. Borneo. Euxena crypsichroma, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol, 3, p. 366 (1896). 2. E. albiguttata (Warren). Padanzg. Chlorodontopera albiguitata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 387 (1894). 3. E. insulsata, Warren (huj. gen. ?). N. Luzon. Euxena insulsata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 39 (1807) 37. GENUS CHLORODONTOPERA, WARREN Chlorodontopera. Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 351 (1893). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus moderate, rather stout, second joint with rough projecting scales beneath, third joint small in gf, slightly rougher-scaled than normal, moderate in Q. Tongue developed. Antenna in gf bipectinate to four-fifths, the branches varving in differing species, in Q lamellate. Pectus and femora hairy. Hindtibia in c dilated, with strong hair-pencil, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen very slightly 'crested 3). Frenulum fully developed, in Q strong and compact. Forewing with costa nearly straight, apex roundlv prominent, termen strongly dentate anteriorly (excised between R! and R?), crenulate and very oblique posteriorly, cell about one-half, DC inbent, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C and SC?, SC? normal, R! well separate, R? above middle, M! separ- ate; hindwing with termen dentate, strongly excised between R! and R'*, cell nearly one-half, DC deeply inbent, SC? separate, R? from near R!, M! separate (Pl. 1, Fig. 1l). Early stages unknown. 1) Not preoccupied by Zxenznws, Le Conte, 1870. 2) 1f issudsafa really belongs to this genus, sometimes bipectinate 3) We have seen few really good specimens, but believe that, as in. /ga£h£a, the crests are sometimes wanting ; in any case they have hardly generic significance. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 65 Type of the genus : CAlorodonlopera chalybeata (Moore) — Odontoptera chalybeala, Moore (1893). Geographical distribution of species. — N. India to Formosa. 1r. C. chalybeala (Moore). N.. India. Odontoplera chalybeata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p.580, t. 34, f. 4 (1872). Chlorodontopera chalybeata, Warren, ibidem, p. 352 (1893). 2. C. discospilata (Moore). N. India, Formosa. Odontoptera discospilata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 621 (1867). Chlorodontopera discospilota, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 171 (1594). Chlorodontopera discopilala, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol.3, p. 482/1895. Chlorodontopera. discosbilata, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 388 (1900). 3. C. mandarinata (Leech). E. China. Odontoplera mandarinata, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Dond-yp- rA. t9» f. 13 (1886). Chlorodontopera mandarinata, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol 20, p- 231 (1897). 38. GENUS ARACIMA, BUTLER Aracima. Butler, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2, p. 5o (1878). Aracina. Scudder, Nomencl. Zool. p. 3o; Univ. Index, p. 26 (1882). Characters, — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes short, second joint shortly rough-scaled, third joint quite small. Tongue present. Antenna short, in cf with short, subclavate pectinations almost to apex, in Q almost simple. Pectus and femora hairy. Hindleg rather stout, tibia in. 9f somewhat dilated, with small hair-pencil, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen scarcely crested. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa strongly arched, apex pronounced ; termen somewhat oblique, excised below apex and between R! and R$, thence subcrenulate, cell about one-half, DC strongly incurved, SC! from cell, anastomosing at a point or very briefly with C and SC?, SC? normal, R! separate, R*? above middle, M! well separate; hindwing with termen strongly crenulate, excised between R! and R*, DC? strongly. incurved, C moderately approximated to cell near base, rather gradually diverging, SC? separate, rarely connate, R* from much above middle of DC, M! well separate. C genitalia : uncus bifurcate, with two lobes at the base, scobinated on the dorsal surface, gnathos wanting, harpe simple, vinculum square, emarginate at the base (Comibaena-form), penis pestillate, scobinated above, on the eichth tergite is a strong plate, with two large spatulate arms which fold round the ventral surface; perhaps related to the Terpua-group, but not closely ; Pierce thinks it has more connection with Comibaena ; there are no socil. Early stages unknown. Type of the genus : Avacima muscosa, butler (1878). Geographical distribution of species. — Amur to Japan, * lF'ormosa. r. A. muscosa, Butler. Amur to Japan. Aracina muscosa, Butler, Ill, Het, Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2, p. 51,t. 36, f. 8(1878). Geometra (2) vestita, Hedemann, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 14, p. 508, t. 3, f. 3 (1879). Geometra muscosa, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 96 (1892). TAalera vestita, Gumppenberg. Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 64, p. 506 (1895). 2. A. serrata, Wileman (huj. gen. ?). l'ormosa. Aracima serrata, WNileman, The Entomologist, Vol. 44, p. 271 (1911). 66 IL-EPIDOPTERA HEFPEROCERAX 39. GENUS XENOZANCLA, WARREN Xenozancla. Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 342 (1893). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in cf quite moderate, second joint short-scaled, third joint small. Tongue weak. Antenna in gf laminate, somewhat flattened. Pectus somewhat hairy. Hindleg in cf short, hindtibia dilated with hair-pencil, all spurs present. Abdomen with small crests. Frenulum developed. Forewing with costa arched, apex prominent, termen snbcrenulate, excised between apex and R?, sharply elbowed at R?, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C, SC? normal, R! not stalked, R* from above middle, M! separate; hindwing with termen crenulate, toothed at R! and R$, C touching SC at a point near base, rather gradually diverging, SC? connate, R? very characteristic, M! separate. Early stages unknown. A genus of uncertain atfinities, though indisputably belonging to this subfamily. We have seen no Q, and only two ccf, and as the cf hindwing shows just a suspicion of basal expansion, it is possible that our provisional location may need revision, One or two characters suggest a not impossible affinity with the African BatAycolpodes, etc. Type of the genus : Xenozancla versicolor, Warren (1893). Geographical distribution of species. — N. India. 1, X. versicolor, Warren. N. India. Xenozancla versicolor, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Ll.ond. p. 342,t. 32. f.17 (1893). 4O. GENUS XENOPEPLA, PROUT Xenopepla (Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 210, indescr.). Prout, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8). Vol. 6, p. 238 (1910). Characters. — l'ace smooth. Palpus in cf moderate, second joint with long, stiff. projecting hairs (directed forward) above and beneath, third joint small (Pl. 5). Tongue strong. Antenna in gf bipectinate with long branches (apex probably simple). Pectus somewhat hairy. Hindtibia in. C dilated with hairpencil and moderate terminal process, all spurs present. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in cf moderately strong, hindwing without appreciable costal expansion. Forewing elon- gate, costa gently arched, apex moderate, termen entire, moderately oblique anteriorly, curving strongly in middle and becoming extremely oblique posteriorly, tornus rounded, cell fully one-half, DC incurved, SC! anastomosing with C, or free, SC? normal, R! connate or shortly stalked, M! connate or approximated; hindwing rather small and narrow, apex rounded, termen with a sinus between R! and R?, a rather pronounced though blunt tooth at R?, thence weakly sinuate to tornus, which is moderate, cell one-half, DC slightly curved, C anastomosing with SC briefly at a little distance from base, then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, M! stalked or approximated. Early stages unknown. A remarkably distinct genus in its entire facies, vet structurally quite typically Hemitheine; except that the palpal hairs are abnormally long, we cannot point to any salient structural character. The 9 is unfortunately unknown, but will almost certainly possess a frenulum. Type of the genus : Xeuofepla bicuneala, Prout (1910). FAM. GEOMETRID/ZE 67 Geographical distribution of species, — Colombia, l'eru. I. X. bicuneata, Prout. — PI. 2, Fig. Il. Colombia. Xenopepla bicuneata, Prout, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 6, p. 238 (1910). 2. X. flavinigra, Warren. Peru. Xenopepla flavinigra, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 210 (1907). 4I. GENUS LIMBATOCHLAMYS, ROTHSCHILD Limbatochlamys. Rothschild, Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 540 (1894). Characters. — lace densely scaled. Palpus in C quite moderate, second joint rough-scaled, third joint small, concealed. Tongue present. Antenna in c bipectinate to near apex with extremely short branches. Pectus and femora strongly hairy. Hindtibia in gf not dilated, with four well-developed spurs. Tarsi spinulose. Abdomen not robust, not crested. Wings ample. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa moderately arched, apex acute, somewhat falcate, termen oblique, slightly convex in posterior half, cell nearly one-half, DC? rather strongly oblique posteriorly, SC! from cell, anast- omosineg shortly or connected by. very short bar with C, SC? normal, R! from close to SC??, M! separate ; hindwing with apex rounded, termen slightly waved, tornal region somewhat produced, inner margin long, cell nearly one-half, DC? inbent, strongly oblique posteriorly, C approximated to cell to almost one-half, not very rapidly diverging, SC? separate, R? from much above middle, M! separate. Early stages unknown. Probably related to Tanaorhinus, etc.; may possibly really have more to do with the non-crested members of Group II, but the smoother scaling of the wings, their shape, and their amplitude relatively to the body have induced us to regard it as belonging here. Type of the genus : Limbaltochlamys rosthorni, Rothschild (1894). Geographical distribution of species, — WW. China. I. L. vosthorni, Rothschild. W. Ghina- Limbatochlamys rosthorni, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. Vol. rz, p. 540, t. 12. f. o (1894). 42. GENUS TANAORHINUS, BUTLER Tanaorhinus. Butler, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 3, p. 38 (1879). Tanaorrhinus. kirby, Zool. Rec. Vol. 16, p. 177 (1881). Mixochlora. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 42 (1897) (indescr.). Characters. — lace densely scaled, sometimes slightly protuberant. Palpus moderate to long, second joint reaching well beyond frons (longer in 9 than in c), denselv scaled, but without the long-spreading hairs of typical Z7tPparchus, third joint in cf moderate or rather long, in Q very long, smoother-scaled, cylin- drical (Fig. 5). l'ongue developed. Antenna moderate, in cj bipectinate, typically with rather short stout pectinations to little bevond one-half, in 9 simply pubescent. Pectus densely hairy. Legs stout. Femora strongly hairy. Hindtibia in cf dilated with hair-pencil, in both sexes with all spurs. Tarsi spinulose. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with - 7 i Head of Za»xaor/inms rectprocata, costa arched, strongly so in distal half, apex produced, more or less falcate, Walker, 9. termen (except in discolor) smooth, not convex, tornus well expressed, cell rather less than one-half, DC incurved, SC! free, SC? normal, R! separate, M! separate; hindwing with 68 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA apex not pronounced, termen (except in discolor) rounded. tornal area more or less produced, inner margin sometimes concave near tornus, leaving a conspicuous rounded tornal lobe, cell rather short, DC? and DC? usually separately incurved, resulting in an angle at origin of R?, C approximated or parallel to cell to almost one-half, then rapidly diverging, SC? separate, R? from considerably above middle, M! separate. c genitalia with uncus bifid, widely separate at the base, gnathos with long blunt tip. harpe simple with sacculus, penis pestillate, coremata present (rafflesii). Early stages unknown. "This has always been accepted as a natural genus, but it is doubtful whether. upon a survey of all the material, it should not rather be treated as a section of Hiffarchus. The shape, which is the most obvious distinction in the typical sections, is inconstant; thus species no. 6 to 8 of Tanaorhinus (Mixo- chlora, Warren, indescr.) have the forewing scarcely more falcate than Hfparchus (Loxochila) smaragdus. 'The palpus, though typically longer in Tazaorhinus, is in like case; some species of Hifparchus (Megalo- chlora) approach the less extreme species of Tanaorlinus. The exact extent of the antennal pectinations, though it has been used by Meyrick as generic, in separating 7/ipfarclus 1) from Megalochlora, seems to us much too slight a distinction; moreover, the pectinations reach somewhat further (to almost two- thirds) in the Mixochlora-section than in typical TanaorAimus, and less far in most sections of Hifparchus than in the tvplcal one. Type of the genus : Tanaorhinus confuciaria (Walker) — Geometra confuciaria, Walker (1879). Geographical distribution of species. — India and China to New Guinea, SECTION I. — Termen of both wings smooth. 1. T. confuciaria (Walker) (sequ. var. 7). China, Japan. Geometra confuciaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 522 (1861). Tanaorhinus coufuciaria, Butler, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 3, p. 38, t. 5o, f. 4(1879). 2. T. reciprocata (Walker). N. India, ? S. China. Geometra reciprocata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 515(1561). Geometra dimissa, Walker, ibidem, p. 516 (1861). Tanaorhinus dimissus, Butler, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 6, p. 68, t. 117, f. 3 (1886). Tanaorhinus reciprocatus, Butler, ibidem, p. 68, t. 117, f. 4 (1886). Tanaorhinus dimissa, Cotes & Swinhoe, Cat. Moths Ind. (4), p. 516 (1885). Tanaorhinus reciprocata, Cotes & Swinhoe, ibidem, p. 516 (1888). 3. T. vafflesii (Moore). N. India to Sunda Islands Drepana. vafflesit, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. Ind. House. Vol. 2, p. 360, t. 11a, and Philippines. f. 1 (1859). Geometya viridiluteata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 515 (1861). Geometra luteoviridata, Walker, ibidem, p. 524 (1861). Geometra subignita, Walker, ibidem, p. 525 (1861). Geometra basaliata, Nalker, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 1603 (1866. Tanaorhinus viridiluteatus, Butler, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 6, p. 67, t. 117, f. 2 (1886). Tanaorhinus viridiluteata, Cotes & Swinhoe, Cat. Moths Ind. (4). p. 516(1888/. T'anaorhinus rafflesii, Swinhoe. Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 393 (1900). 4. T. kina, Swinhoe. Khásis. Tanaorhinus kina, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 12, p. 150 (1893). 5. T. unipuncta, Warren. New Guinea. Tanaorhinus unipuncta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 331 (1899); Vol. 1o, p. 364 (1903). 1) Under the name of Geome£ra ; vide Zranus. Ent. Soc. Lona. p. 93, 05, 96 (1802). FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 69 6. T. avgentifusa (Walker). Borneo, ? Dutch N. Guinea. Geometra argentifusa, Walker, List Lep. Ins, Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 526 (1861). Mixochlora argentifusa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 42 (1897). Tanaorhinus argentifusa, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 394. t. 6, f. 4 (1900). 7. T. vitiata (Moore), N. W. India to Japan, Su- Geometra. villata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 636 (1867); Water- matra. house, Aid, Vol. 2, t. 151, f. 5 (1884). T'anaorhinus prasinus, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 4, p. 438 (1879). M egalochlora vittata, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 174 (1894). Tanaorrhinus vittatus, Hampson, Fauna Ind, Moths, Vol. 3, p. 494 (1805). Mixochlora vittata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4. p. 42 (1897). 8. T. alternata (Warren). Philippines. M ixochlora alternata, Waxren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p- 42 (1897). Tanaorhinus altermata, Semper, Reisen Philipp. (2), Vol. 6, p. 639 (1902) SECTION II.—Both wings with termen angled at R*, and faintly at the other vein-ends (gen. div.?). 9. T. discolor, Warren. . Khásis, Formosa. Tanaorhinus discolor, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 108 (1896/. Thalassodes discolor, Hampson, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 12, p. 92 (1898. 43. GENUS CHLOROZANCLA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Chlorozancla (Warren, MS., in coll. Elwes), nov. gen. Prout. Tanaorrhinus, sect. Il. Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 494 (1895). Characters, — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes minute, second joint smooth-scaled. Tongue present. Antenna in cf bipectinate to apex, with moderately long branches, in 9 nearly simple. Hind- tibia in c not dilated, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa arched, apex strongly falcate, termen oblique, not convex, cell rather short, DC deeply incurved, extremely oblique posteriorly, SC! from cell, anastomosing strongly with C, SC? normal, R! separate, M! well separate; hindwing with costal and inner margins rather long, apex rounded, termen smooth, rounded, tornus pronounced, cell short, DC? deeply incurved, very oblique posteriorly, C approximated to cell for some distance, then rather rapidly diverging, SC? connate or, exceptionally, short-stalked with R!, M! well separate. Early stages unknown. Probably a development of TanorAinus, but entirely different in the palpus, besides some small distinctions, one of which Hampson uses in erecting his Section II of Tazaorhinus. Type of the genus : C/ilorozancla falcatus (Hampson) — Tanaorrhtnus falcatus, Hampson. Geographical distribution of species. — India. r. C. falcatus (Hampson). India. T'anaorrhinus falcatus, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 494 (1895. Chlorozancla falcata, Warren, MS. (in coll. Elwes). 44. GENUS HIPPARCHUS, LEACH Hipparchus. Leach, Edinb. Encycl. Vol. 9 (1), p. 134 (1815); Stephens, Syst. Cat. Brit, Ins. (2), p. 122 (1829). Terpne. Hübner, Tentamen, p. 2 (1806?) (ined.?) (gen. indescr.). 70 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Leptornis. Billberg, Enum. Ins. Mus. Billb. p. 9o (1820) (gen. indescr.). Holothalassis. Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 285 (1826*). Geometra. Duponchel, Hist. Nat. Lép. Vol. 7 (2), p. 106 (1829) (Treitschke, 1825, part.; nec Linné, Leach restr., 1815). Geometra (Hipparchus). Herrich-Scháffer, Syst. Bearb. Schmett, Eur. Vol. 3, p. 8 (1544). Loxochila. Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 615 (1881). Megalochlora, Mevrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 95 (1892). Chloroglyphica. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 387 (1894). Geometrina. Warren, ibidem, Vol. 2, p. 39 (1895) (nec Motschulsky ). Hydrochroa. Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 64, 459 (1595). Characters. — lace rounded, hardly protuberant, smooth-scaled. Palpus moderate to long. second joint rough-haired above and beneath, third joint shortish to moderate, in Q sometimes long, smooth-scaled. Tongue developed. Ahtenna moderate, in c bipectinate, apex usually simple. in Q nearly simple. Pectus and femora hairy. Hindtibia in c with hair-pencil (except in sponsaria), sometimes with a short terminal process, in both sexes with all spurs. larsi spinvulose. Abdomen not crested, in c sometimes (sponsaria, dieckmanni) with strong anal tuft. Wings ample, thickly scaled. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa slightly arched or nearly straight (very straight in Section IV), apex usually acute, sometimes subfalcate, termen oblique, nearly straight to convex, smooth to somewhat crenulate, sometimes emarginate below apex, cell somewhat less than one-half, discocellulars more or less curved, sometimes slightly angled at origin of R*, SC! from cell, free or anastomosing with C (variable even in the type species), SC? normal, R! approximated, connate or verv shortly stalked with SC?9», M! approximated to R?; hindwing with apex rounded or nearly so, termen convex, rarely (smaragdus) smooth throughout, usually with an elbow or small tail at R?, sometimes also (fafilionarta, albovenaria, valida) crenulate throughout, cell less than one-half, discocellulars more or less curved, sometimes slightly angled at origin of R?. C approximated to cell rather shortly or moderatelv, then rapidly diverging, SC? approximated at origin to. R!, R? variable in exact position, M! approximated to R?. cf genitalia with uncus bifid, gnathos terminating in forward-curved point, harpe simple, with sacculus, penis rounded at base. Ecc. — Strongly-built, oval, the micropylar end broader and somewhat flattened, a depression on either side, the surface sculptured with strongly marked cells, micropyle shown by a shallow, circular, rayed pit (Bacot, on the type species, Enfom. Record, Vol. 17, p. 222, t. 8, f. 1a, 15). Lamgva. — In the type species rather stout. rugose, the surface more or less shagreened, segment- incisions well marked, head rounded in first instar, slightly notched afterwards, setze more or less tapering, mostly with enlarged tops, most of the primary setze in first instar forked, the voung larva showing traces of the habit of attaching silken threads which is so marked in some of the /7emitheinae. The small, hibernating larvae brown, of adaptive shade, protectively assimilating to tiny twigs, the larvze in the spring fixedly dimorphic, either green marked with brown, or altogether brown, wonderfully assimilated to the catkins of birch, etc., among which they are feeding; various small protuberances and projecting edges of segments enhancing the resemblance (see Bacot, loc. cit.; Grapes, T/te Entomologist, Vol. 22, p. r10; Poulton, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1898, p 592, 1892, p. 310, etc.). Pupa. — Cylindrical, but for the projection of the wing-cases ventro-laterally ; a regular tapering from fourth abdominal segment to anal extremity ; a strong conical projection before anus bearing the armature of eight tall, slender hooks; segment-incisions, spiracles and set: disünct, sexual organs conspicuous ; spun loosely among leaves (fafilionaria; see Bacot, Entom. Record, Vol. 17, p. 225, for full description). FAM. GEOMETRID/7E 71 The genus, as here understood, seems quite a natural one, in spite of a tolerable amount of variation in the shape of the termen of both wings, and some variation in the length of the third palpal joint. We have indicated as sectional the genera which have been accepted by some systematists, but do not attach great importance to them. The section CAloroglypAica presents the most distinct facies, but Megalochlora alone shows most of the principal varieties of shape. Type of the genus : Hifparchus papilionaría ( Linné) — Phalaena Geometra papilionaria, Linné ( 1829). Geographical distribution of species, — Palcarctic Region (chiefly the eastern part) and N. India. SECTION I, — Hindwing with termen crenulate, third joint of palpus shortish to moderate, C antenna bipectinate to apex, hair-pencil very small (Hipfarchus, Leach). I. H. papilionarta ( Linné). IEurope to Japan. Phalaena Geometra papilionaria, Linné, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10), Vol. 1, p. 522 (1758). Phalaena prasinaría, Hufnagel, Berl. Mag. Vol. 4, p. 506 (1767). Geometra papilionaria, Hübner, Samml. Eur Schmett., Geom. t. 2, f. 6 (17962); p. 16 (1800 ?). Terpne papilionaria, Hübner, Tentamen, p. 2 (1806?). Hipparchus papilionaria, Leach, Edinb. Encycl. Vol. 9 (1j, p. 134 (1815). Holothalassis papilionaria, Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 285 (1826 ?). Geometra herbacearia, Ménétriés, Mél. Biol. Acad, Sc. St-Pétersb. Vol. 3, p. 112 (1859) (ab.). Geometra papilionaria ab. cuneata, Burrows, Ent. Record, Vol. 17, p. 202 (1905) (ab.). Geometra papilionarta ab.subcaerulescens, Buxrows,ibidem,p.202 (1905) (ab.). Geometra papilionaria ab. subobsoleta, Burrows, ibidem, p. 202 1905) (ab.). Geometra papiltonaria ab. deleta, Burrows. ibidem, p. 203 (1905) (ab.). Geometra papilionaria ab. alba, Gillmer, Soc. Ent. Zürich, Vol. 24, p. 42 (1909) (ab.). SECTION II. — Forewing with apex subfalcate, both wings with termen otherwise smooth, palpus with third joint rather short to moderate, c' antenna with apex simple, hair- pencil strong (Loxochila, Butler). 2. H. smaragdus (Butler). N. India. Tanaorhinus smaragtus, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 6, p. 128 (1880) Loxochila smaragdus, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 615 (1881); Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 6, p. 69, t. 117, f. 5 (1886). Geometra smaragdus, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 495 (1895). 3. H. flavifrontaria (Guenée). India. Nemoria flavifrontaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 346 (1858). Loxochila mutans, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 615 (1881), Geometra flavifrontaría, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 496, f. 220 (1895). 4. H. pratti, nov. sp. 1), Prout. Central China. Geometra flavifrontaria, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 234 (1897) (nec Guenée). 1) Hipparchus pratti nov. sp. — 2,50 mm. Very similar to /avi/ronfaria, Guenée, build somewhat more robust, palpus somewhat longer, both wings with costa somewhat longer, colour brighter green, forewing with SC' anastomosing strongly with C, postmedian line of forewing broader, somewhat oblique (from costa ; mm. before apex to inner margin 8 mm. írom tornus), termen slightly less straight. Ichang, Tune, r888 (Mrs. Pratt); type in coll. Brit. Mus. 72 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA SECTION III. — Hindwing with termen elbowed or toothed at R*, often crenulate throughout, palpus with third joint elongate, c antenna with apex simple, hindtibia variable (Mcga- lochlora, Meyrick — Geometrina, Warren — H vdrochroa, von Gumppenberg 1). 5. H. glaucaria (Ménétriés). Amur to Japan. Geometra glaucaria, Ménétriés, Mél. Biol. Acad, Sc. St-Pétersb. Vol. 3, . p- 111 (1859). Geomelra usitata, Butler, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2, p. 49. t. 36, f. 3 (1878). Megalochlora glawcaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 95 (1892). Hydrochroa glaucaria, Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Halle, Vol. 64. p- 460 (1895). 6. H. albovenaria ( Bremer). Amur to Corea, China, Geometra albovenaria, Bremer. Mém. Acad. Sc. St-Pétersb. Vol. 8, p. 75, t. 6, ]apan. f. 21 (1864). Megalochlora albovenaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 95 (1802). 7. H. sponsaria (Bremer) 2). E. Siberia. Chlorochroma sponsaria, Bremer, Mém. Acad. Sc. St-Pétersb. Vol. 8, p. 77. t. 6, f. 25 (1864). Megalochlora sponsaria, Meyrick, Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 95 (1892). Megalochlora viridescentaríia, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2. p. 89 (1895) (nec Motschulsky). . valida ( Felder). Amur to Corea, Japan. Geometra valida, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127, f. 37 (1875 . Geometra dioptasaria, Christoph, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Vol. 55 (2), P- 41 (188r). M egalochlora valida, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 95 (1892). 9. H. dieckmanni (Graeser). S. E. Siberia, Corea, Japan. Chlorochroma sponsaria var. B, Bremer, Mém. Acad. Sc. St-l'étersb, Vol, 8, p- 77 (1864). R Geometra dieckmanni, Graeser, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 32, p. 384 (1889). Megalochlora diechmanni, Meyrick, "rans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 95 (1892). [Geometra] promissaria, Staudinger, MS. (teste Staudinger, Iris, Vol. 10, S P. 5, 1897). IO. H. maculata (Warren). kKhásis. Chloroglyphica maculata, Waxren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 208, t. 5, f. 23 (1897). 1r. H. mandarinaria (Leech). W. China. Megalochlora mandarinaria, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 235 (1897). 12. H. vallata (Butler). Japan, N. India. Thalassodes vallata, Butler, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2, p. 50, t. 36, f. 9 (1878). Megalochlora vallata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 108 ( 1896). SECTION IV. — Forewing with costa straight, termen minutely crenulate from apex to R!, there appreciably elbowed, tornus squared, hindwing with termen toothed at R*, otherwise smooth, palpus with third joint in c* small, in 9 longish, c antenna with apex simple, hindtibia with strong pencil (C//oroglvphica, Warren). 13. H. variegata (Butler). N. India. Loxochila variegata, Butler, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 7, p. 104, t. 136, f. 3 (1889). CAloroglyphica variegata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 387 (1894). Thalassodes variegata, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 514 (1895). 1) The type of 7yadrocAroa, glaucaria, Ménétriés, has neither termen crenulate, the elbow at R3 of hindwing weak, and the j' antenna pectinations reaching to nearer the apex than in its allies, but we cannot accept it as even sectionally distinct. 2) Bremer's figure is very defective, showing non-pectinate c? antenna, inexact shape, broadly white costa, etc.; but Prof. Kusnezov has kindly examined his type, and confirmed the identification of Graeser, Staudinger and others. FAM. GEOMETRIDAZE 73 14. H. hypoleuca (Kampson). Burma. TAalassodes hypoleucea, Hampson, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 14. p. 656, t. C, f. 34 (1903). NorE. — The correct subfamily position of various species wrongly described by Walker, Moore and Butler as Geomelra may be found from Hampson's Moths of India or Swinhoe's Lef. Het. Oxford Mus. —- G. subvectaria, diffssa and. factaria, Walker (Vol. 22. p. 509, 510, 511) belong to A'umta, Guenée; G. rufifrontaríia, Hampson, 7ouru. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 14, p. 655, is an Acidaliid, sinking to Sferrha (?) validaria, Walker (Vol. 35, p. 1607); P. G. arnea, Cramer, Paf. Exot. Vol. 1, p. 59, t. 36, f. G — G. (?) aruea, Walker (Vol. 26, p. 1554) belongs to the Pyxalidae, genus Acropteryx. 45. GENUS IOTAPHORA, WARREN lotaphora. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 384 (1891). Grammicheila. Staudinger, Iris, Vol. ro, p. 3 (1897). Characters. — lace rounded, smooth-scaled. Palpus in both sexes quite moderate, second joint strongly rough-scaled, third joint small, slightly longer in Q than in cf. Tongue present. Antenna less than one-half, in cf bipectinate with short branches, apex almost simple, in 9 lamellate, minutely ciliated. Pectus and femora strongly hairy. Hindtibia in c dilated with hair-pencil, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Wings smooth-scaled, iridescent. l'renulum fully developed. lF'orewing with costa arched, apex not acute, termen oblique, waved, convex, cell not quite one-half, DC gently incurved, SC! free, SC? normal, R! approximated, connate or short-stalked with SC?5, M! approximated to R?; hindwing with apex rounded, termen moderately rounded, gently subcrenulate, tornus moderately pronounced, cell short. DC incurved, strongly oblique posteriorly, C approximated to cell to nearly one-half, moderately rapidly diverging, SC* just separate, R? from considerably above middle of DC, M! separate. genitalia : uncus with a central rod, at either side of which is an arm of the same length, gnathos with pointed tip, harpe with slight projections on the surface, juxta (?) a process arising. from the base of the vinculum, on the eighth sternite is a double lobed chitinous projection. Lanva. — Light green, deceptively like a young, half-expanded leaf of the foodplant, 7welaus mandschurica, Maxim.; head produced into two points, body contracted, resting rigidly attached by the prolegs to a twig (Graeser, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 32, p. 392). Suggestive of that of ZTripparchus (5tau- dinger, Iris, Vol. 10, p. 3). Pura. — Undescribed; in a loose cocoon among dry leaves (Graeser, loc. cit.). The genus is almost certainly related to /7ifparchus, in spite of the different scaling and pattern. Its true position is quite certainly in the present subfamily, and we are entirely unable to say on what grounds Hampson (Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 322) placed it among his OrfAostixinae. It may have some affinity with Osteosema, but this is less definite. Tyne of the genus : /olaphora iridicolor (Butler) — Panaethia iridicolor, Butler ( 1594). Geographical distribution of species. — N. India to Amur. 1. [. iridicolor ( Butler). N. India. Panaeihia iridicolor, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 6, p. 227 (1850); Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus, Vol. 6, p. 49, t. 113, f. 3 (1886). Iotaphora iridicolor, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. z, p. 384 (1894). 74. LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERXA 2. I. admirabilis (Oberthür). China to Amur. Metrocampa (?) admirabilis, Oberthür, Bull. Soc. Ent. Lr. (6, Vol. 3, p. 84 (1883); Etud. Ent. Vol. 1o, p. 29, t. 1, f. 8 (1884). Megalochlora ividicolor (part.), Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 05 (1802. Grammicheila admirabilis, Staudinger, Iris, Vol ro, p. 3 (1897). Iotaphora admirabilis, Staudinger, Cat. Lep. (ed. 3), p. 322 (19or). 46. GENUS CHLORORITHRA, BUTLER Chlororithra. Dutler, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 8, p. 106 (1859). Characters. — l'ace smooth Palpus rather long, second joint strongly rough-scaled, reaching beyond frons, third joint smooth, in cf moderate, in Q rather long. Tongue developed. Antenna in gr bipectinate to about two-thirds, in Q simple. Pectus hairy. Hindtibia in cf dilated with long pencil of hairs, a very short terminal process, in both sexes with four unequal spurs. Tarsi spinulose. Abdomen not crested. Wings smoothly scaled, iridescent. lrenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa very slightly arched, apex rather acute, termen oblique, verv slightly waved, cell nearly one-half, DC? deeply incurved, SC! free, SC? normal, R! well separate, R? from near R!, M! separate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen convex, waved, slightly sgibbous about R?, cell less than one-half, DC? incurved, C approximated to cell to nearly one-half, then strongly diverging, SC? separate, R? from close to R!, sometimes almost connate, M! connate or very short-stalked with R? (Pl. 2, Fig. 9). c genitalia very distinct from any other studied, uncus a long rod, with curved socii, gnathos terminating in a tooth, harpe with a scobinated projection towards the base of the inner margin, penis pestillate, narrow; on the eighth sternite there is a rounded plate, emarginate on the upper edge, from which protrude a pair of scobinated arms; this species has long coremata. Early stages unknown. This genus is likely related to the preceding, which it resembles in its smooth-scaled, iridescent wings, and in various other characters. Type of the genus : Chlororithra fea, Butler (1889). Geographical distribution of species. — N. India. I. C. fea, Butler. N. India. Chlororithra fea, Butler, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 8. p. 106, t. 136, f. 9 (1889). Geometra fea, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 497 (1895). 47. GENUS DIOSCORE, WARREN Dioscore, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 132 (1907). Halterophora. Warren, ibidem, Vol. 3, p. 289 (1896) (nec Rondani, 186r). Characters. — Face prominent, densely but smoothly scaled. Palpus moderate, stout, first and second joints densely clothed, third joint in gf small, blunt (Q unknown). Tongue developed. Antenna nearly two-thirds, in c bipectinate to about one-half, with moderate, decreasing branches, a long apical portion nearly simple. Pectus densely hairy. Femora hairy. Hindtibia in C dilated with hair- pencil, all spurs present (Fig. 6). Tarsal spinules moderately conspicuous. Metathorax slightly FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 73 crested. Abdomen not crested. Build robust. Frenulum in cf very strong, terminating in a large knob (bicolor, fulgurata, lhalassias, Fig. T) or at least in a very considerable, though more seradual thickening (melanomma). Vorewing with costa nearly straight, gently arched distally, apex prominent, termen oblique (especially in type speces), slightly curved, cell Fic. 6 less than. one-half, strongly produced apically, DC incurved, SC! from cell, free, SC? normal, R! stalked or separate, M! approx- imated at origin to R?; hindwing with termen rather long, rounded, sometimes subcrenulate, sometimes also with a small s C tail at R?, inner margin long, cell rather short, DC? slightly or sharply inbent, C closely appressed to cell for a short or moderate distance, then verv strongly In i diverging, SC? just separate or short- GE stalked, R?from near R!, M! short-stalked, : * Frenulum of Dzoscore Ó£celor, Hindleg of Dioscore melanonma, Warren, c. connate or separate. (S venitalia ;Iuncus Warren, Gg. massive, parallel, with large, broad socii, gnathos strong, pointed, harpe simple, penis pestillate, with very long, parallel sides and a small sharp point; coremata present. Early stages unknown. A small and rather compact genus, replacing Hiffarchus in the Papuan Region. The slight diffe- rences in shape seem clearly non-generic, as is certainly the case with those of the venation. ''he most significant of the latter is the frequent short-stalking of SC? of the hindwing with R!, which — as is the case with Uliocuemis along another line of evolution — has not yet become fixed generically. Type of the genus : Dioscore melanomma, Waxren (1907). Geographical distribution of species. — New Guinea to Fergusson Island. 1. D. melanomma, Waxren, — Pl. 2, Fig. 6. British to Dutch New Guinea. Dioscore melanomma, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 132 (1907). 2. D. bicolor (Warren). Fergusson Island, Dutch New Halterophora bicolor; Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 290 (1896). Guinea. 3: D. fulgurata (Warren). British to Dutch New Guinea. Halterophora fulgurata, Warren, Novit Zool. Vol. 4, p. 3o (1897). Loxochila (2) meeki, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 1o, p. 359 (1903) (nov. syn.) Dioscore mecki, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 14, p. 132 (1907). 4. D. thalassias (Warren). Dutch New Guinea. Halterophora thalassias, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 10, p. 263 (1903). 5. D. homoeotes, nov. sp. 1), Prout. Dutch New Guinea. 1) Dioscore homoeotes, nov. sp. — JO, 45 mm. Deceptively like D. /ulgurata, practically indistinguishable in coloration and markings, but differing as follows: Vertex broadly cream-colour, not green. Antennal pectinations much shorter, ceasing rather /e/ore one-half of shaft. Forewing with termen curved in posterior half of wing (almost straight in /mgrerata); hindwing with termen more rounded, crenulate In addition, the tollowing less important distinctions may or may not hold when more material is compared : Abdominal white spots somewhat extended; white lines on wings somewhat sharper, that of hindwing slightly further from termen, fringes longer, terminal white spots larger, a single oblong one crossing the the submedian fold in each wing (in /uZgmrafa there is one small spot on either side of submedian fold, well separated); the pale yellow (not « white », as Warren indicates) metathoraic crest perhaps slightly stronger. The midtibia, which in typical /sZgrerafa is marked like the foretibia (purplish fuscous, spotted with ochreous), is in Zopeofes plain green above; but, strangely enough, this coloration is shared by undoubted /a/gzrata from Fak-Fak. Ninav Vallev, Central Arfak Mountains, Dutc h New Guinea, 3500 feet, Nov. 1go8 to Jan. rooo (A. E. Pratt). Ivpe in coll. L. B. Prout. rather more Y LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA -I 48. GENUS ORNITHOSPILA, WARREN Ornithospila. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 3856 (1894). Urospila. Warren, ibidem, p. 387 (1894). Afrena. Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 314 (1595). Characters. — Face slightly protuberant, smoothly scaled. Palpus long, second joint reaching beyond frons, rough-scaled, third joint in both sexes elongate, smooth-scaled. Tongue developed. Antenna long, in c bipectinate to about three-fourths with moderately long, decreasing branches, apex ciliated; in Q pubescent, with single short cilia. Pectus and femora hairy. Hindtibia in cf not dilated, in both sexes with four strong spurs. Abdomen not crested. l'renulum developed in both sexes (in Q not extremely strong). Forewing broad, costa arched at base and towards apex, nearly straight between, apex acute, termen smooth or weakly subcrenulate, tornus pronounced, sometimes rectan- gular, cell about two-fifths, produced apicallv, DC! sometimes obsolete, leaving the apex of the cell open, DC? deeply inbent (sometimes almost angled), DC? nearly vertical at first, becoming somewhat oblique, SC! stalked with 5C?5, not anastomosing with C, SC? arising before SC?, SC* sometimes anastomosing shortly with SC!, R! connate or separate, M! connate or approximated; hindwing with termen smooth or weakly subcrenulate, very slightly or strongly elbowed at R?, tornus well pronounced, cell about two-fifths, DC? and DC? separately incurved, resulting in a sharp angle at base of R?, C approximated to cell to less than one-half, then rapidly diverging, SC? separate, M! connate or approximated (PI. 2, Fig. 10). Early stages apparently undescribed. Probably derived from Hiffarchus. but the specialized subcostal venation, taken in conjunction with the fact that the genitalia of the type species agree better with P»asimocyma and the Zodis-group than with any of the generalized forms, leaves it somewhat doubtful whether it should not be placed later. Superficially it rather strongly resembles C/Arysochloroma, which seems to have crossed the border- line into Group V. Except in slight details of shape, the species appear very homogeneous, and we should not have divided the genus into sections but for the fact that previous authors (Warren, Hampson) have made separate genera, and that the genitalia of avicularia and esmeralda are surprisingly dissimilar. Sections Il and III (especially the latter) remind, in shape, of Hipfarchus, Section IV. As regards the nomenclature, it would perhaps be more strictly correct to adopt the name of Urosfila, as Hampson selected that in merging Warren's two contemporaneous genera (Fauna Ind. Mollis, Vol. 3, p. 513). But as Ornithospila is in the more general use, and will be preferred bv the slaves of « page-priority », besides being more appropriate, we venture to think that Hlampson's action can be set aside; he did not actually adopt the genus, merely citing the name under one of his sections of 7 /ialassedes. Type of the genus : Oruithospila avicularia (Guence) Geometra avicularia, Guenée (1894). Geographical distribution of species. — lndia to New Guinea. SECTION I. — Termen of both wings subcrenulate, elbow at R? of hindwing extremely slight. cf genitalia (avicularia) with uncus bifurcate at the extreme tip, with curved socii, gnathos broadly pointed and scobinated, harpe with very small, fine spines on the clasper, penis pestillate, elbowed above (Ornithospila, Warren). r. O. avicularia (Guenée). India. Geometra avicularíia, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 342 (1855. Geometra pennisignata,Nalker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol 22, p.516 ( 1861). Ornithospila avicularía, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 386 (1894). Megalochlora avicularia, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 174 (1894 . Thalassodes avicularia, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 513 (1895). FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 577 2. O. submonstrans (Walker). Sumatra and Penang to Geomelra submonstrans, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol.22, p.526(1861 ). Moluccas. Achlora. circumflexaria, Snellen, in Veth, Midden-Sumatra, Vol. 4 (8), p. 53, t. 5, f. 1, ra (1880). Ornilkospila submonstrans, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 403 (1900). 3. O. cincta (Walker). Borneo, Malav Archipel- Geometra cincta, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 527 |1561j. ago, Sumatra. Qrnithospila cincta, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 404, t. 6, f. 2 (1900). 4. O. fsitlacina (Felder). Moluccas to. Dutch. New Chlorosoma x) psittacina, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127, f. 26 (1875). (Guinea. SEcril0N II. — Both wings with termen [faintly waved, hindwing with a strong angle or slight tail at R? (Urospila, Warren). 5. O. lineata (Moore). N; India. Geometra lineata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 580. t. 34, f. 2 (1872). Urospila lineata, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r. p. 387 (1894). "T halassodes lineata, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 514 (1895). Ornithospila lineata, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 403 (1000). SrcTrON III, — Both wings with termen smooth, hindwing with a definite elbow at R*. Anal tuft strongly developed in c. c genitalia with uncus tapered, with large socii, densely clothed with thick hairs projecting at right angles, gnathos terminating in a blunt scobinated tip, harpe with large tuft of strong spines, aedeeagus wide, tubular, scobinated at the orifice, with central rod wider at the tip C4/recza, Hampson) (ead. ac Sect. THES 6. O. esmeralda (Hampson). N. India to Singapore. Afrena esmeralda, Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 314 (1805); Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 4, p. 565 (1896). 49. GeNUSs APORANDRIA, WARREN Aporandria. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 385 (1894). Characters. — lace thickly scaled, with projecting tuft below (PI. 5). Palpus rather long and strong, second joint in both sexes elongate, long-scaled, third joint densely scaled, in c rather short, in Q long. Tongue developed. Antenna in C bipectinate with moderately long, curved, long-ciliated pectinations, apical one-third nearly simple; in Q almost equally strongly bipectinate (Fig. 8). Pectus densely hairy. Femora hairy. Hindtibia hardly dilated, but not long, all spurs present. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa straight to nearly two thirds, somewhat arched distally, apex acute, termen nearly straight, oblique, tornus pronounced, cell nearly one- half, produced apically, DC incurved, SC! free, SC? normal, R! stalked with SC?5», M!connate or shortstalked with R?; hindwing with apex moderate, termen rather long, smooth, elbowed at R?, tornus pronounced, inner margin long, base thinly scaled, subdiaphanous, cell rather short, intenna of - ; 5:25 CS 3 - Aporandria specularia, Guenée, € DC slightly bent at origin of R*, C closely approximated to cell for some distance in middle, then rather rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R? from somewhat above middle of cell, M! stalked. 1) Nom. indescr, et prieocc, (Wagler, 1830, etc.!. 78 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Lagva. — Slender, uniformly cylindrical, head strongly bifid. the lobes developed into erect horns; a slight conical prominence on eighth abdominal segment (Moore, Lef. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 425, (STOAPNIANIS)E Pura. — Rather narrow, thorax very oblique, abdomen minutely dark-speckled, spiracles pink (Moore, loc. cit.). Type of genus : Aforandría specularia (Guenée) — Geometra specularia, Guenée (18094). Geographical distribution of species. — lndo-Malavan. 1. A. sfecularia (Guenée). India with Cevlon to Suma- Geometra specularia, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9. p. 342 (1855). tra and Sula Islands. Aporandria specularia, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. z, p. 385 (18094). 50. GENUS RHODOCHLORA, WARREN Rhodochlora, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1r, p. 455 (1894). Characters. — l'ace somewhat prominent, smooth-scaled. Palpus long or longish, second joint rough-scaled, third joint elongate (at least in Q), smoother scaled. l'ongue developed. Antenna moderate, in cf bipectinate to near apex with moderate branches, apical extremity merely ciliated ; * in Q lamellate. Pectus and femora hairy. Hindtibia in C not dilated, all spurs usually present, but unequal. Tarsi moderately spinulose. Abdomen not crested, Winzs ample. Frenulum developed. Forewing with costa arched, apex moderately acute, termen nearly straight, somewhat oblique, tornus pronounced, cell less than one-half, DC incurved, oblique posteriorlv, SC! free or anastomosing with C, SC? normal, R! stalked with SC?», M! separate; hindwing with a subhyaline patch near base, apex roundly squared, termen rather straight to near R?, there roundly prominent, thence again nearly straight to tornus, which is pronounced, cell short, SC? stalked, R? characteristic, M! separate. Early stages unknown. Differs from Aforandria in the absence of the frontal tuft, etc. The species are mostly very closely related inter se, and Mr. Druce, who possesses a magnificent series, considers most of them forms of one very variable species, more or less connected by intermediates. This will probably prove correct, in some cases at least; on the other hand, we have noted a few specimens as having apparently terminal spurs only on the hindtibia, so that there is still need for further study. Type of the genus : e/odochlora roseipalpis (Felder) Achlora roseipalpis, Felder (1894). Geographical distribution of species. — l'ropical 5. Vimerica. 1. Re. roseipalpis (Felder). Panama, Venezuela, Ecua- Achlora roseipalpis, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127. p. 33 1575). dor, etc. Rhodochlora roseipalpis, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 385 (1894). Rhodochlora roscipalpis var. basicostalis, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Emt. Belg. Vol. 44. p. 215 (1900) (ab. ?). 2. R. unicolor, Warren (przec. ab.?). Peru. Ithodochlora unicolor, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 209 (1907). 3. R. gaujoniaria (Dognin). Ecuador. Achlora gaujoniaria, Dognin, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 14, p. 186 (1802). 4. R. brunneipalpis, Warren. British Guiana to Peru. Ithodochlora brunneipalpis, Narren. Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 385 (1894). Rhodochlora brunneipalpis ab. minor, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 16, p. 87 (1909) (ab. vel var. ?). Rhodochlora brunneipalpis ab. rufaria, Warren, ibidem, p. 87 (1909) (ab.). . R. vothschildi, Warren. Panama. Rhodochlora rothschildi, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 451 (19or). Ut FAM. GEOMETRID/E 79 6. R. exquisita, Warren. Peru. Rhodochlora exquisita, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. 320 (1905). 7. R. albibuucta, Warren. — PI. 2, Fig. 7. Peru, Colombia. Rhodochlora albipuncta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 87 (1909). 8. R. trifasciata, Warren. Peru. Rhodochlora trifasciata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 88 (1900). 9. R. ustimargo, Warren. Peru. Rhodochlora ustimargo, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 58 (1009). 51. GENUS ANISOZYGA, PROUT Anisozyga (Turner, M5.). Prout, The Entomologist. Vol. 44. p. 26 (1911). Anisogamia. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 286 (1896) (nec Saussure, 1893). Eucyclodes (part.). Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 615 (rgr0) (nec Warren). Hamalolepis. Warren, MS. (in coll. Brit. Mus.) (cf. Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. r9o2, p. 676, Hemalolepis 1n err., nom. indescr.). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus with second joint reaching beyond frons, rough-scaled (sometimes with strongly projecting hair-scales) above and beneath, third joint smooth, usually slightly fusiform, in cf moderate, in Q long. Tongue present. Antenna rather long, in c shortly bipectinate to little beyond one-half, distally nearly simple, in 9 nearly simple. Pectus extremely hairy, and usually with a very long pencil of hairs beneath base of forewing (Pl. 5). Femora strongly hairy. Hindtibia in cf with strong hair-pencil. and moderately long terminal process, both sexes with two unequal pairs of spurs. Abdomen not crested. Wings usually thinly scaled, the sexes often differing greatly in orna- mentation. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa arched, apex moderate, termen subcrenulate or waved, oblique posteriorly, cell nearly one-half, DC incurved, strongly oblique posteriorly, SC! usually free, SC? variable in. position, but usually from but little before, very exceptionally even stalked to just after SC^, R'! separate, M! widely separate; hindwing with termen convex, typically crenulate, sometimes nearly smooth, but elbowed at R?, inner margin long, cell short (one-third to two-fifths), DC? oblique, DC? slightly incurved anteriorly, oblique or strongly oblique outwards through most of its course, C approximated or appressed to cell to one-half or less, then very rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R? very characteristic, M! nearly always stalked, M? from near end of cell (Pl. 2, Fig. 1 4). c genitalia with uncus clubbed, spoon-shaped, slightly indented at the apex, socii shorter than uncus, gnathos terminating 1n a point, harpes with divided cucullus, clavus pointed, penis pestillate, broader at the tip, coremata present. Lanva. — Not fully described; provided with large flattened projections on both sides of the dorsum of each segment. That of jieroides feeds omn roses. (Turner, Proc. Limm. Soc. N. S. Wales, 61:35: 0D03160521617)- Is at base a very natural genus, characterized by the combination of elongate, smooth third joint of palpus, long pectoral pencil of hair, strong tibial hair-pencil and process of c, long hindwing with short, obliquely-walled cell and stalking of radials, usually thin scaling and strong sexual dimorphism ; but will probably need purifying by the removal of some outliers such as moniliata, in which some of these characters are hardly developed. Turner sinks the genus to £ucyclodes, and. if some of the forms are really intermediate that may perhaps prove inevitable for taxonomic purposes; we are unfortunately unacquainted with the type of Eucyclodes, but as Turner describes it as having minute terminal joint to the palpus, and apparently different discocellulars. and as its facies is distinct and there is no sexual dimorphism, we have preferred, for the present, not to merge the better-known genus. 8o LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Type of the genus : Aunisozyga fieroides (Walker) — Comibaena fieroides, Walker [1896 |. Geographical distribution of species. — Oceanian, with stragglers in Singapore and perhaps in India. 1. A. fpieroides (Walker). — Pl. 2, Fig. 5; PI. S, Fig. l. - Comibaena pieroides, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Mus. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 580 (1861) (8). T halassodes seitissimaria, Walker, ibidem, Vol. 26, p. 1564 (1862) (9). Comibaena calcinata, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127, f. 23 (1875)(6). Iodis pieroides, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.Wales(2),Vol.2, p.897 (1888). Anisogamia pieroides, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 287 (1896). Eucyclodes pieroides, Turner, Proc. Linn.Soc.N.S. Wales, Vol.35, p.617 (1910). . pacifica (Felder) (prac. var.?). Comibaena pacifica, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127, f. 24 (1875). . insperala (Walker). l'halassodes insperata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p/555 (1861). [odis insperata, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 895 (1888). ? 4nisogamia insperata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 127 (1907). IEucyclodes insperata, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 622 (1910). . melaspila (Walker). Comibaena metaspila, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 580(1861). Iodis metaspila, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales (2), Vol.2, p.895 (1888). lIodis eucalypti, Lucas, ibidem, Vol. 3, p 1267 (1888). Euchloris metaspila, Lower, ibidem, Vol. 22, p. 29 (1897). Anisogamia metaspila, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 33 (1897). Eucyclodes metaspila, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol.35, p. 624 (1910). . saluratarta (Walker) (prac. ab. ?). Chlorochroma saturataria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 35. p- 1609 (1866). Iodis saturataría, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 895 (1888). Anisogamia saturataria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 33 (1807). Eucyclodes saturataría, ''urner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35. p. 625 (1a10). . gavissima (Walker) (huj. gen.?). Comibaena gavissima, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus.Vol.22, p. 575 (1861). Berta gavissima, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 435, t. 196, f. 6 (1887). Thalassodes gavissima, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 510 (1895). Gelasma gavissima, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2. p. 401 (1900). . lextilis (Butler). Thalera textilis, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 6, p. 219 (1880); Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 6, p. 71, t. 117, f. 10 (1886). Comibaena textilis, Cotes & Swinhoe, Cat. Moths Ind. (4), p. 524 (1888). TT halassodes textilis, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 510 (1595/. Chlovostrota textilis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4. p. 389 (1897). . aphrias (Meyrick). Iodis aphrias, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 492 (1889;. Anisogamia aphrias, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14. p. 127 (1907). . lithrocrossa (Meyrick). Iodis lithocrossa, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 493 (1889). Anisogamia lithocrossa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 124 (1909). . speciosa (Lucas). Iodis speciosa, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 4, p. 1094 (1890) (9). Euchloris chionoplaca, Lower, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 17. p. 288 (1893) (8). 1) False locality, or accidental introduction (:). Oueensland to S. E. Aus- tralia. Fiji. E. to S. E. Australia. Queensland. Queensland (7). India with Ceylon, Sara- wak. Darjiling 1). British New Guinea. New Guinea. Oueensland and British New Guinea, ? Singapore. II. I2. 13. I4. 16. lo un lo I FAM. GEOMETRIDZE Anisogamia albimacula, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 33 (1897). lodis sideralis, Lucas, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. Vol. 13, p. 68 (1898) (8). Anisogamia chionoplaca, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1o, p. 355 (1903). Ewcyclodes speciosa, Turner, Proc. Linn, Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 620 (1910). . goniota ( Lower). Euchloris goniota, Lower, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 18, p. 86 (1894). Anisogamia curvigutta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 34 (1897). Anisogamia goniota, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 1o, p. 355 (1903). . fascinans (Lucas). Iodis fascinans, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 8, p. 134 (1894). . absona (Warren) (praec. var. ?). Anisogamia absona, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 287 (1896). . albilauta (Warren). Anisogamia albilauta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 33 (1897). Chloroteras albilauta, Warren, MS. (Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1902, p.676). . dentata (Warren). Anisogamia dentata, Waxren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 34 (1897). Eucyclodes dentata, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 617 (1910). . moniliata (Warren). Anisogamia moniliata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 34 (1897) (9). Anisogamia undilinea, Warren, ibidem, p, 35 (1897) (9). Eucyclodes moniliata, 'Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol.35, p. 623 (1910). . mauscosa ( Warren). Anisogamia muscosa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 35 (1897). . nigrimaculata (Warren). Anisogamia nigrimaculata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 35 (1897. CAloroteras nigromaculata, Warren, MS. r1). . subliturata (Warren). ' Anisogamta subliturata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 327 (1899). . subvenusta (Warren). Anisogamta subvenusta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 328 (1899). . jagenstecheyi (Semper). Anisogama pagenstecheri, Semper, Reisen Philipp. (2), Vol. 6, p. 640, t. 65, f. 11 (1902). . albifimbria (Warren). Anisogamia albifimbria, Warren, Novit, Zool. Vol. 10, p. 262 (1903); Vol. 12, P. 421 (1905). . caerulea (Warren) (huj. gen. *). Anisogamia coerulea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1o. p. 354 (1903). . Yufipunctata (Warren). Anisogamia rufipunctata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1o, p. 354 (1903). . callisticta (l'urner). Euchloris callisticta, ''urner, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 25, p. 222 (1904). Ewcyclodes callisticta, Turner, Proc. Linn, Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 621 (1910). . albifusa (Warren). Anisogamia albifusa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 77 (1906 . . albiseriata (Warren). Anisogamia albiserrata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 78 (1906). 8r N. Oueensland. Queensland. New Guinea to Trobriand Islands. British and Dutch New Guinea. N. Oueensland, ? New Gui- nea. N. Queensland, British New Guinea to Louisiades. Fergusson Isl. Brtish and Dutch New Guinea. Brtish New Guinea. British New Guinea. Luzon. Solomon Islands. British to Dutch N.Guinea. British New Guinea. N. Oueensland. British New Guinea. British New Guinea. 1) So given on tvpe label, not CAtr ysocAloroma, as Swinhoe indicates ( Zrans. Ent. Soc. Lond., xoo2, p. 076). 82 28. A. 29. A. 3o. 3T. 4- 32-4 394. 38. 4. LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA balis (Warren). Anisogamia batis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 78 (1906). commaculata (Warren). Anisogamia commaculata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 78. t. 10. f. 11(1906). decorata (Warren). Anisogamia decorata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 79 (1906). flaviliuea (Warren). Anisogamia flavilinea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 8o (1906). Aunisogamia flavilinca ab. albinata, Warren, ibidem, p. 80 (1906) (ab.). grisconolata (Warren ). Anisogamia griseonotata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 80 (1906). iy idesceus (Warren). Anisogamia iridescens, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 81 (1906). . scintillans (Warren). Anisogamia scintillans, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 81 (1906). . seminivea (Warren) 1). Anisogamia seminivea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 82 1906 . . triseriata (Wavren). Anisogamia triseriata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 82 (1906). . viridissima (Warren). Anisogamia viridissima, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 82 (1900). bijugata (Warren). Anisogamia bijugata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 126/1907). . desolata (Warren). Anisogamia desolata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 126 (1907). . fragmentata (Warren). ' Anisogamia fragmentata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 127 (1907). . gracililinea (Warren). Anisogamia gracililinea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 127 (1907). 4. hilaris (Warren). Anisogamia htlaris, Narren, Novit. Zool Vol. 14, p. 128 (1907). . innuba (Warren). Anisogamia innuba, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 128 (1907). A. orbimaculata (Warren). Anisogamia orbimaculata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 129 (1907). . stellata (Warren). Anisogamia stellata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol, 14, p. 129 (1907). . subnigrata (Warren). Anisogamia subnigrata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 130 (1907). . veniplaga (Warren). Anisogamia veniplaga, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 130 (1907). . sexmaculata (Warren). Phorodesma sexmaculata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 134 (1907). . subfasciata (Warren). Anisogamia subfasciata, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 124 (1909). 4. erolyla (Turner) (huj. gen. ?). Eucyclodes erotyla, "Turner, Proc. Linn.Soc. N.S.Wales, Vol.35, p.622 (1910). 4. erymnodes (Turner). Eucvclodes erymnodes, Turner, Proc. Linn, Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 623 (1910. . exililinea (Warren) (huj. gen. ?). Rhomborista exililinea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 89 (1906). Anisozyga exililinea, Prout, The Entomologist, Vol. 44, p. 26 (1911). . British New British New British New British New Brtish New British New British New British New Brimsh New British New British New British New British. and Guinea. British New British New British New British New British New British New British New British New Guinea. Guinea. Guinea. Guinea. Guinea. Guinea. Guinea. Guinea. Guinea. Guinea. Guinea. Guinea, Dutch Guinea. Guinea. Guinea. Guinea. Guinea. Guinea. Guinea. Guinea. Solomon Islands. Queensland. N. Queensland. British New Guinea. New 1) This species, s«xoiacuZata, and perhaps a few others lack the hindtibial process of the Cg, but seem otherwise to accord with the genus. EAM. GEOMETRIDZE 83 53. A. vagilinea, Prout (huj. gen. ?). Dutch New Guinea. Anisozyga vagilinea, Prout, The Entomologist, Vol. 44, p. 26 (t9r1). 54. A. polyleucotes, nov. sp. I), Prout. Dutch New Guinea. 55. A, diazeuxis, nov. sp. 2), Prout, Dutch New Guinea. 52. GENUS EUCYCLODES, WARREN Eucyclodes. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1r, p. 390 (1894). Characters. — lace smooth (?) 3). Palpus rather short, terminal joint short in both sexes. "Tongue present. Antenna in cf bipectinate with short branches, apex simple; in Q simple. Pectus densely hairy. Hindtibia in cf dilated with hair-pencil and terminal process, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Wings thickly scaled. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa almost straight, apex blunt, termen rounded, DC strongly incurved, oblique posteriorly, SC! free, SC?? stalked, R! connate, M! well separate; hindwing with termen well rounded, tornus prominent, DC? oblique, DC? slightly incurved, becoming strongly oblique, SC? stalked, M! short-stalked. Early stages unknown. 'The above characters are drawn from Meyrick, Warren and Turner; see our note to the pre- ceding genus. The early stages will perhaps tbrow further light on the degree of its affinity with Anisozyga. Type of the genus : Eucyclodes buprestaria (Guenée) — Phorodesma buprestaria, Guenée (1894). Geographical distribution of species. — S. I. Australia with Tasmania. 1. E. buprestaria (Giuenée). S. E. Australia with Tas- Phorodesma buprestaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép.Vol. o, p. 371,t. 7. f. 4 (1858). mania. Comibaena buprestaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 579 (1861/;. Iodis buprestaria, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2. p. 800 (1888). Eucyclodes buprestaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 390 (1894 . 1] Anisozyga polyleucotes, nov. sp. — 3,35 mm. Face green above, white below. Palpus bright golden orange, beneath and at extreme tip white. Head white, mixed with green on crown, Antennal shaft ochreous, each segment narrowly margined with white. Thorax above green, mixed with white, beneath white: the long hair-tuft white. Abdomen white, dorsally mixed with green, a green saddle at base. Forewing with termen crenulate: white (subdiaphanous) marked with bright green; the green markings, which are all more or less irrorated or spotted with white, consist of an extended costal patch from base to nearly two-fifths, and Irom costa to submedian fold; a few marks opposite this on inner margin; an interrupted band, averaging 3 mm. in width, from costa to M?, its proximal edge at a little before one-half, both edges strongly dentate, a deep distal indentation in middle causing it to be much constricted just in front of R?; a small blotch opposite this band on inner margin; a narrow much interrupted subterminal band which throws out projections distad along the veins tending to meet the terminal line and enciose white spots; a very ill-defined, much interrupted line at a short distance before the subterminal band; a terminal line, strongly interrupted at the vein ends; fringe white, marked with green. Hindwing with termen strongly crenulate; white, much dotted with green, especially on veins and along inner margin; an elongate, raised white cell-mark along DC*, to which follows a green band which is moderately broad in costal half, but narrows, becomes much interrupted and almost vanishes towards inner margin; a very faint smoky blotch at apex, containing some large green spots; a small green patch between R'and R? adjoining this blotch; subterminal band and terminal line much as in forewing. Underside with the green markings much weaker, but with some slight brown markings near apex of forewing, and a strong fuscous blotch at apex of hindwing. Fak-Fak, r7oo feet, Dutch New Guinea, Dec. 1907 (A. E. Pratt). Type in coll. L. B. Prout. A second c, precisely similar and with same data, n coll. Brit. Mus. 2) Anisozyga diazeuxis, nov. sp. — d 9, 26-25 mm. Face green above, white below. Palpus olive-green on the outer side, white within and below and at the ends of the segments. Vertex green, collar partly white. Antennal shaft whitish, spotted with reddish fuscous; pectinations reddish fuscous. Thorax green above, white beneath, the long hair-tuft green (sometimes very pale). Foreleg bright ochreous, belted with white. Abdomen above green, spotted with white, Forewing rather short and broad, termen not very oblique, weakly crenulate; bright green, ,speckled with white; costal edge reddish fuscous, spotted with white; markings white; antemedian line rather thick, from a snowy spot at one-third costa, bccoming indistinct beyond vein M ; postmedian more slender, strongly dentate, somewhat interrupted, from costa at nearly three-fourths, inbent towards inner margin so as to approach antemediun : a line of spots of unequal sizes midway between rostmedian and termen, that between R? and M! the largest; a similar series (but smaller) close to termen, likewise intraneural; à series of white spots ut vein-ends; fringe green, greyer distally. Hindwing with termen cvenly crenulate from R! to tornus; DC? becoming extremely oblique, M! rather widely separate; basal half largely occupied with large white spots; a. thick strongly dentate line beyond middle (3 mm. from termen); two subterminalseries of white intraneural spots, larger and more regular than on forewing ; terminal dots and fringe as in forewing, tips of fringe white at ends of teeth (perhaps worn off in forewing). Underside paler, much more weakly marked ; fuscous costal markings rather broader, termen and fringe marked with fuscous from apex about to R* (gradually fading out). Fak-Fak, Duteh New Guinea, 1700 feet, Dec. r9go7 to Feb. r9o8 (A. E. Pratt). Type (c6) and cotype (9) in coll. L. B. Prout. Two cO, same data, in coll. Brit. Mus. A very commonplace looking little species, quite similar to caZZistzcéa, Turner, but remarkable for the wide separation of M! of hindwing, which is usually stalked in the ienus, exceptionally about connate, or very rarely just separate. ji) Warren savs « with a small triangulir horny projection above », but Turner writes us that this is inappreciable in his example, 84 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 53. GENUS CHLOROMACHIA, WARREN Chioromachia. Warren, Novit. Zool. (Vol. 4, p. 209, indescr.), Vol. 6, p. 329 (1899). Galactochlora. Warren, ibidem, Vol. 14, p. 133 (1907). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in Cf moderate, in 9 long, second joint stout, densely rough-scaled, third joint smooth, in cf small, in 9 long. Tongue present. Antenna in cj dentate, with fascicles of cilia, in Q with minute cilia (Section 1), or similar to those of the c (Section II). Pectus densely hairy. Femora hairy. Hindtibia in cf usually dilated with strong hair-pencil, Lut without the terminal process of typical Azisozyga. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa arched, apex moderate, termen somewhat waved, or entire, rounded, becoming oblique posteriorly (straighter in Section I1), cell short, DC incurved, SC! free, SC? normal, R! connate or approximated, rarely stalked, M! separate; hindwing with apex rounded off, termen more or less crenulate (except in Section II), bluntly toothed at R?, tornus pronounced, inner margin long, cell short (scarcely over one- third), DC* slightly incurved anteriorly, becoming rather oblique (much less so than in typical ZAnisozyga), C shortly approximated to cell, then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R? from much above middle of DC, M! stalked. Early stages unknown. Differs little from Azisozyga except in the C antenna and the less oblique discocellulars of the hindwing. The type-species is subject to a closely parallel sexual dimorphism to that of typical Anisozvga. Type of the genus : C/loromachia divapala (Walker) — Comibaena divapala, Walker (1899). Geographical distribution of species. — India to Malaysia, Japan. SkcTION I. — Forewing with termen bent, hindwing crenulate, c hindtibia strongly dilated, forewing with R!connate to separate (CAloromachia, Warren). 1. C. divapala (Walker). a. Chiloromachia divapala divapala. India with Ceylon and Anda- Comibaena divapala, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 575 (1861). mans, ? China. Combiaena divapala, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 434. t. 195, f. 2 (1887). Talassodes divapala, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 510 (1895). CAloromachia divapala, Warren, Novit Zool. Vol. 4, p. 209 (1897). Gelasma divapala, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 401 (1900). b. CAloromachia davapala albisparsa. Singapore, Borneo, ? Amboina. Thalera albisparsa, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 600 (1861. ? Comibaena albiceps, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127, f. 13 (1875). ? Phorodesma concinnata, Pagenstecher, Lep. Amboina, p. 37 (1884). ? CAloromachia divapala rufimargo, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4. p. 209 (1597). ? Gelasma rufimargo, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 675 (1902). SECTION II. — Forewing with termen almost straight, hindwing not crenulate, O' hindtibia scarsely dilated r), forewing with R! connate to short-stalked (Ga/actochlora, Warren). D m 2. C. pulchella (Warren). New Guinea, Ron Isl. Uliocuemis pulchella, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6. p. 28 (1899). Chloromachia (?) pallidata, Warren, ibidem, p. 329 (1899) (nov. syn.). Galactochlora nivestrota, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 14. p. 133 (1907) (nov. syn. . 1) Warren, in erectinz the genus GaZcfoczt/ora, overlooked the median spurs, which are quite short, and approximated to the terminal FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 85 54. GENUS LOPHOMACHIA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Lophomachia, nov. gen. l'rout. Characters. — lace smooth. Palpus moderate, second joint rough-scaled above and beneath, third joint smooth, exposed, in both sexes moderate. Tongue present. Antenna in c with long, strong serrate teeth, bearing minute cilia, in Q almost simple. Pectus and femora densely hairy. Hindtibia in c dilated, with hair-pencil and shortish to moderate terminal process, in both sexes with all spurs. Metathorax and abdomen stronglv crested. Frenulum fully developed. lF'orewing with costa arched, apex moderate, termen more or less crenulate, bowed, oblique, cell less than one-half, DC incurved or inangled, SC! from near apex of cell (in. semzalba sometimes connate with SC?»), always well free, SC» from before (or exceptionally just after) 5C?, R! connate or closely approximated, M! connate or approximated; hindwing with costa short, apex rounded, termen very long, usually crenulate, always bent at R?, tornus pronounced, inner margin long, cell short, DC slightly curved, not very oblique, C approximated to cell till towards one-half, then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R? characteristic, M! stalked. LakRva. — Prothorax, metathorax and first abdominal segment with small subdorsal protube- rances, third and fourth abdominals with long, pointed protuberances, tenth abdominal with a point; on Loranthus (Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 434). Pur. — Greenish, thickly covered with minute purple-brown speckles ( Moore, loc. cit.). Differs essentially from. C4loromachia in the dorsal crests. The difference 1n subcostal venation, though also not unimportant, is less constant. Type of the genus : Lofphomachia semialba (Walker) — Thalera semialba, Walker. Geographical distribution of species. — India, Singapore, Borneo. - . L. semialba (Walker). Ceylon, Singapore, Borneo. T'halera semialba, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 6or (1861). Comibaena semialba, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 434, t. 196, f. r, ra (1887). T'halassodes semialba, Hampson, Fauna, Ind. Moths, Vol. 3. p. 511 (1895). |CAloromachia] semialba, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 209 (1897). Gelasma semialba, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 402 (1900). . L. picturata ( Hampson). — Pl. 2, Fig. 8. Ceylon, Bombay. T'halassodes picturata, Hampson, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist, Soc. Vol. 14. p»6555t2G f. ni (1903)- 3. L. discipennata (Walker). Borneo. Thalera disctpeunata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol.22, p.600 (1861). Gelasma discipennata, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 402, t. 6, f. 6 (1900). 4. L. aureofulva (Warren) (huj. gen. ?) 1). I&hàsis. CAhloromachia aureofulva, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 209,t. 5, f. 20(1897). T halassodes aureofulva, Hampson, Journ. Bombay Nat, Hist. Soc. Vol. 14, p. 656 (1903). Is] bb. GENUS VICTORIA, WARREN Victoria. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 46 (1897). Characters. — lace rough-scaled. A strong tuft at base of antenna (slight in gordont and immu- aijfica). Palpus moderate to long, second joint moderately rough-haired, third joint smoother-scaled, 1) Male antenna simply ciliated, teste Warren. 86 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA in cf shortish to moderate, in Q moderate (albipictía) to long. Tongue absent or vestigial. Antenna short, in gf bipectinate to beyond one-half with long branches, in Q with shorter branches. Pectus and femora densely hairy. Hindtibia in gr (?), in Q with all spurs. Thorax densely clothed above, metathorax usually especially so, but without clearly differentiated crest. Abdomen strongly crested. Build robust. Frenulum strong in cf, present but weak in Q. Forewing with costa straight proximally, rather strongly arched distally. apex acute, termen crenulate, prominent at R?, cell one-half; DC? incurved, SC! free, SC? normal, R! connate or approximated, M! just separate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen toothed at vein-ends, especially at R! and R?, tornus prominent, cell rather less than one-half, DC? somewhat incurved, hardly oblique, C briefly anastomosing with cell, gradually diverging at first, but soon rapidly, SC? stalked, M! short-stalked or separate. Early stages unknown. "There is just a suspicion of the basal costal expansion of the hindwing in this and the following genus, and some weakening of the Q frenulum, showing an advance in the evolution towards Group V; they may be nearly in the line of ancestry of the group of robust, crested African genera which we refer there (Heterocrita, Bathycolpodes, etc.), but we consider the present their best position. Type of the genus : Victoria albipicia, Warren (1897). Geographical distribution of species. — lthiopian. I. V. albipicta, Warren. S. Africa. Victoria albipicta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p- 46 (1897). 2. V. fuscilhorax, Warren. Uganda, Sudan. Victoria fuscithorax, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12. p. 357 (1905;. 3. V. gordoni, nov. sp. 1), Prout. — PI. 3, Fig. 2. Old Calabar. 4. V. immunifica, nov, sp. 2), Prout. Sierra Leone, S. Nigeria. 5. V. mirabilis, Warren. Natal. Victoria mirabilis, Warren, Ann. S, Afric, Mus. Vol, 10 (1), P- 19 (1911). 56. GENUS ARCHICHLORA, WARREN Archichlora. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 11 (1898). Chloroteras. Warren, ibidem, Vol. 8, p. 8 (1901). 1) Victoria gordoni, nov. sp. — 2, 45 mm. Face reddish brown, not very rough-scaled. Palpus brownish fuscous, paler beneath. Vertex white; occiput green; tuft at base of antenna slight. Thorax green above, pale beneath. Abdomen pale brownish, the dorsal crests fuscous, not strongly developed. Wings thinly and smoothly scaled, somewhat hyaline with iridescent reflections. l'orewing sea-green with costa narrowly light brown, fuscous-speckled; a darker, more opaque patch at base; a scarcely perceptibly darkened, irregular submarginal band, preceded by irreg- ularly placed white vein-dots; a roundish, pale-margined and minutely pale-pupilled, deep fuscous discal mark ; a large, irregularly oval, deep fuscous blotch between M! and SM? close to tornus; terminal line deep fuscous, with pale dots at the ends of the veins; fringe light brownish proximallv, fuscous distally. Hindwing similar, but without the basal patch and tornal blotch, discal spot rather larger, subterminal shade interrupted between R? and. M, Underside still paler green, the dark discal marks somewhat reduced. with broader pale circumscription; the subterminal band boldly marked in fuscous, and throwing out luscous lines along the veins to termen ; tornal blotch of forewing as above. S. Nigeria, Old Calabar, 150 feet, January roth rooz (C. J. M. Gordon). Type in Oxtord Museum, presented by the captor. An absolutely typical Vzcforta except in the few slight details of structure voted above; yet very distinct in the smooth scaling, and in the dark tornal blotch. The type is in beautiful condition. 2) Victoria immunifica, nov. sp. — OQ, 40 mm. Face crimson. Palpus fuscous-crimson above, first and second joints whitish beneath. third joint long, ochreous beneath. Antennal shaft ochreous, marked with crimson above (mixed with fuscous proximallvs, pectinations ochreous, Vertex crimson, spotted with blackish fuscous; occiput green. Fore- and middlelegs ochreous, crimson above; hindleg whitish, with the tarsus ochreous. Thorax green above. Abdomen white, flushed with pale crimson above and sparsely speckled with fuscous; crests well developed, vellow, mixed with fuscous. Forewing bluish green, costa broadly crimson, heavily spotted with blackish fuscous, distally more ochreous; a blackish mark projecting from costal shade near base; antemedian line whitish, indistinct, lunulate, with a small tooth: on SM?, from inner margin at two-fifths becoming obsolete on entering cell; discal mark round, crimson-fuscous, pale-centred; postmedian line whitish, almost obsolete, midway between vell-spot and termen, parallel with latter, indicated chiefly by a few white vein-dots; terminal line fine, fuscous, interrupted at vein-ends; fringe white, flushed with pile crimson, and strongly marked with fuscous excepting a pale basal line. Hindw ing similar, without costal markings and antemedian. Underside whitish green, costa more ochreous than above, less speckled; discal marks faintly indicated, but small, not pale-centred ; fringe paler than above, but similar. Sierra Leone (C. R. Bartlett). Type in coll. Brit. Mus, A c from llesha, S. Nigeria (L. E. H. Humfrey), also in coll. Brit, Mus., is practically. certainly conspecific, although as the locality is different we have omitted reference to it in the diagnosis. Its abdomen, antennal shaft, vertex and costa are more heavily mixed with fuscous, and the postmedian line on both wings is accompanied proximally by distinct fuscous dashes on the veins, of which there are only one or two faint suggestions in the tvpe. The third palpal joint is of course much shorter, and the antennal pectinations considerably longer than in the 9. In both sexes the metathorax is smooth, and the tuft of scales at base of antenna quite slight. M! of hindwing is well stalked. In the c the hindtibia is dilated with bair-pencil. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 87 Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus im both sexes quite short. Tongue usually weak (well developed in Pulveriplaga). Antenna not tufted at base, in both sexes bipectinate, with apex simple. Pectus densely hairy. Femora hairy. Hindtibia in cf usually dilated with hair-pencil, in both sexes with all spurs, the median sometimes short. Metathorax not crested. Abdomen stronglv crested. Frenulum in cf moderately strong, from before a scarcely appreciable costal expansion, in Q apparently rudimentary. Build robust. Forewing with costa straight, except at base and apex, apex more or less prominent, termen elbowed in middle, oblique posteriorly (variable in other respects), cell nearly one-half, DC deeply incurved, SC! free (in zowata anastomosing strongly with C and with SC?), SC? normal, R! connate to short-stalked (in zozaía separate) M! separate, connate or stalked; hindwing with apex moderate or a little truncate, termen toothed, with the strongest teeth at R! and R?, or merely waved, with a rather strong tooth at R! and a very slight one at R?, tornus pronounced, cell less than one-half, DC? incurved, C anastomosing at a point or very shortly with SC near base, then a little. approximated before diverging strongly (in zozafa approximated to fully one-half cell), SC? stalked, R? from considerably above middie of DC, M! connate or stalked (in sonata separate). Early stages unknown. A further development from Victoria distinguished by the short (in Section II absolutely minute) palpus, the still weaker Q frenulum, etc.; but it can hardly be in an absolutely direct line of descent, on account of the tongue. Type of the genus : -rcZichlora viridimacula, Narren (1898). Geographical distribution of species. — .Ethiopian. SECTION I. — Palpus not excessively minute, build usually very robust, termen usually not crenulate (4rchichlora, Warren). I. A. viridimacula, Warren. — Pl. 5, Fig. 8. W. Africa. Avrchichlora viridimacula, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 12 (1895j. Victoria viridimacula, Swinhoe, ''rans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 551 (1904). 2. A. marginata (Warren). Nigeria, Ashanti, Victoria marginata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 497 (1902/. 3. A. marcescens, Warren. Nigerla. Archichlora marcescens, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r1. p. 465 (1904). 4. A. pulveriblaga (Warren). Nigeria. Oospila pulveriplaga, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 14 (1895). Victoria pulveriplaga, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 8, p. 8 (1901). 5. A. ansorgei (Warren). Uganda. Victoria ausorget, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 8 (1901). 6. A. perornata (Warren) (sect. sequ. ?). Nigeria. Victoria perornata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 237 (1898) SECTION II. — Palpus excessively minute, build not very robust, termen crenulate (CA/orofteras, Warren). 7. A. devoluta (Walker). W. Africa. Comibaena devoluta, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 572 (1861). Chloroteras devoluta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 8 (1901). Victoria devoluta, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 551 (1904). SEcTION III. — Palpus not excessively minute, termen not crenulate, forewing with SC! anastomosing strongly with C and SC?, hindwing with C approximated to cell to one-half (gen. div. ?). 8. A. zonata (Walker). S. Africa. Comibaena zonata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26. p. 1566 (1862). 88 IZEPIDOPTERA HUELDCEROCIERA 57. GENUS CHLORODES, GuENÉE Chlorodes. Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 378 (1858). Characters. — lace smooth. Palpus moderate, second joint rough-scaled above and beneath, third joint in both sexes small. Tongue present. Antenna about one-half, in cy bipectinate to near apex with moderate branches, in Q subserrate, minutely ciliated. Pectus and femora somewhat hairy. Hindtibia in cf not dilated, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. lF'renulum present in both sexes. Forewing with costa arched distally, apex acute, termen entire, oblique, scarcelv convex, tornus rather pronounced, cell about one-half. DC somewhat incurved, SC! from cell, usually anastom- osing with C, sometimes also with SC?, SC? normal, R! short-stalked, M! well separate; hindwing with costa not shortened, apex rounded, termen subcrenulate, prominent at R!, bluntly toothed at R*, tornus roundly produced, cell less than. one-half, DC? slightly oblique, DC? slightly incurved, then oblique outwards, C approximated to cell to nearly one-half, rather graduallv diverging, SC? stalked, M! just separate. Lanva. — With subdorsal processes much as in /Hipparchus, Anisozvga, Lophomachia, etc. (Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 626). Tyne of the genus : Chiorodes boisduvalaria (Le Guillou) (1858). Geographical distribution of species. — Justialian. I. C. borsduvalaria (Le Guillou). S. E. Australia, Tasmania. | N. gen.] boisduvalaria, Le Guillou, Rev. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 257 (1841). Chlorodes mirandaria. Guenée. Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o, p. 370, t. 5. f. 7 (1858). Iodis boisduvalaria, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 892 (1888). CAlorodes boisduvalaria, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2. p. 397 ( 1900). 58. GENUS OPISTHOTIA, WARREN Opisthotia. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 386 (1594). x Characters. — l'ace smooth. Palpus in cf moderate, second joint moderatelv rough-scaled, third joint rather small (in Q?). Tongue developed. Antenna rather short, in cj bipectinate to near apex with rather short branches. Pectus hairy. Femora somewhat hairy (?). Hindtibia in c dilated with hair- pencil, four rather stout spurs, the terminal rather short, Hindtarsus rather short and thick. Abdomen crested. Frenulum developed. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex moderate, termen curved, faintly waved, tornus rather pronounced, cell less than one-half, DC incurved, SC! free, SC? stalked to considerably beyond SC*, R! connate or approximated, M' separate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen with a slightly projection at R? and a still slighter at R!, rather straight from R? to near tornus, tornus produced to a rounded lobe, inner margin rather long, cell short, DC oblique, usually rather direct, occasionally with DC? somewhat incurved anteriorly, C approximated to SC in second fourth of cell, then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R? from near R!, M! separate. Early stages unknown. Except in the crested abdomen, and the position of SC? of forewing, differs little from the preceding and following genera. Its shape differs from both, as does also the dilated hindtibia. From Osicosema it is further distinguished by having M! of hindwing separate. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 89 Tyne of the genus : Ofisthotia lumidilinea (Moore) — Geometra tumidilinea, Moore (1894). Geographical distribution of species. —- Indian. 1. O. tumidilinea ( Moore). N. India. Geometra tumidilinca, Moore, Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 249 (1888). Opisthotia tumidilinea, Warren, Novit. Zool Vol. 1, p. 386 (1894). Elliocuemis tumidilinta, Hampson, Fauna Ind Moths, Vol. 3, p. 489 (1505). 59. GENUS OSTEOSEMA, WARREN Osteosema. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 392 (1894). Chlorostrota. Warren, ibidem. Vol. 4, p. 36 (1897). Characters. — Face scarcely protuberant, smooth-scaled. Palpus rather slender, short to moderate, second joint shortly rough-scaled, third joint small in both sexes, or moderately long in 9. Tongue developed. Antenna rather short, in both sexes bipectinate with simple apex, the branches shorter in the Q than in the cf (Pl. 5). Pectus and femora hairy. Hindtibia in gf not dilated, in both sexes with all spurs developed. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa arched, apex moderate or rather pronounced, termen oblique, very faintly waved, sometimes shghtly bent at R*, tornus rather pronounced, cell less than one-half, DC incurved, SC! free, SC? normal, R! separate (in Pastor occasionally short-stalked), M! approximated to R?; hindwing with apex rounded, termen convex, somewhat waved, often elbowed at R?, tornus pronounced, sometimes (especially in fasfor) with an approach to the expansion of Ofisthotia, cell short, DC not very oblique, C approximated to SC for some distance near base, then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, M! stalked. Early stages unknown. Type of the genus : Osleosema sangiilineata (Moore) — Comibaena sanguilineala, Moore (1894). Geographical distribution of species. — N. India, Borneo. SkcTION I. — cf antennal pectinations short and reaching to little beyond two-thirds ; Q palpus with third joint quite short (Osfeosema, Warren). 1. O. sangutlineala ( Moore). N. India. Comibaena sanguilineata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 635 (1867). Osteosema sanguilineata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 392 (1894). Eucrostes sanguilineata, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 176 (1894). T halassodes sanguilineata, Hampson, Fauna Ind, Moths, Vol. 3, p.512 (1895j. 2. O. fastor (Butler). N. India. Chlorodes pastor, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5). Vol. 6, p. 216 (1880) ; Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 6, p. 73, t. 117, f. 13 (1586). Thalassodes pastor, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 511 (1895). SECTION II. — cg antennal pectinations rather long, and reaching to near apex; Q palpus with third joint relatively long (C/Uorostrofa, Warren). 3. O. alboviridis ( Moore). N. E. Bengal. 72): ) Geometra alboviridis, Moore, roc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 581.t. 34, f. 3 (15 Uliocnemis albiviridis, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 489 (1805). Chlorostrota albiviridis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p 36 (1897). 4. O. praeampla ( Warren) (praec. var. ?). Assam. Chlorostrota Praeampla, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 37 (1897). 9o LEPIDOBTERA HETEROCERA Ultocnemis albiviridis (part.), Hampson, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 14, p. 655 (1903). 5. O. discata (Warren) (huj. gen.?) 1). N. Borneo. Chlorostrota discata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4. p. 359 (1897. à 60. GENUus OCHROGNESIA, WARREN Ochrognesia. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 391 (1894). Myrtea. Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop.d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 64, p. 478(1895)(nec Turton, 1822). Characters. — l'ace smooth. Palpus moderate, second joint relatively long, strongly rough- haired above and beneath, third joint in both sexes small. Tongue present. Antenna rather short, in c bipectinate to about two-thirds with rather short, well-ciliated branches, apex ciliated, in Q minutely ciliated. Pectus hairy. Legs short. lF'emora hairy. Hindtibia in gf much dilated, with strong hair-pencil and long terminal process. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum developed in both sexes. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex moderate, termen curved, oblique, cell less than one-half, DC deeply incurved, oblique posteriorly, SC! free, SC? normal, R! very short-stalked, M! separate; hindwing with apex moderate, termen elbowed at R?, tornus squared, cell short, DC not very oblique, C approximated to cell for some distance, then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R? from much above middle, M! stalked. Early stages apparently undescribed. We suspect that the larva found at Shanghai on Salix pentandya, closely resembling « the remains of a leaf of which the softer parts had been eaten away » belonged to this species (See Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. (3), Vol. 5, p. 26.). Closely akin to Comibaena, with which it is often united; but the development of the Q frenulum and lack of definite basal expansion to hindwing show it to be a slightly more primitive form. From Osteosema it differs in the stronger, more hairy palpus, the cf hindtibia and the Q antenna. Tyne of the genus : Ochrognesia difficla (Walker) — Comibaena difficta, Walker (1894). Geographical distribution of species. — l-.. «ia. 1. O. difficía (Walker). E. Siberia to China, Japan. Comibaena difícia, Nalker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 576 (1861. Phorodesma gratiosaria, Bremer, Mém. Acad. St-Pétersb. Vol. 8, p. 77, D 73 T I (18641. Ochrognesia diffícta, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 39r (1894). Mvrtea gratiosaria, Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 64, p. 479 (1895). Euchloris difficta, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 236 (18097). Ewchloris gratiosaria, Staudinger. Cat. (ed. 3), p. 262 (roor). Group V 61. GENUS ULIOCNEMIS, WARREN Uliocnemis. Warren. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 355 (1893). Characters. — lace smooth or somewhat rough-scaled. Palpus im both sexes with second joint long, rough-haired beneath, third joint in cf rather short, in Q long, smooth-scaled. Tongue 1) We have only seen the one specimen, and this, though absolutely an Os/eose»ra in facies and in. most characters, is ercatic in venation, fore- wing having SC! anastomosing strozily with C, SC^ arising much before SC*, M! widely separate from R?, hindwing with R*? from very near Rt. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 9I present. Antenna rather short, with a slight or strong tuft of scales at base, in both sexes bipectinate, in gf with very long, in Q with moderate branches, apical extremity (about one-fifth) near!v simple. Pectus and femora hairy. Foretibia strongly tufted, mid- and hindtibia more or less hairy. Hindtibia not dilated, median spurs absent, or short, rather approximated to the terminal. Metathorax and abdomen crested. HIindwing with very slight costal expansion at base, frenulum in cf rather strong, in Q wanting, or vestigial. Forewing with costa gently arched, apex squared, termen entire, inore or less oblique, curved, cell less than one-half, DC? incurved, SC! free, SC? normal, R! separate, connate or stalked, M! separate; hindwing with apex rounded or moderate, termen rounded (very slightly bulged in middle) or sinuous and elbowed at R?, inner margin rather long, cell short, DC? incurved or rather oblique, C shortly approximated to cell, then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked (in Partita oftener connate), M! stalked or connate. cf genitalia with uncus bifid, gnathos terminating in a point, harpes parallel, plain, with socii, vinculum square, emarginate at the base, penis pestillate, narrowed. towards the base. LaRvA. — Rather stout, the segments provided with haired fleshy processes, to which it attaches small pieces of withered leaves and flowers, after the manner of Comibaeza and. Euchloris. Colour uniform yellowish drab (Hampson, //. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 9, p. 145, t. 176, f. 18; Green, Spolta Zeylanica, Vol. 1, p. 74). An interesting genus, standing nearly on the border-line between Groups IV and V. Turner, indeed, places it in the former, but states that he has not examined the 9 ; moreover he has no doubt worked chieHy from partita, Walker, which is clearly the most ancestral of the genus, with the strongest Cf frenulum, strongest crests and most primitive venation. But in spite of some variations in structure, not only in the respects just mentioned, but in the tibial armature, the genus is too natural to bear dividing. It is interesting that the genitalia show an even closer resemblance to Zuchloris than to Comi- baena, to which the superficial resemblance is so much greater; but all three, together with Aedossoc/lorts, Argyrocosma and Iulofs, form a thoroughly natural group. Type of the genus : Uliocnemis cassidara (Guenée) — P/horodesma casstdara, Guenée (1893). Geographical distribution of species. — Indo-Australian. SECTION I. — Hindtibial armature variable r). I. U. cassidara (Guenée). a. Uliocnemis cassidara cassidara. : N. India and China to Singapore. Phorodesma cassidara, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o, p. 370 (1858). Comuibaena cassidaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 522 (1861). Uliocnemis cassidara, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 355 (1893). b. Uliocnemis cassidara biplagiata. Ceylon. Comibaena biplagiata (Walker, MS.), Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 435/1887). SECTION II. — Hinditibia with terminal spurs only. 2. U. fartila (Walker). — PI. 3, Fig. 3. India to Australia. Comibuena partita, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 573 (1861). Comibaena felicitata, Walker, ibidem, p. 579 (1861). T'halera concisiplaga, Walker, ibidem, p. 598 (1861). Iodis partita, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales/2), Vol. 2, p. 892(1888). Eucrostis partita, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 490 (1889). Uliocnemis partita, Hampson, Fauna Ind, Moths, Vol. 3, p. 488, f. 216 (1895). 1; The race from N. India, China and the Malay Peninsula, so far as we have seen, has always terminal spurs only ; that lrom Ceylon has one median spur present in the 7 (perhaps sometimes both), and both present in the 2. 92 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 3. U. calliptera (Meyrick). British New Guinea, Eucrostis calliptera, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 489 (1889;. Uliocnemis calliptera, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 28 (1899). 4. U. woodfordi, Warren. Solomon Islands. Uliocuemis twoodfordi, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 29 (1899). SEcTION III. — Hindtibia with all spurs. 5. U. elegans, Warren. Dutch New Guinea, Loui- Uliocnemis elegans, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 28 (1899). siades, Bismarck Archi- Uliocnemis cassidara, Pagenstecher. Zoologica, Vol. 29, p. 153 (1900 pelago, ? N. E. Australia. (nec Guenée). 62. GENUS AGATHIOPSIS, WARREN Agathiopsis. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 285 (1896). Characters. — l'ace smooth. Palpus moderate, second joint with close, thick scaling, third joint smooth, in c short, in Q moderate. Tongue developed. Antenna moderate, in cf bipectinate to beyond one-half, with moderate or rather short branches, in Q nearly simple. Pectus and femora hairy. Hindtibia in c dilated, with hair-pencil and moderate terminal process, in both sexes with all spurs. Metathorax crested (especially in &asipuncta). Abdomen not appreciably crested. Wings moderately or rather thinly scaled. Frenulum in cf well developed, in Q wanting or vestigial. Forewing with costa straight to near apex, then arched, apex moderate or rather acute, termen gently or strongly curved, oblique, entire or faintly waved, cell nearly one-half, DC incurved, SC! free, SC? stalked to beyond SC*, R! connate or short-stalked, M! connate or separate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen crenulate, in maculaía with a more prominent tail at R?, tornus pronounced, cell short, DC? sometimes rather strongly oblique, DC? rather straight or incurved, not very, oblique, C shortly appressed to cell near base (the appression in maculata sometimes commencing with point-anastomosis). rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R? very characteristic, M! stalked. c genitalia with uncus large, massive, tapered, gnathos very strong, terminating in a strong tooth; below and behind the uncus, on either side, protrude scobinated globular processes; harpes fused at the base, the clasper exactly resembling a stockinged lee and foot; penis pestillate, widening above; coremata present. Early stages unknown. Is in similar case, as regards the frenulum, to the preceding genus; the basal expansion in the c is entirely negligeable, and the frenulum of full development, yet it is completely atrophied in the 9. The type species differs from the other two in a large number of slight structural details, each species being very true to its own characters: but there can be no doubt as to their relationship. There is a marked sexual dimorphism in all, though not so extreme as in tvpical Anisozyga. Type of the genus : 4ga/Aiopsis maculata, Narren (1896). Geographical distribution of species. — New Guinea and N. Queensland to Solomons, r. 4. maculata, Warren. New Guinea, Fergusson Isl., Agathiopsis maculata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 286 (1896 . New Pomerania. Agathia benedicta, Pagenstecher, Zoologica, Vol. 29, p. 152, t. 2, f. 3o (1900 (nov. syn.). 2. A. basipuncia, Warren. — PI. S, Fig. 4. New Guinea, Fergusson Isl.. Agathiopsis basipuncta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 285 (1896). N. Oueensland. Euchloris amphibola. 'Tarner, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 3o, p. 128 (16506). 3. A. subflavata, Warren. Solomon Islands. Agathiopsis subflavata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. 421 (1905). FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 93 63. GENUS CHLOROMIANTA, WARREN Chloromianta. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 104 (1896). Characters. third joint rather small (Q unknown). longue present. Antenna in c bipectinate to two-thirds with Face smooth. l'alpus in moderate, second joint shortly but densely scaled I ] 3 3 , moderate branches. Pectus hairy. Hindtibia in o somewhat dilated, all spurs present, the terminal the shorter. Abdomen with four dorsal crests of curved hairs. Frenulum in cf developed, no appreciable basal expansion to hindwing. Forewing with costa straight to near apex, then arched, apex moderate, termen oblique, especially posteriorly, cell less than one-half, DC incurved, SC! free, SC? stalked to beyond SC*, R! connate, M! approximated ; hindwing with apex rounded, termen subcrenulate, slightly toothed at R'and R?, tornus pronounced, cell short, DC? oblique, DC? hardly oblique, C shortly approximated to 5C near base, then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, M! short-stalked. Early stages unknown. Apparently close to the preceding and following genera, so that the Q frenulum may be assumed to be wanting or vestigial; that of the c is as in ApgatAofsis. Type of the genus : CAloromianta ferruginata, Warren (1896). Geographical distribution of species. — Assam, 1. C. ferruginata, Warren. — Pl. 8, Fig. 5. Khásis. Chloromianta ferruginata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, P. 104 (1896. Chlorodontopera. ferruginata, Hampson, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist, Soc. Vol. 12, p. 89 (1898). 64. GeENUs RHOMBORISTA, WARREN Rhomborista. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4. p. 44 (1897). Characters. — l'ace smooth. Palpus moderate to rather long, second joint shortly but densely scaled, third joint smooth-scaled, in gt short, in Q variable. Tongue present. Antenna short, in c bipectinate to about two-thirds with rather long branches, in Q nearly simple. Pectus hairy. Hindtibia in gf dilated with hair-pencil, but without terminal process, all spurs present. Abdomen with small, narrow crests. Frenulum in cf rather strong, but not very long, arising from before a basal expansion of hindwing, in Q wanting. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex moderate or rather acute, termen oblique, varying from very gently curved to ventricose, cell rather short, DC somewhat sinuous, usually slightly angled at origin of R?, SC! free, SC? stalked to far beyond SC?, R! connate or separate, M! separate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen crenulate, with projecting teeth at R! and R?, or smoother with slighter teeth, tornus pronounced, cell rather short, DC? obliquely curved, DC? arising markedly distally, curved or rather strongly oblique, C approximated to cell near base, then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, M! very shortly stalked, connate or approximated. Early stages apparently undescribed. A very close relative or C/hloromianta, but with definite basal expansion of hindwing, and. with very different, slighter dorsal crests. Type of the genus : I'homborisla devexata (Walker) — Comibaeaa devexata, Walker (1897). 94 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Geographical distribution of species. — India to Sunda Islands, New Guinea. 1. R. devexata (Walker). India. Comibaena devexata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 573 (1861 . Agathia scutuligera, Butler. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 6, p. 216 (1880): Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 6, p. 73, t. 118. f. 1 (1886). Comibaena sculiligera, Cotes & Swinhoe, Cat. Moths Ind. (4), p. 523 (1888;. GEnospila scutuligera, Swinhoe. "lI rans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 6 (1802). Euchloris devexata, Swinhoe, ibidem, p. 175 (1894). Chlorodontopera devexata, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 484 (1895). Rhomborista devexata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 44 (1807). 2. R. megaspilaria (Guenée). Borneo, Java. Phorodesma megaspilaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o, p. 371 (1858 . Comibaena megaspilaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins, Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 577 (1861). Comibaena uniplaga, Walker, ibidem, p. 578 (1861j. Rhomborista megaspilaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 44 (1897. 3. R. semipurpurea, Warren. N. E. India. Rhomborista semipurpurea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 45 (1897). Chlorodontopera megaspilaria (part.), Hampson, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 12, p. 89 (1808). 4. R. gibbosa, Prout. Dutch New Guinea. Rhomborista megaspilaria gibbosa, Prout, The Entomologist, Vol. 44. p. 27 (191r). 65. GENUS SPANIOCENTRA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Spaniocentra, nov. gen. l'rout. Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus rather long, especially in Q, second joint close-scaled, reaching well beyond frons, third joint smooth-scaled, in c* moderate, in Q long. Tongue present. Antenna rather short, in cf bipectinate to beyond one-half with moderate branches, a considerable apical portion merely with short cilia, in Q minutelv ciliated. Pectus somewhat hairy. Hindtibia in c not dilated (except in undz/erata), in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen with small, narrow crests. Hindwinz with marked basal expansion, frenulum wanting in Q. Forewing slightly arched at base and distally, nearly straight between, apex acute, termen smooth, oblique, slightly curved (in undiferata very strongly oblique posteriorly), cell less than one-half, DC? incurved, DC? somewhat curved, becoming oblique, SC! free, SC? stalked to bevond SC?, R! connate or stalked, M! sepa:ate; hindwing with termen waved, produced to a small tooth at R!, and with a still slighter one at R?, tornus pronounced, cell short, DC? obliquely curved, DC? arising distally, usually rather straight and not very oblique, C shortly or moderately appressed to cell, always diverging before middle, SC? stalked, M! usually short-stalked, sometimes connate or approximated (Pl. 2, Fig. 16). c genitalia : uncus abruptly tapering, with short socii, gnathos pointed, harpe with a dentate plate on the inner side, penis pestillate, zedeeagus covered with large spines, vesica with a bunch of cornuli, LARVA. — Slender, twig-like, green, spiracles black, prothorax and eighth abdominal with a pointed prominence. Feeds on Loranthus (Moore. Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 434). Pura. — Green, abdominal segments minutely black-speckled (Moore, loc. cit.). An offshoot of RAomborista, distinguished chiefly by the absence of the median spurs. Type of the genus : Sfaniocentra pannosa (Moore) — Comibaena pannosa, Moore. Geographical distribution of species. — India and China to Celebes. I. S. Pannosa (Moore). India to Burma, Borneo Comibaena pannosa, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 433. t. 145, f. 1, 1a (1857). (var ?). FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 95 Comibaena devexata &, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 574 (1861) (nec typus). CEnospila lyra, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 6 (1892). Chlorodontopera pannosa, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol, 3, p. 484 (1895 . Rhomborista pannosa, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 389 (1900). 2. S. incomptaria ( Leech) (prac. var. vel syn. ?). W. China. Euchloris incomptaria, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 239 (1897). 3. S. undiferata (Walker). Celebes. Comibaena undiferata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 35, p. 1612 (1866;. Chlorodontopera devexata (part.), Hampson, Fauna Ind, Moths, Vol. 3, p- 484 (1895) (nec Walker). Rhomborista undiferata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4. p. 44. 391 (1897); Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2. p. 380, t. 6, f. 1 (1900). 66. GeNus METACINETA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Metacineta, nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — lace smooth. Palpus in both sexes short (scarcely longer than diameter of eye), second joint with moderately appressed scales, third joint smooth, slender. Tongue present. Antenna short, in C bipectinate to about three-fourths, with long branches, in Q almost as strongly bipectinate. Pectus somewhat hairy. Hindtibia in c not dilated, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen with small curved crests. Frenulum present in gf, wanting in Q. Forewing rather broad, costa slightly arched, apex squared, termen faintly waved, curve, oblique posteriorly, cell not quite one-half, DC? somewhat curved, DC? becoming very oblique, SC! free, SC? long-stalked with SC** (far bevond origin of SC»), R! very short-stalked, M! separate; hindwing ample, termen convex, faintly subcrenulate, sometimes with a slightly stronger elbow at R?, tornus pronounced, cell not quite one-half, DC? obliquely curved, becoming almost horizontal, DC? arising considerably distally, oblique, C closely approximated to or anastomosing with cell ata point near base, rapidly diverging, SC? short-stalked, M! well separate. Early stages unknown. Differs from. RAomborista, as will appear from the diagnoses, in a number of characters, though none, perhaps, verv profound. Moreover, all the species of Melacineta, so far as at present known, are characterized by a white vermiculation on the green wings, very different from the smooth, even green of Rhomborista. All the species are closey related (possibly races of one variable species.) Type of the genus : Me/acineía intermaculata (Warren) — IAomborisla intermaculata, Warren. Geographical distribution of species. — /Ethiopian. 1. M. intermaculata (Warren). Senegambia. Rhomborista inteymaculata, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12. p. 356 (1905). 2. M. rhodosticta (IH ampson) (praec. var. ?). Mashonaland to — British Comibaena. rhodosticta, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. P. 4 75. t. 39, E. Africa. f. 3o (1910). 3. M. rubella ( Warren) (zntermaculata vav.?). Niger. Heterorachis rubella, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r1, p» 465 (1904). 4. M. aggravaria (Guenée) (huj. gen. ?) r). « Cavenne? ». Racheospila aggravaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o. p. 373 (1858). Racheolopha aggravaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 137 (1000 . 5. M. rufomarginata (Pagenstecher) (huj. gen. ?). Quilimane. Thallassudes rufomarginata, Pacwenstecher, Jahrb. Hamburg. Anstalten, Vol. 10 (2), p. 46 (1893/. 1) Guenée's description, and a sketch ot his type kindly sent to us by M. Ch. Oberthür, strongly suggest 4 member of this genus, in which case there can be no doubt that Guenée's queried locality was erroneous. We know no South American species at all like this 96 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 67. GENUS ARGYROCOSMA, WARREN Argyrocosma. Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 609 (1910). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus moderate to long, second joint reaching beyond frons, moderately rough-scaled, third joint smooth, in cj rather short, in 9 long, slender, slightly spatulate. ''ongue developed. Antenna in c bipectinate to about three-fourths, with long branches, in 9 minutely ciliated. Pectus slightly hairy. Hindtibia in cf somewhat dilated, with hair-pencil and terminal process, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in cj present, slender, in Q vestigial. Forewing with costa gently arched, apex moderately acute, termen curved, oblique, cell about one-half, DC? curved, becoming oblique, DC? arising distally, SC! stalked with SC?*», well away from C, SC? arising after SC^, R! well separate, M! well separated at origin from R?; hindwing with apex moderate, termen rounded, tornus pronounced, cell about one-half, DC* curved, becoming almost horizontal, DC? arising considerably distally, sometimes very oblique, C rather shortly approximated to cell near base, SC? stalked, R? from a little above middle of cell, sometimes almost central r), M* widely separated at origin from R? (Pl. 2, Fig. 1 2). LaRva.— Undescribed. A drawing by F. Moore, in coll. Brit. Mus., made from a Javan specimen of that of PArixopa, shows a rugose brown larva, unmistakably akin of that of Comibaena, clothed with large pieces of leaf. PupA. — Of moderate build, tapering somewhat towards head; brown, surface finely shagreened, spiracular spots raised, dark; anal extremity as in the allies, a strong projection above the anus bearing the armature of spines, which is nearly as that of Hifparchus, the strong central pair curved and crossed, the others (probably six, but one or two broken off) more slender, ending in spiral curves (from empty pupa-case of PArixopa in coll. Brit. Mus.). 'The genus is certainly related to the following (especially to subAyalima), but very distinct in its more extreme venation, palpus less rough-scaled above. Type of the genus : 4Argyrocosma argosticla, l'urner (1910). Geographical distribution of species. — Java to N. Vustialia. r. A. argosticía, l'urner. N. Australla. Euchloris argosticta, ' Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 28, p. 220 (1904). Argyrocosma argosticta, Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 6ro (1910). 2. A. phrixopa (Meyrick). Java to Sumba. T'halassodes plirixopa, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 73 (1597). Prasinocyma albipunctata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 390 (1897 (nov. syn.j. 68. GENUS COMIBAZENA, HUBNER Comibaena. lIübner, Verz. bek, Schmett. p. 284 (18267); Walker, List Lep. Ins. Drit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 568 (1861) 1) I he obvious explanation of this is that on account of the distad migration of DC? a portion of vein which would have been reckoned to R? has to be regarded as belonging to DC*; we have a specimen in which DC? is more than usually oblique, its base more proximad and the point of origin of R* consequently more normal. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 97 Phorodesma. Boisduval, Gen. et Ind. Meth. Eur. Lep. p. 179 (1840); Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lep. Vol. 9, p. 368 (1858). Colutoceras. Warren, Novit. Zool, Vol. 2, p. 88 (1895). Chlorochromodes. Warren, ibidem, Vol. 3, p. 103 (1896). Comostolodes. Warren, ibidem, p. 308 (1896). Probolosceles. Warren, ibidem, p. 368 (1897); Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 73 (1897). Proboloscles. Sharp, Zool. Rec. Vol. 33, p. 260 (1897). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus with second joint long, strong, subascending, clothed with long hair-scales beneath and rough-scaled above, third joint porrect or slightly deflexed, smooth- scaled, rather slender, in c short to moderate, in Q moderate to long (Fig. 9). Tongue present. Antenna rather short to moderate, in cf bipec- tinate to about two-thirds, with long branches, FiG. 10 in 9 nearly simple, minutely ciliated, or den- tate-ciliate, or very varelv (argentatarta, biviaria) bipectinate, though more shortly than in the cf. Pectus hairv. Femora somewhat hairy. Fore- tibia sometimes stronglv tufted, as in Ulroc- nemis. Hindtibia in c (except aficifpicta) dilated "9 -— with hair-pencil and more or less long terminal [ 1 ^ Hindl X Comibaena mariae, Lucas, gj . Head of Cowsbaena 2usfulotz, — process(Fig. 1O). Abdomen not crested. Frenu- Vai E LA ore lum in c rather short, from before well-marked basal expansion, in Q vestigial, often entirely wanting. Forewing with costa gently arched, apex squared or somewhat acute, termen entire, oblique, rather straight or gently curved, cell less than or fully one-half, DC incurved (usually continuously, very rarely with DC? separately curved, resulting in a form approaching that of the preceding genera), SC! usually from near end of cell or connate or very shortlv stalked, occasionally (frocumbaria, inductaría, biplaga, quadrinotata, integranola, atlenuata and perhaps a few others) well stalked, oftenest free, sometimes anastomosing with C, SC? usually arising before SC? (after it in biblaga, quadrinolata, integranota, attenuata, variable 1n frocumbaria), R! usually stalked with SC??, sometimes connate or separate, M! usually separate, sometimes connate or stalked ; hindwing with apex moderate (pronounced in feuera), termen. smooth or faintly waved, usually well rounded, sometimes straighter, tornus distinct (in fzcfipennis and its nearest allies slightly produced), cell less than or fully one-half, DC somewhat curved, typically becoming strongly oblique (DC? some- times separately curved, in subAyalina indeed almost angled), C shortly approximated to cell near base, rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R? variable in position, tvpically from much above middle, M! verv variable, typically connate, approximated or very shortly stalked, sometimes (?nductaria, mariae, albicatena, and probably a.few others) longer stalked, occasionally (sub/rvalzna, tenera) widely separate at origin. c genitalia with uncus bifid, with pointed socii, enathos with arms not united (absent in Pustu- lataj, harpe sometimes dentate on inner margin, vinculum square (in iuductaria rounded), strongly emarginate at the base. penis long and slender (fustulata, inductarta, mariae and. integranota ceenitalia examined ). Ecc — Very flat, a short rounded oval with micropylar end truncate, both sides deeply depressed, surface covered with a delicate, but very much raised, cell net-work (Bacot, Emf. Rec. Mol 55003294): Lanva, — Exceedingly rugose, the skin shagreened or spicular, in first stadium an enormously developed lateral flange, specially developed processes on this flange (subdorsal on abdominal 98 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA segments 1-4, subventral on 5, dorsal on 8) each bearing a specialized hooked hair (in later life modified into tall fleshy cone armed with hooks), some flask-shaped, hollow hairs on the thoracic segments and abdominals r-8 (lost in later life); by means of silken threads twined about the hooks, the larva attaches fragments of the foodplant, by which the body is almost entirely concealed ( Burrows & Bacot, loc. cit. p. 175, 204, t. 8, on fustulata ; the larvze of several other species are known, and have the same habit). Pura. — Brown, rugose, shagreened, dull, the dorsal area of posterior abdominal segments 8 ! 8 bearing numerous flattened spines, pointing backwards, spiracles large and dark, scars of the special larval processes present, bearing short but stout curved hairs; anal armature consisting of four large, strong, scythe-shaped, spirally curved hooks ( Bacot, loc. cit. p. 205). An evidently natural genus, nearly akin to Ulrocmemis, though more specialized in the basal expansion of hindwing, loss of crests, etc.; the cf is almost always further distinguishable by the hindtibial process, the Q almost always by non-pectinate antenna. Only in the venation is there any great variation, and this (as Dr. Turner very shrewdly surmised with extremely restricted material) cannot be utilized for generic subdivision, nor even, we find, for subgeneric. In a few species (noted above) SC? of forewing arises constantly byond. SC? ( Probolosceles, Warren), but in frocumbaria, and. not improbably in bijlaga, it arises either before or beyond. In zmducíaría SC! of forewing is constantly longish-stalked with the other subcostals, but in its evidently close ally a/óicatena (the type of Comostolodes, Warren) it is about connate, in. subiyalina from the cell. Examples could be multiplied. The examined genitalia (especially Pustulata and inductaria) show close relationship. Type of the genus : Conmibaena pustulata (Hufnagel) — PAalaena fustulata, IHufnagel — Comibaena bajularia, Walker (1861). Geographical distribution of species. — Eastern Palcearctic and. Indo-Malavan, straggeling into Europe, Africa and Australia, 1. C. pustulata (Vufnagel). Central and S. Europe, Asia Phalaena pustulata, Hufnagel, Berl. Mag. Vol. 4, p. 520 (1767) 1). Minor. Phalaena Geometra bajularia [Schiffermüller], Schmett. Wien, p. 97 (1775)- Phalaena ditaria, Fabricius, Gen. Ins. p. 286 (1777). Phalaena glauca, Geoffroy, Fourcroy's Ent. Paris. p. 267 (1785). Geometia bajularia, Hübner, Samml, Eur, Schmett, Geom. t. 1, f. 3(1796?); p. 15 (1800?). Comibaena bajularia, Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett, p. 254 (18267). Cleora bajularia, Stephens, Cat. Brit. Ins. (2), p. 123 (1829). Hipparchus bajularia, Curtis, Brit. Ent. Vol. 7, p. 300 (1839). Phorodesma bajularia, Boisduval, Gen. et Ind. Meth. Eur. Lep. p. 179(1840). Phorodecsma pustulata, Lederer, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 3, p. 172 (1853). Euchloris pustulata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 95 (1892). Myrtea pustulata, Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 64, p. 479 (1895;. Comibaena pustulata, Prout, Trans. City Lond. Ent. Soc, Vol. 10, p. 6411901). 2. C. neriaria (Verrich-Scháüffer). Greece to Armenia. Geometra neriaria, Herrich-Scháfler, Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Eur. Vol, 3, t. 70. f. 429 (1848); Vol. 6, p. 62 (1852). Phorodesma. neriaria, Lederer, Verh. Zool.-bot Ges. Wien, Vol. 3. p. 172 (1853). Comuibaena neriaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus, Vol. 22, p. 56o(1861). Euchloris neriaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. l.ond. p. 05 (1892 . M yrtea neriaria, Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf, Halle, Vol. 64, p. 470 ! 1895). 3. C. induciaria ( Guenée). India to N. Queensland. Phorodesma inductaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o. p. 370 (1855). 1) This name scarcely need be considered invalidated by P/Zua/aena (.Vocéua) PuséuZata, Müller (17641. Un - 9. IO. TET 137 14. 16. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 99 Eucrostis smaragdus, Hampson, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 5, p. 110, tX9T5T fA I5I(I59I). Nemoria smaragdus, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 504 (1895). Comostolodes inductaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 309 (1896). Comostolodes smaragdus, Warren, ibidem, p. 309 (1896). GComostolodes consobrina, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 4, p. 210 (1507). . detenta (Walker). N. India, ? Philippines. Geometra detenta, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 518 (1861). Geometra dissessa, Walker, ibidem, p. 521 (1861). Geometra dentata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 636 (1867). Nemoria detenta, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 503 (1895;. Probolosceles detenta, Waxren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 368 (1897). Probolosceles dissessa, Warren, ibidem, p. 368 (1897). . biplaga, Walker. Borneo. Comibaena biplaga, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 577 (1861. Probolosceles biplaga, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 368 (1896. . leucospilata (Walker). Cape to British E. Africa. Geometya leucospilata, Walker, List Lep Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1554 (1862). Racheospila coryphata, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127, f. 10 (1875) (nov. syn.). Probolosceles leucospilata, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 550 (1904). . chalybeala, Moore. N. India. Conuübaena chalybeata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 639 (1867). Geometra chalybeata, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 496 (1896). Uliocnemis chalybeata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6. p. 29 (1899). . procumbaria ( Pryer). China to Japan. Euchloris procumbaria, Pryer, Cist. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 232, t. 4, f. 2 (1877). Comibaena vaga, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 410 (1881). . pictipennis, Butler. N. India. Comibaena pictipennis, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 6, p. 215 (1880); Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 6, p. 72, t. 117, f. 12 (1886). Geometra pictipennis, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 496 (1895). . amoenaria (Oberthür). Amur to Corea. Phorodesma amoenaria, Oberthür, Etud. Ent. Fasc. 5, p. 48,t. 9, f. 4 (1880). Uliocuemis amoenaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 392 (1897). Euchloris amoenaria, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 3), p. 262 (1oor). . leucochloraria ( Mabille). Madagascar. Phorodesma leucochloraría, Mabille, C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg.Vol. 23, p.22 (1880. . cheramota ( Meyrick). Fin. Iodis cheramota, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 203 (1886). Iodis cherometa, Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 227 (1888). Iodis checometa, Druce, ibidem, p. 577 (1888). . mariae (Lucas). Queensland, New Guinea. Iodis mariae, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 3, p. 1260 (1888). Probolosceles albipunctata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 15 (1898). Pyrobolosceles connata, Warren, ibidem, p. 15 (1898). Probolosceles mariae, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 672 (1902). Comibaena maríae, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 5ot1 1910j. . lenuisaria (Graeser). E. Siberia, Phorodesma lenuisaria, Graeser, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 32, p. 385 (1889); Staudinger, Iris, Vol. 10, p. 7, t. 1, f. 1 (1897). Euchloris tenuisaria, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 3), p. 262 (1901). . quadrinotata, Butler. N. India. Comibaena quadrinotata, Butler, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 7. p. 107. t. 136, f. 7 (1889). Nemoria quadrinotata, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 503 (1895). . lancrei (Graeser). Amur. Phorodesma taucrei, Graeser, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 33, p. 264 (1890); Staudinger, Iris. Vol. 10, p. 8, t. z, f. 2 (1897). Euchloris taucret, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 3), p. 262 (1901. jo LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 17. C. tntegranota, Hampson. Ceylon, Nilgiris. Comibaena integranota, Hampson, Ill. Het. Coll, Brit. Mus. Vol. o, p. 146, t. 170, f. 13 (1893). Eucrostes integranota, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 177 (1894). N'emoria integranota, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3. p. 504 (1895;. Probolosceles integranota, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 368 (1896). 18. C. albimarginata (Warren). N. India. Uliocnemis albimarginata, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 355 (1893). 19 C. delineata (Warren). N. India to Tibet. Utiocuemis delineata, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p.356, t. 31, f. 14 (1893). Geometra delineata, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 407 (1895). 20. C. diluta (Warren). Japan. Colutoceras diluta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 88 (1895). 21. C. tenera (Warren). Assam. Chlorochromodes tenera, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 103 (1896). Euchloris tenera, Hampson, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 12, p. 90 (1898). 22. C. albicatena (Warren). — PI. 8, Fig. 8. Assam. Comostolodes albicatena, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 309 (1896). Euchloris dispansa (part.), Hampson, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol.12, p- 90 (1898) (nec Walker). 23. C. atlenuata (Warren). Borneo to Burma. Probolosceles attenuata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 369 (1896). ? Comibaena biplaga var., Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 557 (1861) (nec typus). ' Nemoria integranota (part.», Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 504 (1895) (nec typus). 24. C. fallidicincía (Warren). W. Java, ? Talaut. Probolosceles pallidicincta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4. p. 213 (1897). ? Probolosceles quadrinotata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 73. (1597) inec Butler). 25. C. argenlataria (Leech). China, Japan, Corea. Euchloris argentataria, Leech, Ann. Maz. Nat. Hist.(6), Vol. 20, p.237 (1897). 26. C. nigromacularia (Leech). China, S. E. Siberia, Japan. Uliocnemis albimarginata (part.), Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p- 489 (1895) (nec Warren). Euchloris nigromacularia, Leech, Ann. Mag.Nat.Hist.(6), Vol.20, p.237 1897). Uliocnemis delicatior, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 391 (1897) (nov. syn.). 27. C. ornalaria ( Leech). W. China. Euchloris ornataria, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6). Vol. 20, p. 238 (1897). 28. C. obsolelaria ( Leech). Japan, Euchloris obsoletaria, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 238 (1597). 29. C. striataria (Leech). W. China. Euchloris striataria, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 239 (1897). 3o. C. Pulchra (Staudinger). Palestine. Phorodesma pulchra, Staudinger, Iris, Vol. 10, p. 302, t. 4, f. 27 (1897). Euchloris pulchra, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 3), p. 262 (1901). 31. C. flavitaenta (Warren). Nigeria. CEnospila flavitaenia, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 13 (1898). 32. C. esmeralda (Warren). Nigeria. Probolosceles (?) esmeralda, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 15 (1895). 33. C. subhyalina (Warren). N. India. Comibaena inductarta, Butler, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 7, p. 22 (1889 nec Guenée). Euchloris inductaria, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3. p. 499 (1895. Comostolodes subhyalina, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 22 (1899). 1 34. C. punctaria (Swinhoe). Madagascar. Probolosceles punctaria, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 550 (1904). 35. C. wiridifimbria (Warren). British New Guinea. Comostolodes viridifimbria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 87 (1906). FAM. GEOMETRIDZE IOI 36. C. biviaria. Hampson. Ruwenzori. Comibaena biviaria, Hampson, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. Vol. ro (2). p. 126, t. 4, f. 60 (1909). 37. C. latilinea, nov. sp. 1), rout, W. China. Euchloris chlorophyllaria, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 239 (1597) (nec Hedemann). 38. C. apicipicta, nov. sp. 2), Prout. "Tibet. 39. C. fuscidorsata, nov. sp. 3), l'iout. Assam, ? Cevlon. Norr. — Comubaena reflexaria, Walker, List. Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 20, p. 1565, C. ferlepidata, Walker, ibidem, and C. scriptz/asciata, Walker, ibidem, p. 1567, do not belong to this subfamilv, but to the genus Zamarada. C. gavisata, Walker 1s a Plutodes, as shown by Hampson. C. Ayalinata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 638, and C. fenestraríia, Moore, ibidem, p. 639, are not even Geometrid, but Drepanid. Phorodesma eogenarta, Snellen, Tydschr. v. Ent. Vol. 24, p. 78, is another Zamarada. 69. GENUS CHLOROCHZAETA, WARREN Chlorochaeta. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1r, p. 464 (1904). Characters. — lace smooth. Palpus in cf moderate, rather rough-scaled, third. joint rather small. Tongue weak. Antenna in cf bipectinate with moderately long branches (apices broken). Pectus and femora hairy. Hindtibia slightly dilated, with hair-pencil and short terminal process, four rather stout spurs. Abdomen very slightly crested. Frenulum slender, from before basal expansion. Forewing rather broad, with costa straight, curved distally, apex moderately rounded, termen smooth, oblique, little curved, cell short, DC incurved, SC! free, from close to SC??, SC? normal (only just before SC»), R! very shortly stalked, M! approximated to R?; hindwing with apex moderate, termen slightly curved, tornus produced but not acute, inner margin verv long, cell short, DC somewhat curved, C approx- imated to cell for some distance near base, then moderately divergent, SC? short-stalked, R? normal, M! short-stalked. Early stages unknown. 1| Comibaena latilinea, nov. sp. — ;, 2; mm. Green, of about the colour of oósoZe£aria, Leech (faded), with two broad, straight white lines, the antemedian from costa at one-third to inner margin at nearly one-half, thickening at inner margin, the postmedian from costa at three fourths to inner margin at beyond three-fourths; discal dot small, reddish-black ; termen waved, terminal line dark red, connected at the vein-ends with red spots in the fringe in such a way as to suggest a more strongly crenulats margin; fringe otherwise white. Hindwing without the white lines; terminal line and fringe as in forewing. Underside of forewing with costa broadly shaded with reddish, discs! spot much larger than above, redder, postmedian line present, diffuse ; of hindwing unmarked ; both wings with terminal line and fringe as above. l'u-tsu-Fong, W. China, 9820 feet, June to July, 1800. Type (ex coll. Leech) in coll. Brit. Mus, Unfortunately the specimen is in poor condition, the face being abraded, abdomen discoloured, hindlegs lost; but it is certainly a typical Cozizbaeza, and easily recognizable by the characters here given. 1n the forewing SC! arises from the cell and anastomoses shortly with C, SC? arises before SC5, R! is separate; in the hindwing M! is approximated to R?. 2) Comibeena apicipicta, nov. Sp. — 7,28 mm. Face reddish above, white beneath. Palpus whitish, marked with fuscous. Vertex whitish, occiput green. Thorax and basal part of abdomen green above, white beneath, end of abdomen wholly white. lF'orefemur and foretibia heavily spotted with dark fuscous; hindtibia not dilated, withont process. Wings of the same green as in de/ineaéa, Warren, and similarly strigulated with silvery ; wholly without lines; forewing with minute black discal dot and dull reddish terminal line, fringe yellowish green; hindwing with the discal spot some- times larger (more elongate), terminal line as in forewing, but here marked with a black line at apex, a thicker one between SC? and R! and a short, weak one between R* and R?, the miad]e line accompanied proximally by a small, bright pink blotch. Underside nearly white, tinged with green in fore- wing: discal dots present, forewing with terminalline as above. hindwing with it much weaker (obsolescent), the three black lines remaining, but the pink blotch entirely wanting. Yatung, libet (A. E. Hobson). Type and two co-types in coll. Brit. Mus. Manifestly related to deZizea£a, Warren, but slightly smaller and of more absolutely typical Comraeza-shape, the forewing being less produced at apex and the hindwing attornus. ]n the forewing SC! is connate (two specimens) or just separate (one), in the last-named anastomosing with C ; R' is longish-stalked, SC? very long-stalked, arising much beyond SC*. 3) Comibaena fuscidorsata, nov. sp. — d. 26-28 mm. Like inZegrazota, Hampson, except in its larger size and in the foliowing points: Base of abdomen with large fuscous dorsal blotch; underside of hindwing with large dark apical blotch and with a distinct green postdiscal transverse line as in forewing; forewing with SC! free or connate (stalked — usually long-stalked — in zzegranoía), SC? arising before SC? (usually after SC* in /zegranota). Khásis (type) and Maskeliya, Ceylon (? sp. div.) in coll. Brit. Mus. The great variability of z»fegrazofa prevents our adding several other points of differentiation which are nevertheless geexa//y applicable. The fuscous blotches on both wings are large and dark, of a size and tone which would represent the absolute »zaxzpu«em (if not beyond it) in /zZegranofa ; there is also sometimes a. small tornal blotch to hindwing which we have never seen in znfegranoía. The base of antennal shaft is not green, nor is there any green admixture in the palpus. The termen of forewing is slightly straighter than is normal in zz£egranofa. Hindtibial process as long as in zsfegranofa, but as it is shorter in the Ceylon example (though slightly damaged , that possibly represents still another species 102 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Only the single specimen is known. but it secms very probable that the venus is a rather specialized relative of Comibaena; the peculiar shape of the hindwing (strongly elongate to tornus) is distinctive, though there are other subordinate characters. Type of the genus : Chlorochaeta longtifennis, Warren (1004). Geographical distribution of species. — VW. Africa. I. C. longipennis, Warren. Niger. Chlorochaeta longipennis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 464 (1004 . 7O. GENUS RACHEOSPILA, GuUENÉE Racheospila. Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 372 (1858); Hulst, Trans. Xmer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p- 314 (1896). Blechroma. Moschler, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 31r, p. 403 (1581). Miantonota. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 89 (1895) (gen. calebs); Vol. 4, p. 425 (1897). Lissochlora. Warren, ibidem, Vol. 7, p 134 (1900). Characters. — lace smooth. Palpus with second joint usually rather long, more or less strongly rough-scaled above and beneath, third joint smooth, in c quite small to moderate, sometimes deflexed as in Comibaena, in Q long to very long (moderate in a few species only). Tongue present. Antenna moderate (rather long in some, at least, of the erixa- group), in cf bipectinate with short to moderate (in Section II longer) branches, apex nearlv simple; in Q nearly simple (in Section III shortly bipectinate). Pectus hairy. Femora glabrous 1). Hindtibia in cf nearly always dilated with hair-pencil, with rare exceptions also with well-developed terminal process. Abdomen not or scarcely. crested, but very often ornamented with discolorous spots, which (especially in Section II) are frequently somewhat embossed and occasionally somewhat erected posteriorlv as diminutive crests. Wing-scaling not very dense, but not translucent. Frenulum in cf not verv strongly developed, arising from before basal expansion, in Q consisting of a moderately strong tuft of hairs. Forewing with costa nearly straight or slightly arched, apex moderate to rather acute, termen straight or slightly curved, moderately oblique, tornus usually rather pronounced, cell less than one-half, DC curved, SC! from cell, free or anast- omosing with C, SC? normal (except in »/mo), scarcely ever anastomosing with SC!, R! short-stalked, connate or separate, M! connate or separate, rarely short-stalked; hindwing with costa not long, apex moderate, termen convex, either quite smooth or gently waved, frequently slightly prominent at R? (in this case sometimes nearly straight on either side of the prominence), but never with sharp angle or tail, tornus pronounced, cell more or less short, DC incurved, C approximated to cell for a short or quite moderate distance near base (in Section II usually anastomosing at a point or verv shortly). SC? stalked, M! stalked, connate or separate (Pl. 2, Fig. 13). Lanva. — Mostly unknown. That of sie/laria (which may be taken as representative of Section II) has the head rounded, slightly retracted, luteous with dense white granules; body green, with dense, secondary, pointed white granules ; angular subventral projections on abdominal segments 2 to 6, bearing tubercles IV and V; tubercle IV large. a long cone with manvw little spines to which various objects adhere; tubercles I to III small, V larger, VI and VII small ; the large tubercles are IV of abdominal segments 3 to 6, and III of segment 2, as is normal in the group. On flower-heads of Laníana camara (Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. Vol. 4, p. 457). The larve of raórifrontaria (Packard, Mon. Geom. U. S. A. 1] We have onlv observed some hairiness on tlie middle- and hindfemora of farczfuncéa. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE ) 103 p. 387) and raubrolinearia ( Hulst, Ent. Amer. Vol. 3. p. 72) have probably much in common with this, but are (like the imagines) transitional towards Nemoria (Aplodes). Pupa. — Scarcely described. That of rubrifrontaria green, profusely dark dotted and wil; black dorsal band, last segment hoof-shaped, with two reddish hooks (Packard, loc. cit. p. 387). A large genus, akin to Comibaena, but differing in the well-developed 9 frenulum. The retention of this side by side with an advance in the cf structure is, as we pointed out in our Introduction, characteristic of certain American genera, which we here place together. Section | differs further from Comibaena in the usually quite short antennal pectinations, and in the more variable palpus; Section II in the frequent brief anastomosis of vein C of the hindwing with the cell. We have made various attempts to divide the genus into two or more on some reliable structural characters, but have found it impracticable; it is even doubtful whether Nemoria (Aflodes, auctt.) as at present understood can be sharply differentiated from it, but as the last-named conception has had such very general currency, and the 9 palpus of Nemoría is so widely difterent from that which is usual in Rac/eospila, we have let it stand. We recognize in RacAeospila three Sections, of which the second could easily have been made a genus had the anastomosis of C of the hindwing with the cell not here proved inconstant. In Section I there is a good deal of diversity of facies, and this is i» far! correlated with recognizable differences of structure, so that we have thought it worth while to place the species roughly in groups. It is curious that the two or three species found in the United States have the Q palpus less differentiated from Nemoria than the vast majority, at least, of these from Central- and South America. The /ixaria-group, then, has the third joint of the palpus in Q moderate or longish, never very long, M! of hindwing stalked, dorsal ornamentation usually white, surrounded with red; the a/bociliaría-group, M! well separate 1), dorsal ornamentation as in the preceding; the d/arifa-group, M! about connate, dorsal ornamentation variable, rarely very conspicuous; the iniegra-group, M! stalked, dorsal ornamentation commonly con- sisting of fuscous blotches; the eria-group, nearly as preceding, but larger moths, with longer antennz, the wings more rounded and nearly always more or less marked with fuscous; the conspersa-group 2), with wings ,also tolerably rounded, heavily marked with fuscous, M! separate, 5C! of forewing free ; the rufibicta-group, near preceding but more slender and glossy, SC! of forewing anastomosing with € ; the venilineata-group. (gen. div.?), with SC? of forewing anastomosing strongly with SC!, M! of both wings widely separate ; the /a/ayaría.group, with dorsal ornamentation as in Section II, palpus even more densely rough-haired than in that, M! connate or just separate, antennal pectinations short, C of hindwing not anastomosing with cell. Type of the genus : A'acheospila lixaria, Guenée (1896). Geographical distribution of specles. — Neotropical; a few species Nearctic. SEgcTION I. — Hindwing with C never anastomosing, M! varying according to the group, abdomen very rarely with embossed spots, antenna in C with short or quite moderate pectinations, in 9 not pectinate. a) The lixaria-group (ARacheospila, sens. str.). I. R. lixaria, Guenée. Florida, ? Arizona. Racheospila lixaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép Vol. o, p. 374 (1858). i ] p. 274 1) The general constancy of M! of the hindwing in the various groups of this genus suggests the hope that possibly some use make ultimately be made of it in taxonomy. Our studies of the Old- World fauna had resulted in our so largely distrusting it that it was not until a late stage of our revision that we realized its apparent utility; consequently we have not even noted its position in some of the species which we studied carlier, and one or two of our placings may need modification. 2) We might pretty safely have called this the exerta£a.group, but are unacquainted with Moschler's species in nature. I04 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Geometra iuclusaría, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 508 (1861). * Racheospila inclusaria. Dyar, The Canad. Entom. Vol. 40, p. 171 (1008). ? Rackeospela texaria, Pearsall. Science Bull. Brooklyn Inst. Mus. Vol. 1 (8). P- 4 (1996;. 2. R. exiremaria, Walker. Eastern N, America. Racheospila (2?) extremaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22. P- 584 (1861). Aplodes rubromarginaria, Packard, Mon. Geom. U. S. A. p. 389. t. 13, f. 44 (1876). Anaplodes rubromarginaria, Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 32, p. 3o2 (19021. ' ? Racheospila lixaria, Dyar. The Canad. Entom. Vol. 40, p. 171 (1008) (vix - Guenée;. 3. R. rubrolinearia (Packard). Eastern U. S. A. Aplodes rubrolinearia, Packard, Rep. Peab. Acad. Sc. Vol. 5, P- 74/1873). Synchlora rubrolinearia, Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf, Halle. Vol. 64, p. 498 (1895 . 4. R. rubrifroniaría, Packard. Racheospila rubrifrontaria, Packard, Rep. Peab. Acad. Sc. Vol. 5, p. 76 (1873). Aplodes rubrifrontaria. Packard, Mon. Geom. U.S.A. p. 386, t. 10, f. 87 (1876). Aplodes packardaria, Grote, New Check List N. Amer. Moths, p. 46 11882). 5. R. calachloa (Hulst) (huj. gen. ?). Florida. Aplodes catachloa, Hulst, The Canad. Entom. Vol. 3o, p. 160 (1898. Eastern N. America. 5) The albociliaria-zroup. 6. R. albociliaria (Herrich-Scháffer). Panama and Peru to Rio. Geometra albociliaria, Herrich-Scháffer. Samml. Aussereur, Schmett. Vol. 1. t. 61, f. 344 (1855); p. 62, 82 (1856;. Racheospila albociliaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o, p. 373 (1858). Racheospila purpureotincta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 138 (1900) (nov. syn.) 1). Racheospila purpureoviridis, Warren, ibidem. Vol. 11, p. 26 (1904. Racheospila molliculata, Warren, ibidem, p. 26 (1904) (nov. syn.). 7. R. roseilinearia, Dognin. Ecuador. Racheospila roseilinearia, Dognin, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 14, p- 206 (1892). 8. R. acora (Dognin) 2). | Ecuador. Geomeira acora, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 42. p. 215 (1898). 9. R. licada ( Dognin). Ecuador. G«ometra licada, Dogmin, Ann. Soc. Ent, Belg. Vol. 42, p. 215 (1898). Io. Fc. calida ( Dognin). Ecuador. Geometra calida, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 42, p. 216 (1898). II. R. jenna, Dognin. Ecuador. Racheospila jenna, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 42, p. 216 (1898. 12. KR. alboseriata, Warren. Mexico, Veftezuela, Colom- Racheospila alboseriata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7. p. 138 (1000). bia. 13. R. rufigultala, Warren. Venezuela. Racleospila rufigultata, Warren, Novit. Zool. p. 139 (1900;. 14. R. dtaphana, Warren. Peru. Racheospila diaphana, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 450 (1901;. 15. R. vinocincía, Warren. Racheospila vinocincta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 450 (1901). Panama. 1) Leucorachis purpureotincta, Warren, MS., in Mus. Tring. In case our groups sbould require naming, we would propose to adopt Leucorachis for the present group; Warren (MS.! has also applied it to ae/ifinea, Parvipuncta, remota and rwfigutfata, of which dentilinea, remota and probably $arvigurcts are alien to the group. 2) For the placing of this and the two following, as weli as some other rare species in coll. Dognin, we are indebted to the author himself (in litt.). FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 105 16. R. albilineata (Warren) (hic ponenda 7) Peru. Lissochlora albilineata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 7o (1909). 17. R. plenifimbria, Dognin. W. Colombia. Racheospila plenifimbria, Dognin, Hét. Nouv. Amér. Sud (1), p. 20 (1910). 18. R. inconspicua, Bastelberger. W. Colombia. Racheospila inconspicua, Bastelberger, Intern. Ent. Zeit. Guben, Vol, 5. p. 94 (1011). c) The diarita-group (Lissochlora, Warren). r9. R. bryata (Felder) (hic ponenda ?). Colombia. Nemoria bryata, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127. f. 12 (1875). 20. R. delicataria (Móschler). Surinam. N'emoria delicataria, Móschler, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 3r, p. 402. t. 17, f. 9g (1881). 21. Re. mollissima (Dognin). Ecuador. Nemoria mollissima, Dognin, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 14, p. 186 (1892). Microloxia inollissima, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 135 (1900) . R. flavifimbria (Warren). Colombia. Aplodes flavifimbria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 423 (1897). Lissochlora flavifimbria, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 7, p. 135 (1900). l2 l2 23. R. liriaia (Dognin). Ecuador to Colombia. Geometra liriata, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 42, p. 213 (1898). 24. R. latuta (Dognin). Ecuador. Geometra latuta, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 42, p. 213 (1898). 25. R. diarita (Dognin). Ecuador, Peru, N. Argen- Geometra diarita, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 42, p. 214 (1598). tina. 26. R. iguala (Dognin). Ecuador. Geometra iguala, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 42, p. 214 (1898). 27. R. fasama (Dognin). Ecuador. Geometra pasama, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 42, p. 214 (1898). 28. R. parvipuncia, Narren. British Guiana. Racheospila parvipuncta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 138 (1900;. 29. R. nigricornis (Warren). Peru. Lissochlora (?) nigricornis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 204 (1907). 3o. R. sanguinipunctata (Dognin) (huj. gen. ?). Argentina. Lissochlora sanguinifunctata, Dognin,. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 50, p. 204 i 1906). 31. R. minor (Warren) (gen. div. ?) 1). Peru. Melochlora minor, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 205 (1907). 32. R. marcida (Warren) (hic ponenda ?). Upper Amazon. Lissochlora (2) marcida, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 79 (1909). 33. I. viridifimbria (Dognin). Columbia. Lissochlora viridifimbria, Dognin, Mém.Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 18. p 161 (1011). 34. R. ella, nov. sp. »), Prout. Colombia. 1) Somewhat erratic in shape, 3 palpus quite short and slender (2 unknown), pectinations very short, SC? of forewing stalked beyond SC*. Might form a new genus. 2) Racheospila ella, nov. sp. — 3, 2; mm. Head and face green, a narrow white band at lower edge of face, a broad white band between antennz. Palpus pale green, narrowly white beneath, third joint moderate, exposed. Antennal shaft white at base, ochreous distally, pectinations short. Thorax and abdomen green above, the latter narrowly belted with white at the extremity of the segments. Forewing broad, costa slightly arched, apex rather acute, termen straight, tornus pronounced ; bright green, costal edge narrowly white; lines white, the antemedian Írom costa at one-fourth to inner margin at one-third, very slightly sinuous, and slightly outangled on M, the postmedian from costa at two-thirds to inner margin at about three-fifths, somewhat incurved in posterior part, lunulate-dentate, the teeth pointing distad ; cell-spot rather large, reddish black; terminal line white; fringe pale green (somewhat defective). Hindwing similar, the antemedian line distinct, strongly curved; termen very slightly bulged in middle, but with no appre- ciable elbow. Underside paler, unmarked. Torné, Colombia, August, rooz. Type in coll. L. B. Prout. In many respects similar to viridifimbría, but larger, quite differently shaped, terminal liie whiter, the characteristic markings of underside wanting. The structure is normal, SC! of forewing free, R! separate, M! separate, M! of hindwing connate : hindtibial process about one-third length of tarsus. 106 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 35. R. eugethes, nov. sp. 1). Prout. NOESPeru: 36. R. cecilia, nov. sp. 2), Prout. E. Peru. d) The zntegra-group (Mrantonota, Warren). 37. R. pacificaria, Móschler. Panama to Guianas. Racheospila pacifiaria, Móschler, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 3r, P. 493, t. 17, f. 13 (1881). 38, R. carbina (Druce) (hic ponenda ?). Mexico? Geometra carbina, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2. p. 84. t. 49. f. 8 (1892). Racheospila carbina, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7. p. 138 (1900). 39. R. integra (Warren). Mexico to Brazil. Miantonota integra, Narren, Novit. Zool. (Vol. 2, p. 90, nom. nud.), Vol. 4. p. 425 (1807). 40. Re. dentilinea, Warren. "Trinidad to Brazil and Racheospila dentilinea, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4. p. 430 (1597). N. Argentina. GEnospila tenuilinea, Kaye, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 147, t. 6, f. 16 (1901) (nov. syn.). M iantonota dentilinea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16. p. 81 (1909). 41. R. xalirta (Dognin). Ecuador, Guianas. Geometra xaliria, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 42. p. 212 (1895 . Miantonota xaliria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 206 (1907). ao. tutala (Dognin). Panama, Ecuador. Geometra lutala, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 42, p. 213 (1898). 43. R. incognita (Warren) (hic ponenda?). Loc. ignot. Lissochlora incognita, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7. p. 135 (1900) 3). 44. R. remota, Warren. | Costa Rica. Racheospila remota, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 139 (1900. Miantonota remota, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 8, p. 447 (1901 . 45. R. viridicincta, Schaus. S. E. Brazil. Racheospila viridicincta, Schaus, 'Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 27. p. 252 (1901). 46. R. gortaria, Schaus. S. E. Brazil. Racheospila gortaria, Schaus, '' rans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 27, p. 252 (1901). 47. R. cosmeta, nov. nom., Prout. Mexico. M iantonota decorata, Warren. Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 22 (1904) (nec RacAteo- spila decorata, Warren, 1901). 1) Racheospila eugethes, nov. sp. — C. 3o mm. Face green, palpus whitish green, terminal joint small, marked with red-brown., Antennal shaft white basally, ochreous distally, pectinations short. Vertex white, occiput green, a bar of crimson separating the two colours, Thorax and part of abdomen green above, whitish beneath ; second abdominal segment with a large, pure white dorsal spot, broadly margined with crimson, except poster- iorly ; dorsum of fourth to sixth abdominals duller crimson, enclosing a white spot on each segment. Forewing with costa slighty arched posteriorly, apex moderate, termen almost straight, only very slightly curved near apex; costa ochreous tinged with crimson, more strongly so near base, extreme edge snow-white throughout ; lines white, consisting of rather large, isolated vein-dots, antemedian from costa at about one-fifth, obl:queoutwards to M, where the dot is quite near the base of M?, thence less oblique, the postmedian only distinct from R! (where the dot stands at nearly 3 mm. from termen), scarcely perceptibly curved to M!, then strongly inbent, tle dots at M?, SM* and SM? standing at 4 mm. from termen ; discal dot reddish black, rather large : terminal line bright crimson proximally, very norrowly white distally, the crimson thickemng slightly at the vein-ends, so as to encroach on the white Hindwing similar excepting the costa, the antemedian line as distinct as the postmedian; termen gently rounded. Underside paler, costa of forewing more crimson-tinged, base more broadly crimson, cell-spots present, less prominent than above, crimson terminal line more slender, a good deal inter- rupted posteriorly on forewing, on hindwing only present from apex to R!. Huancabamba, Cerro del Pasco, E. Peru. Type in coll, L. B. Prout. Differs structurally from Ziriaza, Dognin, with the tyre of which we have compared it, in the shorter palpus, Venation as in preceding species, except that R' is connate ; hindlegs lost. 2) Racheospila cecilia, nov. sp. CO,20 mm. Head and antenna quite as in precedirg species, palpus marked with fuscous on outer side as well as on terminal joint, terminal joint longer. Abdomen dorsally green, apparently quite without ornamentation (discoloured). Forewing with costa straight in proximal hall, slightly curved in distal, apex rather acute, termen very straight, tornus pronounced ; green with costal edge nearly as in the preceding species, but narrower, vein SC being nearer to the costa; lines white, not very intense, the antemedian from costa at one-fourth to inner margin at one third, slightly sinuous, weakly angled on M and oblique towards inner margin, the postmedian at just over 3 mm. from termen, parallel therewith from inner margin to R!, very slightly receding from it costad, nearly straight, minutely denticulate on the veins; discal dot almost entirely wanting, an excessively minute dark reddish dot being perceptible on close scrutiny; terminal line nearly as in the preceding species, but with the red finer, interrupted by white at the vein-ends; fringe pale yellow. Hindwing with the antemedian | ne strongly curved, the postmedian ap, roximately parallel to termcen, except about R? and M! where it makes a strong curve distad ; discal spot entirely wanting ; terminal line and fringe as in forewing; termen not appreciably bent in middle. Underside paler, the crimson of costa replaced by smoky. which is thickened at base and gradually narrows; no other markings, excepiiny some interrupted traces of a dark terminal line; fringes paler than above. Cushi, E. Peru, r520 m. Type in coll. L. B. Prout. Venation as in the preceding species, Hindtibia without the usual dilation and process. 3) Gznospila incogiita on type label. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 107 48. R. nigrisquama (Dognin). SB BPenu. M iantonota ntgrisquama, Dognin, Ann.Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 48, p. 110 1904). 49. Rt. rectilimea (Warren). Cuba. M iantonota rectilinea. Warren, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 30, p. 420 (1906). 5o. R. imitans (Warren). Peru, Colombia. M iantonota imitans, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 206 (1907). M iantonota imittans ab. versiplaga, Dognin. Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 18, p. 161 (19rr1) (ab.). 51. FR. sellata (Warren). Peru. M iantonota sellata, Naxren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 206 (1907). 52. R.. consimilis (Warren). Peru. M iantonota consimilis, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16. p. 81 (1909). 53. R. fontalis; Warren. Upper Amazon. Racheospila fontalis, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 86 (1909). 54. R. haematospila, nov. sp. 1), Prout, Brazil. e) The erina-group. 55. R. erina (Dognin). 5. America. Achlora erina, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 40, p. 143 (1896). Rhodochlora erina ab. bipunctata, Dognin, ibidem, Vol. 52, p. 17(1908) (ab.). M iantonota erina ab. disjuncta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 81 (1909 (ab ). Geometra apiciata, Schaus, MS. (in coll. E, D. Jones). 56. R. discipuncta (Warren). Bolivia. Ithodochlora discipbunctu, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p- 140 (1900). 57. R. Punctilinea (Dognin). Venezuela. : M iantonota punctilinea, Dognin, Ann, Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 46, p. 337 (1902). 58. R. parcipuncta (Dognin). French Guiana, Brazil. Blechroma parcipuncta, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 52, p- 264 (1908. : 59. R. unipunctata, nov. sp. 2), Prout. S. Brazil. f) The consPersa-group. (Blechroma, Móschler). 60. R. exertata (Móschler). Surinam. Blechroma exertata, Móschler, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 3r. p- 4094, DOUTTSP f EXHI SS E 1) Racheospila heematospila, nov. sp. — 3, 3: mm. Face green, very narrowly white-edjed below, Palpus partly green, whitish on inner side and beneath, terminal joint small, ochreous. Vertex white, occiput green, a bright crimson line separating the two colours. Antennal shaft white basally, ochreous distally, pectinations ochreous, very short. Thorax and abdomen green above, the latter marked with three large crimson spots. Forewing with costa nearly straight, becoming gently curved distally, apex rather pronounced, termen straight; bright green, with the costal edge white nearly to apex, separated from the ground-colour by a narrow siiade, which is reddish at base but becomes ochreous; lines whitish, faint, the antemedian Irom beneath costa before one-fourth, curved and oblique, the postmedian from beneath costa at two-thirds, parallel with termen, denticulate on the veins ; discal spot rather small, crimson ; terminal line crimson, interrupted by white dots at the vein-ends and followed by a white lime at base of fringe, the crimson line continued round apex and along costa for about 1 mm. ; fringe interruptedly pink (most strongly so opposite vein ends) proximally, yel- lowish distally. Hindwing with the same markings, excepting the costal ; postmedian line bent on R3, cell-spot more elongate than in forewing ; termen gently rounded, not apyreciably elbowed at R?. Underside paler greeu, with costa of forewing light pinkish ochreous; discal spot present on forewing, obso'ete on hind, lines wanting, terminal line and fringe as above. Preto, Brazil. Type in coll. L. I5. Prout. A pretty species, readily recognizable by the crimson abdominal spots. The hindleg is dilated with hair-pencil, but the terminal process is virtually wanting, there being only the slightest possible extension of the tibial sheath, SC! of the forewing is free, R! connale, M! separate. 2) Racheospila unipunctata (Staudinger & Bang. Haas, MS.), nov. sp. — ;/, 34 mm. Faee aud antennal shaft reddish. Vertex and occiput green. Palpus white on inner sideand beneath, first and second joints fuscous on outside; terminal joint very small, white marked with fuscous. Antennal pectinations very short. l'horax and abdomen green above, the latter becoming whitisli at anus. Pectus, underside of abdomen, and legs white, forefemur with a large black spot at extremity, foretibia largely fuscous, the hair-tuft wholly so; hindtibia with terminal process fully one-third length of tarsus, Forewing broad, costa arched, strongly soat apex, apex bluntly squared, termen very slightly rounded; green, with small, reddish black cell-spot; the lines composed of small vein-dots, mostly paired, one snow-white, the other dark grey or blackish, the white ones placed proximad in the antemedian lime, distad in the postmedian ; the white dots are part!y or wholly obsolete in the costal half of the wing, leaving only the dark ones distinct; antemedian line strongly curved, postmedian with the dot on SC*5 removed only 2 mm. írom termen, minute, tlie next two progressively receding from termen, the next twoalmost in aligament with that on R?, the remaing two (there is none on submedian fold) ajain very slightly receding ; terminal line very faintly paler than wing, fringe concolorous, with a dark reddish mark at end of SC. Hindwing with inner inargin less long than in the allies, cell-spot minute, almost obsolete, lines with the white dots not obsolete costally, postmedian formed nearly as in forewing, bnt with the dot on R? more definitely proximad, suggesting a marked incurve of tlie line distally to the cell. Underside paler green, lines absent, discal dot present on forewing only, reddish mark on Íringe at end of SC! as above. Rio Grande do Sul (probably Porto Alegre), received through the firm of Staudinger & Bang-Haas. Type in coll. L. b. Prout. Perhaps nearest to discibuncta, the !ype of. which is extremely wasted, but apparently has even lexss markings than tlie new species. SC! is free, R! about connate, M! just separate, the stalking. of M! of hindwing rather short i 108 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 61. R. aturia (Druce). Mexico to Panama. Geometra aturia, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. 84. t. 49, f. 9 (1892). j Racheospila albociliaria, Druce, ibidem, p. 89 (1892) (nec Herrich-Scháffer) (nov. syn.). 62. R. puntillada, Dognin. Ecuador, Peru. Racheospila puntillada, Dognin, Ann Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 37, p. 8r (1893). DBlechroma nigricincta, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 503(1904; nov. syn.). 63. R. hena, Dognin (hic ponenda ?). Ecuador. Racheospila Aena, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 42, p. 217 (1508). 64. R. conflua (Warren). Peru. Blechroma conflua, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 502 (1904). 65. R. conspersa (Warren). Peru, Bolivia. Blechroma conspersa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 5o2 (1904). 66. R. torsilinea (Warren) (hic ponenda ?). Paraguay. Mixocera torsilinca, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. 44 (1905). 67. R. oppleta (N'arren). Peru. Blechroma oppleta, Warren, Novit. Zool, Vol. 14. p. 201 (1907). 68. R. magnidiscata. nov. sp. 1), Prout. Guatemala, Costa Rica. Racheospila albociliaria (part.), Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer, Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. 89 (1892) (nec Herrich-Scháffer). g) Phe florifera-group. 69. R. Punctiseriata ( Dognin). Colombia. ^ Blechroma punctiseriata, Dognin, Hét. Nouv. Amér. Sud (1, p. 18 (1910). 70. R. florifera (Prout) (przc. ab. 2). Colombia. Blechroma florifera. Prout, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), Vol. 6, p. 232 (1910). 71. R. rufipiclra (Prout). — PI. 8, Fig. 7. Peru, Blechroma rufipicta, Prout, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), Vol. 6, p. 233 (1910). h) The ventlineata-2voup. 72. R. venilineata (Warren). Peru. Lissochlora venilineata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r4, p. 205 (1907). i) The /afayaria-group. 73. R. lafayaría (Dognin). Ecuador. Conmibaena lafayaria, Dognin, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 14, p. 206 (1892). Racheospila lafavaria, Prout, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), Vol. 6, p. 238 (1010). 74. R. psillacina, Prout (prec. var. ?). — Pl. S, Fig. 6. Peru, Brazil. Racheospila psittacina, Pxout, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8). Vol, 6. p. 237 ( roro). 75. R. luteifimbria, Dognin. Colombia. Racheospila luteifnmnbria, Dognin, Ann, Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 45, p. 309 (1901). 76. R. semiornata, Warren. Panama, Colombia. Racheospila semiornata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 450 (1901). 77. R. bromontoria, Warren. Peru. Racheospila promontoria, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11. p. 26 (1904). 78. R. syncrasis, nov. nom., Prout. Peru. Racheospila conflua, Narren, Novit. Zool, Vol. 11. p. 506(1904) (nec p. 502). 1) Racheospila magnidiscata, nov. sp. — 5, 25 mm. Face, palpus above and antennal shaft reddish brown. Vertex dirty white, witl a dull reddish band behind. (Thorax and abdomen discoloured.) Hindtibia strongly dilated, terminal process short. Wings shaped and co'oured as in aluria, Druce, the markings larger and stronger, dark purplish fuscous; these consist on forewing of : the entire costal edge; a large round blotch enclosing the black cell-mark ; irregular lunular markings around this; a postmedian line consisting ofa large thick costal lunule at beyond two-thirds (reaching to R!), smaller lunules on eithez side of R? and rather nearer termen, thickened proximally, a few dark scales between R? and M', again nearer termen, a slender lunule between M! and M?, and a strongly zigzag line (considerably proximad) from M* to inner margin ; a subterminal series of vein- spots, commencing from two large, confluent ones at costa 3 mm. from apex, and ceasing at M?; a terminal series of vciu-dots. Hindwing with similar antemedian, postmedian, subterminal and terminal series, the discal mark small. Underside of forewing whitish green, the costal half more green, markings of upperside weakly reproduced : of hindwing whitish green, unmarked, only the terminal dots weakly indicated, Volcan de Atitlan, 2500-3500 feet (G. C. Champion), ex coll. Godman & Salvin. Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Costa Rica, in coll. Schaus. Distinct from a/a»za in the fuscous costa and terminal dots. 4 FAM. GEOMETRIDZE I09 79. R. fallax, Warren. Peru. Racheospila fallax, Naxren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 208 (1907). Bo. R. brunneilinea, Warren, Peru. Racheospila semiornata ab. brunneilinea, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 209 (1907). 81. R. excelsa, Dognin. Colombia. Racheospila excelsa, Dognin, Hét. Nouv. Amér. Sud, (1). p. 19 (1910). SECTION II. — Hindwing with C appressed or closely approximated, usually anastomosing at a point or very shortly (almost forming a transition to SyzcAlora), M! short-stalked (connate in dependens and fumnefacta, and possibly in one or two others), abdomen with embossed white spots or rudimentary crests, antenna in cf with long pectinations, in 9 not pectinate. 52. R. gerularia (Hübner). Southern United States and Phalaena Geometra ocellata, Stoll, Suppl. Pap. Exot. Cramer, p. 156, 154 W. Indies to Brazil. [in err. 384]. t. 34, f. 9 (1790) (nec Linné). Comibaena gerularia, Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 284 (1826?,. Phalaena ocellata, Vexloren, Cat. Ins. Lep. Crameri, p. 269 (1837). Phorodesma stollaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 370 (1858). Comibaena ocellata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p.570 (1861). Racheospila marginiplaga, Walker, ibidem, p. 583 (1861). Geometra stollaria, Herrich-Scháffer, Corr.-Blatt. Zool.-min. Ver. Regensb. Vol. 24, p. 182 (1870). Racheospila rufidorsaria, Snellen,'Tijdschr.v.Ent.Vol. 17. p. 41, t. 3, £. 4 (1874). Racheospila jucunda, Felder. Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127, f. 18 (1375). Phorodesma ocellata, Moschler, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 31, p. 402 (1881). Racheospila xysteraria, Hulst, Ent. Amer. Vol. 2, p. 121 (1886). Geomtra ocellata, Móschler, Abhandl. Senckenb. Nat. Ges. Vol. 16, p. 244(1890). Synchlora xysteraria, Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 52, p. 301 (1902). Racheospila pulchella, Waxren, MS. (in coll. Brit. Mus.). 83. R. sitellaria, Guenéc. W. Indies, Florida. Dis) 8 - 8 9o Racheospila sttellaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 374 (1858). Geometra congruata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 511 (1861). [odis iudeclararia, Nalker, ibidem, p. 541 (1861). ? Geometra. croceofimbriata, Herrich-Scháffer, Corr.-Blatt. Zool.-min. Ver. Regensb. Vol. 24, p. 182 (1870). ? Geometra attendaría, Móschler, Abhandl. Senckenb. Nat. Ges. Vol. 16, p. 243 (1890) (nov. syn.). Syuchlora louisa var. (?) Aulstiana, Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. Vol. 4, P- 437 (1901). Syuchlora hulstiana, Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 32, p. 300 (1902). . R. sigillaría, Guenée. Mexico and W. Indies to Racheospila sigtllaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 375 (1858). S. Brazil. Racheospila tenuimargo, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. 319 (1905). . R. ephippiaria (MOschler) (prac. var. ?). Jamaica. Cambogia ephippiaria, Móschler, Abhandl. Senckenb. Nat. Ges. Vol. r4 (3). p. 68 (18861. . R. expulsata (Walker). Brazil to French Guiana. Eucrostis expulsata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 566 (1861). Racheospila sigillaria ab. (?) intensa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 139 (1900). . R. leucoceraria, Snellen. Colombia. Racheospila leucoceraria, Snellen, "Tijdschr. v. Ent. Vol. 17, p. 41, t. 3, f. 3 (1874). . R. cufedinaria, Grote. Florida, Bahamas. Racheospila cupedinarta, Grote, 'he Canad. Entom, Vol. 12, p. 218 (1880). Syuchlora louisa, Hulst, ibidem, Vol. 3o, p. 159 (1898). Geometra cupedinarta, Hampson, Xnn. Mag Nat. Hist.(7), Vol.14, p.178(1904). Synchlora cupidenarta, Dyar, Proc, Ent. Soc. Wash. Vol. ro, p. 34 (1908). IIO LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA . atrapes, Druce. | Panama. Racheospila atrapes, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2. p. or. t. 5o. f. 6 (1892). 9o. R. rufilineata (Warren). Trinidad to Paraguay, Aplodes rufilineata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4. p. 423 (1807). ? Mexico. Racheospila undulosa, Kaye. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 148, t. 6, f. 23 (1901) inov, syn. B 91. R. Pomposa, Dognin. Mexico to Peru. Geometya. iuclusaria (part.], Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p- 84 (1892) (nec Walker). Racheospila pomposa, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 42, p. 217 (1898). 92. R. isolata, Warren. Grenada and St. Vincent, Eucloris ocellata (part.), Hampson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 16, ? Peru. p. 332 (1895) (nec Stoll). Racheospila isolata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 138 (1900;. [9.9] io] ES 93. R. astraeotdes, Warren. Panama to Peru. ] Racheospila astraeoides, Naxrren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 448 (1901). 94. R. bidentifera, Wavren. Colombia. Racheospila bidentifera, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 449 (1901). 95. R. decorata, Warren. Mexico to Peru. Racheospila jucunda (?;, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. 535 (1892) (nec Felder). Racheosprla decorata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 440 (1901). 96. R. dependens, Warren. Peru. Racheospila dependens, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 25 (1904). 97. R. megastigma, Warren. Costa Rica. Racheospila megastigma, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. 45 (1905;. 98. R. Pulchrifimbria, Warren (stgillaria form. ?). Surinam. K Racheospila pulchrifimbria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14. p. 209 (1907). 99. R. venustula, Dognin. Ecuador. Racheospila venustula, Dognin, Hét. Nouv. Amér, Sud (1), p. 19 ( 1910). roo. R. tume/acía, Prout. Colombia. Racheospila tumefacta, Prout, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 6, p. 236 (1910). ror. R. lesteraria (Grossbeck). Arizona. Synchlora lesteraria, Grossbeck, Journ. New York Ent. Soc. Vol. 18, p. 203 1910J. 102. R, bonhotei, nov. sp. 1), Prout. Bahamas. Geometra congruata, Hampson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), Vol. 14, p. 178 (1904) (nec Walker). SECTION III. — Antenna in 9 bipectinate. 103. R. astraea, Druce. Mexico to Colombia. Racheospila astraea, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. 90, 535, t. 5o, f. 5 (1892). 7|. GENUS NEMORIA, HÜBNER Nemoria. Hübner (Zutr. Exot. Schmett. Vol. 1, p. 25, indescr.), Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 285 (1826?) 2). Aplodes. Guenée, Spec. Gen. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 376 (1858). 1) Racheospila bonhotei, nov. sp. — O,15-1; mm. Like szgi//1ria, Guenée, but smaller, and entirely different in the ornamer- tation of the abdomen. The abdomen is green dorsally, with a narrow, bright crimson mediodorsal band, which encloses merely three very small (sometimes absolutely minute) white spots on segments 2-4. Discal dots minute, less red than in szgz//aria. Fringe rather variable, usually mostly red enclosing only restricted white dashes opposite the veins, Face crimson, with two smallor larger green spots above middle, and narrowly white below. Hindwing with C anastomosing at a point near base, divergence at first gradual. Bahamas (Andros and Nassau). 5 d in coll. Brit. Mus., all presented by J. L. Bonhote. 2) Itis very unfortunate that a change in the usage of this well-known name, and a corresponding loss of another well-known name (49/od*7;) are necessitated by the Rules of Nomenclature. The first author to select a type for JVe»ioería was Moore (Le. Cey/. Vol. 3, p. 43r, 1887), who chooses bisiriaria, the species in connection with which the name JVer»toría was first published (Zm£r. Exot. Sc/tntetf.). FAM. GEOMETRID4ZE IST Hipparchiscus. Walsh, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol. 9, p. 3oo (1864). Anaplodes. Packard, Mon. Geom. U. S. ^. p. 392 (1576). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus rather short to moderate. second joint somewhat rough- scaled beneath, third joint short or rather so in C', short to moderate in Q. Tongue present. Antenna in gf bipectinate, apex nearly simple, in 9 nearly simple. Pectus somewhat hairy. Hindtibia in gr more or less dilated, with hair-pencil r), usually also with a terminal process, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum arising from before a slight basal dilatation, but present in both sexes (in c slender, not long). Forewing with costa more or less arched, apex moderate. termen entire, oblique, nearly straight to slightly curved, cell somewhat less than one-half,, DC? incurved (often strongly), SC! anastomosing with C, or free, SC? normal, R! about connate, M! separate; hindwing with apex moderately rounded, termen rounded, sometimes slightly ventricose in middle, but never with appreciable angle or elbow at R?, cell short, DC? oblique, C approximated to cell to rather less than one-half, rather rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, sometimes connate or separate. Ecc. — Elliptical, lat above and below, one end a little depressed. no truncation. The hexagonal reticulation slight. Colour shining ochraceous, changing to reddish. Duration nine days (Dvar, PsycAe, Vol. 11, p. 121, on dariniata). LaRvA. — Head rounded bilobed, granular. Body flattened, winged with lateral projections, surface spicular, tubercles and setze small, obsolete in latest stadia, the setae with swollen tips, II especially flattened fan-shaped and cleft at tip. Does not bear any attached objects (Dyar, loc. cit., a full description of the five stadia of darwiniafa). Feeds on trees, etc. Others of the larvze are known. "That of the type species is figured by Packard. t. 13, f. 28. Pura. — Apparently not fully described. That of mimosaria rather slender, light brown, much dotted with fuscous, anal spine short, moderately stout, with eight unequal curved slender spinules (Walsh, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol. 9, p. 3or; Packard, Amer. Nat. Vol. 18, p. 934). As above mentioned, this genus is doubtfully differentiable from certain forms in the preceding, although the extremes (as Pis/acraria), with quite small third joint of palpus in both sexes, are very distinct from normal RacAeosPila. Packard distinguishes A /lodes (1. e. typical Nemoria) by its narrow face, but makes the face less narrow in 4zaflodes (which we do not consider tenable generically); we have found too much variation in width in both genera to be able to make any use at all of this distinction. Type of the genus : Nenoria bistriaría, Hübner (Moore sel., 1887). Geographical distribution of species. — North and Central America. 1. NN. bistriartia, Hübner. Eastern U. S. A. Nemoria bistriaria, Hübner, Zutr. Exot. Schmett. Vol. 1. p. 25, f. 139, 140 (1819?) Anisodes bifilata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1585 (15862). Aplodes brunnearia, Packard, Mon. Geom. U. S. A. p. 388, t. 1o, p. 88 (1876). Aplodes bistriaria, Hulst, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p. 315 (1896). Syachlora mimosaria var. brunnearia, Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 64, p. 498 (1895). 2. N. mimosaria (Guenée). Canada, Eastern U. S. X. Aplodes mimosaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 377 (1858). to Florida. Iodis tractaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 540 (18561). Hipparchiscus venustus, Walsh, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol. rr, p. 3or1 (1864). : 1) Both Packard and Hulst separate. /[»ra/odes ( Bisfaciaréa) by the aósezce of dilation with hair-pencil, but itis certainly present, though not very strong. 112 b. 9. IO. 13. I4. T5. 16. N. NE N. MUNI LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Aplodes approximaria, Packard, Rep. Peab. Acad. Sc. Vol. 5, p. 73 !18573). Aplodes latiaria, Packard, ibidem, p. 74 (1873). Aglodes coniferaria, Packard, Amer. Nat. Vol. 18, p. 933 (1884). Svnchlora mimosaria, latiaria et approximaria, Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 64, p. 497, 498 (1895). . pistraciaria ( Packard). Anaplodes pistaciaria, Packard, Mon. Geom. U. S. A. p. 392. t. 13, f. 58,1876). Anaplodes pistacearia, Hulst, Ent. Amer. Vol. 2, p. 121 (1886); Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p. 316 (1896). Euchrostes chloroleucaria var. unistrigata, Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 64. p. 489 (1895). . viridicaria (Hulst) (huj. gen.?) Aplodes viridicaria, Hulst, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. Vol. 3, p. 41 (1580). ? Chlorosea albaria, Grote, The Canad. Entom. Vol. 15, p. 126 (1883). Anaplodes viridicaria, Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. p. 52, p. 316 (1902). . junctolinearia (Graet). Aplodes junctolinearia, Graef, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. Vol. 3, p. 87 (1880); Vol. 4, f. 7 (1881). Anaplodes junctolinearia, Hulst, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 23. p. 316 (1896) arizonaria (Grote). Aplodes arizonaria, Grote, The Canad. Entom. Vol. 15, p. 125 (1853). Anaplodes arizonaria, Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 52, p. 302 (1902). estaria ( H ulst) (bon. sp., teste Pearsall, Science Bull. Brooklvn Inst. Mus. Vol. 1 (8), p. 4.) Anaplodes festaria, Hulst, Ent. Amer. Vol. 2, p. 121 (1886). Anaplodes arizonariía (part.), Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 52. p. 302 (1902. zygotaria (Elulst). Aplodes zygotaría, Hulst, Ent. Amer. Vol. 2, p. 121 (1886). Anaplodes zygotaria, Hulst, Trans. Amer. Ent, Soc. Vol. 23, p. 316 (1896). . mustela ( Druce). Racheospila mustela, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. 90. 1-50, f- 3 (1892). . cabys (Druce) (huj. gen. ?) Racheospila capys, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer, Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. 90, t. 50, f. 4 (1892). . obliqua (ITulst). Aplodes obliqua, Hulst, he Canad. Entom. Vol. 3o, p. 161 (1898). Geometra bellonaria, Strecker, Lep. Rhop. Het., Suppl. 2, p. 8 (1899). Anaplodes obliqua, Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. no. 52, p. 302 (1902). . capysoides (Schaus) (huj gen. ?). Racheospila capysoides, Schaus, l'rans. Amer, Ent. Soc. Vol. 27, p. 251 (1901). dariiniata (Dyar). Aplodes rubrifontaria var. darwiniata, Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 37, p- 903 (1904). Aplodes darwinata, Dyar, Psyche, Vol. 11, p. 121 (1904). Aplodes dartwiniata, Taylor, The Canad, Entom. Vol. 40, p. 100 (1905). - hudsonarta (Taylor). Aplodes liudsonaria, Taylor, The Canad. Entom. Vol. 38, p. 206 (1906). . latirosaria ( Pearsall). Aplodes latirosaria, Pearsall, Science Bull. Brooklyn Inst. Mus. Vol. 1 (8), P. 4, 12 (1906). . unilinearia (Taylor). Aplodes unilinearia, Taylor, The Canad. Entom. Vol. 40, p. 60 (1908). . delicataria (Dyar). Anaplodes delicataria, Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. Vol. 10, p. 57 (1908). splendidaria (Grossbeck). 41plodes splendidaría, Grossbeck, Journ. New York Ent. Soc. Vol. 18, p. 204 (1010). California. Colorado, ? Arizona. Western U. S. A. Arizona. Arizona. Texas. Mexico. Mexico. Colorado. Mexico. British Columbia. Alberta. Utah. British Columbia. California. Arizona. FAM. GEOMETRID/ZA: r13 190. N. sírigataria (Grossbeck). Arizona. Aplodes strigalaria, Grossbeck, Journ. New York Ent. Soc. Vol. 18, p- 204 (1010). 20. N . inlensaria (Pearsall). Utah. : Aplodes intensaria, Pearsall, The Canad. Entom. Vol. 43, p. 251 (1911. 21. N. mutaticolor, nov. sp. 1), Prout. Mexico. Anaplodes pistaciaría, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. 89, t. 49, f. 20 (1892) (nec Packard. 22. N. caerulescens, nov. sp. 2), Prout. New Mexico. 72. GENus DRYADOPSIS, WARREN Dryadopsis. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 424 (1897). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus with second joint long, rough-scaled above and beneath, third joint in c small, concealed. Tongue present. Antenna in Qf serrate or subserrate, with fascicles of cilia (Fig. |I). Pectus hairy. Hindtibia in C little dilated, without terminal process, all spurs developed. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum FiG. 11 in cf (and probably in Q) from before slight costal expansion. Forewing E : ; ; ux352-1727 with costa arched, apex squared, termen rounded, oblique, cell almost x Eccc one-half, DC curved, SC! free, SC? normal, R! separate, M! separate; - : : : : : Section of antenna hindwing with termen rounded, sometimes with an elbow or very slight — ,r pryazogsis pulveraria, Schaus, 3 tooth at R?, tornus pronounced, inner margin moderately long, cell short (about two-fifths), DC? oblique posteriorly, C approximated to cell for some distance, then rather rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, M! connate or just separate. Early stages unknown. Scarcely more than a subgenus of Racheospila (with the facies of the Blecitroma-section), differing in the simply serrate cf antenna. Type of the genus : Dryadofsis morbilliata (Felder) — Racheospila morbilliata, Felder (1897). Geographical distribution of species. — Neotropical. I. D. morbilliata (Felder). Brazil. Racheospila morbilliata, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127, f. 16 (1875). Nemoria morbilliata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 425 (1897). Dryadopsis morbilliata, Warren, ibidem, p. 425 (1897). 2. D. fulverartia (Schaus). Bolivia, British and French Racheospila pulveraria, Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 27, p. 251 (1901). Guiana. 1j Nemoria mutaticolor, nov. sp. — d, 32 mm. Wing-shape, strigulation and faint postmedian line as in /sfaciarza, Packard, but differing in the strongly blue-green colour, absence of díscal spotsand of red costa beneath. Sierra Madre, Tepic, Mexico (Richardson). Type in coll. Brit. Mus., ex coll. Godman-Salvin. Head and legs are damaged, but thespecies will be readily recognizable. In the forewing vein SC! is free: in all the Aislacraria to which we have access it anastomoses with C, but of course this may vary in either or both species. 2) Nemoria caerulescens, nov. sp. — dO.23 mm. Face reddish. Palpus pale ochreous. Antennal shaft whitish ochreous, pure white basally; pectinations short (not quite twice diameter of shaft). Vertex white, occiput green. Thorax and abdomen green; somewhat more mixed with white beieath. Legs pale ochreous, coxze bright green anteriorly, white posterior!y ; hindtibial process short. W'ngs rather narrc wer than in »i»osariéa, costa of forewing and termen of hivdwing less round-d. Frewing brigh! bluish green. with costal edge narcow!y white, and with two broad, clear white trans- verse lines, at about one-third and two-thirds, the antemedian very slightly and regularly curved, the postmedian very s'ightly outcurved anteriorly, very slightly incurved between R? and SM*; fringe white. Hindwing s'ightly paler, espe-ially at base, costally whitish ; antemedian line strongly curved, postmedian rather broader and more diffuse than on forewing, nearly straight, narrowing and slightly curved distad atinner margin. Underside s'ightly paler green, the lines distinct, especially the antemedian. La Cueva, at about 53oo feet, Organ Mountains, New Mexico, 31st Aug. (coll. Townsend). Type in coll Brit. Mus. Forewing with SC! free, R* short-stalked ; hindwing with M' connate. II4 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 73. GENUS SYNCHLORA, GUENÉE Synchlora. Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9. p. 375 (1858); Hulst, Trans. Xmer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p. 314 (1896). Eunemoria. Packard, Rep. Peab. Acad. Sc. Vol. 5, p. 76 (1873) r). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus with second joint rather long, especially in Q9, slightly rough-scaled beneath, third joint in C short, in 9 long or very long, smooth-scaled. Tongue present. Antenna in cf bipectinate with rather long branches, apical one-third (or more) nearly simple; in minutely subserrate. Pectus hairy. Femora very slightly hairy Hindtibia in cf dilated with hair-pencil and rather long terminal process, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in both sexes present, from before well-marked basal expansion. Forewing with costa nearly straight, or very slightly arched, apex pronounced, termen straight, or very slightly curved, oblique, cell nearly one- half, DC more or less curved, SC! free or anastomosing with C, SC? normal, R! about connate, M! separate; hindwing with termen smooth, more or less rounded, tornus pronounced, cell rather short, C anastomosing to nearly (sometimes fully) one-half. cell, 3C? long-stalked, M! connate, approximated or shortly stalked. cf genitalia with uncus bifid, widely divided, gnathos strong and pointed, harpe simple, penis pestillate, with two thorns, one at each side of origin of cdeeagus; coremata present. Ecc. — Elliptical, strongly flattened on two sides, the flat faces concave; side view slightly wedge-shaped, the broader end truncate roundly; surface all finely. hexagonally reticulate; pale, slightly greenish yellow, shining, turning pale red later (Dvar, PsycAe, Vol. 9, p. 93, on aerata — glau- caria). LaRva. — Head rounded, biiobed (scarcely so in fourth stadium), shagreened or granulated ; body (at least in the later stadia) short and thick, surface strongly granulated, without protuberances, but with the tubercles angularly elevated; setze mostly small. in first stage with flattened enlarged tips; in first stage seta IIT of second abdominal and 1V of third—sixth is highlv specialized, long and sticky, with bulbous tip; in later stadia the tubercle itself is enlarged, radiately spinose, sticky, in the fourth stage tubercle II of the ninth abdominal is similarly specialized. To the sticky setze or tubercles the larva attaches fragments of the flowers on which it feeds (asters), thereby concealing itself (Dyar, loc. cit., on aerata, the four stadia fully described). SyacAlora denticularia has similar habits, using frag- ments of the leaves of its foodplants (Solidago. etc.); see Dyar, Ent. News, Vol. 5, p. 62. Pura. — Pale brown, with blackish dorsal line, and more or less dark-marked throughout , [-] (Dyar, Ent. News, Vol. 5, p. 62, on denticularia). A compact genus, distinguished from Section 1I of RachkeosPila by the stronger and more fixed anastomosis of C of the hindwing and by the loss of the vestigial crests; also superficially by the absence of the red marginal coloration which seems constant in that group. We suspect that Zesteraria, Grossbeck, with which we are unacquainted, will prove to be a RacAeospila, Hulst having incorporated Section IT of the last-named into Syachlora. The larval habit suggests a close relationship with r) Packard during the same year published two independent — indeed in some respects conflicting — diagnoses of Juzemorra. The first publication, in the Report cited above, was in July, according to the printed date in Packard's own separatum, kindly supplied to us by Mr. J. A. Gross- beck ; this was for the sole species (therefore type) gxaci/aria, Packard, a synonym of aera£a, Fabricius. The later Eunenoria, Proc. Bost. Noc. Aat. Hist. Vol. 16, p. 3o(November or — according to Packard's separate — December), erected with the species z»ffaria and £ricoloraria (ligworaria, Guenée) has therefore no possible standing. Packard himself realized this in preparing his « Monograpl/», where he states |p. 380) that Fweroria was purely a synonym of SyncAZora Q, and creates (p. 375) a new genus .d»emort£a for u»ifaría. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE I5 Comibaena; the genitalia, on. the other hand, are more suggestive of Hifparchus, and seem quite unconnected with those of the Comibaena-group. Type of the genus : Synchlora liquoraria, Guenée (1896). Geographical distribution of species. — North and South America. I. S. liquoraria, Guenée. California to British Colom- Synchlora liquoraria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o, p 375 (1858). bia. Eunemoria tricoloraria, Packard, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol. 16, p. 3o (1873). Synchlora tricoloraria, Packard, Mon. Geom. U. S. A. p. 38r, t. ro, f. 83 (1876). Synchlora rubrifrontaria, Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 27, p. 903 (1904) (teste Taylor, The Canad. Entom. Vol. 40, p. 100) (nec Packard). Synchlora glaucaria, Dod, The Canad. Entom. Vol. 38, p. 257 (1906) (nec ^ Guenée). Synchlora curvilinea, Warren, MS. (in Coll, Brit. Mus.). 2. S. herbaria (Fabricius). W. Indies. PAalaena herbaria, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Vol, 3 (2), p. 162 (1794). Iodis (2) herbaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 605 (1861). Lissochlora intacta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. 318 (1905). M icroloxia hzrbaria, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 16, p. 82 (1906). 3. S. aerata (Fabricius). Eastern U. S. A. Phalaena aerata, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent. Syst. p. 456 (1798). Aplodes glaucaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 377 (1858). Geometra mimicata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 35, p. 1600 / 1866). Aplodes rubivora, Riley, First Rep. Ins. Mo. p. 139, t. 2, f. 25 (1869). Synchlora albolineata, Packard, Rep. Peab. Acad. Sc. Vol. 5, p. 75 (1873). Eunemoria gracilaria, Packard, ibidem, p 77 (1873). Synchlora rubivoraria, Packard, Mon. Geom. U.S. A. p. 382,t. 10, f.86 (1876). Synchlora aerata, Dyar. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 52, p. 3or (1902). 4. S. frondaria, Guenée. Mexico and W. Indies to Synchlora frondaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o, p. 376 (1858). S. Brazil and Uruguay. Thalera minuata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 35, p. 1613 (1866) 1). Geometra frondaria, Hampson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 16, p. 332 (1895). Aplodes frondaría, Prout, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 210 (r910). Synchlora fuscifrons, Warren, MS. (in coll. Brit. Mus.). 5. S. denticularia (Walker). South and East U. S. A., Nemoría (?) denticularia, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 536 Bermudas. (1861). Synchlora excurvaria, Packard, Rep. Peab. Acad. Sc. Vol. 5, p. 76 (1873). Synchlora denticulata, Hulst, Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p. 315 (1896). 6. S. albicostaría ( Hevrich Scháffer) (przc. var. ?). W. Indies. Eucrostis albicostaria, Herrich-Scháffer, Corr.- Bl. Zool.-min. Ver. Regensb. Vol. 24, p. 181 (1870). 7. S. vubrifrontaria, Packard. Eastern U. S. A. Synchlora rubrifrontaria, Packard, Rep. Peab. Acad. Sc. Vol. 5, p. 75 (1873). Synchlora rubivoraria var. vufofrontaria (in err. pro var. vubrifrontaria), Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 64, p. 500 (1895). 8. S. nortia, Druce (huj. gen.?). Mexico. Synchlora (?) nortíia, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. 93, t; 1, f. 12/(1892)- Aplodes nortia, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 423 (1897). Lissochlora (?) nortia, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 7, p. 135 (1900). 9. S. viridipalleus, Hulst (huj. gen. ?). Colorado. Synchlora viridipallens, Hulst, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p. 315(1806). 1) Vide Zrans. Ent. Soc. Lond. x910, p. 210; we have decided that this synonym can be regarded as certain. 116 LEPIDOPTERA HEIEROCERA 10. S. bistriala (Warren). Brazil. Microloxia bistriata, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 426 (1897). 1I. S. fexana, Hulst (huj. gen. ?). 'Texas. Synchlora texana, Hulst, The Canad. Entom. Vol. 30, p. 160 (1808). 12. S. fallida (Warren). Island of Bonaire. Aplodes pallida, Waxren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 131 (1900). 13. S. dilucida (Warren). Brazil. Microloxia dilucida, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 135 (1900). 14. S. apicata (Warren) (huj. gen. ?). Brazil. Microloxia apicata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 136 (1900). 15. S. delicatula (Dognin). French Guiana. Aplodes delicatula, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 87 (1909). 16. S. dorsuaria, nov. sp. 1), Prout. Antigua. 74. GENUS CHLOROSEA, PACKARD Chlorosea. Packard, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol. 16, p. 31 (1873). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes quite moderate, second joint rather stout, strongly rough-scaled, third joint in both sexes quite small, partly concealed. Tongue present, slender. Antenna less than one-half, in cf bipectinate almost to apex with rather short branches, in Q shortly serrate-dentate. Pectus and femora hairy. Hindtibia in cf not dilated, in both sexes with a single pair of moderate, equal spurs (terminals). Abdomen very slightly crested. Frenulum present in both sexes, arising from before a slight basal expansion, c retinaculum rather near base of forewing. Forewing with costa arched, apex rather acute, termen nearly straight. oblique, cell less than one-half, DC deeply inbent, SC! (in type) anostomosing with C, SC? normal, R! just separate, R? from above middle, M! sepa- rate; hindwing with costa rather long, apex rounded, termen rather straight, cell rather short, DC? deeply inbent, SC approximated to cell for some distance, SC? stalked, R* characteristic, M! separate. Early stages unknown. Type of the genus : C/lorosea nevadaria, Packard (1873). Geographical distribution of species. — Western United States. I. C. nevadaria, Packard. Western U. S. A. Chlorosea nevadaria, Packard, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Vol. 16, p. 31(1873). 2. C. proutaria, Pearsall Utah. Chlorosea proutaría, Pearsall, T'he Canad. Entom, Vol. 43. p. 250 (1911). 3. C. roseitacta, nov. sp. 2), Prout. Arizona. 1) Synchlora dorsuaria, nov. sp. — c, 23 mm. Face green. Vertex white between antennis, red behind. Occiput green. Base of antennal shaft white. Thorax green above, white beneath. Foreleg partly green, white beneath, tibia marked with red above. Abdomen white, the first four segments dorsally apple-green, segments 2-4 bearing each a white, red-margined dorsal spot. Wings bright apple-green. Forewing with costa narrowly pure white, red at base; lines indicated by white dots on the veins, antemedian very ill-defined, postmedian distinct, the dots on R* and 5M* somewhat, and that on SM! (the fold) considerably further from termen than the others; cell spot minute but distinct, blackish red. Hindwing similar. Underside whitish green, costal half of forewing greener, costal margin itselí tinged with ochreous, becoming white at exireme edge. Antigua, two c (type and cotype) in coll, Oxford Mus. 2) Chlorosea roseitacta, nov. sp. — c, 3o mm. Face and palpus rosy (somewhat abraded). Vertex broadly white, faintly tinged with pink behind ; occiput green. Antennal shaft white; pectinations short (about twice width of shaft). Thorax green above and beneath. Femora green, tibia and tarsi whitish, foretibia rosy on inner side. Abdomen white, anteriorly with a dorsal pattern, the second, third and fourth segments béiuj: partly pink, enclosing very large, subtriangular white blotches, their apices directed cephalad. Wings shaped nearly as in zevadaría, thecosta (except distally) and termen of forewing still straighter, the wing therefore appearing more triangular, sharper; colour as in that species, costal haif of hindwing slightly whiter, tornus slightly deeper green ; lineon forewing placed as in zevadar?a, but more slender ; that on hindwing likewise more slender, distinct at inner margin, but losing itself costally to middle of wing; costa of forewing very narrowly white, except basally ; inner margin of hindwing with a rosy streak from post- median line basewards for 2 mm. ; at its proximal extremity there is a faint suggestion of the commencement of an antemedian white line; fringes green proximally, white distally. Underside somewhat paler, postmedian line fainter, no rosy streak on inner margin of hindwing. Palmerlee, Arizona. Type in coll. L. B. Prout. Structure as in zevadaria, but SC! of forewing free. Readily distinguished by its small size and the rosy mark on the hindwing. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE LI7 75. GENUS CHETEOSCELIS, Nov. GEN., PROUT Cheteoscelis, nov. gen. Prout. Annemoria (part.). Hulst, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p- 312 (1896) (nec Packard). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes moderate, second joint rough-scaled, third joint small but distinct. Tongue present. Antenna in 9f bipectinate with moderate branches, in Q dentate or shortly bipectinate. Pectus hairy. Femora somewhat hairy. Hindtibia in cf not dilated, in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in C slender, from before basal expansion, in 9 wanting or vestigial. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex rather acute, termen smooth, oblique, slightly curved, cell not quite one-half, DC strongly inbent, very oblique posteriorly, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C, SC? normal, R! about connate, R? from near R!, M! about connate ; hindwing with costa rather long. apex rounded, termen not strongly convex, tornus moderate, cell somewhat less than one-half, DC? deeply incurved, very oblique posteriorly, C anastomosing to nearly three-fourths of cell, SC? longish-stalked. R? from near R1, M! about connate. Early stages unknown. Clearly a derivative of Clorosea. The type specimen of Annemoria, Packard, Mon. Geom. U. S. A. p. 375 (unitaria, Packard, ibidem, p. 376) is, as Mr. R. F. Pearsall informs us, a wreck, without head, hindwings or abdomen, frobably without anastomosis of C of hindwing; the genus must remain undeter- minable until sound specimens are recognized as conspecific, for Packard's indications are inadequate. Type of the genus : Cheteoscelis bistriaria (Packard) — CAlorosea bistriaria, Packard. Geographical distribution of species. — Western North America to Mexico. I. C. bistriaria (Packard). Western N. America. Chlorosea bistriaria, Packard, Mon. Geom. U. S. A. p- 378, t. 13, f. 55 (1876). Aflodes undinaria, Strecker, Surv. Dept. Missouri, App. 55, p. 1862 (1878). Thetidia bistriaría, Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 64, p. 505 (1895). Annemoria bistriaria, Hulst, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p- 312 (1806) 2. C. graefiaria (Hulst) (huj. gen. ?). MesternbnU s TA" Chlorosea graefiaría, Hulst, Ent. Amer. Vol. 2, p- 123 (1886). Annemoria graefiaria, Hulst, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p. 312 (1896). 3. C. naenia (Druce). Mexico. Omphax naenia, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p- 86, t. 49, f. 13 (1892). 4. C. pectinaria (Grossbeck). Arizona. Annemoría pectinaria, Grossbeck, Journ. New York Ent. Soc. Vol. r8, P- 202 (1910). 76. GENUS PAROMPHACODES, WARREN Paromphacodes, Warren, Novit, Zool. Vol. 4, p- 428 (1897). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes very short, slender, third joint pointed. Tongue present. Antenna short, in cy bipectinate to apex with moderate pectinations (becoming very short at apex), in Q with strong serrations (the proximal ones almost becoming short, stout, pointed pectinations). Pectus hairy. Femora nearly glabrous. Hindtibia in cf not dilated, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in cf short and slender, from before a moderate costal expan- sion, retinaculum near base of forewing ; frenulum in Q well developed. Forewing with costa shouldered 118 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA at base, otherwise rather straight, apex acute, termen straight, oblique, tornus rather pronounced, cell almost one-half, DC? very deeply inbent, SC! anastomosing with C, SC? from stalk of SC?5, anast- omosing (sometimes strongly) or connected at a point with SC!, R! separate, R? from near R!, M! separate; hindwing with costa rather long, apex rounded, termen from R? straight, tornus acute, cell almost one-half, DC? usually incurved, always rather strongly oblique posteriorly, C approximated, yet not closely, to cell to beyond one-half, gradually diverging, SC? stalked, R? from near R!, M! separate, M? from rather near M! (PI. 2, Fig. 15). Early stages unknown. Type of the genus : Paromfphacodes vubrimargo, Warren (1897). Geographical distribution of species. — Neotropical. 1, P. yubrimargo, Warren. BIS sigo: SES Brazil Paromphacodes rubrimargo, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 429 (18097). 2. P. rubristellata, Warren r). Colombia. Paromphacodes rubristellata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4. p. 429 (1897). 77. GENUS PYROCHLORA, WARREN Pyrochlora. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 9o (1895) 2). Characters. — Face with slight roughened prominence. Palpus in &' moderate, second joint rather long, smooth-scaled, third joint quite small (Q unknown to us, would probably have elongate third joint). Tongue present. Antenna in c* bipectinate to little beyond one-half with moderate branches, apex minutely ciliated. Pectus and femora hairy. Foretibia short, densely tufted. Hindtibia in gf dilated, with hair-pencil and very short terminal process, all spurs present, approximated, tarsus long. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in cf well developed, arising from before very slight basal expansion (will certainly be present in Q). Forewing with costa arched, apex moderate, termen nearly straight, oblique, cell less than one-half, DC extremely incurved, SC! free, SC* normal, R! well stalked, M! separate; hindwing with apex moderate, termen nearly straight, tornal area long, inner margin long, cell short, DC? very deeply incurved, becoming very oblique, C rather shortly approximated to cell, then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, M! stalked or approximated, M? from near M!. Early stages unknown. Apparently differs little in structure from Racheospila, though the coloration and the shape of the hindwing — produced to tornus (termen at right angles with costa) — are distinctive; the extreme form of the discocellulars and the strongly tufted foretibia are also worthy of note. Type of the genus : Pvrochlora rhanis (Cramer) Phalaena Geometra vanis, Cramer (1895). Geographical distribution of species. — Neotropical. 1. P. rhanis (Cramer). Panama to N. Brazil. Phalaena Geometra rhanis, Cramer, Pap. Exot. Vol. 2, p. 34, 150, t. 119, Í-BjCi(1777). Phalaena Geometra rhanisaria, Stoll, Suppl. Pap. Exot. Cramer, p. 152, t. 34, f. 2, 2b (1790). 1) Diflers from the type in having the palpus quite moderate, not « very short», but agrees well otherwise; SC* anastomoses with SC! before th latter parts from C. 2) Not preoccupied by Z2yrocAloris, Klug (1839). FAM. GEOMETRID/E 119 Comibaena rhanisaria, Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 284 (1826 ?). Phalaena rhanisarta, Verloren, Cat. Lep. Ins. Crameri, p. 268 (1837). Geometra (?) Yhanis, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p.604 (1861) Comibaena vhanis, Móschler, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 31, p. 404 (1881). Pyrochlora rhanis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 90 (1895). 78. GENUS TACHYCHLORA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Tachychlora, nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — lace smooth. Palpus in both sexes moderate, second joint strongly rough- scaled, third joint not elongate. Tongue developed. Antenna not long, with moderate tuft of scales at base, in both sexes bipectinate to beyond one-half, apical end very shortly ciliated. Pectus strongly hairy. Femora rough-scaled to somewhat hairy. Foretibia short, well tufted (Pl. 5, Fig. 19). Hindtibia with median spurs rudimentary, terminals extremely unequal, no process, hindtarsus considerably longer than tibia. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum present in both sexes, from before slight costal expansion. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex acute, subfalcate, termen nearly straight, faintly concave, tornus prominent, cell short, produced apically, DC incurved, SC! free (anastomosing with C in uricfia), SC? normal, R! stalked, M! connate or approximated; hindwing with costa rather short, the other margins long and rather straight, apex moderate, rounded, tornus prominent, cell short. DC incurved, C approximated rather shortly to cell, rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, M! stalked, perhaps sometimes connate (separate in urtcka). Early stages unknown. Perhaps related to ZZodochlora (especially exquisita), somewhat agreeing in coloration, in the partial atrophy of the median spurs, etc. But as it seems still more closely connected, both in shape and structure, with TackypAyle — scarcely differing essentially except in the presence of the Q frenu- lum — we have thought it better to place it here. The hindwing is similar to that of the preceding genus, but typically still more produced to tornus; the forewing tends to assume the falcate form of Tachyphyle. The shape is, however, less characteristic in some species which we provisionally refer here. Tyne of the genus : Tachychlora lepidaria (Móschler) — Comibaena lepidaria, Móschler. Geographical distribution of species, — Neotropical. I. T. lefidaria (Móschler). — Pl. 4, Fig. 12. Guianas, Colombia. Comibaena lepidaria, Móschler, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 31, p. 404, t. 17, f. 14 (1881). 2. T. subscripta (Warren) (prac. var. vel syn. ?). Venezuela. Comibaena subscripta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 424 (1897). 3. T. silena (Schaus). S. E. Brazil. Nemoria silena, Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 27, p. 252 (1901). 4. T. uricha (Kaye) (huj. gen. ?). Trinidad, Surinam. Dichorda uricha, Kaye, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 147, t. 6, f. 6 (1901). Comibaena flavicoma, Warren, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 30, p. 415 (1906) (nov. syn.) 1). 5. T. flavidisca (Warren). Peru. Comibaena flavidisca, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 20 (1904). 6. T. subaurea (Warren) (huj. gen. ?). Peru. Comibaena subaurea, Warren, Novit, Zool. Vol. 14, p. 201 (1907). 1) We have not seen Warren's type, but from the description we judge the synonymy certain 120 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 79. GENUS TACHYPHYLE, BUTLER Tachyphyle. Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 329 (1881). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus shortish to moderate, second joint rough-scaled beneath, third joint smooth, in Cf quite short, in 9 quite moderate, little exposed. Tongue present. Antenna moderate to rather short, in cf bipectinate with moderately strong branches to beyond one-half, some- times to rather near apex, apical part subserrate, with minute bristles; in Q more or less serrate, with minute bristles. Pectus hairy. Femora nearly glabrous. Hindtibia with median spurs minute, more or less aborted, apparently sometimes entirely obsolete, terminals very unequal. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in gf slender, from before well-marked basal expansion; in Q wanting. Forewing with costa rather straight proximally, well arched distally, apex acute, more or less falcate, termen oblique, either very gently concave nearly throughout, or in anterior half only, straight posteriorly, tornus pronounced, cell short, produced apically. DC? rather strongly incurved, SC! free, SC? normal, R! stalked, very rarely connate, M! very shortly stalked, occasionally connate; hindwing with costa rather short, apex roundly squared, termen long, usually (especially in cf) quite straight almost to tornus, occasionally moderately rounded, tornus pronounced; inner margin long, cell short, DC? somewhat incurved, very rarely at all strongly oblique posteriorly, C approximated to cell rather shortly, in rare cases to middle or slightly beyond, SC? stalked, M! stalked (nearly always long-stalked, or at least longer-stalked than SC?), M? from near (often close) to end of cell, Early stages unknown 1). A very natural genus; though connected with PArudocentra (which is certainly related) by a few species of intermediate shapes, it can be readily differentiated by the tibial armature, the non-elongate third palpal joint in the Q, etc. Dichorda is another relative, but again has four spurs, differs in the normally-shaped wings, more hairy palpi and legs, non-stalking of M!, etc. Type of the genus : Tachyphyle acuta, Butler (1881). Geographical distribution of species. — Neotropical. I. T. acuta, Butler. Panama to N. Brazil. Tachyphyle acuta, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 329 (1881). 2. T. allineata (Warren) (przec. var. vel syn.?). Venezuela to French Gui- Dichorda allineata, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 132 (1900). ana. 3. T. basiplaga (Walker). Brazil. Geometra basiplaga, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 512 (1861). 4. T. nigroapicalis (Dognin). Colombia. Nemoria nigroapicalis, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 44, p. 439 (1900). 5. T. undilineata, Warren. British Guiana. Jr Tachyphyle undilineata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 140 (1900) 2). 6. T. occulta, Warren. Colombia. Tachyphyle occulta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 451 (1901). T. olivia (Schaus). Brazil. Phrudocentra olivia, Schaus, 'Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 27, p. 253 (1901). 8. T. subaurata, Warren. Tachyphyle subaurata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 27 (1904). 9. T. costiscribta, Warren. Tachyphyle costiscripta, Warren, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus, Vol. 3o, p. 426 (1906). Peru. French Guiana. 1) But see on. P7trudocentra., 2! Meloc/ora undilineata on type label. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE I2 IO. T. subfulvata, Warren (huj. gen.?). French Guiana. Tachyphyle subfulvata, Warren, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 30, p. 427 (1906). 1I. T. albisbarsa, Warren. Peru. Tachyphyle albisparsa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 210 (1907). 12. T. flaccida, Warren (huj. gen. ?). Peru, Upper Amazon. Tachyphyle flaccida, Warxen, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 89 (1909). 13. T. fuscicosta, Warren (huj. gen. ?). Upper Amazon. Tachyphyle fuscicosta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 9o (1909). 80. GENUS PHRUDOCENTRA, WARREN Phrudocentra. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 9o (1895) (gen. calebs); Vol. 4, p. 429 !1897). Melochlora. Warren, ibidem, Vol. 8, p. 445 (19or). Nesipola. Warren, ibidem, Vol. r6, p. 82 (1909). ? Hyphalia. Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 303 (1826?) (nom. vetust. sed valde dubium). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus longish to very long, second joint rather long, shortly to moderately rough-scaled, third joint smooth, exposed, in C not minute, in 9 long to very long. Tongue present. Antenna over one-half, in c bipectinate to about two-thirds, with moderate branches (in Section VI to beyond three-fourths with longer branches), in Q occasionally bipectinate usually nearly simple. Pectus hairy. Femora glabrous or nearly so. Hindtibia in cf typically dilated with strong hair-pencil and moderate terminal process, in both sexes with all spurs, the medians sometimes short, especially in the cf, but never aborted. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in gf slender, from before well-marked basal expansion, in Q wanting. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex acute, termen oblique, slightly convex (exceptionally apex is falcate, termen slightly concave anteriorly, sibbous posteriorly), cell less than one-half, DC incurved, SC! free, SC? normal, R! connate or just separate; M! separate; hindwing somewhat variable in shape, termen rounded, elbowed, or even with a short tail at R?, inner margin rather long, cell more or less ahort, DC? somewhat incurved, oblique posteriorly, C approximated shortly to cell, or to nearly one-half, rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, M! usually separate, occasionally connate or short-stalked. LaRva. — Brown, protectively assimilated to withered leaf, the first &ve abdominal segments apparently with enormously extended dorso-lateral protuberances, forming, from the dorsal view, a continuous plate (Sepp, Swrin. Vlind. p. 39, t. 16, on figraria, a lost species apparently near albiceps and lucens, but with a reddish basal patch like Tachyphyle basiflaga ; hardly possibly in reality a broad-winged Tachyphyle). Type of the genus : P/rudocentra pupillata, Warren (1895, 1897). Geographical distribution of species. — Neotropical; Section VI localized in the W. Indies. SECTION I. — c palpus with third joint rather short; c hindleg strongly dilated, with median spurs very short, terminal process developed; Q9 antenna not bipectinate; hindwing with M! separate (PArudocentra, Warren). I. P. pupillata, Warren. Mexico to Colombia and Nemoria óryata, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. 85 (1892) Venezuela. (nec Felder). Phrudocentra pupillata, Naxren, Novit. Zool. (Vol. 2, p. 9o, nom. nud.) Vol. 4, p. 429 (1897). Melochlora vivida, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 8, p. 446 (1901) (nov. syn.). PArudocentra pupillata ab. submaculata, Warren, ibidem, p. 448 (1901) (ab. ?). LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 122 SEcTION II. — cf palpus with third joint rather long; &' hindleg with terminal process, all spurs developed; 9 antenna not bipectinate; hindwing with M' stalked, 2. P. assa (Druce). Costa Rica, ? Peru. Nemoria assa, Druce, Biol. Centr, Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. 85, t. 49. f. 11, 12 (1892). ? Tachyphyle aeretincta. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 507 (1904) (nov. syn.). 3. P. obliquata (Warren). Mexico to Guatemala. Nemoria iris (part.), Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2. p. 85 (1892) (nec Butler). Dichorda obliquata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 503 (1904). 4. P. mitigata, nov. sp. 1), Prout (przc. var. ?). Panama. SECTION III. — As preceding, but c' third joint sometimes moderate, terminal process sometimes wanting, hindwing with M! not stalked; aspect of TackypAyle, termen of hindwing rounded. 5 P. laediata (Felder). Amazons. Nemoria taediata, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127, f. 11 (1875). 6. P. albicepbs (Warren) (prac. var. ?). Peru. M elochlova albiceps, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 504 (1904). 7. P. lucens (Warren). Peru. Venezuela, Trinidad. Tachyphyle lucens, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 210 (1907). 8. P. pigraria (Sepp) (huj. sect. ?). Surinam. PAhalaena Geometra pigraria, Sepp, Surin. Vlind. p. 39, t. 16 (1848 ?). Geometra pigraria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1553 (1862j. 9g. P. niveiceps, nov. sp. 2), Prout. NOSE Peru: SEcTION IV. — As preceding, cf third joint usually moderate, hindtibia not dilated, hindwing with M! not stalked (except in opaca); aspect of Section V (Melochlora, Warren), termen of hindwing more or less elbowed at R? (very slightly in discaía, opaca and genuflexa), underside usually elaborately marked. 10. P. janeira (Schaus). Rio Janeiro. Tachyphyle janeira, Schaus, Journ. New York Ent. Soc. Vol. 5, p. 162 (1897). rr. P. frimaculata (Warren). Costa Rica to Peru. Melochlora trimaculata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 445 (1901). Melochlora intermedia, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 11, p.22 (1904) (ab.) (nov. syn.). 12. P. affinis (Warren) (prec. form ?). Guianas to Peru. Melochlora afínis, Warren, Proc. U. 5. Nat. Mus, Vol. 30, p. 417 (1906). 1) Phrudocentra mitigata, nov. sp. — 3. 34 mm. Closely similar to o5Zigzafa, Warren, but with the postmedian line much more slender, almost ovsolete (indicated about as in weakly-marked examples o! 2»5:z//aía, by a slightly pale line), slightly dark-margined prox'mally ; hindwing somewhat more ample than in ob/igzafa, with Mt sZor//y staiked, termen bulzed about R?; frenulum very slender; face red. Chir:qui, Panama. Type in coll L. B. Prout. It is not altogether 1mp: ss ble that, in spite. of the ditlerences, th:s may prove, on comparison of larger and better material, to be a form of the preceding. In our type (though otherwise good) the base and body are bad y discoloured in relaxing, so that we cannot speak of the antemedian l;ne. Beneath, the postmedian is quite obsolete. 2) Phrudocentra niveiceps, nov. sp. — CO, 3o mm, Head and face rure white, only the occiput green. Palpus quite moderate, ra'her strongly rough-h iired, pale green above, wlfite beneath. Antenn |l *haft white.except at aoex, pectin tion: very short. Thorax green ab ve, whire beneath, Legs white, foretibia marked with blackish ab.;ve, and with the hair-tuft almost who!ly b ack; hindtibia with a rather short but conspicuous process, median spurs develop d, un«qual. Wings rather dark grey-green, with slight bronzy reflection, distal margins much paler, without sharp delmitation ; forewing shaped as in ZucZyPZyle, marked with a prominent. black cell-spot and two faint, approximated olive lines, the antemedian outbent on base of M?,the postmedian gently outcurved near cos'a, thence nearly straight, pirallel with termen; hindwing with termen gently rounded, discal spot somewhat smaller than on forewing, lines very weak, the postmed:an nesrly straight from middle of costa to inner margin somewhat beyo: d middle ; both wings with a fine whitish terminal line, only noticeable in some lights; fringes n-arly conco orous with termen, distal half slight y paler than. proximal. Underside similar, without the lines; terminal area of forewing whiter, the whole of hindwing -omewhat whiter, especially the terminal area, discal dot present on forewing only Huancabamba, N. E. Peru. Type in coli. L. B; Prout. Reminds superficially of ZacAyeAyle occw//a, Warren, but differs structurally. In the hindwing, vein M! is (quite exceptionally for this group) very short-stalked with R?. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 123 Melochlora condensata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14. p. 205 (1907) (var. :) (nov. Syn.) 1). Melochlora afínis ab. abscondita, Waxren, ibidem, Vol. 16, p. 80 (1909) (var. vel ab. ?). 13. P. hydatodes (Warren). French Guiana. Melochlora hydatodes, Waxren, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 3o, p. 418 (1906). 14. P. obnubilata ( Warren). French Guiana. Melochlora obuubilata, Naxren, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 30, p. 419 (1906). 15. P. vagtlinea (Warren). French Guiana, Panama. Mlochlora vagilinea, Naxren, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 3o. p. 419 (1906j. 16. P. discata (Warren). Peru, French Guiana. Melochlora discata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 8o (1909). 17. P. opaca (Butler). Amazons, French Guiana. Iodis opaca, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 328 (1881). 18. P. genuflexa (Warren). French Guiana. Melochlora genuftexa, Narren, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 3o, p. 418 (1906). SECTION V. — Near preceding, but with Q antenna bipectinate; hindwing typically produced to a small tail at R? (Melochlora, Warren). 19. P. neis (Druce). Mexico, Central America. Tachyphyle (2) neis, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. 93, t. 5o, f. 13, 14 (1892). Melochlora neis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 445 (1901). 20. P. tenuis (Warren) (hic ponenda?). Trinidad. Melochlora tenuis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 80 (1909). 21. P. inquilina (Dognin) (huj. sect. ?). Colombia. Melochlora inquilina, Dognin, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 18. p. 161 (1011). SECTION VI.— Antenna rather long, in cf bipectinate to beyond three-fourths, with moderately long, tinate; cf hindtibia rather variable; hindwing rounded or very slightly bent at R? (Nesipola, Warren) 2). well-ciliated branches, each surmounted by a simple stiff hair, in Q not bipec- 22. P. centrifugaria ( Herrich- Schátfer). Cuba, Florida, Geomelra centrifugaria, Herrich-Scháffer, Corr.-Bl. Zool.-min. Ver. Regensb. Vol. 24, p. 182 (1870). Geometra protractaria, Herrich-Scháffer, ibidem, p. 182 (1870). Eucrostis hollandaria, Hulst, Ent. Amer. Vol. 2, p. 122 (1886). Eucrostis Jasbidiaria, Hulst, ibidem, p. 122 (1886). Racheospila jaspidiaria, Hulst, Trans. Amer. Ent, Soc. Vol. 23, p. 3oo (1896). Racheospila hollandaria, Hulst, ibidem, p. 3oo (1896) ; Holland, Moth Book, p. 336, t. 43, f. 19 (1903). Synchlora viridipurpurea, Hulst, The Canad. Entom. Vol. 3o, p. 159 (1898). Racheospila centrifugaria, Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. Vol. 10, p. 35(1908). Nestpola centrifugaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 82 (1909). 23. P. Rinstonensis ( Butler). Jamaica, St. Lucia. Jodis kinstonensis, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 490 (1878). Iodis kingstonensis, Kirby, Zool. Rec. Vol. 15, p. 221 (1880). Cambogia stellataria, Móschler, Abh. Senckenb. Nat. Ges. Vol. 14 (3), p. 68 (1886) (nov. syn ). Racheospila concentrata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 430 (1897) 3). 1) We have not seen Warren's type of a/finzs, but that of affizis ab, abscondita is manitestly a form of condensaía. 2) The species, or forms, referable to this section are very close allies, of very uniform structure and facies, and perhaps mostly belonging to a single protean species. Individual races, such as those of Cuba or of Jamaica, are certainly excessively variable inter se. We had believed the group to be absolutely confined to the West Indies and Florida, but have recently seen a single example of virtually the form of Warren's cozcezfrata, labelled « Amazon » in the Oxford Museum. 3) Leucorachis concentrata on type label. r24 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 24. P. anomalaria ( Móschler). Porto Rico. Racheospila anomalaria. Móschler, Abh. Senckenb. Nat. Ges. Vol. 16, p. 243 (1890). Nesipola anomalaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16. p. 82 (1909). 25. P. heterospila (Hampson). Bahamas, St. Lucia. Euchloris heterosbila, Hampson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), Vol. r4, p. 178 (1904) r1). Lissochlora punctata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 504 (1904) (nov. syn. |. Rhodochlora albimacula, Warren, ibidem, p. 506 (19041. Nesipola hetevospila, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 16, p. 82 (1909). 26. P. impunctata (Warren). Dominica. Nesipola impunctata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 82 (1909) SECTION VII. — Species unclassified. lo - . P. phylira (Cramer) (huj. gen.??) 2). Surinam. Phalaena Geometra phylira, Cramer, Pap. Exot. Vol. 2, p. 113, 150, t. 170, f. D (1777). Phalaena phylivata, Fabricius, Spec. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 254 (1781). Phalaena Geometra viridaria, Stoll, Cramer's Pap. Exot. Vol. 4, p. 158, 252 t. 370, f. G (1781). Hyphalia philyraria, Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 303 (1826?). Hyphalia festivaría, Hübner, ibidem, p. 303 (1826?). Phalaena philyrata, Verloren, Cat. Ins. Lep. Crameri, p. 266 (1537). Iodis phylirata, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 358 (1858). Geometra (?) viridaria, Walker, List Lep.Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p.604 (1861). 28. P. loxiaria (Guenée) (huj. gen.?). Loc. ignot. Geometra loxiaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, P- 344 (1858). ' 8l. GENUS NEAGATHIA, WARREN Neagathia. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 426 (1897). Characters. Face smooth. Palpus in cof moderate, in Q long, second joint shortly rough- scaled, third joint smooth-scaled, in c rather small, in Q long, slender. Tongue present. Antenna slightly over one-half, in c bipectinate with moderate branches, apical two-fifths nearly simple, very shortly ciliated; in Q nearly simple. Pectus slightly hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in cf not dilated, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in gf slender, from before moderate basal expansion, in Q wanting. Wings smoothly scaled, somewhat hyaline or iridescent. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex acute, termen very faintly incurved anteriorly, outcurved in middle, rather strongly oblique towards tornus, cell less than one-half, DC incurved, SC! from cell, free, SC? normal, R! just separate, M!separate; hindwing with apex slightly cut away, termen slightly toothed at R!, with a small tail at R?, weakly incurved between, straight from R? to tornus, tornus sharp, inner margin rather long, cell scarcely two-fifths, DC? slightly incurved, DC? curved or oblique, C approximated to cell to nearly one-half, then moderately diverging, SC? stalked, R? very little above middle, M! approximated or almost connate. Early stages unknown. 1) Hampson's name was published 3rst August, both Warren's in September. 2) This species, though quite recognizably figured, is entirely unknown to us, and to those entomologists whom we have consulted. Mr. Warren (in litt.) suggests that there ;s just a bare possibility it may repres nt a lost ,e/oc/iZora. It was made the type of the genus /7y5Aa/ia by Hübner; therefore ifs rediscovery will almost inevitably result in a change in the generic nomenclature FAM. GEOMETRID/ZE Shape and facies rather distinctive, characters otherwise not salient. We have found no tangible distinction from certain species of PArudocentra (notably obmubilaía) excepting the tooth at R! of the hindwing, and the two genera may very probably have to be merged. Type of the genus : Veagal/ia corruplata ( Felder) N emoria (?) corruptata, Felder (1897). Geographical distribution of species. — Neotropical. 1. IN . corruptata ( Felder). Costa Rica to Guianas and Nemoria (?) corruptata, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het t. 127, f. 6 (1875;. Amazons. Neagathia corruptata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 426 (1897). 2. N. viliosaria (Dognin). Ecuador. Nemoria (?) vitiosaria, Dognin, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 14, p. 186 (1892). 2. N. semilucida, Schaus (corruftata var. ?). 3razil. Neagathia semilucida, Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.Vol. 27, p. 250 (1901). 82. GENUS PCECILOCHLORA, WARREN Poecilochlora. Warren, Novit, Zool. Vol. r1, p. 505 (1904). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus with second joint moderate, rough-scaled, third joint slender, smooth, in cf moderate, in 9 long. Tongue present. Antenna in c bipectinate with short branches, apical part nearly simple; in Q nearly simple, shortly ciliated. Pectus somewhat hairy. Hind- tibia in c dilated with hair-pencil, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in c moderately developed, from before slight basal expansion, in. Q rudimentary. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex moderate, termen slightly concave anteriorly, elbowed at R?, very oblique and subcrenulate posteriorly, cell less than one-half, DC? strongly incurved, SC! from cell, free or anastom- osing with C, SC* normal, R! shortly stalked, M! connate or very shortly stalked ; hindwing with termen prominent at R!, bluntly toothed at R?, excised between, nearly straight from R? to tornus, sub- crenulate, tornus pronounced, cell short, DC? incurved, C rather shortly approximated to cell near base, SC? stalked, M! short-stalked. Early stages unknown. Again more distinct in shape and facies than in structural characters. The conditions of the frenulum might favour a rather less advanced position than we have here assigned it. T ype of the genus : Poecilochlora minor, Warren (1904). Geographical distribution of species. — Peru to Colombia. I. P. minor, Warren. Peru. Poecilochlora minor, Waxren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 506 (1904). 2. P. heterograpta (Warren). Peru, Colombia. Neocrasis heterograpta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 23 (1904). Poecilochlora heterograpta, Warren, ibidem, p. 506 (1904). 83. GENUS HYALOCHLORA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Hyalochlora ( Warren, MS.), nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in cf moderate, in 9 long, second joint extending well 5 beyond frons (especially in Q), rough-scaled above and beneath, third joint smooth, in c shortish, 126 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA in Q much elongated. Tongue developed. Antenna in gf bipectinate to nearly two-thirds, with rather short branches, in Q nearly simple. Pectus hairy. Hindtibia with all spurs developed. approximated; in c dilated with strong hair-pencil and moderate terminal process. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in G' from before slight basal expansion, in Q wanting. Wings hyaline, iridescent. Forewing with costa arched, apex moderate, termen rounded, waved, moderately oblique, cell short, less than two-fifths at discal spot, but greatly produced at apex and considerably at posterior angle, DC therefore extremely inbent (angled at discal spot), SC! free, SC? long-stalked, but arising before SC*, R! connate or short- stalked, M! long-stalked; hindwing with apex and termen rounded, termen weakly subcrenulate, tornus pronounced, cell short, DC? somewhat inbent anteriorly, oblique posteriorly, C appressed to cell to about one-half, then rapidly diverging, SC? long-stalked, R? from somewhat above middle, M! long- stalked. Early stages unknown. Evidently related to PArudocentra, but distinct in the hyaline wings, subcrenulate termen of hindwing, extremely inbent DC of forewing and long stalking of M! of both wings. Type of the genus : Hyalochlora splendens (Druce) — Racheospila splendens, Druce. Geographical distribution of species, — Mexico to Colombia. 1. H . splendens (Druce). Mexico, Costa Rica, Colom- Racheospila splendens, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer, Lep. Het. Vol 2, p. 535. bia. t. 99, f. 4 (1898). 84. GENUS CHROTOCHLORA, WARREN Chrotochlora. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. 317 (1905). Characters. — Pectus hairy. Femora scarcely hairy. Hindtibia in cf with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum slender, from before basal expansion. Forewing triangular, costa straight, somewhat arched distally, apex rather acute, termen entire, oblique, straight, tornus rather pronounced, cell less than one-half, DC? deeply incurved, SC! from cell, running into C, SC? short-stalked with SC*», running close to C -- SC!, perhaps with contact at a point, R! connate, R* from above middle of DC, M! connate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen rounded, tornus squared, cell less than one-half, C approximated to cell to nearly one-half, rather gradually diverging, DC? incurved, SC? very. shortly stalked, M! connate. Early stages unknown. We have given all the informations available on this genus, without being able to express any definite opinion on its status. It was founded on a single, headless specimen which, so for as we know, remains unique. The scaling, though smooth, is thick, and some points in the venation therefore remain uncertain. Type of the genus : Chrotochlora perpulchra, Warren (1905). Geographical distribution of species. — Peru. 1. C. perpulchra, Warren. Peru. Chrotochlora perpulchra, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. 317 (1905). FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 127 85. GENUS DICHORDA, WARREN Dichorda. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 132 (1900) Holothalassis. Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. lIalle, Vol. 64, p. 5ro (1895) (nec Hübner). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus moderate or longish, second joint strongly rough-scaled above and beneath (usually with long hair-scales beneath), terminal joint moderate, not slender, somewhat rough-scaled, partly concealed, slightly longer in Q than in cf. Tongue present. Antenna moderate. in of bipectinate with moderate branches, apex nearly simple, in Q serrate-dentate (shortly bipectinate in P/enix). Pectus strongly hairy. Femora hairy. Foretibia tufted. Hindtibia in cf not dilated, in both sexes rather rough-scaled, with four rather long, rather approximated spurs. Abdomen not crested. F'renulum in gf slender, from before basal expansion, in Q wanting. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex acute, termen oblique, more strongly so posteriorly, faintly sinuate in anterior half, cell less than one-half, DC strongly incurved, SC! from cell, free, or anastomosing or connected at a point with C, SC? normal, R! just separate, M! separate; hindwing with apex and termen moderately rounded, tornus pronounced, cell short, DC? rather incurved, oblique posteriorly, C approximated to cell for a short distance, rather rapidly diverging, SC? stalked. M!approximated, occasionally almost connate. Early stages unknown. A small and compact genus, different in facies from PArudocentra, and structurally in the more hairy legs and palpus, shorter and rougher third joint of the latter, etc.; in these characters recalling Comibaena. Hulst confuses it with A4maflodes (— Nemoria, part.), from which it is distinguished by the absence of Q frenulum, and by differences of leg-structure, etc. Type of the genus : Dichorda tridaria (Guenée) — Geometra iridaria, Guenée (1900). Geographical distribution of species. — United States to Amazons, 1. D. iridaria (Guenée). Eastern U. S. A. to Guate- Geometra iridaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 344 (1858); Druce, mala. Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, t. 49, f. 5 (1892). Geometra remotaria, Nalker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 530 (1861). Geometra iridaria var. consequaria, H. Edwards, Papilio, Vol. 4, p. 19 (1884). Holothalassis iridaria, Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf Halle, Vol. 64, p. 510 (1895). Anaplodes remotaría, Hulst, Trans. Amer. Ent Soc. Vol. 23, p. 316 (1896). ? Anaflodes iridaria, Hulst, ibidem, p. 316 (1896). Slossonia latipennis, Hulst, The Canad. Entom. Vol. 30, p. 217 (1898) (teste Grossbeck, Ent. News, Vol. 20, p. 354). Dichorda iridaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 132 (1900). Dichorda perpendiculata, Narren, ibidem, Vol. 11, p. 503 (1904) (var. ?). 2. D. rectaria (Grote). "Texas, Colorado. Geometra iridaria (part.), Packard, Mon. Geom. U. S. A. p. (nec Guenée). Geometra rectaría, Grote, The Canad. Entom. Vol. 9, p. 157 (1877). ? Anajlodes iridaria, Hulst, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p. 316 (1896 (nec Guenée). 394 (1876) 3. D. iris (Butler). Amazons, Guatemala, West Nemoria iris, Butler, Trans. Ent, Soc. Lond. p. 328 (1881); Druce, Biol. Indies. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, t. 49, f. 10 (1892). 128 ; IEEPIDOPTERA LUEDIEROGCERA 4. D. illustraria (Hulst). California. Geometra iridaria (part.), Packard, Mon. Geom. U. S. A. p. 394, t. 10, f. 93 (1876) (nec Guenée). Geometra illustraria, Hulst, Ent. Xmer. Vol, 2, p. 121 (1886). Anaflodes illustraria, Hulst, Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p. 316 (1806). 5. D. uniformis, Warren. "Trinidad. Dichorda uniformis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 75 (1909). 6. D. aflagaria, Dyar. Mexico. Dichorda aplagaria, Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 38, p. 261 (1910). 7. D. phoenix, nov. sp. 1), Prout (huj. gen.7). Arizona. 86. GENUS LEPTOLOPHA, WARREN Leptolopha. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 78 (1909). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in cf rather short, in Q rather long, second joint rough- scaled below, third joint smooth, in c small, in 9 elongate, slender. Tongue present. Antenna in c bipectinate with moderate or long branches, apical one-third or less nearly simple, in Q nearly simple or strongly bipectinate. Pectus somewhat hairy. Hindtibia in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen with rather weak, soft, non-erect dorsal crests. Frenulum in c slender, from before basal expansion, in Q wanting. Forewing with costa very slightly arched or almost straight, apex moderate, termen smooth, oblique, slightly curved, cell rather short, DC incurved, SC! free, SC? normal. R! stalked, M! connate or shortstalked; hindwing with termen little convex, tornus pronounced, cell short, DC? incurved, C approximated to nearly one-half cell, SC? stalked (very long-stalked in Section I), M! short-stalked. Early stages unknown. A small genus, almost certainly associated with the group of genera following, though with the dorsal crests much weaker (especially in Section II). There is some superficial resemblance to some of the more slenderly-built species of Racheospila (Section Lissochlora), with which Warren compares it; but the loss of the median spurs, and in Section II the pectinate Q antenna, show the greater advance in specialization. Type of the genus : Leftolopha flavilimes (Warren) — Lissochlora flavilimes, Warren (1909). Geographical distribution of species. — Peru, Brazil. SECTION I. — Dorsal hair forming definite crests; cells quite short ; Q antenna not bipectinate. 1. L. flavilimes (Warren). Peru to Upper Amazon. : Lissochlora flavilimes, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 21 (1904). Leptolopha flavilimes, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 16, p. 78 (1909). Leptolopha flavilimes ab. decorata, Warren, ibidem. p. 78 (1909). 1) Dichorda (? phoenix, nov. sp. — 9,27to 32 mm. Face crimson above, white marked with crimson below. Palpus crimson, somewhat mixed with white, base white beneath ; terminal joint more slender than in the other species. Antenna bipectinate with short, slender branches, light, ochreous, shaft white dorsally. Vertex white, occiput green. Thorax green, somewhat mixed with white beneath Abdomen white mixed with green, the dorsum wholly green basally, gradually giving place to more ofthe white colour. Forewing with termen somewhat less oblique than is typical in the genus, suggesting 42/7odes; bright emerald green, costa narrowly crimson, interrupted with white; lines white, broad, antemedian from a slightly thickened spot at costa at nearly one-third. almost straight (insignificantly outbent in middle) to inner margin at beyond one-third ; postmedian from costa at nearly three- fourths, parallel with termen (in the co-type very slightly curved basewards at costa); discal dot extremely minute (dark) or wholly obsolete , fringe green proximally, white distally. Hindwing with costa longer than in typical DicZorda, C approximated to cell to well beyond one-half; concolorous with fore- wing; only the costal area somewhat whiter; antemedian line wanting, postmedian nearly straight or very slightly curved, from costa nearly opposite postmedian of forewing to inner margin ator beyond tbree-fourths; discal dot and fringe as in forewing. Underside paler, similarly but more weakly marked. Phoenix, Arizona, 13 Sept. 1904 (R. E. Kunze). Type and co-type (both Q) in coll. Brit. Mus. Scarcely a true DicAerda, according to the differences noted above; the non-oblique postmedian line of forewing also gives it a somewhat different aspect (more as .42/odes) ; but the frenulum is absent, the legs and palpi almost sufficiently bairy, and it can remain here for the present. In the type, SCt of forewing is free, in the co-type it anasto- mosSes moderately with C. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 129 2. L. ntgripunctata, Warren. Peru. Leptolopha nigripunctata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 78 (1900). 3. L. fermagna, Warren. Peru. Leptolopha permagna, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 79 (1009. SECTION II. — Dorsal hair forming a continuous ridge ; cells less short ; O antenna strongly bipectinate. 4. L. fallidaria (Schaus). Brazil. Comostola pallidaria, Schaus, Journ. New York Ent. Soc. Vol. 5, p. 161 (1897). 87. GENUS RACHEOLOPHA, WARREN Racheolopha. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 137 (1900). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in c small, in Q with third joint long. Antenna in cy bipectinate, in Q perhaps variable (not pectinate in zufilimes). Frenulum in OQ wanting. Hindtibia (at least in the Q ) with all spurs. Abdomen crested. Wings shaped as in FacAeosfpila, Section II, etc. Fore- wing with SC! stalked to beyond R!, sometimes running into C. Hindwing with C approximated to cell for some distance near base, not anastomosing. Early stages unknown. We have been quite unable to obtain access to a specimen of micceularia, Guenée, the type of this genus;itis entirely unknown to Dognin, Schaus and Dyar, and also to Warren at the present time. "The above meagre notes have been drawn up from a hasty examination of vufilimes, and from one or two hints given by M. Oberthür, from Guenée's type. According to a rough figure, kindly sent us by M. Oberthür, it seems not unlikely that rufilimes should sink. The genus apparently differs from all the rest of its group in the four-spurred hindtibia. Type of the genus : Racheolopha miccularia (Guenée) — Racheospila miccularia, Guenée (1900). Geographical distribution of species. — French Guiana(?), Ecuador. I. Re. miccularia (Guenée). ? French Guiana. Racheospila miccularia, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 374 (1858). Racheolopha miccularia, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 137 (1900). 2. R. rufilimes, Warren (prec. syn.?). Ecuador. Racheolopha rufilimes, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. 319 (1905). 88. GENUS AUOPHYLLA, WARREN Auophylla. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4. p. 423 (1897). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in cf rather short, slender, second joint short-scaled, terminal joint small, pointed, in Q somewhat more elongate, yet still relatively small and slender. "Tongue present. Antenna less than one-half. in both sexes strongly bipectinate, with apex nearly simple. Pectus hairy. Hindtibia in cf not dilated, in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen with compact, glossy crests. Frenulum in c slender, from before basal expansion, retinaculum near base of forewing; Q frenulum wanting. Forewing with costa arched, apex acute, termen rather straight, cell nearly one-half, DC? inbent, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C or free, SC? normal, R? from much 130 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA above middle of DC, M! separate; hindwing with termen nearly smooth or waved, slightly bent at R$, tornus pronounced, cell almost one-half, C approximated to cell to near one-half, then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, M! nearly connate. Early stages unknown. 'This and the succeeding genera form a very natural group, the dorsal crests very uniform on the whole, median spurs of hindtibia always absent, Q antenna almost fixedly bipectinate (excepting a few Oospila). Type of the genus : Auophylla includaria (Herrich-Scháüffer) — T/Aalera includaria, Herrich- Scháffer (1897). Geographical distribution of species. — Neotropical. I. A. includaria (Herrich-Scháffer). Brazil. Thalera includaria, Herrich-Scháffer, Samml. Aussereur. Schmett. Vol. 1, t. 61, f. 341 (1855), p. 36, 62, 82 (1856). Phorodesma (?) inclusaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o. p. 371 (1855). Comibaena (2) inclusaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 570 (1861). Auophylla includaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 423 (1897). 2. A. multiplagiala, Warren. Paraguay. N. Argentina. Auophylla multiplagiata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4. p. 424 (1897). 3. A. magnifica (Schaus). S. E. Brazil. Comibaena magnifica, Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 27, p. 252 (1901 . 4. A. basiplaga, Warren. Paraguay, N. Argentina. Auophylla basiplaga, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 201 (1907) 1j. 89. GeNUS AUOPHYLLODES, Nov. GEN., PROUT Auophyllodes, nov. gen. l'rout. Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes slender, with second joint short, third joint in gf rather small, pointed, in Q relatively long. smooth. Tongue present. Antenna in both sexes strongly bipectinate, the branches ceasing rather abruptly, apex nearly simple, ciliated. Pectus slightly hairy. Hindtibia in cf not dilated, in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen with compact, glossy crests (typically small; larger in ecuadorata, etc.). Frenulum in gf slender, from before well- marked basal expansion; in Q wanting. Forewing with costa gently arched, apex moderate or rather acute, termen smooth, oblique, slightly curved to nearly straight, cell rather short, DC little incurved, SC!stalked with SC?5, SC? typically arising after SC», R! often stalked, M! connate to long-stalked ; hindwing with termen rounded, or very slightly bent at R?, tornus rather pronounced, cell more or less short, DC not very oblique, sometimes angled at origin of R?, C approximated to cell for some distance, SC? stalked, R? characteristic, M! shortly to long stalked (Pl. 8, Fig. 16). Early stages unknown. Typically very characteristic in the venation, but in order to avoid multiplying genera, we have included all the species in which SC! of forewing is stalked, even where SC? does not (as in the vene- suelata group) arise after SC*. Type of the genus : Auofhyllodes venezuelata (Walker) — Comibaena venezuclata Walker. Geographical distribution of species. — Central America to Brazil. 1) Oospila basip/aga on type label. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE I3I SECTION I. — Forewing with SC* arising after SC». I. 4. venezuelata (Walker). Nicaraguatonorthern South Comuibaena venezuelata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Vol. 22, p. 570 (1861). America, Trinidad. 2. A. ambusta (Warren) (przc. ab. ?). Venezuela. Auofhylla ambusta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7» p- 131 (1900). 3. A. invasata (Walker). . Colombia, ? Guatemala. Comibaena invasata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 35, p. 1611 (1866). ? Comibaena invasata, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, t. 49, f. 18 (1892) (spec. div. ?). ? Comibaena inclusaria, Druce, ibidem, p. 88 (1892) (nec Herrich-Scháffer, (ead ac prac.). Auophylla invasata, ab. Ferrubta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 132 (1900). 4. 4. belisama (Druce). Panama. Comibaena belisama, Druce, Biol, Centr. Amer, Jzep-bietz i Volu2:00387- t. 49. f. 16, 17 (1892). 5. A. partita, nov. sp. 1), Prout. Panama, Costa Rica. SECTION II. — Forewing with SC* arising before SC». 6. A. sarptaria (Móschler) (huj. gen.?) 2). Surinam. Phorodesma scarptaria, Móschler, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 3r, P. 402, t 17, f. 12 (1881). Comibaena sarptarta, Dognin, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 14, p. 186 (1892). Auophylla sarptaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7» p. 132 (1900). 7- A. ecuadorata (Dognin) (prec. syn.?). — PI. 4, 5lig Ecuador to French Guiana Comibaena ecuadorata, Dognin, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 14, p. 186 (1892). and S. Brazil. 8. A. arfata (Schaus). Brazil. Rachcospila arpata, Schaus, Journ. New York Ent. Soc. Vol. 5, p. 161 (1897). 9. 4. delacruzi (Dognin). Ecuador. Comibaena delacruzi, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 42. p. 218 (1898). Oospila delacruzi, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. rr. p- 905 (1904). Racheolopha delacruzi, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 16, p. 86 (1909;. IO. 4. similiplaga (Warren) (huj. gen. ?). Brazil, Peru. Racheolopha similiplaga, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 75 P- 137 (1900). II. 4. extensata (Warren). French Guiana. Racheolopha extensata, Warren, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 3o, p. 423 (1906). I2. A. asligma (Warren). Peru. Racheolopha astigma, Waxren, Novit. Zool. Vol. I4, p- 206 (1907). 13. A. fimbripedata (Warren). Peru. Racheolopha fimbripedata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. I4, p. 207 (1907). I4. A. leucostigma (Warren). Peru. » Racheolopha leucostigma, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. I4, p. 207 (1907). 15. A. lunicincta (Warren) (huj. gen. ?). Paraguay. Racheolopha lunicincta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p- 85 (1909). 1) Auophyllodes partita, nov. sp. — 0,28 mm. Shape of Zz/vasata. Head, antenna and palpus light ochreous, the latter redder above and on outer side; vertex with a slightly paler band behind the antennz. Legs ochreous. Thorax green above. Abdomen very pale fleshy-ochreous, the dorsal crests very small, darker flesh-colour, glossy, confined to segments 2-4, Forewing with costa broadly pale ochreous, clouded with darker and spotted with reddish fuscous; basal area otherwise bright green nearly to middle of wing, its boundary somewhat oblique, and incurved below cell; outer area pale ochreous, irregularly marked with darker, enclosing a large blotch of bright green between SC! und Mt, with proximal edge projecting anteriorly nearly to DC?, posteriorly receding somewhat, distal edge reaching toabout 2,5 mm. from termen, except between R! and R?, where the pale ochreous colour throws a curved projection basewards; terminal line fuscous, interrupted at the vein-ends; fringe ocbreous. Hindwing green from SC (and SC? to origin of R!) to near tornus (sbape almost exactly as in JeZisama, Druce), terminal area coloured as in forewing, with ferruginous irroration more strong towards tornus, terminal line as in forewing, but more strongly interrupted, thickened into a conspicuous mark at tornus. Underside with pattern weakly showing through ; forewing with a «lightly curved fuscous bar from tornus to R?; hindwing with a small subapical fuscous blotch. La Chlorrera, Panama, r April to 15 May, 1898 (C. H. Dolby-Tylor). Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Costa Rica, in coll. W, Schaus. Structure quite typical. 2) Móschler's figure and description (especially the « green abdomen ») do not fit perfectly with ecmaderafa, and we therefore cite the name separately, and as of an unknown species; but itis quite likely that it is a form of Dognin's widely-distributed and very variable species. The last- named certainly belongs to the present genus and section. 132 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 90. GENUS OOSPILA, WARREN Oospila. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 426 (1897). Drucia 1). Warren, ibidem, Vol. 7, p. 133 (1900). Halioscia. Waren, ibidem, Vol. r4, p. 202 (1907) (indescr.). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus moderate to long, not long-scaled, third joint in cf small or moderate, in Q long to very long; smooth. Tongue present. Antenna rather short, in of bipectinate with long branches, apical one-third nearly simple; in Q similarly bipectinate, or with more moderate branches, or lamellate, nearly simple. Pectus hairy. Femora usually somewhat hairy. Hindtibia in gf often clothed with extremely long hair on inner side, in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen with compact, glossy crests (Fig. 1 2). Frenulum in cf short, Fi. 12 usually slender, from before well-marked basal expansion, retinaculum near base of forewing; Q frenulum wanting. Fore- wing with costa gently arched. apex moderate or rather acute, termen straight or gently rounded, moderately convex, cell less than one-half, DC usually rather straight, DC? occasionally strongly incurved, SC! from cell, free or anastomosing with C, SC? normal, R! shortly to rather long-stalked, perhaps occasi- Lateral view of Oospi/a coerulea, Warren, &. onally connate, R? usually from well above middle of DC, M! usually short-stalked, occasionally connate or (quite exceptionally) separate, hindwing with termen variable in shape, either regularly rounded, slightly ventricose in middle, or more or less tailed at R? or at R! and R?, tornus pronounced, cell short, DC? usually curved, DC? oblique, typically azising con- siderably distally. C appressed to SC to one-half cell or less, then rapidly diverging, SC? long-stalked, M! stalked. Early stages unknown. A rather large genus, showing some amount of structural variation, but not at all excessive. The shape of the hindwing cannot, so far as we can see, be utilized as generic; Warren places a few of the most strongly tailed forms as a separate genus, Drucia, but includes there forms in which the shape is very diverse, while he also admits into his other genera some which are more or less tailed (e. g., RacAeo- lobha heteromorpha). The small group with non-pectinate Q antenna (coerulea, derasa, etc.) may possibly be tenable as a genus, but we have not even ventured to make it sectional, so many of the females being still unknown. Finally, it might be possible to split up the genus on the discocellulars of the hindwing; in the type-species and many others these are as described above, but in the coerulea-group and others they are almost straight (oblique), and in a few (e. g., conversa) DC? is strongly incurved. A very prevalent, though not invariable feature in the genus is the presence of an oval or roundish raised white cell-spot on DC? of the hindwing, often in addition to the ordinary cell-spot, which may be.dark or white, and is placed about the middle of DC*. Tyne of the genus : Oosfila trilunaria (Guenée) — Racheospila trilunaria, Guenée (1897). Geographical distribution of species. — Neotropical. 1. O. trilunaria (Guenée). Brazil. Phorodesma trilunaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Leép. Vol. o, p. 372 (1858). Conibaena trilunaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 570(1861). Oospila trilunaria, Waxren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 426 (1897). Racheolopha trilunarta ab. obsolescens, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 16, p. 86 (1909). 1) Not preoccupied by D»rcea, Kirby (1802). . FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 2. O. ciliaria (Hübner). Phalaena Geometra marginaría, Stoll, Suppl. Pap. Exot. Cramer, p. 156, t. 34, f. 8 (1790) (nec Fabricius, 1777). Eucrostes ciltaria, Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 283 (1826 ?). Phalaena marginaria, Nerloren, Cat. Ins. Lep. Crameri, p. 269 (1837;. Phorodesma (?) semialbaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 372 (1858). Comibaena (?) marginaría, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 570 (1861). 3. O. pallida (Warren) (prac. var. vel syn. ?). Racheolopha pallida, Warren, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 3o, p. 426 (1906). 4. O. decoloraria (Walker). Lodis decoloraría, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 541 (1861). 5. O. albicoma (Felder). Racheospila (1) albicoma, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127, f. 22 (1875). Oospila albicoma, Waxren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 136 (1900). 6. O. confundaria (Móschler) (huj. gen.?). Racheospila confundaria, Móschler. Abh. Senckenb. Nat. Ges. Vol. r6, p- 242 (1890). 7- O. callicula (Druce). Comibaena. callicula, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. 88, t. 49, f. 19 (1892). 8. O. asmura (Druce). Racheospila (?) asmura, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. 92, t. 50, f. 11 (1892). Drucia asmura, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 133 (1900). 9. O. hyalina, Warren. Oospila hyalina, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4. p. 427 (1897). 10. O. marginata, Warren (ead ac confundaria, Móschler ?). Oospila marginata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, P- 427 (1897). I1. O. violacea, Warren. Oospila violacea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, P- 427 (1897). 12. O. Jaspidata (Warren). Racheospila jaspidata, Waxren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 430 (1897). Racheolopha jaspidata, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 7, p. 137 (1900). Drucia jaspidata, Warren, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 3o, p. 416 (1906). 13. O. rosipara (Warren). Racheospila rvosipara, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4. P- 431 (1897). Racheolopha flavicincta, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 7, p- 137 (1900) (nov. syn.). ? Racheolopha microspila, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 16, p. 86 (1909). 14. O. delh/inata (Warren). Drucia delphinata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 133 (1900). I5. O. concinna, Warren. Oospila concinna, Warren, Novit. Zool, Vol. 7; P- 136 (1900/. 16. O. congener. Waren. Oospila congener, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7. p- 136 (1900). Halioscila congener, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 14, p. 203 (1907). 17. O. ruptimacula, Warren. Oospila ruptimacula, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p- 448 (19or). 18. O. latimargo (Warren). Dructia latimargo, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. II, p. 20 (1904). 19. O. alroviridis, Warren. Oospila atroviridis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p- 24 (1904). Halioscia atroviridis, Warren, ibidem, Vol. I4, p. 202 (1907). 20. O. restricla, Warren. Oospila restricta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. II, p. 504 (1904). 21. O. rufiblara, Warren. Ooshila rufiblara, Warren, Novit. Zool, Vol. II, p. 505 (1904). 22. O. depressa, Warren. Comibaena albicoma, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. 88 *(1892) (nec Felder). Oospila depressa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. I2, p. 45 (1905). 195 Brazil. French Guiana. ? Jamaica, Paraguay. Guatemala, Amazons, Brit- ish Guiana. Porto Rico, ? Dominica. Panama. Panama, N. Peru. Colombia. British Guiana. British Guiana. British Guiana. Venezuela, ? Peru. S. E. Brazil, Paraguay. Venezuela. British Guiana. Ecuador. Peru. Peru. Peru. Peru, Costa Rica, Panama. 134 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 23. O. thalassina, Warren. Oospila thalassina, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. 318 (1905). 24. O. obeliscata (Warren). Auophylla obeliscata, Warren, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 3o, p. 414 (1906). 25. O. excrescens (Warren). Drucia excrescens, Warren, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 30, p. 415 (1906). 26. O. quinquemaculata (Warren). Drucia quinquemaculata, Warren, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 3o, p. 416 (1906). 27. O. semispurcata (Warren). Drucia semispurcata, Warren, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 30, p. 416 (1906). 28. O. sellifera, Warren. Oospila sellifera, Warren, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 30, p. 420 (1906). 29. O. coerulea (Warren). Racheolopha coerulea, Warren, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 3o, p. 421 (1906). 3o. O. derasa (Warren) (prec. ab.?). Racheolopha derasa, Narren, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 30, p. 422 (1906). 31. O. lilacina (Warren). Racheolopha lilacina, Warren, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 3o, p. 424 (1906). 32. O. longipalpis (Warren). Racheolopha longipalpis, Warren, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 3o, p. 425/1906). 33. O. circumdata (Warren). Drucia circumdata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14. p. 202 (1907). 34. O frocellosa (Warren). Halioscia procellosa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 202 (1907). 35. O. plurimaculata (Warren). Racheolopha plurimaculata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 208 (1907). 36. O. conversa (Dognin). Racheolopha conversa, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 52, p. 264 (1908). 37. O. fractimacula, nov. nom., Prout. Halioscia ruptimacula, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 77 (1909) (nec Oospila ruptimacula, Warren, 1901). 38. O. longiplaga, Warren. Oospila longiplaga, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 83 (1909). 39. O. minorata, Warren. Oospila minorata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 83 (1909). 40. O. nasuta, Warren. Oosbila nasuta, Warrren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 83 (1909). 41. O. semiviridis, Warren. Oospila semiviridis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 84 (1909). ] p. 94 (190€ 42. O. heteromorpha (Warren). Racheolopha heteromorpha, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 84 (1909). 43. O lactecincta (Warren) (huj. gen. ?). Racheolopha lactecincta, Narren, Novit. Zool, Vol. 16, p. 85 (1909). Peru. * à British and French Guiana. French Guiana. French Guiana. French Guiana. French Guiana. British Guiana, Amazons. French Guiana to Colom- bia. French Guiana. French Guiana. Peru. Peru. Peru. French Guiana. Peru. Upper Amazon. Peru, Upper Amazon. Trinidad. Peru. Paraguay. Upper Amazon. 44. O. lacteguttata (Warren). Peru. Racheolopha lacteguttata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 85 (1909). 45. O. fumidimargo (Dognin). Colombia. À Drucia fumidimargo, Dognin, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 18, p. 162 (1911). 46. O. doleus, Druce. Colombia. j Oospila dolens, Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), Vol. 7, p. 293 (1011). 47. O. mesocraspeda, nov. sp. 1), Prout. Panama. 1) Oospila mesocraspeda, nov. sp. — 9,27; mm. Face red. Palpus long (2 !/; times diameter of eye), red. Antenna bipectinate with moderate branches ; shaft proximally white above, distally reddish, pectinations ochreous. Vertex whitish green, occiput green, the two colours narrowly separated by red. Thorax and abdomen green above, abdominal crests shining ruby red, those on segments 2-4 strong, those on 5-6 less so, traces of an additional crest on 7. Wings blue-green, nearly as in coerzZea and derasa, hindwing with termen somewhat more strongly rounded than in those species. Forewing with costa narrowly ochreous, a small black discal spot and a purplish, fuscous-irrorated terminal band, quite narrow at costa and between R? and M', forming moderate, rounded-margined projections from R! to R? and tornally; fringe paler, chequered with purplish. Hindwing with the raised oval white spot on DC?, no second cell-spot; border nearly as on forewing, but with a third projection at apex, nearly coalesced with the middle one, the demarcation indicated only by a slight projection of the green ground-colour at R!. Underside paler, the marginal bands largely obliterated, but leaving a terminal line on both wings, a. fuscous tornal blotch om forewing and apical blotch on hindwing. La Chorrera. Panama. rst April to 15th May, 1898 (C. H. Dolby-Tylor). Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Aspect of the ccexsea-group, but with pectinate antenna and DC? separately curved, as in typical Qos?i/a, not continuously oblique with DC, as in coeruZea. Perhaps nearer to car»seluzata and confiaria, which zre unknown to us. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 135 45. O. sesquiplaga, nov. sp. 1). Prout. Brazil. NorE. — Racheolopha caruelunata, Warren, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 30. p. 421; R. confluaria, Warren, ibidem, p. 422; R. continuata, Warren, ibidem, p. 422; .R. rubescens, Warren, ibidem, p. 423; R. florepicla, Narren, ibidem, p. 424. and Ft. sporadata, Warren, ibidem, p. 429, are unknown to us, but are probably — some of them almost certainly — to be added to this genus. It is also possible that one or two of them belong to Progonodes or one of the other nearly allied genera; the description of sporadata, in particular, suggests the genus named. 9I. GeNUs PROGONODES, WARREN Progonodes. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 429 (1897). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes minute (shorter than diameter of eye), shortly scaled. Tongue present (not very strong). Antenna short, in both sexes bipectinate with long branches, apical end nearly simple. Pectus hairy. Hindtibia in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen with compact, glossy crests. Frenulum in cf short, from before basal expansion, in Q wanting. Wings usually rather smoothly and not densely scaled, hindwing sometimes with raised oval white spot on DC?, as in Ovospila. Forewing with costa rather straight proximally, more arched distally, apex prominent, termen oblique, straight anteriorly, slightly or more strongly curved posteriorly, cell nearly one-half, DC more or less normal (in aüvetacta. with DC? incurved and DC? arising distally), SC! from cell, anostomosing with C (free in uivetacía), SC? normal, R! connate or short-stalked, M! connate or short- stalked; hindwing with apex moderate or rather squared, termen slightly or strongly bent at R?, thence rather straight, tornus pronounced, cell somewhat less than one-half, DC variable, C approximated to cell for some distance, SC? stalked, M! short-stalked, occasionally connate. Early stages unknown. We have retained this genus for a few species agreeing with OosPila in most characters, but distinguished by the minute palpus in both sexes. Type of the genus : Progonodes stagonata (Velder) — Racheospila stagonata, Felder. Geographical distribution of species. — lropical America, ? 5. Brazil. I. P. slagonata (Felder). Colombia. Racheospila stagonata, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127, f. 25 (1875). Progonodes stagonata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 430 (1897). P. arycanda (Druce) (prac. var.?). Costa Rica. Racheospila arycanda, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. 89, t. 49, f. 21 (1892). 3. P. athena (Druce). Panama. Racheospila athena, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. 89, t. 49, f. 22 (1892). lo 4. P. nivelacta (Warren). — Pl. 4, Fig. 7. French and British Guiana. Racheolopha nivetacta, Warren, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 30, p. 425 (1906). 5. P. fenestrata, Bastelberger. N. Peru, Progonuodes fenestrata, Bastelberger, Intern. Ent. Zeit. Guben, Vol. 5. p. 54 (19II). 6. P. semicaudata, nov. sp. 2), Prout (huj. gen.?). Brazil. 1) Oospila sesquiplaga, nov. sp. — 2,32 mm. Shape, structure and coloration of O. coeridea, the markings of both wings fuscous purple, consisting on lorewing of a minute discal dot, a thick terminal line, a small pyramidal blotch between R! and R* and a larger tornal blotch (from midway between M! and M? to inner margin at about 3 mm. from tornus, its edge rounded), on hindwing of the terminal line and a small tornal blotch ; hindwing also with a raised white dash on DC?; fringes purplish. Underside with the markings reduced to the terminal lines and, on forewing only, a small tornal blotch. Brazil, ex coll. Saunders, type in coll. Oxford Mus. 2) Progonodes (?) semicaudata, nov. sp. — 9,26 mm. Face red, vertex white, occiput green, palpus reddish, antennal shaft white. Thorax and base of abdomen green dorsally, paler beneath. Fore- and middle-legs tinged with red anteriorly. Forewing with costa arched, apex acute, termen straight (even faintly subconcave) anteriorly, strongly curved and oblique posteriorly ; green, with a small red-brown cell-spot, large red-brown tornal blotch reaching to M!, and rather thick red-brown terminalline, slightly pale-interrupted at the vein ends; fringe whitish, marked with red-brown (defective). Hindwing somewhat quadrate, termen produced to a blunt tooth at R?, faint!y excised between R! and,R?; green, with a red-brown apical blotch reaching to R1; discal spot, terminal line and fringe as in forewing, the terminal line thickened into a very small blotch at tornus. Espiritu Santo, Brazil. Type in Oxford Mus. Referred provisionally to Proxogodes in spite of smaller size and diflerent facies. The crests are slight, concolorous with abdomen. M! of both wings is very shortly stalked, SC? of hindwing only shortly stalked, C is approximated to cell to about one-half and diverges gradually. 136 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 92. GENUS RHOMBOCHLORA, WARREN (PRAEC. SUBGEN.?) Rhombochlora. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 89 (1909). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in cf quite short (about as long as diameter of eye), rather slender, second joint shortly rough-scaled, terminal joint minute. Tongue present. Antenna scarcely over one- half, in c bipectinate to two-thirds with moderate branches, apex nearly simple, with single cilia. Pectus hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in cf dilated with hair-pencil, median spurs wanting. Abdomen with dorsal crests, somewhat as in Oosfila, etc., but rather less highly developed. Frenulum as in cf moderate, from before appreciable basal expansion. Forewing with costa arched, apex moderate, termen very feebly elbowed at R?, tornus pronounced, cell rather less than one-half, DC incurved, SC! free, SC? normal, R! short-stalked, R? from above middle of DC, M! approximated ; hindwing with apex pronounced, termen stronglv produced to.a blunt tail at R?, tornus pronounced, cell less than one-half, DC rather straight, oblique. C approximated to cell to near one-half, SC? stalked, M! connate., Early stages unknown. We have drawn up the above characterization from Warren's type, but have been quite unable to study it further or to compare it with the preceding; moreover the Q is unknown, and the status of the genus must remain for the present doubtful. Possibly not separable from Progonodes. Type of the genus : RAombochlora granulata, Narren (1909). Geographical distribution of species. — Amazons. I. R. granulata, Warren. Upper Amazon. Rhombochlora granulata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 89 (1909). 983. GENUS LOPHOCHORISTA, WARREN Lophochorista. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r1, p. 22 (1904). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus slender, second joint rather short. rough-scaled above and beneath. third joint in gf small, in Q greatly elongate. Tongue present. Antenna short, in both sexes bipectinate with long branches, apical one-third merely ciliated. Fic. 13 Pectus densely hairy. Femora hairv, hindfemur (at least in c) densely long-haired. Hindtibia in cg greatlv dilated, especially posteriorlv, with dense masses of hair, one long and one short terminal spur, medians A wanting (Fig. 1 3); in Q with a single pair of rather short, equal spurs. Hindtarsus in c abbreviated. Metathorax strongly tufted. Abdomen with strong, moderately compact crests. Hindwing with appreciable basal expansion, frenulum in cg arising before it, moderately strong, in Q wanting Wings smoothly scaled, somewhat hyaline. Forewing with costa straight proximally, slightly arched distally, apex moderate, termen faintly crenulate, curved, oblique, strongly so beyond M!, cell almost one-half, DC? usually deeply incurved, SC! free, SC? normal, R! longish- Hindleg of LopAochorista ockendeni, Druce, 3. stalked, R? from much above middle of DC, M! connate or separate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen crenulate, with stronger teeth at R' and R?, especially the former, tornus moderately pronounced, cell less than one-half, DC? usually FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 137 deeply incurved, but very variable, C appressed to cell to one-half (the appression sometimes including a slight anastomosis), very rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, M! connate, stalked or approximated. Early stages unknown. Evidently related to Oosfila (e. g.. O. obeliscata), but distinct in the tufted metathorax, partly aborted cf hindleg, smooth, subhyaline scaling, crenulate hindwing, etc. Type of the genus : Lophochorisía calliope (Druce) — Racheosfila calliopbe, Druce 1) (1904). Geographical distribution of species. — Mexico to 5. E. Brazil. I. L. calltope ( Druce). Mexico. Racheospila calliope, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. 90, t. 5o, f. 1, 2 (1892). Lophochorista calliope, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 22 (1904). 2. L. ockendeni (Druce). Peru, Venezuela, S. E. Bra- Racheospila ockendeni, Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), Vol. 7, p. 293 (1911). zl. 94. GENUS CHEROSCELIS, Nov. GEN., PROUT Cheroscelis, nov. gen. Prout, E Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus long, slender, second joint shortly rough-scaled beneath, third joint smooth, elongate (especially in the Q). Tongue present. Antenna less than one-half, in the c bipectinate to about two-thirds, in 9 shortly bipectinate (Palliata), ciliate (rubricorpus) or almost simple (oosfzla). Pectus hairy. Femora slightly hairy. Hindtibia in both sexes with terminal spurs only 2). Abdomen crested, in Q robust. Frenulum arising from before some basal expansion, in C moderate, in Q obsolescent. Forewing with costa slightly arched, more so towards apex, apex moder- ate, termen curved, oblique, waved, cell rather less than one-half, DC incurved, SC! usually free, occasionally anastomosing briefly with C, SC? normal, R! stalked (type. etc.) or separate, M! stalked (tvpe) or separate; hindwing with termen convex, typically well-prounded, waved or subcrenulate (in rubricorbus somewhat elbowed at R? and straighter in tornal half), cell less than one-half, DC? somewhat incurved, C approximated to, or even slightly anastomosing with cell near base (in Palliata point-anastomosing, then rapidly diverging), SC? stalked, R? normal, M! stalked. Early stages unknown. Evidently derived from a form akin to Arcihlora; in some respects may be compared with Comibaena, Spaniocenira, etc. The species included are not very perfectly homogeneous, and unfortu- nateiv only one balliata) 1$ known; but there is no difficulty in including them in a single genus. ) j 3 8 g.e g Type of the genus : C/heroscelis oospila, Prout. Geographical distribution of species. — .Ethiopian. 1) Weassume that Warren drew up his diagnosis from the true caZ/zoge, which is unknown to us; but it is quite likely that the caZ/iofe of Warren was truly oc&ezdeni, Druce, which has certainly been passing in collections under the name of ca/Zoze. and on which our own diagnosis is based. The two may possibly be geographical forms of a single species. 2) Unfortunately both hindlegs lost in the sole known example of the type species, butits relationship to 2«5ricormus is sufficiently close to justify our giving this character. 138 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 1. C. oospila, nov. sp. 1), Prout. Upper Congo. 2. C. falliata (Warren). Niger Coast. Rhomborista palliata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 16 (1898). Rhomborista ustipennis, Warren, ibidem, p. 236 (1898). 3. C. vubricorpus (Warren). Niger Coast, Kilima-njaro, CEnospila rubricorpus, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 235 (1898. Natal. Hemitlea. plagiata, Aurivillius, Schwed. Zool. Exped. Kilimanjaro (9j P. 39, t. 2, f. ro (1910) (nov. syn.). 95. GENUS HETEROCRITA, WARREN Heterocrita. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 445 (19ot). Characters 2). — Face smooth. Palpus with second joint rough-scaled above and beneath, in Q reaching well beyond frons, third joint in Q moderate, shortly rough-scaled 3). Tongue deve- loped. Antenna in gf (?) 4), in Q nearly simple. Pectus hairy. Hindtibia with the spurs unequal, the outer median inclining to obsolescence. Abdomen sometimes with slight dorsal crests. Frenulum wanting or vestigial in Q (will certainly be present in the cf). Forewing with costa slightly arched at base and towards apex, nearly straight between, apex rather acute, termen curved, oblique, faintly waved. cell not quite one-half, DC? curved, becoming very oblique, SC! from cell, anastomosing at a point or connected with C or free, SC? normal, sometimes anastomosing at a point with SC!, R! connate or approximated, M! rather widely separate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen slightly toothed at the vein-ends, more strongly so at Rl and R?, with a slight or stronger excision between these latter, cell less than. one-half, DC? somewhat incurved anteriorly, very oblique posteriorly, C approximated to cell to nearly or quite one-half, SC? stalked, M! rather widely separate. Early stages unknown. Type of the genus : Helerocrita araria (Guenée) — Racheospila araria, Guenée (1901). Geographical distribution of species, — 5. Africa, ? Madagascar. I. H. araría (Guenée). Namaqua Land. Racheospila araria, Guenée, Spec..Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 373 (1858). Heterocrita araria, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 445 (1901). 2. H. discerpta (Walker) (huj. gen.?). Cape. Geometra discerpta, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 513(1861). 1) Cheroscelis oospila, nov. sp. — 9, 35 mm. Head and face green, vertex broadly white between antennz. Palpus murked witli red above, whitish beneath. Antennal shaft basally white above, distally red. Thorax green. Fore- and middle- legs mostly red on outer side. Abdomen ventrally white, dorsally purple-brown at base, thence whitish densely speckled with purple-brown ; crests strong, darker purple-brown with a slight metallic lustre. Wings bright green, slightly tinged with bluish. Forewing with costal edge narrowly whitish, tinged with fleshy ochreous; a very small pale discal spot, partly edged with red ; two terminal blotches of fleshy ochreous, narrowly and vaguely margined with red, then more broadly with purple- fuscous, the anterior blotch reaching from SC* to near R?, i!s proximal edge about 3,5 mm. from termen, the posterior blotch much larger, its proximal edge from inner margin at two-thirds, oblique basewards, then curved and sinuous, crossing KR? at just beyond extremity of cell, thence oblique to termen at M1, but with a subquadrate excision before reaching termen, both blotches slightly irrorated with reddish and fuscous, except proximally ; terminal line thick, blackish, interrupted by the vein-ends, fringe pale ochreous with a chequering of reddish mixed with fuscous. Hindwing similar, the discal spot less edged with red, the blotches smaller, the tornal scarcely larger than the central, an additional elongate blotch along inner margin from near base, bounded by vein M as far asthe origin of M?, its boundary thence irregularly oblique to inner margin at about three-fifths, inner-marginal fringe continuing reddish. Under surface much paler, the same markings present, but shadowy, costa of forewing more ochreous. Upper Congo, 1907 (A. F. R. Wollaston). Type in coll. Brit. Mus. (in excellent condition). We have described the unique specimen very exactly, but probably the blotches will prove to vary, as in most of the allies. In any case, the scarcely ciliated antenna and the shape of the hindwing (rounded, almost crenulate) will distinguish it abundantly from rubricorfpus. 2) Here agu'n Warren has erected a genus on a little-known species of Guenée's, and our diagnosis, drawn up from Zorazaía, may require modification, or the genus may have to be dropped. Guenée's type of araria, M. Oberthür writes us, is in such bad condition that he would advocate rejecting the name; he does not think it is identical with Koranaía, but there seems to be at least a near alliance. 3) If discerpía be really referable to this genus, the palpus must be variable, for in that species it has the terminal joint quite small and concealed in both sexes. 4! Warren says « thick, lamellate, with clavate teeth beneath »; they are pectinate in déscerfía. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 139 3. H. horanata (Felder). Cape to Transvaal. Rahaeospila (?) koranata, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het.t. 127, f. 14 (1875). 4- H.. cinctuta (Saalmüller) (huj. gen. ?). Madagascar. Nemoria cinctuta, Saalmüller, Lep. Madag. (2), p. 495, t. 14, f. 279 (1891). 96. GENUS CULPINIA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Culpinia, nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus shortish-moderate, second joint rough-scaled, third joint in gf quite small, in 9 slightly longer. Tongue present. Antenna in cf. bipectinate almost to apex with moderate, in Q merely subserrate. Pectus hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in Cf scarcely dilated, but with a small pencil of hairs, median spurs wanting; in Q with all spurs, the medians variable in development, sometimes apparently vestigial. Abdomen not appreciably crested. Frenulum present in gf, sometimes rather well developed, often weak and colourless, always arising from before strong basal expansion; in Q wanting. Forewing with costa arched, apex rather acute, termen straight or even faintly incurved anteriorly, curved or bent in middle and becoming strongly oblique, cell less than one-half, DC? deeply incurved, becoming very oblique, SC! from cell (sometimes almost connate with SC**), anastomosing with C or free, SC? normal, not approaching SC!, R! connate or short-stalked, M! connate or short-stalked; hindwing with apex rounded, termen produced to a tooth at Rland a stronger one at R?, excised between, tornus moderate, cell short, DC curved, C anastomosing with cell ata point or very shortly near base, then moderately rapidly diverging, SC? short-stalked, M! connate or usually stalked (Pl. 3, Fig. 13). G' genitalia : uncus pointed, with socii of equal length, gnathos pointed, almost atrophied. harpe rounded, sacculus considerably extended, with small scobinations, from the costa of harpe arise long clubbed scales; penis pestillate, narrow below, wider above, vesica with two short cornuli ; related to T/Aalera, and apparently to Mricroloxia. Early stages unknown. Dedicated to Dr. M. Culpin, of Shanghai, to whom we are indebted for material in its type species, as well as other Eastern species. An interesting genus, on account of its singularly exact super- hicial likeness to the well-known T/alera, of which it must certainly be regarded as the parent. In this instance the structure has advanced without the slightest change of facies. In Culfinia the c frenulum is present, sometimes even rather strong, the Q preserves (at least usually) the median spurs, while both frenulum and median spurs are entirely lacking in. TAalera; TAalera has further specialized in the shortening of the palpus, the tendency to stronger anastomosis of C of hindwing with cell, and the pectination of the Q antenna ; the other differences in venation, although among characters which are known to be variable, are by no means slight in the aggregate. The tibial armature would suggest a possible connection with the Hemilhea-group. Type of the genus : Culpinia diffusa (Walker) — TAalera diffusa, Walker. Geographical distribution of species, — Eastern Palcarctic. 1. C. diffusa (Walker). Japan to Amur and China. T'halera diffusa, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 597 (1861). Thalera crenulata, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 1, p. 399 (1878); Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 3, p. 37. t. 50, f. 2 (1879). TAalera vufolimbaria, Hedemann, Hor. Soc, Ent. Ross. Vol. 14. p.312, 0.3, f. 5 (1879). 140 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 97. GENUS CHLOROPARDA, NOV. GEN. PROUT hic ponendum?) Chloroparda (Warren, MS.), nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus minute, rough-scaled. Tongue very small and slender. Antenna in Q bipectinate. Hindtibia in Q with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not appreciably crested. Frenulum (in gf?)in Q wanting, basal expansion of hindwing strong. Forewing with costa arched, apex acutely produced, termen concave to R?, there produced, thence verv stronglv oblique, faintly sinuous, tornus obtuse, cell less than one-half, DC? deeply inbent, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C, SC?5 stalked, SC? given off much before SC?, SC? not approaching SC!, R! well separate, R? from very near R!, M! separate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen somewhat sinuous and produced to strong teeth at R! and R?, deeply excised between, tornus moderate, cell short, DC? incurved, C touching cell near base, rather gradually diverging, SC? stalked, R? from very near Rl, M! separate. Early stages unknown. It is unfortunate to be compelled to found a genus upon a species of which we only have the O before us, but the combination of characters marks it out as abundantly distinct. Should the c frenulum prove to be absent, it must be transferred to the vicinity of TAalera, from which it differs widely in venation, but little otherwise. A similarity (perhaps more than superficial) to Bat&ycolfodes has induced us to place it here. Excepting LatAochlora — which likewise is known in the Q sex only — it seems to bear no really near relationship to any of the genera which share with it the peculiar subcostal venation. Spaniocentra, which has likewise lost the median spuis, has very different discocellulars and palpi, but the form of the wings in one or two of that genus and A4omborista suggest that all three genera may belong to a common stirps. Type of the genus : C/Aloroparda palliplagtata (Walker) T halassodes Palliplagiata, Walker. Geographical distribution of species. — Burma. 1. C. falliplagiata (Walker). "TT halassodes palliplagiata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1563 (1862). Chlorodontopera palliplagiata, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 483 (1895). Burma. 98. GENUS BATHYCOLPODES, Nov. GEN., PROUT Bathycolpodes, nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — l'ace smooth. Palpus in both sexes small, slender, second joint shortly rough- scaled, third joint minute. Tongue usually rudimentary. Antenna in both sexes ciliated, either simply or in more or less strongly pedicellate fascicles 1). Pectus somewhat hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in gf somewhat dilated with hair-pencil, no terminal process, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen crested, only the first crest usually strong. Frenulum in cj strong, but from before basal expansion, in OQ vestigial. Forewing with costa arched, termen usually excised below apex, elbowed (usuallv strongly) at R?, very oblique posteriorly, tornus not pronounced, cell less than one-half, DC? incurved, very oblique posteriorly, SC! from cell, free or anastomosing shortly with C, SC? normal, R! usually short-stalked, sometimes connate, R* from above middle of DC, M! stalked; hindwing with apex rounded, termen toothed (usuallv strongly) at R! and R?, excised between, tornus moderately 1) Only in a»£sofes shortly bipectinate. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE I4I pronounced, cell less than one-half, DC? oblique posteriorly, C approximated or point-anastomosing near base, usually rapidly diverging, R? very characteristic, M! stalked. Early stages unknown. Type of the genus : Ba/Lycolpodes marginata (Walker) — Efisothalma marginata, Warren. Geographical distribution of species. — W. rica. 1. B. marginata (Warren). Sierra Leone. Episothalma marginata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 38 (1897). 2. B. semigrisea (Warren). — Pl. 4, Fig. 6. Congo, Ashanti. Episothalma semigrisea, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 38 (1897). 3. B. excavata (Warren). Nigeria, Ashanti. Episothalma excavata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 234 (1898). 4. B. subfustata (Warren). Nigeria. Episothalma subfuscata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. o, p. 494 (1902). 5. B. kabaria (Swinhoe). Sierra Leone. Episothalma kabaria, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 541 (1904). 6. B. vegeta, nov. sp. 1), Prout. S. Nigeria. 7. B. accelopa, nov. sp.2), Prout. S. Nigeria. 5. B. anisotes, nov. sp. 3), Prout. W. Africa. Episothalma subfuscata, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 542 (1904 (indescr.; nec Warren). 99. GENUS CHLORODREPANA, WARREN Chlorodrepana. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 22 (1898). - NO B tp * . Characters. — lace smooth. Palpus minute. Tongue rudimentary. Antenna in both sexes simple, slightly pubescent. Pectus hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in cf somewhat dilated with 1) Bathycolpodes vegeta, nov. sp. — C, 24 mm. Face and palpus blackish, the latter rather longer than in most of the genus. Antenna red-brown proximallv, blackish distally, the teeth quite slight, ciliation regular. Vertex red-brown, blackish posteriorly. Thorax green. Abdomen marked with green (discoloured). Forewing with termen crenulate, shghtly excised between R! and R?, gibbous at R? and Mt, then very oblique; rather dark blue-green, costa red-brown coarsely spotted with black, termen with red-brown, black-sprinkled and coarsely black-edged, crescentic markings, the first between apex and SC*, the second between SC* and R!, the third (larger) between R! and R?, the last (a moderate-sized blotch at tornus) reaching to M*; a very feebly indicated, diffuse darker green cell-spot; terminal line black; fringe brown, tinged with red and chequered with black at the vein-ends. Hindwing rather elongate, the teeth at R! and R? strong, the excision between deep; similar to forewing, but with the anterior two blotches larger, confluent, and the tornal one very small. Underside dirty pale green, the forewing somewhat clouded (except at margins) with greyish; cell-spots conspi- cuous, fuscous, terminal markings nearly as above, but paler, centred with the ground-colour instead of with reddish, their dark edges broad and difluse. Ilesha, S. Nigeria (L. E. H. Humífrey). iype in coll. Brit. Mus. Nearest to £abarza, Swinhoe, the shape more extreme (intermediate towards excavafa), the dark borders narrower, underside greenish not pink, etc. 2) Bathyco podes acoelopa, nov. sp. — d,22 mm. Face an | palpus black, mixed with red. Vertex and antenna reddish ochreous, the pedicels of the fascicles of cilia elongate, forming slender, rudimentary pectinations. Occiput paler ochreous, margined anteriorly by a narrow black band on crown. 'Fhorax and base of abdomen green dorsally, the rest of body, wi: h legs, ochreous somewhat mixed with reddish; a deep brown-red lateral streak on second abdominal segmen., slightly margined beneath with green. Forewing with termen not excavated in anterior half, merely very feebly sinuate; blue-green, costal margin from SC pale ochreous, becoming much redder costally, coarsely speckled with blackish; terminal one-third pale ochreous, clonded with darker, especially in its middle, and speckled with blackish, a blackish mark near costa and an elongate blackish blotch from tornus ; the green:area is bounded by a blackish line from costa at three-fourths to inner margin at two-thirds, dentate outwards on the veins (most weakly on R3) and slightly incurved between radials and in submedian area; the space immediately following the line is narrowly whitish; no distinct terminal line; fringe ochreous. Hindwing with the tooth at R! and the excision rather slight; similar to forewing, but with the blackish line bounding the green area not dentate, but slightly incurved from apex at two thirds, then more strongly outcurved, approaching termen at M? and still more closely at tornus, slightly recurved between; the tornal blackish blotch very minute, an elongate one, on the other hand, running from apex to R1; inner margin very narrowly ochreous nearly to base. Underside of forewing with basal two-thirds vaguely clouded with reddish except at inner margin, costal edge red, terminal area nearly as above, but with the fuscous blotch extended (though gradually narrowing and becoming slightiy interrupted) from tornus to SC4; of hindwing with the fuscous blotch from costa to beyond R?. Ilesha, S. Nigeria (L. E. H. Humífrey). Type:n coll. Brit. Mus. 3) Bathycolpodes anisotes, nov. sp. — O9, 28 mm. Face dull red. Palpus dull red above, ochreous beneath. Tongue developed. Antenna with short, but true pectinations, bearing cilia. Head reddish, with a black band across crown. Thorax green above. Abdomen pale ochreous brown, the crests well developed, tinged with reddish. Forewing with termen very weakly crenulate, not excised below apex; rather dark bluish green; costa light ochreous, shaded with red, and coarsely speckled with blackish ; distal margin for an average width of 2,5 mm. ochreous, centrally traversed by a red-brown shade, and irregularly speckled with blackish, the speckling sometimes concentrated close to tornus to form a vague blotch ; proximal edge of this margin marked by a narrow white, proximally finely fuscous-edged line which is toothed outwards on SC* and R!, incurved between radials and again posteriorly to M1, toothed again on M? and SM?; terminal dark spots between the veins; fringe ochreous. Hindwing with termen subcrenulate, the tooth at R! acute, but the excision following not very deep; coloured as forewing, the ochreous margin broadest in anterior half, and sometimes with a. curved grey blotch from apex to R?. Underside much paler and more uniforn, but with the tornal blotch of forewing and apical of hindwing strong fuscous, thelatter extended to beyond R?. W. Africa (Bonny). Type in Oxford Museum, ex coll. Saunders. Old Calabar (S. D. Crompton). Co-type in coll. Brit. Mus. Nearly allied to the preceding species, but differing somewhat in shape and in the form of the terminal bands. and especially in the pectinate antenna. 142 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA hair-pencil, but without process, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen slightly or moderately crested. Frenulum in gf fairly strong, from before slight basal expansion, in OQ vestigial. Forewing broad, with costa arched, apex falcate, termen little oblique, tornus pronounced, cell rather less than one-half, DC incurved, SC! from cell, free, SC? normal, R! just stalked, R? rather above middle, M! stalked : hindwing with termen bent at R!, thence rather straight, waved, tornus pronounced, cell rather short, DC? slightly incurved, C anastomosing with cell at a point near base, thence moderately diverging, SC? stalked, R? very characteristic; M! stalked. Early stages unknown. Almost certainly a close relative of Bathycolfodes, in spite of the different shape ; agrees practically in every other character. Type of the genus : Chlorodrepana vothi, Warren (1899) Geographical distribution of species, — WW. Aírica, I. C. rolhi, Warren. Niger Coast, Cameroons. Chlorodrepana rothi, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 22 (1899). 2. C. angustimargo, Warren. Sierra Leone. Chlorodrepana angustimargo, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 7 (1901). 100. GENUS HYPOCCELA, WARREN Hypocoela 1). Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4. p. 41 (1897). Characters. — Face smooth, somewhat rounded. Palpus in c rather short, second joint shortly scaled, third joint small; third joint in Q elongate. Tongue present. Antenna in both sexes bipectinate to two-thirds, in gf with moderate (in Aumidaria longish) branches, in Q with short branches. Pectus hairy. Hindtibia in c not dilated, in both sexes with four rather approximated spurs. Abdomen usually somewhat crested. Frenulum in cf typically rather strong, but short (in some species more slender, arising from before basal expansion, in Q wanting or vestigial. Forewing with apex falcate, or with a small rounded excision between R! and R', cell less than one-half, produced apically, DC? deeply incurved, very oblique posteriorly, SC! free, or anastomosing briefly with C, SC? normal, R! connate, M! connate, approximated or very shortly stalked; hindwing with termen rounded, or with a small tail at R3, inner margin long, cell less than one-half, DC oblique posteriorly, C anastomosing at a point, or appressed, continuing approximated for a little, then moderately divergent, SC* stalked (sometimes almost connate), M! stalked. Early stages unknown. We have extended this genus to include (at least provisionally) species of somewhat varying shape and facies, but tolerablv uniform structure. They share with the two preceding genera a rather strong build, firm texture of wings, with thick but smooth scaling, the coloration generally a good deal variegated, and different on the two surfaces. The pectinate antenna (in both sexes, so far as known) distinguishes the present genus. Tyne of the genus : /ypocoela subfulva, Warren (1897). 1) The generic name ZZv4ocoe/rs has been thrice used in zoologzy, commencing with Eschscholtz (1836, Co/eog£era), but the form 7Zygocoe/a is not preoccupied. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 143 Geographical distribution of species. — Ethiopian. . H. subfulva, Warren. — PI. 4, Fig. 8. H»ypocoela subfulva, Waxren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 41 (1897). Hypocoela uniformis, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 12, p. 385 (1905) (ab. ?) (nov. syn.). Im iger, Cameroons, Uganda. 2. H. humidaria (Swinhoe). Madagascar. Tanaorhinus humidaria, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 542 (1904). 3. H. turpisaria (Swinhoe). Nigeria. Thalera (2) turpisaria, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 546 (1904). 4. H. semirufa (Druce). Cameroons. Agatha (2) semirufa, Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), Vol. 7, p. 293 (1911). 5. H. zapluta, nov. sp. 1). Prout. Uganda. IOI. GeNUS ANTHARMOSTES, WARREN Antharmostes. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 21 (1899). Characters. — Face smooth, Palpus moderate, second joint moderately rough-scaled above and beneath, third joint in c small, in Q quite moderate, partly concealed. Tongue present. Antenna in cf bipectinate to beyond one-half with rather short branches, then becoming dentate-ciliate and finally simply ciliated; in Q nearly simple. Pectus moderately hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in c dilated, with hair-pencil, in both sexes with four unequal spurs, only the inner median long. Hind- tarsus in cf short. Abdomen usually slightly crested. Frenulum in gf moderately strong, from before slight basal expansion, retinaculum rather near base of forewing; Q frenulum wanting (in fafilio appar- ently vestigial). Forewing with costa arched in distal half, apex acute, termen faintly waved, usually somewhat bent or elbowed in middle, cell less than one-half, DC curved, SC! free, SC? normal, R! very shortly stalked or separate, M! about connate; hindwing with termen faintly waved and with a tail at R?, tornus pronounced, inner margin long, cell short, DC? inbent, C closely approximated to cell to near one-half, rapidly diverging, SC? stalked (exceptionally connate), M! stalked. Early stages unknown. 'The more normally-shaped form (imteralbicams) comes very near to Gelasma, and is not easy to differentiate definitely therefrom on the characters at present used, the abdominal crests being inconstant and always very slight; yet it is a question whether the generic relationship is really close. Type of the genus : Antharmostes mesoleuca, Warren (1899;. Geographical distribution of species. — Tropical Africa. I. A. mesoleuca, Warren, Niger Coast. Antharmostes mesoleuca, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6. p. 21 (1899). 0 Hypbocoela zapluta, nov. sp. — 5,29 mm. Palpus quite short (less than diameter of eye), tongue apparently more or less aborted. Antennal pectinations very short. Abdomen with small but distinct crests. Face blackish, mixed with reddish fuscous. Tip of palpus and outside of foreleg reddish fuscous, darker marked. Thorax above concolorous with forewing, abdomen above reddish fuscous, the crests darker. Forewing broad, apex produced but rounded, termen with rounded excision between SC* and R3; olive-green, mixed, especially along veins, with reddish fuscous, the distal one-third, from R! to inner margin, more densely mixed with reddish fuscous, which here becomes the prevailing hue; some indistinct darker marks at the anterior proximal edge of this terminal shade. Hindwing elongate, termen slightly incurved from. R* to R?, where it is produced to a strong angle or tail; bright orange, more reddish towards base; terminal area broadly reddish fuscous from the tail to inner margin, broadening slightly at the latter; inner margin very narrowly olive-green to near base, somewhat marked with fuscous. Both wings beneath bright orange, forewing with a dark discal spot and a series of large dark interneural spots from costa to R? at 2,5 mm. from termen. Fringes dark grey. Entebbe, Uganda, 1905 (E. A. Minchin). Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Related to /zrfisaria, with which it agrees in shape; but differing in the aberrant palpus, sharper tail of hindwing und much brighter coloration; se»rzfa is probably a still closer relative, but with a broad dark marginal band beneath. In the forewing SC! anastomoses with C, R*is separate, in the hindwing SC? is connate, or barely stalked. 144 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 2. A. marginata (Warren). Ashanti to Uganda. Chlorostrota marginata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 36 (1897) 1). Antharmostes mesoleuca ab. semimarginata, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 6, p. 290 (1899) (ab. ?) (nov. syn.). Antharmostes mesoleuca ab. marginata, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p- 586 (1904) (in err. pro semimarginata). Antharmostes fuscimargo, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol.'16, p. 112 (1909) (ab. ?) (nov. syn.). Thalera violetta, Bastelberger, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 441 (1909) (ab. ?) (nov. syn.). 3. A. intevalbicaus, Warren. — Pl. 4, Fig. |. Ashanti to Congo. Autharmosies interalbicans, Waxren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 493 (1902). 4. A. papilio, nov. sp. 2), Prout (vix huj. gen. ?). German E. Africa. Il02. GENUS PERITHALERA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Perithalera, nov. gen, Prout. Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in c rather short, in 9 greatly elongate, second joint smooth-scaled, third joint in cf quite small, in Q extremely long. Tongue slight. Antenna in c bipec- tinate with moderate branches, in Q dentate, ciliate. Hindtibia in cf greatly dilated, with strong hair-pencil, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in c arising before basal expansion, in Q obsolete. Forewing with costa straight to near apex, then arched, apex squared, termen strongly ventricose, waved or subcrenulate, becoming very oblique, tornus moderate, cell less than one-half, DC incurved, very oblique posteriorly, SC! from cell, anastomosing strongly with C, SC? normal, anastomosing with SC!, Rl about connate, R? from above middle of DC, M! approximated to R?; hindwing with apex weak, termen waved or subcrenulate, strongly ventricose, bent at R! and again at R3, cell rather short, DC? incurved anteriorly, C appressed or anastomosing with SC at a point near base, then strongly diverging, SC? short.stalked, R? very characteristic, M! connate or short- stalked. Early stages unknown. 'The single species was placed by Warren in TAalera, but has little in common therewith excepting the marking of the fringes. Essential differences are the presence of frenulum and of median spurs, the long palpus and anastomosis of C of hindwing at a point only. Its actual affinities are uncertain. Type of the genus : Perilhalera oblongata (Warren) — TAalera oblongata, Warren. Geographical distribution of species. — WV Virica. 1. P. oblongata (Warren). "T halera oblongata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 17 (1898 1) C4oroteras marginata on type label 2) Antharmostes (;) papilio, nov. sp. — O 9, 4o mm. Nearly of the size, shape and structure of »a gija(a, Warren, yj with termen of forewing somewhat more excised below apex, more sharply angled at R?, c? with termen of forewing almost smooth; tail of hindwing well developed; Cf antennal pectinations much longer than in the allies; palpus rather sherter (in both sexes only about as long as diameter of eye). Face dark red. mixed with white beneath ; vertex and shaft of antenna brown-red, occiput green. I horax green, paler beneath. Abdomen dorsally pale reddish, the small crests slightly deeper-coloured. Wings bright bluish green, with slightly darker green elongate discal marks, and with broad, pale brown-reddish borders, which are irregularly mottled and strigulated with darker brown-red and purplish : that on forewing about 5 mm. in width, limited anteriorly by R? excepting a small projection across that vein at some distance from termen, proximal edge formed by a. dark line which bends towards termen between R* and M!: that of hindwing slightly narrower, but reaching to costa, its proximal edge approaching termen between R?and Mt, thence somewhat dentate, and finally running very narrowly along inner margin almost to base ; both wings with a fine dark terminal line, that of hindwing thickened and brightened with dark red between the veins and accompanied by a rather large dark spot at the base of the tail. Under surface much paler, forewing with a broad, cloudy purple- fuscous submarginal band from R! to tornus, hindwing with faint traces of the marginal band of upperside. Magila, German E. Africa, May roth, 1898, type (Q) in coll. Brit. Mus. ; Victoria Nyanza, c (much worn , co-type in coll. Brit. V us. In the 2 example SC? of the hindwing is (probably exceptionally) connate instead of stalked., FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 145 IO3. GeNUus CHRYSOCHLOROMA, WARREN Chrysochloroma. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 288 (1896). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in cf quite moderate, second joint densely scaled beneath, third joint in cf small, short-scaled, deflexed, in 9 long. Tongue strong. Antenna in Q bipectinate with long branches, apical part nearly simple; in Q nearly simple. Pectus densely hairy. Femora hairy. Hindtibia in c not dilated, terminal spurs unequal, medians rather approximated to the termi- nals, usually strongly unequal, the outer usually very small, sometimes wanting 1r). Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in cf rather strong. but arising before a basal expansion; in O vestigial, apparently sometimes wanting. Wings densely and opaquely sealed. Forewing broad, with costa very slhghtly arched (usually straight in middle). apex somewhat acute, at least in OQ, termen oblique, smooth, slightly curved (sometimes straight in anterior part), tornus rather pronounced, cell somewhat less than one-half, DC incurved, SC! usually free, bending twice, so as to approach successively C and SC?, occasionally with brief anastomosis at the points of approach, SC? normal, R! stalked 2), R? from clóse to apex of cell, M'connate or approximated; hindwing subquadrate, apex moderately pronounced, termen subcrenulate or nearly smooth, augled at R?, tornus pronounced, sometimes even slightly produced, inner margin long, cell short, DC straight or slightly curved, never extremely oblique, C approximated to cell for some distance, then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R? from close to R!, M! stalked (Pl. 3, Fig. 15). c genitalia : uncus pointed, with large socii; gnathos almost atrophied ; harpe angulated; cucullus pointed; penis pestillate (megaloftera). Early stages apparently undescribed. The larvze of C. megalopiera have been found by Mr. F. P. Dodd, in North Queensland, in the nests of the green tree-ant. "This genus, though probably akin to Gelasma, differs quite sufficiently to require separation. Apart from the presence of a vestigial Q frenulum, and perhaps rather greater strength of that of the c, which suggests a position less advanced in the genealogical tree, there are several minor points of distinction, although the structural variations in Gelasma naturally bring about, now and then, a nearer approach to CArysochloroma in one or another of them. The second joint of the palpus is stouter, densely scaled, but without separate frojecting hair-scales; the third joint in the cf is more deflexed, in the Q it is quite long, while it is rarely even longish in Gelasma; SC! of the forewing is on the whole more bicurved; R? of both wings arises quite close to apex of cell; the scaling is always dense and opaque in Chrysochloroma, nearly always less so — often quite fine and iridescent — in Gelasma; the cf hindleg in Gelasma is usually dilated with hair-pencil, in CArysocAhloroma this is not the case, but on the other hand there is a strong tendency to abortion of the outer median spur. 'The resemblance of CArysochloroma to Orntlhospila, although it is superficially so considerable as to have misled Swinhoe (.Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 403) into sinking megaloftera to O. submonstrans (!), is not at all close structurally. Type of the genus : C/irysochloroma meekt, Warren (1896). 1) There is certainly variability in this character, not only between different species, but within the limits of a single species; thus in megaloptera we have seen the spur almost entirely wanting or only somewhat shorter than the inner median; this is independent of sex. 2) Turner (Proc. Linm. Soc. AV. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 6ro) says sometimes connate, and is too accurate an observer to be suspected of a mistake, but we think his observation probably refers to or£AoZes»a, which we do not place in this genus; it is hard to believe that in true CAyso- chloroma, with R? arising so near the apex of the cell, R! would be other than stalked, and we have certainly seen no exception. In Ge/asnma eumixis, which is a very close ally of orZAodes»:ia, we have observed R! sometimes connate. 146 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCER3 Geographical distribution of species. — New Guinea (with islands) to N* Oueensland. I. C. mecki, Warren. 'Trobriand Islands. Chrysochloroma meeki, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 288 (1896). 2. C. megaloptera (Lower). — PI. 4, Fig. 2. N. Queensland to Ke Island. Euchloris megaloptera, Lower, 'Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 18, p. 87 (1894). CArysochloroma subalbida, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 364 (1896). Euchloris hypoleucus, Lower, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 22, p. 263 (1897). Chrysochloroma megaloptera, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 422 (1898). 3. C. electrica, Warren. Britishand Dutch New Gui- CArysochloroma electrica, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 363 (1806). nea, Ron Island. 4. C. rubritincta, Warren. British New Guinea, Wai- Chrysochloroma subalbida rubritincta, Warren. Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 364 geu. (1896). Ornithospila rubritincta, Swinhoe, "Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 675 (1902). 5. C. nubecula, Warren. Sariba Island (British New Chrysochloroma nubecula, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. 421 (1905). Guinea). I0O4. GENUS GELASMA, WARREN Gelasma. Warren, Proc. Zool. 5oc. Lond. p. 352 (1893). Thalerura (Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. t, p. 392, indescr.), Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 175 (1894). Characters. — Face smooth, or slightly roughened below. Palpus moderate to longish (rather short in convallata, both sexes), second joint moderately rough-scaled (usually with some projecting hair-scales above and beneath), third joint smooth, in cf more or less short, in Q shortish to moderate, very rarely long. Tongue present. Antenna moderate, in c bipectinate, typically with long, coarse, iong-ciliated pectinations, which diminish with great suddenness, apical one-third (less in znvidens and perhaps a few others) nearly simple; in Q nearly simple, lamellate. Pectus slightly to moderately hairy. Femora usually glabrous. Hindtibia in C! usually dilated with hair-pencil. in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in cf slender, but of good length, arising from before rounded basal expansion; in Q wanting. Wings usually smoothly scaled, not infrequently somewhat iridescent. Forewing with costa usuallv arched, apex acute, termen oblique, straight or slightly curved, cell less than one-half, DC incurved, SC! from cell, or occasionallv connate or short-stalked, usually free, SC? normal, very rarely anastomosing at a point with SC!, R! connate or shortsstalked, R? from above middle of DC, M! approximated to R?; hindwing with termen entire or weakly subcrenulate, angled or tailed at R?, tornus pronounced, inner margin long, cell short, DC curved, becoming oblique, C approximated to cell for some distance (very rarely with slight anastomosis), then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R? characteristic, M! stalked (in cowami sometimes connate). C genitalia : uncus pointed, with rounded socii; gnathos pointed, very slightly scobinated ; harpe simple, with raised fold; vinculum with slight central projection at the base; penis pestillate; eighth sternite double lobed. Apparently related to Prasinocyma, Iodis, etc. Early stages apparently unknown. We have given, under the preceding genus, some notes on the differentiation of Ge/asma there- from. From Prasinocymá, to which it is still more closely related, it may generally be distinguished by the shape of the hindwing, that of Prasinocyma being very seldom at all definitely quadrate or elbowed, and oftenest perfectly rounded; the shorter third joint of the Q palpus (only at all elongate in a few FAM. GEOMETRIDJ/E 147 species, as frotrusa, inaptaria, submacularía and. the viridaurea-group) offers usually a further distinction, as does also the nature of the c antennal pectinations; but it must be admitted that the two genera are not always very sharply defined. T/alerura, with the tail of hindwing on the whole more pronounced, we have found quite untenable. Type of the genus : Gelasma (hetydaria ((yuenée) — Iodis thetydaria, Guenée (1893). Geographical distribution of species. — Indo-Malayan Region (straggling into the Eastern Palearctic), Madagascar. 1. G. thetydaría (Guenée). India, W. China, Philip- Iodis thetydaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 358 (1858). T'halassodes bifasciata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1562 (1862). TAhalera bifasciata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 637 (1867). Gelasma thetydaria, Warren, ibidem, p. 352 (1893). . G. dissimulata (Walker). Thalassodes dissimulata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 551 (1861). Thalerura marginata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 392 (1894. 3. G. illiturata (Walker) (praec. var. ?). Thalassodes illiturata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1563 (1862). 4. G. acutissima (Walker). Thalera acutissima, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p.596 (1861). Thalassodes acutissima, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 512 (1895). 5. G. goniaria (Felder) (prec. var.?). India. Timandra goniaria, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 128, f. 3 (1875). Thalera aculeata, Hampson, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol.8, p. 109, t. 150, f. 5 (1891). Thalerura goniaría, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 175 (1894). Thalassodes acutissima (part.), Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3. p. 512 (1895) tnec Walker). 6. G. veninotata (Warren) (praec. var. ?). pines. l2 Borneo to N. India, Ceylon. E. China, Japan. Ceylon. Assam. Thalerura veninotata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1. p. 678 (1894). 7. G. inapíaria (Walker). N. India. Thalassodes inaptaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1560 (1862). Thalassodes urapteraria, Walker, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 1608 (1866). Thalerura urapteraria, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 175 (1894). Thalassodes inaptaria, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 513 (1895). Thalerura inaptaria, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 403 (1900). 8. G. glaucaria (Walker). N., India, Tibet. Thalera glaucaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 35, p. 1613 (1866). Thalassodes glaucaria. Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 6, p. 215(1880). 9. G. ambigua (Butler). Thalassodes ambigua, Butler, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2, p. 49. t. 36, f. 6 (1878). Thalera ambigua, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 244 (1897). IO. G. frotrusa (Butler). TThalera protrusa. Butler, Il. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2, p. 50, t. 36, f. 10 (1878). Ir. G. cowant (Butler). Japan. Japan, Amur. Madagascar. Thalera cowani, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 5, p. 390 (1880). Gelasma cowani, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 545 (1904). 12. G. centrophylla (Meyrick). ' Iodis centrophylla, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2). Vol. 2, p. 880 (1888). Iodis angulata, Lucas, ibidem, Vol. 3, p. 1264 (1888). Prasinocyma centrophylla, 'Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 599 (1910). E. and S. E. Australia. 148 r3. I4. p5 16. I7. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA G. fatara (Druce) (vix huj. gen.) 1). Thalassodes patara, Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 577 (1888). Gelasma cyuthia, var., Warren, Novit. Vol. 9, p. 353 (1902) (nov. syn.). G. cyuthia, Warren (prec. form. ?). Gelasma cynthia, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 23 (1899) 2). G. grandificaria (Graeser). Nemoria grandificaria, Graeser, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 33, p. 266 (1890). Thalera grandificaria, Staudinger, Iris, Vol. 10, p. 11, t. 1, f. 3 (1897). Thalera colataria, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 245 (1897) (nov. syn.). G. griscoviridis, Warren. Gelasma griseoviridis, Warren, Proc. Zool Soc. Lond. p. 353, t. 31, f. 6 (1893). Thalassodes griseoviridis (part. Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 509 (1895). G. orthodesma (Lower). Euchloris orthodesma, Lower, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 18, p. 86 (1894). Thalassodes albifusa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 293 (1896) (nov. syn.). Chysochloroma orthodesma, "Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 612 (1910). G. eumixis (Prout) (prec. form.?). — Pl. 4, Fig. |l. Thalassodes eumixis, Prout, 'The Entomologist, Vol. 44. p. 27 (1911). G. prasina (Warren). Thalerura prasina, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 392 (1894). G. albistrigala, Warren. Gelasma albistrigata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 89 (1895). Hemithea flagellaria, Poujade, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 310, t. 6, f. 8 (1895). Hemithea flagellata, Poujade, ibidem, p. 315 (1895). TT halassodes albistrigata, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 242 (1897). Gelasma flagellaria, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 674 (1902) 3). G nigrifrons (Hampson). Thalassodes nigrifrons, Hampson, Fauna Ind, Moths, Vol, 4, p. 566 (1896). G. convallaia (Warren) (huj. gen. ?). Megalochlora convallata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 108 (1896). Euchloris convallata, Hampson, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 12, p. 90 (1898). . G. uemoriata (Staudinger) (huj. gen. ?). Phorodesma (?) nemoriata, Staudinger, Iris, Vol. 10, p. 9 (1897). Euchloris (?) nemoriata, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 3), p. 263 (1901). . G. submacularia (Leech). Thalassodes submacularia, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 2o, p. 242 (1897). . G. fuscipuncía, Warren. Gelasma fuscipuncta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 13 (1898). . G. sublustris, Warren. Gelasma sublustris, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 24 (1899). . G. unicolor, Warren. Gelasma unicolor, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 24 (1899). . G. viridaurea (Warren) 4). lodis viridaurea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 25 (1899). . G. ornatifimbria (Warren) (huj. gen. ?). CArysochloroma ornatifimbria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 10, p. 262 (1903). Solomon Islands. Santa Anna (Solomons). E. Siberia. N. India. N. Queensland, Fergusson Island, New Guinea. Dutch and British New Guinea. Bhutan. Japan, China. Cevlon. Khásis. Amur. W. China. Madagascar. Ron Island. Flores. Ron Island, Dutch New Guinea. Isabel Island. 1) Palpus in both sexes lonz, antenna rather long (over two-thirds), the pectinations not characteristic, forefemur hairy, termen (especially of hindwing) subcrenulate, etc. 2) CArysocAloroma cynt/tta on type label. 3) Warren's name was published in June, Poujade's not unt:] November, so that itis, we presume, by an oversight that Swinhoe has adopted the latter. 4) This species, ce»fropAy//a, costipicta, bicolor, commixta and probably &a/fea/a, seem to show in the slender (and often long) palpus, very slender frenulum and tendency to stalking of SC! with SC?*5 (at least in o/zidamrea) a rear approach to 7-dis ; but the presence of tbe frenulum prevents our placing them there. p ————— FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 149 3o. G. costipicia (Warren). British New Guinea. Iodis costipicta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 10, p. 358 (1903). 3r. G. imitans, Warren. British New Guinea. Gelasma imitans, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 87 (1906). 32. G. invidens, Warren. 3ritish New Guinea. Gelasma invidens, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 88 (1906). 33. G. spumata, Warren. British to Dutch New Gui- Gelasma spumata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 88 (1906). nea. 34. G. bicolor (Warren). British New Guinea. Iodis bicolor, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 88 (1906). 35. G. commixta (Warren). British New Guinea. Iodis commixta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 89 (1906). 36. G. caudipunctata, Warren. British New Guinea. Gelasma caudipunctata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 134 (1907). 37. G. balteata (Warren). British New Guinea. TAalassodes balteata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r4, p. 137 (1907). 38. G. subangulata (Wáàrren) (huj. gen.) British New Guinea. Thalerura subangulata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 137 (1907). 29. G. calaina (Turner) (huj. gen.?). Queensland. Prasinocyma calaina, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 600 (1910). 40. G. fuscifinbria, Prout. — PI. 4, Fig. 4. i Khásis. Gelasma fuscifimbria, Prout, The Entomologist, Vol. 44, p. 28 (1911). 41. G. melancholica, nov. sp. 1), Prout. Borneo, Singapore, ? For- 42. G. triplicifascia, nov, sp. 2). Prout (huj. gen.:). Madagascar. [mosa. 43. G. atrapophanes, nov. sp. 2). British New Guinea. l0O5. GENUs MESURODES, WARREN Mesurodes. Warren, Novit, Zool. Vol. 2, p. 89 (1895). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus very small and slender, second joint scarcely rough-scaled, third joint smooth, distinct. Tongue developed. Antenna (in gf unknown) in OQ lamellate, minutely ciliated. Pectus somewhat hairy. Femora scarcely hairy Hindtibia with terminal spurs only. Abdomen 1) Gelasma melancholica, nov. sp. — 3 9,21-25 mm. Face dark dull red, mixed with olive scales. Palpus similar, but more fuscous, pale beneath; third joint in Q long. Antenna light yellowish brown, shaft shortly whitish at base. Vertex and occiput olive-green, the former very narrowly white anteriorly. Thorax above concolorous with wings ; abdomen above somewhat paler; both beneath whitish. Wings broad, hindwing with termen slightly waved, right-angled at R?. Colour dark greyish olive. Forewing with costal edge narrowly deep ochreous, spotted with fuscous; two indistinct lunulate-dentate whitish lines, at approximately one-third and two-thirds, the postmedian becoming thick and distinct near inner margin ; a weakly indicated dark discal spot ; fringe concolorous (sometimes more fuscous), preceded by an indistinct, slender pale terminal line, which sometimes expands into whitish spots at the vein ends. Hindwing similar, without the antemedian line. Underside of forewing pale olive, with costal edge as above ; of hindwing whitish, sometimes unmarked, sometimes with a small darkened mark at apex; fringes fuscous. Sarawak (type, 9) and Matang, Borneo; Singapore, all (two c, three O) in coll. Brit. Mus. Goping, Perak, a dark aberration (5) in coll. Bastelberger. We have also seen a worn specimen from Formosa which is apparently reterable to the same species. 2) Gelasma 0?) triplicifascia, nov. sp. — &,29 mm. Face orange-red, paler below. Palpus short, red, paler beneath. Antennal shaft whitish, pectinations yellowish. Vertex white, occiput yellowish. Thorax yellowish above, paler beneath. Abdomen apparently pale yellowish (discoloured). Wings white, forewing somewhat more yellowish from costa to SC. Both wings with three narrow, pale tawny bands ; the first on forewing from below costa at two-thirds, obl'que to above inner margin at scarcely beyond one-half, widening posteriorly but becoming rather ill-defined ; on hindwing from about middle of costa almost straight towards anal angle, narrowing and joining second band before the angle; second band on both wings nearly parallel with termen, about 2,5 mm. distant therefrom ; third band close to termen. A fine terminal line of the same colour as the bands. Fringes white, slightly mixed with tawny. Both wings with a minute black cell-spot at about two-fifths. Under surface white, unmarked, costa of lorewing yellowish, deeper coloured in basal half. Ankaíana, Betsileo, Madagascar (Rev. Deans Cowan). Type in coll Brit. Mus. Generic position doubtiul. The palpus is quite short, and the hindwing only very weakly elbowed at R?, but too elongate for a CAZorocoma ; moreover the pattern is much more that of Ge/asma. Legs and antennz broken, but otherwise the specimen is in good condition, though it is jnst possible that the substitution of yellowish colour for green may be due to the action of moisture. The venation is normal (SC! of forewing free). 3) Gelasma atrapophanes, nov. sp. — 9, 38 mm. Closely similar to ezix:s, Prout, differing as follows : termen of hindwing more weakly angled at R?; forewing with basal green patch traversed near its distal edge by a very fine, direct, lunulate-dentate whitish line (this line in eumixis is sometimes absent, but when present it curves deeply basad along vein M); postmedian green band almost straight, parallel with termen, traversed close to its distal edge by a very fine, nearly straight, faintly denticulate whitish line, of which there is no trace in ezmixis; hindwing with a similarly fine whitish line traversing the postmedian band close to its distal edge, nearly straight in its azterior part, but forming sbarp angles on the veirs from R? to inner margin, nearly as in. ZXa/assodes; discal dot on both wings minute. Mount Kebea, British Central New Guinea, 6000 feet, March- April 1903 (A. E. Pratt). Type in coll. Brit. Mus. 150 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA not crested. Frenulum (in gf unknown) in 9 apparently entirely wanting. hindwing with marked costal expansion. Forewing with costa arched, apex not acute, termen faintly subcrenulate. gently curved, rather oblique, cell almost one-half, DC? vertical, DC? deeply incurved, strongly oblique posteriorlv, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C, SC? normal, well away from SC!, R! connate, R? from rather near Rl, M! approximated; hindwing quadrate, termen weakly subcrenulate, a smalltail at R?, tornus pronounced, with cell less than one-half, DC incurved, oblique posteriorly, C approximated to cell to near one-half, then moderately diverging, SC? short-stalked, R? from very near R!, M! stalked. Early stages unknown. The cf being unknown, and the unique Q of course not available for dissection, it is not possible to state with absolute certainty that the genus belongs in this vicinity, but its entire aspect suggests that itis probably a much more specialized development of CAysochloroma. The cf frenulum will almost certainly prove to be present. In any case the palpus, shape of wings, venation, etc., show that it has not the slightest connection with Emucrostes, with which Meyrick (working on the single character of the tibial armature) placed it, and we believe that Warren's genus Mesurodes, here provisionally adopted, will be found permanently necessary. Type of the genus : Mesurodes erichlora (Meyrick) — Eucrostis erichlora, Meyrick (1895). Geographical distribution of species. — ji. 1. M. erichlora (Meyrick). Fip. Eucrostis erichlora, Meyrick, "Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 203 (1886). Mesurodes erichlora, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 89 (1895). 106. GENUs PENTHEOCHLORA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Pentheochlora (Warren, MS ), nov, gen. Prout. Characters — Face smooth. Palpus in cf minute (shorter than diameter of eye), shortly rough- scaled (Q unknown). Tongue slender. Antenna in cf bipectinate nearly to apex, with longish branches. Pectus moderately hairy. Femora somewhat hairy. Hindtibia in cj not dilated, with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in gj present, arising before basal expansion. Forewing with costa some- what arched, apex rather acute, termen straight, not very oblique. tornus pronounced, cell not shortened, I)C incurved, strongly oblique posteriorly, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C, SC? normal, anastom- osing with SC!, R! very short-stalked, R? from above middle of cell. M! widely separate; hindwing subquadrate, with apex roundly squared, termen bent at R3, otherwise straight, tornus pronounced, cell not shortened, DC markedly oblique posteriorly, C appressed to cell at a point near base, thence diverging moderately, SC? shortly stalked, M! remote from R*. Early stages unknown. A quite distinct genus, though not of very striking appearance. It is more specialized than the genera which follow, but we have placed it here on account of the number of characters it shares with Mesurodes. It can easily be regarded as a derivative of Gelasma. From Mesurodes it differs in shape, in the shorter approximation of C of hindwing to the cell and in the wide separation of M! of both wings. The ew other genera in our Group V with minute palpus and two spurs (N'eromia, Pseudhemithea, Prosomphax, Progonodes) differ essentially from PentAeochlora in antennal structure, abdominal crests, stalking of M! of hindwing or other characters. Tyne of the genus : Penteochlora uniformis (Hampson) — T Ahalera uniformis, Hampson. FAM. GEOMETRID;E I5I Geographical distribution of species. — India. 1. P. uniformis (Hampson). Nilgiris. Thalera uniformis, Hampson, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 8, p. 110, t. 15o, f. 11 (1801). Thalassodes uniformis, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths. Vol. 3. p. 513 (1895;. 107. GENUs THALASSODES, GUENÉE Thalassodes. Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o. p. 359 (1858): Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3. p. 426 (1887). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in cf moderate to longish. in Q more or less long, second joint rough-scaled above and (rather shortly) beneath, third joint smooth, distinct, in c moderate to longish, in Q long. Tongue present. Antenna more than one-half, in cf bipectinate to beyond one-half, the pectinations long, weak, usually erected very little from the plane of the shaft, clothed with long, dense cilia, a long apical portion nearly simple, shortly ciliated; in Q nearly simple, shortly ciliated. Pectus hairy. Femora glabrous (excepting the hindfemur in the males with specialized hindleg). Hind- tibia in gf dilated with hair-pencil and usually a short terminal process, or simple, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in C' moderate, rather short, from before basal expansion, in Q wanting. Forewing broad, with costa arched distally, and usually somewhat shouldered at base, straight between, apex acute, termen moderately oblique. slightly curved or nearly straight, tornus pronounced, cell about two-fifths, DC3 incurved, SC! free. SC? normal, R! short-stalked, M! connate or short-stalkeed; hindwing subquadrate, apex moderate, termen smooth, rather straight to .R*, there elbowed to bluntly toothed, thence straight to tornus, tornus pronounced, inner margin long, cell short to very short, DC strongly and continuously oblique (DC? at times somewhat sinuous), C appressed (perhaps sometimes with brief anastomosis) to one-half of the short anterior margin of cell, then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, M! stalked (Pl. 3, Fig. 11). c genitalia with uncus pointed or rounded, socii always present, usually strong, gnathos usually weak or atrophied, harpe usually narrowed above and often with hook or hooks on inner margin (modification of juxta), vinculum rounded or extended, penis pestillate, coremata present (at least usually). (Several species examined.) LaRva. — Slender, head bifid, a pointed protuberance on eighth abdominal segment. According to the figures, would appear to be similar to that of odis (Moore, Le. Ceyl. Vol. 3. p. 426; Semper, Reisen Philibb. (2), Vol. 6, p. 641; Guenée, Maillard's La Réunion, annexe G, p. 32). PuPa. — Scarcely described; in dissifa pinkish, greenish in front, thorax and abdomen black- speckled ( Moore, loc. cit.). As restricted by Turner, whom we have followed, an exceedingly natural genus. The character which Turner gives (first noted by Guenée himself) — the extreme obliquity of DC of the hindwing — is very constant throughout the forms which are quite clearly congeneric. Its adoption has necessitated the removal to Prasinocyma of a few African forms which seem rather nearly related, but as they have more normal pectinations, and moreover grade off insensibly into forms with perfectly rounded termen of hindwing,. their removal is at least a convenience taxonomically. The species left are superficially extremely closely allied; the distinctions of leg-structure, though very useful in separating the species, are quite certainly not generic. Unfortunately the determination of two of Guenée's species (guadraria and veraria) is entirely lost, and he did not even know their localities. As he possessed the C of both, and gives in his generic diagnosis « les tibias postérieurs non renflés », we doubt Turners determina- tions. A species which may well be Guenée's quadraria occurs from N. India to Burma. Type of the genus : Tzalassodes filaria, Guenée (1887). Geographical distribution of species. — Indo-Australian, strazgling into ZEthiopian Region. lo - 12. 1:35 I4. LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA | T. filaría, Guenée. Thalassodes pilaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o, p. 361,t. 15, f. 2 (1858). T. quadraria, Guenée. Thalassodes quadraria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 360 (1858). T. hyraria, Guenée. Thalassodes hyraria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o, p. 360 (1858). T.weraria, Guenée. T'halassodes veraría, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o, p. 360 (1858). T. digressa (Walker). Geometra digressa, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 513 (1861). Talassodes ricinaria, Guenée, Maillard's La Réunion, Annexe G, p. 32 (1862) (nov. syn.). T'halassodes subreticulata, Mabille, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 68, p. 740 (1900) (nov. syn., teste Warren in litt ). Hemithza sapoliaria, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc Lond. p. 547 (1904) (nov.syn.). T. dissita (Walker). Geometra dissita, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 519 (1861). ? Thalassodes dissepta, Walker, ibidem, p. 550 (1861). Thalassodes dissita, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 637 (1867); Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 426, t. 194, f. 2, 2a (1887). T. semihyalina (Walker). Geometra semihyalina, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus.Vol. 22, p. 528(1861). Thalassodes viridicaput, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 391 (1897 (nov.syn.). TAalassodes dissita (part.), Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 400 1900) (nec Walker) r1). T. depulsata, Walker. Thalassodes depulsata, 8, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 555 (1861) (nec 9). ? Thalassodes immissaria, Walker, ibidem, p. 553 (1861) (nom. dubium). T. inconclusarta, Walker. Thalassodes inconclusaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 556 (1861) 2). T. opalina, Butler. Thalassodes opalina, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 6, p. 214 (1880); Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 6, p. 21,4, t. 117, f. 9 (1886). Euchloris opalina, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 175 (1894). T. rhytibhorus (Lower) (prac. var. vel syn.?). Iodis rhytipbhorus, Lower, "Trans. Roy. Soc.S. Austral. Vol. 17, p. 156 (1893). Thalassodes veraria, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 595 (1910) (vix Guenée). T. saturata, Snellen. Thalassodes saturata, Snellen, TTijdschr. v. Ent. Vol. 24, p. 77, t. 8, f. 3 (1881). T. chloropis, Meyrick. Thalassodes chloropis, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 204 (1886). ? Thalassodes opalina, Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 227 (1888) (nec Butler). T. byrsopis, Meyrick. T'halassodes byrsopis, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2). Vol. 1, p- 249 (1886). Iodis byrsopis, Meyrick, ibidem, Vol. 2, p. 898 (1888). Iodis implicata, Lucas, ibidem, Vol. 6, p. 293 (1891) (teste Turner). Thalassodes quadraria, 'Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 594 (1910) (nec Guenée). T. lencospilota, Moore. Talassodes leucospilota, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 427, t. 194, f. 4 (1887). Thalera albomaculata, Hampson, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 9, p. 145, t. 170, f. 39 (1893). T. timoclea, Druce Thalassodes timoclea, Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 227, t. 13, f.6, 7 (1888). T. opaca, Warren (huj. gen.?) 4 Thalassodes opaca, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 17 (1898). Tahiti. ?Central India to Burma, ? Australia. Réunion. ? Australia. S. E. to E. Africa, ? West Africa. India with Ceylon, ?Bor- neo, ? Philippines. Borneo, Celebes. Malaysia with New Guinea, ? N. W. India (var.?), ? Ceylon. Loc. ignot. N. India. N. Australia, New Guinea. Celebes. Fiji. New Guinea to Oueensland. Ceylon. Fiji. Niger Coast. 1) Walker's ZissiZa has the hindwing normally shaped and the c hindtibia dilated ; his type of semityalisa has the angle at R? exceptionally weak, and the /* hindtibia simple. We believe the identification of virzdzcasu£, Warren, to be safe, although we have not had an opportunity to compare the types side by -ide. 2) Type extant, in bad condition, not at present determinable. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 123 18. T. gigas, Warren. Solomon Islands. Thalassodes gigas, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 27 (1899). 19. T. ostracites (IKarsch) (huj. gen. ?). Madagascar. Thalera ostracites, Karsch, Ent. Nachr. Vol. 26, p. 370 (1900). 2o. Dl. unicolor, Warren. Niger. Thalassodes unicolor, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 497 (1902). 21 T.curiosa, Swinhoe. Penang. T'halassodes curiosa, 'Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p, 673 (1902). 22. T. dorsilinea, Warren. New Guinea, Solomons, T'halassodes dorsilinea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 10, p. 364 (1903). INS Queensland. 23. T'. dorsipunctata, Warren New Guinea. T halassodes dorsipunctata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 10, p. 364 (1903). Thalassodes doi sipunctata ab. minor, Warren, ibidem, p. 364 (1903) (ab.). 24 Tl.mivestroía, Warren. British and. Dutch. New Thalassodes nivestrota, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1o, p. 365 (1903). Guinea. Thalassodes nivestrata, Rothschild, ibidem, Vol. rr, t. 3, f. 36 (1904). 25. T. umbrimedia, Warren. British New Guinea. Thalassodes umbrimedia, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 10, p. 365 (1903). 260. T. subviridis, Warren. Christmas Island. T'halassodes subeiridis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. 10 (1905). 27. T. zebrata, Warren. British New Guinea. Thalassodes zebrata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 9o (1906). 28. T. viridifascia, Swinhoe. Borneo. Thalassodes viridifascia, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag . Nat. Hist.(8), Vol.r, p.66(1908). 20. T. interalbata, Prout. Dutch New Guinea. T'hassalodes interalhbata, Pxout, "The IEÉntomologist, Vol. 44. p. 27 (1911). 3o. T. hypocrites, nov. sp. 1), Prout. India, Singapore. 31. T. aucta, nov. sp. 2), Prout. N. India. 32. T. dentatilinea, nov. sp. 3), Prout. W. Africa. NoTmEÉ. — TAalassodes validaria, Walker, List Le. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 35, p. 1607, belongs to the Acutlalimae, T halassodes glauculata, Walker, ibidem, Vol. 26, p. 1560, and T. boliviensis, Dognin, A1. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 44, p. 215, to the genus Amaurinia (Larentüinae). Thalassodes albannularia and chlorozonaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 554 « l'ypelost; description not recognizable » — Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 519) appear to us to represent small forms of Hiyfochrosis canente (Cramer) in the case of the latter, at least, this is fairly clear. , 1| Thalassodes hypocrites, nov. sp. — 9, 38-42 mm. Excessively like ZezcosgzZofa, Moore, scarcely distinguishable except as follows: hindwing with angle more pronounced; hindtibia in c? simple (in Zezcospz/ofa cj fringed throughout with extremely long hair) In addition (though these would probably beliable to some variation) the white spots of the postmedian series are rather more extended into dashes ; the antemedian white spot on inner margin of forewing and the postmedian on that of hindwing are slightly smaller ; and the terminal line of both wings is more blackened atthe vein-ends. Singapore (H. N. Ridley), type 8 ; Khásis, one c ; Sylhet (H. M. Parish), one cg ; Sikkim, July, 1909 (F. Moller), one cg; Pirmad, 'Travancore (R. S. Imray), one 5 ; all in coll. Brit. Mus. The Za/assodes Jencosbilota recorded by Warren (JVovr£. ZooZ. Vol. 8, p. 193) from Penang willalso without doubt be this species, which has been heretofore overlooked. We have only seen true Zewcoslofa from Ceylon. 2) Thalassodes aucta,nov. sp. — C, 42-46 mm. Face green. Palpusslightly less than one and a half times the length of diameter of eye, third joint scarcely over one-third the length of second joint; green above, white beneath. Antenna ochreous (more green when fresh), shaft partly white. Thorax and abdomen green above, the latter without white spots or line. Wingsshaped, coloured and marked as in the typical group (27/aria, ofaZrza, etc.), hindwing with the anglé moderately pronounced (as in o227iz2); lines moderately distinct, postmedian of forewing not dentate, of hindwing very slightly denticulate on the veins. Fringes narrowly greenish proximally, pale yellow distally. Hindtibia not dilated,the spurs rather short. Forewing with M1 varying, connate to stalked, hindwing with DC? scarcely atall sinuous. Genitalia with uncus tapering, with broad rounded socii, gnathos slightly scobinated, harpe fused, narrow above, with strong curved hook on inner margin, vinculum rounded, penis pestiliate, hroader above ; from the margin of the eighth sternite protrude a pair of long tapered horns, widely apart. Cherrapunji, Assam, type and others in coll. L. B. Prout; Dharmsala, in coll, Brit. Mus. It is just possible that this will prove to be the true verazza of Guenée, although he gives its expanseas only 38 mm. But we have left undescribed, as more probably his veraria, a more widely-distributed species ocurring in India und Java, very similar to azcc£a, but smaller (35-38 mm.), the angle of hindwing on the average slightly less strong, the third palpal joint nearly one-half as long as the .second, the hindtibial spurs longer, the fringes usually clearer yellow. Should veraria prove to be — azecfa, or distinct from both, this will stand as a species, and we therefore give it the provisional name of Thalassodes falsaria, zov, s5., Prout, typified by a c trom the Khàsis incoll. L. B. Prout. f 3) Thalassodes dentatilinea, nov. sp. — d, 26 mm. Face red-brown. Palpus red-brown above, second joint white beneath, third joint rather elongate, ochreous beneath. Head blue-green, narrowly white between antenn:z. Antennal shaft white proximally, reddish ochreous distally. 'Thorax and abdomen blue-green above, whitish beaeath. Foreleg red-brown above. Hindtibia dilated with hair-pencil. Forewing with apex acute; blue- green, strongly strigulated with white, the costal edge narrowly ochreous; antemedian line scarcely distinguishable among the strigulze, oblique outwards from one-fifth costa to one-third inner margin, outcurved in cell and in submedian area; postmedian slightly more distinct, parallel with termen, at 4 mm. therefrom, markedly dentate; fringe pale ochreous. Hindwing with the angle at R? strong; colour and strigulation as in forewing; no antemedian line; an interrupted white mark along DC ; postmedian line as in forewing, hence strongly bent in middle, as in the rest of the genus. Underside paler, unmarked. Aba, S. Nigeria, 16 May, roro (J. JT. Simpson). Type in coll. Brit. Mus., presented by G. A. K. Marshall, on behalf of the Entomological Commission. A second g,, from Cape Coast Castle (G. A. Higlett), also in coll. Brit. Mus., is clearly conspecific, but with the forewing so rubbed as to obscure the markings. The species is recognizable by its small size, dentate postmedian line and rather strongly angled hindwing, and is erratic in the venation. SC! being stalked ; in the type it arises before R1, but in the Cape Coast Castle specimen it has migrated to beyond R, and SC? to beyond SC5. The antennal pectinations are of the normal structure, but reach to fully two-thirds. 154 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Il08. GENUS ERETMOPUS, TURNER Eretmopus. Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35. p. 588 (19ro). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus moderate to longish. second joint rough-scaled, third joint smooth, in g* moderate, in Q elongate. Tongue developed. Antenna well over one-half, in c bipectinate to beyond one-half, the pectinations nearly as in T/alassodes. apical part nearly simple, very shortly ciliated; in Q very shortly ciliated. Pectus densely hairy. Hindtibia in cf. much dilated, hairy and with dense tufts of floccous hair, all spurs wanting, hindtarsus aborted, flattened, densely rough-scaled (Pl. 5b, Fig. 20); hindtibia in Q with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested. Fre- nulum in gf moderately strong, but not long. and arising from before basal expansion; in 9 wanting. Forewing with costa shouldered at base, then straight, well arched near apex, apex moderate, termen nearly straight, oblique, tornus pronounced, cell somewhat less than one-half, DC? incurved or inangled, SC! free, SC? normal, R! longish-stalked, R? from much above middle of DC, M! connate or approxi- mated; hindwing with apex squared, termen convex, weakly elbowed at R?, tornus squared, cell short, DC? oblique, sinuous, C closely approximated to cell to nearly one-half, then rapidly diverging, SC? rather long-stalked, R* from very near R!, M! shortly stalked (sometimes very shortly). Early stages unknown. A near relative of the preceding genus, differing in the leg structure in both sexes and in the somewhat less oblique discocellulars of hindwing. The position of R*, especially in the hindwing, is also more extreme. Type of the genus : Ereímopus marinaria (Guenée) — TAalassodes marinaria, Guenée (1910). Geographical distribution of species. — Australian. 1. E. marinaria (Guenée). India to Philippines and Thalassodes marinaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 361 (1858). N. Australia. Geometia discissa, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 517 (1861;. Geometra penicillata, Walker, ibidem, p. 525 (1861). Thalassodes depulsata, 9 , Walker, ibidem, p. 555 (1861) (nec c). Eretmopus marinaria, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol.35, p. 589 (1910). I09. GeENUs PRASINOCYMA, WARREN Prasinocyma. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4. p. 44 (1897). Pauresthes. Warren, ibidem, Vol. ro, p. 359 (1903). Poecilostigma. Warren, ibidem, p. 361r (1903). Pyrrhaspis. Warren, ibidem, p. 362 (1903). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus moderate to long, usually rather slender, second joint not or only moderately rough-scaled, third joint smooth, in c rather short to moderate, in Q long Tongue present. Antenna in gf bipectinate, with moderate to longish branches, apex nearly simple; in 9 nearly simple. Pectus moderately hairy. Femora nearly glabrous. Hindtibia in &' sometimes dilated with hair-pencil, in both sexes with all spurs; c very exceptionnally with a slight terminal process, of no generic significance. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in gf present, slender, arising from before basa] expansion, in Q wanting. Forewing with costa somewhat arched, termen usually smooth (sometimes waved), oblique, cell somewhat less than one-half, DC curved SC! nearly always from cell, free, or FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 155 anastomosing with C, scarcely ever with SC?, SC? normal, R! connate or short-stalked, rarely separate, R? occasionally from much above middle, M! about connate; hindwing with termen rounded or weakly subcrenulate, or weakly elbowed at R? (never with pronounced tail r), cell somewhat less than one-half, DC? variable, sometimes very deeply incurved, C approximated to cell for some distance, very occasionally with brief anastomosis, diverging near middle, SC? stalked, R? occasionally from near R!, M! usually connate or stalked. c genitalia with uncus pointed, with small round socii, harpe angulated, penis pestillate, thickened and swollen in the centre; eighth sternite terminating in two points (vermicularia; albicosta and floresaria have also been examined, and suggest that there will be a good deal of variation, together with a definitely traceable relationship; but the structure-group is a large one, embracing Jodis, Hemistola, Comostola, etc., and not remote from the Hemithea-group). Early stages scarcely known. As Dr. Turner has observed (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 597), « the species included in this genus show considerable variety of facies, and considerable variation also in certain details of structure, and may possibly need to be divided ». None of the structural characters which we are using in the present work, however, seem to admit of such division on any satisfactory basis, and the varia- tions are really not extreme. In the New Guinea group which Warren has made the basis of his Pauvesthes, Poecilostigma and Pyrrhaspis, DC? shows a strong tendency to exaggerated incurvature, DC? of the forewing is sometimes oblique basewards (i. e. apex of cell produced), DC? of the hindwing, or of both, sometimes somewhat oblique outward, resulting in an acute angulation at the base of R^; but these forms appear in varying degrees, and are in part shared by other sections of the genus, so that we have not been able to utilize them. The scaling of the species is usually rather fine and thin, often with white strigulation (reminding of TZalassodes), but this is by no means invariable. The abdomen is occasionally adorned with a dorsal pattern, and exceptionally (e. g. coerulea) the largest of the spots may be slightly embossed; but there are never any real crests. Type of the genus : Prasinocyma vermicularia (Guenée) — T/halassodes vermicularia, Guenée. Geographical distribution of species. — Indo-Australian, -thiopian. 1. P. vermicularia (Guenée). S. Africa. Thalassodes vermicularia, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o, p. 359 (1855). T halassodes dilucida, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 548 (1861). 2. P. simiaria (Guenée). Senegal. T'halassodes simiaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 359 (1855). 3. P. germinaria (Guenée). Abyssinia. T'halassodes germinaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o, p. 360 (1858). 4- P. cellularia (Guenée). Réunion. Thalassodes cellularia, Guenée, Maillard's La Réunion, Annexe G, p. 32 (1862). 5. P. congrua (Walker). W. Africa to Uganda. Geometra congrua, Walker, Proc. Nat. Hist. Sec. Glasgow, Vol. 1 (2), P- 371 (1869). Thalassodes nigripunctata, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 46 (1897). T'halassodes congrua, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 544 (1904). 6. P. scissaria (Felder). S. Africa. T'halassodes scissaria, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127, f. 9 (1875). 7. P. hadrata (Felder). Cape. N'emoria (?) hadrata, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127. f. 27 (1875). Thalassodes hadrata (paxt.), Swinhoe, 'Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 544 (1904) 2). 1) Except in cxossofa, which we have not seen and which is quite doubtfully placed. 2) The specimen from the Gold Coast, referred here by Swinhoe, is quite wrongly determined, a damaged Q perhaps related to a/órsfic/a, Warren, 156 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 8. P. fallidulata (Mabille) (huj. gen. ?) 1). Madagascar. Thalassodes pallidulata, Mabille, C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol.23, p. xxt (1880). 9. P. delicataría (Móschler). W. Africa. Thalassodes delicataria, Móschler, Abh. Senckenb. Nat. Ges. Vol. 15 (1), p. 93 (1887). 10 P. unipuncta, Warren. Natal, ? British E. Africa. Prasinocyma unipuncta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 44 (1897). ir, P. albifimbria (Warren). British Central Africa. Thalassodes albifimbria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 214 (1897). 12. P. tenuis (Waren). Niger Coast. Syndromodes tenuis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 16 (1898) (2, nec 9). 13. P. xubrimacula (Warren). Unyoro. Thalassodes rubrimacula, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 292 (1899). 14. P. albisticta (Warren). Tropical Africa. Antharmostes (?) albisticta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 205 (1901). 15. P. differens (Warren). British E. Africa. Agraptochlora differens, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 493 (1902) 16. P. fupillata (Warren). British E. Africa. Thalassodes pupillata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 496 (1902). 17. P. sticlimargo (Warren). E. Africa. Thalassodes stictimargo, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 497 (1902). 18. P. dohertyi, Warren. British E. Africa. Prasinocyma dohertyi, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. ro, p. 271 (1903) 2). I9. P. ampla, Warren. Angola. Prasinocyma ampla, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 465 (1904). 20. P. fictifimbria, Warren. Angola, Abyssinia. Prasinocyma pictifimbria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 86 (1904). 21. P. pulchraría, Swinhoe. "Tropical Africa. Prasinocyma pulchraria, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 544 (1904). 22. P. salutaria (Swinhoe). British E. Africa. Thalassodes salutaria, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond p. 544 (1904). 23. P. xanthopera, Bastelberger. Conzo. Prasinocyma xanthopera, Bastelberger, Intern. Ent. Zeit. Guben, Vol. 3, p- 1ot (1909). 24. P. dorsipunctata, Warren. Natal. Prasinocyma dorsipunctata, Warren, Ann. S. Afric. Mus. Vol. to (1), p. 21 (1911). 25. P. sanguinicosta, nov. sp. 3), Prout. Sudan. 26. P. niveisticta, nov. sp. 1), Prout. Natal. 1) Swinhoe (Zrans. Ent. Soc. Lond. x904, p. 547) unites this with g/acralis, Butler (MetallocAhlora) ; from Mahille's description, this seems to us absolutely impossible. 2) Prasinocyma circumpunctata on type labels. 3) Prasinocyma sanguinicosta, nov. Sp. — 3,2; mm. lace crimson, Palpus crimson above, white beneath. Antennal shaft red, mixed with yellow-brown; pectinations moderate, yellow brown. Vertex pale green, narrowly wbitish between antennz; occiput green. Thorax green above, whitish beneath (abdomen discoloured). Foreleg crimson. Wings shaped, coloured and strigulated as in ver»iicudaria, Guenée, the colour perhaps slightly more yellowish ; costa o! forewing bright crimson above and beneath; both wings above with minute black, reddish tinged discal dot; fringes concolorous. Under surface paler. Khartum, February 12th, 1909 (G. B. Longstaff). Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Easily distinguished by the broadly bright red costa, In guZchraría, Swinhoe, the costal edge is vezy ztarrowly tinged with red, but that is a larger, broader-winged insect of a different shade of green, with less minute discal dots, etc. In P/cArar?a the c hindleg is simple, in sasgztziécosta dilated with hair-pencil; in the former SC! is free, in the latter it anastomoses with C. R! is well stalked with SC?-5. 4) Prasinocyma niveisticta, nov. sp. — cC, 28 mm. Face green. Palpus ochreous above, paler beneath; terminal joint rather small, fuscous-reddish. Antenna ochreous, shaft whitish at base ; pectinations moderate. Head green, narrowly whitish between antennz. 'Thorax and base of abdomen green dorsally, pale beneath; dorsum of abdomen apparently marked with white(partly discoloured). Hindtibia not dilated, with four approximated spurs. Wings opaque bluish green, nearly as in Zadra£a, Felder. Forewing with costal edge narrowly bright yellow ochre; a very small white spot on middle of inner margin, margined with fuscous distally; termen of both wings with pure white dots at the vein-ends and a very small dark blotch at tornus, margined proximally by a. white crescent; fringe green proximally, spotted with reddish at the vein-ends, greyer and scarcely marked with red distally. Hindwing very weakly elbowed at R?, Underside whitish, costa of forewing more broadly yellow ochre than above, paling off somewhat towards apex ; termen and fringe not ornamented. Durban, Natal, 1909 (G. F. Leigh). Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Closely related to Zaarafa, Felder. agreeing in venatión, but with third joint of palpus shorter, elbow in hindwing weaker, inner-marginal spot of forewing smaller, and with tornal ornamentation somewhat recalling that of /7eferoracA£s devocaía, Walker. — SR FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 157 27. P. rugistrigula, nov. sp. 1), Prout. Ashanti. 28. P. neavei, nov. sp.2), Prout. Nyassaland. 29. P. bifimbriata, nov. sp. 3), Prout. — PI. 3, Fig. 9. 'Transvaal. 3o. P. semicrocea (Walker). E. to S. Australia. Geometra semicrocea, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 528 (1861). Chlorochroma intermixta, Walker, ibidem, p. 563 (1861). Chlorochroma decisissima, Walker, ibidem, p. 564 (1861). Iodis semicrocea, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 887 (1888). Iodis subalbina, Lucas, ibidem, Vol. 3, p. 1264 (1888). Thalassodes albicosta, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 400 (1900) (nec Walker). Prasinocyma semicrocea, ' Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, P- 599 (1910). Y 31. P. albicosta (Walker). N. to E. Australia, New Geometra albicosta, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 529 (1861). Guinea, Loyalty Islands. Iodis albicosta, Meyrick, Proc. Linn.Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol.2, p. 888 (1887). Iodis bicolora, Lucas, ibidem, Vol. 3, p. 1265 (1888). Prasinocyma rufitincta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 44 (1807). T halassodes flavicosta, Warren, ibidem, p. 214 (1897). Prasinocyma albicosta, 'Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p* 598 (1910). 32. P. floresaria (Walker). Flores. Geomcetra floresaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 35, p. 1604 (1866). ? CEnospila floresaria, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 292 (1896). id 33. P. oxycentra (Meyrick) (prac. var.*?). N. Queensland, New Gui- í Iodis oxycentra, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2. nea, Louisiades, Moluc. p. 888 (1888). ed CEnospila floresaria (part.), Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 292 (1896). GEnospila oxycentra, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 5, p. 422 (1898). Prasinocyma floresaria, "Turner, Proc. Ljnn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 600 (1910). 34. P. nivisparsa (Butler) (huj. gen. ?). Duke of York Island to Comibaena-nivisparsa, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5). Vol. 10, p. 232 (1882 . New Guinea. Anisogamia nivisparsa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 33 (1897). Geometra nivisparsa, Pagenstecher, Zooloyica, Vol. 29, p. 153 (1900). 35. P. ocyptera (Meyrick). Queensland, W. Australia. Iodis ocyptera, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol.2, p. 887 (1888). Iodis gracilis, Lucas, ibidem, Vol. 3, p. 1266 (1888). Prasinocyma ocyptera, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 422 (1898). 36. P. rhodocosma (Meyrick). Australia. Iodis rhodocosma, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol p. 889 (1885). Prasinocyma rhodocosma, "Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 597 (1910). 1) Prasinocyma rugistrigula, nov. sp. — GJ, 4o mm. Face dulllight reddish, partly overlaid with dull green (possibly somewhat faded). Palpus reddish above, whitish beneath, third joint minute. Antennal shaft dirty white near base, becoming reddish brown; pectinations bright brown, the outer series long near base, rather rapidly shortening. Vertex, occiput, thorax and abdomen dorsally green. Wings rather dull glaucous green, very smooth-scaled (presenting an almost greased appearance), strongly but irregularly strigulated with whitish. Forewing with costa very narrowly pale ochreous brownish; a small indistinct fuscous discal dot. Hindwing with the discal dot dark greenish, obscure, slightly diffuse, placed close to the base of R?; beneath it, on the submedian fold, a short fuscous dash. Fringes concolorous. Under surface paler, unmarked. Coomassie (H. Whiteside). Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Wings shaped as in 7 Za/assodes ; forewing with SC! anastomosing, M* very shortly stalked. Hindwing with both the stalkings. 2) Prasinocyma neavei, nov. sp. — 9,36 mm. Like the preceding in markings (except that the discal spot of hindwing is more elongate and the fold-dash shorter), but differing essentially in shape, which is virtually that of typical Prasizocyma, the hindwing only very slightly bentat R?. Further differs as follows : face bright green, upper part narrowly reddish brown; palpus with second and third joints much elongate, slender, red-brown above, white beneath and at tips of joints; costa of forewing narrowly white; colour of wings somewhat brighter, bluer, not greasy- looking; forewing with SC! free, M! separate: hindwing with SC? shorter-stalked, M: connate. Mlangi Mountain, Nyassaland, 6000-7000 feet, 2 May, 191o (S. A. Neave). Type in coll. Brit. Mus. 3) Prasinocyma bifimbriata, nov, sp. — 9,26 mm. Face green (fading to ochreous). Palpus greenish, terminal joint more ochreous. Antenna. proximally white above, distilly ochreous. Thorax and abdomen green above, anal extremity and underside whitish. Legs ochreous, forecoxa marked with green. Forewing apple-green, not strigulated, costal edge ochreous, a small grey mark in fringe at apex, no transverse lines, discal dot black, minute, fringe ample, proximal half pale ochreous, distal half grey; hindwing the same, excepting costa, termen slightly bentat R?, Underside much paler, no discal spots, apical mark and fringe as above. Three Sisters, Transvaal, o March, r9rr. Type in coll A. J. T. Janse. Rather suggestive of the LissocAZora- and Miantonota-groups of the genus RacAeosr/a, though of a less yellow green. In the forewing SC! is free, R! and M* about connate; in the hindwing SC? and M! are both stalked, DC very little oblique. 158 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 37. P. exoterica (Meyrick) (huj. gen. e NewtspitbhsWales Iodis exoterica, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. Sor (1888). Prasinocyma exoterica, Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 598 (1910). 38. P. iostica (Meyrick). E. Australia. Iodis iostícta, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 893 (1888). | Prasinocyma iosticta, Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 599 (1910). 39. P. crossota (Meyrick) (huj. gen.?). Queensland. Iodis crossota, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 894 (1888). Prasinocyma crossota, "Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 598 (1910). ! 40. P. absimilis, Warren (huj gen. ?). Dutch New Guinea. Prasinocyma absimilis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 193 (1901). 41. P. indistincta (Warren). British New Guinea. Chlorochroma iudistincta, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 10, p. 355 (1903). 42. P. marginepunciata (Warren). British New Guinea. Chlorochroma marginepunctata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 10, p. 356 (1903). 43. P. minutipuncta (Warren). British New Guinea. Chlorochroma minulifuncta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 10, p. 356 (1903). 44. P. polluta (Warren). British New Guinea. Chlorochroma polluta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 10, p. 356 (1903). 45. P. punctulata (Warren). British New Guinea. a Chlorochroma punctulata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1o, p. 357 (1903). 46. P. punctifimbria (Warren) (huj. gen.?). British New Guinea. Henustola (2) punctifimbria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 10, p. 358 (1903). 47. P. fragilis (Warren). British New Guinea. Iodis fragilis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1o, p. 359 (1903). 48. P. caniola (Warren). Britishand Dutch New Gui- Pauvesthes caniola, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1o, p. 360 (1903). nea, N. Queensland. Prasinocyma phaeostigma, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 601 (1901) (nov. syn.). 49. P. signifera (Warren). British New Guinea. Pauvrestles signifera, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 10, p. 360 (1903). 5o. P. vagabunda (Warren). Britishand Dutch New Gui- Poecilostigma vagabunda, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1o, p. 361 (1903). nea. 51. P. periculosa (Warren). British and Dutch New Gui- Poccilostigma periculosa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1o, p. 361 (1903). nea. 52. P. coerulea (Warren). British New Guinea. Pyrrhaspis coerulea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. ro, p. 362 (1903) 1. 53. P. mistifimbria, nov. nom., Prout. British New Guinea. Pyrrhaspis punctifimbria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 10, p. 362 (1903) (nec punctifimbria, Warren, ibidem, p. 358). 54. P. discata (Warren). British New Guinea. Chlorochroma discata, Narren, Novit. Zool Vol. 13, p. 83 (1906). 55. P. flavilimes (Warren). British New Guinea. Chlorochroma flavilimes, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 83 (1906). 56. P. geminipuncta (Waren). British New Guinea, Chlorochroma geminipuucta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 83 (1906). 57. P. laticostata (Warren) (huj. gen.?). British New Guinea. Chlovochroma laticostata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 54 (1906). 58. P. latistriga (Warren). British New Guinea. Chlorochroma latistriga, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 84 (1906). 59. P. obsoleta (Warren). Britishand Dutch New Gui- Chlorochroma obsoleta, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 84 (1906). nea. 60. P. punctilligera (Warren). British New Guinea. Chlorochroma punctilligera, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 85 (1906). 1) Aot/ischtildia coerud"a on type labels. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE I59 6r. P. ruficosta (Warren). British New Guinea. Chlorochroma ruficosta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 85 (1906). 62. P. rufistriga (Warren). Britsh and. Dutch New Chlorochroma rufistriga, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 85 (1906). Guinea. 63. P. vestigiata (Warren). British New Guinea. Chlorochroma vestigiata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 86 (1906). 64. P. bicolor (Warren). British New Guinea. Chtorochroma bicolor, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 131 (1907). 65. P. fraterna (Warren). British New Guinea. Chlorochroma fraterna, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 131 (1907). 66. P. intermedia (Warren). British New Guinea, Chlorochroma intermedia, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r4, p. 131 (1907). 67. P. sororcula (Warren). British New Guinea. Chlorochroma sorov2ula, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 132 (1907). 68. P. florediscata (Warren). British New Guinea. Poecilostigma florediscata, Warren. Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 135 (1907). 69. P. glauca (Warren). British New Guinea. Pyrrhaspis glauca. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 135 (1907). 70. P. marina (Warren). British New Guinea. Pyrrhaspis marina, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 135 (1907). 71. P. anomoea, Turner. N. Queensland. Prasinocyma anomoea. ' Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, P. 601 (19IO). I 1O. GENUS ENDEMIA, WARREN Endemia. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. ro, p. 357 (1903). Characters. — lace smooth. Palpus in cf shortish, in Q moderate, in both sexes slender, second joint with moderately appressed scales, third joint smooth, relatively rather long. Tongue present. Antenna moderate, in cj bipectinate to about three-fourths with moderate branches, in Q nearly simple. Hindtibia in cf dilated, with hair-pencil and short stout process, about one-half the length of tarsus, which is very short; in gf with four short, in Q with four moderate spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in gf slender, arising from before basal expansion, in Q wanting. Forewing with costa nearly straight, apex not acute, termen oblique, slightly rounded, cell less than one-half, much produced apically, DC deeply incurved, SC! from near end of cell, anastomosing with C and SC?, SC? normal, R! connate, M' connate, hindwing with apex rounded, termen rounded, very faintly bent at R?, tornus squared, cell less than one-half, DC? somewhat incurved, C anastomosing with cell for slightly more than a point, rapidly diverging, SC? shortly stalked, R? not very characteristic, M! shortly stalked. Early stages unknown. A genus of somewhat uncertain validity, to which we have been able to give but little study ; might possibly be merged in Prasimocyma, the differences in palpus, leg-structure and venation not being very momentous. Tyne of the genus : Endemia lenera, Warren (1903). Geographical distribution of species. — New Guinea. I. E. fenera, Warren. British New Guinea. Endemia tenera, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1o, p. 358 (1903). 160 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA I! Il. GeNUS STREPSICHLORA, WARREN Strepsichlora. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 136 (1987). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus with second joint long, with closely appressed scales, third joint in cf moderate, scarcely more slender than second, in 9 rather longer than in cf. Tongue present. Antenna over one-half, in gf bipectinate to nearly four-fifths, with moderate branches, apex merely ciliated; in Q nearly simple. Pectus hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in cf rather long. dilated with hair-pencil in sheath, much as in HemitAiea, no process, in both sexes with all spurs. Tarsus not aborted. Abdomen slender, minutely crested. Frenulum in gf short, in Q wanting. Forewing broad, costa arched, apex squared, termen straight, little oblique, tornus pronounced, cell almost one-half£, DC strongly incurved, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C and sometimes with SC?, SC? normal, R! just separate, M! separate, hindwing with termen minutely toothed at R*, tornus produced, cell less than one-half, DC? very slightly incurved anterioily, becoming strongly oblique, C shortly approximated to cell near base, then very strongly diverging, SC? short-stalked, R? very characteristic, M! separate. Early stages unknown. Similar remarks apply to this as to the preceding genus; the dorsal crests are so slight as to be doubttully generic. Type of the genus : S/repsichlora aculilunata, Warren (1907). Geographical distribution of species. — New Guinea. 1. S. aculilunata, Warren. British New Guinea. Strepsichlora acutilunata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 136 (1907;. 2. S. inquinata (Warren). British New Guinea. Rhomborista inquinata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 10, p. 363 (1903). Strepsichlora inquinata, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 14, p. 136 (1907). 112. GeNUS OXYCHORA, WARREN Oxychora. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 236 (1898). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus rather long, very slender, with appressed scales, third joint in cf elongate (Q unknown). Tongue present. Antenna in c bipectinate to nearly two-thirds, with strong, rapidly shortening branches. Pectus slightly hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindleg short, hindtibia dilated with hair-pencil, all spurs present. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum slender, colourless, arising from before well-marked basal expansion. Forewing with costa shouldered at base, then slightly arched, apex blunt, termen curved, oblique, cell almost one-half, produced apically, DC? very deeply inangled, becoming very oblique, SC! about connate, free i), SC? normal, R! short-stalked, M! widely separate; hindwing with costa rounded, termen rounded, slightly elbowed at R?, tornus not pronounced, DC? vertical or slightly oblique inwards, DC? excessively oblique, C anastomosing with cell at a point near base, SC? rather long-stalked, M! widely separate. Early stages unknown. 1) In the type specimen, on the left wing only, SC! anastomoses at a point with SC?, quite near the apex. Warren, in diagnosing the genus, overlooked that this was a more asvmmetrical sport. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 161 The two species placed here agree very exactly in structure, except that the type-species has the scaling very fine and thin, subdiaphanous. The difference in facies suggests the possibility that they have independently evolved from some cognate form (? in Prasinocyma), but the peculiar venation seems quite adequate for generic recognition. Type of the genus : Oxychora tenuis, Warren (1898). Geographical distribution of species. — Sunda Islands, New Guinea. I. O, tenuis, Warren. Buru (Sunda Islands). Oxychora tenuis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 236 (1898). 2. O. ruficincta (Warren). British New Guinea. Comostolodes ruficincta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r4, p. 132 (1907). I 13. GENUS GIGANTOTHEA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Gigantothea, nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus moderate to rather long, second joint rather close-scaled, third joint distinct, in cf moderately elongate, in Q rather longer. Tongue developed. Antenna longish, in gf bipectinate to little beyond one-half with moderate branches, in Q almost simple. Pectus hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in gf fully twice as long as tarsus, with sheath and long, strong hair-pencil, median spurs wanting; in Q with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in c* rather slender, from before basal expansion, in Q obsolete. Forewing with costa gently arched, apex squared or slightly acute, termen faintly waved, gently curved, oblique, cell less than one-half, DC? incurved (often deeply), SC! from cell, bicurved, approaching successively C (sometimes with short anastomosis) and SC?, SC? normal, R! stalked, R? from considerably above middle of cell, M! approximated to R?; hindwing with apex moderate, termen convex, somewhat waved, slightly prominent at R?, tornus pronounced, cell short, DC? somewhat curved, little oblique posteriorly, C approximated shortly to cell, then very strongly divergent, SC* stalked, R? from near R!, M! stalked. Early stages unknown. Probably near some Prasinocyma (e. g. vufistriga), nothwithstanding that the leg-structure is almost that of Hemithea. Several features recall CArysochloroma. Tyne of the genus : Giganlothea gigas (Warren) — Chlorochroma £tgas, Warren. Geographical distribution of species, — New Guinea. I. G. gtgas (Warren). British to Dutch New Gui- Chlorochroma gigas, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1o, p. 355 (1903). nea. 2. G. minor (Warren). Chlorochroma gigas ab. minor, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 10, p. 355 (1903). Chlorochroma minor, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 13, p. 85 (1906). I14. GENUS CENOSPILA, SwINHOE CE nospila (Warren, MS.) Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 5 (1892). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus with second joint long, smooth-scaled, third joint in cf rather short, in O very long. Tongue present. Antenna in c bipectinate to scarcely beyond one-half, in 9 lamellate, nearly simple. Pectus hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in c* much dilated, with strong 162 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA hair-pencil and moderate terminal process, median spurs present, the inner only long, terminals wanting or absolutely vestigial (Pl. 5, Fig. 13); in Q with four unequal spurs, the inner median long. Hindtarsus in gf rather short. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in gj rather short and slender, from before weli- marked basal expansion, in Q wanting. Forewing with costa rather straight, apex moderately sharp, termen oblique, very slightly curved, cell less than one-half, usually produced apically, DC incurved, SC! free, SC? normal, R! usually stalked, R? from well above middle of cell, M! about connate ; hindwing with termen nearly smooth to subcrenulate, usually bent at R3, tornus pronounced, cell scarcely two-fifths, DC somewhat oblique posteriorlv, C appressed to cell to near one-half, with very brief anastomosis. then very rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R? from very near R!, M! stalked. c genitalia : uncus pointed, with large rounded socii, gnathos pointed, harpe rounded, with sacculus extended, terminating at right angles, penis pestillate. Apparently related to the Hemifhea-group. LaRva. — Rather slender, head bifid, eighth abdominal segment with pointed prominence (Moore, Lef. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 428, t. 194, f. 3a). Probably derived from a form closely akin to Prasinocyma floresaria. Those systematists who are entirely hostile to generic characters derived from the c' alone would perhaps prefer to make it a section of that genus, as its other characters are mostly found in one species or another of Prasinocyma ; but the eusemóle (cf hindleg, unequal Q spurs, extreme Q palpus, apparently more constant and — at least sometimes — more pronounced anastomosis of C of hindwing with SC, and extreme position of R?) appears to us to justify the retention of the genus. It has also much in common with CArysochloroma. Type of the genus : (Ewosfila flavifusata (Walker) — Talera flavifusata, Walker (1892). Geographica! distribution of species. — India to N. Australia. I. CE. flavifusata (Walker). India to N. Australia and Thalera flavifusata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 596 (1861). Solomons. Tkalassodes sinuata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 637 (1867). ? Phorodesma phyllosa, Pagenstecher. Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Nat. Vol. 39, P- 154 (1886) (nov. syn.). CEnosfila flavifusata, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 5 (1892). T halassodes flavifusata. Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3. p. 508 (1895). CEnospila flavilinea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4. p. 212 (1897). Gelasma (?) ferlinzata, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 6, p. 33o (1899). CEnospila flavifuscata, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 674 (1902/. 2. CE. strix ( Butler). N. India. Racheospila strix, Butler, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 7, p. 105, t. 136, f. 8 (1889). Thalassodes strix. Hampson. Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 50o (1805). GEnospila sirix, Warren. Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 292 (1896!. 3. CE. stellata, Warren (prec. var. ?). New Guinea to Woodlark CEnosfila stellata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 292 (1896). Island. CEnospila strix (part.), Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 674 (1902). 4. CE. lucifimbria, Warren. Solomon Islands. CEnospila lucifimbria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 27 (1899). 5. CE. simflex, Warren (huj. gen.?). W. Java. GEnospila (?) simplex, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 330 (1899). 6. CE. peristicta, nov. sp. 1), Prout. Dutch New Guinea. 1! CEnospila peristicta. nov. sp. — C, 35 mm. Face green. Palpus green, wbitish beneath. Vertex and proximal part of antennal shaft white; occiput green. Thorax and abdomen green dorsally, the latter with small white spots. Forewing green with costal edge snow-white, broidening gradually to middle (so as to reach nearly to SC) and narrowing again distally; lines white, lunulate-dentate : the antemedian at about one-third, indistinct: postmedian at about two-thirds, the lunules very indistinct, the teeth on veins very distinct, being punctuated by large pure white spots or dashes, accompanied proximally bv a slight darkening of the green ground-colour on the veins; cell-spot distinct, black, clouded over with red; terminal line represented by red-brown spots between the veins; fringe whitish (defective); hindwing similar, without antemed:an line or white costa. Underside much paler, unmarked, costa ot forewing whitish. Fak-Fak, Dutch New Guinea, 1700 feet, January-February, 1908 (A. E. Pratt). Type in coll. L. B. Prout. Nearest to (E. simflex, of which we only know the O. but larger, the terminal line reduced to spots, etc. A true CEnospili, hindtibia greatly swollen, inner median spur much swollen, the other thrce spurs vestigial, but none entirely wanting. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 163 115. GENUS MAXATES, MOORE Maxates. Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 436 (1887). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes long, second joint shortly rough-scaled, reaching well beyond frons, third joint smooth, elongate (especially in Q). Tongue developed. Antenna rather long, iu cj bipectinate to nearly two-thirds, with long branches, in OQ simple, pubescent. Pectus somewhat hairy. Femora nearly glabrous. Hindtibia in gf dilated, with rather strong hair-pencil, in both sexes with all spurs developed. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in cj very slender, arising from before basal expansion, in Q wanting. Forewing with costa well arched, apex prominent, termen deeply crenulate (the longest tooth at R?), cell short, DC? deeply inbent, SC! from cell, usually anastomosing or connected at a point with C, occasionally free, SC? normal, very rarely anastomosing at a point with SCl, R! connate, R? from near R!, M! connate or short-stalked; hindwing narrow, costa short, termen crenate, produced to a marked tooth at R! and prolonged to a tail at R3, cell short. DC? oblique posteriorly, C shortly appressed (sometimes with anastomosis at a point or very briefly) to cell, then very rapidly diverging. SC? short-stalked (sometimes connate), R? from very near R!, M! well stalked (PI. 3, Fig. 12). c genitalia with uncus pointed, socii large. enathos with broad spatulate tip. harpe angulated, with pointed terminations, penis pestillate, spatulate, long coremata present; suggests a relationship to 4ga£hia and to Efisothalma. Early stages unknown. Type of the genus : Maxates coelataria (Walker) — T/alassodes coelafaria, Walker (1887). Geographical distribution of species, — India to Queensland. 1. M. coelataria (Walker). India with Cevlon, Singa- Thalassodes coelataria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 552 pore. Borneo. (1861). Maxates caelataría, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 436, t. 196, f. 2, 2a (1887). Maxates coelataria, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 505 (1895). 2. M. macariata ( Walker). N. India. Thalassodes macariata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1562 (1862). Maxates macariata, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3. p. 505 (1895;. 3. M. tanygona (Turner). Queensland. Euchloris tanygona, "Turner, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 28, p. 220 (1904). Maxates tanygona, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35. p. 555 I9IO). : 116. GENUS IDIOCHLORA, NOV. GEN., FROUT Idiochlora (Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. ro5, indescr.). nov. gen., Prout. Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in cf quite moderate, in Q long, second joint smooth- scaled, third joint in gf very small, in Q very long, slender. Tongue present. Antenna in Qf rather thick, lamellate. almost simple, in Q :similar. Pectus somewhat hairy. Hindtibia in Cf scarcely dilated, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in c slender, from before basal expan- sion, in Q wantihg. Forewing with costa gently arched, apex rather acute, termen waved, oblique, anterior half faintly subconcave, cell short, DC somewhat incurved, SC! from cell, sometimes anastom- osing with C, SC? normal, R! separate, M! wellseparate; hindwing with termen waved, produced to short tail at R3, cell short, broad, DC rather straight, C shortly approximated to cell near base (touching or 164 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA perhaps sometimes anastomosing at a point), rapidly diverging, SC? connate, sometimes very shortly stalked, M! shortly (or very shortly) stalked. Early stages unknown. Not very sharply defined from the succeeding genus, though differing in a number of minor points; the convergence of characters is perhaps in part accidental, the facies being decidedly different. Type of the genus : /diochlora ophthalmicata (Moore) — TAalassodes ophthalmicata, Moore. Geographical distribution of species, — N. India. 1. J. ophthalmicata (Moore). N. India. T halassodes ophthalmicata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 637 (1867). Idiochlora ophthalmicata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 105 (1896). I!7. GENUS METALLOCHLORA, WARREN Metallochlora. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 290 (1896). Chrysomphe. Warren, ibidem, p. 364 (1596). Cosmogonia. Warren, ibidem, Vol. 4, p. 210 (1897). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in cf moderate, in Q rather long, second joint with moderately appressed scales, third joint in cf short, in Q more or less elongate. Tongue present. Antenna in gf ciliated (often serrate, usually with fascicles, Fig. 14), in Q minutely ciliated. Pectus moderately hairy. Hindtibia in c dilated with hair-pencil, usually rather long and with a sheath nearly as in 7Teni- thea, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen usually with compact, glossy, usually metallic crests (bosses). Frenulum present in cf, from before basal expansion, wanting in Q. Forewing with costa arched, at least distally, apex acute, termen oblique, smooth, usually rather straight, cell less than one-half, DC incurved, SC! from cell, free, SC? sometimes stalked to Section of antenna ot MetallucAhlora (Cosmogonia) decorata, CIS etallucAMora (Cosmogonia) decorat, pev ong SC5, R! connate or short-stalked, M! usually short-stalked, some- Warren, 3. times connate or just separate; hindwing varied in shape, usually elbowed or tailed at R?, never strongly elongate tornally, cell short to very short, DC somewhat curved, C anastomosing with cell at a point near base, rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R? very charac- teristic, M! stalked. c genitalia (section Cosmogonia) with uncus pointed, with socii of equal length, gnathos pointed, harpe with long, curved scobinated, clasper, vinculum with long lower arm, penis pestillate, with band of rounded cornuli ; evidently related to Hemit&ea. Early stages unknown. Type of the genus : Metallochlora meekt. N'airen, Geographical distribution of species. — Oceania, ? Madagascar. SEcTION Il. — Hindwing without long tail at R?, no hyaline patch at base; forewing with SC? variable (Me/allochlora, Warren) 1). t. M. meeki, Warren. Fergusson»Island. Metallochlora meeki, Warren. Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 291 (1896). 1) Probably embraces two or three sections, but we have not the material for an exhaustive revision. In £e£ra/ogAa and Zi»eata, which also have their distinctive shape and coloration, SC? arises after SC^; in the bright green »ui/rfurts-group it is normal. [v5] IO. II. I2. T37 I4. Ll Un «Ai iom o 53 ESOS S SX E FAM. GEOMETRIDZE albicinctaria (Walker). Geometra albicinctaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 35, p. 1604 (1866). Nemoria albicinctaria, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 398, t. 6, f. 7 (1900). . neomela (Meyrick). Iodis neomela, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 492 (1889). Nemoria pisina, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 26 (1899). T'halassodes albolineata, Pagenstecher, Zoologica, Vol. 29, p. 156 (1900) (nov. syn.). Hemithea pisina, "Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol.35, p.604 (1910). Metallochlora neomela, "Turner, ibidem, p 653 (1910). . militaris (Lucas). — PI. 4, Fig. 1 O. Iodis militaris, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales(2). Vol. 6, p. 295 (1891j. Metallochlora dotata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol 3, p. 367 (1896). M etallochlora flavifimbria, Warren, ibidem, p. 367 (1896). Metallochlora militaris, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 5, p. 422 (1898). . lineata, Warren, Metallochlora linzata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 291 (1896). . temulinea, Warren. Metallochlora tenuilinea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 368 (189€). . differens, Warren. M etallochlora differens, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 41 (1897). . letralopha (Lower). Euchloris (?) tetralobha, Lower, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 23, P- 43 (1898). Metallochlora tetralopha, 'Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 605 (1910). . sanguinipuncta, Warren. Metallochlora sanguinipuncta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 422, 425 (1901). . jvoximata, Warren. Metallochlora proximata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 26 (1899). . aurtgera (Pagenstecher). Euchloris aurigera, Pagenstecher, Zoologica, Vol. 29, p. 155 (1900). . rubripuncta, Warren. AM etallochlora rubripuncta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 355 (1902). . circumscribta, Warren. Metallochlora circumscripta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 486 (1904). . ametalla, Turner. Metallochlora ametalla, "Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 608 (19ro). . glacialis (Butler) (huj. gen. ?) 1). Thalassodes glacialis, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol 5, p. 391 (1880). N'emoria zebraea, Saalmüller, Lep. Madag. (2), p. 495, t. 14, f. 264 (1891) (nov. syn.). Gelasma zebraea, Swinhoe, "rans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 545 (1904). Iodis glacialis, Swinhoe, ibidem, p. 547 (1904). Flores. 'Tenimbers to Bismarck Ar- chipelago, N. and W.Aus- tralia. N.and E. Australia, Ke Is- lands. Fergusson and Trobriand Isl., Dutch New Guinea. Dutch New Guinea. 'Tenimber. Ke Islands. Solomon Islands. Bismark Archipelago. Solomon Islands. Solomon Islands. N. Australia. Madagascar. SECTION II. — Hindwing with a hyaline patch at base; forewing with SC? arising after SC? (CAhrysomphe, Warren; bon. gen. ?). 16. M. venusta (Warren). — PI 8, Fig. 18. Chrysomphe venusta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 365 (1896). Thalera pudica, Pagenstecher, Zoologica, Vol. 29, p. 157, t. 2, f. 7 (1900) (nov. syn.). M ctallochlora venusta, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 607 (19IO). 1) Conforms to tlie characters here given, but had probably a different origin. Ceram, N. Australia, New Guinea, N. Australia, Bis- marck Archipelago. 166 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA SECTION III. — Hindwing with a long tail at R?; forewing with SC? arising before SC? (Cosmogonia, Warren; bon. gen.?). 17. M. decorata (Warren). — PI. 5, Fig. 4. N. Queensland, Dutch New TAalerura (2) decorata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 369 (1896). Guinea. Cosmogonia decorata, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 4, p. 210 (1897). Metallochlora decorata, 'Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35. p. 606 (1910). 118. GENUS UROLITHA, MEYRICK Urotitha. Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 865 (1888). Characters. — lace smooth. Palpus in cf moderate, in OQ elongate. second joint scarcely rough-scaled, third joint smooth, in c quite moderate, in Q long. Tongue present. Antenna in both sexes ciliated, in Q very minutely. Pectus somewhat hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in cf dilated with hair-pencil, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdominal crests slight, somewhat metallic, often wanting. Frenulum in gf rather short, from before basal expansion, in Q wanting. Forewing with costa gently arched. apex rather acute, termen straight, moderately oblique, tornus pronounced, cell less than one-half, DC slightly incurved, SC! free (« or rarely anastomosing. with C » — Turner), SC? normal, R! short-stalked or connate, M! short-stalked or connate; hindwing with apex prominent, termen long, straight, the wing much produced to tornus, inner margin long, cell less than one-half, DC little oblique, C anastomosing at a point near base, rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R? very characteristic, M! stalked. Early stages unknown. Itis very doubtful whether this genus differs from Me/allochlora more than does Metallochlora inter se. M. albicinctaria and ueomela in part bridge over the gap in shape, leading on to the militaris-oroup, also with variable cresting. Type of the genus : Urolitha bipunctifera (Walker) — Iodis bipunctifera, Walker. Geographical distribution of species. — ^3ustralian. I. U. btpunctifera (Walker). S. E. to E. Australia. [odis bipunctifera, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22. p. 546 (1861). Urolitha bibunctifera, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 866 (1888). 119. GENUS MIXOLOPHIA, WARREN Mixolophia. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 391 (1894). Characters. — lace smooth. Palpus in cf rather short, second joint with moderately appressed scales, third joint small (in albzradiata second joint rough-scaled, third moderate). Tongue present. Antenna in gf subserrate, shortly ciliated. Pectus moderately hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in gf (albiradtata) dilated with hair-pencil and four short spurs. Abdomen strongly crested (in type with curved tufts). Frenulum in cf moderately strong, from before basal expansion. Forewing with costa arched at base and distally, nearly straight between, termen oblique, little curved, subcrenulate, cell nearly one-half, DC incurved, SC! from cell, free, SC? normal, R! short-stalked, M! approximated ; hindwing with termen subcrenulate, a prominent tooth at R?, cell short, DC? incurved, C anastomosing very briefly with cell near base (in aibiradiata merely approximated), rapidly diverging. SC? stalked, M! stalked. — FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 167 Early stages unknown. We have seen only one specimen of each species, that of ocrolauta with hindlegs lost. On account of their shape, etc., they are by no means certainly congeneric. Should ochrolauta prove to have only two spurs in the Cf, it might go with LopAocrita. The aspect is nearer that of Uliocnemis, etc., and altogether the position is still somewhat problematical. Type of the genus : Mixolophia ochrolauta, Warren (1894). Geographical distribution of species, — N. India. 1. M. ochrolauta, Warren. Bhutan. Mixolophia ochrolauta, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 391 (1894). Hemithea ochrolauta, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 490 (1895). 2. M. albiradiata (Warren) (huj. gen. ?). Assam. Uliocnemis albiradiata, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 356 (1893). Hemithea albiradiata, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 490 (1895). 120. GENUS EPISOTHALMA, SWwINHOE Episothalma. Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 12, p. 149 (1893). Chlorodontopera, sect. Episophthalma. Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 483 (1895). Characters. Face smooth, rounded. Palpus moderate, second joint shortly rough-scaled, third joint in cf rather small to moderate, in Q smooth, slender, moderate to long. Tongue developed. Antenna in cg dentate with fascicles of cilia, in Q nearly simple. Pectus and femora hairy. Hindtibia in G' sometimes dilated with hair-pencil, median spurs wanting or absolutely vestigial, in Q with all spurs usually present, but very variable in degree of development, the medians sometimes almost entirely obsolete. Abdomen with small crests. Frenulum in c rather strong, from before slight basal expansion, in Q quite rudimentary. Forewing with costa very gently arched, more strongly so towards apex, apex acute, termen usually crenulate, slightly incurved below apex, prominent or even sharply toothed at R?, thence very oblique, cell less than one-half, DC incurved, SC! free, SC? normal, R! con- nate or stalked, R? from rather near apex of cell, M! closely approximated to R?, exceptionally very shortly stalked; hindwing with termen crenulate, a strong tooth at R? and another (often less strong) at R!, more or less excised between, tornus pronounced, cell short, C very shortly appressed to or anastomosing with SC, then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R? from near apex of cell, M! approximated, connate or stalked. Cf genitalia with uncus pointed, socii large, angular, gnathos not united, harpe with clasper in fold, penis pestillate, spatulate, long coremata present; suggesting an alliance with Maw«ates. Early stages unknown. It seems feasible to regard this genus as approximately parental to Hemithea, though certainly retaining some signs of affinity with the more primitive genera CAlorodontofera, etc. Tyne of the genus : Episolhalma robustaria (Guenée) — Hemithea robustaria, Guenée — T halassodes sisunaga, Walker (1893). Geographical distribution of species. — India to New Guinea. I. E. robustaria (Guenée). India to Burma. Hemithea robustarta, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 383 (1858). T'halassodes sisunaga, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 550 (1861). Thalera robustaria, Walker, ibidem, p. 595 (1861). Thalassodes macruraria, Walker, ibidem, Vol. 26, p. 1561 (1862). Thalassodes fimbriaria, Walker, Char. Undescr. Lep. p. 97 (1869). ? Thalassodes indeterminata, Walker, ibidem, p. 98 (1866). 168 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Episothalma sisunaga, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 12. p. 150 (1893). Chlorodontopera robustaria, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol.3, p. 484 (1895). Episothalma robustaría, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 388 (1900). 2. E. ocellata, Swinhoe. Khásis. Episothalma ocellata, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 12, p. 218 (1893). Chlorodontopera ocellata, Hampson, Fauna 1nd. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 483 (1895). 3. E. obscurata, Warren. Fergusson Island to Dutch Episothalma obscurata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 289 (1896). New Guinea. 4. E. subaurata, Warren, New Guinea. Episothalma subaurata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 329 (1899). 5. E. cognataría, Swinhoe. Siam. Episothalma cognataría, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), Vol. 11, p. 510 (1903). 121. GENUS LOPHOCRITA, WARREN Lophocrita. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 389 (1894). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in gf rather short, second joint quite shortly rough-scaled beneath, third joint in gf small. Tongue present. Antenna 1n c slightly subserrate, with fascicles of cilia. Pectus moderately hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in c little dilated, but with a long slender pencil of hairs, median spurs wanting (no doubt present in Q). Abdomen with strong curved crests. Frenulum in cf moderately strong, but arising from before a basal expansion of hindwing. Forewing with costa gently arched, almost straight between, apex rather prominent, termen smooth, slightly curved, strongly oblique, cell nearly one-half, DC incurved, SC! from cell, free, SC? normal, R! short- stalked, M! approximated; hindwing with termen slightly curved from apex to R?, there weakly tailed, thence subcrenulate, tornus pronounced, inner margin long, cell short, DC? incurved, C anastomosing o with cell at a point near base, then strongly diverging, SC? stalked, M! stalked. Early stages unknown. We have unfortunately seen no 9 of this genus, but it appears to be so clearly a mere modifi- cation of Hemithea, distinguished by the much more highly developed crests, that we have no doubt the Q will prove to have all spurs present. Type of the genus : Lojphocrita undifera (Walker) — TAhalera undifera, Walker (1894). Geographical distribution of species. — Borneo. I. L. undtfera (Walker). Borneo, Thalera undifera, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 601 (1861). Lophocrita undifera, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 389 (1894). 122. GENUS HEMITHEA, DUPONCHEL Hemithea. Duponchel, Hist. Nat. Lép. Vol. 7 (2), p. 106, 233 (1829). Chlorochroma. Duponchel, Cat, Méth. Lép. Eur. p. 224 (1845). ? Geometrina. Motschulsky. Etud. Ent. Vol. 9, p. 35 (1860) r). 1) Motschulsky's diagnosis makes it quite certain that he was not dealing with a species of .Mega/oc/r/ora (as Warren, Novif. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 89, assumes), and highly probable that he had a /e»:tAea before him. That he considered Bremer's very bad figure of sfonsaria as similar to his own virédescentaréa shows little or nothing. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 169 Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus moderate to long, second joint shortly scaled, reaching beyond frons, third joint smooth, in Cf quite moderate, in Q elongate. Tongue developed. Antenna in gf ciliated (typically dentate-fasciculate), in Q minutely ciliated. Pectus somewhat hairy. Femora glabrous (except hindfemur of c). Hindtibia in gf long, with strong sheath and hair-pencil, no appre- ciably process, median spurs wanting, terminals not long, hindtarsus abbreviated (Fig. 15); hindtibia in Q with all spurs. Abdomen with small or moderate crests. Frenulum in C* present, arising from before IBIG2 15 basal expansion, in Q wanting. Forewing with costa somewhat arched, apex moderate, termen smooth, slightly curved. oblique, cell less than one-half, SC! from cell, usually iree, sometimes anastomosing with C, SC? normal, R! usually stalked, R? from above middle of cell, M! short- stalked, connate or closely approximated; hindwing with apex moderate, termen usually tailed or angled at R? (rarely only slightly bent), tornus pronounced, inner margin rather long, cell short, DC incurved, becoming rather oblique, C anastomosing with cell at a point near base, then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R? from considerably above middle of DC, M! short-stalked. cf genitalia : uncus pointed, with slender socii of equal -IRdleg ol HemitAea aestivaría, Hübner, g. length, gnathos almost atrophied, harpe with finely spined clasper, penis pestillate, short coremata present. Ecc. — Short oval, much flattened and with a large depression on upper side, slightly flattened at one end; surface shagreened; colour pale green (cf. Ent. Rec. Vol. 14, p. 246; Vol. 19, t. 9, f. 1). Lanva. — Thin and firm (twig-like), head bifid, prothorax with bifid anterior projection over head, body with decided lateral flange. In first instar with a number of club-shaped hairs and posteriorly on the dorsum of abdominal segments r-5 a T-shaped hair, resembling that upon the dorsal area of Hifparchus papiltonaria ; no actual covering as in the Comibaena-group, but the habit prevalent of spinning threads about the body, to which becomes attached foreign matter such as dust and dirt. In later stadia the hairs become progressively less specialized, the « balloon-shaped » process which correponds to the special organ of Comübaena and Euchloris (whereby they attach their clothing) not very conspicuous (Burrows, Ent. Rec. Vol. 19, p. 278). Pura. — Rather slender, light brown, with dark dorsal line; cremaster with eight hooks, four fairly uniform at extremity and two pairs more dorsal and lateral a little before extremity. Loosely spun among leaves. This genus and the following, though distinct in several characters in their typical forms, are so connected by intergrades that it is difficult to maintain them on a rigid classificatory system. AII the strongly tailed or angled species (with the possible exception of sub/lavida, of which we have not access to an undamaged specimen) have also the crested abdomen, and this combination of characters furnishes the typical Hemithea. But a few with appreciably angled hindwing (CAlorissa pretiosaria, at least) have no sign of crests, while a few African forms with rounded hindwing (e. g. dorsicristata) are more or less well crested. The type species of CZlorissa has itself frequently two minute crests, and we have observed no instance, even in the African species, where the number is more than two. As there is no true (angled and fully crested) species of Hemilhea known in Aífrica it seems quite clear that dorsicristata is a development of CZ/orissa and we are compelled here to consider the wing-form as equally important with the cresting. Type of the genus : /7Temilhea aestivaria (Hübner) — P/Aalaena Geometra aestivaria, Hübner (1829). 170 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Geographical distribution of species. — Palvarctic, Indo-Australian. I. H. aestivaria (Hübner). Europe to E. Asia. Phalaena Geometra strigata, Müller, Fauna Ins. Frid. p. 51 (1764) (nec Scopoli, 1763). Phalaena vernaría (? Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 620, 1775). Meyer, Fuessly's Mag Ent. Vol. 2, p. 34 (1779) (nec Linné). Phalaena Geometra thymiaria |Schiffermüller|, Schmett. Wien, p. 97 (1775) (nec Linné). ? Phalaena herbacea [Geoffroy], Fourcroy's Ent. Paris. (2), p. 282 (1785) (nom. dubium). Phalaena Geometra aestivaria, Hübner, Beitr. Schmett. Vol. 1 (4), p- 22, t. 3, f. R (1789). ? Phalaena. Geometra bajularia, Lang, Verz. Schmett. (ed. 2). p. 174 (1789) ! (nec Schiffermüller). Geometra aestivaria, Hübner, Samml. Eur. Schmett, Geom. t 2, f.9 (17967); p. 16 (1800?). Macaria thymiata, Curtis, Brit. Ent. Vol. 3, p. 132 (1826). Thalera thymiaria, Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett, p. 285 (18267). Hemithea aestivaria, Duponchel, Hist. Nat Lép. Vol. 7 (2), p. 106 (1829); Prout, Ent. Rec. Vol. 12, p. 182 (1900). Ptiychopoda thymiaria, Stephens, Cat. Brit. Ins. (2), p. 153 (1829). Ptychopoda vernaria, Stephens, ibidem, p. 153 (1829). Chlorissa thymiaria, Stephens, Ill. Haust. Vol. 3, p. 316 (1831). Chlorochroma aestivaria, Duponchel, Cat. Méth. Lép. Eur. p. 224 (1845). Nemoria fimbriata, Lederer, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ver. Wien, Vol. 3, p. 172 (1853) (nec Hufnagel). Thalera aestivaria, Stephens, List Brit. Anim. Brit. Mus. Vol. 5, p. 225 (1856). Hemithea thymiaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 384 (1858). Nemoriía strigata, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 1), p. 63 (1861). Hemithea strigata, Berce, Faune Ent. Fr. Lép. Vol. 5, p. 112 (1873). ? Nemoria alboundulata, Hedemann, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 14, p. 511, t. 3, f. 8/1879) (ab.). Thalera strigata, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 141 (1889). 2. H. insularia, Guenée 1). Singapore to Philippines, Hemithea insularia, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 385 (1858). ? India. 3. H. tritonaria (Walker). India and China to Java, Thalassodes tritonaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1560 Philippines. (1862). Thalassodes leucospilota, Hampson, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. o, p. 145, t. 176, f. 3 (1893) (nec Moore). Hemithea tritonaria, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 491 (1895). 4. H. wuka (Pagenstecher). Bali to Woodlark Island, Iodis wuka, Pagenstecher, Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Nat. Vol. 39, p. 153 (1886). N. Australia. Nemoria iosoma, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 495 (1889; Hemithea pictifimbria, Narren, Novit. Zocl. Vol. 3, p. 290 (1896. Hemithea insularia, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 604 (1910) (nec Guenée). 5. IT. viridescentaria (Motschulsky) (huj. gen. ?). Japan. Geometrina viridescentaria, Motschulsky, Etüd. Ent. Vol. o, p. 36 (1860). x 6. H. ussuriaria (Bremer). S. E. Siberia, E. China. Iodes ussuriaria, Bremer. Mém. Acad. Sc. St-Pétersb. Vol. 8, p. 77, t. 6, f. 24 (1864). ? Hemithea. albouidulata (part.), Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 4, p. 565 (1896) (nec Hedemann;!. Nemoria ussuriaria, Püngeler, Iris, Vol. 10, p. 362 (1898). Hemithea ussuriaria, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 3), p. 265 (19or). 1) A. group of closely-allied species or forms, to which have been given the names of z»sw/aria, £rifonaria, ua, fosoma and fictifimbria, is still in considerable confusion, and we have had neither the time nor the material to work it out thoroughly. The synonymy and distribution here given must consequently be regarded as merely provisional. FAM. GEOMETRID/E . H. distinctaria (Walker). Thalassodes distinctaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 35, p. 1607 (1866). Hemithea rubrifrons, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 393 (1894). Hemithea distincta, Warren, ibidem, p. 393 (1894). 8. H. marina (Butler). Thalassodes marina, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 1, p. 399 (1578). Euchloris putata (part.), Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 95 (1892) (nec Linné). Iodis marina, Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 64. p. 481 (1895). 9. H. amphitritaria (Oberthür). Nemoria amphitritaria, Oberthür, Diag. Lép. Askold, p. 5/1879); Etud. Ent. Vol. 5, p. 49, t. 4, f. 8 (1880). ? Hemithea obliterata, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 233 (1897) (nec Walker). 10. H. costipunctata (Moore). I Thalera costipunctata, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 428, t. 195, f. 4 (1887). Thalera graminea, Hampson, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 8, p. 109, t. 151, f. 1 (1891). Hemithea graminea, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 491 (1895). Hemithea costipunclata, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 392 (1900). 1I. H. rubrificta, Warren. Hemithea rabripicta, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 353 (1893). 12. H. nigropunctata, Warren. Hemithea nigropunctata, Warren, Proc. Zool.Soc. Lond. p. 353, t.31, f. 4 (1893). ? Nemoria amphitritaria, Püngeler, Iris, Vol. 10, p. 362 (1898) (nec Oberthür). 13. H. aquamarina, Hampson. Omphax (7?) marina, Butler, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 7, p. 21 (1889) (nec Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 1, p. 399, 1878). Hemithea aquamarina, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 491 (1895). Hemithea unicolor, Warren, MS. (in coll. Brit. Mus.). 14. H. subflavida, Warren. Hemithea subflavida, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 290 (1896). Hemithea subflavida reducta, Warren, ibidem, p. 367 (1896) 1). Lophocrita undifera (part.), Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 672 (1902) (nec Walker). 15. H. quadrifpunctata, Warren. Hemithea quadripunctata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 367 (1896). 16. H. unilinearia, Leech. Hemithea unilincaría, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 232 (1897). 17. H. fellucidula (Turner). Nemoria. pellucidula, Turner, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 3o, p. 129 (1906). Hemithea pellucidula, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 604 1910). NorE. — Hemithea vacua, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1902, p. label) belongs to the Actialimnae. N. India, Tibet. japan. E. Siberia, ? Japan, ? East China. India with Ceylon, Burma. N. India. N. India, ? Japan. N. India. Fergusson Island, New Gui- nea. Dutch Timor. W. China. N. Queensland. 671 (NNemoria vacua on type 123. GENUS ANOPLOSCELES, WARREN Anoplosceles. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 363 (1896). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in cf moderately long, second joint rather shortly scaled, third joint smooth, elongate (Q unknown). Tongue present. Antenna in cf thick, lamellate, scarcely 1) The locality was by inadvertence published as « Cedar Bay, Queensland »; according to the type label, which is certainly correct, it should be Humboldt Bay, New Guinea. Swinhoe (Zrams. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1902, p. 672) has corrected this, but without comment. 172 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA ciliated. Pectus somewhat hairy. Hindtibia in gf dilated with hair-pencil, all spurs wanting (in 9 ?); hindtarsus in gf short. Abdomen apparently not crested. Frenulum in gf slender, from before basal expansion. Forewing with costa arched, apex prominent, termen smooth, oblique, curved, cell about two-fifths, DC incurved, SC! from cell, anastomosing shortly with C. SC? normal, R! separate, R? from above middle, M!approximated at origin to R?; hindwing with apex moderate, termen produced to a tail at R?; tornus pronounced, cell short, C anastomosing at a point near base, SC? stalked, R? from much above middle, M! stalked. Early stages unknown. An evident offshoot of Hemithea. Tyne of the genus : Anoplosceles nigripunctata, Warren. Geographical distribution of species. — Java. 1. A. nigripunctata, Warren. W. Java. Anoplosceles nigripunctata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 363 (1896). 124. GENUs CHLORISSA, STEPHENS Chlorissa. Stephens, Ill. Haust. Vol. 3, p. 315 (1831); Westwood, Classif. Ins. Gen. Synopsis, p- 100 (1840). Nemoria. Lederer, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ver. Wien, Vol. 3, p. 172 (1853) (nec Hübner, Moore restr.). Phaiogramma. Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 49, p. 326 (1887); iIViol 65 epar rSoo) Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus quite moderate to long, second joint shortly rough-scaled, third joint in gf usually small, in Q quite moderate (the type species, etc.) to long (Pulmentaria, etc.), rather short in the American species. Tongue present. Antenna in C ciliated (usually evenly), in Q minutely ciliated. Pectus somewhat hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in C elongate, with sheath and hair-pencil, and two short terminal spurs (medians wanting); in Q with all spurs. Abdomen without or (especially in the African species) with two small dorsal crests. Frenulum in cf slender, from before basal expansion, in Q wanting. Forewing with costa gently arched, apex moderate, termen smooth, nearly straight or slightly curved, moderately oblique, cell rather short, DC incurved, SC! usually from cell (stalked in dorsicristata and afflictaria, and sometimes in wunilinea?), usually free, occasionally anastom- osing with C, SC? normal, R! connate or very shortly stalked, M! connate or very shortly stalked, exceptionally just separate; hindwing with termen weakly elbowed or quite rounded, very rarely with a definite angle, never tailed, cell short, DC somewhat incurved, C anastomosing with cell at a point near base, then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R? characteristic, M! stalked (except sometimes in the American species). c genitalia : uncus pointed, with slender socii of equal length (in Pulmeníar:za larger, bird's-head-shaped), gnathos almost atrophied, harpe rounded, typically with long clubbed scales and with a strong, angulated, scobinated projection on the inner margin; penis pestillate, widened above, with large striated cornulus (minute cornuli in julmeníaria); a pointed scobinated projection of the termination of the eighth sternite. Ecc. — Elliptical, flattened above and below; surface in viridata with hexagonal pattern, in subcroceata smooth, finely shagreened ; green, changing to yellowish (Burrows, Ent. Rec. Vol. 20, p. 131, t. ro, f. ri, 14; Dyar, Psyche, Vol. 8, p. 386). FAM. GEOMETRID/E 173 Lamgva. — Rather slender, twig-like, surface granulated, lateral flange present, but less developed than in Hemithea, etc. ; setze in the earliest stages short and club-shaped, no specialized hairs such as those of Comibaena, Hipparchus or even Hemithea. Head and prothorax bifid, scarcely appreciably in first stadium (Burrows, Ent. Rec. Vol. 20, p. r34; cf. Dyar on subcroceata, loc. cit.). Pura. — Rather truncated in front, but slender and pointed behind ; colour dull pale ochreous, head and wing-cases dusky, a dark line down the back, spiracles black (Hellins, Ent. M. Mag. Vol. rz, pq4263)* Tyne of the genus : C/ilorissa viridata (Linné) — PAalaena Geometra viridata, Linné (1840). Geographical distribution of species. — Palcarctic, Nearctic, India, Africa. I. C. viridaía (Linné). Europe to Central Asia, Phalaena Geometya viridata, Linné, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10), p. 523 (1758). DESEAS Phalaena volutata, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 635 (1775) 1). ? Phalaena syrene [Geoffroy], Fourcroy's Ent. Paris. p.286 (1785) (nov. syn.). Geometra viridaria, Hübner. Samml. Eur. Schmett. Geom. t. 2, f. 11 (1706?); p. 16 (1800?). Geometra vernaria, Haworth, Lep. Brit. (2), p. 3oo (1809) (nec Linné). Nemoria viridaria, Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 285 (1826?). Hipparchus viridatus, Stephens, Cat. Brit. Ins. (2), p. 122 (1829). Hemithea viridaria, Duponchel, Hist. Nat. Lép. Vol. 7 (2), p. 246, t. 151, f. 4 (1829). Macaria viridata, Curtis, Guide Brit. Ins., col. 165 (1831). Chlorissa viridata, Stephens, Ill. Haust. Vol. 3, p. 316 (183r). Chlorissa cloraria, Stephens, ibidem, p. 316 (1831) (nec Hübner). Nemoria viridata, Lederer, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ver. Wien, Vol. 3, p. 172 (1853). [Geometra] prasinata, Werneburg, Beitr. Schmett. Vol. 1, p. 225 (1864). Nemoria viridata ab. mathewi, Bankes, Ent. Rec. Vol. 19, p. 210 (1997) (ab.?). Nemorta viridata ab. rufotincta, Burrows, ibidem, Vol 20, p. 132 (1908) (ab.?). Nemoria viridata ab. oltvaceo-marginata, ab. concavilinea et ab. caerulescens Burrows, ibidem, p. 132 (1908! (aberr.). Nemorta viridata ab. vosearía, Culot, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 270 / 1910) (ab. ?). 2. C. melinaria (Herrich-Scháffer) (prec. var. vel syn. ?). Ural. ? Hemithea herbaria, Boisduval, Gen. Ind. Meth. Eur. Lep. p. 180 (1840) (nec Hübner) 2). Geometra cloraría, Eversmann, Fauna Lep. Volg. Ural. p. 367 (1844) (teste Herrich-Scháffer) (nec Hübner). Geometra melinaria, Herrich-Schàffer, Syst. Bearb. Schmett, Eur. Vol. 3, t. 67, fr. 413 (1848); Vol. 6, p. 63 (1852). 3. C. cloraría (Hübner). Central and S. Europe (to Geometra cloraria, Hübner, Samml. Eur. Schmett. t. 68, f. 352 (18087). 'Turkestan ?). Geometra porrinata, Zeller, Stett. Ent Zeit. Vol. 9, p. 273 (1848) nov. syn.). [Geometra] etruscaria (part.), Zeller, ibidem, Vol. 1o, p. 203 (1849) 3). Geometra porrinaria, Herrich-Scháffer, Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Eur. Vol. 6, p. 63 (1852); t. 9r, f. 566 (1855). Nemoria porrinata, Lederer, Verh. Zool-bot. Ver. Wien, Vol. 3, p. 172 (1853). Nemoria prasinata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1556 (1862) (in err. pro forrinata). Nemoria porrinata ab. rosea, Gumppenberg, Nova. Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 64, p. 492 (1895) (ab.?). 4. C. solidaria (Guenée). India with Ceylon, ? Abys- Nemoría solidaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o, p. 348 (1858). sinia. Iodis discessa, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 544 (1861). ' 1) Vide Ez. Rec. Vol. 12, p. 180; « seticornis» in the Fabrician description supports the determination of Borkhausen against the later ones. 2) Suggested by Guenée (.S5ec. Gén. Lef. Vol. 9, p. 347, 350! on the evidence of coll. Boisduval. But the last-named author gives « Galloprov. » as locality. 3) Vide Zeller, .5Ze//. nf. Zert. Vol. 33, p. 56. LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA N'emor:a lataria, Walker, ibidem, Vol. 26, p. 1558 (1862). N'emoria frequens, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 616 (1881). Nemoria parvulata, Swinhoe, ibidem, p. 854 (1885) (nec Walker). 5. C. pulmentaria (Guenée). Hemithea cloraría, Duponchel, Hist. Nat. Lép. Vol. 8 (1). p. 549, t. 210, f. 1 (1830) (nec Hübner). [Geometra] etruscaria (part.), Zeller, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. ro, p. 203 (1849) 1). Nemoria cloraria, Lederer, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ver. Wien, Vol. 3, p. 172 (1853). Nemoria pulmentaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 349 (1858). ? Nemoria viridata var. insignata, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 3), p. 263 (1901). ? Nemoria pulmentaria var. palaestinensis (part.), Fuchs, Soc. Ent. Zurich, Vol. 18, p. 5x (1903!. 6. C. obliterata (N'alker). Nemoria obliterata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1558 (1862). ? Nemoria viridata (part.), Staudinger, Iris, Vol. 10, p. 9 (1897); viridaria (part.), Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6). Vol. 20, p. 240 (1897) (nec Linné). 7. C. attenuata (Walker). Nemoria(?) attenuata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1558 (1862). ? [odis reductata, Walker, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 1606 (1866). ? Nemoria attenuata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 42 (1897. 8. C. faustinata ( Milliere) 2). N'emoria faustinata, Milliére, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon (n. s.), Vol. 17. p. 26, t. 96, f. 2-8 (1869). Phaiogramma faustinata, Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 65, p. 278 (1896). Nemoria pulmentaría var. palaestinensis (part.?), Fuchs, Soc. Ent. Zurich, Vol. 18, p. 51 (1903) (nov. syn.: teste Püngeler in litt.). 9. C. fretiosaria (Staudinger). Nemoria pretiosaria, Staudinger, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 38, p. 202 (1877). N'emoria gelida, Butler, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 7, p. 21, 104, t. 136, f. 5 (1889) (nov. syn.). Nemoria pretiosaria var. gigantaria, Staudinger. Iris, Vol. 5, p. 143 (1892). Hemithea (?) anomala, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 106 (1896). Io. C. slibolepida (Butler). Comibaena stibolepida, Butler, Cist. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 394 (1379). ? Nemoria pallidularia, Mabille, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (5), Vol. o, p. 333 (1880). (nov. syn.). Hemithea albistrigulata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 39 (1897). Nemoria albistrigulata, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 5, p. 235 (1898) (nov. syn.). Jodis stibolepida, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 547 (1904). II. C. confusaria (Staudinger) (huj. gen. ?). [Nemoria] confusaria, Staudinger, Iris, Vol. 5, p. 144 (1892) ; Vol. 10, p. 10 (1897). 12. C. functifimbria (Warren). Hemithea (?) punctifimbria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 366 (1896). 13. C. approximans (Waren). Hemithea approximans, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 39 (1897). N'emoria approximans, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 5, p. 235 (1898). 14. C. malescripta (Warren). Hemithea malescripta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 40 (1897). Nemoria malescripta, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 5, p. 235 (1898). 15. C. simplex (Warren) (gen. Henmithea?). Hemithea simplex, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 40 (1897). Nemoria simplex, Warren. ibidem, Vol. 5, p. 235 (1895). Iodis pariciliata, Fuchs, Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Nat. Vol. 55, p. 86 (1902) (nov. syn.) 3). 1) See footnote to No. 3, supra. S. Europe to Central Asia, N. Africa. E. China. Japan. Cape. Spain, Syria, ? Egypt. N. W. India and W. China to Ferghana and Trans- caucasia. W. Africa to Madagascar. Natal and E. Siberia. Bombay. Natal, Mashonaland. Natal, ? British E. Africa. java, Sumatra. 2) This species, so/idaria and sfióolebida. are evidently very close relatives, possibly even forms of one widely-spread species. 3) Published as « 7odzs (.Vemorra vel potius /emitAea ?) partciliafa » (V). kA4 FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 175 16. C. untlinea (Warren) (ead. ac attenuata ?). Cape to Mashonaland. Hemithea unilinea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 40 (1897). Nemoria unilinea, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 5, p. 235 (1898). 17. C. vermiculata (Warren). Nager. Hemithea vermiculata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 41 (1897). Nemoria vermiculata, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 5, p. 235 (1898). 18. C. afflictaria (Swinhoe). Sierra Leone. N'emorta afflictaría, Swinhoe, 'Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 549 (1904). I9. C. dorsicristata (Warren). Natal. Nemorta dorsicristata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. 34 (1905). 20. C. pislasciaria (Guenée). Eastern U. S. A. Nemoria (?) pistasciaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 348 (1858). ? Acidalia (?) insecutata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1613 (1862) (nov. syn.) r1). Thalera superata, Walker, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 1612 (1866). Nemoria pistaciata, Packard, Mem. Geom. U. S. A. p. 374, t. 10, f. 80 (1876). N'emoria pistacearia, Hulst, Ent. News, Philad. Vol. 6, p. 71 (1895). CAlorochroma pistaceata, Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 64, p. 495 (1895). Nemoria pistaceata, Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 52, p. 299 (1902). 21. C. euchloraria (Guenée) (huj. gen. ?). Eastern U. S. A. Iodis euchloraria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 355 (1855). 22. C. subcroceata (Walker). Eastern U. S. A. Nemoria subcroceata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1557 (1862). Chlorochroma incertata var. subcroceata, Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 64, p. 495 (1895). Nemoria auranticolorata, Strecker, Lep. Het. Suppl. 2, p. 8(1899) (nov. syn.). ? Nemoria dyarii, Hulst, The Canad. Entom. Vol. 32, p. 105 (1900) (nov. syn.j. Eucrostis incertata, Holland, Moth Book, p. 336, t. 43, f. 18 (1903) inec Walker). NorE. — Nemoria untfasciata, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. 535, belongs to the Geomcetrinae. (Boarmiinae, auctt.); N. brunneifrons, Hampson, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. Vol. 19 (2), p. 126, to the Acidaliinae. 125. GeNUs MESOTHEA, WARREN Mesothea. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 446 (19or). Eucrostis. Hulst, l'rans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p. 313 (1896) (nec Eucrostes, Hübner). Characters. — lace somewhat rough-scaled. Eye small. Palpus in both sexes short, second joint with long rough scaling. third joint small, concealed. Tongue present. Antenna about one-half, in cf* dentate, with fascicles of cilia, in Q nearly simple. Pectus densely hairy. Femora hairy. Hindtibia in gf not dilated, in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in cf weak and colourless, arising from before basal expansion, in Q wanting. Forewing with costa slightly arched at base, then nearly straight, apex moderate, termen smooth. slightly curved, oblique, tornus somewhat rounded off, cell not quite one-half, DC incurved, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C or free (variable in both species), SC? normal, occasionally anastomosing with SC!, R! connate, shortstalked or approximated, M! separate; hindwing with termen usually slightly bent at R?, cell less than one-half, 1) The type without locality; agrees very well with 2/s/ascíaria, only Mt of hindwing is stalked (about connate in our only 2zsfasctaría). 176 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA DC incurved, C anastomosing at a point with cell, then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, M! connate or short-stalked. Ecc. — Elliptical, disk-like, flattened concave above and below with sharp edges, one end a little more rounded-pointed than the other, narrower; smooth and shining, with small, narrow and obscure reticulations (Dyar, Psyche, Vol. 9, p. 287). Lamva. — Slender, cylindrical, head strongly bilobed, the lobes produced into erect conical horns. prothorax produced anteriorly into similar but smaller cones, skin-surface finely granulated, tubercles and setze very small in first instar, becoming obsolete, anal plate pointed, anal legs extended laterally with large plates (Dyar, loc. cit., complete description of viridipennata in its five stages). PuPa. — Apparently undescribed ; enclosed in a cocoon of a few strands of silk between leaves (Dyar, loc. cit.). A very distinct genus, though probably related to CAlorissa, especially its American representatives. Type of the genus : Mesolhea inceríata (Walker) — Nemoria incertata, Walker (1901). Geographical distribution of species. — Noearctic. 1. M. incertata (Walker). Eastern N. America. Nemoria incertata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1557 (1862). N'emoria oporaria, Zeller, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 22. p. 481 (1872). Nemoria gratata (Walker, MS.) Packard, Mon. Geom. U. S. ^. p. 373, t. 10, f. 79 (1876). CAlorochroma gratata, Gumppenberg. Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 64, p. 494 (1895). Chlorochroma incertata, Gumppenberg., ibidem, p. 495 (1895). Eucrostis incertata, Hulst, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p. 313 (1896). Mesothea incertata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 446 ' 1901). 2. M. viridipennata ( Hulst). Western N. America. Eucrostis viridipennata, Hulst, ''rans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p.313 (1896). 126. GeNus CHLOROCHLAMYS, HurLsT Chlorochlamys. Iulst, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 233, p. 312 (1896). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus rather long, at least in Q, second joint moderately rough- scaled, third joint smooth, in cf quite moderate, in Q long. Tongue present. Antenna moderate, in c bipectinate with long branches, apical part merely serrate; in Q nearly simple. Pectus somewhat hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in cf dilated with hair-pencil, median spurs wanting. in Q with all spurs. Hindtarsus in &' short. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum im c very slender, arising from before basal expansion; in Q rudimentary. Forewing with costa somewhat arched, apex moderate, termen smooth, oblique, gently curved, cell not quite one-half, DC incutrved, SC! from cell, usually anastomosing with C, SC? normal, R! connate or short-stalked, M! connate or short-stalked; hindwing with termen rounded or very weakly excised between R! and R?, cell rather less than one-half, DC incurved, C anastomosing at a point near base, rather rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, M! stalked. Langva. — Head small, subquadrate, deeply bifid, prothorax with two small anterior dorsal projections, body thickest behind, much attenuated anteriorly. Feeds on various flowers (Goodell, The Canad. Entom. Vol. 12, p. 235; Hulst, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. Vol. 2, p. 78). FAM. GEOMETRIDZE I - - PuPA. — Light brown of varying shade, irregularly black-spotted and with black dorsal line ; in slight cocoon among leaves (Goodell and FTulst, in loc. cit.). Evidently a New-World development of C/lorissa, differing little, except in the antenna. Type of the genus : C/lorochlamys chloroleucaría (Guenée) — Nemoria chloroleucaria, Guenée (1896). Geographical distribution of species. — North America. 1. C. chloloreucaria (Guenée). Canada, U. S. A. N'emoria chloroleucaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 351 (1858). N'emoria indiscriminata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus, Vol. 26, p. 1556 (1862). Nemoria (?) densaria, Walker, ibidem, p. 1557 (1862). Thalassodes deprivata, Walker, ibidem, p. 1559 (1862). Eucrostis vectilinea, Zeller, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien. Vol. 22. p. 480 (1872) (nov. syn. ; sec. specim. typ.). Eucrostis chloroleucaria, Packard. Mon. Geom. U. S. A. p. 370, t. 10, f. 7 (1876). Euchrostes chloroleucaria, Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 64, p. 488 (1895). 7 S] . C. fhyllinaria (Zeller). (Texas to Arizona. Eucrostis phyllinaria, Zeller, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 22, p. 479 (1872). CAlorochlamys vertaria, Pearsall, The Canad. Entom. Vol. 40, p. 197 (1908) (nov. syn.). 3. C. selleraría (Packard). "Texas, New Mexico. Eucrostis zelleraria, Packard, Mon. Geom. U. S. A. p.370, t. 10, f. 76 (1876). Nemoria phyllinaria, Hulst, Ent. News, Philad.Vol.6, p. 71 (1895) (nec Zeller). Chlorochlamys phyllinaria, Hulst, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.Vol. 23, p.313 (1896). 4. C. masonaria (Schaus). Arizona to Costa Rica. Nemoria masonaria, Schaus, Journ. New York Ent. Soc.Vol. 5, p. 161 (1897). Chlorochlamys volantaria, Pearsall, Sc. Bull. Brooklyn Inst. Mus. Vol. 1 (8), p. 214 (1906) (var. ?). Gelasma masonaria, Dyar, Proc, Ent. Soc. Wash. Vol. 10, p. 34 (1908). 5. C. inveterascaria, Swett. Arizona. Chlorochlamys inveterascaría, Swett,'The Canad. Entom.Vol. 39, p.379 (1907). 6. C. afpellaria, Pearsall. Arizona. Chlorochlamys appellaria, Pearsall,' The Canad. Entom. Vol. 43, p. 206 (1911). 7. C. curvifera, nov. sp. 1), Prout. Arizona. 8. C. triangularis, nov. sp. 2). Prout. California. 1) Chlorochlamys curvifera, nov. sp. — O,20 mm. Face green (abraded, but a few green scales remaining on upper part). Palpus deep ochreous, third joint quite moderate, partly concealed by projecting scales of second joint. Vertex greenish white. Thorax green above, abdomen paler. Fore- and middle- legs largely deep ochreous. Forewing slightly more elongate than in the type ; SC! anastomosing strongly with (or apparently running into) C ; somewhat bluish green, costal edge very narrowly pale ochreous; lines slender, whitish ochreous, each forming a regular, gentle curve, the antemedian from costa at one-third, the postmedian at somewhat beyond two-thirds, fringe green in proximal half, whitish ochreous in distal. Hindwing with termen rounded, inner msrgin less long than in type-species, without antemedian line; postmedian slightly more sinuous than on forewing. Underside paler, especially of hindwing; antemedian line wanting, postmedian barely traceable. Phoenix, Arizona, 7th September, r9o4 (R. E. Kunze). Type in coll. Brit. Mus. 2) Chlorochlamys triangu!aris, nov. sp. — 9, 24 mm. Face, palpus and legs deep, bright ochreous. Palpus at least as long as in chZoroleucaría, stouter, wirh long strong terminal joint. Vertex pale green, tinged with ochreous between the antennz; antenna pale ochreous. Thorax green above, abdomen rather paler. Forewing with apex slightly more acute than in c/oro/eucaría, termen rather straight, oblique; SC! tree; light olive green, costal edge narrowly deep ochreous; lines at one-third and two-thirds, fine, pale ochreous, slightly curved and very slightly sinuous; fringe green, very indistinetly chequered, the darker patches being opposite the vein-ends. Hindwing with termen somewbat sinuous, straight or almost incurved from R! to R?, appreciably bent at R?; antemedian line absent, postmedian slightly sinuous, very slightly bent at R?, thence rather more oblique, reaching inner margin at about three-fourths. Underside paler, especially of hindwing, postmedian faintly discernible on forewing. Head of Noyo, Mendocino County, California, collected (8-rx June, 1871) and presented by Lord Walsingham. Type in coll. Brit. Mus. A worn C (smaller) from the same collection, and no doubt of the same species, has the lines nearer together, and shows the antennal pectinations to be slightly shorter than in cAZorvencaria. NorE. — A specimen of CA/orocAlamys from the Godman collection, included by Druce ( Bzo. Ceztr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. o4] among 4maurinta simplicearia, Walker, is too worn to determine or describe, but is evidently not »asoxar:a, the only species of the genus yet recorded from Central America. Its locality is Volcan de Atitlan. 178 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 127. GENUS CHLOROPTERYX, HursT Chloropteryx. Hulst, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p. 314 (1896). Hypnochlora. Schaus, Journ. New York Ent. Soc. Vol. 5, p. 161 (1897) (indescr.). Characters. — Face smooth, rather narrow. Palpus slender, third joint in both sexes smooth and exposed, in c (of type species) about half as long as second joint, in O long to very long. Tongue present. Antenna in gf bipectinate (except in decipiems); the branches long, ceasing rather abruptly, apical portion (about fifteen joints in type species) merely serrate; in Q nearly always nearly simple or at most dentate, very shortly ciliated 1). Pectus slightly hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in c long, with ensheathed hair-pencil and nearly always with a short terminal process, median spurs wanting, tarsus abbreviated; hindtibia in Q with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in cf moderately long, but slender, arising before basal expansion; in Q wanting. Wings often thinly scaled, more or less iridescent. Forewing with costa slightly arched. apex moderate to rather acute, termen straight or slightly curved, cell rather less than one-half, DC? inbent, SC! stalked with SC?5 (or from close to their base), usually anastomosing with C, SC? normal, R! usually stalked, M! connate, stalked or approxim- ated; hindwing elongate, angled or tailed at R?, tornus pronounced, inner margin long, cell rather short, DC? oblique posteriorly, C anastomosing with SC at a point near base, rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, M! stalked. Early stages unknown. 'This genus bears almost the same relationship to CAlorochlamys as Hemithea does to Chlorissa, being distinguished chiefly by the angulated hindwing. The frequent stalking of SC! of the forewing and the usual better development of the c hindtibial process are supplementary characters, but they are inconstant, and it is possible that the genera, distinct enouzh in their tvpical forms, will prove to inter- grade. We are indebted to Dr. Harrison G. Dyar and Mr. R. EF. Pearsall for the generic characters of the type species, which, however, is very closely related to some well-known South American species. Type of the genus : CAloropteryx tepperaria, ITulst (1896). Geographical distribution of species. — Neotropical, with one species in the Southern United States. 1. C. tepperavia (Hulst). N. Carolina to Florida. N'emoria tepperaria, Hulst, Ent. Amer. Vol. 2, p. 122 (1886). CAloropteryx tepperaria, Hulst, Trans. Amer. Ent, Soc. Vol.23, p. 314 (1896). 2. C. produciaria (Herrich-Scháffer). Brazil (?). Thalera productaria, Herrich-Scháffer, Samml. Aussereur, Schmett, Vol. r, t. 6r, f. 342 (1855); p. 36 (1856). Iodis productaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. p. 357 (1858). 3. C. clemens (Warren) (prac. var.?). Mexico to Ecuador and Iodis productaria (part.), Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, Guianas. p. 55 (1892). Gelasma clemens, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. 317 (1005). 4. C. paularia (Móschler). Jamaica, Cuba. Nemoria paularia, Móschler, Abh. Senckenb. Nat. Ges. Vol. 14 (3), p. 68 (1886). ? Aplodes punctata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 19 (1904). 1) According to. Warren, JVovif. Zoo/. Vol. 16, p. 76, bipectinate in suórzfescens. Our examples — including one from the locality whence the species was originally described — do not bear this out, and there are probably two very close allies mixed ; in any case Warren's note prove the existence of one pectinate species in the genus. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 179 4 5. C. spumosaria (Dognin). Peru, ? Ecuador. Thalera spumosarta, Dognin. Le Naturaliste, Vol. 14, p. 237 (1892). 6. C. albidata (Warren) (prac. var.?). Mexico to Brazil. Gelasma albidata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 425 (1897). Hypnochlora olvidaria, Schaus, Journ. New York Ent. Soc. Vol. 5, p. 161 1897). Os datas Dognin, Aun. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 42, p. 218 (1898). 7. C. munda (Warren). Panama to Argentina. Gelasma munda, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 425 (1897). 8. C. glauctptera (Hampson). W. Indies, Venezuela. Nemoria glauciptera, Hampson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 16, p. 333 (1895). Iodis languescens, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 425 (1897) (nov. syn.). 9. C. chaga (Dognin). Ecuador. Nemoria chaga, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 42, p. 216 (1898). I0. C. lechera (Dognin). Ecuador. Iodis lechera, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg Vol. 42, p. 216 (1898). II. C. femithearia (Warren). Brazil to Venezuela. Gelasma hemithearia, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 133 (1900). 12. C. longipalpis (Warren). Venezuela. Iodis (?) longipalpis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7. p. 134 (1900) 13. C. nordicaria (Schaus). Mexico. Gelasma nordicaria, Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 27, p. 253 (190r). 14. C. stigmatica (Warren). Peru, ? Columbia. Gelasma stigmatica, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r1, p. 20 (1904). 15. C. subrufescens (Warren). Guianasto Peru, Paraguay. Gelasma subrufescens, Warren, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 3o, p. 417 (1906). Gelasma subrufescens ab. (2?) pallesceus, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 76 (1909) (ab. ?). 16. C. punctilinea (Dognin). French Guiana. Gelasma punctilinea, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent, Belg. Vol. 53, p. 88 (1909). 17. C. dealbata (Warren) Peru. Gelasma dealbata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 76 (1909). 18. C. decipiens (Warren). Een Hemithea decipiens, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 77 (1909). 19. C. diluta (Dognin). Colombia. Gelasma diluta. Dognin. Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 18. p. 160 (1911). 20. C. pacifica, nov. sp. 1), Prout. W. Peru, Chili. 21. C. acerces, nov. sp. 2), Prout. Brazil. 1) Chloropteryx pacifica, nov. sp. — 3 O, 18-23 mm. Face red-brown. Palpus red, whitish beneath. Head pale green, marked with white between the anrenn:z. Antennal shaft white proximally, red-brown distally, inner series of d pectinations reddish, outer pale. Thorax pale green. Foreleg reddish above, whitish beneath. Abdomen tinged with reddish dorsally. Wings pale watery green, smoothly scaled ; costa of forewing narrowly ochreous, fuscous-dotted. Forewing with two slender, not very conspicuous darkened lines, at one-third and two-thirds, the ante- median rather straight or somewhat sinuous, thickest und most distinct on the veins, the postmedian similar, sinuous, a very fine pale yellowish line at base of fringe; fringe slightly paler than wing. Hindwing with angle at R? rather weak; similar to forewing, an elongate cell-mark in place of antemedian line. Underside whitish, with costa of forewing narrowly ochreous, broadly red basally, cell sometimes flushed with pink. Callao, Peru, October- December, 1883 (J. J. Walker). l'ype (8) in coll. Brit. Mus ; others (both sexes) from same locality, March- July, 188r and December, r882 to January, 1883. in coll. Brit. Mus. et coll. Oxford Mus. Also in coll. Oxford Mus. a pair from Valparaiso, September 29th to October 8th, 1883, precisely like the Peruvian. These latter bear Commander Walker's original tickets, and he assures us no error in labelling can have occurred. Less shing and glaucous (more tinged with green) than eZazczztera, differing also in having the lines darker than ground-colour, the costa reddish beneath, etc. Apparently near cZaga, presumably a little lighter, no white vein-dots punctuating the postmedian, no terminal grey line. 2) Chloropteryx acerces, nov. sp. — O, 34 mm. Face and palpus dull red, palpus with first and second joints white beneath. Vertex white, occiput green, some red scales at the division of the two colours. Antennal scales white proximally, reddish distally. Thorax greenish. Legs whitish, pale red on upperside. Forewing rather broad; glossy olive-greenish, with iridescent reflections; costal edge narrowly red-brown, sprinkled with blackish; lines not very strong, caused by an intensification of the ground-colour, but made more conspicuous by still opaquer accom- panying short dashes on the veins distally to the first line and proximally to the second, and whitish vein-dots proximally to the first and distally to the second; first line at one-third, oblique outwards to cell-spot (which is quite small and absorbed in the line), thence parallel with termen; second line sinuous, with an appreciable outward curve from R? to M?; an opaque darker olive line at termen, interrupted with white at the vein-ends; fringe concolorous with wing proximally, somewhat whiter distally. Hindwing slightly elongate, with termen strongly convex, slightly toothed at the vein. ends, the tooth at R? a little stronger than the others, but not forming the definite tail seen in most of the allies; without the first line; a rather obscure crescentic mark occupying the discocellulars; the rest as in forewing. Underside whiter, except from costa to SC of forewing; costa itself reddish-tinged. Petropolis (H. Doer). Type in coll. Brit. Mus., presented by Lord Walsingham. Possibly a giant form of cZaga, Dognin, which we have not seen. Larger than most of the allies, forewing with SC! free, almost connate with the stalk of SC? to R!; both cells short. 180 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 128. GENUS EUALLOEA, WARREN Eualloea. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 75 (1909). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in gf small, second joint rather smoothly scaled, third joint in cf quite small (Q unknown). Tongue present. Antenna rather short, in Cf nearly simple, lamellate. Hindtibia in c dilated wit | hair-pencil, all spurs present. Abdomen apparently not crested. Frenulum rather well developed, basal expansion slight. Forewing with costa arched, apex acutely produced, termen subcrenulate, forming a shallow sinus in anterior half, oblique posteriorly, hence appearing elbowed at R?, cell short, DC very deeply incurved, SC! from cell, anastomosing at a point with C, SC? normal, R! connate, R? from above middle of DC, M! just separate; hindwing with termen irregularly crenulate, toothed at R! and M! and with a small tail at R?, tornus pronounced, inner margin long, cell short, DC? deeply incurved, very oblique posteriorly, C anastomosing at a point near base, rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R* from close to R!, M? stalked. Early stages unknown. Position uncertain; possibly nearer to Poecilochlora than to the present group. Or the Q may even prove to have the frenulum present. Type of the genus : Eua/loca subbifasciata, Warren (1909). Geographical distribution of species. — Peru to Amazon. 1. E. subbifasciata, Warren. Peru, Upper Amazon. Eualloca subbifasciata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16. p. 75 (1909). 129. GENUS NEOCRASIS, WARREN Neocrasis. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 447 (1901). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in cf moderate, second joint shortly scaled, third joint smooth, not elongate (Q unknown). Antenna in C bipectinate with short branches. Pectus somewhat hairy. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in cf slender, from before basal expansion. Forewing with costa arched proximally and distally, nearly straight between, termen with a deep sinus between SC* and R?, angled at R?, oblique and slightly concave to tornus, tornus pronounced, cell short, produced apically, DC deeply incurved, SC! free, SC? normal, R! connate, R? well above middle, M! approxim- ated at origin to R?; hindwing with apex moderate, termen produced to a strong tail at R?, tornus pronounced, cell short, DC? incurved, C anastomosing shortly with cell near base, then very rapidly diverging, SC? very shortly stalked, R? from near apex of cell, M! very shortly stalked. Early stages unknown. 'The unique type specimen being somewhat damaged, a perfect diagnosis is impossible. The genus is probably related to Eualloea, possibly also to Poecilochlora. The aspect is somewhat that of a strong, opaque CAloropteryx, except in the irregular termen of the forewing. Type of the genus : Neocrasis obscurata, Warren (1901). Geographical distribution of species. — Colombia. 1. N , obscurata, Warren. Colombia. Neocrasis obscurata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 447 (1901). 2. N. eximia (Dognin) (huj. gen. ?). Thalera eximia, Dognin, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 14, p. 237 (1892). Peru. FAM. GEOMETRID/Z/E 181 I30. GENUS CTENOTHEA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Ctenothea, nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus rather long, second joint rough-scaled, third joint smoother-scaled, in cf rather short and stout, exposed. Tongue present. Antenna moderately long, in c bipectinate to beyond one-half with moderate branches, a long apical portion merely minutely ciliated. Pectus somewhat hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in c long, dilated, with pencil and short terminal process, median spurs wanting. tarsus rather short. Abdomen with slight crests. Frenulum slender, from before basal expansion. Forewing rather broad, with costa arched, apex moderate, termen nearly smooth, curved, cell less than one-half, DC somewhat incurved, SC! from cell, free, SC? stalked to much beyond SC?, M! about connate; hindwing with costa rather short, termen and inner margin long, apex rather pronounced, termen faintly subcrenulate, with a short blunt tooth at R?, tornus pronounced, cell short, DC little curved, C anastomosing at a point with cell, then strongly diverging, SC? stalked, M! stalked. ) Early stages unknown. Evidently related to the Hemzthea-group, Q probably with four spurs; distinguished chiefly by pectinate antenna and point of origin of SC?. Type of the genus : Cfenothea ornata (Warren) — Henithea ornata, Warren. Geographica! distribution of species. — Bali to Adenara. I. C. ornata (Warren). Bali to Adenara. Hemithea ornata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 366 (1896). Hemithea bella, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 5, p. 234 (1898). I3Il. GENUS CYCLOTHEA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Cyclothea, nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus long, rather slender, second joint shortly scaled, reaching beyond frons, third joint smooth, in gf rather long, in Q very long. Tongue present. Antenna in c strongly serrate dentate, with fascicles of well-developed cilia; in Q minutely ciliated. Pectus moder- ately hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in c with sheath and hair-pencil. as in HemitAea, median spurs wanting; in Q with median spurs wanting. Abdomen with small curled dorsal crests. Frenulum in c slender. from before basal expansion, in Q wanting. Forewing with costa arched, apex acute, minutely produced, termen very slightly curved, somewhat oblique, tornus rather pronounced, cell less than one-half, DC? incurved. SC! from cell, free or anastomosing briefly with C, SC? normal, R! connate or just separate, M! from close to R?; hindwing with apex and tornus squared, termen tailed at R?, rather straight anteriorly and posteriorly, cell scarcely two-fifths. DC? little oblique. C shortly approximated to cell near base (not anastomosing), SC? stalked, M! stalked. Early stages unknown. Distinct from /Temithea chiefly in the Q hindtibia and in the non-anastomosis of vein C of hindwing. Type of the genus : Cyclothea disjuncta (Walker) —- TAalera disjuncta, Walker. LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Geographical distribution of species. — India, Sumatra. I. C. disjuncta (Walker). S. India with Ceylon, Suma- Thalera disjuncta, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 595 (1861). tra. Hemithea disjuscta, Hampson. Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol 3, p. 492, f. 217 (1895). 132. GeNUs NEROMIA, STAUDINGER Neromia. Staudinger, Iris, Vol. 10, p. 3o4 (1898). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus (in type species) quite moderate, almost alike in both sexes, second joint shortly scaled, third joint smooth, small. Tongue present. Antenna moderate, in both sexes evenly ciliated (very shortly in Q). only in fAvenicosticta shortly bipectinate. Pectus slightly hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in gf not dilated, in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in cj short and very slender, from before basal expansion; in Q wanting. Fore- wing with costa arched towards apex, apex moderate, termen smooth, nearly straight, very oblique, cell not quite one-half, DC incurved, SC! from cell (stalked in atridisca), free or anastomosing with C, SC? normal, R! short-stalked, R? from much above middle of DC, M! connate or short-stalked ; hind- wing with apex and termen rounded, tornus moderate, inner margin rather long, cell short, DC? oblique, C usually anastomosing with cell at a point, rapidly diverging, SC* longish-stalked, R? characteristic, M! longish-stalked. Early stages unknown. Type of the genus : Neromia pulvereisbarsa (Vlampson; — Nemoria. pulvereisparsa (Hampson) — Neromia iodisala, Staudinger (1898). Geographical distribution of species. — Palestine to Aden, ? India and China, ? 5. Africa. 1. IN. pulvereisbarsa (Hampson). Palestine to Aden. Nemoria pulvereisparsa, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 268, t. 10, f. 27 (1896). Neromia fodisata, Staudinger, Iris, Vol. 1o, p. 304, t. 4, f. 28 (1898) (nov. syn.) 1). /. carnifrons (Butler) (huj gen.?) 2). India. Nemoria carnifrons, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 169(1883;. Nemoria indevretata (part. ?), Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3. p. 502, f. 222 (1895). N m 3. N. rectilinearia ( Leech) (prac. var. vel syn. ?). W. China. N'emoria rectilinearia, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 241 (1897). 4. IN. atridisca (Warren) (huj. gen.?). Natal. Hemithea airidisca, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 40 (1897). Nemoria atridisca, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 5, p. 235 (1898). 5. N. rubripunctilla, nov. sp. 3), Prout (huj. gen. 7). 'Transvaal. 1) This synonymy ist not absolutely certain, as we have seen only a few poor specimens, and only the & of /odisa£a, Q of ulvereisgarsa. In any case the two must be very close allies. 2) Differs in shape and aspect, in more minute palpus and in dentate-fasciculate c? antenna, but may be provisionally referred here. Differs from Mixocera in presence of c frenulum. 3) Neromia (?) rubripunctilla, nov. sp. — O,24 mm. Face ochreous reddish. Palpus quite short, appressed to face, ochreous reddish above, paler beneath. Antenna rather thick, tapering, not ciliated, reddish ochreous, proximal part white above. Vertex white, occiput green. Thorax and abdomen green above, whitish beneath, abdomen with a thick ochreous dorsal line; anal tuft strong, whitish. Wings green, slightly bluish, irrorated and minutely strigulated with white, Forewing with costa narrowly ochreous; discal dot minute, red; lines in the type obsolete, merely the faintest sug- gestion of a postmedian from about two-thirds of inner margin, losing itself in middle of wing: fringe ochreous, narrowly green proximally, inner-marginal fringe mostly green. Hindwing with termen rounded, inner margin not very long ; a discal dot as in forewing, but slightly less distinct; fringe as in fore- wing. Underside whitish green, unmarked, fringes 6nged with ochreous, costa of forewing ochreous. Pretoria, 1 ransvaal, x4th September, 1906, very fresh (A. J. T. Janse). Type in coll. Brit. Mus, Aberrantin the minute palpus ;scarcely as long as diameter of eye), non-ciliate antenna, presence of hair- pencil on hindtibia and in the course of C of hindwing, which does not diverge from quite so near base: but agreeing better with this genus than with any other known. Forewing with SC! free, R! short-stalked. A second C, Three Sisters, Transvaa!, 9 March, 1911, 5n coll. A. J. T. Janse, bas both trans- verse lines on forewing and a postmedian on hindwing, though all rather indistinct; artemedian of forewing from before one-third, curved, postmedian from beyond two-thirds, almost parallel with termen, postmedian of hindwing almost parallel with termen. Two Q Q in coll. Brit. Mus., no doubt con- specific, are much larger (30 mm.), the lines distinct. They have termiral spurs only. One is from Mashonaland (H. B. Dobbie), the other from Bnla- wayo, Rhodesia, January, 1903 (F. Eyles). FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 183 6. N. barretti, nov. sp. 1), Prout (huj. gen.?). Cape. 7. N. pheenicosticta, nov. sp. 2). Prout (huj. gen.?). kKhodesia. 8. N, chlorosticta, nov. sp. 3), Prout (huj. gen.?). German E. Africa. 133. GENUS PSEUDHEMITHEA, BASTELBERGER Pseudhemithea. Bastelberger, Intern, Ent. Zeit. Guben, Vol, 2, p- 281 (1909). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus minute, in c* (type-species) scarcely over one-half diameter of eye (Q unknown). Tongue present. Antenna nearly simple, minutely ciliated. Pectus hairy. Femora slightly hairy. Hindtibia in c thickened, with strong ensheathed hair-pencil and terminal spurs only ; hindtarsus short. Abdomen crested. Frenulum in gf slender, from before moderate basal expansion. Forewing broad, costa arched at base and near apex, very slightly between, apex squared, termen not very oblique, tornus squared, cell less than one-half, DC incurved, SC! from cell, free, SC? normal, R! just separate, M! connate ; hindwing with apex rounded, termen gently waved, slightly cut away from C to R!, leaving a minute tooth or angle at R!, cell two-fifths, DC scarcely incurved, little oblique posteriorly, C anastomosing with cell at a point near base, moderately rapidly diverging, SC? short-stalked, M! very shortly stalked. Early stages unknown. We are indebted to Dr. Bastelberger for the loan of one of his types of the species on which this genus is based. The minute palpus, still more than the slight peculiarity in the shape of the hindwing, separates it essentially from Z'emitea and. CAlorissa. From the African species which we have doubtfully referred to Neromia it is distinct (even if its Q prove to be two-spurred) in the crested abdomen. Type of the genus : Pseudhemilhea detrita, Bastelberger (1909). Geographical distribution of species. — W. Africa. 1) Neromia (? barretti, nov. Sp. — G Q, 28-32 mm. Face red. Palpus minute, reddish above, whiter beneath. Antenna in both sexes simple, the scaled surface white. Head green, narrowly white between the antennz.. Thorax and abdomen green, paler beneath and at anus, a white dorsal line. Foreleg reddish. Wing-shape and aspect of CZZorocoma ; green, slightly more yellowish than in xzàr£functil/a, irrorated and minutely strigu- lated with white. Forewing with costal edge very narrowly pale; lines whitish, not very conspicuous; antemedian from costa at one-third (G) or at little beyond one-fourth (OQ), outcurved at first, reaching inner margin nearly perpendicularly or by a slight incurve; postmedian írom costa at beyond two- thirds, nearly parallel with termen ; no discal spot or terminal line; fringe concolorous in proximal half, paler in distal. Hindwing without antemedian line; postmedian slightly curved or nearly straight. Underside paler green, with the faintest possible traces of a still paler postmedian line. Annshaw, Cape Colony (Miss F. Barrett). Type (3) 1ncoll. Brit. Mus. The 9, also collected by Miss Barrett, is merely labelled « Cape », but probably from the same locality. Possibly a local form of. rubripuncttlla, differing in lack of cell-spots; structure practically identical, The transverse lines are evidently rather subject to variation, being considerably more approximated in the type c than in the O and the two Q Q believed to belong to xuóripunctilla. 2) Neromia (?) phoenicosticta. nov sp. — c, 31 mm. Face and palpus deep red, narrowly pale below. Antenna short and stout, with short stout pectinations (the inner series quite rudimentary) which give place to serration at towards three-fourths, last few joints almost simple; shaft whitish at base, otherwise ochreous. Head green, narrowly white between antennz, Thorax green above. Foreleg deep red above (middle legs lost). Hindtibia not dilated, both spurs rather long, though unequal. Abdomen dorsally with a seriesof narrow reddish marks, placed longitudinally. Wings bright green, finely irrorated with whitish, costal edge of forewing narrowly light ochreous, unspotted; lines whitish, very faint; antemedian wanting on hindwing, on forewinr scarcely discernible, apparently curved and somewhat oblique outwards; postmedian on both wings parallel with termen, at a distance of 3 mm. ; each wings with a conspicuous crimson cell spot, containing a few blackish scales distally; fringes strongly tinged with crimson. Underside paler, unmarked, costa as above. Luena River, N. E. Rhodesia, 8 September, 1904 (R. L. Harger). 'l'ype in coll. Brit Mus. Wings broader than in true ;Veropzia (shaped as Prasznocyma-type), lorewing with SC! briefly anastomosing with C, R! about connate, hindwing with SC? short-stalked, M! just separate. A O ofthe same structure differs as follows : paler, bluer green, discal spots rather red-lead than crimson, fringes green, without a trace of crimson, dorsal marks of abdomen whitish, not red. Antenna simple, third joint of palpus short. Selukwe, Rhodesia, February-March, rgrr. Kindly presented to us by the captor, F. W. Short, B. Sc. Should this prove a local race or distinct species, we name it Neromia (;) miltosticta, »ov. 3) Neromia (?) chlorosticta, nov. sp. — O', 21-22 mm, Face brown-red. Palpus minute, ochreous, tipped with reddish. Antenna almost simple, thick, ochreous, paler proximally on upperside. Head green, narrowly whitish between antennz.. Thorax and abdomen green dorsally, white ventrally, anal tuft pale ochreous. Legs pale ochreous, fore- and midfemora and tibiz reddish above and on inner side. Forewing green, with costal edge narrowly pale ochreous; discal spot darker green; antemedian line obsolete, postmedian from costa at slightly beyond three-fourths, paler than ground-colour, but not conspicuous, denticulate; fringe concolorous. Hindwing similar, the line strongly curved (almost more strongly than the termen itself). Underside paler green, unmarked. German East Africa (S. A. Neave), two c in coll. Brit. Mus. ; the type from the Valley of the Ruaha River lringa to Kilossa Road, 2000 feet, zr December, roro, the cotype Banks of Ruaha- River, 20 December, roro. In both examples SC! is free, R! and M! of forewing juststalked, of hindwing more strongly so; C of hindwing, exceptionally for this genus, anastomoses with cell for nearly two-fifths. 184 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 1. P. delrila, Bastelberger. Angola. Pseudhemithea detrita, Bastelberger, Intern. Ent. Zeit. Guben, Vol. 2, p. 281 (1909). 2. P. saturata, nov. sp. 1), Prout. Nigeria. I34. GENUS DIPLODESMA, WARREN Diplodesma. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 289 (1896). Acrortha. Warren, ibidem, p. 36r (1896). Halophanes. Warren, ibidem, Vol. 7. p. 102 (1900). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus moderate to rather long. second joint shortly rough-scaled, third joint smooth, in cf moderate, in Q long. Tongue present. Antenna in Of with rather short, even ciliation, in Q more minutely ciliated. Pectus slightly hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in cf dilated with hair-pencil, median spurs wanting, in Q with all spurs (except apparently in subexfressa and possibly subtusumbrata). Abdomen not crested (except in Pudentifimbria). Frenulum in Cf very slender and usually short, arising before well-marked basal expansion; in Q wanting. Wings smooth-scaled, sometimes in part subdiaphanous. Forewing with costa gently arched, apex moderate, termen rather straight anteriorly, then curved and becoming rather strongly oblique, cell short, DC somewhat incurved, C reaching costa unusually near apex, SC! stalked to beyond R!, short, running into C, SC? variable, either normal, or running into C, or wanting, or stalked to beyond SC*, R! stalked, M! connate or short-stalked ; hindwing with apex moderate or rounded, termen angled or tailed at R? (in xantAochlora also with slight prominence at RÀ), tornus pronounced, inner margin rather long, cell short, DC slightly curved, SC? stalked, R? characteristic, M! well stalked, M? from close to end of cell, sometimes almost connate with stalk of R? to M! (PI. 3, Fig. 17). cf genitalia : uncus pointed, with slender curved socii of equal length, harpe with small hook near the base of the inner surface, costa of harpe clothed with long clubbed scales; penis pestillate. Related to CAlorissa, etc. Early stages unknown. Except in the curious variability of SC? of the forewing, and possibly the Q hindtibial armature of one or two species, a genus of very uniform structure. The variations of SC?, though they are — so far as we have observed — nearly always constant racially, can scarcely be treated as generic, as they sometimes separate forms so closely alike as to be scarcely otherwise distinguishable, while uniting forms much more widely divergent in facies (e. g. xantkochlora and. subexpressa). We have put the varia- tions on,record by dividing the genus into sections; Section III is probably intermediate towards H emithea. Type of the genus : Diflodesma celataria (Walker) — TAalera celataria, Walker (1896). Geographical distribution of species. — Indo-Australian. 1) Pseudhemithea saturata, nov. Sp. — C, 24 mm. Face deep red. Palpus almost as long as diameter of eye, reddish. Antenna reddish, more ochreous proximally. Vertex and thorax dorsally (with base of abdomen) concolorous with wings. Breast and front of forecoxa red. Abdomen pale ochreous brown, mixed with red dorsally, second, third and fourth segments with red and black, crests rather strong, mixed with red and black. Wings rather dark blue-grey, slightly tinged with olive-green. Forewing with costal edge narrowly bright reddish ochreous, slightly spotted with fuscous; the lines and cell-spot olive-green; antemedian from costa before one-fourth, oblique outwards, irregular, rather thick, but very ill-defined ; postmedian thick, distinct except at costa, lunulate-dentate, projecting distad at R? and Mt, these teeth the sharpest, incurved between M! and SM?, only weakly outbent on SMe, slightly pale-edged distally, especially towards inner margin ; cell-spot rather large; fringe concolorous, with a very slender pale line at base. Hindwing similar, without antemedian line. Underside much paler, unmarked, the co:tal shade of forewing broader, especially at base. Ilesha, S. Nigeria (L. E. H. Humfrey). Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Excepting the rather longer palpus, the structure appears quite typical. C———————— UC" FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 185 SECTION I. — Forewing with SC? running into C (Diplodesma, Warren). 1. D. celataria (Walker). Sula to N. Australia TAhalera ceiataria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 35, p. 1614 (1866). Diplodesma celataría, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 289 (1896). Euchloris thalassica, 'Turner, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 28, p. 221 1904) (nec Swinhoe, 1894) 1) (var. ?). SECTION II. — Forewing with SC? wanting (.Jcrorítha, Warren) 2). 2. D. obnupta (Swinhoe). Bombay to Ceylon, ?Assam. Thalera obnupta, Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 855, t. 56, f. 9 (1885). Nemoria viata, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 431, t. 195, f. 6 (1887). T halassodes melica, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 144 (1891). Thalassodes obuupta, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 513 (1895/. Thalera viata. Hampson, ibidem, p. 516 (1895). Acrortha flexicosta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 361 (1896;. Diflodesma obnupta, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 10, p. 263 (1903). 3. D. contracta (Warren) (prac. var.?). Khásis, Perak, Java. Idiochlora contracta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 107 (1896). Thalassodes contracta, Hampson, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 12, p- 92 (1898). Halophanes integra, Warren, MS. (in Tring Mus.). SECTION III. — Forewing with SC? normal, not running into (usually not touching) C. 4. D. mundaria (Leech). W. China. Hemithea mundaría, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 233 (1897). 5. D. pudentifimbria, nov. sp. 3), Prout. Assam, ? Borneo. SECTION IV. — Forewing with SC? stalked to beyond SC», well separate from C (Halophanes, Warren). 6. D. xanthochlora (Swinhoe). I&hásis. Maxates xanthochlora, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 14, p. 135 (1894). Halofhanes xanthochlora, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 103 (1900). 7. D. subexpressa (Walker). Borneo. Thalera subexpressa, Walker, List Lep. 1ns. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 599 (1861). Thalera innotata, Walker, ibidem, p. 599 (1861). Diplodesma olivata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 389 (1897) (nov. syn.). Hemithea subexpressa, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 393 (1909). 8. D. subtusumbrata (Fuchs) (prec. var. vel ab.?). Sumatra, Singapore. Eucrostis (Nemoria ?) subtusumbrata, Fuchs, Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Nat. Vol. 55, p. 84 (1902). 1) EwcAhlorís thalassica, Swinhoe, Zrans. Ent..Soc. Lond. 1894, p. 175 — odis thalassica, Moore, is a synonym of « EpAyra » validaria, Walker, subfam. Jcidaliinae, see Hampson, Fauna 7nd. MotAs, Vol. 3, p. 446. Systematists are not agreed as to whether this, not being an original binomial, should invalidate the later name; but as Turner's ZAa/assica is a synonym, the point is not of immediate importance. 2) The difference between this and Section I is not sexual, as Warren (JVovif. Zool. Vol. ro, p. 263) suggests, but it is easy to see how it arises, for the degree of approach between SC! and SC? is very variable in ce/afarta, and the ultimate tendency would be to become coincident. 3) Diplodesma pudentifimbria, nov. sp. — d Q,22-23 mm. Face yreen (discolouring towards red). Palpus greenish tinged with red above and at tip. Head green, white between the antennsz. Antennal shaft reddish, whiter towards base. Thorax green above, pale beneath. Abdomen above green at base, then reddish with a red and a white dorsal crest. Forewing slightly more elongate than in the type, SC? free, or touching C, notrunning into it; colour green, smooth-scaled but not subdiaphanous, costal edge narrowly ochreous, weakly spotted with fuscous ; lines whitish, at about one-third and two-thirds; antemedian very indistinct, wavy, oblique outwards from costa, and somewhat outcurved in submedian area, otherwise nearly parallel with termen, narrowly shaded with olive distally; postmedian slightly wavy (more so in the Q), almost parallel with termen, narrowly shaded with olive proximally; terminal dark line fine, weak in the d, stronger in Q, interrupted by pale spots at vein-ends; iringe pale ochreous, tinged with pink. Hindwing without antemedian line, having instead an indistinct, elongate dark cell-mark; postmedian line with an outward bend from R3 to M?, termen and fringe as in forewing. Under surface paler, unmarked, costal edge ochreous. Shillong, Assam, 15 September, 1909, type d'; 24 June 909, cotype (Q), both in coll. Brit. Mus., collected by H. M, Parish. 186 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 135. GENUS LATHOCHLORA, WARREN Lathochlora. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 9o (1900). Characters. — lace smooth. Palpus (in cf unknown) in 9 moderate, slender, third joint exposed, smooth, somewhat elongate Tongue present Antenna in Q rather short and thick, lamellate. Hindtibia with terminal spurs only Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in Q wanting, costal expansion marked. Wings smoothly scaled. Forewing broad, with costa strongly arched, apex acute, termen strongly gibbous in middle, the gibbosity culminating beyond R?, thence sinuous and very oblique, cell short, DC? curved, DC? arising distad, SC! long-stalked with SC?», quitting little before SC*, SC? stalked to far beyond SC*. R! just separate, R? from above middle of DC, M! connate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen produced at R! and R?, with excision between, anal angle pronounced, cell short, DC slightly angled at origin of R?, C anastomosing with cell at a point near base, rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, M! short-stalked. Early stages unknown. The above characterization is drawn up from Warren's single (and not quite perfect) type Q, and we know of no other example. The genus appears to be a valid one, and there can be little doubt that the cf will prove to possess a frenulum. It is very probable, as Warren suggests, that the genus is related to the preceding, though the shape of the wings is much more closely that of BatAycolfodes or Chloroparda. Type of the genus : Lat/ochlora inornata, Warren (1900). Geographical distribution of species. — W. Aírican I. L. inornata, Warren. Niger Coast. Lathochlora inornata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 91 (1900). 136. GENUS PROHYDATA, ScHAUS Prohydata, Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 27, p. 251 (1901); Prout, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), Vol. 6, p. 236 (1910). Hyalorrhoé Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. rr, p. 21 (1904). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus moderate to long, slender, second joint usually reaching beyond frons, shortly scaled, third joint smooth, often greatly elongate. Tongue present. Antenna in gr bipectinate to about two-thirds, with moderate branches; in Q dentate or shortly bipectinate. Pectus slightly hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in gf somewhat dilated, with hair-pencil and terminal process, all spurs developed. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in G' slender, from before basal expan- sion. Wings more or less hyaline. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex rather acute, termen oblique, gently curved, cell one-half or rather less, DC incurved, oblique posteriorly, SC! from cell, anastomosing strongly with C, SC?* long-stalked, SC? given off after SC», R? separate (short-stalked in stigmatica and auster), R? from above middle, M! well separate; hindwing with apex usually rounded or subcrenulate, termen somewhat toothed at R!, usually a little excised between this and D", cell short, DC? incurved, strongly oblique posteriorly, C anastomosing with cell at a point, or closely appressed, diverging rather gradually at first, SC? long-stalked, R? very characteristic, M! separate. Early stages unknown. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 187 We have not been able to study much material in this genus. and are not sure about its stability. It differs only from Hydaía in the very brief anastomosis (or non-anastomosis) of C of the hindwing, but inasmuch as even in Hydaía this varies somewhat (e. g. in fovera we have found the anastomosis much weaker in the cf than in the Q) it would not be surprising to find that some Q Q of Prohydata upset the distinction altogether. We have not seen Schaus' type-species, which is said to have the palpus « short », and our characters are drawn chiefly from proficiens. Type of the genus : Prohydata apicata, Schaus (1910). Geographical distribution of species. — Neotropical, I. P. aficala, Schaus. Iolivia. Prohydata apicata, Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 27, p. 251 (19ot). 2. P. vitrearia, Schaus. Venezuela. Prohydata vitrearia, Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 27, p. 251 (1901). 3. P. fellucidaria (Dognin). Ecuador. Racheospila pellucidaria, Dognin, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 14, p. 206 (1892). 4. P. stigmatica (Warren). Costa Rica. Hyalorrhoé stigmatica, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 21 (1904). 5. P. brunneopicía (Warren). Peru. Hydata brunneopicta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 203 (1907). 6.- P. latifasciata (Warren). Peru. Hydata latifasciata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 203 (1907). 7- P. beneficia, Warren. Upper Amazon. Prohydata benepicta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 84 (1909). 8. P. aurata, Dognin. Colombia. Prohydata aurata, Dognin, Hét. Nouv. Amér. Sud (1), p. 21 (1910). 9. P. frojiciens, Prout. — Pl. 5, Fig. 5. Colombia. Prohydata projiciens, Prout, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8). Vol. 6, p. 235 (1910). 10. P. auster, nov. sp. 1), Prout. S. E. Brazil. I37. GENUS HYDATA, WALKER Hydata. Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1621 (1862). Characters, — Face smooth. Palpus smooth, slender, moderate to very long. Tongue present. Antenna in ci bipectinate to about two-thirds with moderate to long branches, in Q minutely ciliated. Pectus slightly hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in c sometimes dilated with hair-pencil and terminal process, in both sexes with all spurs developed. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in cj slender, some- times colourless, arising from before basal expansion; in Q wanting. Wings more or less hyaline. Forewing with costa slightly or moderately arched, apex rather acute, termen rather straight anteriorly, curved or bent in middle, becoming rather strongly oblique, cell nearly one-half, DC incurved, becoming strongly oblique, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C, sometimes becoming coincident, SC?5 long-stalked, SC? given off after SC*, R! separate or almost connate, R? from above middle of DC. M! rather widely separate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen very slightly or strongly toothed 1| Prohydata auster, nov. sp. — 9, 2o mm. Head green, between antenn:e white. Antennal shaft white. Thorax and abdomen pale green above, white beneath. Wings shaped and marked nearly as in s/Zgwzafica, Warren. Forewing pale yellow-green, thinly scaled, the markings opaquer olive-green, but indistinct, except in certain lights, consisting of : a patch at base, its margin outangled on M ; a thick antemedian line, from costa just beyond one-third to inner margin at one-half, forming two curves, with a strong angle at the origin of M?, posterior half the thicker; a very large, slightly curved cell-spot; a thick, slightly interrupted curved line from costa at about three-fourths, the outward curves being in middle and at inner margin (where it becomes still thicker); a faint slender line between this line and the cell-spot, following the same course; vague sug- gestions of large spots on termen; in some lights the whole costal area also appears darkened; hindwing similar, but with a large blotch on inner margin in place of antemedian line, and a quite small, conspicuous cell-spot. Underside whitish, forewing feebly marked, hindwing unmarked, Sao Paolo, S, E. Brazil (E. D. Jones). Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Distinguished from s/Zg»a//ca by having truly pectinate antenna (the pectinations about three times diameter of shaft); palpus less long than in most of the allies, very slender, the third joint excessively so (but somewhat damaged); SC! of forewing running into C. 188 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA at Ri, straight or somewhat excised to R?, there bent, tornus usually pronounced, cell less than one-half, DC? incurved, oblique posteriorly, C anastomosing more or less strongly with cell, SC? long-stalked, M! separate (PI. 3, Fig. 14). TOP LIE gs del Early stages unknown. Type of the genus : Hi ydaía subfenestraria. Walker. Geographical distribution of species. — Neotropical. subfenestraria, Walker. : Hydata subfenestraria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1622 (1862). translucidaria (Herrich-Scháffer). Geometra translucidaría, Herrich-Scháffer, Samml. Aussereur, Schmett. Vol. 1, t. 6r, f. 343 (1855); p. 62 (1856), Nemoria (?) translucidaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 346 (1858). Racheospila translucidaría, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p- 9r (1892). ? Hydata sordida, Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 27, p. 250 (19or) (nov. syn.). H ydata transductaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 203 (1907). . satisfacta (Walker). Racheospila satisfacta, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 583(1861!. . caducata ( Felder) (huj. gen.?). Nemoria caducata, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127, f. 35 (1875). Venezuela, Brazil. Brazil, Mexico. Brazil. French Guiana. 5. H. busa (Druce) (huj. gen. ?). Panama. Racheospila busa, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. 92, t. 5o, f. 8 (1892). 6. H. alada (Dognin). Ecuador. Racheospila alada, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 42, p. 218 (18981. 7. H. felderi, Schaus. Mexico. Hydata felderi, Schaus, "Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 27, p. 250 (1901). 8. H. povera, Schaus. Mexico to Venezuela. Racheospila satisfacta, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. o1, t. 5o, f. 7 (1892) (nec Walker) 1). Hydata povera, Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 27, p. 250 (1901). 9. H. popayanaria (Dognin). Colombia. Hypnochlora popayanaria, Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 45, p. 310 (1901). Hydata popayanaria, Prout, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), Vol. 6, p. 235 (1910). IO. H. diaphana, Warren, (huj. gen.?). Peru. Hydata diaphana, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 86 (1904). II. H. spilosata, Warren. Argentina, Brazil. Hydata spilosata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 204 (1907). 12. H. radiata, Warren. Peru. Hydata radiata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 77 (1909). 13. H. scripturata, Warren. Peru. Hydata scripturata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 78 (1909). I4. H. muscosa, Dognin. Colombia. Hydata muscosa, Dognin, Hét. Nouv. Amér, Sud (1). p. 21 (1910). 15. H. propinqua, Prout. Colombia. Hydata propinqua, Prout, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, (8), Vol. 6, p. 234 (1910). 16. H. elegans, Bastelberger. Peru. Hy ydata elegans, Bastelberger, Intern. Ent. Zeit. Guben, Vol. 5, p. 54 (1911). NorE. — Hydata spectabilis, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1877, p. 474, belongs to the Geonmetrinae (Boarmiüinae). 1) Lhe specimen recorded by Walker (p. 584) as « male? » to his saZzs/c/a, though in very poor condition, is pretty eviaently the sa£rs- facía of Druce (nec Walker, specim. typ.). FAM. GEOMETRID/E 189 138. GENUS PACHYCOPSIS, WARREN Pachycopsis. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 428 (1897). Paraplodes. Warren, ibidem, Vol. r1, p. 24 (1904). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus very slender, in cf rather short, but with third joint long in proportion, in 9 longer, third joint very elongate. Tongue slender. Antenna in c bipectinate with rather long branches, apical part merely serrate; in Q serrate or with short pectinations. Pectus slightly hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in cf with pencil of hairs and short terminal process, in both sexes with terminal spurs only, the inner long. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in cf short and slender, from before basal expansion, in Q wanting. Wings rather thinly and smoothly scaled. Forewing with costa arched, apex moderate, termen curved, cell less than one-half, SC! from cell, anastomosing strongly with or running into C, SC? stalked to beyond SC», M! separate; hindwing rather long, termen rounded, often slightly sinuous, tornus pronounced, cell short, C anastomosing with cell for a considerably distance, SC? very long-stalked, M! well separate. Early stages known. On the whole somewhat less hyaline than Hydata, to which it is nearly related; but the chief structural difference is the absence of the median spurs in both sexes. Type of the genus : Pachycofsis tridentata, Warren (1897). Geographical distribution of species. — 'ropical South America. 1. P. tridentata, Warren. Ecuador to French Guiana. Pachycopsis tridentata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 428 (1897). Hydata tridentata, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 14, p. 204 (1907). 2. P. malina (Butler). Amazons to French Guiana, Aplodes malina, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 330 (1881). Hydata malina, Waxren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 134 (1900). Hyalorrhoé malina, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 11, p. 21 (1904). 3. P aurata (Warren). Ecuador. Paraplodes aurata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 25 (1904). 4. P. lunifera (Warren). Peru. Hydata lunifera, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 14, p. 204 (1907). NortE. — Felder's caducata, which we have placed provisionally in Hydata, may have to be trans- ferred here. We have seen two Q Q of a Pachycopsis from the island of Taboga which may be referable to it, but have had no opportunity of comparing them with Felder's type. The figure, like so many of Felder's among the Geometridae, 1s unrecognizable. i139. GENUs CHLOROCOMA, TURNER Chlorocoma. Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 581 (1910). Chlorochroma. Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 365 (1858) (nec Duponchel, 1845). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus short, but not very slender, second joint short or moderately scaled, third joint in both sexes quite small. Tongue well developed. Antenna moderate, in cj bipectinate with moderate branches, apically merely somewhat dentate, ciliated; in Q minutely ciliated. Pectus somewhat hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in cf dilated with hair-pencil (except in did;//a), in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in gf short, moderate to weak, from before well- marked basal expansion; in Q wanting. Forewing with costa scarcely arched, apex pronounced or acute, 190 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA termen usually straight, tornus well expressed, cell nearly one-half, DC? incurved, SC! from cell, some- times free, usually anastomosing with C, SC? normal, sometimes anastomosing with SC!, R! usually short-stalked or connate (in didifa well separate), R? usually from well above middle of DC, M! separate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen rounded, or very faintly elbowed at R? (in fefrasPila angled), cell less than one-half, DC? incurved, C approximated (sometimes very closely) to cell to less than one-half, then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R? very characteristic, M! separate (not remote), or more rarely connate or extremely short-stalked. Cf genitalia : uncus parallel. with socii, gnathos strong, pointed, harpe with sacculus pointed; penis pestillate, vesica covered with minute cornuli; eighth sternite terminating in two blunt points; coremata present; perhaps related to the Zodis-group. Early stages apparently undescribed. A few of the larvae are known, and are attached to Acacia, Duboisia, etc. A very natural genus, with the probable exception of the single African species which we have been compelled, for lack of salient differential characters, to lodge here provisionally. In addition to the several distinctions noted in our Key, CAlorocoma normally differs from Omfhax, Heterorachis and Heteresthes in the dilated c hindtibia; its palpus, though short, is usually stout, and is seldom (perhaps only in tachypora) positively minute, whereas in the other genera it is slender and often minute; the antennal structure is much more stable; in the hindwing M! is never widely separated at its origin from R9, Type of the genus : C/lorocoma dichloraría (Guenée) — Chlorochroma dichloraria, Guenée (1910). Geographical distribution of species. — Australia, ? 5. Africa. 1. C. dichloraria (Guenée). E. and S. E. Australia with Chlorochroma dichloraria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 365, t. 6, f. 5 "Tasmania. (1858). Chlorochroma vertumnaria, Guenée, ibidem, p. 365 (1858) (ab.) 1). Geometra submissaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus.Vol. 22, p. 529 (1861). Iodis dichloraria, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 884 (1888). Iodis vertumnaria, Meyrick, ibidem, p. 885 (1888). Euchloris vertumnaria, Turner, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 28, p. 222 (1904). Chlorocoma dichloraria, 'Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 584 (1910). 2. C. cadmaria (Guenée). S. E. to. W. Australia. Chlorochroma cadmaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 365 (1858). Chlorochroma vulnerata, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol.9, p. 91(1882). Iodis cadmaria, Meyrick, Proc. Linn, Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 886 (1888). CAlorocoma cadmaria, Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 583 (roro). 3. C. carenaria (Guenée). Tasmania (? etc.). Chlorochroma carenaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 366 (1858). Chlorochroma congenita, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 564 (1861) (nov. syn.) 2). Chlorochroma vertumnaria var. (?). Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 562 (1861). ? Iodis carenaria, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 881 (1888). 4. C. externa (Walker). S. E. and S. Australia, with Chlorochroma externa, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 564 (1861). "Tasmania. Iodis externa, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 885 (1885). Chlorochroma externa, Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 585 (1910). 1) This synonymy is according to Turner. In coll. Brit. Mus., ex£erza, Walker, stands as verfumnaria; unfortunately Guenée's description is somewhat equivocal. 2! This is in accordance with coll. Brit. Mus., and is fully supported by Guenée's description, which cannot possibly apply to caremar:a, Turner (No. 20, infra). The present insect may possibly be another form of dic/oraria, to which Turner has referred corgerrt:. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE IgI 5. C. dilatata (Walker). 25. Africa r1). TAalera dilatata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p- 594 (1861). 6. C. neptunus (Butler). Queensland. Chlorochroma neptunus, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 435 (1886). Iodis neptunus, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 881 (1888). Chlorocoma neptunus, Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 587 (1910). 7. C. stereota (Meyrick). Victoria. Iodis stereota, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. N. S. Wales (2) V 015927 p. 875 (1888). CHlorocoma stereota, "Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 587 (1901o). 8. C. halochlora (Meyrick). S. Australia. Iodis halochlora, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2). Vol. 2, p. 875 (1888). Chlorocoma halochlora, Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p- 585 (1o1o). 9. C. melocrossa (Meyrick). — PI. 4, Fig. 9. E. to S. Australia. Chlorochroma carenaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 562 (1861) (nec Guenée). Chlorochroma citrolimbaria, Walker, ibidem, p. 562 (1861) (nec Guenée). Iodis melocrossa, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 879 (1888). odis submissaria, Meyrick, ibidem, p. 882 (1888) (nec Walker). Euchloris xuthocranta, Turner, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 3o, p. 127 (1906). : CAhlorocoma melocrossa, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales,Vol. 35, p. 586 (19ro). IO. C. asemanta (Meyrick). W. Australia. [odis asemanta, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 879 (1888). Chlorocoma asemanta, 'Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p- 587 (19010). r1. C. paraphylla (Lower) (praec. var. ?). N. W. Australia. Euchloris paraphylla, Lower, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 26, p- 229 (1902). I2. C. monocyma (Meyrick) (huj. gen. ?). W. Australia. Iodis monocyma, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 883 (1888). Chlorocoma monocyma, "Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 585 (1910). 13. C. assimilis ( Lucas). E. and W. Australia. Iodis assimilis, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2) 8Vol$3p1265 (1888). Iodis commoda, Lucas, ibidem (2), Vol. 7, p. 252 (1892) (ab.). Chlorocoma assimilis, Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 585 (roro). I4. C. ?fomopsts (Lower) (huj. gen. ?). S. Australia. odis ipomofsis, Lower, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 15, p. 14 (1891). 15. C. felraspila (Lower). — S. E. Australia, with Tas- Euchloris tetraspila, Lower, Trans. Roy.Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 25, p. 66 (1901). mania. Chlorocoma. tetraspila, Turner, Proc, Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 586 (1910). 16. C. periphracta (Turner). Queensland. Euchloris periphracta, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 28, p- 219 (1904). Chlorocoma. periphracta, 'Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p- 586 (1910). 17. C. rhodocrossa (Turner). W. Australia. Euchloris rhodocrossa, Turner, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 3o, p. 128 (1906). Chlorocoma rhodocrossa, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 583 (1910). 1) Walker's type is labelled as from S. Africa, but has so entirely the structure and facies of the Australian species that we suspect a mistake, especially as it has never been matched from the African continent. The specimen is said to be from Dr. Andrew Smith, and as Macleay was at one time workiag at Dr. Smith's collection, and had emigrated to Tasmania before the date (1844) when the British Museum received the specimen, such a mistake às we have sugzesteid seems quite feasible. It may be a. large faded example of assz»zi/is, or some other known species with which we are not very familiar. 192 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 18. C. vhodoloma, Turner. W. Australia. CAlorocoma vhodoloma, 'Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35. p. 583 (1010). 19. C. lachypora, Turner. Queensland. Chlorocoma tachypora, "Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 587 (1910). 20. C. ochroneurodes, nov. nom., Prout. S. E. Australia, with Tas- Chlorocoma. carenaria, 'Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, mania. p. 584 (1910) (nec Guenée). 21. C. didita (Walker) (huj. gen.?) 1). Cape. Iodis didita, Walker, List Lep. 1ns. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 542 (1861). I40. GENUs HETERESTHES, WARREN Heteresthes. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 354 (1902). Characters — Face smooth, narrow. Palpus short and rather slender, second joint shortly scaled, third joint in both sexes small. Tongue weak. Antenna rather short, in both sexes bipectinate nearly to apex with long, decreasing branches. Pectus strongly hairy. Femora hairy. Hindtibia in gf not dilated, in both sexes with four rather stout, nearly equal spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in gf rather slender, from before slight basal expansion, in Q wanting. Forewing with costa strongly arched, apex minutely falcate, termen with a slight concavity beneath apex, thence somewhat convex, oblique, cell less than one-half, DC very deeply inbent, very oblique posteriorly, SC! from cell, free or touching C at a point, SC? normal, R! stalked, R? above middle, M! well separate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen entire, slightly rounded, tornus pronounced, cell less than one-half, DC? incurved, very strongly oblique posteriorly, C approximated to cell to rather less than one-half, SC? stalked, R? characteristic, M! well separate. Early stages unknown. A superficial similarity between this genus and Tanaorhinus is not supported by the structure. Type of the genus : Heleresthes subrubra, Warren. Geographical distribution of species, — Solomon Islands. I. H. subrubra, Warren. Solomons. Heteresthes subrubra, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 354 (1902). 2. H. subaureata, Warren (prec. cy ?). Solomons. Heteresthes subaureata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. o, p. 354 (1902). I4Il. GENUS HETERORACHI!IS, WARREN Heterorachis. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 234 (1898). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes minute (less so in /u»atimargo). Tongue weak. Antenna in both sexes bipectinate to three-fourths, apex simply ciliated. Pectus slightly hairy. 1) May be phylogenetically an independent development of Prasinocyr:a, with shortened third joint of palpus, or the parent of .Sysdrontodes, without the anastomosis of C of hindwing. Slightly different in. shape from true CAZoroce»a, and with the small structural distinctions noted under our generic diagnosis. pne FAM. GEOMETRID/E 193 Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in cf not dilated, in both sexes with four rather approximated spurs. Abdomen often with small crests. Frenulum in cf arising from before basal expansion, in OQ wanting. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex moderate, termen oblique, little curved, cell not quite one- half, DC? oblique posteriorly, SC! from cell or stalked, usually anastomosing with C, SC? normal, very rarely anastomosing. with SC!, R! usually approximated, occasionally connate or minutely stalked, R* from well above middle, M! separate, connate or short-stalked; hindwing with termen rounded, or excised between R! and R? (in lunatimargo angled at R? only), tornus moderate, cell not quite one-half, DC? oblique posteriorly, C anastomosing with cell at a point near base (except Section III), SC? stalked, M! connate, approximated or short-stalked (in Section III well separate). Early stages unknown. Nearly akin to Omf/ax, differing chiefly in the pectinate Q antenna, Type of the genus : Heterorachis devocata (Walker) — Geometra devocata, Walker (1898). Geographical distribution of species. — ZEthiopian. SECTION I, — Forewing with SC! from cell, hindwing with termen rounded ; antennal pectinations moderately long. I. H. devocata (Walker). S. Africa. Geomelra devocata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 514 (1861). Heterorachis devocata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p- 235 (1898). 2. H. diaphana (Warren). Madagascar. Prasinocyma diaphana, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, P- 291 (1889). i 3. H. asyllaria (Swinhoe). Madagascar, Prasinocyma asyllaria, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p- 545 (1904). SECTION II. — Forewing with SC! stalked; hindwing angled at R?; antennal pectinations short (huj. gen.?). 4. H. malachitica (Saalmüller) (hic ponenda ?). Madagascar. Phorodesma malachitica, Saalmüller, Ber. Senckenb. Nat. Ges. 1879-80, P- 291 (1880). Racheospila malachitica, Saalmüller, Lep. Madag. (2), p. 496, t. 14, f. 270 (1891). Heterorachis (?) malachitica, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 235 (1898). 5. H. lunatimargo (Prout). W. Africa. Antharmostes (?) lunatimargo, Prout, The Entomologist, Vol. 44, p. 28 (1911). SECTION III. — Forewing with SC! from cell; hindwing excised between R! and R?; antennal pectinations long; hindwing with C approximated to cell for a short distance (huj. gen. ??) 1). 6. H. triangularia (Swinhoe) 2). Madagascar. Phorodesma triangularia, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p- 551 (1904). 1) Affinities quite uncertain. From the facies and texture it might possibly be assumed that the species here placed has more connection with the BafAyco/podes-group. 2) Phorodesma triaugularis on type label, 194 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA I49. GENUS CELIDOMPHAX, NOV. GEN., PROUT Celidomphax, nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus short (scarcely, if at all, longer than diameter of eye), second joint somewhat rough-scaled, third joint in both sexes small, smooth. Tongue present. Antenna somewhat over one-half, in c bipectinate with long branches. in Q nearly simple. Pectus hairy. Hind- tibia in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen with a series of well-developed dorsal crests. Frenulum in gf from before basal expansion, in Q wanting. Wings ample, vermiculated. Forewing with costa arched distally, apex moderate, termen oblique, rather straight anteriorly, more curved posteriorly, cell not quite one-half, DC incurved, SC! from cell, free, SC? normal, R! very shortly stalked, M! approximated ; hindwing with termen rounded, tornus moderate, cell less than one-half, DC scarcely curved, only slightly oblique, C approximated to cell for some distance, then rather rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, M! stalked. Early stages unknown. Aspect rather of Cheroscelis or of Metacinela than of OmpAax; its actual affinities are somewhat doubtful. The two species are very closely related. Type of the genus : Celidodomphax rubrimaculata (Warren) — P/horodesma vubrimaculata, Warren. Geographical distribution of species. — 5 E. to E. Africa. 1. C. vubrimaculata (Warren). Natal. Phorodesma rubrimaculata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. 385 (1905). 2. C. analiplaga (Warren). German E. Africa. Agraptochlora analiplaga, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. 384 (1905). I43. GENUS OMPHAX, GUENÉE Omphax. Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 368 (1855). Agraptochlora. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 389 (1894). Pycnodontia. Warren, ibidem, Vol. 8, p. 206 (19or). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes minute (very rarely as long as diameter of eye), shortly rough-scaled (Pl. 5, Fig. 1 4). Tongue slender. Antenna rather short, in c either thick, nearly simple (lamellate) or bipectinate with short branches; in Q nearly simple, slightly lamellate. Pectus hairy. Femora slightly hairy. Hindtibia in c not dilated, in both sexes with all spurs developed. Abdomen typically with two or three very small crests, sometimes uncrested. Frenulum in cf present, from before some basal expansion, in Q wanting. Build rather robust, veins often thick (but see Section III). Forewing with costa arched (in éacofi straight), apex acute, in Q even minutely subfalcate, termen straight, usually becoming curved posteriorly, cell about one-half, DC* somewhat inbent, then very oblique outwards, SC! from cell, anastomosing strongly or slightly with C, or free, SC? normal, sometimes anastomosing shortly or strongly with SC! and very excep- tionally with SC?!, R! usually approximated, rarely stalked, R? from much above middle of DC, M! usually widely separate; hindwing with costa not short, apex moderate, termen gently rounded, never strongly convex, tornus moderate or pronounced, cell one-half or (usually) less, DC? inbent (usually strongly), then. very oblique outwards, C approximated to cell for a short or moderate FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 195 distance, sometimes with point-anastomosis, divergence usually rather gradual, SC? stalked, R? from very near Ri, M! usually widely separate (short-stalked in azegricornis) (Pl. 4, Fig. 14). c genitalia (Dacoti) with uncus hooded, gnathos terminating in a long blunt arm, harpe with finely spined clasper, penis pestillate, sharply angulated in the centre, terminating in two dentate arms. Suggests more resemblance to Pseudoterpna than to any other genus investigated, but the two genera — so far as is yet known — have little else in common. LaRva. — Probably of the stiff, green, twig-like type, with two anterior projections from prothorax above head. (See Fawcett, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. Vol. 17, t. 8, £. 6, 7, as « Euchloris devocata », but almost certainly an Onmphax.) Pura. — Brown, wing-cases paler, veined with brown, segment-incisions distinct, spiracular spots large, black (Fawcett, loc. cit. fig. 8). We have not seen Guenée's type (locality unknown), but from his diagnosis, and information kindly given by M. Oberthür, it is certainly identical with, or very close to rubriplaga, Warren, from which (with its nearest relatives) we have diagnosed the genus. Robuster than Radinomphax, C of hind- wing not anastomosing; palpus usually still minuter, abdomen commonly with small crests, forewing usually more ample. Type of the genus : Onmfhax plantaria, Guenée (1858). Geographical distribution of species. — /Ethiopian. SECTION Í. — Antenna in gf not bipectinate. I. O. flantaria, Guenée. S. and E. Africa. Omphax plantaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 368 (1858). ? Agraptochlora rubriplaga, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 33 (1897). 2. O. subaspersa (Warren). S. to E. Africa. Agraftochlora subaspersa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 390 (1894). 3. O. marginata (Warren). S. Africa. Agraptochlora marginata, Warren, Novit. Zool Vol. r, p. 390 (1894). ? Euchlovis devocata, Fawcett, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. Vol. 17, p. 184, t. 8, f. 5-8 (1903) (nec Walker). 4. O. modesta (Warren). S. Africa. Agraptochlora modesta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p- 32 (1897). 5. O. aficata (Warren). German E. Africa. Pycenodontia apicata, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 206 (19or). 6. O. bacoti, nov. sp. 1), Prout. S. Africa. SECTION II. — Antenna in cg shortly bipectinate. 7. O. vicinitaria (Wallengren) (huj. gen. ?). S. Africa. [odis vicinitaría, Wallengren, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. Vol. 7, p. 150 (1863). 1) Omphax bacoti, nov. sp. — c3 Q, 34 to 30 mm. Face red, mixed with ochreous below. Palpus ochreous, mixed with red. Legs ochreous, red on upper side except hindtibia and tarsus. Head green, narrowly ochreous (red- marked) between the antennz. Antenna quite short, thick, lamellate, scaled area ochreous mixed with red. Thorax green above, whitish beneath. Abdomen whitish ; crests wanting. Wings long and narrow, formed almost like A Ztadezionphtax (tvincfa, but more robust. Forewing green nearly as in that species, but rougher, costal edge narrowly pale ochreous; fringe cream-colour, tipped with pink. Hindwing white, sometimes strongly tinged with green in inner-marginal half ; fringe white, not tipped with pink except towards tornus. Underside whitisb, tinged with ochreous, especially at costa of both wings; the greater part of forewing (except termen and inner margin) sometimes with a slight smoky suffusion. Durban (E. A. Bacot). Type and two cotypes (all c) in coll. L. B. Prout. Pretoria, rogth December, :910 (D' Breyer), a Q; Transvaal, (C. H. Pead), a c; both in coll. Brit. Mus. Parberton, Transvaal,26th December, 19gro, a Q in coll. A. J. T. Janse. Two c from S. Africa in coll. Oxford Mus. Structure quite as in RhadinompAax, excepting the robust build and the non-anastomosis of €. of the hindwing. It probably forms at least a separate section of Omg£azx, differing in shape and lack of crests; perhaps even a genus. In the type specimen 5C! of left forewing approaches successively C and 5C? without anastomosinv; on the right wing it anastomoses at a point with C. In most examples it anastomoses slightly or strongly with both C and SC?. 196 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA B. O. nigricornis (Warren). Mombasa Island. Agraptochlora nigricornis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 208, t. 5, p. 14(1897). 9. O. rubriceps (Warren). Angola. Agraptochlora rubriceps, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 11, p. 464 (1904). ? Euproctis monophyes, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), Vol. 17, p. 541 (1906) (huj. gen. certo). 10. O. rhodocera (Hampson). Rhodesia. Prasinocyma rhodocera, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 475, t. 39, f. 29 (1910) 1). i 11. OQ, leucocraspeda, nov. sp. 2), Prout. Transvaal, Mashonaland. SEcTrioN III. — Build slender (C' unknown) (huj. gen.?). 12. O. anomala (Warren). British East Africa. Omphacodes (?) anomala, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 495 (1902). Comostolopsis (?) anomala, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 586 (1904). 144. GENUS PROSOMPHAX, WARREN Prosomphax. Warren. Ann. S. Afric. Mus. Vol. ro (1), p. 20 (1911). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus very short. Tongue slight. Antenna in (gj bipectinate to two-thirds (in Q simple, quieta). Hindtibia in c not dilated, in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in gf slight, in Q wanting. Forewing triangular, with costa nearly straight, shouldered at extreme base and arched distally. apex prominent, termen straight, oblique, cell one-half, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C, SC* normal, R! stalked, R? from near apex of cell, M!approximated at origin to R?; hindwing with apex and termen rounded, tornus pronounced, C approximated to SC for some distance, but not anastomosing, SC? short-stalked with R!. Early stages unknown. Certainly related to OmpAZax and Rhadinompkax, but distinguished by the absence of median spurs. We have not been able to study Warren's type species, but have quoted the characters given by him, merely making one or two additions from quieta which will certainly be found applicable. Type of the genus : ProsompAhax callista, Warren. Geographical distribution of species. — 5. Africa, ? British E, Africa, 1. P. callisia, Warren. Cape. Prosomplax callista, Warren, Ann. S. Afric. Mus. Vol. 10 (1). p. 20 (1911). 1) The type is a C, not « Q » as described, 2) Omphax leucocraspeda, nov. sp. — G Q9, 3o-36 mm. Face and palpus crimson, the latter in & minute, in Q nearly equal to diameter of eye. Vertex w'ite, tinzed with ochreous, occiput green, side of collar red. Antennal shaft ochreous-whitish proximally, more ochreous distally, pectinations in c? ochreous. Legs ochreous below, mostly crimson above. Thorax and base of abdomen green dorsally, abdomen otherwise white,the green continuing narrowly (and somewhat interrupted) on dorsum of segments 3-4. Wings bright green, irrorated with whitish; costal edge of forewing narrowly pale ochreous; no lines or spots; fringes whitish, slightly tinged with ochreous, their extreme bases mixed with green. Underside slightly paler, costal edge of forewiny ochreous as far as SC, in basal balt usually tinged with red, Transvaal: Kranspruit, r9 Dec. 1906 (type C! and 2r Dec. 1906 (G), Riet- fontein, 7 Dec. 1904 (Q), Boltfontein, 8 Jan. 1907 (Q), all from A. J. T. Janse; Salisbury. Mashonaland, Aug. 1900 (Q), G. A. K. Marshall; Mashona- land (Q) H. B. Dobbie. All these specimens are in coll. Brit. Mus. Also a Q from Kranspruit, 22 Dec. 1906, in coll. L. B. Prout, and one from Pretoria, 5 Dec. 1907, in coll. A. J. T. Janse. In one exanple SC! of forewing is free; in the rest it anastomoses with C, in three also with SC?. The structure is typical, except in the absence of crests; DC? of both wings excessively oblique. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 197 2. P. quieta, nov. sp. 1), Prout (huj. gen. ?). British E. Africa. Omphacodes anomala, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 552 (1904) (nec Warren). lA45. GENUS RHADINOMPHAX, NOV. GEN., PROUT Rhadinomphax, nov. gen. Prout. Omphacodes (part.). Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 396 (1894) (nec sect. typ.). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes small (scarcely as long as diameter of eye), second joint shortly scaled, third joint not elongate. Tongue present. Antenna in Cf subdentate, or with strong, clawed teeth, shortly ciliated, in Q minutely ciliated. Pectus slightly hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in cf not dilated, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in gf arising from before basal expansion, in Q wanting. Forewing triangular, rather narrow, costa nearly straight, apex moderately acute, termen nearly straight, oblique, cell about one-half, DC? deeply incurved, very oblique posteriorly, SC! from near end of cell, anastomosing quickly with C, SC? nor- mal, anastomosing strongly with SC! and quite exceptionally also with SC**, R! connate or short- stalked, R? from above middle of DC, M! well separate; hindwing with costa long, apex rounded, termen rather straight, tornus moderate, cell about one-half, DC? deeply inbent (usually inangled), strongly oblique below, C anastomosing to near end of cell, SC? stalked, R? very characteristic, M! well separate. Early stages unknown. Nearly akin to Dichroma, but of somewhat more slender build, with SC? of forewing normal, and with non-pectinate cf antenna. Warren evidently drew up his characterization of Omfhacodes from this genus, but chose as type directa, Walker, which is abundantly distinct and must of course bear the name. Type of the genus : Rhadinomphax divincta (Walker) — Iodis divincta, Walker. Geographical distribution of species. — 5. Africa. 1. R. divincía (Walker). Cape. Iodis divincta, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 543 (1861). Omphax (2) frondinata, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127, f 2,3 (1875). 2. R. pudicata (Walker). Cape. Iodis pudicata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 35, p. 1606 (1896). 3. R. sanguinipuncta (Felder). Cape. Omphax (?) sanguinipuncta, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het.t. 127, f. 1(1875). 4. R. trimeni (Felder). Cape. Omphax (?) trimeni, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127, f. 4 (1875). I46. GENUS DICHROMA, WESTWOOD Dichroma. Westwood, Duncan's Exot. Moths, p 224 (1841). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes little longer than diameter of eye, moderately 1) Prosomphax (?) quieta, nov. Sp. — 9,35 mm. Face and palpus ochreous red, paler below. Vertex green, paler between antenne Antenna pale ochreous, Thorax pale green above. Legs pale ochreous. Abdomen white. Forewing pale green, unmarked; costal edge narrowly pale ochreous ; fringe pale green in proximal half, white in distal. Hindwing greenish white, unmarked Underside white, of forewing slightly tinged with green, especially in costal half; costa of forewing as above. Machnkos, British E. Africa, 7 July, 1898 (R. C. Crawshay). Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Placed provisionally in this genus; the costa of forewing may be slightly more arched ; the cells are shorter, hence there are more stalkings, SC! of forewing being shortly stalked (t rough still arising before R!), M! of both wings stalked and SC? of hindwing longer-stalked ; SC! of forewing does not anastomose with C. 198 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA strong, second joint somewhat rough-scaled, third joint small, concealed. Tongue present. Antenna scarcely one-half, in. cf shortly bipectinate (the branches scarcely longer than diameter of shaft), apex nearly simple; in Q nearly simple. Pectus hairy. Femora glabrous; hindtibia in c not dilated, in both sexes with four well-developed spurs. Abdomen rather long, not crested. Frenulum in &' moderately strong, from before basal expansion, retinaculum near base; Q frenulum wanting. Forewing with costa straight, termen curved, strongly oblique, tornus rounded, cell about one-half, DC very deeply incurved, SC! anastomosing (usually strongly) with C, SC? very short-stalked (usually arising before R!), anast- omosing with SC! (usually strongly), R! stalked, R? from near R!, M'! separate ; hindwing rather narrow, costa long, apex rounded, termen somewhat rounded, becoming straighter towards tornus, cell about one-half, DC rather deeply incurved, C anastomosing to near end of cell, SC? stalked, R* characteristic, M! separate. Early stages unknown. Notable for the curious position of SC? of forewing, which is more primitive than in any other I 5 à genus except in Group I. When not before R! it arises only just aíter it. Type of the genus : Dichroma equestralis, Westwood (1841). Geographical distribution of species. — ^. Africa. 1I. D. equestralis, Westwood. Cape. Dichroma equestralis, Westwood, Duncan's Exot. Moths, p.224, t.30, p.1 (1841). Argyrophora equestrinaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 10, p. 232 (1858). NorE. — The other species placed by Westwood under this genus, Dichroma Aistrionalis (trofonta, Cramer) and arcualis (trofonia ab. ?) belong to the Geometrinae (Boarmiinae). The former, under its synonym monelata, Guenée, is the type of Guenée's genus Avgyrofhora, which will stand for the species in question 1); the position assigned to it by Guenée, near the genus Conpfsoftera, Blanchard (Ligia, Duponchel, nom. praocc.), may likely be correct. Dichroma alternata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 209, is Larentiid, close to Conchylia; Weymer, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. 1908, p. 512, proposed for it (under the synonym argenteofasciata) the genus Callythria. 147. GeNUS ARGYROGRAPHA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Argyrographa, nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in cf moderate, second joint rough.scaled above and beneath, reaching well beyond frons, third joint minute (Q unknown). Tongue slender. Antenna in gr bipectinate with moderately long branches, apical part nearly simple. Pectus and femora hairy. Hind- tibia and tarsus in c rough-scaled, tibia not dilated, all spurs present, tarsus as long as tibia. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in & slender and colourless, from before basal expansion. Forewing with costa very feebly arched, apex rather acute, termen smooth, oblique, curved posteriorly, cell fuily one-half, DC somewhat incurved, SC! from cell, sometimes anastomosing with C, SC? from close after R!, anastomosing with SC!, R! short-stalked, M! separate; hindwing with costa rather long, apex rounded, termen gently rounded, tornus rather pronounced, cell one-half, DC somewhat incurved, C approximated to cell to about one-half, rather gradually diverging, SC? stalked, M! separate. Early stages unknown. 1) Kirby, Zazdb. Lep. Vol. 5, p. 243, says of rgyropAora « nom przocc. », but wecannot find that this is the case: probably he was con- founding it with ArgyroeZorus, Blanchard, 1852. FAM. GEOMETRIDJE 199 'The differences from Comibaena, except the narrower wings and more Dichroma-like facies, are perhaps rather slight, yet sufficient; the rough-scaled hindleg, yet without the dilation and process, the anastomosis of SC? of forewing and the longer approximation of C of hindwing to cell are all distinctive. Type of the genus : Avgyrographa moderata (Walker) — Dichroma (?) moderata, Walker. Geographical distribution of species. — 5. Africa. I. A. moderata (Walker). Cape. Dichroma (?) moderata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 24, p. 1147 (1862). Euchloris eximiata, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127, f. 5 (1875). I48. GENUs PARAPRASINA, WARREN Paraprasina. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 43 (1897). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in cf moderate, in Q long, second joint with long pro- jecting scales, third joint smoother-scaled, in 9 ratherlong. Tongue wanting. Antenna in cj! bipectinate nearly to apex, with rather long, decreasing branches; in Q very shortly bipectinate. Pectus densely hairy. Femora hairy. Hindtibia in gf not dilated, in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Tarsi spinulose. Abdomen not crested, in Q very robust. Frenulum in gf moderately developed, arising before slight basal expansion, in Q vestigial. Forewing with costa arched at base and distally, straight between, apex squared, termen smooth, oblique, little curved, cell about one-half, DC strongly incurved, SC! from cell, anastomosing shortly with C or free, SC? normal, SC?* longer-stalked than usual, R!stalked, R? from well above middle of DC, M! separate; hindwing with termen smooth, rounded towards apex. otherwise rather straight, tornus pronounced, cell little less than one-half, DC incurved, C approximated to cell to fully one-half, not very rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R? from near R!, M! connate or very short-stalked. Early stages unknown. Type of the genus : Pavafrasina discolor, Warren (1897). Geographical distribution of species. — 5S. Africa. I. P. díscolor, Warren. — Pl. 4, Fig. 5. Cape to Transvaal. Paraprasina discolor, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 43 (1897). I49. GENUS MICROLOXIA, WARREN Microloxia. Warren, Proc. Zool, Soc. Lond. p. 354 (1893). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus moderate to long, fairly strong, second joint rather long, shortly scaled beneath, third joint smooth, in cf small or moderate, in Q long. Tongue present (sometimes rudimentary). Antenna in 5 bipectinate to three-fourths with moderate to long branches, in Q serrate-dentate. Pectus moderately hairy. Hindtibia in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in cf weak, from before strong basal expansion; in Q wanting. Forewing with costa not or scarcely arched, apex moderate, termen shghtly rounded, moderately oblique, cell nearly one-half, DC somewhat incurved, SC! from cell, anastomosing with or running into C (rarely free), SC? normal, anastomosing with SC!, or running into C, or free, R! about connate, 200 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA M! connate or short-stalked; hindwing with termen rounded, tornus moderate, cell somewhat less than one-half, DC little curved, C anastomosing with cell at a point near base, then diverging, SC? stalked, R? scarcely above middle, M! stalked. c genitalia : uncus pointed, with socii of equal length, gnathos atrophied, harpe fused, rounded, with extended sacculus, penis pestillate. Nearer to Culftnta and TAalera than to the Hemithea-group. Lanva. — Rather slender, head bifid, prothorax (and metathorax *) with two small prominences, body somewhat wrinkled transversely, carinated, attenuated anteriorly, surface shagreened with white granules; on Teucrium, Mentha, etc. (Goossens, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1871, p. 291, t. 4, f. 5; Milliere, Lépidoptérologie, Fasc. 1, p. 7, t. 2, f. 1). A small genus, to which has been referred a good deal of heterogenous material. Even as it is here restricted, the species show some variation of facies, and a little in structure; safurata, with shorter gf palpus and weak tongue (perhaps even wanting), may probably require generic separation, but its Q is at present unknown ; menadiara, of which the tvpe is lost, may be allied thereto, but we are not certain whether the specimen we have seen is conspecific with Thierry-Mieg's. The typical species of Microloxia are of quite small size, but relatively fairly robust, and have a good many characters in common with the large African Paraprasina., Type of the genus : Microloxia herbaria (Hübner) — Geometra herbaria, Hübner (1893). Geographical distribution of species. — Palarctic (except N. and E.), India, S. Africa. 1. M. herbaria (Hübner). S. Europe to Central Asia. Geometra herbaria, Hübner, Samml. Eur. Schmett., Geom. t. 79. f. 407 (1818 ?). Nemoria herbaria, Hübner, Verz. bek, Schmett, p. 255 (18267). Ellopia advolata, Eversmann, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, 1837, n? 2, p. 51 (1837) (var.?). [Geometra] graminaria (Kollar, MS.), Zeller, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. ro, P. 204 (1849) (nec PAorodesma graminaria, Kollar, 1850). Eucrostis herbaria, Lederer. Verh. Zool.-bot. Ver. Wien, Vol. 3, p. 172 (1853). Nemoria herbaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 350 (1855). Nemoria advolata, Guenée, ibidem, p. 350 (1858). Nemoria bruandaria, Milliére, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon (n. s.), Vol. 7, p. 243. t. 8, f. 10-12 (1861). Microloxia herbaria, Warren, Proc. Zool, Soc. Lond. p. 354 (1893). Synchlora bruandaria, Gumppenberg, Nova Act. Acad. Leop. d. Naturt. Halle, Vol. 64, p. 496 (1895). 2. M. indecretata (Walker). Bombay to Ceylon. Geometra (?) indecretata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1555 (1862). Jodis indecretata, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 430, t. 194, f. 5 (1887). Nemoria pruinosa, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 5, p. 224 (18580). Geometra aperta, Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 855, t. 56, f. 7 (1885). Nemoria directa, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 503 (1895) (nec Walker). Microloxia parvulata, Warren, in coll. Brit. Mus. (nec Walker). 3. M. leprosa (Hampson). Ceylon. Eucrostis leprosa, Hampson, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 9, p. 146, t. 170, f. 15 (1893). Nemoria leprosa, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 503 (1895). 4. M. menadiara (Thierry-Mieg) (huj. gen.?). Algeria. Phorodesma menadiara, Thierry-Mieg, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 15, p. 40 (1893). Eucrostes (?) menadaria, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 3), p. 263 (1901. 5. M. ruficornis, Warren. S. Africa, ? Sudan. Microloxia ruficornis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 42 (1897). 6. M. saturata ( Bang-Haas) (huj. gen. ?). Algeria, S. Spain. Eucrostes saturata, Bang-Haas, Iris, Vol. 19, p. 137, t. 5, f. 18 (1906). FAM. GEOMETRID/E 201 7. M. halimavia (Chrétien). Algeria. Eucrostes halimaria, Chrétien, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 31, p. 18 (1909). 8. M. chlorissodes, nov. sp. 1), rout. S. E. China. 150. GENUS PAMPHLEBIA, WARREN Pamphlebia. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 213 (1897). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus moderate to long, slender, third joint smooth, elongate, especially in Q. Tongue present. Antenna in c bipectinate to about two-thirds with moderate branches, in Q nearly simple. Pectus slightly hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in gf not dilated, in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in gf very slender, weak, from before strong basal expansion; in Q wanting. Forewing with costa straight, apex acute, termen oblique, little curved, cell short, DC? inangled, SC! stalked to beyond R!, anastomosing with C, R! stalked, R? above middle, M! connate or short-stalked ; hindwing with apex rather pronounced, termen sharply angled at R?, rather straight anteriorly and posteriorly, tornus pronounced, cell short, DC? more or less inbent, C anast- omosing at a point with C, rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, M! stalked. Early stages unknown. An offshoot of Microloxia, differing in the stalking of SC! of forewing and in the shape of the hindwing. Type of the genus : PampAlebia rubrolimbraria (Guenée) — Amaurinia rubrolimbraria, Guenée (1897). Geographical distribution of species. — 5. India to New Guinea. 1. P. rubrolimbraria (Guenée). S. India to New Guinea. Amaurinia yubrolimbraria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol, g, p. 386 (1858). Thalassodes diserta, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Mus. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 553 (1861). Thalassodes simpliciavia, Walker, ibidem, p. 553 (1861). Nemoria ruficinctaria, Snellen, Veth's Midden-Sumatra, Vol. 4 (8), p. 53(1880). Thalassodes vubrolimbataría, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 427 (1887). Comostola rubrolimbaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 492 (1889). Thalassodes rubrolimbraria, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3,p.513(1895). Pamphlebia rubrolimbaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 213 (1897). Pamphlebia rubrolimbaria, ab. interrupta, Bastelberger, Ent. Zeit. Stuttgart, Bismarck Archipelago. Vol. 21, p. 217 (1998) (ab. ?), I5Il. GENUS EUEANA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Eueana, nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus moderate to long, second joint shortly scaled, third joint smooth, in Q greatly elongate. Tongue present. Antenna in cf bipectinate to about three-fourths, with 1) Micro!oxia chlorissodes, nov. sp. — C, 22 mm. Face dull red. Palpus marked with dull red, especially on outer side and at tip, third joint rather elongate. Vertex green, narrowly white between antenna. Antennal shaít white proximally ; pectinations moderate. Thorax and abdomen green above, the latter somewhat paler. Wings green (somewhat faded, as with moisture). Forewing with costal edge ochreous, not dark-spotted ; antemedian line wanting, postmedian extremely faint, scarcely paler than the ground-colour, and scarcely appreciably dark-edged proximally, placed at about 2 mm, from termen, approximately parallel therewith, but sinuous, slightly incurved between R! and R? and rather more strongly in submedian area; no terminal line ; fringe long, concolorous proximally, slightly paler distally. Hindwing similar. Underside whitish green, costal half of forewing slightly more greenish, costal edge as above. Happy Valley, Hong-Kong, March 7th, 1898 (T. B. Fletcher). Type in coll. L. B. Prout, kindly presented by the captor. A second c, from Ningpo, June, 1886 (Leech coll.) isin coll. Brit. Mus. A third, almost certainly conspecific, from Kanshirei, Formosa, 23 April, 1908 in coll. Wileman (be wing the registration number 1626 F). In size, shape and colouring this species bears a rather close resemblance to CAhlorissa solidaria,but of course it is readily distinguished by the structural characters : pectinate antenna, shorter hindtibia, non-abbreviated tarsus and less long inner margin of hindwing. The third joint of palpus is rather longer than in the males of both so/idaria and typical Mzcro/oxia. ln the fore- wing SC! anastomoses with C, but not with SC*; in the hindwing R?is not so nearly centralas in typical Mzcro/oxía. The hindtibia is moderately dilated, with bair-pencil. 202 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA long, decreasing branches, in Q nearly simple. Hindtibia in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in & short, from before basal expansion, in Q wanting. Forewing rather broad, with costa slightly arched, apex moderate, termen gently curved, oblique, cell less than one-half, DC incurved, oblique posteriorly, SC! stalked, SC? normal, R! stalked to beyond SC!, M! separ- ate; hindwing with termen waved, somewhat convex, tornus rather pronounced, cell short, DC? very oblique posteriorly, C anastomosing with cell at a point near base, rapidly diverging, SC* stalked, M! separate. Ecc. — Elliptical. strongly flattened above and below, but rounded, one end depressed from side view ; shagreened, scarcely reticulate (Dvar, Psyche, Vol. 5, p. 118). Lanva. — Head strongly bilobed, the lobes increasing in sharpness in later stages, becoming conical horns, prothorax high, with two forward-directed prominences; body otherwise without special protuberances, slender, stiff, cylindrical, minutely frosted with white granules, legs short, anal plate pointed cordate. A remarkable mimic of a young twig of its foodplant, Condaiea ferrea (Dyar, loc. cit., who fully describes the five stages). PupaA. — Light brown with darker cases and broken dorsal line; in an imperfect net of threads among leaves (Dyar, loc. cit.). (The systematic position of this genus is somewhat uncertain. Except in shape and some minor points of venation, its characters seem to be nearly those of PamfAlebia, but it is scarcely likely that, with that genus, it is an offshoot of Microloxia. It is on the whole more likely that it springs from the Oospila-group, though with several specializations which remove it therefrom in our scheme. Type of the genus : Ewueana niveociliaria (Herrich-Schüffer) — Ewcrostis niveociliaria, Herrich- Schiffer. Geographical distribution of species. — West Indies to Florida. r, E. niveociliaria (Herrich-Scháffer). West Indies, Florida. Eucrostis niveociliaria, Herrich-Scháffer, Corr.-Bl. Zool.-min. Ver. Regensb. Vol. 24, p. 182 (1870). Eucrostis saltusaria, Hulst, Ent. Amer. Vol 2, p. 122 (1886). Racheospila saltusaria, Hulst, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p. 314 (1896); Holland, Moth Book, p. 336, t. 43, f. 20 (1903). Racheospila niveociliaria, Dyar, The Canad. Entom. Vol. 40, p. 171 (1908). Phorodesma niveociliaria (Warren MS.) Dyar, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. Vol. 10, p. 35 (1908). 152. GENUS RHODESIA, WARREN Rhodesia. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. 386 (1905). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in cf moderate, in 9 long, second joint rough-scaled, third joint smooth, distinct, in 9 long. Tongue slender. Antenna rather short, in ci rather strongly bipectinate to beyond two-thirds, in Q bipectinate (alboviridata) or dentate (viridalbata). "Pectus and femora hairy. Hindtibia in c not dilated, in both sexes with four well-developed, approximated spurs. Abdomen not appreciably crested. Frenulum in G' short, from before basal expansion, in Q wanting. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex moderate, termen slightly curved, oblique, cell less than one-half, DC? incurved, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C, SC? normal, R! short-stalked or connate, M! approximated; hindwing with apex and termen rounded, tornus moderately pronounced, cell FAM. GEOMETRID/E 203 rather short, DC slightly oblique, C anastomosing to at least one-half cell, SC? stalked, M! connate or short-stalked. Early stages unknown. Type of the genus : R/odesia viridalbata, Warren (1905). Geographical distribution of species. — /Ethiopian. I. R. viridalbata, Warren. Natal. Rhodesia viridalbata, Warren, Novit Zool. Vol. 12, p. 386 (1905). 2. R. alboviridata (Saalmüller). Madagascar, E. Africa, As- Comibaena alboviridata, Saalmüller, Ber. Senckenb. Nat Ges. 1879-80, hanti. P- 292 (1880). Phorodesma alboviridata, Saalmüller, Lep. Madag. (2), p. 495, t. 14, f. 271 (1891). Rhodesia alboviridata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p 386 (1905). I53. GENUS LASIOCHLORA, WARREN Lasiochlora. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1. p. 389 (1894). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes short, second joint shortly scaled, third joint smooth, quite small. Tongue present. Antenna bipectinate nearly to apex with longish (c) or moderate (Q) branches. Pectus somewhat hairy. Hindtibia in Q (and probably in cf) with all spurs. Abdomen typically with small crests. Frenulum in cj arising from before well-marked basal expansion, in Q wanting. Forewing with costa arched, apex acute, termen straight or very slightly incurved below apex, gently curved posterioily, cell one-half, DC curved, becoming oblique, SC! from cell, anastom- osing at a point with C, SC? normal, R! well removed at origin from SC?3, R? from near R!, M! well separate from R?; hindwing with costa rather long, termen typically subcrenulate, with a slight tooth at R3, cell about one-half, DC? incurved, C anastomosing to beyond one-half cell, SC? connate or very shortly stalked, R? from near R!, M! well separate from R?. Early stages unknown. Type of the genus : Lasiochlora diducta (Walker) — Comibaena diducta, Walker (1894). Geographical distribution of species. — ^. Africa. I. L. diducta (Walker). Cape to Natal. Comibaena diducta, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 571 (1861). Nemoria (?) lunigera, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127, f. 15 (1875). Lasiochlora diducta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 389 (1894). Geometra diducta, Warren, ibidem, p. 389 (1894). 2. L. bicolor (Thierry-Mieg). — Pl. 5, Fig. 6. Natal. Deilinia bicolor, 'Thierry-Mieg, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 29, p. 200 (1907). 154. GENUS SYNDROMODES, WARREN Syndromodes. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 45 (1897). Characters. — lace smooth. Palpus in both sexes short and slender, second joint shortly rough-scaled, third joint smooth-scaled, in both sexes quite small. Tongue slight. Antenna in Cf bipec- 204 : LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA tinate, apically merely dentate; in Q serrate-dentate. Pectus somewhat hairy. Femora glabrous. Hind- tibia in cf not dilated, in both sexes with four strong spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in c very slender, from before strong basal expansion, in Q wanting. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex rather acute, termen smooth, nearly straight, oblique, cell nearly one-half, DC? incurved, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C, SC? normal, R! separate or very shortly stalked, M! separate; hindwing with apex and termen rounded, tornus squared, cell somewhat less than one-half, DC? incurved, not very oblique, C anastomosing with cell to beyond one-half, SC? stalked, M! connate or approximated. Early stages unknown. Type of the genus : Syndromodes invenusta (Wallengren) — Jodis invenusía, Wallengren — Syndro- modes unicolor, Warren (1897). Geographical distribution of species. — .Ethiopian. I. S. invenusta (Wallengren). S. Africa. Iodis invenusta, Wallengren, Wien. Ent. Monat:chr. Vol. 7, p. 150 (1863). Syndromodes unicolor, Warren, Novit. Zool.Vol. 4, p. 45 (1897) (nov. syn.) 1). 2. S. dimensa (Walker) Cape. Thalassodes dimensa, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 549 (1861). 3. S. cellulata, Warren. Natal, Transvaal. Syndromodes cellulata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 16 (1898). 155. GENUS HIEROCHTHONIA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Hierochthonia, nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes quite short and slender, terminal joint very small. Tongue absent. Antenna in cf bipectinate to apex, the proximal branches rather long; in 9 shortly bipectinate. Pectus slightly hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in both sexes slender, with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in c slender, from before marked basal expan- sion; in gf wanting. Forewing with costa nearly straight proximally, somewhat arched distally, apex rather pronounced, termen nearly straight, oblique, cell not quite one-half, DC? somewhat incurved, SC! from cell. anastomosing with or running into C, SC? normal, R! about connate, M! just separate. Hindwing with apex and termen rounded, tornus not very pronounced, cell almost one-half, rather broad, DC? hardly oblique, C anastomosing to near end of cell (in alexandraria only approximated), SC? stalked, R? from scarcely above middle of discocellulars, M! short-stalked. Early stages unknown. Tyne of the genus : Hierochthonia pulverata (Warren) — Microloxia pulverata, Warren. Geographical distribution of species. — Western Asia. 1. H. Pulverata (Warren). Syria. Eucrostes olympiaria, 9, Bohatsch, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 29, P. 409 (1879) (nec Herrich-Scháffer). Microloxia pulverata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 193 (oor). Eucrostes semitaria, Püngeler, Iris, Vol. 14, p. 333 (1002). 1) Warren would have united these but that Wallengren mentions an « areole ». Whatever were Wallengren's species (certainly of this subfamily), that would be an error of observation, or a divergent use of the term. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 205 2. H. petitavia (Christoph) (huj. gen.?) 1). 'Transcaspian Provinces. Eucrvostis petitaria, Christoph, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 48, p. 165 (1887); Roman. Mém. Lép. Vol. 5, p. 47, t. 3, f. 3 (1889). 3. H. alexandraria, nov. sp.2), Prout (huj. gen.?). — Pl. 5, Fig. 7. — Central Asia. 156. GENUs TELOTHETA, WARREN Telotheta. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 140 (1900). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in gf rather short, in Q much elongate, second joint moderately rough-scaled, third joint in cf small, in 9 very long. Tongue present. Antenna not more than one-half, in cg bipectinate to two-thirds, apex nearly simple; in Q serrate, pubescent. Pectus slightly hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in c not dilated. in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested, Frenulum in 9 slender, from before basal expansion, in Q wanting. Forewing with costa nearly straight, apex pronounced, termen curved, oblique, cell short, DC slightly incurved, SC! stalked with SC*? (arising before R!), R! rather long-stalked. M! stalked. Hindwing with apex rounded, termen rounded. feebly bent at R9, tornus squared, cell short, DC very straight, C closely approximated to cell to beyond one-half, then divergent, SC? long-stalked, R? from slightly above middle of DC, M! stalked. Early stages unknown. Type of the genus : TelotAeta muscipunctata (Dognin) — Geometra muscipunctata, Dognin — Telo- P theta chlorostigma, Warren (1900). Geographical distribution of species. — Ecuador to Colombia. I. T. muscipunctata (Dognin). Ecuador to Costa Rica. Geometra muscipunctata, Dognin, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 14, p. 186 (1892). Telothcta chlorostigma, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 140 (1900) (nov. syn.). 157. GENUS CALLISTEUMA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Callisteuma, nov. gen. Prout, Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes short, very slender, terminal joint small. TTongue small, slender. Antenna short, in both sexes bipectinate, the branches moderately long in c, shorter in Q; apical one-third merely serrate. Pectus slightly hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in gf not dilated, in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in c slender, not long, from before marked basal expansion; in Q quite rudimentary, evidently non-functional. Forewing with costa scarcely arched, apex rather acute, termen smooth, slightly curved, cell about one-half, DC incurved, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C, SC? normal, well free from SC!, R! connate or separate, M! separate; hindwing with apex and termen rounded, tornus rather pronounced, cell about one-half, DC not very oblique, C anastomosing to beyond one-half of cell, SC? stalked, R? nor- 1) G' unknown; 9 antenna not pectinate; SC?, as well as SC!, running into C. 2) Hierochthonia (?) alexandraria (Püngeler, MS.), nov. sp. — 9. Similar to Zezitaria, Christoph, but differing as follows : antenna very shortly pectinate: forewing somewhat narrower, with costa straighter; colour more bluish green, more uniform ; fringe white; forewing with SC! anastomosing at a point with C; hindwing with C merely a22roximafed to cell (to considerably beyond one-half), not anastomosing; abdomen perhaps less robust, Alexander Mountains, Central Asia. Type in coll, Püngeler. On account of vein C of the hindwing, can hardly be allowed to remain on this genus. R! of forewing 1s well stalked. 206 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA mal, M! usually connate (Pl. 4, Fig.16). c genitalia with uncus bifid, gnathos bluntly pointed, harpe simple, penis pestillate, with thorn at the orifice of the aedceeagus and long cornulus; related to SyncAlora. Early stages unknown. No doubt a highly specialized descendent of Syachlora, convergent towards Hierochthonia, with which it shares nearly all characters, but retains the tongue. The presence of a vestigial Q frenulum, in spite ot advanced specialization, well illustrates the greater persistence of that organ in the New World, on which we commented in our Introduction. Type of the genus : Callisteuma fringillata (Schaus) — Aflodes fringillata, Schaus. Geographical distribution of species. — 5. I. Brazil. 1. C. fringillata (Schaus). — Pl. 5, Fig. 2. S. E. Brazil. Aplodes fringillata, Schaus, Journ. New York Ent. Soc. Vol. 5, p. 161 (1897). Microloxia fringillata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 135 (1900). 158. GeNUs DYSCHEILIA, DOGNIN Dyscheilia. Dognin, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 18, p. 160 (1911). Characters. — Palpus and tongue quite small, aborted. Antenna of 9 bipectinate, the pectina- tions well separated (cf unknown). Hindtibia with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in 9 wanting. Forewing with SC! free, R! stalked with SC?», R? above middle of DC, M! connate; hindwing with SC? long-stalked, R? above middle of DC, M! short-stalked. Early stages unknown. Only known to us from Dognin's diagnosis, with one or two supplementary characters supplied by the author in litt, Type of the genus : Dyscheilia inornata, Dognin (1911). Geographical distribution of species. — Argentina. 1. D. inornata, Dognin. Argentina. Dyscheilia inornata, Dognin, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 18, p. 160 (1011). I59. GeNUS XANTHOXENA, WARREN Xanthoxena, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 13o (1900). Characters. — Face smooth. Eye small. Palpus in Q moderate, slender, second joint with appressed scales, reaching about as far as frons, third joint moderate, distinct (c* unknown). Tongue developed. Antenna in Q bipectinate with long branches. Pectus slightly hairy. Femora glabrous. Hind- tibia with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum in Q wanting, basal expansion of hindwing moderate. Forewing broad, with costa arched, apex rounded, termen convex, oblique posteriorly, cell short, DC slightly oblique, not incurved, SC! stalked to beyond R!, SC? stalked to well beyond SC?, R! stalked, R?from near apex of cell, M! short-stalked; hindwing with apex rounded, termen strongly convex, tornus squared, cell rather short, DC rather oblique, C approximated to cell to nearly one-half, SC? stalked, R* from near R!, M! stalked. Early stages unknown. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 207 Like the Old-World XantAodura, this genus has struck out an entirely independent course, at least as regards coloration, but there is no possible doubt as to its belonging to the present subfamily. Unfor- tunately only the 9 is known. Beyond the small eye and the stalking of SC! it shows nothing in common with Xanthodura. Type of the genus : Xaníhoxena imitans, Warren (1900). Geographical distribution of species. — Ecuador. I. X. imilans, Warren. Ecuador. Xanthoxena imitans, Warren, Novit Zool. Vol. 7, p. 131 (1900). 160. GENUS XANTHODURA, BUTLER Xanthodura. Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 5, p. 384 (1880). Characters. — Face smooth. Eye rather small. Palpus in c shortish, second joint moderately rough-scaled, third joint minute (Q unknown). Tongue present. Antenna in gf bipectinate with moderate branches (tips lost). Pectus hairy. Femora hairy (?). (Hindlegs lost.) Abdomen short, not crested. Frenulum in gf rather slender, from before basal expansion, retinaculum near base. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex moderate, termen entire, oblique, slightly curved, cell less than one- half, SC! well stalked with SC*?5, anastomosing with C, SC? from just before SC*, R! apporoximated to SC?», R? from very near R!, Mlapproximated to R?; hindwing with apex rounded, termen weakly sinuate between R! and R?, then prominent, tornus pronounced, inner margin long, cell short, DC? very slightly incurved, then rather strongly oblique, C anastomosing at a point with cell, rapidly diverging, SC? very short.stalked, R? from close to R!, M! connate. Early stages unknown. An apparently isolated genus, with marked indications of specialization. The type is unique, and unfortunately not perfect. Type of the genus : Xanl/odura trucidata, Butler (1880). Geographical distribution of species. — Madagascar. r. X. trucidata, Butler. — PI 5, Fig. Il. Madagascar. Xanthodura trucidata, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 5, p. 385 (1880). Group VI I6I. GeENus PARAMAXATES, WARREN Paramaxates. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r. p. 387 (1894). Lissolica. Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 172 (1894). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus moderate, second joint stout, shortly rough-scaled, third joint in cf short, subovate, in Q somewhat longer, but not extreme. Tongue developed. Antenna simple in both sexes. Pectus hairy. Femora more or less hairy. Hindtibia in gf somewhat dilated with hair-pencil, in both sexes with all spurs present. Abdomen not crested, anal tuft strong. Forewing with 208 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA costa well arched, termen strongly crenate, excised between R! and R?, a strong tooth at R$, cell less than one-half, DC incurved or inangled, SC! from cell, free, SC? normal, M! approximated at its origin to R?; hindwing narrow, shaped nearly as in Maxafes, the tail slightly less extreme, cell short, DC curved, rather oblique posteriorly, C shortly approximated to cell near base, then rapidly diverging, SC? connate or very shortly stalked with R!, M! usually just separate, sometimes connate, very occasi- onally minutely stalked (Pl. 4, Fig. 1 3). c genitalia with uncus bifid, widely divided at the base, gnathos very narrow, atrophied, harpe serrate along the inner margin, penis rounded, with two small horny cornuli ; the eighth sternite terminates in two points; on the eighth tergite there is a plate with two long arms, quite distinct from any other form studied, suggesting more affinity with the Actemochroma- or Hijparchus-groups than with any of the more specialized forms. Early stages unknown. A curious genus, apparently quite distinct genetically from the other species with frenulum wanting; possibly derived from a form akin to Dooabia. The loss of the frenulum is here accompanied by less manifest expansion of the base of costa than elsewhere. Type of the genus : Paramaxates polygrapharia (Walker) — Hiyfochroma polygrapharia, Walker — Paramaxaltes vagata, Warren (1894). Geographical distribution of species. — Indo-Malayan. 1. P. folygrapharia (Walker). N. India to Borneo and Hypochroma polygrapharia, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 21, Celebes P. 429 (1860). Macaria vagata, Walker, ibidem, Vol. 23, p. 927 (1861). Trygodes vagata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 642 (1567). Paxamaxates vagata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 387 (1894). Paramaxates vagata celebensis, Warren, ibidem, p. 387 (1894). Paramaxates vagata khasiana, Warren, ibidem, p. 387 (1894). Lissolica polygrapharia, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 172 (1894). Paramaxates polygrapharia, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 506(1895). 162. GeNUS CATHYDATA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Cathydata, nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — Face with projecting tuft of scales. Palpus in both sexes with second joint very long, shortly scaled, third joint smooth, in c quite moderate, in Q very long. Tongue developed. Antenna in Cf bipectinate with moderate branches, in Q simple. Pectus hairy. Hindtibia in C dilated, with hair-pencil and process, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Wings thinly scaled, subhyaline. Forewing with costa slightly arched (more so at base), apex moderate, rounded, termen slightly waved, oblique, bending and becoming very oblique, tornus somewhat rounded off, cell less than one-half, DC? deeply inangled, DC? deeply incurved (thus with a sharp angle at origin of R?), SC! from cell, free, SC? normal, R! about connate, M! connate or short-stalked; hindwing with apex rounded off, termen produced to a strong tooth at R! and a still stronger at R?, thence crenulate to tornus, cell less than one-half, quite short anteriorly, DC? curving, becoming extremely oblique, DC? arising far distally to origin of DC?, C approximated to cell for some distance near base, SC? very long-stalked, M! very short-stalked. Early stages unknown. Probably derived from the PArudocentra-Neagathia-group. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 209 Type of the genus : Caf/Aydaía batina (Druce) — Racheospila (?) batina, Druce. Geographical distribution of species. — Tropical America. 1. C. batina (Druce). Guatemala to Colombia. Racheospila (?) batina, Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. Lep. Het. Vol. 2, p. 92, t. 5o, f. 9, 1o (1892). I63. GENUS CHLORACTIS, WARREN Chloractis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 88 (1895). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in gf slender, moderate, smooth-scaled (Q unknown). Tongue present. Antenna in c bipectinate with short branches. Hindtibia in c scarcely dilated, but with a terminal process fully one-third as long as tarsus, all spurs well developed. Abdomen not crested. Wings thinly scaled, subhyaline. Forewing with costa gently arched, apex acute, termen slightly incurved to R?, here elbowed, thence very oblique, tornus not sharp, cell less than one-half, DC deeply inbent, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C, SC? normal, R? from above middle, M! approximated at origin to R?; hindwing with termen produced to a tail at R?, tornus pronounced, inner margin long, cell less than one-half, DC? strongly inbent, C rather shortly approximated to cell near base, rapidly diverging, SC? rather long-stalked, R? from very near R!, M! very short-stalked. Early stages unknown. Related to the preceding, but differing in the palpus, the form of discocellulars, shape of wing, etc. Tyne of the genus : C/iloractis Pulcherrima (Butler) — Calothysanis pulcherrima, Butler (1895). Geographical distribution of species. — Tropical America. 1. C. fulcherrima (Butler). Amazons, Colombia, Tri- Calothysanis pulcherrima, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 342 (1881). nidad. Chlorinthia pulcherrima, Kaye, ibidem, p. 147 (1901). I64. GENUS CACOOCHLORIS, Nov. GEN., PROUT Cacochloris, nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — lace smooth. Palpus moderate or longish, rather stout, second joint rough- scaled, third joint small or (ocAhrea) slightly elongate. Tongue short. Antenna short, in both sexes bipectinate with moderately long branches. Pectus somewhat hairy. Hindtibia in Cf not dilated, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Frenulum wanting in both sexes, basal expansion of hindwing well marked. Wings thickly scaled. Forewing with costa straight, apex rather acute (less so in ochrea), termen oblique, straight anteriorly, curved posteriorly, cell about one-half; DC inbent, oblique posteriorly, SC! from cell, anastomosing strongly with C, SC? coincident with (wvidula) or stalked with (ochrea) SC!, R! short-stalked, M! separate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen somewhat rounded, tornus rather prominent, cell short, DC? usually rather incurved, C anastomosing with cell at a point (uvidula) or rather more (ochrea), gradually diverging, SC? stalked, R? normal, M! separate. Early stages unknown. 210 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 'The absence, or point of origin, of SC?, as well as the coloration, suggests some doubts whether this genus truly belong to the Hemitheinae. |t might almost, like A45/asta, be referred to the QznocAro- minae. Type of the genus : Cacochloris wvidula (Swinhoe) — Stegania uvidula, Swinhoe. Geographical distribution of species. — India, Africa. 1. C. uvidula (Swinhoe). — PI. 4, Fig. 15. W. and Central India to Stegania uvidula, Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 860 (1885). Ceylon. Euchloris wvidula, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 498 (1893). 2. C. ochrea (Warren). German E. Africa, N. Ni- Euchloris ochrea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 210, t. 5, f. 21 (1897). geria. 165. GENUS EUCHLORIS, HOUBNER Euchloris. Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 283 (1826?) 1). Thetidia. Boisduval, Gen. et Ind. Meth. Eur. Lep. p. 189 (1840). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes with second joint rather long, usually strong, strongly rough-scaled above and beneath, third joint moderate to long, partly concealed by projecting scales of second joint. Tongue short and slender. Antenna in Qf bipectinate to two-thirds, or further, with long branches, apically merely serrate; in Q usually subserrate. Pectus hairy. Femora somewhat hairy. Hindtibia in cf not dilated, but rough-scaled, sometimes even slightly hairy, sometimes with a small pencil of hairs from the femoro-tibial joint; in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Forewing with costa gently arched, apex moderate, termen oblique, curved posteriorly, cell about one-half, DC more or less curved, becoming rather oblique, SC! from cell, free or anastomosing with C, SC? normal, sometimes anastomosing with SC!, R! connate or approximated (in f/usiaria short- stalked), M! approximated or rarely connate (in fiusiaría well separated); hindwing with termen fully or moderately rounded, rarely a little subcrenulate, cell nearly one-half, DC usually little incurved, but becoming somewhat oblique posteriorly, C approximated to cell for some distance (at a point only in quantula), then moderately divergent, SC? connate or short.stalked, M! connate or approximated (well separate in j/usiaría) (Pl. 2, Fig. 17). C' genitalia : uncus bifid, with pointed socii, gnathos terminating in a point, harpes parallel plain, vinculum square, deeply emarginate at the base, penis a long fine needle (smaragdaria; Plusiaria agrees except that gnathos seems to be absent, vinculum rounded). Ecc. — A short broad oval, much flattened on either side, surface with fine hexagonal reticulation (IBusrows, Ent. eec: Vol. 12; p.-1535t: 75 £X). Lanva. — With surface very rough, shagreened, a pronounced lateral flange, special tubercles on abdominal segments 1-4 (above the flange), 5 (on the flange, ventral and posterior) and 8 (dorsal), bearing, in first instar, crescend-topped hairs; in later life the tubercles themselves become tall, cone- shaped, and covered with horny hooks. By means of these special organs, the larva clothes itself with fragments of the foodplant (Burrows, loc. cit. p. 154, 169, t. 7, f. 2-4). Pura, — Rugose, shagreened, spiny, spiracles very large and prominent, dorsal area of anal segment prolonged beyond anus, bearing a group of spines which terminate in spirally curved hooks (Burrows, loc. cit. p. 171). 1) The name ZucAloris was unfortunately used by Billberg (umm. Zns. Maus. Bilib. p. 23, 1820) in the Coleoptera, but as it was entirely undescribed, and has been rightly ignored by Coleopterists, we have not thought it necessary to suppress the name here, Should it be judged desirable, however (on the ground that it is not always possible for workers on one Order of Insects to judge or to sift questions of validity in another Order), to adopt a rigid law against duplications, the present genus must be called Z/reidia (type, P/wsiaria, Lucas sel., Chenu's Excyc/. Vol. 2, p. 153). FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 211 We refer here all the frenulum-losing species of the Comibaena-group which have all four spurs present in both sexes. The relation to Comibaema is quite certain, by characters of palpus, genitalia, larva, etc. It is not quite certain, however. that Section II may not form a distinct genus, the palpus being more slender and the larva and genitalia at present unstudied. Its extremely long antennal pectinations, with only a very short apical extremity simple, and the point-anastomosis of vein C of the hindwing 1) further help to place it a little apart, and its aspect is rather nearer to the Comostola-group than to typical Euchloris. With it, however, it shares the strong tendency to escape the stalking of SC? of hindwing, the general proportions of palpus and build of legs. The species in Section I are quite homogeneous in essentials, though covering almost the full range of the recognized venational variants. It is curious that we have only observed one species (f/usiaria) in which SC! ever anastomoses with SC?, and that in the specimens where this occurs it is always separate from C, though in some other specimens of the same species it anastomoses with C (as occasionally happens in most of its congeners). Tyne of the genus : Euchloris smaragdaria (Fabricius) — PAalaena smaragdaría, Fabricius (1826?). Geographical distribution of species. — Palcarctic Region, India. SECTION I. — Palpus stout; cf antennal pectinations moderately long. I. E. smaragdaria (Fabricius). Palearctic Region Phalaena smaragdaria, Fabricius, Mant. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 192 (1787). Geometra smaragdaria, De Villers, Linn. Ent. Vol 4, p. 499 (1789). Euchloris smaragdaria, Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 283 (1826?). Hemithea smaragdaria, Duponchel, Hist. Nat. Lép. Vol. 7 (2), p. 251, t. 152, f. 5 (1829). Hipparchus smaragdarius, Curtis, Brit. Ent. Vol. 7, fol. 3oo (1830). Phórodesma smaragdaria, Boisduval, Gen. et Ind. Meth. Eur. Lep. p. 179 (1840). Geometra smaragdaria, var. gigantea, Milliere, Icon. Chen. Vol. 3, p. 423, t. 152. f. 16-18 (1874) (var. et ab.). Phorodesma smaragdaria, var. castiliaria, Staudinger, Iris, Vol. 5, p. 141 (1892) (ead. ac. prac.). Phorodesma smaragdaria, aberr. obsoleta, alinea, unilimea, caeruleo-vtridis et viridis, Burrows, Ent. Rec. Vol. 12, p. 115 (1900). 2. E. immaculata (Thunberg) (huj. gen. ?) (prec. ab.?). Sweden (?). Geometra immaculata, 'Thunberg, Diss. Ins. Suec. (1). p. 8 (1784). Nemoria immaculata, Aurivilius, Nord. Fjár. p 198 (1891). Euchloris (?) immaculata, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 3), p. 263 (19o1). 3. E. volgaria (Guenée) (smaragdaria var. ?). S. E. Russia to CentralAsia. Geometra prasinaria, Eversmann, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, 1837, n? 2, p. 53 (1837) (non Hufnagel, 1767, nec Schiffermüller, 1775). Geomzetra volgaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 344 (1858). Phorodesma smaragdaría, var. prasinaria, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 1), p. 63 (1861). Phorodesma smaragdaria, var. prasinaría, var. mongolica, Staudinger, Iris, Vol. 9, p. 271 (1897) (var.?). 4. E. blusiaria ( Boisduval). Spain, Algeria. Thetidia plustaria (Rambur, ined.), Boisduval, Gen. et Ind. Meth. Eur. Lep. p. 189 (1840). Phorodesma plusiaría, Lederer, Verh Zool.bot. Ver Wien, Vol. 3, p. 172 (1853). Euchloris plusraria, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 3), p. 263 (1901). 5. E. albocostaria ( Bremer). E. Siberia, Japan, Corea. Euchloris albocostaría, Bremer, Mém. Acad. Sc. St.-Pétersb. Vol. 8, p. 76, t. 6, f. 22 (1864). Phorodesma albicostaria, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 2), p. 144 (1871). 1) This is someti nes ina measure shared by Psiaria, but there the anastomosis is only accidental, followed by gradual divergence. 212 ILLIEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 6. E. chlorophyllaria (Hedemann). E. Siberia, China. Phorodesma chlorophyllaria, Hedemann, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 14, p. 5ro, t. 3, f£. 7 (1879). Nemoria chlorophyllaria, Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 64, p. 490 (1895). Euchloris chlorophyllaria, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 3), p. 263 (1901) (nec Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 239). 7. E. jankowskiaria (Milliere). : S. E. Siberia. Phorodesma jankowskiaria (Milliere), Oberthür, Diag. Lép. Askold, p. 8 (1879); Etud. Ent. Vol. 5, p. 47, t. 4, f. 7 (1880). Euchloris jankowskiaria, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 3), p. 263 (19o1). 8. E. serraria (Staudinger). Fergana. Phorodesma smaragdaria, var. (?) serraria, Staudinger, Iris, Vol. 5, p. 141 (1892). Euchloris serraria, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 3), p. 263 (1901). 9. E. smaragdularia (Staudinger). Fergana. Phorodesma smaragdularia, Staudinger, Iris, Vol. 5, p. 142 (1892). Euchloris smaragdularia, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 3), p. 263(1901). IO. E. virvidifrons, Warren. N. Afghanistan. ' Euchloris (?) viridifrons, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4. p. 389 (1897). SEcTION II. — Palpus rather slender; c antennal pectinations extremely long. 11. E. quantula (Swinhoe). Bombay to Ceylon. Iodis quantula, Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 855, t. 56, f. 6 (1885). Comiboena glareosa, Swinhoe, ibidem, p. 855, f. 8 (1885) (ab.). Euchloris quantula, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 49911895). Norz. — Euchloris baliata, exarata and adi/osata, Felder (Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127. f. 7, 8, 19) belong to the genus Zamarada ; Euchloris simpliciaria, Leech (Aun. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) Vol. 20. p. 239) is a very close ally or synonym of Caberodes viridis, Warren. These, therefore, with two indicated in Turner's recent revision (p. 650), must be removed from the subfamily. Stoll's frosinaria (Suppl. Pap. Exot. Cramer, p. 16r, t. 36, f. 7) referred by Boisduval to TAetidia (— Euchloris) is a Larentiid of the genus Conchylia, 166. GENUS AGLOSSOCHLORIS, NOV. GEN., PROUT [L Aglossochloris, nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus rather long, second joint stout, much longer than first, densely scaled above and beneath, third joint in both sexes rather small, exposed, smooth-scaled. Tongue wanting, or (in radiata) quite vestigial. Antenna in c bipectinate with rather long branches, a rather short apical portion nearly simple; in Q very shortly bipectinate. Pectus hairy. Femora somewhat hairy. Hindtibia in cf rough-scaled, median spurs aborted (/ulmimaria) or absent. Tarsi spinulose. Abdomen not crested. Forewing with costa straight, except at extreme base and close to apex, apex rather acute, termen smooth, very oblique, somewhat curved posteriorly, tornus rounded, cell nearly one-half, DC somewhat curved, SC! free, SC? normal (sometimes quite shortly stalked), R! short-stalked, connate or closely approximated, M! separate; hindwing with costa fairly long, apex rounded, termen smooth, little convex, tornus moderate, cell less than one-half, DC slightly or moderately oblique posteriorly, C approximated to cell for some distance near base, rather gradually diverging, SC? separate, connate or stalked, R? variable, M! approximated, sometimes about connate. LaRVa. — Apparently quite similar, certainly similarly clothed, to that of EucAloris. An Asiatic development of Euckloris, of similar facies to Plusiaria. The tibial armature of fuIminaria is probably in a state of flux, but it is very remarkable that all the males and none of the females which [95] FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 21 we have seen, or of which we can obtain information, have the median spurs (or one at least) persisting — an absolutely unique reversal of the general course of evolution of the armature. Type of the genus : Aelossochloris fulminaria (Lederer) — PAhorodesma fulminaria, Lederer. Geographical distribution of species. — Central Asia to N. India, ? Amur. 1. A. fulminaria ( Lederer). N. Persia, Turkestan. Phorodesma fulminaria, Lederer, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 8, p. 17, t. 2, f. 4 (1870). Euchloris fulminaria, Stau Anger, Cat. (ed. 3), p. 263 (19gor). 2. A. radiata (Walker). N. India. Thetidea (2?) radiata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1567 (1862). Euchloris radiata, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 498 (1895). 3. A. correspondens (Alphéraky) (bon. sp. certo). W. 'Thian-Shan to Zeraf- Phorodesma fulminartia, var. correspondens, Alphéraky, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. shan. Vol. 17, p. 157, t. o, p. 85 (1883). Euchloris correspondens, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 3), p. 263 (1901). : 4. A. crucigerata (Christoph). N. Persia, Turkestan. Phorodesma crucigerata, Christoph, Rom. Mém. Lép. Vol. 3, p. 93, t. 4, f. 11 (1887). Euchloris crucigerata, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 3), p. 263 (19or). 5. A. mabillei ((Thierry-Maeg). Central Asia 1). Phorodesma mabillei, 'Thierry-Mieg, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 15, p. 162 (1893). 167. GENUS IULOPS, NOV. GEN., PROUT lulops, nov. gen. Prout. Characters, — Face and base of antenna with projecting scales. Palpus rather long, second joint long, with long-projecting scales beneath and shortly rough-scaled above, third joint in both sexes somewhat elongate, slender. Tongue present. Antenna moderate, in cf with very long pectinations to near apex, very suddenly shortening (much as in Ewchloris quantula), in Q very shortly ciliated. Pectus and femora hairy. Hindtibia in cf not dilated, somewhat rough-scaled, without median spurs, the terminals strong, the inner the longer (in Q doubtless with terminal spurs only) 2). Abdomen not crested. Forewing with costa arched, apex moderate, termen rather straight, oblique, cell one- half, DC? very oblique posteriorly, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C, usually well removed from SC?, SC? normal, R! separate (DC! often quite long), R? usually from very near R!, M! remote at origin from R?; hindwing with apex and termen moderately rounded, tornus moderately pronounced, cell almost one-half, DC? very oblique posteriorly, C rather shortly approximated to cell near base, rather rapidly diverging, SC? connate, R? variable, sometimes rather extreme, oftener little above middle, M! remote at its origin from R?. Lanva. — Undeseribed; clothes itself with florets of aster (Lucas, Victor. Nat. Vol. 5, p. 26). Certainly another offshoot of Euchloris. Type of the genus : /ulops argocrana (Meyrick) — Eucrostis argocrana, Meyrick. Geographical distribution of species. — Victoria, lasmania. 1) Staudinger's suspicion that the published locality Amur was due to an error is justified. Thierry- Mieg's type (teste Dognin in litt.) and the co-type kindly lent us by M. Dognin are both labelled Central Asia. It is a curicous coincidence that a couple of another Central Asiatic species (correspondens) in coll. Brit. Mus. are also labelled Amur; we have assumed this also to be an error. 2) The only 9 which we have seen has lost both hindlegs. 214. LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 1. I. argocrana (Meyrick). Victoria, Tasmania, ueens- Eucrostis argocrana, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, land. p- 867 (1888). Cymatoplex argocrana, 'Turner, ibidem, Vol, 35, p. 578 (1910). 168. GENUS HOLOTERPNA, PÜNGELER Holoterpna. Püngeler, Iris, Vol. 12, p. 296 (1900). Characters. — Face densely but smoothly scaled (vertex perhaps rougher-scaled than most of the group). Palpus moderate to rather short, in type rather stout, second joint rough-scaled, third joint stout, in Q rather elongate. Tongue rudimentary or wanting. Antenna over one-half (in fruinosata only one-half), in cf bipectinate with short branches, in Q simple, rather thick. Thorax strongly clothed above, densly hairy beneath. Femora hairy. H:ndtibia in c not dilated, in both sexes moderately stout, with terminal spurs only. Tarsi moderately spinulose. Abdomen robust, not crested. Wings rather robust, thickly scaled. Forewing triangular, costa straight, only close to apex a little arched, apex roundly prominent, termen entire, oblique, longer than inner margin, very little convex, tornus rounded, cell about one-half, DC rather deeply inbent, SC! free, SC? normal, R! about connate, M! connate or just separate; hindwing with costa (especially in type species) rather long. apex rounded, termen little convex, tornus pronounced, inner margin moderately long (in Prutnosata very long, tornal area produced), cell somewhat less than one-half, SC? very shortly stalked, R* very characteristic, M! connate or just separate, exceptionally very shortly stalked. Early stages unknown. In spite of the different facies, seems to differ from Aglossochloris only in minor characters. It is questionable whether ?xuinosata strictly belongs to the genus. Type of the genus : Holoterpna diagrapharia, Püngeler (1900). Geographical distribution of species. — lurkestan, Palestine. SECTION I, — Palpus, antenna, abdomen and length of hindwing moderate. 1. H. diagrapharia, Püngeler. Turkestan. Holoterpna diagrapharia, Püngeler, Iris, Vol. 12, p. 296, t. 9, f. 14 (1900). SECTION II. — Palpus, antenna and abdomen rather short, hindwing much elongate to tornus. 2. H. prvuinosata (Staudinger). — PI. 5, Fig. 1 2. Palestine. Eucrostes (?) pruinosata, Staudinger, Iris. Vol. 10, p. 303 (1898). Holoterpna pruinosata, Püngeler, ibidem, Vol. 12, p. 297 (1900). 169. GeNUs DYSCHLOROPSIS, WARREN Dyschloropsis. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 89 (1895). Hipparchus. Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 64, p. 462 (1895) (nec Leach). Characters. — lace smooth. Palpus in both sexes short (scarcely as long as diameter of eye), second joint rather shortly rough-scaled, third joint small, not exposed. Tongue rudimentary. Antenna FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 215 rather short, in gf bipectinate to apex, with moderate branches; in Q strongly serrate (almost sub- pectinate). Pectus hairy. Hindtibia in cj* not dilated, in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested. Forewing triangular, costa scarcely arched, apex acute, termen oblique, entire, very slightly prominent in middle, cell nearly one-half, DC somewhat incurved, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C, SC? normal, sometimes anastomosing shortly with SC!, R! short-stalked, M! separate; hindwing with costa long, termen rather straight, slightly incurved between H!and R?, at which points it is very slightly bulged, tornus moderate, cell somewhat less than one-half, DC? somewhat incurved, C anast- omosing with cell at a point or very shortly near base, gradually diverging, SC? stalked, M! connate or separate. Early stages unknown. This genus and Holoterpna are possibly offshoots of Microloxia, through loss of frenulum, short- ening of palpus, change of wing-shape, etc. In colour and texture /Toloterpua scarcely differs from Dyschlorofsis, and most structural characters agree, though the latter is less robust, with very differently shaped hindwing (costa longer, inner margin shorter, a weak sinuosity between R! and R?); it would be possible to merge them. Type of the genus : Dyschloropsis impararia (Guenée) — Iodis impararia, Guenée. Geographical distribution of species. — 5. Russia to W. Mongolia. I. D. impararia (Guenée). S. Russia to W. Mongolia. Iodis impararía, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 354 (1858). Eucrostis imparata, Herrich-Scháffer, Neu. Schmett. Eur. Vol. 3, p. 27, f. 136 (1861). [ TAalera] impararía, Lederer, Wien. Ent. Monats. Vol. 5, p. 358 (1861). Dyschloropsis impararia, Warren, Novit. Zcol. Vol. 2, p. 89 (1895). Hipparchus impararia, Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 64, p. 463 (1895). Gcometra impararia, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 3), p. 261 (190r). 170. GENUS THALERA, HÜBNER Thalera. Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett, p. 285 (1826?); Lederer, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ver. Wien, Vol. 3, D381/723(01853)]* Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus quite short, second joint rather strongly rough-scaled, third joint in both sexes very small. Tongue present. Antenna in ci bipectinate to apex, the branches moderate or long at first, at apex very short; in Q very shortly bipectinate. Pectus hairy. Femora almost glabrous. Hindtibia in cf. not dilated, in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested. Forewing with costa shouldered at base, thence straight to near apex, apex squared, termen oblique. very faintly sinuous, in /acerataría excised below apex, otherwise merely slightly prominent in middle, cell less than one-half, DC? deeply inbent, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C (very exceptionally free), SC? normal, very usually anastomosing with SC!, R! short-stalked. R? from much above middle of DC, M! approximated to R?; hindwing with apex rounded off, termen excised between R! and R?, toothed at these veins and very minutely at the others, tornus moderate, cell less than one-half, DC? deeply inbent, C anastomosing shortly with cell, approximately for its second fifth (in lacerataria at a point only), then rather rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, sometimes quite shortly 1), R? characteristic, M! approx- imated to R?. cx genitalia with uncus tapering to fine point, socii bulbed at base, of equal length with 2) Lederer says connate; we have observed no such case, 216 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA uncus, gnathos atrophied, harpe fused at base, scobinated above, sacculus extended beyond the harpe, penis pestillate, widening above (compare Microloxia). Làmva. — Slender, twig-like, head produced into two sharp points, deeply cleft between, pro- thorax similarly produced into two points, projecting over head, body without prominences, anal flap produced, terminating in two points. Colour green, with rose-red (sometimes interrupted) dorsal line. On Calluua, etc. (de Roo van Westmaas), Sepp's Nederl. Ins. (2). Vol. 3, p. 23, t. 5). PuPa. — Structure not described, some good figures given in Sepp, loc. cit. (f. 9-12). On the apparent origin of this genus see Culinia. There must also be a close collateral relationship with Dyschlorofsis. There is a slight superficial resemblance to the type species of Hemi!hea, which has been greatly exaggerated by early writers. Type of the genus : Thalera fimbrialis (Scopoli) — Phalaena fimbrialis, Scopoli (1853). Geographical distribution of species. — Palcarctic Region, N. India. I. T. fimbrialis (Scopoli). a. T/halera fimbrialis fimbrialis. Europe to Central Asia. Phalaena fimbrialis, Scopoli, Ent. Carn. p. 216 (1763). Phalaena Geometra thymiaria, Linné, Syst.Nat. (ed. 12), Vol. 1 (2), p.859(1767). ? Phalaena fimbriata, Hufnagel, Berl. Mag. Vol. 4, p. 604 (1767). Phalaena Geometra bupleuraria [Schiffermüller], Schmett. Wien, p. 97 (1775). Phalaena Geometra ditaria, De Villers, Linn. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 302 (1789) (nec Fabricius). Geometra bupleuraria, Hübner, Samml. Eur. Schmett. Geom. t. 2, f. 8(17967); p. 16 (1800 ?). Phalaena Geometra albaria, Esper, Schmett. in Abbild. Vol. 5, p. 267, t. 47, f. 3, 4 (1805?) (ab. ?). Thalera bupleuraria, Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmelt, p. 285 (18267). Hemithea buplevraria, Duponchel, Hist. Nat. Lép. Vol. 7 (2), p. 236, t. 15r, f. 5 (1829). TAalera thymiaria, Lederer, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ver. Wien, Vol.3. p. 172 (1853). Nemoria thymiaria, de Roo van Westmaas, Sepp's Nederl. Ins. (2), Vol, 3, p- 23 (1871?). Thalera fimbrialis, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 2), p. 145 (1871). Thalera fimbrialis, var. moscovita, Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 64, p. 508 (1895) (ab.). Thalera fimbrialis, ab, (var.?) magnata, Fuchs, Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Nat, Vol. 56, p. 53 (1903) (var. ?). b. Thalera fimbrialis chlorosaria. E. Siberia, Corea. Thalera fimbrialis, Graeser, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 32, p. 387 (1888). Thalera chlorosaria, Graeser, ibidem, Vol. 35. p. 81 (1890). ] Thalera fimbrialis, var. (?) chlorosaria, Staudinger, Iris, Vol. 10, p. 11 (1897). 2. T. lacerataria, Graeser. S. E. Siberia and Japan to Thalera lacerataria, Graeser, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 32, p. 387 (1888). China. Chlorodontopera robustaria, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol, 20, p. 230 (1897) (nec Guenée). Chlorodontopera suavis, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 670 (1902) (nov. syn.). 3. T. aeruginata (Warren) (prec. var. vel syn. ?). N. India. Chlorodontopera aeruginata, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 352 (1893). NorE. — Thalera distracta, Walker (Vol. 22, p. 593) is a Neosterrha, T. atroviridaria, Mabille (C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 23, p. 22) a Traminda, both Acidaliinae. I71. GENUS DOLOSIS, Nov. GEN., PROUT Dolosis, nov. gen. Prout, Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes minute. Tongue vestigial. Antenna rather short, in both sexes with moderate pectinations to near apex, apex ciliated. Pectus hairy. Hindtibia FAM. GEOMETRID/E 21/7 in cf rather short, slender, with four approximated spurs (medians at four-fifths). Abdomen not crested. Forewing with costa arched, apex moderate; termen crenulate, bent in middle, becoming very oblique, cell one-half, DC? rather deeply incurved, SC! from cell, or almost connate with DC*?, anastomosing at a point with C, SC? normal, R! well separate (in the type abnormally remote), R? from very near R', M! widely separate; hindwing with termen excised between R! and R?, tornus moderate C closely approximated to cell to about one-half, SC? stalked, R? from very near R!, M! widely separate. Early stages unknown. 'The single known species has superficially quite the aspect of a TZalera, especially of lacerataria, though without the excision in termen of forewing. Structurally, however, it differs in the presence of median spurs, the non-anastomosis of C of hindwing, the longer pectinations of the OQ antenna, etc. The description given by Guenée of his araria (type of Heterocrila, Warren) agrees in most respects with the present species, but that has a different abdominal pattern. In the absence of structural clues, we prefer to regard axaria as a near relative of &oranata. Type of the genus : Dolosis illacerata, Prout. Geographical distribution of species. — 5. Africa. 1. D. illacerata, nov. sp. 1), Prout. Natal. 172. GENUS NOTHOTERPNA, WARREN Nothoterpna. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 111 (1999). Characters. — Face thickly but smoothly scaled. Palpus in cf minute, tapering, rather rough-scaled beneath (Q unknown). Tongue present. Antenna in C short, bipectinate to apex with moderate, rather stout branches. Pectus hairy. Hindtibia not dilated, all spurs present. Abdomen not crested. Forewing with margins little convex and apex pronounced (type), or with apex and termen more rounded (Pallida), cell about one-half, DC incurved, rather strongly oblique posteriorly, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C, SC? normal, anastomosing with SC!, R! well separate, R? from very near R! (especially in type), M! well separate; hindwing with apex slightly produced (roundly), termen being little convex, cell rather less than one-half, DC? incurved, oblique posteriorly, C approx- imated to cell to fully one-half. rather gradually diverging, SC? stalked, R? from very near R!, M! well separate. Early stages unknown. Differs from .Dolosis chiefly in shape. From 4vcollesis in the separation of SC! of forewing and (quite considerably) of R!. From Hemistola in several minor points, many of them known to be in some cases variable characters, but cumulatively of considerable force; palpus more minute, antenna rather short, bipectinate to apex, R? more extreme (especially in hindwing), M! further from R?, termen of forewing less oblique anteriorly, hindwing not elbowed or tailed at R?, C approximated to full one-half of cell, gradually diverging, scaling rougher, coloration less bright. 1) Dolosis illacerata, nov. sp. — 9,32 mm. l'ace deep fuscous crimson. Palpus fuscous. Vertex and antennal shaft whitish. Occiput green. Thorax and base of abdomen dorsally green; thorax beneath and rest of abdomen whitish green, the latter speckled with black above, and with two dorsal black spots (on second and third segments). Wings bright blue-green, costal and distal edges of forewing and distal edge of hindwing reddish brown; markings reddish brown, overlaid with black; a large cell-spot on each wing, as largeasin the heaviest- marked Z/Aa/exa lacerataria ; antemedian line of forewing represented by dots on the veins and a larger one on inner margin; postmedian in same position as in /acera/aria, but not outbent in middle, and consisting only of a series of vein-dots and large spot on inner margin, each accompanied distally by a small white dot. Underside rather paler, the markings (except antemedian) reproduced; no white dots. Durban, Natal, August, 1902 (G. F. Leigh). Type in coll. Brit. Mus. A 9, also from Natal, isin coll. E. Meyrick, and weare indebted to Mr. Meyrick for furnishing characters which have enabled us to complete the generic diagnosis. The type Q has lost the hindlegs, but will certainly have four spurs, 218 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Type of the genus : Not/toterpna crassisquama, Warren (1909). Geographical distribution of species. — W. African. I. N. crassisquama, Warren. Angola. Nothoterpna crassisquama, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 111 (1909). 2. N. fallida (Warren). Angola. Agraftochlora pallida, Warren, Novit Zool. Vol. 11, p. 463 (1904). 173. GeNUs CHLOROSTERRHA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Chlorosterrha (Warren, MS.). nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus minute, second joint not rough-scaled. Tongue slender. Antenna in c bipectinate with moderate branches (in monochroma and. probably in the type becoming rudimentary at apex). Hindtibia in C slender, with four well-developed spurs. Abdomen not crested. Forewing with costa straight, except at extreme base and towards apex, apex somewhat rounded, termen smooth, very oblique, wing therefore narrow, scaling typically smooth, cell one-half, DC? rather strongly incurved, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C and (in type) with SC?, SC? normal, R! well separate, R? somewhat above middle, M! well separate; hindwing narrow, costa long. apex rounded, termen smooth, little conves, cell one-half, DC? inbent anteriorly, slightly oblique posteriorly, C approximated to cell for some distance, gradually diverging, SC? short-stalked, R? from slightly above middle of DC, M! separate. Early stages unknown. The 9 is unknown, unless semialba really belongs to this genus, which is extremely doubtful. Itis larger, less narrow (though hindwing much narrower than in Nofhoterbna), somewhat rougher- scaled, venation somewhat variable, SC? of forewing stalked to as far as, or beyond SC, R! sometimes stalked, R? of hindwing from near R!, Q antenna very shortly bipectinate. It is certainly not an Acollesis, by our characterization. Typical CAlorosterrha is entirely distinct from NotAoterbna in shape and facies, though with many characters in common. Type of the genus : C/ilorosterrka dichroma (Felder) Sterrha (?) dichroma, Felder albantensis, Prout t). Geographical distribution of species. — 5. Africa, ? W. Africa. 1. C. dichroma (Felder). Cape. Sterrha (?! dichroma, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127, f. 20 (1875). Omphacodes dichroma (part.), Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 552 (1904). 2. G. monochroma, nov. sp. 2). Prout. Orange River Colony. 3. C. semialba (Swinhoe) (huj. gen.?). — Pl. 5, Fig. 9. W. Africa, ? Mashonaland Acollesis semialba, Swinhoe, Ann. May. Nat. Hist. (7), Vol. 17, p. 555(1906). (var.?). 1) We have drawn up the diagnosis from a specimen from Grahamstown(presented by the Albany Museum) in coll. Brit. Mus, As we have not been able to compare it, side by side, with Felder's type, we state — for the avoidance of possible synonymic complications — that this specimen is the actual type-specimen of the genus, and that in the (improbable) event of its not proving conspecific with ZicAroma it shall be known as follows : Chlorosterrha albaniensis, »ov. s. — Shape and marking as in ZicAtxoma, Felder, costa of forewing narrowly ochreous, oblique line slightly tinged with ochreous, no cell-mark ; structure as given under our generic characters. 2) Chlorosterrha monochroma, nov. sp. — GO, 26 mm. Face and palpus reddish. Head green, narrowly pale ochreous between the antennz. Antennal shaft pale ochreous, pectinations rather long. Thorax and base of abdomen green above, otherwise whitish. Legs ochreous, foreleg reddish above. Wings shaped nearly as in the type species, apex of forewing sligbtly more rounded off; forewing bright bluish green, somewhat as in Hemistola chrysoprasaria, but a little fuller, costal edge narrowly pale ochreous, unspotted; no markings; fringe green proximally, narrowly white distally. Hindwing slightly paler, especially costally, but nowhere white; fringe as in forewing. Underside the same, or very little paler. Bloemfontein, S. Aírica (H. F. Wilson). Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Distinguishable superficially from the numerous (and often confusing) unicolorous green S. African Hemitheinae by its narrow wings; in AZadinorm$Aax, which is nearly as extreme in shape, the hindwing is white. Structurally the species agrees sufficiently with CA/orosferrAa though the palpus is somewhat stronger, and in the forewiag R' is shortly stalked instead of well separate, and M! rather more approximated to R? than in the type. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 219 174. GeNUSs ACOLLESIS, WARREN Acollesis. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. r1 (1895). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus short, second joint shortly rough-scaled, third joint in both sexes quite small. longue slender. Antenna in both sexes bipectinate to apex, with rather long branches. Pectus somewhat hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in cf slender, without hair-pencil, in both sexes with four well-developed spurs. Abdomen not crested. Forewing rather broad, with costa little arched, apex rather sharp. termen straight anteriorly, curved posteriorly, cell less than one-half, DC incurved, strongly oblique posteriorly, SC!? stalked with R!, R! separating first, SC! anastomosing with C, SC? normal, not anastomosing with SC!, R? from near Rl, M!separate; hindwing with costa moder- ately long, apex rounded, termen rounded, tornus squared, cell rather short, DC incurved, very strongly oblique posteriorly, C approximated to cell to beyond one-half, SC? stalked, R? from near RI, M! separate (PI. 4, Fig. 18). Early stages unknown. Type of the genus : Acollesis fraudulenta, Warren (1895). Geographical distribution of species. — Cape to Unyoro. I. A. fraudulenta, Warren. Cape to Transvaal. Acollesis fraudulenta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 11 (1895). 2. A. umbrata, Warren. Unyoro. Acollesis umbrata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6. p. 290 (1899). 3. A. terminata, nov. sp. 1), Prout. Zululand. 175. GENUS COLLESIS, WARREN Collesis. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 37 (1897). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes very small, slender, third joint minute. Tongue short and slender. Antenna bipectinate in both sexes. Pectus somewhat hairy. Hindibia in Qg not dilated, in both sexes with all spurs developed. Abdomen not crested. Forewing with costa arched, apex acute, termen straight anteriorly, curved posteriorly, not very oblique, cell less than one-half, DC incurved, very strongly oblique posteriorly, SC! from cell or stalked, anastomosing with C, SC? stalked to beyond SC», R! typically short-stalked with subcostals, R? from much above middle of cell, M! separate; hindwing with apex rounded, termen more or less rounded, tornus pronounced, cell rather short, DD? incurved, becoming very strongly oblique posteriorly, C anastomosing with cell to fully one-half, SC? stalked, R? from close to R?, M! connate, approximated or very short-stalked. Early stages unknown. The two species included here differ considerably in shape and facies, but can provisionally be kept together, to avoid multiplying genera, their characteristics being the short palpus, fully-spurred tibia and strong anastomosis of C of the hindwing. 1) Acollesis terminata, nov. sp. — 9, Jo mm. Face red, tinged with orange. Palpus on outer side the same, otherwise witish. Vertex and an'ennal shaft white; occiput pale green. Thorax, abdomen and legs whitish, thorax more green above; forecoxa above and forefemur and tibia on the inner side bright orange. Forewing very broad, as in e»sibrafa, Warren, which it closely resembles. Pale yellowish green, with an olivaceous tinge; lines white, rather broad, not very sharply defined, antemedian of forewing from inner margin at one-third, indistinct, not reaching costa, postmedian of both wings placed as in zeiórafa, slightly dark-shaded proximally; fringes dark olive proximally, white distally ; no cell-spots. Under surface still paler, fringes asabove. Sibudeni, Zululand, 13th Jan., 1904 (C. H. B. Grant). Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Extremely like the C of Co//esis zniztica, except in structure. Distinguished from Aco/Zeszs «mbrata chiefly the absence of discal spots. In the venation, SC! of forewing anastomoses very strongly with C. Antennal pectinations about twice width of shaft. 220 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Type of the genus : Colizsis mimica, Warren (1897;. Geographical distribution of species. — Ethiopian. SECTION I. — Forewing with SC! and R! stalked, antennal pectinations long (Collesis, Warren). I. C. mimica, Warren. — Pl. 5, Fig. 1O. Rhodesia to Shire River. Collzsis mimica, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4. p. 37 (1897). SEcrTION II. — Forewing with SC! and R! not stalked, antennal pectinations short (gen. div. ?). 2. C. fieximargo (Warren). Angola. Syndromodes fieximargo, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 112 (1909). 176. GENUS OMPHACODES, WARREN Omphacodes. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 396 (1894) (sec. cit. typ.). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus slender, third joint in both sexes smooth, exposed, moderate, in Q often long Tongue short and slender (in elegans apparently wanting). Antenna not long, in gf bipectinate to about two-thirds with long or rather long branches, in Q lamellate with long teeth (type species) or subdentate (in a few species bipectinate), minutely ciliated. Hindtibia in gf dilated, with hair-pencil, in both sexes with all spurs well developed. the medians usually the longer. Abdomen not crested. Forewing with costa slightly arched or nearly straight, apex moderately sharp, termen smooth, oblique, gently curved or nearly straight. cell about one-half, DC incurved, becoming oblique, SC! from cell, or connate, sometimes even stalked, nearly always anastomosing with or running into C, SC? normal, R! stalked or connate, M! separate (well separate in type); hindwing with termen usually rounded, tornus moderately pronounced, basal expansion of costa strong, cell not quite one-half, DC? oblique posteriorly, C anastomosing strongly, usually to near end of cell, then rapidly diverging, SC* stalked, M! rather well separated (direcía), or approximated, connate or stalked (the African species) (PEL Eig- M Early stages unknown. Distinguished from Collesis by the longer palpus and the subcostal venation. The species are usually of smaller size. the wings less broad, etc. Some of them are superficially of precisely the colour and facies of the types of Prasimocyma and Syndromodes, in Group V. On the application of the name Om$hacodes, see under Rhiadinomphax. Type of the genus : Omfhacodes direcía (Walker) — Nemoria directa, Walker (1894). Geographical distribution of species, — Indis, E. and 5. Africa. I. O. directa (Walker). N. India. N'emoria (?) directa, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 535 ' 1861). Nemoria gracilis, Butler, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 7, p. 21, 104, t. 136, f. 4 (1889) (nov. syn.) 1). Euchloris gracilis, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 498 (1895). 1) Walker's type is in wretched condition, and has been wrongly determined by Hampson and Swinhoe, see Microloxía indzcrefata ; but the Structural characters make the identi&cation 2s heze given an absolute certainty. FAM. GEOMETRID;E 221 2. O. cotrulea (Warren). Lake Nyassa. Microloxia (2) coerulea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 36$ (1866). Syndromodes coerulea, Waxren. ibidem, Vol. 6. p. 27 (1809). 3. Q. funcüiliueata (Warren). S. Africa. Syndromodes punctilineata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4. p. 45 (1897) 1j. 4. O. vivida (Warren). Natal to Cape. Syndromodes vivida, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 27 (1899). 5. O. divergens (Warren). Unvyoro. Microloxia divergens. Wazren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 291 (1509). 6. O. puichrifimbria (Warren). Briüsh E. Africa. Syndromodes pulchrifimbria, Warren, Novit. Zool, Vol. o, p. 496 (1902). 7. O. delicaía (Warren). Natal. Syndromodes delicata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12. p. 34 (1905). 8. O. £rilineata (Hampson). Rhodesia, Mashonaland. Acollesis trilineata, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 476. t. 39, p. 32 (1010). 9. O. curvilinea. nov. sp. 2, F rout. Transvaal. 10. O. elegans, nov. sp. 3, Frout. Briüsh E. Aírica. Omjkacodes dickroma (paxt.), Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 552 (1904) (nec Felder). 177. GENUS MEROCHLORA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Merochlora, nov. gen. Frout. Annemoria (part.). Hulst, Trans. Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p. 312 (1896) (vix Packard). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus strong, second joint rather long.strongly rough-scaled beneath and somewhat above, third joint in f small, concealed. Tongue present. Anienna in Q bipec- tinate to near apex with long branches, last few segments merely subserrate, ciliated. Pectus moderately hairy. Hindtibia in gf slender, with four closely approximated spurs. Abdomen not crested. Forewing rather broad, costa slightly arched at base, arched distally, straight between, apex moderate, termen rather straight, becoming somewhat curved towards tornus, moderately oblique, cell nearly one-half, DC rather strongly inbent. SC! from cell, anastomosing at a point with, or running into C 4), SC? normal, anastomosing at a point with SC! (or with C -- SC!), R! connate or shortstalked, M! separate; hindwing with costa moderately long, apex rounded, termen, except towards apex, hitle curved, tornus rather pronounced, cell almost one-halí, DC inbent anteriorly, C anastomosing with cell to considerably bevond one-halí, SC? rather long-stalked, M! separate. 1) Lasiochilora $auxciilimeaía om type label. 2) Omphacodes cvrvilinea, nov. sp, — 2,-omm. Fsceorange, paler below. Palpus orange vel'ow (apparentiy broken). Antennal shaft whitish, with moderate, rather strong, vellow pectinations. Vertex white, tinged with yellow; occiputgreen. lhoraxgreez above, white bencath; abdomen whitish (legs lost). Forewing with costa straight, except at base, apex acute, termen curveó, strongly oblique ; bright greez, cosiil eóge yellow; a fine white line from costa close to aper, rather oblique to midd:e, there curved and becoming more strongly oblique, reaching inner margin before two- thirds. Hindwing rather narrow, costa being long, apex rather prominent, but rounded, termen scarcely oblique, tornus less prorounced thaz in congezers; white, tinged with greenish at termen, and especially at torous and tornal half of inner margin. Underside of forewing pale green; of hindwing white. Warmbath, Transvaal, soth Nov., roo3 (C. ]. Swierstra). Type im coll. Brit. Mus. A narrower-winged insect than most of ihe genus, shaped zmore nearly as Rkadinomghax or Chloresferr ka, but differing in structure. In the absence of perfect material and ofthe Q, itis, however, impossible to state certainly thatit is correctly placed here. SC! of forewing is from cell, running into C, Ri separate ; DC? of hindwing islittie obigue, R* uve aboxe middle of DC. The marking of the forewing reminds of diverzexs, but that has the bindwing concolorous. 3) Omphacodes elegans, nov. sp. — C, 20::m. Face and palpus red, slightly paler below. Foreleg orange-red (other legs lost). Vertex and antennal shaft whitish, pectinatons moderate, reddish yellow. Thorax green above. Abdomen white, dorsally pale green on fztíew segments. Fore- wing bright clear green, slightly tinged with bluish; costa narrowly whitish yellow, the exireme edge rather carker; az mirute white celi-spot ; an obbque white line irom below apex to inner marginat nesrlv two-Éíths, narrowly bordered by a bright orange lise distallv; fringe concolorozs. Hizdwing white, shaded with green in tornal region and along inner margin; proximal halí oí fringe green from tornus, gradually shading of to white towards apex, half of fringe entirely white. Underside similar, the forewing paler (brightest towards costa), with markings feebler. Kangonde, Kitwi, British E. Africa 31 Dec., 1898 (R. C. Crawshay). Tvpe in coll. Brit. Mus. Super&cially extremely like C&Zorosferr ka Zickroma, bat di&ering in stracture. Palpzs longer than diameter of eye ; forewing with SC! anastomosing strongly with C, well away from SC*, R! separate, hindwing with M* very shortiv stailked. 4) It should be pointed out that in thiscase, and probably others where SC!is said to run into C,it is really ri:her the costal end of C tbst is obsolete :ban the continuation of SC!, after tbe point of contact. 222 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Early stages unknown. On Packard's Amuemoriía, see our note under C/teteoscelis. As the type specimen has four spurs it may agree with the present genus, but the forewing venation is different, and altogether the probabilities are so strongly against the union that we have no alternative but to erect a new genus. Type of the genus : Merochlora faseolaria (Guenée) — Nemoria (?) faseolaria, Guenée. Geographical distribution of species. — Western U. S. A. rt. M. faseolaria (Guenée). California. Nemoria (?) faseolaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép Vol. o, p. 351 (1858). Nemoria (?) fasceolaria, Packard, Mem. Geom U. S. A. p. 375 (1876). Chlovosea perviridaria, Packard, ibidem, p. 379, t. 10, f. 82 (1876). Chlorosea fasciolaria, Hulst, Ent. Amer. Vol. 2, p. 141 (1886). Annemoria faseolaria, Hulst, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p. 312 (1896). 2. M. eutraphes, nov. sp. 1), Prout. » Utah. 178. GENUS ANOMPHAX, WARREN Anomphax. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 74 (1999). Characters. — lace smooth. Palpus in both sexes very short, slender, third joint small, pointed. Tongue rudimentary. Antenna rather short, in both sexes bipectinate almost to apex, the branches long in cf, moderate in Q. Pectus somewhat hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in cf not dilated, in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested. Forewing with costa arched, apex moderately sharp, termen nearly straight, oblique, especially in cf, cell fully one-half, DC? strongly inbent, SC! shortly anastomosing or connected by short bar with C, SC? normal, anastomosing shortly with SC!, R! connate or short. stalked, R? from much above middle of DC, M! separate; hindwing with costa rather long, apex rounded, termen little convex, tornus rather pronounced, cell one-half, DC? in- curved, C closely approximated to cell to one-half or slightly more, not rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R? from much above middle of DC, M! separate. LaRA. — Slender, firm, twig-like, head (and doubtless prothorax) with anterior bifid pointed projection. (Izquierdo, An. Univ. Chile, Vol. 53, p. 815, t. 3, f. 12.) Pupa. — Green at first, becoming whitish; changes among leaves without making cocoon. (Izquierdo, loc. cit.) Likely related to the previous genus; more specialized in most characters, but without the anastomosis of C of the hindwing. Type of the genus : Anomphax gnoma (Butler) — Omphax gnoma, Butler (1909). Geographical distribution of species. — Chili, W. Argentina. I. A. gnoma (Butler). Chili, W. Argentina. Omphax gnoma, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 367 (1882). Anomphax gnoma, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 75 (1909). 1) Merochlora eutraphes, nov. sp. — Q, 32 mm. Very like /aseo/aria, agreeing in structure (termen of forewing perhaps slightly, but scarcely appreciably more oblique), but differing as follows : size considerably larger, palpus green, whitish beneath, only tipped with reddish; vertex without red line behind the white fillet; costal edge of forewing narrowly white (green at base), not red. The type specimen, in very good condition, is unfortunately somewhat faded in relaxing, but Mr. J. A. Grossbeck (to whose generosity we owe the specimen, and who possesses cotypes) informs us that the correct colour of the forewing isa clear, pale pea-green. Stockton, Utah, 2 August, 1907 (T. Spalding). Type in coll. L. B. Prout. SCt of forewing anastomoses at a point with C. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 223 179. GeNUs EULOXIA, WARREN Euloxia. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 390o (1894). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus short, second joint rather strongly rough-scaled beneath, third joint minute. Tongue present. Antenna moderate, in C' bipectinate with long branches, apex nearly simple, ciliated; in Q nearly simple. Pectus somewhat hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in c slender, in both sexes with four well-developed spurs. Abdomen slender, not crested. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex rather acute, termen nearly straight, oblique, cell nearly one-half, DC incurved, SC! from cell, anastomosing at a point or briefly with C, SC? normal, anastomosing or connected with SC! (according to Turner occasionally free), R! short-stalked or approximated, M! separate; hindwing with costa rather long, apex rounded, termen little convex, tornus rather pronounced, cell nearly one-half, DC? usually rather oblique, DC? incurved anteriorly, C closely approximated to cell for some distance near base, rather gradually diverging, SC? stalked, R? very characteristic, M! connate, approximated or sometimes short-stalked. Early stages undescribed. An exclusively Australian genus, perhaps most nearly approached by Section III of Zemistola, which, however, has not the long scaling of the palpus beneath. The tendency to whitening of the hindwing and at the same time elongation of its costa, which is noticeable in several of the African forms and the single Chilian genus of the subfamily, is here distinctly indicated, and it is just possible that these forms have all a common origin in the great Antarctic Continent which recent theory assumes. The question has not been fully investigated, but it is worthy of note that these forms have quite usually a short palpus, and some venational characters in common (tendency to double anast- omosis of SC! of forewing, separation of M! of both wings, etc.). Type of the genus : Euloxia fugitivaria (Guenée) — odis fugitivaria, Guenée (1894). Geographical distribution of species. — Australian. r1. E. fugitivaria (Guenée). S. E. to E. Australia. Iodis fugitivaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 354 (1858). Iodis intacta, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 545 (1861). Iodis obliqjuissima, Walker, ibidem, p. 546 (1861). Euloxia fugitivaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 390 (1894). 2. E. meandraria (Guenée). — Pl. 5, Fig. 9. S. E. Australia, with Tas- Iodis meandraria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 355 (1858). mania. Euloxia meandraria, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 393 (1900). 3. E. hypsithrona (Meyrick). New South Wales. Iodis hypsihrona, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 874 (1888). Euloxta hypsithrona, "Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 581 (1910). 4. E. leucochorda (Meyrick). Tasmania. Iodis leucochorda, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 875 (1888). Euloxia leucochorda, ''urner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 580 (1910). 5. E. beryllina (Meyrick). W. Australia. Iodis beryllina, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales(2), Vol. 2, p. 877 (1888). Euloxia beryllina, 'Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 581 (1010). 6. E. ochthaula (Meyrick). W. Australia. Iodis ochthaula, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 877 (1888). Euloxia ochthaula, 'T urner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 581 (1910). 224 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 7. E. fyropa (Meyrick). S. E. and W. Australia. Iodis pyropa, Meyrick, Proc. Linn, Soc. N. S. Wales (2). Vol. 2, p. 878 (1888). Euloxia pyropa, Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 581 (1910). 8. E. argocnemis (Meyrick). W. Australia. Iodis avgocnemis, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wale: (2), Vol. 2, p. 883 (1888). Chlovocoma argocnemis, Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 586 (1910). 9. E. isadelpha, Turner. W. Australia. Euloxia isadelpha, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 580 (1910). 180. GeNUs MIXOCHROA, WARREN Mixochroa. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 13 (1898). Characters. — Face smooth. Eye rather smaller than normal. Palpus rather short, second joint moderately rough-scaled beneath, third joint minute. Tongue present. Antenna over one-half, in c bipectinate almost to apex, the branches long, shortening rather abruptly towards apex. Pectus some- what hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in C not dilated, with four nearly equal spurs. Abdomen not crested. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex moderately acute, termen oblique, nearly straight, cell nearly one-half, DC inbent, SC! from cell, anastomosing at a point or shortly with C, SC? normal, anastomosing with SC!, then closely approaching or anastomosing with SC*4, R! connate or shortstalked, R? from much above middle of DC, M! separate; hindwing with costa rather long, apex rounded, termen faintly waved, not strongly convex, from R! to R? straight or very feebly subconcave, cell near one-half, DC? inangled, C closely approximated to cell to fully one-half, SC? stalked, R? very character- istic, M! separate. Early stages unknown. Related to Euloxia, into which Turner merges it. Differing in C of the hindwing, as well as in coloration and perhaps thicker scaling. The extremely rare anastomosis of SC? with SC? is noteworthy, though even here not constant. Type of the genus : Mixochroa gratiosata (Guenée) — Nemoria gratiosata, Guenée (1898). Geographical distribution of species. — Australian. 1. M. gvratiosata (Guenée). . S. E. Australia with Tas- Nemoria gratiosata, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 351, t. 17, f. 1 (1858). mania. Iodis gratiosata, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 876 (1888). Mixochroa gratiosata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 13 (1898). Euloxia gratiosata, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 579 (1 I910)J. I8I. GENUS LEUCESTHES, WARREN Leucesthes. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. o, p. 348 (1902). Acibdela. Turner, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 3o, p. 130 (190€). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus short, slender, rather smooth. Tongue present. Antenna in gf bipectinate almost to apex, with long branches, in 9 nearly simple. Pectus slightly hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in cf not dilated, in both sexes with four approximated spurs. Abdomen not crested. FAM. GEOMETRID/ZE 225 Wings with smooth, glossy scaling. Forewing narrow, costa straight, apex moderate, termen smooth, curved, very oblique, cell fully one-half, DC? curved, becoming oblique. SC! from cell, anastomosing or connected with C, SC? normal, anastomosing with SC! and then with SC?4, R! stalked, R? from above middle of DC, M! separate; hindwing narrow, costa long, apex and termen rounded. tornus not pronounced, cell one-half, DC incurved, rather oblique, C closely approximated to cell to one-half, SC? stalked, R? characteristic, M! separate. Early stages unknown. No doubt related to the two preceding genera, yet not very closely. The shape and texture and the smoother palpus distinguish it from Mixochroa, otherwise the characters are nearly the same. Type of the genus : Leucesthes alba (Swinhoe) — Nearcha alba, Swinhoe — Leucesthes margarita, Warren (1902). Geographical distribution of species. — W. Australia 1. L. alba (Swinhoe). W. Australia. Nearcha alba, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), Vol. o, p. 79 (1902). Leucesthes margarita, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. o. p. 348 (1902). Acibdela alba, 'Turner, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 3o, p. 131 (1906). Leucesthes alba, Prout, in Wytsman, Gen. Ins. Fasc. 104, p. 2 (1910). 182. GENUS HEMISTOL.A, WARREN Hemistola. Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 353 (1893). Jodis. Stephens, List Brit. Anim. Vol. 5, p. 169 (1850) (nec Hübner, Guenée restr.) 1). Pareuchloris. Warren. Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 386 (1894). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes usually short to quite moderate (only elongate in one or two doubtfully-placed species), second joint with moderately appressed scales, third joint in both sexes usually small (long in ///iana Q j. Tongue present. Antenna in cf, and usually in Q , bipectinate, with apex nearly simple 2). Pectus and femora hairy. Hindtibia in c usually not dilated (dilated, with hair-pencil, in rubrimargo and one or two others), in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Forewing with costa arched, apex moderate to rather acute, termen moderately oblique, entire, rather straight anteriorly, more curved posteriorly. sometimes appreciably gibbous in the middle, cell less than one-half, DC deeply incurved, SC! from cell, free or anastomosing with C, SC? normal, R! just separate or stalked, M! separate or connate; hindwing with termen rather strongly convex, often elbowed, or even shortly tailed at R?, cell less than one-half, DC? deeply inbent anteriorly, oblique posteriorly, C approximated to cell to near middle, SC? stalked (usually shortly), M! approximated to short-stalked. cf genitalia (cArysoprasaria) : uncus parallel, with socii, gnathos pointed, harpe with clavus extended to two strong horns, penis pestillate, vesica with band of small cornuli, eighth sternite terminating in two blunt points. Ecc. — Very flat, laid in piles of twelve to fourteen, standing out at right angles from twig like a small branch (Newman, T/e Entomologist, Vol. 6, p. 168). 1) Probib!y the majority of synonymists would argue that the present genus was the true /oZis of Hübner, and Hübner's name has been employed in that sense by Turner, Proc. Linz. Soc. IN. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 579. The species cAxysoprasarra, under tbe name of verzax:a, is placed first in Hübner's VerseicAiss, which would weigh with many; while Stephens' restriction (though uncharacterized) has three years' priority over Lederer's (characterized) restriction, and eight over Guenée's work. We fihd, however, that a literal application of the International Rules of Nomen- clature saves the current usage. Guenée was the first to « select a type » for 7oZ£s, and he selected Zacfearta (Sec. Gén. Lé$. Vol. 9, p. 353, 355). 2) There is much variability in detail between the different species. We are unacquainted with the O of the type species, but Warren (Jovi. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 393) says it is bipectinate, as indeed would have been expected. 226 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Lanva. — Rigid, twig-like, beautifully assimilating during hibernation and subsequently to the winter and spring coloration of its food-plant (Clematis); head produced to two sharp points, prothorax produced to two horns projecting over the head; body transversely wrinkled, shagreened (or frosted, each point of the shagreen being tipped with white), with strong lateral flange; anal flap produced to a point (Newman, loc. cit. ; Wackerzapp, Sfett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 50, p. 282). PuPa. — Not fully described. Green, the thorax smooth, but punctured. Suspended in loose cocoon among leaves (Newman, loc. cit.). A not very sharply defined genus, which could, with almost equal propriety, be either enlarged or restricted. While on the one hand its constituents are not all very closely related, on the other hand it almost intergrades with Euloxia, and in Africa perhaps with Acollesis or Nothoterfna. Type of the genus : Hemistola rubrimargo, Warren (1893). Geographical distribution of species. — Palcearctic and ;Ethiopian Regions, India to Formosa. SEcTION I. — Palpus moderate (occasionally even elongate in Q); hindwing angled ; antenna in 9 bipectinate (/7emistola, Warren). I. H.vubrimargo, Warren. N. India, Formosa, ? West Hemistola vubrimargo, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 384, t. 31, f. 3 (1893). China. 2. H. dijuncta (Walker). E. China, Japan. Geometra dijuncta, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 523 (1861). Geometra (?) inoptaria, Walker, ibidem, Vol. 26, p. 1555 (1862). jodis claripennis, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 1, p. 399 (1878); Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 3, p. 36, t. 49, f. 10 (1879). 3. H. veneta (Butler). Japan. Thalera veneta, Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), Vol. 4, p. 437 (1879). Uliocnemis venata, Leech, ibidem (6), Vol. 20, p. 232 (1897). 4. H. liliana (Swinhoe) (huj, gen. ?). Khásis. TT halassodes liliana, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 7, t. 1, f. 2 (1892). Euchloris liliana, Swinhoe, ibidem, p. 175 (1894). TAhalera liliana, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moth. Vol. 3, p. 516 (1895). Henmistola liliana, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 211 (1897). 5. H. vectilinea, Warren. Khásis. Hemistola vectilinea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p.309 (1896). Thalera rectilinea, Hampson, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 12, p. 93 (1898). 6. H. insolitaria (Leech). Japan. Euchloris insolitaria 9, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 236 (1897) 1). 7. H. paxallelaria (Leech) (huj. gen.?). W. China. Thalassodes parallelaría, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 241 (1837). 8. H. inconcinnaria (Leech) (trans. ad Sect. II). W. China. Thalassodes inconcinnaria, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 242 (1897). 9. H. flavitincta (Warren) (huj. gen. ?). Khásis. Hemistola (?) flavitincta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 211 (1807). 10. H. tenuilinea (Alphéraky) (huj. gen.?). Corea. Thalera tenuilinea, Alphéraky, Roman. Mém. Lép. Vol. o, p. 182, t. 10, f. 7 (1897). rr. H. simplex, Warren. Formosa. Hemistola simplex, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 24 (1899). 1) Leech's Chang-Yang Q cannot belong to this species; it is evidently a Z7e»ifZca, related to s2775nearia. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE l2 b -I SECTION II. — Palpus short; hindwing not or lhttle angled; antenna in Q9 bipectinate (Pareuchloris, Warren). 12. H. chrysoprasaria (Esper). a. Hemistola chrysoprasaria chrysoprasaria. Europe, Asia Minor, ? E. Siberia. Phalaena Geometra vernaria [Schiffermüller|, Schmett. Wien. p. 97 (1775) (nec Linné). ?? Phaloena pomona [Geoffroy], Fourcroy's Ent. Paris. p. 264 (1785) r1). ? Phaloena nayas | Geoffroy], ibidem, p. 276 (1785) (nom. dubium). Phalaena Geometra chrysoprasaria, Esper, Schmett. in Abbild. Vol. 5, p. 37, t-05, £7 17 (1/794)- Phalaena Geometra aeruginaria, Borkhausen, Eur. Schmett. Vol. 5, p. 43 (1794) (nec Schiffermüller). Phalaena lucidata, Donovan, Brit. Ins. Vol 3, p. 67, t. 97 (1795) (nec Fabri- Cius, 1781). Geometra vernaria, Hübner, Samml. Eur. Schmett. Geom. t. 2, f. 7 (1796?) ; p. 16 (1800?). Geometra volutaríia, Haworth, Lep. Brit. (2), p. 298 (1809) (nec volutata, Fabricius). Iodis vernaría, Hübner. Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 286 (1826?). Hemithea vernaria, Duponchel, Hist. Nat. Lép. Vol. 7 (2), p. 245, t. 152, f. 1 (1829). Hipparchus vernarius, Stephens, Cat. Brit. Ins. (2), p. 122 (1829). Euchloris vernaria, Meyrick. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 95 (1892. Chlorochroma vernaria, Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturt. Halle, Vol. 64, p. 494 (1895). Pareuchloris vernaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 386 (1894). Iodis chrysoprasaria, Prout, Trans. City Lond. Ent. Soc. Vol. 10, p.64 (1901). b. Hemistola chrysoprasaria lissas, nov. subsp. 2), Prout, Central Asia. 13. H. detracta (Walker). N. and N. W. India. Geometra detracta, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 521 (1861). fodis detracta, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 390 (1886). Thalassodes unduligera, Butler. Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 7, p. 105, t. 136, f. 6 (1889). Euchloris detracta, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 498 (1895). Microloxia vestigiata, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), Vol. 16, p. 629 (1905). Hemistola annuligera, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 125 (1909) (nov. syn.). I4. H. zummermanni (Hedemann y). E. Siberia. Geometra zimmermanni, Hedemann, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 14. p. 509, t. 3, f. 6 (1879). Euchloris zimmermanni, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 95 (1892). Nemoria zimmermanni, Gamppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturt. Halle, Vol. 64. p. 490 (1895). 15. H. haploa, nov. nom., Prout (huj. gen.?) 3). British E. Africa. Pareuchloris (?) simplex, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 496 (1902) (nec Hemistola simplex, Warren, 1899). 16. H. semialbida, nov. sp. 4), Prout. — Pl. 5, Fig. Il. Griqualand. 1) So determined by Werneburg, Bei. ScAmett. Vol. x, p. 304, but the description is in opposition thereto. 2) Hemistola chrysoprasaria lissas, nov. subsp. — Termen of hindwing without the elbow at R?; average size smaller, lines of forewing inclined towards approximation (but this last occurs as an aberration in the type form, and is probably also variable in the race Z/ssas). 3) This may possibly prove to be a brightly coloured JVo/Zo£er?za; we have not been able to give it much study. The palpus is minute in both sexes, C of hindwing anastomoses at a point, then gradually diverging. 4) Hemistola semialbida, nov. sp. — 92, 4o mm. Face, palpus and inner side of legs red. Head bright green, narrowly ochreous white between antennz. Antennal shaft ochreous white, pectinations long, reddish ochreous. Thorax green above, whitish beneath; legs whitish externally, forecoxa marked with green. Abdomen ochreous white. Forewing above uniform bright green, the costa narrowly pale ochreous; fringe ample, green proximally, white distally. Hindwing white, faintly tinged with green, becoming green at inner margin, especially towards tornus; fringe nearly as in fore- wing. Underside of both wings very pale green, darkening towards the margins, especially the anterior part of forewing ; costa of forewing pale ochreous. Matatiele, Griqualand East, East Cape Colony, November, r905 (E. H. Bazeley). Type in coll. Oxford Mus. Agrees with Section II as here characterized, except that the second joint of palpus is slightly rougher scaled below, and the wings (particularly the hindwing) are somewhat differently shaped, the hindwing having the costa longer and termen less convex. Suggests in shape, and in the whitening of the hindwing, a connecting link between Zertisfola and CA/orosterr ka (?) semralba, Swinhoe. 228 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 17. H. perviridis, nov. sp. 1). Prout. 'Transvaal. 18. H. simplicissima, nov. sp. 2), Prout. Transvaal. 19. H. incommoda, nov. sp. 3), Prout (hic ponenda?). Cape Colony. SEcTION III. — Antenna in 9 not bipectinate. 20 H. dispartita (Walker). N. W. India, E. Turkestan Geometra dispartita, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 520 (1861) Microloxiaefformata, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 354, t. 3r, f. 2 (1893). Euchloris efformata, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 5or (1895). Nemoria dispartita, Hampson, ibidem, p. 502 (1895). Eucrostes efformata, Hampson, ibidem, Vol. 4, p. 566 (1896). Euchloris dispartita, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 390 (1897). 21. H. cymaria (Hampson) (przc. ab. vel var. ?) N. India. Eucrostes cymaria, Hampson, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 14, p. 655 (1903). 22. H. signiferxa (Warren). Burma. Uliocnemis (2) signifera, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 357, t. 31, f. 15 (1893). Eucrostes signifera, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 4, p. 566 (1896). 183. GENUS NEUROTOCA, WARREN Neurotoca. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 43 (1897). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus short, very slender, scarcely rough-scaled. Tongue wanting. Antenna less than one-half. in Q bipectinate to near apex, with rather long branches (gf unknown). Pectus hairy. Hindtibia with terminal spurs only. Abdomen robust. Forewing broad, costa slightly arched, apex moderate, termen curved, not very oblique, cell almost one-half, DC incurved, SC! from cell, free, SC? normal, R! connate or just stalked, M! separate; hindwing broad, apex and termen rounded, tornus rather pronounced, cell broad, not quite one-half, DC slightly incurved, C approximated to cell in second quarter, rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, M' separate. 1) Hemistola perviridis, nov. sp. — OQ, 3; mm. l'ace and palpus red; palpus minute. Vertex and antennal shaft whitish ochreous, pectinations rather long. Occiput green. Thorax and abdomen bright green above, white beneath. Legs largely deep red, except hindtibia and tarsus. Wings uniform bright green, without markings (the colour formed by dense bright deep green irroration on pale green ground); costa of forewing narrowly ochreous; fringes concolorous with wing proximally, narrowly ochreous whitish distally Underside similar, but somewhat paler green. Pretoria, Transvaal, 25 February, 1905 (C. J. Swierstra). Type in coll, Brit. Mus. Probably closely related to Za//oa, agreeing in venation, etc., but with longer antennal pectinations and proximal part of fringe green [no red tinge in distal part). Shape and aspect are rather near OrrgAax, and it is of course possible that the discovery of the c will show that sex to possess a frenulum, in which case a re-arrangzement will be necessary. The same remarks apply to the next species, of which also unfortunately only the Q is known; it differs from Jervirifisinits smaller size, much shorter antennal pectinations and more regularly rounded hindwing; in the present species the costa of hindwing is rather long, apical region therefore rather prominent. 2) Hemistola simplicissima, nov. sp. — 9,33 mm, Extremely like the preceding species, also reminding much (except in the somewhat less sharp apex of forewing and tornus of hindwing] of. QmgAax Zeucocraspeda. Antennal pectinations much shorter than in fervir:dis — scarcely as long as diameter of shaft, which is rather stout ; face and legs as in fexvzr£is ; dorsum of abdomen green excepting anal extremity, which, together with venter, is white; costa o! both wings relatively shorter than in Jervir:Zis ; fringes green in proximal half, white in distal, entirely without the pinkish-grey tips of Zagloa. In both wings M! is well separate from R?; in the hindwing C is less closely appressed to cell than in 4a4/oa and Zerviridis, but continues approximated for more than a point — i. e. the venation is more typically that of. /Zemzs£oía; in the forewing SC! anastomoses shortly with C, but is well separate from SC?. Pretoria, 3 February, t9ro. Type in coll. A. J. T. Janse. 3) Hemistola incommoda, nov. sp. — O, 22 mm. Face deep red. Palpus scarcely longer than diameter of eye, deep red above, paler beneath. Vertex and antennal shaft pale ochreous ; pectinations moderate, reaching to about two-thirds, giving place to subdentate structure, with short ciliation. Thorax green above. Legs ochreous, fore-and middle-leg deep red on upper and inner sides; hindtibia not dilated, the spurs very unequal, only the inner terminal long. Forewing uniform bright green, of the same shade as in typical O»t^zax; costal edge narrowly crimson ; fringe concolorous with wing proximally, pale distally Hindwing ochreous, paler towards base (possibly discoloured from green!. Underside of both wings ochreous, more reddish than above, costal red shade of forewing much broadened, especially towards base; a greenish shade pervading the cell of forewing (again suggesting the possibility that the ochreous colouring may be artificial). Transkei, Cape Colony (Miss F Barrett). Type in coll. L. B. Prout ; cotype hopelessly disco- loured, but easily recognizable by structure) in coll. Brit, Mus. An interesting, somewhat anomalous species, which might be taken, but for the absence of frenulum, for a small, pectinate O »24ax, while in coloration it is curiously like the Australian Mixoc/roa gratéiosata, Both cells one-half, C of forewing well separate from SC, SC! arising well back, anastomosing shortly with C, SC*5 well before R!, M! well separate; C of hindwing approximated to about one-half, then moderately diverging, R? not extreme, M! wellseparate. Evidently very susceptible to moisture, a discoloured patch on forewing resembling in colour the hindwings and suggesting the query raised above, although we understood Mr. C. G. Barrett that no change in hindwing had occurred in relaxing. FAM. GEOMETRID/ZE 229 Early stages unknown. Affinities uncertain, c altogether unknown. May be a derivative of Nofthoterpna or Hemistola, but is very distinct in loss of median spurs and of tongue, etc. Type of the genus : Neurotoca notata, Warren (1897). Geographical distribution of species. — E. Africa. r. N. notata, Warren. E. Africa. Neurotoca notata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 43/1897). 2. N. endorhoda, Hampson. N. E. Rhodesia. Neurotoca endorhoda, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 476, t. 39, f. 31 (1910). 184. GENUS LOPHOSTOLA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Lophostola, nov. gen. Prout. Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in c rather short, in Q elongate, second joint long-haired below, in Q long, third joint in gf small, partly concealed, in Q moderately long. Tongue present. Antenna in both sexes nearly simple. Pectus somewhat hairy. Femora glabrous. (Hindlegs lost in both examples.) Abdomen with strong crests. Forewing broad, costa arched distally, apex blunt, termen convex, faintly waved. cell less than one-half, DC somewhat curved, SC! stalked to beyond R!, SC? normal, R! stalked, M! connate or short.stalked; hindwing with termen waved, bluntly toothed at R?, cell about two-fifths, DC rather oblique, C anastomosing quite shortly with cell, then rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, R? very characteristic, M! short-stalked. Early stages unknown. Very unfortunately, the unique gf is damaged at the base, but we can find no trace of frenulum ; the costal dilatation is strong. The crested abdomen is distinctive. otherwise the genus might have been suspected of some relationship to Hemistola. Its actual affinities are doubtful. Type of the genus : Lobhostola annuligera (Swinhoe) —.Lofhochlora annuligera, Swinhoe. Geographical distribution of species. — Uganda. 1. L. annuligera (Swinhoe). Uganda, ? Kilima-njaro. Lophochlora annuligera, Swinhoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8), Vol. 3, p.94(1909). ? Hemithea disjuncta (?), Aurivillius, Schwed. Zool. Exped. Kilimanjaro (9), p. 39 (1810) (nec Walker). 185. GENUS GONOCHLORA, SWINHOE Gonochlora. Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 548 (1904). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in c rather short. second joint shortly scaled, third joint minute. Tongue developed. Antenna in Q short, thick, lamellate, with strong clavate teeth. Hindtibia in gf slender, with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not appreciably crested. Forewing with costa somewhat arched, apex acute, termen subconcave below apex, projecting at R? to M!, thence extremely oblique, subconcave, cell scarcely two-fifths, DC somewhat incurved, oblique posteriorly, SC!? coincident, from stalk of SC?5, anastomosing strongly with or running into C, R! about connate, R? from above middle, M! just separate; hindwing diamond-shaped, but with apex rather obtuse, termen faintly crenu- 230 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA late, produced to a strong tooth at R?, slightly sinuate beyond, cell very short, DC somewhat oblique, C anastomosing with cell ata point, rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, M! stalked. Early stages unknown. Apparently more related to Dz$lodesma or.to Pamphlebia than to any known genus in Group VI. The 9 is at present unknown. Type of the genus : Gonochlora minutaria, Swinhoe (1904). Geographical distribution of species, — W. Africa. I. G. minulayia, Swinhoe. Sierra Leone. Gonochlora minutaria, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 548 (1904). 186. GENUS CHLOROMMA, WARREN Chloromma. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 104 (1896). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in cf moderate, second joint smooth-scaled, third joint in g* moderate (in Q probably long). Tongue present. Antenna in Qf bipectinate with moderate branches, apical end shortly ciliated. Pectus somewhat hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in gj dilated with hair-pencil, all spurs present. Abdomen not crested. Forewing with costa somewhat arched, apex acutely produced, termen oblique, straight except close to apex, tornus rather pronounced, cell not quite one-half, produced apically, DC deeply incurved, SC! from cell, anastomosing with C, SC? nor- mal, R! very shortly stalked, M! just separate; hindwing quadrate, produced to a long tail at R?, cell rather short, C approximated rather shortly near base, rapidly diverging, SC? shortly stalked, M! shortly to very shortly stalked. Early stages unknown. Differs from Iodis in the shape of both wings, and in some other slight characters, such as the point of origin of SC!, the somewhat different antennal structure, etc. The palpus is still smoother- scaled than in. Henistola, the hindwing differently shaped. We do not know the 9. Tyne of the genus : C/iloromma mimica, Warren (1896). Geographical distribution of species, — Assam. I. C. mimica, Warren. Assam. Chloromma mimica, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 105 (1896). 187. GENUS IODIS, HÜBNER lodis 1), Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 285 (1826?); Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9. p. 353 (1858). Leucoglyphica. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 391 (1894). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus moderate to long, second joint smooth or quite slightly roughened, third joint in both sexes smooth, distinct, in cf moderate, in Q longer. Tongue present. Antenna in cf bipectinate to beyond one-half, usually with rather long, well-ciliated, obliquely-directed 1) Some of our English authors, as well as Scudder in the .Vomesc/afor Zoologicus, have misunderstood the German usage with regard to the letter I-J, and since Hübner of course uses the round form J, have misquoted this name as To«;s. To be consistent, they will also have to write Piusia 7?ela, etc. [93] m FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 2 branches, recalling those of T/2alassodes, a rather long apical portion nearly simple; in Q nearly simple. Pectus somewhat hairy. Femora tvpically fringed with some fine hair. Hindtibia in c dilated with hair-pencil, in both sexes with all spurs. Hindtarsus in cf typically short. Abdomen not crested. Forewing with costa arched, apex moderate to sharp, termen oblique, usually little convex, cell less than one-half, DC somewhat curved, SC! stalked (or, exceptionally, connate or closely approximated) with SC?5, usually anastomosing with C, SC? normal 1), very rarely anastomosing with SC?, R! connate or short-stalked, M! connate or short-stalked: hindwing elongate, subquadrate, but apex rather rounded, termen nearly always with an elbow or slight tail at R?, otherwise smooth, or nearly so 2), cell rather short, DC? more or less incurved anteriorly, C shortly approximated to cell near base, rapidly diverg- ing, SC? stalked, M! stalked. cf genitalia : uncus pointed, with socii, gnathos pointed, harpe indented on the outer margin, with diaphanous connection, penis pestillate, eighth sternite terminating in two hard scobinated lobes. Show more or less close resemblance to those of Prasinocyma, Hemistola chryso- prasaria, Berta, Comvstola, etc. Ecc. — Apparently undescribed. Langva. — Very slender, twig-like, transversely wrinkled, head deeply cleft, produced into two points, prothorax provided with two small points projecting over head, anal flap narrow, triangular (Hofmann, Raufen d. Grossschmett. Eur. p. 161, 162; we are acquainted with no very full description). PuPA. — Rather slender, light brown, wing-veins and antenna-case dark, anal armature con- sisting of four pairs of very small hooks. Probably an almost direct derivative of Gelasma, by the loss of frenulum in the gf. The stalking of SC! of the forewing seems here to be becoming a fixed character. but a very occasional exception prevents our using it as quite absolute. The species are mostly slender, smoothly-scaled, and not rarely more or less iridescent. As regards Warren's Leucoglyphica (type. fasciata), we have not seen the gf, but believe that Swinhoe (Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 404) is right in sinking it. It is probably slightly aberrant in having more shortly pectinate antenna, but we can find no other structural distinction — an exceedingly slight elbow in the termen of forewing and a slight accentuation of the tail of hindwing are clearly inadequate for generic separation. Type of the genus : Jodis lactearia (Linné) — PAalaena Geometra lactearía, Linné (1858). Geographical distribution of species. — Europe, Asia. SECTION I. — Wings often iridescent; forewing with SC* normal; hindwing always angled at RP. 1. J. lactearia ( Linné). Europe to Japan, Asia Mi Phalaena Geometra lactearia, Linné, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10), p. 519 (17568). nor. Phalaena Geometra vernaria, Linné, Fauna Suec. (ed. 2, p. 323 (1761). Phalaena Geometra aeruginaria | Schiffermüller], Schmett. Wien. p.314 (1775). Phaloena lactea [Geoffroy], Fourcroy's Ent. Paris. p. 273 (1785). Phalaena Geometra decolorata, De Villers, Linn. Ent. Vol. 2. p. 385 (1789). Phalaena Geometra putataria, Esper, Schmett. in Abbild. Vol. 5, p. 25, t. 2, f. 4-6 (1794) (nec Linné). Geometra aeruginaria, Hübner, Samml. Eur. Schmett. Geom. t. 9, f. 46 (17962); p. 17 (1800?). Geometra putataria, Haworth, Lep. Brit. (2), p. 3oo (1809). Iodis aevuginaría, Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 286 (1826:). Ptychopoda putataria, Stephens, Cat. Brit. Ins. (2), p. 153 (1829). 1) In z:/ascía and albideníuda, which might form a separate genus, SC? is stalked to well beyond SC*. 2) l'ermen of hindwing prectically quite rounded in »:icra and a/0identua, littie elbowed in »2/fascía. 232 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Hemithea putataria, Duponchel, Hist. Nat. Lép. Vol. 7 (2), p. 242, t. 151, f. 3 (1829). Hemithea aeruginaria, Duponchel, ibidem, p. 244, t. 152. f. 6 (1829). ? Chlovochroma aeruginaria, Duponchel. Cat. Méth. Lép. Eur. p. 224 (1845). CAlorochroma putataria, Duponchel, ibidem, p. 224 (1845). Iodis lactearia, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 355 (1858). Iodis norbertaria, ROssler, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 38, p. 365 (1877) (var. vel ab.?). Euchlovis lactearía, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 95 (1892). Thalera lactearia, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 3), p. 264 (19or). 2. I. futata (Linné). Phalaena Geometra putata, Linné, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10), p. 523 (1758). Phalaena Geometra putatoria, Linné, Fauna Suec. (ed. 2), p. 323 (1761). Phalaena Geometra micantaria, Esper, Schmett. in Abbild. Vol. 5, p. 28, EX2 EXTA BITA94). Geometra putataria, Hübner, Samml. Eur. Schmett. Geom. t.2, f. 10 (1796?); p- 17 (1800?). Iodis putataria, Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 286 (1826?). Hemithea putataria, Boisduval, Gen. et Ind. Meth. Eur. Lep. p. 180 (1840). Iodis putata, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 1), p. 62 (1861). Iodis alliata, Hófner, Jahr.-Ber. Nat. Landesmus. Kárnthen, Vol.14, p 266 (1880). Euchloris alliata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 95 (1892). Euchloris pbutata, Meyrick, ibidem, p. 95 (1802). Thalera putata, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 3), p. 264 (1901). 3. I. caudularia (Guenée). ? Phalaena immacularia, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Vol. 3 (2), p. 131 (1794) (nec Gmelin (1790). Nemoria caudularia, Guenée, Spec Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 349 (1858). Thalassodes nanda, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 552 (1861). Thalera undularia, Hampson, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 8, p. 109, t. 15r, f. 2 (1891). Thalera caudularía, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 515, f. 226 (1895). Jodis caudularia, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 404 (1900). 4. I. opalaria, Guenée. Iodis opalaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 357 (1858). TAalera (?) subtractata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1753 (1862). Thalassodes opalaria, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 5o9 (1895). Iodis spumifera, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 235 (1898). 5. I. argularia (Walker). Thalera argutaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus, Vol. 35, p. 1614 (1866). Gelasma concolor, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 352 (1893). [Jodis] argutaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 107 (1896). 6. I. praerupta (Butler). Thalassodes praerupta, Butler, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2, p. 49, t. 36, f. 5 (1878). Thalera praerupta, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), Vol. 20, p. 243 (1897). Iodis steroparia, Püngeler, Iris, Vol. 21, p. 292, t. 4, f. 8 (1908) (nov. syn.). 7. I. pallescens (Hampson). Geometra. pallescens, Hampson, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 8, p. 108, t. 151, f. 3 (189r). Leucoglyphica pallescens, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 3o1 (1894). Thalera pallescens, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 516 (1895). 8. I. irregularis (Warren). Gelasma irregularis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1, p. 392 (1894). 9. I. annulifera, Warren. Iodis annulifera, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 107 (1896). Thalassodes annulifera, Hampson, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 12, P. 92 (1898). Central Europe to Arme- nia, E. Asia. India with Ceylon. India to Borneo. N. India, S. China, ? Japan. Japan, Amur. Nilgiris. N. India. Assam. FAM. GEOMET RIDZE 233 IO. I. coeruleata, Warren. Assam. Iodis coeruleata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 107 (1896). II. J. inumbrata, Warren. Assam. Iodis inumbrata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 107 (1896). 12. [. tridescens, Warren. Assam. Iodis ividescens, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 108 (1806). 13. IJ. delicatula, Warren. Assam. Iodis delicatula, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 309 (1896). 14. I. sinuosaria ( Leech). China, Japan. Thalera sinuosaria, Leech, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6). Vol.20, p. 244 (1897). 15. IJ. dentifascia, Warren. Japan, Corea. Iodis dentifascia, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 212 (1897). 16. [. micra, Warren. Bali. Iodis micra, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vól. 4, p. 212 (1897). 17. I. albipuncta, Warren. Assam. Iodis albipuncta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 13 (1898). Thalera albipuncta, Hampson, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. r4, p. 656 (1903). SEcTION II. — Wings not iridescent; forewing with SC? stalked to beyond SC5; hindwing rounded or only very weakly elbowed (gen. div.?). 18. I. unifascia (Hampson). Nilgiris. Thalera unifastia, Hampson, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 8, p. 110, t. 151, f. 7 (180r). 19. I. albidentula (Hampson). Ceylon. Euchloris albidentula, Hampson, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 18, p- 53, t. E, f. 41 (1807). NorE. — odis clarissa, Butler, Il. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2, p. 49, t. 36, f. 4 (1878) belongs to the Geometrinae (Boarmünae), Iodis (?) olivacea, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 128, f. 13, to the Larentünae (genus Amaurinia). Other erroneously referred species have been corrected in Hampson's Fauna Ind. Moths (Vol. 3) and Turner's recent revision of the Subfamily. 188. GENUs BERTA, WALKER Berta. Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1621 (1862). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus moderate to long, slender, second joint rather long, smooth-scaled, third joint in cf moderate, in Q9 long to very long. Tongue present. Antenna about as in Jodis. Pectus slightly hairy Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in cf dilated with hair-pencil, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Forewing with costa arched, apex moderate to rather sharp, termen oblique, more or less curved, cell less than one-half, DC? incurved, so that R? appears almost as its continuation, DC? arising somewhat distally, SC! stalked with SC??, usually anastomosing with C (but see cArysolineata zygophyxia), SC? normal (in o/rvescens anastomosing with SC!). R! connate or more usually very short-stalked, M! separate; hindwing elongate, apex nearly rounded, termen crenulate or subcrenulate (excepting Persimilis) with a tail at R? and (excepting acte and fersimilis) a smaller tooth at R! and an excision between, cell rather short, DC? strongly oblique, somewhat curved, SC? arising distally, somewhat curved, C shortly appressed to cell near base, rapidly diverging, SC? stalked » M! stalked (sometimes very shortly). cf genitalia : uncus pointed, with socii, gnathos pointed, harpe 234 LEPIDOPTERA- HETEROCERA with short projecting clasper. vinculum rounded, eighth sternite terminating in two lobes (cArysolineata leucospilota). Early stages unknown. Closely related to odis, differing chiefly in the form of the discocellulars, especially the incur- vature of DC' of the forewing. We have seen one aberrant example of chrysolineata in. which, in the hindwing, DC? is an almost straight continuation of DC?, but the oblique course of the two, and the lack of any incurve in DC? still keep the form distinct from Iodis. It is just possible the genera will prove to intergrade through some forms akin to Berta acte and fersimilis (in which the hindwing lacks the typical excision of Berta) and Iodis opalaria or iridescenus (in which the discocellulars of the Amdwing are inclined to assume the Bería course), but at present there is no difficulty at all in keeping the two genera apart. The very long 9 palpus, the shape of the hindwing, and to some extent of forewing (costa and termen inclined to be more rounded) and the separation of M! of forewing at its origin from R*, usually afford further distinctions. Type of the genus : Berta chrysolineata, Walker (1862). Geographical distribution of species. — India to N. Australia, W. Africa. SEgcTION I. — Hindwing with termen more or less crenulate. 1. B. chrysolineata, Walker. a. Berta chrysolineata chrysolineata. India with Ceylon, Dutch New Berta chrysolineata, Walker, List Lep. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1621(1862). Guinea. Thalera chrysolineata, Hampson, Fauna Ind Moths, Vol. 3, p. 516 (1895). b. Berta chrysolineata zygophyxia. Singapore, Bali. Berta chrysolineata zygophyxia, nov. subsp. 1), Prout. c. Berta chrysolineata leucospilota. N. Australia. Euchlovis leucospilota,Turner,Trans.Roy.Soc.S. Austral. Vol.28, p.221 (1904). Berta chrysolineata,T urner, Proc.Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol.35,p. 564 (19010). 2. B. vaga (Walker). Borneo. Thalera vaga, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 595 (1861). Berta vaga, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 405, t. 6, f. 8 (1900). 3. B. acte (Swinhoe). Assam, Ceylon, ? W. China. Thalera acte, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent, Soc. Lond. p. 6, t. 1. f. 13(1802) 2). Euchloris acte, Swinhoe, ibidem, p. 175 (1894). 4. B. albiplaga, Warren. N. India. Berta albiplaga, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 357. t. 31, f. 5 (1593) 5. B. discolor, Warren. Padang. Berta (?) discolor, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r, p. 380 (1894). 6. B. olivescens, Warren. Fergusson Island. Berta olivescens, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 287 (1896). SEcTION II. — Hindwing with termen not crenulate. 7. B. persimilis (Warren). Niger to Cameroons. Chloromma persimilis, Warren, Novit Zool. Vol. 4, p. 36 (1897). ri) Berta chrysolineata zygophyxia, nov. subsp. — Shape and markings as in the Indian race c/rysoZrzeafa of the dull olive, moderately white-marked type, but with different venation, SC! of forewing arising just before end of cell (therefore well before R*, whereas in the name- type it is stalked to beyond R1), not anastomosing with C; forewing on the average rather broad, a rather conspicuous white spot in its apex. Singapore (2 Q), Bali (2 3), all in coll. Brit. Mus. Will probably prove a constant form, or even species. 2) Geomefra acte on type label. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 295 189. GENUS LAMBORNIA, NOV. GEN., PROUT Lambornia, nov. gen. Prout. Characters. Face smooth, broad. Palpus slender, in cf shortish, in Q moderate, second joind smooth-scaled, third joint distinct, in cf not minute, in Q elongate. Tongue developed. Antenna rather short, in both sexes bipectinate to rather near apex, the branches quite moderate. Pectus some- what hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in both sexes with a pair of unequal terminal spurs, the median wanting. Abdomen with minute raised dorsal spots (embryo crests). Forewing short and broad, costa arched, apex blunt, termen subcrenulate, curved, becoming oblique, cell short, DC slightly incurved, oblique posteriorly, SC! from cell, anastomosing strongly with C, SC? from stalk of SC?5, anastomosing strongly with SCl, or even with C 4- SC! before their separation, R! about connate, R? from about centre of DC, M! connate; hindwing elongate, apex rounded off, termen dentate, with stronger teeth at R! and R?, excised between, tornus rather pronounced, inner margin very long, cell very short, DC not much curved, sometimes slightly angled at origin of R?, C closely approximated to one-half cell or less, then rapidly diverging, SC? long-stalked, R? from little above middle, sometimes almost central, M! long-stalked. Early stages unknown. A thoroughly distinct genus. Perhaps nearest in facies to Ber/a, but differing in several characters (tibial armature, antennal structure, origin of SC!, stumpier forewing). May be derived from an immediate ancestor of Berta, prior to the stalking of SC, Type of the genus : Lambornia inspiciens, nov. sp., Prout. Geographical distribution of species. — Equatorial Africa. I. L. inspiciens, nov. sp. 1), Prout. Uganda, Lagos. 190. GENUs COMOSTOLA, MEYRICK Comostola. Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 869 (1888). Leucodesmia. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 25 (1899) (nec Howard, 1895). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus slender, in cf moderate to rather long, in Q long, second joint smooth-scaled, third joint smooth, distinct, in cf moderate (rarely short), in Q long. Tongue present. Antenna moderate, in cj bipectinate to two-thirds with long branches, in Q serrate or simple. Pectus almost glabrous. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in C dilated, with hair-pencil and sometimes a short terminal process, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Forewing with costa slightly to moderately arched, apex usually acute, termen oblique, nearly straight or curved, tornus in typical 1 Lambornia inspiciens, nov. sp. — c Q,. 19-22 mm. Face dull olive-green. Palpus reddish above, whitish beneath. Vertex and base of antennal shaft white, the latter distally reddish ochreous. Thorax fuscous olive above, abdomen at base dorsally tinged with reddish fuscous, otherwise paler, with minute reddish-fuscous raised spots. Wings white, smoothly scaled, copiously spotted and blotched with dull olive. Forewing with some slight markings at base, especially on costa; two diffuse, ill-defined bars at about one-fifth, from costa to M, the outer joining the median band; a diffuse, ill-defined, interrupted broad band somewhat before middle, its anterior half consisting of a costal mark and an ovate, white surrounded blotch, bounded posteriorly by M, its posterior half somewhat broader, some clouding following between M! and M?, some spots between the radials, distal area with some costal marks and some subterminal blotches between the radials and at tornus. Hindwing with a small blotch at end of cell, irregular interrupted lines proximally and distally to this; an interrupted dentate line at about two-thirds, nearly parallel with termen; a subterminal band, or series of blotches, somewhat interrupted from R? to near tornus. Underside white, unmarked, costa of forewing narrowly ochreous-tinted, more broadly so at base. Entebbe, Uganda, 1905 (E. A. Minchin); type (3) in coll. Brit. Mus. Oni, Lagos, in forest with natural clearings, below 1oo feet (W. A. Lamborn); co-types (1 8, 1 Q) in coll. Oxford Mus., the O dated 15 April, roro. 236 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA section well marked, cell less than one-half, DC? incurved, DC? arising further distally (sometimes much further, in maculata very little further), SC! arising close to or out of the stalk of SC?5, in the type and a few others stalked to beyond R!, R! usually stalked, M! connate or short-stalked ; hindwing with termen slightly bent at R?, or strongly rounded, tornus usually pronounced, inner margin long, cell short, DC slightly oblique, usually nearly straight, sometimes DC? and DC? separately (weakly) incurved, forming an angle at origin of R?, C anastomosing with cell at a point near base, rapidly diverging, M! stalked, M? from close to end of cell (Pl. 4, Fig. 1 7). c genitalia with uncus parallel, bifurcate at the extreme tip, socii terminating in a strong horn, gnathos pointed, harpe with arum-lily-shaped clasper, penis pestillate. Early stages unknown. Associated with Bería in the form of DC of the forewing. That this can have been independently acquired is suggested by a few other genera, but the genitalia and one or two other characters point to the possibility of a real connection in the present case, The superficial aspect is totally dissimilar. There may probably be a relationship with Hemistola through C. ovifera and Section III of that genus. Type of the genus : Conmostola laesaria (Walker) — Iodis laesaria, Walker — Comostola ferlepidartia, Meyrick (1888). Geographical distributlon of species. — Indo-Australian, SEcTION I. — Termen of hindwing not strongly rounded, but nearly always bent at R*; antenna of Q usually serrate (Comostola, Warren). 1. C. laesaria (Walker). S. India to Australia. Iodis laesaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p.544 (1861). Ewcrostis perlepidaria, Walker, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 1610 (1866). Thalera laesaria, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 429 (1887). Comostala perlepidaria, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol, 2, p- 869 (1888). Euchloris subtiliaría (part.), Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 5oo (1895) (nec Bremer). Comostola laesaria, 'Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 566 (1910) 2. C. meritaria (Walker). Ceylon. Geometra meritaria, Walker. List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 522 (1861). Thalera meritaria, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 429 (1887). 3. C. subtiliaria (Bremer). E. Siberia, China. Euchloris subtiliaria, Bremer. Mém. Acad. Sc. St-Pétersb. Vol. 8, p. 76, t6 f. 123 (186x)* Phorodesma subtiliaria, Staudinger, Cat. (ed. 2), p. 144 (1871). 4. C. nympha (Butler) (praec. var. vel syn.?). Japan, China, ? Formosa. Racheospila nympha, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 411 (1881). 5. C. leucomerata (Walker). E. Australia. Chlorochroma leucomerata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 35, p. 1609 (1866. Iodis leucomerata, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2). Vol. 2, p. 889 (1888). Comostola leucomerata, 'Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 567 (1010). : 6. C. maculata ( Moore). N. and N. W. India. Comibaena maculata, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 638 (1867). Euchloris subtiliaria, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 50o, f. 221 (1895) (nec Bremer). Eucrostes subtiliaria, Hampson, ibidem, Vol. 4, p. 566 (1896). 7. C. nereidaria (Snellen). Celebes to Fergusson Is- Iodis nereidaria, Snellen, Tijdschr. v. Ent. Vol. 24, p. 76, t. 10, f. 10, 11 (1881). land, N. Australia. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 237 Comostola nereidaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 492 (1889). Comostola flavicincta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p- 288 (1896). Comostola neseidaria, Warren, ibidem, p. 306 (1896). ? Euchloris subtiliaria, Pagenstecher, Zoologica, Vol. 29, p. 154 (1900) (nec Bremer). 8. C. ovifera (Warren). Sikkim, Tibet. Euchloris (?) ovifera, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 358 (1893). Eucrostes ovifera, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 4, p- 566 (1896). 9. C. munudata, Warren. Khásis. Comostola mundata, Warren. Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 105 (1896). 10. C. inops, nov. sp., Prout 1). Kashmir, rr. C. flavifimbria, Warren. British New Guinea. Comostola flavifimbria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 86 (1906). 12. C. rufimargo, Warren. British New Guinea. Comostola rufumargo, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 86 (1906). 13. C. haflophanes, Turner. N. Queensland. Comostola haplophanes, 'Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. SS p- 567 (1910). SECTION II. — Termen of hindwing strongly rounded; antenna of Q simple (Leucodesmia, Warren, nom, praeocc.). 14. C. dispansa (Walker). Ceylon. Comibaena dispansa, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p- 574 (186r). Racheospila dispausa, Hampson, Ill. Het. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 9, p. 146, t. 170, f. 5 (1893). Euchloris disbansa, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 499 (1895). Comostolodes dispbansa, Warren, Novit, Zool. Vol. 3, p. 309 (1896). Leucodesmia dispansa, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 6, p. 25 (1899). Comostola dispansa, ' Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 568 (1910). 15. C. chlovargyra (Walker). India to Borneo, New Gui- Comibaena chlorargyra, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 577 nea, N. E. Australia. (1861). Euchloris dispansa (part.), Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, P- 499 (1895) (nec Walker). Leucodesmia chlorargyra, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p- 25 (1899). Comostola chlorargyra, Turner, Proc. Linn, Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 568 (1910). 16. C. minutata (Druce) (prac. var. ?). New Guinea to Bismarck Iodis minutata, Druce, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p- 577 (1888). Archipelago. Comostola conchylias, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. P- 490 (1889) (nov. syn.). Leucodesmia conchylias, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, P- 25 (1899). Leucodesmta minutata, Warren, ibidem, p- 25 (1899). 17. C. confusa (Warren). Ceylon. Leucodesmia confusa, Warren, Novit. Zool., Vol. 12, P- 422 (1905). 18. C. eucraspeda, Turner. N. Australia. Comostola eucraspeda, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 568 (1910). 1) Comostola inops, nov. sp. — 3,26 mm. Face bright red above, white below. Palpus yellow above, narrowly white at end of second joint, whitish beneath. Antenna pale yellow, whitish at base. Legs whitish, tinged with yellow. Head green, narrowly whitish between antennz. Thorax green above. Abdomen whitish, marked with pale above. Wings bright green (less bluish than in ovi/zra and »acuZafa), markings creamy white, consisting in both wings of a moderate-sized oval discal spot and a postmedian series of rather large vein-spots, those on the hindwing larger and partly confluent ; on both wings, but especially on hindwing, the line thus formed makes an inward curve in posterior half, reaching inner margin at not much beyond (on hindwing not beyond) the middle; the red-brown marking in centre of discal spots is confined in forewing to a few scales, hardly noticeable, in hind- wing making a fairly complete circlet, but dull and weak ; fringes creamy white. Underside paler green, unmarked, Lidderwat, Liddan Valley. Kashmir, 6,700 feet, 1o July, 1904 (C. H. Ward). Type in coll. Brit. Mus. Intermediate between ovifera and mactelata, the markings more as in the latter, but with red terminal line entirely absent, less displacement of postmedian series of spots, more evenly rounded hindwing, etc. The angulation of DC in forewing is not very strong. 238 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA I9I1. GENUS COMOSTOLOPSIS, WARREN Comostolopsis. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 494 (1902). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes long, very slender, second joint smooth- scaled, third joint moderate to elongate in cf, rather long to long in Q. Tongue present. Antenna moderate, in Cf bipectinate with long, stout branches, apical portion nearly simple; in 9 subserrate (in apicata strongly bipectinate). Pectus scarcely hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in c not dilated, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Forewing with costa somewhat arched, apex moderate to rather acute, termen straight, tornus pronounced, cell short, DC? much incurved, SC! rather long- stalked, anastomosing with Cl or free, SC? normal, typically anastomosing with SC!, K! short-stalked, M! stalked ; hindwing with termen rounded, or scarcely appreciably bent at R?, cell short. DC? incurved, C anastomosing with or appressed to cell ata point near base, then rapidly diverging 1), SC? stalked, M! stalked, M? from close to angle, or connate, or even very shortly stalked with R? and M!. Early stages unknown. A close relative of Comostola; one species (stillata) is marvellously like that genus in every detail of appearance, certainly betokening affinity, not mere convergence; and as the sole distinction of importance isin the discocellulars, it is possible that Comostolopsis ought to be sunk, and our analyses recast. Type of the genus : Conmostolofsis simplex, Warren (1902). Geographical distribution of species. — Aírica (chiefly S. and E.). I. C. simplex, Warren. British E. Africa, ? Natal. Comostolopsis simplex, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 404 (1902). Euchloris simplex, Swinhoe, Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 543 (1904). 2. C. stillata (Felder). S. Africa to Niger and Nemoria stillata, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127, f. 17 (1875). Uganda. Eucrostes vubristicta, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 23 (1899). Eucrostis vufostellata, Mabille, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 68, p. 740 (1900) (nov. syn.). Comostolopsis stillaria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 493 (1902), 3. C. aficata (Warren). Natal to Cape. Pareuchloris apicata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 14 (1898). Phorodesma (?) fuscipuncta, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 6, p. 291 (1899). 4. C. capensis (Warren) 2). Cape. Aplodes capensis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 291 (1899). 5. C. coerulea, Warren. British E. Africa. Comostolopsis coerulea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 9, p. 494 (1902). 6. C. undulilinea (Warren) (huj. gen.?). Sierra Leone. Eucrostes undulilinea, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. 384 (10905). 192. GeNUs PYRRHORACHIS, WARREN Pyrrhorachis. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 292 (1896). Pyrrhorhachis. Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 569 (1910). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus long and slender, second joint long, smooth-scaled, third joint long, especially in the Q. Tongue present. Antenna in gf bipectinate to beyond one-half 1r) Only in zcdulilinea, which is probably not strictly congeneric (SC* of forewing arising just before SC?, etc.), approximated to about one-half of cell. 2) Type lost (mislaid», but evidently belongs to this genus, perhaps an ab, or var. of s»tZex, with discal spot obsolete (as we have seen a specimen from Durban) and with the pale line nearer the termen. The rest of the description fits exactly. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 239 with long, abruptly ceasing branches, in Q simple. Pectus scarcely hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in gf dilated. in both sexes with two pairs of unequal spurs. Abdomen not appreciably crested. Forewing with costa very slightly arched, apex moderate, termen entire, bowed, oblique, cell short, DC? usually incurved (occasionally DC?3? forming one gentle, continuous curve), SC! from near apex of cell or from near base of stalk of SC?5, free or anastomosing with C, R! stalked (arising after SC!), R? from above middle of DC, M! stalked (except in caerulea); hindwing elongate, with termen strongly rounded, apex also rounded, tornus not pronounced, cell short, DC slightly oblique, almost straight or with DC? weakly incurved anteriorly, C anastomosing with cell at a point near base, very rapidly diverging (except in caerulea), SC? stalked (usually shortly), R? from much above middle, M! stalked (except in caerulea). cf genitalia with uncus parallel, bifurcate at the tip, socii long and slender, gnathos pointed, harpe full with forked clasper, penis spatulate. (Akin to those of Comostola.) Early stages unknown. From Section II of Comostola, which it closely resembles in shape, this genus differs in the simple discocellulars; from Comostolopsis it is distinguished by its shape and by the fact that SC! arises before Rl, whereas in Comostolopsis the reverse is the case. Type of the genus : Pyrrhorachis Pyrrhogona (Walker) — Eucrostis byrrhogona, Walker — Pyrrho- rachis cornuta, Warren. Geographical distribution of species. — India to Australia. SEcTION I. — Hindwing with C anastomosing at a point; both wings with M! stalked, 1. P. pyrrhogona (Walker). India to E. Australia. Eucrostis pyrrhogona, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 35, p. 1610 (1866). Iodis marginata, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 3, p. 1267 (1888). Comostola pyrrhogona, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 491i (1889) (var.? — ead. ac cornuta, Warren) 1). Euchloris pyrrhogona, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 3, p. 500 (1895). Eucrostes pyrrhogona, Hampson, ibidem, Vol. 4. p. 566 (1896). Pyrrhorachis pyrrhogona, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 292 (1896). Pyrrhorachis cornuta, Warren, ibidem, p. 292 (1896) (var. ?) 1). 2. P. albifimbria (Waxren) (huj. gen.?). Khásis. Comostola albifumbria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 105 (1896). 3. P. deliciosa (Warren). Natuna Islands. Comostolodes deliciosa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 3, p. 365 (1896). 4. P. viridula, Warren. British New Guinea. Pyrrhorachis viridula, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1o, p. 363 (1903). 5. P. castaneata (Warren). British New Guinea. Comostolodes castaneata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 87 (1906). 6. P, ruficepbs, Warren. British New Guinea, Pyrrhorachis ruficebs, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 89 (1906). 7. P. rubripunctata (Warren) (huj. gen.?). Japan. Microloxia rubripunctata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 16, p. 125 (1909). SEcrION II. — Hindwing with C approximated for some distance; both wings with DC* oblique, M! separate (vix huj gen.). 8. P. caerulea (Warren). N. India. Comostola caerulea, Warren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 354, t. 31, f. 1 (1893). 1) We are not able to appreciate any constant differences between the New Guinea specimens (corzméa, Warren — yrrZogona, Meyrick) and the Indian, those pointed out by Warren being inconstant. Probably Warren's na ue should be treated as strictly a synonym, or at best an aberration. 240 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA I93. GENUS CHLOÉRES, TURNER Chloéres Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 570 (1910). Characters, — Face smooth. Palpus slender, in cf rather short or moderate, in 9 longer, second joint smooth, third joint distinct, in cf rather short. in 9 rather long. Tongue present. Antenna in gf bipectinate with rather long branches, apical end simple; in Q nearly simple. pubescent. Pectus slightly hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in gf sometimes dilated, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Forewing with costa scarcely arched, apex acute, termen straight, oblique, tornus well pronounced ; cell less than one-half. DC? inbent, SC! from near apex of cell, free. SC? normal, R! very short-stalked, R? from above middle of DC, M! very short-stalked or connate; hindwing with apex squared, termen smooth, little convex, tornus well pronounced, cell rather short, DC? usually incurved anteriorly, oblique posteriorly, C anastomosing with cell at a point near base, then moderately diverging, SC? stalked, R? from much above middle of DC, M! stalked or connate. LaRva. — Elongate. flattened, green with lighter green and darker green linear stripes laterally. On Duboisia myoporoides (Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales(2), Vol. 4, p. 603). Pura. — Undescribed, in a very light cocoon among leaves (Lucas, loc. cit.). Type of the genus : Chlozres citrolimbaria (Guenée) — Chlorochroma. citrolimbaria, Guenée (1910). Geographical distribution of species. — Australia, Borneo, ? Sumatra. 1. C. citrolimbaria ( Guenée). E. Australia. Chlorochroma citrolimbaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 366 (1858). Chlorochroma inchoata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus, Vol. 22, p.563(1861;. Iodis citrolimbaria, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 879 (1888). Iodis inchoata, Meyrick, ibidem, p. 881 (1888). Iodis illidgei, Lucas, ibidem, Vol. 4, p. 603 (1890). Euchloris citrolimbaria, Lower, ibidem, Vol. 22, p. 29 (1898). Chlores citrolimbaria, 'Turner, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 571 (1910). 2. C. dyakaria (Walker). Borneo. Eucrostis dyakaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 567 (1861). Comostola dyakaria, Swinhoe, Lep. Het. Oxford Mus. Vol. 2, p. 396 (1900). 3. C. dulcinata (Fuchs) (huj. gen. ?) Sumatra. Phorodesma (Euchloris) dulcinata, Fuchs, Jahrb. Nassau, Ver. Nat. Vol. 55, p. 85 (1902). » 4- C. cissina, Turner. Queensland. Chloeres cissina, "Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 572 (1910). 194. GENUS NEOTHELA, TURNER Neothela. Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales. Vol. 35, p. 569 (1910). Characters. — Head smooth. Palpus slender, porrect, third joint in c* minute. Tongue present. Antenna in gf bipectinate with long branches, apices simple. Pectus slightly hairy. Hindtibia in gf strongly dilated, with hair-pencil, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen not crested. Forewing with costa arched, apex round-pointed, termen oblique, nearly straight, SC! from cell, anastomosing. with C and SC?, R! separate, M! widely separate; hindwing with termen bowed on R?, DC? incurved, becoming very strongly oblique, C closely approximated to cell near base, thence divergine, SC? stalked, M! widely separate. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 241 Early stages unknown. This genus is only known to us from Turner's description. Distinguished by the wide separation of M! of both wings. Type of the genus : Veol/iela cissochroa, Turner (1910). Geographical distribution of species. — XN. Oueensland. I. N.. cissochroa, Turner. N. Queensland. Neothela cissochroa, 'T urner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 570 (1010). 195. GeNUs CYMATOPLEX, TURNER Cymatoplex. Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 576 (1910). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus short, slender, terminal joint short in both sexes. Tongue present. Antenna rather short, in cf bipectinate with very long branches, which decrease with great suddenness, apical end nearly simple; in Q thick, slightly serrate. Pectus slightly hairy: Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested. Forewing with costa nearly straight, apex moderate, termen oblique, somewhat curved, cell nearly one-half, DC? incurved, SC! from cell, free, or anastomosing with C, SC? normal, R! connate, stalked or approximated, M! separate or connate; hindwing with termen rounded, tornus moderate, inner margin not elongate, cell not quite one-half, DC? incurved, C appressed to (or anastomosing with?) cell at a point near base, rapidly diverging, SC? stalked, M! separate or connate. Early stages unknown. Probably, as Turner suggests, more nearly a derivative of Microloxia than of CAlozres. It could easily be treated as a fourth subgenus of Mixocera, the principal distinction being antennal. Type of the genus : Cymatoplex halcyone (Meyrick) — Eucrostis halcyone, Meyrick — Cymatoplex crenulata, Turner (1910). : Geographical distribution of species. — New Guinea to Australia. 1. C. halcyone (Meyrick). British New Guinea, N. W. Eucrostis halcyone, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 489 (1889). to E. Australia. Iodis crenulata, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 6, p. 294 (189r) (nov. syn.). Euchloris dichroa, Lower, Proc. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 27, p.217 (1903). Chlorochroma imparicornis, Waxxren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. 422 (1905). Cymatoplex crenulata, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 577 (1910). 2 C. hyfoltchna, Turner. N. Australia. Cynatoplex hvpolichna, "Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 578 (IOIOJ]. I96. GENUS CENOCHLORA, WARREN Cenochlora. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5. p. 12 (1898). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus minute, slender (less than one-half diameter of eye). Tongue absent. Antenna in both sexes bipectinate to about four-fifths with long branches. Pectus scarcely hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested. Fore- 242 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA wing with costa somewhat arched, apex moderate, termen smooth, obliquely curved, cell one-half, DC? incurved, becoming oblique, SC! from cell, anastomosing at a point with C, well removed from SC?, SC? normal, R! well separate, M! well separate; hindwing with termen rounded, very slightly prominent in middle, but with no distinct bend or angle, cell one-half, DC? curved, becoming rather strongly oblique, C bent near base, anastomosing at a point with cell, then strongly divergent, SC? con- nate or short-stalked, M! widely separate. Early stages unknown. A very specialized development of Cymatoflex. Type of the genus : Ceiochlora quieta ( Lucas) — odis quieta, Lucas — Cenochlora felix, Warren( 1898). Geographical distribution of species. — Queensland. 1. C. quieta (Lucas). Queensland. Iodis quieta, Lucas, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. Vol. 8, p. 79 (1892). Cenochlora felix, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 5, p. 12 (1898). Chlorochroma quieta, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 12, p. 422 (1905). Cenochlora quieta, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 574 (1910). 2. C. quantilla, Turner. N. Queensland. Cenochlora quantilla, Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 575 (1910). 197. GENUS MIXOCERA, WARREN Mixocera. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 206 (1901) 1). Gynandria. Turner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 575 (1910). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in both sexes short, second joint shortly rough-scaled, third joint minute. Tongue weak. Antenna shortly bipectinate to nearly simple, ciliated, varying in both sexes. Pectus slightly hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested. Forewing with costa slightly arched or nearly straight, apex moderate or rather sharp, termen smooth, oblique, gently curved or nearly straight, cell about one-half, DC? more or less curved. SC! from near apex of cell, or from base of stalk of SC?*, free, or anastomosing with or running into C, SC? normal, sometimes anastomosing with SC!, R! stalked, M! connate, closely approximated or very shortly stalked; hindwing with apex rounded, termen moderately to rather strongly rounded, tornus moderate, cell less than one-half, DC oblique, at least posteriorly, C shortly appressed to or anastomosing with cell near base, then diverging, SC? stalked, M! short-stalked, occasionally connate. Early stages unknown. Probably related to Microloxia, but differing in the loss of the frenulum and in the short palpus. Except in the antennal structure, there is little variation of moment, and even the facies of the species is in general very uniform. Africa furnishes most of the species, and as the material which we have seen 1) Warren cites, as type of .Mixocera, « indecrefata, Walker », but we have positive information from Mr. Warren himself that he misidentitied Walker's species — as is also shown by the characters which he assigns to it. We therefore suppose we are justified in explaining the type of the genus to be Parvulata, Walker — indecretafa, Warren, and so in employing it in the sense intended by its author. Atthe same time we would urge the great importance of selecting as genotypes correctly-determined species, and of course the ones from which the author is actually describing. It is of course preferable to make the characterization from the actual name-type of the species, but where this cannot be done, and any shadow of uncertainty of deter- mination exists, the expedient which we have adopted under CA/orosterr Za should be resorted to, of giving the genotype an alternative name. FAM. GEOMETRIDZE 243 consists largely of isolated specimens from scattered localities we have been unable to obtain much insight intothe limitsof the species, range of geographical or of individualvariation, and the like questions. Type of the genus : M:xocera parvulata (Walker) — Nemoria (?) pavvulata, Walker — Mixocera indecretata, Warren (nec Walker) (1901). Geographical distribution of species. — 5. India, Africa, N. to E. Australia. SUBGENUS I. — Antenna in cf dentate or subpectinate, with fascicles of cilia (Mixocera, Warren) (Pl. 5, Fig. 18). 1. M. parvulata (Walker). Bombay to Ceylon,S. Africa Nemoría (?) parvulata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1559 (1862). Euchloris rectifasciata, Hampson, Fauna Ind. Moths, Vol. 4, p. 566 (1896) (nov. syn.). Mixocera indecretata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 206(1901) (nec Walker |. 2. M. frustratoria (Wallengren). S. Africa. Eucrostis frustratoria, Wallengren, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. Vol. 7, p. 150 (1863). Eucrostis frustatoria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 35, p.1610|1866). ? Euchloris oleagina, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 38 (1896) (nov. syn.) 1). ? Microloxia (2) serraticornis, Warren, ibidem, p. 42 (1897). ? Mixocera serraticornis, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 8, p. 206 (1901). 3. M. albistrigata (Pagenstecher). Tropical Africa. Eucrostis albistrigata, Pagenstecher, Jahrb. Hamburg. Anst. Vol. 10, p. 252 (1893). Mixocera albimargo, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol.8, p 206 (1901) (nov. syn.) 2). SUBGENUS II. — Antenna in both sexes shortly pectinate (Gynandria, Turner). 4. M. latilincata (Walker). N. to S. E, Australia. Geometra. latilineata, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 35, p. 1605 (1866). Eucrostis latilineata, Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 868 (1888). Mixocera latilineata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 206 (19or). Gynandria latilineata, ''urner, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 35, p. 576 (1910) SUBGENUS III. — Antenna in Gf simply ciliated, in Q very minutely ciliated (Thelycera, nov., Prout; type : Mixocera hemithales, Prout). 5. M. hemithales, nov. sp. 3), Prout. British E. Africa. 1) We have not seen Wallengren's type, but the synonymy seems fairly safe. In any case serra£rcor?is is clearly the same as oZeagima. 2) Pagenstecher merely gives the cj antenna of his a/A/s/r£gafa as « ciliated », but his whole description fits the subgenus JMzxocera so perfectly that it can hardly possibly be referred to a. ZeZycera unknown to us — especially as itoccurs in such widely separated localities as Portuguese East Africa and Angola — and we consider the synonymy here given to be practically quite certain. It is, indeed, not absolutely inconceivable that all the three Mixocera here registered are but forms of one protean species. 1) Mixocera (Th*lycera) hemithales, nov. sp. — dG, 23 mm. Face, palpus, upper part of foreleg, antennal shaft above and postorbital rim brown-red, head otherwise pale grcen (tinged with ochreous —? discoloured). Thorax pale green above, whitish beneath; abdomen whitish. Forewing pale yellow green, costa narrowly whitish ochreous; a straight, thick whitish line from costa at r 1/2 mm. from apex to inner margin at about 3 mm. from tornus, no other markings; fringe whitish. Hindwing white, unmarked. Underside of forewing greenish white, of hind- wing clearer white. Fort Hall, Kenya District, British East Africa, about 4000 feet, 2 November, 1902 (S. L. and H. Hinde). Type in coll. Oxford Mus., presented by the captors. The specimen is slightly faded, and it is likely that an absolutely fresh specimen would more nearly approach the coloration of the foll wing species. A Q from Salisbury, Mashonaland, February, 19oo (G. A. K. Marshall)and a smaller Q from Bulawayo, 21 November, 1902 (F. Eyles), both in coll. Brit. Mus., may likely belong to the present species. 244 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCEKA 6. M. xanthostephana, nov. sp. 1), Prout. 'Transvaal. 7. M. viridans, nov. sp. 2), Prout. Mashonaland, Natal. 198. GENUS EUCROSTES, HÜBNER Eucrostes. Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 283 (18267). Eucrostis. Lederer, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ver. Wien, Vol. 3, p. 172 (1853). Euchrostes. Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, Vol. 64, p. 483 (1895). Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus moderate, second joint somewhat rough-scaled, third joint in c* short. in Q moderate to long. Tongue developed, though rather slender. Antenna short, in both sexes bipectinate to about two-thirds. in c with long, in Q with short branches, apex merely serrate; in Q sometimes subserrate throughout. Pectus slightly hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia in both sexes with terminal spurs on y. Abdomen not crested. Forewing rather broad 3), costa little arched, apex moderate, termen smooth, slightly curved, cell nearly one-half, DC incurved, SC! from cell, anastomosing with, or oftener running into C, SC? normal, well separate from C, R! connate or approx- imated, R? from above middle, M! connate or short-stalked; hindwing with apex somewhat rounded, termen strongly rounded, inner margin rather long, cell rather short, DC? somewhat incurved, C anast- omosing with cell at a point near base, then rapidly diverging, SC* stalked or connate, R^ very characteristic, M! stalked, M? from near end of cell. cf genitalia : uncus pointed. with socii of equal length, gnathos strong, pointed, harpe rounded, with small serrated fold on the sacculus, penis pestillate. Somewhat resembling those of the Hemithea-group, but this hardly indicates a really near relationship. Ecc. — Flattened, canary vellow — scarcely described. LaRva. — Moderately long, somewhat attenuated anteriorly, segmentation distinct. Head rather small, slightly bilobed, the lobes rounded, prothorax and metathorax strongly keeled, prothorax with four small dorsal protuberances, first to fifth abdominal segments and eighth abdominal each with a single pyramidal one, spiracles small, rounded (Milliére, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon (n. s.), Vol. 15, p. 208, 1:592 St 9 NIE StotL- VIOTSES NDEESO PupA. — Rather obtuse, smooth, green, in slight web among the foodplant, EuAorbia (Milliere, loc 61t)- 1) Mixocera (Thel!ycera) xanthostephana, nov. Sp. — 7, ^o mm. Fnce and. palpus red, the latter shorter than diameter of eye. Antenna ochreous, spotted with red above. Head bright yellow ochre, marked with red behind eye and below. Thorax above green, narrowly ochreous in front. Legs mostly reddish, hind- and part of mid-femur pale. Abdomen whitish. Forewing with costa slightly arched, termen slightly more oblique than in most of the species; delicate blue-green, costa narrowly pale ochreous, an oblique ochreous-whitish line from inner margin at beyond two-thirds, running towards apex, terminating at R! (in the type) or at SC! (co-type); fringe green proximally, white distally. Hindwing white, terminal one-fourth shaded with pale green; fringe pale green proximally, white distally. Underside of forewing slightly paler, the whitish line present; of hindwing more uniformly greenish-tinged. Barberton, l'ransvaal, 19 December, 1910 (type) and 31 December, 19ro (co-type), collected by Mr. A. JT. Janse, the former in his collection, the latter in coll. L. B. Prout, kindly presented by the captor. Distinguished from the preceding species, apart from larger size and brighter coloration, by the more oblique course of the postmedian line, which, moreover, is more slender. A G from Mulema, Uganda, May, 1903 (W. L. Doggett). in coll. Brit. Mus., appears to be referable to xaz£Aostegzana, though faded, and has the line still more slender. We have seen other specimens from scattered localities, in more or less imperfect condition, which certainly belong to this section, but it would he premature to decide whether we have to deal with a number of very close allies or one or two variable species. In any case the details of venation will not assist determination, for in the type of xantAtostepAaza SC! of forewing anastomoses with C and M* is connate with R3, while in.the co-type SC! is free and M! just separate, and we have observed similar variations in other pairs of examples which are equally certainly conspecific. The Uganda cf agrees in venation with the co-type. 2) Mixocera (Thelycera) viridans, nov. sp. — & 9,2021 mm. Face and palpus deep red, palpus in c shorter than, in Q about as long as diameter of eye. Head and front of thorax ochreous. Thorax and abdomen yreen above, the latter paling off to whitish anally. Fore-and middle-legs red, on outer side whitish; hindleg mostly whitish, the femur marked with red, the spurs ferruginous; aslight pencil and process; tarsus short. Forewing strongly blue-green, with costa (to SC) pale ochreous; a moderately broad, slightly oblique pale ochreous line from beneath costa near apex to inner margin at about three-fourths. Hindwing concolorous, with a similar line, which runs almost straight from costa near apex to inner margin at about three-fourths, becoming somewhat more attenuated towards the latter. Underside tle same, only slightly paler, costal area of forewing more mixed with green. Enkeldoorn District, Mashonaland (Miss E. S. Youngs) type OG; Salisbury, Mashonaland, 27 November, 1897 (G. A. K. Marshall), discoloured c ; Natal,a Q presented by Dr. A. J. Turner; all in coll. Brit. Mus. Durban, Natal (E. A. Bacot), a 9 in coll. L. B. Prout. The type specimen has unfortunately lost both antennz, but the Salisbury G and the two 29 show the structure of the subgenus 74Ae/ycera. In all four examples SC! and R! of the forewing arise close together either from the angle of the cell or the base of the stalk of SC?5; D? varies slightly in obliqueness, and M! from connate to very shortly stalked. The concolorous hindwing separates this species readily from the two preceding. 3) Shape of both wings quite different in sz»onyr and xzfociliaria, being narrow, hindwing not concolorous with forewing. These will perhaps form distinct genera, FAM. GEOMET RIDZE Type of the genus : Zucrostes indigenata (De Villers) — PAalaena Geometra indigenata, De Villers — Eucrostes fimbriolaria, Hübner (1826:). Geographical distribution of species. — S. Europe, Africa, S. India, N. Australia, W. Indies. A curiously scattered genus, but chietly African. 1, E. indigenata (De Villers). Phalaena Geometra indigenata, De Villers, Linn. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 383 (1789). Geometra fimbriolaria, Hübner, Samml. Eur. Schmett. Geom. t. gr, f. 468 (1818 ?). Eucrostes fimbriolaria, Hübner, Verz. bek Schmett. p. 283 (1826 ?). Fidonia indigenaria, Treitschke, Schmett. Eur. Vol. 6 (1), p. 269 (1827). Hoemithea indigenarta, Boisduval, Gen. et Ind. Meth. Eur. Lep. p. 181 (1840). Phalena virginalis, Costa, Cat. p- [15]. f. 1 (1840 ?). Chlorochroma indigenaria, Duponchel, Cat. Méth. Lép. Eur. p. 224 (1845). Eucrostis indigenata, Lederer, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ver. Wien, Vol.3, p. 172(1853). Eucrostis indigenaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 367 (1558). Eucrostis nudilimbaria, Mabille, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (5), Vol. 9, p. 155 (1879) (var. vel ab. ?). 2. E. rufociliaria, Herrich Schátfer (huj. gen. ?). Eucrostis rufociliaria, Herrich-Scháffer, Samml. Aussereur. Schmett. Vo]. r, t. 61, f. 345 (1855); p. 62 (1856). ? Microloxia roseata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. Lep. Napoli, in Dizion. Univ. Agric. 385 (nov. syn.). 3. E. dominicaria, Guenée. Eucrostis dominicaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 367 (1858). Syuchlora dominicaria, Hulst, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 23, p. 315 (1596). 4. E. disparata, Walker. Eucrostis disparata, Nalker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 567 (1861). Geometra parvulata, Walker, ibidem, Vol. 26, p. 1555 (1862). 5. E. albicornaria, Mabille (prac. var. vel syn. ?). Eucrostis albicornaria, Mabille, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (5), Vol. 9, p. 155(1879); Saalmüller, Lep. Madag. (2). p. 494. t. 14, f. 273 (1891) 1). 6. E. beatifical 1 (Walker). Geometra beatificata, Walker, List Lep. Ens. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1554 (1862). Eucrostes beatificata, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 549 (1904). . E. iocentra, Meyrick. Eucrostis iocentra, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, p. 868 (1888), Iodis barnardae, Lucas, ibidem, Vol. 6, p. 293 (1891) (nov. syn.j. MI Eucrostes nanula, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 211 (1897) (nov. syn.). 8. E. simonyi, Rebel (huj. gen. ?). Eucrostis simonyr, Rebel, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, Vol. 9, p. 67 (1894). Omphacodes divincta, Holt White, Butt. and Moths Teneriffe, p. 86, t. 4, f. 7 (1894) (nec Walker). M icroloxia (?) pallida, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 390 (1897) (nov. syn.). 9. E. rubridisca, Warren (ead. ac albicornaria, Mabille?). Eucrostes rubridisca, Narren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 38 (1897). 10. E. rufocellata, Mabille (huj. gen. ?). Eucrostes rufocellata, Mabille, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 68, p. 741 (1900). 1r. E. innotata, Warren (huj. gen.?) 2). Eucrostes innotata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 8, p. 205 (19or). 12. E. rhodophthalma, nov. sp. 3), Prout. or) derostis albicornaria on the legend to plate. and N. Syria. Spain Africa to Cape. W. Indies, Florida. Bombay to Ceylon, ? Aden. Madagascar, S. Africa. Sierra Leone. Queensland. Canary Islands, ? N. Africa. E. and W. Africa. Madagascar. Portuguese W. Africa. Cape. 2) Agrees in most characters with Zwcrosíes, but M! of hindwing is not stalked. The hindlegs are lost. We know only the type specimen. 3 €ucrostes rhodophthalma, nov. sp. — OQ,22 mm. Face crimson. Palpus crimson, pale beneath, third joint long. Antennal shaft whitish, pectinations short. Vertex broadly white, occiput green. Thorax and abdomen green above (damaged). Thorax beneath, and upper side of fore- and middle-legs reddish. Wings bright green, slightly more bluish than in zzZigenata, etc. Forewing with costal edge broadly white, only at extreme base green and at extreme apex narrowly marked with rosy (in continuation of the terminal line); a pale sinuous postmedian line at two-thirds faintly indicated discal spot rather large, rose-colour, narrowly surrounded with white; terminal line fine, dark, tinged with crimson; a small white, rosy-margined terminal spot between M?and SM?; fringe rosy. Hindwing similar, the discal spot considerably larger, termen with a series of the white, rosy-margined spots between the veins, though all except the tornal one very small. Underside much paler, costal half of forewing flushed with red. Cape of Good Hope, probably Transkei presented by Miss F. Barrett). Type in coll. Brit. Mus. A typical Escrostes in all respects, except tbat the palpus is longer than usual. 246 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 13. E. insularis, nov. sp, 1), Prout Sokotra. N'emoria directa, Hampson, Nat. Hist. Sokotra, p. 333 (1903) (nec Walker). 199. GENUS ALLOCHROSTES, NOV. GEN., PROUT Allochrostes, nov. gen., Prout. Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus short, second joint rough-sca'ed beneath, third joint in both sexes quite small, in 9 slightly longer than in g'. Tongue slender. Antenna scarcely over one-half, in gf bipectinate almost to apex, with long, shortening branches, the few last being mere serrations; in Q similarly bipectinate, but with shorter branches. Pectus hairy. Femora slightly hairy. Hindtibia in Cf not dilated, in both sexes with a single pair of long spurs. Abdomen with dorsal pattern, but not crested. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex moderate, termen slightly curved, oblique, cell almost one-half, DC? curved, oblique posteriorly, SC! from cell, running into C, which is far removed from SC?5, SC? normal. R! short-stalked or separate, M! separate; hindwing rather long. apex and termen well rounded, cell nearly one-half, DC? somewhat incurved anteriorly, C anastomosing to near end of cell, SC? stalked, R? scarcely above middle, M! separate. Early stages unknown. Related to Eucrostes, differing in the very strong anastomosis of vein C of hindwing and several less essential characters. From Xenochlorodes it differs in the rough-scaled palpus, the venation, etc., as well as in the scheme of pattern. Tyne of the genus : A/lochrostes saliata (Felder) — Racheospila saliata, Felder. Geographical distribution of species. — .i:thiopian. 1. A. saliata (Felder). Natal to E. Africa, Sierra Racheospila saliata, Felder, Reise Novara, Lep. Het. t. 127, f. 36 (1875). Leone. Lastochlora saliata, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 593 (1894). Eucrostes impunctata, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 211 (1897) (nov. syn. ). Syndromodes rubridentata, Warren, ibidem, p. 213 (1897). Heterovrachis (?) sabiata, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 5, p. 235 (1598). Syndromodes sabiata, Swinhoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 543 (1904). 200. GENUS XENOCHLORODES, WARREN Xenochlorodes. Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 47 (1897). Characters, — Face smooth. Palpus very small, slender, second joint smooth-scaled, third joint minute. Tongue slender. Antenna in c bipectinate to near apex, with long branches, apical extremity nearly simple; in Q serrate or subserrate. Pectus and femora glabrous. Hindtibia in both sexes with 1) Eucrostes insularis, nov. sp. — ? Q, 12-16 mm. Face red. Palpus in (c very short, in Q with second and third joints elongate ; ochreous, marked with red above and on outer side. Vertex broadly white, occiput narrowly green. Antennal shaft pure white at base, becoming ochreous- tinted; 9 with moderate pectinations, Q merely subserrate. Thorax and abdomen green above, whitish beneath and at anal extremity. Wings bright green, costal edge of forewing snow-white nearly to apex, margined by a yellowish (or yellow-green) subcostal streak to apex; each wing with a very small brown-red discal dot, and a very indistinct (sometimes almost ohsolete) whitish postmedian line, gently outcurved distally to cell and incurved posteriorly : fringes ample, concolorous proximally, paler and with a distinct red flush dlstally. Underside much paler, costa of forewing broadly red, and the entire costal half (or more) of the wing more or les suffused with that colour. Jena-agahan, 1200 feet, 6 January, 1899 (type &) *); Adho Dimellus, 3500 feet, 2 Februari i899 (Q); Hadibu Plain, rr December, 1898 (3), 14 December, 1898 (2 Q); all in coll. Brit. Mus. Differs from ruóridisca, Warren, in the absence of red terminal line, and in the non-pectinate Q antenna. The two sexes show greater disparity in length of palpus than is usual in this genus, each being at the extreme in its own direction. ) Recorded in the JVu?. Hist. So&oira, no doubt by a misprint, as Q. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 247 terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested. Forewing with costa slightly arched, apex moderate, termen oblique, slightly curved, cell about one-half, DC incurved, often very deeply, SC! very short-stalked with SC?^ (or connate, or closely approximated), anastomosing with or running into C, SC? normal, anastomosing with or running into SC! (or C), R! stalked, M! short-stalked (or in uubigena connate); hind- wing with apex rounded, termen smooth, more or less rounded, tornus squared, cell short, DC? shortly inbent anteriorly, then slightly or moderately oblique, C anastomosing to near end of cell, SC? long- stalked, R? from scarcely or only quite moderately above middle of MC, M! short-stalked. LaRva. — Moderate, head small with two small points, retracted under prothorax, prothorax high, strongly bifid, body with lateral flange, no humps, anal flap ending in sharp point, spiracles rather prominent. On. PZillyrea (Hofmann. Raupen Grossschmett. Eur. p. 160, beryllaria). Milliére once found a larva on olive (Zcon. Vol. 3, p. 462.) Pura. — Green (not described), in slight cocoon among food-plant. Type of the genus : Xeuochlorodes olympiaría (Herrich-Scháffer) — Geometra olympiaria, Herrich- Scháffer — Xenochlorodes pallida, Warren (1897). Geographical distribution of species. — S. W. Palcarctic, to Syria. I. X. olympiaria (Herrich-Scháffer). Asia Minor, Syria. Geometra (Eucrostis) olympiaria, Herrich-Schàffer, Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. Vol. 3, t. 87, f. 539 (1851); p. 63 (1852). Eucrostis olympiaria, Herrich-Scháffer, ibidem, Index, p. 21 (1855). Nemoria (?) olympiaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 350 (1858). Eucrostis olymptaria, var. cremonaria, Staudinger, lris, Vol. 10, p. 1 (1897) (ab. ?). Xenochlorodes pallida, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 47 (1897) (nov. syn.). 2. X. beryllaria (Mann). S. E. France to Syria, Geometra beryllaria, Mann, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ver. Wien, Vol. 3, p. 76 (1853). N. Africa. Eucrostis beryllaria, Lederer, ibidem, p. 172 (1853). Nenmorta beryllaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 348 (1858). Nemoria aureliaría, Milliére,$Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon (n. s.), Vol. 15. p. 189, t. 81, f. 1-5 (1868). 3. X. nubigena (Wollaston). Madeira, Hemithea nubigena, Wollaston, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), Vol. 1, p. 118 (1558). Nemoria nubigena, Baker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 212 (1891). M icroloxia nubigena, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12. p. 441 (1905). Hemithea ericetorum, Wollaston, MS. (in coll. Brit. Mus.). 19 201. GENUS MIXEOPHANES, NOV. GEN., PROUT Mixeophanes, nov. gen. Prout, Characters. — Face smooth. Palpus in Q quite short, terminal joint small (cf unknown). Antenna in Q bipectinate. Hindtibia with terminal spurs only. Abdomen not crested. Forewing rather narrow, costa almost straight, termen rather strongly oblique, cell just over one-half, SC! from cell, running into C, SC? normal; hindwing rather narrow, termen smooth, rounded, angles not pronounced, cell rather long, DC nearly vertical, C anastomosing to near end of cell, SC? long-stalked, R? from about the middle of DC. Early stages unknown. We have drawn the above characters from notes made on a hurried examination of Warren's type. It is altogether anomalous, and cannot be placed in any existing genus. The aspect is Acidaliid, 248 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA and R? of the hindwing is virtually as in that subfamily. from which, however, the venation of both wings separates it radically. Unless it be a development of Xenochlorodes, in which also R*? is often nearly central, but which has the normal broad wings of the Femiteinae, its origin is entirely enigmatical. Type of the genus : Mixeophanes dissimilis (Warren) — Euchloris dissimilis, Warren. Geographical distribution of species. — ^udan. 1. M. dissimilis (Warren & Rothschild). Sudan to Sinai. Euchloris dissimilis, Warren & Rothschild, Novit. Zool. Vol. 12, p. 26, t. 4. f. 27 (1905). Ewcrostes desevtoríia, Rebel, Verh. Nat. Ver. Karlsruhe, Vol. 21, p. 137 (1909) (nov. syn. J. SPECIES INCERTZE SEDIS Phalaena exspectata, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 636 (1775) 1). Asia. Phaleana monilaría, Fabricius, Gen. Ins. p. 285 (1777) (huj. subfam.?). India. Phalaena Geometra viridana, Stoll, in Cramer, Pap. Exot. Vol. 4, p. 126. 252, Surinam. t. 355, f. G (1781) — Leptographa [Hübner, 1826 ?] conviridaria, Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 284 (1826?) — Comibaena (?) viridana, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 605 (1861) 2). Leptographa scriplaría, Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 284 (1826?) — PAa- Cape. laena Geometra viridaria, Stoll, Suppl. Pap. Exot. Cramer, p. 146, 184 (in. err. 384], t. 32, f. 5 (1790) (nec Fabricius, 1775) — Comibaena (?) viridaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 22, p. 605 (1861)3). Geomet ya (IN emoria) venustaria, Hevrich-Scháffer, Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Eur. Loc. ignot. Vol. 3, p. 9 (1846) 4). Geometra subtinctaría, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. 9. p. 345 (1858) 5). ? Australia. Amaurinia oleraría, Guenée, ibidem, p. 385 (1858) (huj. subfam. 7). Borneo. Thalassodes strigigera, Wallengren, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. Vol. 4, p. 175 Sydney (Australia). (1860) — Hemithea strigigera, Wallengren, Eugen. Resa, Lep. p. 379 (1861). . Hypochroma paratorna, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 2, ' S. Australia. p. 906 (1888) 6). T halassodes virescentaria, Maassen, Stübels Reisen, Lep. p. 160, t. 8, f. r1 Bolivia. (1890) 7) Phorodesma latimarginaria, Maassen, ibidem, f. 12 (1890). Peru. Iodis multitincla, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.'S, Wales (2), Vol. 6, p. 295 (1891). Hypochroma diffundens, Lucas, ibidem, p. 298 (1891) (huj. subfam. ?). Queensland. H ypochroma eugramma, Lower, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 15, p. t4. S. Australia. (1892) (huj. subfam.?). Iodis nitida, Lucas, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), Vol. 7, p. 252(1892). Queensland. N'emoria chlorinaria, Mabille, Aun. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 66, p. 230 (1897). Madagascar. Nemoria viridellaria, Mabille, ibidem, p. 23: (1897). Mauritius. 1) Referred to. Ewcrostes indigenata by Treitschke (impossible on account of « seticornis ») to UZfocnemis cassidara with query by Guenée; may be a Q Comibaena or PyrrAorachis. 2) Possibly a. RacAt ospita (Blechroma) or a. Dryadossis; might even be a crude figure of D. 5w/veraria (Schaus). 3| We select this as the type of the genus Ze&fograó/Za, Hübner, contingent on the rediscovery of the species, which appears quite recognizably figured 4) Possibly a. A'acAeospila. 5) M. P. Thierry-Mieg has seen Guenée's type, and kindly sent us some notes, but does not recognize the species, which he compares to an Zod?s, sens. lat. (? CA/orocoma or Kuloxia); the hindwing is »o/ white, but body and wings are badly discoloured by moisture. 6) See our note under Sferzcfofsis inconsequens, supra, p. 24. 7) The figure somewhat suggests the build of -4zompAax. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 249 N'emoria aequaria, Mabille, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 66, p. 23r (1897). Comoro Island and Mada- AXenochlaena [Lower, r903] forbhyropa (Lower) — Arrhodia porphyropa, New South Wales. [vascar. Lower, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 23. p. 42 (1898) — JXenochlaena porphyrobis, Lower, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 27, p. 192 (1903) (huj. subfam. ?). Hyfpochroma conspurcata, Lucas, Proc. Roy. Soc. Oueensl. Vol. 13, p. 68 Queensland. (1898). Hydata (?) dubia, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 6, p. 24 (1899) r). Niger Coast. Leucoglyphica (?) fasciata, Warren, ibidem, p. 25 (1899) 2). Niger Coast. Phorodesma hemistrigata, Mabille, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 68, p. 740(1900). Madagascar. Hoemithea dentata, Mabille, ibidem, p. 740 (1900) 3). ? Madagascar. Eucrostis lilliputaria, Mabille, ibidem, p. 741 (1900). Madagascar. Melochlora bapuensis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. r4, p. 134 (1907). British New Guinea. Tachyphyle convergens, Warren, ibidem, p. 136 (1907) 4). British New Guinea. NorE. — Phyle (?) banakaría, Plótz, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 4r, p. 3o2 (1880), from W. Africa, is referred by Swinhoe (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1904, p. 586) to the Hemitheinae, but is clearly the same species as Omiza tortuosa, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4. p. 258; some other species entered under the Hemitheinae by Swinhoe in the same place have certainly no connection therewith — Crysocrasfeda, Chrysolene (two species) and Gynmopteryx rubedinaria (Mabille, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1890, not « Moesch., loc. cit. »). Hyloplula buddhae, Alphéraky, Roman. Mém. Lép. Vol. 9, p. 132, t. 9, f. 8 (1897). from Szechuan, has much more the aspect of a Hemitheine than of a HylofAtla, but is entirely unknown to us. The following genera also do not belong to the Hemtheinae : Dithecodes, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 7, p. 102. Belongs to the Acidaliinae. Neonemorta, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 1r, p. 23. Belongs to the Acidaliinae. Prasinoscia, Warren, ibidem, Vol. r2, p. 318. Belongs to the Laventiinae (section Astheninae of Warren). * x * In conclusion we have to thank the many who have with information, advice. the loan of specimens, or in any other way assisted us in the arduous work of this revision. Almost all those entomologists whose valued help we acknowledged in our revision of the QZnochrominae have placed us under still further obligations by their continued coóperation; while many others, notably Herr Rudolf Püngeler, MM. Charles Oberthür and P. 'T"hierry-Mieg, Messrs. Richard F. Pearsall, John A. Grossbeck and F. N. Pierce, have come forward with assistance which we could ill have dispensed with. To the last-named in particular, with the Rev. C. R. N. Burrows, we are very deeply indebted for their laborious investigations of many of the genitalia, undertaken at very short notice and at considerable personal inconvenience. The free use which we have made of the masterly work of Dr. A. J. Turner has already been acknowledged above. ri) We have seen Warren's type (a Q), but failed to refer it to any known genus; probably it is nov. gen. In the forewing SC* is from cell, anastomosing strongly with C, SC? from stalk of SC?5, anastomosing strongly with SC!, from a point with C; hindwing with C anastomosing at à point with cell; all spurs present; see also Warren's notes. Perhaps related to the Diplodesiia-group, or to Lamóorzta. 2) TIhis specimen (9) also we have seen, but not closely studied. See Warren's notes on structure. 3) Perhaps near to Ge/asr:a (?) cowan£, Butler, or — as Mabille says — to /Teferocrifta (?) cénctzía, Saalmüller. 4) Ot this and the preceding species we have also seen Warren's types only, and have not been able to arrive at a satisfactory decision as to their probable affinities. The former (Zagzensis) is perbaps a Ge/asma, but with the frenulum tending towards obsolescence; it looks near suéaugzuafa, Warren. ZacAhypAyle convergens will probably prove to form a new genus, distinguished from Prasi»ocyma not only by its shape, but by having the cells of both wings very short — that of hindwing not quite one-third. 250 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA During the progress of the work through the press, a few small errors and omissions have been discovered which it is desirable to rectify. There are also one species and two or three synonyms to add which had by accident been dropped out of our MS., and some recently described or recently discovered species to enter, in order to bring the work up to date. Page 13 : Pingasa. The larva and pupa of P. dispensata, Walker, were figured by Forsayeth from Mhow, Tvans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884, p. 416, t. 14, f. 12, 12a, and show the larva of Pizgasa to be much more closely related to Pseudoterbna than we had gathered from the other (less satisfactory) figures. It has quite the outline, pose and even coloration of P. fruinata, and the head « bi&d when viewed from above and behind ». Feeds on Zizyphus jujuba. Pupa brown, with darker wing-cases. Page 32, insert : 16a. P. sapungkanana (Strand) (prac. var.?). Sumatra, Borneo, Singa- Pseudoterpna sapungkanana, Strand, Iris, Vol. 23, p. 204 (1910). pore, ? India. Page 38 : Terpna (Hypobapta). The larva and pupa of fercomptaria are described by Rainbow, Rec. Austral. Mus. Vol. 3 (4), p. 81r, t. 18, f. 1-14. The larva feeds on Eucalyftus Piperita and resembles a folded leaf. It is sage-green, thickened in middle, tapering equally to head and anus, the two extremities looking very much alike; head curiously elongate, bifid, anal extremity elongate, chitinous, bifurcate. Pupa of the normal form, attached by the anal extremity and by a central girth, as in the genera of the Cosymbia (— Zonosoma) group (subfam. Acidaliinae). We know of no near relative of this larva, but believe we have heard that that of Cryfsiphona ocultaría shows direct affinity with it. The pupal habit, if not an accident in the individual observed, is extremely remarkable. Page 47 : I. P. pruinata (Hufnagel). Add to the synonymy : Aspilates atropunctaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. Vol. 26, p. 1673 (1862) 1). [Pseudoterpna] renovata, Walker, MS.. in coll, Oxford Mus. Page 47, insert : 1a. P. simplex, Alphéraky (bon. sp. certoj. N. W. China. Pseudoterpna pruinata var. simplex, Alphéraky, Roman. Mém. Lép. Vol. 6, p. 54 (1892). Page 51, insert : 9a. D. trauslucida (Montrouzier). Woodlark Island. Hazis trauslucida, Montrouzier, Ann. Soc. Agric. Lyon (2). Vol. 8, p. 409 (1856). Page 65, insert : 4. C. taiwana (Wileman) 2). Formosa. Episopthalma taiwana, Wileman, The Entomologist, Vol. 44, p. 207 (roit). Page 75 : Dioscore. We have recently seen a Q, belonging to fulguraía, homoeotes, or a close ally. OQ palpus with third joint elongate, antenna not pectinate, frenulum not discoverable. It is possible that, 1r) The locality given (East Florida) is certainly erroneous. The type specimen, though rather small and worn, is perfectly recognizable, and not only the genus, but even the entire group to which it belongs is wanting in the New World. 2) Must form a new section of CA/orodonfopera : C antenna simple. By our Key it would fall into Dooabia, as we aichotomized (for sim- plicity, as was at the time believed) by the & antenna; but is in every detail a C/orodontofera. As now understood, C/Zorodontopera can be separated from all allies by the sxozgy and irregularly dentate termen of both wings, with s£roxg excision between R! and ,R? of hindwing: from most also by the less elongate third joint of O palpus, exceptionally strong Q frenulum and double anastomosis of SC! of the forewing. With this genus eliminated our Key will still hold. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 251 notwithstanding the very strong. c frenulum, we have placed this genus somewhat too far back in the evolutionary scale, and that it may be nearer the stage of development of the CArysochloroma-T halassodeg group than of Hipparchus. Page 75, insert : 6. D. puntifimbria (Warren). British and Dutch New Hemistola (?) punctifmbria, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 1o, p. 358 (1903). Guinea. Page 81 : 28. A. batis (Warren). According to the venation this should apparently be transferred to the genus Oxychora; the Q. frenulum and some other characters still require investigation. Possibly some others of the species which have been referred to the genus Aztisozyga will need reconsidering. Page 84, insert : Ia. C. infracta (Wileman). Japan. Thalassodes infracta, Nileman, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p.342,t. 3o, f. 16 (1911). Page roo : 20. C. diluta (Warren). Add to te synonymy : T'halera ingrata, Wileman, Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 343 (1911) (nov. syn.). Page 107, insert : 54a. R. modesta, (Dognin). Mexico. Miantonota modesta, Dognin, Hét. Nouv. Amér. Sud (3), p. 22 (1911). Page 108, insert : 72a. R. nigribes (Dognin) r1). Colombia. Prasinocyma (?) nigripes, Dognin, Hét. Nouv, Amér. Sud (3), p- 23 (1911). Page rro, insert : 102a. K. magnaria, Bastelberger. Mexico. TUcheospila magnaria, Bastelberger, Intern. Ent. Zeit. Guben, Vol. 5, p. 148 (I9II). Page 124, insert : 29. P. nigromarginata, Dognin. Colombia. Phrudocentra (1) nigromarginata, Dognin, Hét. Nouv. Amér.Sud (4).p. 6(1911). Page 127: 1. D. iridaria (Guenée). Add to the synonymy : ? Phalaena Geometra albolinearia, Martyn (MS.), Psyche, t. 28, f. 80 (1797). Page r3r, insert : 16. A. mula (Dognin). French Guiana. Racheolopha imula, Dognin, Hét. Nouv. Amér. Sud (3), p- 23 (1911). Page 158 : 40. P.(?) absimilis (Warren). Is perhaps a small Dioscore. Page 158 : 40. P.(?) Punctifimbria (Warren). Belongs to the genus Dioscore, see supra. Page 158 : 53. P. mistifimbria, Prout. Delete the proposed new name, which is unnecessary. The last-mentioned functifinbria (n? 46) proving to be a Dioscore, the present species can stand as Pvasinocyma punctifimbria (Warren). 1) The structure. according to a specimen kindly lent us by M. Dognin, agrees entirely with that of vemiZimeafa, and strengthens our suspicion (p. 103) that this group will prove susceptible of generic separation. 252 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Page 159. insert : 72. P. (?) caeruleotincta, nov. sp. :), Prout. New Guinea. Page 16r, insert : 3. O. (?) batis (Warren). British New Guinea. Anisogamia batis, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 13, p. 78 (1906). Page 174, insert : 12a. C. Plana (Wileman). Japan. Nemoria plana, Wileman, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 340 (1011). Page 182 : 4. N. atridisca (Warren). Must be transferred to Lof/ostola, see infra. Page 185, insert : 5a. D. eluta (Wileman). Japan. Hoemithea eluta, Wileman, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 337 (1011). Page 195, insert : 6a. O. shorti, nov. sp. 2), Prout. S. Rhodesia. Page 201, insert : 8a. M. rhoisaria (Chrétien) (huj. sen. ?) 3). Algeria. Eucrostes (?) rhoisaria, Chrétien, Le Naturaliste, Vol. 31, p. 3o (1909). Page 229 : LopAostola. The study of a pair of examples of « Hemitlea » atridisca, Warren, which we tentatively placed (p. 182 supra) in Neromta, satisfies us that it is quite nearly related to anuuligera, Swinhoe, the type of Lofhostola, differing little except in its rather smoother wing-margins. The well- developed abdominal crests, long Q palpus and absence of c frenulum separate it essentially from Neromia. On the strength of this generic union, we are able to confirm the placing of LofAostola 1n Group VI, and to complete our diagnosis thus : hindtibia in both sexes with terminal spurs only. Page 229, insert : 2. L. atridisca (Warren). Natal. Hemithea atridisca, Warren, Novit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 40 (1897). Nemoria atridisca, Warren, ibidem, Vol. 5, p. 235 (1898). Page 244 : 6. M. xanthostephana. A Q from Nakutu, British E. Africa. 8 May, r911 (H. A. Badeker), recently presented to the British Museum by the African Entomological Research Committee, agrees well with the Transvaal examples of this species, although having the postmedian line slender and slightly less oblique. 1) Prasinocyma (?) ceeruleotincta, nov. sp. — 2, 2; mm. Face olive-fuscous, narrowly white below. Palpus with second joint stout, third joint quite moderate; olive-brown, first joint and base of second white beneath. Vertex and base of antenna white. Body white, thorax tinged with green-blue above. Forewing broad, SC! connate, anastomosing strongly with C, SC? normal, anastomosing strongly with SC!, R! well separate, M! nearly connate ; rather thinly scaled, delicate blue (nearly as in the genus Derxexa, but slightly more greenish], costa bright ochreous, lines consisting of large grey-black spots at costa and on veins, antemedian from about one-fourth costa, rather straight, postmedian from costa before two-thirds, strongly outcurved; cell spot large, black; some minute grey dots at termen. Hindwing elbowed at R?, cell short, DC? rather oblique outwards, DC? incurved, C approximated to cell at little more than a point, rapidly diverging, R? from near R!, M! rather longer-stalked than SC?; marked like forewing, but without the first line. Underside almost concolorous with upper, unmarked. Mimika River, New Guinea, July, roro (A. F. R. Wollaston). Type in coll. Brit. Mus. A very distinct species. 2) Omphax shorti, nov. sp. — c, 32 mm. Face pale ochreous, reddish above. Palpus very minute, but rough-scaled, reddish, dark- marked. Vertex, antenna and front of thorax pale ochreous; thorax and first segment of abdomen dorsally green. abdomen otherwise white, with strongly developed white crests on second. third and fourth segments. Wings above bright green. Forewing with costal margin for a breadth of about r mm. creamy white, the extreme edge ochreous; distal margin the same, broadening into a small blotch anally and extending a llttle way along inner margin, traversed throughout by a thick pale ochreous line which likewise broadens anally; terminal line fine, brighter ochreous, extending along inner margin as far as does the blotch; fringe ochreous whitish. Hindwing similar, the costal margin broader and whiter, not ochreous edged, the distal broadening slightly towards apex, the extension along inner margin very narrow, but reaching nearly to base, not ochreous-edged. Under- side whitish green, with all the margins whitish ochreous, not sharply defined. Selukwe, S. Rhodesia, 20.27 October, roro (F. W. Short). Type in coll. L. B. Prout. Not quite a typical O»:sZax, the crests being as in Ce/idom/ax, while the pattern strongly recalls HaycoZsodes acoelopa ; but the rest of the characters are typical. The antenna is thick, vein SC! ol forewing free. We have great pleasure in dedicating this lovely species to Mr. F. W. Short, B. Sc., F. I. E., of Selukwe, to whom we owe its discovery and by whose generosity it now stands in our collection. 3) The description given would rather suggest a close ally of CA/or?ssa ulmentaria and faustinata. The cj is not known, and the Q tibial armature was not noted. Bred from A/us oxyacatAa. FAM. GEOMETRID/E 253 Page 247 : Mixeophanes. We have now seen the cf, and have been able to give more study to the characters of this interesting genus. Tongue wanting. Antenna short, in cf bipectinate, with rather well- separated branches, in part rather long, but shortening rapidly, apical part merely subserrate. Pectus and femora glabrous. Hindtibia in c not dilated. Forewing with M! separate, hindwing with M! about connate; fringes long. Page 248-249 : The following must be added to the list of « Species incertae sedis » : Hemithea squalidaria, Costa, Faun. Regn. Napoli, Lep Geom. p. 17, t. 2, Italy. f. 4 (1848) (vix huj. subfam.) 1). Phorodesma graminaria, Kollar, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat. S. Persia. Classe, Vol. r, p. 51 (1850) [Phoradesma on p. 53] 2). Euchloris ochrella, Strand, Ent. Rundschau, Vol. 26, p. 108 (1909). German E. Africa. In order to secure priority, in the unavoidable delay between describing and publishing in the present work, preliminary diagnoses in outline were inserted in Te Entomologist's Record, Vol. 23, p. 267, October, 1911, of the following New Guinea species and subspecies : Agathia diversilinea ampla, Prout. Ent. Record, Vol. 23, p. 267; Gen. Ius. Geom. subfam. Hemitheinae, p339* Anisozyga polyleucotes, Prout, ibidem ; Gen. Ius. Dpa82. Anisozyga diazeuxis, Prout, ibidem ; Gen. Ins. pa9S. Gelasma atrapophanes, Prout, ibidem ; Gen. Ins. p. 149. Dioscore homocotes, Prout, ibidem ; Gen. Ins. p. 75. 1) But for Costa's express statement that the palpus distinguishes it from JMefrocazpa (sens lat.), we should have been inclined to deter- mine it as a form or near ally of E/lojza Brosajfiaria (Linnm.). 2) Probably a. /cAZoris, allied to szsaragdaría, with which Kollar compares it. Or account of this comparison, the size-indication, etc., it does not seem possible that this can be the « gramznaria, Kollar, MS. » of Zeller (— AMrcroloxta Aeróaria). 254 Pages abrupta. Walk. (g. Dysphania) 52 Absala (subg.) Swinh. 38, 39 abscondita, Waxr. (g. Phrudocentra affinis ab.) 123 absimilis, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) 158, 251 absona, Warr. (g. Anisozyga) 81 abyssiniaria, Guen. (g. Prngasa) 32 acanthina, Meyr. (g. ZEolochroma) 36 acerces, Prout (g. Chloropteryx) 179 Acibdela (genus), Turn. 224 acoelopa, Prout (g. BatAycolpodes) — 141 Acollesis (genus), Warr. I5, 217, 219 acora, Dogn. (g. Racheospila) 104 Acroriha (genus), Warr. 5, 184, 185 233, 234 Actenochroma (genus), Warr. acte, Swinh. (g. Berta) 9. IO, 27, 208 aculeata, Hamps. (g. Gelasma) 147 acuta, Butl. (g. Tachyphyle) 120 acutangula, Warr. (g. Piugasa) 33 acutilunata, Warr. (g. Strepsichlora) 160 acutissima, Walk. (g. Gelasma) 147 adempta, Bast. (g. Dysphania) 52 adiposata, Feld. (g. EucAloris) 212 admirabilis, Ob. (g. JotapAora) 73 advolata, Eversm.(g. Mtrcroloxia her- baria var.) 3, 200 AEolochroma (genus), Prout aequaria, Mab. (g. Nemoria) 249 aerata, Fab. (g. Synchlora) II4 LI aeretincta, Warr. (g. PArudocentra) — 122 aeruginaria, Bork. (g. Hemistola) 227 aeruginaria, Schiff. (v. Iodis) 231 aeruginata, Warr. (g. TAalera) 216 aestivaria, Hübn. (g. Hemithea) 7, 169, 170 affinis, Warr. (g. PArudocentra) 122 afflictaria, Swinh. (y. CAlorissa) 172, 175 affluens, Bast. (e. Dysphania double- dayt ab.) 53 Afrena (genus), Hamps. 76 12. 957.4163 Agathiopsis (genus), Warr. 6, 14, 92 Agathia (genus), Guen. aggravaria, Guen. (g. Metacineta) 95 Aglossochloris (genus), Prout 4, 17, 9I, 212, 914 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA INDEX (The names in ilalics ave synonyms) Pages agorius, Boisd. (g. Hazis) 55 Agoschema (genus), Prout 6, 12, 56 Agraptochlora (genus), Warr. — 194 agrestaria, Dup. (g. Pseudoterpna) 47 alada, Dogn. (g. Hydata) 188 alba, Gillm. (g. Hipparchus papilio- naria ab.) 71 alba, Swinh. (g. Leucesthes) 225 alba, Swinh. (gz. Pingasa) 32 albaniensis, Prout (g. Chlorosterrha) 218 albannularia,Walk.(g.T'alassodes) 153 albaria. Grote (g. Nemoria) II2 albaria, Esp. (g. Thalera) 216 albescens, Prout (g. Dvsphiania) 53 albiangularia, Herr.-Sch.(g.Agathia) 58 albicatena, Warr. (g. Comibaena) 97, 98, 100 albiceps, Feld. (g. Chloromachia) 84 albiceps, Warr. (g. PArudocentra) — 122 albicinctaria, Walk. (g. Metallo- chlora) 165. 166 albicoma, Druce (g. Oosfila) 133 albicoma, Feld. (g. Oospila) 133 albicornaria, Mab. (g. Ewcrostes) 245 albicosta, Swinh. (g. Prasinocyma) — 157 albicosta, Walk. (g. Prasinocyma) 155, 157 albicostaria, Herr.-Sch. (g. Sya- chlora) I15 albidata, Warr. (g. CAhloropteryx) 179 albidentula, Hamps. /g. Iodis) I9, 231, 233 albifimbria, Warr. (g. Aisozvga) 81 albifimbria, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) 156 albifimbria, Warr. (g. Pyrrhorachis) 239 albifusa, Warr. (g. Anisozyga) 81 albifusa, Warr. (g. Gelasma) 148 albifusaria, Walk. (g. ZEolochroma) — 36 albiguttata, Warr. (gy. Euxena) 64 albilauta, Warr. (g. Anisozyga) 81 albilineata, Warr. (y. Racheospila) 105 albimacula, Waxrr. (g. Anisozyga) 81 albimacula, T h.-Mieg (g. DyspAania vemota ab.) 52 albimacula, Warr. (g. PArudocentra) 124 albimarginata, Warr. (g. Comibaena) 100 albimarginata, Warr. (g. Paragathia) 61 albimargo, Warr. (g. Mtxocera) 243 Pages albinata, Warr. (g. Anisozyga flavi- linea ab.) 82 albipicta, Warr. (g. Victoria) 85. 86 albiplaga, Warr. (g. Berta) 234 albipuncta, Warr. (g. Zodis) 233 albipuncta, Warr. (g. RAodochlora) — 79 albipunctata, Warr. (g. Argyrocosma) | 96 albipunctata, Warr. (g. Comibaena) 99 albipunctulata, Bast. (gz. Agathia) — 60 albipunctulata, Bast. (g. DvspAania numana var. ?) 5o albiradiata, Warr. (sg. Mixolofhia) 166, 167 albisparsa, Walk. (g. Chloromachia) 84 albisparsa, Warr. (g. Tachyphyle) I2I albiseriata, Warr. (g. Anisozyga) 81 albisticta, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) — 156 albistrigata, Warr. (g. Gelasma) 148 albistrigata, Pag. (g. Mixocera) 243 albistrigulata, Warr. (g. CAlorissa) — 174 albiviridis, Hamps. (g. Osteosema) 89 albociliaria, Druce (g. Racheospila) — 108 albociliaria, Herr.-Sch. (g. Raceo- spila) 103, 104 albocostaria, Brem. (sg. Euchloris) 3, 211 albolinearia, Mart. (g. Dichorda) 251 albolineata, Pag. (g. Metallochlora) — 165 albolineata, Pack. (g. Svuchora) 115 albomaculata, Hamps. (g. Thalassodes) 152 alboseriata, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 104 alboundulata, Hamps. (g. Hemithea) 170 alboundulata, Hed. (g. Hemithea aes- tivaria ab.) 170 albovenaria,Brem.(sg.H ipparchus) 70, 72 alboviridata, Saalm. (g. RAodesia) 203 alboviridis, Moore (g. Osteosema) 89 alexandraria, Prout (g. Hirerochtho- nia) 205 alinea, Burr, (gz. Euchlorts smaragda- ria ab.) 211 alliata, Hófn. (g. Iodis) 232 allineata, Warr. (g. TachypAyle) 120 Allochrostes (genus), Prout 17, 246 almaria, Guen. (g. Terpna) 39 alterata, Walk (g. Pingasa) 32 alternata, Warr. (g. Dichroma) 198 alternata, Warr. (g. Tanaorhinus) 69 amaura, Meyr. (9. Crypsifphona) 45 Pages ambigua, Butl. (g. Gelasma) 147 ambusta, Warr. (g. AuofAyllodes) 131 ametalla, Turn. (zr. Metallochlora) — 165 amethystina, Warr. (z. ZEolochroma) | 36 amoenaria, Ob. (e. Comibaena) 99 amphibola, "Turn. (g. Agathtopsis) 92 amphitritaria, Ob. (g. Henithea) 171 amphitritaria, Püng. (g Hemithea) — 171 ampla, Prout (g. Agathia diversi- linea, subsp.) 59, 253 ampla, Warr. (g. Prasinocyna) 156 amplificata, Walk. (g. Terpza) 39 amyclaria, Walk. (g. Cerzia) 47 analiplaga, Warr. (g. Celidomphax) 194 Anaplodes (genus), Pack. III andamana, Moore (g. DyspAhaniaj 52 andersonii, Moore (g. DyspAania) 53 angulata, Warr. (s. DyspAania dou- bledayi ab.) 53 angulata, Luc. (g. Gelasma) 147 3o, 33 angustimargo, Warr. (g. CAhlorodre- angulifera, Warr. (g. Pingasa) pana) 142 Anisodontodes genus), Warr. 63 Anisogamia (genus), Warr. 79 anisosotes, Prout (g. BatAycolpodes) 141 Anisozyga (genus), Prout 3, 12, 79, 84 Annemoria (genus). Pack, II4, II7. 221, 222 annulifera, Warr. (ig. odis) 232 annuligera, Warr. (g. Hemistola) 227 annuligera, Swinh. (s. LopAostola) 229, 252 anomala, Warr. (g. Chlorissa) 174 anomala, Warr. (e. OmfpAhax). 196 anomalaria, Móschl.(g.P/irudocentra) 124 anomoea, Turn. (g. Prasimocyma) 159 Anomphax(genus), Warr. 20, 222, 248 Anoplosceles (renus), Warr. 14, 171 ansorgei, Warr. (g. Archichlora 87 Antharmostes (genus), Warr. 15, 16, 143 aperta, Swinh. (g. Microloxía) 200 aphrias, Meyr. (g. Antsozyga) 8o apicalis, Moore (g. Terpna) 38, 41 apicata, Warr. (g. Comostolofsis) 238 apicata, Warr. (g. Omphax) 195 apicata, Schaus (g. ProAydata) 187 apicata, Warr. (s. SyacAlora) 116 apiciata, Schaus.(g Racheospila) 107 apicipicta, Prout (g. Comibaena) 97, 101 aplagaria, Dyar (g. Dichorda) 128 Afplodes (genus), Guen. 4, IIO FAM. GEOMETRIDZE Pages Apodasmia (genus), Turn. 9, 10, 47 Aporandria (genus), Warr. 12.177 appelaria, Pears (g. CAlorochlamys) 177 approximans, Warr. (g. CAloríssa) — 174 approximaria, Pack. (g. Nemoria III aquamarina, Hamps. (g. Hemithea; 171 Aracima (genus), Butl. 12, 65 Aracina (genus), Scudd. 65 araria, Guen. (g. Heterocrita) 138, 217 Archeeobalbis (renus,, Prout 6, 9, 24 Archaeopseustes (genus), Warr, 38 Archichlora (renus), Warr. LI. 12:986. Baz X37 4 arcualis, Westw. (g. Dichroma) 198 arcuata, Moore (rg. Agata) 58 arcuata, Bast. (g. Dysphazia numa- na ab.) 50 arenaria, Leech (sg. ZEolochroma) 38 ares, Weym. (sg. DyspAania) 55 argentataria, Leech (g. Comibaena) 97. IOO0 argenteofasciata, Weym. (e. Cally- thria) 198 argentifusa, Walk. (g. Tazaorhimus) 69 argocnemis, Meyr. (g. Euloxia) 224 argocrana, Meyr. (g. Iulops) 6, 213, 214 argosticta, Turn. (g. Argyrocosma) ^ 96 argutaria, Walk. (sg. odis) 232 argyraspis, Low. (g. Sterictopsis) 24 Argyrocosma (genus), Turn. 7. 14, I6, g1, 96 Argyrographa(genus), Prout 16, 198 arizonaria, Grote (g. Nemoria) II2 armoraciaria, Dup. (g. Pseudoterpna coronillaria ab.) 47 arpata, Schaus (g. Auophyllodes) 131 arycanda, Druce (g. Progonodes) 135 Asellodes (genus), Guen. 6 asemanta, Meyr. (g. CAlorocoma) IgI asmura, Druce (e. Oosfila 133 assa, Druce (g. P/Arudocentra) 122 assidens, Luc. (g. Hypodoxa) 34 assimilis, Luc. (g. CAlorocoma) IgI asterias, Meyr. (g. Agathia) 59 astigma, Warr. (g. Auofhyllodes) I31 astraea, Druce (g. Racheospila) 110 astraeoides, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 110 asyllaria, Swinh. (g. Heterorachis) — 193 athena, Druce (g. Progonodes) 135 atrapes, Druce (g. RacAeospila) IIO atrapophanes, Prout (g. Gelasma) 149, 253 255 Pages atridisca, Warr. (g. Lophostola) 182, 252 atriscripta. Warr. (g. Píngasa) 33 atropunctaria, Walk. (g. Pseudoterpna) 250 atroviridaria, Mab. (g. TZalera) 216 atroviridis, Warr. (g. Oosfila) 133 attendaria, Móschl. (g. Racheospila) 109 attenuans, Walk. |». Pingasa) 32 attenuata, Walk. (g. CAlorissa) 174 attenuata, Warr. (g. Comibaena) 97, 100 aturia, Druce (g;, Racheospila) 108 aucta, Prout (g. T'Aalassodes) 153 auctata, Th.-Mieg (sg. JDysfAania remota ab.) 52 Auophylla (genus), Warr. 20, 129 Auophyllodes (genus), Prout 20, 13o aurantiacea, Luc. (g. Hypodoxa) 34 auranticolorata, Streck. (g. CAlorissa) 175 aurata, Warr. (g. Pachycopsis) 189 aurata, Dogn. (g. ProAydata) 187 aureliaria, Mill. (g. Xenochlorodes) — 247 aureofulva, Warr. (g. Lophomachia) 85 aurifusa, Warr. (£. Dysphania) 53 aurigera, Pag. (g. Meftallochlora) 165 aurilimbata, Moore (r. Dysphamia) — 54 aurilunata, Warr. (g. Dysphania) 53 auriplaga, Warr. (g. DyspAania) 54 auriplena, Th.-Mieg (g. DyspAania) 52 auristriga, Walk. (g. DyspAhania) 52 auroguttata, Warr. (v. Dysphania) 54 auster, Prout (z. Prohydata) 186, 187 Autanepsia (genus), Turn. 43 avicularia, Guen. (g. Orzithospila) — 76 axillaria, Guen. (g. Pseudoterypna) 47 azurea, Bast. (v. Dysphania) i 54 baba, Swinh. g. Herochroma 27 bacoti, Prout (g. OmpAax) 5. 195 bajularia, Schiff. (g. Comibaena) 98 bajularia. Lang (g. Hemithea) 170 baliata, Feld. (g. EucAloris) 212 balistaria, Guen. (g. DyspAhania) 53 balteata, Warr. (g. Gelasma) 148, 149 banakaria, Plótz (g. PAyle) 249 barnardae, Luc, (g. Eucrostes) 245 barretti, Prout (g. Neromia) 183 basaliata, Walk. (r. Tanaorhinus) 68 basicostalis, Dogn. (g. R/odochlora voseipalpis ab.) 78 basiflavata. Moore (g. Dindica) 42 basinigra, Warr. (g. Hypodoxa, 34 basiplaga, Warr. (g. Auophylla) 130 basiplaga, Walk. (g. Tachyphyle) 120, basipuncta, Warr. (e. Agathiopsis) 121 92 Pages Bathycolpodes genus), Prout 4. I2, 86, 140, 142, 193 batiaria, Plótz (g. Pzzgasa) 32 batina, Druce (g. Cathydata) 209 batis, Warr.(g..»isozyga) 81, 251, 252 beata, Butl. (g. Agatha) 59 beatificata, Walk. (g. Eucrostes) 245 belisama, Druce(g. Awophyllodes) ^ 131 bella, Warr. (g. Ctenothea) 181 bellicosa, Feld. (g. Dysphania) 51 bellissima, Moore (g. Dysphania) 54 bellona, Walk. (g. Dysp^han:a) 53 bellonaria, Guen. (g. Dysphania) 53 bellonaria, Streck. (g. Nemoria) 112 benedicta, Pag. (g. Agathiopsis) 92 benepicta, Warr. (g. ProAydata) 187 bernsteinii, Feld. (g. Dysphazia) 52 Berta (genus), Walk. 19, 231, 233, 235, 236 beryllaria, Mann (g. XezocAlorodes) 247 beryllina, Meyr. (sg. Euloxia) 223 bicolor, Warr. (g. Dioscore) 74. 75 bicolor, Warr. (g. Dysphania) 52 bicolor, Warr. (g. Gelasma) 148, 149 bicolor, Th.-Mieg (s. Laszochlora) 203 bicolor, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) 159 bicolera, Luc. (g. Prasinocyma) 157 bicuneata, Prout (g. Xenopepla) 67 bidentifera, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 110 bifasciata, Walk. (g. Gelasma) I47 bifilata, Walk. (g. Nemoria) III bifimbriata, Prout (g. Prasinocyma) 157 bijugata, Warr. (g. Azisozyga) 82 binotata, Walk. (g. DyspAhania) 52 biplaga. Walk. (g.Comibaena) 97, 98, 99 biplagiata, Walk. (g. Uliocnemis cas- sidara, subsp.) 9I bipunctata, Dogn. (g. Racheospila erina ab.) 107 bipunctifera, Walk. (zr. Urolitha) 166 bistriaria, Pack. (g. Cheteoscelis) 116 bistriaria, Hübn. (g. Nenmoria) III bistriata, Warr. (sg. SyacAlora) 116 bivexillata, Prout (g. DvspAtania) 55 biviaria, Hamps. (y. Comibaena) 97, 101 blanda, Pay. (g. Pingasa) 33 Blechroma (genus). Móschl ro2, 248 boisduvalaria, Le Guill.(g.CAlorodes) 88 boliviensis, Dogn. (g. TAalassodes) 153 bonhotei, Prout (g. RacAeospila) 110 bruandaria, Mill. (g. Microloxia) 200 brunnearia, Pack. (gy. Nemoria) III brunneifrons, Hamps. (eg. Nemoria) 175 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Pages brunneilinea, Warr. (g Racheospila) 109 brunneipalpis, Warr. (sg. RÁodo chlora) 78 brunneopicta, Warr. (g. Prohydata) 187 bryata, Druce (g. PArudocentra) 121 bryata, Feld. ig. Racheospila) 105 bryophanes, Turn. (g. ZEolochroma) 36 bupleuraria, Schiff. (g. T halera) 216 buprestaria, Guen. (g. Eucyclodes) 83 busa, Druce (g. Hydata) 188 byrsopis. Meyr. (g. TAalassodes) 152 Cacamoda (genus), Swinh 63 Cacochloris (renus), Prout 2,9: 417, 200 cadmaria, Guen (g. CAlorocoma) 190 caducata, Feld. (g. Hydata) 185, 189 caelataria, Moore (g. Maxates) 163 caerulea, Warr. (g. Pyrrhorachis) 19, 239 caeruleoplaga, Bast. (g. Dysphania) — 53 caeruleotincta, Prout (g. Prasino- cyna) 252 caeruleo-viridis, Burr. (g. EucAloris smaragdaria ab. 211 caerulescens, Burr.(z. C/ilorissa viri- data ab.) 173 caerulescens, Prout (g. Nenoria) 113 caesia, Warr. (g. ZEolochroma) 37 calaina, Turn. (zr. Gelasma) 149 calaurops, Prout (g. Terpua) 38, 41 calcinata, Feld. (g. Anisozyga) 8o calida, Dogn. (g. Racheospila) 104 Calleremites (subz.), Warr. 38, 39 callicula, Druce (g. Oospila) 133 calliope, Druce (g. LofAhochorista! — 137 calliptera, Meyr. (g. Uliocnemis) 92 callista, Warr. (g. Prosomphax, 196 Callisteuma (renus), Prout 20, 205 g ; callisticta, "l'urn. (g. 4nisozyga) 81 Callythria (genus), Weym. 198 Camptolophia venus), Warr. 12, 62 cancellata, Bast. (g. Dysphrania) 34 candidaria, Warr. ig. Pingasa) 31 candidata, Warr. (g. Xenochroma) 46 caniola, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) 158 capensis. Warr. (g. Comostolofsis) — 238 capys, Druce (g. Nemoria II2 capysoides, Schaus (g. Nemoria) 112 carbina, Druce (g. Racheospila) 106 carenaria, Guen. (g. CAlorocoma) 190 carenaria, Turn. (g. CAlorocoma) 192 carenayia, Walk. (g. CAlorocoma) IOI carissima, Butl. (g. Agathia) 58. 59 Pages carnelunata, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 135 carnifrons, Butl. (g. Neromia) 182 cassidara, Guen. (g. Uliocnemis) 91, 248 cassidara, Pag. (g. Uliocnemis) 92 castanea, Low. (g. Protophyta) 22 castaneata, Warr. (z. Pyrrhorachis) 239 castiliaria, Staud. (g. Euchloris; 211 catachloa, Hulst (g. RacAieospila) 104 catenaría, Walk. (g. Agata) 58. Cathydata (genus), Prout 21, 208 caudipunctata, Warr. (g. Gelasma) 149 caudularia, Guen. (g. Jodis) 232 cecilia, Prout (g. Racheospila) 106. celata, Walk. (g. Pingasa) 32 celataria, Walk. (g. Diplodesma) 185 celebensis, Warr. (g. Paramaxates) — 208 Celidomphax (venus). Prout 16, 194 cellularia, Guen. (g. Prasinocyma) 155 cellulata, Warr. (z. Syndromodes) — 204 Cenochlora (genus), Warr. 2, 17, 241 centralis, Rothsch. (g. DyspAania) 51 centrifugaria, Herr.-Sch. (g. PArudo- centra) 123 centrophylla, Meyr. (g. Gelasma) 147, 148 cetraria, Feld. (g. Hypodoxa) 34 chaga, Dogn. (g. CAloropteryx) 179 chalybeata, Moore (g. CAlorodonto- pera) 65 chalybeata, Moore (g. Comibaena) 99 chalybeata, Butl. (g. Dysphania) 5o checometa, Druce (g. Comibaena) 99 cheramota, Meyr. (g. Comibaena) 99 cherometa, Druce (g. Comibaena) 99 Cheroscelis genus), Prout I4, 137, 104 Cheteoscelis (genus), Prout 20, 116 chionoflaca, Low. (g. Anisozyga) 8o Chloéres (renus), Turn. 19. 240 chlora, Cram. (g. Pingasa) 3r Chloractis /yenus), Warr. 21, 209 chlorargyra, Walk. (g. Comostola) 237 chloraria, Guen. (g. Pingasa) 31 chlorinaria, Mab. (g. Nemoria) 248 Chlorinthia (genus), Kaye 209 Chlorissa (genus), Steph. 75015, 21, 1604 17290252 chlorissodes, Prout (g. Microloxia) 201 Chlorochaeta (venus), Warr. 15, 101 Chlorochlamys (genus). Hulst 20, 21, 176 Chlorochroma genus), Dup. 168 Chlorochroma (genus, Guen. 189 Chlorochromodes (genus) Warr. |. 97 Pages Chlorocoma (renus), Turn. 5, 16. 189, 248 Chlorodes (genus). Guen. 12, 88 Chlorodontopera (venus), Warr. S) RSS t (o7) Chlorodrepana (renus), Warr. I9. I41I Chloroglyphica (genus) Warr. 70 I 570. chloroleucaria, Guen. (g. «CAloro- chlamys) 177 Warr. I2:583:184 Chloromianta (renus), Warr. 13, 93 Chloromachia (grenus), Chloromma (renus), Warr. 19, 230 Chloroparda (renus) Prout B8; I3. 140 chlorophyllaria, Leech (g. Comibaena) 101 chlorophyllaria, Hed. (g. EucAloris) S 212 chloropis, Meyr. (g. T'Aalassodes) 152 Chloropteryx (genus), Hulst 20, 178 Chlororithra (renus), Butl. 13, 74 chlorosaria, Graes. (s.T/Aalera fim- brialis, subsp.) 216 Chlorosea (genus), Pack. I9, I16 Chiorosoma (senus), Feld. 7i Chlorosterrha (genus), Prout 18, 218, 242 chlorosticta, Prout (g. Nemoria) 183 chlorostigma. Warr. (g. Telotheta) 205 Chlorostrota (genus), Warr. 89 Chloroteras (genus), Warr. 86, 87 Chlorozancla (renus), Prout rir, 69 chlorozonaria,Walk. (eg. TAalassodes) 153 Chrotochlora (renus), Warr. 22, 126 Chrysochloroma (genus), Warr. S vinaep eene risp eds] Chrysocraspeda(genus),Hamps. 7 T6225 chrysolineata, Walk. (g. Berta? 234 Chrysomphe (genus), Warr. 164, 165 chrysoprasaria, Esp. (sg. Henmustola) 223. 22». 23r ciliaria, Hübn. (g. Oospila) 133 cincta, Walk. (g. Ornithospila) P cinctuta,Saalm. (g. Heterocrita) 139, 249 cinerea, Warr. (eg. Helicopage) 5, 63 cinerea, Warr. (g. Pingasa) 315033 circumdata, Warr. (g. Oospila) 134 circumflexaria, Snell. (g. Ornithospila) 77 circumpunctata, Warr.(g. Prasinocyma) 156 circumscripta, Warr. (g. Metallo- |» ehlora) 165 FAM. GEOMETRIDZE Pages cissina, Turn. (s. CAlores| 240 cissochroa, Turn. (g. NeotAela) 241 citrolimbaria, Guen. (g. CAhloéres) ^ 240 citrolimbaria, Walk. (g. Chlorocoma) 191 claripennis, Butl. (g. Hemistola) 226 clarissa, Butl. (g. odis) 233 clemens, Warr. (sg. Chloropteryx) 178 cloraria, Dup. (g. Chlorissa) 174 cloraria, Eversm | (g. Chlorissa) 173 cloraria, Hübn. (v. CAlorissa) 173 cloraria, Steph. (g. Chlorissa) 173 codina, Swinh. (rg. Agatha) 59. 60 coelataria, Walk. (g. Maxates) 163 coerulea, Warr. (g. Azisozyga) 81 coerulea, Warr. (g. Comostolopsis) 238 coerulea, Warr. (g. Omphacodes) 221 coerulea, Warr. (g. Oospila) 4, 132, 134 coerulea, Warr.(g.Prasinocyma) 155, 158 coeruleata, Warr. (g. Zodis) 233 cognataria, Swinh. (g. Episothalma) 167 colataria, Leech (g. Gelasma) 148 Collesis (yenus), Warr. 3, 17, 219, 220 Colutoceras (genus), Warr. 97 Comibaena (genus), Hübn. 2 ES ESTAETGLGOSgT.290:9137; I99, 2II, commaculata, Warr. (g. Anisozyga) commixta, Warr. (g. Gelasma) 148, commoda, Luc. (s. CAlorocoma assi- milis ab.) communicans, Walk. (g. Pingasa) commutata, Walk. (g. Pingasa) Comostola venus), Meyr. 46g 155:9T1: 237.1235. 038; Comostolodes (genus), Warr. Comostolopsis (genus), Warr. I9, 238, concavilinea, Burr.(g. CAlorissa viri- data ab.) concentrata, Warr. (g. Phrudocentra) Conchylia (genus), Hübn. conchylias, Meyr. (g. Comostola) concinna, Warr. (g. Oosfila) concinnata, Pag. (g Chloromachia) concisiblaga, Walk. (g. Ulioenemis) concolor, Warr. (g. Iodis condensata, Waxr. (g. PArudocentra) conflua, Warr. (g. Racheospila) conflua, Waxr. (g. Racheospila) confluaria, Warr. (sg. RacAheolopha) confluens, Warr. (g. DyspAhania re- mota, subsp. confuciaria, Walk. (v. Tanaorhinus) 248 81 149 I9I 31 31 239 97 84 91 232 123 108 108 135 52 68 257 Pages confundaria, Móschl. (g. Oospila) — 133 confusa, Warr. (g. Comostola) 237 confusaria, Staud. (rg. CAlorissa) 174 confuscata, Warr. (g. Agatha) 60 congener, Warr. (g Oospila) 133 congenita, Walk. (g. Chlorocoma) 190 congrua, Walk. (g. Prasinocyma) 155 congruata, Hamps. (g. Racheospila) 110 congruata, Walk. (g. Racheospila) 109 coniferaria, Pack. (g. Nemoria) 112 conjunctiva, Warr. (g. Agathia) 59 connata, Warr. (g. Comibaena) 99 consequaria, Edw. (g. Dichorda) 127 consimilis, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 107 consobrina, Wazr. (g. Comibaena) 99 conspersa, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 103, 108 conspicua, Bast. (g. Dysphania) 55 conspurcata, Luc. (g. Hyfpochroma) 249 continuata, Warr. (g. Racheolopha) 135 contracta, Warr. (g. Diplodesma) 185 contraria, Walk. (g. DyspAania) 51 convallata, Warr. (g. Gelasma) 148 convergens, Warr. (g. Tachyphyle) 249 conversa, Dogn. (g. Oospila) — 132, 134 conviridaria, Hübn. (g. Leftogra- Pha) 248 cornuta, Warr. (g. Pyrrhorachis) 239 coronillaria, Hübn. (g. Pseudoterpna) 46, 47 correspondens, Alph. (g. Aglosso- chloris) 213 corrosa, Warr. (g. Hypodoxa) 34 corruptata, Feld. (g. Neagathia) 125 corsicaria, Ramb. (g. Pseudoteypna) — 47 coryphata, Feld. (g. Comibaena) 99 cosmeta, Prout(g. Racheospila) 106 Cosmogonia(genus) Warr. 164, 166 costipicta, Warr.(g. Gelasma) 148, 149 costipunctata, Moore (g. Hemithea) 171 costiscripta, Warr. (g. Tachyphle) — 120 costistrigaria, Moore (g. Terpna) 40 cowani, Butl. (g. Gelasma) 147. 249 crassipunctata, Alph. (g. ArcAaeo- balbis) 25, 26 crassisquama, Warr.(g Nothoterpna) 215 crassistriga, Warr. (g. Orthocraspeda) 28 ) cremonaria, Staud. (g. Xenochlorodes) 247 crenaria, Guen. (g. Pingasa) 31 crenulata, Butl. (g. Culpinia) 139 crenulata, Luc. (g. Cymatoplex) 241 cristata, Warr. (g. Arvchaeobalbis) 25 cristifera, Walk. (gz. Lofhochlora) 60, 62 258 Pages croceofimbriata, Herr.-Sch. (g. Racheo- spila) 109 crocina, Butl. (g. Terpna) DEA crossota, Meyr. (g. Prasinocyma) 155, 158 crucigerata, Christ. (g. Aglossochlo- ris) 213 crypsichroma, Warr. (gy. Euxeza) 64 Crypsiphona (genus, Meyr. 9. IO, 44, 250 Ctenothea (genus), Prout 13, 181 Culpinia (genus), Prout 4; 15, 139, 200, 216 cuneata, Burr. (g. Hipparehus papi- lionaria ab.) 71 cupedinaria, Grote (e. Racheospila) 109 cupidenaria, Dyar (g. Racheospila) 109 cuprina, Feld. (g. Dysphania) 55 curiosa, Swinh. (g. T/alassodes) 153 curvifera, Prout (g. CAlorocilamys) 177 curvigutta, Warr. (g. Anisozyga) 81 curvilinea, Prout (g. Omphacodes; — 221 curvilinea, Warr. (g. Synchlora) 115 Cusuma (genus), Moore BXUT1)055 cyane, Cram. (g. Dysphazia) 51 cyanoptrera, Pag. (g. Dysphania) 52 Cyclothea (venus), Prout I4, 18I cymaria, Hamps. (g. Hemistola) 228 Cymatoplex (genus), Turn. 18, 241, 242 Cyneoterpna (genus), Prout 1o, 43 cynthia, Warr. (g. Gelasma) 148 cythisaria, Schiff. (gy. Pseudoterpna) 47 cythisiaria, Jung (g. Pseudoterpna) 47 cytisaria, Hübn. (g. Pseudoterpna) 47 dalica, Dogn. (g. Chloropteryx) 179 darwinata, Dyar (g. Nemoria) II2 darwiniata, Dyar (g. Nemoria) 111, 112 davidaria, Pouj. (gz. Terpna) 41 dealbata, Warr. (g. Chloropteryx) 179 decipiens, Warr. (s. Chloropteryx) 178, 179 decisissima, Walk. (g. Prasinocyma) 157 decoloraria, Walk. (g. Oospila) 133 decolorata, Vill. (g. Iodis) 231 decorata, Warr. (g. Anisozyga) 81 decorata, Warr. (g. Leptolopha flavi- limes ab.) 128 decorata, arr. (g. M etallochlo 76) — 166 decorata, Warr. (g. Racheospila) IIO decorata, Warr. (g. Racheosfila) 106 decorata, Warr. (g. Terpaa) 38, 39 decristata, Warr. (g. Pingasa) 31 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERXA Pages delacruzi, Dogn. (g. 4wopAyllodes) — 131 deleta, Burr. (g. Hipparchus papilto- naria ab.) 71 delicata, Warr. ig. Omp/Aacodes) 221 delicataria, Dyar (g. Nenmoria) II2 delicataria, Móschl.(g.Prasinocyma) 156 delicataria, Móschl.(g. RacAeospila) 105 delicatior, Warr. (g. Comibaena) 100 delicatula, Warr. (g. Zodis) 233 delicatula, Dogn. (g. SyacAlora) 116 delicia, Th.-Mieg (g. Paragathia) 61 deliciosa, Warr. (g. Pyrrhorachis) — 239 delineata, Warr. (g. Comibaena) 3, roo delphinata, Warr. (g. Oospila) 133 densaria, Walk. (g. Chlorochlamys) 177 dentata, Warr. (g. Azisozvga) 81 dentata, Moore (g. Comibaena) 99 dentata, Mab. (g. H emithea) 249 dentatilinea, Prout (v. TAalassodes) 153 denticularia, Walk. (g. Syachlora) II4, II5 dentifascia, Warr. (g. odis) 233 dentilinea, Warr. (s. Racheospila) 104, 106 dependens, Warr. (g. Raceospila) 109, IIO depressa, Warr. (g. Oosfila) 133 deprivata, Walk. (g. CAlorochlamvs) — 177 depulsata, Walk. (g. Eretmopus) 154 depulsata, Walk. (g. T/alassodes) 152 derasa, Warr. (g. Oospila) 132, 134 desertoria, Reb. (g. Mixeophanes) 248 desolata, Warr. (g. Anisozyga) 82 detenta, Walk. (g. Comibaena) 99 deteriorata, Walk. (g. Hypodoxa) 5, 34 detracta, Walk. (g. Hemistola) 227 detrita, Bast. (g. Pseudhemithea) 184 devexata, Walk. (g. Rhomborista) 94 devocata, Walk. (g. Heterorachis) 193 devocata, Fawc. (g. Omphax) 195 devoluta, Warr. (g. Archichlora) 87 diagrapharia, Püng. (g. Holoterpna) 214 diaphana, Warr. (g. Heterorachis) — 193 diaphana, Warr. (g. Hydata) 188 diaphana, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 104 diarita, Dogn. (g. Racheospila) 103, 105 diazeuxis, Prout. (g. 4nisozyga) 83, 253 dichloraria,Guen.(s. Chlorocoma) 5, 190 Dichorda (genus), Warr. 22:127 dichroa, Low. (g. Cymatoflex) 241 Dichroma (genus), Westw. 13, 197, 199 dichroma, Feld. (g. CAlorosterrha) — 218 Pages didita, Walk. (g. Chlorocoma) I8O0. I9O, 192 diducta, Walk. (g. Lasiochlora) 203 dieckmanni. Graes. (g. Hifparchus) 709, 72 differens, Warr. (g. Metallochlora) — 165 differens, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) — 156 differens, Warr. (g. Terpna) 38. 41 difficta, Walk. (g. Ochroguesia) 9o diffissa, Walk. (g. Geometra) 73 diffundens, Luc. (sg. Hypochroma) — 248 diffusa, Walk. (g. Culpinia) 139 digressa, Walk. (g. TAhalassodes) 152 dijuncta, Walk. ig. Hemistola) 226 dilatata, Walk. (g. CAlorocoma) 19I dilucida, Walk. (g. Prasiuocyma) 155 dilucida, Warr. (g. Synchlora) 116 diluta, Dogn. (g. CAloropteryx) 179 diluta, Warr. (g. Comibaena) — 100, 251 dimensa, Walk. (g. Syudromodes) 204 dimissa, Walk. (g. Tanaorhinus) 68 dimissus, Butl. (g. Tanaorhinus) 68 dimota, Prout (g. Agathia) 60 Dindica (genus), Moore IO, 42 Dindicodes /subg.), Prout 4I dioptasaria, Christ. (g. Hipparchus) 72 Dioscore (renus), Warr. 11, 7431250, 251 diphtherina, Meyr. (g. Cernia) 47 Diplodesma í(renus), Warr. 4319). 7, 91:3, 19:184. 1230: —240 directa, Hamps. (9g. Microloxiay 200 directa, Walk. (g. OmpAacodes) 6, 197, 221 discalis, Walk. (g. DyspAania) 54 discata, Warr. (g. Osteosema) 90 discata, Warr. (g. P/irudocentra) 123 discata, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) 158 discerpta, Walk. (g. Heterocrita) 138 discessa, Walk. (g. Chlorissa) 173 discipennata, Walk.(g.Lophomachia) 85 discipuncta, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 107 discissa, Walk. (g. Eretmopus) 154 discisticta, Prout (g. 4gathia) 60 discolor, Warr. (g. ZEolochroma) 36 discolor, Warr. (g. Berta) 234 discolor, Warr. (g. Parafrasina) 199 discolor, Warr. (z TanaorAinus) 69 disconnecta, Warr. (g. Agathia) 59 discospilata, Moore (g. CAlorodon- topera) 65 discospilota, Swinh. (g. CAlorodonto- pera) 65 Pages discriminata, Walk. (g. Agathía) 58 diserta, Walk. (g. Pamphlebia) 201 disjuncta, Walk. (s. Cyclothea) 182 disjuncta, Auriv. (g. Lophostola) 229 disjuncta, Warr. :g. Racheospila erina ab.) 107 dispansa, Walk. (g. Comostola) 237 dispansa, Hamps. (g. Comostolaj 237 disparata, Walk. (g. Eucrostes) 245 dispartita, Walk. (g. Hemistola) 228 dispensata, Walk. (g. Pzngasa) 32 dissepta, Walk. (g. TAalassodes) 152 dissessa, Walk. (g. Comibaena) 99 dissita, Walk. (g. T'Aalassodes! 152 dissimilis, Warr. (g. Mixeophanes) — 248 dissimulata, Walk. (g. Gelasma) 147 distensaria, Walk. (g. Pingasa) 32 distenta, Walk. (g. Piugasa) 32 distinctaria, Walk. (g. Hemithea) I71 distracta, Walk. (g. TAalera 216 distributa, Luc. (g. Agathia) 59, 60 ditaria, Fab. (g. Comibaena) 98 ditaria, Vill. (g. Thalera| 216 Dithecodes (genus), Warr. 249 divapala, Walk. (g. CAloromachia) 84 divaricata, Moore (g. Agathia) 61 divergens, Warr. (gz. Omphacodes) — 221 diversiformis, (g. Agathia) 59 diversilinea, Warr. (g. Agatha) 59 divincta, Holt- White (g. Eucrostes) 245 divincta, Walk.(g. RAadinomphax) 5, 197 dohertyi, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) 156 dolens, Druce (rg. Oosfila) 134 Dolosis (renus), Prout 17, 216 dominicaria, Guen. (zr. Ewcrostes) — 245 12, 63 dorcada, Swinh (g. Terpna) 39 Dooabia |genus;, Warr. dorsicristata, Warr. (g. CAlorissa) 169, 172; 1/5 dorsilinea, Warr. (g. TAalassodes) — 153 dorsipunctata, Warr. (sg. Prasino- cyma) 156 dorsipunctata, Warr.(g. T/alossodes) 153 dorsocristata, Pouj. (g. Terpna) 30 dorsoviridis, Prout (g. ITemistola) — 228 dorsuaria, Prout (g. Syachlora) 116 dotata, Warr. (g. Metallochlora) 165 doubledayi, Snell. (g. Dysphania) 53 Drucia (genus), Warr. 132 Dryadopsis (venus), Warr. 2Y. 113 dubia, Warr. (g. Hwvdata 249 dulcinata, Fuchs (g. C/iloéves) 240 dyakaria, Walk. (vg. CAloéres) 240 FAM. GEOMETRIDZE Pasea dyarii, Hulst (g. CAlorissa 175 Dyscheilia (genus), Dogn. 20, 206 Dyschloropsis (&enus), Warr. 17, 214, 215 Dysphania s enus), Hübn. 4, 8, 11, 40 Dysschema (genus), Warr. 56 ecchloraria, Hübn. (g. Pingasa) 31 ecuadorata, Dogn.(g. Auophyllodes) 131 edmondsii, Butl. (g. Hypochroma) 42 efformata, Warr. (g. Hemistola) 228 elaearia, Hamps. (g. Neobalbrs) 26 electra, Weym. (g. Dysphania) 55 electrica, Warr. (g. Chrysochloroma) 146 electrica, Meyr. (g. Heliomystis) 23 elevans, Bast. (g. Hwvdata) 188 elegans, Prout (g. OmpAacodes) 220, 221 elevans, Warr. (g. Uliocuemis) 92 elenaria, Swinh. (g. AgatAhia) 60 ella, Prout (g. Racheospila) 105 eluta, Wilem. (g. Diplodesma) 252 emiliaria, Guen. (g. Hypodoxa)| 34 emiliaria, Walk. (g. Hypodoxa) 34 Endemia (genus), Warr. 17, 159 endorhoda, Hamps. (gz. Neurotoca) 229 eogenaria, Snell. (z. Phorodesma) — ror ephippiaria, Móschl. (z. Racheospila) 109 Epipristis (zenus), Meyr. 2:9; 10 Episothalma (genus), Swinh. 4:515 »516379167, equestralis, Westw. (g. Drchroma) | 198 equestrinaria, Guen. (g. Dichroma) 198 erebata, Meyr. (g. Hypodoxa) 35 erebusata, Walk. (g. Hypodoxa) 35 Eretmopus (genus), Turn. 14, 154 ericetorum, Walk. (g. Xenochlorodes) 247 erichlora, Meyr. (g. Mesurodes) 150 erina, Dorn. ig. Racheosfila) 9151021103; 107 erionoma, Swinh. (g. Terpaa) 40 erotyla, Turn. (g. Anisozyga) 82 erymnodes, Turn. (g. Azisozyga) 82 esmeralda, Warr. (g Comibaena) 100 esmeralda, Hamps. (g. Ornithospila) 76, 77 etruscaria, Zell. (gz. CAhlorissa) 173, 174 Euacidalia (genus), Pack. 6 Eualloea (venus), Warr. 21, 180 Euarestus (genus), Luc. 57 eucalyfti, Luc. (g. Anisozyga) 8o euchloraria, Guen. (g. CAlorissa) 175 Euchloris (genus), Hübn. 2 3T BNTBNOGDI2IO,212. 213 229 Pages Euchrostes (genus), Gumpp. eucraspeda, Turn. (g. Comostola) Eucrostes (genus), Hübn. 6, 8, 18, 20, 244, 246, Ewucrostis (genus), Led. Eucyclodes (genus), Turn. Eucyclodes (renus), Warr. 12 Eueana (genus), Prout 20 eugethes, Prout (g. Racheos] ila eugramma, Low. (g. Hyfochroma) eugrapharia, Mab (g. Pizgasa| Euloxia (genus). Warr. I9, 223, 224; eumixis, Prout (g. Gelasma) 145, Eunemoria (geuus), Pack. Euschenta (genus,, Hübn. eutraphes, Prout (g. MerocAlora) Euxena (renus), Warr. 12 exarata, Feld. (g. Euchloris) excavata, Warr. (g. Bathycolpodes) excelsa, Dogn. (g. Racheosy ila) excrescens, Warr. (g. Oosfila) excubitor, Moore (g. DyspAazia) excurvaria, Pack. (g. Syachlora) exertata, Móschl. (g. Racheosfila) exililinea, Warr. (g. Anisozyga) eximia, Dogn. (g. Neocrasis) eximiata, Feld. (g. Argyrographa) exoterica. Meyr. (g. Prasinocyma) expulsata, Walk. (g. RacAeospila) exquisita, Warr. (g. Agata) exquisita, Warr. (v. RAodocAlora) exspectata, Fabr. (sg, PAalaena) extensata, Warr. (g. Auofphyllodes) externa, Walk. (g. Chlorocoma) extremaria, Walk. (g. Racheospila) factaria, Walk. (g. Geometra) falcatus, Hamps. (g. CAlorozancla) fallax, Warr. (g. Racheospila) fanitta, Swinh. (g. Dysphania excu- bitor, subsp.) farinosa, Warr. (g. Archaeobalbis| fasceolaria, Pack. (g. Merochlora) fasciata, Warr (g. Leucoglyphica) fascinans, Luc. (g. A«isozyga) fasciolaria, Hulst (e. Merochlora) faseolaria, Guen. (g. Merochlora) faustinata, Mill. ig. CAlorissa) 174, fea, Butl. (g. CAlororithra) felderi, Schaus (g. H ydata | felicitata, Walk. (g. Ulioenemis) felix, Warr. (g. Cenochlora) 244 237 131 IQo 104 260 Pages fenestraria, Moore (g. Comibaena) — 1or fenestrata, Swains. (g. Dysphania) — 5o fenestrata, Bast. (gy. Progonodes) 135 ferruginata, Warr. ig. Cloromianta) 93 festaria, Hulst (g Nemoria) 112 festivaria, Hübn. (g. PArudocentra) 124 fimbrialis, Scop. (g. Thalera) 216 fimbriaria, Walk.(g. Episothalma) — 167 fimbriata, Led. (g. Hemitkea) 170 fimbriata, Hufn. (g. Thalera) 216 fimbriolaria, Hübn. (g. Ewcrostes) 245 fimbripedata, Warr. (g. 4AuopAyllodes) 131 flaccida, Warr. (g. TachypAyle) 121 fiagellaria, Pouj. (g. Gelasma) 148 fiavata, Walk. 'g. Dysphania) 50 flavescens, Walk. (g. Ewschema) 55 flavibasalis, Warr. (g. Neobalbis, 26 flavicincta, Warr. (g. Comostola) 237 flavicincta, Warr. (g. Oospila) 133 flavicoma, Warr. (g. Tachychlora) 119 flavicorpus, Warr. (g. Dysphania) 51 fiavicosta, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) 157 flavidisca, Warr. (g. Tachychlora) — 119 flavidiscalis, Warr. (g. Dysphania) — 54 flaviimbria, Warr. (s. Comostola) — 237 flavifimbria, Warr, (g. Metallochlora) 165 flaviimbria, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 105 flavifrontaria, Guen. (g. Hifpparchus) 71 flavifrontaria, Leech (g. Hipparchus) 71 flavifusa, Hamps. (g. Cusuma) 56 flavifusata, Walk. (g. GEnospila) 162 flavifuscata, Swinh. (y. GEnospila) 162 flavilimes, Warr. (g. Leptolopha) 128 flavilimes, Warr. (y. Prasinocyma) — 158 flavilinea, Warr. (g. 4nisozyga) $2 flavilinea, Warr. (g. Gzuospila) 162 flavimargo, Warr. (g. Dysphania) 51 flavinigra, Warr. (g. Xenopepla) 67 flavitenia, Warr. (g. Comibaena) 100 flavitincta, Warr. (g. Hemistola) 226 fiexicosta, Warr. (y. Diplodesma) 185 fleximargo, Warr. (g. Collesis) 220 florediscata, Warr.(g.Prasimocyma) 159 florepicta, Warr. (z. Racheolopha) — 135 floresaria, Walk. ig. Prasinocyma) 157. 162 florifera. Prout(z.Racheosbila) 103, 108 fontalis, Warr. (g. Racheosfila) 107 fractimacula, Prout (g. Oosfila) 134 fragilis, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) 158 fragmentata, Warr. (g. Anisozyga) 82 fraterna, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) 159 fraudulenta, Warr. (sg. 4Acollesis) 219 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Pages frequeus, Butl. (g. Chlortssa) 174 fringillata, Schaus (g. Callisteuma) | 206 frondaria, Guen. (g. SyncAlora) 115 frondinata, Feld.(g. Rhadinomphax) 197 frosinaria, Stoll (g. Thetidia) 212 fruhstorferi, Rób. (g. DyspAania) 55 frustatoria, Walk. (g. Mixocera) 243 frustratoria, Wall. (g. Mzxocera) 243 fugitivaria, Guen. (g. Euloxia) 223 fulgurata, Warr. (g. Dioscore) 74, 75,250 fulgurata, Warr. (g. Dysphania) 50 fulminaria, Led. (g. Aglossochloris) A RIDUAT fulvilauta, Warr. (g. Dysphania) 51 fumidimargo, Dogn. (g. Oosfila) 134 funebrosa, Warr. (g. Terpna) 41 fuscicosta, Warr. (g. Tachvphyle) — 121 ínscidorsata. Prout (sg. Comibaena) roi fuscifimbria, Prout (g. Gelasma) 149 fuscifrons, Warr. (g. Synchlora) Ir5 fuscimargo, Warr. (g. Antharmostes marginata ab.) 144 fuscipuncta, Warr. (g. Comostolopsis) 238 fuscipuncta, Warr. (g. Gelasma) 148 fuscithorax, Warr. (g. Victoria) 86 Galactochlora (genus), Warr. 83,84 gaujoniaria, Dogn. (g. RAodochlora) 78 gavisata, Walk. (g. Comibaena) 1OI gavissima, Walk. (g -Amísozvga) — 3, 80 Gelasma (genus, Warr. 16, 145, 146, 231 249 gelida, Butl. (g. CAlorissa) 174 geminipuncta, Warr. ig. Prasino- cyma) 158 gemma, Swinh. (g. 4gatAia) 59 genistaria, Vill. (g. Pseudoterpna) 47 genuflexa, Warr. (g. PArudocentra) 123 Geomeíra genus), Dup. 7o Geometrina (genus), Motsch. 168 Geomeítrina (genus), Warr. 7o germinaria, Guen. (g. Prasinocyma) 155 gerularia, Hübn. (g. Racheospila) — rog gibbosa, Prout ig. RAomborista) 94 gigantaria, Staud. (g. Nemoria pre- tiosaria var.) 174 gigantea, Butl. (z. 4gathia) 5o gigantea, Mill. (g. Euchloris smarag- daria var.) 21I Gigantothea (genus), Prout 15, 161 gigas, Warr. (g. Gigantothea) 161 gigas, Warr. (g. Thalassodes) 153 glacialis, Butl. (g.Metallochlora) 156, 165 Pages glareosa, Swinh. (g. Euchloris) 3, 212 glauca, Geoffr. (z. Comibaena) 98 glauca, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma, 150 glaucaria, Walk. ;g. Gelasma) 147 glaucaria, Mén. (sg. Hipparchus) 7 glaucaria. Guen. (g. Svachlora) 115 glaucescens, Walk. (g. DysPAania) — 55 glauciptera, Hamps. (sg. Cloro- pteryx) 179 glauculata, Walk. (&: Thalassodes) 153 gnoma, Butl. (g. 4nomphax) 222 Gnophosema (genus , Prout o, 10, 48 goniaria, Feld. (z. Gelasma) 147 goniata, Warr. (g. -4goschema) 57 goniota, Low. (g. Arisozyga) 81 Gonochlora (genus), Swinh. 17, 229 goramensis, Bast. (z. Dysphanuia) 5o gordoni, Prout /g. Victoria) 85. 86 gortaria, Schaus (g Racheospila) 106 gracilaria, Pack. (g. Synchlora) 115 gracililinea, Warr. (g. Anisozyga) 82 gracilis, Butl. (z. OmpAacodes) 220 gracilis, Warr. (g. Pingasa) 32 gracilis, Luc. (g. Prasinocyma) 157 graefiaria, Hulst (s. Cheteoscelis) 117 graminaria, Zell. (g. Microloxia) 200 graminaria, Koll. (zr. PAorodesma) — 253 graminea, Hamps. (g. Hemithea) I71 Grammicheila (genus), 5taud. 73 grandidieri, Butl. (gy. Pingasa) 31 grandificaria, Graes. (z. Gelasma) — 148 granulata, Warr. (g. RAombochlora) 136 gratata, Pack. (g. Mesothea) 176 gratiosaria, Brem. (g. Ochroguesia) — 9o gratiosata, Guen. (g. Mixochroa) 224 griseonotata, Warr. (g. juisozyga) 82 griseoviridis, Warr. (g. Gelasma) — 148 Gynandria (subg.), Turn. 242, 243 hadrata, Feld. (g. Prasinocvma) 155 haemataria, Herr.-Sch. (g. Terfza) 38, 39. haematospila, Prout (s. Racheospila) 107 halcyone, Meyr. (g. Cymatoplex) 241 halimaria, Chrét. /g. Microloxia) 201 Halioscia (genus), Warr. 132 halochlora, Meyr. (g. Chlorocoma) — 191 Halophanes (genus;, Warr. 184, 185 Halterophora (genus), Warr. 74 Hamalolepis (genus), Warr. 79 haploa, Prout (z Hemistola) 18, 227 haplophanes, Turn. (z. Comostola) 237 Haszis (genus), Boisd. 49 Pages helenetta, Walk. (g. DyspAanta) 50 Heleona (zenus), Swains. 49 Helicopage (venus), Warr. 5, 12, 62 Heliomystis (genus), Meyr. 9, 22 Hemalolepis (genus), Swinh. 79 Hemistola (zenus), Warr. 18,355. 2177.273.:223:1220; 231, 235 hemistrigata, Mab. (g. Phorodesma) | 249 hemithales, Prout (r Mixocera) 243 Hemithea (genus), Dup. 4.6, 7, 15, 139, 162, 168, 200, 216, 226, 244 hemithearia, Guen. (g. Agathia) 58 hemithearia, Warr. (g. CAloropteryx) 179 hena, Dogn. (g. Racheospila) 108 herbacea, Geofir. (g. Hemithea) 179 herbacearia, Mén. (g. Hipfarchus pafilionaria, ab.) 7 herbaria, Hübn. (g. Microloxia) 3,200 herbaria, Fabr. (g. SyacAlora) 115 Herochroma (genus), Swinh. 9. IO, 26 Heteresthes (genus), Warr. 15, 190, 192 Heterocrita (genus), Warr. 15, 86, 138, 217, 249 heterograpta, Warr. (ig. Peoecilo- chlora) 125 heteromorpha. Warr. (g. Oosfila) 132, 134 Heterorachis (renus), Warr. 16. 190, 192 heterospila. Hamps. (y. P/rudocen- tra) 124 Hierochroma (genus), Sharp 26 Hierochthonia (genus) Prout 3, 13, 204, 206 hilarata, Guen. (sg. Agathia) 58 hilaris, Warr. (g. Azisozyga) 82 Hipparchiscus (zenus), Walsh — iri Hipparchus (genus;, Leech 7; 13, 69, 208 Hipparchus (genus). Gumpp. 214 hirundinalis, Warr. (g. Helicopage) — 63 histrionalis; Westw (g. Diochroma) 198 hoemataria, Walk. (g. Terpna) 39 hollandaria, Hulst g. Phrudocentra) 123 Holoterpna (renus.. Püng. 17, 214, 2I5 Holothalassis (genus), Gumpp. — 127 Holothalassis (genus), Hübn. 70 homoeotes, Prout (g. Dioscore) 75.250:1253 horridata, Walk. (e. Hypodoxa) 35 FAM. GEOMETRIDZE Pages horsfieldi, Moore (g. Dysphania) 54 hudsonaria, Tayl. (g. Nemoria) 1I2 hulstiana, Dyar (g. Racheospila) 109 humidaria, Swinh. (g. Hyfocoela) 143 hyalina, Warr. (g. Oosfila) 133 hyalinata, Moore (g. Comibaeza) IOI Hyalochlora (genus), Prout 2r, 125 Hyalorrhoé (genus), Warr. 186 Hydata (genus), Walk. SNZTSUTB hydatodes, Warr. (g. PArudocentra) 123 Hydrochroa (zenus). Gumpp. 70, 71 Hyphalia (zenus), Hübn. 121 Hypnochlora (genus), Schaus Hypobapta subg.;. Prout 41, 250 Hypochroma (genus), Guen. 38, 41 hypochromaria, Guen. (g. ZEolo- chroma) 36 Hypocoela (genus). Warr. I5. 142 hypocrites, Prout (g. Thalassodes) — 153 Hynpodoxa (genus), Prout — 5, ro, 33 hypoglauca, Hamps. (9$. 4rchaeo- balbis) 25 hypoleuca, Hamps. (g. Hipparchws) 72 hypoleucaria, Guen. (g. Pizgasa) 32 hvpoleucus, Low. (g. Chrysochloroma) 146 hypolichna. Turn. (g. Cymatoflex) 241 hypsithrona, Meyr. (g. Euloxia) 223 hyraria, Guen. (g. TAhalassodes) 152 Idiochlora (genus), Prout 16, 163 illacerata. Prout (g. Dolosis) 217 iguala. Dogn. (sg. Racheospila) 105 illidzei, Luc. (g. Chloéres) 240 illiturata, Walk. (g. Gelasma) 147 illustraria, Hulst (g. Dichorda) 128 imitans, Warr. (g. Gelasma) 140 imitans, Warr. (g. Racheosfila) 107 imitans, Warr. (g. Xanthoxena) 207 immacularia, Fabr (g. Iodis) 232 immaculata, Thunb. (g. Euchloris) 211 immissaria, Walk. (g. Thalassodes) — 152 immunifica, Prout (g. Victoria) 85. 86 impararia, Guen. (g. Dyschloropsis) 215 imparata, Herr.-Sch. (g. Dyschlorof- sis) 215 imparicornis, Warr. (g. Cymatoplex) 241 imperatrix, Marr. (g. Dysphania) 51 imperialis, Warr. (g. Dysphania) 51 imperialis, Warr. (g. GZonochlora) 57 implicata, luc. (g. Thalassodes) 152 impunctata, Warr. (g. Allochrostes) — 246 impunctata, Warr. (g. PArudocentra) 124 imula, Dogn. (g. AwopAyllodes) 251 261 Pages invotiria, alk. (v. Gelasma) I47 incertata, Gumpp. (g. CAhlorissa) 175 incertata, Walk. (g. MesotAhea) 176 inchoata, Walk. (g. Chloéres) 240 includaria, Herr.-Sch.(g. Auophylla) 130 inclusaria, Guen. (g. Auophylla) 13o inclusaría, Druce (g. Auophyllodes) — 131 inclusaria, Walk. (g. Racheospila) 104 incognita, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 106 incommoda, Prout (g. Hemistola) 18, 228 incomptaria, Leech (g. Spaniocentra) 95 inconcinnaria, Leech (g. Hemistola) 226 inconclusaria, Walk. (g. Talassodes) 152 inconspicua, Bast. (g. Racheospila) 105 inconsequens, Warr. (g. Sterictopsis) 24 indeclararia, Walk.(g. Racheospila) 109 indecretata, Walk. (g. Microloxia) 3, 200, 220 indecretata, Waxr. (g. Mixocera) 242, 243 indecretata, Hamps. (g. Neromia) 182 indeterminata, Walk.(g. Episothalma) 167 indigenaria, Treischke (g. Ewcrostes) 245 indigenata, Vill. (g. Eucrostes) 245. 248 indiscriminata, Walk. (g. Chlorochla- mys) 177 indistincta, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) 158 inductaria, Guen. (g. Comibaena) 97, 98 inductaria, Butl. (g. Comibaena) 100 infracta, Wilem. (g. Chloremachia) 251 ingrata, Wilem.(g Comibaena) 251 innotata, Walk. (g. Diplodesma! 185 innotata, Warr. (gz. Dysphauia) 51 innotata, Warr. (g. Ewcrostes) 245 innuba, Warr. (g. Azisozyga) 82 inops, Prout (g. Comostola) 237 inoptaria, Walk. (g. Hemistola) 226 inornata, Dogn. (g. DyscAeilia) 206 inornata, Warr. (g. Lathochlora) 186 inquilina, Dogn. (g. PArudocentra) 123 inquinata, Warr. (g. Strefsichlora) 160 insecutata, Walk. (g. Chlorissa) 175 insignata, Staud. (g. Chlorissa) 174 insolitaria, Leech (g. Hemistola) 226 insperata, Walk. (g. Anisozyga) 80 inspiciens, Prout (g. Lambornia) 235 insularia, Guen. (g. Hemithea) 170 insularis, Prout (g. Eucrostes) 246 insularis, Swinh. (g. M:mazdria) 3o insulsata, Warr. (g. Euxena) 64 intacta, Walk. (g. Euloxia) 223 intacta, Warr. (g. Synchlora) 115 integra, Warr. (g. Diflodesma) 185 integra, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 103, 106 262 Pages integranota, Hamps. (g. Comibaena) 97, 99 intensa, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 109 intensaria, Pears. (g. Nemoria) 113 interalbata, Prout (g. TAalassodes) 153 interalbicans, Warr. (g. Antharmos- tes) 143, 144 intercissa, Walk. (g. AgaíAia) 58 intermaculata, Warr.(g. Metacineta) 95 inleymedia, Waxr. (g. Phrudocentra) 122 intermedia, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) 159 intermixta, Walk. (g. Prasinocyma) | 157 interrupta, Bast. (g. Dysphania; 55 interrupta, Warr. (g. Hyfodoxa viri- dicoma, subsp.) 34 interrupta, Warr. (g. Pingasa) 32 interrupta, Bast. (g. Pampklebia ru- brolimbraria ab.) 201 inumbrata, Warr. (g. Jodis) 233 invasata, Walk.(g. Awofphyllodes) — 131 invenusta, Wall. (g. Syudromodes) | 204 inveterascaria, Swett (g. CAlorochla- mys) 177 invidens, Warr. (g. Gelasma) 149 iocentra, Meyr. (g. Eucrostes) 245 iodioides, Luc. (g. Agathia) 59 JIodis (genus), Hübn. 91919,1140 425391290: 225.1230:1234 iodisata, Staud. (g. Neromia) 182 iosoma, Meyr. (g. Hemithea) 170 iosticta, Meyr. ig. Prasinocyma) 158 lotaphora (genus). Warr. 13:979 ipomopsis, Low. (g. CAlorocoma) IgI iridaria, Guen. (g. Dichorda) 127 iridaria, Pack. (g. Dichorda) — 127, 128 iridescens, Warr. (g. Anisozyga) 82 iridescens, Warr. (g. Jodis) 19, 233, 234 iridicolor, Butl. (g. Zotaphora) 7 iris, Butl. (v. Drchorda) 127 irregularis, Warr. (s. Jodis) 232 irrorataria, Moore (g. Pingasa) 31 isadelpha, Turn. (g. Euloxia) 224 isolata, Warr. (g. Dysphania nmilita- ris, subsp.) 52 isolata, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 110 isometra, Warr. (g. Gnophosema) 48 ithearia, Swinh. (g. 4gatAia) 60 lulops (genus), Prout 6, 18, gr, 213 janeira, Schaus (g. PArudoceniva) ^ 122 jankowskiaria, Mill. (g. Euchloris) 212 jaspidata, Warr. (g. Oos£:la) 133 Jaspidiaria, Hulst (g. Phrudocentra) | 123 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Pages javensis, Warr. (g. Pingasa) 32 jenna, Dogn. (g. Racheosfila) 104 jessica, Swinh. (g. Dysphania mili- laris, subsp.) 52 Jodis (genus), Steph. 225 jucunda, Druce (g. Racheospila) 110 jucunda, Feld. (g. Racheospila) 109 junctolinearia, Graef (g. Nemoria) 112 kabaria, Swinh. (g. Bathycolpodes) — 141 khasiana, Warr. (g. Paramaxates) — 208 kina, Swinh. (sg. Tanaorhinus) 68 kingstonensis, Kirby (g. PArudocentra) 123 kinstonensis, Butl. (g. PArudocentra) 123 koranata, Feld. (g. Heterocrita) 138, 139, 217 koreana, Alph. (g. Dindica) 43 kühni, Warr. (g. Agai/iia) 59 kühnii, Paz. (g. Dysphania) 51 lacerataria, Graes. (g. Thalera) 216, 217 lactea, Geoffr. (g. Iodis) 231 lactearia, Linn. (g. Jodis)) 5, 225, 231 lactecincta, Warr. (g. Oosfila) 134 lactegutta, Waar. (g. Oospila) 134 lacunaria, Hed. (g. Agathia) 59 laesaria, Walk. (g. Comostola) 236 laetata, Fabr. (g. Agathia) 58 lafayaria, Dogn. (g. Racheospila) 108 lahayei, Ob. (g Pingasa) 32 18, 235 languescens, Warr. (g. Chloropteryx) 179 Lambornia (genus), Prout languida, Warr. (g. /Eolochroma) 35, 37 laqueifera, Prout (g. Agathia) 60 lariaria, Walk. (g. Pingasa) 31 Lasiochlora (genus), Warr. 2, 13, 203 lataria, Walk. (g. CAhlorissa) 173 Lathochlora (genus), Warr. "248. 13289386 latiaria, Pack. (g. Nemoria) III laticostata, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) 158 latifascia, Warr. (g. Pingasa) 32 latifasciata, Warr. (z. Prohydata) 187 latiflava, Warr. (g. Dysphania) 51 latilinea, Prout(g Comibaena) IOI latilineata, Walk. (g. Mixocera) 243 latimarginaria, Maass. (g. Phoro- desma) 248 latimargo, Warr. (g. Oospila) 133 latipennis, Hulst. (g. Dichorda) 127 latiplaga, Warr. (g. DyspAania) 51 latirosaria, Pears. (g. Nemoria) 112 latistriga, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) — 158 Pages latuta, Dogn. (g. Racheospila) 105 lechera, Dogn. (g. Chloropteryx) 179 leopardinata, Moore (g. Terpza) 41 lepidaria, Móschl.(g. Tachychlora) 119 leprosa, Warr. (g. Hyfodoxa) 34 leprosa, Hamps. (g. Microloxia) 200 Leptographa genus), Hübn. 8 Leptolopha (genus, Warr. 20, 128 Leptornis (genus), Billb. 09 lesteraria, Grossb. (g. Racheospila) IIO, II4 Leucesthes (genus), Warr. 5, 8, 18, 224 leucoceraria, Snell. (g. Racheospila) 109 leucochloraria, Mab. (g. Comibaena) 99 leucochorda, Meyr. (g. Euloxia) 223 Leucodesmia(genus), Warr. 235, 237 leucocraspeda, Prout (g. OmfAax) 196, 228 Leucoglyphica (genus), Warr. 230, 231 leucomelanaria, Pouj. (g. Terpna) — 40 leucomerata, Walk. (g. Comostola) | 236 leucophorata, Bast. (g. DyspAhanmia numana, ab.) 50 Leucorachis (genus), Warr. 104 leucospilata, Walk. (g. Comibaena) — o9 leucospilota, "Turn, (g. Berta chryso- lincata, subsp.) 234 leucospilota, Hamps. (g. Hemithea) 170 leucospilota, Moore (g. Thalassodes) 152 leucostigma, Warr. (g. 4uopityllodes) 131 leucostigmaria, Nietn. (g. Pingasa) 31 licada, Dogn. (g. Racheospila) 104 lichenosa, Warr. (g. Hypodoxa) 34 lilacina, Warr. (g. Oospila) 134 liliana, Swinh. (g. Hemistola) 225. 226 lilliputaria, Mab (g. Ewcrostis) 249 limbata, Moore (g. Cusuma) 56 Limbatochlamys (genus), Roth- schild II, 67 lineata, Warr. (g. Metallochlora) 165 lineata, Moore (g. Ornithospila) 77 liquoraria, Guen. (z. Synchlora) 115 liriata, Dogn. (g. Racheospila) 105 lissas, Prout (g. Hemistola chryso- jrasaria, subsp.) 227 Lissochlora (genus), Warr. 102 Lissolica (genus), Swinh. 207 lithocrossa, Meyr. (g. z4nisozyga) 8o lixaria, Dyar (g. Racheospila) 104 lixaria, Guen. (g. Racheospila) 103 longimacula, Semp. 'g. Dysphania) 51 Pages longipalpis, Warr. (g. CAloropteryx) 179 longipalpis, Warr. (g. Oospila) 134 longipennis, Warr. (g. Chlorochaeta) 102 longiplaga, Warr. (g. Oospila) 134 Lophochlora (genus), Warr. 12, 61 Lophochorista (renus), Warr. Lophocrita (venus), Warr. 15, 167, 168 Lophomachia (penus), Prout r1, 48 Lophophelma (subg.), Prout 40 Lophostola (genus), Prout 2 2-0 T72222092952. louisa, Hulst (g. Racheospila) 109 loxiaria, Guen. (s. PArudocentra) 124 Loxochila (genus), Butl. 79; 7I lucens, Warr. (g. PArudocentra) 122 lucida, Warr. (g. Sphagnodela) 44 lucidata, Don. (g. Hemistola) 227 lucifimbria, Warr. (g. GZaospila) 162 ludifica, Swinh. (g. DyspAania bel- lona ab.) 53 Iunatimargo, Prout (g. Heterorachis) 193 lunicincta, Warr. (g A4wophyllodes) 131 lunifera, Moore, (g. Dooabia) 63 lunifera, Warr. (g. Pachycopsis) 189 lunigera, Feld. (9g. Lastochlora) 203 lunulata, Butl. (g. Dysphania bel- lona ab.) 55 luteifimbria, Dogn. (g. Racheospila) 108 luteipes, Feld. (g. Terpna) 38. 40 luteomaculata, Grünb. (g. Dysphania) 54 Iuteopicta, Walk. (g. Dvsphania) 52 luteoviridata, Walk. (g. Tanaorhinus) 68 lycaenaria, Koll. (g. Agatha) 58 lycaenidia, Bast. (zr. Agathia) 60 lyra, Swinh. (rz. Spaniocentra) 95 mabillei. Th.-Mieg (sg. AglossocAlo- yis) 213 macariata, Walk. (g. Maxates) 163 macruraria, Walk.(g.Chlorodontopera) 167 maculata, Warr. (g. Agat/itofsis) 92 maculata, Moore (g. Comostola) 4. 236 maculata, Warr. (g. Hipparchus) 72 maculata, Luc. (g. Hyfochroma) - 42 maculimargo, Prout (g. AgatAia) 60 magnaria, Bast. (g. Racheospila) IIO magnata, Fuchs (g. TAalera fimbria- lis var.) 216 mapnidiscata, Prout (g. Racheospila) 108 magnifica, Moore (g. AgatAia) 59 magnifica. Schaus (g. Auophylla) 130 FAM. GEOMETRIDZE Pages magnifica, Swinh. (e. DyspAania.fe- nestrata, subsp.) 5o malachitica, Saalm. (g. Heterorachis) 193 malayanus, Guér. (e. Dysphanta) 54 malayanus, Walk. (g. Dysphania) 53 malayaria, Guen. (g. Dysphania) 53 malescripta, Warr. (g. CAlorissaj 174. malina, Butl. (rg. Pachycosis) 189 mandarinaria, Leech (g. Hipparchus) 72 mandarinata, Leech (rg. CAlorodoz- topera) , 65 manillarta, Guen. (g. Dysphania 53 marcescens, Warr. (gz. Avchichlora) — 87 [ marcida, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 105 margarita, Warr. (g. Leucesthes) 225 marginaria. Stoll (g. Oosfila) 133 marginata, Warr. (g. Antharmostes) 144 mareinata, Warr. (g. Archichlora) 8 marginata, Warr. (g. Bathycolpodes) 141 marginata, Warr. (v. Dizdica) 42 marginata, Warr. (g. Gelasma) 147 marginata, Warr. (g. OmfAax) 195 marginata, Warr. (g. Oospila) 133 marginata, Luc. (g. Pyrrhorachis) 239 marginepunctata, Warr. (g. Prasi- nocyma) 158 marginiplaga, Walk. (g. Racheospila) 109 mariae, Luc. (g. Comostola) 97. 99 marina, Butl. (g. Hemithea) 171 marina, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) 159 marinaria, Guen. (g. Eretmopus) 154 marmorata, Warr. (g. Camftolophia) 62 mars, Boisd. (e. Dysphania) 51 martiaria, Guen. (g. Dysphania) 51 masonaria, Schaus (sg. Chlorochlamys) 177 mathewi, Burr. (g. CAlorissa viridata ab ) 173 Maxates (genus), Moore 16, 163 meandraria, Guen. (g. Euloxia) 223 meeki, Warr. (g. CAirysochloroma) 3, 146 meeki, Warr. (g. Dioscore) 75 meeki, Warr. (g. Metallochlora) 164 meeki, Warr. (g. Pingasa) 33 Megalochlora (genus), Meyr. 70, 71, 168 megaloptera, Low. (g. CArysocklo- roma) 5, 145, 146 megaspilaria, Guen. (z. Rhomborista) 94 megastigma, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 110 melancholica, Prout (g. Gelasma) — 149 melanomma, Warr. (g. Dioscore) 74, 75 melanosema, Meyr. (g. Cryfsiphona) 44 melica, Swinh. (g. Diplodesma) 185 263 Pages melinaria, Herr.-Sch. (g. Chloríssa) 173 melleata, Warr. (g. Dysphania) 51 Melochlora (genus), Warr. 121, 123 melocrossa, Meyr. (g. Chlorocoma) | 191 menadaria, Staud. (g. Microloxia) 200 menadiara, Th.-Mieg (g. Microlo- xia) 200 meritaria, Walk. (g. Comostola) 236 Merochlora (genus), Prout 21, 221 mesocraspeda, Prout (g. Oospila) — 134 mesoleuca, Warr. (g. Anthavmostes) 143 Mesothea (genus), Warr 20, 175 Mesurodes (genus), Warr. 8, 149 Metacineta (genus), Prout 13, 95, 194 Metallochlora (renus), Warr. 13, 16, 164 Metallolophia (renus), Warr. 1r, 37 metarhodata, Walk. (g. ZEolochroma) 36 metaspila, Walk. (sg. Anisozyga) 80 Miantonota (genus), Warr. 102 micantaria, Esp. (g. Iodis) 232 miccularia, Guen. (g. Racheolopha) 129 micra, Warr. (g. odis) I0:5231,52383 Microloxia (genus), Warr. 3, 14, 130, 199, 201, 202, 215, 216, 220, 241, 242, 252 Microschema (genus), Warr. 56 microspila, Warr. (g. Oospila) 133 militaria, Guen. (g. DyspAhania) 52 militaris, Linn. (v. DyspAania) 52 militaris, Luc. (v. Metallochlora) 165 miltosticta, Prout (g. Neromia) 183 Mimandria (renus), Swinh. ro, 29 mimica, Warr. (g. CAloromma) 230 mimica, Warr. (g. Collesis) 220 mtimicata, Walk. (g. Synchlora) T3 mimosaria, Guen. (g. NVemoria) III minervaria, Guen. (sg. DysfAania 54 minimaria, Guen. (g. Efifristis) 29 minor, Warr. (g. Gigantothea) 161 minor, Warr. (g. Poecilochlora) 125 minor, Warr. (g. Racheospila) — 21, 105 minor, Warr.(g. Rhodochlora brunnet- falpis ab.) 78 minor, Warr. (g. Thalassodes dorsi- punctata ab.) 153 minorata, Warr. (g. Oosfila) 134 minuata, Walk. (g. Synchlora) 115 minuta, Druce (g. Agathia) 60 minutaria, Swinh. (g. Gonochlora) — 23o minutata, Druce (g. Comostola) 237 minutipuncta, Warr. (g. Prasino- cyma) 158 264 mirabilis, Warr. (g. Victoria) 86 mirandaria, Guen. (g. CAlorodes) 88 mistifimbria, Prout (g. Prasinocyma) 158, 251 mitigata, Prout (g. PArudocentra) 122 Mixeophanes (genus), Prout 5516,17,1247. 223 Mixocera (genus), Warr. 4. 18, 241, 242, 243 Mixochlora (genus), Warr. 67 Mixochroa (genus), Warr. 5716;.:18,1224. 225 Mixolophia (yenus), Warr. 16, 166 moderata, Walk. (g. Argyrographa) 199 modesta, Warr. (g. ZEolochroma) 36 modesta, Warr. (g. Omphax) 195 modesta, Dogn. (g. Racheospila) 251 mólleri, Warr. (g. Terpzna) 41 molliculata, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 104 mollissima, Dogn. (g. RacAeospila) 105 monetata, Guen. (g. Argyrophora) — 198 mongolica, Staud. (g. Ewchloris vol- garia var.) 211 monilaria, Fabr. (g. PAalaena) 248 moniliata, Warr. (g. 4uisozyga) 79, 81 monochroma, Prout (g. CAlovoster - vha) 218 monocyma, Meyr. (g. CAlorocoma) — 191 monophyes, Swinh. (g. Omphax) 196 montana, Bast. (g. NVeobalbis) 26 morbilliata, Feld. (g. Dryadopsis) — 113 moscovita, Gumpp. (g. Talera fim- brialis ab.) 216 multicolor, Warr. (z. Hyfodoxa) 34 multiplagiata, Warr. (g. 4wophylla) 130 mnltiscripta, Warr. (g. Agathia) 60 multitincta, Luc. (s. Jodis) 248 munda, Warr. (g. CAlorofteryx) 179 mundaria, Leech ig. Diplodesma) 185 mundata, Warr. (g. Comostola) 237 munita, Luc, (g. Pingasa) 33 muscicoloraria, Walk. (g. cteno- chroma) 28 muscipunctata, Dogn. (g. Telotetha) 205 muscosa, Warr. (g. Azisozyga) 81 muscosa, Butl. (g. Aracima) 65 muscosa, Dogn. (g. H»ydata) 188 muscosaria, Guen. (g. Hvpodoxa) 5. 34 mustela, Druce (g. Nemoria) 112 mutans, Butl. (g. Hipparchus) 71 mutaticolor, Prout (g. Nemoria) 113 myriosticta, Turn. (g. Hypodoxa! 35 Myrtea (genus), Gumpp. 90 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA y Pages naenia, Druce (g. CAeteoscelis) 117 nanda, Walk. (g. Zodis) 232 nanula, Warr. (g. Eucrostes) 245 nasuta, Warr. (g. Oosfila) 134 nayas, Geoffr. (g. Hemistola) 227 Neagathia (genus), Warr. 21, 124, 208 neavei. Prout (g. Prasinocyma) 157 neis, Druce (g. PArudocentra) 123 nelearia, Guen. (g. Epipristis) 28, 29 nelera, Swinh. (g. DyspAhania) 54 Nemoria (genus), Hübn. 4, 21, 110 Nemoriía (genus), Led. 172 nemoriata, Staud. (g. Gelasma) 148 Neobalbis (genus), Prout 10, 26 Neocrasis (genus), Warr. 21, 180 neomela, Meyr. (g. Metallochlora) 165, 166 Neonemoria (renus , Turn. 249 neonoma, Hamps. (g. Terpna) 38, 4o Neothela (genus), Turn. 19, 240 neptunus, Butl. (g. CAlorocoma) 191 nereidaria, Snell. (g. Comostola) 236, 237 neriaria, Herr.-Sch. (g. Comibaena) 98 Neromia (genus), Staud. 14, 182, 252 neseidaria, Warr. (g. Comostola) 23; Nesipola (genus), Warr. I2I, 123 netunaria, Guen. (g. Ortlocraspeda) — 28 Neurotoca (genus), Warr. 3, 4, 17, 228 nevadaria, Pack. (gz. CAlorosea) 116 nigraria, Feld. (g. Hypodoxa) 35 nigricincta, Warr. (gy. Racheospila) 108 nigricornis, Warr. (g. Omf/ax) 195, 196 nigricornis, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 105 nigrifrons, Hamps. (sg. Gelasma) 148 nigrimaculata, Warr. (g. 4nisozyga) 81 nigripes, Dogn. (g. Racheosfila) 251 nigripunctata, Warr. (g. A4zo0plosce- les) 172 nigripunctata, Warr. (g. Leptolopha) 129 nigripunctata, Warr. (y. Prasinocyma) 155 nigrisquama, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 107 nigroapicalis, Dogn. (g. Tachyphyle) 120 nigromacularia, Leech (g.Comibaena) 100 nigromaculata, Warr. (g. Anisosyga) — 81 nigromarginata, Bast. (g. DvspAania militaris ab.) 52 nigromarginata, Dogn. (g. PArudo- centra) 251 nigropunctata, Warr. (g. Hemithea) 171 nigrostriata, Bast. (g. DyspAania) 53 nitida, Luc. (g. Zodis) 248 niveiceps, Prout (g. PArudocentra) — 122 Pages niveisticta, Prout (g. Prasinocyma) 156 niveociliaria, Herr.-Sch. (g. Eueaza) 202 nivestrata, Rothsch. (g. TAalassodes) 153 nivestroía, Warr. (g. Chloromachia) 84 nivestrota, Warr. (g. Thalassodes) ^ 153 nivetacta, Warr. (g. Progonodes) 135 niveus, Butl. (g. Synclysmus) 45 nivisparsa, Butl. (g. Prasinocyma) 157 nobilitans, Luc. (g. CGEnocAlora) 57 norbertaria, Róssl. (g. lodis lactea- ria var.) 232 nordicaria, Schaus (g. CAloropteryx) 179 nortia, Druce (g. Synchlora) 115 notata, Warr. (g. Neurotoca) 4, 229 Nothoterpna (genus), Warr. 18, 217. 218, 229 nubecula,Warr. (g. CArysochloroma) | 146 nubigena, Woll. (g. Xenochlorodes) 247 nudilimbaria, Mab. (g. Eucrostes indigenata, var.) 245 numana, Cram. (g. DyspAania) 5o numanaria, Guen. (g. Dysphania) 5o numenia, Hübn. (g. Dysphania) 5o nyctemerata, Walk. (g. Pingasa) 31 nympha, Butl. (z. Comostola) 4, 236 nyssiata, Feld. (g. Hypochroma) 42 obeliscata, Warr. (g» 4uopAylla) 134 obliqua, Hulst (g. Nemoria) 112 obliquata, Warr. (g. PAhrudocentra) 122 obliquissima, Walk. (g. Euloxia) 223 obliterata. Walk. (g. CAlorissa) 174 obliterata, Leech (g. Hemithea) 171 oblongata, Warr. (g. Perithalera) 144 obnubilata, Warr. (g. Agathia) 60 obnubilata, Warr. (g. P/rudocentra) 123 obnupta, Swinh. (g. Diplodesma) 185 obscurata, Warr. (g. Efisothalma) — 168 obscurata, Warr. (g. Neocrasis) 180 obsolescens, Warr. (g. Oospila trilu- naria ab.) 132 obsoleta. Warr. (g. AgatAia) 59 obsoleta, Burr. (g. Euchloris smarag- daria, ab.) 211 obsoleta, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) 158 obsoletaria, Leech (g. Comibaena) — 100 occulta, Warr. (g. TachyfAyle) 120 occultaria, Guen. (g. Crypsiphona) 45 ocellata, Swinh. (g. Episothalma) 168 ocellata, Warr. (g. Metallolophia) 38 ocellata, Stoll (g. Racheospila) 109 ochrea, Warr. (g. ZEolochroma) 36 ochrea,Warr. (g. Cacochloris) 5, 209, 210 Pages ochreipicta, Swinh. (g. ArcAaeobal- bis) 25 ochrella, Strand (g. EucAloris) 253 Ochrognesia (genus), Warr. 12, 90 ochrolauta, Warr. (g. Mixolophia) 167 ochroneurodes, Prout(g CAlorocoma, 192 ochthaula, Meyr. (g. Euloxia) 223 ockendeni, Druce (g. LofAochorista) 136, 137 ocultaria, Don. (g. Cryfpsiphona) 44, 250 ocyptera, Meyr. (g. Prasinocyma) 157 CEnochlora genus), Warr. 8, 13, 57 CEnospila (genus), Swinh. 4, 15, 16r oleagina, Warr. (g. Mixocera) 243 oleraria, Guen. (g. Amaurinia) 248 olivacea, Warr. (g. Agatha) 60 olivacea, Feld. (g. Iodis) 233 olivaceo-marginata, Burr. (g. CAlo- rissa viridata ab.) 173 olivata, Warr (g. Diplodesma) 185 olivescens, Warr. (g. Beríaj — 233, 234 olivia, Schaus (g. TachypAyle) 120 oloidaria, Schaus (g. Chloropteryx) ^ 179 olympiaria, Boh. (g. Hierochthonia) 204 olympiaria, Herr.-Sch. (g. XenocAlo- rodes) 247 Omphacodes (genus), Warr. 5::167717:0197,.220 Omphax (genus), Guen. 4; 5, 15, 16, 190, 193, 194, 228, 252 Oospila (genus), Warr. "i EXSR SEA oospila, Prout (g. C/teroscelis) 138 opaca, Butl. (g. PArudocentra) 123 opaca, Warr. (e. T/Aalassodes) 152 opalaria, Guen. (g. odis) 19, 232, 234 opalina, Warr. (g. Metallolophia) 38 opalina, Butl.(g TAalassodes, 152 ofalina, Druce (g. T'halassodes) 152 ophthalmicata, Moore (g.Zdiochlora) 164 Opisthotia (genus), Warr. II, 88 oporaria, Zell. (g. Mesot^ea) 176 oppleta, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 108 orbimaculata, Warr.(g. Azisozyga) 82 ornata, Warr. (g. Ctenothea) 181 ornataria, Leech (g. Comibaena) 100 ornataria, Moore (g. Terza) 38, 39 orndtifimbria, Warr. (g. Gelasma) 148 Ornithospila (genus), Warr. 2709-07: 115976. Orthocraspeda (genus), Prout T1228 orthodesma, Low. (g. Gelasma) 145, 148 Osteosema (genus), Warr. 12, 88, 89 FAM. GEOMETRID/E Pages Ostracites, Karsch (g. Thalassodes) — 153 ovifera, Warr. (g. Comostola) 4, 236, 237 oxycentra, Meyr. (g. Prasinocyma) 157 Oxychora (genus), Warr. 15, 160 oxycyma, Meyr. (g. Epipristis mini- maria, subsp.) 29 Pachista isubg.), Prout 40 Pachycopsis (genus), Warr. 20, 189 Pachyodes (genus), Guen 38, 39 pacifica, Feld. (g. Azisozyga) 80 pacifica, Prout (g. CAloropteryx) 179 pacificaria, Móschl. (g. Racheospila) 106 packardaria Grote (g. Racheospila) | 104 pagenstecheri, Semp. (g. Aznisozyga) 81 palaestinensis, Fuchs (g. CAlorissa) — 174 palestraria. Guen. (g. DysfAhazia) 55 pallescens, Warr. (g. Chlovopteryx subrufescens ab.) 179 pallescens, Hamps. (s. Zodis; 232 palliata, Warr. (g. Cheroscelis) 137, 138 pallida, Warr. (g. Eucrostes) 245 pallida, Warr. (g. Nothoterpna) 217, 218 pallida, Warr. (g. Oospila) 133 pallida, Warr. (g. SyncAlora) 116 pallida, Narr. (g. Xenochlorodes) 247 pallidaria, Schaus (g. Leptolopha) ^ 129 pallidata, Warr. (g. CAloromachia) 84 pallidicincta, Warr. (g. Comibaena) 100 pallidularia, Mab. (g. CAlorissa) 174 pallidulata, Mab. (g. Prasinocyma) 156 palliplagiata, Walk. (g. CAloroparda) 140 palmyra, Stoll (g. Dysphania) 54 palmyraria, Guen. (g. Dysphania) 54 Pamphlebia (genus), Warr. I4, 201, 202, 230 pannosa, Moore (g. Spaziocentra) 95 papilio, Prout (g. Azharmostes) 15, 143, 144 papilionaria, Drury (g. Heleoza) 55 papilionaria, Linn. (g. Hipparchus) 7, 70, 71, 169 papilionaria, Wilkes (g. Pseudoterpna) 47 papuensis, Warr. (g. Melochlora) 249 para, Swinh. (g. Dindica) 42 Paragathia (genus), Warr. 12:461 parallelaria, Leech (g. Hemistola) — 226 Paramaxates venus), Warr. 18, 207 paraphylla, Low. (g. CAlorocoma) — 191 Paraplodes (genus), Warr. 189 Paraprasina (genus), Warr. 14, I99, 200 paratorna, Meyr.(g Hyfochroma) 24, 248 265 Pages paratorna, "T urn. (g. Sterictopsis) 24 parcipuncta. Dogn. (g. Racheospila) 107 Pareuchloris (genus), Warr. 225 Pareuschema (genus), Th.-Mieg 49 pariciliata, Fuchs (g. CAlorissa) 174 Paromphacodes genus), Warr. ZIEIIS paroptila, Turn. (g. Terpaa) 40 partita, Prout (g. A4uop/Ayllodes) 131 partita, Walk. (g. Uliocnemis) [i parvipuncta, Warr. (g. Racheospila) I04, 105 parvula, Walk. (g. Epipristis) 29 parvulata, Swinh. (g. Chlorissa) 174 parvulata, Walk. (g. Eucrostes) 245 parvulata, Warr. (g. Microloxia) 200 parvulata, Walk. (g. Mixocera) 242, 243 pasama, Dogn. (g. Racheospilaj 105 pastor, Butl. (g. Osteosema) | 89 patara, Druce (g. Gelasma) 148 fatrocinatus, Luc. (g. GEnochlora) 57 patula, Walk. (g. Dyspkania) 54 paularia, Móschl. (g. CAloropteryx) 178 paulinaria, Pag. (g. Pingasa) 31 pauper, Warr. (g. Agathia) 60 paupera, Th.-Mieg (g. Dysphania doubledayi ab.) 53 Pauresthes genus), Warr. 154, 155 pectinaria, Grossb. (g. CAeteoscelis) 117 pellucidaria, Dogn. (g. ProAydata) 187 pellucidula, Turn. (g. Hemithea) 171 penicillata, Walk. (g. Eretmopus) 154 fennisignata, Walk. (g. Ornithospila) 76 Pentheochlora (genus), Prout I4. I50 percomptaria, Guen. (g. Terpna) 3:238-141:043:5250 percota, Swinh. (g. Dysphania) 54 peregrina, Bast. (g. DyspAiania) 50 perfectaria, Walk. (g. Pingasa) 31 perfulvata, Warr. (g. ZEolochroma) 36 periculosa, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) | 158 periphracta, Turn. (g. CAlorocoma) 191 Perissolophia (genus), Warr. 42 peristicta, Prout (g. CEnosfla) 162 Perithalera (genus), Prout. 16, 144 jerlepidaria, Walk. (g. Comostola) 236 perlepidata, Walk. (g. Comibaena) 1o1l perlineata, Waxr. (g. CEnospila) 162 permagna, Warr. (g. Leptolopha) 129 perornata, Warr. (g. Archichlora) 87 jerpendiculata, Warr. (g. Dichorda) — 127 126 perpulchra, Warr. (g. Chrotochlora) 266 Pages perrupta, Warr. (g. Auophyllodes invasata, ab.) 131 persimilis, Warr. (g. Berta) 233. 234 perviridaria, Pack. (g. Merochlora) 222 perviridata, Warr. (g. ZEolochroma saturataria, ab ) 36 perviridis, Prout (g. Hemistola) 228 petitaria, Christ. (g. Hierochthonia) 205 phaeostigma, "Turn. (g. Prasinocyma) 158 Phaiogramma(gzenus),Gumpp. 172 philyraria, Hübn. (g. Phrudocentra) 124 phoenicosticta, Prout (g. Vemoria) 183 phoenix, Prout (g. Dichorda) 128 phrixopa, Meyr. (g. Argyrocosma) 96 Phrudocentra /zrenus), Warr. 22, I2I, 208 phylira, Cram. (g. PArudocentra) 124 phylirata, Fabr. (g. Phrudocentra) 124 phyllinaria, Hulst (g. Chlorochlamys) 177 phyllinaria, Zell. (g. Chlorochlamys) 177 phyllosa, Pag. (g. Gznospila) 162 pictaria, Moore (g. Terpna) 38, 3o pictifimbria, Warr. (g. Hemithea) 170 pictifimbria, Warr. ig. Prasinocyna) 156 pictipennis, Butl. (g. Comibaena) 97, 99 picturata, Hamps. (g. Lophomachia) 85 pieroides, Walk. (g. Auisozyga) 79. 80 pigraria, Sepp (g. PArudocentra) I2T./122 pilaria, Guen. (g. T'Aalassodes) 152 pilosa, Butl. (g. DyspAania; 51 Pingasa (renus), Moore ro, 3o, 250 Pingasia (yenus), Moore 3o pisina, Butl. (g. Agata) 59 pisina, Warr. (g. M etallochlora) 165 pistacearia, Hulst (g. CAhlorissa) 175 pistacearia, Hulst (g. Nemoria) 112 pistaceata, Gumpp. (g. CAlorissa) 175 pistaciaria, Pack. (g. Nemoria) 111, 112 pistaciata, Pack. (g. Chlorissa) 175 pistasciaria, Guen. (g. CAlorissa) 175 plagiata, Auriv. (g. Cheroscelis) 138 plana, Wilem. (g. Chlorissa) 252 planimargo, Prout (g. Xenochroma) — 46 plantaria, Guen, (g. OmpAhax) 195 plena, Walk. (g. DyspAania) 53 plenifimbria, Warr. (g. Racheosprla) 105 Pleuroprucha (genus). Móschl. 7 plurimaculata, Warr. (g. Oospila) — 134 plusiaria, Boisd. (g Euchloris) SUZIIP AI Poecilochlora (genus), Warr. 21, 125, 18o LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Pages Poecilostigma | zenus),, Warr. 154, 155 poeyii, Guér. (g. Dyspliania) 51 Polenivora (genus), Gistl 49 polluta, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) 158 polygrapharia, Walk. (g. Paramaxa- tes) 208 polyleucotes, Prout (g. Anisozyga) 82, 253 polyphaenaria, Guen. (g. Dindica) — 42 pomona, Geoffr. (g. Hemistola) 227 pomposa, Dogn. (g. Racheospila) 110 popayanaria, Dogn. (g. Hydata) 188 porphyropa, Low. (g. Xenochlaena) 249 porphyropis, Low. (g. Xenochlaena) — 249 porracearía, Ramb. (g. Pseudoterpna) 47 porrinaria, Herr.-Sch. (g. CAlorissa) 173 porrinata, Zell. (g. CAlorissa) 173 povera, Schaus (g. Hydata) 188 praeampla, Warr. (g. Osteosema) 89 praerupta, Butl. (g. Zodis) 232 prasina, Warr. (g. ZEolochroma) 36 prasina, Swinh. (g. Agata) 58 prasina, Warr. (g. Gelasma) 148 prasinaria, Eversm. (g Euchloris) — 211 prasinaria, Hufn. (g. Hipparchus) 71 prasinaria, Fabr. (g. Pseudoterpna) — 47 prasinaspis, Meyr. (g. Agatha, 5g prasinata, Walk. (g. Chlorissa) 173 prasinata, Wern. (g. Chlorissa, 173 Prasinocyma (genus), Warr. 4; 13, 17, 146, 154, 220, 23I Prasinoscia i/vrenus), Warr. 249 prasinus, Butl. (y. Tanaorhinus) 69 pratti, Prout (g. Hipparchus) 71 pretiosaria, Staud. (g. CAlorissa) 169, 174 proba, Butl. (g. Dysphanita) 54 Probolosceles (xenus), Warr. 97, o8 Proboloscles (genus), Sharp 97 procellosa, Warr. (£g. Oospila) 134 procumbaria, Pryer (g. Comibaena) 97. 08, 99 productaria, Druce (g. Chloropteryx: | 178 productaria. Herr.-Sch. (g. CAloro- pteryx) 178 Progonodes (genus), Warr. 20, 135 Prohydata (genus), Schaus 3, 21, 186 projiciens, Prout (g. ProAydata) 187 promissaria, Staud. (z. Hipparchus) ^ 72 promontoria, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 108 propinqua, Prout (g. Hydata) 188 Prosomphax (genus). Warr. 14, 196 Protophyta (genus), Turn. 2, 8, 9, 22 Pages protractaria, Herr.-Sch. (sg. PArudo- centra) 123 protrusa, Butl. (g. Gelasma) 147 proutaria, Pears. (g. CAlorosea) 116 proximata, Warr. (g. Metallochlora) 165 pruinata, Hufn. (g. Pseudoterpna) 46, 47. 250 pruinosa, Butl. (g. Microloxia) 200 pruinosata, Staud. (g. Holoterpuna) 214 prunicolor, Moore /g. DyspAhania) 54 pryeri, Butl. (g. Pingasa) 31 Pseudhemithea i|pgenus,, Bast. 14, 183 Pseudoterpna enu: Hübn. 9, 10, 3o, 46, 195 Pseudoterpna (genus), Meyr. 38 pseudoterpnaria, Guen. (g. Prngasa) 31 pseudoterpnaria, Cot, &Swinh.(g.Pin- gasa) 32 38, 39 psittacina. Feld. (g. Ornithospila) 77 Psilotagma 'suby.), Warr. psittacina, Prout (g. Racheospila) 108 Ptychopoda (genus), Steph. 7 pudentifimbria, Prout (g. Diplo- desma) 184, 185 pudica, Pag. (g. Metallochlora) 165 pudicata, Walk. (g. Rhadinomphax) 197 bugnataria, Guen, (g. Dysphania) 54 pulchella, Warr. (g. CAloromachia) — 84 fulchella, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 109 pulcherrima, Butl. (g. CAloractis) 209 pulchra, Staud. (g. Comibaena) 100 pulchraria, Swinh. (g. Prasinocyma) 156 pulchrifimbria, Warr. (g. OmpAa- codes) 221 pulchrifimbria, Warr. (g. Racheo- spila) IIO pulmentaria, Guen. (g. CAlorissa) 172, 174, 232 pulveraria, Schaus (g. Dryadopsis) 113 pulverata, Warr. (z. Hierochthonia) 204 pulvereisparsa, Hamps. (g. Neromia) 182 pulveriplaga, Warr. (g. Archichlora) 86, 87 punctaria, Swinh. (g. Comibaena) — 1oo punctata, Warr. (g. Agathia) 59 punctata, Warr. (g. Chloropteryx) 178 punctata, Warr. (g. Phrudocentra) 124 punctifimbria, Warr. (g. CAlorissa) 174 punctifimbria, Warr. (g. Dioscore) 158, 251 punctifimbria, Warr. (s. Prasino- cyma) 158 Pages punctilinea, Dogn. (g. CAloropteryx) 179 punctilinea, Dogn. (g. RacAeospila) 107 punctilineata, Warr. (g. OmpAhacodes) 221 punctilligera, Warr. (g. Prasino- cyma) 158 punctiseriata, Dogn.(g. RacAeospila) 108 punctulata, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) 158 puntillada, Dogn. (g. Racheospila) — 108 pupillata, Warr. (g. PArudocentra) — 121 pupillata, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) | 156 purpurascens, Warr. (g. Dysphania! 5o purpurata, Bast. |g. Dizndica) 43 purpureotincta, Narr. (g. Racheospila) 104 purpureoviridis, WNarr.(g. Racheospila) 104 purpurifera, Warr. (g Hyfodoxa) 34 purpurissa, Warr. (g. ZEolochroma) 37 purpurissata, Luc. (g. Hyfodoxa) 34 pustulata, Hufn. (g. Comibaena) 3, 7. 97, 98 putata, Linn. (v. Jodis) 232 putataria, Esp. (g. odis) 231 putataria, Hübn. (e. Jodis) 232 putatoria, Linn. (g. Iodis) 232 Pycnodontia (genus), Warr. 194 Pyrochlora (genus), Warr. 22, 118 pyropa, Meyr. (g. Euloxia) 224 Pyrrhaspis (genus), Warr. 154, 155 pyrrhogona, Walk. (g. Pyrrhorachis) 239 Pyrrhorachis (genus), Warr. I9, 238, 248 Pyrrhorhachis (genus). Turn. — 238 quadraria, Guen. (e. T/ialassodes) I51, 152 quadraria, "Turn. (g. Thalassodes) 152 quadrilinea, Luc. (g. ZEolochroma) 36 quadrinotata, Butl. (e. Comibaena) 97, 99 quadripartita, Luc (g. ZEolochroma) — 36 quadripunctata, Waxr. (g. Hemithea) | 171 quadriplagiata, Bast. (g. Dysphania andamana ab.) 52 quantilla, Turn. (g. CenocAlora) 242 quantula, Swinh. (g. Euchloris) SNOTOM IS quieta, Luc. (g. Cenochlora) 242 quieta, Prout (g. Prosomfhax) 196, 197 quinaria, Moore (g. Agata) 58 quinquemaculata, Warr. (g. Oospila) 134 Racheolopha (genus), Warr. 21, 129 Racheospila (genus), Guen. 3, 4, 8, 21, 102, 248, 251 radiata, Walk.(g. Aglossochloris) 212, 213 FAM. GEOMETRIDZS Pages radiata, Warr. (g. Hydata) 188 rafflesii, Moore (g. Tanaorhinus) 68 recessa, Walk. (g. Dysphania) 54 reciprocata, Walk. (g. Tanaorhinus) 68 recognita, Saalm. (eg. Piugasa) 32 rectaria, Grote (g. Dichorda) 127 rectifasciata, Hamps. (g. Mixocera) | 243 rectilinea, Zell. (g. Chlorochlamys) 177 rectilinea, Warr. (g. Hemistola) 226 rectilinea, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 107 rectilinearia, Leech (g. Neromia) 182 reducta, Walk. (g. Hemithea subfla- vida, subsp.) 171 reductata, Walk. (g. CAlorissa) 174 reflexaria, Walk. (g. Comibaena) IOI regalis, Butl. (g. DyspAhania) 55 regnatrix, Warr. (g. Dysphania) 51 remota, Walk. (g. DyspAazia) 52 remota, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 104, 106 vemotaria, Walk. (g. Dichorda) I27 renovata, Walk. (g. Pseudoterpna) 250 respondens, Walk. (g. Pzngasa) 32 restricta, Warr. (g. Oospila) 133 resumpta, Walk. (g. Euschema) 55 rhadamaria, Guen. (g. Pingasa) 32 Rhadinomphax (genus), Prout 395135195; 197; 218 rhanis, Cram. (g. Pyrochlora) 118 rhanisaria, Stoll (g. Pyrochlora) 118 Rhodesia (renus), Warr. 13, 202 rhodocera, Hamps. (g. OmpAax) 196 Rhodochlora (genus), Warr. 4, 19, 78 rhodocosma, Meyr. (g. Prasinocyma) 157 rhodocrossa, Turn. (g. CAlorocoma) 19r rhodoloma, Turn. (s. CAlorocoma) — 192 rhodophthalma, Prout (g. Ewcrostes) 245 rhodosticta, Hamps. (g. Metacineta) 95 Rhodostrophia (genus), Hübn. 6, 7 rhoisaria, Chrét. (g. Microloxia) 252 Rhombochlora (|genus) Warr. 8, 20, 136 Rhomborista (genus), Warr. 3, 14, 93, 140 Rhuma (genus), Walk. 91823 rhytiphorus, Turn. (g. TAalassodes) 152 ricinaria, Guen. (g. Thalassodes) 152 robustaria, Guen. (g. Episothalma) 167 robustaria, Leech (g. TAalera) 216 voepstorfa, Moore (g. Dysphania) 53 rosea, Gumpp. (g. Chlorissa clora- ria ab.) 173 rosearia, Culot (g. CAlorissa viri- data ab.) 173 267 Pages roseata, Wazrr. (g. Eucrostes) 245 roseilinearia, Dogn. (g. Racheospila) 104 roseipalpis, Feld. (g. RAodocAlora | 78 roseitacta, Prout (g. CAlorosea) 116 rosipara, Warr. (g. Oospila) 133 rosthorni, Rothsch. (g. LzmbatocAla- nmys) 67 rothi, Warr. (g. CAhlorodrepana) 142 rothschildi, Warr. (g. RAhodochlora) — 78 rubella, Warr. (g. Metacineta) 95 rubescens, Warr. (g. Racheolofha) 135 'rubicunda, Warr. (g. Pingasa) 32 rubivora, Riley (g. SyncAhlora) 115 vubtvoraria, Pack. (g. Syauchlora) 115 rubriceps, Warr. (g. OmpAax) 196 rubricorpus, Warr. (g. Cheroscelis) — 138 vnbridentata, Warxr. (g. Allochrostes) | 246 rubridisca, Warr. (g. Eucrostes) 245 rubrifrons, Warr. «g. Hemithea| 171 rubrifrontaria, Pack. (g. RacAeo- spila) 103, 104 rubrifrontaria, Pack: (g. Syuchlora) 115 vubrifrontaria, Dyar (g. Synchlora) 115 rubrilineata, Warr. (g. Agathia) 59 rubrimacula, Warr. (g. Prasino- cyma) 156 rubrimaculata, Warr. (g. Celidom- phax) 194 rubrimargo, Warr. (g. Hemistola) 225, 226 rubrimargo, Warr. (g. ParomfAa- codes ) 118 rubripicta, Warr. (g. Hemithea) 171 rubriplaga, Warr. (g. Omphax) 195 rubripuncta,Warr. (g. Metallochlora) 165 rubripunctata, Warr. (g. Pyrrho- rachis) 239 rubripunctilla, Prout (g. Neromia) 172 rubristellata, Warr. (g. Parompha- codes) 118 vubristicta, Warr. (g. Comostolopsis) 238 rubritincta, Warr. (g. Chrysochlo- roma) 146 rubrolimbaria, Meyr. (g. Pamphlebia) 201 rubrolimbataria, Moore (g. Pamphle- bia) 201 rubrolimbraria, Guen. (g. PampAle- bia) PZOT rubrolinearia, Pack. (g. RacAeospila) 1 103, 104 vubrolincata, Hulst(g. Racheospila) 105 rubromarginavia, Pack. (g. Racheo- spila) 104 268 Pages rubroviridata, Warr. (g. Terpna) 40 rufaria, Warr. (g. Rhodochlora brun- neipalfis ab.) 78 ruficeps, Warr. (g. Pyrrhorachis) 239 ruficincta, Warr. (g. Oxychora) 161 Yuficinctaria, Snell. (p. PampAlebia) 201 ruficoloraria, Warr. (g. Terpna) 40 ruficornis, Warr. (g. Microloxia) 200 ruficosta, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) — 159 ruficosta, Hamps. (g. Terpna) 40 rufidorsaria, Snell. (g. Racheospila) 109 rufifrontaria, Hamps. (g. Geometra) 73 rufiguttata, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 104 rufilime-, Warr. (g. Racheolofha) 129 rufilineata, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 110 rufilunata, Warr. (g. Pizgasa) 33 Yufmargo, Warr. (g. Chloromachia) 84 rufimargo, Warr. (g. Comostola) 237 ruftpicta, Prout (g. Racheospila) 108 rufiplaga, Warr. (g. Oosfila) 133 rufipunctata, Warr.(g. Anisozyga) Bi rufisttira, Warr. (g. Prasinocywa) 159, 161 rufitincta, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) 157 rufivaria, Warr. (g. ZEolochroma) 37 rufociliaria, Herr.-Sch. (g. Eucrostes) 245 rufocellata, Mab. (g. Ewcrostes) 245 rufofasciata, Moore (g. Pingasa) 32 rutofrontaria, Gumpp. (g. Synchlora) 115 rufolimbaria, Hed. (g, Culpinia) 139 rufomarginata, Pag. (g. Metacineta) 96 rufonigraria, Walk. g..4fpodasmia) 48 rufostellata, Mab. (g. Comostolopsis) 238 rufotincta, Burr. (g. Chlorissa viri- data ab.) 173 ruginaria, Guen. (g. Pingasa) 30, 31, 250 rugistrigula, Prout (g. Prasinocyma) 157 ruptimacula, Warr. (g. Oospila) 133 ruptimacula, Warr. (g. Oospila) 134 sabiata, Warr. (g. Allochrostes) 246 sagana, Druce (g. Dysphania mili- taris, subsp.) 52 saliata, Feld. (g. Allochrostes) 246 salsa, Warr. (g. Xenochroma| 45, 46 saltusaria, Hulst (g. Eucana) 202 salutaria, Swinh.(r. Prasinocyma) | 156 sanguilineata, Moore (g. Osteosema) | 89 sanguinicosta, Prout (e. Prasinocyma) 156 sanguinipuncta, Warr. (g. Metallo- chlora) 165 sanguinipuncta, Feld. (g. RAadinom- phax 197 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Pages sanguinipunctata, Dogn. (g. Ra- cheospila) 105 sapoliaría, Swinh. (g. Thalassodes) — 152 sapungkanana, Strand (g. Pingasa) 250 sarptaria, Móschl. (g. Auophyllodes) 131 satisfacta, Walk. (g. Hydata) 188 satisfacta, Druce (g. Hydata) 188 saturata, Bang-Haas (g. Microloxia) 200 saturata, Prout (g. Pseudhemithea, — 184 saturata, Snell. (g. TAalassodes) 152 saturataria, Walk. (g. ZEolochroma) — 36 saturataria, Walk. (g. Anisozyga) 8o scintillans, Warr. (g. Anisozyga) 82 scissaria, Feld. (g. Prasinocyma) 155 scitissimaria, Walk. (g. Anisozyga) 80 scriptaria, Hübn. (g. Leptographa) 248 scriptifasciata, Walk. (g. Comibaena) 1o1 scripturata, Warr. (g. Hydata) 188 scutiligera, Cot. & Swinh. (g. Rhom- borista) 94 scutuligera, Butl. (g. RAomborista) 94 scyllea, Swinh. (g. Dysphaauia) 53 selangora, Swinh. (g. DyspAania mi- litaris, subsp.) 52 sellata, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 107 sellifera, Warr. (g. Oospila) 134 semialba, Swinh. (g. CAlorosterrha) 218 semialba, Walk. (g. Lophomachia) 85 semialbaria, Guen. (g. Oospila) 133 semialbida, Prout (g. Hemistola) 227 semicaudata, Prout (g. Progonodes) 135 semicrocea, Walk. (g. Prasinocyma) 157 semiflava, Warr. (g. Dysphania) 55 semifulva, Warr. (g. Dysphania) 51 semigrisea, Warr. (z. BatAycolpodes) 141 semihyalina, Walk. (g. T/Aalassodes| 152 semilucida, Schaus (g. Neagathia) — 125 semimarginata, Warr. (g. 4nthar- mostes marginata ab.) 144 seminivea, Warr. (g. Anisozyga) 82 semiornata, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 108 semiplena, Walk. (g. Euschema) 55 semipurpurea, Warr. (g. R/hombo- rista) ü4 semirufa, Druce (g. Hyfocoecla) 143 semispurcata, Warr. (g. Ouspila) 134 semitaria, Püng. (g. Hierochthonia) 204 semiviridis, Warr. (g. Oosfila) 134 sericata, Bast. (g. Dysphania double- dayi ab.) 53 serraria, Staud. (g. Euchlorrs) 212 serrata, Wilem. (g. Aracima) 65 serraticornis, Warr. (g. Mixocera) 243 Pages sesquiplaga, Prout (g. Oosfila) 135 sexmaculata, Warr.(g. Amisozyga) 82 shorti, Prout (g. Ompkax) à 252 siamensis, Bast. (r. Dvsphania mili- — ' taris ab.) 52 sideralis, Luc. (g. Anisozyga) 8r sigillaria, Guen. (g. Racheospila) 109 signifera, Warr. (g. Hemistola) 228 signifera, Warr. (z Prasinocyma) 158 signifrontaria, Mab. (g. Pingasa) 32 silena, Schaus (g. Taehyphyle) 119 simiaria, Guen. (g. Prasincyma) 155 similiplaga, Warr. (g. AuofAhyllodes) 131 similis, Moore (g. Terfna) 40 simonyi, Reb. (g. Eucrostes) 245 simplex, Warr. (g. Chlorissa) 174 simplex, Warr. (gr Comostolopsis) 238 simplex, Warr. (g. Hemistola) 226 simplex, Warr. (g. Hemistola) 227 simplex, Warr. (g. CEnosfila) 162 simplex, Alph. (z. Pseudoterpna) 250 simplicearia, Walk. (g. Amaurinia) 177 simpliciaria, Leech (g. Euchloris) 212 simpliciaria, Walk. (g. Pamphlebia) 201 simplicissima, Prout (g. Hemistola) 228 sinapiaria, Pouj. (g. Archaeobalbis) 25, 26 singularis, Kersh. (g. Pingasa) 33 sinuata, Moore (g. CEnospila) 162 sinuosaria, Leech (g odis) 233 sisunaga, Walk. (g. Episothalma) 167 sitellaria, Guen. (g. Racheospila) 102, 109 Skorpisthes (genus). Luc. 3o, 31, 33 smaragdaria, Fabr. (g. Euchloris) 7, 211 smaragdarius, Curt. (g. Euchloris) 211 smaragdularia, Staud. (g. Euchloris) 212 smaragdus, Hamps. (g. Comibaena) 98 smaragdus, Butl. (g. Hipparcius) 68; 70, 7X snelleni, Pag. (g. DyspAania) 51 sodalis, Moore (g. DyspAania excu- bitor, subsp.) 53 solaria, Swinh. (g. Agatha) 60 solidaria, Guen. (g. Chlorissa) 173 sordida, Schaus (g. Hydata) 188 sororcula, Warr. (g. Prasimocyma) — 159 Spaniocentra (genus), Prout 13, 94, 137, 140 speciosa, Luc. (g. Anisozyga) 80 spectabilis, Walk. (g. Dvsphania) 51 spectabilis, Butl. (g. Hydata) 188 specularia, Guen. (g. Aporandria) 77, 78 sphagnata, Feld. (g. Actenochroma) 28 Pages Sphagnodela (renus), Warr. 10, 43 spilosata, Warr. (g. Hydata) 188 splendens, Druce (g. Hyalochlora) 126 splendida, Bast. (g. Dysphanía fene- strala, subsp.) 50 splendidaria, Grossb. (g. Nemoria) 112 sponsaria, Brem. (g. Hipparchus) 7015725-X68 sporadata, Warr. (g. Racheolopha) — 135 spumata, Warr. (g. Gelasma) 149 spumifera, Wazrr. (g. odis) 232 spumosaria, Dogn. (g. C/iloropteryx) 179 squalidaria, Costa ig. Hemithea; 253 squamata, Feld. (g. Hypodoxa) 34 stagonata. Feld. (g. Progonodes) 135 stellata, Warr. (g. Anisozyga) 82 stellata, Warr. (g. GEnospila) 162 stellataría, Móschl. (g. Phrudocentra) 123 stereota, Meyr. (g. Chlorocoma) 191 Sterictopsis (genus), Warr. 8, 9, 23 steroparia, Püng. (g. Zodis) 232 stibolepida, Butl. (g. CAlorissa) 174 stictimargo, Warr (sg. Prasinocyma) 156 stigmatica, Warr. (g. Chloropteryx) 179 stigmatica, Warr. (g. Pro/ydata) 186, 187 siillaria, Warr. (g. Comostolopsis) 238 stillata, Feld. (g. Comostolopsis) 238 stollaria, Guen. (g. Racheospila) 109 Strepsichlora (gyeuus), Warr. 17, 160 striataria, Leech (g. Comibaena) 100 strigata, Null. (g. Hemithea) 170 strigataria, Grossb. (g. Nemoria) 113 strivigera, Wall. (g. TAalassodes) 248 strix, Butl. (g. Gzzospila) 162 suavis, Swinh. (g. TAalera) 216 subalbata, Warr. g. Dysphania ten- tans, subsp.) 50 subalbida, Wazrr.(g. Chrysochlovoma) 146 subalpina, Luc. (g. Prasinocyma) 157 subangulata, Warr. (g. Gelasma) 149 subaspersa, Warr. (g. Omphax) 195 subaurata, Warr. (g. Episothalma) — 167 subaurata, Walk. (g. RAwma) 23 subaurata, Warr. (g. Tachyphyle) 120 subaurea, Warr. (g. Tachychlora) 1I9 subaureata, Warr. (g. Hetevesthes) 192 subbifasciata, Warr. (g. Eualloea) — 180 subcaerulescens, Burr. (g. Hifpar- chus papilionaria ab.) 71 subcaynea, Warr. (g. Agathia) 59 subcroceata, Walk. (g. Clorissa) 172. 173, 1/75 subdeleta, Warr. (g. Agatha) 59 FAM. GEOMETRIDZE Pages subdentata, Warr. (g. Pingasa) 32 subexpressa, Walk. (g. Diplodesma) | 13, 184, 185 subfasciata, Warr. (g. 4nisozyga) 82 subfenestraria, Walk. (g. Hydata) — 188 subflavata, Warr. (g. AgatAtofsis) 92 subflavida, Warr. (g. Hemithea) 171 subfulva, Warr. (g. Hyfocoela) 143 subfulvata, Warr. (g. Tachyphyle) — 121 subfuscata, Warr. (g. Bathycolpodes) 141 subhyalina, Warr. (g Comibaena) [:J 97. 98, 100 subignita, Walk. (g. Tanaorhinus) 68 sublimbata, Butl. (g. Pingasa) 31 subliturata, Walk. (g. Azzsozvga) 81 sublustris, Warr. (£. Gelasma) 148 submacularia, Leech (g. Gelasma) I47, 148 submaculata, Warr. (g. PArudocen- tya fupillata ab.) I21 submissaria, Meyr. ig. Chlorocoma) — 19r submissaria, Walk. (g. CAlorocoma) 190 submonstrans, Walk. (g. Orzitho- spila) DAS) subnigrata, Warr. (g. Azisozyga) 82 subobsoleta, Burr. (g. Hipparchus bapilionarta ab.) 71 subochracea, Waxr.(g. Archaeobalbis) 25 subopalina, Warr. (g. Archaeobalbis) 25 subornata, Warr. (g. Hypodoxa) 34 subornata, Warr. (g. Terpaa) 38, 39 subpurpurea, Warr. (g. Piugasa) 33 subradiata, Warr. (g.ZEolochroma) — 38 subrepleta, Walk. (. Dysphania) 53 subreticulata, Mab. (g. T'halassodes) — 152 subrosea, Warr. (y. Diaudica) 43 subrubella, Warr. (g. ZEolochroma) subrubescens, Warr. (g.ZEolochroma) subrubra, Warr. (sg. HeterestAes) 192 subrufescens, Warr. (g. CAlorofte- Yyx) 178, 179 subscripta, Warr. (g. Tachychlora) | 119 subsimilis, Warr. (g. Drndica) 43 subtepens, Walk. (g. Archaeobalbis) 24, 22 subtiliaria, Brem. (g. Comostola) 236 subtiliaria, Hamps. (g. Comostola) 236 subtiliaria, Pag. (g. Comostola) 237 subtinctaria, Guen. (g. Geometra) — 248 subtractala, Walk. (g. Iodis) 232 subtusumbrata, Fuchs (g. JDiflo- desna) I3 91840 185 269 Pages subvectaria, Walk. (g. Geometra) 73 subvenusta, Warr. (g. Anisozyga, 81 subviridis, Warr. (g. Pingasa) 33 subviridis, Warr. (g. Thalassodes) — 153 succedanea, Warr. (g. Agathia) 59 suffusa, Warr. (g. ZEolochroma) 36 sumalrensis, Fawc. (g. Dysphania) 55 superans, Butl. (g. Terpua; 38, 40 superata, Walk. (g. CAlorissa) 175 supergressa, Warr. (g. Dysphania) 54 Synchlora (genus), Guen. 6 EB zT EDI 422006 Synclysmus (genus;. Butl. 9, 10. 45 synchrasis, Prout (g. Racheospilaj — 108 Syndromodes (genus), Warr. 35813,5203 -1220 syrene, Geoffr. (g. Chlorissa) 173 Tachychlora (zenus), Prout 4, 19, 119 Tachyphyle (genus), Butl. 4. 19. 120 tachypora, Turn. (g. CAlorocoma) 190, 192 taediata, Feld. (g. PArudocentra) 122 taiwana, Wilem. (sg. CAlorodontopera) 250 Tanaorhinus (genus), Butl. 115 67. 192 tancrei, Graes. (g. Comibaena) 99 tanygona, Turn. (z. Maxates; 163 lasmaniae, Le Guill. (g. Dvsphania) — 5o tasmanicaria, Guen. (g. Dysphania) — 5o Telotheta (genus), Warr. 20, 205 tenera, Warr. (g. Comibaena) 97, 100 tenera, Warr. (g. Endemia) E 159 tentans, Walk. (g. Dysphania) 50 tenuilinea, Alph. (g. HTemistola) 226 tenuilinea, Warr. (g. Metallochlora) 165 tenuilinea, Kaye (g. Racheospila | 106 tenuilinea, Warr. (g. Terpna) 40 lenuimargo, Warr. (g. Racheospila] — 109 tenuis, Warr. (g. Oxychora) 161 tenuis, Warr. (g. PArudocentra) 123 tenuis, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) 156 tenuisaria, Graes. (g. Comibaena) 99 tephrosiaria, Guen. (g. Pi»gasa) 3o, 32 tepperaria, Hulst (g. CAloropteryx) — 178 terminata, Prout (g. Acollesis) 219 Terpna (genus), Herr.-Sch. 205 E r1-83583975230 Terpne (yenus), Hübn. 69 Terpnidia (genus), Warr. 29 tetralopha, Low. (g. Metallochlora) 165 tetraspila, Low. (g. CAlorocoma) 190, 191 texana, Hulst (g. SyncAlora) 116 270 Pages texavia, Pears. (g. Racheospila) 104 textilis, Butl. (g. Azisozyga) 8o thalassias, Warr. (g. Dioscore) — 74. 75 thalassica, Turn. (g. Diplodesma) 185 thalassina, Warr. (g. Oospilaj 133 Thalassodes (genus), Guen. 4:015, 151-02 TOO Thalera (genus), Hübn. 6, 18, 139, 200, 215, 217 Thalerura (genus), Swinh. 146 Thelycera (subg.), Prout 243 Thetidia (genus), Boisd. 210 thetydaria, Guen. (g. Gelasma) 147 thymiaria, Schiff. (g. Hemithea) 170 thymiaria, Linn. (g. TAhalera) 216 thymiata, Curt. (g. Hemithea) 170 thyriantina, Pag. (g. Dysphania) 51 timoclea, Druce (s. TAalassodes 152 torsilinea, Warr. g. Racheospila- 108 tractaría, Walk. (g. Nemoría) IJI transducta, Walk. (g. DyspAanta) 53 transductaria, Warr. (g. Hydata) 188 transgressa, Bast. (g. Dysphania andamana, ab.) 52 translucida, Montr. (g. Dysphania) 250 translucidaria, Herr.-Sch. (g. Hy- data) 188 transversa, Walk. (gy Dysphania) 54 triangularia, Swinh. (g. Heterora- chis) 193 triangularis, Prout (g. CAlorochla- anys! . 177 tricoloraria, Pack. (g. Synchlora) 115 tridentata, Warr. (g. Pachycopsis 189 trifasciata, Warr. (g. RAodochlora) 79 trilineata, Hamps. (g. Omphacodes) 221 trilunaria, Guen. (g. Oospila) 132 trimaculata, Warr. (g. PArudocen- tra) 122 trimeni, Feld. (r. RAadinomphax) — 197 triplicifascia, Prout (g. Gelasma) 16, 149 triseriata, Warr. (g. A4nisozyga) 82 tritonaria, Walk. (g. Henuthea) 170 trofonia, Cram. (g. Dichroma) 198 trucidata, Butl. (g. Xanthodura) 207 truncataria, Walk. (g. Epipristis) 29 tumefacta, Prout (g. Racheospila) 109, IIO tumidilinea, Moore (g. Ofisthottra) 8o turneri, Luc. (g. ZEolochroma) 35.036 turpisaria, Swinh. (g. Hyfocoela) 15, 143 tutala, Dogn. (g. Racheosptla) 106 tyrianthina, Butl. (g. DyspAiania) 51 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Pages Uliocnemis (renus), Warr. * 4, 8. I4, 90. 245 umbrata, Warr. (g. Acollesis) 219 umbrimedia, Warr.(g. TAalassodes) 153 unda-scripta, Luc. (g. Pingasa) 33 undifera, Swinh. (g. Hemithea) 171 undifera, Walk. (g. Lophocrita) 168 undiferata, Walk. (g. Spaniocentra) — 95 undilinea, Warr. (g. Anisozyga) 81 undilineata, Warr.(g. Tachyphyle) 120 undinaria, Streck. ig. Cheteoscelis) II7 undularia, Hamps. (g. Jodis) 232 unduligera, Butl. (g. Hemistola) 227 undulilinea, Warr. (z. Comostolopsis) 238 undulosa, Kaye (g. Racheospilu) IIO unicolor, Warr. !g. Gelasma) 148 unicolor, Warr. (g. Hemithea) 171 unicolor, Warr. (g Orthocraspeda) 28 unicolor, Warr. (g Rhodochlora) 78 unicolor, Waxr. (g. Syndromodes) 204 unicolor, Warr. (g. Thalassodes) 153 unifascia, Hamps. (g. odis) 19, 231. 233 unifasciata, Druce (g. Nemorta) 175 uniformis, Warr. (g. Dichorda) 128 uniformis, Warr (g. Hypococla) 15, 143 uniformis, Hamps. (g. Pentheochlora) 150 unilinea, Warr. (sg. Chlorissa) 172, 175 unilinea, Burr. (g. Euchloris smarag- darta ab.) 211 unilinearia, Leech (g. Hemithea) 171, 226 unilinearia, l'ayl. (e Nemorial 112 uniplaga, Warr. (g. Rhomborista) 94 unipuncta, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) | 156 unipuncta, Warr. (g. Tazaorhinus) — 68 unipunctata, Prout (g. Racheospila) 107 unistrigata, Gumpp. «g. Nemoria) 112 unitaria, Walk. (g. ZEolochroma) | 35, 36 unitaria, Pack. (g Aunemoria) 117 urapteraria, Walk. (z. Archaeobalbis) 25 urapteraria, Walk. (g. Gelasma) 147 uricha, Kaye (g. T'achychlora) 119 Urolitha (genus), Meyr. 16, 166 Urospila (genus). Warr. 760, 77 usitata, Butl. (g. Hipparchus) 72 usneata, Feld. (g, Archaeobalbis) 25 ussuriaria, Brem. (g. Hemithea) 170 ustimargo, Warr. (g. RAhodochlora) 79 ustipennis, Warr. (s. Cheroscelis) 138 uvidula, Swinh. (g. Cacochloris) 5, 209, 210 vacua, Swinh. ig. Henmithea) 171 vaga, Walk. (g. Berta) 234 Pazes vaga, Butl. (g. Comibaena| 99 vagabunda, Warr. (g. Prasinocyma) 158 vagata, Walk. (g. Paramaxates) 208 vagilinea, Prout (g. Anisozyga) 82 vagilinea, Warr. (g. PArudocentra) — 123 valida, Feld. (g. Hipparchus) 20:972 validaria, Walk. (g. T'Aalassodes) 73, 153 vallata, Butl. (g. Hzpparchus| 72 varicoloraria, Moore (g. Terza) 40 variegata, Butl. (g. Hipparchus) 72 varipunctata, Luc. (g. Rhuma) 23 vegeta, Prout (g. Bathycolpodes) 141 velata, Bast. (vg. Dysphania tentans ab.) 50 velata, Warr. (g. Helicopage) 63 velitaria, Guen. (g. Dysphania) 50 venata, Leech (g. Hemistola) 226 veneranda, Swinh. (g. AgatAia) 59 veneta, Butl. (g. Hemistola) 226 venezuelata, Walk. (g. 4wopAyllodes) 131 venilineata, Warr. (g. Racheospila) 103, 108 veninotata, Warr. (g. Gelasma) I47 veniplaga, Warr. (g. Anisozyga) 32 venusta, Warr. (g. Metallochlora) 165 venusta, Warr. (g. Pingasa) 33 venustaria, Herr.-Sch. (g. Geome- tra [Nemoria]: 248 venustula, Dogn. (g. Racheospila) — 110 venustus, Walsh (g. Nemoria) III veraria, Guen. (g. T halassodes| 152 veraria, Turn, (g. T/Aalassodes) 152 vermicularia, Guen. (g. Prasino- cyma) 155 vermiculata, Warr. (g. CAlorissa) 175 vernaria, Haw. (g. CAhlorissa) 173 vernaria, Schiff. (g. Hemistola) 227 vernaria, Fabr. (g. Hemtthea) 170 vernaria, Linn. (g. odis) 231 vernarius, Steph. (g. Hemistola) 227 versicolor, Warr. (g. Xenozancla) 66 versiplaga, Dogn. (g. Racheospila imitans ab.) 107 vertaria, Pears. (g. CAlorochlamys) 177 vertumnaria, Guen. (g. Chlorocoma) 190 vestigiata, Swinhoe (g. Hemistola) 227 vestigiata, Swinh. (g. Prasinocyma) 159 vestita, Hed. (g. Aracima) 65 viata, Moore (g. Diplodesma) 185 vicina, Bast. (g. Lophochlora) 62 vicinitaria, Wall. (g. OmpAax) 195 Victoria (genus), Warr. 6, 11, 85, 87 vigens, Butl. (g. Terpna) 49 Pages vilis, Walk. (g. Cusuna) 56 vinocincta, Warr. (g. Racheospila) — 104 violacea, Warr. (g. Oospila) 133 violetta, Bast. (g. Antharmostes mar- ginata ab.) 144 . virellata, Krulik. (g. Pseudoterpna pruinata var.) 47 virescens, Butl. (g. Dindica). 42 virescentaria, Maass. (g. TAalas- sodes) 248 viridalbata, Warr. (g. RAodesia) 203 viridana, Stoll (g. PAialaeza Geome- tra) 248 viridans, Prout (g. Mixocera) 244 viridaria, Moore (s. Archaeobalbis) 252127 viridaria, Hübn. (g. CAlorissa) 173 viridaria, Stoll (g. Leptographa) 248 viridaria, Stoll (g. PArudocentra) 124 viridata, Linn. (g. CAlorissa) 7; 172, 173, 174 viridata, Moore (sg. Dooabia) 63 viridatus, Steph. (g. Chlorissa) 173 viridaurea, Warr. (g. Gelasma) 147, 148 viridellaria, Mab. (g. Nemoria) 248 viridescentaria, Motsch. (,g. Hemi- thea) 168, 170 viridescentaria, Warr. (g. Hifpar- chus) 72 viridicaput, Warr. (g. T halassodes) 152 viridicaria, Hulst (g. Vemoria) 112 viridicata, Luc. (g. ZEolochroma) 36 FAM. GEOMETRID/E Pages viridicincta, Schaus (g. Racheospila) 106 viridicoma, Warr. (g. Hypodoxa) 34 viridifascia, Swinh. (g. T/halassodes) 153 viridifimbria, Warr. (g. Comibaena) 100 viridifimbria, Dogn. (g. Racheospila) 105 viridifrons, Warr. (g. EucAloris) 212 viridiluteata, Walk. (g. Tanaorhinus) 68 viridiluteatus, Butl. (g. Tanaorhinus) 68 viridimacula, Warr. (g. Archichlora) 87 viridipallens, Hulst (g. SyzcAlora) 115 viridipennata, Hulst (g. Mesothea) 176 viridipurpurea, Hulst (gz. Phrudocen- tra) 123 viridis, Burr. (g. Euchloris smarag- daria ab.) 211 viridissima, Warr. (g. Anisozyga| 82 viridula, Warr. (g. Pyrrhorachis) 239 visenda, Butl. (g. Agathia) 59 vitiosaria, Dogn. (g. Neagathia) 125 vitrearia, Schaus (g. ProAydata) 187 vittatus, Moore (g. Tazaorhinus) 69 vittatus, Hamps. (g. Tanaorhinus) 69 vitticosta, Walk. (s. Metallolophia) — 37 vivida, Warr. (g. Omphaeodes) 221 vivida, Warr. (g. Phrudocentra) 121 volantaria, Pears. (gy. Chlorochlamys) 177 volgaria, Guen. (g. Euchloris) 21I volutaria, Haw. (g. Hemistola) 227 volutata, Fabr. (g. Chlorissa) 173 vulcanus, Th.-Mieg (sg. DyspAhania) 52 vulnerata, Butl. (g. CAlorocoma) 190 wilsoni, Feld. (g. Cyneoterpna) 43 QUY Pages woodfordi, Warr. (g. Ultoenemis) 92 wuka, Pag. (g. Hemithea) 170 xaliria, Dogn. (g. Racheospila) 106 xanthochlora, Warr. (g. Difplodesma) 13, 184, 185 Xanthodura (genus), Butl. 14, 207 xanthopera, Bast. (g. Prasinocyma) | 156 xanthostephana, Prout (g. M ixocera) 244, 252 Xanthoxena (genus), Warr. 20, 206 Xenochlaena (genus), Low. 8, 249 Xenochlorodes i|czenus), Warr. 5, 6, 17, 246, 248 Xenochroma (genus), Warr. 9, IO, 45 Xenopepla (genus,, Prout 19, 66 Xenozancla (genus), Warr. 12, 66 xuthocrania, Turn. (g. CAlorocoma) — 191 xysteraria, Hulst (g. Racheospila) 109 zapluta, Prout (g. Hyfocoela) 143 zebraea, Saalm. (g. Metallochlora) 165 zebrata, Warr. (g. TAalassodes) 153 zelleraria, Pack. (g. Chlorochlamys) 177 zimmermanni, Hed. (g. Hemistola) 227 zonaria, Don. (g. Agathia) 58 zonarius, Westw. (g. Agathia) 58 zonata, Walk. (g. 'Archichlora) 87 zygophyxia. Prout (g. Berta chryso- lineata, subsp.) 233, 234 zygotaria, Hulst (g. Nemoria) II2 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA EXPLANATION OF PLATES PLATE I : Pages :.- Rhuma subaurala "Walker, CY 219 50 08 20-052 EMEN LUE 23 "Aschaeobalbtssfayiosu, Warrenjs G9 29-0525: 22-2820: 29 000900 25 IPineasalamoulsfexaNWaxren Or 33 Aa. "Eolochromu sufjusa Warren, cy, uppersundace EU 36 40. — — — undersnrface. 0 c c Lu 36 52 CDiIndicusubsosca; NVarren, Gi Q-49- 50509: 29:28 -02-208 2022-115 22-1 0-01 M - 43 6: Dysplanta numana, Gxamer, OX "c 50 7 Nenationsot|Om?Aacodzsmiutda. NW ATEGHSS GI e 2-005599] :] 5:025 9-252 29:2 22 220 8. — zolochroma iurners, o1caS ole «E s 2 v2 S REPE 2 OR SS- 35 9. — "Aychacobalbis wiridaria, MGOLeS Cy. 059 2 22909 :2 0:109 10:9 295 089005 24 IO. — Pinrasmyuoviarta d Guenee cM 3o imp — Chlorodontopera discosbslaia, Moore, gf... - . 1. 64 12; -— Dysphanta mtilstayis; U1nn6601) - 0 0 9E ETE: 49 PrarE 2 I. Cusuma flavifusa, Hampson, c. . . sid urirsie C LGOE SO GER IE RUNE EB 56 2x Agatha pista; BUter GI ORE Nes e 5E. Le EN EENTSIPARCIBEST RO SE SAO CREER 59 3. Aposchtma pontala A WIABEeN GO 1 1 TD NENNEN EN 57 4 GEnochlora imjanialss SNWarzeny Qo. xc TEC 57 575 dmisozyoa Pirroides, WalkerswQ V X. S creta c x 8o 6: v Dioscoreaelanopina: Warren c -—- 7 $008 909 4 3204 222 DINERO: 75 7- i hodochloraalbibuncta e NVaxrens qj -- 2 2922 29009-29299 20012 2-22 - 9 2 79 SMZobhomactavnIctrala NETampsorj AG - 4-090 29 mM ET MET 2 XM 85 9x Venation(oR GAIoraMiiATa 2G BULeGU- m 5 0 S RNC UT 74 IO. — Ormthasislaraviculunria- Guenee- G2 2: 2] t2 29-9 2 2 76 Ir Xenopeplazbwuneala S EXOUt4 Cc Mc 7: 1 * 2122 2 79 PRESSO S 2 67 I2. "Venation- of Azeyrocosma argosticia, «Euxnez, QU ET 96 19: — (tacheospstayatula IDOEDIDS GC 2 99229 5 9 1 INE ME WO 14. -— dntsosyoaypterosdes, 2 N alker, Oc 79 15 — Paromphacodes yubrimargo, Narxyen, Q..— 2 2. 2 $2 . . 0 X17 16. — Spastocentra dannosa, Mlo016, Cj - 9-195-199-2290 2-2 2 229 2 5 94 I7: — Buchlonsismaragdavia, BEabricius, gi 3 DU 210 PrarE 3 I5 CAstsozypa jieroides, Walker GN 99-93 2 C BS RIDCERET D D DL 8o 2: Vactonsa gordont; Prout; QUU EL css 86 35 Uftoctemis pbartiia Nalker Ec 91 4: 4 pathtopsis; Dassbuncla, Wakten s GN NW I T 5 -ERSNEEEEEEDUM OSSA 92 5: CAloromiania Jerrugsnaia; NL'Aprencw NO 22 29 7 9-2 12225 22 0 011-7 93 o 939 - T 0 NM iO 00-1 Q tA OO -1 OQ tu- Co NM 4 * FAM. GEOMETRID/E Racheospila bsittacina, Prout, c. : — (Blechroma) rufipicta, Prout, cf. Comibaena albicatena, Warren, c. Pyrasinocyma bifimbriala, Prout, Q Paromphacodes rubrimargo, Warren, cy. Venation of Talassodes aucta, Prout. c — Maxates caelataria, Walker. c . — Culfpinia diffusa, Walker, cy. — Hydata povera, Schaus, Q — Chrysochloroma megaloptera, Lower, cy -— Auophyllodes invasata, Walker, Q — Diplodesma celataria, Walker, Q E Metallochlora (Chrysomphe) venusta, Warren, 9 . PLATE 4 Antharmostes iuteralbicans, Warren, cy. CÀrysochloroma megaloftera, Lower, cy. Auophyllodes ecuadorata, Dognin, 9 . Gelasma fuscifimbria, Prout, c Parafrasina discolor, Warren, Q. Bathycolpodes semigrisea, Warren. Q Progonodes nivetacía, Warren, Q . FHLyfocoela subfulva, Warren, Q Chlorocoma melocrossa, Meyrick, gy. Metallochlora militaris, Lucas. c. Gelasma eumixis, Prout, cf. : Tachyphyle lepidaria, Móschler, c. : Venation of Paramaxates polygrapharia, Walker, cy. o Omphax bacoti, Prout, gf. — Cacochloris uvidula, Swinhoe, Cf . -— Callisteuma fringillata, Schaus. c — Comostola laesaría, Walker, Q — Acollesis fraudulenta, Warren, c* PrarE 5 Xanthodura trucidata, Butler, gy . Callisteuma fringillata, Schaus, Co Chlorosterrha (?) semialba, Swinhoe, gf. M etallochlora (Cosmogonia) decorata, Warren, cy Prohydata projiciens, Prout, cx Lasiochlora bicolor, Thierry-Mieg, c Hüievochthonia (?) alexandraria, Prout, Q Archichlora viridimacula. Warren, 9. Euloxia meandraría, Guenée, cf. 273 Pages 108 108 100 157 118 I5I 163 139 187 145 13o 184 165 144 274 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Collesis mimica, Warren, Q Hemistola semialbida, Pxout, Q Holoterbna pruinosata, Staudinger, cy Hindleg of Gnospila flavifusata, Walker, cy Head of Omfhax bacoti, Prout, c Lateral view of Anisozyga pieroides, Walker, Q , showing tuft at base of forewing . Section of antenna of Osteosema sanguilineata, Moore, Q Lateral view of Dindica para, Swinhoe, cy Section of antenna of Mixocera oleagina, Warren, cy Foreleg of Tachychlora lepidaria, Móschler, cy Hindleg of Ereimofpus marinaria, Guenée, c . Head of Xenopepla bicuneata, Prout, c . — . Aporandria specularia, Guenée cy. London, N. E., Dalston, 8th February 1912. Pages 220 227 214 161 I94 79 89 4a 243 119 154 66 77 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA GENERA INSECTORUM Archaeobalbis farinosa Warren, * SM / JDysphania militaris Linné, d A - 4Eolochroma. turmneri Lucas, 9 ", " 7d / D A $ed s A d j A Zz , 1008 cH d AA rnc Lue— : z ^ - d - 2 | JEolochroma suffusa. Warrer., d JEolochroma. suffusa. Warren, Ó M —1 / ^" e I E LO URMÓM—XD : - — — SESS — NSGEOSSN "X Archaeobalbuis viridaria. Moore, G Pingasa. anquiilera Warren, o Dirdica. subrosea. Warren, d ruginarüa. Guenée, o Pinqusa FAM.GEOMETRIDZ, SUBFAM.HEMITHEINJX. GENERA INSECTORUM LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Cusuma fTavífusa- Hamps., c Agathia. pisina. Butler, c Chlororithra. fea Butter,c 7 Ürntthospila. aricularta- Guenee , ct AXenopepla. brcurwata. Prout,c* Agoschemua qoriata- Warren. ct Ücnochdora unperralis Warren Hacheospila latuta. Doqnin c7 Lopharnachia picturata. Hamps, c -Anisozvga. pieroides, Wadker, c Jioscore melanomrna Warren, ct o, Anisozvqa plerotdes Wadker, Paromphacodes rubrimargo Warren, c Spaniocentra pannosa. Moore? Euchloris smaragdarta. Fabr, FAM.GEOMETRIDAX, SUBFAM.HEMITHEINJX, 2 GENERA INSECTORUM LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Anisozyga. pieroides Walker, c Victoria. gordoni Prout , g Maxates caelataría Walker. Thalassodes aucta. Prout, d Uliocnemis partita. Walker, o Agathiopsis basipuncta. Warren, c Culpinia. diffusa. Walker, d Hydata. povera. Schaus, jg 10 Chloromianta ferruginata. Warren, d Racheospila. psittacina. Prout, 9 Parompluwodes rubrirnargo Warren, [of Chrysochloronut. megatoptera. Lower, df Diplodesma. celataria. Walker, o Juophyllodes invasata. Wadker, o Metallochlora. (Chrysomphe venusta. Warren, p FAM.GEOMETRIDJAX, SUBFAM. HEMITHEINAX 5 2:15 GENERA INSECTORUM Auophvllodes ecuadorata: Dognan, Cacochloris uvidula. Swinhoe, Jfepocoela. subflva: Warren, Comostola laeserra. Walker, p Antharmostes interalbicans Warren; 4| Gelasma füsciftribria: Prout, x N - NN 24 Progonodes nivetacta Warrert, [o /0 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA » uu Ümphax bacoti Prout, 3 -j " LU "YS Parcaprasina discolor Warren, $9 JBathyvolpodes semigrisea Warren, [^ /6 Cadlisteuma fringilata Schaus, 9 Chlorocoma Telocrossa-Mevrücke, o? MetaltochMora matitarts Lucas, 3X Gelasma. eurnixis Prout, 2 Tachvphyle lepidaria. Móschter; «deollesus fraudulenta Warren, FAM.GEOMETRIDJAX, SUBFAM.HEMITHEINZ L GENERA INSECTORUM LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Hindleg of. (Enospila. flavifusata. AXanthodura. trucidata Butler, d (allsteuma fPingillata Schaus, d Chlorosterrha (2) semialba Walker, c 3 Swinhoe, d Head of ümphax bacoti, Prout, d 6 L Lasiochtora bicolor Th.- Mieg, [:j JHierochthonta (9 alexandrarta. Prout, [2 Lateral view of' Anisozyga pieroides Walker, [ 16 Archichtora viridimacula Warren, 9 Section. of'antenna. of! Üsteosemu c) sanquilineata. Moore, [) Sector. of" antera. of. Mixocera oleagina Warren, [5g 4 Fuloxia meandraria (Guenée, d (ollesis mimica. Warren, g Foreleg of' Tachychdora. lepidaria fous JHindlleg of! Eretmopus marítnaria Guenée, d 22. IH 2 R- 12 En. Une AR [s | - Jd d 2 AL S, Ne Hemistola semialbida Prout, o /— Head of Xenopepla. bicuneata. Head. of Aporarulria. specularia IHoloterpna pruinosata. Staud., d Prout, d Guenee, FAM.GEOMETRID/JAX, SUBFAM.HEMITHEINZ, 5 COLEOPTERA FAM. CURCULIONID/E SUBFAM. APIONINZE w^ -—Àeo 04 mo COLEOPLBERA FAM. CURCULIONID/E SUBFAM. APIONINZE von Haus WAGNER MIT 5 COLORIERTEN TAFELN UND 2 GEOGRAPHISCHEN KARTEN ALLGEMEINES N iV iE Glieder der Subfamilie der Afzomimae im. Sinne der vorliegenden Arbeit haben eine recht wechselvolle Vergangenheit und in den verschiedenen Systemen der Coleopteren die unterschiedlichsten Stellungen innegehabt. Schónherr, der Begründer vieler der d hieher gehórenden Gattungen, hatte dieselben in seiner Symonymia Insectorum. (1833-45) in drei Divisionen verteilt, wovon seine VII. Division, die Apionides, die Gattungen Ewrhynchus, Afporhina, Myrmacicelus, Apion und. Piezotrachelus enthielt, die VIII. Division, Tanaonides, die Genera Tanaos und Cybebus, recht heterogene Glieder umschloss, und die X. Division, Cylades, nur die Gattung Cylas begriff. Lacordaire verteilte in seiner Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Vol. 6 (1863), denselben Stoff in vier Gruppen (Tribu XXXII-XXXV), wobei die Gattung EwrLhynchus aus dem Verbande der Apionides im Sinne Schónherrs genommen und dafür die Gruppe der Ewrkynchides begründet wurde; dessgleichen wurde das Genus Myrmacticelus aus der Schónherr'schen Gruppe der Afionides in seine "Tribus der Cylades verwiesen, sodass seine Gruppe Afionides nur die Gattungen Aion und Piezotrachelus enthielt. An Stelle der Schónherr'schen Tanaonides trat seine neue Gruppe der Cybebides, welche die Genera Cybebus, Aplemonus und Mecolenus umfasste, wàhrend die Gattung Tanaos in die Nàhe der Cosso- niden verwiesen wurde, ein nicht sehr glücklicher Griffl Le Conte & Horn haben in ihrem System der Coleopteren (1883) die hieher gehórende Materie recht kurz behandelt; sie bildeten die Curculioniden Subfamilie der Apioninz, ohne jedoch eine Zusam- menstellung der nach ihrer Auffassung hieher gehórenden Glieder zu geben; für die Gattungen Myrmacicelus und. Cylas wird die Subfamilie der C yladinz begründet und, abseits der Apioninz, in unmittelbare Nàhe der Brenthiden verbracht. Im Jahre 1885 hat Bedel in seiner trefflichen Faune des Coléoplàres du Bassin de la Seine seiner Subfamilie der Apiida die Gattung NanopAhyes einverleibt, was 2 COLEOPTERA wohl als ein Missgriff zu bezeichnen ist; abgesehen von verschiedenen anderen Charakteren, lassen die bei Namophyes geknieten Fühler allein schon diese Gattung als ein fremdes Element unter den durch- wegs orthoceren Vertretern der echten Apioninen erscheinen. Auch Faust hat in seiner Abhandlung in der Stell. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 50, p. 79 (1889), woselbst er anlásslich der Begründung einiger neuer Apioniden- genera eine kleine Uebersichtstabelle über letztere bringt, die Ansicht ausgesprochen, dass zu den Apioniden « noch die mit Nauophyes verwandten Gattungen... » zu stellen wáren. Lameere und Sharp sprechen sich in ihren Systemen über die einzelnen Glieder ihrer Subfamilien nicht nàher aus und so mag darüber hinweggegangen werden. 19o1 hat Prof. H. Kolbe in seinem neuen System die Familie der Cur- culioniden im Sinne Lameere und Sharyp's etc. wieder in mehrere Familien zergliedert und dabei haben auch die Apioniden wesentliche Aenderungen in ihrer systematischen Stellung erlitten. Er nahm eine gróssere Zahl von Rhynchophoren-Familien an und stellte daselbst die Cattung EurAyncAusin seine Familie der Rhynchitiden, wáhrend er die Cylades und Cybebides im Sinne Lacordaires und anderer, mit den Apionides derselben Autoren zu seiner selbststándigen Familie der Apionidz vereingte und fügte in dieselbe noch die Oxyrrhynchiden (nun Subfam. C»ryptoderminae Bovie) ein, welche hier einen ebenso fremdartigen Bestandteil vorstellen wie die Nanophyinen. Auch in seiner Neubearbeitung des Systemes (Zeitschr. f. wissenschaftl. Insectenbiologie, Vol. 4 (13), p. 166 und f. [1908]) bleibt dieselbe Anordnung bestehen. Ganglbauer endlich 1) vereinigt alle diese Rhynchophoren-Familien im Sinne Kolbe's zu einer einzigen Familie der Curculioniden im Sinne Bedel's etc. geht aber ebenfalls auf eine engere Zer- gliederung innerhalb dieser Familie nicht ein. Anlüsslich der Bearbeitung der Subfamilie der Apioninae für den neuen « Coleopterorum Cata- logus », edit. Schenkling, habe ich mich seinerzeit genótigt gesehen, die in dieses Bereich gehórende Materie neuerlich zu untersuchen und habe meine damals gewonnenen Resultate in kürzester Form veróffentlicht (4n. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 431-33 [1909]) und daselbst versucht eine meinen Ergebnissen entsprechende Zergliederung dieser Subfamilie zu bringen, wobei ich die beiden Gattungs- gruppen der Ewrhynchini und Afionini, unter Heranziehung mehrerer schon von früheren Autoren verwandter Charaktere, begründete. Zur Fertigstellung der vorliegenden Abhandlung habe ich nun das mir — inzwischen bedeutend bereicherte — vorliegende Material einer neuerlichen genauen Prüfung unterzogen (es kamen drei, mir früher unbekannt gebliebene Gattungen, wovon eine für die Wissenschaft neu, hinzu!), meine frühere Auffassung konnte aber nicht wesentlich geündert werden. Wohl bin ich zunüchst doch nicht ganz abgeneigt gewesen, der Zehngliedrigkeit der Fühler bei den Cylas einen hóheren systematischen Wert beizulegen und dieselben wieder aus dem Verbande der Eurhynchini zu lósen; allein, die Untersuchungen haben mir gezeigt, dass es dann analog diesem Falle nótig wáre, die unleugbar nahen Formen der echten Apionen mit deutlich zwólfgliedrigen Fühlern, resp. viergliedriger Fühlerkeule (Cyóebus z. B.) aus dem Verbande der echten Aponini auszuscheiden, was wohl nicht angeht, denn genaue mikroskopische Untersuchungen zeigen, dass selbst echte 45105 — an deren Zugehórigkeit zu dieser Gattung wohl kaum Jemand zweifeln dürfte ! — wie z. B. frumentarium Linné, sanmson Sharp, etc., an ihrem dritten Keulenglied eine deutliche Verengungslinie oder Sutur erken- nen lassen, sodass man dieses Endglied ohne jeden Zweifel als das Verschmelzungsprodukt von ursprüng- lich zwei Gliedern zu betrachten genótigt ist, was andrerseits die Verháltnisse am Fühler der Puppe klar beweisen. Und genaueste Prüfung des letzten Fühlergliedes bei einigen Cy/as-Arten zeigt, dass auch hier eine deutliche Verengung, die in einigen Fàilen noch durch die Kahlheit des Teiles vor, und durch die Pubescenz des Teiles hinter dieser Verengung besonders hervorgehoben wird, vorhanden ist, die ebenso die Vermutung nicht ausschliesst, dass dieses zehnte Glied das Verschmelzungsprodukt ursprünglich dreier oder mindestens zweier Glieder darstellt. Ein weiteres Charakteristikum, welches 1) « Systematisch-koleopterol. Studien », MiicAeuer. Kc. Zeit. Vol. r, p. 308 und f. (1902-03). JENA CS TEDUOTSE LOL ERICO Y SSDILDYG S 3 die Gattung Cylas von den echten Eurhynchinen leicht und scharf trennen liesse, láge in dem Grade der Verschmelzung der Naht des ersten und zweiten Sternites des Abdomens; wàáhrend diese beiden Segmente bei allen mir bisher zugánglich gewesenen Vertretern der Gattung Cy/as eine so vollstándige ist, dass nur an den Seiten schwache Suturen erkennbar bleiben, sind bei allen mir vorgelegenen Arten der Genera Eurkynchus und CAalcocybebus diese beiden Segmente von einer sehr scharfen Furche durch- zogen. Jedoch auch diesem Unterschiede kann kein allzuhoher Wert beigemessen werden, denn bei den echten Apionini finden wir eine recht wechselvolle Ausbildung dieses Merkmales vor und wir müssten dann — analog dem Obigen — bei den Apionini unleugbar nahe verwandte Gruppen und selbst Arten trennen, was nicht zu verantworten wáre; so zeigen z. B. fast alle Apioninen-Genera des polynesisch-australischen Faunengebietes diese Eigentümlichkeit der scharf getrennten zwei ersten Ventralsegmente und selbst innerhalb der Gattung Afros finden wir einen recht verschiedenen Grad der Ausbildung dieses Merkmales vor, vorauf wir wohl die Annahme basieren dürfen, dass wir es in diesen Formen mit auf noch ursprünglicheren Entwicklungsstufen stehen gebliebenen Vertretern dieser Gruppe zu tun haben. Ich habe es somit vorgezogen die an obig citierter Stelle begründeten beiden Gattungsgruppen der EurAynchini und Apionini hier vorlàufig weiter zurecht bestehen zu lassen, obsleich selbst das einzige. mir bisher auftindbar gewesene Charakteristikum, welches sich für die Trennung eignet, eine gewisse Undeutlichheit aufweist, da z. B. bei Tauaos die Trochanteren so stark verkürzt sind. dass selbst Faust dieselben als so kurz erkannte. dass « seine Schenkel mit ihren Hüften in Berührung sind », was der Tatsache nicht entspricht, denn die Schenkel stehen noch deutlich von ihren Coxen ab. Ich hege jedoch heute bereits die Vermutung, dass die weiteren, von mir beabsichtigten Untersuchungen über den ganzen anatomischen Bau der Elemente dieses Formenkreises, eine vóllige Auflósung in eine eimzige grosse Sippe zur Folge haben werden und muss heute schon bekennen, dass mir die beiden Gruppen der Eurhynchinen und Apioninen nicht den Eindruck wirklich natürlicher, je für sich abgegrenzter grosser Verwandtschaftsgruppen machen. SUBFAM. APIONINZE Allgemeine Charaktere. — Mentum schmal, meist etwas lànger als breit, mit einer mehr oder minder deutlichen Furche oder einem flachen Ausschnitt an der Spitze, die Zunge vóllig deckend. Kiefertaster viergliedrig, die drei letzten Glieder kurz, beborstet. Mandibeln kurz und sehr kráftig, die linke gewóhnlich kráftiger und die rechte etwas überdeckend, meist dreilappig, bisweilen ist der mittlere Lappen zu einem breiten, mehr oder minder scharfen Zahn umgebildet, oder auch der basale Lappen zeigt diese Modifizierung. Rüssel von sehr verschiedener Form und Lànge, meist jedoch die Lànge des Kopfes übertreffend, in beiden Geschlechtern an Làünge verschieden, dann stets — mit einer einzigen Ausnahme — beim 9 lánger als beim Qf, meist bei ersterem auch dünner und schwácher skulptiert. Fühler zehn- bis zwólfgliedrig, stets uzgeknzet; meist in deutliche drei Abschnitte : Schaft, Geissel und Keule gegliedert, wobei die Geissel stets siebengliedrig. die Keule drei- oder viergliedrig ist; nur bei einer Gattung (Cylas) ist das erste Glied nicht deutlich schaftfórmig, die Geissel — ohne dem ersten Glied — achtgliedrig, das letzte (zehnte) Glied im weiblichen Geschlecht keulen- oder lànglich-eifórmig, im mánnlichen Geschlecht langgestreckt, walzenfórmig. Die Fühler sind meist in der Mitte oder der Basis genühert, oder knapp vor dieser, selten zwischen Mitte und Spitze, in einem einzigen Falle nahe der Spitze (Mecolenus c) inseriert und weisen oft recht erhebliche Verschiedenheiten — innerhalb verschie- dener Gattungen — bei den beiden Geschlechtern der nàmlichen Species auf; an ihrer Insertion besitzt der Rüssel entweder einfache, grübchenfórmige Gelenkhóhlen, in der Mehrzahl der Fàálle sind jedoch deutliche Fühlerfurchen ausgebildet, die sich oft als eine scharfe Rinne, oder als zwei, durch einen 4 COLEOPTERA mehr oder minder scharfen Mittelkiel getrennte Furchen bis nahe zur Basis des Rüssels erstrecken, in ganz einzelnen Füllen selbst als Grübchen noch die Kopfunterseite einnehmen. Der Kopf ist meist wenig in den Prothorax zurückgezogen, ófters am Scheitel ziemlich stark halsfórmig verlángert und daselbst stets wenig schmàáler als der Halsschildvorderrand; die Augen sind wohl ausgebildet, seitlich gestellt, im Umriss kreisrund oder oval, relativ grob facettiert, oftmals in beiden Geschlechtern verschieden gross und stark gewólbt, dann stets beim cf grósser oder gewólbter; die Gularnáhte meist vollstándig erloschen, selten deutlich vorhanden. Der Prothorax ist von ausserordentlicher Mannigfaltigkeit in Form und Skulptur, in der Grund- form — abgesehen von den artlichen Differenzierungen wie : Grad der Einschnürung des Vorder- und Hinterrandes, gebuchtete Basis, etc. — mit zwei Ausnahmen mehr oder minder róhren- oder walzen- fórmig, bisweilen etwas depress, nur bei Cylas und Myrmacicelus nahezu pokalíórmig, durch eine hinter der Mitte befindliche, scharfe, dorso-laterale Einschnürung in einen die Coxen tragenden und einen postcoxalen Abschnitt geteilt. Pronotum und Prosternum sind vollstándig zu einem Ring verschmolzen und die Suturen nur schwach erkennbar oder gánzlich eiloschen. Die Coxalhóhlen mich? getrennt. Mesosternum mehr oder minder schmal, der Hüfthóhlenausschnitt bisweilen leicht gerandet; die Seitenstücke kurz und schmal, meist dreieckig oder trapezoid nach innen konvergierend. Die Mittel- hüften durch einen schmalen Kiel, der durch zwei, vom Meso- und Metasternum abgehende und zwischen den Hüften zusammentretende, aber nie verschmolzene Fortsátze gebildet wird, getrennt; bisweilen erreichen sich diese beiden Fortsátze nicht und auch die Mittelhüfthóhlen sind vereinigt (Aradinocyóa, Pterapion, etc.). Metasternum meist von der Breite des ersten und zweiten Abdominalsternites, selten breiter (Cylas) oder erheblich schmáàler (P/erafion, etc.), seine Episternen schmal und lang, fast parallel, die hinteren Hüfthóhlen erreichend. Von den fünf Sterniten des Abdomens sind das erste und zweite sehr breit, ófters stark gewólbt, verschmolzen, die Suturen sind meist nur schwach ausgeprágt, oft nur an der Seite erkennbar, in manchen Fállen (EurAynchus, Plerafion, etc ) noch sehr wohl erkennbar oder ganz scharf, das dritte und vierte Segment sind stets se» schmal, zusammen nicht breiter als das erste ' oder zweite, bei Myrmacicelus kaum halb so breit als das erste; meist ganz flach und gegenüber den zwei ersten Sterniten mehr oder minder stark vertieft gelegen; das fünfte Segment ist stets wieder reichlich breiter als die beiden vorhergehenden, breit zugerundet, lappenfórmig, flach oder nur sehr schwach gewólbt. Das erste Segment ist an der Basis, soweit es die Begrenzung der Hinterhüften bildet, fast ausnahmslos mehr oder minder scharf und breit gewulstet oder gerandet. Die Elytren sind in der Form ausserordentlich mannigífaltig. meist neun-, bisweilen zehnstreifig, den Kórper an den Seiten breit umschliessend und hinten vóllig deckend, mit wohl entwickelter, ausnahmsweise fast erloschener Humeralbeule und in manchen Fállen (EurAynchus, Chalcocybebus) mit horn-, zapfen- oder hóckerartigen. Auftreibungen versehen. Flügel bei allen von mir untersuchten Genera wohl entwickelt; das Geüder zeigt bei den Gattungen Clas, Mecolenus, Cybebus, Pterapion und A4jPio) (mit den beiden hieher gezogenen Gruppen Ajlemonus und Piesotrachelus) einen. recht homogenen Charakter, nur bei den Gattungen Ewrhynchus und. CAalcocybebus zeigt es einen wesentlich komplicierteren Bau; die Analadern sind bei den erstgenannten Typen sehr reduciert, nur bei letzteren wohl entwickelt. Die Flügelmembran zeigt unter starker mikroskopischer Vergrósserung eine mean- drische Zeichnung, welche durch die Anordnung feinster Chitinbórstchen bedingt wird. Das Scutellum ist im allgemeinen wohl entwickelt, nur bei der Gattung Cy/as und bei einigen Vertretern der Gattung 4jf/on (Synapion) stark reduciert und kaum wahrnehmbar. Die Vordercoxen sind stets zapfenfórmig, ihre Gelenkhóhlen nie getrennt; die Mittelhüften sind halbkugel- oder stumpf- kegelfórmig, selten flacher, mehr scheibenfórmig, ihre Hóhlen sind meist schmal getrennt, selten berühren sie sich in ihrer Mitte; die Hinterhüften sind stets breit und flach, in der Mitte relativ breit getrennt. Die Trochanteren trennen die Schenkel von den Hüften vóllig (besonders lang bei Myrma- EAM. CURCULIONIDZE un cicelus) oder sie sind kurz und nach innen stark abgeschrágt, sodass die Schenkel mit ihrem proximalen Ende die Coxen berühren. Schenkel meist einfach, seltener bedornt oder gezáhnt oder stark keulig (Sprungbeinartig) verdickt; Schienen von manigfacher Form und oft als Tráger sekundárer Sexualcha- raktere wesentlich modificiert. Tarsus fünfgliedrig, das vierte Glied sehr reduciert, nicht wahrnehmbar; das erste und zweite Glied meist lang verkehrt-trapezfórmig, bisweilen breit, schwach herzfórming, oft gleichfalls infolge Tráger sekundárer Sexualauszeichnungen stark umgestaltet (besonders auftüliig bei den ggf vieler Arten der Gattung 41x). Drittes Glied meist bis auf den Grund zweilappig, bei Myrmacicelus nur bis etwa zum basalen Drittel zweilappig; unterseits sind die drei ersten Glieder meist mit einer filzigen Sohle bekleidet. Das Klauenglied ist normal langgestreckt, das dritte Glied über- ragend, nur bei Mecolenus und Myrmacicelus wird es von letzterem erreicht oder überragt; bei Mecolenus trágt es auf der Oberseite zwischen den Klauen ein ziemlich grobes, das dritte Glied überragendes Borstenhaar. Die Klauen sind stets wohl ausgebildet, in der Zweizahl, meist unterseits an der Basis appendiculiert oder gezáhnt. In Grósse, Form, Fárbung und Skulptur herrscht die denkbarste Mannigfaltigkeit; der grósste Procentsatz der gesamten hieher gehórenden Artenmasse erreicht nur die Grósse von (incl. Rüssel) 3-4 mm.; nur wenige Formen (fast alle Vertreter der übrigen Genera) übertreffen diese Grósse um einiges, nur die Arten der Gattungen Eurhynchus und. Chalcocybebus überschreiten stets die Grósse von r cm. Ueber Form, Fárbung und Skulptur soll auf die einzelnen Gattungscharakteristiken verwiesen sein. Geographische Verbreitung. — Die Subfamilie der Afzoninae ist in ihrer Artengesamtheit über die ganze Erde verbreitet und verteilen sich die einzelnen Gattungen auf verschiedene Regionen (Karte 2); nur die Gattung Ajo» ist vollstándig kosmopolitisch (Karte 1). Die Zahl der bisher bekannten Arten aller Genera und ihre Verteilung auf die fünf grossen Faunengebiete r) ist aus der folgenden Tabelle ersichtlich. 1) Ich fasse die nearctische und neotropische Region in der Tabelle unter « Amerika » zusammen, da einige Arten der centralamerikanischen Territorien sówohl noch im südlichen Nord-Amerika wie im nórdlichen, ja selbst noch centralen Süd-Amerika vorkommen. Ferner ist Madagaskar der áthiopischen Region, die Canarischen und Cap Verd'schen Inseln sind hingegen der paláarctischen Region zugerechnet. Uebersichtstabelle für die Geographische Verbreitung der Apioninen-Genera GATTUNG Amerika Oed GEI EGIE miis dechs SEEDS acean an Region Region Region Region der Arten ————— M Àá——Á—— rase! ra I PR IR] LR xtate Euxzhyuchus d — — | — — IO IO Chalcocybebus. . . — — | -— — | IO IO GQylasc m rs *) — | I4 6 d 20 Myrmacicelus . . . — — | E L2 3 3 Cybebus-e- d E E | 6 ES I 7 Mecolenus . ... . ES — | I E. | - I Tanaos . gn es — — | 3 — — 3 Pterapicum m — — | - c | I I Megatrachelus. ., . — | — | — EN | I I Rhadinocyba Por t — — L — | 2 4 Lispotherium . . — — I — -— I Apiomorphus : — E I E — I Apion d c 334 420 252 46 23 1075 I BEGdapi0n-d 2-2 ! I z— -—. -— | E I | | P 14 Genera mit der Gesamtzahl der Arten b: 838 1138 ) ^us Indien eingeschleppte Art, somit der Gesamtzahl »ich£ zugerechnet., [yo im s COLEOPTERA UEBERSICHTSTABELLE DER GATTUÜNGSGRUPPEN (TRIBUS) I. Trochanteren sehr kurz, stark nach innen abgeschrágt, sodass die Schenkel mit ihrer broximalen Spilze die Coxen berühren... .. . . . r1. Tribus EuRgHYNcHINI, Wagner. — Trochanteren relativ lang, weniger oder. nicht abgeschráagt, die Schenkel berühren mit ihrey broximalen Spitze die Coxen nicht. . . . . 2. Tribus APioNiINI, Wagner. I. TRIBUS EURHYNCHINI, WAGNER Eurhynchini. Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 433 (1909). Apionides. Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1. p. 247 (1833) ex part. Cylades. Schónherr, ibidem, p. 369 (1833). Eurhynchides. Lacordaire, Hist. Nat. Ins. Vol. 6, p. 527 (1863). Cylades. Lacordaire, ibidem, p. 529 (1863); Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 5o, p. 79, Nota (1889). UEBERSICHTSTABELLE DER GATTUNGEN tu Fülhlev elfnltertos Vnum cr ero cu ip c c cL — Fühler zehngliedrig. Beim cy das Endglied sehr lang walzenjórmig, beim Q kürzer, keulenfürmig ; Halsschild mit einer etwas vor der Basis befindlichen, scharfen und breiteren, dorsolateralen. Ein- engung, durch diese in seiner Gesamtform nahezu pokalfürmig. ..— 4. Genus Cvras, Latreille. 2. Fühler beim Cf gekàmmt, indem Jedes Glied, vom drillen an, an der apikalen Inuenecke stark verlüngert ist; das Endglied (elftes) ist - ungleich geboyen, innen etwas ausgebuchtet 1)... . . . . 3. Genus CrENaPHibDES, Pascoe. — Fühler in beiden Geschlechtern einfach gebildet, mit deutlich dreiglic- driger, loser Keule, beim cy das Endglied walzeufórmig, verláugert .— . 2 2 0. 2... X 3. Rüssel vom Fühlergrübchen bis nahe zum. Augenrand mu einer deut- lichen Furche, unterseits gleichfalls von swei, durch einen Mittel- hiel getrennten, mehr odey minder (cy oder Q) scharfen Furchen durchzogen; Kórber melallisch. gefárbt oder schwarz, dann glán- zend oder wenigstens die. Beine metallisch. schimmernd, kahl oder mit randlichen oder lünglichen, aus sveissen oder gelben Schuppen- hárchen. gebildeten Maeln besetzt. Abdomen kahl oder nur sehr fein. und. spáürlich. pubescent. (Flügeldecken in. ey. Mehrsahl der Füálle in oder hinter der. Mitte derselben mit kráftigen, horn- oder hóckerarligen. Auftreibungen). Vorderschenkel nahe des. Tibial- gelenkes auf der. Innenseite mit. einem mehr oder minder scharfen Dorn (cy) oder einer Querlamelle ( Q, selten cy und Q) besetzt. 2. Genus CnuaLcocvBEBUs, Snellen — Rüssel mit kleinen, rundlichen. Fühlergrübchen, zwischen diesen und [van Vollenhoven. den Augen ohne deutlicher Furche (hóchstens ganz schwach abge- flacht) unterseits in. beiden. Geschlechtern. vollig verrundet, bis- 1) Die einzige Art der Gattung ist bisher nur in drei münnlichen Exemplaren nachgewiesen und mir nicht bekannt; ich muss mich daher auf die Angaben und Abbildung von Pascoe beschrünken. | AM. CURCULIONIDZE 7 weilen mit einer. fein. eingeritzten. Lunie.. Kürper mie mctallisch, meist heller odey dunkler pechbraun oder schwarz, stels matt oder nur ganz wenig glünzend, die Flügeldecken meist mit gleichmássig dichter, unvegelmássig gescheckter Behaarung (selten mit. Makeln wie unter 3) das Abdomen stets dicht behaart odey doch mil kráftigen Haaren müssig dicht beselzt ; (Flügeldecken fters ohne Bewehrung) | Vorderschenkel stets in. beiden. Geschlechtern. un- Bewus S VL aom o5 528 05 95 5 s m9 e d COSS TSIOUSSISIOSQUIS SIS OP CIUEE l. GeNUS EURHYNCHUS, SCHÓNHERR Eurhynchus. Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 247 (1533). Eurhinus. Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 12. p. 427 (1515). Charaktere. — Kórper gross, stets die Grósse von 1 cm. (incl. Rostrum) überreichend, nie metallisch gefürbt, matt oder nur schwach glànzend, die Unterseite stets dicht fein behaart oder doch mit gróberen Haaren ziemlich dicht besetzt, meist auch die Oberseite oder mindestens die Flügeldecken mit gleichmàssig fleckiger, oder làngliche Makeln bildender Behaarung ; pechschwarz, oder heller oder dunkler braun. Kopf meist konisch, seltener nahezu cylindrisch, mit deutlichem. nicht in den Prothorax zurückgezogenem Scheitel, am Hinterrande kaum schmáler als der Halsschildvorderrand ; die Augen verháltnismàássig klein, rundlich, wenig gewólbt und kaum vortretend. Rüssel walzenfórmig. meist nur wenig gebogen, in beiden Geschlechtern wenn auch meist wenig, so doch deutlich an Lànge verschie- den; mit vol'stándig seitlich gestellten, kleinen, runden Fühlergrübchen, von welchen gegen die Augen hin eine meist sehr flache Furche zieht; unten ist der Rüssel vóllig verrundet und weist bisweilen in der Mitte eine fein eingeritzte Linie auf; über der Fühlerinsertion zeigt der Rüssel stets eine kleine, winkelige Erweiterung. Fühler elfgliedrig, in beiden Geschlechtern wesentlich verschieden; beim gf nicht deutlich in die drei Abschnitte (Schaft, Geissel und Keule) gesondert, da das erste Glied nur wenig lànger und kaum stürker als die folgenden Glieder zu sein pflegt und diese stets merklich kráftiger als am weiblichen Fühler entwickelt sind; auch die Dreigliedrigkeit der Keule wird durch die auffallende Verlángerung des letzten Gliedes sehr undeutlich. Beim Q ist der Fühler stets dertlich in die erwáhnten drei Abschnitte gegliedert, obgleich bisweilen das erste Glied (Schaft) nicht wesentlich die Lánge des zweiten Gliedes (erstes Geisselglied) übertrifft, wohl aber stets merklich kráftiger gebaut ist. Die Fühler sind — in beiden Geschlechtern — im afikalen Drittel oder Viertel des Rüssels (also zwischen Mite und Spilze) inseriert. Der Halsschild ist mehr oder minder cylindrisch, am Vorderrande in der Mitte fast immer leicht eingebuchtet, seitlich gesehen kaum gewólbt, kurz vor der Basis — infolge einer feinen aber scharfen basalen Querfurche — steil abfallend; der Basalrand daher etwas vertieft gelegen, fein gerandet; mehr oder minder grob kórnig skulptiert, mit einer feinen Mittelfurche. Flügeldecken zehn- streifig, der erste Zwischenraum trágt an der Basis stets eine rauhkórnige Erhabenheit, Ofters sind auch die übrigen Spatien bald vor, bald hinter der Mitte, oder nahezu in ihrer ganzen Lünge mit kleinen Waàrzchen oder Hóckerchen besetzt, oder wulst- oder kielfórmig erhoben ; bei einigen Arten tragen die Flügeldecken in oder hinter der Mitte grosse, horn- oder zapfenfórmige Aultreibungen. Die Schulter- beulen sind stets kráftig entwickelt, die Basis der Decken ist in ihrem Niveau fast gerade abgestutzt, mit dem Seitenrande fast in einem rechten Winkel zusammentreffend; der Basalrand selbst ist etwas innerhalb der Schulterbeulen lappig gegen den Halsschildhinterrand vorgezogen ; seitlich gesehen sind die Flügeldecken mássig gewólbt, nach hinten ziemlich stark abfallend; an den Seiten sind sie meist ziemlich parallel, nie stárker gerundet erweitert, durchschnittlich doppelt so lang als breit, Das Schild- 8 COLEOPTERA chen ist immer wohl ausgebildet, dreieckig oder etwas rundlich. Die Flügel sind wohl entwickelt und zeigen unter den Apioninz das reichlichste Geáder r). Die Mittel- und Hinterbrust und das Abdomen vom normalen Apioninen-Typus, jedoch ist die Sutur zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Abdominal- sternit stets ser scharf ausgeprágt. Die vorderen Hüfthóhlen sind acht, die mittleren scAmal, die hinteren breit getrennt. Schenkel stets unbewehrt, die vorderen etwas kráftiger als die vier hinteren; Schienen gerade, an der Spitze auf der Innenseite mit einem kurzen, ziemlich breiten, of fast rechtwinkeligen Ausschnitt; sie sinds niemals durch sekundáre Sexualauszeichnungen modificiert. Tarsen von normaler Beschaffenheit; die drei ersten Glieder unterseits mit einer sammetartigen Sohle besetzt; das erste Glied lünglich trapezfórmig, das zweite kürzer, das dritte vollstándig gelappt, das vierte nicht sichtbar (nur bei Entfernung des einen Lappens des dritten Gliedes wahrnehmbar), das fünfte (Klauenglied) das dritte überrazend ; die Klauen scharf, breit gespreizt, an der Basis unten schwach winkelig oder zahnartig verbreitert. Die Mànnchen der bisher bekannten Arten zeigen an den Beinen keinerlei Sexualauszeichnungen. Biologie. — Ueber die Biologie dieser interessanten Gattung ist leider noch wenig bekannt geworden ; die einzige Bekanntmachung, über EtnrAynchus laevior Kirby, verdanken wir W. Froggatt; er gab in den Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 10, p. 328 (1895) eine Beschreibung der Larve und eine kleine Notiz über die Art ihrer Lebensweise und ihre Nàührpflanze an; ich lasse hier Froggatt's Mitteilung folgen : ? Larve ro Lin. lang, schlank, auf der Rückseite gerundet, von dunkelgelber Farbe. Kopf beinahe kugelig, an der Stirne abgeflacht, tief rotbraun, leicht gerunzelt, auf der Stirne mit einigen langen Haaren besetzt. Kiefer schwarz, an der Spitze abgestumpft, Palpen sehr klein, das Labrum sehr dünn keilfórmig. Thorax mit dem ersten Segment ockergelb, glatt und glünzend, zweites und drittes Segment hellgelb, auf der Scheibe mit einem Fleck aus sehr feinen, roten Dórnchen gebildet bedeckt; auf der Ventralseite abgeflacht; jedes Segment trágt ein Paar von sehr kurzen, konischen Füsschen. Abdo- minalsegmente wenig schmàáler als der Thorax, runzelig und mit gleichen, feinen Dórnchen wie die 'Thorakalsegmente besetzt. Die Larve ernührt sich in den Stengeln von Persoonia lanceolata. Eintretend durch die Rinde einige Zoll über der Bodenflüche, bohrt sie ein Loch aufwárts gegen das Centrum des Stammes, dreht sich um und bohrt abwürts einige getrennte zolllange Kammern, in deren letzter sie sich am Ende verpuppt. Frogegatt fand die erwachsenen Larven früh im Juli. Es würe von grossem Interesse zu erforschen, einerseits, ob die exclusiv australische Unterfamilie der Persoonoideen (Fam. Proteaceen) auch von echten Apionini bewohnt wird und, andererseits, ob die Gattung Eurhynchus auch Vertreter anderer Familien bewohnt, da diese Factoren eine nicht unwesent- liche Hilfe für die Erforschung der stammesgeschichtlichen Fragen innerhalb dieser Gruppe sein kónnen. Fossil ist diese Gattung noch nicht nachgewiesen. Geographische Verbreitung der Arten. — Die zehn bisher bekannten Arten dieses Genus beschránken sich in ihrem Vorkommen auf Neu-Süd-Wales, Oueensland und Tasmanien. r. E. acanthopterus, Boisduval, Voy. Astrolabe, Vol. 2, p. 3o8, t. 7, £. 17 Neu-Holland. / (1832). tetracanthus, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 363 (1839). 2. E. bellicosus, Boheman, Res. Eugen. p. r19 (1359). Sydney. 3. E. fulvofasciatus, Blanchard. Ann. Sc. Nat. Vol. r0(3), p. 144(1849). Neu-Holland. 1) Ich verweise hier auf eine demnüchst erscheinende, kleine Notiz über das Flügelgeader der Apioninen. "5E dE. BAM.GURGUICIONIDJZS 9 4. E. laevior, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. r2, p. 429 (1818). — — Neu-Holland. ree Lenezs Tous laevior, Gyllenhal, in Schonherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 248 (1833). BroLoGiE : Froggatt, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 10, p. 325 (1895). 5. E. muricalus, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 12, p. 428 (1818). — Neu-Holland. muricatus. Boisduval, Voy. Astrolabe. Vol. 2, p. 308 (1832-35); Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 8 (2), p. 367 (1845). 6. E. quadridens, Erichson, Arch. f. Naturg. Vol. 8 (1), p. 186 (1842). Tasmanien. 7. E. quadrinodosus, Exichson, ibidem, p. 186 (1842). Tasmanien. 8. E. quadrituberculatus, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, Neu-Holland. p- 361: (1839). 9. E. scabrior, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 12, p. 429, t. 22, f. 8a-f. Neu-Holland. scabrior, Boisduval, Voy. Astrolabe, Vol. 2, p. 306 (1832-35). Io. E. scapularis, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 204 (1870). Queensland. 2. GENUS CHALCOCYBEBUS, SNELLEN VAN VOLLENHOVEN Chalcocybebus, Snellen van Vollenhoven, Tijdschr. v. Ent. Vol. 9, p. 225 (1566); Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 53, p. 205, Nota (1892); Heller, Notes Leyd. Mus. Vol. 18, p. 19-24 (1896). Aporhina. Boisduval, Voy. Astrolabe, Vol. 8 (2), p. 310 (1832-35); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 365 (1839); Lacordaire, Hist. Nat. Ins. Vol 6, p. 528 (1863). Charaktere. — Im Allgemeinen mit der vorigen Gattung übereinstimmend, im Wesentlichen durch folgende Charaktere verschieden : Der Rüssel ist in der Mehrzahl der Fàlle etwas stárker gebogen, in beiden Geschlechtern in der Lánge weniger verschieden, er besitzt stets von der Fühlerinsertion bis nahe zum Augenrand eine ziemlich kráftige Seitenfurche und unterseits zwei. durch einen Mittellael getrennte, gegen die Basis des Rüssels mehr oder minder stark divergierende Furchen, die im mànn- lichen Geschlecht kráftiger entwickelt sind ; ófters sind die Wülste zwischen den Seitenfurchen und den unterseits befindlichen Furchen, sowie der Mittelkiel zwischen letzteren durch mehr oder weniger kràftige Porengrübchen (im mànnlichen Geschlecht meist kráftiger ausgeprágt!) in Tuberkeln aufgelóst oder von gróberen Punkten unregelmássig besetzt, Die Fühler sind in den meisten Fállen in beiden Gesc ilechtern weniger different als bei EurAynchus; die Geissel ist bei den Mánnchen nie so kráftig, hebt sich in der Stürke deutlich vom ersten Keulenglied ab, das dritte Keulenglied ist beim Q oft wesentlich stárker als bei den Weibchen von Ewurhynchus verlángert, die Keule als solche meist loser gegliedert, gestreckter. Der Halsschild ist auf der Scheibe meist glatt, selten gerunzelt oder stürker punktiert — mit Ausnahme von einer Art (aspericollis Heller) nie so kráftig rauhkórnig oder grobrunzelig skulptiert wie bei Eurhynchus —, an der Basis (bei seitlicher Ansicht) weniger steil abfallend, allmáhliger verrundet und feiner gerandet. Die vorderen Schenkel tragen stets Auszeichnungen die in den beiden Geschlechtein meist verschieden sind; kurz vor dem Tibialgelenk befindet sich auf der Innenseite entweder ein scharfer doch ziemlich kurzer und relativ breiter Dorn (C), oder eine mehr oder minder scharfe Quer- leiste oder ein Hócker (meist bei den Weibchen, selten bei beiden Geschlechtern). vor welchen der Schenkel eine mehr oder weniger kráftige Ausbuchtung aufweist. Als weitere, bei den bisher bekannt gewordenen Species durchgreifende Merkmale dürfen die Fárbung und die Art der Bekleidung herangezogen werden. Der Kórper ist entweder lebhaft metallisch gefárbt, oder schwarz mit mehr oder minder starkem Metallschimmer, oder — wenn ohne diesem — stark gláànzend und wenigstens die Beine metallisch schimmernd; eine dichte gleichmássige Behaarung der Decken fehlt, es tritt nur eine Bildung lànglicher oder rundlicher, aus gelben oder weissen Schuppen- haaren gebildeter Makeln auf; das Abdomen ist stets kahl oder nur sehr fein und spáilich pubescent, IO COLEOPTERX nur die Epimeren des Meso- und die Episternen des Metathorax weisen mitunter eine dichtere Behaaruns auf. Die Gattung wurde kurz nach ihrer Begründung mit Eurhynckus vereinigt; Faust und Heller haben ihr wieder ihre Selbststándigkeit regeben und dieselbe mit den meisten der hier auch benutzten Charaktere motiviert; trotz der unleugbaren áusserst nahen Verwandtschaft der beiden Formengruppen und der starken Annáherung gewisser Arten aus beiden Gattungen zu einander, scheinen mir die erwühnten Merkmale doch so eingreifender Natur zu sein, um ihnen generischen Wert beilegzen zu dürfen. Geographische Verbreitung der Arten. — Die Mehrzahl der bisher bekannten Arten und Unterarten ist in Neu-Guinea heimisch, zwei Species sind der Insel Waigiou eigen und wenige kommen auch in Australien (Queensland) vor. Ueber die Biologie ist bisher leider nichts berichtet worden. Fossil ist die Gattung nicht bekannt. 1. C. alboguttatus, Snellen van Vollenhoven, Tijdschr. v. Ent. Vol. og, Salwatty. p. 226 (1866). alboguttatus, Heller, Notes Leyd. Mus. Vol. 18, p. 20, 22 (1896). . aspericollis, Heller, Abh. Ber. Zool. Mus. Dresden, Vol. 13, nr. 3, Kaiser Wilhelmsland. p.27 (t910). 3. C. bispinosus, Boisduval, Vov. Astrolabe, Vol. 2, p. 310 (1835). Neu-Guinea, Insel Waigiou. bispinosus, Heller, Notes Leyd. Mus. Vol. 18, p. 21 (1896). splendidus, Blanchard, Ann. Sc. Nat. Vol. 1o (3, p. 144 (1849). superbus, Heller, Abh. Ber. Zool. Mus. Dresden, p. 12 (1895). nr. 16 (1894-95): Notes Leyd. Mus. Vol. 18, p. 19 (1896). S o subsp. aruensis, Heller, Notes Leyd. Mus, Vol. 18, p. 21 (1896). Aru. subsp. australis, Heller, ibidem, p. 21 (1896). Queensland : Geraldton. subsp. guttifer, Heller, ibidem, p. 21 (1896). Neu-Guinea : Andai, subsp. intermedius, Heller, ibidem, p. 21 (1896). Neu-Guinea : Port Moresby. 4. C. exarmatus, Heller, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 73 (1905). Deutsch N.-Guinea :; Sattel- 5. C. inermis, Heller, Abh. Ber. Zool. Mus. Dresden, Vol. 6, nr. 11, p. 3. Britisch N.-Guinea. [berg. (1897). 6. C. insignis, Heller, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 72 (1905). Deutsch N.-Guinea : Sattel- 7. C. massulei, Heller, Abh. Ber. Zool. Mus. Dresden, Vol. 1o, nr. 2, p. 16 Britisch N.-Guinea. [berg. (1901), (1902-03). É var, interruptus, Heller, ibidem, p. 16 (1901), nr. 2 (1002-03). 8. C. nitens, Snellen van Vollenhoven, Tijdschr. v. Ent.Vol. 9, p. 225, Insel Waigiou. t. 12, f. 2 (1866) nitens, Heller, Notes Leyd Mus. Vol. 18, p. 22 (1896). subsp. papuanus, Heller, ibidem, p. 22 (1896). — Taf. 6, Fig. lO. Neu-Guinea. subsp. papuanus, var. auratus, Heller, ibidem, p.22 (1896). Neu-Guinea : Humboldt-Bay. 9. C. richteri, Faust, Stett. Iznt. Zeit. Vol. 53, p. 205 (1892). Neu-Guinea : Astrolabe- to. C. splendidus, Blackburn, Trans. Rov. Soc. S. Austral. Vol. 18, p. 163 Queensland. [Bay. (1893-94). 3. GENUS CTENAPHIDES, PASCOE Ctenaphides. Pascoe, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. to, p. 476, t. 18, f. 10, 104 (1870). P. 47 f Charaktere. — Da es mir bisher leider nicht mózglich war diese interessante Form in natura kennen zu lernen, muss ich mich darauf beschrünken die allerdings etwas kurze Charakteristik des Autors hier wiederzugeben : In allen Punkten mit EurAynchus vollkommen gleich gebildet, nur durch die gekimmten Fühler (im mànnlichen Geschlecht) verschieden; an diesen ist der Schaft ziemlich kurz, so lang als das zweite Geisselelied; das erste Geisselglied ist etwa so lang als breit, am Apex kaum vorge- zogen, das zweite Glied ist etwa anderthalbmal so lang als das erste, am distalen Ende etwas deutlicher BAWLCURCUILDIONIDAZS II als das erste Glied lappig vorgezogen; das dritte bis neunte Geisselglied (viertes bis zehntes Glied inclusive Schaft) sind in der Lànge ziemlich gleich, etwas lànger oder so lang als breit, am distalen Ende nach innen in einen Fortsatz verlàngert, welcher gegen das Ende leicht gekeult erscheint. Das Endglied (elftes Glied) ist so lang als die drei vorhergehenden Glieder zusammen, von eigenartiger, etwa bohnenfórmiger Gestalt, indem die Innenseite ziemlich stark ausgebuchtet, die Aussenseite in nicht gleichmássiger Curve konvex erscheint; sowohl das Endglied, wie auch die Fortsátze an den Geisselgliedern sind mit Wimperhárchen besetzt. Die einzige Art dieser Gattung hat dem Autor in drei mánnlichen Exemplaren vorgelegen; es bleiben daher noch grosse Lücken, sowohl betreffs der Gattungs- wie der Artcharakteristik, auszufüllen übrig. Geographische Verbreitung der Art. — West-Australien : Champion Bay. I. C. forcellus, Pascoe, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 10, p. 477, t. 18, f. 10, 102 (1870). Champion.Bay. 4. GENUS CYLAS, LATREILLE Cylas. Latreile, Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins. Vol. 3, p. 196 (1802); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 369 (1833); Lacordaire, Hist. Nat. Ins. Vol. 6, p. 529 (1863). Charaktere. — Eine, durch ihren formicidenühnlichen Habitus, welcher durch den vor der Basis stark eingeschnürten, im vorderen Teil mehr oder minder kugeligen Halsschild bedingt wird, sehr charakteristische Gattung. iórper meist schlank, selten gedrungener, einfarbig schwarz, in wenigen Fàllen zweifarbig (mit rotem Prothorax und metallischblauen Flügeldecken), meist ziemlich lebhaft, bisweilen metallisch glánzend, selten matt; meist kahl oder nur sehr fein und spárlich pubescent. In der Grósse relativ wenig variabel, die Arten schwanken zwischen 5 und 8 mm. (incl. Rostrum). Kopf in den meisten Fállen hinter den Augen mehr oder minder stark verlángert und meist auch stark verbreitert, in den Prothorax nur sehr wenig eingepflanzt und daher am Vorderrande des Hals- schildes nicht schmáler als dieser; die vollkommen seitlich gestellten Augen rund oder lànglich-oval mit der Schmalseite nach der Ober- und Unterseite des Kopfes gerichtet, mássig flach oder stark, selbst halbkugelig gewólbt; die Stirne schmal, stets eingedrückt, mit feinen Lüngsfáltchen am Innenrand der Augen. Kehlnaht deutlich sichtbar. Rüssel stets viel breiter — meist reichlich doppelt so breit — als die Stirne. fast durchwegs nicht lánger als der Kopf und in den beiden Geschlechtern an Lünge nur wenig verschieden, gerade oder nur wenig gebogen, dann meist auf der oberen Seite stürker als an der Unter- seite zebogen oder nur gegen die Spitze hin etwas abgebogen; an der Fühlerinsertion stets leicht ausgeschnitten — indem die vollkomen seitlich gestellten Fühlergruben die obere Flüche des Rüssels etwas angreifen, was von oben gesehen diesen kleinen Ausschnitt zum Ausdruck bringt — davor und dahinter in ein kleines stumptes Záhnchen oder Winkelchen erweitert. Die Fühlergruben sind nach unten in zwei, durch einen Mittelkiel getrennte, bis unter die Augen reichende, fein graubraun oder coldgelb tomentierte Furchen verlángert. Mandibeln relativ kráftig, stets deutlich wahrnehmbar. Fühler zehngliedrig, mit beim Q mehr oder minder keulenfórmigen, beim cf langgestreckt walzenfórmigem Endglied, welches bisweilen (beim gf) excentrisch am neunten Gliede eingelenkt ist; der Schaft ist ziemlich kurz, jedoch stets merklich lànger aber kaum kráftiger als die folgenden acht, meist ziemlich zleichlangen, gedrungenen, bisweilen stark queren und perlschnurartig aneinander gefügten Geissel- glieder; das Endglied ist stets fein sammetartig tomentiert, des ófteren ausserdem mit làngeren, mehr abstehenden Hárchen ziemlich spárlich bekleidet. Die Fühler sind meist in der Mitte des Rüssels, selten etwas vor oder hinter derselben, inseriert. 15 COLEOPTERA Prothorax stets etwa pokalfórmig; durch eine scharfe, etwa im basalen Drittel bis Viertel gelegene Einschnürung in einen grósseren, nahezu kugeligen Apikalteil und einen kleineren, mehr parallel- seitigen Basalteil getrennt; der Apicalteil ist stets betráchtlich hóher, fast halbkugelig gewólbt, trágt die Hüftpfannen. welche michi getrennt sind und mit ihrem Hinterrande den Basalteil tangieren. Der Basalteil besitzt meist vor der Basis, die selbst wieder fein gerandet erscheint, eine schwüchere Ouer- depression, von der sich nach vorne-unten ein Làüngsfültchen bis an die Hüften hinzieht. Flügeldecken meist schmal, langzestreckt elliptisch oder ziemlich parallelseitig, selten gedrun- gener mit stárker gerundeten Seiten; das Abdomen vóllig deckend; mit wohl entwickelten Humeral- beulen, zwischen diesen nach dem Basalrand zu abgeflacht und abfallend, am Basalrand nicht breiter als die Basis des Halsschildes; seitlich gesehen in den meisten Füllen gleichmássig und wenig stark gewólbt, selten ziemlich hochgewólbt, mit ziemlich feinen, müssig dicht gestellten, in mehr oder weniger regelmáüssigen Reihen — von diesen sind achtzehn bis vierundzwanzig wahrnehmbar — angeordneten Punkten, die meist in den auf einander folgenden Reihen alternieren, besetzt, im Grunde mit einem mikroskopisch feinen Chagrin; die Naht ist meist schwach gewulstet, bisweilen — namentlich zwischen der Basis und dem Niveau der Schulterbeulen — etwas kielfórmig erhoben. Das Schildchen ist ausserordentlich klein, meist nicht wahrnehmbar. Meso- und Metasternum und Abdomen stets ziemlich stark làngsgewólbt. Das Metasternum etwa zweimal so lang als das Mesosternum und in der Làünge mit dem ersten und zweiten Abdominalsternit zusammen egal; die Episternen des Mesosternums ziemlich kurz und etwas verzerrt trapezoid, die des Metasternums lang und schmal und nach rückwürts etwas zugespitzt. Die Mittelhüftspfannen sind schmal, die Hinterhüfthóhlen breit getrennt; die vorderen Coxen sind ziemlich lang, stumpf-kegel- oder zapfenfórmig, die mittleren nahezu halbkugelfórmig, die hinteren breit oval oder quer-gestellt eifórmig, ziemlich flach und erreichen mit ihrem Aussenende den Seitenrand der Flügeldecken. Erstes und zweites Abdominalsegment gleichbreit. fest verschmolzen, die Sutur nur an den Seiten ziemlich scharf vorhanden, in der Mitte bisweilen günzlich erloschen ; die drei letzten Segmente etwas vertieft regenüber den beiden vorigen gelegen, drittes und viertes schmal, das fünfte breiter, fast so breit als das dritte und vierte zusammen ; die Suturen zwischen den Sterniten 2 J- 3, 3 4- 4 und 4 4- 5 scharf ausgeprágt. Die zwei ersten Sternite tragen stets eine gróbere Skulptur als die drei letzten, welche meist matter als die vorigen sind. Beine meist schlank und lang, die Schenkel bisweilen schwach keulig verdickt, nie bewert ; die 'l'ibien gerade, keinesmals Trüger sekundárer Sexualcharaktere. Tarsen gleichfalls schlank, die drei ersten Glieder unterseits mit einer feinen, sammetartigen Sohle bekleidet; das dritte Glied nicht ganz bis auf den Grund gelappt, die Lappen ziemlich schmal, etwas seitlich gestellt (d. h. mit ihren Sohlen- fláchen etwas zusammenneigend); das Klauenglied stets das dritte Glied stark überragend, nach vorne nur wenig verbreitert, die Klauen nicht gezühnt oder appendiculiert, nach abwárts gebogen, wenig oder nicht gespreizt. Sexualauszeichnungen sind bisher auch an den Tarsen nicht beobachtet worden. Biologie. — Ueber die Biologie dieser Gattung ist bisher nur sehr wenig bekannt; die beiden háufigsten Arten, furcibenmis und /formicarius, leben an. Solanaceen und werden an diesen bisweilen schüdlich, wie aus einem Bericht von Mayor T. Broun hervorgeht und mir auch von Herrn W. Schultze, in Manila, mitgeteilt wurde; mit diesen Pflanzen wurden die beiden Arten auch weit verschleppt. Vermutlich leben auch von den übrigen Arten noch einige an Vertretern dieser, gerade in den Verbrei- tungsgebieten der Gattung Cylas, zahlreich vertretenen Pflanzenfamilie. Eine kurze Charakteristik der Larve und Puppe entnehme ich der kleinen Publikation des obengenannten Autors aus den Tranms. New Zeal. Instit. Vol. 40, p. 262-265, t. 22 (1907), « Notes on the Destruction of Kumaras », by Mayor JD-oBroun'*: LARVvE : 3 lin. lang, 3/4 lin. breit; cylindrisch, mit der Tendenz zu einer schwachen Krümmung; drittes, viertes und fünftes Segment ein wenig breiter als die anderen; der Kopf und das erste Segment uu e xdi FAM. CUÜRCULINOIDZE 13 schmáler, fast kreisrund, mit einer feinen, lànglichen Mittelfurche, ausserhalb dieser wie die übrigen Segmente skulptiert. Mandibeln kurz und unscheinbar, dunkelbraun. Der Rücken besitzt zwischen dem dritten und zehnten Segment einen schwer erkennbaren, linienartigen Eindruck: die Segmente sind durch Einschnürungen deutlich getrennt, sodass die einzelnen Segmente an den Seiten vortretend unl gerundet erscheinen. Die Oberflàche ist mehr oder weniger uneben, sehr fein chagriniert und nicht sehr deutlich punktiert; mit kurzen, grauen Hárchen spárlich besetzt. Augen und Beine nicht sichtbar; die letzteren sind unterseits auf den Sternalsegmenten durch glatte Erhabenheiten angedeutet. Die Farbe ist im Leben fast weiss. Purrr: Lànge : 2 1/2 lin. Farbe wie bei der Larve; wenn von oben betrachtet sieht man auf der Vorderseite des Prothorax sechs kleine Tuberkeln, zwei vorne und je zwei seitlich, von welchen jeder eine mássig lange Seta auísitzt. Die Unterseite zeigt die vier vorderen Beine und die Antennen; die hinteren Beine sind anscheinend unter den Elytren, diese zeigen eine deutliche Furchung 1); die Furchen konvergieren und verbinden sich zu Paaren ehe sie den Aussenrand erreichen; die Flügel sind unter den Elytren fest an den Kórper angeschlossen. doch deutlich durch eine Linie von diesem getrennt. Hinterkórper mit neun deutlichen Segmenten, das Basalsegment am lángsten, breit, lángs der Mitte breit gefurcht, die Enden etwas durchscheinend und mit zwei gebogenen Anhángen, einer an jeder Seite, versehen. Unterseite glánzend. In vorgeschrittenerem Stadium zeigen sich die angedunkelten Mandibeln, die schwarzen Klauen und Augen deutlich, wáhrend in noch unreiferem Stadium wohl Kopf und Rüssel, aber nicht die Augen bemerkbar sind. Geographische Verbreitung der Arten. — Lie Gattung ist mit ihren zwanzig bisher bekannten Arten über die áthiopische und die indomalayische Region verbreitet; in Afrika ist sie durch die überwiegende Mehrzahl der Arten, welche meist eine ziemlich beschrünkte Verbreitung aufweisen, vertreten; von diesen bewohnt wieder der gróssere Teil das nórdlichere Gebiet. Abessinien, Erythrea einerseits, Senezal, Kamerun andererseits, wáhrend nur zwei Arten südlich bis nach Natal vordringen und fernere zwei Arten Madagaskar bewohnen. Von den Vertretern der indomalayischen Region sind zwei Arten. formicartus und £urcipbennis, vom Westen bis nach dem fernsten Osten des Gebietes verbreitet, auf den meisten Inseln heimisch, nórdlich bereits aus Formosa nachgewiesen und weiters bis nach Australien, wohin sie wie bereits erwáhnt verschleppt wurden, verbreitet; formicarius ist auch aus Afrika bekannt und dort wohl gleichfalls mit seiner Nàhrpflanze eingeführt worden; auch in Nord-Amerika soll eine Art mit einer Solanacee eingeschleppt worden sein und dürfte es sich in dieser wohl ebenfalls um eine der beiden weit verbreiteten und verschleppten Arten handeln. Fossil ist die Gattung bisher nicht nachgewiesen. r. C. augustatus, Labram & Imhoff, Gen. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 25 (1842). Senegal. 2. C; brunneus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Vol. 1. p. 492 (1797). Senegal. brunneus, Herbst, Kaf. Vol. 7, p. 200, t. 108, f. 8a (1797) ; Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. rz, p. 370 (1833). 3. C. compressus, Hartmann, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 22 (1899). Deutsch Ost-Afrika. 4. C. curtipennis, Fairmaire, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 7. p. 322 (1887). Zanzibar. 5. C. cyanesceus, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. i, p. 371. Senegal. (1833). cyanescens, Fáhraeus, Oefv. Vet. Akad. Fórh. Vol. 28, p. 237 (1871). Kaffernland. 6. C. femoralis, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 24 (1898). Kamerun. 7. C. formicarius, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 174 (1798). Vorder-Indien, Ceylon, Su- formicarius, Olivier, Ent. Vol. 5, p. 446, t. 2, f. 19 (1807); Schónherr, Gen. matra, Borneo, Nias; Spec. Curc. Vol. t, p. 371 (1833). Ost-Afrika. Amerika (?). 8. C. glabripennis, Hartmann, Wien. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 1o, p. 282 (1807). Deutsch Ost-Afrika. 1) Es wáre von hohem Interesse an der Puppe genau zu untersuchen : 1? die Zahl der Fühlerglieder und 2" die Zahl der Furchen auf den Flügel- decken; móglicherweise lásst sich die hohe Zahl der Streifen auf der Flügeldecke des entwickelten Káfers, aui die normale JVeuzzaZ/ der übrigen Apioninen- Typen, im Puppenstadium zurückführen. (coy (eye efe COLEOPTERA . impunctalus, Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 52, p. 282 (189r). . laevicollis, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 372 (1833). . laevigatus, Fahraeus, Oefv. Vet. Akad. Fórh. Vol. 28, p. 237 (1871). . longicollis, Chevrolat, in Guérin, Icon. Regn. Anim. p. 139, t. 36, f. 10 (1830). . nigrocoerulans, Fairmaire, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 71, p. 384 (1902). . puucticollis, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 372 (1833). . robustus, Faust, Stett, Ent. Zeit. Vol. 55, p. 149 (1894). . rufesceus, Fairmaire, Ann. Soc. Ent Fr. Vol. 68, p. 5or (1899). . rufibes, Faust, ibidem, Vol. 62, p. 513 (1893). . semipunctatus, Fáhrzeus, Oefv. Vet, Akad. Fórh. Vol. 28, p. 237 (1871). . submetallicus, Desbrochers, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. Vol. 59, p. 214 (1890). . lurcibennis, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 369 (1833). — Taf. 6, Fig. 8. turcipennis, Labram & Imhoff, Gen. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 25 (1842). BroroctE : Broun, Trans. N. Zeal. Inst. Vol. 40, p. 262, t. 22, f. 1-5 (1907). 2. TRIBUS APIONINI, WAGNER Apionini, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 433 (1909). Apionides. Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 247 (1833); Lacordaire, Hist. Nat. Ins. Vol. 6, p. 531 (1863). Cybebides. Lacordaire, Hist. Nat. Ins. Vol. 6, p. 539 (1863). Tanaonides. Schónherr, Spec. Gen. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 447 (1839). Apiidae. Bedel, Faun. Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 199 (1885). Apioninae. Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 5o, p. 79, Nota (1889). Nagpore. Java. Kaffernland. Senegal. Madagaskar. Senegal. Erythrea, Abessinien. Madagaskar. Cochinchina. Kaffernland. Sikkim. Indomalaysche Region, Amerika (?), Tonga, Aus- tralien. UEBERSICHTSTABELLE DER GATTUNGEN r. Die Hüftpfannen des mittleren Beinpaares nicht. getrennt. — Die Hüftpfannen des mittleren. Beinpaares durch die zusam- mentrvetenden | Fortsátze des Meso- und Metasternums mehr oder minder schmal getrennt . 2. Schenkel unbewehrt — Schenkel bewehrt; die. Vorderschenkel nahe des Tibialge- lenhes unterseits mit einem kráftigen Zahn, die vier hinteren D Schenkel daselbst mit einem kurzen, stumpfen Hückerchen. — 3. Genus MEGaTRACHELUS, Faust (1 Art). 3. Flügeldecken von lünglicher, ovaler Form, müssig stark — Flügeldecken kurz. gedrungen, auffallend hochgewólbt, die gewilbt, die Wólbungslinie gleichmássig, in der Mitte am hüchslen; fein. gestreift, die Spatien plan oder schwach konvex ; Kürber stark metallisch glànsend .— .. . —. 2. Genus RuüapiNocvsa, Faust (4 Arten). Wlbungslinie eine ungleichmásstge, etwas vor der Mitte am hüchsten, nach hinten sehr. steil, aber mehr flach abfal- FAM. CURCULIONIDZE 15 lend ; die Punktstreifen ziemlich breit, die bveiten Spatien leicht konkav ; Kóvrfer tiefschwarz, matt G9 ic 4 - m SUheM ke lounbeue rtr I SCRenRed DEW ELA EET ESTE ES 5. Vorderschenkel am ganzen Vorderrande mit. zahlreichen kleinen. Záhnen und. Kórnchen besetzt, die vier. hinteren Schenkel am. Innenrande mit. einer. Reihe von. vier. bis sechs kleinen. Hóchercheu; das vordere Beinpaar zm Verhálinis zu den. zwei hinteren Paaven. (namentlich die Schenkel!) auffallend vergróssert. . . . . . . — Vorderschenkel nahe des. Tibialgelenkes mit. drei Záàhnen, von ielchem der inmerste der grósste, die wiery Hünter- schenkel mit eimem Aleineren, stumpferen Záhnchen an gleicher Stelle; die Vorderschenkel nur wenig grósser als die vückwártigen. . : 6. Flügeldecken mit zehn ganzen Streifen o. 6 — Flügeldecken mit neun ganzen Streifen und mit einem mehr oder minder deutlichen, apiRalen zehnten Streifenvudiment, welches meist als. kuyzer. W inkelstveifen an der Flügel- deckenspitze ausgebildet ist; in einem. Falle ist auch. ein, zwischen dem achten und meuntem Streifen gelegener, kurzer Subhumeralstreifen ausgebildet... — Flügeldecken scheinbar ungestreift 1), nur an den Seiten sind die zwei leizten Streifen als nicht ganz das N tveau der Schulterecken und. die Spitze evreichende, geschaungene, fein punklierle Linien ausgebildet... . . . . 7. Endglied der Fühlerkeule viel kürzer als das vorhergehende Glied, die Keule verháltnismássig sehr klein, rundlich. Kórper von Magdalis-áhnlichem Habitus 2). . — Endglied der Fühlerkeule 3) mindestens so. lang, meist reichlich lànger a/s das vorhergehende Glied ; Keule eifürmig bis langgestreckt spindelfórmig : 8. Die drei leizten Ventralsegmente liegen gegenüber den beiden ersten. stets deutlich vertieft; die zwei ersten Steynite sind mehr odey minder stark gewólbt, die zwei vorletzten, meltst auch das fünfte Sternit, sind flach. Das dritte und vierte Steynit susammen sind hóchstens halb so breit als das fünfte. Fühlerschaft bedeutend lünger als das zweite Geisselglied . — Die drei leizien Ventralsegmente liegen kaum vertieft gegen- 9. Genus PrrRnaPIOoN, Faust (1 Art). * 12 3i 9. Genus MEcorENus, Schónherr (1 Art). 8. Genus AProMoRPHUS, Wagner (r1 Art). 5. Genus CvnsEnBus, Schónherr (6 Arten). 7 1. Genus MynwacicELus, Chevrolat(3 Arten). 1I. Genus Poparrow, Riley (1 Art). 1) Unter starker mikroskopischer Vergrósserung sind Spuren áüusserst einer Streiten wahrnehmbar, 2) Bei der Aufstellung dieses Gegensatzes musste ich mich auf die von Smith & Fall gegebenen Beschreibungen und Abbildung dieser Gattung und den darin erwühnten, hauptsálichsten Unterscheidungsmerkmalen von 4fioz stützen, da mir die Gattung bisher unbekannt blieb und auch die Originalbeschreibung nicht zugánglich wurde. 3) Ich betrachte als Endglied das Verschmelzungsprodukt ursprünglich zweier Glieder; also auch in den Fállen wo das Endglied noch deutlich die Sutur erkennen lásst, die Keule demnach viergliedrig erscheint, fasse ich sie als dreigliedrig auf und stelle somit bei der obigen Charakteristik dieses Verschmelzungsprodukt den scharf und swirA/ich getrennten zwei ersten Keulengliedern gegenüber; ich verweise weiters auf meine diesbezüglichen Erórterungen p. 27. 16 COLEOPTERA übey den zwei ersten; alle fünf Stevnite sind gleichmássig schwach gewülbt; das drilte und vierte Stevnit zusammen sind kaum schmüler ais das fünfte. FüUhler robust, Schaft nur sehr wenig lánger als das zweite Geisselglted. | 10. Genus TawNaos, Schónherr (3 Arten). 9. Flügeldechen zaischen dem achten und. neunten Streifen mit einem nicht ganz die Mitte dey Deckenlànge erreichenden Streifen (Subhumeralstreifen) .— . . . . . . . 6. Genus LisPorueniuM, Faust (1 Art). — Flügeldechen ohne Subhumeralstreifen ... .. . . . . 7. Genus ArrioN, Herbst (1075 Arten). Il. GENUS MYRMACICELUS, CHEVROLAT Myrmacicelus. Chevrolat, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 2, p. 358 (1893); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 364 (1839); Lacordaire, Hist. Nat. Ins. Vol. 6, p. 53o (1563) (Cvlades); Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 5o, p. 79, Nota (1889) (Aproninae). Charaktere. — Habituell einem Cy/as sehr áhnlich; Kórper schwarz, stark lackgláànzend, kahl. Grósse 2 bis 5 mm. (inclusive Rostrum). Kopf nach hinten verbreitert, mit wenig stark verlángertem Scheitel, nur wenig in den Halsschild eingepflanzt und am Hinterrande fast so breit als der Halsschildvorderrand; mit sehr flachen, nicht vortretenden Augen, welche lünglich oval sind, an den Seiten die halbe Kopfdicke einnehmen und nach oben sehr nahe zusammentreten, wodurch die Stirne sehr schmal wird; diese ist stets eingedrückt. Rüssel ziemlich kurz, robust, fast cylindrisch, nicht oder nur wenig gebogen, beim Q wenig làánger und dünner als beim gf; an der Fühlerinsertion sehr unbedeutend angeschwollen und zwischen dieser und der Spitze beim Q deutlicher als beim gf, doch sehr schwach eingeengt; Mandibeln kurz und kráftig, deutlich sichtbar. Fühlergruben ziemlich kurz, in der unteren Hàlfte der Rüsselseite beginnend, nach unten leicht konvergierend, den Kopf nicht erreichend, durch einen scharfen Mittelkiel getrennt. Der Rüssel besitzt keine seitlichen Furchen und zeigt eine mehr oder minder starke, nach der Spitze zu feiner werdende Skulptur. Fühler zwólfgliedrig, kurz und kráftig, deutlich in die drei Abschnitte (Schaft, Geissel und Keule) gesondert; Schaft von müssiger Lànge, die Geisselglieder sind eng an einander gefügt, kurz, die Keule eifórmig zugespitzt; Schaft und Geissel sind kahl. die Keule fein tomentiert, die einzelnen Glieder am Rande mit làngeren Borstenhàürchen besetzt. Die Insertionsstelle der Fühler liegt etwas hinter der Mitte. Halsschild sehr áhnlich wie bei Cj/as gebildet; derselbe ist, infolge einer starken Einschnürung vor der Basis, in einen grossen, seitlich gerundeten, stark gewólbten vorderen und einen kleinen, schmalen, seitlich parallelen, flachen hinteren Teil getrennt; bei seitlicher Betrachtung erscheint der vordere Teil bedeutend hóher als der Basalteil; die Wólbungslinie des Apikalteiles ist eine ungleiche, seitlich gesehen erscheint dieser Teil gegen den Kopf bin nur wenig gerundet, gegen die Basis hin stark gerundet, steil abfallend; der Apikalteil ist nahezu glatt, trágt die Coxen; der Basalteil zeigt eine ziemlich starke Punktierung und an den Seiten eine vom Basalrand nach vorne-unten bis an die Coxen hipziehende, scharfe Furche. Die Vorderhüíten sind gross, zapfen- fórmig, ihre Gelenkpfannen nicht getrennt. Die Flügeldecken sind ovoid, ziemlich gleichmássig hoch gewólbt. mit wohl entwickelten Schulterbeulen; scheinbar zungesireift, bei sehr starker Lupen- oder mikroskopischer Vergrósserung sind jedoch áusserst fein eingeritzte Streifen wahrnehmbar; die zwei letzten. Streifen sind als vorne und rückwárts verkürzte, schwach S-fórmig geschwungene, punktierte Linien deutlich ausgeprágt. Schildchen nicht wahrnehmbar. Flügel wohl ausgebildet; im Geáder sehr dem echten APion-llügel genáhert, dasselbe reduciert, mit nur einer Analader. Metasternum und die zwei ersten Abdominalsternite ziemlich stark gewólbt; Mesosternum vorne gegen das Prosternum steil FAM. CURCULIONID/E I7 abfallend; Metasternum ziemlich breit, seine Episternen schmal und ziemlich parallel; Hüftpfannen des mittleren Beinpaares schmal, die des hinteren Beinpaares breit getrennt. Coxen des zweiten Beinpaares ziemlich flach kegelfórmig, die des dritten Paares flach, quer-oval, den Seitenrand der Flügeldecken erreichend. Die Trochanteren aller Beine sind ganz ausserordentlich verlángert, erreichen fast die halbe Schenkellánge; sie sind an der Basis dünn walzenfórmig, gegen die Schenkelbasis hin keulig verdickt. Das erste und zweite Ventralsegment sind vollstindig verschmolzen, die Sutur nur an den Seiten schwach erkennbar; breit und ziemlich stark gewolbt; das dritte und vierte Segment sehr schmal, durch scharfe Furchen getrennt, flach, stark vertieft gelegen; das fünfte Segment lappenfórmig, flach, breit, an der Spitze kurz lappig vorgezogen. Beine ziemlich lang, die Schenkel und Tibien sehr kráftg, letztere gerade, am distalen Ende mit einem Kranz schwarzer Bórstchen besetzt und dadurch etwas verbreitert erscheinend. Tarsen plump, erstes Glied lànglich-trapezfórmig, zweites Glied breit trapezoid, am Vorderrande ziemlich tief ausgeschnitten, das dritte Glied breit gelappt. die Lappen nicht vóllig getrennt; das erste und zweite Glied tragen eine feine sammetartige Sohlenbekleidung. das dritte Glied besitzt auf der Sohle lüngere, goldgelbe Haare. Klauenglied kurz, das dritte Glied nicht oder nur wenig überragend, die Klauen ziemlich kurz und fein, stumpf gezáühnt. Die Beine tragen keinerlei sekundáre Sexualcharaktere, sind stets unbewehrt. Geographische Verbreitung der Arten. — Die drei bisher bekannten Arten sind in Australien heimisch. Ueber die Biologie ist zurzeit nichts bekannt. Fossil ist die Gattung nicht nachgewiesen. I. M. exsertus, Pascoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. ro (4), p. 95 (1873). West-Australien, 2. M. formicarius, Chevrolat, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 2, p. 359, t. 15, f. B. Australien. (1833). formicarius, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 364 (1839). bistriatus, Guérin, Voy. Cocquille, t. 6, f. 7 (1830); Boisduval, Voy. Astro- labe, Vol. 2, p. 321 (1833). 3. M. puerulus, Lea, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 23. p. 606 (1898). "West-Australien. 2. GENUS RHADINOCYBA, FAUST Rhadinocyba. Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 5o, p. 79 (1889); Heller, Abh. Ber. Zool. Mus. Dresden, Vol. 10, p. 17 (1gor). Charaktere. — Habituell sehr an ein echtes Af/on erinnernd; Kórper kahl, lebhaft glànzend, schwarz, mit mehr oder minder starkem, metallischem Schimmer, Halsschild und Flügeldecken bis- weilen tiefblau oder lebhaft erzfarben. Kopf hinter den Augen stark halsfórmig verlàngert, nach hinten mehr oder minder verbreitert, am Scheitelhinterrande nicht schmàáler als der Halsschildvorderrand, glatt, fast unpunktiert. Augen rundlich, vollkommen seitlich gestellt, mehr oder minder gewólbt und vortretend. Rüssel mássig lang, in den beiden Geschlechtern in der Lànge deutlich verschieden, beim 9 lànger und meist etwas dünner; cylindrisch oder zwischen der Fühlerinsertion und Spitze leicht eingeengt, fast gerade oder màássig stark gebogen; Fühlerfurchen als kleine, rundliche Grübchen oder als làngere nach unten-hinten konvergierende, durch einen scharfen Mittelkiel getrennte Furchen, die den Kopf knapp erreichen, ausgebildet; Seitenfurchen fehlen; Mandibeln müssig kráftig, deutlich sichtbar. Fühler zwólfgliedrig, mit langem, schlankem Schaft und mehr oder minder lang-spindelfórmiger Keule; die Geisselglieder am Vorderrande fein bewimpert, das erste Glied stets wesentlich kürzer und kráftiger als das zweite, dieses bedeutend lànger als die folgenden Glieder; die Keule fein tomentiert und ausserdem mit feinen Wimperhárchen miüssig dicht bekleidet. Die Fühler sind stets etwas hinter der Mitte des Rüssels inseriert. Halsschild mehr oder weniger walzenfórmig, bisweilen nach vorne etwas stárker als nach hinten verengt, aber die Verengung stets ziemlich schwach, niemals ist eine schürfere 18 COLEOPTERA Einschnürung am Vorderrande oder vor der Basis vorhanden ; die letztere sehr leicht konvex (gegen die Deckenbasis) oder sehr schwach zweibuchtig, die Hinterecken in ihrer Anlage recht- oder stumpf- winkelig, niemals spitzwinkelig ; seitlich gesehen sehr wenig und mehr oder weniger gleichmassig gewólbt, nahezu unpunktiert, der Grund glatt, die Basis fein gerandet. Die Hüften mehr dem Vorderrande genühert eingelenkt, zapfenfórmig, ihre Pfannen nicht getrennt. Flügeldecken eifórmig oder elliptisch, mit deutlich. entwickelten Schulterbeulen, mehr oder minder stark gewólbt, die Wolbungslinie aber stets eine ziemlich gleichmássige; scharf und fein, oder fast erloschen (aber immer sehr undeutlich oder nicht punktiert) gestreift, die Spatien sehr breit, meist sehr wenig gewólbt; neun voll ausge- bildete Streifen stets deutlich erkennbar. Schildchen sehr klein, doch deutlich sichtber. Mittel- und Hinterbrust und die zwei ersten Abdominalsegmente stark gewólbt; Mesosternum kürzer als das Metasternum, dessen Episternen sehr schmal, parallel. Die Mittelhüften sind ziemlich lang, zapfen- fórmig, ihre Pfannen sind nicht getrennt, die Hinterhüften sind flach, quer-ellipsoid, erreichen mit ihrem Aussenende die Flügeldecken und sind ziemlich breit getrennt. Erstes und zweites Abdominalsternit verschmolzen, die Sutur mehr oder minder erloschen, drittes und viertes Sternit sehr schmal, flach, vertieft gelegen, die Suturen zwischen den Segmenten 2 -|- 3, 3 4- 4 und 4 4- 5 sehr scharf; fünítes Sternit breit, lappenfórmig, flach. Flügel wohl ausgebildet. Beine ziemlich lang und schlank, die Schenkel in der Mitte etwas gekeult, unbewehrt; Schienen vollkommen gerade, am distalen Ende schwach schrág nach innen abgestutzt, daselbst mit einem feinen Bórstchenbesatz umgeben und an ihren Lángskanten mit feinen Hàrchen ziemlich spárlich besetzt. Erstes Tarsenglied gestreckt, zweites kurz trapezoid, drittes Glied bis fast auf den Grund gelappt, die Lappen breit auseinander stehend. Alle drei Glieder unterseits mit sammetartiger Bekleidung; Klauenglied das dritte Glied stark überragend, mit ziemlich kráftigen, vollstàndig seitlich gestellten, nach abwárts gekrümmten und an der Basis scharf gezáhnten Klauen. Sekundáre Sexualcharaktere sind an den Beinen nicht vorhanden. Geographische Verbreitung der Arten. — Von den vier bisher bekannten Arten bewohnen drei Neu-Guinea, eine ist in Neu-Caledonien heimisch ; die guinesischen Arten zeichnen sich gegenüber der einen Art aus Neu-Caledonien durch bedeutendere Kórpergrósse und die lebhafteren, metallischen Farben aus. Ueber die Biologie ist bisher nichts bekannt geworden. Fossil unbekannt. 1. R. aenea, Heller, Abh. Ber. Zool. Mus. Dresden, Vol. 10, p. 17(1901). —. Neu-Guinea. 2. R. nigricollis, Heller, ibidem, p. 18 (19or). Neu-Guinea. 3 R.nitidipennis, Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 5o, p. So (1889). — Taf. 6, XNeu-Caledonien. Eug; 4. R. splendida, Heller, Abh. Ber. Zool. Mus. Dresden, Vol. 10, p. 17(1901r). Neu-Guinea. 3. GENUS MEGATRACHELUS, FAUST Megatrachelus. Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 5o, p. 77 (1889). Charaktere. — Von der Gestalt eines 4fios, durch wesentliche Merkmale an den einzelnen Kórpersegmenten, sowie durch bewehrte Beine sehr ausgezeichnet. Kórper kahl, von lebhaft metallisch. dunkel- bis blaugrüner Fárbung; ziemlich gross. Lánge 4 1/2 bis 8 mm. (incl. Rostrum). Kopf schwach konisch, hinter den rundlichen, seitlichgestellten Augen ziemlich stark verlàüngert, mit ziemlich tief eingedrückter Stirne. Rüssel beim 9 lànger als beim cf, in beiden Geschlechtern ziemlich lang, mássig gebogen, ziemlich kráftig, fast cylindrisch; Mandibeln deutlich sichtbar, breit. Fühlerfurche lang und tief, von der Mitte des Rüssels bis zur Kehle reichend, nach hinten wenig konvergierend und allmáhlig flacher, durch einen, von der Fühlerinsertion nach hinten scharf zuge- spitzten, keilfórmigen Mittelkiel getrennt. Kehlnaht deutlich sichtbar. Fühler zwólfgliedrig, der Schaft lang, die Geisselglieder bewimpert, ziemlich eng aneinander gefügt, die Keule scharí abgesetzt, fein IXANMCQGUUSENG (HIE TEO)INGISIDZIS 19 tomentiert, spindelfórmig. Halsschild von der fein gerandeten, fast gerade abgestutzten Basis nach vorne schwach erweitert, vor der Mitte am breitesten, dann ziemlich stark eingeengt, die vor der Einengung schmal abgesetzten Seiten parallel, der Vorderrand gerade; seitlich gesehen flach gewoólbt. Vorderhüften gross, zapfenfórmig, ihre Gelenkpfannen nicht getrennt, sehr weit gegen den Aussenrand des Prosternums reichend; vor der Basis befindet sich eine an den Seiten beginnende, bis an die Coxen reichende, tiefe Furche. Flügeldecken von eigenartiger Form und Skulptur; von der Basis nach hinten stark und fast geradlinig erweitert, hinter der Mitte am breitesten, daselbst — bei Betrachtung von oben — unter einem abgerundeten, stumpfen Winkel nach hinten kurz und breit, gemeinsam verrundet; seitlich gesehen hoch buckelig gewólbt, nach hinten sehr steil abfallend ; mit neun scharf eingedrückten Streifen, von welchen der erste mit dem neunten, der zweite mit dem siebenten, der dritte mit dem sechsten und der vierte mit dem fünften an der Flügeldeckenspitze zusammentreffen, das erste Paar in fast rechtem Winkel, der vierte und fünfte in schon betráchtlicher Entfernung von der Spitze in scharf spitzem Winkel; zwischen dem achten und neunten Streifen ist vor der Spitze ein kurzer Apikalstreifen ausgebildet. Die gerunzelten Zwischenráume sind gegen die Basis und Spitze hin gewólbt, in der Mitte der Decken mehr dachf)rmig erhoben, an den Spatien 3-5 am deutlichsten ausgeprügt, die Schulter- beulen sind kráftig entwickelt, die Deckenbasis ist zwischen der Nath und dem vierten Streifen lippenfórmig emporgehoben; das Schildchen ist klein. Flügel vollkommen entwickelt. Mesosternum schmal, die Episternen schmal zungenfórmig; die Mittelhüften gross, zapfenfórmig, ihre Gelenk- pfannen auicht getrennt, der ihren Hinterrand bildende Vorderrand des Metasternums scharf gerandet, als feine Wulst aufgebogen und in der Mitte etwas vorgezogen. Metasternum auffallend stark lüngs- und quer-gewólbt, merklich breiter als das erste Abdominalsternit; die Episternen sehr schmal, parallel. Hinterhüften stark genáhert, breit, flach. Erstes und zweites Ventralsegment ziemlich stark gewólbt, das zweite an den Seiten etwas niedergedrückt; beide ziemlich stark und dicht quer-gerieft, die Sutur breit, doch nicht scharf; drittes und viertes Segment schmal, durch breite und tiefe Furchen von einander wie auch von den Segmenten 2 und 5 getrennt; flach, gegenüber dem zweiten und fünften Segment ziemlich stark vertieft gelegen; das fünfte Segment flach gewólbt, breit lappenfórmig, an der Spitze beim Q schmal ausgebuchtet und davor mit einem kurzen Làngseindruck. Beine ziemlich lang und kráftig; die Schenkel sind etwas gegen das distale Ende hin schwach gekeult und besitzen — in beiden Geschlechtern — unterseits, nahe des Tibialgelenkes, eine Ausbuchtung; diese ist nach innen von einem schwach hóckerartigen, kurzen Querleistchen begrenzt, welchem auf den vorderen Schenkeln ein kráftiger, nach abwárts gerichteter Zahn aufsitzt. Schienen etwas zusammengedrückt, nach aussen etwas gekantet, die vorderen im proximalen Viertel innen sehr schwach ausgebuchtet, am Apex nach innen schwach abgeschrágt und mit einem schwarzen Bórstchenbesatz umgeben; gerade (Q) oder die vier vorderen sehr schwach nach innen gebogen (c). Tarsen : erstes und zweites Glied lànglich- trapezoid, drittes Glied bis auf den Grund gelappt ; erstes und zweites Glied mit einer sammetartigen, das dritte mit einer helleren, mehr filzigen Sohle. Klauenglied das dritte Glied überragend, die Klauen ziemlich lang, stark gespreizt, scharf gezáhnt. Geographische Verbreitung der Art. — Die einzige Art der Gattung ist in Neu-Caledonien heimisch; über ihre Lebensweise und Entwickelung ist gegenwáürtig noch nichts bekannt. Fossil unbekannt. 1. M. chloris, Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 50, p. 77 (1889). — Taf. 6, Fig. 3. Neu-Caledonien. 4. GENUS PTERAPION, FAUST Pterapion. l'aust, Stett, Ent. Zeit. Vol. 5o, p. 75 (1889). Charaktere. — Der vorhergehenden Gattung, mit der sie mehrere Merkmale gemeinsam hat, am náchsten verwandt; ausgezeichnet durch die stark blasig aufgetriebenen, sehr hoch gewoólbten 20 COLEOPTERA Decken. Kórper ziemlich gross, Lànge (inclusive Rostrum) 8 bis r0 mm.; tief schwarz, fast matt, kahl. Kopf hinter den Augen mássig stark verlàngert, fast cylindrisch. Rüssel ziemlich lang und kráftig, in beiden Geschlechtern an Lànge verschieden, beim Q merklich lànger als beim cf, fast cylindrisch; zwischen der Fühlerinsertion und Spitze — beim Q deutlicher — schwach eingeengt, nach vorne wieder deutlich verbreitert; die linke Mandibel ist merklich kráftiger entwickelt als die rechte, deutlich sichtbar. Fühlerfurchen wie bei Megatrachelus gebildet; seitliche Furchen fehlen. Die Fühler sind zwolf- gliedrig, sehr lang und schlank; der Schaft ist dünn und fast so lang als die ganze Geissel, deren erste Glieder sehr gestreckt sind; die Keule ist lang elliptisch, fein tomentiert; die Geisselglieder sind lang bewimpert. Die Fühlerinsertion liegt beim Q nahezu in der Mitte, beim cf etwas mehr der Spitze genühert. Der Halsschild ist genau wie bei der vorhergehenden Gattung gebildet, auch in der Form ganz àhnlich. Die Flügeldecken sind an der Basis so breit als der Halsschildhinterrand, der erste Zwischenraum erhebt sich kurz vor der Naht wulstfórmig. umschliesst das kleine, lángliche Schildchen und biegt sich nach aussen, um als gleichmássige feine Wulst die ganze Basis zu begrenzen; o/me jeder Andeutung von Schullerbeulen, nach der Mitte zu ganz auffallend verbreitert, in (cy ) oder etwas vor (9 ) der Mitte am breitesten, nach hinten gemeinsam breit zugerundet, ausserordentlich hoch gewólbt, bei seitlicher Ansicht etwas vor der Mitte am hóchsten, nach hinten sehr steil, aber in gleichmássiger Curve abfallend; bei Ansicht von hinten erscheinen die Decken am Rücken etwas abgeflacht, nach den Seiten weit ausladend, gegen das Abdomen hin wieder verengt, dieses gleichsam umschliessend; sie sind von neun ziemlich starken, doch undeutlich punktierten Streifen durchzogen, die sich ganz ühnlich wie bei voriger Gattung verbinden; auch ist ein kurzer (zehnter) Apikalstreifen ausgebildet. Die Spatien sind breit, leicht konkav, ihre Ránder mehr oder minder deutlich wulstig, gegláttet und etwas glànzend, nur der vierte Zwischenraum ist an der Stelle der hóchsten Deckenwólbung — namentlich beim Q! — gewólbt oder schwach beulig aufgetrieben, wodurch die Decken daselbst etwas buckelig erscheinen. Die ganze Unterseite ist in den wesentlichsten Merkmalen wie bei der vorigen Gattung gebildet, nur ist das Metasternum sehr schmal, kaum gewoólbt, die Hinterhüften sind den Mittelhüften sehr nahe gerückt; das letzte Ventralsegment ist beim c an der Spitze in grósserer Ausdehnung beborstet, beim Q einfach gebildet, kahl. Flügel wohl ausgebildet, ziemlich kurz und breit, das Geáder sehr reduciert, mit nur einer kráftigen Analader. Beine lang. die Schenkel verháltnismássig dünn, unbewehrt, die vier hinteren Schienen seAr scliwach ein wárts gebogen, die vorderen gerade, im Querschnitt rundlich, am Apex gerade abgestutzt, fein schwarz beborstet. Tarsen im Verháltnis zu den Tibien breit, das erste Glied lang, schwach nach vorne verbreitert, das zweite kurz trapezoid, das dritte breit gelappt, die Lappen flach und bis auf den Grund geteilt; alle drei Glieder mit einer sammetartigen Sohle; Klauenglied gestreckt, das dritte Glied überragend, die Klauen kráftig, breit gespreizt, an der Basis scharf gezáhnt; die drei ersten Glieder und das Klauenglied sind oberseits, und namentlich an den Seiten, mit ziemlich langen, schwarzen Wimperhaaren besetzt. Geographische Verbreitung der Art. — Die Gattung ist gleichfalls nur durch eine beschrie- bene Art, die in Neu-Caledonien heimisch ist, vertreten. Eine zweite unbeschriebene Art, die ich bisher in wenigen Exemplaren — aber alle sehr defect! — sah und die unter dem Namen Cynbelus utriculus geht, gehórt sicher hieher; ihre Heimat ist ebenfalls Neu-Caledonien; ob eine dritte Art, die mir momentan nicht vorliegt (gleichfalls aus Neu-Caledonien und unbeschrieben) ebenfalls in diese Gattung gehórt, vermag ich noch nicht sicher zu beurteilen; sie ist sehr ausgezeichnet durch kráftige (analog den Eurhynchinen !) hornfórmige Auftreibungen auf der Deckenmitte. Die Lebensweise und Entwicklung ist bisher unbekannt geblieben. Fossil ist die Gattung nicht bekannt. 1. P. monstrosum, Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 5o, p. 76 (1889). — Taf. 6, . Neu-Caledonien. Fig. 4. FAM. CURCULIONIDZE 2I 5. GENUS CYBEBUS, SCHONHERR Cybebus, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 447 (1839); Lacordaire, Hist. Nat. Ins. Vol. 6, p- 540 (1863). Charaktere. — Von Afios hauptsáchlich durch die zehn voll ausgebildeten Streifen auf den Flügeldecken verschieden; ferner charakteristisch durch den relativ sehr schmalen Kopf, der hinten den vollkommen seitlich gestellten Augen ziemlich stark halsfórmig verlángert ist, vorne allmáhlig in den Rüssel übergeht und an seiner Basis nur wenig breiter als letzterer erscheint. Seitlich gesehen ist er meist hinter den Augen flach eingesattelt. Der Rüssel ist in beiden Geschlechtern verschieden lang, die Làünge des Halsschildes selbst im mánnlichen Geschlecht stets übertreffend oder mindestens erreichend, mehr oder minder gebogen, cylindrisch mit schwach winkelig verbreiteter Fühlerinsertionsstelle; ohne seitliche Furchen, die Fühlerfurchen sind breit und tief, nach hinten bis fast an den Kopf reichend, durch einen ziemlich scharfen Mittelkiel getrennt; auch von der Fühlerinsertion gegen die Spitze hin ziehen zwei mehr oder minder tiefe, durch einen schwácheren Mittelkiel getrennte Furchen. Die Fühler sind in oder etwas hinter der Mitte des Rüssels inseriert, verháltnismássig lang und kráftig, sie überragen meist mit der ganzen Keule die Rüsselspitze ; sie sind zwólfgliedrig, deutlich in Schaft, Geissel und Keule gegliedert, wobei die meist nicht scharf abgesetzte, lang-eifórmige Keule deutlich viergliedrig erscheint. Der Halsschild ist stets konisch, an den Seiten meist nur sehr schwach gerundet, hinter dem Vorder- rande und vor der Basis nur sehr wenig oder nicht eingezogen, die Basis flach zweibuchtig oder gegen das Schildchen nur sehr schwach vorgezogen ; seitlich gesehen ziemlich schwach und mehr oder minder gleichmássig gewólbt. Die Flügeldecken sind im Umriss oval, sehr hoch gewólbt, besitzen wohl entwik- kelte Schulterbeulen und zehn ganze, meist sehr fein eingeritzte Streifen, deren Zwischenráume ausser- ordentlich breit und fast immer vollkommen flach sind. Das Schildchen ist stets deutlich wahrnehmbar, wenn auch ausserordentlich klein. Flügel vollstàndig ausgebildet. Abdomen von typischem Afron- Charakter; die Sutur zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Sternit deutlich ausgeprügt. Vorderhüfthohlen zusammenstossend, die Mittelhüftpfannen sind ziemlich schmal, die hinteren ziemlich breit getrennt. Beine mehr oder minder lang, doch immer ziemlich robust, stets unbewehrt. Die Schienen gerade oder sehr schwach S-fórmig gebogen, am Innenrande und am Apex meist mit dichter gestellten Bórstchen besetzt. Das erste Tarsenglied ist immer wesentlich schmáler als das zweite, dieses trapezoid, das dritte breit und fast bis auf den Grund gelappt; die zwei ersten Glieder tragen eine sammetartige, das dritte eine zottig behaarte Sohle; das Klauenglied überragt das dritte Glied nur wenig, seine Klauen sind verháltnismássig klein, breit gespreizt und an der Basis ziemlich breit gezáhnt. Die Arten erinnern habituell an ein Conaf?on; sie zeigen fast immer einen lebhaften Glasglanz, und eine Bekleidung mangelt ihnen vóllig. Die Fárbung ist meist — wenigstens die der Decken ! — ein helles Kastanienbraun oder Gelbrot. Die wenigen Arten zeigen eine vanz auffallende Gróssendifferenz ; wührend dimidiatus (excl. Rostrum) bis r2 mm. misst, betrágt die Grósse einiger Arten nur 2 bis 2,5 mm. Geographische Verbreitung der Arten, — Von den sechs Arten sind fünf auf Madagaskar heimisch, die eine, mir bisher unbekannt gebliebene, bewohnt die Insel Viti-Levu; dieser auffallende Sprung in der Verbreitung lásst mich sehr daran zweifeln, ob diese Art auch wirklich diesem Genus angehort. Ueber die Entwicklungsgeschichte und die ersten Entwicklungsstadien dieser Arten sind wir noch vóllig unaufgeklárt. Die Gattung ist fossil noch nicht nachgewiesen. 1. C. castaneus, Klug, Abh. Berl. Akad. Wiss. Vol. t, p. 194 (1833). Madagaskar. bistigma, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 449 (1839). vufus, Faust, Abh. Ber. Zool. Mus. Dresden, Vol. 8, nr. 2, p. 14 (1899). 22 COLEOPTERA 2. C. dimidiatus. Fabricius, Ent Syst. Vol. r, p. 403 (1797). — Taf. 6, Madagaskar. Eie E9r dimidiatus, Herbst, Káf. Vol. 7, p. 443. t. 94, f. 6 (1797); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 448 (1839). rufipennis, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 448 (1839). . C. gibbipennis, Fairmaire, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 1 (6), p. 289 (1881). Viti-Levu. . C. nigrilarsis, Faust, Abh. Ber. Zool. Mus. Dresden, Vol. 8, nr. 2, p. t4 Madagaskar. (1899). 5. C. perrieri, Fairmaire, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 71, p. 382 (1902). Madagaskar. 6. C. pleuralis, Fairmaire, Rev. d'Ent. Caen, Vol. 22, p. 42 (1903). Madagaskar. 6. GENUS LISPOTHERIUM, FAUST Lispotherium. Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 5r, p. 194 (1890). Charaktere. — Gleichfalls im Wesentlichen von A4fion nur durch ein Merkmal verschieden; die Flügeldecken besitzen zwischen dem achten und neunten Punktstreifen einen, etwas hinter der Schulter beginnenden und bis zur Mitte reichenden Subhumeralstreifen; ferner sind die Streifen kurz vor dem Apex sehr stark vertieft, wobei der erste mit dem neunten und der zweite mit dem achten sich daselbst in gleichmássigem Bogen vereinigen; gegen die Basis hin sind sie — etwa vom apikalen Drittel an — nur sehr fein eingeritzt. In allen übrigen Punkten trágt die einzige Art der Gattung die Charaktere wie sie uns bei der Gattung Aion bei verschiedenen Vertretern in gleicher oder sehr ühnlicher Weise entgegen- treten. Habituell erinnert die Gattung in nicht unbedeutendem Masse an einen Cy/as, was namentlich durch den, vor der Basis kráüftig eingeschnürten Thorax. der — seitlich betrachtet — auch vor dieser Einschnürung eine ziemlich starke Wólbung aufweist, wáhrend der schmale Teil hinter derselben eben erscheint, bedingt wird. In der Fühlerbildung, in der Fárbung und im Glanz zeigt die Gattung auch gewisse Anklànge an Cybebus; die ersteren sind gleichfalls relativ sehr lang und kráftig, mit schwach abgesetzter, grosser, lànglich-eifórmiger Keule, die eine deutliche Viergliedrigkeit erkennen lásst. Die Fühler sind nahe der Mitte des Rüssels inseriert und die Fühlerfurchen sind kráftig, als zwei bis an den Kopf reichende, von einem scharfen Mittelkiel getrennte Rinnen, entwickelt; nach der Spitzte zu ist der Rüssel unterseits nicht gefurcht und entbehrt auch seitliche Furchen; er ist fast gerade, cylindrisch, vom breiten Kopf plótzlich abgesetzt. Die Decken sind lznglich. an der Basis scharf abgestutzt, mit kráüftigen Schulter- ecken und der eingangs erwáhnten Struktur. Das Schildchen ist áusserst klein, kaum sichtbar. Die Flügel sind wohl entwickelt. Die Beine sind ziemlich lang, doch kráftig, die vorderen Schenkel etwas kráftiger in der Mitte gekeult als die vier hinteren. Die Tibien sind gerade, kurz vor dem distalen Ende leicht verbreitert; beim cf tragen die vorderen daselbst innen einen dichteren Bórstchenbesatz, die vier hinteren sind an der apikalen Innenecke in ein sehr kurzes, breites, doch scharfes Dórnchen ausgezogen. Das erste Tarsenglied ist gestreckt, das zweite fast gleichseitig dreieckig, wesentlich breiter als das erste, das dritte breit und bis auf den Grund gelappt; das Klauenglied überragt das dritte Glied nicht ganz um die Hàlfte, die Klauen sind ziemlich lang und scharf. breit gespreizt und stark zurück gekrümmt, jedoch schwach gezühnt Die Kórpergrósse ist gering, 1,8 bis 2 mm., (exclusive Rostrum), die Fürbung ein sattes Rostrot, mit lebhaftem Glasglanz; eine Bekleidung fehlt. Geographische Verbreitung der Art. — Le einzige Art ist in Madagaskar heimisch, Die Biologie ist unbekannt. 1. L. hildebrandii, Faust. Stett, Ent. Zeit. Vol. 51, p. 194 (1890). — — Madagaskar. Taf. 6, Fig. l- FAM. CURCULIONIDZE 23 7T. GENUS APION, HERBST Apion. Herbst, Natursyst., Küfer, Vol. 7, p. 100 (1797); Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 1-80 (1808); Vol. ro, p. 347 u. f. (1811); Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 114 (1817); Vol. 3, p. 37 (1818); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 249 (1833); Vol. 5, p. 369 (1839); Vol. 8 (2); p. 370(1845); Lacordaire, Hist. Nat. Ins. Vol. 6, p. 533 (1863); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r1, p. r10 (1864); Wollaston, Ins. Mader. p. 410 (1854); Cat. Canar. Col. p. 306 (1864); Col. Hesper. p. 127 (1867); Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 41 (1884); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 203, 360 (1885); Sharp, Biol. Centr. Amer. Col. Vol. 4 (3), p. 47 (1889); Desbrochers des Loges, Le Frelon, Vol. 3-5 (1893 96); Vol. 6, p. 1-53 (1896-97); Vol. 9, p. 77 (1899-1900); Vol. 15, p. 85 (1907); Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 105 (1898); Lea, Proc. Zool. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 23, p. 606 (1898); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38 (190r); Vol. 39 (1902); Vol. 42 (1906): Vol. 43 (1906). SUBGENERA : Alacentron, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 38 c (1901); Vol. 43, p. XXXVI (1906). Apiotherium. Besuin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74, p. 154 (1905). Aplemonus. Schónherr, Mant. Sec. Curc. p. 5 (1847); Fáhrzus, Oefv. Vet. Akad. Fórh. Vol. 28, p. 241 (1871); Lacordaire, Gen. Col. Vol. 6, p. 54o (1863); Wagner, Soc. Ent. Vol. 24, p. 25 (1999). Aspidapion. Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf Eur. Vol. 38, p. 38 c (1901); Vol. 43, p. XXXIII (1906). Bothryopteron. Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19. p. 8, t. 2, f. 1 (1911). Catapion. Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 43, p. XLV (1906). Ceratapion. Schilsky, ibidem, Vol. 38, p. 38 r (1901); Vol. 43, p. X (1906). Coelopterapion. Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. ro, p. 2 (1911). Conapion. Faust (Motschulsky, i. 1.), Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 291 (1898); Wagner, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. rr, p. 261 (1907). Erythrapion, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 43, p. LIV (1906). Exapion, Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 360 (1885); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 38 r (1901); Vol. 43, p. XXII (1906). Heterapion. Sharp, Biol. Centr. Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 85 (1889). Kalcapion, Schilsky, Küst.-IXraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 43, p. XL (1906). Lepidapion. Schilsky, ibidem, p. XL (1906). Metapion. Schilskv, ibidem, p. XLII (1906). Omphalapion. Schilsky, ibidem, Vol. 38, p. 38 c (19o1); Vol. 43, p. XXNXVI (1906). Onychapion. Schilsky, ibidem, Vol. 38, p. 38 E (1901); Vol. 43, p. VII (1906). Oxystoma. Duméril, Zool. Analyt. p. 226 (1806); Desbrochers, Le Frelon. Vol. 3, p. 7 (1893); Schilky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 38 c (1901); Vol. 43, p. XXX (1906). Perapion. Wagner, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 11, p. 259 (1907). Phrissotrichium. Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 38 r (1901); Vol. 43, p. VIII (1906). Piezotrachelus. Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 365 (1839); Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 2 (1908). Protapion. Schilsky, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 608 (1908). Podapion. Schilsky, Küst.-IKraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 43, p. LVII (1906) (nec Riley). Pseudapion. Schilsky, Iüst.-Kraatz, ibidem, Vol. 43, p. XLIV (1906). Pseudopiezotrachelus. Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 5r. p. 277 (1967). 24 COLEOPTERA Rhinapion. Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74, p. 147 (1905). Rhopalapion. Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 43, p XLIV (1906). Stenapion. Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. r9, p. 20 (r9rt1). Synapion. Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 43, p. XXXIV (1906). Taeniapion, Schilsky, ibidem, p. XXXIX (1906). , Geschichtliches. — Die Gattung Afros, in welcher wir wohl eine der artenreichsten unter dem ganzen Heere der Coleopteren erblicken, wurde 1797 von Herbst in seinem « Natursystem aller bekannten in- und auslándischen Insecten », Der Káfer, 7. Teil, p. 100, als « 63. Gattung der káferartigen Insecten » begründet und waren dem Autor bereits fünfundzwanzig Arten, wovon eine dem indischen, eine dem nordamerikanischen, alle übrigen dem europàáischen Faunengebiete — und namentlich der deutschen Fauna — angehórten, bekannt. Bereits 1808 erschien eine Monograf/te der europáischen Arten von Kirby, welcher eine grosse Anzahl neuer Arten einführte, die im Nachtrag zu selbiger, 1811, noch wesentlich vergróssert wurde. 1817 brachte Germar im Magazin d. Entomologie àm Wesentlichen eine Uebersetzung der Kirby'schen Monographie, der wieder eine stattliche Zahl Beschreibungen für die Wissenschaft neuer Arten eingefügt war. Nun kam durch zwei Decenien nur weniges über diese Gruppe in die Oeffentlichkeit, bis einige Autoren, wie Boheman, Gyllenhal und Schónher:, in des letzteren gross angelegtem Werke : Genera et. Species. Curculionidum (1833-45), dieselbe wieder einem genauen Studium unterzogen und namentlich eine gróssere Zahl den übrigen Continenten angehórender Arten bekannt gaben; namentlich aber wurden daselbst die meisten der nun noch zurecht bestehenden Genera aus dieser Subfamilie begründet und zum ersten Mal erhielt dieser Gattungscomplex seine Stellung im System der Curculioniden, als Divisio « Apionides ». Trotz dieser bahnbrechenden Arbeit auf dem so schwierigen und riesigen Gebiete der Rhynchophoren, erschlaffte das Interesse für unsere Gruppe ziemlich, und durch viele Jahre hindurch war die Erweiterung der Kenntniss eine nur geringe; erst in der zweite Hálfte des vorigen Jahrhunderts gewann sie wieder Freunde und da war es zunüchst Gerstücker der uns eine Anzahl neuer Arten aus allen Weltteilen bekannt machte; seine trefllichen Beschreibungen (Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1854) gehóren zu den wenigen die — trotz der ausserordentlichen Masse nachtráglich bekannt gewordener, nahe verwandter Arten — heute noch die Art erkennen lassen, von ihrem Wert kaum etwas eingebüsst haben; sodann verdanken wir namentlich Wencker eine 1864 erschienene Monographie der europáischen Arten, die selbst dem heute arbeitenden Specialisten ein unentbehrliches, vorzügliches Hilfsmittel darbietet und in welcher auch wieder eine Anzahl neuer Arten mit der dem Autor eigenen Scháüríe charakterisiert und eingeführt wurden. Von nun an wurde auch die Biologie dieser umfangreichen Gruppe etwas mehr berücksichtigt und da ist es namentlich von Frauenfeld der, in den Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, in den siebziger und achtziger Jahren eine Anzahl trefflicher biologischer Beobachtungen bringt. Nicht vergessen dürfen wir Motschulsky, der uns auch einige Apionen in seimer Weise bescherte. Gegen Ende des rg. Jahrhunderts wurden dann auch mehr und mehr die Vertreter der übrigen Continente dem Studium unterzogen. So hat uns der trefliche Rüsselküferkenner Kirsch eine Anzahl südamerikanischer Arten bekannt gemacht; in den achtziger Jahren haben Smith und Sharp einen Weg zur Erkenntnis des Artenreichtums Nord- und Central-Amerikas gebahnt; wohl ist erstere Arbeit von Fall, 1898, einer gründlichen Revision unterzogen worden und hat von letzterem kein allzu günstiges Urteil erfahren; aber auch Sharp, der sonst so gewissenhafte und rühmlichst bekannte Forscher, hat bei dieser Gruppe manchen bósen Fehler began- gen; allein die ausserordentliche Schwierigkeit der Materie kann diese Fehler nur begreiflich machen. In den zwei letzten Decenien des rg. Jahrhunderts war es vor allem auch Faust, der uns manch interessante neue Art und auch einige Gattungen aus den tropischen Gebieten zur Kenntnis brachte; endlich haben uns auch Pascoe und Lea mit den interessanten Vertretern des australischen Gebietes bekannt gemacht. Wir müssen zunàüchst wieder ein paar Decenien zurückschreiten um eines ganz FAM. GCUÜRCULIONIDZE 25 bedeutenden Forschers zu gedenken, der uns die interessante Fauna der canarischen und Cap Verd'schen Inseln in einer solchen Vollstándigkeit in seinen grossen Werken vorführte, dass selbst mehrere der neuesten Forschungsreisen in diese Gebiete an Neuem kaum Bemerkenswertes boten; es ist Wollaston, mit seinen Werken über die genannten Territorien, aus den Jahren 1854-67. In den neunziger Jahren haben die paláarctischen Vertreter dieser Gattung wieder eine Neubear- beitung erfahren, durch Desbrochers des Loges; wenngleich seine letzten Arbeiten und namentlich die Supplemente zu seiner umfangreichen Monographie, die wohl den allergróssten Teil der überhaupt in der Paláarctis vorkommenden Species kennt und kennzeichnet, recht viele Mángel enthalten, so gebührt ihm unstreitig das Verdienst, uns — nebst Faust, der schon vorher eine stattl;iche Anzahl Arten aus dem paláarctischen Osten in die Wissenschaft einführte — einen grossen Einblick in den Formenreichtum des asiatischen Teiles der paláarctischen Zone gegeben zu haben. Die vielen Autoren die, bald hier, bald da, Arten aus den verschiedensten Gebieten beschrieben, alle zu nennen, ginge über den Rahnen der vorliegenden Arbeit, Die exotischen Formen haben mit dem Tode unseres besten Rüsslerkenners, Faust, in ihrer weiteren Erforschung einen erheblichen Stillstand erfahren; erst in den letzten Jahren des vergangen und in den ersten Jahren des laufenden Jahrhunderts haben sich ihrer wieder Forscher angenommen und da sind es meine beiden verehrten Collegen, die Herren Beguin-Billecocq und Hart- mann, die uns wieder einen tieferen Einblick in die Fauna noch wenig erforscht gewesener Gebiete gaben; Hartmann machte uns wieder eine Anzahl áthiopischer Formen bekannt und Beguin-Billcocq führteuns in die Kenntnis der ungeahnt reichen Fauna der interessanten Insel Madagaskar ein. Die letzte umfangreiche und erste grosse Bearbeitung dieser Gruppe in deutscher Sprache, gleichfalls so weit sie der paláarctischen. Region angehórt, verdanken wir J. Schilsky. der sie in vier Heften des Kraatz- Küster'schen Werkes, Die Küfer Europas, in den letztverflossenen Jahren (1902-06) behandelte; so vorzüglich auch seine Einzelbeschreibungen sind und jede Art scharf wieder erkennen lassen. so hat der Endzweck seiner mühsamen Studien auch bei ihm nicht den gewünschten Erfolg erreicht; die Verar- beitung des gewaltigen Stoffes in Form dichotomischer Tabellen, die Zerghederung in systematische Einzelgruppen und die Bestimmungsschlüssel für die einzelnen Glieder letzterer weisen vielfach dieselben Mángel auf wie Desbrochers Monographie, dessen systematische Gliederung hier auch im wesentlichen beibehalten wurde, mit dem Unterschiede, dass Desbrochers Gruppen mit Subgattungs- Namen belegt wurden. Auch Schilsky hat noch eine Anzahl neuer paláarctischer Arten eingeführt, wohl mit ein Teil der wenigen, die dem intensiven, unermüdlichen Sammeleifer, aber auch der hohen technischen Vollkommenheit und Praxis moderner Forscher in unserem Gebiet bisher entgangen sind. Gegenwáàrtig liegt ein dankbares Arbeitsfeld nur mehr in der Erforschung der Biologie der paláarctischen Arten und sowohl in dieser wie auch in der Systematik der Vertreter der übrigen Faunengebiete ; wie reich noch die übrigen Regionen an uns bisher unbekannten Formen sind, haben mir meine eigenen Studien am áthiopischen und neotropischen Material gezeigt; seit 1906 ist die Zahl der Arten aus Central- und Süd-Afrika auf das fast zehnfache gestiegen und die Territorien Central- und Süd-Amerikas geizen gleichfalls nicht mit « nov. sp. » und werden kaum hinter diesem Verháltnis zurückbleiben. Werfen wir noch einen Blick in die beiden Kataloge von Gemminger & Harold, 1871, und Schenkling, 1906, und vergleichen wir die Summe der bis dahin beschriebenen Arten, dann wird uns der Fortschritt in der Kenntnis dieser Gattung erst recht vor Augen treten; Gemminger kennt 377 Arten, 1906 waren es netto rooo ! Seither ist die Zahl um nicht Unwesentliches gestiegen und wieviele dieser kleinen Glieder des unerschópflichen Reiches der Insecten bergen noch riesige Gebiete ?! Systematische Bemerkungen, — Faust hat anlásslhich des Versuches einer Bestimmungs- tabelle für sàámtliche Apioninengenera (Sfett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 50, p. 79, Nota [1889]), die Meinung geáussert, die Gattung Afio» müsse bei einer genaueren Revision in mehrere Gattungen zerlegt werden; in einer seiner spáteren Arbeiten hat er auch bereits das Subgenus Conafion als selbststándige Gattung 26 COLEOPTERA aufgefasst. Bei meinen Studien über die Apionen des àathiopischen Faunengebietes hat sich mir klar und deutlich die gerade kontráre Ansicht aufgedrángt und ich habe mich genótigt gesehen die Genera Piezotrachelus Schónherr und. Aflemonus Schónherr, wie auch Conafpion Motschulsky, zu Untergattungen zu degradieren, was ich an anderer Stelle zu erkláren versuchte und was sich mir im Laufe meiner Studien immer mehr als richtig erwies. Das Studium der Apionen des central- und süd-amerikanischen Faunengebietes ergab nun das Resultat, einer weiteren Gattung, die ihre Begründung einer mangelhaften Beobachtung verdankt — Heterafton Sharp —, ihre Selbststándigkeit zu entziehen. Die beiden hieher gehórenden Arten haben mir durch die Freundlichkeit des Herrn G. F. Arrow, am British Mus. London, in typischen Exemplaren vorgelegen; an diesen konnte ich wahrnehmen, dass das dritte, gelappte Tarsenglied sehr deutlich von dem vorhergehenden abgesondert ist, also weder mit dem zweiten Gliede verschmolzen ist. wie Sharp's Abbildung in der Brol. Centr. Amer. Col. Vol. 4, t. 3, f. 26a, zeigt, noch die Sutur kaum erkennen làásst, wie es loc. cit. p. 85 heisst. Allerdings ist die Reduction des dritten Gliedes sehr auffallend und auch die eigenartige Verbreiterung der Tibien geben den beiden Arten eine isolierte Stellung unter den Verwandten, wess' alb ich die Aufrechterhaltung von Heterapion als Unmtergattung für gerechtfertigt erachte; keineswegs aber kann diesen Merkmalen generischer Wert beigelegt werden. An dieser Stelle móchte ich auch eine weitere Beobachtung einer kurzen Erórterung unterziehen. Es haben sich mir bei meinen Untersuchungen grosse Schwierigkeiten ergeben, Merkmale zu finden welche eine scharfe Scheidung der Gattungen Cyóebus und Lisfoterium von Afion gestatten und den Anspruch auf generischen Wert erheben dürfen. Was zunüáchst die Gattung Cybebus betrifft. móchte ich vorausschicken, dass es mit der Zwólfgliedrigkeit der Fühler — auf welches Merkmal bis in die letzte Zeit ja ein hoher Wert gelegt wurde und welches auch bei der Begründung der Gruppe der « Cybebides » einen der Hauptfactoren abgab — eine eigene Bewandtnis hat, worauf ich spáter noch ausführlich einzugehen habe. Es war mir nicht móglich, ausser der Ausbildung voller zehn Streifen auf den Decken, ein Merkmal, welches bereits Faust in obig citierter Tabelle verwandte, ein Charakteristikum zu finden welches mit dem vorigen die Selbststándigkeit dieses Genus besonders befürworten kónnte. andererseits aber den echten Apionen mangeln würde; wohl stimmen die bisher bekannten Arten in zwei weiteren Punkten, die mit die Eigentümlichkeit dieser Gattung begründen, vóllig überein; es sind dies die Fühler. und Kopfbildung. Die unverháltnismássig langen und auch kráüftigen Fühler mit ihrer auffallend grossen Keule einerseits, der ziemlich schmale, fast allmáhlig in den Rüssel übergehende, zwischen den Augen und dem Hlalsschildvorrande sattelfórmig eingedrückte Kopf mit den fast die ganze Seite einnehmenden Augen andererseits, verleihen den Arten einen gewissen Charakter, an dem sie jedermann als Cybebus erkennen wird; aber gehen wir das Heer der Formen der Gattung Afion durch, so finden wir bald die eine Art die dieses, eine andere Art die jenes Merkmal auch ihr Eigen nennt und doch nach all ihren übrigen Eigenschaften zweifellos als echtes A510» erkannt werden muss. Mit Lisfo- therium verhált es sich ganz ühnlich; Faust gibt in seiner Diagnose kein Merkmal an, welches nicht der Gattung Afion. in dem einen oder anderen ihrer Vertreter eigen würe, und er vermeidet es auch in seiner comparativen. Beschreibung eine Gegenüberstellung zu 4?io» zu geben. Die einzige Art der Gattung hat in ihrem Gesamthabitus eine gewisse Aehnlichkeit mit Cy/as, wie der Autor hervorhebt, was in erster Linie durch den vor der Basis stárker als hinter dem Vorderrande eingeschnürten Thorax bedingt wird; unleugbar liegt auch ein gewisser Anklang an die Gattung Cy/ebus in dem Bild welches uns diese Art gibt — wenngleich der Habitus ein ganz anderer! — was durch die ebenfalls grossen Fühler. aber auch durch die glánzend rotbraune Farbe hervorgerufen wird; jedoch auch dies sind Eigenschaften die uns bei den echten Apionen des ófteren begegnen. Suchen wir hier nach Merkmalen welche die Gattung wirklich scharf und genügend tiefgründig als solche bezeugen, so kommen wir zu einem gleichen Resultat wie bei Cybebus; ich konnte nur ein Merkmal finden welches mir bisher bei keinem FAM. CURCULIONIDZE 277 Afion vorgekommen wáre, die Ausbildung eines kurzen Streifens zwischen dem achten und neunten Deckenstreifen, welcher etwas unter der Hóhe der Schulterbeule beginnt und etwas vor der Mitte endet. Gewiss ist auch dieses Charakteristikum im Grunde genommen etwas zu geringer Natur um ihm generischeren Wert beizumessen! Allein, ich móchte es dabei bewenden lassen und die beiden Genera als solche weiterführen, bis vielleicht neues Material oder weitere, genaue anatomische Unter- suchungen die Móglichkeit zu einer zweifellosen systematischen Beurteilung dieser Gruppen geben. Jedenfalls ersehen wir aus dem eben Besprochenen die ausserordentlich nahe Verwandtschaft der beiden Gattungen zur Gattung Afin. Aus dem Vorhergesagten geht aber auch schon ziemlich deutlich hervor, auf welche Schwierig- keiten man stósst, handelt es sich um die Auffindung von Merkmalen, welche die Gattung Afroz als solche prácisieren oder, anders ausgedrückt, die die Gattung scharf gegenüber all ihren verwandten Genera abgrenzen ; die ausserordentliche Mannigfaltigkeit in Form, Farbe, Skulptur und Bekleidung — der einzelnen Kórpersegmente sowohl, wie auch im Gesamtbilde das uns die Arten bieten — welche uns die ungeheure Artenmasse erkennen lásst, macht uns diese Schwierigkeit plausibel. Und in der Tat, wir finden nur eine ganz geringe Anzahl von Merkmalen, welche in ihrer Gesamtheit ein Af10z als solches charakterisieren, und wir finden unter diesen Merkmalen AZeizges welches nicht der einen oder anderen der nüchstverwandten Gattungen eigen, ja sogar mitunter zum Charakteristikum für diese erhoben ware! Diese Umstáünde tragen auch dazu bei, dass die Gattung 4j/os, wie wohl selten eine andere, im hóchsten Grade ungeeignet ist, sich in scharf zu umgrenzende Untergattungen oder Gruppen zergliedern zu lassen; wohl finden wir bald in dem einen, bald in dem anderen Faunengebiete kleinere oder gróssere Artencomplexe, die durch bestimmte Collectivmerkmale gegenüber allen übrigen Arten und Artengruppen abgeschieden erscheinen; aber in weit grósserem Masse finden wir einerseits lange, mehr oder minder geschlossene Verwandtschaftsreihen, deren Extreme oft recht heterogene Glieder darstellen, sodass sie durch keinerlei Merkmale als abgeschlossene Gruppe umschrieben werden kónnen, und andererseits finden wir oftmals ganz auffallende Convergenzen, sodass wir bei aller Mühe die gesamte Materie in natürlichen oder doch wenigstens systematischen Gruppen einordnen, besser gesagt in solche zergliedern zu kónnen, auf unumgángliche Klippen stossen; es sei denn nicht die Einordnung vieler Formen in bestimmte Gruppen so gewaltsamer Natur, dass ihre stammesgeschlicht- liche Divergenz schon bei flüchtiger Betrachtung in die Augen fàállt, wofür uns die svstematischen Einteilungen Desbrochers und Schilsky's einige Beispiele liefern. Aus diesen Gründen habe ich es vorgezogen, auf eine tabellarische Uebersicht über die bisher beschriebenen, zum Teil nicht besonders begründeten Subgenera im folgenden zu verzichten; ich werde jedoch in der Charakteristik der Gattung Apion, die ich über den Rahmen einer solchen ausdehne, bei der Besprechung der grossen Modifikations- fahigkeit der einzelnen Kórpersegmente, die betreffende Artengruppe (seien es bereits benannte Subgenera oder noch unbenannte Artencomplexe — in diesen Falle nenne ich eine der betreffenden Arten —) der diese oder jene besondere Ausbildung eigen ist und sie charakterisiert, nennen. Jevor ich jedoch zur Charakterisierung dieser Gattung schreite, habe ich noch einige Ausfüh- rungen, die Fühlerbeschaffenheit betreffend, zu machen. Wie bereits erwáhnt, wurde früher auf die Zwolfgliedrigkeit der Fühler bestimmter Apioninen- Genera ein besonderer Wert gelegt: bei meinen Studien hat sich mir gezeigt, dass diese Zwoólfgliedrigkeit — resp. Viergliedrigkeit der Fühlerkeule gegenüber der angeblichen Dreigliedrigkeit derselben bei den echten Apion — gewisse Unklarheiten in sich birgt, war es mir bei mehreren echten Apionen aufgefallen, dass das anscheinend dritte und letzte Keulenglied eine bald scháürfere, bald schwáchere Sutur erkennen lásst, die es eigentlich in zwei Teile trennt; genaue mikroskopische Untersuchungen an einer grossen Zahl von Apion- Arten haben klar dargetan, dass diese Sutur /a/sáchlich überall vorhanden ist und somit die Keule richtig genommen stets viergliedrig ist, resp. das Endglied das Verschmelzungsprodukt 28 (C OX EGOESUEE ursprünglich zweier Glieder darstellt. Und weitere Untersuchungen an lebenden und práparierten Apionpuppen haben diese Annahme clànzend gerechtfertigt und befestigt: tatsachlich zeigt der Fühler an der Puppe, der noch keine scharfe Trennung in die drei Teile (Geissel, Schaft und Keule) aufweist, zwólf ziemlich gleichmássige. perlschnurartig an einander gereihte, doch deutlich getrennte Glieder. Der Wert dieses Merkmales für die Trennung bestimmter Gattungsgruppen innerhalb dieser Subfamilie ist demnach gánzlich hinfállig, aber diese Tatsache berechtigt uns umsomehr zu der eingangs ausge- sprochenen Annahme, dass auch, die Fühler der Gattung Cylas sich auf zwólfgliedrige zuruckführen lassen, beziehungsweise deren Endglied ein Verschmelzungsprodukt von ursprünglich drei Gliedern darstellt. Charaktere. — Korr : In der Form sehr mannigfach; hinter den Augen meist nur müssig verlàngert, gewóhnlich anders als der, durch eine fein eingeritzte Linie abgegrenzte, sehr fein quer- geriefte oder glatte Scheitel skulptiert; oder stark halsiórmig verlángert, oder vom Scheitel durch eine stárkere Einschnürnng, die auf der Kopfunterseite meist von einem feinen Ouerleistchen begrenzt wird, vom Scheitel getrennt (Pseudofiezotrachelus); oder durch eine scharfe, hauptsáchlich dorsolaterale Einschnürung vom halbkugeligen Scheitel getrennt; dabei kommt es zur Ausbildung von meh: oder minder lang abgesetzten Schlüfen, die an den Seiten meist von einigen merklich gróberen Punkten als der übrige Kopf besetzt sind (Piesotrachelus) ; oder fast bis an den Augenhinterrand in den Prothorax zurückgezogen (Exafios). Augen stets seitlich gestellt, kreisrund oder oval, dann meist mit der Làüngsseite von oben-hinten nach unten-vorne gerichtet, bald flach, bald stark gewólbt und damit kombiniert, mehr oder minder stark vortretend. je nach der Stárke des Rüssels im Verháltnis zur Kopfbreite bald etwas nach vorne zusammengeneigt, oder vollstándig parallel gestellt; sehr variabel in der Grósse. Die Stürke der Wólbung und Grósse sind ófters bei den beiden Geschlechtern verschieden und zwar ist in diesen Füllen die stárkere Wólbung und.die Vergrósserung des Auges stets dem mànn- lichen Geschlechte eigen. Die Stirne ist — meist von der Ausbildung der Augen abháüngig — bald breit, bald sehr schmal; flach oder mehr oder minder stark eingedrückt, unskulptiert oder punktiert, oder mit mehreren mehr oder weniger scharfen Stricheln versehen, bisweilen mit einem tiefen V-fórmigen Eindruck (stolidum-Gruppe), selten quer- oder lüngsgewólbt (einige Piesoirachelus); Ofters besitzt der Kopf unterseits — unter dem hinteren Augenrand — eine mehr oder minder starke Querleiste, die im Profil gesehen als Hóckerchen erscheint (elegantulum-Gruppe, fist, etc.), selten ist er mehr oder minder breit und tief (von der Fortsetzung der Fühlerfurchen) ausgehóhlt ( foveiceps m. i. l.. Die Punktierung ist der denkbar gróssten Variabilitàt unterworfen; àáusserst fein eingestochen bis grobrunzelig, sie kann gànzlich fehlen und nur durch ein — meist vorhandenes — mikroskopisch feines Grundchagrin vertreten sein; selten fehlt auch dieses bei Mangel einer anderen Skulptur. Bei Bekleidung des übrigen Kórpers ist meist auch der kopf behaart; ófters sind die Augen unten mehr oder minder lang bewimpert. Rüssg. : In Lànge. Stürke und Form gleichfalls den grósstmóglichen Modifikationen unter- worfen ; 'stefs im- weiblichen. Geschlecht lánger als im. mànnlichen! Die Làngendifferenz kann eine sehr geringe (Perapion), aber auch eine ganz bedeutende (anysorrhynchum, longirostre) sein. Ganz auffallend kurz, nasenfórmig (/foveirebs m. und Verwandte) oder kaum làánger als der Thorax und dabei relativ breit, cylindrisch (Perapion), oder so lang als Kopf und Halsschild zusammen (gewóhnlicher Typus!), selten bei beiden Geschlechtern, oder wenigstens beim 9 fast solang als die Flügeldecken oder Decken und Thorax zusammen (RAopalapion, anisorrhynchum Q); vollkommen gerade, oder mehr oder weniger stark gekrümmt; die Krümmung übersteigt nie die Curve eines Viertelkreisbogens, sie ist ófters in den beiden Geschlechtern in verschiedenem Masse ausgebildet; die Krümmungslinie kann auch eine ungleichmássige sein, indem der Rüssel im basalen oder distalen Teile stürker gebogen erscheint (curvirostre, fulvotibiale m. i. l, etc.), vollkommen cylindrisch, oder an der Fühlerinsertion kaum FAM. CURCULIONID/E 29 merklich angeschwollen oder winkelig erweitert und nach vorne mehr oder minder stark verengt (annulatum-Gruppe, etc.), oder daselbst scharf zahnartig erweitert; dann ist die Fühlerinsertion meist nahe der Basis (Ceratapion) oder knapp an der Basis (Exafion) gelegen ; seltener allmáhlig von der Basis an nach vorne verengt (gewisse Zàmapion) oder von der Fühlerinsertion nach vorne pfriemfórmig verjüngt (Oxystoma) oder plótzlich — vor der Fühlerinsertion — mehr oder minder stark verdünnt abge- setzt (Oxystoma, melancholicum., etc ), in einzelnen Fàllen nach vorne keulig verbreitert ( A/acentron) ; seitlich gesehen meist nach vorne gleichbreit. ófters deutlich zugespitzt, bisweilen nach unten sackfórmig oder winkelig verbreitert (Oxystoma, anisorrhynchum cy). selten nach vorne verbreitert (Alacentron, Platalea, etc.). Der Rüssel hegt — be! seitlicher. Betrachtung — meist im Niveau des Kopfes, seltener erscheint er durch eime Einsattelung etwas hóher gelegen (scalptum, pilicorne), meist ist er an der Basis von der Dicke des Kopfes, háàufig aber etwas dünner, sodass sein oberer Rand tiefer als der des Kopfes liegt, aber der Unterrand des Koples allmáhlig. in den des Rüssels übergeht, selten ist auch letzteres nicht der Fall und der Rüssel erscheint vom Kopfe plótzlich abgesetzt (Oznychafion, eine australische Species). Der Rüssel besitzt meist an den Seiten zwei, durch einen mehr oder minder scharfen Kiel getrennte Fur- chen, von denen eine — die obere vom Augenvorderrande bis zur Fühlerinsertion reicht, die andere — untere — ausserdem noch von der Fühlerinsertion bis gegen die Spitze hinzieht; bisweilen fehlt die obere, in Fállen wo die Fühler sehr nahe der Basis inseriert sind fehlen fast immer beide, selten ist die untere Furche rudimentàár vorhanden. Die Fühlerfurchen sind bald als kleine, rundliche Grübchen, háuhger als nach hinten V-fórmig zusammentretende Furchen, meistens jedoch als lange, bis an den Kopf reichende, durch einen mehr oder minder scharfen Mittelkiel getrennte, oder sich nach hinten vereinigende Furchen ausgebildet. Selten ist der Rüssel auch nach vorne gefurcht oder ausgehóhlt und daselbst mit goldgelber, dichter Behaarung bekleidet (packvrrhynchum Gemminger, curvirostre Gyllenhal). In der Mehrzahl der Fálle sind die Mandibeln kurz und breit, wenig vorragend, selbst bei starker Lupenvergrósserung nicht deutlich wahrnehmbar. Bei der überwiegenden Mehrzahl der Arten ist der Rüssel — selbst bei anderer Kórperfárbung oder Fárbung des Halsschildes und Decken — schwarz oder dunkelbraun, in mehreren Fállen ist er beim cf in der apikalen Hálfte in grósserer oder geringerer Ausdehnung hellgelb (Psewdapion, Prolapion : nigritarse [Palàarct.], xanthorrhynchum [Amerika], dispari- vostre | Afrika], Pictum |Indien]). Oefters ist der Rüssel — stets nur wenn der übrige Kórper eine Beklei- dung aufweist! — behaart, dann beim cf meist bis nahe zur Spitze, beim Q nur bis zur Fühlerinsertion oder nur wenig über diese hinaus. Die Skulptur ist eine ausserordentlich variable, meist ist sie beim Q etwas schwacher als beim gf, namentlich in der distalen Hálfte, wo sie für gewóhnlich in éeidex Geschlechieyn etwas schwácher als im Basalteil ausgebildet zu sein pflegt; meist fehlt dem weiblichen Geschlecht auch das — bei der Mehrzahl der Arten vorhandene — Grundchagrin, wodurch der Rüssel auch glatter und glánzender erscheint. FüuLEx : Dieselben sind zwólfgliedrig, stets scharf in die drei Abschnitte : Schaft, Geissel und Keule. gesondert, wobei der Schaft immer merklich lànger als das erste Geisselglied, welch letzteres in den meisten Fállen wesentlich stárker als die übrigen Geisselglieder ist; in der Regel nehmen die Geisselglieder gegen die Keule hin an Lánge ab, resp. an Stürke zu ; in einigen Füllen ist das contráre zu beobachten und dann sind die Glieder meist etwas zusammengedrückt (Ceratapion zcarduorum-Gruppe); meist sind die Geisselglieder bewimpert, selten mit schuppenartigen Hárchen bekleidet. Ihre Insertion liert in der überwiegenden Zahl der Fálle in oder etwas hinter der Mitte, oder noch mehr der Basis genáhert, weniger háufig knapp vor der Basis; in vielen Fàállen ist die Insertion nach dem Geschlecht verschieden, wobei die Insertionsstelle stets im weiblichen Geschlecht mehr der Basis des Rüssels genáhert ist; ferner sind die Fühler in vielen Fállen im weiblichen Geschlecht schlanker und lànger, namentlich der Schaft gestreckter; in bestimmten Gruppen sind die Fühler im mánnlichen Geschlecht Tráger sekundárer Sexualauszeichnungen und dann durch diese ganz auffüllg verándert (Truquii, 3o COLEOPTERA difforme, etc., und die melanarium-Gruppe in Nord-Amerika). Die Keule ist bald kurz-eifórmig, bald lang- spindelfórmig, in Wirklichkeit viergliedrig, scheinbar dreigliedrig, fein tomentiert, bald schwach, bald scharf abgesetzt; in seltenen Fállen ist sie asymmetrisch oder auf der Innenseite leicht konkav (Ceratafion : armatum- Gruppe); stets ist das Endglied (3 -]- 4) mindestens so lang, meist aber lánger als das vorhergehende. HarsscuitLD : Cylindrisch, mehr oder minder konisch, oder trapezoid, an den Seiten gerade oder ausgeschweift, oder gleichmássig gerundet, im Umriss fast kreisrund (Omf/Zalafion), bald nur am Vorderrande, bald nur vor der Basis, oder beiderorts mehr oder minder stark eingeengt, bisweilen an den Seiten gegen die Coxen hin mit mehr oder minder tiefen Eindrücken (Pseudopiezotrachelus, Piezo- trachelus); die Basis gerade abgestutzt oder mehr oder weniger zweibuchtig, meist ungecandet; seitlich gesehen flach oder in geringerem oder hóherem Grade gewólbt, die Wólbung gleichmássig oder nach vorne oder gegen die Basis hin flacher. Die Skulptur unterliegt einer ausserordentlichen Mannigfaltig- keit; die Punktierung kann auf glattem Grunde fast mikroskopisch fein oder ganz auffallend grob sein, quer- oder lángsgerunzelt; meist ist ein mikroskopisch feines Grundchagrin vorhanden; den Punkten entspringt in den meisten Fállen ein mehr oder minder feines Hàrchen r), welches selbst bei ganz kahl erscheinenden Arten (viele Piezotrachelen, Conafion, etc.) oft vorhanden und dann áusserst fein staub- fórmig und nur unter sehr starker Lupenvergrósserung wahrnehmbar ist. Bei der überwiegenden Zahl der Arten ist vor dem Schildchen ein Eindruck ( Basalstrichel oder Grübchen) vorhanden, welcher bald als kurzes, kleines, làngs-, selten quer-gestelltes Grübchen, bald als feines, mehr oder minder langes, seltener den ganzen Thorax durchziehendes Strichelchen ausgebildet ist; weniger hüufig kombinieren sich beide Fálle. Die Vordercoxen sind gewóhnlich nüher dem Halsschildvorderrande eingelenkt, mehr oder minder lang zapfenfórmig; in einzelnen Fállen Tráger sekundárer Sexualauszeichnungen im máünnlichen Geschlecht, indem sie ein kleines, mehr oder minder scharfes und spitzes Dórnchen tragen (Protapion : assimile-Gruppe); ihre Gelenkpfannen sind stets zusammenhüngend. FrücELDECKEN : In der Form gleichfalls ungemein verschiedenartig, bald langgestreckt, parallel- seitig (maniceuse-Gruppe) oder nur schwach gerundet (Ceratapion : aegyptiacum-Gruppe, Stenafion, etc.), oder lànglich eifórmig, oder mehr birnfórming (Aflemonus, Perafion), hàufig rundlich, sehr selten kürzer als breit (bei Betrachtung von oben : cionoides) ; mit all diesen Fállen kombiniert sich die Mannigfaltig- keit der Wólbung; die Decken sind bald ziemlich flach (bei mehr birnfórmiger Gestalt : Perapion, gewisse Metapion bei mehr ovaler Form) oder mássig gewólbt (hàufigster Fall!), oder sehr hoch gewólbt (bei mehr ovaler Form : Conafion. Rhinapion, bei runder Form : Coelofterapion); die Wóolbung kann auch eine ungleiche sein, sodass die Decken gegen den Halsschild zu mehr oder minder abgeflacht. selten sogar schwach eingedrückt erscheinen, nach hinten mehr oder minder stark gewólbt und gegen den Apex schwücher oder stürker steil abfallend sind (Aflemonus). Die Decken sind stets neunstreifig, wobei die Streifen eine sehr verschiedene Ausbildung aufweisen ; sie kónnen fein eingeritzt, scharf doch fein einge- schnitten oder mehr oder minder breit sein, und bald fein, bald gróber, háufig kettenartig punktiert sein, selten sind sie unpunktiert. In vielen Füllen kommt es zur Ausbildung eines kurzen Apikalstreifens ; meist sind die Streifen von der Basis bis zur Spitze gleichmàssig eingedrückt, nicht selten sind sie in der Mitte der Decken stürker als an beiden Enden, weniger hàufig gegen das Ende stürker eingedrückt; selten sind sie am Flügeldeckenapex grubenfórmig verbreitert und vertieft (BotAryofteron). In der Regel trifft der erste Streifen an der Spitze mit dem neunten in einem Winkel zusammen, die Verbindung der übrigen Streifen ist verschieden. Die Zwischenráume erleiden ebenfalls grosse Verschiedenheiten ; sie sind in der Regel so breit oder um das zwei- bis dreifache, seltener um das vielfache breiter als die Punkt- streifen (viele RAinapion, etc.), selten schmáler als diese; flach, oder mehr oder minder stark gewólbt, selten 1) Abgesehen von Arten, denen eine dichtere Bekleidung eigen ist. FAM. CURCULIONIDZE 3r leicht konhav. ( Aplemonus standfussi), in wenigen Fàllen in oder nahe der Mitte mit hócker- oder beulen- fórmigen Auftreibungen (Aflemonus-Arten, binodosum,) versehen; sie tragen meist eine Skulptur die in der Mehrzahl der Fálle in Form einer mehr oder minder starken Punktierung, háufig in regelmássigen Reihen angeordnet, ausgebildet ist; meist ist auch ein mikroskopisch feines Grundchagrin vorhanden ; selten ist nur eine feine Querrunzelung wahrnehmbar. Bei der gróssten Masse der Arten sind die Schulterbeulen mehr oder minder kráftig entwickelt, in wenigen Fállen sind sie sehr reduciert oder fehlen ganzlich (Symapiom). Das Schildchen ist fast immer deutlich ausgesprágt, bald rundlich, bald mehr dreieckig, selten sehr lang; glatt, oder punktiert, háufig in der Mitte mit einem Grübchen oder Làngs- strichel, seltener ausser mit einem solchen, an der Basis noch mit zwei mehr oder minder scharfen Hóckerchen versehen (Aspidafion, soleatum, etc.); bald etwas vertieft gelegen, bald nach hinten erhoben, meist im gleichen Niveau der Deckenbasis liegend; selten ist es nicht wahrnehmbar (Synapron). Früscrr: Bei einer grossen Anzahl von mir untersuchter Arten waren die Flügel stets vollstindig ausgebildet; sie zeigen eine ausserordentliche Gleichmássigkeit im Geüder, welches sehr reduciert erscheint. MirrEL- UND. HixTERBRUsT : Beide unterliegen infolge der grossen Formverschiedenheit des Kórpers, einer grossen Veránderlichkeit in Form, Grósse, Breite und Wólbung; dessgleichen sind ihre Seitenstücke sehr verschiedenartig ausgebildet. Die Mittelhüften sind bald zapfen-, bald mehr oder minder stumpft-kegelfórmig oder halbkugelig; die Hinterhüften sind immer quer-elliptisch, flach oder nur wenig gewólbt. Die Gelenkpfannen der Mittelhüften sind s/e/s durch die zusammenstossenden Fortsátze des Meso- und Metasternums schmal getrennt, diejenigen der Hinterhüften mehr oder minder breit getrennt. In vielen Fàállen sind die Seitenstücke der Mittel- und Hinterbrust, seltener nur diese der letzteren ganz bekleidet. In einigen Fállen sind die Mittel- und Hinterhüften oder auch die Mittel- und Hinterbrust Tráger sekundárer Geschlechtsmerkmale (Protafion, pavidum-Gruppe, etc.). AnpoMEN : Das erste und zweite Segment sind durchwegs viel breiter als die zwei folgenden, welche meist gegenüber den beiden ersten Segmenten mehr oder minder stark vertieft liegen ; das fünfte Segment ist wieder wesentlich breiter, meist lappenfórmig, flach oder nur wenig gewólbt, wahrend die Segmente 3 und 4 stets flach, die Segmente r und 2 immer mehr oder minder stark gewülbt sind. Die Trennungslinie zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Segment ist meist nur schwach angedeutet, dieselbe zwischen den übrigen Segmenten stets: sehr scharf eingedrückt. In den meisten Fállen weisen die Ventralsternite eine oftmals für die Art charakteristische Skulptur auf, selten ist das letzte oder auch eines der zwei ersten Segmente Tráger sekundàárer Sexualauszeichnungen. BrEmE : Die Beine sind in der Form und Lünge den gróssten Modifikationen unterworfen, namentlich im màánnlichen Geschlecht, da sie bei einer ganz erheblichen Anzahl der Arten sekundàre Geschlechtsauszeichnungen aufweisen. Von mehr oder weniger gleichem Charakter sind die Tarsen gebaut; in der überwiegenden Zahl der Fille ist das erste Tarsenglied schlanker als das zweite — unge- achtet der grósseren oder geringeren Láuge oder Breite der Glieder. die für die betreffende Art charak- teristisch sind — und das dritte Glied ist meist breit gelappt. die Lappen bis oder /as? bis auf den Grund getrennt; sehr selten ist das dritte Glied stark reduciert, scheinbar (bei ungenügender Vergrósserung betrachtet) mit dem vorhergehenden vereinigt (Heferapion). Das Klauenglied ist meist merklich linger als das dritte Glied, selten kaum lünger, in einzelnen Fállen sehr auftállig verláàngert (Onychafion). Die Klauen sind stets deutlich ausgebildet. meist breit gespreizt, in der weit grósseren Zahl der Fille an der Basis mehr oder minder scharf gezühnt, seltener breit appendiculiert, nicht oft ungezáhnt. Die drei ersten Tarsenglieder tragen unterseits fast immer eine sammetartige Bekleidung, das dritte Glied ist ófters stárker, fast zottig besohlt. 32 COLEOPTERA KónPERFORM vND FarnBuNG : Die Kórperform unterliegt, wie bereits erwáhnt, der denkbar gróssten Mannigfaltigkeit ; die überwiegende Gesamtform ist eine mehr oder minder ausgesprochene Birnform, wonach die Gattung auch ihren Namen (Afion — Birne) erhielt; aber nicht selten treffen wir eine mehr kugelige Form und ebenso das extremste Gegenteil, eine lange, schmale, ófters ausgesprochen walzenfórmige Gestalt an ; dessgleichen finden sich alle móglichen Zwischenformen. Eine weit gróssere Gleichmàssigkeit zeigt die Gesamtheit der Arten in der Fárbung; die vorherrschende Farbe ist ein tiefes Schwarz (Piezotrachelus, Pseudopiezotrachelus, Conapion, Rhinafion, etc.) oder ein mehr mit bleiernem oder erzernem Glanz übertóntes Schwarz (Profapion, etc.); nicht selten finden wir wenigstens die Flügel- decken und dann meist auch den Halsschild in lebhafterem, metallischem Blau oder Grün auftretend ; weniger háufig treten hellere nicht metallische Farben auf, so gelb, hellbraun und rot; letztere Farbe ist einer kleinen recht natürlichen Verwandtschaftsgruppe im paláarctischen Faunengebiete ( ErytArafton) eigen, tritt in allen übrigen Faunen nur in ganz einzelnen Füllen auf. Weit háufiger finden wir dann wieder nicht metallische braune Tóne, meist dunklere mit einem Stich bald ins rótliche, bald ins gelbliche. Dabei sei hervorgehoben, dass in sehr vielen Fállen die Beine, oder Fühler, ebenso der Rüssel oder alle diese Kórperteile, eine vom Gesamtcolorit des Kórpers abweichende Fárbung aufweisen; hierbei kommen aber nur wenige Farben in Betracht, entweder ein Gelb, welches allerdings sehr mannigfache Tonabstufungen zeigt, vom blassen weisslich gelb bis zum dunklen rot- und andrerseits braungelb, oder ein Braun in Schattierungen von hellem rot- bis zum dunklen pechbraun, oder ein mehr oder minder stark mit metallischem Grün, Blau. seltener Violett und Rot untermischtes Schwarz. Am háufigsten ist dieser Fárbungskontrast an den Beinen zu konstatieren, weit seltener zeigen die Fühler denselben; am Rüssel tritt meist nur eine braune oder gelbe Fürbung bei anderem Kórpercolorit auf, und namentlich letztere ist fas! immer als sekundürer Sexualcharakter zu betrachten und dazn stets nur im mànnlichen Geschlechte vorhanden. BrkLEIDUNG : Auch die Bekleidung weist eine ziemlich grosse Variabilitit auf, sowohl was ihre Anordnung, wie auch Beschaffenheit betrifft. Was zunüchst die letztere anbelangt, so ist folgendes zu sagen : sie kann aus ausserordentlich feinen, fast staubfórmigen Hàrchen bestehen, nicht selten ist sie 'aus làngeren, feinen Háàrchen gebildet; seltener besteht sie aus ziemlich kráüftigen, starren, vom Kórper mehr oder minder abstehenden Borstenhaaren (PArissotrichium), in wenigen Füllen ist sie aus mehr oder minder schuppenfórmigen Hárchen (Lefidapion) und nur ganz einzeln aus ausgesprochen ovalen oder runden Schuppen gebildet. Was nun die Anordnung -betrifft, so sind als hauptsáchlichste Fálle folgende zu beachten : entweder die Bekleidung ist gleichmàssig über den ganzen Rórper verteilt (Metapion, Taeniapion), oder nur die Decken und der Halsschild zeigen eine dichtere und àuffalligere Bekleidung; in wenigen Fillen trifft dies nur beim Abdomen und in wieder anderen Fállen nur bei den Seitenstücken des Meso- und Methathorax zu; natürlich kombiniert sich mit der Verschiedenheit der Anordnung auch die Variabilitit der Beschaffenheit der Bekleidung zu zahlreichen Móglichkeiten. Dabei spielt in wenigen Fàllen zur Charakterisierung bestimmter Artengruppen auch die Fürbung der Bekleidung eine Rolle; bei der allergróssten Zahl der Formen ist die Farbe derselben eine gelblich- oder graulichweisse, seltener ein ausgesprochenes Gelb, in einer geringen Anzahl von Fillen ein metallisches Grün oder Blau oder ausgesprochen silbern oder golden; ebenfalls selten ist rot, braum oder schwarz zu beobachten; in nur wenigen Füllen ist die Bekleidung aus verschiedenfarbigen, mehr oder minder klare Zeichnungen bildenden Haaren oder Schuppen bestehend (Taeniafion, variegatum, herculaneum, eic.). GESCHLECHTSCHARAKTERE : Da wir bei sáàmtlichen Vertretern aller Apioninengattungen finden, dass der Rüssel im weiblichen Geschlecht die Lànge desselben im mánnlichen Geschlecht in grósserem oder geringerem Grade übertrifft, so dürfen wir wohl ohne weiteres annehmen, dass diese Eigentüm- IAM GUERGUIDIONIIJZA:S 33 lichkeit bereits den Vorfahren unserer Apioninen eigen war, resp. dass wir unsere recenten Formen und wohl auch schon die fossilen von Formen abzuleiten haben. bei welchen dieser Geschlechtsunterschied bereits in ausgedehnterem Masse oder durchwegs vorhanden war; demnach müssen wir im folgenden, bei der Aufführung der setundáren Sexualinerkmale, die eben genannte Eigentümlichkeit ausser Betracht lassen und haben sie als primáren Sexualunterschied zu betrachten. Sekundàüre Geschlechtsmerkmale, die fast ausnahmslos nur dem mànnlichen Geschlecht eigen sind, treten an. verschiedenen Kórperseg- menten in manigfacher Art der Ausbildung auf; in erster Linie aber sind es die Beine und an diesen meist die Tibien und Tarsen, die die Tráger dieser Auszeichnungen abgeben; weit seltener sind es die Schenkel die aus diesem Grunde Modifikationen erfahren. In zweiter Linie sind die Fühler beson- deren Formabánderungen unterworfen. In einer verháltmüssig kleinen Zahl von Fàállen sind es die Coxen oder die Mittelstücke des Meso- und Metasternums, noch seltener die Abdominalsternite die zu 'Tràgern solcher Auszeichnungen bestimmt sind. An den Beinen sind es vor allem zwei Ausbildungen die in den verschiedensten Verwandtschafts- gruppen auftreten und die zweifelsohne einem Nützlichkeitsprinzip ihre Entstehung verdanken; es sind dies : einerseits eine dornfórmige Verlingerung der apikalen Innenecke der vier hinteren Tibien, seltener nur der mittleren oder nur der hinteren und in wenigen Füllen ist diese Ausbildung an allen Tibien zu beobachten ; andererseits eine gleichartige dorn- oder zahnfórmige Verlángerung der apikalen Innenecke des ersten Tarsengliedes (fast bei allen Ceratapion, bei vielen Exafion, etc.), wobei sich als Tráger dieses Merkmales ebenfalls die bei der Tibienauszeichnung angeführten Móglichkeiten nach- weisen lassen. Die Nützlichkeit dieser Umgestaltung der betreffenden Glieder àussert sich beim Act der Fortpflanzung, indem sich die Mánnchen mittels dieser Zühne oder Dórnchen fester an den Decken, und meist in den Punktstreifen derselben, anklammern kónnen, wie ich dies bei meinen Zuchtversuchen zu wiederholten Malen feststellen konnte. Eine ühnliche Ausbildung, die aber zweifelsohne ihren guten Zweck etwas verfehlte, konnte ich bisher nur an zwei, recht heterogenen Arten, die ausserdem verschie- denen Faunen angehóreu (xanthostylum. m., Ost-Afrika, und eine nov. sp., unbeschrieben, Brasilien), constatieren; hier ist das erste Tarsenglied an der basalem Innenecke hackenfórmig verlüngert. sodass der ganze Tarsus in seiner Bewegungsfreiheit wesentlich eingeschránkt wird, indem durch Anstossen dieses Fortsatzes an der Tibienspitze eine Einstellung des Tarsus in die Làngsachse der Tibie unmóg- lich ist. Eine weitere Modifikation, der eine gewisse Nützlichkeit zuzusprechen ist, liegt in der Einwürts- krümmung der Tibien, wie dies bei verschiedenen Arten und Artengruppen der Fall ist (Asfidafion, Ceratapion, Protapion, etc.). Nur ganz selten finden wir eine Armatur der Tibien an deren Innenkante oder llüche, wie z. DB. bei dentipes; ganz einzeln finden wir eine mehr oder minder starke Abflachung der T'bie, wobei dieselbe der Lángsachse nach eine leichte spiralige Drehung erfahren kann (vorax, gribodot) oder mehr spatelfórmig nach innen verbreitert und davor eine Ausbuchtung aufweisen kann (fenetrans, d'islans); wieder nur ganz einzeln finden wir eine gleichmássig schwach keulenfórmige Verdickung gezen das distale Ende hin (Teterapion). Was die Modifikationsmóglichkeiten der Schenkel betrifft, so sind diese nur sehr gering; es handelt sich hier bei den im Allgemeinen wenigen Fállen um eine mehr oder minder starke keulenfórmige Verdickung derselben, die sich in dem einen Fall nur auf die vorderen, in anderen Fállen nur auf die hinteren Schenkel (Pachymerum und Verwandte) bezieht; eine Bewehrung der Schenkel ist nur in einem Falle bisher nachgewiesen (dentipes). Bei einer ziemlich artenreichen Verwandt- schaftsgruppe des nord-amerikanischen Faunengebietes (melanarium. undVerwandte) tritt eine mehr oder minder starke Ausbildung von tuberkelartigen Verdickungen des Schenkels nahe des Tibialgelenkes auf, die meist von einer charakterischen Struktur begleitet ist. Die Coxen zeigen nur in relativ wenigen Füllen Auszeichnungen, die dann in Form feiner Dórnchen oder Hóckerchen auftreten (Protapion : assimile-difforme-Gruppe). Bevor ich zur Besprechung der Fühler übergehe, móchte ich noch einer inte- ressanten Beobachtung einige Worte widmen, die. uns ein klein wenig Licht in die Art und, Weise der 34 COLEOPTERA Herausgestaltung dieser Merkmale zu werfen scheint. Aion africanum Gyllenhal besitzt für gewóhnlich im mànnlichen Geschlecht die eingangs erwáhnte Modifikation der Tibien, indem die apikale Innenecke in einen scharfen Dorn verlángert ist; bei einem ziemlich umfangreichen Material fanden sich nun einige Maànnchen die dieses Merkmal nicht besassen! In einem zweiten l'alle — bei Aion fortirostre m., einem nahen Verwandten des vorigen — konnte ich das gleiche feststellen; in einem dritten Falle endlich, bei Aion seriepilosum m., hatte unter fünf cfc nur eines dieselbe Auszeichnung am ersten Tarsenglied der vier hinteren Beine ; hier scheint also diese Umbildung eine Neuerwerbung zu sein, die noch nicht in so weitem Masse zum Eigentum der Art geworden, wie in den vorhergenannten Fállen, wo gerade das Fehlen dieses Merkmales die Ausnahme bildet. Ein ganz ühnliches Verhalten finden wir in der Gelbtfár- bung der apikalen Rüsselhálfte bei einigen unserer europáischen Arten ; bekanntlich hat Aron ntgritarse normalerweise im mánnlichen Geschlecht eine hellgelbe Rüsselspitze ; ich habe jedoch zwei c gt bisher gefunden bei welchen der Rüssel ganz schwarz ist: andererseits hat das nahe verwandte Aion flavifes normal auch im münnlichen Geschlecht einen schwarzen Rüssel, indessen treten bisweilen unter normalen Individuen solche auf — und dies ist im Süd-Osten Europas háüufiger der Fall — die eine analoge Fürbung wie nigrilarse aufweisen (var. Lederi Kirsch); hier finden wir aber auch ófters Zwischen- formen, indem der Rüssel nur kurz hinter der Spitze ein meist unterseits helleres, gelbes Ringelchen aufweist (ab. apicirostre Desbrochers). Und besonders sei erwühnt, das auch bei einer Art aus einer Verwandtschaftsgruppe, wo diese Fárbung sonst absolut fehlt, bisher ein Exemplar gefunden wurde, welches ebenfalls diese Gelbfárbung der Rüsselspitze aufweist (viciae var. »ufinasus Desbrochers). Diese Tatsachen lassen ohne weiteres erkennen, dass es sich in diesen Auszeichnungen um mutativ auftretende Umgestaltungen handelt, die vielfach gewiss erst nach bedeutenden Zeitrüumen seit der Herausgestal- tung der betreffenden Species in die Erscheinung traten. An den Fühlern sind nur wenige Umgestaltungen zu verzeichnen; als auffülligste haben wir dieselben bei den beiden Arten der Untergattung Profapion : truquii und. difforme, zu betrachten; hier sind die ersten Geisselglieder ganz auffallend verbreitert und flachgedrückt ; in wenigen Fállen handelt es sich um unverhàáltnismássige Streckungen oder Kürzungen einzelner Geisselglieder, bei gewissen Formen des nord. amerikanischen Faunengebietes um einen warzen- oder zápfchenfórmigen Aufsatz am ersten Geisselglied (melanarium und Verwandte); nicht selten weisen die Fühler im mánnlichen Geschlecht eine kráftigere Bewimperung auf. Zu den sekundàüren Sexualauszeichnungen am Rüssel gehóren wie bereits erwühnt die Gelbfirbung und die stürkere Bekleidung; nicht selten zeigt derselbe auch eine stárkere Dilatation an der Fühlerinsertion und bisweilen kann derselbe ausgesprochen zahnfórmig oder winkelig verbreitert sein, wenn er beim Q fast vóllig cylindrisch erscheint. Die Auszeichnungen auf den unteren Kórpersegmenten treten entweder in Form von Hóckerchen oder anderen Erhabenheiten oder als Grübchen oder mehr strichartige Vertiefungen auf. Dass die Gesamtform des Kórpers in den beiden Geschlechtern besonderen Veiründerungen unterworfen ist, ist nur áussert selten und dann in nicht hervorragendem Masse zu constatieren und ebenso erleidet die Bekleidung keine beachtens- werten Modifikationen. Biologie, — 1m Verhàáltnis zur ausserordentlichen Menge der Arten sind unsere Kenntnisse über die Biologie recht lücken- und mangelhaft; namentlich über die tropischen und überhaupt aussereuropàüischen Arten wissen wir so gut wie Nichts, hóchstens finden wir hie und da die Angabe einer Pflanze, auf der die betreffende Art lebt oder gefunden wurde; und dass man solche Angaben immer mit einer gewissen Vorsicht aufnehmen muss, beweisen zur Genüge die vielen irrigen Angaben in ülteren. Abhandlungen faunisticher Natur oder in Bestimmungsbüchern die sich auf unsere Fauna beziehen und die leider vielfach kritiklos in alle spüteren Arbeiten übernommen wurden und immer noch werden! Hier liegt ein weites und dankbares Arbeitsfeld offen, das leider nur wenige Pioniere findet. Die Ergebnisse meiner bisherigen Untersuchungen und Zuchtversuche haben gezeigt, dass in FAM. CURCULIONIDZE 35 der Lebensweise und im Gange der Entwicklung der einzelnen Arten recht wesentliche Verschieden- heiten auftreten; all diese Mannigfaltigkeiten hier zu erórtern, führte zu weit; ich will mich darauf beschrünken die hauptsüchlichsten Erscheinungen in der Entwicklung und die an den Pflanzen als Entwicklungsherd occupierten Stellen zu besprechen; ausserdem soll im Nachstehenden ein Verzeichnis aller von dieser Gattung frequentierten Pflanzenfamilien, nach dem Grade der Frequenz zusammen- gestellt, gegeben werden und etwaige Besonderheiten dabei Erwáhnung finden. Wohl bei der überwiegenden Zahl der Fille liegt die Zeit der Paarung im Frühjahr, zu Beginn der neuen Blütezeit der betreffenden Futterpflanze, wie dies alle von mir bisher gemachten Untersu- chungen zeigten (es handelt sich in den vorliegenden Ausführungen stets um mitteleuropáische Vertreter; bei Arten anderer Zonen, namentlich der Tropen, sind meines Wissens bisher überhaupt keine diesbezüglichen Bekanntmachungen erfolgt!). Des ófteren konnte ich beobachten, dass verschie- dene Arten zur Paarung ihre Nàührpflanze verlassen und sich oft in grósseren Massen an mehr oder weniger exponierten Stellen zusammenrotten ; nicht selten sind es hóhere Stráucher und Báume die die Arten zum Zweck der Paarung aufsuchen; so kann man Afion (Oxystoma) ochropus zur Paarungszeit stets an den Enden der Aeste von Laub- und Nadelbiáumen auffinden und ein gleiches kann auch bei den übrigen Oxystomen beobachtet werden. Auf diese Erscheinung ist die entschieden als falsch zurück- zuweisende und immer und immer wieder kritiklos rekapitulierte Behauptung zurückzuführen, dass Aion (Oxystoma) pomonae auf Obstbàumen, namentlich Apfelbáàumen, mitunter schàdlich werde; die Art lebt wie alle ihre Verwandten an Papilionaceen. an Lat/yrus- und Vicia-Arten; in den angeblich im Fruchtboden der Apfelblüten vorgefundenen Larven hat es sich zweifellos um die ganz áhnlich gebauten Larven des Anthonomus pomorum gehandelt. In den meisten Füllen hingegen vollzieht sich die Paarung an der Futterpflanze. Entweder kurz nach der Paarung, in einzelnen Fillen schon wenige Stunden nach derselben, andererseits wieder erst nach lüngerer Frist, schreitet das Weibchen an die Brutge- scháfte. Da ist es interessant zu beobachten wie z. B. das Weibchen des Aon radiolus — so bald es zur Nührpflanze die hochstengelige Althea erkoren — am Stiele Stückchen für Stückchen auf- oder abwárts kriecht, ein kleines Lóchelchen in denselben bohrt um darauf ein Ei hineinzulegen ; besonders amusant ist es Afion longirostre zu beobachten ; mit seinem langen Rüssel bohrt es die Fruchtstinde der Malven ( meist die grossblütigen Arten, chünensis, etc.) an, meist immer in jeden zweiten oder dritten Samen senkt es seinen Rüssel bis fast zur Basis hinein, um daraufhin gleichfalls ein Ei hineinzulegen; dabei vollführt es fast ununterbrochen gewisse schaukelnde Bewegungen. Eine besondere Hast zeigen gewisse Exafton- Arten; sie scheinen ihre Brutgescháfte hauptsüchlich in den heissen, sonnigen Mittagstunden zu erledigen und zeigen dann ein auffüllig nervóses Treiben, wobei die Weibchen immer nur ein oder zwei Eier in die jungen Schótchen, die oftmals noch die abgewelkte Blütenhülle tragen, legen, um gleich zu einer anderen Blüte zu kriechen oder fliegen. Ganz im Gegensatz hierzu benahm sich Aron miniatum ; tràge krochen die Tierchen am Stamme der Pflanze, ganz kurz über dem Erdboden herum, um dann den obersten Teil der Wurzel anzubohren, meist an zwei, hóchstens drei verschiedenen Seiten, und die ovalen Eierchen daran zu legen (die Vertiefungen sind gering, sie machen eher ein Grübchen), aus denen bald das Lárvchen schlüpft und sich in die Tiefe bohrt. Die Larven schlüpfen meist sehr bald aus, um sich rasch in die Samen oder in das Mark, oder in das Gewebe anderer Pflanzenstellen einzubohren; selten erzeugen sie gallenfórmige Gewebewuche- rungen, wie dies z. B. bei TAymus serpyllum an den Stengeln der Fall ist, wo 4fion atomarium hierzu die Veranlassung gibt. Das Wachstum der Larve geht in den meisten Füllen ziemlich rasch vor sich und meist schon nach einigen Wochen geht die Umwandlung zur Puppe vor sich; auffallend ist die geringe Menge des Nahrstoffes, den oft verhültnismássig grosse Larven für ihre ganze Entwicklung benótigen ; so braucht eine unserer gróssten Larven, die des Aion ochropus, kaum das ganze Endosperm eines einzigen Samens von Vicia sepium auf. Eine gróssere Ruhepause stellt sich mitunter im Puppenstadium 36 COIZEOPTERA ein. Jedoch ist meist mit der Reifezeit des Samens der betreffenden Pflanze.auch das Tier vóllig entwickelt und ófters erlangt mit der Ausstreuung der Samen aus der Hülse oder Schote auch das voll- kommen entwickelte Insect seine Freiheit. In gewissen Fàllen aber tritt infolge der Vernichtung des Samens durch die Larven eine Oeffnung der Hülse zur normalen Reifezeit des Samens nicht ein, die Hülse überdauert in geschlossenem Zustande, oft die Puppe, aber mitunter auch schon das entwickelte Insect bergend. den Winter, wie ich dies bei Afion Aungaricum beobachten konnte. Diejenigen Arten die andere Pflanzenorgane, wie Stengel, Blátter und Wurzeln, bewohnen, verlassen fast immer vor Einbruch des Winters als Imagines ihre Entwicklungsstátte. Dem entwickelten Tier dienen zur Nahrung fast ausschliesslich die Laubblátter (seltener andere Teile) ihrer Náhrpflanze, die dann oftmals siebairtig (wie Taf. 7, Fig. 3 zeigt) durchfressen sind. Zur Ueberwinterung dienen den Tieren Laublagen, Moos und Rindenspalten; ófters habe ich im zeitigsten Frühjahre gróssere Mengen verschiedener Species aus Reisigbündeln (namentlich von Coniferen!) geklopft; gewisse Arten aber verkriechen sich an den Wurzeln ihrer Náhrpflanzen bis zu ganz ansehnlicher Tiefe in den Boden, so z. B. Aftiou. miniatum und violaceum. Schon die ersten warmen Frühlingstage erwecken die Tierchen zu neuem Leben und kaum sind die ersten Triebe ihrer Nàhr- pflanzen hervorgesprosst, setzt der ganze Entwicklungskreislauf von Neuem ein. In der Auswahl ihrer Futterpflanzen sind die Arten recht verschieden veranlagt; gewisse Species zeigen innerhalb einer bestimmten Pflanzen-Gattung oder Gruppe eine gróssere oder geringere Poly- phagie, andere Arten hingegen sind exclusiv monophag und in der Gefangenschaft nicht zu bewegen selbst die ihrer Nührpflanze nàchst verwandten Pflanzen anzunehmen. Aber niemals ist es mir móglich gewesen, eine Art an sehr verschiedenen Familien angehórigen Pflanzen zu finden und habe ich bereits an anderer Stelle darauf hingewiesen, dass gewisse Angaben, wie z. B. A4fion radiolus — ein typischer Malvenbewohner! — lebe auch an Artemisium, sehr der Bestátigung bedürfen. Die Familie der Leguminosae ist die am gróssten frequentierte Familie, sowohl in unserer Fauna, wie auch namentlich in den tropischen Gebieten, und dürfen wir wohl annehmen. dass zwischen der phylogenetischen Entwicklung dieser Pflanzenfamilie und derselben der Apionen ein steter, innigerer Zusammenhang stattgehabt hatte; vor allem lüsst diese Vermutung der Umstand als gerechtfertigt erscheinen, dass beide Gruppen in der annáhernd gleichen geoiogischen Periode ihre Herausgestaltung erfahren haben An den Pflanzen dieser Familie sind es hauptsáchlich die Samen die den 4ion-Larven zur Nahrung dienen; in selteneren Füllen sind es die Stiele, deren áussere Gewebepartieen oder deren Mark aufgezehrt werden und nur ganz selten sind es Blattgewebe (wobei gallenartige Wuche- rungen erzeugt werden) welche zur Nahrung bestimmt sind. In weit geringerem Masse wird die Familie der Maivaceae heimgesucht; hier sind es gleichfalls die Samen, die am meisten als Nahrung dienen, aber auch das Mark der Stengel und die Wurzehn bieten des ófteren den Nàührstoff. Als nàchste Familie küme die der Comfposilae in. Betracht; hier treffen wir ófters an, dass die parenchymatischen Gewebe der Stiele bevorzugt werden, jedoch auch der Boden der kópfchenfórmigen Infloreszenzen gewisser Centaureen und Matricaria- wie auch Carduus-Arten, wird nicht selten als Nahrungsmittel und Entwicklungsherd gebraucht. Eine weitere, gleichfalls nur von gewissen Artengruppen heimgesuchte Familie ist die der Polygonaceae, und da sind es namentlich die Gattungen Rumex und Calligouum. die bevorzugt sind. Wohl kaum eine der europáischen Aumea-Arten bleibt von Apionen verschont und namentlich zwei Gruppen, die Erythrapion und Perapion — besonders erstere — sind fast ausschliesslich Bewohner dieser Pflanzen; die ErytArapion-Arten bewohnen meist die unteren Partieen der Pflanze, namentlich die Wurzel, seltener die Blátter indem sie daselbst blasen- artige Anschwellungen erzeugen, wührend bestimmte Perapion-Arten mehr die oberen Teile des Hauptstieles und die Neben- und selbst auch die Blattstiele als Entwicklungsherd occupieren. Vóllig verschont scheinen die Samen zu bleiben. Die übrigen aufgeführten Pflanzenfamilien sind alle recht EXANNIE COBRA OTIZTLONGISID VES 37 schwach besucht; unter diesen wáüre in erster Linie noch die Familie der Laózatae zu nennen; hier sind es besonders die Vertreter der Untergattung Caf/apion die meist in den Stielen und Wurzel- partieen leben. Eine recht natürliche Verwandtschaftseruppe, das Subgenus Onychafion, beherbergt die Familie der Tamaricaceae. Dann kámen noch in Betracht die Familien : Gutzferae (Hypericum : Apton brevirostre und simum). Urticaceae (Urtica : Taeniapion), Cistaceae (Helianthemum : Phrissotrichium velatum, rugicolle, Perapion aciculare, Cistus : Phrissotrichium tubiferum, etc ), Euphorbtaceae (Mercurialis : Taentapion pallibes und semiviltatum), U mbelliferae (einige nordamerikanische Species aus der Gruppe des errattcim Smith). und endlich als nur von einzelnen Arten bewohnt die Familie der : Plumbaginaceae (Statice limonium : Apion limonii), Rutaceae (Ruta : Apion candidum) und Salicaceae; hier sei noch besonders bemerkt : nach verschiedenen Autoren soll Afzon minimum Herbst an Salix-Arten in Gallen leben die von ANematus-Arten. erzeugt werden, demnach ein halb parasitisches Leben führen; mir war es trotz eifrigsten Suchens unmóglich gleichfalls diese Beobachtung machen zu kónnen. Auch die Familie der Loranthaceae beherberet eine Art, Afiou variegatum; welches an. Viscum album in dem Teil des Stammes, wo er in seine Wirtspflanze eindringt, leben soll. Gewiss kommen noch zahlreiche andere Pflanzenfamilien, namentlich insoferne es die tropischen Vertreter der Gattung A4f/on betrifft, in Betracht; doch hierüber muss uns die Zukunft sicheren Aufschluss bringen. Bevor ich zur Charakterisierung der Larven und Puppen übergehe, móchte ich noch eines wichtigen Factors in der Lebensgeschichte der Apionen gedenken. Soweit meine Nachforschungen bisher gezeigt haben, besitzen die Apionen eine erstaunlich grosse Zahl von Feinden aus dem Reiche der Hymenopteren; hier sind es besonders Vertreter der Chalcididen welche die Af/on-Brut in ganz erschreckendem Maasse decimieren. Wie ich bereits an anderer Stelle hervorhob, waren in gewissen Füllen bis 8o */, der Brut dem Parasitismus der Hymenopteren zum Opfer gefallen. Lanvg : Die Larven sámtlicher Arten die ich bisher untersuchen konnte, zeigen eine sehr grosse Gleichartigkeit, sowohl in der Form wie in der Fárbung; was zunüchst die erstere betrifft, so kann man zwei Haupttypen unterscheiden, die ihrer Lebensweise angepasst erscheinen; entweder sie zeigen eine kráftige Krümmung wenn sie in Samen leben (diese behalten sie auch bei wenn sie frei liegen, und selbst bei Bewegungsversuchen auf ebener Fláche bleibt diese Krümmung in hohem Grade beibehalten und erschwert daher die Bewegung ausserordentlich!), oder sie besitzen eine ziemlich gestreckte Gestalt, leben sie im. Mark oder anderen Pflanzengeweben die eine Krümmung des Kórpers nicht erfordern. Die Fárbung ist, mit Ausnahme des meist dunkelbraunen oder schwárzlichen, seltener heller rótlichgelben oder geblichbraunen Kopfes, ein blasses gelb, oder ein gelblich oder grau übertóntes Weiss, selten ein sehr zartes Gelblichrot (Erytarapion). Eine Behaarung fehlt — mit Ausnahme einzelner feiner Borstenhárchen — gánzlich. Der Kórper wird von dreizehn scharf zu unterscheidenden Segmenten gebildet, von welchen die ersten zehn oder elf ziemlich gleich gross im Umfange sind, das zwólfte ist meist schon erheblich kleiner und das dreizehnte ófters nur sehr klein, mehr oder minder stark in das zwólfte eingezogen ; die drei ersten Segmente sind meist etwas breiter als die folgenden, namentlich oberseits flacher gewólbt und meist auch durch schwáchere Suturen als die übrigen getrennt. An den Seiten ist vom vierten bis zum neunten oder zehnten Segment eine deutliche eingedrückte Linie wahrnehmbar, die in geringer Entfernung bauchwárts von einer zweiten ebensolchen begleitet wird. Die mittleren Segmente weisen mitunter einige mehr oder minder deutliche, zur Làngsachse des Kórpers quergestellte Eindrücke auf; im übrigen zeigt die Oberfláche eine áussert feine runzelige Struktur. Auf dem Rücken belinden sich an den acht bis zehn ersten Segmenten meist zwei Reihen, an den selben Segmenten an den Seiten mehr oder weniger regelmássige Reihen sehr feiner Borstenhürchen. Der Kopf ist stets stark chitinisiert, kapselfórmig, im Umfang ziemlich kreisrund und meist wesentlich kleiner als das erste Segment und in dieses mehr oder minder stark zurückgezogen, ohne Andeutung von Augen; er trágt 38 COLEOPTERKRA fast ausnahmslos eine sehr deutliche, helle Y-fórmige Linie, die hinter der Gabelung beiderseits von einem kleinen grübchenfórmigen Punkt begrenzt wird; die nach vorne sich gabelnden Linien erreichen die Basis der Mandibeln; letztere sind kráftig. unter dem vorne mehr oder minder scharf abgestutzten Kopf deutlich hervortretend, von der Basis zur Spitze mehr oder minder stark zugespitzt, die Spitzen selbst sind schmal abgehakt und daselbst nur unter dem Mikroskop wahrnehmbar gezáhnelt. Die Ober- lippe ist mehr membranós, am Vorderrande fein beborstet, von durchscheinendem Bráunlichgelb ; ebenso die Unterlippe und das Kinn. Die Taster sind ziemlich kráftig entwickelt, mit keulenfórmigem vorletztem Gliede und einem kleinen, kurz-zápfchenfórmigen Endghede. PurprE: Die Puppe lásst bereits deutlich alle Kórpersegmente wie sie dem fertigen Insect eigen sind erkennen. Bei Betrachtung von oben sehen wir zunàáchst das meist glockenfórmig gewólbte Hals- schild, dann folgt das etwas tiefer gelegene Mesonotum und das der Lánge nach durch eine breite, aber ziemlich flache Rinne getrennte Metanotum, auf welches die sieben, meist von einer feinen Mittellinie und zwei kráftigeren, seitlichen Làngseindrücken durchzogenen Tergite folgen; auch das Scutellum ist deutlich wahrnehmbar; knapp hinter dem Basalrand des Halsschildes nehmen die Flügeldecken ihren Ur- sprung, um sich im weiteren Verlaufe nach hinten-unten um den Kórper zu legen; nahe ihrer Basis ragen seitlich die Enden der Vorderschenkel, und hinten. beim vierten Dorsalsegment ragen, an den Kórper angepresst, die Enden der Hinterschenkel vor. Wáhrend das Meso- und Metanotum eine ziemlich glatte — nur eine unter dem Mikroskop sichtbare Chagrinierung ist vorhanden — Oberflàche zeigen. ist auf den Tergiten ausser dieser feinen Grundskulptur eine mehr oder minder deutliche, flache Runzelung zu erkennen. Bei Betrachtung der Ventralseite sehen wir zunáchst den etwas nach abwárts gesenkten Kopt, an dem die Augen deutlich hervortreten und den dem Kórper anliegenden Rüssel, der meist die spátere Form nicht erkennen lásst; ziemlich unmittelbar vor den Augen entspringen am Rüssel die Fühler, welche nach den Seiten gerichtet sind und den vorderen Schenkeln mit ihrem Ende aufliegen; sie sind ' nicht in ihre drei Teile : Schaft, Geissel und Keule, gegliedert, aber lassen sowi/f deutlich getrennte, gegen das Ende hin zunáchst stürker, dann wieder kleiner werdende Glieder erkennen. Sodann kommen wir zum ersten Beinpaar; die Schenkel desselben sind gegen die Seiten hin ausgestreckt, in fast senkrechter Lage zur Kórperlüngsachse; ihnen angepresst sind die Schienen, von welchen die unscharf gegliederten Tarsen in fast rechtem Winkel gegen das Abdomen hin abstehen; unter letzteren kommen noch die Tarsen des zweiten. Beinpaares zum Vorschein und beide Beinpaare decken vóllig das Meso- und Metasternum. Die Ventralsegmente sind mehr oder minder deutlich getrennt; an den Seiten des ersten Abdominalsternites ragen unter den, hier nach unten dem Kórper anliegenden Flügeldecken, die Enden der Hintertibien vor, von denen gleichfalls in nahezu rechtem Winkel die Hintertarsen abbiegen. Unter den Flügeldecken sind als zarte Lappen die Spitzen der Flügel deutlich sichtbar. Die Flügeldecken tragen bereits neun scharfe Furchen, deren Zwischenráume meist krüftig gewólbt sind. Eine Behaarung ist nicht vorhanden, nur der Halsschild besitzt eine gróssere Anzahl regelmássig angeordneter, feiner Zàüpfchen, welchen ein starres, kurzes, dunkles Bórstchen aufsitzt; ein gleiches ist bisweilen an der Iüsselbasis wahrnehmbar. Im ersten Stadium der Entwickelung zeigt die Puppe überall die gleiche Farbe, entsprechend der Larve ein abgetóntes Weiss, oder Gelb oder helles Rótlichgelb; mit der weiteren Entwickelung zur Imago treten folgende Verfárbungen auf : zunáüchst sind es die Augen die eine Schwürzung erfahren ; sind diese bereits in grósserem Grade ausgefárbt. beginnt sich die Rüsselspitze zu schwárzen, es werden die Mandibeln deutlich wahrnehmbar ; dann beginnen sich alle Tarsen zu verfárben, wobei die Verfáür- bung immer gegen die Basis der Schenkel hin zunimmt. Sind die Beine in grósserem oder geringerem Grade ausgefárbt, beginnt die Verfárbung des Abdomens von der Spitze her und gleichzeitig auch dieselbe des Halsschildes von den Ràndern aus; erst wenn der ganze übrige Kórper seine normale Fárbung erlangt hat und die Chitinisierung erfolgt ist, beginnt die Ausfürbung und Erhártung der FAM. CURCULIONIDZE 39 Flügeldecken. Des ófteren kann man es beobachten, dass die Tierchen bereits Nahrung zu sich nehmen, wahrend die Decken noch ziemlich weich sind und noch nicht ihre volle Ausiárbung erlangten. 5 Paláontologie. — Die Gattung Aion ist fossil bereits in einer verháltnismássig ziemlich grossen Anzahl von Arten in Europa und Nord-Amerika nachgewiesen. Ich glaube allerdings, dass einige der von Scudder beschriebenen und abgebildeten Arten nicht in diese Gattung gehóren, was aber von geringer Bedeutung ist, Sicher nachgewiesen ist die Gattung bereits im unteren Oligocün, und im oberen Miocán (Oeninger Schichten) sind bereits zwei Arten aufgefunden [antiquum Heer und dietrichi Heer, i. 1. 1)]. welche mit recenten Formen eine sehr nahe Verwandtschaft zeigen. Es ist aber andererseits sehr wahr- scheinlich, dass die Gattung bereits zum Beginne der Tertiárzeit, vielleicht auch schon am Ende der cretacischen Periode, ihre Herausgestaltung erfahren hat. KATALOG DER FOSSILEN ARTEN 2) 4a. Unteres Oligocán : Afionsh., Berendt, Organ. Reste, Vol. i, p. 56 Baltischer Bernstein. (1845). » sf.. Helm, Schrift. Nat. Ges. Danzig. D » Vol. 9, p. 228 (1896). » sf., Helm, ibidem, Vol. ro, p. 37 (1899). » » » sf., Serres, Geognos. Terr. Tert. p. 222, Frankreich, Aix. 267 (1829). b. Mittleres Oligocàn : » Jaevirostre, Fórster, Abh. Geol. Specialk. Brunnstadt im Elsass. 19) W/to)lc So goes tis er ass) dziS pt) » pareum, Forster, ibidem, p. 382, t. 2, » » f. 24 (1891). » primordiale, Fórster, ibidem, p. 382, t. 2, » » f. 25 (1891). » sulcatum, Forster, ibidem, p. 379, t. 2, D » f. 22 (1891). t€. Oberes Oligocàn : » primordiale, Keyden, Palaeont. Vol. 15, Rott im Siebengebirge. P. 148, t. 23, f. 9 (1866). » frofundum, Schlechtendal, Abh. Halle, » » Vol. 20, p. 9. t. 12, f. 4 (1894). d. Oligocàün : » evestigatum, Scudder, Monogr. Vol. 21, Roan Mt., Col., N.-Amer. p. 84, t. 1o, f. 8 (1893). €. Miocán : Afpton confectum, Scudder, ibidem, p. 82, t. 5, Florissantin Col., N.-Amer. it» Si. tts mte dis c (rtele)s))e » curisum, Scudder, ibidem, p. 83, t. 5, » » » f. 5 (1893). » examimale, Scudder, ibidem, p. 84, t. 5, - ) ) D f. 1 (1893). » pumilum, Scudder, ibidem, p. 82, t. 5, » D » f. 17 (1893). 1) Ich konnte Dank der grossen Liebenswürdigkeit der Herren Professoren : Dr. A. Heim und Dr. Rollier, die Originalexemplare im Geol. Museum des eidg. Polytechn, in Zürich, genau untersuchen 2) Ich entnehme die Literaturangaben dem Werke von Handlirsch : Die fossilen Insecten, etc., Leipzig, 1906-08. 40 COLEOPTERA Afton refrenatum, Scudder, Monogr. Vol. 21, Florissantin Col., N.-Amer. p385: t5 Mf r893)- » smilhi, Scudder,* ibidem, p. 8r, t. 5, f. 2, » Er » (1893). f. Oberes Miocàün : » antiquum, Heer, Urw. d. Schweiz. f. 242 Oeningen (Baden). (1865). » Ditrichti, Heer. in litt. 1). » » » mov. Sp., Scudder. Geol. Magaz . Vol. 2, D " p. 119 (1895). g. Unteres Pleistocàn : » sf., Flach. Verh. Würzb. n. F., Vol. 138, Hósbach (Bayern). p. 294. t. 2, f. 9 (1884). Geographische Verbreitung der Arten. — Die Gattung Afion ist über die ganze Erde verbreitet und ist der Stand der Artenzahl in den einzelnen Hauptverbreitungsgebieten — der gegen- wártigen Kenntnis entsprechend — aus der Tabelle p. 5 ersichtlich: es braucht aber kaum erwáühnt zu werden, dass die Zahlen keineswegs der wirklichen Artenmenge in den betreffenden Gebieten entspre- chen, sondern vielmehr ein Zeugnis davon ablegen. wie weit die Forschung in diesen Gebieten vorge- schritten ist. Tatsáchlich kónnen wir die paláarctische Zone als einigermassen erschópft betrachten, den selbst zielbewuste Sammelexcursionen in mehr oder weniger undurchforschte Gebiete, von erprobten Coleopterologen und Sammlern in den letzten Jahren unternommen, haben nur relativ geringe Ergebnisse im Bezug auf Neuheiten, gezeitigt. Allein alle übrigen Continente lassen noch einen ungeahnten Reichtum an bisher unbekannt gebliebenen Formen erhoffen und selbst Nord-Amerika, welches zweifelsohne im Bezug auf eine gewisse Vollstündigkeit seiner diesbezüglichen Erforschung nach der paláarctische Region den erster Platz einnimmt, beherbergt gewiss noch eine ganz bedeutende Summe unbekannter Arten, zumal in seinen nórdlichen Regionen. Anlásslich der Bearbeitung der Apionen des áthiopischen Faunengebietes habe ich bereits darauf hingewiesen 2), dass der Gesamtchavakter dieser Faunenelemente einen im Wesentlichen ganz anderen Eindruck hervorruft als derjenige der paláarctischen Vertreter, jedoch grosse Anklànge an den Haupt- charakter der indomalayischen Faunenelemente zeigt. was in erster Linie durch zwei, ausschliesslich diesen beiden Gebieten eigene und hier dominierende Untergattungen : Piezoliachelus und Conapion, bedingt wird. Die Herausgestaltung dieser Charaktere, beziehungsweise ihre Beschrünkung auf diese Gebiete, findet aber eine ganz naheliegende Erklürung. welche in den zum Teil ganz gewaltigen natürlichen Barrieren, die auch schon in früheren geologischen Erdperioden vorhanden waren, zu suchen und zu finden sind. Werfen wir hier gleich einen Blick auf die Vertreter welche die bedeuten- deren Inseln welche Afrika umlagern, bewohnen : Die canarischen Inseln, die ja eine recht gründliche Durchforschung erlitten, zeigen den typischen paláarctischen Charakter und tatsüchlich finden sich hier nebst einer Anzahl endemischer Arten nicht wenige, die über den gróssten oder doch einen ansehnlichen Teil der Paliarctis verbreitet sind. Gehen wir 15 Breitengrade südlicher und betrachten wir die (aller- dings bisher nur zwei) Arten der Cap-Verd'schen Inseln, so finden wir schon Reprásentanten einer für die áthiopisch-indomalayische Fauna typischen Formenreihe. An der Ostflanke Afrikas kommt nur Madagaskar in Betracht. Auch in unserem Gebiete, wie in so vielen anderen der Zoologie und speciell Entomologie, müssen wir die Wahrnehmung machen, dass der Gesammtcharakter dieser Elemente im Wesentlichen einen sehr abweichenden, — man kann in unserem Falle fast sagen'— keinen den übrigen Faunencharakteren ühnlichen, Eindruck hervorruft; allerdings finden wir hier auch tvpisch áthiopische 1) Im Material der geol -palzeontolog. Sammlungen im Geol. Mus. d. eidgen. Polytecbnikum in Zürich. 2) Sjóstedt, Kilimandjaro, Vol. r, Teil 7 (9), p. 98 (1008). EAM. CURCULIONIDZE 41 Formen, wie Piesotrachelen, Rhinabion, aber die Mehrzahl der Arten zeigt einen wesentlich anderen Charakter, der einerseits durch eine, nur diesem Gebiet eigene Artenreihe ( Aprzotherium Beguin-Billecocq), andererseits aber durch die — wie bereits a. O. erwühnt — vielleicht nicht generell abzutrennenden Cybebus- Arten bedeutend verschàárft wird. Betrachten wir nun die Elemente, die die 1indomalayische Region bevóikern ; wie bereits erwühnt nehmen auch hier den Hauptanteil die melanistischen Formen die den Untergattungen Piezotrachelus, Pseudopiezotrachelus, Conapion und. Rhinapion angehóren ein, wahrend die Mehrzahl der übrigen Formen gleichfalls einem, auch für die áthiopische Kegion, charakteristischen Artencomplex (Trichafion m., i. 1.) angehóren. Hervorzuheben ist hier noch, dass ein bedeutender Procentsatz der bisher — allerdings relativ sehr wenigen! — bekannten Arten eine gróssere Verbreitung zeigt; so sind viele Arten sámtlich grossen Inseln eigen und wir treffen einige von ihnen auch am indischen Festlande an ; andererseits treffen wir aber auch für verháltnismássig sehr eng umgrenzte Gebiete endemische Arten an. Nicht unbedeutend unausgesprochener als zwischen dem paláarctischen und àthiopischen Faunencharakter, sind hier die Grenzen gegen den palàarctischen hin. Wir finden im südlichen Japan, in Süd-China und dann wieder in Kashmir und etwas nórdlicher, in Pamir, ausgesprochene Mischzonen. Desgleichen verwischt sich der Faunencharakter so bald wir ostwürts bis Celebes und Neu-Guinea vordringen; wahrend erstere Insel uns in den wenig von ihr bekannten Arten vorwiegend den typisch indomalayi- schen Charakter prásentiert, zeigt Neu-Guinea schon mehr den der australisch-polynesischen Fauna, welcher einen zum grósseren Teil uns recht absonderlich und teilweise fast urweltlich anmutenden Eindruck verursacht; diejenigen Formen aber welche diese Gestaltung nicht zeigen, weisen den indo- malayischen Typus auf. Weit unklarere Verháltnisse treten uns bei Betrachtung der die gesamte Neue-Welt bevólkernden Arten entgegen. Wahrend Nord-Amerika in seinen centralen und namentlich nórdlichen Territorien einen ganz erheblichen Anklang an den Charakter der palàarctischen Zone zeigt, geht derselbe rasch verloren und gibt dem der central- und südamerikanischen Elemente Platz, so bald wir etwa den 35? n. Br. südwárts überschritten haben. Aber selbst in der central-aimnerikanischen Fauna finden wir noch eine ziemlich erhebliche Vermischung mit Formen die den typisch nearctisch-palàarctischen Typus reprásentieren, wenngleich die Mehrzahl der hier heimischen Vertreter den exclusiv süd-amerikanischen Charakter tragen, der uns in seiner ausgesprochendsten Form entgegentritt so bald wir den Aequator überschritten haben. Auch der süd-amerikanische Faunencharakter prágt sich durch eine Anzahl, eine gróssere oder geringere Artenzahl umschliessende Gruppen aus, deren Gesamtbild gegenüber dem der Vertreter aller übrigen Faunen fremdartig erscheint. Wenngleich, wie bereits an verschiedenen Orten erwühnt, noch grosse Lücken in der Kenntnis des gesamten Artenreichtums dieser Gruppe vorhanden sind, so móchte ich doch die Vermutung aus- drücken, dass die obigen Ausführungen durch die Ergebnisse der zu erhoffenden weiteren Forschungen, keine wesentlichen Aenderungen erfahren werden müssen; vielmehr haben meine Studien gezeigt, dass die letzten Resultate derselben die obigen Ausführungen immer mehr und mehr bestütigten und festigten. Dass wir heute über die Phylogenie dieser überaus interessanten Gruppe noch herzlich wenig sagen kónnen, sollen nicht gewagte Hypothesen und Speculationen die erste Rolle dabei spielen, liegt nicht nur in der Schwierigkeit des Studiums dieser gewaltigen Materie; vor allem liegt eine Haupt- schwierigkeit diesen Fragen náher zu kommen darin, dass wir es ausschliesslich mit Phytophagen zu tun haben, woraus sich Eventualitüten ergeben, die ein zweifelloses Vordringen in dem Studium der stammes- und erdgeschlichtlichen Entwicklung und Herausgestaltung arg behindern. Immerhin móchte ich die Meinung áussern, dass die obigen zoogeographischen Betrachtungen zur Erforschung letzterer Fragen einen nicht zu unterschátzenden Beitrag leisten kónnen. 42 COLEOPTERA . abdominale, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. rr, p. 53 (1884). abdominale, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25. p. 143 (1898). . abruptum, Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 293 (1891) (Oxystoma). . abyssinicum, Wagner, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol.69, p. 9o (1908) (Conafion). . aciculare, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 245,t. 3, f. 20(1817)(Perapion). aciculare, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 262 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 253 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 220, 380 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon. Vol. 3, p. 65 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 6o (1901). pulchellum, Miller, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. Vol. r, p. 15 (1857). BroLocrE : Perris, Ann, Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 456 (1863;. 5. A. acrophilum, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 129, t. 3, f. 12 (1898). 6. A. aculeatum, Fall, ibidem. p. 171 (1898). 7- A. acupunctatum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 51 (1889). 8. A. acuminatum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol 42. p. 31 (1906) (Lepidapion). 9. A. aculiclava, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. ro, p. 159 (19ot). Io. 4. adjectum, Desbrochers. ibidem, Vol. 4, p. 187 (1894-95) ( Protapion). 1I. Á. admirabile, Wagner, Mém, Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 5r, t. 5, f. 2 (1908) (Prezotrachelus). 12. A. aduncirostre, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 276 (1854). recidivum, Faust, ibidem, Vol. 54, p. 322 (1893). vetustum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer Col. Vol. 4, p. 58 (1889). 13. A. aegrotum, Sharp, ibidem, p. 5o, t. 3, f. 3 (1889). 14. A. aegypliacum, Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 20t (1870); Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 93 (1893-94) (Ceratapion). aegyptiacum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 1(1902). 15. A. aemulum, Lea, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 23. p. 608(1898). I6. A. aeneicolle, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol.15.p. 277(1854) ( Perapion). aereirostre, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 9, p. 77 (1900-01); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 26 (1902); Vol. 43, p. CXVII (1906). laudabile, Faust, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 25, p. 415 (1891); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 59 (1893-04; Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 188 (1906-08). 17. A. aeneipenue, Pascoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. r1, p. 122 (1883). 18. A. aeneomicans, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 242 (1864). aeneomicans, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 244 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 54 (1906). var. nothum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 24 (1896-97). var. rubripes, Desbrochers, ibidem, Vol. 5, p. 244 (1895-96). I9. A. aeneum, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 131 (1775). — Taf. 8, Fig. 5. aeneum, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 74 (1808); Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 249, t. 3, f. 8 (1817); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol, r, p. 163 (1864) ; Bedel, Faune Coll. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 366 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 41 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 71 (1901); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 20 (1906-08) (Aspidapion). Biorocir : Kaltenbach, Pflanzenfeinde, p. 67 (1874); Xambeu, Le Natura- liste, p. 250 (1895); C. Schenkling, Insectenbórse, Vol. 16, p. 56 (1899) ; Wagner, Zeitschr.-Wiss. Ins.-Biol. Vol. 5 (14), p. 53(1909). aeneum, Paykull, Faune Suec. Vol. 3, p. 179 (1800). chalceum, Marsham, Ent. Brit. Vol. r, p. 243 (1802); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 71 (19or), var. a. craccae, Panzer, Fauna Germ. Vol. 20, p. 10 (1808). motschulskyi, Hochhut, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Vol. 20 (12), p. 461 (1847). teres, Linné, Syst. Nat. Gmel. Vol. r, p. 4 (1758). 20. A. aequabile, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 148 (1898). DUM BU m Arizona, Californien. Japan. Abessinien. Europa, Algier. Colorado. (Texas. Panama. Spanien. Kaukasus. Algier, Oran. Süd-West-Afrika, Angola. Columbien. Venezuela. Mexiko. Panama. Aegypten. Australien, Zamworth. Buchara, Persien, Syrien, 'Turkestan. Kandy. Nieder-Oesterreich, Un- vzarn, Frankreich, Spa- nien. Algier. Süd-Frankreich. Europa, Algier, Asien. Arizona, Californien. FAM. CURCULIONIDZE 21. A. aestimatum, Faust, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 25, p. 410 (189o-91). aestimatum, Desbrechers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 3oo (1895-96); S hilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 99 (1902); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 197 (1906-08). 22. A. aestivum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 169, t. 4, f. 16a, b (1817). aestivum, Schoónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 281 (1833); Wencker, l'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 204 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol.6, p. 368 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon. Vol. 4, p. 198 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38. p. 89 (1901) (Protapionz). BioLocir : Frauenfeld, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 16, p. 967 (1866). flavifemoratum, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. o, p. 42 (1808). flavipes. Laicharting, Verz. Tyr. Ins. Vol. rz, p. 232 (1781). leachi, Stephens, Ill. Brit. Vol. 4. p. 139 (1831). trifolii, Bach, Kàf. Nord- und Mittel- Deutschl. Vol. 2, p. 196 (1854 . var. hipponense, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 198 (1894-95,; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 89a (1901); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 2, p. 379 (1904-06). var. rufcrus, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 171, t. 4, f. 17a, b (1817); Schonherr, Gen, Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 407 (1839); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 89a (1901). 23. A. aetliopicum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16. p. 25 (1908). 24. A. aelliops, Herbst, Káf. Vol. 7. p. 120, t. 103, f. 9 (1797). aethtops, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 213, t. 4, f. 24, t. 3. f. 7 (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. rz, p. 297 (1833); Wencker. L'Abeille, Vol. 1i, p. 222 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 369 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 3o1 (1895-96): Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 59 (1906). coeruleum, Herbst, Káf. Vol. 7, p. 113, t. 102, f. 11 (1797). Iucidithorax, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 302 (1895-96). marchicum, Gyllenhall, Fauna Suec. Vol. 3, p. 47 (1815). stenocephalum, Perris, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Vol. 4, p. 135 (1857). ubcoeruleum, Stephens, Ill. Brit. Vol. 4, p. 183 (1831). sulsulcatum, Marsham, Ent. Brit. Vol. 1, p. 249 (1802). 25. A. affine, Kirby, Trans. Linn.Soc. Lond. Vol.9, p. 68(1808)(Perafion). afíne, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 294 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. ri, p. 259 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 382 (1855); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 54 (1893-04); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 68 (1901). aterrimum, Redtenbacher, Fauna Austr. Vol. 2, p. 693 (1858). 26. A. africanum, Gyllenhal, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 412 (1839). — Taf. 5b,Fig. 3. africanum, Wagner, Mém. Soc: Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 58 (1908). 27. A. agonis, Lea, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 23, p. 606 (1898). 28. A. akbésianum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 10 (1895-96) (Cerat- apion). 29. A. albertisit, Pascoe, Ann. Mus. Stor. Nat. Genova, Vol.2, p. 230(1885). albertisii, Lea, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 23, p. 614 (1898). 3o. A. alboirroratum, Motschulsky, Etud. Ent. Vol. 7, p. 95 (1858). 31. A. albolineatum, Wagner, Mém. Soc, Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 39 (1911). 32. A. albo-uigrum, Beguin- Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74, p. 151 (1905) CAptothertum). 33. A. albopictum, Faust, Ann. Mus. Stor. Nat. Genova, Vol. 40, p. 40 (1899). 34. A. albosquamosum, Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 103 (1904). 35. A. albosuturale, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 28 (1908) (Catafion). 36. A. alcyoneum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 205, t. 3, f. 5 (1817). alcyoneum, Schónherr, Gen, Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 303 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 231 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p- 271 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 42, p.62 (1906). var. hispanicum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 232 (1864). 43 Mittel- und. Süd-Europa, Algier, Asien, Syrien. Europa, Algier, Asien. Algier, Nieder-Oesterreich, Un- garn, Nord-Russland. Europa, Syrien. Afrika, Bulawayo. Europa, Asien, Algier, Sy- rien. Europa. Algier, Central- Asien, Syrien. Mittel- und Süd-Afrika. Australien, Behn-River. Syrien, Akbés. Australien, Cap. York. Indien. Durban. Madagaskar. Neu-Guinea. Madagaskar. Mashonaland. Mittel- und Süd-Europa. COLEOPTERA . A. alluaudi. Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 285 (1903) (Piezotrachelus). Madagaskar. Deutsch Ost- und Süd- 38. A. allernans, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 340 (1899). 39. A. allernatum, Fall, Trans. Amer Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 160, t. 6, . 5 Neu-Mexiko. [ Afrika. (1898). 40. A. alteruum, Wagner, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 766 (1909) (Exapion). Turkestan. alterunatum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. ro, p 108 (1901-02). Panama. . A. altum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol, 4. p. 62 (1889). . A. amabile, Lea, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 23, p. 607 (1898). . A. ambovobense, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr Vol. 74, p. 137 (1905). A. americanum, Wagner. Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 5 (1908). conicicolle, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 65 (1889). . A. amethystinum, Miller, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. Vol. r, p. 23 (18557). N. S. Wales, Tweed-River. Madagaskar. Guatemala. Mittel- und. Süd-Europa, Turkestan, Buchara, Sy- amethystinum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 212 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 298 (1895-96); Wagner. Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 31 (1906-08); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 73 rien, Persien, Sibirien. (1906. obtusum, Desbrochers, Bull. Acad. Hipp. p. 47 (1866). ' 46. A. amicum, Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 132 (1911). Argentinia. microcephalum, Beguin-Billecocq, ibidem, p. 453 (1909). Panama. . amoenum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 83 (1880). . amplum, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 294 (1898) (Conafton). Indien, Belgaum. Brasilien, Peru. macromerum, Kirsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 18, p. 419 (1874). . anceps, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 115 (1898). Illinois. . andalusicum, Desbrochers, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 9(6). p. XXXIV Andalusien. (1889); Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 233 (1895-96). ciliare, Desbrochers, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 9 (6), p. CCXVI (1889). 52. A. andinum, Oliff, in Whymper, Suppl. App. p. 78 (1891). 53. A. andreinii, Wagner, Soc. Ent. Vol. 24, p. 155(1909-10) (Prezofrachelus). | Erythrea. 54. A. andrewesi, Wagner, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 767 (1909) (Conapion). Indien, Promeé. pistillum, Faust, ibidem, p. 293 (1898). 55. A. androicum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74, p. 138 Madagaskar. (1905). A 56. A. angolanum, Wagner, Mém Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 46, t. 5, f. 4. Angola (1911) (Piezotrachelus). 57. A. angulatum, Gerstücker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 245 (1854). Brasilien. 58. A. angulicolle, Gylenhal, Gen Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 437 (1839) Mittel- und Süd-Afrika. (Conapion). 59. A. angulosum, Motschulsky, Schrenk's Reise, p. 170 (1860). angulosum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 3 (1896-97) (Oxystoma). 60. A. angusticolle, Gylenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 282a (1833). angusticolle, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 202 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol 4, p. 203 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Küf. Eur. Vol. 43, p. LXIV (1906); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 303 (1906-08) (Protapion). holdhausi, Wagner, Rivista Col, Ital. Vol. 3, p. 37 (1905). longimanum, Rey, Opusc. Vol. o, p. 15 (1859). 61. A. angustipenne, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 222 (1895-96) Spanien. A A A - A. ampullula, Gerstücker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 255 (1854). A A Süd-Amerika. Ost-Sibirien. Mittelmeergebiet, Syrien. (Catapion). : 62. A. angustithorax, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 5 (1908) Süd-Afrika. ( Piezotrachelus). angusticolle, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 269 (1854). 63. A. angustium, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 9, p. 78 (1899-1900) Algier. (Ceratapion). 68. 69. A. anihrax, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. rg, p. 42 (191r) (Pseudopiezotrachelus). 5 els Alc FAM. CURCU LIONIDZE : anisorhynuchum, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. r5, p. 239 (1854). ustum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 78, p. 457 (1909). . annulatum, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 256 (1854). . antennale, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 303 (1895-96). antennatum, Smith, Trans, Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. rr, p. 53 (1884). antennatum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 13o, t. 3, f. 10 (1898). anthidium, Lea, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 23, p. 613 (1898). 70. A. antilope, Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 156 (191r). 71. Á. antiquum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 263 (1833) (Perapion). d var. viridipenne, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 58 (1908). 72. A. approximatum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. i2, p. 55 (1904) (Exapion). "ONPA-MaPrICAns EBD Ad VIO ND IINE EEO 21 (08797)* 74- gs 76. 77- 78. A. 79. A. arduum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 81 apricans, Gerinar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 165, t. 4, f. 14 (1817); Schonherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1. p. 279 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p.20011864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 368 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon. Vol. 4, p. 193 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 87 (190r) (Protapion). fagi, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 40, t. 1, f. 8 (1808). Jlavifemoratum, Kirby, ibidem, p. 42 (1808). flavipes, Panzer, Ent. Germ. p. 298 (1795). ochropus, Gmelin, ed. Linné, Vol. z, p. 4, (1757). tubicen, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 200 (pars 9) (1864) var. algiricum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol 4, p. 194 (1894-95). var. curvipes, Desbrochers, ibidem, p 193 (1894-95). var. encaustum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 201 (1864). var. nigricrus, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 193 (1894-95). ruficrus, Wencker, L'Abeille, V. l. z, p. 262 (1864). BioLociE : Guérin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 1 (2), p. 66 (1843); Taschenberyp, Schádl. Ins. p. 49, t. 4, f. 12-14; Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 459 (1863); Frauenfeld, Verh. Zool -bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 16, p. 966 (1866); Vol. 18, p. 159 (1868); Pigeot, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Ardennes, Vol. 3, p. 74 (1896). . arabicum, Wagner, Soc. Ent. Vol. 24, p. 27 (1909) (Aplemonus). . arachne, Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 156 (1911). ( Piezolrachelus). 8o. A. areolatum, Kirsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 18, p. 423 (1874). - A. argentatum, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 258 (1854). argentatum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. rz, p. 156 (1864); . araneiforme, Nagner, Soc. Ent. Vol. 24. p. 27 (1909) (Conafion). . arborator. Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 339 (1899). arcirostre, Desbrochers. Le Frelon,Vol. 4, p. 169(1894-95)(Catapion). 53 (1908) Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4. p. 139 (1894-95) ; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 93 (1901) (Lepidafion). var. squamigerum, Jaequelin Duval, Gen. Col. Curc. p. 9 (1855). — Taf. 8, Fig. Il. var. nigripes, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 139 (1894-95). BrorociE : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 458 (1863). 82. A. argululum, Pascoe, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 23, p. 614 (1898) 83. A. aridulum, Beguin- Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.Vol.76, p.33 (1907). 84. A. arizonae, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 162 (1898). Buenos-Ayres, Argentinia. Brasilien. Corsica, Sicilien, Mittel- und Süd-Italien, Kephal- Californien. [lon. Arizona. Swan River. Kenia. Madagaskar. Kapland. Kapland, Dunbrody. Marocco. Europa, Algier, Klein- Asien, Syrien, Trans- kaspien, Sibirien. Algier. Süd-Frankreich. Süd-Frankreich. Mittel- und Süd-Europa. Arabien. Madagaskar. Formosa. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Süd-Russland. Natal. Bent Süd-Fiankreich, Spanien, Algier, Italien, Corsica, Sicilien, Sardinien. Queensland. Madagaskar. Arizona. 46 COLEOPTERA 85. A. armatum, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 237 (1854). armatum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. i, p. 432 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 364 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 112 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 12 (1901); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeit-chr. Vol. 2, p. 379 (1904-06) (Ceratapion). barnevillei, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 133 (1864). 86. A. armeniacum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5. p. 239 (1895-96). , armeniacum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kf. Eur. Vol. 43. p. 7 (1906). 87. A. armipes, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 22 (1908). 88. A. arrogans, Wencker, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 6 (3), p. r16a (1858); L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 213 (1864). arrogans, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 287 (1895-96); Schil:ky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 43. p. 8 (1906). cyaneomicans, Desbrochers, Opusc. Vol. rz, p. 28 (1874-75). 89. A. arrowi, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 11 (1908). 9o. A. artemisiae, Morawitz, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Vol. 16, p. 292 (1861). artemisiae, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 167 (1864!; Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 48(1893-94) ; Schilsky, Kiüst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 72 (1901) (Perapion). 91. 4. aspericolle, Wagner. Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3. p. 306 (1906-08). 92. A. asphaltinum, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 8 (2), p. 369 (1845). asphaltinum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 59 (1908). 93. A. assimile, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 42 (1808). assimile, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 164 (1817); p.39 (1818); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 281 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 203 (1864); Schilsky, Küst.-Kr atz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 88 (1901) (Protapion). bohemani, Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 367 (pars) (1885). incertum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 190 (1894-05). BriorociE : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 459 (1863); Frauenfeld, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 16, p. 966 (1866). 94. A. astragali, Paykull, Fauna Suec. Vol. 3, p. 180 (1800). astragali, Kirby, Trans. Linn Soc. Lond. Vol. o, p. 55, t. r, f. 12 (1808); Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 200, t. 3, f. 22 (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 295 (1833) ; Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 167 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6. p. 369 (1885): Des- brochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 290 (1895-96) ; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 33 (1902); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 310 (1906-08). saeculare, Gozis, L'Abeille, Vol. 17, p. 135 (1881) (emend.J. var. ergenense, Becker, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Vol. 18, p. 477 (1863). BiorociE : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 461 (1863). 95. A. atomarium, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 59, t. r, f. r4 (1808). — Taf. 4, Fig. 7. atomariwm, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 209 (1817); Schónherr, Gen, Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 255(1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 145 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 379 (1855) ; Des- brochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 167 (1894-95); Schilsky. Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39. p. 52 (1902) (Catapion). actum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 257 (1833). Busillum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 209, t. 2, f. 4 (1833); Vol. 3, p. 43 (1818). 96. A. atramentarium, Wagner, in Sjóstedt, Ergebn. Exped. Kilimandjaro, Vol. r, Teil 7 (9), p. roo (1908); Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. r6, P. 59 (1908) (Pseudopiesotrachelus). 97. A. atratum, Wagner, Sjóstedt, Ergebn. Exped. Kilimandjaro, Vol. r, Teil 7 (9), p. 99 (1908) ( Pseudofiezotrachelus). 98. A. atricolor, Hartmann, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 85 (1897). Nord- und Mittel-Europa. "Transkaukasien. Süd-Afrika, Natal. Klein-Asien, Syrien. Süd-Afrika, Tafelberg. Süd-Russland. Russisch Armenien. Süd-Afrika. Europa, Algier, Syrien, Tur- kestan, Sibirien. Europa, Algier, Syrien. Sarepta. Europa, Algier, Klein- Asien. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Kilimandjaro. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. IOI. 112. c4 « dle 5 ilo FAM. CURCULIONIDZE . atripenne, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. ro, p. 159(1902) (Ceratapi n). . alripes, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. rr, p. 49 (1884). atripes, Fall. ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 116, t. 2, f. 18 (1898). 4. atrirostre, Fabricius, Syst. Eleuth. Vol. 2, p. 424 (1802) atrirostre, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 271 (1833). atrocoeruleum, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 99 (1909) (Piezotrachelus). . A. atronitidum, Wencker, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4). p. 178 (1863). . A. attenuatum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 162 (1884). attenuatum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 168 (1898). auctum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 78 (1889). auletoides, Reittev, Wien. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 20, p. 228 (19or). auletoides, Schilsky, Küst -Kraatz, Káf. I:ur. Vol. 42, p. 61 (1906); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 33 (1906-08). . auyipes, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc Vol. 25, p. 157 (1898). . aurivillii, Faust. Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 49, p. 296 (1888) (Aplemonus). . austriacum, Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 2, p. 374 (1904-06). austriacum,Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 2 (1906) (Ceratapton). . austrinum, Wollaston, Cat. Canar. Col. p. 312 (1864). . avidum, Faust, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 25, p. 412 (1890-91). avidum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 295 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst -Kraatz, Kaáf. Eur. Vol 39, p. 34 (1902); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 196, 310 (1906-08). A. bayoni, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. r9. p. 49, t. 4, f. 3 (1911) (Pieszotrachelus). . balsani, Wagner, ibidem, p. 9, t. 1, f. 5 (1911) (Bothryopteron). . barbatum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.Vol.74, p.155 (1905). . basale, Sharp. Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 85, t. 3, f. 25(1889). . basirostre, Sharp, ibidem, p. 66, t. 3, f. 12 (1889). . batuense, Desbrochers, Le Frelon. Vol. 4, p. 141 (1894-95) (Exafton). chobauti, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 19 (1906). . A. beuchenei, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.Vol.74, p.139(1905). . beckeri, Desbrochers, Opusc. Vol. r. p. 27 (1874-75) (Q) (Cerat- apion); Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 112 (1893-94) ( Q ). beckeri, Wagner, Bull. Soc. Sc. Ruman. Vol. 19, p. 945 (1910) (8). angulivostre, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 14 (1901) (9) (Ceratapion;. . A. beguini, Wagner, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 69, p. 72 (1908). . A. bellum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74, p. 137 (1905). 2. A. benignum, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 292 (1898 (Conafion). . A. bicarinatum, Jeguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 56 (1904) (Aspidapion). . A. bicolor, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15. p. 244 (1854). guatemalenum, Sharp Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 5o (1889). mandoni, Wencker, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 178 (1863). sagax, Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 54, p. 321 (1893). . A. biforme, Faust, Abh. Ber. Zool. Mus. Dresden, Festschr.Vol. 8 (2), p. 15 (1899). . A. billeocqui, Wagner, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 766 (1909) (Aspid- apion). alluaudi, Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 55 (1904). 7. A. binodosum, Wagner, Mém Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. t9, p. ro, t. r, f. 6 (1911) (Bothryoplteron). . A. binotatum, Lea, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 5. Wales, Vol. 23, p.609 (1898). . A. bipartirostre, Desbrochers, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. g (6), p. XXXIII (1889); Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 12 (1893-94). 47 Gilechenland. Florida, Californien, Geor- gien, Virginien. Süd-Amerika. Congo. Süd-Amerika. Kansas, Ontario, Michigan, Süd-Californien. Mexiko. IKaukasus : Araxestal, Tur- kestan. Serafschan, We- schab. Florida. Afrika, Damaraland. Nieder-Oesterreich, | Un- carn; Württemberg (?). Gomera. Süd-Russland. Victoria-N yanza. Süd-Amerika. Madagaskar. Mittel- Amerika. Panama. Algier : Batna. Madagaskar. Süd-Russland, Rumünien. Buchara Abessinien. Madagaskar. Belgaum, Kanara. Madagaskar. Columbien. Guatemala. Bolivia. Venezuela. Madagaskar. Madagaskar. Süd-Amerika. West-Australien, Swan-Ri- Sarepta. [ver. 48 COLEOPTERA 13o. A. bipartitum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. ro, p. 1:60 (rgor-o2) (Ceratapion). 131. A. biseriatum, Desbrochers, Opusc. Vol. r, p. 26 (1874-75); Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 107 (1893-94) (Ceratapton). 132 A. blatta, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74, p. 136 (1905). 133. A. bomaense, Faust, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 43, p. 43r (1899) (Conapion). 134. A. bonariense Steinheil, Atti di Milan, p. ? (1872). 135. A. bonvouloiri, Brisout de Barneville, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 10 (5). p- 232 (1880). bonvouloiri, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 57 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 29 (1906) (Syzafion). 136. A. bouvieri, Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 54 (1904) ( Asfid- apion). 137. A. brachystegiae, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16. p. 13 (1908). 138. A. brasilianum, Wagner, ibidem. Vol. 19, p. 14 (1911). 139. A. breiti, Wagner, Bull. Soc. Sc. Ruman. Vol. 19, p. 244 (1910). 140. A. brenskei, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 200 (1894-95). bresnkei, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 3o (1902; | Protapion). var. nigricoxale, Schilsky, ibidem, p. 3o (1902). A. brevicebs, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 48 (1908) (Piesotrachelus). : 142. A. brevicorne, Gerstücker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 249 (1854). 143. A. brevihirtum, Nagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 26 (1908). 144. A. brevinasus, Wagner, ibidem, Vol. 19, p. 20 (1911) (Stenafion). 145. A. brevipes, Wagner, ibidem, Vol. r9, p. 25, t. 3, f. 3 (1911). 146. A. brevipilis, Desbrochers, Lé Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 83 (1894-95) ( PArisso- trichium). 147. A. brevirostre, Herbst, Káf. Vol. 7, p. 120, t. 103, f. 10 (1797). brevirostre, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 237, t. 2, f. 6 (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 259 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 250 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 379 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 60 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Kàf. Iur. Vol. 38, p. 65 (1901) (Perapion). interstitiale, Boheman, in Schünherr, Gen. Spec. Curc, Vol. 5, p. 443 (1839). BiorociE : Perris, Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 457 (1863). 148. A. óreviusculum, Rosenhauer, Tiere Andalusiens, p. 239 (1856). breviusculum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 153 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 151 (pars) (1894-95) (Exapton). 149. A. brisouti, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 306 (1895-96) (OmfAai- apion). 150. A. bruchi, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 78, p. 449 (1909). 151. A. bruleriei, Desbrochers, Opusc. Vol. r, p. 3o (1874-75); Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 160 (1894-95) (Catafion). 152. A. bruneo-nigrum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 78, p. 450 (1909). 153. A. brunuipes, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 386 (1839). brunnipes, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 141 (1864); Bedel, Faune Coll. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 365 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, 'p. i21 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 27 (1901) (Ceratapion). laevigatum, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 70 (1808). BrorociE : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 455 (1863). 154. A. buddebergi, Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 363 (1885). buddebergi, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 308 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 42 (1901) (OmpAalapion). I4I. Süd-Spanien. Libanon. Madagaskar. Congo : Boma. Salvador. See-Alpen, Cottische AI- pen, Schweiz, Mt. Grigna. Madagaskar. Mashonaland. Amer. mer., Brasilien. Rumiànien, Krimm. Morea, Kephallonia, Korfu, Türkei. Süd-Afrika, Mashonaland. Brasilien. Süd-Afrika, Mashonaland. Amer. mer. Amer. mer., Brasilien. Oran. Europa, Algier, Syrien, Si- birien. Andalusien. Süd-Frankreich, Algier. Argentinien. Syrien. Argentinien. Europa, Algier. Nassau. FAM. CURCULIONIDZE extinctum, Kraatz, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 174 (1888). Brorocir : Buddeberg. Nassau. Jahresbericht Vol. 44, p. 11 (1801); Vol. 46, p. 105 (1893). 155. A. bugnioni, Wagner, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. rr, p. 264 (1907) (Conafpion). 156. A. burdigaleuse, Nencker, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 6 (3), p. 237 (1858); L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 256 (1864). burdigalense, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 55 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 42 (1902) (Catapion). semicyaneum, Mulsant & Rey, Opusc. Vol. 9, p. 7 (1859). talpa. Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 185 (1870). zotrachelus). 158. A. caffrum, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 436 (1839) (Conafion ). fion). 157. A. caelebs, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 46 (1908) (.Pie- 159. A. catffense, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 200 (1894-95) (Prota- 160. A. calcaratipes, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 67, t. 2. f. 20 (1889). 161. A. calcavatum, Wollaston, Cat. Canar. Col. p. 310 (1864) (Ceratafrion). 162. A. canariense, Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 4, p (Lefidapion). "M mom) 163. A. candidum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 162 (1864). — Taf. 8, Eig. M0: candidum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4. p. 126 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 68 (1902) (Metapton). 164. A. canescens, Desbrochers, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. XXXIV (1889); Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 145 (1894-95) (Exapion). judaicum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 18 (1906); Wagner, Ent. Blátt., Vol. 4, p. 105 (1908). 165. A. cantabricum, Desbrochers, Heyden's Reise Spanien, p. 160 (1870); Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 273 (1895-96). cantabricum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 85 (1902). heydeni, Desbrochers, Petit. Nouv. Ent. Vol. rz, p. 3o (1869). 165a. A. cantianum, Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 33(1905-08) (Protapion). brevicorne, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 31 (1902). 166. A. carbonicolor, Wagner, Rev. Zool. Afric. Vol. 1, p. 257 (1911). 167. A. carduorum, Kirby, Trans. f. 19 (1808). I5innasooge ond 9149579725: 93 carduorum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 241 (1817); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 129 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 364 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 109 (1893-94) ; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 11 (19or1) (Ceratapton). alliaríae, Herbst, Kàf. Vol. 7, p. 104, t. 102, f. 3 (1797). basicorne, IMiger, Mag. Ins. Vol. 6, p. 307 (1807). conforme, Desbrochers, Opusc. Vol. 1, p. 27 (1874-75). cyaneum, De Geer, Ins. Vol. 5, p. 252 (1775). gibbirostre, Gyllenhal, Ins. Suec. Vol. 3, p. 52 (1813). var. galactitis, Wencker, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 6 (3), p. XXII (1858). vary. meridianum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r. p. 130 (1864). var. russtcum, Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 179 (1870). BroLociE : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 454 (1863); Frauenfeld, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol, 18, p. 159 (1868). 168. A. carinatum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. rr, p. 52 (1884). carinatum, Fall, ibibem, Vol. 25, p. 167 (1898). concoloratum, Smith, ibidem, Vol. rr, p. 52 (1884). 169. A. carinirostrum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 148 (1898). 49 'Transvaal. Elsass, Mittelmeergebiet, Kaukasus, Syrien. Natal. Süd-Afrika. Syrien. Guatemala. Hierro. Canarische Inseln. Süd-Frankreich, Spanien. Syrien. Spanien, England, Kent. Congo. Europa, Algier, Syrien, Asien. Mittelmeergebiet. Süd-Frankreich. Russland, Griechenland. 'TTexas, Californien, Penn- sylvanien, Florida. Arizona. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. Ph Ds Ph ons D COLEOPTERA . cariosum, Fairmaire, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 42, p. 488 (1398). . carpophagum, Lea, Proc. Linn.Soc. N.S.Wales,Vo0l.23, p.612(1895). . casperi, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 195 (1909). . castaneipes, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. r5. p. 254 (1854). . caucasicum, Hochhut, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Vol. 20, p. 463 (1847) (Catapion). . A. causticum, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 29, p. 187 (1885). causticum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 129 (1594-95; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 70 (1902); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr Vol. 3, p. 191 (1906-08) (Metapion). . A. cavatum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 15, p. 59 (1907-08) (Cerat- apion). . A. cavicebs, Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 20r (1870); Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 99 (1893-94); Vol. 6, p. 11 (1896-97) (Ceratapion). . A. cavifrons, Le Conte, Ent. Report, p. 53 (1857). cavifrons, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 63 (1884); Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 158 (1898). . A. centrale, Fall, rans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 151 (1898). - A. ceratum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74, p. 140 (1905). - A. cerdo, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 15, p. 235 (1854). cerdo, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 119 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 372 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 12 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 49 (1901) (Oxvystoma). dimidiatum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 2 (1896-97). var. consanguineum, Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 187 (1870); Le Frelon. Vol. 6, .p. 2 (1896-97): Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 34 (1906-08). A. ceutorhynchidium, Wagner, Soc. Ent. Vol. 24, p. 154 (1909-10). A. ceutorhynchoides, Wollaston, Cat. Canar. Col. p. 314 (1864). A. ceylonicum, Gerstücker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 258 (1554). A. chalceum, Gerstácker. ibidem, p. 240 (1854). chalceum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 63 (1889). A. chalybeicolor, Motschulsky, Etud. Ent. Vol. 7, p. 93 (1858). A. championt, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 52, t. 3, f. 4 (1889). A. chenocephalum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 10, p. 160 (1901-02) (Ceratapion). A. chevrolati, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 260 (1833). chevrolati, Nencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r. p. 249 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 281 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, P- 49 (1893-94) ; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaáf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 74 (1901) (Perapion). var. aenescens, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 74, var. » (1901). var. carbonarium, Everts, Tijdschr. v. Ent. Vol. 22, p. 60 (1879). BrioLocir : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 456 (1863). 190. 4. chilense, Wagner, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 766 (1909). 191. 192. angustatum, Philippi, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 25, p. 364 (1864). A. chirindanum, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 209 (1909) (Conapion). — Taf. 5, Fig. 5, 5a. A. chiriquense, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 7o (1889). 193. A. chrysocomum, Gerstücker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 267 (1854). rugirostre, Sharp, Biol. Centr.- Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 78 (1889). 194. A. chuparosae, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 141, t. 4, f. 16 (1898). Madagaskar. West-Australien. Deutsch Süd-West-Afrika. Orinoco. Kaukasus. Buchara, Afghanistan, Tur- kestan. Klein-Asien. Russland. Californien. Colorado, Britisch Colum Madagaskar. [bien. Europa. Algier, Asien. Corsica. Bayern, Ungarn, land, Sibirien. Nord-Russ- Kilimandjaro. Kap Teneriffa. Cevlon. Mexiko. Ost-Indien. Panama. Svrien. Frankreich, Italien, nien. Spa- Chile. Afrika, Mashonaland. Mexiko. Columbien. Mexiko, Californien. FAM. CUÜRCULIONIDZE 51 195. 4. cingalense, Walker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3), p. 263 (1859). Ceylon. 196. A. cionoides, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 5, t. t, f. 24, 6. Süd-Amerika, Brasilia. (1911) (Coelopterapion). 197. 4. clavifemoratum, Wagner (nom. nov.). Kilimandjaro. femoratum, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 194 (1909) (nec Sharp !) 198. 4. clavifes, Gerstücker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 272(1854)(Conapion). Honkong und Birma. 199. 4. coeleste, Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 47, p. 151 (1886). Chamba, Sind-Vallis. coeleste, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 96 (1902!; Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 196. 310 (1906-08). 200. A. cognatum, Hochhut, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Vol. 24. p. 14 (1851). Mittelmeergebiet, Kauka- arragonicum, Everts, Wien, Ent. Zeit. Vol. 3, p. 219 (1884); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 282 (1895-96) ; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 43, p. 43 (1906). viridicaerulans, Desbrochers, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 9 (6), p. CCNVI (1889); Vol. 60, p. 327 (1891). 201. A. collare, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 43, p. LVIII (1906) Japan, Vorder-Indien. ( Pseudopiezotrachelus). conicicolle, Schilsky. Küst.-Kraatz, Káf, Eur. Vol. 39, p. 32 (1902). unicolor, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 17, p. 129 (1874). 202. A. colon, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 57, t. 3, £. 5(1889). Mexiko. sus, Armenien, Syrien. 203. A. colonus, Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 54, p. 319 (1893). Venezuela. 204. A. coloradense, Fall. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 152 (1899). Colorado. 205. A. columbinum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 185, t. 4, f. 9 (1817). Europa, Algier, Syrien, columbinum, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 304 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille,. Vol. 1r. p. 229 (1864) ; Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 370 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 272 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 68 (1906). ? var. pedemontanum, Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 197(1870). Piemont. 206. A. commodum, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 154 (1898). Nord-Amerika, Montana. 207. A. comosum, Pascoe, in Lea, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 23, Australien. p. 614, 615 (1895) 208. A. compactum, Desbrochers, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 8 (6), p. 193 Mitteleuropa. (1888); Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 152 (1894-95). compactum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur Vol.38, p. 35 (1901)( Exafion). 'Transkaspien. genistae, auct. (nec Kirby !). : var. albofasciatum, Nagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 2, p. 379 (1904-06). Nieder-Oesterreich, 209 A. compressicolle, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 203(1909) Erythrea. ( Piezotrachelus). 210. A. compressipeune, Wagner, Rev. Zool. Afric. Vol. r, p. 258 (rg11) Congo. ( Piezotrachelus). 211. A. concinnum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 43, p. CXVIII Persien. (1906) (Omphalapion). puncticolle, Schilsky, ibidem, Vol. 42. p. 28 (1906). 2. A. condensatum, Lea, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales,Vol.23,p.607 (1898). N. S. Wales. 213. A. confertum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 63 (1884). Nord-Amerika, Florida. confertum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 154 (1895). 214. A. confine, Wagner, Rev. Zool. Afric. Vol. 1, p. 258 (1911) (Conafion). Congo. 215. A. confluens, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 62, t. i, f. 15. Europa, Syrien, Transkau- (1808). kasien. conflueus, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 140 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 365 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 119 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 26 (1901) (Ceratapion). roelofsi, Everts, Tijdschr. v. Ent. Vol. 22, p. 58, t. 5, f. a (1878). stolidum, Gylenhal, Ins. Suec. Vol. 4, p. 532 (1824); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1r, p. 259 (1833). var. astaticum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 120 (1893-94). Syrien. var, crenulatum, Desbrochers, ibidem, p. 120 (1893-94). Sarepta. var. subcreuulatum, Desbrochers, ibidem, Vol. 9, p. 79 (1899-1900). Moiceres. 52 COLEOPTERA 216. A. confusum, Desbrochers, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 60, p. LVII Oran, Algier. (1891); Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 154 (1894-95). confusum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 42. p. 14 (1906) (Exafion). 217. A. congruum, Lea, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 23, p. 609 (1898). West-Australien. 218. A. coniceps, Desbrochers. Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 27 (1896-97). Kaukasus. 219. A. conicicolle, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 270 (1854) Kap der guten Hoffnung. (Piezotrachelus). : 220. A. conicolle, Wagner, ibidem, Vol. 69, p. 64 (1908); Mém. Soc. Ent. Deutsch Ost-Afrika und .Belg. Vol. 16, p. 57 (1908). Mashonaland. 221. A. conjunctum, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 51, p. 278 (1907) Congo. (Pseudopiezotrachelus). 222. A. conmexum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 28 (1902) Turkestan, Süd-Russland, (Perapion). Saratow. 223. A. conocephalum, Desbrochers, Opusc. Vol. 1, p. 28 (1874-75); Le Syrien. Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 296 (1895-96). 224. A. consanguineum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 19 (1911). Nicaragua. 225. A. considerandum, Fáhraeus, Oefv. Vet.-Akad. Fórh. p. 239 (1871). Süd-Afrika. var, circumscriptum, Hartmann, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 82 (1897. var. combustum, Wagner, in Sjóstedt, Ergebn. Exped. Kilimandjaro, Vol. 1, Kilimandjaro. (Teil 7 (9), p. 97 (1908) 226. A. consimile, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 51, p. 271 (1907). Mittc]- und Süd-Afrika. 227. A. consóbrinum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 45 (1908) Süd-Afrika. ( Piezotrachelus). 228. A. consors, Desbrochers, Opusc. Vol. 1, p. 31 (1874-75); Le Frelon, Corsica. Sardinien. Vol. 4, p. 165 (1894-95). consors, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 44 (1906) (Catapion). var. solariorum, Wagner, Ent. Blátt. Vol. 4, p. 105 (1908). Algier. " 229. A. constricticolle, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 59, t. 2, Mexiko. f. 21 (1889). 230. A. coustriclum, Hartmann, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 84 (1897). Deutsch Ost-Afrika. 231. A. contiguum, Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc Ent. Fr. p. 55 (1904) Madagaskar. (Aspidapion). 232. A. contractum, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15. p. 279 (1854). Aragua. 233. A. contrarium, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 78, p. 451 Argentinia. (1909). pauperculum, Beguin-Billecocq, ibidem, p. 462 (1909); Vol.8o,p.133(1911). Argentinia. 234. A. contusum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 6r (1884). Nord-Amerika : Dakota. contusum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 160 (1898). 235. A. convergens, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 28 (1911). Brasilia. 236. A. coracellum, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25 p. 115 (1898). Columbien. 237. A. cordatum, Smith, ibidem, Vol. 11, p. 84 (1854). Californien. cordatum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 153, t. 4, f. 3 (1898). 238. A. corniculatum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 129, t. 4, f. 22a-c (1817). Europa. corniculatum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 40 (19or) (Exapion). ^ difficile, auct. (nec Herbst!). 239. A. corsicum, Desbrochers, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. CXCIII (1888); Le Mittelmeergebiet. Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 251 (1895-96). corsicum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 40 (1906) (Catapion). 240. A. corvinum, l'aust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 5o, p. 224 (1889) (Synapion). Japan. 241. A. coxale, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 134 (1898). Carolina, Californien. 242. A. craccae, Linné, Syst. Nat. (ed. 12), p. 606 (1767). Europa, Algier, Asien. craccae, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 147, t. 2, f. 2a, 6 (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1. p. 252 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 118 (1864); Bedel. Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 372 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 9 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 48 (1001) (Oxystoma). JANI CURCULIONIDZE ruficorne, Herb-t, Kàf. Vol. 7, p. 110, t. 102, f. 8 (1797). viciae, De Geer, Ins. Vol. 5, p. 233, t. 6, f. 31-36 (1775). BrioLocis : De Geer, ibidem, p. 233, t. 6, f. 31-36 (1775); Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4). p. 452 (1863). - A. crassicolle, Motschulsky, Etud. Ent. Vol. 7, p. 91 (1858). . A. crassinasum, Le Conte, Ent. Report. p. 53 (1557). . A. crassipes, Kirsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 18, p. 414 (1874). . A. crassirostre, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, P- 446 (1839). . A. crassiusculum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4. p. 149 (1894-95). crassiusculum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 22 (1906) (Exapion . A. crassum, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 165, t. 5, f. 11,11a (1898). 249. A. credulum, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 287 (1898). 250. A. cretacetcolle, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 65, t. 2, f. 25 (1889). 251. A. cretaceum, Rosenhauer, Tiere Andalusiens, p. 240 (1856). cretaceum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 161 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 137 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38. p. 92 (1901) (.Lepidaf ton). 252. A. crinitum, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 5r, p. 380 (1907). 253. A. crolalariae, Fabricius, Syst. Eleuth. Vol. 2, p. 424 (1802). crotalariae, Schónherr, Gen. Spec Curc. Vol. t, p. 251 (1833). 254. A. cruentatum, Walton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. 13, p. 452 (1844). 256. A. cupreomicans, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 36 (1911) (Aplemonus). 257. A. cuprescens, Mannerheim, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Vol. 16, p. 289 (1843). 258. A. curticorne, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 127 (1898), 259. A. curtivostre, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2. p. 230 (1817). curtirostre, Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 380 (1885) ; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 62 (1901) (Perafion). aquitinum, hoheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Cur. Vol. 5, p. 440 (1839). brevtrostre, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 68 (1808). humile, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 232, t. 3, f. 1 (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 287 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol r, p. 260 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 62 (1893-94) medianum, "Thomson, Skand. Col. Vol. 7, p. 48 (1865). hlebejum, Stephens, Ill. Brit. Vol. 4, p. 172 (1831). sedi, Gyllenhal, Fauna Suec. Vol. 4, p. 545 (1827). tenellum, Sahlberg, Fauna Fenn. Vol. 2, p. 18 (1834). BroLociE : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 461 (1863); Rübsaamen, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 33, p. 65 (1889). 260. A. curtisi, Stephens, Ill. Brit. Vol. 4, p. 169 (1831). curtisi, Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 377 (1885); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Iur. Vol. 39. p. 95 (1902). waltoni, Stephens, Manual, p. 259 (1839); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 240 (1864). 261. A. curtulum, Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 203 cruentatum, Wencker. L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 244 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 383 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 26 (1893-94); Schilsky, Kuüst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 57 (1gor) (Erythrapion). - A. crusculum, Faust, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 43, p. 433 (1899). crusculum, Wagner, in Sjostedt, Ergebn. Exped. Kilimandjaro, Vol. r, Teil 7 (9), p. 104 (1908). (1870); Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 162 (1894-95). curtulum, Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 378 (1885); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 39 (1902) (Catapron). Ost-Indien. Californien. Peru. Süd-Afrika. Frankreich. Virginia Indien. Guatemala. Spanien, Portugal, "Tunis. IKapland. Süd-Amerika. Algier, England, —|Faroer-Inseln , Deutschland , Oester - reich, Frankreich. Congo, Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Erythrea. Sitkha. Texas. Europa, Klein-Asien, Sibi- rien, England, Frankreich, Deutschland , reich, Schweiz. Mittelmeergebiet. Oester - 54 COI/EOPHIEERA curtisi, Wencker (nec Walton). L'Abeille. Vol. 1. p. 178 (1864). var. frontale, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4. p. 162 (1894-05/. 262. A. curvipilosum, Wagner, Ent. Blátt. Vol. 4. p. ro2 (1908) (Lefidapion). 263. A. curvirostre, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 264 (1833). — Taf. 8, Fig. 4. curvirostre, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 170 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 270 (1595-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 53 (1901) (Alaceatron;. BioLoGrE : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 454 (1863); Wagner, Zeitschr. Wiss. Ins.-Biol. Vol. 14 (5), p. 55 (1909). 264. A. cyanellum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 284 (1895-96). 265. A. cyauescens, Gyllenhal, in. Schónherr. Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 306 (1833). cyanescens, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 233 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 236 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 42. p. 45 (1906). capiomonti, Wencker, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 6 (3), p. 105 (1858). BrorociE : Gerber, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 208 (1902). 266. A. cyladoides, Hartmann, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 78 (1906). cyladoides. Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 58 (1908) (Cozapion). 267. A. cylindricolle, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5. p. 380 (1839). cylindricolle, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 178 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 281 (1895-96); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 23 (1906-08) (Ceratafion). 268. A. cyliniricum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 216 (1895-96) (Catapion). 269. A. cylindriforme, Wagner, Mém. Soc Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 10(1908). 270. A. cylindrirostre, Wagner. ibidem, p. 52 (1908) (Priezotrachelus). 271. A. datmio, Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. l.ond. p. 296 (1891). 272. A. damryi, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3. p. 111 (1893-94). damryr, Schilsky. Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 3o, p. 8 (1902) (Ceratapion). 273. A. dauricum, Faust, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross Vol. 22, p. 176 (1888). dauricum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5. p. 297 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 97 (1902); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 197 (1906-08). 274. A. davidis, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 53 (1889). 275. A. decipiens, Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 132 (1911). languidum, Beguin-Billecocq, ibidem, p. 453 (1909). 276. A. decolor, Desbrochers, Opusc. Vol. zr, p. 27 (1874-75); Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 113 (1893-94). decolor, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz. Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 15 (1901) (Ceratafion). var, brevithorax, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 12 (1896-07). 277. A. decoloratum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. r1, p. 52 (1884). decoloratum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 166, t. 5, f. 13 (1898). 278. A. defensum, Faust, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 20, p. 177 (1886). defensum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 251 (1895-96); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 189 (1906-08) (Perapion). 279. A. delagrangei, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 83, 173 (1894-95) delagrangei, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 48 (1902); Wagner, Ent. Blátt. Vol. 4, p. 105 (1908) (Catapion). 280. A. deletum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 38 (1906). 281. A. delicatulum, Wollaston, Cat. Mad. Col. p. 120 (1857); Cat. Canar. Col. p. 3o7 (1864). delicatulum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 263 (1864) (Taeniapion). 282. A. dentipes, Gerstücker, Stett Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 260 (1854). dentipes, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 188 (1894-95); Wencker, Syrien. "Teneriffa. Europa, Algier, Klein- Asien, Sibirien, Syrien. Armenien. Süd-Frankreich, Spanien, Algier. '"Transvaal, Rhodesien. 'Taurien. Oesterreich, Nord-Deutsch- land. Mashonaland. Mashonaland. Japan. Mittelmeergebiet. Daurien. Panama. Argentinien. Syrien. Kaukasus. Virginia, Columbia, zona, Carolina. Ari- 'Turkestan. Syrien, Griechenland. Dschilarik. Canarische Inseln. Mittelmeergebiet. FAM. CURCULIONIDZE 55 L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 161 (1864); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 78 (1901) (Protapton). armiterum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 190 (1864). tubicen, Wencker, ibidem, p. 200 (ex parte) (1864). 283. A. dentirostre, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 236 (1854). Andalusien. dentirostre, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 128 (1864); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Kaáf. Eur. Vol. 39. p. 7 (1902) (Ceratafion). 284. A. denudatum, Deguin-Billecocq. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 56 (1905) Madagaskar. (Aspidapion). 285. A4. derasum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4. p. 53 (1889). Guatemala. 286. A. derelictum, Desbrochers. Le Frelon, Vol. 15. p. 85 (1907-08). Russisch Armenien. 287. A. desbordesi, Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. r31 (1911). Brasilien. 288. A. desolatum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Sol. Vol. rr, p. 48 (1884). Florida, Georgia. desolatum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 120, t. 2, f. 8 (1898). 289. A. detritum, Mulsant & Rey, Opusc. Vol. rr, p. 3 (1859). Mittel-Europa, Mittelmeer- detritum, Nencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 139(1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, gebiet, Kaukasus, Syrien, Vol. 3, p. 117 (1893-94) ; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, Algier. p. 23 (1901) (Ceratapion). ragusae, Everts, Tijdschr. v. Ent. Vol. 22, p. 58 (1879). ? var. subsquamiferum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 118 E -94). 290. A. difficile, Herbst, Kat. Vol. 7, p. 114, t. 103, f. 1 (1797). — Taf. 6, Nord- und Mittel-Europa. Estes dificile, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 108, t. 2, f. 9 (1817); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 152 (ex parte) ux Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 360 (ex parte) 1885); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 40 (1901); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 30 (1906-08) (Exapion). germanicum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 146 (1894-95). kiesenwetteri, Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 204 (1870); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 148 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 11 (1902). 291. A. difforme, Ahrens, Faune Ins. Eur. Vol. 4, t. 7 (1817). — Taf. 4, Europa. Syrien. Fig. 6, 6a. diforme, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 3, p. 46 (1818); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 192 (1864); Bedel, Faune Coll. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6. p. 367 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 184 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 76 (1901) (Protapion). tibiae, Desbrochers, Assoc. Sc. Bourbonn. p. 161 (1866). BrorocrE ; Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 458 (1863). 292. A. dilatatum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 56 (1884). Arizona. dilatatum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 164 (1898. 293. A. dilaticolle, Motschulsky. Etud. Ent. Vol. 7, p. 92 (1858). Indien. 294. A. dilatifes, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 220 (1895-96). Kaukasus. dilatipes, Schilsky. Küst -Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 43, p. 3 (1906) (Catapion). 295. A. disjunctum, Wagner, in Sjóstedt. Ergebn. Exped. Kilimandjaro, Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Vol. zr, Teil 7 (9). p. 102 (1908) (Piezotrachelus). 296. A. disbar, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 18r, t. 3, f. 10a, 0 (1817). Europa, Algier, Syrien. dispar, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 309 (1833); Wencker, FOND Vol. r, p. 170 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5 . 307 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 44 oo) ) (OmpAalapion). beuthini, Hoffmann, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 35, p. 208 (1874). var. corcyreum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol.43, p. 2 (1906); Wagner, — Corfu, Kephalonia. Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 208 (1906-08). 297. A. disparatum, Sharp, Biol. Centr. Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 75 (1889). Guatemala. 298. A. disparipes. Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25. p. 169 (1898). Neu-Mexiko. 299. A. disparirostre, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 21 (1908); Süd-Afrika. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53. p. 210 (1909). 3oo. A. dissimile, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 171, t. 4. f. 18a-4 (1817). Europa, Klein-Asien. dissimile, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 404 1839); Wencker, 56 COLEOPTERA L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 194 (1864); Bedel, Faune Coll. Bass. Seine, Vol.67 p. 367 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 185/1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 77 (1901) (Protafion). lheterocerum, ' Thomson, Scand. Col Vol. 7, p. 62 (1865). Jor. A. dissimilibes, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4. p. 49 (1889). Guatemala. 3o2. A. distans, Desbrochers, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. XXXIII (1889). Europa. N distans, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 19 (1901) (Ceratafion). caullet, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 97 (1893-94). caullei, Wencker, Bull, Soc. Ent. Fr. p. XXI (ex parte) (1858) ; L'Abeille, Vol. 1. p. 135 (1864). penetrans, Bedel (nec Germar), Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 364 (1865). subconicicolle, Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol.3, p. 199 (1870); Sarepta. Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 96 (1893-94) (Ceratapion); Vol. 16, p. 98 (1908). var. spathula, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol, 3, p. 98 (1893-94). 303. A. distincticolle, Desbrochers, Mitt, Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 197 Spanien. (1870); Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 26 (1893-94). distincticolle, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 26 (1906) ( Erythrapion). 304. A. distinctivostre, Desbrochers, Le Frelon. Vol. 3, p. 40 (1893-94). Corsica, Sardinien, Sicilien. distinctirostre, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 96 (1o01) (Taeniapion). 305. A. divergens, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. r9. p. 21 (rgr1i) Süd-Amerika. (Stenapion). 3o6. A. diversipunctum, Wagner, ibidem, p. 45, t. 4,f.6 (1911) (Piesotrachelus). | Deutsch Ost-Afrika. 3o7. A. diversistriatum, Wagner, ibidem, Vol. 16, p. 54 (1908) ( Piezotrachelus). | Natal. 308. A. dolosum, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 148 (1898). Arnzona. 3o9. A. dongollanum, Wagner, Soc. Ent. Vol. 24, p. 154 (1909-10). Gebirge Dongollo. 310. 4. doríae, Desbrochers, Le Frelon. Vol. 5. p. 248 (1895-96). Persien. 311. A. dromedarius, Vairmaire, Notes Leyd. Mus. Vol. 23, p. 75 (1901) Madagaskar. (Aplemonus). 312. A. dubium, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 274 (1895-96). Spanien. 313. A. ebeninum, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. g. p. 55, t. 1, f. t1 Europa. (1808). ebeninum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 197, t. 4. f. 3 (1817); Schónherr, Gen, Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 288 (1833) ; Vol. 5, p. 419 (1839) ; Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 208 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass, Seine, Vol. 6, P. 370 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 248 (1805-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39. p. 13 (1902) (Synafion). kunzei, Boheinan, in Schónberr, Gen, Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 419 (1839/. 314. A. edentctum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 104 (1893-94). Algier. edentatum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 6 (1906) (Ceratapion). 315. A. egregium, Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3. p. 204 (1906-08) "Turkestan. (Ceratapion). - 316. A. elegantulum, Gevmar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 3, p. 48 (1818). Europa. Algier, Syrien, . elegantulum, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol, 1, p. 296 (1833); Wencker, Sibirien. L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 168(1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6. p. 369 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon. Vol. 5, p. 293 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Küf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 37 (1902); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 309 (1906-08). coracinum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 290 (1833). incisum, Boheman, in Schónherr, ibidem, Vol. 5, p. 428 (1839). laticolle, Perris, Land. Exc. Vol. 3, p. 55 (1857). neglectum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 253 (1833). pineae, Rosenhauer, 'T'icre Andalusiens, p. 244 (1856). tricarinatum. Waltl, Reise Spanien, Vol. 2, p. 76 (1835). Brorocrs : Dietrich, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 18, p. 137 (1857); Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 461 (1863). 317. A. ellipticum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 51 (1884). Nebraska, Texas. ellipticum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 120 (1898;. IS NIS COPI OUIET ORNIIIDIS 318. A. elongatissimum, Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 198 (1870); Le F'relon, Vol. 4, p. 156 (1894-95). elongatissimum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 31 (r19ot) (Exapion). 319. A. elongatulum, Desbrochers, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 60, p.324 (1891); Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 147 (1894-95). clongatulum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf Eur. Vol. 38, p. 38 (1901); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3. p. 33 (1906-08) (Exapion). longulum, Desbrochers, Opusc. Vol. r, p. 3o (1874). var. liguricum, Solari, Ann. Mus. Stor. Nat. Genova, Vol. 42, p. 101 (1905); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 311 (1906-08); Bull. Soc. Sc. Ruman. Vol. ro, p. 947 (1910). var, viltigerum, Wagner, Bull. Soc. Sc. Ruman. Vol. 19, p. 947 (1910). 320. A. elongatum, Gexmar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2. p. 214. t. 4, f. 7 (1817). elongatum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r. p. 182 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 378 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 218 (1895 96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 45 (1902) (Catapion). incanum, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec Curc. Vol. 5, p. 414 (1839. millum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, ibidem, Vol. r, p. 277 (1833). BrorLocrE : Frauenfeld, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 16, p. 964 (1866). 321. A. elutipes, Fall, Trans. Amer Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 167 (1898). 322. A. emacitpes, Vall, ibidem, p. 166, t. 5, f. ro, 10a (1898). 323. A. ensirostre, Gerstücker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 251 (1854). columbianum, Faust, ibidem, Vol. 54, p. 319 (1893). 324. A. epicum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 72 (1889). 325. A. erinaceum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 34 (1908). 326. A. errabundum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 72 (1889). 327. A. erraticum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc Vol. 11. p. 44 (1884). erraticnm, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 113, t. 2, f. 1, 1a (1898). esti Litum, Smith, ibidem, Vol. 11, p. 47 (1884). 328. A. ervi, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 23 (1808). ervi, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 138, t. 3, f. 13a, b (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. ri, p. 300 (1833); Wencker, IL,Abeille, Vol; 1, p.217 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 374 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 237 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 57 (1906). lathyri, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 24 (1808). ophthalmicum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 237 (1895-96). Biorocir : Dietrich, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 18, p. 137 (1857); Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 460 (1863). 329. A. erythraceum. Beguin-Billecocq, Bull.Soc. Ent. Fr.Vol.74,p.143(1905). 33o. A. erylhreanum, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 202 (1909) (Piezotrachelus). 331. A. erythropterum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4. p. 5o, t. 3, f. 2 (1889). 332. A. excellens, Wagner. Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 205 (1906-08). 333. A. excisum, Wagner, Mém, Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 40 (1911). 334. A. exiguum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74, p. 158 (1905). 335. A. eximium, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann.S. Afric. Mus. Vol.5(8), p.432(1910). 336. A. exophthalmum, Wencker, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3, (4). p. 179(1863). 337. A. extensum, Smith. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11. p. 6r (1884). extensum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 170 (1898). 338. A. externepunctatum, Desbrochers, Opusc. Vol. 1, p. 3o (1874-75); Le Frelon. Vol. 3, p. 54 (1893-94). externepunctatum, Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 206 (1906-08) ( Perapion). n martjanowi, Faust, Hor Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 25, p. 413 (1891); Wagner, Münch, Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 188 (1906-08). Spanien, Portugal. Europa. Ligurien, Insel Elba. Rumànien, Russland. Europa. Californien. Columbien, Michigan. Columbien, Brasilien. Central-Amerika. Mocambique. Mexiko. "Texas. Europa, Algier, Syrien, Si- birien. Madagaskar. Erythrea. Mexiko. Buchara. Mashonaland. Madagaskar. Cap Town. Brasilien. Dakota. Sarepta. Dobrutscha, Sibi- rien. 58 COLEOPTERA 339. A. externestrialum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 291 (1895-96). ^ Kaukasus, Turkestan. Bu- exteynestriatum, Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 310 (1906-05). chara. 340. A. fabri/e. Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 339 (1899). Deutsch Ost-Afrika. 341. A. facetum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen Spec. Curc, Vol. 5, p. 431 Europa, Asien. (1839). facetum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1. p. 169 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Fre- lon, Vol. 5. p. 294, (1895-96); Wagner. Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 305 (1906-08). perspicax, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 221 (1864). e sundevalli, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 435 (1839; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 72 (1906). 342. A. fairmairei, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 241 (1864). Tanger. 343. A. faldermanni, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, Brasilien. p. 370 (1839). 344. A. fallaciosum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon. Vol. 1. p. 107 (1892); Vol.3, Algier. p. 113 (1893-94). fallaciosum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 4(1906); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 26 (1906-08) (Ceratapion |. 345. A. fallax. Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 8(2), p. 3yo Süd-Afrika. (1845). fallax, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 5 (1908) (Piezotrachelus). 346. A. falli, Wagner, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 767 (1909). Arizona. hyriforme, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. rr, p. 57 (1884); Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 173, t. 5, f. 17 (1898). : 347. A. familiare, Faust, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 43, p. 43o (1889). Central- und Süd- Afrika. familiare, Nagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 59 (1908) Conapion). 348. A. fasciculatum, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 8 (2), Port Natal. p. 370 (1845) a 349. A. fastidiosum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ànn. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74, p. 157 Madagaskar. (1905). 350. A. fausti, Desbrochers, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 33 (1889); Le Frelon, Kaukasus. Vol. 3, p. 13 (1893-94). fausti, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 19 (1902) (Oxystoma). 351. A. femorale, Fabricius, Syst. Eleuth. Vol. 2, p. 423 (1802). Süd-Amerika. femorale, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 410 (1839). 352. A. femoratum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4. p. 85, t. 3, Mexiko. f. 26, 26a (1889) (Heterafion). 353. A. ferrugineum, Sharp, ibidem, p. 79 (1889). Guatemala. 354. A. fibulifes, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.Vol. 25, p. 172, t.5, f.18(1898). Californien. 355. A. figinii, Wagner. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 200 (1909) (Prezo- Erythrea. trachelus). 356. A. filicorne, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 235 (1864). Südliches Mittel- Europa, filicorne, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 241 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.- Mittelmeergeb!et. Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 94 (1902). decorum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 238 (1864). 357. A. filibes, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 73 (1889). Guatemala. 358. A. filivostre, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 26 (1808). Europa, Algier, Syrien, ; filirostre, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 177 (1817); Schónherr, Gen Spec. 'Turkestan, Sibirien. a Curc. Vol. 1, p. 305 (1833) ; Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 219 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol, 6, p. 369 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 183 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 9o (1901) (Protapion). 1 morio, Germar, Mag Ent. Vol. 2, p. 178, t. 4, f. 5 (1817). s : BroLocrE : Tomlin, Ent. Mag. Vol. 43, p. 276 (1907). 359. A. filum, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 163, t. 5, f. 9g, ga Californien. 1 (1898). ] 360. A. finitimum, Fall, ibidem, p. 116, t. 2, f. 6, 15 (1898). Massachusetts, Michigan. FAM. CURCULIONIDZE 361. A. fissile, Faust, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 22, p. 175 (1888). fissile, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 245 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 5o (1902); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 197 (1906-08) (Catapton). A. flavicorne, Fabricius, Syst. Eleuth. Vol. 2, p. 427 (1802). flavicorne, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 403 (1839). . A. flavicoxale, Nagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 37 (1911). . A. flavicrus, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 9, p. 80 (1900-01). flavicrus, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 12 (1902) (Exafron). 4. flavimanum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Nello ite p. 276 (1833). flavimanum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 147 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 378 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 170 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 46 (1902) (Catapton). picicorne, Stepens, Manual, p. 257 (1839). 362. 365. var. latithorax, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 171 (1894-95). torquatum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 148 (1864). uhagonis, Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 195 (1870). var. yav. Brorocie : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 457 (1863). . A. flavinasus, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 15, p. 86 (1907-08) (Exapion). . A. flavipes, Paykull, Monogr. Curc. p. 143 (1792). flavipes, Herbst, Káf. Vol. 7, p. 106, t. 102, f. 5 (1797); Kirby. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 37 (1808); Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2. p. 158, t. 4, f. 13 (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1. p. 280 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 206 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 206 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 81 (1901) (Protafion). dichroum, Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 209 (1885). lederi, Kirsch, Schneider & Leder, Kaukas. Káferfauna, p. 307 (1878). apicirostre, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 209 (1894-95) (Uebergang zu lederi G). qr. ab. bergrothi, Desbrochers (Faust in litt.), ibidem, p. 206 (1894-95). var. coxale, Desbrochers, ibidem, p. 207 (1894-95) (leder? 9 j. ab. maculicoxis, Desbrochers, ibidem, Vol. 6, p. 23 (1896-97) (Ueberpang zu lederi 9). A. flavofemoratum, Herbst, Kàf. Vol. 7, p. 115, t. 103, f. 2 (1797). — Taf. 4, Fig. I. flavofemoratum, Germar, Mag. Ent Vol. 2, p. 163, t. 4, f. 10 (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. rz, p. 276 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 160 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 375(1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 33 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 3o, p. 60 (1902) (Kalcapion). boops, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 396 (1839). 368. croceifemoratum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, ibidem, p. 396 (1839). croceifemoratum, Kiesenwetter, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 8, p. 288 (1864). scabiosum, Weise, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 154 (1889). var, viridimicans, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 33 (1893-94). 369. A. flexipenue, Wagner, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 69, p. 88 (1908) (Conapion). 370 A. flexirostre, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 205 (1909). 371. A. flexuosum, Wagner, ibidem, Vol. 51, p. 275 (1907) (Cvnafron). 372. A. floridanum, Smith. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. ri, p. 49 (1884). floridanum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 118 (1895). 373. A. foederatum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. r6, p. 8 (1908). 374. A. formosum, Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 45 (1905). 375. A. foruicatum, Wagner, in Sjóstedt, Ergebn. Exped. Kilimandjaro, Vol. zr, Teil 7 (9), p. ror (1908) (Prezotrachelus). 376. A. fortipunctum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 9 (1908). 77. A. fortirostre, Wagner, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 69, p. 74 (1908). Sibirien. Süd-Amerika. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. 'Tanger. Europa, Klein-Asien Spanien, Frankreich. Spanien, Frankreich. Süd-Russland. Europa, Aleier, Asien. Europa, Algier, Mittel- und Nord-Asien. Oran, Alpier. Abessinien. Britisch Süd-Afrika. Süd-Afrika. Florida. Mashonaland. Madagaskar. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Mashonaland. Mittel- und Süd-Afrika. 60 COLEOPTERA 378. A. fossicolle, Desbrochers, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 9 (6), p. XXXIV (1889); Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 122 (1893-94) (Ceratafion). 379. A. fossulatum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 15 (1866-97) (Cerat- afion). 380. A. foveatum, Desbrochers. ibidem, Vol. 12, p. 55 (1904). 381. A. foveicolle, Lea, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 23. p. 610 (1898). 382. A. foveirostre, Wagner, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 69, p. 77 (1908). 383. A. frater, Desbrochers, Mitt Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 200 (1870); Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 102 (1893-94). frater, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 6 (1902) (Ceratapton). 384. A. fraudulentum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col, Vol, 4. p. 74 (1889). 385. A. fronto, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 55 (1908) (Pieso- trachelus). 386. A. frumentarium, Paykull, Monogr. Curc. p. 139 (1792). frumentarium, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 283(1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 245 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 25 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 56 (1901) (Erythrapion). haematodes, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 76 (1808) ; Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 383 (1885). var. occultans, Faust, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 29, p. 244 (1885). BrorocrE : Laboulbéne, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 2 (6), p. 567, t. 13, f. 23, 24 (1862); Schlechtendal, Zeitschr. f. Naturw. Vol. 57, p. 492 (1884). 387. A. fryi, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 4 (1911) (Coelo- Bterapion). 388. A. fuliginosum, Wagner, ibidem, Vol. 16, p. 42 (1908); Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 212 (1909) (Prezotrachelus). — Taf. 5, Fig. 7a. 389. A. fulvicorne, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 29 (1911). 39o. A. fulvirostre, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 274 (1833). fulvircstre, Nencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 184 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col, Bass. Seiue, Vol. 6, p 366 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 34 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 3o, p. 56 (1902) (Pseudapion). atritarse, Gylenhal, in Schónherr, Gen Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 277 (1833). fortipubens, Reitter, Wien, Ent. Zeit. Vol. 20, p. 226 (19o1). Biorogie : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4). p. 458 (1863). 391. A. fulvum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 154 (1893-94). fuluum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 38. p. 33 (1901) (Exafion). 392. A. fumitarse, Fall, Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 162, t. 5,1. 6(1898). 393. A. funereum, Fall, ibidem, p. 123, t. 2, f. 20 (1898). 394. A. furtivum, Fall, ibidem, p. 154 (1898). 395. A. fuscimanum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 61 (1898). 396. A. fuscipenne, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg Vol 9D 7: 6 Er RED (1911) (Coelopterapion). 397. A. fuscipes, Wagner, ibidem, p. 49. t. 5, f. 7 (1911) (.Piezotrachelus). 398. A. fuscirostre, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 131 (1775). fuscirostre, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 125, t. 2, f. 8a (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. t, p. 270 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 155 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 361 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 155 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 3o (1901) (Exapioz). albovitiatum, Herbst, Füessly's Arch. Vol. 4, p. 74 (1784). melanopum, Marsham, Ent. Brit. Vol. r, p. 248 (1802). venustum, Herbst, Col. Vol. 6, p. 163 (1795). var. flachi, Nagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 204 (1906-08). Brorocrs : Buddeberg, Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Nat. Vol. 37, p. 86 (1884). 399. A. fuscitarse, Wagner, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 59, p. 82 (1908). Syrien. Klein-Asien. Kaukasus. West-Australien. West-Afrika : Togo. Süd-Russland , Turkestan. IKaukasus, Panama. Kapland. Europa, Klein - Asien. Algier, Algier. Amer. mer., Brasilia. Mittel- und Süd-Afrika. Brasilien. Südliches Mittel- und Süd- Europa, Algier, Klein- Asien, Tibet, Turkestan, Syrien. Corsica, Sardinien. Texas. Californien. Nord-Amerika, Georgien. Guatemala. Amer. mer., Brasilia. Angola. Europa, Algier, Syrien. Portugal. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. 400. 4OI. 402. 403. 404. 405. 406. 497. 408. 409 - 410. AIT. 412. 413. ATA. 412. FAM. CURCULIONIDZE A. fusconitidum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 23. t. 2, F. 4 (1911). — Taf. 5, Fig. 1O. A. fuscosuturale, Lea, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 5. Wales, Vol.23, p.6r1( 1898). A. fuscum, Waguer, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 69, p. 93 (1908). A. gagatinum, Motschulsky, Etud. Ent. Vol. 7, p. 92 (1858). A. gallaecianum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 138 (1894-95) (Lepidapion). A. gallinula, Gerstácker, Arch. f. Naturg. Vol. 37 (1), p. 74 (1871). A. ganglbaueri, Wagner, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 69,.p. 6r (1908). A. gaudiale, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 29 p. 189 (1885). gaudiale, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 164 (1894-95) ; Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol.39, p. 53 (1902); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. ro1 (1906-08) (Metapzon). korbi, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 99 (1901). otiosum, Faust, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 25, p. 414 (1801). A. gavoyi. Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. r2, p. 53 (1904). A. gelidum. Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 29, p. 188 (1885). gelidum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 128 (1894-95) ; Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 71 (1902); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 191 (1906-08) (Metapion). A. geminum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 23 (1908). A. gemulum, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 29, p. 186 (1885). gemulum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 249 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 3o, p. 40 (1902); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 193 (1906-08) (Cataptoz). soricinum, Desbrochers. Le Frelon, Vol. 2, p. 108 (1892-93). mus, Desbrochers, ibidem. Vol. 6, p. 25 (1896-97). A. generosum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 41 (1911). A. genislae, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 1o, p. 347 (1811). genistae, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 127 (1817) ; Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine. Vol. 6, p. 360 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 150 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 34 (19or) (Exapion). bivittatum, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 259 (1854). funiculare, Mulsant, Opusc. Vol. 9, p. 11 (1859). BiorociE: Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 458 (1863). A. geymanum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 75 (1889). A. germari, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 367 (1839). germari, Wagner, Mém., Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16. p. 6 (1908) (Prezotrachelus). . A.gerstücheri, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr.p.233 (1895) (Prezotrachelus). pullus, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 8 (2), p. 368 (1845); Wagner, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 767 (1909). . gestroi, Faust, Aun. Mus. Stor. Nat. Genova, Vol. 4o, p. 39 (1899). E . A. gibbiceps, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 91 (1893-84) (Ceratafion). Zi . gibbipenne, Boheman, in Schónherr, Mantiss. sec. Curc. p. 7 (18647). gibbipenne, Lacordaire, Gen. Col. Vol. 6, p. 540 (1863); Fáhreus, Oefv. Vet. Akad. Fórh. Vol. 28, p. 241 (1871) (Aplemonus). . A. gibbosulum, Beguin- Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.Vol. 76, p. 34(1907). 5 . A. gibbosum, Herbst, Kàaf. Vol. 7, p. 105, t. 102, f. 4 (1797). gibbosum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 182 (1817). . A. gilvifes, Gemminger, Col. Hefte, Vol. 8 (1871). flavimanum, Motschulsky, Etud. Ent. Vol. 7, p. 94 (1858). . A. gilvirostre, Wagner, Mém.Soc. Ent. Belg.Vol.19, p.26,t. 3, f. 4 (1911). . A. glabratum, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 275 (1854). . A. glabrirostre, Nagner, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 767 (1909). nitidirostre, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. l'r. Vol. 74. p. 134 (1905). absurdum, Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc, Ent. Fr. p. 342 (1909). 61 Brasilien. Australien. Deutsch Ost-Afrika, Rhode- Indien. [sien. Spanien. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Afghanistan, Buchara, Tur- kestan. Süd-Frankreich. Alexander- Gebirge, kestan. 'Tur- Natal. Buchara, Turkestan. Deutsch Ost- Afrika. England, Frankreich, Ita- lien, Portugal, Spanien, Algier. Mexiko. Caffernland. Süd-Afrika. Neu-Guinea., Persien. Natal. Madagaskar. Indien. Indien. Süd-Amerika. Columbien. Madagaskar. 62 426. 427. 429. . A. gnarum, Faust, Oefv. Finska Vet. Akad. Fórh. Vol. 33, p. 54 (1891). 433. 434. 435. 436. 497: 438. 439. 440. 441. 42 443. 444- 443. 446. 447- 448. 449- COLEOPTERA A. globosum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 47 (1908) (Piezotrachelus). A. globulipenne, Wagner, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. r1, p. 262 (1907); Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 58 (1908) (Rhinapion). — Taf. 5, Fig. 4. 4a. . A. globulum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 6, t. r, f. 3 (1911) (Coelofterapton). A. glyphicum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 52 (1889). gnarum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 269 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39. p. 21 (1902); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 194 (1906-08). . A. gracile. Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 268 (1854) (Conapion). . A. gracilicolle, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p- 428 (1839). gracilicolle, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 233 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6. p. 369 (1585); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p- 3o2 (1895-96) ; Schilsky, Küst-Kraatz. Káf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 65(1906). leptocephalum, Aubé, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 8 (2), p. 239 (1858). A. graciliforme, Vall, rans. Amer. Soc. Ent. Vol. 25, p. 170 (1898). A. gracilipenne, Wagner, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 59, p. 8o (1905). A. gracilipes, Dietrich, ibidem, Vol. 18, p. 134 (1857). gracilipes, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 206 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 205 (1894-95); Schilskv, Küst-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 79 (1901 . BioLociE : Dietrich, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 18, p. 134 (1857); Wagner, Deutsche Ent, Nat. Bibl. Vol. 2, p. 96 (1911). A. gracilirostre, Sharp, Biol. Centr.- Amer. Col. Vol. 4. p. 57, t. 2, f. (1889). A. gracilitubus, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 253 (1895-96). 22 A. graecum, Desbrochers, ibidem, Vol. 6, p. 4 (1896-97). graecum, Schilsky, Küst -Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 23(1906) (Eryt/rapion). A. grallarium, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 83, t. 2, f. 23 (1889). A. grandaevum, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 206 (1909). A. granulum, Gerstücker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 247 (1854). A. grenieri, Desbrochers, Opusc. Vol. r, p. 31 (1874-75); Le Frelon, Vol. 3. p. 21 (1893-94). grenieri, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 5 (19or) (PArisso- trichium). moroderi, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 15, p. 85 (1907-08); Wagner, Ent. Blàtt. Vol. 5, p. 123 (1909). A. gribodoi, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 232 (1895-96). gribodoi, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 62 (1902). ochroceras, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 15, p. 87 (1907-08); Wagner, Ent. Blátt. Vol. 5, p. 123 (1909). A. griseobilosum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 27 (1908) (Catapion). A. griseopubescens, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 18, p. 129 (1874) (Catafion) A. griseoselosulum, Desbrochers, Opusc. Vol. r, p. 29 (1874-75) (Catapion ?). A. grisescens, Kirsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 18, p. 422 (1874). A. griseum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. rr, p. 59 (1884). griseum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 187 (1898). : fraternum, Smith, ibidem, Vol. 1r, p. 60 (1884). A. grossulum, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 141 (1898). Rhodesien. Süd-Afrika. Amer. mer., Brasilien. Mexiko. Sibirien. der-Indien. Ceylon, Java, Borneo, Vor- Südliches Mittel- Europa, Mittelmeergebiet, Algier, Tunis. Dakota. : Abessinien. Oesterreich, Ungarn, Po- len, Bayern, Schweiz. Mexiko. Armenien, Griechenland, Dalmatien. Guatemala. Mashonaland. Orinoco. Süd-Frankreich, Spanien. Bosnien, Herzegovina, Dal- matien, Italien, Rumà- nien. Natal. Japan. Aegypten. Peru. Nord-Amerika. Arizona. —T——— rr — FAM. CURCULIONIDZE 63 A. grus, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 288 (1898). Indien. . A. gulare, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 140 (1898). Florida. . A. gyllenhali, Kirby, Trans, Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 63 (1808). Europa. gyllenhali, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 219 (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 297 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 216 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 371 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 270 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 23 (1902). aethiops, Gyllenhal, Ins. Suec. Vol. 3, p. 54 (1813). punctigerum, Thunberg, Nov. Act. Upsal. Vol. 7, p. 118 (1815). unicolor, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. o, p. 58 (1808). . A. hamatum, Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 22 (1906-08) Kaukasus. (Ceratapion). 54. A. hartmanuianum, Wagner, Soc. Ent. Vol. 24, p.153(1909-10)(Perapion). | Tientsin. . A. hastifer, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 68 (1889). Panama. 56. A. hauseri, Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 203 (1906-08) Buchara. (Catapion). A. heller, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 5o(1908) (Pzezo- Deutsch Ost-Afrika. trachelus). 3. A. hemisphaericum, Wagner, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 69, p. 87 (1908); Kapland. (Conafton). . A. henoni, Abeille de Perrin, L'Echange, p. 94 (1894). Algier. henoni, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 5 (1896-97); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 24 (1906) (Erythrapion). . A. herbsti, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 367 Süd-Afrika, (1839). herbsti, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 59 (1908) (Piezotrachelus). . A. herculanum, Smith. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 56 (1884). | Nord-Amerika. herculanum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 174, t. 5, f. 15 (1898). . A. hesperum, Fall, ibidem, p. 124, t. 2, f. 23 (1898). Californien. . A. heterogeneum, Sharp, Biol Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 59, t. 3, Mexiko. f. 7 (1889). . A. heydeni, Wencker, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. x81 (1863). Paraguay. . A. hilare, Beguin- Billecocq. ibidem, Vol 78. p. 450 (1909). Argentinia. ». A. hildebrandti, Nagner. Mém Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19. p. 48, t. 4, f. 5 Zanzibar. ( tgr x) (Prézotrachelus) . A. hilleri, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39. p. 67 (1902). Japan. 58. A. hirlicerne, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4. p. 204 (1894-95) (Prot- Algier. afton ?). A. hirtissimun, Beguin-Billecocqd, Ann. S. Afric. Mus. Vol. 5 (8), Cap Town. p- 431 (1910). . A. hirlum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. ro, p. 16 (191r). Mexico. . A. holosericeum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec Curc. Vol. r, Südliches Mittel- Europa , p. 268 (1833). Ostliches Mittelmeerge- holosericeum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 142 (1864); Desbrochers, Le biet. Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 30 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 75 (1902). cuneatum, Hochhut, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Vol. 20, p. 464 (1847). Kaukasus. hiemale, Hampe, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. Vol. 5, p. 67 (1861). . A. hoockeri, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond Vol. 9, p. 69, t. 1, f. 18. Europa, Algier, Syrien. (1808). — Taf. 4, Fig. 4. hoockeri, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 238 (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 261 (1833) ; Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 150 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 363 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 304 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 43 (1901) (OmpAalapion). BiorociE ; Kieffer, Ill. Zeitschr. f. Ent. Vol. 4, p. 7 (1899). 64 COLEOPTERA 473. A. horvathi, Schilsky, Term. Füzet.Vol. 24, p. 153(1901); Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 59 (1901). var. jacobsoni, Wagner. Soc. Ent. Vol. 24, p. 153 (1909-10). 474. A. humerale, Philippi, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 25. p. 364 (1864). 475. A. humerosum, Péringuey, Trans. S. Afric. Philos. Soc. Vol. 4, p. 175 (1886). 476. A. hungaricum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 146 (1894). — Taf. 6, Fig. 12. hungaricum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf, Eur. Vol. 42, p. 17 (ex parte, 9) 11906); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol.3, p. 27 (1906-08) | Exapion). BioLociE : Wagner, Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Ins.-Biol. Vol. 14 (5), p. 156 (1909). 477. A. huron, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 159 (1898). 478. A. hydrolapathi, Marsham, Ent. Brit. Vol. r, p. 249 (1802). hydrolapathi, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 66, t. 1, f. 17 (1808); Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol 2, p. 226 (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 285 (1833) ; Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 255 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 382 (1885); Desbro- chers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 51 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 69 (1901) (Perapion). coeruleipenne, Stephens, Ill. Brit. Vol. 4, p. 173 (1831). 479. A. hydropicum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 174 (1864). Aydropicum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 235 (1895-96); Daniel, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 2, p. 182 (1904-06) ; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 56 (1906). 480. A. hystriculum, Sharp, Biol. Centr. Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 56 (1889). 481. A. illex, Faust, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 43, p. 434 (1899) (Piezo- trachelus). 482. A. ilvense, Wagner, Rivista Col. Ital. Vol. 3, p. 38 (1905) (Perafton). 483. A. immundum, Lea, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 23, p. 612 (1898). 484. A. immune, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 52 (1808). immune, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 191 (1817); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 173 (1864); Bedel. Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6. p. 375 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 277 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 79 (1902). betulae, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 260 (1833). cribricolle, Perris, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Vol. 4 (2), p. 135 (1857). Briorocir : Buddeberg, Jahresb. Nassau, Ver. Nat. Vol. 38, p. g1 (1885). 485. A. impeditum, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 113, t. 2, f. 4 (1898). 496. A. impexum, Fall, ibidem, p. 136 (1898). 487. A. imporiunum, Fall, ibidem, p. 146 (1898). 488. A. impressidorsum. Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 286 (1895-96); Vol. 15, p. 86 (1907-08). 489. A. impunctistriatum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 48(1884). impunctistriatum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25. p. 114, t. 2, f. 3, 3a, 5, 19 (1898). 490. A. inaequale, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 256 (1833). 491. A. inapertum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 13 (1896-97) (Cexat- apion). 492. A. incisicolle, Beguin- Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol.78. p.455(1909). 493. A. incommodum, Wagner, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 766 (1909). coracinum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 76, p. 32 (1907). ibis, Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 342 (1909). 494. A. indicum, Motschulsky, Etud. Ent. Vol. 7. p. 93 (1855). 495. A. indistinctum, Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. Vol. 20 (2), p. 144 (1849). indistinctum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 131 (1864) (Ceratapion). Armenien. Buchara. Chile. Afrika : Damaraland. Europa. Illinois. Mittelmeergebiet, England. West-Alpen, Abruzzen. Mexiko. Süd-Afrika. Mittelmeergebiet. Australien. Mittel. und Süd-Europa, Algier. New York. Californien. Florida, Georgien. Syrien. 'Texas, Illinois, Ohio. Brazilien. Russland, Armenien. Argentinien. Madagaskar. Indien. Spanien. EASMI GUEST O NIME 496. A. indubium, Wagner, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol.69, p. 91 (1908) (Srnapion ?). 497. A. ineditum, Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 157 (1911) (Apro- therium). 498. A. inexperlum, Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 207 (1906-08) (Exapton). eppelsheimi, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 17 (1896-07). A. infaustum, Faust, Ann. Mus. Stor. Nat. Genova, Vol. 40, p. 40 (1899). A. infernum, Kirsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 18, p. 415 (1874). A. infirme, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 86 (1889) (Heter- apion). inflatibenne, Sharp, ibidem, p. 8r. t. 3, f. 19 (1889). inflatum, Motschulsky, Etud. Ent. Vol. 7, p. 91 (1858). informe, Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 13r (r9rr). ingratum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 78, p. 461 (1909). inhonestum, Beguin-Billecocq, ibidem, p. 463 (1909). A. inornatum, Beguin-DBillecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 57 (1904) (AsPzq- apion). A. inscriptum, Faust, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 6r, p. 514 (1892). A. insculpticolle, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. ro, p. 160 (1900-01) (Ceratapion). A. insertum, Wagner, Soc. Ent. Vol. 24. p. 154 (1910) (Presotrachelus). A. insidiosum, Desbrochers, Opusc. Vol. r, p. 28 (1874-75); Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 297 (1895-96). insidiosum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 100 (19or). insidiator, Beguin Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 78, p. 454 (1909). insigne, Beguin- Billecocq, ibidem, Vol. 74, p. 149(1905) (inafton). . iusignicolle, Desbrochers, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. LVI (1891). insignicolle, Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 2, p. 378 (1904-06). insolens, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 287 (1898). insulare, Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 103 (1904). integricolle, Lea, Proc. Linn. Soc.N.S. Wales, Vol. 23, p. 611(1898). intevjectum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 199 (1894-95). interjectum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 33 (1906) (Prota- pon. var. flavicorne, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 199 (1894-95). var. ocularium, Desbrochers, ibidem, p. 199 (1894-95). inteymedium, Eppelsheim, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 35, p. 76 (1875). intermedium, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 279 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 83 (1902). var. amphibolum, Faust, Oefv. Finska Vet. Fórh. Vol. 32, p. 53 (1890); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 195 (1906-08). . A. intrerruptestriatum, Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 180 (1870); Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 292 (1895-96). interruptestriatum, Schilsky, Küst -Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 35 (1902); Wagner, Münch, Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 310 (1906-08). A. interstitiale, Kirsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 18, p. 416 (1874). A. irkulense, Faust, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 22, p. 174 (1888). irkutense, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 14 (1896-97) ; Schilsky. Küst.- Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 16 (1902); Wagner, Münch. Kol.Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 198 (1906-08) (Ceratapion). A. japonicum, Roelofs, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 18, p. 128 (1874). 4A. jekeli, Faust, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 6r, p. 515 (1892). A. juniperi, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 433 (1839). juniperi, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 237 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 240 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42. p. 49 (1906). 499- 500. 5or. 502. o3 504. 505. A. 506. A. 507. celi Zl Zn 508. 509. 510. Siitito 5Im2 vA Bins els 514. A Shu vele 516. A. 57). 2f Ente valo 519. A. Sr 522. 5237 524. ES 65 Süd-Afrika. Madagaskar. Bayern. Neu-Guinea., Peru. Guatemala. Guatemala. Indien. Brasilien. Argentinia. Argentinia., Madagaskar. Indochina. Syrien. Eirythrea. Syrien, Persien, Turkestan. Argentinia. Madagaskar. Krim, Taurus. Indien. Madagaskar. West-Australien. Süd-Europa, Algier, Syrien. Algier. Mittel. und Süd-Europa, Kaukasus. Süd-Russland, Sibirien. Süd-Russland. Peru. Sibirien. japan. Indochina. Südliches Mittel- Europa, Mittelmeergebiet. 66 COLEOPTERA marqueti. Wencker, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 6 (3), p. 237a (1858). montanum, Miller, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. Vol. 6, p. 348 (1862). 526. A. juno, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4. p. 82, t. 3. f. 20 (1898). 527. A. junodi, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 36 (1908). 528. A. kasbekianum, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 238 (1854). kasbekianum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 189 (1864); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3. p. 24 (1906-08); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 11 (1906) (Ceratapion). angustissimum, Desbrochers, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. XXV (1889). 529. A. kayumbense, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 98 (1909). 530. A. kirschi, Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 202 (1870); Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 18 (1893-94). hirschi, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 1 (1906) (Onychaf?on). 531. A. kinigi, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 26 (1896-97). kónigi, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 41 (1906) (Catafion). 532. A. kolbei, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 197 (1909) (Peso- trachelus). 533. A. holenatii, Kolenati, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Vol. 31 (1). p. 15r, tor Gm8»58): kolenatii, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 161 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 29 (1896-97). 534. A. kraaízi, Wencker, Berl.. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 273 (1859); L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 174 (1864). kraatzi, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 277 (1895-96) ; Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol, 39, p. 80 (1902). parvithorax, Desbrochers, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. LVII (1891). var. crassinasus, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 278 (1895-06), 535. A. Rkuenbergi, Reitter, Wien. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 17, p. 125 (1898). kuenbergi, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 91 (1901) (Protapion). 536. A. kwaiense, Hartmann, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 393 (1904). 537. A. laeve, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 76, p. 32 (1907). 538. A. laevicolle, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. ro, p. 348 (1811). laevicolle, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 174 (1817) ; Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 406 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille. Vol. r, p. 195 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 366 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 202 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 84 (1901) (Protapion). 539. A. laevigatum, Paykull, Monogr. Curc. p. 141 (1792). laevigatum. Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2. p. 239 (1817); Schónherr. Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 261 (1833); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 362 (1885) ; Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 3o9 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 41 (1901) (OmpAalafion). carbonarium, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 176, t. 3, f. 17 (1817). helveticum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 15, p. 88 (1907-08); Wagner, Ent. Blátt. Vol. 5, p. 124 (1909). sahlbergi, Gyllenhal, Humm. Ess. Vol. 4, p. 61 (1825/. sorbi, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Vol. 1 (2), p. 390 (1797). viridescens, Marsham, Ent. Brit. Vol. 1, p. 249 (1802). BioLociE : Letzner, Arb. Schles. Ges. Breslau, p. 94 (1851). 540. A. laevirostre, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 252 (1854). 541. A. laeviusculum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 12, p. 58 (1904) (Oxystoma). 542. A. laminatum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 58, t. 3, f. 6, 6a (1889). 543. A. lancirostre, Chevrolat, Rev. Zool. p. 385 (1859). lancirostre, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p.133(1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 92 (1893-94); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. p. 310 (1906-08) (Ceratapion). lanciferum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 9 (1896-07); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 2 (1902). Guatemala. Natal. Kaukasus. Congo. Aegyten. Kaukasus. Deutsch Süd-West-Afrika. Ixaukasus. Süd-Europa, Algier, Tunis. Algier. Buchara. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Madagaskar. England, Mittelmeergebiet. Europa. Columbien. Algier. Mexiko. Algier, Tunis. r——— zia —— NN n 544. Un Qn tA CA CSRCRSESEEEE O0 1 O ta Ui Cn Qn Cn tA Ou 6n Ui Cn B [m Oo D& B& D DR Ds HR Un Un 4 Un Un cn 568. 569 Em 5 zi 1s vel A 4 A ja A. FAM. CURCULIONID/E lanigerum, Gemminger, Col. Hefte, Vol. 8, p. 123 (1871). lanigerum, Belel, Faune Col. Bass Seine, Vol.6, p. 374(1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 238 (1895-96) ; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf Eur. Vol. 42, p. 5o (1906); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 208 (1906-08). lanuginosum, Wencker, L'Abeille. Vol. 1, p. 236 (1864). . lanuginosum, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 245 (1854). . lassum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 55 (1889). . laterale, Sharp, ibidem, p. 8o (1889). . latices, Desbrochers, Mitt Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p.205 (1870); Le Frelon, Vol. 3. p. 5r (1893-94). laticeps, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 27 (1902) (Perafion). . laticolle. Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 242 (1854). . latifrons, Gerstücker, ibidem, p. 246 (1854). . latipenne, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 81 (1889). . latibes, Sharp, ibidem, p. 84, t. 3, f. 24 (1889). . lativentre, Beguin- Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent Fr. Vol.78, p. 451(1909) . laufferi, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol 42, p. 20 (1906) (Exafion). . lebasi, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec.Curc.Vol. 5, p. 377 (1839). ficturatum, Sharp, Biol. Centr -Amer Col. Vol. 4, p. 65. t. 3, f 11 (1889). . ledouxi, Nagner. Mém.Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 32( 1908) (Perapton). . lemoroi, Brisout de Barneville, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 35 (1880). lemoroi, Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 380 (1885; ; Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 63 (1893-94) ; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 63 (190r) (Perapion). . lenense, Schilksky, Küst.-Kraatz. Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 67 (1906). . lentum, Sharp. Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 82, t. 3, f£. 22 (1889). . leonense, Wagner, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr.p.766(1909) (Prezotrachelus). languidum, Bohemann, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 368 (1839). . leonhardi, Reitter, Wien. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 22, p. 178 (1903). leonhardi, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 43, p. 1 (1906) (P/risso- trichium) . leprieuri, Nencker, L'Abeille. Vol. r, p. 214 (1864). leprieuri, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 285 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42. p. 36 (1906) (Syzapion). . leptorhynchum, Gerstücker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. r5, p. 274 (1854). aerolescens, Faust, ibidem, Vol. 54, p. 318 (1893). . lesnei, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz. Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 28 (1906). lesnei, Wagner, Ent. Blátt, Vol. 4, p. 105 (1908) | Protapion). . lethale. Pascoe. Notes Leyd. Mus. Vol. 5, p. 88 (1883). . lethieyryi, Desbrochers. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges.Vol.3, p. 188(1870); Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 240 (1895-96). lethierrvi, Schilsky. Küst -Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 51 (1906). . leucobhaeatum, WNencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 183 (1864). leucophaeatum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 216 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42. p. 42 (1906) (Catapion). obtusiusculum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 219 (1895-96). . libanicum, Desbrochers. Le Frelon, Vol. 4. p. 186(1894-95) (Protapton). . limonit, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 78 (1808). — Taf 35EI/g- 9: limonii, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2. p. 229 (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol r, p. 306 (1833) ; Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 248 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol 6, p. 381 (1885); Desbro- chers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 49 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 73 (19o1) (AHemonus). Briorocir : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 462 (1863). 67 Bayern, Schweiz, Frank- reich, Pyrenáen. Columbien. Guatemala. Mexiko. Russland. Orinoco. Brasilien. Panama. Panama. Argentinien. Spanien. ,Brasilien, Panama, Süd- Amerika. Süd-Afrika. Frankreich, Italien, Algier. Sibirien. Guatemala. Sierra- Leone. Herzegowina. Algier. Columbien. Mandschurei. Saleyer. Algier. Süd-Frankreich, Italien, Spanien. Libanon. England, Belgien, Frank- reich, Spanien, Portugal, Algier, Marokko. 68 COLEOPTERA 570. A. linderi, Wencker, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 22 (1858); L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 205 (1864). linderi, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 198 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol 43, p. 5 (1906) (Protapion). 571. A. litigiosum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol rz, p. 189 (1864). litigiosum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 238 (1895-96). 572. A. lividibes, Wencker, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 180 (1863). 573. A. lividum, Smith, Ent. Amer. Vol. 3. p. 56 (1887). lividum, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 173 (1898). 574. A. lobirostre, Reitter, Wien. Ent Zeit. Vol. 20, p. 227 (19o1). lobirostre, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf Eur. Vol. 42, p. Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 31 (1906-08). 74 (1906); 575. A. longiceps, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p 5 (1906) (Ceratapion). 576. A. longiclava, Desbrochers, I.e Freion. Vol. 6, p. 12 (1896-97) (Cerat- apion) elavatum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf Eur. Vol. 42, p. 3 (1906). 577. A. longicolle, Gerstücker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 270 (1854) (Piesotrachelus) 578. A. longicrus, Hartmann, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 51, p. 383 (1907) (Conapion). var. constricticolle, Hartmann, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 396 (19041. vugosicolle, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 196 (1909). 579. A. longipenne, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 13, t. 3, f. 2 (1911). 580. A4. longirostre, Olivier, Ent. Vol. 5 (81), p. 35, t. 3, f. 51a, ^ (1807). — Taf. 38, Fig. 3. longivostre, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol i, p. 268 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 186 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3. P. 35 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 58 (1902) (Rhopalapion). BrioLociE : Wagner, Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Ins.-Biol. Vol. 14 (5), p. 55 (1909). 581. A. longithorax, Desbrochers, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. XXXIV (1889); Le Frelon, Vol. 3. p. 27 (1893-94). longithorax, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. (Erythrapion). 25 (1906) 582. A. longilubus, Desbrochers. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. XXXIV (1889); Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 218 (1895-96) (Catafion). 583. 584. A. loti, var. vas. ? derelictum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, A. longulum, Gerstücker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 239 (1854). Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 58 (1808). loti, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 206 (1817); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 376 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 275 (1895-96) ; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 87 (1902). augustatum, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. ro, p. 352 (18i1); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 292 /1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. (1864). languidum, Gyllenhall, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc, Vol. I, p. 292 (1833). modestum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 234, t. 4, f. 6 (1817). fallay, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1 p. 242 (1864). sicardi, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 9 (1893-94); Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 276 (1895-96). 227 Vol. Deutsche Ent Zeitschr. p. 767 (1907). 15, p. 90 (1907-08); Wagner, BroLociE : Perris, Aun. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 460 (1863); Frauenfeld, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 18, p. 158 (1868). Elsass. 'Türkei : Skutari. Brasilien. Florida. 'Turkestan. Daghestan. Spanien. Kapland. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Natronsee. Amer. mer., Brasilien. Südliches — Mittel-Europa, Süd-Europa, Algier, Sy- rien, Turkestan, Persien, Buchara Süd-Italien, Sicilien, Algier. Spanien. Brasilien. Europa, Algier, Syrien, ''urkestan. Mittelmeergebiet. 385. A. luctuosum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. I9, p. 46, t. 5, f. 3. Natal : Malvern. (1911 ) (Prezotrachelus). 586. A. lunigerum, Wagner, ibidem, Vol. 16, p. 17 (1908). Mashonaland. BAM. CURCULIONIDZE 587. A. luridipes. Wagner, Mém Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 24, t. 2, f. 5 (1911) 588. A. luteipes, Kirsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 18, p. 419 (1874). 589. A. luteirostre, Gerstàácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 254 (1854). acayinum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 64 (1889). argentinum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 78, p. 464 (1909). 39o. A. maceratum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 71 (1889). 59r. A. macilentum, Blanchard, in Gay, Hist. Chile, Vol. 5, p. 309 (1851). 592. A. macrocephalum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 49 (1908) (Prezotrachelus). 593. A. macrophthalmum, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 257 (1854). - A. macropis, Wagner, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 766 (1909). longimauum, Sharp, Biol. Centr -Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 62, t. 3, f. 9 (1889). mwrorhynchum, Eppelsheim, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 381 (1888). macrorhynchum, Desbrozhers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 93 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur Vol. 42, p. 9 (1906) (Ceratafton). sejugum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 94, (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraátz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 3 (1902); Wagner, Ent. Blàtt. Vol. 4, p- 104 (1905). . macrothorax, Wagner, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 766 (1909). longicolle, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 80 (1889). . macula-alba, Suffrian, Wiegman's Arch. f. Naturg. Vol. 36 (1), p. 232 (1870) 598. A. maculifes, Pascoe. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. rr, p. 122 (1883). 599. A. madagascarieuse, Beguin-Billecocq. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 57 (1904) (Aspidapion). 600. A. madecassum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74, p. 135 (1905). 601. A. magambense, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 45, t. 5, f. 2 (191r) ( Prezotrachelus). 602. A. magnirostre, Wagner, ibidem, Vol. 16, p. 44 (1908) (Prezotrachelus). 603. A. majorinum, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 290 (1898). 604. A. malgasicum, Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 55 (1904) ( Aspidabion). 605. A. malvae, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 132 (1775). malvae, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 20, t. 1, f. 2 (1808); Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 130, t. 3, f. 19a, b (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 272 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p.247 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 361 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 3r (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 94 (1901). flavescens, Villa, Col. Eur. Suppl. p. 49 (1835). herbarum, Aubé, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 338 (1850). minutus, Fourcroy, Ent. Paris. Vol. r, p. 115 (1875). pulex, Gmelin, ed. Linn. Vol. 1 (4). p. 1758 (1777). Un «o A 595-41 BioLocGir : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 458 (1863); Wapner, Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Ins.-Biol. Vol. 14 (5), p. 52 (1909). 606. A. manicense, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 9 (1908). — Taf. 5, Fig. l. 607. A. mansuetum, Vaust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 54, p. 321 (1893). 608. A. marchicum, Herbst, Káf Vol. 7. p. 118, t. 103, f. 7 (1797). marchicum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 197, t. 3, f. 15 (1817); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 258 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 382 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 55 (1893-94) ; Schilsky, Küst.. Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 67 (1901) | Perapion). aterrimus, Linné, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10j, p. 378 (1758;. aterrimim, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 60 (1808). laevithorax, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen, Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 288 (1833). 69 Amer, mer.. Brasilien. Brasilien, Peru. Orinoco. Guatemala. Argentinia. Panama. Chile. Rhodesien. Orinoco. Guatemala. Sporaden, Syrien, sus. Guatemala. Cuba. Kandy. Madagaskar. Madagaskar. Ost-Afrika. Rhodesien. Indien. Madagaskar. Mittel- Kauka- und Süd-Europa, Kaukasus, Syrien, Algier. Süd-Afrika : Venezuela. Manica. Europa, Algier, Syrien, Si- birien. 609. 610. OTT T2: 639; 614. 615. 616. 3omo: 626. COLEOPTERA yumicis, Kirby, Trans, Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 67 (1808). spartii, Kirby, ibidem, p. 56 (1808). violaceum, Gyllenhal, Fauna Suec. Vol. 3, p. 5o (1813). A. marseuli, Nencker, L'Abeille. Vol. r, p. 261 (1864). marseuli, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 64 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 66 (1901) (Perafion). A. marshalli, Wagner. Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 18 (1909). A. matyicum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 66 (1889). A. mauritii, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.Vol. 74, p. 142 (1905). A. mediocre, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 56 (1889). A. medilabundum, Faust, Oefv. Finsk. Vet. Akad. Fórh. Vol. 32, p. 52 (1890). meditabundum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6. p. 20 (1896-97); Schilsky, Küst -Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 3o, p. 65 (1902); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 192 (1906-08). A. mediterraneum, Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3. (1906-08) (Protafion). oblitum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4. p. 194 (1894-95). DOSES A: medium, Desbrochers, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. LVII (1891); Le Fre- lon, Vol. 5, p. 221 (1895 96). medium, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 43, p. 4 (1906) (Catapion). . A. melanarium, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. r5, p. 261 (1854). melanarium, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 5o (1884); Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 117, t. 2, f. 7, 22 (1898). 3. A. melancholicum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 217 (1864). melancholicum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 236 (1895-96) ; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 55 (1906). hadrops, 'Thomson, Skand. Col. Vol. 7, p. 72 (1865). provinciale, Desbrochers, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. XXXIV (1889). italicum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 12, p. 57 (1904) (Catapzoz). A. meliloti, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 64 (1808). meliloti, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 222 (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 290 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 226 (1864) ; Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 376 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 282 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz. Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 86 (1902). angustatum, Gyllenhal, Fauna Suec. Vol. 3, p. 56 (1813). bifoveolatum, Stephens, Ill. Brit. Vol. 4, p. 176 (1831). var. aeneovirens, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. I:ur. Vol. 3o, p. 86 (1902). Brorocis : Frauenfeld, Verh. Zool -bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 16, p. 963 (1866). . A. mendax, Desbrochers. Le Frelon, Vol. 15, p. 87(1907-08) ( Exafion ). . A. meorrhynchum, Philippi, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 25, p. 364 (1864) . A. merale, Faust. Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 29, p. 188 (1885). merale, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 120 (1894-95): Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 73 (1902); Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 190 (1906-08) | Metapion). Wagner. Münch. Kol. . A. melallicum, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 243 (1854). metallicum, Smith, "Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. rr. p. 61 (1884); Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 137, t. 4, f. 5 (1898). . A. metrosideyos, Broun, Man. N. Zeal. Col. p. 466 (1880). . A. microcephalum, Nagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 46 (1908) (Piezotrachelus). A. millum, Bach, Kàf. Nord- und Mittel-Deutschl. Vol. 2. p. 198(1854). millum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 47 (1902) (Catapion). annulipes, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 145 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 379 (1885). cineraceum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol, r, p. 146 (1864!; Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 165 (1894-95). . A. mimosae, Hartmann, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 84 (1897). mimosae, Wagner, Mém, Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 58 (1908). Algier. Süd-Afrika. Panama. Madagaskar. Mexiko. Sibirien. Mittelmeergebiet. Algier. Nord-Amerika. Mittel- und Süd-Europa. Europa, Syrien, Kaukasus, Algier. Aleier Chile. Buchara, Turkestan. Californien, Florida. Neu-Zeeland. Süd-Afrika. Mittel- und Süd- Europa. Deutsch Ost-Afrika, Natal. FAM. CURCULIONJD/E 71 628. A. miniatum, Germar, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 282 Europa, Syrien, Kaukasus. (1833). — Taf. 4, Fig. 3. miniatum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r. p. 243 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 383 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 27 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz. Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 58 (1901) (Erythrapion) Jrumentarius. Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Vol. 1, p. 392 (1797). frumentarium, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. o, p. 77 (1808). BioLoGir : Frauenfeld, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 18, p. 160 (1868); Wagner, Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Ins -Biol. Vol. 14 (5), p. 2 (1909). 629. A. minimum, HIerbst, Kaf. Vol. 7. p. 115, t. 103, i S Cu917)]o Europa, Kaukasus,Sibirien. minimum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 236, t. 3, f.9g (1817); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 220 (1864) ; Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 370 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 166 (1894-95) ; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz. Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 63 (1902). fovaminosum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 289 (1833). velox, Kirby, Traus. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 1o, p. 349 (1811). BiorociE : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 462 (1863); Kaltenbach, Pflanzenfeinde, p. 542 (1874); Carpentier, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 262 (1907). 630. A. minor, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 1r, p. 56 (1884). Californien. minor, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 145, t. 4, f. 10, 10a (1898). 631. A. minutissimum, Rosenhauer, Tiere Andalusiens, p. 232 (1856). Mittel- und Süd-Europa. minutissimum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 150 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 167 (1894); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 311 (1906-08) (Catapion). parvulum, Mulsant, Opusc. Vol. 9, p. 5 (1859). serpyllicola, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 150 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol, 4, p. 168 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz. Kaf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 53 (1902). 632. A. minutum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 5o (1884). Georgia, Florida. minutum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 122 (1898). parvulum, Smith, ibidem, Vol. 11. p. 49 (1884). 633. A. mitissimum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74, p. 154 Madagaskar. (1905) ( Apiothertum). 634. A. moczarskii, Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 2, p. 378 (1904-06) Corfu. (Protapion). t 635. A. modestum, Smith. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 58 (1884). Arizona. modestum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 138 (1898). 636. A. moerens, Wagner, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 767 (1909). Congo. tenebricosum, Faust, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 43, p. 432 (1899). 637. A. molestum, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 121 (18983). Illinois. 638. A. montandoni, Desbrochers, Le Frelon. Vol. 6, p. 13 (1896-97) (Cerat- Rumüánien, Ungarn, Krim. aption). montandoni, Wagner, Bull. Soc. Sc. Ruman. Vol. 19, p 946 (1910). 639. A. monticola, Schilsky. Küst.-Kraatz. Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42. p. 15 (1906) Süd-Tirol. (Exafion). 640. A. montis, Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent Fr. p. 155 (1911). Madagaskar. 641. A. montivagum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 12 (1908). Tafelberg. — Taf. 5, Fig. 2. 642. A. morosum, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 290 (1898). Indien. 643. A. murinum, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 241 (1854). Mexiko. murinum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 63 (1889/. 644. A. mutatum, Gemminger, Col. Hefte, Vol. 8, p. 121 (1871). Indien. amplipenne, Motschulsky, Etud. Ent. Vol. 7, p. 94 (1858). 645. A. myochroum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 29 (1902) Turkestan. (Perafion). 646. A. nasua, Gerstácker, Wiegman's Arch. f. Naturg. Vol. 1, p. 74 (1871). Afrika, Mombassa. 72 (C OT/ZE OPI ERAS 647. A. nasutum, Fall, rans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25. p. 16r (1898). 648. A. natalense, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. r5, p. 273 (1854). natalense, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 59 (1908) ( Piezotra- chelus). 649. A. navicula, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74. p. 154(1905) ( Apiotherium). 650. A. neavei, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 98 (1909). 651. A. nebraskense, Fall. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25,.p. 145 (1898). 652. A. necopinum, Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 54, p. 322 (1893). 653. A. nicaraguanum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. r9, p. 19 (1911). 654. A. nigerrimum, Wagner, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. rr, p. 263 (1907) (Conafion). gibbipenne, FAhraeus, Oefv. Vet.-Akad. Fórh. N? rz, p. 239 (1871). 655. A4. nigrellum, Beguin-Billecocq. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 76, p. 35 (1907) (Omphalafton). A. nigritarse, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. f. 6 (1808). — Taf. 4, Fig. 5. nigritarse, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 156. t. 4, f. 12a-c (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 282 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p.207 (1864); Bedel, Faune Coll. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 368 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 210 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz. Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 80 (1901) (Protapion). waterhousei, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5. p. 408 656. SOT EHSNET , (1839). 657. A. mgritulum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 31 (1908) (Catapion). 658. A. nigroaeneum, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 255 (1854). 659. A. nuigro-cyaneum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 78, p. 456 (1909). 660. A. nigrosbarsum, Suffrian, Wiegman's Arch. f. Naturg. Vol. 1, p. 23o (1870). 661. A. migro-suturatum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. lr. Vol. 78, P- 459 (1909). - A. nigrum, Hierbst, Kàf. Vol. 7, p. 122, t. 103, f. 11 (1797). nigrum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 239 (1817); Schonherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 254 (1833); Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 64 (1884); Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25. p. 152 (1898). BriorociE : Colton, he Ohio Natural. Vol. 5, p, 346 (1905). . niloticum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 83 (1894-95). niloticum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 39 (1906) (Metapzon). . nilens, Schilsky, ibidem, Vol. 38, p. 24 (190r) (Ceratapzon). . nilidipenne, Wagner, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 69, p. 85 (1908). . nitidirostre, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 49 (1889). . nilidulum, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. r5, p. 268 (1854) (Conafion). . A. nitidum, Kirsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 18, p. 416 (1874). . 4. nodicorne, Sharp, Biol. Centr.Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 78, t. 3, f. 18, 18a (1889). . A. nodirostre, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 241 (1854). 671. A. normandi, Desbrochers, (Metapion). - A. nossibense, Beguin-Biliecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 157 (1911). - A4. uovellum, Fall. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 144, t. 4, f. 19 (1898). 674. A. obesulum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 186 (1894-95) (P»rot- apion). fe O SN D D& da P& Le Frelon, Vol. 9, p. 8r (1899-1900) 'Texas. Natal. Madagaskar. Congo. Nebraska. Venezuela. Nicaragua. Süd-Afrika. Madagaskar. Europa, Kaukasus, Syrien, Algier. Süd-Afrika. Brasilien. Argentinien. Cuba. Argentinien. Nord-A merika. Aegypten. Tunis, Algier. Brtisch Ost-Afrika. Panama. Ceylon. Peru. Mexiko. Florida, "Tunis. Nossi-Bé, Madagaskar. Columbien. Syrien. PAM. CURGCUTIONIDZE 675. A. obltquestriatum, Beguin-Billecocq, Aun. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol.74, p. 148 (1905) (Ainapion). 676. A. oblitum, Smith. Trans. Xmer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 54 (1884). oblitum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 153 (1898). capitatum, Smith, ibidem, Vol. 11, p. 54.(1884). 677. A. oblivium, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 39. p. 54 (1902). oblivium, Nagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 311 (1906-08) (Cataf10z). 678. A. oblongulum, Desbrochers, Opusc. Vol. 1, p. 31 (1874-75); Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 144 (1894-95). oblongulum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur.Vol 42, p. 13/1906) (Exafioz). 679. A. oblongum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 421 (1839). oblongum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 228 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 62 (1893-94) (Perapion). sibiricum, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 442 (1839). 680. A. obnoxium, Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 52, p. 282 (189r). 681. A. obscurum, Marsham, Ent. Brit. Vol. r, p. 244 (1802). obscurum, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. o, p. 33 (1808); Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 152 (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. rz. P- 278 (1833). 682. A. obsoletum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 44 (1884). obsoletum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 119 (1898). ovale, Smith, ibidem, Vol. 11, p. 47 (1884). 683. A. oblectum, Schilskv, Küst -Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 74 (1902) (Metafion). 684. A. obtustpenne, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5. p. 221 (1895-96) (Cat- apion). 685. A. occidentale, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 123, t. 2, f. 10,25 (1898). 686. A. ochroPus, Germar. Mag. Ent. Vol. 3, p. 46(1818). — Taf. 3, Fig. 6 ochroPus, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 252 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 122 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 373 (1585); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3. p. 10 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 45 (1901) (Oxystoma). var. smyrnense, Schilsky, ibidem, Vol. 43, p. XXX (1906). var. tarsale, Schilsky, ibidem, p. XXX (1906). BrorocrE : Dietrich, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 18, p. 137 (1857). 687. A. oculare, Gylenhal, in Schónherr,Gen.Spec.Curc.Vol.1,p.257( 1833). oculare, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1. p. 144 (1564); Desbrochers, Le Fre- lon, Vol, 4, p. 126 (1894-95) (Metapzon). hartmanni, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 17 (1896-07). BriorocrE : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol, 3 (4), p. 453 (1863). 688. A. oedorrhynchum, Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. p. 78 (1858). oedorrhynchum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 50 (1884); Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 130 (1898). 689. A. offensum, Faust, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 25, p. 413 (1890-91). offensum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 269 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 22 (1902); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 194 (1906-08). 69o. A. ononicola, Bach, Kaf. Nord- und Mittel-Deutschl.Vol. 2,p. 195(1854). ononicola, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol.4, p. 189 (1894-95) ; Schilsky, Küst- Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 85 (1901) (Protapion). bohemani, Thomson, Scand. Col. Vol. 7, p. 64 (1865); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 367 (pars) (1885). ononidis, Gyllenhal, Fauna Suec. Vol. 4, p. 539 (1827) ; Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. t, p. 198 (1864). BioLocir : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 459 (1863). 691. A. ononis, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 25 (1808). ononis, Gexmar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 137, t. 3, f. 24a-0 (1817); Schónherr, 73 Madagaskar. "Texas, Colorado. Europa. Spanien. Mittel-Europa, Kaukasus, Sibirien, Syrien. Indien. England. Dakota, Nebraska. Sibirien. Mittel- und Süd-Europa. Colorado, Texas. Europa, Algier, Syrien, Transkaspien, Sibirien. Smyrna. Kaukasus. Spanien. Californien. IXrim. Europa, Syrien. Europa, Algier, Syrien. 74 COLEOPTERA Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 3oo (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 218 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p 371i (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 267 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 48 (1906). cinerascens, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 138, t. 3, f. 4 (1817). furvum, Seidlitz. Fauna Transsylv. p. 738 (1891). glaucinum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr. Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 255 (1833). mecops, Boheman, in Schónherr, ibidem, Vol. 5, p. 413 (1839). ferplexum, Gylenhal, in Schónherr, ibidem, Vol. r, p. 293 (1833). BrorociE : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 460 (1863). 692. 4. onopordi, Kirby, Trans, Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 71 (1808). onopordi, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 240, t. 2, f. r4 (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 264 (1833) ; Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 138 (1864); Bede], Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 363 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p.91 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 16 (19or) (Ceratapron). penetrans, Stephens, Ill. Brit. Vol. 4, p. 175 (183r). vugicolle, Stephens, ibidem, p. 175 (var.) (1831). Biorocie : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 464 (1863); Frauenfeld, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 18, p. 160 (1868). 693. A. opacicolle, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 5o (1884). opacicolle, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p, 134 (1898). 694. A. ofacinum, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 31, p. 179 (1887). opacinum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 268 (1895-96); Schilsky. Küst.- Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 47(1906); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 189 (1906-08); Ent. Blátt. Vol. 4, p. 104 (1908) (Ceratapion). 695. A. opacum, Kirsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 18, p. 420 (1874). 696. A. opeticum, Bach, Kàf. Nord- und Mittel-Deutschl. Vol. 2, p. 188 (1854). opeticum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 118 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 372 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p 1: (1893-94) ; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 46 (1901) (Oxystoma). dietrichi, Dietrich, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 18, p. 133 (1857). nigricorne, Motschulsky, Schrenck's Reise, p. 160, t. 1o, f. 24 (1860;. BioLocrE : Dietrich, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. r8, p. 134 (1857. 697. A. opulentum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 47, t. 5, f. 5 (1911) (Piezotrachelus). : 698. A. oranense, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 9, p. 77 (1899-1900) ( Ery- thrapion). 699. A. oreophilum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.V0l.76, p. 34 (1907). 700. A. orientale, Gerstücker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 237 (1854). orientale, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 128(1864); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 12 (1906) (Ceratapion). henschi, Reitter, Wien. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 20, p. 226 (1901). similans, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 21 (1901). . ovthorhynchum, Nagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 207 (1909). . oscillator, Sharp. Biol Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 64 (1889). . ovipenne, Hochhut, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Vol. 24, p. 9 (185r). . oxyrhynchum, Wagner, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 69. p. 78 (1908). , fachymerum, Philippi, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 364 (1864) — Taf. 5, Fig. 12. 706. A. pachyrrhynchum, Gemminger, Col. Heft, Vol. 8, p. 123 (1871). bulbinasum, Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 295 (18901). crassirostre, Mothschulsky, Schrenck's Reise, p. 169, t. 10, f. 23 (1860). schrencki, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 43, p. CXVIII (1906). 707. A. pacificum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 79 (1889). 708. A. £allidivostre, Roelofs, ^nn. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 17. p. 128 (1882). dorsale, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 77 (1902) (Protafton ?). 79r. 702. 794. 705. -l o Sed D& B& m B n Europa, Algier, Nord- und Central-Asien, China. Californien. Sibirien. Brasilien, Peru. Mittel. und Süd-Europa, Sibirien. Süd-Afrika. Oran. Madagaskar. Mittel- und Süd-Europa,Sy- rien, Persien, Kaukasus. Rhodesien. Mexiko. 'Taurien. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Chile. Amur. Sapporo. Guatemala. Japan. 799 FAM. CURCULIONIDZE . A. pallipes, Kirby, Trans. Linn.Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 38, t. 1,f. 7 (1808). pallipes, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 160 (1817) ; Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. ri, p 276 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 159 (1864): Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine. Vol. 6, p. 362 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 35 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 59 (1902) (Taeniafion). geniculatum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 175, t. 3, f. 25a, b (1817). - A. pallitarse, Sharp, Biol. Centr.- Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 75, t. 3, f. 16 (1889). 7iI. Á. pPamauzianum, Beguin-Billecocq. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 56 (1904). 712. Á. panamense, Sharp. Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4. p. 54 (1889). 713. A. papei, Wagner, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. o9, p. 81 (1908). 714. A. paradoxum, Gerstácker, ibidem, Vol. 15, p. 274 (1354). paradoxum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Vol. 4, p. 63, t. 3, f. 10 (1889). 715. A. parallelocolle, Wagner. in Sjóstedt. Ergebn. Exped. Kilimandjaro, Vol. r, Teil7 (9), p- 98 (1908); Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 59 (1908) (Conafion). 716. A. parallelum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. rr, p. 47 (1884). 729 730 paxrallelum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 170 (1808). . A. Parens, Desbrochers, in Heyden, Reise Spanien, p. 161 (1870); Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 1o1 (1893-94). parens, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 5 (1902) (Ceratapion). hipponeuse, Desbrochers, Le Frelon. Vol. 3, p. 102 (1893-94). . A. parpanense, Rühl, Die Ins.-Welt, Nr. 17, p. 1oo (1885). . A. particeps, Wagner, Ann Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 201 (1909) ( Piezotrachelus). . A. pavviclava, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 8(1896-97) (Ceratapion). . A. parvulum, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 248 (1854). motabile, Faust, ibidem, Vol. 54, p. 317 (1893). . A. patruele. Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 64 (1884). patruzle, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 142, t. 4, f. 11, 11a, 17 (1898). . A. pauli, Hartmann, in Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 5r, p. 293 (1907). amabile, Hartmann, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 395 (1904). . A. pauper, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 54 (1889). . A. fauxillum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann.Soc Ent.Fr.Vol.74, p.149(1905). . A. pavidum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 203, t. 4, f. 4 (1817). pavidum, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 433 (1839); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 236 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 374 (1885) ; Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 234(1895-96); Schilsky, Küst -Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 93 (1902). orbitale, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 434 (1839). plumbeum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, ibidem, Vol. r, p. 301 (1833). . A. peculiare, Wagner, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 766 (1909). gibbosum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 82. t. 3, f. 21, 21a (1889). . A. pedale, Rey, in Mulsant & Rey, Opusc. Vol. 9, p. 13 (1859). [edale, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol r, p. 197 (1864): Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4. p. 191 (1894-95) ; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 43, p.6 11906) (Protapion). . A. pedestre, Sharp, Biol. Centr -Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 77 (1889). . A. penetrans, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2. p. 244, t. 2, f. 116 (1817). — Taf. 4, Fig. 2. penetrans, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 381 (1839); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 134(1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 364 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 96 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 18 (1901) (Ceratapton). caullei, Wencker, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. XXI (1858) (ex parte). BrioLociE : Frauenfeld, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 16, p. 965 (1866); Goureau, Ann. Soc. Ent Fr. Vol. 6 (4). p. 172 (1866). 75 Europa. Mexiko. Madagaskar. Panama. Natal. Mexiko. Kilimandjaro, Rhodesien. Michigan, New Jersey. Spanien, Algier, Oran, Schweiz. Erythrea Syrien. Brasilien, Venezuela, lumbien. Florida, Illinois. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Mexiko. Madagaskar. Europa, Syrien, Kaukasus. Panama. Süd-Frankreich. Panama. Europa. 734 735 736. COLEOPTERX . A. peniusulare, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 149, t. 5, f. 2, 2a (1898). . A. penusylvanicum, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, P. 417 (1839). pennsylvanicum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol 1r, p. 50 (1884); Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 122, t. 2, f. 9, 24 (1898). erythrocerum, Smith, ibidem, Vol. rz, p. 44 (1844). - A. perforicolle, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25. p. 144, t. 5, f. 1 (1898). . A. peringueyi, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. S. Afric. Mus. Vol. 5 (8), p. 431 (1910) (inafion). . A. feriscelis, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 391 (1839). periscelis, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 158 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 32 (1893-94); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 3oo (1906-08). strangulatum, Kirsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 18, p. 413 (1874). A. perlongum, Faust, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 25, p. 410 (189r). ferlongum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 95 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 4 (1902); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3. p. 189 (1906-08) /Ceratapion). . A. ferminutum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. rr, p. 59 (1884). perminutum, Fall,ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 125, t. 3, f. 1, 14 (1898). . A. perpusillum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 76, p. 31 (1907). . A. perraudieri, Desbrochers, Bull. Acad. Hippone, p. 159 (1884): Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 285 (1895-96). perraudieri, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39. p. (Synapion). 15 (1902) 740. A. perrieri, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74, p. 144 (1905). 741. Á. perrisi, Wencker, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 238 (1858); L'Abeille, Vol. rz, p. x23 (1864). ferrisi, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 20 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 7 (1901) (PArissotrichium). rugicolle, Germar, Stett. Ent, Zeit. Vol. 6, p. 143 (1845) (pars). 742. A. persicum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 11 (1893-94); Vol. 5, p. 298 (1895-96). 743. A. fersimile, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 172, t. 5, f 19 (1898). 744. A. perspicillum, Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 48, p. 186 (1887). ferspicillum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 232 (1895-06); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 46 (1906); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 193 (1906-08). 745. A. persulcatum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 22, t. 2, f. 3 (1911). 746. A. pervicax, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 139, t. 4. f. 2, 14 (1898). 747. A. peyerimhoffi, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. ro, p. 108 (1902). 748. A. philautum, Lea, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 23, p. 608 (1898). 749. A. Philippi, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74, p. 144(1905). 750. A. phocopus, Eppelsheim, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 380 (1888). fhocopus, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4. p. 173 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42. p. 43 (1906) (Catafion). 751. A. phrygium, Wagner, Mürich. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 307 (1906-08). 752. A. piceirostre, Gerstücker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. r5, p. 253 (1854). 753. A. picipes, Gerstücker, ibidem, p. 276 (1854). stabile, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 51 (1889). 754. A. pictum, Wagner, Soc. Ent. Vol. 24, p. 26 (1909). Californien. Californien, Arizona. New Jersey. Mozambique. Brasilien. Peru. Süd-Russland, Florida, Texas. Madagaskar. Algier. Madagaskar. Süd-West- Europa. Persien. Nord-Amerika. 'Turkestan, Buchara, Per- sien. Guatemala. Florida. Syrien. West- Australien. Madagaskar. Sporaden. Anatolien. Orinoco. Columbien, Guatemala. Formosa. FAM. CURCULIONIDZE 755. A. Piesotracheloides, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 51, p. 381 (1907) (Pseudopiezotrachelus). — Taf. 5, Fig 6a. 756. A. pilicorne, Desbrochers, Opusc. Vol. 1, p. 26 (1874-75); Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 100 (1893-94). pilicorne, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 17 (1901) (Cerat- apion). 757. A. piliferum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 395 (1839). . A. pilosum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, ibidem, Vol. r, p. 258 (1833). . A. pingue, Beguin- Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.Vol. 78, p. 461 (1909). . A. piscidiae, Montrouzier, ibidem, p. 874 (1860). . A. fist, Fabricius, Syst. Eleuth. Vol. 2, p. 425 (1802). Pisi, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 304 (1833) ; Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 221 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 370 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 3oo (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 63 (1906). auratum, Stephens, Ill. Brit. Vol. 4, p. 187 (183r). amplipenne, GyMenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. zr, p. 305 (1833). costipenne, Fauvel, Bull. Soc. Normand. Vol. 2, p. 262 (1867). cyanipenne, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc Vol. rz, p. 307 (1833). gravidum, Olivier, Ent. Vol. 5, p. 8r, t. 3, f. 44 (1807). kosmannt, Gerhard, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 158 (19or). pasticum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 185 (1817). pullum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 299 (1833). puactifrons, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. o, p. 5o, t. 1, f. 9 (1808). BiorociE : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 461 (1863); Clermont, L'Echange, Vol. 18, p. 83 (1902). A. pistillum, Faust, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 27. p. 146 (1894). pistillum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz. Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 18 (1902); Wagner, Muünch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 195 (1906-08) (Syzapion). substriatum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 17 (1902). . A. placidum, Faust. Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 31, p. 180 (1887). placidum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 3or (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 98 (1902); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 198 (1906-08). lugubre, Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 5o, p. 224 (1889). A. planiceps, Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 132 (1911). importunum, Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 454 (1909). A. platalea, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 143, t. 3, f. 23a, 06 (1817). platalea, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 297 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 216(1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 268 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 20 (1902). afrum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p 291 (1833). turvum, Sahlberg, Ins. Fauna Fenn. Vol. 2, p. 17 (1834). puncticolle, Stephens, Manual, p. 259 (1839). unicolor, 'thomson, Skand. Col. Vol. 7, p. 69 (1865). validivostre, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 3or (1533). . A. plenum, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 208 (1909). 767. A. Bleuriticum, Sharp. Biol. Centr.- Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 73, t. 3, f. 15 (1889). . A. plicatum, Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit Vol. 48, p. 185 (1887). plicatum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 246 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf,. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 91 (1902) ; Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 193 (1906-08). . A. plumbeomicans, Rosenhauer, Tiere Andalusiens, p. 243 (1856). plumbeomicans, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 228 (1864); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 88 (1902). . 4. Pluto, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74, p. 141 (1905). . A. poeticum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 69, t. 3, f. 14 (1889). 762. 704. 765. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Syrien, Persien, Buchara. Katternland. Insel Sant-Eustach. Argentinien. Insel Lifu. Europa, Algier, Sibirien. 'Transkaspien. China, Japan. Argentinien. Europa, Kaukasus. Rhodesien. Mexiko. Buchara, Turkestan. Spanien, Portugal. Madagaskar. Guatemala. 78 COLEOPTERA 772. A. folitum, Desbrochers, Opusc. Vol. 1, p. 29 (1874-75); Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 203 (1894-95). folitum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 82 (1901) (Protafton). 773. A. fomonae, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 164 (1798). pomonae, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 143, t. 2, f. 1a (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 250(1833) ; Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 117 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 372 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 10 (1893-94) ; Schilsky. Küst - Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 5o (1910) (Oxvstoma). breviatum, Desbrochers, Opusc. Vol. 1, p. 32 (1874-75). coerulescens, Marsham, Ent. Brit. Vol. 1r, p. 245 (1802). conspicuum, Desbrochers, Assis. Sc. Bourbonn. p. 163 (1866). cyaneus, Panzer, Fauna Ins. Germ. Vol. 20, p. 12. f. a, b». BrorocirE : Walton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. p. 446 (1844); Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4). p. 452 (1863). 774. A. forcatum, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 374 (1839). porcatum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. rir, p. 64 (1884; Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 150 (1898). 775. A. forosicolle, Gemminger, Col. Hefte. Vol. 8, p. 122 (1871). cribricolle, Le Conte, Ent. Report. p. 53 (1857); Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 149, t. 5, f. 3, 3a (1898). brevicolle, Smith, ibidem, Vol. rz, p. 53 (1884). 776. A. porrectum, Nagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 7 (1908). 777. A. fosiscutaium, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74, p. r41 (1905). 778. A. poupillieri, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r. p. 127 (1864). poupillieri, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 17 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 2 (1901) (Onychafion). 779. A. jraecarium, Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 5o, p. 225 (1889). praecarium, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39. p. 66 (1902); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 198 (1906-08) (Catapion). 780. A. praeditum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 48 (1889). 781. A. frobum, Faust, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 43, p. 433 (1899). probum, Wagner, ibidem, Vol. 51, p. 278, t. 1. f. 2a, b (1907) (Pseudopiezo- trachelus). 782. A. proclive, Le Conte. Ent. Report, p. 53 (1857). proclive, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 58 (1884); Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 140, t. 4, f. 9, 9a, 9b, 15 (1895). 783. A. bropinquicorne, Fall, ibidem, p. 138, t. 4. f. 7, 7a (1898). 784. A. propinquum, Hartmann, in Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 5r, p. 383 (1907) (Conapion). cognatum, Hartmann, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 397 (1904). 785. A. protensum, Le Conte, Ent. Report, p. 53 (1857). hrotensum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. rr, p. 46 (1884); Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 114 (1898). 786. A. protractum, Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 294 (1891). 787. A. fseudapricans, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74. p. 150 (1905). 788. A. bseudarrogans, Reitter, Wien. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 20, p. 227 (19or). pseudarrogans, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 60 (1906). 789. A. bseudelongatum, Wagner, Deutsche Ent, Zeitschr. p. 766 (1909) (Catapion). humerosum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 220 (1895-96). 790. A. Pubésceus, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 1o, p. 350 (1811). pubescens, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 210 (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 256 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 176(1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 377 (1885); Desbrochers, Syrien. Europa, Algier, Syrien, Kaukasus, Sibirien. Pennsvlvanien, Virginia. Californien. 'Texas, Arizona. Rhodesien. Madagaskar. Tunis, Algier. Japan. Guatemala. Congo. Californien. 'Texas. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Californien. Japan. Madagaskar. Buchara. Süd-Russland. Europa. FAM. CURCULIONID/ZE Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 162 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 38 (1902) (Catapion). civicum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 234, t. 3, f. 12 (1817). salicis, Gyllenhal. in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 286 (1533). BrorociE : Corti, Rivista Col. Ital. Vol. r, p. 178 (1905). 791. A. pudicum, Lea, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol 23, p. 606 (1898). 792. A. Pulchrifes, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4. p. 71 (1889). 793. A. fulicare, Pascoe, Proc. Linn. Soc, N. S Wales, Vol. 23, p. 614 (1898). 794. A. pulverulentum, Wencker, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 177 (1863). 795. A. Pumilio, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p 17 (1893.94). — Mate 3-sEtg M" pumilio, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p.3(19or) (Onychafton). 796. A. puncticeps, Wagner, in Sjóstedt, Ergebn. Exped. Kilimandjaro, Vol. r, Teil 7 (9), p. 103 (1908) ( Pzezotrachelus). 797- A. punctigerum, Paykull, Monogr. Curc. p. 141 (1792). punctigerum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 188 (1817); Schonherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1. p. 305 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 210 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol 6, p. 370 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 288 (1895-96); Schilsky. Küst.- Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 69 (1906). stierlin:i, Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 181 (1870). sulcifrons, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond Vol. 9, p. 5o (1808). 798. A. functinasum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 46 (1884). punctinasum, Fall,ibidem, Vol.25,p.126,t.3,f.3,3a(1898). - 799. A. punctirostre, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 425 (1839). punctirostre, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 211i (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p 297 (1895-96) ; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. fur. Vol. 42, p. 70 (1906). schmidti, Bach. Káf. Nord- und Mittel-Deutschl. Vol. 2, p. 206 (1854). BioLociEe : Frauenfeld, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 18, p. 159 (1868). 8oo. A. functilhorax, Wagner, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 767 (1909). juacticolle, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74, p. 156 (1905). 8or. A. functulivostre, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 57 (1889). 802. A. puritlauum, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 174, t. 5, f. 16 (1898). 803. A. pPutonz, Brisout de Barneville, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 6 (4), p. 386 (1866). putont, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 16 (1906) (Exafton). breviusculum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 151 (1894-95). 804. A. fygmaceum, Wagner. Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 29 (1911). 805. A. pyriforme, Kirsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 18, p. 417 (1874). 806. A. pyrifenne, Reitter, Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypte. Sep. p. 15 (1908) (Onyc£- apion). 807. A. quadricolle, Fall, Trans. Amer. Soc.Vol. 25, p. 113, t. 2, f. 2,24 (1898). 808. A quadricostatum, Schilsky, Küst.-Iraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 8 (1906) (Ceratapion ). 809. A. quadrispinosum, Wollaston, Col. Hesp. p. 127 (1867). 8ro. A. quercicola, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Co!. Vol. 4, p. 6o (1889). Sir. A. vadiolus; Kirby. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 73 (1808). vadiolus, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 246, t. 3, f. 13 (1817); Schónherr. Gen. Spec Curc. Vol. r, p. 263 (1833) ; Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 165 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass Seine, Vol. 6, p. 365 (1585); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 43 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 51 (1901); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 17 (1906-08) ( Aspidapton). aeneum, Paykull, Fauna Suec. Vol. 3, p. 180 (1800), var. /. 79 West-Australien. Mexiko. Brasilien. Kaukasus. Kilimandjaro. Europa, Algier, Syrien. Britisch Ne- vada. Mittel- und Süd-Ost-Eu- ropa, Kaukasus, Sibirien. Columbien, Madagaskar. Mexiko. Pennsylvanien. Spanien. Süd-Amerika.' Peru. "Transkaspien. Mississippi. Syrien. Kap Verde, Fogo. Mexiko. Europa, Algier, Turkestan, Syrien, Erythrea. 80 COLEOPTERA aterrimum, Marsham, Ent. Brit. Vol. 1, p. 244 (1802). oxurum, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. o. p. 73 (1808). rougeti, Wencker, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 6 (3), p. 106 (1858). var. chalybeipenne, Wollaston, Ins. Madera, p. 413 (1854). var. foveatoscutellatum, Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 19 (1006-08). var. ferruginipes, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 166 (1864). BiorocirE : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 453 (1863) ; Frauenfeld, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 16, p. 962 (1866); Wagner, Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Ins.-Biol. Vol. 14 (5), p. 54 (1909). &12. A. rapulum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 175 (1864). rapulum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 245 (1895-96) ; Schilsky, Küst-- Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 90 (1902). 813. A. reclusum, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 126, t. 3, f. 2, 2a 1898). 814. P. reconditum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 432 (1839). 815. A. rectangulum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 3o (1908) (Catapion). 816. A. vectinasus, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 12, p. 56 (19094). 817. A. vectipes, Desbrochers, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. LVI (1891); Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 11 (1896-97) (Ceratafion). 818. A. rectirostre, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 58 (1906). 819. 4. recurvum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 43 (1911) (ehinapion). 820. A. veflexum, Gyllenhall, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 290 (1833). — Taf. 4, Fig. 12. reflexum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 239 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 376 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p.299 (1895-96) ; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42. p. 66 (1906). differens, Desbrochers, Opusc. Vol. rz, p. 28 (1874-75). livescerum, Gyllenhall, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 298 (1853). translatitium, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, ibidem, Vol. 5, p. 427 (1839). 821. A. veitieri, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. r. p. 108 (189r); Vol. 5, p- 243 (1895-96). reitteri, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 52 (1906). 822. A. veilterianum, Wagner, Wien. Ent.Zeit Vol.31, p.84 (1912) (Taeniafion). 823. A. velictum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.- Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 7o (1889). 824. A. residuum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. t9, p. 49. t. 5, f. 6 (1911) ( Piezotrachelus). 825. A. vestriclicolle, Motschulsky, Etud. Ent. Vol. 7, p. 94 (1858). 826. A. retusipenne, Nagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p.28,t 3,f.6(r9r1). 827. A. vevelliesei, Perris, L'Abeille, Vol. 7, p. 24 (1870). revellierei, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 21 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 8 (190r) (PArissotrichium). diversum, Desbrochers, Mitt, Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 186 (1870). 828. A. veyi, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 19 (1896-97) (Exapron). 829. A. rhodesiacum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 15 (1908). 83o. A. rhomboidale, Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 182 (1870); Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 287 (1895-96). rhombotdale, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 100 (1902). I. A. rhomboideum, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol r5. p. 246 (1854). 32. A. vipicola, Hartmann, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 79 (1906) (Pseudo- piezotrachelus). 833. A. vobusticorne, Desbrochers, Acad. Hippone, Vol. 9, p. 44 (1866); Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 105 (1893-94). robusticorne, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 20 (1gori) (Ceratapion). insolitum, Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 196 (1870). Madeira. Griechenland, Türkei. Frankreich, Algier. New Jersey. Pennsylvanien, Mashonaland. Süd-Frankreich. Tanger, Algier. Mandschurei. Afrika. Europa, Algier, Sibirien. "Turkestan. Aegypten. Mexiko. Süd-Afrika. Indien. Süd-Amerika. Corsica Ost-Pyrenàen. Rhodesien. Krain, Süd-Ungarn, Bos- nien, Herzegowina. Columbien. TTransvaal. Spanien, Algier, Tunis. EAM. CURCUIIONIDZS 834. A. vobustirostre, Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent Ges. Vol. 3, p. 184 (1870); Le Frelon. Vol. 3. p. 53 (1893-94). robustirostre, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42. p. 34 (1906) (Perapion). 835. A. robustum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 45 (1884). robustum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 119 (1898). obesum, Smith, ibidem, Vol. 11, p. 49 (1884). 836. A. roepkei, Wagner, Soc. Ent. Vol. 24, p. 153 (1909-10). 837. A. rostrum, Say, Journ. Acad. Sc. Philad. Vol. 5, p. 253 (1827); Descript. Curc. North Amer. p. 6 (183r). vostrum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent, Soc. Vol. 11, p. 63 (1884); Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 151 (1898). sayt, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p 252 (1833). serobicolle, Gyllenhal,in Schónherr, ibidem, Vol. 5, p. 374 (1839) ; Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. r21 (1864); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 304 (1906-08). BiorociE : Harris, Ins. Massachuss. p. 59 (1841). 838. A. rolundatum, Wagner, Soc. Ent. Vol. 24, p. 154 (1909-10). 839. A. rotundipenne, Wollaston, Ins. Mader. p. 415, t. 8, f. 6 (1854). rotundipenne, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 66 (1864). 840. A. rubens, Stephens, Ill, Brit. Vol. 4, p. 174 (183r). rubens, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 246 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 384 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p- 24 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 54 (190r). algiricum. Everts, Tijdschr. v. Ent. Vol. 22, p. 5o, t. 5, f. d (1879). podolicum, Rybinski, Bull. Acad. Cracovie, p. 12, t. 3, f. 5 (1902). 841. A. rubicundum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5 p. 400 (1839). 842. A. rubidum, Fàhveeus, Oefv. Vet. Akad. Fórh. p. 238 (1871). 843. A. rubrirostre, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 13 (1911). 844. A. vudicolle, Hochhut, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Vol. 24, p. r2 (1851). Yudicolle, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1r, p. 230 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 16 (1896-07). 845. A. rufescens, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 273 (1833). rufescens, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1r, p. 163 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 39 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 97 (1gor) (Taeniapion). pallidulum. Gylenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 400 (1839). var. notatum, Wagner, Wien. Ent. Zeit. Vol.3r, p.84(1912).— T af. 8, Fig. 12. 846. A. rufipenne, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, ibidem, p. 397 (1839). . rufipenne, Nagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 302 (1906-08). rufinulum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 69, t. 2, f. 24 (1889). semicastaneum, Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol 54, p. 320 (1893). 847. A. rufipes, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol, 5, p. 389 (1839). 848. A. rufirostre, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 132 (1775). — Taf. 83, Fig. 9. rufirostre, Herbst, Kàf. Vol. 7, p. 111, t. 102, f. 10 (1779); Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 154, t. 4, f. 11 (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 274 (1833); Wencker. L'Abeille, Vol. I, p. 185 (1864); Bedel, Faune Coll. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 366 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 33 (1893-94); Schilsky. Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 30, p. 57 (1902) (Pseudapion). malvarum, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. o, p. 33 (1808). trifolii, Marsbam, Ent. Brit. Vol. 1, p. 246 (1802). var. stephani, Vitale, Bull. Soc. Ital. Vol. 21, p. 148 (1887). Brorocis : Kaltenbach, Pflanzenfeinde, p. 67 (1874); Wagner, Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Ins.-Biol. Vol. 5 (14), p. 55 (1909). 849. A. rufobrunneum, Wagner, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 767 (1909). pullum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74, p. 135 (1905). , 81 Algier, Tunis. "Texas, Illinois. java. Nord-Amerika. Erythrea. Canarische Inseln. Europa, Algier. Kaffernland. Kaffernland., Süd-Amerika. Kaukasus. Südliches Mittel- Europa, Süd-Europa, Algier, Sy- rien. Griechland. Mexiko, Brasilien, Vene- zuela. Kapland. Europa, Syrien, Algier. Sicilien. Madagaskar. 856. 857. R63. 866. 8657. co CO - oM Bh Ds Hh . A. rugicolle, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 20r, t. 3, f. Oo. I. COLEOPTERA . A. rufo-nigrum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 78, p. 460 (1909). . Yufo-piceum, Wagner, Soc. Ent. Vol. 24, p. 26 (1909). . vufo-burpureum, Reitter. Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypte. p. r4 (1905). . Yufo-testaceum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. r9, p. 38 ( 1911). . A. vufulum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 162 (1864). rufulum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3. p. 40 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 3o (1906) (Taeniapion). semirufum, Rey, L'Echange, p. 54 (1885). 18 (18r). xugicolle, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. zr, p. 262 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 126 (1864); Bedel. Faunc Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 384 (1885): Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 21 (1893-94) Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 6 (1901) ( PArissotrichium). hirsutum, Villa, Col. Eur. Dupl. Suppl. p. 40 (1835). setiferum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 266 (1833). BioLocir : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 456 (1563); Kaltenbach, Pflanzenfeinde, p. 43 (1874). A. rugifrons, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 373 (1839). A. rugipenue, Hochhut, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Vol. 24, p. r1 (1851). rugipenne, Nencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 137 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 9 (1896-97). . A. rumaniacum, Wagner, Bull. Soc. Sc Ruman. Vol. 19, p. 944 (1910) (Ceratapion). . A. vuspolii, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 202 (1909) ( Piezotrachelus). . A. russeolum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 398 (1839). tropicum, Hartmann, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 392 (1904). . A. ryei, Blackburn, Ent. Monthly Mag. p. 178 (1874) (Protapion). . A. sagitliferum, Wollaston, Ins. Mader. p. 410 (1854). sagittiferum, Nencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 264 (1864) ( Taeniapion). A. salpingoides, Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 132 (1911). mediocre, Begyuin-Billecocq. ibidem, p. 463 (1909). . A. samareuse, Faust, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 25, p. 411 (1891). samareunse, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 21 (1896-97); Schilsky, Küst -Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 3o, p. 49 (1902); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 19t (1906-08) (Catapion). 5. A. samson, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 84, t. 3, f. 23 1889). A. sanctifelicis, Sharp, ibidem, p. 77, t. 2, f. 19 (1889). A. sanguineum, De Geer, Mém. Ins. Vol. 5, p. 251 (1775). sanguineum, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 284 (1533); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 246 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 383 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 24 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 55 (1901) (Erythrapion). rufum, Solari, Ann. Mus. Stor. Nat. Genova, Vol. 42, p. roo (1905); Wagner, Münch, Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 311 (1006-08). . A sanguinipes, Wagner, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 69, p. 68 (1908). var. atripes, Wagner, ibidem, p. 69 (1908). . A. sareptanum, Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 2. p. 216 (1867); Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 103 (1893-94). sarebtanum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 22 (1901) (Cerat- apion). curtibenne, Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 179 (1870). A. sauteri, Wagner, Soc. Ent. Vol. 24, p. 27 (1909) (Ptiezotrachelus). A. scalbtum, Rey, in Mulsant. Opusc. Ent. Vol. 9, p. 9 (1859). scalptum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r. p. 131 (1864); Bedel. Faune Col. Argentinien. Formosa. Aegypten : Cairo. Mashonaland, Natal. Ungarn, Mittelmeergebiet. Mittel-Europa, westliches Mittelmeergebiet. Brasilien. 'Taurien. Rumiüànien. Coromma, Transvaal, Deutsch OsSst- Afrika. Schottland. Madera. Argentinien. Süd-Russland, Sibirien. Kaukasus, Panama. Panama. Europa, Algier, Transkaspien. Syrien, Abessinien. Erythrea. Süd-Russland, Rumünien, Süd-Ungarn, Türkei. Formosa. Südliches Mittel- Europa, Süd-Europa. Kaukasus. 875 880. 881 882. FAMCOCURCUIIONIID2: Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 364 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p- 99 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz. Káf. Eur. Vol. 39. p. 9 (1902) |Ceratapton). 2. A. schilskyi, Wagner. Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 33 (1906-08). gibbosum, Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 48, p. 303/1887); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 123 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 3o, p. 76 (1902); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 192 (1906-085). . A. schneideri, Tournier, Schneider & Leder, Beitráge, p. 306 (1878). . A. schónherr, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p- 406 (1839). schünherri, WNencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 196(1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 368 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 201 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 83 (1gor) (Protapton). . A. schoutedeni, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 40 (1908) ( Piezotrachelus). var. salsburgense, Wagner, ibidem, p. 41 (1908) ( Piezotrachelus). . A. schróderi, Wagner, Ann. Soc Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 211 (1909). . A. scolobax, Gerstácker. Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. r5. p. 248 (1854). 3. A. sculpticolle, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6. p. 8 (1896-97) (Cerat- apion). . A. sculpturatum. Faust, Ann. Mus. Stor. Nat. Genova, Vol. 40, p. 38 (1899) (Conapion). A. scutellare, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. ro, p. 353 (1811). seutellare, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 223 (1817) ; Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 290(1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol r, p. 225 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 375 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 272 (1895-96; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf, I:ur. Vol. 39, p. 84 (1902). kirbyi, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 3, p. 5o (1818). ulicicola. Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 9. p. 90, t. 4, f. 2-6 (1840). BrorLociE : Perris, ibidem, p. 9o (1840). . A. scydmaenoides, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 67, t. 3, f. 13 (1889) A. sedi. Germar. Mag. Ent. Vol. 3. p. 49 (1818). sedi, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 443 (1839); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 251 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 381 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 61 (1893-94); Schilsky. Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol, 38, p. 64 (190r) (Perapron). tumidicolle, Bach, Káf. Nord- und Mittel-Deutschl. Vol. 2, p. 201 (1854). BiorocrE ; Buddeberg, Jahresb. Nassau, Ver. Nat. Vol. 38, p. 90 (1885). . A. sefrense, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. ro (1896-97) (Cerat- apion). . A. segne, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 232 (1895). 5. A. segnipes, Say, Descr. Curc. North Amer. p. 6 (183r) segnipes, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 59 (1884); Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 161, t. 5, f. 7, 7a (1898). cinereum, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 250 (1854). 886. A. semicyanescens, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 12, p.54 (1904). 887. A. seminudum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. r9, p. 15 (1911). 888. A. semivitlatum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p»27 (1999) semivittatum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 158 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass Seine, Vol. 6, p. 362 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 36 (1893-94); Schilsky. Küst-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 98 (19or) ( Taeniapion). albopilosum, Lucas, Explor. Algier, p. 408, t. 35, f. 5a-d (1848). centrimacula, Betta, Cat. Col. Lomb. p. 52 (1844/. 83 Margelan. IKaükasus. Südliches Mittel- Europa, Süd-Europa, England. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Salisbury, Rhodesien. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Aragua. Samarkand. Neu-Guinea. Westlich. und Süd-Europa, Klein-Asien, Syrien, Al- gier, Tunis. Panama. Europa, Sibirien. Algier. Central- und Süd- Afrika. Nord-Amerika. 'Turkestan. Central-Amerika. Mittel- und Süd-Europa. Algier, Tunis, Syrien, Kaukasus. 84 COLEOPTERA germari, Walton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. 13, p. 456 (1844). pallidactylum, Gyllenhall,in Schónherr,Gen. Spec. Curc.Vol. 5, p. 394 (1839). BioroGiE : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 457 (1863). 889. A. semolum, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 291 (1898). 890. A. senex, Wollaston, Cat. Canar. Col. p. 306 (1864). 891. A. seniculus, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 61 (1808). — Taf. 4, Fig. 8. seniculus, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 216 (1817) ; Schonherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 285 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 181 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 378 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 250(1895-96); Schilsky, Kust.-Kriaatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 44 (1902) (Catapion). murinum, Everts, Le Natural. Sicil. Vol. 2, p. 252 (1889). palpebratum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 255 (1533). plebejum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 215 (1817). pusillum, Stephens, Ill. Brit. Vol. 4, p. 179 (1831). setosum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 180 (1864). tenuius, Gyllenhall, Fauna Suec. Vol. 3, p. 57 (1813). var. jaffense, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 250 (1895-96). var. meieri, Desbrochers, ibidem, Vol. o, p. 82 (1899-1900). BiorocrE ;: Frauenfeld, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 16, p. 963 (1866). 892. A. separandum, Aubé, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 6 (4), p. 163 (1866). ( Taeniapion). BiorociE : Aubé, ibidem, p. 163 (1866). 893. A. seriatoselosulum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 179 (1864). seriatosetosulum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 161 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 41 (1902) (Catapion). neapolitanum, Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 200 (1870). 894. A. seriatum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 6o, t. 3, f. (1889). - 895. A. seriepilosum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg Vol. 16, p. 14 (1905). 896. A. selifrons, Wagner, ibidem, Vol. 19, p. 17 (1911). 897. A. setluliferum, Beguin- Billecocq, Ann.Soc.Ent.Fr.Vol. 76, p. 36(1907). 898. A. selulosum, Beguin-Billecocq, ibidem, Vol. 74, p. r46 (1905). — IDats5 Eig: 899. A. severini, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 5r. p. 273 (1907) (Rhinapion.) 900. A. shingalense, Heller, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 341 (1901). got. A. skarpi, Faust, ibidem, p. 295 (1898) ( Prezotrachelus). 902. A. simile, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. ro, p. 351 (1811). simile, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2. p. 208 (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 424 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 181 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 377 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 244 (1895-96) ; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 89 (1902). eppelsheimi, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 170 (1887). superciliosum, Gyllenhal, Fauna Suec. Vol 3, p. 58 (1813). triste, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 233, t. 3, f. 2 (1817). 903. A. simillimum, Desbrochers, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 9 (6), p. LVII (1889) (Ceralapion). 904. A. simplex, Beguin- Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.Vol.75, p. 459 (1909). 905. A. simulans, Beguin-Billecocq. ibidem, p. 452 (1909). 906. A simum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 235, t. 4, f. 8 (1817). simum, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 296 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol.1, p. 262(1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine,Vol.6, p. 380(1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 65 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur, Vol. 38, p. 61 (1901) (Perapion). BroLociE ;: Frauenfeld, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 16, p. 96511866). 907. A. singulare, Nencker, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 180 (1863). Indien. Canarische Inseln. Europa, Algier, Tunis, Syrien, Klein-Asien, Sibi- ren, Turkestan, Mand- schurei. Corsica, Süd-Frankreich. Mittelmeergebiet. Honduras. Mashonaland. Nicaragua. Madagaskar. Madagaskar. Congo. Ceylon. Indien : Belgaum. Europa, Algier, Klein- Asien, Sibirien. Sarepta. Argentinien. Argentinien. Mittel. und Süd-Europa, Algier. Neu-Caledonien. 9. A. squamans, FAM. CURCULIONID/E . A. sinuirostrum, Fall, Trans, Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p, 121, t. 2. f. 21 (1898). . A. sjóstedti, Wagner. in Sjóstedt, Ergebn. Vol. 1, Teil 7 (9), p. 96 (1908). . A. smithi, Wagner, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 767 (1909). aeneipenne, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. r1, p. 6r (1884); Fall, ibidem, Vol 25, p. 136 (1898). . A. socium, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 5r, p. 382 (1907) (Pseudopiezotrachelus). — Taf. 5, Fig. 6. Exped. Kilimandjaro, . A. solanii, Lea. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 23. p. 612 (1898). . A. solari, Wagner, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 69. p. 69 (1908). . A. soleatum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16. p. 33 (1908) ( Perapion). 5. A. solitare, Sharp. Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 73 (1889). . A. solutum, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc Vol. 25, p. 168 (1898). - A. sordidum, Smith. ibidem, Vol. rr, p. 48 (1884). sordidum, Fall. ibidem, Vol 25. p. 127 (1898). vespertinum, Casey, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. Vol. 7. p. 67 (1884). var. californicum, Smith, Trans Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 52 (1884) . A. spadiceum, Wagner, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 69, p. 66 (1908). subsp. villosulum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. r9. p. 39 (1911). . A. sparsum, Faust. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 43, p. 43r (1899). luminosum, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 5r, p. 272, 380 (1907). . A. spectator, Sharp. Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col Vol. 4. p. 6r (1889). 21. A. spence, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 57, t. z, f. 13 (1808). spencei, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 204 (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 3o4 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 232 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 371 (1885); Desbrochers. Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 272 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 24 (1902). columbinum, Stephens, Ill. Brit. Vol. 4, p. 194 (1831). cyaneum, Gyllenhal, Fauna Suec. Vol. 3, p 45 (1813). foveolatum, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 9 (1808). intrusum, Gyllenhal, Fauna Suec. Vol. 4, p. 550 (1827). A. spinicoxale, Wagner, Ent. Blátt. Vol. 4, p. 103 (1908) (Protapion). . A. spinipes, Fall. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 169 (1898). . A. spinitarse, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19. p. 18(rgr1) 5. A. spissum, Faust, Stett Ent. Zeit. Vol. 54, p. 317 (1893). ). A. splendens, Kirsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 18, p. 422 (1874). . A. splendidulum, Desbrochers, Opusc.Vol. 1r, p.27(1874-75); Le Frelon, Vol. 5. p. 283 (1895.96) splendidulum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 35 (1906). damascenum, Desbrochers, Opusc. Vol. rz, p. 29 (1874-75). V. A. sprelissimum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 48 (1889). Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. r5, p. 89 (1907-08) (Ceratapion) o. A. squamosum, Faust, Stett, Ent. Zeit. Vol. 45, p. 455 (1884). squamosum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 127 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.-Kaatz, Kàf, Eur. Vol. 39, p. 72 (1902); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr, Vol. 3, p. 190 (1906-08) (Metafion). . A. squamulatum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 275 (1833) ( Exapion). . A. standfussi, Wagner, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol rr, p. 259 (1907) (Aplemonus). . A. staudingeri, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 25 (1908). . A. steinbachi, Wagner, ibidem, Vol. 19, p. 11 (1911) (Bothryopteron). Florida. Kilimandjaro. Columbien. Süd-Afrika. Australien. Erythrea. Mashonaland. Mexiko. (Texas. Arizona. Californien. Süd-Afrika, Erythrea, Es- court ( Natal). Deutsch OstAfrika, Sene- gal, Congo. Guatemala. Europa, Algier. Persien. Arizona. Brasilien. Venezuela. Peru. Svrien, Palàástina. Mexiko. Ilein-Asien. 'Transkaspien. Kapland. 'Transvaal. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Brasilien. COLEOPTERXA . A. sternale, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74, p. 153 (A piotherium). . A. steveni, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 393 (1839). steveni, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3. p. 120 (1893-94) ; Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 29 (1901) (Ceratapion). var. nigerrimum, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 65 (1894); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 43, p. XI (1906). var, picipes, Wagner, Münch. Kol, Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 208 (1906-08). Schilsky. Küst.- 937. A. stolidum, Gexmar, Mag. Ent Vol. 2. p. 218, t. 2, f. 5 (1817). stolidum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. zi, p. 139 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 365 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p- 119 (1893-94) ; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf, Iur. Vol. 38, p. 25 (190r) (Ceratapzon). confluens, Gyllenhal, Fauna Suec. Vol. 4, p. 53r (18271. 938. A. striaticebs, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 20 (1908). 939. A. striatum, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 22, t. 1, f. 1o (1808). — Taf. 4, Fig. 9. striatum, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 305 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 171 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 375(1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 277 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 78 (1902). atratulum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 192, t. 3, f. 16 (1817). pisi, Germar, ibidem, p. 190 (1817). 940. A. siriclum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 239 (1895-96). 941. A. strigipenne, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 25 (1902) (Erythrapion). 942. A. strobilanthi, Desbrochers, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Vol. 59, p. 215 (1890). 943. A. subaeneum, Gerstücker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 252 (1854). portoricanum, Gerstácker, ibidem, p. 278 (1854). 944- A. subangultrostre, Wagner, ibidem, Vol. 69, p. 75 (1908). 945. A. subauratum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 76, t. 3. f. 17, 17a (1889). 946. A. subcandidum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 39. p. 69 (1902) (Metapion). 947. A. subcatenalum, Wagner, Rev. Zool. Afric. Vol. r, p. 256 (1911). 948. A. subcavicebs. Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 97 (1893-04) (Cerat- apion). 949 A. subconicebs, Desbrochers, ibidem, Vol. 12. p. 57 (1904). 950. A. subcostatum, Motschulsky, Etud. Ent. Vol. 7, p. 92 (1858). 951. A. subdentirostre, Desbrochers, Opusc. Vol. r, p. 27 (1874-75); Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. ror (1893-94). subdentirostre, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kát. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 7 (1906) (Cerat- apion). 952. A. subelongatum, Wagner, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 69, p. 71 (1909) (Catapion). 953. A. subfarinosum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 23 (1896-97) (Catapion). 954. A. subglabratum, Wagner, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p 766 (1909). coerulescens, Kirsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 18, p. 421 (1874). 955 A. subglabrum, Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 183 (1870); Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 289 (1895-96). subglabrum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 37 (1906). glabratum, Kiesenwetter, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 8. p. 280 (1864). glabrum, Gemminger, Col. Hefte, Vol. 8, p. 123 (1871). 956. A. subglobosum, Gerstücker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 243 (1854). Madagaskar. Süd-Russland, pien. Aulie-Ata. Europa, Algier. Natal. Europa, Algier. Kaukasus. Kaukasus. Sikkim. Portorico. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Guatemala. Andalusien. Congo. Mittelmeergebiet. Carcassonne. Ost-Indien. Palàstina. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. 'Turkestan. Peru. Südl. Mittel-Europa, telmeergebiet. Nord-Amerika. 'Transkas- Mit- 957. 965. 966 967. 968. 969 970. 971. FAMPUCURCULIONTIDZAS A. sublaevithorax, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 107 (1893-94) (Ceratapion). : V. A. sublineatum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, IXaf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 21 (1906) (Exapion). - A. submaculatim, Beguin-Billecocq. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 78. p. 456 (1909). . A. submetallicum, Boheman, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p- 376 (1839) submetallicum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 48 (1889). - A4. submtidum, Wagner, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 69, p. 84 (1908). 2. A. subnudum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 21. t. 2, f. 2 (euomm)s - A. subornatum, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent Soc. Vol. 25, p. 164 (1898). - A. subparallelum. Desbrochers, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. CXCIII (1888); Le Frelon. Vol. 4, p. 153 (1894-95). subparallelum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 38. p. 32 (19gor) (Exapion). var. subrectirostre, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 153 (1894-95). . subplumbeum, Desbrochers, ibidem, Vol. 12, p. 108 (1904). . subpubescens, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 176 (1864). subpubescens, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5. p. 252 (1895-96) (Catapion). . subrufum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 68 (1889). . subsquamosum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5. p. 247 (1895-96). . subtinctum | Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 138 (1898). A. subtrapezicolle, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 27 (1896-97). . subulatum, Kirby, Trans Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 28, t. 1, f. 5 (1808). subulatum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 146, t. 4, f. 21a, 5 (1817); Schón- herr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 371 (1839); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 120 (1864); Bedel. Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 373 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 12 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz. Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 47 (1901) (Oxystoma). marshami, Stephens. Ill. Brit. Vol. 4, p. 168 (1831). BioLocriE ;: Spence, in Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol, 3, p. 38 (1818); Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 453 (1863). 972. A. subulirostre, Gyllenhall, in Schónherr. Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. r, p. 266 (1833). 973. A. suetum, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 292 (1898) (Conapion). 974. A. sulcatipenne, Hartmann, ibidem, p. 394 (1904). 975: A- sulet/vons,. Elerbst, IKal- Vol 750p» 1325. t. 103, f£. 12 ((1797)- sulcifrons, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 189, t. 2, f. 10 (1817) ; Schónherr, Gen, Spec. Curc. Vol. 1r, p. 306 (1833); Wencker. L'Abeille, Vol. x, p. 209 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 121 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 28 (1901) (Ceratapion). var. cuprifulgens, Schilsky, ibidem, Vol. 43, p. XI (1906). 976 A. sulcirostre, Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 295 (189/). 977- A. sulphuripes, Kirsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 18, p. 418 (1874). 978. A. superbum, 'Tournier, L'Abeille, Vol. 5, p. 147 (1868). d supzrbum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 5o (1893-94) (Aplemonus). suspiciosum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 76, p. 31 (1907). A. sustrictum, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 5r, p. 276 (1907) (Conafion). - A. suturale, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74, p. 152 (1905) (Apiotherium). A. symbolum, Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 58, p. 178 (1897). 87 Kaukasus. Armenien. Argentinien. Mexiko. Abessinien. Brasilien. "Texas. Westliches biet. Mittelmeerge- Arabien. Algier, Oran. Guatemala. Portugal "Texas. Syrien. Europa, Algier, Syrien, Si- birien. Brasilien. Indien, Belgaum. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Europa , Klein- Asien, Transkaspien. Syrien, Japan Peru. Aegypten. Madagaskar. Congo. Madagaskar. Fergusson. 984. 986. 987. 988. 989. 999r Que 992. 993. 994. 1000. IOOI. I002. I003. I004. IOO5. IOO6. I007. IOO8B. IOOQ. IOIO. COLEOPTERA . A. syriacum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 6 (1896-97) (Taeni- afton). A. tabogense, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 52 (1889). 5. A. tamaricis, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5 p. 388 (1839). tamarictis, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 126 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 17 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 1 (1roor) (OzycAapion). gautardi, Tournier, L'Abeille, Vol. 5, p. 146 (1868). A. tanganum, Hartmann, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 83 (1897). A. tantillum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 55 (1889). A. tauricum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 1o, p. 159 (1900-01) (Cerat- afion). A. teapense, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 76 (1889). A. tellinii, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53, p. 211 (1909). A. tenebricosum, Gemminger, Col. Hefte, Vol. 8, p. 123 (1871). obscurum, Blanchard, in Gay, Hist. Chile, Vol. 5, p. 3oo, t. 22, f. 4a-c (1851). A. tenebrosum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 43 (1908) (Piezotrachelus). A. tenerum, Kirsch, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 18, p. 414 (1874). A. tenue, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 6r (1808). — Taf. 4, Fig. Il. lenue, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 213 (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 287 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 209 (1864): Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 376 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 280 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 81 (1902). Brorocrir : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 453 (1863). 5. A. tenuicolle, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 44 (1908) (Piezotrachelus). — Taf. 5, Fig. T. . A. tenuicorue, Wagner, ibidem, p. 37 (1908) (Conapion). . A. tenuforme, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 129, t. 3; f. 5, 5a (1898). . A. tenuirostre. Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 169 (1894-95) (Cat- apion). . A. lenuirostrum, Smith. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 62 (1884). tenuirostrum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 135, t. 4, f. 1 (1898). A. tereticolle, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 22 (1896-97) (Prot- apion). A. teretirostre, Lea, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales,Vol. 23, p. 610(1898). A. terminale, Sharp. Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 81 (1889). A . terrae-reginae, Blackburn, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. 17, p. 151 (1892). A. tessellatum. Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74, p. 147 (1905) A. testaceum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19. p. 3. t. 1. f. 1a, 0 (1911) (Coelopterapion). — Taf. 5, - ig. 1l. A. telrum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 74, p. 157 (1905). A. lexanum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. rr, p. 51 (1884). texanum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 122 (1895). A. tonsile, Faust. Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 280 (1895). A. transsylvanicum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 10 (1906) (Ceratapion). A. transvaaleuse, Hartmann, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 79 (1906). transvaalense, Nagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 58 (1908). Syrien. Panama. Mittelmeergebiet. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Guatemala. 'Taurien. Mexiko. Erythrea. Chili. Rhodesien. Peru. Europa, Aleier, Asien. Mashonaland. Mashonaland. Florida. 'Tunis. Nebraska, Kansas. Syrien. Australien. Mexiko. Oueensland. Madagaskar. Amer. mer., Brasilia. Madagaskar. "Texas. Indien. Siebenbürgen. 'Transvaal. EAM. CURCÜULIONIDZE 1o1I. A. frafezicolle, Nagner, in Sjóstedt, Ergeb. Exped. Kilimandjaro, Niojll. sie ML 7 (9) 39) (9377 fuofoje))]e ror2. A. triangulicolle, Motschulsky, Etud. Ent. Vol. 7, p. 92 (1858). IOI3. A. triviale, Fáhreus. Oefv. Vet. Akad. Fórh. p. 239 (1871). triviale, Wagner Mém. Soc, Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 58 (1995). ror4. A. froglodyles, Mannerheim, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Vol. 16 (2), p. 289 (1843). troglodytes, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. rr, p. 61 (1884); Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 137, t. 4, f. 6 (1898). lor5. 4. iruquii, Reiche, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 5 (3), p. 651 (1857). truquit, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol 1, p 193(1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 184 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst-Kraatz. Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 75 (1901) (Protaptzon). 1016. A. tschoffeni, Faust, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 18, p. 430 (1899). tschoffeni, Nagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 51, p. 376 (1907) (Rhtinapton). 1017. A. tuberculiferum. Motschulsky, Etud. Ent. Vol. 7, p. 94 (1858). 1018 A. tubiferum, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 284 (1833). — Taf. 3, Fig. 2. tubiferum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 125 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 22 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 9 (1901) (P/rissotrichium). var. sicauum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 125 (1864). BroroGrE : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 460 (1863); Xambeu, Rev. d'Ent. Caen, Vol. 9, p. 273 (1890); Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Vol. 11, p. 5o (1893). 1org. A. tubulatum, Fáhraeus, Oefv. Vet. Akad. Fórh. p. 240 (1871) (Prezo- trachelus). 1020. A. tucumanense, Beguin- Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 78, p. 458 (1909). 1021. A. lumefactiim, Beguin-Billecocq, ibidem, Vol. 74, p. 156 (1905). 1022. A. lumidum, Gerstücker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 271 (1854). 1023. A. luniceuse, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4. p. 167 (1894-95). tunicense, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 55 (1902) (Catapion). 1024. A. tuvbulentum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. rr, p. 56 (1884). tuybulentum, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 146 (1898). 1025. A. Lurkestanicum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 2, p. 107 (1892-93; Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 249 (1895-96). 1026. A. ugandanum, Wagner, Mém Soc Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 5o, t. 4, f. 4 (1911). 1027. A. uliciperda. Pandellé, in Grenier, Cat. Col. p. 183 (1867). uliciperla, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 142 (1896-97); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 37 (1901) (Exapion). ulicis, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 151 (1864) (ex parte). 1028. A. ulicis, Fórster, Nov. Spec. Ins. p. 31 (1771) ulicis, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 124 (1817); Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 269 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol r, p. 151 (1864j (ex parte); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 360 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon. Vol. 4. p. 144 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 36 (1901) ( Exafioz). carpini, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 269 (1833). ilicis, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. o. p. 18, t. r, f. 1 (1808). nigrivostre, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 163 (1798). sarothamni, Gredler. in Katter Ent. Mon. p. 331 (1882). var. nigripes, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 43, p. XXVII (1906). BioLociE : Goureau, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 5 (2), p. 250, t. 3, f. 10 (1847); Perris, Ann, Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 457 (1863). 1029. A. umbonijerum, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 174 (1898). 89 kilimandjaro. Ost-Indien. Süd-Afrika. Nord-Amerika. "Türkei, Syrien. Congo. Ost-Indien. Südliches Europa, Algier, Syrien. Süd-Afrika. Argentinia. Madagaskar. java. Tunis. Pennsylvanien, New York, "Texas. 'Turkestan. Uganda. Westliches — Mittelmeerge- biet. Südliches Europa, Algier. Maryland. 9o (C OIZEQPAVE/R/AS 103o. A. umbratum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 44, t. 5, f. 1 (1og1r) (Prezotrachelus). ro3r. A. umbrinum, Wollaston, Cat. Canar. Col. p. 314 (1864). ro32. A. uncipes, Wagner, Ann. Soc. Ent. Bele. Vol. 53, p. 198 (1909) (Piezotrachelus). 1033. A. undulipenne, Nagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg Vol. rg. p. 11, t. 3, f. r (191r). 1034. A. unguiculare, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kat. Eur. Vol. 39, p.36(1902). ungutculare, Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 309 (1906-08) 1035. A. unicum, Beguin-Billecocq, Ann. Soc. Ent, Fr. Vol. 74, p. 145 (1905). 1036. A. uiliseriatum, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 29, p. 185 (1885). uniseriatum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 106 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 13 (1901); Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 190 (1906-08) (Ceratapion). 1037. A. urlicarium, Herbst, Füssly, Arch. Vol. 5, p. 74 (1784). urticarium, Bedel. Faune Col. Bass Seine, Vol. 6, p. 361(1886) ; Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 39 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 95 (1901) ( Taeniapion). concinnum, Marsham, Ent. Brit. Vol. 1, p. 248 (1802). fasciatum, Olivier, Ent. Vol. 5. p. 39, t. 3, f. 57 (1808). lythri, Panzer, Fauna Germ. Vol. 17, p. 8 (1794) scalptor, Herbst, Kàf. Vol. 6, p. 105, t. 66, f. 10 (1796). vernale, Paykull, Monogr. Curc. p. 138 (1792); Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p- 131. t. 2, f. 7a, b (1817); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 162 (1864). ab. signatum, Naguer, Bull. Soc. Sc. Ruman. Vol. 10, p. 945 (1910). var. turcicum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 7 (1896-07). Brorocie : Frauenfeld, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 16, p. 064 (1866). 1038. A. usambarense, Hartmann, in Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 5 (1908). foveicolle, Hartmann, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 398 (1904). 1039. A. validum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 246, t. 3, f. 21a, b (1817). validum, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 416 (1839); Wencker., L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 164 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 42 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 52 (1901); Wagner. Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 3, p. 15 (1906-08) (Aspidapion). coeruleum, Herbst, Kàf. Vol. 7, p. 113, t. 102, f. 11 (1797). grimmi, Hochhut, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Vol. 20(2), p. 462 (1847). BioroarE : Wagner, Zeitschr. f. Wiss. Ins.-Biol. Vol. 14 (5), p. 55 (1909). ro40. A. varendorfi. Nagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 41 (1911). IO4I. A. varicorne, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. r1, p. 60 (1884). varicorne, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 159, t. 5, f. 4, 4a (1898). 1042. A. variegatum, N'eucker, L'Abeille, Vol. r. p. 188 (1864). variegatum, Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 361 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3. p. 3o (1893-94) ; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 64 (1906). BriorociE : Guerpel, Rev. Ent. Fr. Vol. 12, p. 257 (1893). 1043. A. varipes, Germar, Mag Ent. Vol. 2, p. 173 (1817). varibes, Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1i, p. 279 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. z, p. 199 (1864); Bedel, Fauna Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 367; (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 195 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 86 (190r). flavipes, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 133 (1775). 1044. A. varium, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 5, 38 (1908) (Piezotrachelus). colonus, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 342 1899) var. congruum, Wagner, Mém., Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 40 (1908). var. melichari, Wagner, ibidem, p. 40 (1008). var. occidentale, Wagner, ibidem, Vol. 19, p. 44 (1911) var. vicinum, Hartmann, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 3o9 (1904). Beira. Canarische Inseln. Süd-Afrika. Süd-Amerika. 'Turkestan, Buchara. Madagaskar. 'Transkaspien, Persien. Europa. Algier. Rumünien. Usambara, Britisch | Ost- Afrika. Europa, Algier, Syrien. I&enia. "Texas. Nieder-Osterreich, ^ Tyrol, Süd-Frankreich, Corsica. Europa, Algier, Syrien, Klein-Asien. Afrika. Süd-Afrika Ost-Afrika. West-Afrika. Ost- Afrika. FAM. CUÜRCULIONIDZE 1045. A. vastum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 64 (1902). 1046. A. velatum, Gerstácker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 278 (1854). velatum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 252(1864); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 4 (1901) (Perapion). aerugineum, Kirsch,in Leder, Beitr. p. 304 (1878); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 6, p. 3 (1896-97). helianthemi, Bedel, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 7 (6), p. CLIV (1887); Des- brochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 20 (1893-94). 1047. A. veniricosum, Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Vol. 9, p. 78 (1858). ventricosum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. rr. p. 55 (1884); Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25. p. 163, t. 5, f. 12, 12a (1898). typicum, Smith, ibidem, Vol. 11, p. 53 ' 1884). 1048. A. venustulum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 148 (1864). venustulum, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 163 (1894-95) (Catapion). 1049. A. versutum, Faust, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 6r, p. 514 (1892). 1050. A. verulamense, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 16, p. 19 (1905). 1051. A. vestitum, Philippi, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 25, p. 364 (1864). 1052. A. vetulum, Hartmann, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 395 (1904). 1053. A4. viciae, Paykull, Fauna Suec. Vol. 3, p. 18r (1798). — Taf. 4, Fig. 1O. viciae, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 150, t. 4, f. 15 (1817); Schonherr, Gen. Spec. Cufc. Vol. 1, p. 278 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 187 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 375 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 237 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz. Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 53 (1906). var. griesbachi, Stephens, Ill. Brit. Vol. 4, p. 179 (1831). var. rufinasus, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 238 (1895-06). BioroGiE : Perris, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 3 (4), p. 458 (1863). 1054. A. vicinum, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 25, t. 1, f. 3 1808). vicinum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 139 (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 379 (1839); Wencker. L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 143 (1864); Bedel, Faune, Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 379 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 4, p. 165 (1894-95); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 51 (1902) (Cataproz). incrassatum, Gexmar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 140, t. 2, f. 3 (1817). loti, Gyllenhal, Fauna Suec. Vol. 3. p. 60 (1813), var, sulcithorax, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 9, p. 82 (1901-02). BroLocrE : Kieffer, Ill. Zeitschr. f. Ent. Vol. 4, p. 7 (1899). 1055. A. vile, Gerstücker, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 15, p. 249 (1854). 1 1 1056. A. vincenti, Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 12, p. 54 (1904). 1057. A. vinosum, Sharp, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Col. Vol. 4, p. 70 (1889). 1058. A. violaceum, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9. p. 65, t. 1, f. 16 (1808). — Taf. 8, Fig, 7. violaceum, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 224 (1817); Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p, 293 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 254 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 382 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 3, p. 52 (1893-94! ; Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 7o (1901) (Perapion). cyazeum, Olivier, Ent. Vol. 5, p. 32 (1807). var, alpbinum, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 254 (1864). var. fallax, Wollaston, Cat. Canar. Col. p. 313 (1864). var. obscurum, Gerhard, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 335 (1898). var. virescens, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 38, p. 70 (1901). BroLociE : Laboulbéne, Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr. Vol. 2 (4), p. 565, t. 13, f. 16-22 (1862); Perris. ibidem, Vol. 3 (4). p. 462 (1863); Kaltenbach, Pflanzen- feinde, p. 514 (1874); De Stefani Perez, Il Natural. Sicil. Vol. 17, p. 177 (1905). Japan. Nieder-Oesterreich, Un- garn, BErankreich, Schweiz, Italien, Sicilien, Kaukasus, Klein-Asien. Arizona, Texas. Griechenland. Indo-China. Natal. Chile. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Europa, Algier, Asien. Syrien. Europa, Algier, Syrien. Hamburg. Baltimore. Aegypten. Guatemala. Europa, Algier, Syrien, Si- birien, Kaukasus, Trans- kaspien. Canarische Inseln. 92 COIZEOEPZERA 1059. A. virens, Herbst, Káf. Vol. 7, p. 118, t. 103, f. 6 (1797). virens, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 193(1817); Schoónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol, zr, p. 295 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 215 (1864); Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6, p. 377 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 290 (1895-96); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 71 (1906). aeneocephalum, Gyllenhal, Fauna Suec. Vol. 3, p. 49 (1813). marchicum, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Vol. 9, p. 54 (1808). var. atratulum, Vitale, Rivista Col. Ital. Vol. 3, p. 207 (1905). tristiculum, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 71 (1906). var. coeleste, Schilsky, ibidem, p. 71 (1906). var. violatum, Schilsky, ibidem, p. 71 (1906). BrioroctE : Frauenfeld, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 16, p. 963 (1866). 1060. A. viridicoeruleum, Everts, Tijdschr. v. Ent. Vol. 22, p. 59 (1879) (Ceratapion ?). 1061. A. virile, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 117 (1898). 1062. A. vorax, Herbst, Káf. Vol. 7, p. 119, t. 103, f. 8 (1797). vorax, Germar, Mag. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 141, t. 3, f. 3 (1817): Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 3o2 (1833); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 233 (1864): Bedel, Faune Col. Bass. Seine, Vol. 6. p. 373 (1885); Desbrochers, Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 231 (1895 1896); Schilsky, Küst.- Kraatz, Káf. Eur. Vol. 39, p. 61 (1902). desbrochersi, Kirsch, Ent. Monatsbl. Vol. 2, p. 13 (1880). Juscicornis, Marsham, Ent. Brit. Vol. 1, p. 244 (1802). longipes, Wollaston, Cat. Canar. Col. p. 315 (1864). pallicorue, GyMenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 1, p. 302 (1833). simplicipes, Desbrochers, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 60, p. LVII (180r). villosulus, Marsham, Ent. Brit. Vol. 1, p. 250 (1802). 1063. A. wagneri, Flach, Wien. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 25, p. 121 (1906) 1064. A. walshi, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. tr, p. 57 (1884). walshi, Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 142, t. 4, f. 12, 12a, 18 (1898). lanuginosum, Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. p. 269 (1867). vicinum, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 58 (1884). 1065. A. weisei, Faust, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 341 (1899). 1066. A. wenckeri, Brisout de Barneville, in Grenier, Cat. Col. p. 96 (1863). wenckeri, Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. r, p. 124 (1864); Desbrochers, Le Fre- lon, Vol. 3, p. 22 (1893-94); Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Káf. Eur Vol. 38, p. 10 (1901) (PArissotrichium). 1067. A. westwoodt, Wollaston, Cat. Canar. Col. p. 311 (1864) (Ceratapton). 1068. A. wingelmülleri, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 14 (1911). 1069. A. woerzi, Wagner, Münch. Kol. Zeitschr. Vol. 2, p. 377 (1904). woerzi, Schilsky, Küst.-Kraatz, Kàáf. Eur. Vol. 42, p. 32 (1906). 1070. A. wollastoni, Chevrolat, Rev. Zool. p. 579 (1852). wollastoni. Wollaston, Ins. Mad. p. 414, t. 8, f. 4 (1854); Wencker, L'Abeille, Vol. 1, p. 266 (1864 . 1071, A. xanthopus, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 375 (1839). — Taf. 5b, Fig. 9. sulcipenue, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr. Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 401 (1839). 1072. A. xanthorhynchum, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 2 t3 mmomm) 1073. A. xanthostylum, Wagner, ibidem. p. 40, t. 4. f. 2 (1911). 1074. Á. xantkoxyli, Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. r76, t. Slc f. 14, 14a (1898). 1075. A. zizyphii, Marshall, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 943 (1906) (Afle- monus). 1076. A. zuberi, Desbrochers, Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3, p. 199 (1870); Le Frelon, Vol. 5, p. 217 (1895-96) (Catafton). Europa, Algier, Syrien, Sibirien. Sicilien. Colorado. Europa, Algier, Canarische Inseln, Syrien Spanien, Portugal. Nord-Amerika. Afrika. Spanien, Portugal. Canarische Inseln. Brasilien. Montenegro, Corfu. Madeira. Brasilien. Brasilien. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Texas. Natal. Sarepta. FAM. CURCULIONIDZE 93 8. GENUS APIOMORPHUS, WAGNER Apiomorphus. Wagner, Mém. 5oc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 19, p. 33, t. 4, f. 1 (1911). Charaktere. — |n der Gesamtform zeigt diese Gattung einen grossen Anklang an die nàáchst- folgende; sie ist sehr ausgezeichnet durch die Armatur der Beine, durch die Art der Skulptur des Halsschildes, welche sich in gleicher We:se im ganzen Tribus der A7onni in keinem zweiten Falle bisher wiederholt, durch die Art der Behaarung, ferner durch die — ühnlich wie bei Mecoleunus, aber in nicht so hohem Grade — vergrósserten Vorderschenkel und endlich durch die Bildung der Fühlergruben, die áhnlich wie bei EwrEynchus gebildet sind. Der Umstand, dass von der einzigen Art der Gattung bisher nur das eine Geschlecht bekannt wurde, lásst in der Charakteristik Mángel und Lücken unum- ganglich erscheinen; immerhin sind die oben erwáhnten Charaktere so einschneidender Natur, dass die Rechte der generellen Selbststándigkeit ausser jeden Zweifel gestellt sind. Kopf konisch, hinter den grob facettierten, halbkugelig vorspringenden, ziemlich kleinen Augen ziemlich stark verlángert, durch eine feine Querlinie vom Scheitel getrennt. Rüssel ziemlich lang, von der Basis bis zur Fühlerinsertion schwach konisch, daselbst ziemlich stark skulptiert, von der Fühler- insertion zur Spitze sehr leicht verbreitert, glatt. Die Mandibeln deutlich sichtbar, die linke etwas grósser. Die Fühlergruben sind als kleine, runde Grübchen, die etwas gegen die Unterseite des Rüssels gerückt sind, ausgebildet. Furchen besitzt der Rüssel weder an den Seiten, noch unterseits. Die Fühler sind im basalen Drittel des Rüssels eingelenkt (ob in beiden Geschlechtern??); der Schaft ist langge- streckt, die Geisselglieder sind gleichfalls relativ lang, nur die zwei letzten rundlich; sámtliche sind lang bewimpert. Die Keule ist scharf abgesetzt, kurz spindelfórmig, scheinbar dreigliederig, fein pubescent. Der Halsschild ist nach vorne und hinten zugeengt, in der Mitte am breitesten; vor der Basis schwach niedergedrückt, wodurch die Woólbung seitlich gesehen ungleichmissig erscheint, indem die Wólbungslinie vom Vorderrand bis etwa zum basalen Fünftel eine gleichmássige Curve bildet, von da zum Basalrand jedoch eben verlàuft. Die Skulptur ist eine sehr dichte und relativ grobe Kórnelung ; vor dem Schildchen befindet sich eine nicht ganz die Mitte erreichende Làngsfurche. Die Vordercoxen sind sehr gross, nicht gleichmàssig geformt, da sie nach innen gegen die Basis zu eine stürkere Ausbauchung aufweisen; ihre Gelenkpfannen sind breit vereinigt und treten vorne ausserordentlich nahe an den Prosternalrand heran. Das Mesosternum ist schmal, gegen das Prosternum ziemlich stark abfallend; seine Episternen sind kurz, schief trapezoid, schmal; die Mittelhüften sind ziemlich klein, stumpft-kegelfórmig, ihre Gelenkpfannen sind schmal getrennt. Das Metasternum ist verháltnismàssig breit, stark làángs- und quer-gewólbt, glatt; seine Episternen sind schmal, an beiden Seiten verhiàlt nismássig stark wulstig gerandet. Die Hinterhüften ragen nicht über ihre Gelenkhóhlen empor, sind ziemlich klein und schmal; ihre Hóhlen sind breit getrennt, erreichen an der Aussenecke nicht die Flügeldecken. Die zwei ersten Abdominalsternite sind sehr stark gewólbt, sehr breit, ihre Trennungsnaht ist fast erloschen, nur an den Seiten schwach sichtbar; das dritte und vierte Sternit sind sehr schmal. liegen gegenüber den beiden ersten Sterniten stark vertieft; das fünfte Segment ist ziemlich breit lappen- fórmig, schwach gewólbt. Die Suturen zwischen den letzten Segmenten sind stark. Die Flügeldecken sind von neun starken, grob punktierten Streifen durchzogen, deren Zwischenráume gegen den Aussenrand der Decken hin schmàáler und kantig werden; die Schulterbeulen sind kráftig entwickelt. Das Schildchen ist deutlich sichtbar, lànglich-dreieckig. Die Flügel sind wohl entwickelt. Die Beine sind lang und schlank, die vorderen wesentlich lànger als die vier hinteren, namentlich die Schenkel; die Vorderschenkel sind auf der unteren Kante etwa im distalen Viertel mit einem ziemlich kráftigen, etwas gebogenen /zzeren, und zwei merklich kleineren, stumpferen, áusserem Záhnchen bewehrt; der Schenkel selbst ist an der Basis ziemlich dünn, nach der Mitte zu keulig verdickt; die wesentlich 94 COLEOPTERA schwücher verdickten vier hinteren Schenkel tragen, ebenfalls auf der unteren Kante, einen kurzen, scharfen Zahn. Die Vorderschienen sind gleichfalls viel láànger als die vier rückwártigen, gerade, am Apex mit einem schwarzen Bórstchenkranz besetzt. Das erste 'Tarsenglied ist gestreckt, das: zweite fast gleichseitig-dreieckig, beide sind unterseits schwarz, fast sammetartig besohlt; das dritte Glied ist breit gelappt, die Lappen bis auf den Grund getrennt, unterseits gelblich weiss, fast zottig besohlt. Das Klauenglied überragt das dritte Glied betrüchtlich, seine Klauen sind scharf, breit gespreizt, an der Basis breit, doch nicht sehr scharf gezáhnt. Die Behaarung trágt gleichfalls zur Charakteristik der Gattung viel bei; der Kopf ist an den Seiten mit einigen abstehenden, schwarzen Borstenhárchen besetzt. der Halsschild trügt in den schmalen Zwischenrüiumen der Kórnchen ebenfalls kurze, schwarze Hárchen und die Flügeldecken sind durch in den Punkten auf den Spatien inserierte, fast senkrecht abstehende, ziemlich lange, schwarze Borstenhaare ausgezeichnet. Die Farbe des ganzen Kórpers — mit Ausnahme der Fühler, Beine und des Rüssels — ist ein leuchtendes, metallisches dunkelblau mit einem Stich ins grünliche. Lànge (inclusive Rostrum) : 4,5-4,8 mm. Geographische Verbreitung der Art. — Die einzige Art der Gattung, welche mir nur in drei Exemplaren, die ich für Weibchen halte, vorlag, ist im Kapland (Kap der guten Hoffnung) heimisch. Ihre Entwicklung und Lebensweise sind unbekannt. I. A. cyaneus, Wagner, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. r9, p. 34. t. 4, f. r (1911). — Kapland. Taf. 6, Fig. 5. 9. GENUS MECOLENUS, SCHOÓNHERR Mecolenus. Schónherr, Mant. Sec. Curc. p. 7 (1847); Lacordaire, Hist. Nat. Ins. Vol. 6, p. 628 (1863); Fáhrzeus, Oefv. Vet. Akad. Fórh. Vol. 28, p. 242 (1871); Faust, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 5o, p. 79 (1889); Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 43 (1995). Charaktere. — Eine ganz ausserordentlich markante Gattung, welche habituell sehr an ein Perapion erinnert. Kórper pechschwarz, wenig glàánzend, scheinbar kahl. Lánge (inclusive Rostrum) : 4,5 bis 6,3 mm. Kopf fast vollkommen cylindrisch, hinter den màssig grossen, halbkugelig-gewólbten Augen stark verlàngert, durch eine fein eingeritzte Linie vom fein quergerieften Scheitel getrennt: sehr grob und ziemlich tief punk iert, die breite Stirne nebst dieser Skulptur mehr oder minder deutlich gefurcht. Rüssel — als einzige Ausnahme unter sámtlichen Apioninen! — beim Cf ein wenig lünger als beim Q, auch etwas schwücher gebogen; die schwache Krümmung nach abwárts liegt kurz vor der Spitze, wahrend dieselbe beim Q mehr der Mitte genáhert erscheint; der Rüssel ist in beiden Geschlechtern nahezu cylindrisch, nur an der Fühlerinsertion sehr schwach verbreitert, sehr grob — wie der Kopf — punktiert, wobei sich die Punkte auf dem Rücken des Rüssels mehr oder minder deutlich zu Làness- runzeln zusammenordnen ; seitliche Furchen fehlen, die Fühlerfurchen konvergieren stark gegen den Kopf hin und vereinigen sich an ihrem Ende, welches das Niveau des vorderen Augenrandes erreicht; der sie trennende Mittelkiel ist in der Mitte mehr oder minder deutlich gekielt. Die Fühler sind beim cf nahe der Spilse, beim Q etwas mehr der Mitte genáhert inseriert — und ebenfalls als einzige Ausnahme! — beim gf erheblich schlanker als beim. Q; sie sind scharf in die drei Abschnitte gegliedert; der Schaft ist langgestreckt, beim c lünger als beim Q; cy : Geisselglieder 1-4 fast gleich lang, fast doppelt so lang als das fünfte, dieses wenig lànger als das sechste, das siebente kaum lünger als breit; Q : erstes und zweites Geisselglied gleich lang, jedoch das erste etwas stárker, oval, das zweite verkehrt-kegelfórmig, mindes- FAM. CUÜRCULIONID/ZE 95 tens um ein Drittel kürzer als diese Glieder beim c und etwa um die Hálfte lànger als das dritte Glied beim 9 ; das vierte bis siebente Glied fast kugelig; die Keule deutlich viergliedrig, spindelfórmig, beim cj wesentlich grósser als beim Q und viel loser gegliedert, in beiden Geschlechtern relativ gross und deutlich abgesetzt, fein tomentiert, wáhrend die Geisselglieder vom zweiten ab an ihrem Ende ziemlich lang abstchend bewimpert sind. Halsschild in der Form sehr áhnlich wie bei Megatrachelus, an den Seiten von der nahezu gerade abgestutzten Basis gegen die Mitte schwach und leicht ausgebuchtet erweitert, in der Mitte am breitesten, daselbst gerundet, vor derselben durch eine scharfe, winkelig einspiingende Einschnürung wesentlich schmáler als an der Basis abgesetzt. die kurzen Seiten daselbst bis zum Vorderrande sehr schwach gerundet, der Vorderrand selbst erheblich schmáler als die Basis zwischen den in ihrer Anlage nahezu rechtwinkeligen Hinterecken; ausserordentlich grob — fast grübchenfórmig! — und sehr dicht punktiert, in der Mitte mit einem kráftigen. von der Basis bis nahe zum Vorderrand reichenden Lángseindruck. Vorderhüften fast kugelig, ihre Gelenkplannen nicht getrennt, mit ihrem Vorderrand dem Prosternalvorderrand ausserordentlich nahe gerückt. Mesoster- num nicht viel kürzer als das Metasternum, gegen das Prosternum hin müssig steil abfallend, abgeflacht, seine Seitenstücke durch scharfe Furchen getrennt. Metasternum ziemlich stark gewólbt, fein quergerieft und dazwischen grob, doch ziemlich zerstreut punktiert; die Episternen schmal, parallel. schwach kielfórmig erhoben. Mittelhüften ziemlich kurz, abgestutzt kegelfórmig, im Querschnitt an der Basis kurz oval, mit der Lüngsachse fast parallel der Kórpermediane eingestellt, ihre Gelenkhóhlen schmal getrennt. Hinterhüften flach, quer-elliptisch, ihre Hóhlen breit getrennt. Erstes und zweites . Abdominalsegment breit, ziemlich stark gewólbt, ihre Trennungslinie nur an den Seiten schárfer einge- drückt; die Sternite 3 und 4 ziemlich schmal, flach, gegenüber den beiden ersten müssig stark vertieft gelegen, das fünfte Sternit beim c' am Hinterrande gerade abgestutzt, beim Q breiter lappenfórmig gerundet. Schildchen deutlich ausgepràágt, rundlich, fast halbkugelig gewólbt. Flügeldecken mit kráftiger Humeralbeule; von neun kráftigen, fast kettenfórmig punktierten Furchen durchzogen, deren Zwischen- ráume nur wenig breiter als die Punktstreifen, flach, fein chagriniert und leicht quergerunzelt, gegen den Aussenrand der Decken etwas gekielt sind. Flügel wohl entwickelt. Beine von ganz exorbitantem Bau ; die vorderen Beine sinl in beiden Geschlechtern ganz erheblich kráftiger und grósser entwickelt als die zwei rückwürtigen Paare; die Schenkel der Vorderbeine sind in beiden Geschlechtern stark verdickt, am untern Rand unregelmássig, aber ziemlich dicht mit Kórnchen besetzt, die gegen das distale Ende hin kráftiger werden und daselbst schon als kleine Zühnchen erscheinen; die Vorderschienen sind in beiden Geschlechtern seitlich zusammengedrückt, an der Innen- und Aussenseite ziemlich scharf gekanntet und beiderseits der Kante von einer — namentlich beim cf aussen — deutlichen Furche becleitet, im übrigen grob punktiert; ziemlich stark nach einwárts gekrümmt, beim cf jedoch erheblich lànger als beim Q , wobei die apikale Innenecke in einen ziemlich langen und breiten Sporn ausgezogen ist, wahrend sie beim Q abgestutzt erscheint; an der apikalen Aussenecke befindet sich in beiden Geschlechtern eine ziemlich kráftige, breit und kurz rinnenfórmige Aushóhlung ; die Mittel- und Hinter- schenkel sind an ihrem unteren Rande gleichfalls, aber nur mit drei oder vier ziemlich kleinen Zühnchen, welche inehr dem distalen Ende genáhert sind, bewehrt. Die vier hinteren Schienen sind im. Wesent- lichen wie die vorderen gebildet, nur sind sie fast gerade, kurz und breit, und die distale Innenecke zeigt auch beim cf keine weitere Modifikation als den auch beim Q vorhandenen, dichten Bórstchen- besatz. Die Tl'arsen sind an allen Beinen und in beiden Geschlechtern gleich gebildet; das erste Tarsen- glied ist nahezu herzfórmig, kaum lánger als breit, das zweite viel breiter als lang, das dritte auffallend gross, bis auf den Grund gelappt, mit flachgestellten, asymmetrischen — innen leicht ausgebuchteten, aussen mássig gerundeten — breit getrennten Lappen, die das Klauenglied samt den Klauen um weniges überragen; alle drei Glieder sind unterseits mit einer goldgelben, grob sammetartigen Sohle versehen ; das Klauenglied besitzt ziemlich kurze, nach abwárts gerichtete, stark zurückgekrümmte und an der Basis 96 COLEOPTERA scharf gezühnte Klauen, an deren Grund in der Mitte ein starres, das dritte Glied merklich überragendes, etwas nach aufwürts gerichtetes Bórstchen inseriert ist. Mein verearter Colleze, Herr Beguin-Billecoeq, hat in obig citierter kleiner Abhandlung zum ersten Mal — nach ihm (relativ reichlich) vorgelegenem Materiale — ausführlich auf die Geschlechts- unterschiede der einzigen Art dieses hervorragenden Genus hingewiesen: allein er hat die Geschlechter verwechselt: die, wie in der Charakteristik erwáhnt, bei dieser Art gerade umge&ehrt wie sonst bei den Apioninen ausgeprügte Geschlechtsdifferenz, namentlich an. Rüssel und Fühlern, hat jedenfalls zu dieser Verwechslung die Veranlassung gegeben; ich habe nunmehr meine beiden Exemplare, die ich — in reciprokem Sinne wie Beguin-Billecocq — für cf und Q9 erkannte, auf ihre Genitalien hin untersucht und eine Bestátigung meiner Deutung des Geschlechtes erhalten; tatsáchlich hat der Mann die làngeren Fühler, den làngeren Rüssel, etc., etc. Geographische Verbreitung der Art. — Die einzige Art ist über Natal, Transvaal und die Oranje River Colony verbreitet und wahrscheinlich auch im. Kapland heimisch; leider ist über die Lebensweise dieses ausgezeichneten Vertreters der Apioninen noch nichts bekannt geworden. 1. M. waklbergi, Schónherr, Mant. Sec. Curc. p. 8 (1847). — Taf. 6, Süd-Afrika. Fig. 6, 6a. wahlbergi, Lacordaire, Hist. Nat. Ins. Vol. 6, p. 628 (1863); Fáhraeus, Oefv. Vet. Akad. Fórh. Vol. 28, p. 242(1871); Beguin-Billecocq, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 44 (1905). IO. GENUS TANAOS, SCHONHERR Tanaos. Schónherr, Disp. Meth. p. 63 (1826); Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 450 (1839). Charaktere. — Habituell einem Perafion infolge der flachgewólbten Decken und des kurzen, breiten Rüssels recht áhnlich; die wenigen Arten sind in der Kórpergrósse ziemlich egal, 7-10 mm. (inclusive Rüssel) und auch die Fárbung ist eine gleichartige; der Kórper ist entweder dunkel kastanien- oder pech-braun oder pechschwarz, wáührend die Flügeldecken und meist auch der Halsschild heller rostrot oder rótlich braun sind. Der Kopf ist breit, fast parallelseitig oder nur sehr schwach konisch, hinter den kleinen, flach- gewólbten Augen mehr oder minder stark verlingert, wie die breite Stirne mehr oder minder grob punktiert, der Scheitel durch eine feine Querfurche vom Kopf getrennt und mehr oder minder deutlich querrissig; unterseits ist die Querriefung vom Niveau des vorderen Augenrandes bis zu seinem Hinter- rande auffallend kráftig und dicht. Der Kopf zeigt stets eine dorsoventrale Abflachung, sodass sein Querschnitt oval erscheint. Der Rüssel ist ausserordentlich kráftig entwickelt und kurz, die Lánge des IXopfes nur wenig oder nicht übertreffend; er ist in beiden Geschlechtern an Lünge nur sehr wenig verschieden, hingegen beim Q meist sichtlich schwáücher als beim c entwickelt, ferner ist die Skulptur bei ersterem meist spürlicher und schwácher; er ist fast cyvlindrisch, zeigt an der Fühlerinsertion eine kaum merkliche Erweiterung; die Fühlerfurchen sind kurz und ziemlich breit und tief, reichen von der Mitte des Rüssels bis an seine Basis und treffen daselbst in einem Winkel von etwa 9o-959 zusammen. Die Mandibeln sind kráftig, die linke merklich stárker als die rechte und deutlich sichtbar. Die Skulptur des Rüssels ist von der des Kopfes kaum verschieden, eine starke und dichte Punk- tierung; seitliche Furchen fehlen demselben. Die Fühler sind robust, doch ziemlich lang; der Schaft ist kurz, so stark als das erste Geisselglied, doch vor seiner Basis plótzlich verdünnt und leicht gebogen; die Geisselglieder sind mehr oder minder rundlich, die letzten meist quer; die Keule ist stets breit FAM. CURCULIONIDJE 97 eifórmig, scharf abgesetzt, anscheinend dreigliedrig; die Absetzung zwischen dem dritten und vierten Glied ist eine wesentlich schwáüchere als zwischen den Gliedern t: -|- 2 und 2 4- 3, und geht durch die dichte Tomentierung der Keule noch mehr verloren. Der Halsschild ist nach vorne mehr oder minder stark, geradlinig oder leicht ceschweift verengt, kurz vor der Dasis am breitesten, dann gegen letztere kurz zugerundet und diese selbst fein aber scharf abgeseiz! gerandet, wodurch der Rand an den Aussen- seiten als kurze, fast rechtwinkelige Hinterecke erscheint; er ist gleichfalls dorsoventral abgeflacht; oberseits zeigt er stets eine ziemlich kráftige, mehr oder minder dichte Punktierung und ausserdem ist meist ein kurzes, tiefes Basalgrübchen ausgebildet, selten kommt auch hinter dem Vorderrand ein medianer Eindruck zur Ausbildung; am Vorderrand selbst ist der Halsschild kaum breiter als der Kopf. Die vorderen Coxen sind ein klein wenig hinter der Mitte eingelenkt, ziemlich kurz (nicht ausgespro- chen stumpf-kegelfórmig), ihre Hóhlen sind nicht so vollstándig wie bei 45ioz vereinigt, da die scharfen und feinen Fortsátze der vorderen und rückwártigen Prosternalplatten ziemlich tief zwischen die Hüften eindringen und nahe zusammenkommen. Das Meso- und Metasterrtum sind ziemlich flach, letzteres etwa doppelt so breit als das erstere; die Episternen des Mesothorax sind schwach trapezoid. die des Metathorax lang, schmal, vollkommen parallel. Die mittleren Hüften sind fast halbkugelig, ihre Hoóhlen ziemlich schmal getrennt, wobei der an ihrer Trennung teilnehmende Fortsatz des Mesos- ternums über ihre Mitte reicht und an seinem Ende knopffórmig verdickt erscheint. Das Abdomen ist flach gewólbt, die zwei ersten Sternite sind breit, jedes fast doppelt so breit als die Sternite 3 -|- 4 zusammen, welche vollkommen flach, relativ breit und gegenüber den zwei ersten Segimenten Zaun vertieft gelegen sind; das fünfte Sternit ist kaum schmáler als die zwei vorhergehenden zusammen, lappenfórmig, sehr schwach gewólbt. Die Suturen sind zwischen den Sterniten 2 -- 3, 3 |- 4 und 4 4- 5 sehr scharf eingeschnitten, zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Segment ist die Sutur (in Mitte wenig- stens) ziemlich undeutlich oder doch feiner als die übrigen. Die Hintercoxen sind nahezu abgestumpft- rechteckig oder breit-oval, lach gewóhlbt, ziemlich breit getrennt. Die Beine sind kráftig und ziemlich kurz, unbewehrt; das erste Tarsenglied ist so breit oder breiter als lang, das zweite sehr breit, fast kelchfórmig indem sein Gelenk ziemlich stark verlángert und sein Vorderrand konkav erscheint; das dritte Glied ist breit, bis auf den Grund gelappt. Das Klauenglied überragt nur wenig das dritte Glied, seine Klauen sind scharf, gebogen, breit gespreizt, an der Basis scharf gezáhnt oder nur schwach verbreitert. Die Flügeldecken besitzen neun vollausge- bildete, mehr oder minder tiefe, punktierte Streifen, deren Zwischenráume stets eine fein runzelige Grundskulptur aufweisen und welche die Breite der Streifen meist nur wenig übertreffen. Schulter- beulen sind kráftig entwickelt; das Schildchen ist ziemlich gross, flach, nach hinten lappenfórmig abgerundet, vorne gerade abgestutzt, oder mehr dreieckig. Die Flügel sind wohl ausgebildet. Geographische Verbreitung der Arten — Die vier bisher bekannten Arten der Gattung sind auf ein relativ kleines Gebiet in Süd-Afrika (Süd-Transvaal, Natal, nórdliche Kapkolonie) beschrünkt und in den Collectionen recht spárlich vertreten. Ueber ihre Lebensweise und Entwicklung ist noch nichts bekannt geworden. Fossil ist die Gattung nicht nachgewiesen. I. T. bicolor, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, Gen. Spec. Curc. Vol. 5, p. 453 Süd-Afrika. (1839). 2. T. fallax, Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, ibidem, p. 452 (1839). — Taf 6, Süd-Afrika. [za fes 3..T. interstitialis, Fahraus, Oefv. Vet. Akad. Fórh. Vol. 28, p. 241 Süd-Afrika. (1871). 4. T. sanguineus, Thunberg, Nov. Act. Upsal. Vol. 7. p. 118 (1815). Süd-Afrika. sangnineus, Schónherr, Gen, Spec. Curc. Vol. 2, p. 170(1834); Gyllenhal, in Schónherr, ibidem, Vol. 5, p. 451 (1839). 98 COLEOPTERA Ii. GENUS PODAPION, RILEY Podapion Riley. Bull. Brookl. Ent. Soc. Vol. 6, p. 61 (1883). Charaktere. — Da mir diese Gattung bisher in natura unbekannt blieb und mir auch die Originalbeschreibung bisher unzugánglich war, muss ich mich darauf beschránken hier die Angaben aus den beiden Monographien von Smith und Fall wiederzugeben; wáhrend ich ersterer nur die Abbildung entnehme, gebe ich im Nachstehenden Falls Ausführungen wórtlich wieder : Podapion. Fall, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 25, p. 178, 179 (1898). « This genus was erected by Prof. Riley for the reception of a singular Apionid bred from galls on two vears old twigs of Pznuus zuops. For a description of this insect (P. gallicola Riley) and its habits, the student should consult the above reference. » The structural characters used as a basis for generic separation by Prof. Riley are slight, as he virtually admits when he says : « Where such uniformity obtains in a group (Afioninae), characters may be considered generic which otherwise would have doubtful generic value. » The greater width of the tarsal joints seems to have been the chief character relied upon, and this, indeed. is the only one mentioned by Prof. Smith in his Synopsis. Further experience shows that this distinction does not hold good; the proportions of the tarsal joints in Af7on vary widely, and in one species at least, A. xanthoxyli, the joints are quite as strongly dilated as in gallicola. Podafion does, however, depart so much in size and general facies from all the rest of our Apionids, that much less radical structural divergence is necessary than if habital peculiarities were slight or wanting; and while the tarsi fail to yield the evidence desired, I have observed two other differences which seem to me to meet the requirements. » In Podafion the antennal club is relatively very small, with the last joint much shorter than either of the two preceeding. In Aon the last joint of the club is always distinctly longer than the one preceeding and constitutes at least one-third the length. Again, the front thighs are conspicuously stouter than the others in Podafiow, never so in Afiox (the peculiar sexual modifications of the front thighs of certain males of section I cannot properly be cited as an exception). It may be said that the middle coxe are more narrowly separated than usual, though certain species of A7on, e. g. herculanum, approach it in with respect. The claws are nearly simple, there being merely a slight basal angulation, which is more evident in the anterior pair. There seem to be no sexual differences, except the very slightly longer and smoother beak of the female. » Mr. Blanchard writes me that he has beaten Podafion from pitch-pine, Pzmus rigida, on which it had undoubtedly bred; P. imos not occuring there (Lowell, Massachusetts). » Specimens are recorded from District of Columbia, Massachusetts, Michigan. Smith also adds H. B., Arkansas, Florida. » Since writing the above I have seen a specimen from Californien (Placer County), in the collection of Mr. Van Dyke, of Soldiers Home, California. Truly an insect of extraordinary distri- bution. » Geographische Verbreitung der Art : 1. P. gallicola, Riley, Bull. Brookl. Ent. Soc. Vol. 6, p. 6r (1883). Columbia, Massachusetts, gallicola, Smith, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 11, p. 65, t. 3, f. 2 (1884); Michigan, California, Ar- Fall, ibidem, Vol. 25, p. 178 (1895). kansas. Florida. FAM. CURCULIONIDZE INDEX (Gattungs- und hóhere Gruppen-Namen sind fett gedruckt, Varietáten und Synonyme eingerückt.) abdominale abruptum absurdum abyssinicum acanthoptherus acarinum aciculare acium acrophilum aculeatum acupunctatum acuminatum acuticlava adjectum admirabile aduncirostre aeprotum aesyptiacum aemulum aenea aeneicolle aeneipenne aeneipenne aeneocephalum aeneomicans aeneovirens aenescens aeneum aeneum aequabile aeratum aereirostre aerolescens aerugineum aestimatum aestivum aethiopicum aethiops aethiops afer affine africanum agonis akbesianum Alacentron albertisii albofasciatum alboguttatus alboirroratum albolineatum albo-nigrum albopictum albopilosum albosquamosum albosuturale albovittatum alcyoneum algiricum algiricum alliariae alluaudi alluaudi alpinum alternans alternatum alternatum alternum altum amabile amabile ambovobense americanum amethystinum amicum amoenum amphibolum amplipenne amplipenne amplum ampullula anceps andalusicum andinum andreinii andrewesi androicum anpgolanum angulatum angulicolle angulirostre angulosum angustatum angustatum angustatum angustatus angusticolle Seite 43 43 43 angusticolle angustipenne angustissimum angustithorax angustium anisorrhynchum annulatum annulipes antennale antennatum anthidium anthrax antilope antiquum apicirostre Apion Apionides Apionini Apiomorphus Apiotherium Aplemonus Aporhina approximatum apricans aquilinum arabicum arachne araneiforme arborator arcircstre arduum areolatum argentatum argentinum argutulum aridulum arizonae armatum armeniacum armiferum armipes arragonicum arrogans arrowi artemisiae aruensis asiaticum aspericolle Seite aspericollis asphaltinum Aspidapion assimile astragali aterrinum aterrimum aterrimum aterrimum atomarium atramentarium atratulum atratulum atratum atricolor atripenne atripes atripes atrirostre atritarse atrocoeruleum atronitidum attenuatum auctum auletoides auratus auripes aurivillii australis austriacum austrinum avidum bayoni balzani barbatum barnevillei basale basicorne basirostre batnense beaucheni beckeri beguini bellicosus bellum benignum bergrothi 99 Seite 23 100 betulae beuthini bicarinatum bicolor bicolor (g. Apioz) bicolor (g. T'anaos) biforme bifoveolatum billecocqui binodosum binotatum bipartirostre bipartitum biseriatum bispinosus bistigma bistriatus bivittatum blatta bohemani bohemani bomaense bonariense bonvouloiri boops Bothryopteron bouvieri brachystegiae brasilianum breiti brenskei breviatum breviceps brevicolle brevicorne brevicorne brevihirtum brevinasus brevipes brevipilis brevirostre brevirostre brevithorax breviusculum breviusculum brisouti bruchi bruleriei bruneo-nigrum brunneus bruunipes buddebergi bugnioni Seite COLEOPTERA bulbinasum burdigalense caelebs caffrum caiffense calcaratipes calcaratum californicum canariense candidum canescens cantabricum cantianum capiomonti capitatum carbonarium carbonarium carbonicolor carduorum carinatum carinirostrum cariosum carpini carpophagum casperi castaneipes castaneus Catapion caucasicum caullei caullei causticum cavatum caviceps cavifrons centrale centrimacula Ceratapion ceratum cerdo ceutorrhynchidium ceutorrhynchoides ceylonicum chalceum chalceum Chalcocybebus chalybeicolor chalybeipenne championi chenocephalum chevrolati chilense Seite chirindanum chiriquense chloris chobauti chrysocomum chuparosae ciliare cineraceum cinerascens cinereum cingalense cionoides circumscriptum civicum clavatum clavifemoratum clavipes coeleste coeleste Coelopterapion coeruleipenne coerulescens coerulescens coeruleum cognatum cognatum collare colon colonus colonus coloradense columbianum columbinum combustum commodum comosum compactum compressicolle compressipenne com pressus Conapion concinnum concinnum concoloratum condensatum confertum confine confluens confluens conforme confusum coneruum congruum Seite Ur Ui Ut CA N mí - m Un m coniceps conicicolle conicicolle conicicolle conicolle conjunctum connexum conocephalum consanguineum consanguineum considerandum consimile consobrinum consors conspicuum constricticolle constricticolle constrictum contiguum contractum contrarium contusum convergens coracellum coracinum coracinum corcyreum cordatum corniculatum corsicum corvinum costipenne coxale coxale craccae craccae crassicolle crassinasum crassinasus crassipes crassirostre crassirostre crassiusculum crassum credulum crenulatum cretaceicolle cretaceum cribricolle cribricolle crinitum croceifemoratum croceifemoratum crotalariae Ctenaphides cruentatum crusculum cuneatum cupreomicans cuprescens cuprifulgens curticorne curtipenne curtipennis curtirostre curtisi curtisi curtulum curvipes curvipilosum curvirostre cyanellum cyaneomicans cyanescens cyanescens cyaneum cyaneum cyaneum cyaneus cyaneus cyanipenne Cybebides Cybebus . Cylades Cylades cyladoides Cylas cylindricolle cylindricum cylindriforme cylindrirostre daimio damascenum damryi dauricum davidis decipiens decolor decoloratum decorum defensum delagrangei deletum delicatulum dentipes FAM. CURCULIONIDZE dentirostre denudatum derasum derelictum derelictum desbordesi desbrochersi desolatum detritum dichroum dietrichi differens difficile difficile difforme dilatatum dilaticolle dilatipes dimidiatum dimidiatus disjunctum dispar disparatum disparipes disparirostre dissimile dissimilipes distans distincticolle distinctirostre divergens diversipunctatum diversistriatum diversum dolosum dongolanum doriae dorsale dromedarius dubium ebeninum edentatum egregium elegantulum ellipticum elongatissimum elongatulum elongatum elutipes emaciipes encaustum ensirostre epicum eppelsheimi eppelsheimi ergenense erinaceum errabundum erraticum ervi erythraceum Erythrapion erythreanum erythrocerum erythropterum estriatum Eurhinus Eurhynchides Eurhynchini Eurhynchus Exapion exarmatus excellens excisum exiguum eximium exophthalmum exsertus extensum externepunctatum externestriatum extinctum fabrile facetum fagi fairmairei faldermanni fallaciosum fallax (y. Apion) fallax (g. T'anaos) fallax fallax falli familiare fasciatum fasciculatum fastidiosum fausti femorale femoralis femoratum femoratum ferrugineum ferruginipes Seite fibulipes figinii filicorne filipes filirostre filum finitimum fissile flachi flavescens flavicorne flavicorne flavicoxale flavicrus flavifemoratum flavimanum flavimanum flavinasus flavipes flavipes flavipes flavipes flavofemoratum flexipenne flexirostre flexuosum floridanum foederatum foraminosum formicarius (g. Myrma- cicelus) formicarius (g. Cylas) formosum fornicatum fortipubens fortipanctum fortirostre fossicolle fossulatum foveatoscutellatum foveatum foveicolle foveicolle foveirostre foveolatum frater fraternum fraudulentum frontale fronto frumentarium frumentarium frumentarius IOI IO2 fryi fuliginosum fulvicorne fulvirostre fulvofasciatus fulvum fumitarse funereum funiculare furtivum furvum furvum fuscicorne fuscimanum fuscipenne fuscipes fuscirostre fuscitarse fusconitidum fuscosuturale fuscum gagatinum galactitis gallaecianum gallicola 'gallinula ganglbaueri gaudiale gautardi gavoyi gelidum geminum gemulum generosum geniculatum genistae genistae germanum germanicum germari germari gerstáckeri gestroi gibbiceps gibbipenne gibbipenne gibbipennis gibbirostre gibbosulum gibbosum gibbosum gibbosum Seite gilvipes cilvirostre glabratum glabratum glabripennis glabrirostre glabrum , glaucinum globosum globulipenne globulum glyphicum gnarum gracile gracilicolle graciliforme gracilipenne gracilipes gracilirostre gracilitubus graecum grallarium grandaevum granulum gravidum grenieri gribodoi griesbachi grimmi griseopilosum griseopubescens griseosetosulum grisescens griseum grossulum grus guatemalenum gulare guttifer gyllenhali hadrops haematodes hamatum hartmanni hartmannianum hastifer hauseri helianthemi helleri helveticum hemisphaericum henoni COLEOPTERA Seite henschi herbarum herbsti herculanum hesperum Heterapion heterocerum heterogeneum heydeni heydeni hiemale hilare hildebrandti (g. Lispo- theyium) Seite 22 hildebrandti (subg. Pie- zotrachelus) hilleri hipponense hipponense hirsutum hirticorne hirtissimum hirtum hispanicum holdhausi holosericeum hoockeri horvathi humerale humerosum humerosum humile hungaricum huron hydrolapathi hydropicum hystriculum ibis ilicis illex ilvense immundum immune impeditum impexum importunum immportunum impressidorsum impressidorsum impunctatus impunctistriatum inaequale inapertum incanum incertum incisicolle incisum incommodum incrassatum indicum indistinctum indubium ineditum inermis inexpertum infaustum infernum infirme inflatipenne inflatum informe ingratum inhonestum inornatum inscriptum insculpticolle insertum insidiator insidiosum insigne insignicolle insignis insolens insolitum insulare integricolle interjectum intermedium intermedius interruptestriatum interruptus interstitiale interstitialis intrusum irkutense italicum jaffense jacobsoni japonicum jekeli judaicum juniperi juno junodi Seite Kalcapion 23 kasbekianum 66 kayumbense 66 kiesenwetteri 55 kirbyi 83 kirschi 66 kónigi 66 kolbei 66 kolenatii 66 korbi 61 kosmanni 77 kraatzi 66 kuenbergi 66 kunzei 56 kwaiense 66 laeve 66 laevicolle 66 laevicollis 14 laevigatum 66 laevigatum 48 laevigatus 14 laevior 9 laevirostre 66 laevithorax 69 laeviusculum 66 laminatum 66 lanciferum 66 lancirostre 66 languidum 67 languidum 68 languidum 54 lanigerum 67 lanuginosum 67 lanuginosum 67 lanuginosum 92 lassum 67 laterale 67 lathyri 57 laticeps 67 laticolle 67 laticolle 56 latifrons 67 latipenne 67 latipes 67 latithorax 59 lativentre 67 laudabile 2 laufferi 67 leachi 43 lebasi 67 lederi 59 e-douxi 67 FAM. CURCULIONIDZE lemoroi lenense lentum leonense leonhardi Lepidapion leprieuri leptocephalum leptorhynchum lesnei lethale lethierryi leucopheatum libanicum liguricum limonii linderi Lispotherium litigiosum livescerum lividipes lividum lobirostre longiceps longiclava longicolle longicolle longicollis longicrus longimanum longimanum longipenne longipes longirostre longithorax longitubus longulum longulum loti loti lucidithorax luctuosum lugubre luminosum lunigerum luridipes luteipes luteirostre lythri maceratum macilentum macrocephalum 69 9o macromerum macrophthalmum macropus macrorhynchum macrothorax macula-alba maculicoxis maculipes madagascariense madecassum magambense magnirostre majorinum malrasicum malvae malvarum mandoni manicense mansuetum marchicum marchicum marchicum marqueti marseuli marshalli marshami martjanovi massutei matricum mauritii Mecolenus mecops medianum mediocre mediocre meditabundum mediterraneum medium Megatrachelus meieri melanarium melancholicum melanopum melichari meliloti mendax meorrhynchum merale meridianum metallicum Metapion metrosideros microcephalum Seite microcephalum millum millum mimosae miniatum minimum minor minutissimum minutum minutus mitissimum moczarski modestum modestum moerens molestum monstrosum montandoni montanum monticola montis montivagum morio moroderi morosum motabile motschulskyi muricatus murinum murinum mus mutatum myochroum Myrmacicelus nasua nasutum natalense navicula neapolitanum neavei nebraskense necopiaum neglectum nicaraguanum nigerrimum nigerrimum nigrellum nigricollis nigricorne nigricoxale nigricrus nigripes I04 nigripes nigrirostre nigritarse nigritarsis nigritulum nigroaeneum nigrocoerulans nigrocyaneum nigrosparsum nigrosuturatum nigrum niloticum nitens (g. Aion) nitens(g. Chalcocybebus) nitidipenne nitidipennis nitidirostre nitidirostre nitidulum nitidum nodicorne nodirostre normandi nossibense notatum nothum novellum obesulum obesum obliquestriatum oblitum oblitum oblivium oblongulum oblongum obnoxium obscurum obscurum obscurum obsoletum obtectum obtusipenne obtusiusculum obtusum occidentale occidentale occultans ochroceras ochropus ochropus oculare ocularium oedorrhynchum offensum Omphalapion ononicola ononidis ononis onopordi Onychapion opacicolle opacinum opacum opeticum ophthalmicum opulentum oranense orbitale oreophilum orientale orthorhynchum oscillator otiosum ovale ovipenne oxurum oxyrhynchum Oxystoma pachymerum pachyrrhynchum pacificum pallicorne pallidactylum pallidirostre pallidulum pallipes pallitarse palpebratum pamanzianum panamense papei papuanus paradoxum parallelocolle parallelum parens parpanense particeps parviclava parvithorax parvulum parvulum parvulum pasticum COLEOPTERA Seite Seite 73 patruele 79 73 pauli 75 23 pauper 75 73 pauperculum & 52 73 pauxillum 75 73 pavidum 75 74 peculiare 75 23 pedale 75 74 pedemontanum 51 74 pedestre 75 74 penetrans 73 74 penetrans 56 51 penetrans 74 74 peninsulare 76 74 pennsylvanicum 76 75 Perapion 23 74 perforicolle 76 74 peringueyi 76 74 periscelis 76 74 perlongum 76 61 perminutum 76 73 perplexum 74 74 perpusillum 76 80 perraudieri 76 74 perrieri (g. Afzon) 76 23 perrieri (g. Cybebus) 22 perrisi 76 74 persicum 76 74 ^ersimile 76 74 perspicax 58 92 perspicillum 76 84 persulcatum 76 74 pervicax 76 81 peyerimhoffi 76 25 philanthum 76 75 philippi 76 84 phocopus 76 75 Phrissothrichium 23 75 phrygium 76 75 piceirostre 76 IO picicorne 59 75 picipes 76 75 picipes 86 15 pictum 76 75 picturatum 67 95 piezotracheloides 77 75 Piezotrachelus 23 75 pilicorne 77 66 piliferum 77 75 pilosum 77 71 pineae 56 7i pingue 77 77 piscidiae 77 pisi pisi pistillum pistillum placidum planiceps platalea plebejum plebejum plenum pleuralis pleuriticum plicatum plumbeomicans plumbeum pluto Podapion Podapion. podolicum poeticum politum pomonae porcatum porcellus porosicolle porrectum portoricanum postscutatum poupillieri praecarium praeditum probum proclive propinquicorne propinquum Protapion protensum protractum provinciale Pseudapion pseudapricans pseudarrogans pseudelongatum Pseudopiezotra- chelus Pterapion pubescens pudicum puerulus pulchellum pulchripes pulex pulicare Seite pullum pullum pullus pulverulentum pumilio puncticeps puncticolle puncticolle puncticolle puncticollis punctifrons punctigerum punctigerum punctinasum punctirostre punctithorax punctulirostre puritanum pusillum pusillum putoni pygmaeum pyriforme pyriforme pyripenne quadricolle quadricostatum quadridens quadrinodosus quadrispinosum quadrituberculatus quercicola radiolus ragusae rapulum recidivum reclusum reconditum rectangulum rectinasus rectipes rectirostre recurvum reflexum reitteri reitterianum relictum residuum restricticolle retusipenne revellierei Seite 50 8o 8o 5o 5o FAM. reyi Rhadinocyba Rhinapion Rhopalapion rhodesiacum rhomboidale rhomboideum richteri ripicola robusticorne robustirostre robustum robustus roelofsi roepkei rostrum rotundatum rotundipenne rougeti rubens rubicundum rubidum rubripes rubrirostre rudicolle rufescens (g. Cylas) rufescens (g. Afon) ruficorne ruficrus ruficrus rufinasus rufinulum rufipenne rufipennis rufipes (g. Apioz) rufipes (rg. Cylas) rufirostre rufobrunneum rufo-nigrum rufo-piceum rufo-purpureum rufo-testaceum rufulum rufum rufus rugicolle rugicolle rugicolle rupifrons rugipenne rugirostre rugosicolle rumaniacum CURCULIONIDZE Seite 80 rumicis 17 ruspolii 24 russeolum 24 russicum 80 ryei 8o 80 saeculare IO sagax 80 sagittiferum 8o sahlbergi 81 salicis 81 salpingoides 14 salsburgense 51 samarense 81 samson 8I sanctifelicis 8I sanguineum 81 sanguineus 8o sanguinipes 81 sareptanum 81 sarothamni 81 sauteri 42 sayi 81 scabiosum 81 scabrior 14 scalptor 81 scalptum 53 scapularis 43 schilskyi 45 schmidti [5 schneideri 81 schónherri 8I schoutedeni 22 schrencki 81 schróderi 14 scolopax 81 -crobicolle 81 sculpticolle 82 sculpturatum 82 scutellare 82 scydmaenoides 82 sedi 82 sedi 82 sefrense 21 segne 82 segnipes 74 sejugum 76 semicastaneum 82 semicyanescens 82 semicyaneum 5o seminudum 68 semipunctatus 82 semirufum 83 83 semivittatum semotum senex seniculus separandum seriatosetosulum seriatum seriepilosum serpyllicola setiferum setifrons setosum setuliferum setulosum severini sharpi shingalense sibiricum sicanum sicardi signatum similans simile simillimum simplex simulans simum simplicipes singulare sinuirostrum sjóstedti smithi smyrnense socium solanii solarii solariorum soleatum solitare solutum sorbi sordidum soricinum spadiceum sparsum spartii spathula Spectator spencei spinicoxale spinipes spinitarse spissum Un oM 06 OQ Q t oc un 106 splendens splendida splendidulum splendidus splendidus spretissimum squamans squamigerum squamosum squamulatum stabile standfussi staudingeri steinbachi Stenapion stenocephalum stephani sternale steveni stierlini stolidum stolidum strangulatum striaticeps striatum strictum strigipenne strobilanthi subaeneum subangulirostre subauratum subcandidum subcatenatum subcaviceps subcoeruleum subconiceps subconicicolle subcostatum subcrenulatum subdentirostre subelongatnm subfarinosum subglabratum subglabrum subglobosum sublaevithorax sublineatum submaculatum submetallicum submetallicus subnitidum subnudum subornatum 81 86 subparallelum subplumbeum subpubescens subrectirostre subrufum subsquamiferum subsquamosum substriatum subsulcatum subtinctum subtrapezicolle subulatum subulirostre suetum sulcatipenne sulcifrons sulcifrons sulcipenne sulcirostre sulcithorax sulphuripes sundevalli superbum superbus superciliosum suspiciosum sustrictum suturale symbolum Synapion syriacum tabogense Taeniapion talpa tamaricis Tanaonides Tanaos tanganum tantillum tarsale tauricum teapense tellinii tenebricosum tenebricosum tenebrosum tenellum tenerum tenue tenuicolle tenuicorne tenuiforme COLEOPTERA tenuirostre tenuirostrum tenulus teres tereticolle teretirostre terminale terrae-reginae tesselatum testaceum tetracanthus tetrum texanum tibiale tonsile torquatum translatitium transsylvanicum transvaalense trapezicolle triangulicolle tricarinatum trifolii trifolii triste tristiculum triviale troglodytes tropicum truquii tschoffeni tuberculiferum tubicen tubiferum tubulatum tucumanense tumefactum tumidicolle tumidum tunicense turbulentum turcipennis turcicum turkestaniacum typicum ugandanum uhagonis ulicicola uliciperda ulicis ulicis umboniferum umbratum umbrinum uncipes undulipenne unguiculare unicolor unicolor unicolor unicum uniseriatum urticarium usambarense ustum validirostre validum varendorfh varicorne variegatum varipes varium vastum velatum velox ventricosum venustulum venustum vernale versutum verulamense vespertinum vestitum vetulum vetustum viciae viciae vicinum vicinum vicinum vile villosulum villosulum vincenti vinosum violaceum violaceum violatum virens virescens viridescens viridicoerulans viridicoeruleum viridimicans Seite 90 90 85 viridipenne virile vittigerum vOrax wagneri FAM. CURCULIONIDZE Seite Seite 45 wahlbergi 96 westwoodi 92 walshi 92 wingelmülleri 57 waltoni 53 woerzi 92 waterhousi 72 wollastoni weisel 92 92 wenckeri 92 xanthopus Seite 92 xanthorhynchum 92 xanthostylum 92 xanthoxyli 92 zizyphii 92 zuberi ERKLARUNG DER TAFELN 'TTAFELN I UND 2 Uebersichtskarle der Geographischen Verbreitung der Apioninen. 'TarEL 3 Apion pumilio, Desbrochers, Q (Onychapt?on). lubiferum, Gyllenhal, Q (PArissotrichium). longirostre, Olivier, Q. (RAopalapion). curvirostre, Gyllenhal, Q (Alacentron). aeneum, Fabricius, c ( Aspidapion). ochropus, Germar, c* (Oxystoma). violaceum, Kirby, Q (Perafion). limonii, Kivby, Q (Aplemonus). rufirostre, Fabricius, cy (Pseudapion). candidum, Wencker, Q (Metafion). squamigerum, Jacquehin Duval, Q (Lepidapion). notatum, Nagner, Q (Taeniapion). "TAFEL 4 Afion flavofemoratum, Herbst, Q (Kalcapion). penetrans, Germar, gr (Ceratapion). miniatum, Germar, Q (Erythrafion). hoockeri, Kirby, Q (Omphalafion). nigritarse, Kirby, c (Protagion). difforme, Ahrens, cy (Protafton). Vordertibie und Tarsus des gf. atomarium, Iirby, Q (Catapion). seniculus, Kirby, C (Catapion). striatum, Kirby, Q (Apron s. str.). viciae, Paykull, Q (Aon s. str.). tenue, Kirby, Q (Apion s. str.). livescerum, Gyllenhal, Q (Aion s. str.). Kaukasus. Mittelmeergebiet. 107 Seite 92 92 92 92 92 Südliches Mittel- Europa, Kaukasus. Südliches Mittel- Europa. Kaukasus. Europa, Kaukasus, Algier. Europa, Kaukasus, Sibirien. Palàarktische Zone. Westliches Mittelmeergebiet. Paláarktische Zone. Südwestliches Europa. Südwestliches Europa, Algier. Griechenland. Paláarktische Zone. Mittel- und Süd-Europa. Mittel- Europa, Kaukasus, Sibirien. Europa. Paláarktische Zone. Mittelmeergebiet. Europa, Kaukasus. Paláarktische Zone. Europa. Palàarktische Zone. Paláarktische Zone. Europa, Kaukasus. 108 TEC RETE —— 6 | EUR D DU Apion manicense, Wagner, Q. montivagum, WNagner, Q. africanum, Gyllenhal, cf. COLEOPTERA 'TarkEL 5 globulibenne, Wagner, c (RAinapion). Cf, im Profil gesehen. chirindanum, Wagner, Q (Conafpton). 9, im Profil gesehen. socium, Wagner, Q (Pseudofiezotrachelus). piezotracheloides, Wagner, weiblicher Rüssel im Profil (Pseudofiezotrachelus). teniicolle, Wagner, cy (Piesotrachelus). fil (Priezotrachelus). fuliginosum, Wagner, Q, Kopfund Rüssel im Pro- setulosum, Beguin-Billecocq, c. xanthopus, Gyllenhal, c (Trichapion i. .). fusconitidum, Wagner, Q. testaceum, Wagner, c (Coelopterapton). pachymerum, Philippi, c. TarErL 6 Lispotherium hildebrandti, Faust, Q. Rhadinocyba nitidipennis, Faust, Q . Megatrachelus chloris, Faust, Q . Pterapion monstrosum, Faust, O. Afiomorphus cyaneus, Wagner, Q . Mecolenus wahlbergi, Schónherr, c. Tanaos fallax, Gyllenhal, Q. Cylas turcipennts, Boheman, c. (Tarsus. Cybebus dimidiatus, Fabricius, Q . Chalcocybebus nitens, subsp. fapuanus, Heller, c. Eurhynchus laevior, Kirby, Q. Apion hungaricum, Desbrochers, c (Exafton). dificile, Herbst, Q (Exapion). . Puppe — — TarEL 7 . Larve von Afrion hungaricum, Desbrochers (Exapion). Rhodesien, Süd-Afrika. Tafelberg bei Cappstadt, Süd-Afrika. Südliches Central- und Süd-Afrika. Natal, Rhodesien, Capland. Rhodesien, Natal. Mashonaland. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Natal. Deutsch Ost-Afrika. Madagaskar. Süd-Amerika. Brasilien. Brasilien. Chile. Madagaskar. Neu-Caledonien., Neu-Caledonien, Neu-Caledonien. Capland. Süd-Afrika. Süd-Afrika. Indomalayische Region. Madagaskar. Neu-Guinea. Neu-Holland. Mittel-Europa. Mittel-Europa. — von oben gesehen. — von unten gesehen. — von der Seite gesehen. Frassobjecte der Larven von Afion hwnpgartcum Desbrochers; Schote von Genista tinctoria mit Dessgleichen; Cytisus sagittalis, links : Same noch die junge Larve bergend, rechts den Resten der Samen. etwa halberwachsenen Larve. : Frass der FAM, CURCULIONIDZE 109 Fig. rg und 4. Parasiten des Aion hungaricum, Desbrochers (Hymenopteren). — 2. Larve des Afion compactnm, Desbrochers (Exapton). — 3. Blatt einer Al/Aea rosea mit den Káferfrassspuren von Aion curvirostre, Gyllenhal (Alacentvon); die betreffenden Káfer daran. Die vorzüglich gelungenen Abbildungen wurden von Herrn E. Menger in Brüssel ausgeführt und gebührt ihm für die grosse Aufmerksamkeit, die er für die Wiedergabe dieses schwierigen Stoffes verwendete, ein Wort besonderen Dankes! Das Material für die Abbildungen war durchwegs meiner Sammlung entliehen. Dahlem- Berlin, 15. Januar 1912. JJ h 4 E o" a WAR tal LM eU 3 b. d à Us 2 uu ) Em ü n^ pris 114.1 Í í N OR ' E » , L] x w M un d m ! a i " E ta t - i ANC N 21 T D irm.. t3. 5d " "TEL | yn «Mh enit E THPC LET - x i n d - x v Wric ipa 9 ^ h e» r . T1! * *" E ' i « [ i LI ^ ' Á ^ RT TS IM TIN . c GENERA INSECTORUM ÜBERSICHTSKARTE DER GEOGRAPHISCHEN VI 140 150 160 170 180 T0 160 150 120 Erklarung der Tufetr- [40 I Südgrenze des pataearctischen Faunenchuaracters Grenzen des dthiopisch-indoma - lavischen. Faunencharacters. zz Ausgesprochene Mischzonern zwischen 2 dem pat. € dthiop-indormuadavischen Faunencharacter. Austratisch -polvnesischer Faunen- Character: Mischzone zwischen dem indome. & austradlischen Character, Madagascarischer Character: it Ver-- mischung mi dem athiopischen Typisch: nearetischer Character Starke Untermischurg nit pataarcti - schem Character Typisch neotropischer: Faunen Character Ausgesprochene Mischzone zwischen dern. typisch nearctisch & neotropisch Character Haupt -Verbreitungsgoebiete, oder Ge Biete, t. welchen. Apionen: nach. - geuescen. sind. (rebrete welche wol. noch. Apionen beherbergen; aber undurchtórscht sind Vermutlich. Aptonffeie Gebiete AVoch. nich sicher. fostzustellerde lVerbreitungsgrenzern "^ Erkldrung der Farben Verbreitungsqebrete der folgemden Gattungen SSSSN 7 Eurhwvncehus - Chalcocybebus tuum — Cylas ugs -Myrmack vdus HURHIHHEUEUL I] m IRiocróa ce -Megatreehetus Pterwupion - Cvbebus - Lispotherium 022 EEORRRSD - Apiomorphus & P ^ —Mecolenus EILII - Tanaos CUu. -Podapion Arun.: To die farbigen Linien unterbrochen ausgeführt sud, ist die Grenze den Verbreitung der betreffenden Gattung noch nicht sicher féstgestelit 130 160 170 180 T70 160 FAM.CURQ SUBFAME JRElTUNG DER APIONINEN ( NACH H. WAGNER 1911). COLEOPTERA Bo -|3) 20 — 10 — 0 — 40. ?0 30 aq 3» — 0 — 70 à 80 $90 10 — 110 10 10 —10 19 160 170 180 T0 — 1 — 15 160 170 180 170 COLEOPTERA GENERA INSECTORUM Apion. longrrostre 0L, c Apiort. curvirostre GylL, 9 ipton purili Desbr: c 7 7 " [s e ^l 8 Apton aeneurn. Fabr * - Apiorn. riolaceume. fürby, z Apton. limoniüi Kirby, $ Ipion. ochropus (erm 77 72 ce 70 Apion. notatum Wagn amigerum. Dur. J Apion. candidum. Werwke,, Apion. rufirostre Fabr FAM.CURCULIONIDAZX SUBFAM. APIONIN/& GENERA INSECTORUM COLEOPTERA pion fTavoferoratum. Herbst [: Apion- penetrans Gerrn.c Apion. miniatum- Germ. Apron. Hoockeri Kirbi- 4 i] Apron. nigritarse Kirby. c Apron. diflórme Ahr. Apion. atamgrium. Arb. c Apion. semcula Ipton. sfriadum. Fiürby, Apion. victae Payh [pion-tenue Kirby, Ipion. livescerum. GyH FAM.CURCULIONIDAX, SUBFAM. APIONINZX, GENERA INSECTORUM COLEOPTERA Apton. maruücense Wagn; Apion. montivaqum. Wagn, Apron. afficazueame Qvi, c pore. globulipenne Wagn Aptore socium. Wagn Apior. setudlosurn Bequin, c? 6a 74 12 un. Wagn, Ipron. pachymerum. Phid. Apion. xanthopus. GyIL, c' 4pion. fusconitidurm. Wagro, Ipion. testace FAM.CURCULIONIDAX, SUBFAM. APIONINJX, GENERA INSECTORUM ZLispotherium Hüdebrandti Faust, Aptomorphus «yuneus Wagru. c Crbebus dimidiatus Fabr Fhuadinocyba-nitidipennis Faust, g Chalcocybebus nitens subsp papuanus Hell, Furhvnchus laerror Kiri COLEOPTERA Pterapion manstrosum Faust, « Megatrachelus cMoris Faust 7 r NN Mecolenus Wadberyt Schon v) Jazeaos fallax (zv. Cylas tarcipennis Boh, c! 72 /3 In Ipian frungartcurm Desbr, cf Ipron di FAM.CURCULIONIDAX, SUBFAM. APIONIN/X. [6] GENERA INSECTORUM COLEOPTERA FAM.CURCULIONIDAX, SUBFAM. APIONINAX, 4 1'N T M ORJTDLIHIOBPERA FAM. LOCUSTID/E SUBFAM. LISTROSCELIN/E ORTHOPTERA FAM. LOCUSTID/E SUBFAM. LISTROSCELIN/E von Dr. H. KARNY MIT 3 KOLORIERTEN TAFELN X rg Unterfamilie der Listroscelinae gehórt zu den Locustiden und zwar bildet sie. eine ey Ce) ) Y. & x übrigen Genera der Subfamilie sind nur auf je eine einzige Art begründet. verhültnismássig kleine Gruppe derselben, da sie nur achtzig Arten umfasst, die sich auf neunzehn Gattungen verteilen. Von diesen umfassen nur Xiffrdiofsis, PAlugis, Phisis und Hexacentrus mehr als je ein Dutzend Arten, Listroscelis nur vier, Monocerophora zwei; alle Geographische Verbreitung. — Die Listroscelin:e sind eine exquisit tropische Unterfamilie, welche die Wendekreise fast nirgends überschreitet. Die beiden Hauptverbreitungszentren sind das tropische Süd-Amerika und das indo-malaische Gebiet. Genera, die in diesen beiden Gebieten gleich- zeitig vorkommen, sind nicht bekannt, wenn wir davon absehen, dass von der neotropischen PA/ugis eine Art aus dem malaischen Archipel angegeben wird. Andererseits lassen sich aber in Amerika Parallelformen zu indo-malaischen Gattungen feststellen, welche diesen — ohne Zweifel infolge Anpas- sung an dieselben Lebensbedingungen — àusserlich áhnlich sind, so z. B. : Phlugis-X iphidtopsis, Listroscelis- Phisis, Monocerophora-Parahexacentrus, Cerberodon-Hexacentrus. Nàhrend manche Gattungen verhültnismássig weit verbreitet sind, sind andere auf ein ganz engbegrenztes Gebiet beschránkt, so in Süd-Amerika PAlugiola, Carliclla, Arachnoscelis,in Neu-Guinea Teuthroides, Parateuthras und Parahexacentrus, auf Borneo Lifofactzs, auf den Philippinen Axylus, im südlichen Vorder-Indien Decolya. Im nórdlichsten Australien findet sich nur die Gattung YorAiella, deren systematische Stellung übrigens noch zweifelhaft ist. Das ganze übrige Australien besitzt überhaupt keine Listroscelinen. Madagaskar ist durch eine typisch endemische Fauna ausgezeichnet, die aber allerdings nur aus zwei Gattungen ( Paralistroscelis und Poecilomerus) besteht. Das afrikanische Festland besitzt kein einziges endemisches Genus, sondern nur Vertreter der drei indo-malaischen Gattungen : Xifftidiofsis, Phisis und. Hexacentrus, und diese sind auf ORTHOPTERA das Gebiet von Kongo und Kamerun beschrünkt. Diese auffallende Armut Afrikas an Listroscelinen wird wohl ohne Schwierigkeit dadurch erKlàárt, dass diese Tiere in ihrer Verbreitung auf die tropischen Regen- und Monsunwálder beschránkt sind und diese Gebiete in Afrika gegenüber den Savannenwálder und Wüsten stark in den Hintergrund treten. Lebensgewohnheiten. — Ueber die Lebensweise der Listroscelinzg ist zur Zeit noch so gut wie gar nichts bekannt. Wahrscheinlich sind sie Insektenfresser; wenigstens scheint dafür die meist sehr kráftige Entwicklung der Mundteile zu sprechen; auch deutet Redtenbacher (Mon. Conoc. p. 317, 1891) die kráftig bedornten Vorderbeine als Raubbeine und vergleicht sie mit denen der Sagiden; dagegen ist Holdhaus (Denkschr. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Vol. 84. p. 4, 1908) der Ansicht, dass es sich hier bei den auf den polynesischen Inseln vorkommenden, írei auf Pflanzen lebenden Orthopteren anscheinend um eine besondere Anpassung handelt, die ihnen ein Anklammern an vom Winde geschüttelte Zweige oder Blátter ermóglicht. « Wenn sich die Beine brustwárts kreuzen, so bilden diese Stacheln ein System einander entgegenstarrende Spitzen, die einen vorzüglichen Klammerapparat darstellen müssen.... Formen mit solchen Klammerapparaten scheinen bessere Chancen zu haben auf ozeanischen Inseln zu persistieren als Arten mit minder differenzierten Beinen. » Systematische Stellung. — Die Listroscelinae wurden bisher meist als eine Untergruppe der Conocephalinae angesehen. Doch hat Kirby in seinem Synonymical Catalogue die vier von Redtenbacher angenommenen Abteilungen der Conocephaliden als selbststándige Locustiden-Gruppen neben einander gestellt, dazu noch als fünfte die der Eumegalodontinae, die aber gewiss keinerlei Berechtigung als eigene Gruppe hat. Caudell hat diese Systematik Kirbys — von den Eumegalodontinz abgesehen — akzeptiert und da er sieauch bereits in einem Hefte der Genera Insectorum (120* Fascicule, « Prophalangopsinz », 1911, p. 4) angewendet hat, bin ich genótigt, um die Einheitlichkeit des Gesammtwerkes zu wahren, mich hier gleichfalls dieser Einteilung anzuschliessen. Doch kann wohl kein Zweifel darüber bestehen, dass die vier von Redtenbacher als « Conocephaliden » zusammengefassten Gruppen mit einander wirklich recht nahe verwandt sind. Von den übrigen Locustiden stehen den Listroscelinen ohne Zweifel die Saginae am nüchsten; so zeigt namentlich Poecilomerus ausgesprochene Annáherung an den Saginen- Typus und von Yorkiella ist es noch nicht einmal mit voller Sicherheit festgestellt, ob sie wirklich zu der Listroscelinen gehórt und nicht vielleicht doch eine Sagine ist. Schliesslich zeigt auch die kleine Gruppe der Tympanophorinae sehr nahe Beziehungen zu den Listroscelinae, namentlich die von Griffini aufgestellte Gattung Mortoniellus steht sozusagen fast in der Mitte zwischen Tymfpanophora und unserer Gruppe. Letztere ist aber von beiden genannten Subfamilien durch die beiderseits vorhandenen Enddornen der Hinterschienen meist leicht zu unterscheiden. Zur Abgrenzung der Gattungen kommt zum Teil die Skulptur des Kopfes, besonders der Stirn in Betracht; ferner der Bau der Mundteile, die namentlich beim cf bei gewissen neotropischen Gattungen eine überaus müchtige und oft zugleich asymmetrische Ausbildung zeigen. Wichtig ist ferner die Skulptur und Bedornung der Schenkel, besonders der vorderen und mittleren, das Vorhan- densein oder Fehlen einer Làngsfurche auf ihrer Unterseite etc. Die áusseren Gehórsorgane der Vorderschienen sind meist muschelartig überdeckt oder spaltíórmig; bei den wenigen Genera (X?pAiai- opsis, Phlugis, Phlugiola), welche ein offenes Trommelfell besitzen, ist dies ein gutes Merkmal zur Abgrenzung gegenüber allen andern Gattungen. Die Form der Vorderschienen selbst ist ebenfalls oft recht charakteristisch. Auch die Ausbildung der Flugorgane ist systematisch sehr verwertbar : bei vielen Gattungen sind sie stets funktionsunfáhig, verkürzt oder verkümmert (PAlugiola, Decolya, Lipotactes, Carltella, Avachnoscelis, Poecilomerus). Bei volkommener Ausbildung sind die Vorder- und Hinterflügel gleich lang oder die letzteren kürzer; nur bei XipAidiopsis und. PAlugis werden stets die Elytren von den Hinter- FAM. LOCUSTIDZE 3 flügeln überragt. Ihr Geáder entspricht dem Typus, der auch sonst bei Laubheuschrecken die Regel ist : wir haben zwei Aderbündel, deren ersterem die Costa, die Subcosta und der Radius angehóren. Das hinter der Costa gelegene Feld zeigt bei PAlugis z. B. eine charakteristische Anzahl von parallelen, schiefen Queradern. Der Radius entsendet nach hinten gegen die Flügelspitze zu den Radii sector, dessen Verzweigune und Verlauf namentlich für die Unterscheidung der Hexacentrus-Arten in. Betracht kommt. Das hintere Aderbündel besteht aus Media, Cubitus und Anales; die beiden ersteren am Grunde mit einander verwachsen, die letzteren das Zirporgan des cf bildend. Das Geáder der Hinter- flügel zeigt denselben Typus. doch verláuft die Costa am Vorderrand; der Radii sector entspringt nahe dem Grunde des Flügels und tritt mit der Media in Verbindung, so dass er von dieser auszugehen scheint; die Anales sind müchtig entwickelt und bilden den Analfácher. Da ich hier die für alle Insektengruppen üblichen Aderbezeichnungen angewendet habe und Caudell (loc. cit., Plate) die bloss bei Orthopteren üblichen Namen anwendet, will ich dieselben hier mit einander in Parallele setzen : (€ OSLa c viediasbinaleveln Subcosta. DONE Auterorvadialsvein. Radius 1 2 T MON BEsiemoracialkvene Radiisector. . . . . . . Branch of posterior radial vein. Miedia-99- 99979 2922-92 9 2 M Amtexironiinansvenme (Gubitise 9.9.99: 9979-99 9 9 Eosteniorilnassveln: Anales . . . . . . . . QDividing vein, Plicate vein, Axillary veins. Die Gruppe der Listroscelinz lásst sich durch die nachstehenden Merkmale umgrenzen : Charaktere. — Kopfgipfel kurz, seitlich zusammengedrückt, schmal. Fühler vom Niveau des Hinterhauptes weniger weit entfernt als von der Oberlippe, zwischen den Augen eingelenkt; Ránder der Fühlergruben nicht erhoben-vorgezogen. Halsschild in der Regel ohne Querfurchen oder wenigstens die hintere derselben fehlend. Vorderflügel des c mit Zirpapparat am Analfeld, beim Q ohne einen solchen. Gehórsóffnung der Vorderschienen meist bis auf einen schmalen Spalt verschlossen oder muschelfórmig überdeckt, selten offen (XrpAidiopsis, PAlugis, Phlugiola); Vorderschienen oben unbewehrt, drehrund, mitunter auffallend verlángert, an den Seiten ohne Furchen, oben ohne Enddornen; sie und oft auch die Mittelschienen unten mit langen Dornen besetzt, die gegen das Ende zu an Grósse abnehmen. Hinterschienen oben und unten beiderseits mit Enddornen bewehrt. Fussglieder dorso- ventral abgeplattet; erstes und zweites Glied an der Seite der Lànge nach gefurcht. TABELLE DER GATTUNGEN r. Trommelfell der Vorderschienen. beiderseits oder wenigstens aussen offen. 2. Vorderflügel vollkommen entwichelt, kürzer als die hinteren. 3. Vorder- und Miltelschenkel unten gefurcht, ohne Dornen ..— . 1. Genus XiPurprorsrs, Redtenbacher. 3'. Vorder- und Miltlelschenkel unten ohne. Furche, die vordeven Dadoxu t P P ER OR CORE ed, ma 2. Genus Puruoais, Stál. 2!. Vorderflügel stark verkürzt, labbenfürmig .— .. .. . . . . 3.Genus PHruGroLA, Karny. 1'. Gehóróffnung der Vorderschienen beiderseits muschelavtig überdecht oder spaltfórmig. 2. Vorderschenkel mit einem odev mehreren lüngeren Dornen bewehit. 3. Vorder- und Hinterflügel vollstándtg ausgebildet. ORTHOPTERA 4. Vorderschenkel unten am. Innenvande mit semigen Dornen versehen, davon nur einer oder zwei grüsstr . . . . 4. Genus TEuTHROIDES, Bolivar. 4'. Vorderschenkel mit mehr als zwei grósseren Dornen bewehrt. 5. Alle Schenkel unten mit unregelmüssig geságten Ründern, aussen mit wenigen, kráftigen Dornen besetzt .. .. . — 5. Genus PanarEUTHRas, Bolivar. . Vorderschenkel unten mit mehreren sehr langen Dornen ; Mittelschenkel aussen. mit mehreren langen, innen mit einzelnen kürzeren Dornen ausgestattet oder unbewehrt ; Hi interschenkel beiderseits mil mehreren. kleinen Dórn- chen. Seitenlappen des Halsschilds hinten nicht verbreitert. Legeróhre gebogem .— .—. . EP M oS 6. Genus Puisis, Stál. 6'. Seitenlappen des Halsschilds hinten breiter. Legeróhre Vasbeeradem- 2 - 22:2 1 22-22)]925- 2] 2929392 2 2 7-99 72 GenuspAxvEUSsStal* Vorderflügel stark verkürzi .... . . . . . . . . 8. Genus DEcorva, Bolivar. 2'. Vorderschenkel unbewehrt oder mit senigen oder mássig grossen Dornen. 3. Alle Schenkel unbewehrt .— . . . . . . . . . . | 9. Genus LreoTacrEs, Brunner von 3'. Alle Schenkel bedornt. [Wattenwyl. 4. Vorderflügel vollstàndig ausgebildet oder verkürzt, aber auch im leizteven. Falle einander am. Rücken zum Teile be- deckend. 5. Vorderschienen lang und gebogen. Hintere Querfurche des Halsschilds nahe dcm Hinterrande gelegen. 6. Stirn kórnig, vunzelig. .— . . . . . . . . 10. Genus CERBERODON, Perty. 6'. Stirn mehr oder weniger glatt. 7. Vorder- und Hinterflügel vollkommen entwickelt. 8. Gross. Vorderfügel am Grunde ohne Fleck... 11. Genus MoxockERorHona, Walker. '. Mássig gross. Vorderflügel vorn am Grunde mit einem hellen Fleck geziert. .. .. . . . . 12. Genus LisrRoscEus, Serville. 7'. Vorderflügel verküámmert, schuppenfórmig. 8. Beine kráftig. Linke Mandibel beim Cy stark verlángert, winkelig gebogen —.. .. . . . 13. Genus CaRLrELLA. Karny. S'. Beine. sehr lang und dünn. Rechte und linke Mandibel gleich ausgebildet, kráftig, aber nicht soinkelig gebogen .— .— . . . . I4. Genus AnacHNoscELis, Karny. . Vorderschienen nicht gebogen. Querfurche des Halsschilds nahe dey Mitte gelegen. . Beine nicht vei lángert. Vorderschienen mil sehr langen Dornen versehen. 7. Vorderflügel nahe der Spitze wenig, aber deutlich verbreitert, in der Mitte auch beim cy. schmal. 8. Grósser. Vorderflügel spárlich und. undeutlich dunkel gefleckt. Legeróhre lünger als Kopf und Halsschild zusammen, kaum blasig auf- getrieben, wenig gebogen. .. .. . . . . 15. Genus PanarisTROSCELIS, Carl. FAM. LOCUSTID/E 3 8'. Kleiner. Vorderflügel dicht dunkel. gesprenkelt. Legeróhre kürzer als Kopf und Halsschild zusammen, am Grunde síark verbreitert: und blasig aufgetricben, ihr Unterrand stark gebo- gen, ihr Oberrand mit. doppelter S-formiger Krümmung . . . . . . . . . . I6. Genus PARAHEXACENTRUS, nov. gen. 7'. Vorderflügel beim Q nicht verbreitert, beim cy. nahe der Mite slark verbreilert . .. . . . . . 17. Genus HEXaCENTRUS, Serville. 6'. Beine verlangert. Vorderschienen mit eíwas kürzeren IDOFHEDS e EAS QOOEEREIDUET 4 183 Gens YoSEREEEAS Caci: 4'. Vorderflügel seitlich, schmal, lappenformig, einander nicht berührend, fast ganz verkümmert .. .. . . . . . 19. Genus PeciLowERus, Karny. l. GeNUS XIPHIDIOPSIS, REDTENBACHER Xiphidiopsis. Redtenbacher, Mon. Conoc., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, p. 531 (1891). Xyphidiopsis. Bolivar, Orth. St-Joseph's Coll. Trichinopoly. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 68, p. 781 (1900). Charaktere. — Sehr schlank. Habitus von XijAid;z». Fühler sehr lang. Augen kugelig. den Scheitel nicht überragend. Kopfgipfel schmáler und viel kürzer als das erste Fühlerglied, dreieckig, zugespitzt, oben bisweilen leicht gefurcht. Halsschild drehrund, nach rückwárts stark abgerundet- vorgezogzen; Seitenlappen mit schiefem, schwach gewelltem Hinterrand, fast ohne Schulterbucht. Seitliche Oeffnung des Prothorax von den Seitenlappen nicht bedeckt. Vorder-, Mittel- und Hinterbrust unbeweh:rt und ohne Lappen, hóchstens die Mittelbrust mit zwei Hóckerchen. Vorderflügel schmal, die Hinterschenkel deutlich überragend, kürzer als die Hinterflügel. Alle Schenkel auf der Unterseite mehr oder weniger gefurcht, ohne Dornen. Alle Knieiappen unbewehrt. Vorderschienen beiderseits oder wenigstens aussen mit offenem Trommelfell, unten beiderseits mit vier bis sechs langen Dornen bewehrt: Mittelschienen oben unbedornt, unten beiderseits mit vier bis sechs langen Dornen; Hinter- schienen oben mit zahlreichen kleinen Dórnchen, unten gegen das Ende zu mit mehreren Dornen versehen. Legeróhre gerade oder gebogen, schmal, am Grunde verdickt, am Ende zugespitzt. Sub- genitalplatte des 2 am Ende mehr oder weniger ausgerandet (Taf. 1, Fig. I-3). Typus. — Xifhidiosis fallax, Redtenbacher. Geographische Verbreitung der Arten. — Neu-Guinea, Sunda-Inseln, Indien, Afrika. I. X. militaris, Bolivar, Orth. St-Joseph's Coll. Trichinopoly, Ann. Soc. Maduré. Ent. Fr. Vol. 68, p. 781 (1900) (Xyf/ndiojsis). . X. forficaía, Bolivar, ibidem, p. 782 (1900) (Xyfhidiopsis). — Taf. 1, Maduré. l2 Fig. l. 3. X. inversa, Karny, Rev. Conoc., Abh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 4 (3). Toli-Toli, Samanga, Cele- p- 100 (1907). bes. 4. X. phyllocercus, Karny, ibidem, p. 100 (1907). Alverett, Borneo. 5. X. straminula, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. Vol. 5, Suppl. Bombay, Ceylon. p. 36 (1871) (Locusta ?). : X. citrina, Redtenbacher, Mon. Conoc., Verh. Zool-bot. Ges. Wien, p- 532 (1891). 6. X. alatissima, Karny, Rev. Conoc., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien,Vol.4(3), Tonkin. p- 100 (1907). . X. longicercata, Bolivar, Conoc. Nouv.-Guin., Ann. Hist. Nat. Mus. Neu-Guinea. Nat. Hung. Vol. 3, p. 388-395 (1905). -]) 6 ORTHOPTERA 8. X. capreola, Redtenbacher, Mon. Conoc., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, java. p. 532 (189r). 9. X. fallax, Redtenbacher, ibidem, p. 532 (1891). — Taf. I, Fig. 2. Java, Borneo, Sumatra. IO. X. distincta, Redtenbacher, ibidem, p. 533 (1891). Java. II. X. fteuthroides, Bolivar, Conoc. Nouv.-Guin., Ann. Hist. Nat. Mus. Neu-Guinea. Nat. Hung. Vol. 3, p. 388-395 (1905). 12. X. mitrata, .Bolivar, Fasgon. Guin. Esp.. Mem. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. Fernando Póo. Vol. r, p. 373 (1906). 13. X. bubiana, Bolivar, ibidem, p. 374 (1906). Fernando Póo. I4. X. hintheliana, Griffni, Phasgon. Afric., Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 15, Uellé. p. 67 (1908). 15. X. lineata, Bolivar, Fasgon. Guin. Esp., Mem. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. Fernando Póo. Vol. rz, p. 374 (1906). IO. X. quadrimaculata, Karny, Descnrupt. Conoc. nov., Verh. Zool.-bot. Victoria, Kamerun. Ges. Wien, p. 345 (1911). — Taf. 1, Fig. 3. 2. GENUS PHLUGIS, SrTAL Phlugis. Stál, Eugen. Resa, Orth. p. 324 (1860). Pilugis. Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. Vol. 5, Suppl. p. 15 (1871). Thysdrus. Stál, Recens. Orth. Vol. 2, p. 102 (1874). Charaktere. — Schlank. Augen verlàngert, vorstehend, den Scheitel überragend. Kopfgipfel klein, stumpf, kaum vorgezogen. Fühler sehr zart, braun- oder schwarz-geringelt. Halsschild dreh- rund, verlángert, hinten vorgezogen, abgerundet oder rundlich-abgestutzt; Seitenlappen mit schiefem, fast geradem Hinterrand, fast ohne Schulterbucht. Oeffnung des Prothorax von den Seitenlappen nicht bedeckt. Vorder- und Hinterbrust unbewehrt ; Mittelbrust mit zwei Hóckerchen oder Dornen. Vorder- flügel lang und schmal, viel kürzer als die Hinterflügel, im Costalfeld meist mit mehr oder weniger regelmássigen Queradern, selten mit unregelmássigem Netzwerk. Vorder- und Mittelschenkel unten drehrund, ohne Furche, die vorderen mit zwei Reihen langer Dornen besetzt, die mittleren wehrlos ; Hinterschenkel mit sehr wenigen, ganz kleinen Dórnchen, oder unbedornt. Alle Knielappen stumpf. Vorderschienen mit offenem Trommelfell, unten mit langen Dornen; Mittelschienen unten nur mit einem oder zwei Dornen; Hinterschienen auf der Unterseite unbewehrt, oben mit zahlreichen Dórnchen ausgestattet. Cerci des cg schlank, verlángert, zugespitzt, behaart. Subgenitalplatte beim c verlàngert, gespalten. Legeróhre kurz, gebogen, am Grunde blasig aufgetrieben. Subgenitalplatte des Q meist ausgerandet. (Taf. 1, Fig. 4, 5.) Typus. — Locusta teres, De Geer. Geographische Verbreitung der Arten. — Süd- und Mittel-Amerika, Sunda-Inseln. I. P. infirma, Saussure & Pictet, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Orth. Vol. i, p. 4o2 Guatemala, Cayenne. (1898) (T ysdrus). 2. P. spinipes, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 283 (1775) (Locusta). San Paolo, Brasilien. Thysdrus tener, Stàl, Recens. Orth. Vol. 2, p. 117 (1874). 3. P. mexicana, Saussure & Pictet, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Orth., Vol. 1, p. 402 Mexico, Central-Amerika. (1898) (Thysdrus). 4. P. marginata. Redtenbacher, Mon. Conoc., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Alto-Amazonas. p. 537 (1891) (TAysdrus). . virens, Thunberg, Mém. Acad. Sc. St-Pétersb. Vol. 5, p. 274 (1815) Mexico, Cuba, Chiriqui, (Conocephalus). — Taf. 1, Fig. 4. Panama, Columbien, Rio P. chrysopa, Bolivar, Orth. Ile Cuba, Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. Vol. 1,p.152 de Janeiro, Lima, Alto- (1888) Amazonas, Bogota. en "Ü EAM. LOCUSTIDZS 7 6. P. abnormis, Redtenbacher, Mon. Conoc., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Retalulen. p. 538 (1891) (TAysdrus). — Taf. I, Fig. 5. 7. P. caudata, Redtenbacher, ibidem, p. 537 (1891) (TAywsdrus). Faro, Alto-Amazonas. 8. P. macilenta, Redtenbacher, ibidem. p. 539 (1891) (TAysdrus). Brasilien, Columbien. 9. P. nemoptera, Bolivar, Orth. Ile Cuba, Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. Vol. i, Alto-Amazonas, Bahia, Rio p- 153 (1888). Negro. [ Brasilien. 1o. P. teres, De Geer, Mém. Ins. Vol. 3, p. 458 (1773) (Locusta). Panama, Surinam, Bogota, rr. P. mantispa, Bolivar, Orth. Ile Cuba, Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. Vol. r, Mexico, Panama, Cayenne, p- 154 (1888). Alto-Amazonas, Santa- Pilugis teres, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. Vol. 5, Suppl. p. 15 rem, Brasilien. (1871) (nec De Geer, 1773). 12. P. coriacea, Redtenbacher, Mon. Conoc., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Brasilien. p 534(189r) ( TAysdrus). 13. P. cefhalotes, Bolivar, Orth. Ile Cuba, Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. Vol. r, Apiahy, Brasilien. p. 154 (1888). 14. P. dubia, Karny, Rev. Conoc., Abh. Zool.-bot. Ges Wien, Vol. 4(3), Banguey bei Borneo. p- 162 (1907). 3. GENUS PHLUGIOLA, KARNY Phlugiola, Karny, Rev. Conoc., Abh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 4 (3), p. 103 (1907). Charaktere. — Klein, schlank. Augen kugelig, stark vorstehend, den Scheitel überragend. Kopfgipfel klein. stumpf, nicht vorgezogen. Fühler sehr zart, braun- oder schwarz-geringelt. Halsschild drehrund, verlingert, nach hinten stark gerundet-vorgezogen; Seitenlappen sehr schmal, mit fast- geraden, sehr schiefen Rándern, ohne Schulterbucht. Vorderflügel lappenfórmig, fast ganz verkümmert, vom Halsschild fast ganz bedeckt. Vorderschenkel unten bedornt; Mittelschenkel wehrlos; Hinter- schenkel am Grunde sehr stark verdickt, fast blasig aufgetrieben, dann plótzlich dünn, stábchenfórmig. Hintere Knielappen zugespitzt. Vorderschienen mit offenem Trommelfell, unten bedornt; Mittel- schienen ebenfalls bedornt; Hinterschienen auf der Unterseite unbewehrt, auf der Oberseite mit zahlreichen Dórnchen besetzt. Legeróhre und Subgenitalplatte des Q wie bei PZ/ugis gestaltet. Kalrat- Mme Sip) Typus. — PAlugiola redtenbacheri, Karny. Geographische Verbreitung der Art, — Surinam. 1. P. vedienbacheri, Karny, Rev. Conoc., Abh. Zool.-bot, Ges. Wien, Surinam. Vol. 4 (3), p. 103 (1907). — Taf. 1, Fig. 6. 4. GENUS TEUTHROIDES, BOLIVAR Teuthroides. Bolivar, Conoc. Nouv-Guin., Ann. Hist. Nat. Mus, Nat. Hung. Vol. 3, p. 394 (1905). Charaktere. — Augen kugelig. Kopfgipfel sehr schmal, stark seitlich zusammengedrückt. Halsschild vorn abgestutzt, hinten abgerundet; sein Rücken depress, mit stumpfen Seitenründern, in der Mitte stark eingeschnürt, sehr schmal, nach hinten viel stárker als nach vorn erweitert, hintere Ouerfurche in der Mitte gelegen; Seitenlappen lànger als breit, mit abrerundeten Ecken und stumpfer Schulterbucht. Vorderbrust mit zwei Dornen bewehrt. Mittel- und Hinterbrust mit je zwei kráftigen, kugelfórmigen Hóckerchen versehen. Vorder- und Hinterflügel vollstindig ausgebildet, viel lànger als 8 ORTHOPTERA die Hinterschenkel; erstere am Ende abgerundet, beim. Q mit parallelen Rándern, nur nahe der Spitze etwas schmáler, beim cf in der Basalhálfte bedeutend breiter als 1n der distalen, mit máchtig entwik- keltem Zirporgan, ihr Hinterrand nahe der Mitte stark S-fórmig nach vorwárts gebogen; Radii sector wenig vor der Mitte entspringend, nahe der Mitte gegabelt. Beine nicht verlàngert. Vorderschenkel unten an der Innenseite mit wenigen Dornen, von denen einer oder zwei grósser sind ; Mittelschenkel aussen mit ein oder zwei Dornen; Hinterschenkel in der distalen Hülfte schlank, unten beiderseits mit vier Dornen bewehrt. Knielappen der Vorder- und Mittelbeine aussen spitz, innen stumpf; die der Hinterbeine mit zwei Dornen versehen. Vorder- und Mittelschienen unten beiderseits mit sechs verlán- gerten, eebogenen, gegen die Spitze zu an Grósse abnehmenden Dornen bewaffnet; Gehórsóffnung der Vorderschienen spaltfórmig. Mittelschienen oben unbedornt. Hinterschienen oben und unten mit Dórnchen versehen. Legeróhre fast gerade. am Grunde erweitert, am Ende zugespitzt, mit etwas ausgebuchtetem Oberrand. Subgenitalplatte des Q am Ende dreieckig. Genitalien des cf nach dem- selben Typus wie bei Hexacentrus gestaltet. (Taf. |, Fig. 7-9.) Typus. — Teuthroides mimeticus, Bolivar. Geographische Verbreitung der Art. Neu-Guinea. 1. T. mimeticus, Bolivar, Conoc. Nouv.-Guin., Ann. Hist. Nat. Mus. Nat. Stephansort, Astrolabe-Bay. Hung. Vol. 3. p. 395 (1905). — Taf. l!, Fig. 7-9. 5b. GENUS PARATEUTHRAS, BOLIVAR Parateuthras. Bolivar, Conoc. Nouv.-Guin., Ann. Hist. Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. Vol. 3, p. 393 (1905). Charaktere. — Augen kugelig. Kopfgipfel schmal, von vorn gesehen etwas verdickt, aber viel schmüler als das erste Fühlerglied. Halsschild vorn und hinten abgestutzt, fast ausgerandet; sein Rücken vorn drehrund, hinten abgeflacht, in der Mitte etwas eingeschnürt, hintere Querfurche nahe der Mitte gelegen, mittlerer Lángskiel wenig deutlich, von den beiden hinteren Querfurchen unter- brochen; Seitenlappen lünger als breit, mit abgerundeten Ecken und stumpfer Schulterbucht. Vorder- brust mit zwei Dornen bewehrt. Mittel. und Hinterbrust mit zwei kráftigen Hóckerchen versehen. Vorder- und Hinterflügel vollstándig ausgebildet, viel lànger als die Hinterschenkel; erstere nahe der Mitte etwas erweitert, am Ende schiefabgestutzt; Radii sector vor der Mitte entspringend, in der Mitte gegabelt. Beine nicht verlingert. Alle Schenkel unten mit unregelmássig geságten Ründern, die vorderen innen mit drei, die mittleren und hinteren aussen mit zwei bis vier kráftigen Dornen versehen. Knielappen der Vorderbeine ein wenig vorgezogen, abgestumpft, die der Hinterbeine mit zwei Dornen bewehrt. Vorderschienen unten beiderseits mit sechs verlángerten, gebogenen, gegen die Spitze zu an Grósse abnehmenden Dornen versehen; Gehórsóffnung spaltfórmig. Mittelschienen oben nahe dem Grunde mit einem Dorn besetzt, Hinterschienen unten nahe der Mitte, oben vom Grunde an bedornt. Legeróhre gerade, am Grunde erweitert, am Ende zugespitzt, mit S-fórmig gebogenem Oberrand, (Grafen, tei logs) Typus. — Pavateuthras truncatus, Bolivar. Geographische Verbreitung der Art. — Neu-Guinea. 1. P. truncatus, Bolivar, Conoc. Nouv.-Guin., Ann. Hist. Nat. Mus. Nat. Astrolabe-Bay. Hung. Vol. 3, p. 394 (1995). — Taf. l, Fig. 1O, II. FAM. LOCUSTIDZE 9 6. GENUS PHISIS, SrAL Phisis. Stàl, Eugen. Resa, Orth. 324 (1860). Nocera, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2, p. ror. 214 (1869). Teuthras. 5tàl. Recens. Orth. Vol. 2, p. 102, 116 (1874). Charaktere. — Augen kugelig, den Scheitel vorn nicht überragend. Kopfgipfel kurz, kegel- fórmig, viel schmáler als das erste Fühlerglied. Halsschildrücken fast eben, sein hinterer Teil nicht verlàngert, sein Vorder- und Hinterrand abgestutzt; Seitenlappen schmal, an Breite nach rückwárts nicht oder kaum abnehmend, mit schiefem Hinterrand, ohne Schulterbucht. Seitliche Oeffnung des Prothorax frei, nicht bedeckt. Vorderbrust mit zwei Dornen bewehrt. Mittel- und Hinterbrust mit zwei Dornen oder Hóckerchen. Vorderflügel schmal, den hinteren an Lànge gleich, die Hinterschenkel weit überragend, mit dichtem, unregelmássigem Geáder. Vorder- und Mittelschenkel unten abgeplattet, die vorderen unten mit einigen sehr langen Dornen, die mittleren aussen mit mehreren langen, innen unbewehrt oder mit einzelnen kürzeren Dornen versehen; Hinterschenkel beiderseits mit mehreren langen, innen unbewehrt oder mit einzelnen kürzere Dornen versehen; Hinterschenkel beiderseits mit mehreren kleineren Dórnchen. Alle Knielappen bedornt. Vorderschienen mit spaltfórmiger Gehórsóft- nung, wenig gebogen, unten mit mehreren sehr langen Dornen bewehit; Mittelschienen ebenfalls mit einigen làángeren Dornén; Hinterschienen oben mit zahlreichen Dórnchen, unten mit viel wenigeren. Analplatte beim cf vorgezogen. Cerci des c schlank, verlàngert, stark gebogen, behaart, unbewehrt. Subgenitalplatte beim cf am Ende breit dreieckig ausgeschnitten, Styli sehr kurz. Legeróhre gebogen, am Grunde blasig erweitert. Cerci des Q schlank, zugespitzt, verlángert, behaart. (Taf. !, Fig. 12-15.) Typus. — Listroscelis pectinata, Guérin- Méneville. Geographische Verbreitung der Arten. — Tropen der óstlichen Halbkugel. . I. P. echinata, Redtenbacher, Mon. Conoc., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Fidji-Inseln. p- 540 (1891) (Teuthras). — Taf. 1, Fig. 12. 2. P. arachnoides, Bolivar, Conoc. Nouv.-Guin., Ann. Hist. Nat. Mus. | Neu-Guinea. Nat. Hung. Vol. 3, p. 388-395 (1905) (Teuthras). 3. P. dumosa, Karsch, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 57. p. 354 (1896) (Teuthras). ^ West-Atrika, Togo. 4. P. spinifera, Butler, Orth. Rodrig., Ann. Mag. Nat Hist. (4), Vol. 17, Rodriguez. p. 410 (1876). 5. P. carminator, Bolivar, Fasgon. Guin. Esp., Mem. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. Kamerun. Vol. r. p. 375 (1906) (Teuthras). — Taf. 1, Fig. 18. P.africana, Karny, Rev. Conoc., Abh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 4 (3), p- 104 (1907). 6. P. rubrosignata, Bolivar, Conoc. Nouv.-Guin., Ann. Hist. Nat. Mus. Neu-Guinea. Nat. Hung. Vol. 3, p. 388-395 (Teuthras). — Wahrscheinlich nur Farbenvarietát der folgenden Art. . P. rapa, Redtenbacher, Mon. Conoc., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Fidji-Inseln. p. 541 (1891) (Teuthras). 8. P. pallida, Walker, Cat. Derm Salt. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2, p. ro1 (1869) Samoa-Inseln. (Nocera). — Nach Kirby. Syn. Cat. Orth. Vol. 2, p. 286, mit der folgenden Art identisch; von Holdhaus, Denkschr. Math.-Nat. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Vol. 68, p. 22. als eizene Art neu beschrieben. 9. P. pectinata, Guérin-Méneville, Voy. Coquille, Ins. p. 1i5o (1330) Ceylon, Nikobaren. Bor- (Listroscelis). — (Taf. |, Fig. 14. neo, Molukken, Bourou, Neu-Guinea, Tahiti, Sa- moa-Inseln. 10. P. listeri, IKirby, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 547 (1888). Christmas Island. M IO ORTHOPTERA 1I. P. acutipennis, Carl, Conoc., Rev. Suisse, Zool. Vol. 16 (2), p. 144 Java. (1908). — Taf. I, Fig. 15. 12. P, gracilipes, Stàl, Oefv. Vet.-Akad. Fórh. Vol. 34 (10). p. 46 (1877) Philippinen, Java. (Teuthras). 13. P. crassipes, Bolivar, Conoc. Nouv.-Guin., Ann. Hist. Nat. Mus. Nat. Neu-Guinea. Hung. Vol. 3, p. 388, 595 (1905) (Teuthras). 14. P. ?pogonopoda, Montrouzier, Essai Faune lle Woodlark, Ann. Soc. Woodlark-Insel. Agric. Lyon, Vol. 7 (1), p. 88 (1855) (Locusta). 7. GENUS AXYLUS, STAL Axylus. Stál, Orth. nov. Ins. Philipp., Oefv. Vet.-Akad. Fórh. Vol. 34 (10), p. 46 (1877). Charaktere, — « Mit Phisis sehr nahe verwandt. Seitenlappen des Halsschilds nach rückwarts verbreitert. Vorderbeine kürzer, mit kürzeren Dornen bewehrt. Legeróhre fast gerade » 1). (Taf. l, Fig. 16.) Typus. — Axylus castaneus, Stàl. Geographische Verbreitung der Art, — Philippinen. 1. Á. castaneus, Stàl, Orth. nov. Ins. Philipp., Oefv. Vet.-Akad. Fórh. Philippinen. Vol. 34 (10), p. 46 (1877). — Taf. I, Fig. 16. : 8. GENUS DECOLYA, BOLIVAR Decolya. Bolivar, Orth. St. Joseph's Coll. Trichinopoly. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Vol. 68 (4), p. 782 (1900). Charaktere, — Augen kugelig. Mandibeln klein, normal. Palpen sehr lang; die der Maxillen fadenfórmig, die der Unterlippe gegen das Ende zu verbreitert, mit schief ausgehóhltem Endgliede. Stirn gewólbt. Kopfgipfel kurz, zugespitzt, viel kleiner als das erste Fühlerglied. Pronotum schild- fórmig. mit abgestutztem Vorder- und Hinterrand, undeutlichen Furchen. ohne Kiele; Seitenlappen mit schmal zurückgebogenem Unterrand, ohne Schulterbucht. Seitliche Oeffnung des Prothorax frei. Vorder-, Mittel- und Hinterbrust mit je zwei kurzen Záhnen ausgestattet Vorderflügel verkürzt. Beine, besonders die vorderen, stark verlángert. Vorderhüften mit einem Dorn bewehrt. Vorderschenkel unten mit zwei Reihen langer Dornen; Mittel- und Hinterschenkel nur aussen mit mássig grossen oder kleinen Dornen besetzt. Knielappen bedornt. Vorderschienen drehrund, mit zwei Reihen langer Dornen, die gegen den Tarsus zu an Grósse abnehmen; Decke des Trommelfells muschelfórmig, blasig aufgetrieben, mit rundlichen Oeffnungen. Mittelschienen mit weniger langen Dornen, oben mit wenigen ; Hinterschienen beiderseits mit Enddorn. Cerci des C fast winkelig gebogen. Subgenitalplatte beim c gross, gebuchtet, Styli kurz. Cerci des Q gebogen, spitz. Legeróhre lang, seitlich zusammen- gedrückt, wenig gebogen. (Taf. 2, Fig. 1-4.) Typus. — Doecolya visenda, Bolivar. Geographische Verbreitung der Art. — Vorder-Indien. 1. D. visenda, Bolivar, Orth. St. Joseph's Coll. Trichinopoly, Ann. Soc. Kodai-Kanal. Ent. Fr. Vol. 68 (4), p. 783 (1900). — Taf. 2, Fig. l-4. 1) Die systematische Stellung dieser Gattung erscheint zweifelhaft. Ich hatte zwar nicht Gelegenheit das Oririnalexemplar zu untersuchen ; nach der mir zur Verfügung gestellten Abbildung bin ich aber durchaus nicht sicher, ob es sich wirklich um eine Listrosceline handelt; ich móchte fast eher annehmen, es sei eine Agrzeciine aus der Verwandtschaft von JVicsara oder .SaZomona. FAM. LOCUSTIDZE II 9. GENUs LIPOTACTES, BRUNNER VON WATTENWYL Lipotactes. Brunner von Wattenwyl, Orth. Malay. Archip., Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, Vol. 24, p. 274 (1898). Charaktere. — Kopf gross, quer. Kopfgipfel depress, breit. Augen kugelig. Fühler sehr lang. Stirn quer, abgerundet. Halsschild kurz, mit abgestutztem Vorder- und Hinterrand, ohne Seitenkiele; Seitenlappen gegen den Unterrand zu stark verschmálert. Vorderbrust mit zwei zahnfórmigen Dornen. Mittel- und Hinterbrust mit je zwei stumpfen, knotenfórmigen Hóckerchen. Vorder- und Hinterflügel fehlen. Alle Schenkel unbewehrt, die hinteren am Grunde stark verdickt, gegen das Ende zu sehr schlank. Vorderschienen mit spaltfórmigen Gehórsóffnungen, unten am Vorderrand mit fünf, am Hinterrand mit vier Dornen bewehrt, die abstehen, jedoch nicht verlàngert sind. Mittelschienen unten beiderseits mit fünf sehr kleinen Dàrnchen versehen. Legeróhre gebogen, zugespitzt. Subgenitalplatte des OQ dreieckig. (Taf. 2, Fig. 5, 6.) Typus. — Lifotactes alienus, Brunner von Wattenwyl. Geographische Verbreitung der Art — Dorneo. 1. L. alienus, Brunner von Wattenwyl, Orth. Malay. Archip., Abh. Senckenb. Borneo. Naturf. Ges. Frankfurt, Vol. 24, p. 274 (1898). — Taf. 2, Fig. 5, 6. IO. GENUS CERBERODON, PERTY GCerberodon. Perty, Delect. Anim. Artic., Orth. p. 119 (1832). Charaktere. — Augen kugelig. Mandibeln kráftig, beim c die linke stark verlángert und gebogen. Stirn dicht kórnig-gerunzelt, lederartig. Kopfgipfel kurz. schmal, seitlich zusammengedrückt, zugespitzt, viel schmáler und kürzer als das erste Fühlerglied. Halsschild drehrund, mit abgestutztem oder fast ausgerandetem Vorder- und. Hinterrand ; Querfurchen tief. die hintere nahe dem Hinterrand gelegen; Seitenlappen mit geradem Unterrand und schiefem, etwas welligem Hinterrand. Seitliche Oeffnung des Prothorax frei. Vorder-, Mittel und Hinterbrust mit je zwei Dornen. Vorder- und Hinterflügel vollkommen entwickelt, erstere am Grunde ohne hellen Fleck. Beine kráftig, besonders die vorderen stark verlàngert. Vorder- und Mittelschenkel unten mit einer deutlichen breiten Lángs- furche, beiderseits mit ungefáhr fünf Dornen bewehrt; Hinterschenkel unten beiderseits mit mehreren Dornen. Alle Knielappen bedornt. Vorderschienen gebogen, verlàngert, beiderseits mit fünf langen Dornen und einem kleineren vor dem Ende; Gehórsóffnung spaltfórmig. Mittelschienen oben mit drei, unten jederseits mit sechs Dornen. Cerci des gf fast winkelig gebogen, zugespitzt. Subgenitalplatte beim cf breit, am Ende abgestutzt und tief eingeschnitten; Styli kurz. Subgenitalplatte beim Q9 dreieckig, am Ende tief ausgeschnitten. Legeróhre lang, fast gerade, am Grunde verdickt, am Ende gebogen. (Taf. 2, Fig. 7.) Typus. — Cerberodon viridis, Perty. Geographische Verbreitung der Art. — Süd-Amerika. 1. C. viridis, Perty, Delect. Anim. Artic., Orth. p. 120 (1832). — Taf. 2, Brasilien. Eig: T. I2 ORTHOPTERA IIl. GeNUS MONOCEROPHORA, WALKER Monocerophora. Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. Vol. r, p. 157 (1869). Charaktere. — Augen kugelig. Mandibeln gross und kráftig, beiderseits gleich ausgebildet. Stirn glatt. Kopfgipfel kurz, schmal, seitlich zusammengedrückt, zugespitzt, viel schmáler und kurzer als das erste Fühlerglied. Halsschild drehrund, vorn und hinten abgestutzt oder fast ausgerandet, mit wenig deutlichen Querfurchen; die hintere derselben nahe dem Hinterrand gelegen; Seitenlappen mit geradem Unterrand und schiefem, fast welligem Hinterrand. Seitliche Oeffnung des Prothorax frei. Vorder-, Mittel- und Hinterbrust mit je zwei Dornen bewehrt. Vorder- und Hinterflügel vollstándig ausgebildet, erstere am Grunde ohne hellen Fleck. Beine kráftig, besonders die vorderen stark verlàn- gert. Vorder- und Mittelschenkel unten in der Regel drehrund, selten gefurcht, beiderseits mit drei oder vier Dornen bewehrt; Hinterschenkel beiderseits mit mehreren kleinen Dornen. Alle Knielappen bedornt. Vorder- und Mittelschienen unten beiderseits mit fünf oder sechs langen Dornen, erstere stark verlàngert, gebogen, letztere oben mit drei kleineren Dornen. Gehórsóffnung spaltfórmig. Hinter- schienen oben und unten beiderseits bedornt. Cerci des C! wenig gebogen, zugespitzt. Subgenitalplatte beim gf dreieckig, am Ende tief ausgeschnitten; Styli lang. Subgenifalplatte beim ci breit, am Ende ausgerandet. Legeróhre lang, fast gerade. am Grunde stark verdickt. (Taf. 2, Fig. 8, 9.) Typus. — Monocerophora minax, Walker. Geographische Verbreitung der Arten. — Süd-Amerika 1. M. longisbina, Burmeister, Handb. Ent. Vol. 2, p.715 (1839) (Listroscelis). Brasilien, Rio de Janeiro, — af.2,Eig.8; 9: Bahia, Pernambuco. M.minax, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. Vol. r, p. 158 (1869). 2. M. spinosa, Karny. Rev. Conoc., Abh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 4(3), Espirito Santo. p- 106 (1907) (Listroscelis). I2. GENUS LISTROSCELIS, SERVvILLE Listroscelis. Serville, Rev. Méthod., Ann. Sc. Nat. Vol. 22, p. 160 (183r). Charaktere. — Augen kugelig. Stirn mehr oder weniger glatt. Mandibeln kráftig, beiderseits gleich ausgebildet oder die linke beim cf stark verlàngert und winkelig gebogen. Kopfgipfel kurz, schmal, seitlich zusammengedrückt, zugespitzt, viel schmáler und kürzer als das erste Fühlerglied. Halsschild drehrund, mit abgestutztem oder fast ausgerandetem Vorder- und Hinterrand; hintere Quer- furche nahe dem Hinterrande gelegen; Seitenlappen mit geradem Unterrand und schiefem, fast gewelltem Hinterrand. Seitliche Oeffnung des Prothorax frei. Vorder-, Mittel- und Hinterbrust mit je zwei Dornen versehen. Vorderflügel vollkommen entwickelt, beim Vorderrand am Grunde mit einem hellen Fleck. Beine kráftig, besonders die vorderen stark verlàngert. Alle Schenkel unten mit kleinen oder mássig grossen Dornen bewehrt und der Lànge nach gefurcht. Alle Knielappen bedornt. Vorder- und Mittelschienen unten beiderseits mit langen Dornen; erstere verlàngert, gebogen, mit spaltfórmiger Gehórsóffnung; letztere auch oben mit einigen Dornen verseben. Cerci des cf gebogen, zugespitzt. Subgenitalplatte beim cf tief eingeschnitten; Styli schlank. Subgenitalplatte beim Q ausgerandet. Legeróhre lang, schmal, wenig gebogen. (Taf. 2, Fig. !O.) Typus. — Listroscelis armata, Serville. FAM. LOCUSTIDZE 13 Geographische Verbreitung der Arten. — Süd-Amerka. I. L. armata, Serville, Rev. Méthod., Ann. Sc. Nat. Vol. 22, p. 161 (1831). Brasilien, Bahia, Cayenne. 2. L. ferruginea, Redtenbacher, Mon. Conoc., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Neu-Freiburg, Brasilien. p. 546 (189r). — Soll nach Carl (Rev. Suisse Zool. Vol. 16 (2), p- 146 [1908]) mit azmata identisch sein. 3. L. atrata, Redtenbacher, Mon. Conoc.. Verh. Zool-bot. Ges. Wien, Neu-Freiburg, Brasilien. p- 545 (1891). 4. L. carinata, Karny, Rev. Conoc., Abh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 4 (3), Minas-Geraeés, Espirito San- p. 106 (1907). — Taf. 2, Fig. 1O. to. I3. GENUS CARLIELLA, KARNY Carliella. Karny, Descript. Conoc. nov., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, p. 345 (1911). Charaktere. — Augen kugelig, stark vorragend. Mandibeln kráftüig, beim gf die linke stark verlàngert und winkelig gebogen. Stirn dicht und fein quer gerunzelt, Kopfgipfel kurz, schmal, seitlich zusammengedrückt, zugespitzt, viel schmáler und kürzer als das erste Fühlerglied Halsschild drehrund, mit abgestutzten Vorder- und Hinterrand; hintere Ouerfurche nahe dem Hinterrande gelegen; Seiten- lappen mit geradem Unterrand, schiefem Hinterrand, abgerundeten Ecken, ohne Schulterbucht. Vorder-, Mittel- und Hinterbrust mit je zwei Dornen bewehrt. Vorderflügel stark verkürzt, schuppen- fórmig. Beine stark und kráftig, die vorderen viel kürzer als die hinteren. Auch die Hinterschenkel deutlich kürzer als der Kórper. Alle Schenkel unten beiderseits mit mehreren kleinen oder mássig grossen Dornen bewehrt. Knielappen stumpf-dreieckig, nur die inneren der Mittel- und Hinterschenkel kurz bedornt. Gehórsóffnung spaltfórmig. Vorder- und Mittelschienen unten beiderseits mit langen Dornen bewehrt; erstere verlàngert, gebogen; letztere oben innen mit drei Dornen versehen, aussen mit einem. Cerci des cf dick, gebogen, zugespitzt. Subgenitalplatte beim c wenig rundlich ausgerandet, Styli Veces. (Clrério 2 een 12.9) Typus. — Carliella mandibularis, Karny. Geographische Verbreitung der Art, — Süd-Amerika. 1. C. mandibularis, Karny, Descript. Conoc. nov., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Cuyaba, Matto-Grosso. Wien, p. 346 (1911). — Taf. 2, Fig. Il. l4. GeNUS ARACHNOSCELIS, KARNY Arachnoscelis. Karny, Descript. Conoc. nov., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, p. 346 (1911). Charaktere. — Augen kugelig. Mandibeln sehr kráftig, gebogen, beiderseits gleich ausgebildet. Kopfgipfel kurz, schmal, seitlich zusammengedrückt, zugespitzt, viel schmáler und kürzer als das erste Fühlerglied. Halsschild drehrund, mit abgestutztem Vorder- und ausgerandetem Hinterrand; hintere Querfurche nahe dem Hinterrande gelegen; Seitenlappen ziemlich schmal, mit geradem Unterrand, schiefem Hinterrand, abgerundeten Ecken. Vorder-, Mittel- und Hinterbrust mit je zwei Dornen bewehrt. Vorderflügel verkümmert, schuppenfórmig. Beine sehr schlank, sehr lang, die vorderen unge- fáhr so lang wie die hinteren. Vorder- und Hinterschenkel deutlich lánger als der Kórper. Alle Schenkel unten mit kleinen oder mássig grossen Dornen versehen. Alle Knielappen bedornt. Trommelfell muschelfórmig überdeckt. Vorder- und Mittelschienen mit langen Dornen, erstere verlángert, gebogen, letztere oben mit zwei Dornen bewehrt. Cerci des c* lang, gebogen. Subgenitalplatte beim cf abgestutzt, Styli schlank. (Taf. 8, Fig. 1, 2). I4 ORTHOPTERA Typus. — Listroscelis arachnoides, Redtenbacher. Geographische Verbreitung der Art. — Süd Amerika. I. A. arachnoides, Redtenbacher, Mon. Conoc., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Columbia. p- 546 (1891) (Listroscelis). — Taf. 3, Fig. !, 2. 15. GeNUs PARALISTROSCELIS, CaARL Paralistroscelis. Carl, Conoc., Rev. Suisse Zool. Vol. 16 (2), p. 146 (1908). Charaktere. — Grósser. Augen kugelig. Kopgipfel kurz, seitlich zusammengedrückt, zugespitzt, viel schmáler und kürzer als das erste Fühlerglied. Halsschild drehrund, mit abgestutztem Vorderrand ; hintere Querfurche nahe der Mitte gelegen; Hinterlappen, besonders beim c, gross, abgerundet, kaum abgeplattet, ohne Mittelkiel; Seitenlappen mit geradem Unterrand, schiefem, kaum gewelltem Hinter- rand, ohne Schulterbucht. Seitliche Oeffnung des Prothorax nicht bedeckt. Vorder-, Mittel- und Hinterbrust mit je zwei Dornen bewehrt. Vorderflügel lang, vor dem Ende wenig, aber deutlich verbreitert, in der Mitte auch beim c schmal, spárlich und verwaschen dunkel gefleckt. Schenkel unten bedornt, die vorderen und mittleren unten stark abgeplattet, Alle Knielappen beiderseits mit je zwei Dornen bewehrt. Vorderschienen gebogen, mit langen Dornen besetzt. Gehórsóffnungen spaltfórmig. Mittelschienen oben mit zwei Dornen. Legeróhre linger als Kopf und Halsschild zusammen, kaum blasig erweitert, wenig gebogen. (Taf. 3, Fig. 3, 4.) Typus. — Pavalistroscelis iusularis, Carl. Geographische Verbreitung der Art — Madagaskar. I. P. listrosceloides, Karny, Rev. Conoc., Abh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Madagaskar. Vol. 4 (3). p. 109 (1907) (Hexacentrus). — Taf. 8, Fig. 9, 4. P. insularis, Carl, Conoc., Rev. Suisse Zool. Vol. 16 (2), p. 147 (1908). I 47 - 16. GeNUS PARAHEXACENTRUS, NOV. GEN. Charaktere. — Kleiner. Augen kugelig. Kopfgipfel sehr schmal, kurz, seitlich zusammen- gedrückt, zugespitzt. Halsschild vorn drehrund, hinten eben, in der Mitte eingeschnürt, mit deutlichen Querfurchen, deren hintere nahe der Mitte gelegen; Seitenlappen mit abgerundeten Ecken, schiefem Hinterrand, undeutlicher Schulterbucht. Vorder-, Mittel- und Hinterbrust mit je zwei Dornen bewehrt. Vorderflügel nahe dem Ende wenig, aber deutlich verbreitert, in der Mitte auch beim c schmal, dicht dunkel gesprenkelt. Beine nicht verlàngert. Alle Schenkel unten mit je drei Dornen versehen. Knie- lappen bedornt. Vorder- und Mittelschienen unten beiderseits mit je fünf kráftigen Dornen ausgestattet, Mittelschienen ausserdem noch oben mit einem Dorn; Hinterschienen mit zahlreichen kleinen Dornen. Legeróhre sehr auffallend gestaltet, kurz, kürzer als Kopf und Halsschild zusammen, am Grunde stark verbreitert und blasig aufgetrieben, ihr Unterrand stark gebogen, ihr Oberrand mit doppelter S-fórmiger Krümmung. (Taf. 3, Fig. 5.) Typus. — Hexacentrus paradoxus, Karny. Geographische Verbreitung der Art. — Neu-Guinea., I. P. paradoxus, Karny, Rev. Conoc., Abh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol.4 (3), Sattelberg, Neu-Guinea. p. 108 (1907) (Hexacentrus). — Taf. 8, Fig. 5. FAM. LOCUSTID/E 15 I7. GENUs HEXACENTRUS, SERVILLE Hexacentrus. Serville, Rev. Méthod., Ann. Sc. Nat. Vol. 22, p. 145 (1831). Piura. Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2, p. 281 (1869). Ted!la. Walker, ibidem, p. 393 (1869). Charaktere. — Augen kugelig. Kopfgipfel sehr schmal, kurz, seitlich zusammengedrückt, zugespitzt. Halsschild vorn drehrund, hinten erweitert und abgeplattet, mit fast abgestutztem Vorder- rand und rundlich abgestutztem Hinterrand; hintere Querfurche nahe dér Mitte gelegen; Halsschild- rücken mit brauner Làngsbinde, welche nach vorn etwas, nach hinten stark verbreitert ist ; Seitenlappen mit schiefem, fast geradem Hinterrand, ohne Schulterbucht; Hinterlappen vorgezogen, in der Mitte mit stumpfem Làngskiel, mit kurzen, nach vorn sich verlierenden Seitenkielen. Seitliche Oeffnung des Prothorax frei, nicht bedeckt. Vorder-, Mittel- und Hinterbrust mit je zwei Dornen bewehrt. Vorder- Hügel beim C nahe der Mitte mehr oder weniger erweitert, beim Q schmal. Hinterflügel mitunter verkürzt. Beine nicht verlángert. Alle Schenkel unten beiderseits mit kleinen Dórnchen, seltener ohne solche. Alle Knielappen, mit Ausnahme des àáusseren der Vorderschenkel, meist bedornt; die der Hinterbeine beiderseits mit einem grósseren Dorn bewehrt und daneben meist noch mit einem zweiten kleineren. Vorder- und Mittelschienen unten beiderseits mit je sechs langen Dornen versehen; Gehórs- óffnungen spaltfórmig; Hinterschienen oben der ganzen Lánge nach, unten nur in der distalen Hàlfte bedornt, Cerci des cf am Grunde dick, behaart, vor dem Ende plótzlich verschmálert, schlank und gebogen. Subgenitalplatte beim g'* meist am Ende ausgeschnitten, Styli lang. Legeróhre gerade oder wenig gebogen, am Grunde blasig erweitert, am Ende zugespitzt. Subgenitalplatte beim Q ausgerandet. aliat a3 Eip 672) Typus. — Hexacentrus uuicolor, Serville. Geo3raphische Verbreitung der Arten. — Tropen der óstlichen Halbkugel. 1. H. inflatus, Iedtenbacher, Mon. Conoc., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Gabun, West-Afrika. p. 549 (1891). 2. H. harnyi, Grifini, Phasgon. Congo, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. Vol. 53. "Tanganyika. p. 21 (1909) 3. H. alluaudi, Bolivar, Fasgon. Guin. Esp., Mem. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. Assinie. Vol. zr, p. 376 (1906). 4. H. dorsatus, Redtenbacher, Mon. Conoc., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Gabun, West-Afrika, Ka- p- 549 (1891). merun. 5. H. australis, Redtenbacher, ibidem, p. 550 (1891). Fidji-Inseln. 6. H. femoralis, Dohrn, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 66, p. 238 (1905). Sumatra. 7. H. elegans, Redtenbacher, Mon. Conoc., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Ost-Indien, Cambodja. p. 550 (1891). 8. H. fruhstorferi, Dohrn, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 66. p. 237(1905). — Taf. 8, Than-Moi, Tonkin. Fig. 6. z H. circumscriptus, Karny, Rev. Conoc., Abh. Zool.bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 4 (3), p. 110 (1907). 9. H. pusillus, Redtenbacher, Mon. Conoc., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Java. p- 548 (189r). 10. H. maximus, Karny, Rev. Conoc., Abh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Than-Moi, Tonkin. Vol. 4 (3), p. 118 (1907) ir. H. major, Redtenbacher, Mon. Conoc., Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Ost-Indien. p. 551 (189r). 12. H. munda, Walker, Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2, p. 282 (1869) Japan, China, Ost-Indien, (Piura). -- Taf. 8, Fig. 7. Tedla sellata, Walker, ibidem, p. 393 (1869). Tedla simplex, Walker, ibidem, Vol. 3, p. 484 (1870). H. annulicornis, Stàl, Oefv. Vet.-Akad. Fórh. Vol. 34 (10), p. 46 (1877). Philippinen, Molukken, Aru-Inseln., 16 ORTHOPTERA 13. H. unicolor. Serville, Rev. Méthod., Ann. Sc. Nat. Vol. 22. p. r46 Ost-Indien, Birma, Amoy, (183r). Singapur, Java, Suma- tra, Celebes Amboina, Borneo. Molukken, Phi- lippinen, Cochinchina , China Formosa, Japan. 14. H. fuscipes, Matsumura & Shiraki, Locustiden Japans, Journ. Coll. Hoppo. Formosa. Agric. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Sapporo, Japan, Vol. 3 (1), p. 65 (1908). 15. H. japonicus, Karny, Rev. Conoc.. Abh. Zool.bot. Ges. Wien, Yokohama, Japan. Vol. 4 (3), p. 1x1 (1907). : H. jlantaris, Burmeister, Handb. Ent. Vol. 2, p. 714 (1839). Zweifelhafte Arten : 16. H. stáli, Krausze, Insektenbórse, p. 213 (1904). 'Tonkin. 17. H. bilineatus, Montrouzier, Essai Faune Ile Woodlark, Ann. Soc. Agric. Woodlark-Inseln. Lyon, Vol. 7, p. 87 (1855) (Locusta). I8. GENUS YORKIELLA, CARL Yorkiella. Carl, Conoc., Rev. Suisse Zool. Vol. r6 (2), p. 148 (1908). Charaktere. — Gross. Augen kugelig. Kopgipfel sehr schmal, kurz, seitlich zusammen- gedrückt, am Ende hakeníórmig aufgebogen, vom Stirngipfel getrennt. Stirn eben, glatt, glàánzend. Hinterhaupt gewólbt. Halsschild vorn drehrund, in der Mitte sattelfórmig eingeschnürt, mit erhobenem, ausgerandet-abgestuztem Vorderrand und zwei Querfurchen; Hinterlappen breit, fast eben, erhoben, mit bogigem Hinterrand, stumpfen Seitenkielen, undeutlichem Mittelkiel; Seitenlappen mit geradem, leicht ansteigendem Unterrand, schiefem, ein wenig gewelltem Hinterrand, abrerundetem Vorder- und stumpfem Hinterwinkel. Oeffnung des Prothorax nicht bedeckt. Vorderbrust mit zwei Dornen. Mittel- und Hinterbrust hinten gespalten, mit schmalen, dreieckigen Lappen, mit je zwei Dornen bewehrt Vorderflügel lang und schmal. Beine verlàngert. Alle Schenkel unten beiderseits bedornt, die vorderen unten stark abgeplattet. Alle Knielappen mit zwei Dornen versehen. Vorder- und Mittelschienen nicht gebogen, unten mit sieben ziemlich langen, kaum gebogenen Dornen ausgestattet, die gegen die Hüfte und gegen das Knie zu an Lánge abnehmen; Gehórsóffnungen der Vorderschienen spaltfórmig , Mittelschienen auch auf der Oberseite mit Dornen besetzt. Cerci des c einfach, am Ende zugespitzt. Subgenitalplatte beim cf mit zwei Kielen, am Ende ausgeschnitten, Styli kurz. (Taf. 3, Fig. 8.) Die systematische Stellung dieser Gattung ist noch unsicher, ihre Einreihung unter die Cono- cephaliden « vielleicht Irrtum, weil die hinteren Flibien fehlten. Vergleich Sagiden-Genus T'erpandrus, Stàl, Recensio, 1874, 2, Brunner von Wattenwyl, Revision, p. 183. Die Zeichnung von McCoy von T. horridus, àÀn Nat. Hist. of Victoria, ist mir nicht zuganzlich » (Carl, r9ro, in litt.). Typus. — Yorkiella icta, Carl. Geographische Verbreitung der Art, — Australien. r. Y. picta, Carl, Conoc., Rev. Suisse Zool. Vol. 16 (2), p. 149 (1908). — . Cap York, Australien. af 9 EIE. I9. GeNus PCECILOMERUS, KARNY Poecilomerus. Karny, Rev. Conoc., Abh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 4 (3), p. 111 (1907). Charaktere. — Kórper langgestreckt, mit schwarzen und rotbraunen Flecken, die besonders an den Schenkeln sehr hervortreten. Kopfgipfel kurz, zugespitzt. Halsschild drehrund, in der Mitte ein FAM. LOCUSTIDZE 17 wenig eingeschnürt, mit erhobenem Vorder- und Hinterrand; Seitenlappen sehr schmal. ohne Schul- terbucht. Vorder-, Mittel- und Hinterbrust mit je zwei Dornen bewehrt oder Hinterbrust unbedornt. Vorderflügel seitlich, schmal, lappenfórmig, einander nicht berührend, fast ganz verkümmert. Alle Schenkel unten beiderseits mit mássig grossen Dornen bewehrt. Alle Knielappen lang bedornt, die der Hinterbeine am Unterrand ausserdem noch mit einem kleinen Dorn. Vorder- und Mittelschienen unten beiderseits mit fünf oder sechs langen Dornen versehen; Mittelschienen ausserdem oben mit zwei Dornen. Subgenitalplatte beim Q vorgezogen, am Ende dreieckig ausgeschnitten. Legeróhre lang, gerade (Taf. 3, Fig. 9, 1O.) Typus. — Poecilomerus saga, Karny. Geographische Verbreitung der Art. Madagaskar. i. P. saga, Karny, Rev. Conoc., Abh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 4 (3), Antongil, Madagaskar. p. 112 (1907). — Taf. S3, Fig. 1O. INDEX (Die eingeklammerte Zahl bedeutet die Artnummer, die vor der Klammer stehende die Gattungsnummer.) Seite Seite abnormis, Redtenbacher (g. PAlugis), 2 (6) . . . . 7 citrina, Redtenbacher (g. Xiphidiopsis), 1(5) . . . 5 acutipennis, Carl(g. PAisis), 6(131) . . . . . . 10 Conocephalus (genus), Thunberg, 2(5) . . . 6 a/TitaMa Kaxnysue-Pirsis)e(5)- o oos 9 coriacea, Redtenbacher (g. PAlugis), 2 (12). . . . 7 alatissima, Karrny (g. Xiphidiopsis),! 1 (6). . . . . 5 crassipes, Bolivar (g. PAisis), 6(13) . . . . . . 10 alienus, Brunner von Wattenwyl (g. L'ifoltactes), 9 1). II alluaudi, Bolivar (g. Hexacentrus), 17 (3). . . . . 15 Decolya (genus), Bolivar, B(1) . . . . . . . 4, 10 annulicornis, Stàl (g. Hexacentrus), 17 (12) Roc 15 distincta, Redtenbacher (g. Xiphidiopsis), 1 (10) arachnoides, Bolivar (g. Phísis)o 6(2) . . . . . 9 dorsatus, Redtenbacher (g. Hexacentrus), 137 (4) . . 15 arachnoides, Redtenbacher (g. Arachnoscelis), 14 (1). 14 dubia, Karny (g. PAlugis)) 2(14) . -. - . . . - 7 Arachnoscelis (genus), Karny, 14 (1) . . . . 4, 13 dumosajKaxscbq(2:2 47525). 6)(3)- 94-9 9-90 9 s 9 armata, Serville (g. Listroscelis), 12 (1, 2) . . . . 13 atrata, Redtenbacher (g. Listroscelis), 12 (3) . . . 13 echinata, Redtenbacher (g. PAisis)! 6(1). . . . . 9 australis, Redtenbacher (g. Hexacentrus), 17 (5)... 15 elegans, Redtenbacher (g. Hexacenutrus), 17 (7). -. . 15 Axylusirenus) Stalb n) ess TRE: EE ARRIO fallax, Redtenbacher (g. Xiphidiopsis), 1 (9g). . . . 6 bilineatus, Montrouzier (g. Hexacentrus), 17 (17) .. . 16 femoralis, Dohrn (g. Hexacentrus), 17 (6). . . . . 15 bubiana, Bolivar (g. Xiphidiopsis)po 1(13) . . . . 6 ferruginea, Redtenbacher ig. Listroscelis), 12 (2) . . 13 forficata, Bolivar (r. Xzphidiopsis)" 1(2) . . . . . 5 capreola, Redtenbacher (g. XipAidiopsis), 1 (8). . . 6 fruhstorferi, Dohrn (g. Hexacentrus), 17 (8) . . . . 15 carinata, Karny (g. Listroscelis), 12 (4). . . . . . 13 fuscipes, Matsumura & Shiraki (g. Hexacentrus), 17 (14) 16 Carliella (genus), Karny, 13 (1). . . . . . . 4, 13 carminator, Bolivar (g. PAsis), 6((8B) . . . 2 9 pracilipess stalls PAisss)62) TETTE 10 castaxeusdStal(e- 4xylus). 7 (2)9 9 9-29 0 0 10 caudata, Redtenbacher (g. PAlugis), 2 (7) 7 Hexacentrus(genus), Serville,15(1), 16(1),17(1-17) 5, 15 cephalotes, Bolivar (g. PAlugis), 2 (13) 7 hintheliana, Griffini (g. Xi1pAidiofsis), 1 (14) Cerberodon (renus) Perty, 10 (1). . . . . . 4, 11 chrysopa, Bolivar ig. PAlugis), 2(5). . . . . . . 6 infirma, Saussure & Pictet (g. PAlugis). 2 (1) circumscriptus, Karny (g. Hexacentrus), 172 ($5) . . . 15 inflatus, Redtenbacher (g. Hexacentrus). 17 (1) .. . . 15 18 insularis, Carl (g. Paralistroscelis), 15 (r) inversa, Karny (g. Xiphidiopsis), 1 (3) . japonicus, Karny (g. Hexacentrus), 17 (15) karnyi, Griffini (g. Hexacentrus), 17 (2) lineata, Bolivar (g. Xzphidiofsis), 1 (15) Lipotactes (genus), Brunner von Wattenwyl, 9 (1) 4, 1: listeri, Kirby (g. PAisis). 6 (10) . Listroscelis (genus), Serville, 6 (9), 11 (r, 2), 12 (1-4), 14 (1) - listrosceloides, Karny (g. Paralistroscelis), 15 (1) . Locusta (genus), Fabricius, 1 (5), 2 (2, 10), 6 (14). longicercata, Bolivar (g. XipAidrofsis), x (7) longispina, Burmeister (g. Mozocerophora), 11 (1). macilenta, Redtenbacher (g. PÁAlugis), 2 (8). major, Redtenbacher (g. Hexacentrus), 17 (11) . mandibularis, Karny (g. Carliella), 13 (1) mantispa, Bolivar (z. PAlugis), 2 (11). marginata, Redtenbacher (g. PAlugis), 2 (4). maximus, Karny (g. Hexaceutrus), 17 (10) mexicana, Saussure & Pictet (g. Phlugis), 2 (3). militaris, Bolivar (g. XifAidiopsis), 1 (1) . mimeticus, Bolivar (g. Teuthroides), 4 (1). minax, Walker (g. Monocerophora), 11 (1). mitrata, Bolivar (g. Xiphidiopsis), 1 (12) . Monocerophora (zenus) Walker, 11 (1-2) . munda, Walker (sg. Hexacentrus), 17 (12). nemoptera, Bolivar (s. PAlugis), 2 (9). Nocera (genus), Walker, 6 (8). pallida, Walker (g. PAisis), 6 (8) paradoxus, Karny (g. Parahexacentrus), 16 (1) . Parahexacentrus (genus), Karny, 16 (1) . Paralistroscelis (renus), Carl, 15 (r) Parateuthras (genus), Bolivar, 5 (1) . pectinata, Guérin-Méneville (g. PAisis), 6 (9) . Phisis (genus), Stál, 6 (1-14) . Phlugiola (renus), Karny, 3 (1) . Phlugis (genus), Stál, 2 (1-14). phyllocercus, Karny (g. Xiphidiopsis), x (4) . ORTHOPTERA Seite I4 picta, Carl (g. Yorkiella), 18 (1) . 5 Pilugis (genus), Walker, 2 (11) Piura (genus), Walker, 17 (12) zie 16 plantaris, Burmeister (g. Hexacentrus), 17 (13) . Pceecilomerus (genus), Karny, 19 (1). 15 pogonopoda, Montrouzier (g. Pisis), 6 (14) 5-7, IO E QV t Ov tn ^ E o d 9 Ov OY pusillus, Redtenbacher (g. Hexacentrus), 17 (9). quadrimaculata, Karny (g. Xiphidiopsis), 1 (16) rapax, Redtenbacher (g. P/tisis), 6 (7). redtenbacheri, Karny (g. P/ugiola), 3 (1). rubrosignata, Bolivar (g. PAisis), 6 (6) saga, Karny (g. Poecilomerus), 19 (1) sellata, Walker (g.Hexacentrus), 17 (12) simplex, Walker (g. Hexacentrus), 17 (12) . spinifera, Butler (g. PAisis), 6 (4) spinipes, Fabricius (g. PAlugis), 2 (2). spinosa, Karny (g. Monocerophora), 11 (2 stáli, Krausze (g. Hexacentrus), 17 (16) straminula, Walker (g. XipAhidiofs:s), x (5) Tedla (genus), Walker, 17 (12) tener, Stàl (g. Phlugis), 2 (2) . teres, De Geer (g. Phlugis), 2 (10) . teres, Walker (g. PAhlugis), 2 (71). : Teuthras (genus), Stál, 6(1-3,5-7, 12, 13). . Teuthroides í(renus), Bolivar, 4 (1) teuthroides, Bolivar (g. Xiphidiopsis), 1 (11). Thysdrus (genus). Stál, 2 (1-4, 6-8, 12) truncatus, Bolivar (g. Parateuthras), 5 (1) unicolor, Serville (g. Hexacentrus), 17 (13) virens, Thunberz (sg. PAlugis), 2 (5) viridis, Perty (g. Cerberodon), 10 (1) visenda, Bolivar (g. Decolya), 8 (1). Xiphidiopsis (venus), Redtenbacher, 1 (1-16) Xyphidiopsis (genus), Bolivar, 1 (1, 2) Yorkiella (renus), Carl, 18 (1) OO OW OX SL OI SI II IO -^ La] OÓ Ls La] (DO STI U e) [UM n OQ Uu A QV Ui -R oto MN ES! wo 00 Hn Un RC ON FAM. LOCUSTID/E 19 ERKLARUNG DER TAFELN "TAFEL I . Xiphidiopsis forficata, Bolivar, C, Hinterleibsende (nach Bolivar). — fallax, Redtenbacher, Q (nach Redtenbacher). — quadrimaculata, Karny, Q Typus (Coll. Karny; A. Baliani del. et pinx.). Phlugis virens, Thunberg, C (Coll. Karny; A. Baliani del. et pinx.). — abnormis, Redtenbacher, cf, Hinterleibsende (nach Redtenbacher). Phlugiola redtenbacheri, Karny, Q (nach Karny). Teuthroides mimeticus, Bolivar, Q, Typus (Mus. Budapest; Karny del.). — — — cf, Hinterleibsende (Mus. Budapest; Karny del.). — — — . gf, Vorder- und Hinterflügel (Mus. Budapest; Karny del.). Pavateuthras truncatus, Bolivar, Q, Typus (Mus. Budapest). — — — . Q, Kopf und Pronotum (Mus. Budapest). . Phisis echinata, Redtenbacher, Q (nach Redtenbacher). — carminator, Bolivar, Q (Mus. Genova; A. Baliani del. et pinx.). — jettinata, Guérin, cf, Hinterleibsende (nach Redtenbacher). — aculibenuis, Carl, Q , Basis der vorderen Tibia (nach Carl). . Axylus castaneus, Stàl, Q, Typus (Mus. Stockholm; A. Ekblom del. et pinx.). 'TAFEL 2 . Decolya visenda, Bolivar, Q (nach Bolivar). — — — . gf, Pronotum und Elytren (nach Bolivar). — — — . gf, Hinterleibsende (nach Bolivar). IKniegegend (nach Bolivar). Lifotactes alienus, Brunner von Wattenwyl, Q (nach Brunner von Wattenwyl — Redtenbacher). -— - — 9, Brust (nach Brunner von Wattenwyl — Redten- bacher). . Cerberodon viridis, Perty, Q (Coll. Karny; A. Baliani del. et pinx.). Monocerophora longispina, Burmeister, Q (Mus. Caes. Vindob.; A. Baliani del. et pinx.). — E -— Q (nach Redtenbacher). . Listvoscelis cavinata, Karny, Q (Coll. Karny ; A. Baliani del. et pinx.). . Carliella mandibularis, Karny, cf, Typus (Coll. Karny ; A. Baliani del. et pinx.). 'TArEL 3 Avachnoscelis arachnoides, Redtenbacher, cf, T'ypus (Mus. Cas. Vindob.; A. Baliani del. et pinx.). — — (?), — Q (Mus. Torino; A. Baliani del et pinx.). Pavalistvoscelis listrosceloides, Karny, cf, Typus (Mus. Cas. Vindob.; A. Baliani del. et pinx.). — — — gf, Hinterleibsende (nach Carl). Parahexacentrus paradoxus, Karny, Q, Typus (Mus. Caes. Vindob.; A. Baliani del. et pinx.). ORTHOPTERA 20 Fig. 6. Hexacentrus fruhstorferi, Dohrn, Typus von H. circumscriptus, Karny (Mus. Cas. Vindob.; A. Baliani, del. et pinx.). — 7. Hexacentrus munda, Walker, cf (nach Redtenbacher). — 8. Yorkiella pica, Carl, cf (nach Carl). — 9. Poecilomerus saga, Karny, Q, Typus (Mus. Cas. Vindob.; A. Baliani del. et pinx.). — IO. — — — . 9 (nach Carl). Elbogen (Bóhmen), 15. November rgrr. GENERA INSECTORUM ORTHOPTERA ES c ES he NOV r9 quem v Aiphidzopsis fallax, Fedtenbacher i] Ss.an I1 DAI Phisis acutipennis , Carl - : Parateu£hras (runcatus, Bolivar Phiugiola. redtenbacheri,Karny Xiphidiopsis quadrimaculata,Karny- bi UN i Parateuthras truncatus, Bolivar S Teuthroides Tnirmeticus, Bolivar ? Teufhroides ruimeticus, Bolivar D Teuthroides mimeticus, Bohvar 76 Plusis echnata., Hedtenbacher Axylus castaneus , SAL FAM. LOCUSTIDAX, SUBFAM. LISTROSCELINAX. GENERA INSECTORUM f M ORTHOPTERA w nm | Decolya., visenda., Bolivar Cerberodon. viridis, Ferty " 7 : N X X X * C [ ; Ex EIS I JU Vg Decolya. visenda., Bolivar z N BN !) N Y l | NM onocerophara. longispina , Burmeister Decolya. visenda., Bolivar Litpo. Brun Garliella. mandteularis, Karny FAM. LOCUSTIDAX, SUBFAM. LISTROSCELINAX. GENERA INSECTORUM ORTHOPTERA -— -— Arachnoscelis arachnotdes, Bedlenbacher Arachnoscelis arachnoides Redtenbacker. Hexacentirus munda,Walker Paralistroscelts listrosceloides ,Karny Yorlüella. picta, Carl A c Paecilomerus saqa , Ka rny Jlexacentrus. (Pulstortert ,Dohrr FAM. LOCUSTIDA, SUBFAM. LISTROSCELINAX. 5 LEPIDOPTERA FAM. MICROPTERYGID/E LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA FAM. MICROPTERYGID/E by E. MEYRICK WITH I COLOURED PLATE General Characters. — Head more or less rough-haired; ocelli present. Maxillary palpi developed, usually folded. Posterior tibi with four spurs. Forewings with an oblique membranous dorsal process (jugum) near base, forming with the dorsal margin a notch or sinus which receives the costa of hindwings. Hindwings without frenulum, rc present, with ten or more veins, neuration essentially almost or quite identical with that of forewings. This family and the Hejialidae constitute together the most primitive group of the Lefidoftera ( Micropterygina), distinguished from all others by the possession of the jugum for interlocking the wings in flight, and by the existence of additional veins in the hindwings which make the neuration practically identical with that of the forewings. The two families agree also in having the forewings and hindwings more than usually remote at their base, in a tendency to a rather peculiar semi-oval form of wing, with the termen and dorsum forming a nearly uniform curve, and in type of markings of forewings, which is an irregular marbling or reticulation, tending to form transverse fascie. The Microfterygidae differ from the Hefialidae in the possession of maxillary palpi and tibial spurs, absent in the Hefialidae ; they are also of much smaller size, this being no doubt primarily due to the difference in larval habits. The possession of additional veins, which could not have originated by modification of existing characters and are therefore primitive, proves the Microfterygina to be earlier than any other group of the Lepidoptera, and on similar considerations the Microfterygidae are earlier in origin than the Hefialidae. Further, the more complex (and therefore earlier) genera of Micropterygidae (as Sabatinca) present in their scheme of neuration and other essential characters a close resemblance to certain forms of Tvichoplera (especially the genus Zyacophila), whilst no other insects of any Order at all nearly approach this type, and this may be taken as conclusive evidence that the Micropterygidae originated from the Tvichoptera (which taken as a whole is a more primitive group with originally much more complicated neuration). and are therefore the ancestral group from which the whole of the Lepidoptera have been L.EPIDOPTERA FIUVETEROCEBA derived. It may be added that from nearly the same point rise the Psychodidae, which are the ancestral family of the Diptera. Extraordinary interest therefore attaches to the group in the evolutional history of insects, and it is very desirable that collectors in little-worked regions should look out for additional connecting forms. I am of opinion that damp places or maigins of brooks in forests of conifers at high elevations in early spring are likely to produce such forms; the Himalaya mountains are a probable locality for interesting discoveries, as also any anciently-isolated permanent land-area, such as New Zealand, but it is remarkable that the family does not appear to be represented in the aboriginal Australian fauna. 'These insects are difficult of observation and likely to be overlooked, and it is probable that those at present known give a very incomplete representation even of existing forms; hence it is unsafe to generalise much from their distribution. But it is apparent that the family is characteristic of temperate regions; and their known foodplants are still more so. As the family is shown to have antedated the Lepidoptera and. Diftera generally. it must have been in existence earlier than the Jurassic period ; and as the imagos of the most primitive known forms are pollen-feeders, and their larvae feed on mosses ( Musei), they might have existed as far back as the Carboniferous, but this is improbable. This remoteness of origin in time makes their place of origin still more dubious; but it must have been in approximate communication with New Zealand, and an Antarctic continent seems the most likely suggestion, and would apparently fulfil the necessary conditions. Ovum in Eriocranianae rounded-cylindrical, placed in a pocket cut within the substance of the leaf by a serrated lancet-like implement in the abdomen of the Q ; in Microfteryx spherical, studded with minute erect rods. Larva in Eriocranianae apodal, head small, segments 2-4 broad, with minute protusible subdorsal and supraventral papilla, 5 with lateral projections, thence tapering posteriorly ; in Microfteryx stout, with legs on segments 2-4, hooked prolegs on 5-12, and a trilobed anal sucker beneath, eight rows of subglobose tubercular processes, paired on four longitudinal ridges, antennce well-developed, four- jointed. Pupa with all segments free, subterranean or in a cocoon amongst refuse. Imago of small size, forewings ovate-lanceolate with bronzy-golden and purple colouring, flying in the sunshine, often almost invisible when on the wing. There can be no question that the Micropteryginae are the most ancestral group, almost all details of structure being in their primitive condition, but apparently the existence of a more ancient similar type with two spurs on the middle tibiz is indicated. The radical modification of the mouth- parts which marks the passage to the Errocranianae has seemed to some authors so important that they have desired to separate those two groups as distinct families, orders, or even subclasses; to me, on the contrary, the case appears a good instance of the small systematic value which is sometimes attributable to purely biological changes of structure. Intermediate forms must once have existed, and may possibly be found to exist still. The Maesarchaeinae have undergone so much further change that, if the hindwings were removed and the jugum not observed, they differ in no essential particular from typical Plutellidae. KEY TO THE GENERA 1 Madalettbvae auth atleast; one Spur Re M T C — Middle tibiae without sbuys. «3 S UMS ES TUEMERR CI MT MM. 2. Middle tibiae with two apical spurs 2. 2. . . . I. Genus MNESARCHzA, Meyrick. — Middle tibiae wil one apical spur 7 SAT TSTISCTTTCTCTP 0 Si Eroxewtings Vi: vet OT0F PI OVRDSCA D n E NM NET M MN — Forewings with veius g and ro present ....— . 4... . . .. 4. Genus MNEMONICA, nov. gen 4. Forewings with 9 out of 7, ro absent... S sms 2: Genus. NEOPSEUSRIS] Meyrick. FAM. MICROPTERYGIDZE 3 — Forvewings with 9 absent, ro separate... . . .« «4 « . 3. Genus EnrocRANIA, Zeller. 5. Vein rr of forexings with long posterior branch — Vein zr of forewings without branch 6. Forewings with veins 7 and 8 stalked. . . . . . . . . . 8.Genus SaBATINCA, Walker. — Forewings with veins 7 and 8 separate... . . . . . . 7. Genus MICROPARDALIS, nov. gen. 7. Forewings with veins 7 and & stalked 5. Genus EPruanTvRIA, Walsingham. — Forewings with veins 7 and 8 separate . 2... . 6. Genus MrcgoperEnyx, Hübner. Il. SUBFAM. MNESARCHZAEINZE Characters. — No mandibles. Tongue short. Labial palpi well-developed. Middle tibiz with two apical spurs. Il. GeNus MNESARCHZAEA, MEYRICK Mnesarchaea. Meyrick, Trans. New Zeal. Inst. p. 180 (1885). — Type : M. faracosma, Meyrick. Characters. — Head loosely haired, sides of crown rough. Antennze three-fourths, rather stout, filiform. Labial palpi moderately long, straight, porrected, clothed with dense scales forming a rough terminal brush. Maxillary palpi short, terminating in a loose porrected brush of long scales. Middle tibize with median and apical whorls of spines, and two apical spurs: posterior tibize thinly clothed with long hairs or bristles above, with spurs placed in whorls of spines. Forewings with rb simple, 2 from angle, 6 out of 8 or separate, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to termen, 9 and ro from posterior third of cell, rr absent. Hindwings under 1, acute-lanceolate, cilia rather over 1; neuration as in forewings, but 6 alwavs separate. Geographical distribution of species. — This most curious and interesting genus is only known from New Zealand. It occupies an intermediate position between the typical M7crofterygtdae on the one hand. and the Plutellidae and. Tineidae on the other, and undoubtedly indicates the true line of transition ; but the absence of vein rx in the forewings shows that it is not actually on the direct line, but on a short offshoot with some special modification. 1. M. paracosma, Meyrick, Trans. New Zeal. Inst. p. 180 (1885). — Plate, New Zealand. Eigm9r 2. M. loxoscia, Meyrick, ibidem. p. 9o (1887). New Zealand. 3. M. hamadelhha. Meyrick, ibidem, p. 91 (1887). .— Plate, Fig. 5. New Zealand. 2. SUBFAM. ERIOCRANIANZ/E Characters. — No mandibles. Tongue short. Labial palpi well-developed. Middle tibie with one apical spur. 2. GENUS NEOPSEUSTIS, MEYRICK Neopseustis, Mevrick, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 19, p. 436 (1909). — Type : N. calliglauca, Meyrick. Characters. — lead with short loose hairs. Antenne three-fourths, filiform. Labial palpi moderate, porrected, filiform, with appressed scales. Maxillary palpi long, severaljointed, filiform, 4 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA folded. Middle tibize with one apical spur; posterior tibiz with appressed scales, spurs short. Forewings clothed with hairs. but with scattered scales on anterior half, ir connected with lower margin of cell by bar towards base, 1c weak, appearing to rise from upper end of this bar, parting-vein connected with lower margin of cell by bar towards base, 2 and 3 stalked from angle of cell, 4 rising from parting-vein (which itself forms cell-wall for a considerable distance). 5 and 6 stalked, 7 to apex, 8 and 9 out of 7, 10 absent, 11 from rather beyond middle of cell, 12 connected with costa by bar in middle. Hindwings more rounded than forewings posteriorly, clothed with hairs; ib connected with rc by bar near base, posterior cell-wall normal in form, 2 remote, 3 from angle, 5 and 6 stalked, 8 and 9 out of 7, 1o absent, 11 from two-thirds of cell, 12 simple. Geographical distribution of species. — At present represented by a single Indian species from the Khasi Hills. 1. N. calliglauca, Meyrick, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 19, p. 436. India (1909). — Plate, F ig. Il. 3. GENUS ERIOCRANIA, ZELLER Eriocrania. Zeller, Linn. Ent. Vol. 5, p. 338 (1851). — Type : E. semipurpurella, Stephens. Characters. — Head with loose rough hairs. Antenne about one-half, filiform. Labial palpi moderate, porrected, hairy beneath. Maxillary palpi long, several-jointed, filiform. folded. Middle tibiae with one apical spur; posterior tibize thinly hairy above. Forewings with ra running into i^, forming long basal furcation, 1c well defined, connected with lower margin of cell by bar near base, 2 and 3 approximated, forked parting-vein well-defined, rising out of lower margin of cell near base, terminating in 4 and 5, between which transverse vein is absent, no secondary cell, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to apex, 9 absent, r1 from before middle without additional branch, r2 without branch. Hindwings under r, ovate-lanceolate, cilia three-fourths; neuration as in forewings, but ra out of 15 near base, diverging. 16 connected with rc by bar near base, 2 and 3 remote. Geographical distribution of species. — Confined to the palearctic region; the species are similar, difficult of observation, and very liable to be overlooked, appearing in earlv spring. All the known larvae: mine blotches in leaves of Beftulaceae. I. E. Sangii, Wood, Ent. Monthly Mag. Vol. 27. p. 100 (1891). C. Europe. 2. E. semipurpurella, Stephens, Illustr. Brit. Ent. Vol. 4, p. 359 (1835). — Europe. Plate, Fig. IO. auropulverella, Eversmann, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, p. 565 (1842). amentella, Zeller, Stett. Ent. Zeit. p. 63 (1850). inconspicuella, Wood, Ent. Monthly Mag. Vol. 26, p. 3 (1590). 3. E. fimbriata, Walsingham, ibidem, Vol. 36, p. 106 (1900). W.C. Europe. 4. E. Kallenbachii, Stainton, ibidem, Vol. 26, p. 31 (1890). C. Europe. 5. E. chrysolepidella, Zeller, Linn. Ent. Vol. 5, p. 342 (1851). C. Europe. 6. E. argyrolepidella, Bornich, Jahresb. Nassau. Ver. Vol. 57, p. 43 (1904). C. Europe. . E. purpurella, Haworth, Lep. Brit. p. 571 (1829). C. Europe. violacella, Herrich-Scháffer, Schmett. Eur. Micropt. f. 9 (1855). caledoniella, Grifhth, Ent. Monthly Mae. Vol. 27, p. 300 (180r). -I 8. E. salopiella, Staimton, Ins. Brit. p. 44 (1854). W.C. Europe. 9. E. sparmannella, Bosc, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. p. 197, pl. 17, f. 6, 7; N. and C. Europe. (1791). — Plate, Fig. 7. auropurpurella, Haworth, Lep. Brit. p. 572 (1829). cicatricella, Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. p. 1005 (1840). FAM. MICROPTERYGID/ZE 5 4. GENUS MNEMONICA, NOV. GEN. Type : M. subpurpurella, KTaworth. Characters. — Head with long rough hairs. Antennz from one-half to three-fifths, filiform. Labial palpi moderate, porrected, hairy beneath. Maxillary palpi long, several-jointed, with appressed scales, folded. Middle tibiade with one apical spur; posterior tibize thinly hairy above. Forewings with ra running into 15, forming long basal furcation, 1c well-defined, 'connected with lower margin of cell by bar near base, 2 and 3 approximated or stalked, forked parting-vein well-defined, rising out of lower margin of cell near base, termingting in 4 and 5. between which transverse vein is absent, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to apex, 9g sometimes out o£ 7, secondary cell more or less defined, 11 from before middle, with an additional branch (114j above middle to costa, 12 often with short additional branch (13) from near apex to costa. Hindwings under t, ovate-lanceolate, cilia three-fourths ; neuration as in forewings, but ra out 1$ near. base, diverging, 10 connected with 1c by bar near base, 2 and 3 remote, 9 absent, I3 absent. Geographical distribution of species. — Confined to Northern temperate regions. The larvae mine blotches in leaves of Cupuliferae and Betulaceae. 1. M. unimaculella, Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. p. 1008 (1840). N. and C. Europe. 2. M. luteiceps, Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus. Vol. 28, p. 494 (1863). N. America. 3. M. cyanosparsella, Williams, Ent. News, Philad.Vol. r9, p. 14, pl. 2(1908). N. America. 4. M. auricyanea, Walsingham, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 10, p. 204 N. America. (1882). 5. M. aurosparsella, Walsingham, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 85, pl. rr, N. America. f. 12 (1880). 6. M. griseocapilella, Nalsingham, Ent. Record, p. 162 (1898). N. America 7. M. fastuosella, Zeller, Isis, p. 185 (1839). C. Europe. ? donzelellus, Duponchel, Hist. Nat. Lep. Vol. 11, p. 408, pl. 302, f. 12 (1838). 8. M. subburpurella, Haworth, Lep. Brit. p. 571 (1829). — Plate, Fig. 8. — Europe. 3. SUBFAM. MICROPTERYGINAZE Characters. — Mandibles developed. No tongue. Labial palpi rudimentary or obsolete. Middle ibie with apical group of bristles, without spurs. 5. GENUS EPIMARTYRIA, WALSINGHAM Epimartyria. Walsingham, Ent. Record, Vol. to, p. 16r (1898). — Type: F. pardella, Nalsingham. Characters. — llead with rough hairs. Antennze three-fifths, moniliform. Labial palpi obsolete. Maxillary palpi long, several-jointed, with appressed scales. folded. Posterior tibie not hairy. Fore- wings with ra running into r5, forming long basal furcation, 1€ well-de&üned, connected with lower margin of cell and 16 by bars near base, 2 and 3 short-stalked, forked parting-vein well defined, rising out of lower margin of cell near base. terminating in 4 and 5, between which transverse vein is absent, secondarv cell defined, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to apex, 11 from one-third of cell. connected by bar with 12, 12 giving rise to an additional branch (13) above in middle. Hindwings under r, elongate-ovate; neuration as in forewings. but ra out of 16 near base, diverging, r1 absent, 12 without additional branch. [9 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERAX Geographical distribution of species. — A development of Micropíeryy, representing it in North America. 1. E. pardella, Walsingham, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 83, pl. 11, f. 11 N. America. (1880). 2. E. auricrinella, Walsingham, Ent. Record, Vol. ro, p. 162 (1898). - N. America. 6. GeNuUs MICROPTERY X, HÜBNER Micropteryx. Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 426 (1826). — Type : M. aruncella, Scopoli. Eriocephala. Curtis, Brit. Ent. Vol. 16 (1839). — Type : M. calthella, Linnzeus. Characters. — Head with dense rough hairs. Antenne two-thirds to nearly 1, submoniliform, basal joint short. Labial palpi obsolete. Maxillary palpi long, several:jointed, folded. Posterior tibiz with spurs placed in groups of spines. Forewings with ra running into 12, forming long basal furcation, ic well-defined, connected with lower margin of cell by bar near base, 2 and 3 approximated, forked parting-vein well-defined, rising out of lower margin of cell near base, terminating in 4 and 5, between which transverse vein is absent, secondary cell defined, 7 separate, to costa, 11 from one-third of cell, sometimes connected by bar with 12, r2 giving rise to an additional branch (13) above in middle. Hind- wings under 1, ovate-lanceolate, cilia 1; neuration as in forewings, but ra out of 1b near base, diverging, 2 and 3 remote, r2 without additional branch. Geographical distribution of species. — The largest genus of the group, but apparently confined to the Palcarctic region. The known larvze feed in wet moss (Hyfnum). The imagos frequent blossoms (Carex etc.), feeding on pollen. r. M. thunbergella, Fabricius, Mant. Ins. Vol. 2. p. 253 (1787). — Plate, N.and C. Europe Fig. 6. anderschella, Hübner, Samml. Eur. Schmett. f. 352 (1827). rubrifasciella, Haworth, Lep. Brit. f. 572 (1829). hellwigella, Wood, Ind. Ent. p. 1597 (1839.. depictella, Herrich-Scháffer, Schmett. I:ur. Micropt. f. 7 (1855). 2. M. completella, Staudinger. Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. p. 289 (1870). S. Europe. 3. M. maschukella, AApheraky, T'rud. Russk. Ent.Obsch.Vol.1o, p.52(1870). "W.-C. Asia. 4. M. mansuetella, Zeller. Linn. Ent. Vol, 5, p. 337 (1851). Europe. 5. M. aureoviridella, Hófner, Soc. Ent. Zürich, Vol. 13, p. 73 (1898). C. Europe. 6. M. aureatella, Scopoli, Ent. Carn. no. 662 (1763). Europe. allionella, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Vol. 3 (2). p. 148 (1794,. ammanella, Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. p. 1008 (1840). . M. ammanella, Hübner, Samml. Eur. Schmett. f. 288 (1827). C. and S. Europe. anderschella, Herrich-Scháffer, Schmett. Eur. Micropt. f. 4 (1855). facetella, Zeller, Linn. Ent. Vol. 5, p. 361 (1851). 8. M. cyaneochrysa, WNalsingham, Ent. Monthly Mag. Vol.43, p. 154 (1907). N 9. M. Rothenbachii, Frey, Tin. Schweiz. p. 52 (1856). C. Europe. 1o. M. Wockei, Staudinger, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 7, p. 23r, pl. 3, S. Europe. 15 5 (T570)- 1I. M. rablensis, Zeller, Stett. Ent. Zeit. p. 133 (1868). C. Europe. 12. M. paykullella, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Vol. 3 (2), p. 340 (1794). C. and S. Europe. sicanella, Zeller, Stett. Ent. Zeit. p. 63 (1850). 13. M. pistaciella, Krone, Wien. Jahrb. Ent. Ver. Vol. 18, p. r19 (1908). S. E. Europe. 14. M. jacobella, Walsingham, Ent. Monthly Mag. Vol. 37, p. 238 (1901). — N. Africa. imperfectella. Herrich-Scháffer, Neue Schmett. p. 10, f. 113 (1861). 15. M. imperfectella, Staudinger, Stett. Ent. Zeit. p. 236 (1859). S. Europe. 16. M. kardamylensis, Rebel, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. Vol. 48, p. 248 (1903). S. Europe. 17. M. idae, Rebel, ibidem, Vol. 47, p. r10 (1902). S. Europe. - . Africa. FAM. MICROPTERYGIDZE 7 18. M. elegans, Stainton, Tin. Syr. p. 42 (1867). S. W. Asia. 19. M; myrtelella, Zeller, Stett. Ent. Zeit. p. 62 (1850). S. Europe. 20. M. algeriella. Ragonot, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 107 (1889). N. Africa. 21. M. aglaella, Duponchel, Hist. Nat. Lép. Vol. 11, pl. 312, f. 14 (1838). S. Europe. 22. M. berylella, Joannis, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 183 (1886). S. W. Asia. 23. M. atricapilla, Wocke, Ent. Zeitschr. Breslau, p. 52 (1877). C. Europe. 24. M. aruncella, Scopoli, Ent. Carn. No. 660 (1763). Europe. seppella, Fabricius, Gen. Ins. Vol. 1, p. 296 (1777). podevinclla, Duponchel, Hist. Nat. Lép. Vol. 11, pl. 302, f. 5 (1838). eximiella, Zeller, Stett. Ent. Zeit. p. 62 (1850). 25. M. amasiella, Staudinger, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 15, p. 421 (1880). Asia Minor. 26. M. isobasella, Staudinger, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. p. 289 (1870). S. Europe, N. Africa. 27. M. calthella, Linnaeus, Fauna Suec. no. 1432 (176r). Europe. 7T. GENUS MICROPARDALIS, NOV. GEN. Characters. — Head with dense rough hairs. Antennz one-half, basal joint with dense anterior tuft of hairs. Labial palpi extremely short, rudimentary. Maxillary palpi long, several-jointed, folded, loosely scaled. Posterior tibize with spurs placed in groups of spines. Forewings with ra and 1? simple, separate, not coinciding posteriorly, 1a well-defined, 2 and 3 separate, forked parting-vein well-defined, terminating in 4 and 5, between which transverse vein is absent, 7 and 8 separate, 7 to termen, secondary cell well-defined, r1 from one-third of cell, with long additional posterior branch (rra), and connected with r2 by bar, r2 giving rise to an additional vein (13) above in middle and another short one (14) near base. Hindwings rather under r. ovate-lanceolate, cilia three-fourths; neuration as in forewings, but rr from middle of cell, r1 and 12 without additional branches. (There may be additional bars between veins at base, but these are not clearly discernible on the unique type.) Geographical distribution of species. — Based on a single New Zealand species, allied to the following genus, but superficially and structurally distinct. 1. M. doroxena, Meyrick, Trans New Zeal. Inst. p. 92 (1887).— Plate, Fig. 2. New Zealand. 8. GENUs SABATINCA, WALKER Sabatinca. Walker, Cat. Brit, Mus. Vol. 38, p 311 (1863). — Type : S. incongruella, Walker. Palaeomicra, Meyrick, Trans. New Zeal. Inst. p. 180 (1885). — Type : 5. chrysargyra, Meyrick. Characters. — Head with long rough hairs. Antenne two-thirds, basal joint with dense anterior tuft of hairs. Labial palpi extremely short, rudimentary. Maxillary palpi long, several-jointed, folded, loosely scaled. Posterior tibie with spurs placed in groups of spines. Forewings with ra running into rb, forming long basal furcation, 14 sometimes again basally furcate, rc well-defined, connected with lower margin of cell by bar near base, 2 and 3 nearly connate, forked parting-vein well-defined, rising out of lower margin of cell near base, terminating in 4 and 5, between which transverse vein is absent, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to termen, secondary cell well-defined, 11 from one-third of cell, with long additional branch (11a) and connected with r2 by bar, r2 sometimes connected with upper margin of cell at base, giving rise to an additional vein (13) above in middle, and another short one (14) near base. Hindwings rather under r, ovate-lanceolate, cilia three-fourths, neuration as in forewings except as follows; 1c rising out of upper fork of 15, not connected with cell, 2 and 3 remote, r: from middle of cell, bar between r1 and r2 sometimes obsolete, r1 and r2 without additional branches. 8 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Geographical distribution of species. — A primitive form of much interest, characteristic of New Zealand: the single Australian species must be considered of New Zealand origin, and indicative of the communication (doubtless incomplete) formerly subsisting between Queensland and New Zealand by way of Norfolk Island. I. S. calliblaca, Meyrick, Ent. Monthly Mag. Vol. 38. p. 60 (1902). E. Australia. . S. zonodoxa, Meyrick, Trans. New Zeal. Inst. p. 9g1 (1887). — Plate, Fig. 3. New Zealand. . S. chrysargyra, Meyrick, ibidem, p. 182 (1885). — Plate, Fig. ll. New Zealand. ToU nx Figs. 4, 12. . S. incongruella, Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus. Vol. 28, p. 5rr (1863). — Plate, chalcophanes, Meyrick, Trans. New Zeal. Inst. p. 182 (1885). Pages INDEX (The names in :;/alics are synonyms) New Zealand. Pages Pages aglaella, Dup. 7 doroxena, Meyr. 7 M nesarchsaea (genus), Meyr. 3 algeriella, Rag. 7 myrtetella, Zell. J allionella, Fabr. 6 elegans, Staint. 7 amasiella, Staud. 7 Epimartyria (venus), Wals. 5 Neopseustis penus), Meyr. 3 amentella, Zell. 4 Eriocephala (genus), Curt. 6 ammanella, Hübn. 6 Eriocrania /venus), Zell. 4 Palaeomicra (genus), Meyr. 7 ammanella, Zett. 6 eximiella, Zell. 7 paracosma, Meyr. 3 anderschella, Herr.-Sch. 6 pardella, Wals. 3 anderschella, Hübn. 6 facetella, Zell. 6 paykullella, Fabr. 6 argyrolepidella, Born. 4 fastuosella, Zell. 5 pistaciella, Krone 6 aruncella, Scop. 7 fimbriata, Wals. 4 podevinella, Dup. 7 atricapilla, Wocke 7i purpurella, Haw. 4 aureatella, Scop. 6 'griseocapitella, Wals. 5 aureoviridella, Hófn. 6 rablensis, Zell. 6 auricrinella, Wals. 6 hamadelpha, Meyr. 3 Rothenbachii, Frey '6 auricyanea, Wals. 5 hellwigella, Wood 6 vubrifasciella, Haw. 6 auropulverella, Ev. 4 auropurpurella, Haw. 4 idae, Reb. 6 Sabatinca (venus), Walk. 6 aurosparsella, Wals. 5 imperfectella, Herr.-Sch. 6 salopiella, Staint. n imperfectella, Staud 6 Sangii, Wood 4 berytella, Joann. 7 incongruella, Walk. 8 semipurpurella, Steph. 4 inconspicuella, N ood 4 seppella, Fabr. 7 caledoniella, Griff. 4 isobasella, Staud. 7 sicanella, Zell. 6 calliglauca, Meyr. 4 sparmannella, Bosc u calliplaca, Meyr. 8 jacobella, Wals. 6 subpurpurella, Haw. 5 calthella, Linn. 7] chalcophanes, Meyr. 8 Kaltenbachii, Staint. 4 thunbergella, Fabr. 6 chrvsargyra, Meyr. 8 kardamylensis, Reb. 6 chrysolepidella, Zell. 4 unimaculella, Zett. 5 cicatricella, Zett. 4 loxoscia, Meyr. 3 completella, Staud. 6 luteiceps, Walk. 5 violacella, Herr.-Sch. 4 cyaneochrysa, Wals. 6 cyaneosparsella, Will. 5 mansuetella, Zell. 6 Wockei, Staud. 6 maschukella, Alph. 6 depictella, Herr.-Sch. 6 Micropteryx (genus) Hübn. 6 zonodoxa, Meyr. 8 donzelellus, Dup 5 M nemonica (genus), Meyr. 5 FAM. MICROPTERYGIDZE EXPLANATION OF PLATE . Neofseustis calliglauca, Meyrick. A Fig. . Micropardalis doroxena, Meynick. . Sabatinca zonodoxa, Meyrick. . Sabatinca incongruella, Walker. . Mnesarchaea hamadelpha, Meyrick. . Microfteryx thunbergella, Fabricius. . Evriocrania sparmannella, Bosc. . Mnemonica subpurpurella, Haworth. . Neuration of Mazesarchaea paracosma, Meyrick. O «O0 oo -1 OQ Un- Co NM — — Eviocrania semipurpurella, Stephens. — II. — — Sabatinca chrysargyra, Meyrick. — I2. — — Sabatinca incongruella, Walker — 13. — — a Trichopteron, R/yacofAila tristis, Pictet (after MacLachlan). Marlborough (England) r5th January 1912. GENERA INSECTORUM LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA AMnesarchaea. hamadelpha. Mevr. 15 cd m ———————— Micropteryx thunbergella. Fabr: (»iiddle tibia. ) Kriocrania semupurpurella. Steph. [middle tibia) Mnesarchaea. paracosmu. Meyr. f/rruddle tibia.) — / i Kriocrania. sparmannella. Bosc. Jiriocrania semipurpurella. Steph. (posterior tibia.) 18 Sabatinca. incongruella. Walk. o me SS Fhyacophila. tristis. Pict, NS ES (Trichoptera ) ] SS -Micrapteryx: Uuinbergella. Fabr, (postertor. tla " 11 9 70 ! RIDIDURGU U : » - — » QW —X e a E - Z Maiuesarcturea. paracosma. Meyr: Ertocranéa. semipurpurella. Steph. Sabatinea. chrysanqyra. Merr. " FAM. MICROPTERYGIDJX. LEPIDOPTERA FAM. ADELID/E LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA (TINE.£) FAM. ADELID/E by E. MEYRICK WITH I COLOURED PLATE General Characters. — Head rough-haired on crown; ocelli absent; tongue well-developed ; eyes often enlarged in cf. Antennae 1-4, in c usually twice as long as forewings or more, in Q shorter. Labial palpi moderately long to very short, porrected or subascending, slender, pointed, often very hairy. Maxillary palpi five-jointed or three-jointed or rudimentary, porrected or folded. Posterior tibiae usually with long hairs in c, appressed scales in Q. Forewings elongate or subovate; 16 moderately furcate at base, rc developed, 2 from angle of cell, 7; usually to costa, r1 from rather before middle, secondary cell more or less developed. Hindwings r or rarely more, elongate-ovate, cilia one-half to three-fourths; ta and rc developed, ra often anastomosing with 1» to from a basal furcation, 3 and 4 usually separate, often 5 and 6 or 6 and 7 stalked. 'This family is constituted by a line of development originating from a simple form of T'neidae, such as Eriocotis; the characteristic distinguishing feature lies in the unusually long and fine antennz, which in normal cy c of this family are like those of no other Lefidoftera, but recall those of the Tricho- pterous family Lefíoceridae; in a. few of the most primitive species of Adela, and in the Q sex more generally, the peculiarity is less marked or little obvious, but this approximation of character at the point of origin does not in my judgment at all vitiate the distinctness of the family, which remains a clear conception, best understood when treated separately. The family possesses a second unique characteristic in the remarkable enlargement of the eves in the cf of about half the genera and species, which is again not found in any other Lepidoptera, though a similar structure occurs in certain Diftera. "These combined peculiarities indicate a degree of specialisation which justifies family rank for this group. The character of the enlarged eyes has been previously used to delimit Nemotois and Adela, but I find it quite unsuitable; it occurs in every gradation, and in the case of undoubtedly closely allied 2 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA species is sometimes strongly marked in some species and wholly absent in others; it should therefore be regarded as specific only. The stalking of veins 7-9 of the forewings is also found to be unreliable, sometimes occurring variously not only in different individuals of the same species, but evenin opposite wings of the same specimen. The lines of demarcation now drawn are found to make the genera natural and homogeneous, both superficially and geographically. The phylogeny is by no means clear, but I suppose Adela to be the earliest form extant, origin- ating perhaps in Central Asia; Nemofois is a development of this, which became dominant in the Indo- Malayan region, and Ceromitia another arising from a single species of Adela which found its way into the African region; Nemophora would then bea European offshoot from Ceromitia. The existence in South America of Trichorrhabda, which must also be an offshoot of Ceromitia. might apparently be accounted for by tracing it back to the ancient connection between South America and South Africa. which is supposed to have been in the Jurassic period, but it seems very improbable that the origin of this genus should be so remote, and I think it more likely that a practicable route could be found in more recent times by way of the Antarctic region. This phylogeny implies that torms with well-developed maxillary palpi have been developed from forms without them, which appears to be contrary to the principle originally laid down by myself that organs reduced to a really rudimentary condition are not redeveloped; but, as suggested in my Handbook of British Lepidoptera. p. 707, the explanation is probably afforded by their persistence in the pupal stage. 'The resemblance of some species of the family in form and colouring of wing, and structure of head and antenna, to the Trichopterous family Leptoceridae is remarkable (some Indian species of Lefto- ceridae have brightly coloured wings with patterns very similar to those of Nemofois), but in the structure of wings and legs there is no approximation whatever, and I can only regard the similarity as due to similar causes; there does not seem any reason to suspect mimicry. The case is however a curious one, and deserves investigation. Larva elongate, cylindrical, with legs and prolegs on segments 7. 8, 9. 10 and 13 developed; at first mining in leaves or flowerheads, afterwards in a portable case on leaves, often fallen ones. Pupa with segments 7-11 and in c 12 free, protruded from cocoon in emergence. I record here 6 genera and 153 species. KEY TO THE GENEKA l2 1. Maxillary palpi developed — Maxtiulary palpirudunentarytor obsolete RU 2. Forewings with vein 7 to lermen ..— . i as . . . . I. Genus NEMorHOna, Hübner. ODIT DIDI AMONT SUNL S e s. o 8. 9 18V S TB. S IS 9 GB o9 vw. B o4 6 0 5 o 3: 3. Antennae in. C with very long fine ciliations . . Genus TuicHORRHABDA, Meyrick. l2 — Antennae in cy shortly ciliated . 3. Genus Crnouiria, Zeller. 4. Hindwimgs with 6 and 7 stalked 4. Genus NEMororis, Hübner. — Hindwings with 6 and 7 separate .. DEUM lu nil xv DCRSEN ITDUECIUL IRSE DOCS S Sic 5. Hindwings ith 3 and 4 connate — . : M e . . . . 5, Genus ZowNors, Turner. — Hindwings wilh 3 and 4 remote... . CUT Uer Genus ADEDSA, IPatreile: Il. GeNUs NEMOPHORA, HÜBNER Nemophora. Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 417 (1826). — Type : N. swammerdammella, Linngus. Nematopogon. Zeller, Isis, p. 185 (1839). — Type : N. schwarziella, Zeller. FAM. ADELIDZE 3 Characters. — Head rough on crown, face with appressed hairs. Antennz 2-3, in gf filiform, basal joint stout, without pecten. Labial palpi short. porrected, loosely scaled. Maxillary palpi long, five-jointed, filiform, folded. Posterior tibize with rough or appressed hairs. Forewings elongate; 2 and 3 sometimes stalked, 7 to termen, 8 and 9 usually stalked. Hindwings r, elongate-ovate, cilia two-thirds ; 5 and 6 approximated or stalked. Imago flying at dusk; hindwings more or less clothed with hairscales. Larva at first mining in leaves, afterwards feeding in a flat portable case of leaf-fragments. Foodplants promiscuous, various low plants and fallen leaves. Geographical distribution of species, — Palcarctic and Australian, but has not yet been found in the Indo-Malayan region; it would appear to be of Palcarctic origin, and may possibly have reached Australia by way of Japan and the Philippines without entering India. r. N. iolampra, Turner, Trans. Roy. Soc. 5. Australia p. 17 (1900). E, Australia. 2. N. leptosticta, l'uvner, ibidem, p. 16 (1900). E. Australia. 3. N. sabulosella, Walker, List Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. Vol. 28, p. 497 (1863). E. Australia. 4. N. stenochlora, nov. sp. 1). Meyrick. N. Africa. 5. N. dorsiguttella, Exschoff, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 7, p. 343 (1571). E. Siberia 6. N. minutella, Snellen, Tijdschr. v Ent. Vol. 27; p. 151, pl. 8. f. 1 (1884). E. Siberia. 7. N. caucasica, Rebel, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 54, p. 44 (1893). S.-E. Europe. 8. N. pilulella. Hübner, Samml. Europ. Schmett. f. 409 (1816). Europe. 9. N. pilella. Fabricius, Mant. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 256 (1787). Europe. magna, Zeller, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 39, p. 120 (1878). ^ 10. N., metaxella, Hübner, Samml. Europ. Schmett. f. 413 (1816). Europe. rr. N.. annulatella, Ragonot, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 66 (1876). S. Europe. pseudopilella, Peyerimhoff, Pet. Nouv. Ent. p. 101 (1877). 12. N. schwarziella, Zeller, Isis. p. 185 (1839). C.and S. Europe, N. Africa. 13. N.. sericinella, Zeller, ibidem, p. 816 (1847). S. Europe, 14. N. panzerella, Hübner, Samml. Europ. Schmett. f. 412 (1816). — Europe. Plate, Fig. 1 O. 15. N. reaumurella, Peyerimhoff, Pet. Nouv. Ent. p. 66 (1870). S. Europe. 16. N., swammerdammella , Linnzeus, Syst. Nat. Vol. 1, p.540 (1758). — Plate, C.and S.-E. Europe. Figs. ! 6a, b. 2. GENUS TRICHORRHABDA, NOV. GEN., MEYRICK Characters. — Differs from Ceromitia in having antenne in cf very strongly ciliated with long fine hairs ( Q unknown). Early stages unknown. Geographical distribution of species. — South American. 1. T. fasciolata, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 74 (1883). S. America. 3. GENUS CEROMITIA, ZELLER Ceromitia. Zeller, Lep. Micr. Caffr. p. 92 (1852). — Type : C. wahlbergt, Zeller. Agisana. Móschler, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 32, p. 3o8 (1883). — Type : C. turpis, Walker. 1) Nemophora stenochlora, nov. sp. — GO, 14-16 mm. Head yellow-ochreous, face whitish. Labial palpi very short, whitish. Antenn;e white. Thorax pale grey. Abdomen pale greyish-ochreous. Forewings elongate, narrow, slightly dilated posteriorly, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen obliquely rounded ; 2 and 3 sometimes stalked, 8 and 9 sometimes stalked ; glossy whitish grey-ochreous : cilia concolorous, Hindwings narrow ; 5 and 6 stalked; thinly scaled, subhyaline, pale grey; cilia pale ochreous-grey. Philippeville, Algeria, in April, three specimens. Specialiy charac- terised by the unusually narrow wings. in c shortly ciliated, basal joint stout, without pecten. Labial palpi from moderately long to extremely short, porrected or drooping. loosely scaled or roughly hairv. Maxillary palpi moderate, or rather short, three-jointed, porrected, loosely scaled. Posterior tibie with rough or appressed hairs. Forewings elongate; 7 to costa or apex, 8 and 9 sometimes stalked. Hindwings r, elongate-ovate, cilia about one-half; LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Characters. — Head rough on crown, face with appressed or rough hairs. Antenna about 3, 5 and 6 approximated or stalked. Allied to Nemophora; the reliable distinctive characters are the different termination of vein 7 of forewings, and the three-jointed maxillary palpi. Geographical distribution of species. — Confined to South Africa, where it is rather numerous. GROUP A 1. C. tyrochlora, Meyrick, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 756 (1906). 2. C. elongatella, Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 244, pl. 11, f. 13 (1881). 3. C. phyrsima, Mevrick, Ann. Trans. Mus. Vol. 2 (1912) (ined.). 4. C. sporaea, Meyrick, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 756 (1998). 5. C. amplichroa, Meyrick, ibidem, p. 755 (1908). 6. C. palyntis, Meyrick, ibidem, p. 755 (1908). — Plate, Fig. 8. 7. C. glandularis, Meyrick, ibidem, p. 756 (1908). 8. C. librofis, Meyrick, ibidem, p. 755 (1908). 9. C. crinigerella, Zeller, Linn. Ent. Vol. 5, p. 347 (1850). 16. C. alternipunctella, Walsingham. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 245, pl. 11, f. r4 (188r). 11. C. spilodesma, Meyrick, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 754 (1905). 12. C. stathmodes, Meyrick, ibidem, p. 754 (1908). 13. C. turpis, Walker, List Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. Vol. 28, p. 497 (lurfisella). — Plate, Figs. ! ba, b, c. caffrariella. Móschler, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 32, p. 308, pl. 16, f. 24 (1883). 14. C. Wakhlbergi, Zeller, Lep. Micr. Caffr. p. 92 (1852). — Plate, Fig. 6. GROUP B 15. C. trigoniferella, Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 246, pl. 1, f. 15 (1881). — Plate, Fig. 9. 16. C. cuncella, Walsingham, ibidem, p. 88, pl. 4, £. 25 (1891). 17. C. laureata, Meyrick, Ann. Trans. Mus. Vol. 2 (1912) (ined.). — Plate, Bip ui 18. C. natalensis, Stainton, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (2), Vol. 5. p. 221 (1860). albicornis, Walker, List Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. Vol. 28, p. 5o1 (1863). 4. GENUS NEMOTO!S, HÜBNER Nemotois, Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 416 (1826). — Type : Early stages unknown. yg Uu utu Uo» 0» Un (dp) ( wu 0 0» O0 0 0 . Africa. . Africa. . Africa. . Africa. "EArica- . Africa, Africa. . Africa. . Africa. . Africa. . Africa. : Africa. . Africa. . Africa. . Africa. . Africa. . Africa. AUAEnlGa, Africa: N. fasciella, Fabricius. Epityphia, Hübner, ibidem, p. 416 (1826). — Type : N. latreillella, Fabricius. Eutyphia, Hübner, ibidem, p. 416 (1826). — Type : N. degeerella, Linnaeus. Ucetia, Walker, List Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. Vol. 35, p. 1820 (1866). — Type : N.. bifasciella, Walker. FAM. ADELIDZE 5 Characters. — Head rough-haired on crown, face smooth or seldom hairy. Eyes in cf often enlarged. Antennz in cy about three to four, in Q one and a half or more, often thickened with rough scales towards base, basal joint stout, without pecten. Labial palpi moderately long to short, porrected or ascending, loosely scaled or with long rough hairs. Maxillary palpi obsolete. Posterior tibi in cf clothed with long fine hairs above, in Q with appressed lairs or scales. Forewings elongate or subovate; 7 to costa, seldom stalked with 8, 8 and 9g sometimes stalked. Hindwings r, elongate-ovate, cilia one-half to two-thirds; 6 and 7 stalked or rarely closely approximated. Imago flying in sunshine, frequenting flowers. Larva at first on flowerheads and seeds, afterwards in a flat portable case of leaf-fragments on leaves. Foodplants (known for eight species) Drfsacaceae (especially), Lab/atae, Gentianaceae, sometimes promiscuous low plants and fallen leaves. Geographical distribution of species, — Principally Indo-Malayan and Palwarctic, with a few species in Australia, two in South Africa, and one in North America; the origin of the genus is probably. [Indo-Malayan. GROUP A 1. N. pantherella, Guenée, Luc. Expl. Alg. Vol. 3, p. 409, pl. 4, f. 11 (1848). N. Africa. 2. N. algeriensis, Walsingham. Ent. M. Mag. Vol. 43. p. 153 (1907). N. Africa. 3. N.vraddella, Hübner. Samml. Aus. Vóg. Schmett. pl. 23 (1793) S.-E. Europe. (raddaella). 4. NN. latreillella, Fabricius, Suppl. Ent Syst. p. 502 (1798) S. Europe, N. Africa. 5. N. pfeifferclla, Hübner, Samml. Europ. Schmett. f. 422 (1816). C. Europe. 6. N. scabiosella, Scopoli, Ent. Carn. no. 644 (1763). Europe. ? metallicus, Poda, Ins. Mus. Grec. p. 94 (1761). frischella, Curtis, Brit. Ent. Vol. 1o, pl. 463 (1834). aerosellus, Zeller, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. rz, p. 140 (1850). 7. N. cupriacella, Hübner, Samml. Europ. Schmett. f. 445 (1816). C. and S.-E. Europe. 8. N . dstrianella, Herrich-Scháffer, Schmett. Europ. Vol. 5, f. 232 (1855). S.-E. Europe, S.-W. Asia. ? beyruthella, Bruand, Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr. p. 619 (1858). dalmatinellus, Mann, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges Wien, Vol. 1o, p. 384 (1569). 9. N. annae, Zeller, Linn. Ent. Vol. 8, p. 65 (1853). S.-E. Europe, S.-W. Asia, 10. N. purpurea, Stanton, Tin. Syr. p. 42 (1867). S.-W. Asia. ii N. frodigella, Zeller. Linn. Ent. Vol. 8. p. 67 (1853). Asia Minor. spleudidus, Staudinger, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 15, p. 277 (1880). 12. N. auricella, Ragonot. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 580, pl. 11, f. 2 (1874). C. and S. Europe. prodigellus, Heinemann (nec Zeller), Schmett. Deutschl. Vol. 3, p. 85 (1870). inauratella, Peyerimhoff (nec Duponchel), Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 14 (1872). 13. N. constantinella, Baker, Ent. Monthly Mag. Vol. 24, p. 255 (1888). N. Africa. Demaisoni, Ragonot, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 105 (1889). 14. N. fasciella, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 670 (1775). — Plate, Fig. | 7. C. and S. Europe. schiffermillerella, Hübner, Samml. Aus. Vóg. Schmett. pl. r9 (1793). 15. N. lenella, Zeller, Linn. Ent. Vol. 8, p. 69 (1853). C. Europe. 16. N. chlorista, nov. sp. 1), Meyrick. Asia Minor. 1) Nemotois chlorista, nov. sp. — 3, 15-16 mm.; Q, 13 r4 mm. Head orange on crown, face black. Palpi in g' black above, ochreous- yellow below, in Q orange. Eyes in cj very large, almost meeting. Antennz white, in GO towards base densely clothed with rough purple-black scales, in Q thickened with rough blue-black scales on basal half. Thorax purple-black, patagia bright brassy-metallic. Abdomen purple-black. Forewings elongate, rather narrow, costa gently arched, apex obtuse, termen very obliquely rounded; all veins separate; bright golden-coppery, more or less suffused with deep purple, sometimes mixed with metallic green ; a broad blackish transverse fascia beyond middle, posteriorly extended along costa to five-sixths, and thence curved downwards to before apex; cilia fuscous or dark fuscous, basal half suffused with coppery or purple. Hindwings rather dark grey, more or less purplish-tinged, in Q darker; cilia in G' whitish, with dark fuscous basal line, round apex grey, in Q wholly dark grey. Alma Dagh ; fourteen specimens. 6 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 17. N . violella, Zeller, Linn. Ent. Vol. 8, p. 61 (1853). : C. Europe. cypriacellus, Zeller (nec Hübner), Isis, p. 275 (1846). 18. N. mollella, Hübner, Samml. Europ Schmett. f. 423, 424 (1816). C. and S. Europe. 19. N. minimella, Zeller, Linn. Ent. Vol. 8, p. 76 (1853). C. Europe. 20. N. barbatella, Zeller, Isis, p. 33 (1847). 5. Europe. chalcochrysellus, Mann, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 5, p. 561 (1855). albiciliellus, Staudinger, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 20, p. 236 (1859). 21. N. fhoeuciles, Meyrick, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. r7, p. 993 India. (1907). 22. N. dumeriliella, Duponchel, Hist. Nat. Lép. Fr. Vol. 11, pl- 3090; f:32^ "C and/S:- E: Europe. (1838). inauratella, Duponchel, Hist. Nat. Lép. Fr. Suppl.Vol. 4, pl. 88, f. 3 (1842). 23. N. humilis, Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p.89, pl. 4,f. 26(1891). S. Africa. 24. N. sparsella, Walker, list Lep. Het. Brit. Mus Vol. 28, p. 506(1863). E. Australia. ? chrysolamprella, Rosenstock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 5, Vol. 16, p. 438 (1885). 25. N. orichaletas, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, p. 484 (1892). E. Australia. ? laurella, Newman, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. Ser. 2, Vol. 3, p. 290 (1855). 26. N. fopasias, Meyrick, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, p. 485 (1892). E. Australia. 27. N. opalina, nov. sp. 1), Moyrick. E. Australia. 25. N. brachypetala, nov. sp. 2), Meviick. N. Australia. 29. N. follinaris. Meyrick, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist.Soc.Vol.17,p.993(1907). Ceylon. 3o. N. sinicella 3), Walker, List Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. Vol. 28.p.505(1863). Burma, China. 31. N. chalcomis, Meyrick. Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc.Vol.17.p.990(1907). Ceylon. 32. N. pyrotechna, nov. sp. 4), Mevrick. India. GROUP B 3. N. parvella, Walker, List Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. Vol. 28, p. 504 (1863). W. Africa. 34. N. profusella. Walker, ibidem, Vol. 35, p. 1816 (1866). New Guinea. 5. N. engraples, Meyrick, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 17, p. 993 Cevlon. (1907). — Plate, Fig. 4. 35. N. laticlavia, nov. sp. 5). Mevrick. Celebes. 37. N. satrapodes, Meyrick, l'rans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 26 (1894). Burma, India. 1) Nemotois opalina, nov. Sp. — OG, 11- i2 mm. Head fulvous-ochreous, face shining brassy-metallic. Eyes very large, almost meeting. Palpi short, thinly hairy, ochreous whitish. Antenn:e simple, whitish, towards base ringed with fuscous. Thorax shining bronze. Abdomen dark fuscous. Posterior tibiae bronzy, withlong grey hairs. Forewings subtriangular, costa posteriorly strongly arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded, rather strongly oblique; all veins separate; purple, with some scattered coppery-golden scales; basal third suffused with black, marked with a bright brassy- metallic streak along basal third of costa, and a similar median streak, edged beneath with a triangular yellow spot; a broad median transverse fascia of alternate fine pale yellowish and blackish longitudinal stri: broadest on costa, edged posteriorly with black; a suffused patch of black irroration towards middle of termen: cilia purplish-bronze. Hindwings prismatic-subhyaline, thinly strewn with grey scales, apical third sufiused with grev; cilia grey. Cairns, Queensland (Dodd); in April, two specimens. : 2) Nemotois brachypetala, nov. sp. — O,13 mm. Head ochreous, face shining brassy-metallic. Eyes very large, approximated. Palpi rather short, pale oc»reous. Antenne simple, dark fuscous, beneath whitish. Thorax shining brassy-metallic, patagia coppery-tinged. Abdomen dark bronzy-fuscous. Posterior tibi: bronzy, with long grey hairs. Forewings subovate, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded, rather strongly oblique; all veins separate; deep purple, with some scattered coppery-golden scales; a light brassy-yellow basal patch occupying nearly one-third of wing, edged with blackish all round, enclosing an elongate-oval dark grey black-edged spot beneatli costa connected with base of costa by coppery suffusion. and a short fine black dush beneath this; a fascia of black suffusion somewhat beyond middle, broad towards costa. narrow towards dorsum, containing a few pale yellow scales in disc; some blick irroration towards termen, especially in middle: cilia dark coppery-fuscous. Hindwings dark purplish-bronzy-fuscous, Port Darwin (Dodd); one specimen. 3) Bv a curious error the English descriptions and localities of this species and .V. decise//a, Walker, are transposed ; the Latin diagnoses are correct 4) Nemotois pyrotechna. nov. sp.— O3 9, 14-16 mm. Head ferruginous, face shining golden. Eyes in not enlarged. Antennze simple, white, in CQ basal fifth, in O basal two-tnirds blackish. Palpishort, yellowish. Thorax shining coppery-bronze. Abdomen dark fuscous. Posterior tibiz in g' with long grey hairs. Forewings subovate, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen oblique, slightly rounded ; veins all separate; brilliant coppery-golden; a purple patch mixed with blackish on base of costa, reaching half across wing, its costal margin marked with a pale yellowish streak; a broad antemedian transverse fascia of purple suffusion irrorated with black and pale yellowish, narrowed downwards; a roundish similar patch resting on middle of termen : cilia coppery-golden, outer half suffused with purple. Hii.dwings and cilia dark fuscous. Kbasi Hills; in May, two specimens. 5) Nemotois laticlavia, nov. sp. — o, 16 mm. Head deep yellow. Eyes very large. Palpi rather short, hairy, yellow. Antenne white, towards base clothed with rough deep yellow scales. l'horax metallic blue, collar yellow (partly defaced). Forewings subovate, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen obliquely rounded; all veins separate; purple; anterior area mixed with black, towards base and along costa suflused with bright metallic blue; a very broad orange median transverse fascia, edged with pale silvery-bluish streaks, anterior edge straight, posterior rather irregular; a broad irregular orange band from two-thirds of costa to median portion of termen, connected with median fascia 4bove middle by a thick irregular bar ; an orange patch on tornus. Hindwings dark purple-grey. Bonthain ; in October, one specimon. FAM. ADELID/E 7 38. N. aurisparsella, Nalker, List Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. Vol.28,p.5060(1863). Borneo. 39. N. xanthobasella, Snellen, Tijdschr. v. Ent. Vol. 28, p. 23 (1885). Celebes. 40. N. lristrizella, Walker, List Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. Vol. 35, p.1815 (1866). ]ava. 41. N. bifasciella, Walker, ibidem, p. 1821 (1866). Java. Sy/hoff, Snellen, Tijdschr. v. Ent. Vol. 44, p. 77. pl. 5, f. 4 (1901). 2. N. gemmella, Walsingham, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 81, pl. 11 .f.8(1880). India. 43. N. athlophora, nov. Sp. 1), Mevrick. India. 44. N. scitulella, Walker, List Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. Vol. 3o, p. 839 (1864). India, Ceylon. corybantis, Meyrick, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 16, p. 619 (1905). 45. N. melichlorias, Meyrick, ibidem, Vol. 17, p. 992 (1907). Burma. 46. N. rubrifascia, Christoph, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, p. 9 (1882) (rubro- | E. Siberia. fascia). 47. N.. chrysoprasias, Meyrick, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 17, p. 992 India. (1907). — Plate, Fig. !. 48. N. pyrites, Meyrick, ibidem, p. 992 (1907). — Plate, Fig. 1 4. India. 49. N. imperialis, Rebel, Iris, Vol. 13, p. 187 (1900). E. Siberia. 5o. N. Tancrei, Sauber, Ver. Naturw. Hamb. Vol. 1o, p. 67 (1899). C. Asia. 51. N. amphimetalla, nov. sp. 2). Meyrick. India. 55. N. decisella, Walker, List Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. Vol. 28, p. 505 (1863). Sumatra. 53. N. paradisea, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 592 (1881). Japan. 54. N. Athinsonii, Moore, Descr. Ind. Lep. Atk. p. 282 (1887). India. 55. N. indica, Walker, List Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. Vol. 28, p. 5o4 (1863). India. 56. N. latifasciella, Narren, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 338 (1888). India. GROUP C 57. N. aurifera, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 592 (1881). Japan. [asciella. Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, p. 39 (1566) (preeocc.). 58. N. associatella, Zeller, Isis. p. 186 (1839). C. and S. Europe. 59. N. solstitiella, Walsingham, Swinh. Cat. Het. Vol. 2, p. 584 (1900). India. 60. N. griseella, Walsingham, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 82, pl. 9, f. 9 (1880). India. 61. N. askoldella, Milliére, Le, Naturaliste, Vol. 1, p. 139 (1879). E. Siberia. irroratella, Christoph, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, p. 5 (1882). 62. N. cassileriles, Meyrick, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 17, p. 991. India. (1907). — Plate, Fig. S) 63. N.. chionites, Meyrick, ibidem, p. 990 (1907). India. 64. N. seraphias, Mevrick, ibidem, p. 991 (1907). — Plate, Fg. 2. India. GROUP D 65. N. optima, Butler, lll. Heter. Brit. Mus. Vol. 2, p. 62. pl.40, £.6(1878). Japan. 66. N. augantha, Meyrick, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc.Vol.17,p.989(1907). India. 67. IN . Jluorites, Meyrick, ibidem, p. 991r (1907). India. 68. N. Radde;, Rebel, Cat. Pal. ep. Vol. 2. p. 243 (19ot). E. Siberia. raddeellus, Christoph, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, p. 811882) (praeocc. . 1) Nemotois athlophora, nov. sp. — Q, 13 mm. Head light orange, face shining purple-coppery. Palpi short, hairy, yellowish, beneath mixed with black. Antenne grey-whitish, basal half blackish terminated by a tuít of scales. Thorax shining golden, patagia suffused with coppery- purple. Abdomen blackish-grey. Forewings subovate, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen slightly rounded, rather strongly oblique; all veins separate ; bright deep purple» ; basal half bright orange, dividing line purple-blackish ; base of costa deep purple ; a spot beneath costa at one-sixth, a dot towards dorsum beyond this, a bar from costa at one-fourth reaching halfacross wing, and a spot on costa before middle purple more or less edged with blackish : cilia dark purple-grey. basal half coppery-purple. Hindwings dark greyish-purple; cilia dark grey. Palni Hills (Campbell) ; one specimen. 2) Nemotois amphimetalla. nov. sp. — &, 13-14 mm. Head blackish, face shining bronze. Eyes very large, almost meeting. Antennas grey-whitish, towards base roughened above with dark fuscous scales. Palpi moderate, hairy, blackish, mixed with whitisb scales. Thorax shining bronze. Abdomen dark fuscous. Posterior tibic bronzy, with very long grey hairs. Forewings subovate, costa moderately arched, apex obtuse, termen obliquely rounded ; all veins separate; shining coppery-purple-golden ; anterior area almost wholly covered with mixed black and ferruginous-yellowish scales; a moderate orange transverse fascia somewhat before middle, edged first with black ani then with thick bright prismatic-metallic streaks ; beyond this à fascia of blackish suffusion passing into ground colour : cilia coppery-bronze. Hindwings thinly scaled, purple-grey; cilia bronzy- grey, with dark grey basal shade, Palni Hills (Campbell); two specimens. 8 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 69. N. badioumbratella, Sauber. Ver. Naturw. Hamb. Vol. ro, p. 67(1899). C. Asia. 7o. N. kukunoreusis, Sauber, ibidem, p. 66 (1899). C. Asia. 71. N. staudingerella, Christoph, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, p. 435 (1881). E. Siberia. 72. N. degeerella, Linnzeus. Syst. Nat. p. 540 (1758). Europe. veerella, Hübner, Samml. Europ. Schmett. f. 130 (1816). 73. N. amurensis, Alpheraki, Mém. Lép. Roman. Vol. 9, p. 346 (1897). Siberia. ? amatella, Staudinger, Iris, Vol. 5, p. 392 (1892). 74. N. Hedemanni, Christoph, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 22, p. 312 (1888). E. Siberia. 75. N . esmarkella, Wocke, Stett. Ent Zeit. Vol. 25, p. 211 (1864). N. Europe. 76. N. Schrencki, Bremer, Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 92, pl. 7, f. 24 (1864). E. Siberia. 77. N. congruella, von Róslerstamm, Abbild. Schmett. p. 191, pl. 67, f. 2 C. Europe, (1844). 78. N . ochsenheimerella, Hübner, Samml. Europ. Schmett. f. 359 (1816). C. Europe. 79. N. chalybeella, Bremer. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 92. pl. 7, f. 25 (1884). E. Siberia. 8o. N. nobilis, Christoph, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, p. 7 (1882). E. Siberia, 81. N. basella, Eversmann, Faun. Lep. Volg. Ural. p. 592 (1844). S.-E. Europe. 82. N. basiradiella, Christoph, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 22, p. 312 (1888). E. Siberia. 83. N. bellella, Walker, List Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. Vol. 28, p. 5o1 (1863) N. America, 5. GENUS ZONOPS, TURNER Zonops. Turner, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. p. 17 (1900). — Type : Z. Aeteroleuca, Turner. Characters. — Head and face densely rough-haired. Eyes in c divided into upper and lower segments by a horizontal ridge of scales, lower segments greatly enlarged and approximated beneath. Antennz about twice forewings in both sexes, simple, basal joint with pecten. Labial palpi moderate, slender, with appressed scales, terminal joint half second, acute. Maxillary palpi obsolete. Posterior tibi rough-haired. Forewings narrow-elongate; 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa. Hindwings over 1, elongate-ovate; 3 and 4 connate, 5-7 parallel. I have not seen this curious insect, but the characters given by Dr. Turner are clear and full. It must be regarded as a development of Adela; I should not regard the eyes of the cf. though highly remarkable, as an essential generic structure, but should prefer to rely on the connate veins 3 and 4 of hindwings. Early stages unknown. Geographical distribution of species. — Australian. 1. Z. helevoleuca, Turner, Trans. Rov. Soc. S. Austral. p. 17 (1990). E. Australia. 6. GENUS ADELA, LATREILLE Adela. Latreille, Gen. Crust. Ins. Vol. 4. p. 224 (1796). — Type : 4. viridella, Scopoli. Capillaria. Haworth, Lep. Brit. p. 519 (1828). — Type : A. viridella. Scopoh. Characters. — Head rough-haired, face smooth or rough-haired. Eyes in Qf sometimes enlarged. Antennz one to three, sometimes thickened with scales towards base, basal joint stout, without pecten, Labial palpi moderately long to short, porrected, more or less hairy. Maxillary palpi rudimentary. Posterior tibiae hairy or smooth-scaled. Forewings elongate; 7 to costa, 8 and 9 seldom stalked. Hindwings r, elongate-ovate, cilia one-half to three-fourths; 5 and 6 often stalked. RAM. ADELIDJZt: The structural variation of this genus occurs in closely allied species, and even in sexes of the same species, so that it does not admit of any satisfactory subdivision. Imago flying in sunshine, sometimes frequenting the flowers of its foodplants. Larva usually at first on flowers or seeds, afterwards in a flat portable case of leaf-fragments or silk granulated with earth on leaves, often those fallen Foodplants (known for five species) diverse, Dicotyledonous shrubs and plants. Geographical distribution of species, — Confined to temperate regions of the Northern hemisphere, except for one species found in Central America and one in South Africa. un 12. T3 16. 175 18. Bi BRoD& n a Zl A. GROUP A . ridingsella, Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. Vol. 2, p. 426 (1864). Schlaegeri, Zeller, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 23, p. 227 (1873). corruscifasciella, Chambers, The Canad. Entom. Vol. 5, p. 74 (1873) . Frifasctella, Chambers, ibidem, Vol. 8, p. 103 (1876). . trigrapha, Zeller, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 25, p. 342 (1875). fasciella, Chambers, The Canad. Entom. Vol. 8, p. 103 (1576). septentrionella, Walsingham, Proc. Zool. Sec. Lond. p. 79, pl. 1r, f. 1 (1880). flammeella, Chambers, The Canad. Entom. Vol. 8, p. 104 (1876) ( flammeusella). lactimaculella,Nalsingham, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 80, pl. 11, f. 5, 6 (1880). . purpurea, Walker, List Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. Vol. 28, p. 5or (1863). biviella, Zeller, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 23, p. 226 (1873). . aethiops, Felder, Reise Novara, pl. 139, f. 1 (1875) GROUP B . electella, Nalker, List Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. Vol. 28, p. 495 (1863). . collicolella, Nalsingham, Ent. Monthly Mag. Vol. 40, p. 7 (1994). . paludicolella, Zeller, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. rz, p. 139 (1850). . australis, Herrich-Scháffer, Schmett. Europ. Vol. 5, p. 103, f. 253 (1855). — Plate, Fig. Il. mazzolella, Duponchel (nec Hübner). Hist. Nat. Lép. Fr. Vol. 11, pl. 300, f. 8 (1838). . croesella, Scopoli, IZnt. Carn. no. 648 (1763). sulzella, Schiffermüller, Syst. Verz. Schmett. p. 143 (1776). podaella, Donovan, Nat. Hist. Brit. Ins. Vol. 8, pl. 267, f. 3 (1800). sulzeriella, Zeller, Isis, p. 186 (1839). laqueatella, Zeller, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. rr, p. 135 (1850). religatella, Zeller, ibidem, p. 136 (1850). . orienlella, Staudinger, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 7, p. 233. pl. 3, f. 6 (1870). getica, Mann, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 21, p. 80 (1871). . singulella, Nalsingham, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 8o, pl. 11. f. 4 (1880). Als albicinctella, Mann, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 2, p. 135 (1852). panicensis, Frey, Mitth. Schweiz. Ent. Ges. Vol. 3. p. 247 (1870). GROUP C . punctiferella, Nalsingham, Ins. Life, Vol. 2, p. 284 (1890). . viridella, Scopoli, Ent. Carn. no. 250 (1763). — Plate, Fig.13a, b. sphingtella, Hübner, Samml. Aus. Vóg. Schmett. pl. 25 (1793). reaumurella, Duponchel, Hist, Nat. Lép. Fr. Vol. 11, pl. 3or, f. 5, 6 (1838). Speyeri, Zeller, Linn. Ent. Vol. 8, p. 41 (1853j. . cufrella, Thunberg, Diss. Ent. Vol. 7, p. 98 (1794). N. America. N. America. N. America. N. America. N. America. N. America. C. America. . Africa. . Africa. . Europe. . Europe. Uo uU zu Europe, Siberia. S.-E. Europe. N. America. C. Europe. N. America. Europe. Europe. aurifrontella, Duponchel. Hist. Nat. Lép. Fr. Vol. 11, pl. 302, f. 4 (1838). INDEX (The names in i/alics are synonyms) IO LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA GROUP D 1g. A. caeruleella, Walker, List Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. Vol. 25, p. 502(1863). —N. America. 20. 4. bella, Chambers, The Canad. Entom. Vol. 5, p. 73 (1873). N. America. chalybeis, Zeller, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 23, p. 226 (1873). iochroa, Zeller, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 13, p. 218 (1877). 21. A. aeruginosella, Walsingham, Ins. Life, Vol. 2, p. 285 (1890). N. America. 22. A. simpliciella, Walsingham, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 81, pl. 11, f. 7; N. America. ! (1880). 23. A. massolella, Hübner, Samml. Europ. Schmett. f. 155 (1816). C. and S. Europe. armeniella, Rebel. Iris, Vol. 15, p. 126, pl. 4, f. 14 (1902). 24. A. repetitella, Mann, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. Vol. 5, p. 187, pl. 3, f. 3, 4 Asia Minor. (1861). 25. A. infantella, Erschoff, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 12, p. 343 (1877). E. Siberia. 26. A. homalella, Staudinger, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 20, p. 236 (1859). S.-W. Europe. 27. A. analolica, Rebel, Iris, Vol. 15, p. 125, pl. 4, f. 13 (1902). Asia Minor. 28. A. violella, Treitschke, Schmett. Europ. Vol. 9, p. 139 (1833). C. and S.-E. Europe. tombacinella, Herrich-Scháffer. Schmett. Europ. Vol. 5, p. 102, f. 240 (1855). 29. A. vufimitrella, Scopoli, Ent. Carn. no. 649 (1763) C. and S.-E. Europe. frischella, Hübner, Samml. Europ. Schmett. f. 425 (1816). purpuratella, Zeller, Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. r1, p. 135 (1850). 3o. A. canalella, Eversmann, Faun. Lep. Volg. Ural. p. 587 (1844). S.-E. Europe. GROUP E 31. A. tridesma, nov. sp., Meyrick. Asia Minor. trifasciella, Staudinger, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 15, p. 275/1880) (przeocc.). 32. A. leucocerella, Scopoli, Ent. Carn. no. 255 (1763) — Plate, Fig. 12. C. and S.-E. Europe. conformella, Zeller, Isis, p. 168 (1839). bimaculella, von Róslerstamm, Abbild. Schmett. p. 193, pl. 68. f. 2 (1844). 33. A. fibulella, Fabricius, Mant. Ins. Vol. 2, p. 253 (1787). Europe. fulchella, Eversmann, Faun. Lep. Volg. Ural. p. 588 (1844). immaculata, Wocke, Ent. Zeitschr. Breslau, p. 44 (1877). 34. A. florella, Staudinger. Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. p. 290 (1870). S.-E. Europe. 35. A. cyanella, Zeller. Stett. Ent. Zeit. Vol. 1r, p. 134 (1850). S. Europe. 36. A. rufifrontella, 'Treitschke, Schmett. Europ. Vol. 9, p. 116 (1833). C. and S. Europe. Pages Pages Pages Adela (genus), Latr. 8 alternipunctella, Wals. 4 askoldella, Mill. 7 aerosellus, Zell. 5 amatella, Staud. 8 associatella, Zell. " aeruginosella, Wals. IO amphichroa, Meyr. 4 athlophora, Meyr. 7 aethiops, Feld. 9 amphimetalla, Meyr. 7 Atkinsonii, Moore 7 Agisana (genus), Móschl. 3 amurensis, Alph. 8 augantha, Meyr. 7 albiciliellus, Staud. 6 anatolica, Reb. IO auricella, Rag. 5 albicinctella, Mann 9 annae, Zell. 5 aurifera, Butl. Z albicornis, Walk. 4 annulatella, Rae. 3 aurifrontella, Dup. 10 algeriensis, Wals. 5 armentella, Reb. I0 aurisparsella, Walk, 7 australis, Herr.-Sch. ' badioumbratella, Saub. barbatella, Zell. basella, Ev. basiradiella, Christ. bella, Chamb. bellella, Walk. beyruthella, Bruand bifasciella, Walk. bimaculella, v. Rósl. . biviella, Zell. brachypetala, Meyr. caeruleella, Walk. caffrariella, Móschl. canalella, Ev. Cafpillaria (genus), Haw. cassiterites, Meyr. caucasica, Reb. Ceromitia (genus), Zell. chalcochrysellus, Mann chalcomis, Meyr. chalybeella, Brem. chalybeis, Zell. chionites, Meyr. chlorista, Meyr. chrysolamprella, Yos. chrysoprasias, Meyr. collicolella, Wals. conformella, Zell. congruella, v. Rósl. constantinella, Bak. corruscifasciella, Chamb. corybantis, Meyr. crinigerella, Zell. croesella, Scop. cuneella, Wals. cuprella, Thunb. cupriacella, Huübn. cyanella, Zell. cypriacellus, Zell. dalmatinellus, Mann decisella, Walk. degeerella, Linn. Demaisoni, Rag. dorsiguttella, Ersch. dumeriliella, Dup. electella, Walk. elongatella, Wals. engraptes, Meyr. Pages m Ui (D 5 B» uuo t0 O0 oO O tU O FAM. ADELID/E Epityphia (genus), Hübn. esmarkella, Wocke Eutyphia (genus), Hübn. fasciella, Chamb. fasciella, Fabr. fasciella, Motsch. fasciolata, Butl. fibulella, Fabr. flammeella, Chamb. fiorella, Staud. fluorites, Meyr. Jrischella, Curt. frischella, Hübn. geerella, Hübn. gemmella, Wals. getica, Mann glandularis, Meyr. griseella, Wals. Hedemanni, Christ. heteroleuca, Turn. homalella, Staud. humilis, Wals. immaculata, Wocke imperialis, Reb. inauratella, Dup. inauratella, Peyer. indica, Walk. infantella, Ersch. tochroa, Zell. iolampra, Turn. irroratella, Christ. istrianella, Herr.-Sch. kukunorensis, Saub. lactimaculella, WNals. laqueatella, Zell. laticlavia, Meyr. latifasciella, Warr. latreillella, Fabr. laureata, Meyr. laurella, Newm. lenella. Zell. leptosticta, Turn. leucocerella, Scop. libropis, Meyr. magna, Zell. mazzolella, Dup t: un OO U- Ow uo o E mazzolella, Hubn. melichlorias, Meyr. melallicus, Pod. metaxella, Hübn. minimella, Zell. minutella, Snell. mollella, Hübn. natalensis, Staint. Nematopogon (genus), Zell. Nemophora (genus), Hübn. Nemotois (genus), Hübn. nobilis, Christ. ochsenheimerella, Hübn. opalina, Meyr. optima, Butl. orichalcias, Meyr. orientella, Staud. paludicolella, Zell. palyntis, Meyr. panicensis, Frey pantherella, Guen. panzerella, Hübn. paradisea, Butl. parvella, Walk. pfeifferella, Hübn. phoenicites, Meyr. phyrsima, Meyr. pilelia, Fabr. pilulella, Hübn. podaella, Don. pollinaris, Meyr. prodigella, Zell. prodigellus, Hein. profusella, Walk. fseudopilella, Peyer. pulchella, Ev. punctiferella, Wals. purpuratella, Zell. purpurea, Staint, purpurea, Walk. pyrites, Meyr. pyrotechna, Meyr. raddeellus, Christ. kaddei, Reb. raddella, Hübn. reaumurella, Dup. reaumurella, l'eyer. veligatella, Zell. repetitella, Mann 9 o NOM o OQ 90 1 o Oo QJ Q QU t OO CQ O0» Q CO O3 UU tQ OO - H^ OQ Mo tO I2 ridingsella, Clem. rubrifascia, Christ. rufifrontella, Treitschke rufimitrella, Scop. sabulosella, Walk. satrapodes, Meyr. scabiosella, Scop. schiffeymillerella, Hübn. Schlaegeri, Zel. Schrencki, Brem. schwarziella, Zell. scitulella, Walk. septentrionella, Wals. seraphias, Meyr. sericinella, Zell. simpliciella, Wals. singulella, Wals. sinicella, Walk. solstitiella, Wals. Fig. 1. LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA Pages sparsella, Walk. 6 trifasciella, Chamb. Speyeri, Zell. 9 trifasciella, Staud. sphingiella, Hübn. o trigoniferella, Wals. spilodesma, Meyr. 4 trigrapha, Zell. splendidus, Staud. 5 tristrigella, Walk. sporaea, Meyr. 4 turpis, Walk. stathmodes, Meyr. 4 tyrochlora, Meyr. staudingerella, Christ. 8 stenochlora, Meyr. 3 Ucetiía (genus), Walk. sulzella, Schiff. 9 sulzertella, Zell. 9 violella, Treitschke swammerdammella, Linn. violella, Zell. Sythoff, Snell. 1 viridella, Scop. 'Tancrei, Saub. 7 Wahlbergi, Zell. tombacinella, Herr.-Sch. 10 topazias, Meyr. 6 xanthobasella, Snell. Trichorrhabda venus), Meyr. 3 tridesma, Meyr. 10 EXPLANATION OF PLATE Nemotois chrysoprasias, Meyrick. — . seraphias, Meyrick. — cassiterites, Meyrick. — . engraptes, Meyrick. — . augantha, Meyrick. Ceromitia wahlbergi, Zeller. -— laureala, Meyrick. — . falyntis, Meyrick. — .— tdügoniferella, Nalsingham. Nemophora panserella, Hübner. Adela australis, Herrich-Scháffer. — leucocerella, Scopoli. — viridella, Scopoli, forewing. hindwing. Nemotois Pyrites, Meyrick, hindwing. . Ceromitia turpis, Walker, forewing. hindwing. — — head. . Nemophora swammerdammella, Linngeus, forewing. head. Nemotots fasciella, Fabricius, head. Marlborough (England), r5th January 19:2. Zonops (genus), Turn. Pages 9 IO IO GENERA INSECTORUM | H Jl JVemotois chrysoprastas Meyr. 165 ANemophora. swammerdanmnella. L. — j i ANemuatois engraptes Meyr. "Eis Ceromitta. laureata. Meyr. 750. (eromitia. turpis. Walk. 10 Nemopluma pauzeredta. /tüb. 2 Aemotois seraphias Meyr. 17 Adela. viridelfa. Scop. Ceromitia. palyrdis Meyr. 755 Ceromitía. turpis Wadk:. 7 Adela. austradis. Schaf FAM.ADELIDZ LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA ANemotois cassiterites Meyr. 15€ Ceromüitaz. turpis Walk.. Ceromitia. Wadlberqi Zell . 74 JNemotois pyrites Mevr. Ceromitia. trigoniferella. Was. 76 2 ANemophora: swammerdamrella. L. 72 Idela. leucocerella Scop. , E] -— " | ] j | - 4 B AT D - COLEOPTERA FAM. CARABID/E SUBFAM. NOTIOPHILINZE COLEOPTERA ADEPHAGA FAM. CARABID/E SUBFAM. NOTIOPHILINZE par le Capitaine Pau. DUPUIS AVEC I PLANCHE COLORIÉE (t ETTE sous-famille ne comprend qu'un genre : Notiophilus, trés voisin des Nebrüinz dont le sépare, outre son facies tres particulier, la troncature oblique des tarses antérieurs. Ceux-ci sont obliquement et peu profondément échancrés pres de leur extrémité, l'éperon DEN ZA interne étant adossé à la base de l'échancrure. Ces insectes font partie de la grande section des Carabinz, les épiméres mésothoraciques atteignant les hanches moyennes. Leurs larves ressemblent également à celles des Nebriiue, mais les fémurs, tibias et tarses sont à peu prés de méme longueur et fortement sculptés. Synonymie : Notiophiliens. Chaudoir. Notiophilini. Bedel, Ganglbauer. Nebriini (partim). Horn. Caracteres, — Le genre étant unique, ses caracteres sont en méme temps ceux de la tribu. Facies spécial dü au corps petit, assez large, aux yeux énormes occupant tout le cóté de la téte, au front sillonné longitudinalement et au trés large espace situé entre la deuxiéme et la troisiéme strie élytrale. Téte grosse, à front horizontal, aussi large ou plus large, en y comprenant les yeux, que le thorax. Front et clypeus sillonnés de plis longitudinaux; un pore sétigere supra-orbitaire de chaque cóté. Antennes ayant les quatre articles basilaires glabres, insérées sous une légére saillie frontale. Yeux trés gros, modérément éloignés de l'échancrure buccale en dessous. Gorge séparée du menton par un sillon transversal. 2 COLEOPTERA ADEPHAGA Il] est à remarquer que, au repos, les courtes antennes, au lieu d'étre placées dorsalement vers l'arriere, se recourbent sous la téte en encadrant partiellement les yeux. Labre assez court, avancé au milieu, transversal, couvrant presque totalement les mandibules. Celles-ci sont épaisses, non proéminentes, à sommet aigu, et portent un pore sétigére externe (regle presque générale chez les Carabiques à vie subaquatique). Máchoires peu fortement ciliées intérieure- ment, à palpes maxillaires de longueur moyenne, à dernier article un peu plus long seulement que le pénultiéme. Menton modérément échancré, à dent médiane courte et émarginée. Ligule large, avancée, arrondie et bisétigere antérieurement. Les paraglosses sont gréles, arqués, plus longs que la ligule et libres à leur extrémité. Les palpes labiaux ont leurs deux derniers articles subégaux, le pénultiéme bisétigere en avant. "Thorax carré, presque aussi large que les élytres, peu rétrécià ja base, un peu avancé obtusément au milieu du bord antérieur. Cótés finement rebordés, milieu du thorax à impression longitudinale, angles postérieurs à impression arrondie. Elytres rebordées à la base, à cótés assez paralleles, à deuxieme interstrie trés large, souvent polie-miroitante, à huitiéme interstrie plus ou moins élevée en caréne prés du sommet. Prosternum prolongé derriere les hanches antérieures en processus large, rebordé. Cótés de la poitrine et du premier segment ventral fortement ponctués. Les pattes sont courtes. Les máles ont les trois premiers articles des tarses antérieurs et souvent le premier article des tarses moyens un peu élargis et couverts à la face inférieure de poils squamuleux. De plus, on observe souvent chez les cf une dilatation plus ou moins accentuée des palpes, et un seul point sétigere de chaque cóté du dernier segment abdominal (deux chez les 9). Moeurs et métamorphoses. — l.es Noliophilus vivent en général dans des endroits plus ou moins humides, sous les pierres, la mousse, les feuilles mortes. Ce sont de petits insectes tres agiles. Schiódte a décrit les larves des NotiopAilus btguttatus et aquaticus (Nat. Tidskr. 1866, p. 452-456, pl. 13, f. 12-19). Voici les caractéres généraux qu'il assigne aux larves de ces coléoptéres : Téte obcordée, à col court; clypeus allongé, cornu, à cornes épineuses, les deux épines anté- rjeures allongées; angles frontaux aigus. Ocelles éloignés des antennes, disposés circulairement. Antennes à second article un peu plus court que le premier, le troisieme en massue, un peu plus long que le premier. Mandibules avancées, trés gréles; dent située sous le milieu, allongée, mince. Máàchoires trés minces, non barbues. Lobe externe gréle, à premier article trés court, le second trois fois plus long, conique, tres gréle. Lobe interne absent. Palpes maxillaires à deux premiers articles courts, le dernier tres long. acumine. Palpes labiaux à article terminal trés long, acuminé. Ligule épaisse, conique, à poils terminaux rapprochés, spiniformes. Prothorax obovale, convexe, écusson à cótés non rebordés, impressions musculaires linéaires, proches du bord latéral. Pattes allongées, gréles, sculptées, fémurs et tibias à épines gréles pres du sommet, tarses inermes en dessous; fémurs, tibias et tarses de la méme longueur. Ongles gréles, inégaux. Cerques mobiles, trés longs. légerement noduleux, densément poilus. Larves trés agiles, errantes. FAM. CARABID/E 3 GENUS NOTIOPHILUS, DUMÉRIL Notiophilus. Duméril, Zool. Anal. p. 194 (1806); Dejean, Spec. Gén. Vol. 2, p. 276 (1826); Lacor- daire, Gen. Col. Vol. r, p. 43 (1854); Schaum, Nat. Ins. Deutschl. p. 6r (1860); Chaudoir, .Bull Soc. Nat. Moscou, Vol. 4, p. 270 (1860); Putzeys, Mém. Soc. Sc. Liége, Vol. r, p. 153 (1866); L'Abeille, Vol. 29. p. 22-29; Crotch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 5, p. 247 (1876); Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. Vol. r, p. 3o (1878); Ganglbauer, Kàáf. Mitteleur. Vol. r, p. 116 (1892); Spaeth, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien (1899); Reitter, Ent. Nachr. p. 361-364 (1897); Lesne, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6), Vol. 8, p. 145 (caracteres sexuels) (1888); Hayward, Psyche, Vol. 12 (carac- téres sexuels) (1905); Fall, Psyche, Vol. 13, p. 79 (1906); Thomson, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (6), Vol. 3, p. 1x2 (structure de la patte); Kempers, Tijdschr. v. Ent. Vol. 42, p. 187 (aile); Schiódte, Nat. Tidskr. Stockholm, p. 452, pl. 13 (larve et nymphe) (1866). Distribution géographique des especes. — l.es Notiof/iilus sont 1épandus dans tout l'hémis- phére Nord des régions paléarctiques et néarctiques. En Amérique, ils ne dépassent pas le Mexique au Sud; dans l'Ancien Monde, une espéce atteint l'Himalaya. I. N. aeneus, Herbst, Col. Vol. ro, p. 235 (180r). Amérique boréale. — semistriatus, var. B, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Vol. 2, p. 82 (1823); éd. Le Conte, Vol. 2, p. 498. — porrectus, Say, I rans. Amer, Philos. Soc. Vol. 4, p. 418 (1834); éd. Le Conte, Vol. 2, p. 498; Le Conte, Ann. Lyc. New York, Vol. 4, p. 450 (1848); Harris, Ent. Corr. (Scudder), p. 213 (1860); Crotch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 5, p. 247 (1576); Schoupp, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. p. 3o (1878). aeneus, Fall, Psyche, Vol. 13. p. 83 (1906). 2. N. aquaticus, Linné, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10), p. 408 (1758). Europe, Amérique boréale. aquaticus, Dejean, Spec. Gén. Vol. 2, p. 277 (1827); Icon. Vol. 2. p. 87, f. 1 (1829-1849); Kirby, Fauna Bor. Amer. Vol. 4, p. 64 (1837); Máklin, Stett. Ent. Zeit. p. 185, 335 (1857); Schaum, Nat. Ins. Deutschl. p. 62 (1860); Sturm, ibidem, Vol. 7, p. 142, pl. 183, f. O (1805); Sahlberg, Vega Exp. p. 47 (1885); Fauvel, Rev. Ent. Vol. 8, p. 95 (1889); Hamilton, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 21, p. 6, 350; Ganglbauer, Kàáf. Mitteleur. p. 117 (1892); Reitter, Ent. Nachr. p. 361 (1897); Spaeth, Verh. Zool -bot. Ges. Wien, Tiré à part, p. 6 (1899); Schiódte, Nat. Tidskr. Stockholm, pl. 13, f. 19 (larve) (1866). — semipunctatus, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 227 (1801); Fauvel, Faune Gallo- Rhén. Vol. 2. p. 90 (1868). var. metallicus, Waterhouse, Ent. Mag. p. 203 (1833). Grande-Bretagne. var. parvulus, Waterhouse, ibidem, p. 208 (1833). Grande-Bretagne. var. punctatus, Le Conte, Agassiz Lake Sup. p. 210 (1850). Amérique du Nord. var. hardyi, Putzeys, Mém. Soc. Sc. Liége, p. 165 (1866). — DI Fig. | 3. Terre Neuve. ? var. strigifrons. Baudi, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. p. 196, note (1864); Putzeys, Mém. Piémont. Soc. Sc. Liége, p. 158, note (1866). var. krolii, Lomnicki, Koson. Polsk. Vol. 28, p. 105 (1903). Galicie. var. dybowskii, Lomnicki, ibidem, p. 105 (1903). Galicie. var. pristinus, Friedrichs, Allg. Zeitschr. Ent. Vol. 8, p. 88 (1903). Syrie. var. fraudulentus, Spaeth, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges, Wien, T. à p. p. 7 (1899). Lac Baikal. var. sibiricus, Motschulsky, Ins. Sibér. p. 85 (1845). Sibérie. -— dauricus, Motschulsky, Col. Iak. no io; Reitter, Ent. Nachr. p. 36r, note (1897). 3. N. bigullatus, Fabricius, Reise Norw ; trad. franc. p. 222 (1779). — — Région paléarctique. PI., Fig. 1-3. biguttatus, Dejean, Spec. ,Gén. Vol 2, p. 279 (1829); Icon. Vol. 2, pl 87, f. 2; Schaum, Nat. Ins. Deutschl. Vol. 1, p. 64 (1860); Putzeys, Mém. Soc. Sc. Liége, p. 159 (1866); Ganglbauer, Kàf. Mitteleur. p. 118 (1892); Reitter, Ent. Nachr. p. 363 (1897); Spaeth, Verh Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, T. à p. p. 13 (1899); Schiódte, Nat. Tidskr. Stockholm, pl. 13, f. 12-18 (larve) (1866). OQ tn -R - IO. TS T.35 I4. iy: I6. 20. 2I. . IN. hauseri, Spaeth, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, T. COLEOPTERA ADEPHAGA — semifunctatus, Sturm, Nat. Ins. Deutschl, Vol 7, p. 140, pl. 183. f. A (1860); Duftschmidt, Fauna Austr. Vol. 2. p. 9o (1805). — melauophthalmus, Schlosser, Fauna Kornjasah, p. 12 (1879). Voir: Heyden, Wien. Ent. Zeitschr. p. 97 (1892); Csiki, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. Vol. 4, p. 620 (1906). ? — lateralis, Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Vol. 3, p. 192 (1864). var. latus, Waterhouse, Ent. Mag. p. 209 (1833). var. striatus, Waterhouse, ibidem, p. 209 (1833). var. nitidus, Waterhouse, ibidem, p. 210 (1833). . N. borealis (Harris, i. l. 1849). Fall, Psyche, Vol. 13, p. 86 (1906). . IN. breviusculus, Solsky, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 9, p. 299 (1873). . N. danieli, Reitter, Ent. Nachr. p. 364 (1897). — PI., Fig. 12. — orientalis, Reitter (nec Chaudoir), Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 252 (1889). Voir : Spaeth, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, T. à p. p. 10 (1899). . N. fasciatus, Màklin, Dissert. Helsingfors (1855); Stett. Ent. Zeit. p. 335 (1857). fasciatus, Poppius, Med. Soc. flor. faun. Fennica, p. 5o (1906-1907). . N. geminatus, Dejean, Spec. Gén. Vol. 5, p. 589 (1831); Icon. Vol. 2, jos t5) tede geminalus, Schaum, Nat. Ins. Deutschl. Vol. ry, p. 66 (1860); Putzeys, Mém. Soc. Sc. Liége, p. 162 (1866); Fauvel, Fauna Gallo-Rhén. Vol. 2, p. 94 (1868); Costa, Fauna Napol. Vol. 2, p. 11, pl. 26, f. 2; Gangl- bauer, Kàf. Mitteleur. p. 119 (1892): Keitter. Ent. Nachr. p. 364 (1897); Spaeth, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, T. à p. p. 11 (1899). à p. p. 12 (1899). N. hilaris, Friedrichs, Allg. Zeitschr. Ent. Vol. 8, p. 89 (1903). N. hypocrita, Spaeth, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, T. à p. p. 8 (1899). — palustris, var. h, Putzeys, Mém. Soc. Sc. Liége, p. 157 (1866). — laticollis, Petri, Mitt. Siebenburg. Ver. p. 25 (1891); Ganglbauer, Abh. Nat. Mus. Wien, p. 168 (1896); Reitter, Ent. Nachr. p. 362 (1897) (nec Chaudoir . — aquaticus, var., Baudi, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. p. 195, note (1864). — montanis, Chevrolat, in litt. . IN. imjpressifrons, Morawitz, Bull. Acad. Sc. St-Pétersb. p. 190 (1862); p. 238 (1863). — niponicus, Lewis, "I rans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (1883). ? — acuticollis, Putzeys, Mém. Soc. Sc. Liége, p. 157 (1866). N.. interstitialis, Reitter, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. p. 252 (1889); Ent. Nachr. p. 362 (1897). interstittalis, Spaeth, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, T. à p. p. 5 (1899). N. jakowlewit, Tschitschérine, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 36, p. 113 (1900). NN. laticollis, Chaudoiv, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, p. 162 (1850). laticollis, Putzeys, Mém. Soc. Sc. Liége, p. 167 (1866); Spaeth, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, T. à p. p. 9 (1899). — vetouskii, Reitter, Ent. Nachr. p. 364 (1897). N. marginatus, Géné, Mem. Accad. Torino, p. 47, pl. 2, F. 1 (1839). marginatus, Putzeys, L'Abeille, Vol. 19, p. 29 (1885); Spaeth, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, T. à p. p. 1o (1899). . N. nemoralis, Fall, Psyche, Vol. 13, p. 88 (1906). . N. miens, Le Conte. Ent. Rep. p. 31 (1857). nitens, Fall, Psyche, Vol. 13. p. 90 (1906). . N. obscurus, Fall, Occas. Papers, Calif. Acad. Sc. San Francisco, Vol. 8, p. 207 (19or); Psyche, Vol. 13, p. 89 (1906). N . orientalis, Chaudoir, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Vol. 2, p. 428 (1850). DIE eb orientalis, Spaeth, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, p. 5o (19001. N. falustris, Duftschmidt, Fauna Austr. Vol. 2, p. 102 (1805). palustris, Schaum, Nat. Ins. Deutschl. Vol. 1, p. 63 (1860); Sturm, ibidem, Angleterre. Angleterre. Angleterre. Amérique du Nord. Sibérie. Asie mineure, Syrie, Cor- fou. Sibérie Est (Finlande?). Méditerranée | occidentale, Piémont. Thibet. Syrie. Europe boréale et alpine. Sibérie orientale, Japon. Asie mineure, Syrie, Gréce. Altai. Russie Sud, Dalmatie, Au- triche. Sardaigne, Maroc. Amérique du Nord. Oregon. Californie. Himalava. Région paléarctique bo- réale et centrale. FAM. CARABIDZE 5 Vol. 7, p. 144, pl. 183, f. P (1805-1877); Putzeys, Mém. Soc. Sc. Liége, p.156 (1866); Ganglbauer, Kàf. Mitteleur. p. 118(1892); Reitter, Ent, Nachr. p. 362 (1897); Spaeth, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, T. à p. P- 7 (1899). — germinyi, Fauvel, Ent. Col. Fr. p. 1 (1863). — davisii, Waterhouse, Ent. Mag. p. 205 (1833). — hirticollis, Chaudoir, C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. p. 80 (1882). var. libialis, Stephens, Brit. Ent. p. 388 (1835); Waterhouse, Ent. Mag. p. 206 (1833). z var. nitidulus, Waterhouse, Ent. Mag. p. 203 (1833). var. parallelus, Waterhouse, ibidem, p. 204 (1833). var. newmanni, Waterhouse, ibidem, p. 205 (1833). var. brevis, Waterhouse, ibidem, p. 206 (1833). var. latior, Waterhouse, ibidem, p. 207 (1833). var. atavus, Friedrichs, Allg. Zeitschr. Ent. Vol. 7, p. 88 (1903). Syrie. 22. N. pusillus, Waterhouse, Ent. Mag. p. 207 (1833). Europe centrale et occiden- pusillus, Spaeth, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, T. à p. p. 5 (1899). tale, Suéde, Arménie. — aestuans, Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, p. 164 (1864); Reitter, Ent. Nachr. p. 362 (1897). — longipennis, Putzeys, Mém. Soc. Sc. Liége, p. 164 (1866). — bigeminus, ' Thomson, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., Bull. p. 112 (1833); Friedrichs, Insekten-Bórse,Vol.18, p. 59; Ganglbauer, Káf. Mitteleur. p.118 (1892). 23. N. quadripunctatus, Dejean, Spec. Gén. Vol. 2, p. 280 (1829); Icon. Europe occidentale et medi- Vol. 2, pl. 7, f. 3 (1829) terranéenne, Barbarie. quadripunctatus, Schaum, Nat. Ins. Deutschl. p. 67 (1860); Ganglbauer, Kaf. Mitteleur. p. 118 (1892); Reitter, Ent. Nachr. p. 364 (1897); Spaeth, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, T. à p. p. 14 (1899). — punctulatus, Wesmael, Bull. Acad. Sc. Bruxelles, Vol. 1, p. 22 (1835). Voir : C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. p. 83 (1883). 24. N. reilleri, Spaeth, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, T. à. p. p. 13 (1899). Sibérie, Laponie. reitteri, Poppius, Med. Soc. flor. faun. Fennica, p. 47 (1906-1907). — fasciatus, Reitter (nec Maklin), Ent. Nachr. p. 363 (1897). 25. N. rufibes, Curtis, Brit. Ent. Vol. 6, p. 254 (1830). Europe centrale et sud. rufipes, Chaudoir, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Vol. 3, p. 439 (1844); Schaum, Nat. Ins, Deutschl. Vol. r, p. 67 (1860); Putzeys, L'Abeille, Vol. 19, p. 26 (1885); Ganglbauer, Kaf. Mitteleur. p. 118 (1892). — semipunctatus, var. Y, Duftschmidt, Fauna Austr. Vol. 2, p. 190 (1805). — fulvipes, Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Vol. 1, p. 12 (1865). 26. N. semenowii, Tschitschérine, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. Vol. 36, p. r16 Asie centrale. (1900). semenowii, Semenow, Rev. Ent. Russe, Vol. 4, D33r3. 27. N. semiopacus, Eschscholtz, Zool. Atl. Vol. 5, p. 25, pl. 25, f. 6(1833). Orégon, Californie. semiopacus, Putzeys, Mém. Soc. Sc. Liége, p. 166 (1866); Crotch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 5, p. 247 (1876); Schoupp, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. p. 3o (1878); Fall, Psyche, Vol. 13, p. 91 (1906). 28. N. semistriatus, Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Vol. 2, p. 81 (1823); De la Nouvelle-Angleterre éd. Le Conte, Vol. 2, p. 497; ibidem, Vol. 4, p. 417 (1834); au Nouveau-Mexique. ibidem. Vol. 2, p. 5, 3o. — PI., Fig. 4-5. semistriatus, Harris, Ent. Corr. (Scudder), p. 213 (1869). — confusus, Le Conte, Ann. Lyc. New York, Vol. 4, p. 449 (1848); Putzeys, Mém., Soc. Sc. Liége, p. 166 (1866). — americanus, Harris, Ent. Corr. (Scudder), p. 213 (1869) — sibiricus (nec Motschulsky), Crotch, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. Vol. 5, p. 247 (1876); Schoupp, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. p. 3o (1878). — punctatus (Le Conte), Schoupp, ibidem, p. 3o (1878). 29. N.. simulator, Fall, Psyche, Vol. 13, p. 86 (1906). Colorado, Idaho, Texas. 3o. N. specularis, Bates, Biol. Centr. Amer. Col. p. 19, pl. 2, f. 2 (1881). Mexique, Guatémala. 31. N. sublaevis, Solsky, Fedschenko's Reise Turkestan, Vol. 2 (5), p. 11 Taschkend, Margelan. (1874-76); Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. p. 3or (1872). sublaevis, Reitter, Ent. Nachr. p. 362 (1897); Spaeth, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, T. à p. p. 5 (1899). 6 COLEOPTERA ADEPHAGA 32. N. substriatus, Waterhouse, Ent. Mag. p. 211 (1833). — Pl., Fig. 6-1Il. Allemagne occidentale, Eu- substriatus, Bedel, Faune Col. Bass, Seine, Vol. 1, p. 18(1881-1901); Gangl- rope Sud, Caucase. bauer, Kàf. Mitteleur. p. 119 (1892). — palustris, Stephens, Brit. Ent. Vol. 5, p. 389 (1835). — puncticollis, Küster, Kaf. Eur. Vol. 13, p. 1 (1884-1903). — subopacus, Chaudoir, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, p. 100 (1852). — punctulatus, Schaum, Nat. Ins. Deutschl. Vol. r, p. 65 (1860); Putzeys, Mém. Soc. Sc. Liége, p. 161 (1868); L'Abeille, Vol. 19, p. 27; Water- house, C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. p. 78 (1883); Fairmaire & Laboulbene, Faune Franc. var. biguttatus, Waterhouse, Ent. Mag. p. 210 (1853). '. sylvaticus, Eschscholtz, Zool. Atl. Vol. 5, p. 24, pl. 25, f. 5 (1833). De la Californie à l'Alaska. sylvaticus, Crotch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 5, p. 247 (1876) ; Schoupp, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. p.30 (1878); Fall, Psyche, Vol.13, p.89 (1906). 33.7] -— Espeéece douteuse : — N. cribrilaterus, Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Vol. 37 (2), p. 193. TABLE ALPHABÉTIQUE Les noms des synonymes et des variétés sont entre parentheses. Pages Pages Pages Pages (acuticollis), Putz. 4 (germinyi), Fauv. 5 nemoralis, Fall 4 quadripunctatus, Dej. 5 aeneus, Herbst 3 (newmanni), Wat. 5 (aestuans), Motsch. 5 «hardyi), Putz. 3 (niponicus), Lew. 4 reitteri, Spaeth 5 (americanus), Harr. 5 hauseri, Spaeth 4 nitens, Le C. 4 (retowskii), Reitt. 4 aquaticus, Linné 3 hilaris, Friedr. 4 (nitidulus), Wat. 5 rufipes, Curt 5 (aquaticus, var.), Baudi 4 (hirticollis), Chaud. 5 (nitidus), Wat. 4 (atavus), Friedr. 5 hypocrita, Spaeth 4 Notiophiliens I semenowii, Tschitsch. 5 Notiophilinae I isemiopacus), Eschsch. 5 (bigeminus) Thoms. 5 impressifrons, Mor. 4 Notiophilini I (semipunctatus), Fabr. 3 biguttatus, Fabr 3 interstitialis, Reitt. 4 Notiophilus 3 (semipunctatus), Sturm. 4 (biguttatus), Wat. 6 à (semipunctatus, var Y), borealis, Fall 4 Jakoklewii, T'schitscheog obscurus, Fall 4 Duftschm. 5 (brevis), Wat. 5 4 x orientalis, Chaud. 4 semistriatus, Say 5 breviusculus, Solsky 4 DE 2 (orientalis), Reitt, 4 (semistriatus, var. B), (confusus), Le C. 5 (lateralis), Motsch. 4 E 3 dE MO EMO latcollie Chad. ^ patusteis; Duftschm. 4 Sibipieies Motsch. 3 (laticollis Eti ^ (palustris), Steph. 6 (sibiricus), Crotch 5 daniel EReHth ^ BEP Nic 5 (palustris, var. £j, Putz. 4 simulator, Fall 5 (dauricus), Motsch. 3 (latus) Was ^ (parallelus), Wat. 5 specularis, Bat. 5 (davisii), Wat. 5 (longipennis , Putz. 5 (parvulus Watts 3 (striatus), Wat. 4 (dybowskyi), Lomn. 3 (porrectus), Say 3 (strigifrons), Baudi 3 marginatus, Géné 4 (pristinus), Friedr. 3 sublaevis, Solsky 5 fasciatus, Màkl. 4 (melanophthalmus), (punctatus), Le C. 3 (subopacus), Chaud. 6 (fasciatus), Reitt. 5 Schloss. 4 (punctatus), Schoupp 5 substriatus, Wat. 6 (fraudulentus), Spaeth 3 (metallicus), Wat. 3 (puncticollis), Küst. 6 sylvaticus, Eschsch. 6 (fulvipes), Motsch. 5 (montanus), Chevr. 4 (punctulatus, Wesm. 5 (punctulatus), Schaum 6 (tibialis), Steph. 5 geminatus, Dej. 4 Nebriini I pusillus, Wat. 5 FAM. CARABIDZE EXPLICATION DE LA PLANCHE Fig. 1. Notiophilus biguttatus, Fabricius. — 2. -— — — larve. — 8. — — — nymphe. — a4 — semistriatus, Say, menton et ligule. — 5 — — — máchoire. — 6. — substriatus, Waterhouse. — 3. — — — corps vu en dessous. — 8. — — -— antenne. -— 165 — — — patte antérieure OQ. — IO. — — — patte moyenne Q9. — II. - — -— patte postérieure. — I2 — danieli, Reitter. — 13. — aquaticus, Linné, var. hardy, Putzeys (type). — I4. — . orientalis, Chaudoir (type). Bruxelles, 15 Janvier 1912. COLEOPTERA GENERA INSECTORUM 70 z "P 7 NUS 6 ) 1 | mavenru 4s, Patte rar Hardvi Pit Nottophilus aquadtcus "n Chawud.(tvpe Votiophilus su s IWaterh JNottophilus Daruel. eitter 7 Notiophilus orierndadis 9 zs 8 N j J U Á A ] N js ) y c. Ü , ) A J / » -— — » m l ; ) / ] "d Á ) j / | | l Á di " ) | « J H j Y "d / S ) A. | | Ü : 1 " Y | 2» kc 7 j N | zx : " | IE N jS Y N : l - N Ve / ! À / V / ) l nt l ?u. — Vo. ; Y QUII FAM. CARABIDXA, SUBFAM.NOTIOPHILINZ. dz (tvpel ) DIET TUM Ns n Pw À ! Pu DURO vn ui 1" 1 Jj DT TUI IN. 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