Ref-Rdy QH70 .U52N41 91 , FOR EDVCATION * FOR THE PEOPL — oe ~) ee! wat or Aeoe - FOR SCIENCE "fips nee {f..- - * * LIBRARY OF. THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY > ‘a he Mea ri ‘ 7 le Se Sy. rd be - Ch oe a . oe —_— oo American Museum of Natural History Seventy-seventh Street and Central Park West, New York City BOARD OF TRUSTEES President Henry FarrrreEtp OsBORN First Vice-President Second Vice-President CLEVELAND H. DopGE J. Prerpont Moraan, JR. Treasurer Secretary CHARLES LANIER ARCHER M. HuNTINGTON THe Mayor or THE City or New YorK THE COMPTROLLER OF THE CiTy OF NEw YorRK THE PRESIDENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PARKS ALBERT 8S. BICKMORE A. D. JUIrLurARD GEORGE 8. BowpboIn Gustav E. KissEet * JoserpH H. CHOATE Seta Low Tuomas DeWitr CuYLEeR OapEN MILLs JAMES DouGLas J. Prerpont MorGan MapIson GRANT Percy R. PYNEe Anson W. Harp WILLIAM ROCKEFELLER ADRIAN ISELIN, JR. JoHN B. TREVOR ARTHUR CuRTISS JAMES FreLtrx M. Warsura Water B. JAMES GreorGE W. WICKERSHAM EXECUTIVE OFFICERS Director Assistant Secretary Freperic A. Lucas GrEorRGE H. SHERWOOD Assistant Treasurer THE UNITED States Trust Company oF New YORK * Deceased Tae Mousevum 1s OPEN FREE TO THE PUBLIC ON Every Day IN THE YEAR. THe AMERICAN Museum or NaTurAt History was established in 1869 to promote the Natural Sciences and to diffuse a general knowledge of them among the people, and it is in cordial} coéperation with all similar institutions throughout the world. The Museum authorities are de- pendent upon private subscriptions and the dues from members for procuring needed additions to the collections and for carrying on explorations in America and other parts of the world. The membership fees are, Annual Members. 30. 2 os. sb oe cs $ 10 Rellowss..¢2 is eos: oe eee $ 500 Sustaining Members (Annual)... ... 25 POtCOUG ec 6 «5 sco oe Cee ee 1000 Tiife Pembhers. nn stacy ss oe eee 100 Benefactors (Gift or bequest) 50,000 Tue Movseum LisraRyY contains more than 60,000 volumes with a good working collection of publications issued by scientific institutions and societies in this country and abroad. The library is open to the public for reference daily — Sundays and holidays excepted — from 9 a. Mm. to 5 P. M. THE Museum PUBLICATIONS are issued in six series: The American Museum Journal, Annual Report, Anthropological Papers, Bulletins, Guide Leaflets and Memoirs. Information concerning their sale may be obtained at the Museum Library. GUIDES FOR Stupy oF EXHIBITS are provided on request by the Department of Public Education. Teachers wishing to bring classes should write or telephone the Department for an appointment, specifying the collection to be studied. Lectures to classes may also be arranged for. In all cases the best results are obtained with small groups of children. WORKROOMS AND STORAGE COLLECTIONS may be visited by persons presenting membership tickets. The storage collections are open to all persons desiring to examine specimens for special study. Applications should be made at the information desk. Tue MitrLta RESTAURANT in the east basement is reached by the elevator and is open from 12 to 5 on all days except Sundays. Afternoon Tea is served from 2 to 5. The Mitla Room is of unusual interest as an exhibition hall being an exact reproduction of temple ruins at Mitla, Mexico. Scientific Staff DIRECTOR Freperic A, Lucas, Sc.D. GEOLOGY AND INVERTEBRATE PALAIONTOLOGY Epmunp Otis Hovey, A.B., Ph.D., Curator MINERALOGY L. P. Gratacap, Ph.B., A.B., A.M., Curator GeorGe F. Kunz, A.M., Ph.D., Honorary Curator of Gems INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY Prof. Henry E. Crampton, A.B., Ph.D., Curator Roy W. Miner, A.B., Assistant Curator Frank E. Lutz, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Assistant Curator L. P. Graracap, Ph.B., A.B., A.M., Curator of Mollusca WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER, Associate Curator of Lepidoptera JoHN A. GrRossBEck, Assistant Prof. Witt1samM Morton WHEELER, fn.U., Honorary Curator of Social Insects ALEXANDER PETRUNKEVITCH, Ph.D., Honorary Curator of Arachnida Prof. AARoN L. TREADWELL, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Honorary Curator of Annulata CHARLES W. LENG, B.S., Honorary Curator of Coleoptera ICHTHYOLOGY AND HERPETOLOGY Prof. BasHrorp Deran, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Curator of Fishes and Reptiles Louis Hussaxor, B.S., Ph.D., Associate Curator of Fishes Joun T. Nicuous, A.B., Assistant Curator of Recent Fishes Mary Cynrata Dickerson, B.S., Assistant Curator of Herpetology MAMMALOGY AND ORNITHOLOGY Prof. J. A. Auten, Ph.D., Curator Frank M. CuHapman, Curator of Ornithology Roy C. Anprews, A.B., Assistant Curator of Mammalogy W. De W. Miter, Assistant Curator of Ornithology VERTEBRATE PALHONTOLOGY Prof. Henry Farrrietp Ossorn, A.B., Sc.D., LL.D., D.Sc., Curator Emeritus W. D. Matruew, Ph.B., A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Curator WALTER GRANGER, Associate Curator of Fossil Mammals Barnum Brown, A.B., Associate Curator of Fossil Reptiles WiuuiaM K. Grecory, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Assistant Curator ANTHROPOLOGY Cuark Wissuer, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Curator Puiny E. Gopparp, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Associate Curator Rosert H. Lowi, A.B., Ph.D., Assistant Curator HERBERT J. SPINDEN, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Assistant Curator CHARLES W. Mean, Assistant ALANSON SKINNER, Assistant PHYSIOLOGY Prof. Ratepa W. Tower, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Curator PUBLIC HEALTH Prof. CHARLES-Epwarp Amory WINstow, S8.B., M.S., Curator JoHN Henry O’NEILL, 8.B., Assistant WOODS AND FORESTRY Mary Cynruia Dickerson, B.S., Curator BOOKS AND PUBLICATIONS Prof. Rautpa W. Towser, A.B., A.M., Ph.D., Curator PUBLIC EDUCATION Prof. AuBerT S. Bickmore, B.S., Ph.D., LL.D., Curator Emeritus GrorGce H. SHerwoop, A.B., A.M., Curator moysuyyse A Ve [OUdeD jeuoneN oy9 10 uredg Jo [eMoosy oy} WoAO ABP-0F POM OY UT Surpymq Aue ueYy sJOFrvy oq TIM YOM ‘oangon.ys pojolduros oy} JOJ pousisop sue YSU] UL STYD TIIM O[GQeaBdWOo SsepRdBy UAVYIAOU PUT UIOISOM “WIOJSUHT “AOMOJ OF JOMO} WHOS JOOJ OTL SOUNSvOUL YOTYM opRdey WOYQNOY oY) SI STYAL, “ANVYS “S "N LNSGISSYd AG p/Bl NI GiIV1 SVM S3NOLS YSNHOO SHL HOIHM JO AHOLSIH TWHNLYN 4O WNSSNW NVOINSWYV SHI Us! irs a 3 i too & = — ~~ == dae - So Er fe hh L \ ae Ms : ah ai ee Ose tigige dade ee na a Cpe Oe 1s moh “+ a sinig'ain an ain a DOIN. Sf Fi = in - hi ae a ae eames = ‘ GENERAL GUIDE TO THE f O*Ph sg ‘1f) Exhibition Halls AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Prepared by GEORGE H. SHERWOOD Curator of Public Education is Sb Abvsige NO. 35 OF THE GUIDE LEAFLET SERIES OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY MARY CYNTHIA DICKERSON, Editor New York. Published by the Museum. November, 1911 . ' 43 | CONTENTS INDE OF FOXHIBITION TALES... ..o. 55% coos Cee ee ee eee INTRODUCTION: wis lou oh es SO ee ae ae History of the Museum Location Hours of Admission Administration and Support First FLoor Statue of Morris ‘Kio Jesup... ie i eee se eee al cass oe ee ee NEOTOOTIbES inc Pee tee Miodel.-of: Solar Syston tic sie vo. cts hey See eee oes Indians of the North Pacifie Coast (South Central Wing)........ Indians of British Columbia and Alaska; Eskimo Collections Mural Decorations Auditorium. (Central Pavilion): 25.) Sie as 2 ee Power Room. (West ‘Central: Wing) 2.550. oa ek ee Ward-Coonley Meteorites (West Corridor).................... Indians of the Woodlands (Southwest Wing).................. Including all tribes east of the Mississippi: Iroquois, New York Indians, Seminole, Menomini, Winnebago, Cree, Ojibwa and Delaware Indians of the Plains (Southwest Pavilion)................... Comprising tribes between the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains: Cree, Dakota, Crow, Blackfoot, Mandan, Pawnee, Kiowa and Cheyenne Chea ee 24 Sedentary Indians: Rio Grande Pueblo, Prehistoric Pueblo Bonito, Hopi, Indians ‘of the: Southwest West. Wing)... 0). aa. ohn eae ee Prehistoric Cliff Dwellers and Zuni; Nomadic Indians: Apache, Navajo, Pima and Mexican Indians Polar Expeditions (Mast “Cortidorie nic... 0 aah cl eee eee Jesup Collection of North American Woods (Southeast Wing)... . Darwin Hall: Invertebrates (Southeast Pavilion).............. The series in the alcove cases gives a synopsis of the Animal Kingdom and includes Protozoa, Sponges, Polyps, Flatworms, Roundworms, Roti- fers, Sea-mats, Starfish, Annelids, Arthropods, Mollusks and Verte- brates SECOND FLOOR Astronomiéal Clock (South Payiion) 0.0 wove esas 2s ake Mammals: (South. Pavilion): io n.o0%. 32 oe ibe ke. Sa coe ee ne Dogs, small carnivores, the Barbary Lion *‘Hannibal’’ and the elephant mp yf Us| 0 fey Natural History..Readifie’ Roonis~: 4... 6672.02, acs elon 2 ee Children’s Room.) fen 2ee ee Wel. a Bee Page Plains Ww bo CONTENTS Ancient Monuments of Mexico and Central America (Southwest Wing) Prehistoric Man of North America (Southwest Pavilion)............. (Supscnrone. trons Animes, CVV ERG Wit). coe Ss Ov baila cede cue cee dees The hippopotamus ‘‘Caliph”’ Congo Collections Biseececine World (south Central Wine) oj ou cc duce cc ceed ew odele ous Recent Fishes (Corridor of Central Payilion)..........00.....0.c0000. Mammals of North America (Southeast Wing)...................... Mammals of the Polar Regions (Southeast Pavilion)................. Reptiles and Amphibians (Southeast Pavilion)...................... Turrp FLOOR Monkeys, Apes and Primitive Man (South Pavilion)................. Rae ert AGHLY Pin Ieee NTO Ny cols a eB) cakes tack oS ls edge Cal pha d ier heus Sue 0s Moran Agianiwe Right Whale (South Pavilion). ... 0... 20. cence bee Habitat Groups of North American Birds (South Central Wing)........ Dees senips CW CSL COGrIGOr oo. vi ey ees se ER vs aie a a etre vo Indians of South America (Southwest Wing)....:2...............000. Chinese and Siberian Collections (Southwest Pavilion)................ se YELL SA GONG OS IETS ae aes ony SUE Wr REE ce eee ee Mammais or ane World (Southeast Win@).o. 0.20 ise oo. So a Dk Pill aseete nile (SOMUNeAShO eaVIMOD a4 om. . woe eee nla. vues oe FourtuH FLoor Marevne on HOSeM OV ertGOhatess oa.% fursa 20k hs be poke oe eae On Morale stikebizearda (VW est WOreidor)). cunt. 8 oooh ho ok ee ne Mastodons and: Mammoths: (South Pavilion), 07... 6. .0..0.... 5.5. pelegnns Grrorses (SOUL, Pavilloi) scsi. sak vir cate Week etek Fossil Mammals of the Tertiary Period (Southeast Wing)............. Fossil Reptiles and Fishes (Southeast Pavilion).................0.0. 00. Geology and Invertebrate Paleontology (South Central Wing)........ ems ana Precious Stones: (West Corridor): 0) 2). oe 28 68 oa POEM Rar ENTER CSL VV INC). aba create oc, Ss aks woke os cas aes na emake « Collections from the Pacific Islands (Southwest Pavilion).............. Canuecuons iromthe Philippines (West Wing). 0.0) ese. as. oe: Firta FLoor ELS DLT SS a UO ea oe 2k 8S aap ape Rt, ee te a 7 Page 39 Al 41 > Or Ot Ot or ~J] Ot OU Or PREFATORY NOTE It is the purpose of this Gurpe to call attention to the more important exhibits that the visitor will see as he passes through the halls. More detailed information regarding the specimens may be obtained from the labels or from the Guide Leaflets. It is frequently necessary to rearrange the exhibits in the halls in order to provide space for new material which is continually being received or to put into effect advanced ideas regarding methods of exhibition. In some instances therefore, the arrangement described is not wholly that in existence at the date of issue of the Guipg, but rather what will be when certain installations now in progress are com- pleted. This is true for the halls devoted to geology and invertebrate paleontology and to some extent in the exhibit of the Indians of the Woodlands and in those of local mammals, mammals of the world and insects. The sergeants on’ each floor will always direct the visitor to any collection on the given floor AMERICAN Museum or Naturau History, November, 1911. WEST CENTRAL CENTRAL WING | PAVILION aE SOUTH WEST CENTRAL WING = WING =12 Ya =i UTHWEST x SOUTH =<] SOUTHEAST THWEST S = ar S SOUTHEAST WING PAVILION = PAVILION 2 PAVILION The halls are named according to the position they will have in the completed Museum building, which will consist of four long facades facing east, west, north and south respectively, each connected with the center of the quadrangle formed, by a wing extending between open courts. ‘Thus the hall at the eastern end of the south facade (the only facade completed) becomes the ‘‘southeast pavilion.”’ 8 INDEX OF EXHIBITION HALLS Administrative Offices Africa, Collections Beets Location in Museum . Fifth Floor, Second Floor, South Pavilion...... West -VWiIMk. icc... > Ancient Monuments. iWetice a Grnteal Rynaries. Second Floor, Southwest Wing. Asia, Collections from. . Auditorium. . Birds, Local. . Birds of earth iberion (Habitat Groans). merce Birds of the World... Pr IWOOMY TOM GOO. he a sler 0 Cas sae din es bok awe Children's Room... Darwin Hall.. ees eS Eskimo Collections. . Fishes, Recent. . hee ER eee Forestry, North cece Fossil Fishlike Lizards. . Fossil Invertebrates. . BN PAS Fossil Mammals (ainda). « : Fossil Mammals (Horses, Cama Beye Fossil Reptiles and Fishes. . Gems and Precious Stones........ 22.6 6... es Geology, Historical . Indians of South faeries Indians of the Plains.. MNGiaTmseOt THE: SOULLWESU:. «.. Ssc.cccccke suc kw cata ces incuanstor the’ Woodlands:..:.% 6.6 6 s..6¢ clea ns Information Bureau.. Insects. . Invertebrates. . Jesup @allection of North ERE woods Tees Library. . aerate : Mammals of iaortis eee Mammals of the Polar eee aoe iananaalssOfaulhe WV Orld.< «<< ela 2k sede se ee MESON MEALS ee a a ck. Sham ls ee Meteorites. . Meteorites, Ward: @oonled: Minerals. . F Monkeys, Ree NEAL Prime Mies Natural History Reading Room............... Philippine Collections. . Polar Expeditions. . Prehistoric Man of North eee Bretdebnd Maiphibienes, 0 ee Rodents... . Shells. . Solar System, “Wedel oft South Sea Island Gollechiames On rake VLCC SR aes eee tae Sg ie) ee ergs eee ee Ae ye Fee eee Mab hizo toy EM Fava rice OSU SGT EOUNE SUY ! r r First Floor, .. First Floor, .. First Floor, .. First Floor, echt te HOO... a bird EHOOr: .. First Floor, .First Floor, .. Fifth Floor, ..Second Floor, .. Second Floor, ..Second Floor, .. Third Floor, .. First Floor, . .- Hirst Floor, ... First Floor, ... Fourth Floor, .. Third Floor, . Second Floor, ... Fourth Floor, .. First Floor, .Second Floor, ..Second Floor, ...Third Floor, see ubirdshloor. .. First Floor, ..Fourth Floor, .. Third Floor, Southwest Pavilion... , Second Floor, South Pavilion .. First Floor, .. Third Floor, .Third Floor, .Second Floor, Second Floor, ... Second Floor, .. First Floor, . First Floor, .. First Floor, ...second Floor, .. First Floor, ...Fourth Floor, ..Fourth Floor, ..Fourth Floor, ... Fourth Floor, .. Fourth Floor, . Fourth Floor, ...Fourth Floor, al Ritts SRR ee eed Di atria’s ipl EN Koya} Indians of the North Paeiic Goast Renter sends Central Pavilion. . Southeast Wing..... West Corridor... .... South Central Wing. South Pavilion...... Southeast Wing..... Southeast Pavilion. . West Corridor..:.... South Central Wing. Southwest Wing.... South Central Wing. Southwest Pavilion. . BVVICS GWA se iene, oe Southwest Wing.... Southeast Pavilion. . Southeast Pavilion. . Southeast Wing..... West Corridor...... South Pavilion...... Southeast Wing..... Southeast Pavilion. . Southeast Wing..... South Pavilion...... South Pavilion...... West Corridor... ... Southwest Wing..... South Pavilion...... South Pavilion...... Wiese Wintire. 6 oc. East Corridor....... Southwest Pavilion.. Southeast Pavilion. . South Pavilion...... West Wing.:....... South Pavilion...... Southwest Pavilion. . Southeast Wing..... Central Pavilion. ... West Corridor...... South Central Wing. South Central Wing. South Pavilion...... South Pavilion...... Southeast Pavilion. . West Central Wing. South Central Wing. Page 94 41 39 69 35 18 64 57 43 36 36 29 18 a Wy 4 44 28 74 87 74 77 81 91 87 65 16 23 24 19 13 71 29 28 94 35 45 49 70 13 14 18 91 55 36 93 28 41 ol 55 69 14 oT Te][o9 84D YIBoUVG Yood wos soy oy X YFnoayy dn 4yiaq tunosnyy of) JO AUepuedepul powaoddns st suog XIS-AQUY JO FYSIOM S.o9TIOOQoUL OU, ‘M4AOK OdBY ABOU JSkOD PURTUVeIH OYA UO saBok JO spuesno yy eJo19U0D JO [eIsopod pros B UO Surpying MOK MON OF FF IYBnNOIG Aavog Pearupy pure Ajqeqoad Joy upey pey at etoyM agraoojow SIU} PodOAOOSIP SOWUTYSS,E OU, NMON-M 3LINOSLIUW ISSIAV3SH GNV LS39NVI ZHL * ,OLIHSINHY, GENERAL GUIDE TO THE MUSEUM INTRODUCTION HE American Museum of Natural History was founded and incor- porated in 1869 for the purpose of establishing a Museum and Library of Natural History; of encouraging and developing the study of Natural Science; of advancing the general knowledge of kindred : subjects and to that end, of furnishing popular instruction. History - ; j ‘ ; For eight years its temporary home was in the Arsenal in Central Park. The corner stone of the present building in Manhattan Square was laid in 1874 by President U. S. Grant, and in 1877 the first sec- tion (South Central Pavilion) was completed. The Museum is located at 77th Street and Central Park West, and can be reached by the Sth or 9th Avenue surface cars, the 6th or 9th Avenue elevated to 81st Street station, or by the subway to 72nd or 79th Street station. The Museum is open free every day in the year; on week days from 9 A.M. to 5 P. M., Location Hours of Admission i : ‘ on Sundays from | to 5 P. M. The Museum building is one of the largest municipal structures in the City, and has cost approximately $5,000,000. The South Fagade is 710 feet in length; the total area of the floor space is 470,789 square feet, or about 10 acres, of which 271,886 square feet are open to the public. The building when completed is designed to occupy all of Manhattan Square. The Museum is under the control of a self-perpetuating Board of Trus- Administra- tees, which has absolute controi of all property of the Museum tion and and the entire direction of its activities. The Trustees give Support their services without remuneration. The Museum building is erected by the City and leased to the Trustees. The Museum derives its chief financial support from four sources: 1. The City, which provides annually an appropriation ($189,757 in 1911) for the maintenance of the building and the exhibition of the collec- tions. Such appropriations are not available however for purchase of specimens, carrying on of field work or publication of scientific papers. 2. Endowment, a total of $2,365,750 (1911), which yields an annual income of $109,540. 3. Membership, there being at present more than 2000 Members each contributing annually $10 or more for the support of the Museum. Mem- bership fees total approximately $25,000 per year, and are used for the purchase of specimens, for exploration and for publication. 4. Voluntary contributions of Trustees and other friends of the Museum, which are more than $80,000 for the year 1911. 11 MEMORIAL STATUE OF MORRIS K. JESUP Mr. Jesup, President of the American Museum of Natural History for more than a quarter of a century, was a staunch supporter of the institution’s two aims, to be a great educational insti- tution for the people and also a center for activity in scientific research 12 NORIAN ENGINE ROOM AUDITORIUM ESKIMO Zs ) cS) eel : pce Reet: them live a free, active life. They are aquatic, more abundant in fresh water. The sea-mats in Alcove 7 are plant animals which lead the colonial form of life. The majority of the species are marine, although Alcove 7 eae a few occur in fresh water. The lamp shells shown in this alcove superficially resemble clams, but by structure are more closely related :to the worms and starfishes. Alcove 8 is occupied by the starfishes, the sea urchins, sea cucumbers and sea lilies. The starfish is the pest of the oyster beds as Alcove 8 : ; Starfish it feeds on oysters and destroys them in large numbers. Starfish have the power of self-mutilation, i. e. when handled or attacked they are able to drop off an arm and later regenerate another. Sea urchins are an important article of food in Europe and the West Indies. The annelids are worms whose bodies are made up of rings or segments. They are inhabitants of both fresh and salt water, many kinds living in the mud and sand of the shore while others bore into wood and shells. The “houses” that these an- nelids build are often very beautiful and interesting. The common earth- worm is perhaps the most familiar of this group. In the window 1s a group showing a section of a mud flat on the New England coast with the variety of worm life found in what to the casual observer seems to be an uninhabited area. Arthropods include the familiar crabs, lobsters, insects and their relatives. The number of existing species in this group is greater than pee that of all the rest of the animal and vegetable kingdoms Arthropods together. No other group comprises so many species useful or harmful to man. In the case in the center of the alcove is a model Sr ebassans showing the anatomy of the common lobster, also enlarged aa models showing heads of various species of insects. On the Insects wall are two of the largest specimens of lobsters that have ever been taken. They weighed when alive thirty-one and thirty-four pounds respectively. The largest of the arthropods is the giant crab of Japan a specimen of which is placed on the wall. This group is second only to the arthropods in the vast number and Alcove 9 Annelids 7 —S OS” ae ee aon al a ih 7 To. Tse \ 32 FIRST FLOOR, SOUTHEAST PAVILION diversity of forms which it embraces, including marine, fresh water and a ee land animals. All mollusks have soft bodies, but nearly all of cove ues tis sate them secrete a shell which in many species is of pearly - Mollusks & any species is of pea ) mate rial (mother-of-pearl). Well-known examples of this group are the common clam and oyster and enlarged models in the Model of center case show the anatomy of these species. The largest Clam and Fae a ; Cs Oyster species is the huge “bear’s paw”’ or furbelowed clam of the ‘astern seas. Vertebrates include the largest, most powerful and most intelligent of animals. The group culminates in man who still bears witness to his chordate ancestry in the retention of a chorda and gill clefts during embryonic life. The models in the Alcove 12 Vertebrates central case show the development of the egg of typical vertebrates. An exceptionally large specimen of beautiful madrepore coral is in the case near the entrance, and the associations of marine life that may be found among the coral reefs of the Bahamas are represented by several smaller groups in the center of the hall. Certain of the groups in this section of the hall illustrate various biological principles Coral associated with the name of Darwin. The variation in form, size and color of the snail and the variation of the shell of the common scallop are graphically shown. Anopheles. Culex BODY AT AN ACUTE ANGLE T0 THE SURFACE BODY PARALLEL TO THE SURFACE ON WHICH THE INSECT RESTS. ON WHICH THE INSECT RESTS. Characteristic resting positions of malarial and common mosquitoes Four large models in the center of the hall show the mosquito which is the cause of the spread of malaria. These models represent Models of the insect enlarged seventy-five diameters or in volume four the Malarial hundred thousand times the natural size. The mosquito in REDO development undergoes a metamorphosis. The model at the left shows the aquatic larval stage; the larvee are the “wrigglers”’ of our rain water barrels. The next model is the pupal stage, also aquatic. The third model is of the adult male mosquito which is harmless since it never bites man. The fourth model shows the adult female mosquito in the attitude of biting. In another case is a series of models showing the life cycle of the malarial germ in the blood of man and in the mosquito. [Return to the elevators. | THE “BIG TREE’’ OF CALIFORNIA On the west wall of Darwin Hall are sections of the coast redwood and Big Tree of California. The tags on the latter indicate historical events that occurred during the life of the tree. [See Guide Leaflet No. 8] This individual Big Tree which was 300 feet high grew for 1341 years, from 550 to 1891, when it was cut and brought to the Museum. It was nearly a thousand years old when Columbus came to America and more than a thousand when Harvey discovered the circulation of the blood This largest, oldest, most majestic tree in the world exists only in ten small forests — groves they should almost be called — on the western slope of the Sierras. The trees are in large part under government control, sO may continue to live through several generations of men 33 as ower ot) squosoidoa WOOT} dO0104s D114 0 UB WWOdJ WROd Bu01}s V ‘aqo|s QOOJ-anoy WY ‘SuOSBOS OY} JO WOISSedONsS 949 JO puv uns of WOJy Yeoy pur 44ST] “UNS OF PUNOAV OATOADIO} PUB SIX” SIT UO 049010 POVR[NFAoI St ‘YIavoe OLY AOJ Surpurys OUT? [ROOT JO SOOUDAO YIP 949 JO “4Qysru pue Aep Jo osnvo oy} ABOlO SOMVUL YIGIYXO SIU, HYO9O010 IVOINONOUYLSVY JHL re NORTH GALLERY OF ibaa § LABORATORIES [7 PREPARATION ECENT FISHES =. wpa % $ ey Se See cast Wy — (e) Su a6 < ° U —y— TE nw LEGASTRONOMICAL BLE MAMMALS “= Ceoeye ANCIENT MONUMENTS CLOCK MAMMALS OF = NORTH OF MEX.1CO e OF POLAR + & CENTRAL AMERICA NORTH AMERICA ION © AMERICA REG MAMMALS we ———e =e | eee 2 3 4 —— = re = oo —_— = . Elevators SOUTH ps Children’s Room Room for the Blind Natural History Reading Room Office of Department of Public Education Or ee SECOND FLOOR SOUTH PAVILION MAMMALS Passing to the left from the elevator we enter the South Pavilion includ- ing the Mammals, and also in the center an astronomical clock. This is a model illustrating the movements of the earth and designed to tell the time of day. Full explanation is found on the label. Astronomi- cal Clock The various breeds of domesticated dogs are shown in the case on the east wall. This collection illustrates the variations which a species may undergo in domestication. The dog has been the companion Dogs ae: : ; of man from the very earliest time, but he is believed to have been derived from several wild species. [His remains are found in the shell heaps of primitive man.| The case contains such divergent types as the tiny toy spaniel, which can easily he in one’s hand, and the powerful St. Bernard which has rescued many travelers in the Alps; the hairless dog of Mexico and the shaggy collie useful in tending sheep. From this case passing to the right around the hall, we find the small carnivores including the weasels, ferrets, ermine, and the foxes and bears. The next case contains the members of the cat family — the lions, tigers, 35 : ‘ - Oe 36 SECOND FLOOR, SOUTH PAVILION leopards and wild cats. The specimen of the Barbary lion was presented -_ alive to the New York Zodlogical Society by the daughter of paced) apr Mr. Andrew Carnegie, and after its death was sent to the Museum. It is a good example of what can be done in mounting an animal by modern methods of taxidermy. In the cases on the north wall are mounted specimens of the American bison with skeletons near for comparison. The Asiatic elephant is the famous “Tip” which was brought to this country in 1881, Elephant ; : _ ; “Tip” and for seven years was one of the attractions of Forepaugh’s circus. He was given to the City of New York by Mr. Forepaugh and lived in the Central Park Menagerie until 1894, when because of his treacherous disposition it was found necessary to kill him. He is said to have caused the death of several of his keepers, and was twenty- three years old when killed. In a corridor to the left of the astronomical clock as we approach from the elevator are the Natural History Reading Room, the Children’s Room and the Room for the Blind. . In the Natural History Reading Room are placed popular books on natural history and especially books descriptive of the col- Natural Bils- lections in the exhibition halls. The visitor is invited to tory Reading ras make use of these books. The main library consisting of more than 70,000 volumes on natural science, is on the fifth floor, open free to the public from 9 4. M. to 5 p. M. daily, except Sundays and_ holidays. The Children’s Room is designed to arouse interest in natural history and outdoor life. The room is open regularly on Wednesday and Saturday. The Room for the Blind contains specimens of animals and of Indian implements which can easily be handled and _ there- fore are suitable for examination by the blind. The labels are printed in raised type in both Braille and New Children’s Room Room for the Blind York point. IoVd[Nos euTue ue Aq OJI] WOA poTOPOU UTYTUVUT B JOAO pojuUNoU SVM UPS OL ALBINOS TWOIDOTOO0Z HYOA MAN SHL AG WNASNW JAHL OL 14S1ID V ..“IVESINNVH,, NOI) AY¥VEuVE 8 Joddoo pue pod ‘opef ur syoofqo your Aueu pue ‘Ae Ul poyIoOM soinsy pue A10990d ‘souojs yeyiors JO SISBO “SPOOL SV BlOIS 9YI pooeldod so97R] VEYF SYOO( OYL[IVYD 40 sSoorpoo OsTeR ‘fsouly URIquINJoD-oad Ul SJUDAO Fulyesowouuo0s Ajqeqoid pue ouo0 js YUBOJOA WOdJ POAT SJUOTUNUOW JO ‘aloqs JuofouR JO sjsvo AUB Bulswduiod uopyooy[[oo Vv ADOTOSVHONVY NVOINSWVY IVYLNSO GNV NVOIXSW 4O TIVH 4 a P) ‘ * f F. of 7" =F SOUTHWEST WING ANCIENT MONUMENTS OF MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA Continuing west from the South Pavilion containing the astronomical clock, we pass through the West Corridor which is reserved for the exhibits of the Department of Anatomy and Physiology and the Department of Public Health and enter the Southwest Wing devoted chiefly to ancient monuments from Mexico and Central America. From the entrance to the middle of the hall are collections from South America and Yucatan. The rear of the hall contains material from Mexico. The reproductions illustrate chiefly the sculpture of Mayan and Nahuatl cultures and are the gift of the Duke of Loubat. The material of the Mayan culture comprises plaster casts of the ancient stone monu- ments, or stele and altar stones, the stone and obsidian tools used to carve them, stone sculptures found in excavations and ruined buildings of the ancient city of Copan, and pottery of various designs. At the left of the entrance are two cases of pottery, jade and stone work from Costa Rica and Panama, evidently marking a lower type of civilization. The casts of the large stone pillars are taken from the ancient stele, and which probably were erected as monuments and some of which are standing even to-day. Returning to the center of the hall and going back to the east entrance, we see reproductions of stelee from Copan arranged in order from the oldest and crudest form to a Stelz 39 A room ¢ s2um’s Me taurant, ar restoration ruins at M rs 40 SECOND FLOOR, SOUTHWEST WING higher and finer type of carving, covering a space of time of two or three hundred years. This arrangement applies only to the row of casts on either side, not to the two large central models, nor to the side exhibits. The early stele of about 100 A. D. have hieroglyphs carved in very low relief and with sharp corners, while the hieroglyphs of the later period are cut deeper and in more rounded relief. In the earlier stelee human figures are ‘arved in a crude blocklike manner, with protruding eyes and angular limbs. Students of this subject have been able to decipher a large part of these hieroglyphs and figures which give dates and reckonings. The monolithic monuments mark the first period of Mayan culture. The large altar stone to the left of the entrance is also of the first period and is perhaps the finest and most perfectly preserved specimen of which we have a reproduction. It represents a double-headed monster which had religious significance. Altar Stone The second period of Mayan culture was more architectural in style and the art was a higher type, as is evidenced by the profile work in the reproductions of the carvings from the temples at Palenque shown on the north side of the hall. On the south wall another example of the art of this period is the copy of the painted sculpture from the “Temple of the Jaguars” at Chichen-Itza, Yucatan. It shows warriors in procession going to worship some god and their prayers are represented as coming from their lips. This sculpture shows strong evidence of Mexican influence in certain of its details. Next in order is the Nahuatl culture, which is represented in the alcove ‘ases by ancient pottery, musical instruments, copper objects, and orna- ments made of obsidian and jade. The Nahua language was spoken by many of the tribes of Mexico and of these the Aztecs inhabited only the City of Mexico. One case contains facsimile reproductions of ancient entice books called codices which were made of deerskin, paper or cloth. These were historical, religious or civil records and the Spanish burned hundreds of them in their efforts to destroy the native religion. The so-called sacrificial stone or the “Stone of Tizoc”’ has carved around it records of Aztec conquests of various cities. The “Calendar Stone”’ on the south wall, was found in the City of Mexico and the original is now in the museum of that city. Other culture areas in Mexico are shown by the names Tarascan, Zapo- tecan, etc. The Tarascan is situated mostly in the states of Michoacan Calendar Stone and Jalisco. The most interesting objects from this area are funeral urns which represent men and women in their every- day dress. The modeling is very peculiar. The Zapotecan culture area is situated in Southern Mexico and the most famous ruins are Funeral Urns COLLECTIONS FROM AFRICA 4] Mitla and Monte Alban. . —=—S | \ > * 4 rs Eth \ ‘ . ber se ee WW _? (A —_— _— "oC - _— ——55-—>—__. _ ~~ oN = ae 5 SF —— _ THE VIRGINIA DEER Line drawing from the mounted specimen. This Virginia doe stands as the first example in the Museum of the new methods of animal sculpture as opposed to the old taxidermy Another fur-bearing animal shown is the muskrat. In the group are seen its summer home, usually a burrow in the bank of a { Muskrat : ; F | stream or pond, and its winter mound, constructed of swamp | grass and roots mixed with mud. Muskrats are extensively trapped for | their fur. | The woodchuck or ground hog is a vegetable feeder but does very little harm to crops. It hibernates for a large part of the year usually from September to April. The old legend says that 4 the ground hog comes out of his hole on the second of February and if it is bright and he sees his shadow, he goes back into his hole for Hares and ; Sicrerlieete six weeks longer and we may expect more cold weather. Other groups represent the varying hare and the common species of squirrels. . Woodchuck In the central section of the hall is a group of moose. It represents an early autumn scene in a secondgrowth forest in New Brunswick, and illus- trates one of the favorite feeding grounds of the moose. Beyond the moose exhibit are species of mammals found within fifty miles of New York City, namely Virginia deer, the otter and the wild cat or lynx. The buffalo group gives a typical bit of the prairie traversed by buffalo trails, while the members of the herd represent different stages of growth of the buffalo. This is the animal which formerly roamed in countless numbers over the western plains but which is now reduced to a few insignificant herds. 48 Moose Group Bison Group MAMMALS OF POLAR REGIONS 49 On the south side of the hall are displayed the cloven-hoofed animals of North America. These include sheep, musk ox, caribou, Antelope collared peccary and various species of deer. At the extreme Group " end of the hall is a group of antelope showing the manner in which they wander across the plains. This animal possesses the power to raise or lower at will the long hairs on the rump in such a manner that the light is reflected as from a mirror, and by this flashing the animal is said to signal approaching danger. On the north side of the hall are shown the rodents and carnivores. [See Guide Leaflet No. 5.| SOUTHEAST PAVILION 1. MAMMALS OF THE POLAR REGION 2. REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS Proceeding eastward beyond the antelope group we enter the Southeast Pavilion containing the boreal animals of North Fur Seal America and at Group the extreme east of the hall the exhibit of reptiles and amphibians. At the en- trance is shown a family of fur seals as it appears in one of the seal rookeries in the Pribilof Islands. During the breeding season the fur seals, from which is obtained the sealskin of commerce, congregate in their island rookeries in great numbers and have been so hunted by man that they are threatened with extinction. A YOUNG SEAL OF THF FUR SEAL GROUP Grant’s Grant’s caribou inhabit the barren ground of the extreme Caribou western end of the Alaskan peninsula. The type specimen of Group this species is in the Museum. The mountain sheep inhabit the more inaccessible mountain regions of the West from the northern part of Mexico to the shores of the Arctic ocean. It is probable that they originated in the mountains of Central Asia and spread through Siberia into the American continent. The geographic variation of the mountain sheep of North America is shown on the section of a globe near the group. [See Guide Leaflet No. 5.] Mountain Sheep Group AYV3d IVYINOVY AS WNASnNW SHL YOd G3aYuyNOFS YVAE YV10d Vv 0 c REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS 51 At the right is a large wall case group of the Atlantic walrus. These Walrus huge mammals are relatives of the seals, inhabit the waters Group of the far north and are still fairly abundant along the shores of Greenland. The seal and walrus are the animals which play such an important part in the life of the Eskimo. From these animals come the prin- cipal food supply, skins for clothing, for fishing and hunting gear, boat covers, and harnesses for dog teams; from bones and tusks are made knives, bows, harpoons, and other hunting and cooking utensils. Polar Bear ,. The polar bear and cubs were secured for the Museum by Admiral Peary. The Roosevelt elk or wapiti inhabits the Coast Range of mountains from British Columbia to northern California. These animals are Roosevelt Elk : Oe é : nearing the verge of extinction through indescribable slaughter although formerly very abundant. The specimens in the musk ox group were collected for the Museum Peary by Admiral Peary in 1896. Musk oxen inhabit the snow- Musk ox covered wastes of the Aretic barrens, living upon willow Group leaves, lichen and bark dug up from under the snow. The collection of reptiles and amphibians is exhibited at the east side of this hall and in the adjoining tower room. Because of the difficulty of preserving the natural covering of many of these animals they are usually exhibited in jars of alcohol. In the specimens on exhibition here the perishable parts have been cast in wax from life; for example in the star tortoise the original “shells” of the specimens are used, while the head, neck and legs are restored in wax. The classification of these animals is shown in the tall cases along the west side of the alcove, the case to the right of the entrance being devoted Reptiles and Amphibians to the amphibians; the others to lizards, snakes, turtles and crocodiles. The mounting not only brings out the principal features of the species exhibited, but in many instances illustrates also some distinctive habit of the animals; for instance the common newt, one of the salamanders, is represented by a series of five life-size casts showing the process of shedding the skin; Pickering’s hyla or the “spring peeper”’ is shown with vocal sacs inflated; the poisonous bushmaster is represented with its eggs, and so on. The groups in the center of the hall represent various reptiles as they appear in their natural haunts. They include the tuberculated iguana, the water moccasin, the diamond-backed rattlesnake, the Texas rattlesnake, the copperhead, the Gila monster, the pine snake, the box tortoise and the common painted turtle. One of the most interesting of the groups isa jungle scene in India show- A PORTION OF THE BULLFROG GROUP Two frogs are engrossed in a chickadee on the birch branch above. The smaller frog seems likely to fall a prey to a black snake ready to strike from the white azalea near The scene is typical of southern New England in July. The frogs and the reptiles are wax casts from lift The various activities of bullfrog life are set forth, with the relations to birds and small mammals, fish, snakes, turtles, insects and snails The metamorphosis from the tadpole is also shown *) — REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS Oo ing a Water monitor, which is the largest of living lizards, the poisonous Russell’s viper and the deadly spectacled cobra, the last with Cobra Group ~~“ hood distended and poised ready to strike. The cobra is said to be the cause of a great majority of the 20,000 deaths which annually occur in India from snake bite. Examine carefully the group of the copper- head snake or “red-eye,” one of the two species of poisonous Copperhead snakes to be found in the vicinity of New York and also the Snake Group group contrasting the harmless water snake with the poison- ous water moccasin of southern cypress swamps. ‘Two groups are devoted to rattlesnakes, which are easily recognized by the string of rattles at the end of the tail, by means of which they give warning before they strike. There are comparatively few species of poisonous snakes in the United States, about sixteen in all, comprising rattlesnakes, the moccasin, copperhead and two kinds of coral snake. All other species are harm- less and in spite of the almost universal prejudice against them are a very use- ful ally of man since they live chiefly on rats, mice and insects injurious to crops. Entering the darkened tower room we Bullfrog Eeoen find a group of unusual inter- est, showing the common bullfrog of North America. The bullfrog’s tongue is fastened in front and the free hinder end can be thrown far out of the mouth to capture insects This group is a study of the bullfrog undisturbed in its typical haunt. It illustrates the changes from the tadpole to the adult frog and shows many of the activities of the frog —its molting, swimming, breathing under water and in air, croaking, and “lying low’’,.before an enemy; also its food habits in relation to small mammals, to birds, snakes, insects, snails, to small fish and turtles. [Return to the elevators.| A DETAIL OF THE FLAMINGO GROUP Neither ‘‘protective coloration’’ nor ‘‘cover’’ can be said to help in the preservation of this species, for the flaming creatures live on bare islands in colonies thousands strong. Their protection lies in their isolation, their shyness and the open character of the haunt which allows them to see long distances 54 NORTH PUBLIC EDUCATION = A Ae a ee E: ‘ uj = jo ; WEST ey zr ae EAST us Ee iF = al & ile > a| 2 fr a @ x 215 BLY MAMMALS oF eat LIVING MONKEYS THE WORLD ee acer fi INDIANS OF APES A as oT Le pce a a : yaa) A s Ucek we 2 wars pee Ee 5 = 4 & ae ke ik ; 1. Elevators 2. Members’ Room THIRD FLOOR SOUTH PAVILION 1. Monkeys, APES AND PRIMITIVE MAN 2. RopENTS The primates, the monkeys and apes of the world, occupy the South eae Pavilion of the third floor, the first hall at the left as one onkeys ; ‘ y turns from the elevators. These animals in structure and and Apes brain capacity resemble man more closely than do any other of the mammals, but while man and the apes have sprung from a common ancestor, in no sense has man descended from the existing apes. A family of orang-utans, the most powerful and most ferocious of the apes, is shown in a case on the south side of the hall. In another case the skeleton of a chimpanzee, “ Mr. Crowley,” and of a gorilla are placed beside a skeleton of a man to allow a study of the similarities in structure. Orang-utan Group On the other side of the hall will be found the bats, the only mammals that really fly, and the hares and other rodents, among which Rodents iat ; ee the rat, mice and squirrels are familiar examples. The rodents are the most numerous and the most widely distributed of the mammals. Suspended from the ceiling in the center of the hall is a skeleton of a North Atlantic right whale which is more than forty feet in length. The 55 9¢ J9V@M JO OST Suynp pojoojo01d snyy pure soeyour uae}.moy 0} ISTO posted ol” Sjsou PNU Oy, “spatq JO pom oY) Ul IYDIs o[qeyxIVulos ysour oY) ST spatq osoyy Jo .4P,, ¥ SVWVHVS SHL NI ANOIO9 OSNIWVIG V Phie ace, oop Pe epee ae pasa ip ke ane) » - ote DUCK HAWK ON PALISADES OF THE HUDSON Realism and artistic effect have been achieved in the ‘‘ Habitat Bird Groups,’’ and they present vividly many stories of adaptation to environment hall also contains small groups showing the nesting habits of a number of our common birds, among them the phalarope, oriole, flycatcher, robin, tanager, vireo and quail. SOUTH CENTRAL WING Brrp Groups Here are the “ Habitat Groups”’ of North American Birds. This unique series of groups shows the habits of some typical American birds in their natural haunts. The groups have been prepared under the immediate direction of Frank M. Chapman, Curator of Ornithology, who collected most of the specimens and made practically all of the field studies necessary for their reproduction. In the course of this collecting, he traveled more than 60,000 miles. The backgrounds are reproductions of specific locali- ties, painted from sketches made by the artist who usually accompanied the naturalist when the field studies for the groups were made. Practically all sections of the country are represented, thus the series not only depicts characteristic bird life of North America but characteristic American 57 5S THIRD FLOOR, SOUTH CENTRAL WING scenery as well. The backgrounds of the groups were painted by Bruce Horsfall, Charles J. Hittell, J. Hobart Nichols, Carl Rungius, W. B. Cox and Louis A. Fuertes. The artificial foliage and flowers were made in the Museum laboratories from material collected in the localities represented. Each group is fully described in the label attached to the case. See also Guide Leaflets No. 28, No. 1 and No. 22. Beginning with the case at the right of the entrance and passing on to the right around the hall, we find the groups arranged in the following sequence: The distribution of birds, notwithstanding their powers of flight, is limited in great measure by climate. Thus in traveling from Panama north to Greenland there are zones of bird life corresponding Orizaba to the zones of temperature. This condition is illustrated Group in the mountain of Orizaba in Mexico, where in traveling from the tropical jungle at its base to its snow clad peak the naturalist finds White pelican from Klamath Lake Group, Oregon. One young bird is illustrating its amusing method of procuring food from its parent’s throat zones of life comparable with those to be found in traveling north on the continent. Thus the Orizaba group so far as the distribution of life is concerned is an epitome of all the groups in the hall. Among our most beautiful and graceful shore birds are the terns and Cobb’s Isl gulls, which (because of their plumage) have been so cease- obb’s Islan lessly hunted and slaughtered for millinery purposes that Group : : now in their breeding places there are only hundreds where formerly there were thousands. ‘The group represents a section of an island i a 2 4 7 off the Virginia coast where the birds are now protected by law. The duck hawk may be found nesting on the Palisades of the Hudson almost within the limits of New York City. It builds nests on the ledges Duck Hawk of the towering cliffs. Group ; This hawk is a near relative of the falcon which was so much used for hunting in the Middle Ages. In August and September the meadows and marshlands in the vicinity of Hackensack, New Jersey, are teeming with bird life. In the group showing these Hackensack H nsack ogg meadows are swallows preparing to Meadow aie th riage eae oTe é ~ re cS aaoes migrate southward, bobolinks or rice birds infall plumage, red-winged blackbirds, rails and the wood duck. The wild turkey is a native of America and was once abundant in the wooded regions of the eastern portion of the United States, but is now very rare. It differs in color from Wild Turkey the Mexican bird, the ancestor of our common as barnyard turkey, which was introduced from eee ye obbds isla Mexico into Europe about 1530 and was brought by the colonists to America. (Reproduced from studies near Slaty Forks, West Virginia. ) The great blue heron usually nests in trees. The bird flies with its : neck curved back on its body and because of this habit can eee readily be distinguished from the crane with which it is Blue Heron : us Group frequently confounded. (Reproduced from studies near St. Lucie, Florida.) In the “bonnets” or yellow pond lily swamps with cypresses and Water cabbage palmettoes, the shy water turkey builds its nest. Turkey or It receives the name “turkey” from its turkey-like tail and “Snake-bird” the title “snake-bird” from its habit of swimming with only Group the long slender neck above water. (Reproduced from studies near St. Lucie, Florida.) The sandhill crane builds its nest of reeds in the water. Unlike the herons in this respect, it differs also in its manner of flight, always stretching its neck well out when on the wing. (Re- produced from studies on the Kissimmee Prairies of Florida.) 59 Sandhill Crane Group 09 qsou of} Ul Sparq ZuNoA oy} JO UOMBAIEYS OY} SUBOU SyUSTed OYy JO FOHjoOn.}sep o10jo10y} ‘UOskes Supyjsou oy} Supp Ayjuo sournyd oy} Aww spalq oy, ‘sso}UNY-ourn;d Aq poyeuTUNIe}xXo YRru-]JoM ore syors5 dWYMS SSS3YdA0 YVNIIOYVO HLiNOS V NI L3Y9S NVOINAWYV “ —— > HABITAT BIRD GROUPS 6] Pelican Island on the Indian River of Florida has been made a reser- vation by the United States Government, and these grotesque birds may now breed there undisturbed. The view shows a section of the island at the height of the nesting season. Notwithstanding the hundreds of young birds that are clamoring for food, observation has shown that the parent bird can pick out its own offspring with unfailing accuracy. (Reproduced from studies at Pelican Island, Florida.) This beautiful bird has been brought to the verge of extinction in this country through the use of its “ aigrette plumes ”’ for millinery purposes, and is now confined to a few protected rookeries of the South. The birds have these plumes only during the nest- ing season, at which time the death of the parent means the starvation of the young. (Reproduced from studies in a rookery of South Brown Peli- can Group Snowy Heron or Egret Group Carolina. ) The turkey vulture or buzzard is one of the best known birds of the South where it performs a valuable service in acting as the scavenger of the streets. On this account it is protected by law and by public sentiment and has become both abun- dant and tame. (Reproduced from studies at Plummer Island in the Potomac River, near Washington. The California condor is the largest and one of the rarest of North American birds. It is not so heavy as the condor of the Andes Turkey Vul- ture Group aa but has a slightly greater spread of wing, eight and one-half Group to eleven feet. In the group the visitor is supposed to be standing in the interior of the cave where the bird has its nest and is looking down on the river of the cafon which is more than five thousand feet below. (Reproduced from studies in Piru Cajion, California. ) The foreground of the group shows a detail of the island that is painted in the background. The young birds are feeding and ee, it will be noticed that one fledgeling is reaching well down the Group mother’s throat after the predigested food. (Reproduced from studies at Monterey, California.) Formerly this area was an arid place with a characteristic desert bird fauna. Now the ranchmen have irrigated the land and aquatic bird life abounds. This group is a good illustration of the influence of man on the bird life of a region. In the breeding season the flamingos congregate in great numbers in their rookeries. There were estimated to be two thousand nests in this colony. The flamingos construct their nests by scooping up mud with San Joaquin Valley Group 62 THIRD FLOOR, SOUTH CENTRAL WING their bills and packing it down by means of bills and feet. The nests are raised to a height of twelve or fourteen inches; this protects eggs and young from disasters due to high water. Only one egg is laid in the nest, and the young is born covered with down like a young duck and is fed by the mother on predigested food. The bril- liant plumage of the adult is not acquired until the fifth or sixth month. (Reproduced from studies in the Bahama Islands.) In this group is shown a portion of a coral islet on which ciateel noid three thousand boobies and four hundred man-of-war birds Group were nesting, the former on the ground, the latter in the sea grape bushes. (Reproduced from studies in the Bahama Flamingo Group Islands. ) The abundance of bird life in one of these rookeries is quite astounding. In this group are roseate spoonbills, snowy egrets, Ameri- sities can egrets, little blue herons, Louisiana herons, ibises, cormor- Group ants and water turkeys. Because of the great inaccessibility of this island it has been one of the last places to escape the depredations of the plume-hunter. (Reproduced from studies in the Everglades of Florida.) The golden eagle is one of the most widely distributed of birds. In North America it is now most common in the region from the Rockies to the Pacific coast, although it is found as far east as Golden Eagle aroun Maine. Stories to the contrary notwithstanding, the eagle never attacks man even though the nest is approached. Its food consists of rabbits, squirrels, woodchucks and occasionally sheep. (Reproduced from studies near Bates Hole, Wyoming.) The abundance of bird life in this western lake beneath Mt. Shasta, which is seen in the center of the background, is astonishing. Here is an example of how the normal nesting habits of a bird may be Klamath changed by its being driven into a different locality. In the Lake Group anged by its being driven into ¢ ) group are white pelicans which usually make a nest of pebbles, Caspian terns which commonly build their nests on sand, and cormorants that nest on rocks, all nesting together here on the tule or rush islets of the lake. (Reproduced from studies at Klamath Lake, Oregon.) The scene represented in this group is above timber line on the crest of the Canadian Rockies — 8,000 feet above the sea. Al- Arctic-Alpine : : P though these mountains are in the temperate region the Bird Life Group altitude gives climatic conditions that would be found in the far north, and the bird life is arctic in character. Here are nesting the white-tailed ptarmigan, rosy snow finches and _pipits. (Reproduced from studies in the Canadian Rockies. ) ry | 24. fa a A grebe swims in stately fashion, while, peep- ing from the warm cradle of her back, eager, con- tented young birds take a sail with her even before the ice is melted. To secure the young birds for this group it was necessary to hatch the eggs of the wild goose under a hen, so difficult is it to find the young in nature. (Reproduced from studies made at Crane Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada. ) The grebe is another of our aquatic Geshe eed birds which builds its nest near the water. During the incubation period the par- ent bird usually covers the eggs with grass and reeds when leaving the nest. Nesting at the same lake with the grebe was the red-head duck, which lays from fifteen to twenty eggs. (Reproduced from studies made at Crane Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada. ) The loon is justly famed for its skill as a diver, and can swim with great speed under water. Its weird call is a Loon Group This group shows a stretch of wes- bn) tern plateau covered Sage Grouse with sage bush. In this = Group bush is seen the male sage grouse strutting and wooing a mate. (Reproduced from studies at Medicine Bow, Wyoming. ) The prairie chickens are akin to the common — grouse. The group represents 4, Prairie : rl & Chicken typical scene during the ein mating season. The male birds go through most surprising antics in their efforts to attract the females. They inflate the orange- colored sacs on the sides of their necks, dancing and strutting about and uttering a loud resonant booming note. (Reproduced from studies near Halsey, Nebraska. ) The wild goose is one of the first birds to migrate north in the spring. It nests in the lakes of Canada Wild Goose Group Love making of the prairie chicken. In this position and with orange-like air sacks inflated, he produces a booming sound which may carry a distance of two miles 63 64 THIRD FLOOR, WEST CORRIDOR familiar sound on the northern New England lakes. Many loons pass the winter at sea fifty miles or more from land. (Reproduced from studies at Lake Umbagog, New Hampshire. ) This rocky island thirty miles from shore in the Gulf of St. Lawrence affords some protection to the sea birds which still nest in great numbers on and in its cliffs, although the colony is a mere shadow of what it was even fifty vears ago. Seven Bird Rock Group species are shown nesting in the group. Namely the razor-billed auk, petrel, gannet, puffin, Kittiwake gull, common murre and _ Briinnich’s murre. (Reproduced from studies at Bird Rock, Gulf of St. Lawrence.) [A description of the Bird Rock Group is given in Guide Leaflet No. 1.] [Return to the South Pavilion containing the apes and monkeys. | WEST CORRIDOR LocaL Brrps Returning to the South Pavilion where the monkeys are and passing to the right, we enter the West Corridor containing the collection pried of local birds. At the south end of the corridor are several ollection of Birds cases in which the birds are changed each month to represent the bird life of the parks of the city. This exhibit is particu- larly useful for teachers and to those desiring to identify the birds which they see out of doors. Other exhibits which will appeal to the bird student are those showing types of feet, bill, wings and feathers. Variation of a species, that all important factor of evolution, is here illustrated in the geographical variation in size and color of the song sparrow. [See Guide Leaflet No. 22.] The group near the stairway showing the feeding habits of birds, empha- sizes the remarkable manner in which the bill of the bird is adapted to secure food. For instance the humming bird which feeds to a considerable extent on the nectar of flowers, has a long, slender bill; the birds of prey like the owl or hawk, have short, curved bills for tearing flesh; the seed-eating birds like the parrot, have thick, heavy bills, while the water-feeding birds like the duck, have broad, spoon-shaped bills. The collection of Auduboniana, or objects relating to the life and work of John J. Audubon, occupies the stairway wall. It com- Bird Feeding Group Auduboniana . Ca . ; prises original sketches and drawings of Audubon and his sons and was presented to the Museum by his granddaughters. 4 ‘ - * INDIANS OF SOUTH AMERICA 695 SOUTHWEST WING INDIANS OF SouTH AMERICA Passing through the west corridor of local birds and on into the ad- joining hall to the west, we find the collections relating to the Indians of South America. The greater part of the hall is filled with Indians of material from Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador and Chile, illustrating South Amer- : : : pe aes ae the various forms of culture that prevailed in the empire of the Incas. These Indians, together with the Mexican Indians, Sal Hf Wel? Weesasneneees| PIECES OF CLOTH FOUND WITH PERUVIAN MUMMIES The only sources of knowledge of prehistoric Peruvians come from their graves. They were familiar with most modern weaves including the finest gobelins and produced highly decorative effects by harmonized colors and a repetition of woven-in designs. The Museum’s collection of mummy cloths is perhaps the largest in the world, and is not fully known, for a large number of the mummy bundles have never been opened 99 SNOILVHYSdO TVIDISINOVS YO IVOIDYNS 4O 3dILOVHa OINOLSIHSYd V ONILVOIGNI ‘SSAVHYD NVIANH3d WOYS STINHS GANIHdSayL INDIANS OF SOUTH AMERICA G7 attained the highest type of civilization on this continent in prehistoric times. Unlike the Mexicans however, they had no written language. They were tillers of the soil and raised maize, potatoes, beans, coca and cotton. The Incas domesticated the llama, which was used as a beast of burden. They excelled in the manufacture and decoration of pottery vessels, in metalwork, and in textile fabrics. In the case directly in front of the entrance are displayed gold and silver objects Gold and , such as beads, cups, pins and earrings which show the skill Silver of the Incas in the beating, soldering and casting of metals. In weaving they were perhaps preéminent among prehistoric peoples, many Textiles of their specimens exhibited here being unsurpassed at the present day. The materials used were cotton and the wool of the llama, alpaca and vicuna. In the first cases on the right are examples of these textiles with looms and shuttles. [The musical instruments of ancient Peru are discussed in Guide Leaflet No. 11.] The alcove cases are geographically arranged, showing exhibits from the north toward the south of South America, then up into the interior of the continent. ‘The two-spouted drinking cups, copperwork, slings such as are still in use, portrait jars, vessels upon which the decorations represent fruit and vegetables and scenes from daily life, and black pottery, are all pre- historic and a number of the specimens are of rare beauty as well as valuable from an archeological standpoint. The collections in the gallery rail cases include quipos used to keep accounts, various kinds of corn which with the lima bean and potato have been introduced into our country from Peru; charms and medicines, coca which was chewed, and maize which was used to make the national drink chicha. A number of the chicha jars are on exhibition on top of the wall cases at the east end of the room. | The mummy in the case at the west end of the room was found at Chuquicamata, Chile, and is the body of an Indian which has been remarkably preserved by nature. This Indian may have met his death by the caving in of some mine, and in the dry climate of the region the tissues of the body have been so thoroughly im- pregnated with copper salts that the original form of the man is retained. On the north side of the wall are the ethnological collections from Brazil, British Guiana, Paraguay and Colombia. War implements, basketry, featherwork and musical instruments are arranged in these cases. One Chilean Mummy case contains skulls which evidence most extraordinary skill in trephining. ; For ritualistic purposes or for cures or for some other unknown Trephined Skulls reason, this supposedly modern surgical operation was suc- cessfully performed. Many of the tribes deformed their OS THIRD FLOOR, SOUTHWEST WING skulls, this undoubtedly being considered a mark of beauty. It necessitated the binding of the head in infancy. The wall case at the left of the entrance contains mummy bundles, showing the burial customs of the Peruvians. In no part of America are found so many and so extensive burial places as in the coast Mummy ae “eLZ1O0 » 5 , , Tere spre : soc s« . reiki Bis region of Peru. Here were interred countless thousands of the ancient dead. In the huacos or graves, with the bodies, were placed such articles as had been most useful and highly prized during life, and such it was considered would be most serviceable in a future life. Weert PERUVIAN MUMMY BUNDLES AND MUMMY The ancient Peruvians wrapped their dead in fabrics of fine linen and wool, then cov- ering with a sack of strong cloth. The mummy ‘‘bundle”’ thus produced was often given a ‘‘false head” of cloth filled with vegetable fibre. Climatic conditions in Peru have preserved these mummies and their wrappings during many centuries To this custom we are indebted for no small part of our knowledge of the daily life of the ancient Peruvians. From the mummy bundles and graves all the objects in the extensive collections in this hall, illustrating the civilization of the Incas, have been obtained. The wonderful state of MAMMALS OF THE WORLD OY preservation shown in the textile fabrics and other perishable materials from the coast regions is due to the extreme dryness of the climate and the nitrous character of the soil. [See Guide Leaflet No. 24.| SOUTHWEST PAVILION CHINESE AND SIBERIAN COLLECTIONS If we pass on into the hall at the extreme west end of the building, we find specimens showing collections from Asia. The arrange- Collections Sasi. ment is geographical. Read carefully the label at the en- trance to the hall. Specimens illustrating the culture, industries, religion and manufactures of China are on the left; others show- ing the mode of living, the costumes and the war implements of Siberia are on the right. Bamboo, porcelain, basketry, inlaid work, cloisonne enamel, agricultural implements, carvings in wood, ivory and stone, and embroidery are shown to advantage. The furwork, costumes and rugs of the people of East Siberia reveal remarkable skill in workmanship. ‘Two models show respectively summer and winter scenes in Siberia. A small model in one of the cases to the left shows the manner of making pottery. a aa ae a i tt i Ml y Bit ; I WH HH) HHI WW Formations in Western United States and Characteristic Type of Horse in Each WHITE RIVER | == Oligocene |- Eee s The history of the evolution of the horse through the Age of 'Mammals gives the best example in existence of the doctrine of evolution by means of natural Age of Man} Pleistocene —— Age of Reptiles selection and the adaptation of a race of animals to its environment. Quaternary 0 Eohippus Orohippus Mesohippus which was no bigger than a fox and on four toes scampered over Tertiary rocks. As will be seen by an examination of the skeletons of the horse and man in the Quaternary Hall, the modern horse walks on the tip of his middle finger and toe. The front hoof bone corresponds to the last joint of the third finger in the human hand, and the other bones of the leg corres- pond bone for bone with the structure of the finger, wrist and arm of man. In the modern horse the remaining fingers or toes of the fore and hind foot have entirely disappeared, or remain only as vestiges, the so-called “splint bones.” ‘The structure of the modern horse shows that it developed from a five-toed ancestor. This ancestry has been traced back to the four-toed stage. In the wall case at the right of the entrance is given a synopsis of the evolution of the foot and skull of the horse and the geological age in which each stage is found. Across the alcove the visitor will find the skeleton of Eohippus, the four-toed stage of the horse and the earliest form that has _ been discovered. This specimen is from the Wind River beds of Wyoming and may have lived 3,000,000 years ago. It is interesting to note that while there were no horses found in this country by the white settlers, America is the original home of the horse. Passing from skeleton to skeleton the changes that have taken place in the development of the horse are easily distinguished. The exhibit is made more lifelike by plaster restorations of the animals and by water-color sketches showing primitive horses in their environment. These paintings and models are by Charles R. Knight. In the later types of the three-toed stage the two lateral toes have lost their original function of support and are gradually become vestiges. The three-toed horse in the center of the alcove is one of the most complete and finest examples that has ever been unearthed. Opposite the horse exhibit on the other side of the hall, are series of specimens illustrating the evolution of the camel, deer and the other cloven- hoofed animals. These animals like the cow of to-day walked on the tips of the third and fourth fingers, and the gradual disappearance or reduction to useless vestiges of the other fingers and toes can be traced as in the horse series. 79 SO FOURTH FLOOR, SOUTHEAST WING A curious and remarkable instance of parallel evolution is furnished by GiraffeCamel the cases of the giraffe camel and the giraffe. The former and Giraffe was descended from the primitive camel which lived in North Giant Pigs -\merica, while the giraffe had for its ancestor the primitive and Pygmy antelope of the Old World; thus each species evolved inde- Hippopot- = pendently of the other. The giant pigs, or elotheres and the emus pygmy hippopotamus will repay examination. The primitive rhinoceros-like animals are shown near the center of the hall on the right. It seems hard to believe that our vast western country and indeed all North America, was once the home of the Rhinoceros - fields in the Tertiary Period and their fossil remains are found imbedded in rhinoceros. As here indicated vast herds roamed over the the Plains of South Dakota. Opposite these are shown the ancestors of the dogs, cats and other carnivores, among which is the giant saber-toothed tiger. On the south side on the right are skeletons of titanotheres, on the left of uintatheres, huge extinct, horned animals peculiar to North America. ~ > mez x , ai age , — . _ 00 ~“ Restoration of Brontosaurus. One of the largest of the amphibious dinosaurs, cold- blooded, slow-moving, unintelligent creatures that grew to large size (65 ft. in length) in the rich vegetation of the Reptilian era i | ay Rough drawing to show scale of size of Tyrannosaurus rex. This carnivorous dinosaur was the largest beast of prey that ever lived. The Museum possesses one Tyrannosaurus skeleton from South Dakota and two from Montana SOUTHEAST PAVILION Fosstt REPTILES AND FISHES The visitor now enters the Southeast Pavilion containing the dinosaurs and other fossil reptiles and also fishes. These animals belong to a more ancient period than the specimens just examined. They lived from | 3,000,000 to 10,000,000 years ago. They include the The well-known dinosaurs of which the Museum has a large Becks collection. In the wall case on the left is a portion of the skeleton of the dinosaur Diplodocus; this was the first of these specimens to be unearthed by the Museum. The gigantic skeleton in the center of the hall is the huge extinct reptile, the dinosaur Brontosaurus, found in the Jurassic beds of Wyeming. It is the only mounted specimen of its kind in the world and more than two-thirds of the skeleton is the original petrified bone. It is sixty-six feet eight inches in length, sixteen feet in height and is estimated to have weighed when alive thirty-five tons. Brontosaurus is one of the largest giant reptiles and as is indicated by its teeth was her- biverous, probably living on the rank water weeds of the nearly sea-level marshes of Wyoming. Contrasted with the herbivorous Brontosaurus, is the carnivorous dinosaur Allosaurus, mounted to represent the animal feeding on the fallen carcass of a Brontosaurus, upon which it preyed. This is not a fanciful mounting for these very skeletons were found in close proximity to each other in the Jurassic beds of Wyoming, and the skeleton cf the fallen Brontosaurus shows gouges made by the teeth of Allosaurus as it tore the flesh from its victim. Near the Allosaurus group is a portion of a skeleton of Tyrannosaurus 81 Brontosaurus Allosaurus : TRACHODONS OR DUCK=BILLED DINOSAURS Fossil reptiles, fifteen to sixteen feet high and thirty feet long, with spreading webbed feet, | . ° p > » » P - » | compressed tail and duck-like bill, all of which indicate a more or less aquatic existence §2 | - FOSSIL REPTILES the last and most powerful of the carnivorous dinosaurs. Like Allosaurus it has enermous three-toed hind legs armed with sharp claws, Tyranno- ei and smaller fore legs. Tyrannosaurus is from Montana and the matrix in which it was found is as hard as flint. To the left of Brontosaurus are two complete specimens of the duck- billed dinesaur T'rachodon. One shows the animal erect Trachodon ; : ; ome and standing on guard, while the other is shown feeding on shellfish and plants of the Cretaceous swamps of Montana. In the low ease in front of this group is one of the most interesting reptile specimens which has ever been discovered. It is a mummified duck- billed dinosaur, Trachodon, the skin of which is wonderfully well preserved, and for the first time the character of the outer covering of this animal is fully revealed. The animal is lying on its back and, in spite of its crushed condition, its form is easily distinguishable. It probably died on a sand bank or near a shoal where the hot winds dried up the flesh until the skin adhered to the bones like a close-fitting glove, and was subsequently buried by a flood. Other specimens shown in the hall include the smaller carnivorous dinosaurs, the horned dinosaurs with, in one instance at least, a skull seven feet in length, and giant birds possessed of teeth. There is also the finback lizard, one of the most ancient of fossil reptiles; Dzadectes, a reptile with a solid-boned skull and Eryops, a primitive amphibian. The finest collection of fossil turtles in the world will be found on the south side of the hall. Model of Naosaurus or ‘‘Ship-Lizard,’’ an ancient and grotesque reptile. Collected in Texas; length eight feet 84 FOURTH FLOOR, SOUTHEAST PAVILION In the Tower of the Southeast Pavilion are displayed the fossil fishes which belong to a much earlier period than the mammals and reptiles, : some of them having lived twenty to fifty millions of years Fossil : am : fc ae Fishes ago. Many of these forerunners of backboned animals are quite unlike any living fishes and are probably only very indirectly related to them; some were small, curiously encased in shells; others, shown in the three cases in front of the visitor, attained large size and were evidently formidable creatures. One of them in fact, Dinichthys, shown in the middle of the gallery, was probably among the most destructive creatures that ever lived in the sea. Its Jaws were so strong that it could crush a plate of bene as thick as one’s hand. Such an actual specimen, fractured in life and showing the marks of “teeth” is shown in a neighbor- ing case. The collection is so arranged that he who makes the tour can see the principal kinds of fessil fishes and is able, in a measure, to outline the history and pedigree of the entire group. He can trace the rise and fall of the carly plate-covered fishes; the era of the sharks which on the one hand supplanted the earliest fishes and were in time replaced by the more efficient lungfishes and ganoids; the age of ganoids when the waters were filled with these enamel-scaled fishes; finally the age of the bony-fishes, or teleosts, the multitudinous forms of to-day, the herrings, cods, perches, whose methods of swimming, feeding and breeding are far more efficient than those of any of their predecessors. Above the entrance are the jaws (models), spreading nine feet, of a huge fossil shark in which the actual teeth are arranged as in Jaws of the sharks of to-day, in the usual banks or rows — the teeth Huge Fossil . ; : ; ine in the hinder rows having served to replace those in front. Such a shark probably measured from seventy to ninety feet and its race may well have become extinct, when for various reasons the enormous volume of food necessary to support it could not be maintained within its range of sea. In the first aleove to the left, by the window, is a “fossil Fossil Aauvarivim aquarium”? in which a number of models of these earliest fishes are arranged in a group, as though alive in the sea. In the next alcove are the early fossil sharks which superseded the tribe of plated fishes just mentioned. These sharks had soft skeletons, simple fins and a number of other primitive features which lead to ginoaines the belief that all of the higher fishes, and the higher backs boned animals therefore as well, were descended from them, their simpler structures beceming more complicated in many directions. In one of the early sharks here exhibited, soft parts such as muscles and gill filaments, have been petrified. “\ RESTORATION OF THE JAWS OF A FOSSIL SHARK This largest and most formidable fish, living or extinct, of which we have any record frequented the [coast of South Carolina in Tertiary time. The jaws measure nine feet across; estimated length of fish, eighty feet 85 | 98 puelyOo, JO 9UOISpURY poy PLO OY UL OAR] YOO! o[Suls V puv (AQaevuULOd,)) AQIPROOT O9]Suts vB WOT OUR. SUTIOJ . Soyshy Jo ody,, yeordA) oy} sopeasnyt dnoas oy, “SULATT sv reodde sumioy QuOTOUR OSoYy. OYVUL OF 9UOP 9q UBD VeYM SMOYS SIAL, oy) YOU ul ‘URTUOADG AY3TIVS HSIS JHL NI ,,WNINYWNOV TISSOS,, 3HL Af =e Spas : “ete a os a 4 ® FOSSIL FISHES 87 In the third alcove appear rare fossils of silver sharks or Chimvroids, ; _.— which appear to have been developed from a primitive race Chimeroids 1). ix of sharks. Curiously enough fossil egg capsules of these forms are sometimes preserved, and examples are here present. In neigh- boring cases are shown ancient lungfishes and ganoids — groups from which all land-living quadrupeds are believed to be descended. In the fourth aleove are shown the ganoid fishes which dominated the waters during the Age of Reptiles. They were of many kinds and sizes, most of them with lozenge-shaped scales of bone, with enamelled surface. One of the few survivors (Amia) of this ancient group is here shown living (in a window aquarium), to give the visitor a clearer idea of the fishes of the “ Middle Ages” of the world. In the fifth aleove are the petrified fishes of the Age of Mammals. By this time nearly all of the primitive fishes like sharks, lung- fishes and ganoids, had become extinct; and the common forms were bony-fishes, or teleosts, closely related to our herrings, perches, mackerels and daces. Ganoids Teleosts [Return to the South Pavilion or Hall of Mastodons and Mammoths.| SOUTH CENTRAL WING GEOLOGY AND INVERTEBRATE PALZONTOLOGY Turning northward at the center of the Quaternary Hall containing the mastodons and mammoths, the visitor enters the South Central Wing of the building and is in the Hall of Geology and Invertebrate Paleontology. At the entrance cf the hall there is a large slab of fossiliferous limestone from Kelleys Island in Lake Erie near Sandusky, whose surface has been smoothed, grooved and scratched by the stones and sand in the bottom of the vast moving ice sheet or glacier that covered the northeastern part of North America during the Glacial Epoch. The front of this continental glacier is now thought by most geologists to have retreated northward across Lake Erie from 30,000 to 50,000 years ago. At Kelleys Island, the ice was moving from east to west. Just beyond the glacial groove specimen, the visitor will see an exhibit illustrating some of the results of an expedition which the Museum sent to Martinique and St. Vincent during the great volcanic eruptions of 1902- 1903 that devastated those islands of the Lesser Antilles chain. A set of four relief maps shows the island of Martinique and its famous volcano, Mont Pelée, at three important stages of the Glacial Grooves Volcanic Bombs SS FOURTH FLOOR, SOUTH CENTRAL WING eruptions, while the nearby cases and pedestals contain relics of the ruined city of St. Pierre and the dust, stones and bread crust bombs that were thrown out in a white hot or molten condition by this volcano and by the Soufriére of St. Vincent. Some 30,000 people were killed by these out- breaks. Important geological facts were learned from the observation and subsequent study of the series of events. At the north end of the hall, there is the reproduction of part of a mar- velously beautiful cave that was discovered early in 1910 in the mining operations at the famous Copper Queen mine at Bisbee in the southeastern part of Arizona. The cave was formed by the dissolving action of water traversing joints in limestone, and its walls, roof and bottom were after- ward coated with calcite (cale spar) incrustations, stalactites and stalag- mites, some of which are dazzling white while others are colored green with copper salts or pink with iron compounds. In the alcove across the hall from the cave, the visitor may see the stump and part of the roots of a large tree from an anthracite coal mine under Scranton, Pa. Millions of years ago, in the geological period known as the Carboniferous, this tree grew upon the top of a thick swamp deposit of decaying vegetation which ultimately became a most valuable bed of coal. The stump was left in the roof of the mine when the coal was extracted for commercial and domestic uses. It fell to the floor years after the gallery had been abandoned and was discovered only through the chance visit of a miner. The cases along both sides and down the middle of the hall contain Fossilized Tree Stump geological and paleontological specimens. Paleontology is the science of the ancient life of the earth; its field is the study of the fossilized shells and other hard parts and the various kinds of imprints left by the animals formerly inhabiting the seas and lands, and preserved in deposits which now form our stratified rocks. As normally the upper layers of a series of strata are more recent than the lower, the fossils reveal the succession of life forms in the earth’s crust and thus are of the highest value and interest to the student of historical geology. Since, however, the remains of only a small proportion of the animals living at a given period are permanently preserved in the marine, river, lake and subaérial deposits of that period, the geological record of animal and plant forms is far from complete. Inasmuch as in- vertebrate animals are far less free in their movements than the vertebrate forms, they are accepted as the best determinants of the geological age of a bed of rock, even when remains of both kinds are found together. Inverte- brate life too appeared on the globe far earlier than vertebrate, and remains of certain species are abundant in the lowest (oldest) of our stratified rocks. The specimens in the cases are arranged to illustrate historical geology, GEOLOGY AND INVERTEBRATE PALAUONTOLOGY SY beginning at the northeast corner of the hall with the archzean rocks, which are the lowest and oldest of all and contain no fossils, ad- Series to vancing regularly southward along the east side through the Show ; ag hee ; Historical Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian systems, passing Geology to the west side of the hall in the Devonian and continuing through the Carbonifercus, Jurassic, Triassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary. Thus far the specimens are from American localities, but the northwest quarter of the hall is devoted to a synoptic series of European fossils. The cases in the middle of the hall contain overflow material from the sides. The American series is subdivided into geographical provinces, the fossils from New York State and other eastern regions being placed first and then the material from the Central West and beyond. Under the geographical subdivision the species are arranged according to their position in the seale of life — that is, following a biological classification, the lower or sunpler forms being placed first. The diamond-shaped bits of emerald green paper attached to some of the specimens indicate those, more than 8,000 in number, known as “types” or “figured specimens,’ which have been used by James Hall, R. P. Whitfield and others in the original descrip- tion and naming of species or in their elucidation. The upper shelves of the wall cases contain particularly large or striking specimens of fossils, or blocks of rock illustrating the geological features of the horizons in which the fossils occur. Two floor cases in the middle of the hall at the north end contain a series of rock specimens showing the geology of Manhattan Geology of = JsJand and a very complete collection of the minerals found Manhattan . .. Y a . ae sae hes ead in New York City and immediate vicinity belonging to the New York Mineralogical Club. Attention may be called also to the collection of Michigan copper ores, orbicular granites and diorites from several parts of the world, fossil crinoids from Waldron and Crawfordsville, Indiana, fossil corals frcem the Devonian reefs near Louisville, Kentucky, fossil crinoids and an immense clamlike shell from the Cretaceous of Nebraska, fossil plants from Tertiary beds at Florissant, Colorado. The windows contain some colored transparencies from photographs of interesting scenery in the West. I [Return to the Hall of Mastodons and Mammoths and turning to the right enter the West Corridor or Gem Hall.] A PORTION OF THE GEM HALL In the wall cases are many fine examples of quartz, calcite, malachite, azurite, and ame- thyst. In the desk cases are cut and uncut diamonds, sapphires, topaz and other gems. The collection, presented to the Museum by Mr. J. P. Morgan, includes many large and rare forms which could not be duplicated 90 WEST CORRIDOR GEMS AND PRECIOUS STONES The West Corridor contains the Morgan gem collection. This splendid series of gems and precious stones was presented to the Museum by Mr. J. P. Morgan, one of the founders and a Trustee of the institution. It includes many large or rare forms, some of which could not be duplicated. In the wall cases are fine samples of quartz, calcite, gypsum, and Ice- land spar which makes a double refraction of light rays thereby causing objects seen through it to appear double; malachite of such Gems and = soft texture that it appears more like velvet than stone; Precious : : : : : seAnok tourmaline of varied hue; azurite of indescribable tones of blue, and enormous slabs of amethyst crystals, the last named among the largest and finest specimens ever taken from a mine. The smaller and more valuable gems are shown in the desk cases, the raw material or uncut gem being placed in the center of each case and the cut stones around it. The diamonds, sapphires, the topaz, amber and native gold are exhibits of unusual interest. Case labels describing the formation, preper- ties and localities of each gem are attached to the case. [The collection of gems is more fully described in Guide Leaflet No. 4.] SOUTHWEST WING MINERALS Next beyond the Gem Hall is the Southwest Wing or Hall of Minerals. At the entrance to the hall is a case in which recent acquisitions are placed. The general collection of minerals consists chiefly of the well- known Bement Collection which contains specimens repre- senting species of the known minerals of the world. Not only is the collection noted for its numbers, but in many instances the beauty and size of the individual specimens are quite unsurpassed in other collections. The more attractive specimens are displayed in cases arranged down the center of the room. The remainder of the collection is arranged according to the classification of minerals. In the first cases on the right or left the visitor is introduced by models to the various types of crystallization. Each mineral has a characteristic form of crystallization which is one of the means Bement ‘Collection of identifying it. The distribution of the more important minerals is indicated on maps. [See Guide Leaflet No. 4.| 91 VIVH ANIddItiHd SBHL JO M3BIA AWHYHANAS 26 : ee -_— TOTO te i i ( : o _—~ oa SOUTHWEST PAVILION COLLECTIONS FROM THE SOUTH SEA ISLANDS Entering the Southwest Pavilion beyond the Hall of Minerals the visitor will find specimens pertaining to the natives of the Pacific Islands. The wall cases contain examples of war implements, tapa or bark cloth, sacred masks, boomerangs and armor. The cases in the center contain Kava bowls, head rests, shell and ebony armlets and other ornaments, betel spatulas, ceremonial paddles, hats, mats and baskets. These people follow the custom of tattooing themselves. Their occupations as here detailed are peaceful rather than warlike. The swinging picture-frames on the left of the entrance midway down the room give some idea of the dress, customs, and pastimes of the Samoan Islanders. Note the delicate workmanship expended on the feather capes worn as robes of honor by great chiefs of Sandwich Islands. The jade boulder from New Zealand supports a figure representing a Maori warrior in an attitude of defiance. WEST WING COLLECTIONS FROM THE PHILIPPINES The hall due north beyond the Hall of the Pacific Islands is deveted to a collection from the Philippine Islands. The installation here as in the African hall is geographical. The specimens of wood along the walls are Philippine woods. The palm leaf mats above the windows Living Tribes 2 +ound the hall are in some cases very beautiful. The brass- of the Say He Platippine work, boar-bristle tooth brushes, necklaces, shell bracelets, islands knives, spears, bead-crnamented combs, medicines, guitars, horse accoutrements evidence superior workmanship. These people present a higher civilization than their South Sea Island neighbors. The exhibit of clothing distinctive of each tribe is very complete. The model at the entrance depicts a woman weaving a garment similar to some of those seen in the cases. The house in the tree at the end of the room is a life-size copy of a tree-house such as the Lake Lanao Moros build. Full information concerning the tribes is given in various descriptive labels. [Return to the elevators.] 93 WEST = re) OFFICES J6 LABORATORIES ae OFFICES & LAB < “ADMINISTRATIVE OF THE SCIENTIFIic DEDARTMENTS Jao S SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENTS e's <= wl is 1. Elevators 2. Office of the Director FIFTH FLOOR . Dee ai ae The fifth floor is given over to the administrative offices, the offices and laboratories of the scientific departments and the library. The reading room of the library is located in the west corridor, and is open free daily 4 from 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. except Sundays and legal holidays. The library is a reference library containing some 70,000 volumes devoted to the natural ; sciences, a collection that has been accumulated for a three-fold purpose — ‘ namely, to supplement the exhibits of the Museum with the literature pertaining to them, to supply the natural history student with the most important scientific works, and to furnish the general reader with the more popular books such as give accurate but less detailed information, and at the same time stimulate a more intense study of nature. ‘ These aims in building up the collection of books have been fulfilled to such an extent that the Library now contains over 15,000 volumes on zoology, comprising many of the extremely rare and interesting monographs in ornithology; an excellent collection of 3500 volumes in entomology in- cluding many of the rare Classics and a 2000 volume collection in conchology containing the standard works of Kiister, Reeve and Binney. There is also a well selected collection of 2500 volumes in anthropology including many of the older works relating to the North American Indian; an excel- lent collection of 3500 volumes in geology enriched by the library of the late Professor Jules Marcou; a collection of 5000 volumes in paleontology to a large extent composed of the Osborn Library of Vertebrate Palzeontol- ogy; also an unusually complete collection of more than 25,000 volumes of natural science periodicals. These with the Bickmore Library of travels and a small but carefully selected assortment of books relating to scientific voyages give the library of the Museum important educational value. A rack in the reading room contains current issues of many scientific periodi- cals, 94 INDEX Page numbers of illustrations are set in heavy face type Administrative Offices 94 African collections 41 **Ahnighito"’ meteorite 10, 14 Allosaurus 81 Altar stone 40 Amphibians 51—53 Anatomy and Physiology, Department of 39 Annelids 31 Antelope Group 47, 49 Archeology, Mexico and Central 38, 39 Arctic-Alpine Bird Life Group 62 Arthropods 31 Asia, Collections from 69 Assembly Halls 13 Astronomical clock 34, 35 Auditorium 18 Auduboniana 64 Auk 44 Bement Collection 91 “Big Tree’’ of California 33 Birch bark kettle 19 Bird Feeding Group 64 Bird Groups 57—64 Bird Rock Group 64 Birds, Local 64 Birds of paradise 44 Birds of the world 43 Birds, Seasonal collection 64 Bison Group 48 Blind, Room for the 36 Booby and Man-of-War Group 62 Brandt’s Cormorant Group 61 Brontosaurus 80, 81 Brown Pelican Group 61 Bullfrog Group 52, 53 Calendar Stone 40 California Condor Group 61 ‘Caliph 41 Carnivores 36 Checking Room 13 Cherokee mask 19 Children’s Room 36 Chilkat blankets 17 Chimeroids 87 Chinese collections 69 Clam and Oyster, Models 32 Cobb’s Island Group 58, 59 Cobra Group 53 Codices 40 Congo collections 41 Copperhead Snake Group 53 Coral 30, 32 America Crustaceans 32 Darwin Hall 29 Diagrams of Halls 8, 13, 35, 55, 73, 94 Dinosaur Diplodocus 81; duck-billed 82, 83 Dogs 35 Dogwood, Flowering 27 Duck Hawk Group 57, 59 Egret Group 60, 61 Elephant head 45; ‘‘Tip’’ 36 Eohippus, Restoration of 77 Eskimo collections 17, 18; home scene 16 Eskimo woman cooking 17; fishing 18 ‘‘False Faces’’ 19, 20 Fishes, Recent 44 Flamingo Group 54, 56, 62 Flatworms 30 Florida Rookery Group 62 Forestry, Hall of North American 28 Fossil aquarium 64, 86; fishes 84-87; fish- like lizards 74; mammals of South Amer- ica 75, 76; mammals of the Tertiary Period 77; Reptiles 81-83; vertebrates, Foreword on 73 Fossil sharks 84; jaws of 84, 85 Fossilized tree stump 88 Fossils, Age of 73 - Foxes 45 Funeral urns 40 Fur Seal Group 49 Ganoids 45, 84, 87 Gem Hall 90 Gems and Precious stones 91 Geology 87; historical 89; Island 89 Giraffe and giraffe camel 80 Glacial grooves 87 Gold and silver work 67 Golden Eagle Group 62 Goose (Wild) Group 63 Grant’s caribou 49 Grebe Group 63 Ground Sloth Group 75, 76 Hackensack Meadow Group 59 Haida Canoe 15, 17 Hares 48, 55 Heron Group (Florida Great Blue) 59 Hippopotamus ‘‘Caliph”’ 41; pygmy Horse, Evolution of the 77, 78, 79 Horses, Skeletons of modern 76 Indian societies 23 Indians, Alaskan 16; Apache 26, 28; Black- foot 22, 23; British Columbia 16; Cree of Manhattan 80 { ) . | Tae ee Pate. cin) Wee a * ere 6 INDEX 21, 23; Delaware 21; Hopi 24, 26; Iro- quois 19, 20; Local New York 20, 7.9 be Memomini 21; Mexican 26; Navajo 24, 25, 26; New York 19, 20; North Pacific Coast 16, 17; Ojibwa 21; Pima 24, 26; Plains 23, 26, 28; Pueblo Bonito 24; Rio Grande Pueblo 24; Seminole 21; South American 65-69; Southwest 24-26; Win- nebago 21; Woodlands 19-21; Zuni 24, 26 Information Bureau 13 Insects 31, 32; habits 71; importance 71; life 71; local collection 72 Invertebrate paleontology 89 Invertebrates 29 Jesup Collection of North American Woods 28 Jesup Memorial Statue 12, 13 Klamath Lake Group 58, 62 Labrador duck 44 Library 94 ‘ Lion (Barbary) 36, 3 Loon Group 63 Mammals 35; of North America 45; of the Polar Region 49; of the world 70 Maori warrior 72, 93 Marine Habitat Group 30 Mastodons and mammoths 74, 76 Medicine pipe 23 Memorial Hall 13 Meteorites 10, 14, 18 Mexican archeology, Hall of 38 Minerals 91 Mink 46 Mitla ruins 39 Moccasin (Gros Ventre) 21 Mollusks 32, 69 Monkeys 55 Monuments, Ancient Mexican 39 Moose Group 48 Mosquito models 31, 32 Mountain Sheep Group 49 Mulandi carved sticks 42 Mummy bundles 65, 68 Mummy, Chilean 67 Mural decorations 18 Museum building 4: administration and support 11; admission 11; history 11; location 11 Muskrat 46, 48 Naosaurus 83 Natural History Reading Room 36 Navajo blankets 25, 26 North Pacific Hall 15, 16, 18 Opossum 45, 46 Orang-utan Group 55 Orizaba Group 58 Pacific Islands Collections 93 Peary musk ox 51 Peary sledges 28 Philippine collections 93: Hall 92 Pigs, giant 80 Pioneers of American Science 14 Polar bear 50, 51; expeditions 28; maps 28 Polyps 30 : Power room 18 Prairie Chicken Group 63 Prehistoric Man 41 Primitive Man 55 Protozoa 29 Ptarmigan 43, 44 Public Health, Department of 39 Pueblo villages 24 f Racoon 45, 46 : Religious ceremonies 17 4 Reptiles 51-53 Rhinoceros 80 Rodents 55 Roosevelt elk 51 Rotifers 31 Roundworms 31 Sage Grouse Group 63 Sandhill Crane Group 59 San Joaquin Valley Group 61 Sea-mats 31 Serapes 26 Shells 69 Siberian collections 69 Skunk 46 Solar System, Model of 14 Sponges 29, 30 =4 Squirrels 46, 48, 55 sia Starfish 30, 31 eek Stele 39 ‘ Sun dance 23 ; ; Synoptic Series (Animal Kingdom) 29 Tertiary Hall 77 = Teleosts 45, 84, 87 , Textiles (South American) 67 Tipi 22, 23, 28 Totem poles 17 ¥ Trachodon 82, 83 Trephined skulls 66, 67 Turkey Vulture Group 61 Tyrannosaurus 81, 83 ! Vertebrates (Synoptic Series) 32 ‘ Virginia deer 48 e Voleanic bombs 87 Walrus 51 Wampum 20 Ward-Coonley meteorites 18 Warren mastodon 76 Water Turkey Group 59 Weasel Group 46 Whale. finback 44; humpbacked 70; North Atlantie right 55; sulphur-bottom 70 Wild Turkey Group 59 ‘‘ Willamette’? meteorite 14 Woodchuck 46, 48 Zodiac, Signs of 14 ‘ pies ae ee —- oer _- —_ _ oe | — an - a ae - - s -——~ —- » - am ss -t——— —~— a é - -- - _ oes 7 > “< —- - - - ee ve ed = -_- = e eres a == ———— —— ee me — = re _ ~~ o— ~ —_—— — — ea — ——on SS = E = _ a ad —* — ee - Se oe =: —— ee Ae a - ee nee - ~ -_ -— eee wont ——e — ’ oo oe + ee Mo sie oe a ner ee * - SS re ae ne aomeep Sa a nt een oe ne ae see sere! i ll . ea ee an adie. 4 ws. — — ~s “ n > a Ae ~ ii uid ~ 4 th i — > - Pesan < 5 ‘ - é aa . . - S me. Ss ase atenn OT pate eet ee ap eae a oe ; ares opme,"t test 3 ieee Sy eet a pissin Solel g ae — i ple oe ee ~~ J “ ~~. “ ‘ a Pag do = + - G : a - * ——< . ng tg » ged Sant ’ - . 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" “ ~~ z awake boat bi ‘ ~e a wt . ~ , — > ~ Ma — ‘ - a a - » o re. - »% 5 md - - ot - ~ papi < - - d , — . f wer a } =0 & ~ va - Ss) ea > ae ee = cco aeees -_ ne ht - : Se le - : em Intntihed acl oe, Ct oly "3 + 2 vow “yon . ty a ty = Sp, fen ~ es ns ery e Ne = et ‘dihrrmn SKELETON Or BRONTOSAURUS, By W. D. % _ Marrnew, Ph.D., Associate Curator ‘of ‘Vertebraié Palmontology, 1 1905. Out of print, -THE REPTILES OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK CITY. By soa fat hy _ Rassionp L. Drrmars, Curator of Reptiles, New York Zodlogical Park. Suly;/ 1905, Out of print. ah THE BATRACHIANS OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK CITY. Bei meni a ac ag RAYMonD L, Drrmars, Curator of Reptiles, New York Zodlogical Ta ah |” Park, October, 1905. Price, 15. cents. | ‘DEVELOPMENT OF A MOLLUSK. By B. E: Danceren, ei | “DIM. -D. , January, 1906. Out of print. ; aoe acm BIRDS OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK CITY. By Frank i £5 (ees a mpedres ‘Apeil-Joly, 1 1906!) Prica: 18 cents. 1 | : bale os jivae ‘SPONGE: ALCOVE,: By Ror W, Tih! Assistant Curator of 4 Tawertebrate Zodlogy.. October, 1906. Out of print, | | fe wee PRBUVIAN. MUMMIES. By Caartas W. Muao, Department of Eth-, “ snology. March, 1907. Price, 10 cents. age Or Ve deat SCIENCE, Mrerncirle of the naturalists . lhe Foyer: of the: Museum. April, A007 Out of Me RITES INTHE FOVER OFTHE AMERICAN MUSEUM . “OF ‘NATURAL |HISTORY. By Evuunp Ons Hovey, Ph.D,, ‘Associate ‘Curator of Geology. \ December, 1 1907.) Price, 10 cents. E MAL: ARIA MOSQUITO. By B. E. Danucren, D. M.D. Assis- ant Curator of Invertebrate Zodlogy. ‘April, 1908. Out of print. HE HABITAT GROUPS. OF. NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. By RANK ee Stor oro ibeore:| Pigteo 1909... Price; Pric lil hits i oe "STOKES. PAINTINGS” "REPRESENTING | GRIENLAND ESKIMO,» ‘November, 1909. Price, 5 cents. HISTORY ye ay EXPLORATION. Aare: 1910, rice, 10 cents, a | prari of ace a Homey. September 1910. “Price, 18 dente: Abert PROTECTION OF RIVER AND HARBOR WATERS FROM i MUNICIPAL WASTES. By CaArius-EpwArd Amory WInstow, ites i Curator of: Public. ‘Health. April, 1911, Price; 10‘cents.', mn FORMS: IN bias By. ELC. 5. Fassere, | November, 1911. ‘H Ce 4 e;. cents. ate 35.— oe GUIDE TO. THE MUSEUM. SBectiiaed by Gorge HB. ie ins a, ‘Carator ne Public duaiveiaag te hidioatated 1911, Price root No. No. 4 . 2—'THE SAGINAW VALLEY COLLECTION, -By H. 1: Suir, Asintant {1 "THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF THE INCAS. | By C. W. Mian, 14+ BIRDS": NESTS AND EGGS. -By Franz }M, ‘Cuaran. Amite! , 16-+PRIMITIVE ART. July, 1904. Price, 16 cents. . 16.—- THE INSECT-GALLS ‘OF THE: VICINITY. OF NEW. YORK. CITY. Pell moe, aay 3926)? sult tee eee ¢ yr ¢! rites F. siteiees ©a tl » the } fr ‘4 Reo tah ’ if i tet : f a3 zh “as 4 Ae ate at al ei ie A he +z, th Merc ate ft), ; ; if fies \ . . ‘ >. ieee ASF ty Ht 4 . ity its 7 net a 4eaks ¥ a Vee rary atia » PPO? Las t y 4 + i boas ef Ue F as be tbat) Clitare: to SP ebariat bee anal ri : Sette As tea ht a SA { iH tp te peeret tes! tt 3 ce : zee y" tt aha eae cua 5 4} » : : me ekse | D de eae ; Ft : .Y) Guide Leaflets publi by the! a : ae ue ve AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL vasTORY RUE iy TR . a od Bh % Tere >: 7 deta dag | For Sale at the M . . er ieee aim at ETS Th) A ; riers eaee ttl iyo : tite wii 1— THE BIRD ROCK GROUP. | By. E M. Seba ‘Reagent Curator of Mamumalogy and Ornithology, October, 1901. Price, 10 cents. Curator of Archwology. December; 1901,. Price, 10 cents. » | ne | a 3.— THE HALL OF FOSSIL VERTEBRATES.) By W, D. Maxi, nt - Ph.D,, Assistant Curator of Vertchente Palsontology. January, 1902. 1902. eet i i Out of print, . 4. THE COLLECTION OF MINERALS, Be ibe By ae ae ci Curator of Minerilogy. February, 1002. ‘Revises: edition, May, 908,)| eller i Price, 10 cents. ’ — 1% ' # ‘at iis ca ni “ 5.— NORTH AMERICAN RUMINANTS. By J.-A. yeretor ey ‘Ouran RENE cl of Matmmalogy and Ornithology. Match, 1902. Revised. edition, | apt .. February, 1904, Price, 10 cents... eee 6,— THE: ANCIENT BASKET MAKERS OF. SOUTHEASTERN: UTAH... AeA dileea By Goran H. Prrver, Assistant in Anthropology. April, 1902, tit ato ata Second edition, May, 1909. Price, 10 cents. - cm ae 7.- THE BUTTERFLIES OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK CITY. Ghandi: By Wrmitam BrvTENMULLER, Curator of Entomology. May, bc Seem Out of print. te Bg im 8—THE SEQUOIA. A. rem t Review ‘a Biological ‘Belance: ‘py i at ae Grorce H. Smanwoon, A.M, saiisue Carator: November, 1902, ate Price, 10- cents. rt if bea Cate 9,— THE EVOLUTION OF ‘THE HORSE, By W. D. ditaareinte: Shane a Associate Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology. ‘SORUAEY, 1903. ‘Seer KATE eer ah ond edition, May, 1905, Out of print. |.) | tate vee Cie {\ iy a 78 ‘. i 10. THE HAWK-MOTHS OF THE VICINITY OF NEW YORK cry. sigiaitant at eta By Witt14M BrvTeymoLiEr, ‘Curator ‘of ers ashe et eneut cl Chap He! 1903.. Price, 10. cents. Tae tha oe a Ary ie Assistant in Archeology. July, 1903, Price, 10 cents. baba fh ot, a . 12,— THE COLLECTION OF FOSSH, VERTEBRATES. By W. D. Mame ate eS: maew, Ph.D., Associate Curator of Vertebrate ‘Paleontology. Octo+ Ha | ber, 1903. Out of Prints) =. ARE tithes, ig A GENERAL GUIDE TO TH ANTERICAN MUSHEM OF NATURAL Paes HISTORY. January, 1904 Outof print, ant BF | Curator of Mammalogy and Sis mausict nina 1904) Berit th af February, 1905. Out of print. iy. igh! ast Ye ai 3 Hi byes By Wn.i1am BeurenMo.yer, Curator, of Entomology. October, gee Out of print. "7TH FOSSIL, CARNIVORES, MARSUPIALS AND SMALL MAMA i \ . MALS IN THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, © Me salt By W. D. Marreew, Ph.D,, Associate semlain of Vertebrate dans i ; tology. January,’ 1906. Outof print. MAS meat (Continued on page 3 ar peach ra i) ix in . Hs a ad Hi . wen "yi ‘cm Ria | a Nes otha jel en gia eats ad anh al sa ‘ . eh he Nae, 2 ye ge ay ( *' io " ; , , ve - AMNH LIBRARY i l | | 00050