GENERAL HISTORY OF THE DICHLAMYDEOUS PLANTS, COMPRISING COMPLETE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT ORDERS;" TOGETHER WITH THE CHARACTERS OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES, AND AN ENUMERATION OF THE CULTIVATED VARIETIES: THEIR PLACES OF GROWTH, TIME OF FLOWERING, MODE OF CULTURE, AND USES IN MEDICINE AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY; THE SCIENTIFIC NAMES ACCENTUATED, THEIR ETYMOLOGIES EXPLAINED, AND THE CLASSES AND ORDERS ILLUSTRATED BY ENGRAVINGS, AND PRECEDED BY INTRODUCTIONS TO THE LINN.EAN AND NATURAL SYSTEMS. AND A GLOSSARY OF THE TERMS USED: THE WHOLE ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE NATURAL SYSTEM. BY GEORGE DON, F.L.S. IN FOUR VOLUMES. VOL. IV.— COROLLIFLORvfc. LONDON: PRINTED FOR J. G. AND F. RIVINGTON ; J. AND W. T. CLARKE; LONGMAN AND CO.; T. CADELL ; J. RICHARDSON ; JEFFERY AND SOX : BALDWIN AND CRADOCK ; J. BOOKER; J BOOTH; HARVEY AND DARTON ; S. BAGSTER ; SHERWOOD AND CO.; HARDING AND LEPARD ; J. F. SETCHEL ; WHITTAk^.v AND CO.; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL; AND E. HODGSON. MDCCCXXXVIII. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE DAVIS :•': -..' 'LONDON: GILBERT & RIVINGTON, PRINTERS, ST. JOHN'S SQUARE. INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME, COMPRISING THE SYSTEMATIC AND ENGLISH GENERIC NAMES, AND THE ENGLISH AND SYSTEMATIC SYNONYM ES .* In this Index the systematic names used, and the English name* i Sub-classes and Orders in lor ft iffmtmli ; and the i I in Italics ; the of Claste*. . 113 Achetaria.536 Achras, 33 Jcla-us, 29, 30. 33 X.. Achyrospermtmi. S.Wi. 857 Aciiu. 782 Acnistus, 461 Acokanthera, 485, 486 ./<-»*«, 167 Acoua, 37 Acy,<*. 768 Jdemant^ SS3 Adenum, 80 Aderoo-tree, 19 -ECICEKE.I. 7 JEginetia, 635 jEgochtoa, 240 -Eollanthus. 685 £ikioj.ii. 722. 729 .Eschvnanthus. G56. C-"»7 Afitti'a. 558 Agalmyla, 657 Aganosma, 77 Agatiizia, 532 Agathotes, 177- 178 Agfraivm. 596 Aikinia, 6C5 Ajuga, 870-873 Ajuga, 822. 836. 863 AJI GOIDE-E, 860 Alafia, loo 861 Amphieome, 665 Arophilophium, 236 Amsinckia, 373, 374 Adenema, 201 Anabata. 166 Anantherix, 145 Anarrhinum. 531. 532 Anatter. 166 Amasifra. 16o Anchosa, 339-343 Anckw, 309. 314. 324 327- 336-338. 345, 346. 348, 349. 351. 359 AscHfsE-E. 339 Amdrrtooia, 166 184 , 612 618. 619 624 Alectra, 635 Alkekengi. 449 Alktkngi. 448. 44 Allamanda, 102. 103 ALLAMANDIEI, 102 AHoplectus, 654. 655 Alonsoa. 513 Alopecurat. 823 AUtonia, 86, 87 AltUmia, 1 ALSTOMEJE, 86 Alyxia, 96, 97 AL'YXIE-E. 96 Amaracus, 764 Amara.409 AnguiUaria, 12, 13. 17-19 Ani»eJa,295 Anisockilus, 685 Anisodas, 457 Anisotnelet, 121, 822 -' ' , Anoaymot, 87. 169. 171- 303. 326 Anoplon, 633, 634 ANTHOCERCE.E, 478 Anthocercis, 478 Anthorleista, 68 A*tkytas,3M .RHIHE.E, 514 Antirrhinum, 514-517 Anlirrhinym, 517-532. 534, 548.555 A, . . •'- AfkamteUht. 713. 714 APOCYXE.E. 69 Apocynnm, 8*1-82 Apocynm, 72, 73. ~,R. 80. S3. 85. 127. 143. 154. 156. 158. 162 Apple of Sodom, 433 Aqmarlia, 425 170 Aragoa,23? ARAGOACEi, 236 Araajia, 148, 149 : Archangel, 81 7-819 : AnMmemtt, 550. 645. 653 ', Ardisia, 13-20. 23 Arditia, 9, 10. 13 21 . Arditioeea, 1 AlDlSIE-E, 8 ^nfama, 104 Argania, 87, 28 A—,:. I.M Argnzia, 369 A 'r> .:3. I*"-*'.' Argyreia, 254-257 Argyrcio, 253, 254. 263 AEG'TREIJE. 253 Arnebia. 322 Artenema, 549, 550 Atmrna, 515. 638 ASCLEPIADEjE, 106 Asdepias, 139-142 Atclfpiat, 81. 124-1-7- 129- 133.135-138 143 147.149. 151-157. 160, !61 AsCLEPIEf , 139 Ash, 53-56 Ash. Common, 53, 54 Ash, Flowering, 56, 57 Ash, Manna, 56, 57 tofamf, ttj Atpenga, 337- 341 Acpidosperma. 103 Astephanus. 158 •rias, 184 Astianthns. 228 AOa-xrofkyUm, 10 A tropa, 455-457 Atnpa, 4ia 451. 452. 455. 457. 461. 479 Aabergene, 432 Audibertia, 757 , 105 B. Badala, 12 /.' -. • ;- --"-J Balfouria, 84 Ballota, 843. 844 Bailcta, 702, 703. 821, 822. 846 A 2 Balm, 780-784 Balm, Basil, 782 Balm, Common, 783 Balm, Field, 781 BalmofGUead, 815 Balm, Mountain, 781 BartlUtia, 12 Aortauo, 184 Bartsia.612 Barttia, XI. 5M. 613-615 Bastard Balm, 815 Basil, 670-674 Basil, Least, 670. C?l Basil, Sweet, 670 674 Basil, Wild, 782, 783 Baalicmm, 670. 67 2 Bassia,35,36 Bm»^im. 41? Bastard Jasmine, 481-485 Batata, 400 Batatas, 260-262 Balsdua, 325, 396. 372 Bean-trefoil, 167 Beamnontia, 77 Becabunga, 576 Beech Drops, 634 Bell Pepper, 446 Belladonna, 456. 457 456. 461 198 BiaetmUia, 214 Xut, African, 42 Blattaria, 496 Blephilia, 759, 7«0 Blinkworthia, 257 Boea, 608 Baa, 608 Bog-bean, 167 Boliyarij, 58 Bonamia,300 ' - Bonnmjra, 537, 538 Btmmaya, 549,550 B~pl~Ui., 247 Borage, 309 BOKAGEf, 309 BORAG1NE.E. 3*6 BonrmoUet, 309. 3U BeOimia, 451. 452 j BekKtemma, 130 Benzoin, 6 ' Bergamint, 718 Berixgrria, 843,844 Bederia, 651. 652 Bttltria, 533. 653 656. 661 BESLERII-.E. 651 804 823, 824. 831- Betony, 823, 821 Beurreria, 389. 390 Beyrichia, 535 Bignonia, 216 222 Bif»>B. .-1 1 ... .-•_--— J _- Cl«* DvTdtmamsfmMm^ wlu Boschnukia, 634 Bothriospermnm, 348 Box-Thorn, 457-461 Brachrlep^ 161 Brachystelma, 124, 1 25 Bramia,546 Bramia,5t6 Breweria, 299, 300 Brook- lime, 576 Broom-Rape. 628-631 Browallia, 477. 478 Bmnfelsia, 476 Bmgmansia, 474. 475 Bnchnera, 583-585 Awftswra, 582, 583. 585. 588. 589. 591, 592. 645 BUCHSERE-E, 582 Bock-bean. 167, 168 Baddlea, 59&601 BcDDLIEi. 596 Bogle, 870-873 Bugle, Common, 8/1 . 324 IV INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME. Bugloss, 338-343 BUGLOSSE*, 339 Buglossum, 338, 339, 340. 342. 368 Bttgula, 791. 870-873 Bully-tree, 33 Bumelia, 29-31 Bumelia, 11. 14. Bungea, 613 Burgsdorffia, 840 Bystropogon, 761, 762 Bystropogon, 702, 703. 710. 780 C. Caballeria, 10, 11 Caconapea, 547 Cahan Laguen, 204 Caimito, 33 Cainito, 31 Calabash-tree, 232 Calamintha, 771. 779-782. 784. 809 Calamint, 784 Calampelis, 231, 232 Calabura, 383 Calathian Violet, 193-195 Calboa, 259 Calceolaria, 602-608 Calceolaria, 608 G'ALCEOLARIE/E, 601 Caldasia, 247 Callopisma, 197 Calonyction, 263, 264 Calorhabdos, 580 Calosacme, 659, 660 Calosanthes, 229 Calotropis, 146, 147 Calpicarpum, 100 Calves-snout, 516 Calycabolos, 299 Calydermos, 457 Calystegia, 296, 297 Calystegia, 295. 297 Calytriplex, 545 Cameraria, 92 Cameraria, 80. 86 Camellia, 82 Campanistrum, 827 Campsis, 230 Campuleia, 583 Canala, 372 Caniram, 65 Cannychum, 124 Canopholis, 634 Canscora, 198, 199 Cantua, 248, 249 Cantua, 244-248. 486 Cappuris, 104 Capraria, 642 Capraria, 543. 545. 548. 551. 616, 617. 642 Capsicum, 444-447 Caralluma, 122, 123 Ca.ra.llu.ma, 123 Carandas, 104 CARANDIE.S, 103 Caranga, 544 Cardiaca, 819-821. 830 Cargillia, 43 Carissa, 104, 105 Carissa, 78 Carmona, 391 Carpodinus, 101 Cartoffel, 400 Caruncularia, 122 Cassida, 791. 793. 795. 79? Castilk-jii, 614-616 Catalpa, 230 Catena, 806,807. 810 Catharanthus, 95 Cat-mint, 803-811 Cat-mint, Common, 807 Cat Thyme, 867 Cavanillea, 40, 41 Celsia, 498, 499 Celsia, 513 Centaurella, 183, 184 C,'ii tit u riii HI, 199. 204 Centaury, 204 Centranthera, 562 Centronia, 663 Ceranthera, 789 Ceranthus, 52 Cerbera, 97 Cerbera, 98, 99, 100 Cercocoma, 83 Cerdana, 381 Cedronella, 815, 816 Cerinthe, 320, 321 Cerinthe, 314. 316 Cerinthoides, 317 Ceropegia, 109-112 Ceropegia, 153. 158 CESTRINE*:, 480. 486 Cestrum, 480-485 Cestrum, 461. 485, 486 ChcEtostachys, 710 Chaiturus, 821 Chaixia, 498 Chamasclema, 809 Chamtedrys, 867, 868 Chamapithys, 873 Chasmonia, 856 Cheilyctit, 759 Cheiranthus, 596 CHELONE/E, 636 Chelone, 640, 641 Chelone, 636-640. 664 Chenostoma, 589-591 Cherry-pepper, 446 Chilli-pepper, 444-447 Chilocarpus, 101 Chilodia, 798 Chilopsis, 228 Chionanthus, 50 Chionanthus, 50. 52, 53 Chirata, 659, 660 Chirata, 178 Chirayta, 178 Chirita, 657 Chironia, 202, 203 Ckironia, 199. 203-20?. 212, 213 ClIIKONI.F., 202 Chlora, 198 CMora, 207 Chondrospermum, 50 Chonemorpha, 76 Choripetalum, 21 Chotekta, 713 Chrysophyllum, 31, 32 Chrysophyllum, 10, 11. 28-31 Cladostyles, 302 Clandestina, 634 Clary, 728-730 Clary, Common, 728 Clary, Green -topped, 727 Clary, Purple-topped, 727 Clary, Red-topped, 727 Clavija, 25 Clearing Nut, 65 Clethra, 5 Clerodendrum, 863 Clinopodiitm, 612. 68C. 696. 762. 782-784. 845. 849 Clown's Ail-Heal, 827 Ciminalis, 193 Ciponima, 2 Cistanthe, 633 Cobaea* 236 COBEACE.E, 236 Codon, 251, 252 Codonanthus, 16C Codonophora, 650 Coilantha, 184-186 Coleus, C82-685 Coleus, 678 Coldenia, 365 Colebrookia, 715 Collinsia, 555, 556 Collinsonia 773, 774 Collomh, 246, 247 Collijris, 133-135 Colquhounia, 857 Colsmannia, 313 Columellia, 58 COLUMELLIE^E, 57 Columnea, 652, 653 Columnea, 541-543. 550. 645. Comfrey, 312, 313 Conchophyllum, 134, 135 Conobea, 535. 552 Conobea, 541. 555 Conomorpha, 8 Conopharyngia, 94, 95 Conostylus, 8 | Conradia, 650, 651 Conradia, 560 CONRADIE.S, 650 CONVOLVULACE^:, 252 CONVOLVULEjE, 258 Convolvuloides, 262, 263 1 Convolvulus, 283-294 Convolvulus, 253-283. 295- 303. 306 Cordia, 375-387 Cordia, 371. 387, 388. 390, 391 Cornus, 379 COROLL^FLOR^:, 1 Cortesia, 390, 391 Coryanthus, 759 Corynocarpus, 23 Cosmostigma, 132 Couma, 102 Coutoubca, 201 COUTOUBE.S, 200 Cow-wheat, 626, 627 Crabowskia, 480 Crafurdia, 200 C'raniolaria, 235 Craniolaria, 650 Craniospermum, 327 Craniotome, 836 Crattcogmum, 626 Crescentia, 232 Crescenlia, 233 CRESCENTIEjE, 232 Cressa, 300 Crisla galli, 618, 619 Cryphia, 798 Cryptostegia, 164 [ Cryptostomum, 37 Crytolepis, 82 Cudicia, 80 Cujete, 232 Cullumia, 207 Cunila, 774, 775 Cunila, 775, 776. 779- 786. 801 Cuscuta, 303-305 CUSCUTE.S, 303 Curania, 544 Curare, 66 Curtia, 202 Cyathospermum, 67 Cybanthera, 540 Cybianthus, 8, 9 Cymaria, 873, 874 Cymbalaria, 518-520 Cymbaria, 627 CYMBARIEJE, 627 Cychnium, 586 Cyclottegia, 714 Cynanchum, 150-155 Cynanchum, 124. 130-132. 137, 138.148,149. 156-159. 162 Cynoctonum, 97- 171 CYNOGLOSSEJE, 348 Cynoglossoides, 309. 311 Cynoglossum, 352. 357 Cynoglossum, 310, 311. 347- 349.351,352 Cyrilla, 543. 645 Cyrtandra, 660-662 Cyrtandra, 657- 663 CYRTANDRACE.E, 656 Cyrtandracetf, 643 CYRTANDREjE, 660 Cyrtophyllum, 66 D. Daemia, 156 Dalbergaria, 655 Dalea, 478 Dartus, 486 Dasystephana, 186, 187. 194 Date Plum, 38-41 Date Plum, Virginian, 39 Datura, 472-474 Datura, 475 DATURE*, 472 Dead Nettle, 819 Deadly Nightshade, Common, 456, 457 Deadly Nightshade, 455-457 Decalepis, 162 Deianira, 197 Delostoma, 228 Dentaria, 634 Dentldia, 682 Demidofia, 303 Desfontainia, 213, 214 DESFONTAINIE,», 681 Isonema, 78 Isoplexis, 506, 507 /rora, 481 J. Jaboroca, 461, 462 Jacaranda, 225, 226 JaearamJa, 219-221 Jacob's Ladder, 238 Jacquemontia, 283 Jacquinia, 24. 25 Jalap, 271, 272 Jalapa, 271 Jasmine, 59-64 Jasmine, Carolina, 87 Jasmine, Common, 63 Jasminum, 59-64 Jatmmtm, 481 JASMINEACE.S, 58 Jen*m, 168 Limnophila, 542, 54S Limosella, 552 LimoteUa, 536 Linanthus. 243 Linaria, 517-531 Linaria, 532. 534 Lindernia, 551 Lmdernia, 542. 544, 545 LinJcia, 213 Linociera, 52, 53 VI INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME. Lion's Ear, 850 LISIANTHE.E, 207 Lisianthus, 207-209 Liiiantlius, 87. 197. 201, 202 210,211 Lita, 199, 200 Lithospermum, 321-325 Lithoipermum, 317 319. 320 358. 360. 3C3. 365. 373 LlTHOSPERMEJ., 321 Lobelia, 596 Lobostemon, 338 Lodh, 3 Lodhra, 3 Loeselia, 247, 248 Logania, 164, 165 LOGANIACE.E, 164 Loganietr, 164 Lonchostoma, 306 Lonicera, \1\ Lophanthus, 802, 803 iopliantltus, 803 Lophospermum, 533 Lopkofpermum, 562 Lotos, European, 38 Lousewort, 619 626 Love Apple, 443, 444 Loxonia, 663 Loxophyllum, 547 LOXOTIEJE, 664 Loxotis, 664 Lillian, 6 Lucuma, 33, 34 Lumnitzera, 672. 674-676. 681. 756 Lungwort, 317, 318 Lutrostylis, 391 Lychnidea, 246. 592 Lycium, 457-461 Lycium, 104. 461. 480 Lycopersicum, 443, 444 Lycopersicum, 400. 411 Lycopsis, 338, 339 Lycopsis, 336 339. 341. 343 Lycopus, 720-722 Lycopia, 775 Lyncea, 562 Lyonsia, 80 Lyperia, 591-593 Lysionotis, 65? M. Maba, 43 Macbridea, 816 Macranthera, 560 Macromeria, 326 Macroscepis, 148 Macrostema, 259 Mad Apple, 432 Madwort, German, 357 M.ESE*:, 21 Ma-sa, 21, 22 Majana, 712 Mala, 411,432 Mammee-Sapota, 33, 34 Mammee-Sapota, Common, 33. Mandrake, 454, 455 Mandragora, 454, 455 Mangaibo, 102 Manghas, 98 Manglilla, 10-12 Manulea, 593-596 Manulea, 557. 587 593 Maripa, 254 Marjoram, 764-766 Marjoram, Bastard, 765 Marjoram, Pot, 766, 767 Marjoram Sweet or Knotted, 766 Marjoram, Wild, 7C5 Marjoram, Winter Sweet, Marjorana, 766, 767 Mar/cea, 48? Marmoritis, 811 Marsdenia, 130-132 Marsh-trefoil, 167 Marsypianthus, 686 Marrubiastrum, 83?. 840. 844 Marrubium, 840-843 Marrubium, 682. 822 846 Marum, 728. 766, 767 Martynia, 234, 235 Martynia, 235. 649 Martyniacea, 233 Masus, 542 Matelea, 139 Matourea, 547 Mattia, 310 Maurandya, 532, 533 Mayenne, 432 Mayepea, 52 Mecardonia, 546 Medeola, 25 Melampyrum, 626, 627 Melampyracece, 618 Melanzana, 432 Melasma, 562 Melia, 546 Melissa, 780-784 Melissa, 715. 756. 761. 7/1. 775. 780. 786 MELISSINEJE, 775 Melittis, 815 MelMis, 816 MKI.OIUMI:.!:, 101 Mclodinus, 101 Melongena, 432 Melongena, 408. 432 Melongene, 432 Memecylon, 12 Menodora, 58 Mentha, 716-720 Mentha, 674. 711-715. 762. 779, 780 MENTHOIDE.S, 711 MENYANTHACE/E, 167 Menyanthes, 167, 168 Menyanthes, 168, 169 Meriandra, 722 Mertensia, 318-320. 372 Mesona, 675 Messerschmidtia, 370-372 Messerschmidtia, 325. 369 Metaplexis, 155 Metaplexls, 153 Metastelma, 158 Meyenia, 486 Microcale, 213 Vlicrocarpsea, 536 Microcjrptta, 53?. 643 Microcorys, 802 Wicroloma, 158 Microloma, 136. 15? Hicromeria, 771, 772 Micromeria, 776-780 tlirrost IMI in MI. 124 Millingtonia, 229 Jimulus, 552-554 Mimulut, 555. 618 iliniusop , 34, 35 Wimusops, 35 Mina, 259 Mint, 716-720 Mint, Water, 718, 719 Mint, Wild, 719 Mitraria, 653 Mitrasacme, 172, 1?3 Mitreola, 171 Mitsa, 683 \fogorium, 59-62 Moldavian, 808. 813 Moltkia, 326, 327 Moltkia, 338 Molucca, 856 Molucca Balm, 856 Molucella, 856 Molucella, 820. 841. 844, 845 855 Monarda, 758, 759 Monarda, 759, 760. 822 MONARDE^E, 722 Monardella, 763, 764 Monetia, 105 Monkey-flower, 552-554 Monniera, 545 Monodynamis, 166 Montabea, 37 Montira, 536 Moorcroftia, 259 Morelle, 411, 412 Morelosia, 391, 392 Morenoa, 259, 260 Morgania, 543, 544 Morgania, 538. 544. 548, 549 Moscharia, 873 Moschosma, 675 Mosla, 775 Mother-wort, 820, 821 Moth Mullien, 497 Mouroucoa, 306 Mouse-ear, 343-348 Mudor Plant, 146 Mullien, 489-498 Mullien, Common, 489 Murex, 235, 236 Mutabea, 37 Myconia, 498 Myosotis, 343-348. 372, 373 Myoiotit, 323. 340, 341. 348- 351 Myrmecia, 197 Myrsine, 9-12. 23 Myrsine, 12. 19. 21 MYKSINEACE/E, 7 MyrsinetE, 7 Myxa, 379 Myxopyruin, 50 N. Nama, 250 Nama, 249 Navarretia, 247 Pfavicularia, 837 Nefflea, 499 Ketnatanthus, 654 Nemesia, 533. 534 Nemia, 595, 596 Nemophila, 394, 395 Nemophila, 393 Nepeta, 803-811 Nepeta, 678. 687- 701. 703. 763. 771. 780. 803. 812. 822. 836. 847 EPETE^, 802 "Jeriurn, 84 Nerium, 80. 82, 83. 85, 86. 90. 105 132. 164 7 Phillyrea, 45, 46 PkiUyrta, 49 Pkleboantkf, 8/2 Pklamidoptu, 850. 853, 854 PMomi«, 850-854 Pkltmit, 833. 844 850. 855 Pklomoidtt, 850. 853. 854 Phlox, 240-243 Phlox, 246-248 Phtheirospermom. 561 Phyllanthera. 163 Phyllopodium. 588 Phyllostegia, 858 859 Physalis. 447-451 Pkytalit, 451, 45-2. 456. 457 PkytaloOft, 448. 450 Phy*Ui*m,G09 Pkytiantkia. 149 Phywxalyi,' 56 1,562 Pkysocafyz, 562 Physoclaina, 4/0 Pbysostegia, 815. 816 Physostelma, 128 Pk'ylorys, 835, 836 Piaranthus, 113, 114 Picotia, 351, 352. 356 Picrophlavus. 66 Picrorhira, 581 Pikria, 6!7 Pink-root, 171 PipereUa, 776, 777 77!» Piptoclaina, 364 Pishamin, 39 Pishamin, Sweet, 101 Pittotia. 366. 368. 371. 390 Pladera, 199 Plagiobotrys, 373 Plmtafint'lla, 552 Platotloina, 675 Plat**i*m. 856 Platycarpum, 228,229 Platystemma, 664 PlecUneia, 87 Plectranthtw, 6*7 Pltctraxthm, 672. 674-676. 682-685 Pleurogyna, 188 Plumiera, 93, 94 Plumiera, 95 Pneuroonanthe, 193-105 Pmnmomnthf, 184-186 Podanthes. 117. lit! Podontlri, 121 Podottigma. 145, 146 Pogogyne, 789 Pogostemon. 71 1, 712 Poison Nui, 65 POLEMOMACE.E. C37 Polemonium. 23.' Paltmo»i*a, 244. 306 394, 395 Point*, 868, 869 PoUicMa,'A\\. 818, 819 Poly, 869, 870 Poly, Dwarf, Mountain, 869 Poly. Mountain, 869 Polycarena, 588 Polymeria, 295. ] I'olyo'.us. 143 Porana, 298 Port land in. 475 Poulia. 67. 68 POTALIACE.E, 67 ' Potalieff. 67 Potatoe, 400-406 Polatoe, Spanish, 260 Potmtoe, Sweet, 260 Pouteria, 37 PRASIE.E. 857 Prasium, 860 815, 816. 824. 858, Prepusa, 197, 198. Preslasa. 365 Preslea, /lo Prestonia, 83 Prerostea, 299 Privet, 45 Probotcutea, 234 PROSTASTHERE.E, "98 Prostamhera, 798, 800 ProslaaOiera, 798. 802 Prunella, 790 Prutella, 675. 791 410, 411. Pteudodictammu, 843, 844 Ptychotria, 92 Pterostelma, 128 Pterostigma, 538. 539 Puccoon, 326 Pulcgivm, 715. 7» Pulmonaria, 317. 318 Pulmtmaria, 318-320 Purga,271 Punhia, 317 Pychnantbemum, 762, 763 Pydbmtimm, 764 Pychnostachys, C86 Pyrpa, 14 " PyruUtmtJura, 239 Pyridaria, 551 QuaiKOclit, 258-260 R. Ramondia, 498 Ranaria. 547 Rapamea, 10 Raphistemma. 1 45 Rauwolfia, 98, 99 XamvelJU, 90. 99, 100 RcKtimoria, 563 Rfichflia, 249, 250 Reixtcardtia, 299 Rejoua, 92 Sfnealmia. 168 Reuia, 386 RETZIACE.t. 306 Rhibdia, 391 KJiamuaa, 28. 389 Rhamphicarpa, 585, 586 RHIXANTHACE.E. 618 Rbioanthus, 618. 619 BJumamOaa, 557. 56). 612. 613. 619 SJutopkara. 8 Rhodochittat, 533 Rhynchoglossum. 618 Rhynchotechum. 663 RJiyxotprmtTx. 51 Riba, 20 Kibffiaidet, -20 Rindera. 31! Kinder a. 310 RISDEKE.E. 309 Rivea, 253. 254 Rizoa, 785 Rochefortia, 392, 393 Rochelia, 351 Rochelia, 347-351 RacKtria, 10. 28. 31 Romanzoffia, 643 Roslinia, 203 Rosmarinus, 757, 758 RosmaHmu, 835 Rosemary, 757, 758 Rouhanon. 66 Royena. 42 Rfyema, 42 Roylea, 845 RiuUia, 537 Russelia, 513, 514 Ruytcfdana, 813, 814 Rytidophyllum, 650 Sibbatia, 206, 207 Satbatia, 201. 213. 776. 777 Sage, 722-756 Sage, Common, 723 Sage, Wild, 732 Sagimm, 184 Sagouea, 249, 250 Sairanthus. 467 Salpiglossis, 469 Sfipiglotsit, 468 Salvia, 722-756 Samara, 912. 20 Sambac, 59 Sapodillo-tree, 33 Sapota, 33 SAPOTACEJE. 26 SapoU-tree, 33 Smp»Uf, 26 Saracha, 451, 452 Sarcolobus, 136 Sarcostemma, 156. 157 Sarcottfmma. 149 Sarruienta, 651 Satureia, 771. 772 Satureia, 704. 770 77 i "7 781. 811 SATUREIXE.E. 761 Saussarea. 803 Savoiy, 771. 772 Savory, Summer. 771 SaTory, Winter. 771 Saiifraga, 643 Scabritu, 64 Scammony. 289 Sclarea, 722. 726. 728 732. 752 Scoparia, 642, 643 Scopolia, 470 .S: ..i ;,- ..7. 47" Seondtmia, 862. 864 867 Scorpion-Grass, 343 348 Sckrlceria, 609 Schizanthus, 469, 470 SckoUia, 126 I Sckraderia, 722. 726 Schrebera, 231 Schubertia, 148 Schubleria, 201 Schulteda. 196 Schwalbea, 61 0 Sdtmegdcherla, 168 Scltroxyla*, 10 SCUTELLARINEI, 789 Sebca, 211,212 Sebea, 19?. 212, 213 Sebestena, 375 Stbatna, 379. 380 Secamone, 159 SECAMOXE.E. 159 Stlago, 592 595 Selatium, 196 Self-heal, 790 Sepistan, 378. 379 SerpyllMm, 768 Serratvla, 544 Sersalisia, 27 Sesamum, 234 Stmrnmrn, 550 Sesaea, 487 Seitea, 481 Seymeria, 560 Scr&Jaria, 507 Scrophularia, 507-513 Scropkularia, 513. 562 SCROPHULARIE.C . 504 SCROPHULAR1NE.E, 500 Scutellaria, 791-797 Scutellaria, 680. 783 864 Shea-tree, 36 Shepherd's-club. 489 Shutereia, 297 Sbomntia, 22 Sibtborpia. 641 Sibtkarpia. 302 641. 642 SIBTHORPlACEi, 641 SifHngia, 2-2U Sideritis, 836-840 Sideritis, 823-825 831 835 Sideroxylon, 28. 29 Siderofyhm, 10 12. 27-31 Sauamgia, 649 651 Siphonostegia. 613 Sipkotofit, 857 Skinneria, 297. S98 Skullcap, 791-797 Slipperwort, 602 60S SmMia, 258 Snakewood, 106 Snap-Dragon, 514 517 Snsp-Dragon, Common. 516 Snow-drop-tree. 6, 7 Solandra, 475, 47G SOLANACE^E, 397 SUamef, 397 SOLANE.E. 400 Solannm, 400 442 Sola**m, 443, 444. 451. 453. 454. 456. 487, 488 Solenanthus, 311 Soitnottrmmi, 682. 683 Sopubia, 557, 558 Spanish Elm, 380 Spalbodea, 222. 223 Spatkodra. 216. 227 229 Spearmint, 717, 718 Speedwell, 563-57'J Speedwell, Officinal, 5/0 Sffrlimgia, 128 Sphacele, 835, 836 Spharotheca, 546 Sphenandra, 589 Spica, 710 Spigelia, 170, 171 SPIGELIACE^E, 169 Squaaimaria, 634 STAC11YDE-E. 815 Stachys, 823-835 Stackyi, 704. 802. 821. 822 836.847 Stapelia, 114-11? Stapelia, 112-123. 125. 126 STAPELIE.E. 109 Star Apple, 31, 32 Starbia,bG\ Staurantbera, 665 Stemodia, 539-542 Stemodia, 535. 539 Ste**rr>,exa, 722. 730 Stenogyne, 859. 860 Stenolobium, 227. 228 Step},anotit. Ill Steripka, 302 Sltrii, 249 SteudeUa, 26 St. Ignatius's Bean, 65 Slccckat, 709 Stackrlina. 612 Stomotechium, 313 Storax, 4-6 Storax, Officinal, 4 Stramonium, 473 Stramonium, 472-47-i Srreptocarpus, Co."! Streptocaulon, 161 atrtfteeaulom, 161, 162 Striga.582 Strobila,327 Strophanthus, 84, 85 STRYCHNACE.i£, 64 Stryckmor, 64 Strychnos, 64-66 Strydo^endnt, 411 Stylovdro, 146 Styroccf, 3 STTRACIKE^, 3 Styrai, 46 Sulzrria, 166 Swallow-wort, 139-142 Swartzia, 475 Swertia, 175, 1/6 Swcrtia, 169. 1/6 179. 184. 188.207 SYMFHTTE*, 312 Symphytum, 312, 313 Sympkyt*m,3lO Symholanthus, 210 SYMPLOClNE.t, Symplocos, 1-3 Synandra, 816 Syringa, 51 Syrimga, 51 SYRINGE*, 51 T. Tabaaa, 462. 46? Tabenuemontana, 87 !)2 Tabenuemfcate-flowered Symplocos. Tree or shrub. 22 S. RACEHOSA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 539.) leaves oblong, gla- brous, serrulated ; racemes axillary, generally simple ; nut 3- celled. Jj . S. Native of Burdwan and Midnapore, in Bengal. The Sanscrit name of the tree is Savura and Lodhra, and the Bengalee one Lodh. Myrtus, Retz, obs. 4. p. 26. Leaves 2-6 inches long. Flowers yellow. The bark of this tree is in request among dyers of red in Calcutta, and is met with in the markets of that town for a trifling price. It seems to be used as a mordaunt only to dye with Mungeet (a species of Rubia), in which the bark called Lodh is an ingredient. For three yards of cloth take Lodh and the bark of Bvra Hur (Terminalia Che- bula) of each one chatuk, or two ounces, pound them together, and mix them with water, and steep the cloth in it ; then dry it. Take one chatuk of alum, dissolve it in water, and boil it ; put the cloth into this solution, and let it boil for an hour, then wash and dry it. Then take^/ ( Morinda tinctbria) one chatuk, Dhawra flowers (Grislea lomentbsa) one chatuk, Mungeet half a seer (nearly a pound), separately mix them with lukewarm water, and boil it. Then put in the cloth and let it boil for 40 minutes. Aboor, the red powder used by the natives during the Hoolee holidays, is made about Kheerpaee of the bark of this tree. Racemose- flowered Symplocos. Tree 20 feet. 23 S. CAUDA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 4413.) leaves lanceolate, or elliptic-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, long-acuminated, obso- letely denticulated ; racemes simple, axillary, downy ; calyx minute. fj . S. Native of Silhet. TVjjV-leaved Symplocos. Shrub or tree. 24 S. LU'CIDA (Wall. cat. no. 4414.) leaves smooth, shining on both surfaces, coriaceous, elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, entire at the base, and serrated from below the middle, acuminated ; racemes downy, branched. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies. iSAinin^-leaved Symplocos. Shrub or tree. 25 S. PYRIFOUA (Wall. cat. no. 4415.) leaves elliptic or ob- long, acuminated, shining, coriaceous, entire, or denticulated towards the tops ; racemes simple, slender, glabrous, twice the length of the petioles. J? . S. Native of Silhet. Pear-leared Symplocos. Shrub or tree. 26 S. LAVR'IXA (Wall. cat. no. 4416.) leaves oblong or elliptic, acuminated, denticulated, shining, smooth ; racemes simple or branched at the base, downy. (; . S. Native of the East Indies. Myrtus laurina, Herb. madr. Eugenia laurina, Rottl. herb. Laurel-like Symplocos. Shrub or tree. 27 S. HAMILTONIA'NA (Wall. cat. no. 4420.) leaves elliptic- lanceolate or oblong, repandly denticulated ; racemes simple, downy, Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Decadia racemosa, Hamilt. herb. Hamilton's Symplocos. Shrub or tree. 28 S. RI'GIDA (Wall. cat. no. 4422.) leaves oblong, coriaceous, stiff, quite entire, or repand, obtuse ; racemes long, downy, simple, or branched at the base. Ij . S. Native of the Burman empire, at Moalmeyne. Stiff Symplocos. Shrub or tree. 29 S. POLYCA'RPA (Wall. cat. no. 4423.) leaves elliptical, acu- minated, repandly denticulated ; spikes compound. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies, at Amherst and Tavoy. Many-fruited Symplocos. Shrub or tree. 30 S. OBTU'SA (Wall. cat. no. 4424.) leaves coriaceous, quite entire, oblong-obovate, obtuse, tapering to the base, shining ; spikes simple ; lobes of calyx rounded, imbricate, obtuse, fj .S. Native of the East Indies, on the Neelgherry mountains. Blunt-leaved Symplocos. Shrub or tree. 31 S. RAMOSISSIMA (Wall. cat. no. 4425.) leaves membranous, elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated, denticulated ; racemes axillary and lateral, simple and compound, fj . S. Native of Nipaul, on Sheopore. Much-branched Symplocos. Shrub or tree. 32 S. ADENOPHY'LLA (Wall. cat. no. 4427.) leaves coriaceous, lanceolate, tapering to both ends, long-acuminated, usually quite entire ; racemes compound, downy. Fj . S. Native of Penang. Gland-leaved Symplocos. Shrub or tree. 33 S. MOLLIS (Wall. cat. no. 4433.) branches, racemes, pe- tioles, and nerves of leaves on the under surface clothed with rusty hairs ; leaves elliptic, acuminated, quite entire ; spikes compound. I? . S. Native of Penang. Soft Symplocos. Shrub or tree. SECT. III. PALC'RA (meaning unknown to us). Corolla 5- parted. Stamens disposed in a triple series. Ovarium inferior. — Species natives of Nipaul and China. 34 S. SINI'CA (Ker. bot. reg. 710.) leaves elliptic-oblong, at- tenuated at both ends, mucro- nately serrated, downy on both surfaces and wrinkled ; racemes compound, terminal, and axil- lary ; calycine segments acumin- ated. >j.H. Native of China. Flowers white, (fig. 1.) Chinese Symplocos. Fl. May. Clt. 1 822. Shrub 3 feet. 35 S. CRATJEGOIDES (Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 145.) leaves ovate, acute, ser- rated, villous beneath as well as on the branches ; panicles race- mose, terminal, villous ; calycine segments roundish, membranous. FIG. 1. . G. Native of Nipaul, in the Great Valley, near the town of Thankot. S. paniculata, Wall. Palura odorata, Hamilt. mss. Flowers white, fragrant. This shrub hardly belongs to Symplocos, and has the habit of Prunus Mahabeb. Han-thorn-like Symplocos. Tree or shrub. Cult. The species of Symplocos grow well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and cuttings of them strike readily in sand, under a hand-glass ; those of the tropical kinds in heat. ORDER CXLI. STYRACI'NE-S: (this order only contains the genus Slyrax). Styraceae, part. Richard, ann. du fruct. 1808. Styracineae, part. Rich, in H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 256. Guiacanae part. Juss. gen. 156. Calyx permanent, campanulate, 5-toothed (f. 2. a.). Corolla monopetalous, funnel-shaped ; deeply 3-7-cleft, but usually 5 or 6-cleft, valvate in aestivation. Stamens 1 0, exserted ; filaments monadelphous at the base, adnate to the tube of the corolla ; anthers linear, 2-celled, dehiscing lengthwise inside. Ova- rium superior, 3-celled, many-ovulate, erect. Style 1 (f. 26.). Stigma obsoletely 3-lobed. Drupe nearly dry, containing a 1 -celled, 1-3-seeded nut. Testa of seed double; inner cob- webbed, outer spongy. Embryo inverted, with elliptic coty- B 2 STYRACINE^. I. STY'RAX. ledons, and a thick superior radicle. Albumen fleshy. — Elegant trees or shrubs, usually clothed with stellate tomentum. Leaves entire, alternate, exstipulate. Peduncles axillary or terminal, one or many-flowered. Flowers racemose, bracteate, white or cream- coloured. The Styrax officinale, affords the officinal storax of Asiatic Turkey, and S. Benzoin the fragrant resin of that name. This order is very nearly allied to Halesiaceae, but differs by the decidedly superior ovarium, in the more deeply cleft corolla ; and from SymplocinecB in the superior ovarium, and entire or slightly lobed calyx, and in the stamens being fewer and monadelphous. I. STY'RAX (orvpal, styrax, of Theophrastus and Dioscori- des ; the name is a mere alteration of assthirak, the Arabic name of S. officinale). Lin. gen. no. 595. Tourn. t. 369. Juss. gen 156. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 284. t. 59. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Character the same as that of the order. * A species native of Europe. 1 S. OFFICINA'LE (Lin. spec. FIG. 2. 635.) leaves ovate, clothed with hoary villi beneath, shining and green above ; racemes sim- ple and axillary, 5-6-flowered, shorter than the leaves. £>• H. Native of Italy and the Levant. Cav. diss. 6. p. 338. t. 188. f. 2. Woodv. med. hot. 197. t. 71. Church et Stev. med. bot. 1. t. 47. Andr. bot. rep. 631. Lodd. bot. cab. 928. Plench, icon. 341. Mill. fig. 260. Lob. icon. 151. Leaves about 2 inches long. Flowers white. Drupe ovate, globose. The S. officinale is chiefly remarkable for producing the very powerful and fragrant balsam called storax. It is a native of Syria and the Levant, and is not uncommon all over Greece and the Peloponnesus, being known by the name of \ayofin\ia in modern Greek. It is naturalized in hedges in some parts of Italy, particularly about Tivoli. The finest tree of this species in Britain is in the Apothecaries' Garden at Chelsea. The best storax comes from Asiatic Turkey, and is obtained in a fluid state, from incisions made in the bark of the trunk or branches of the storax-tree. It is brought from Turkey ; but is so adulterated that it is very rarely met with in a pure state. Storax is bitter and pungent to the taste, and has a strong fra- grant odour. Two sorts of balsam are found in the markets — storax in the tear, and common storax in larger masses ; this has been called " storax in the lump," " red storax," and the separate tears, " storax in the tear." The former is very rarely in separate tears, but in masses, composed of white and pale reddish tears, or having a uniform reddish-yellow or brownish appearance, being unctuous to the touch, soft, like wax, and free from visible impurities. This is the trrvpaZ mXafiirris of the ancient Greeks. According to Galen it was formerly brought from Pamphylia, in hollow canes or reeds, whence it was called Styrax calamita. It is preferred to the common storax, in larger masses, which are lighter, less compact than the preced- ing, and have a large admixture of woody matter, like saw dust. Although the impurities of this kind of storax render it less valuable, it is not less useful, and when purified, its medical qualities are no less potent. Storax should be chosen of a reddish brown colour, rather softish, unctuous to the to_uch, yet brittle and friable, and of a pleasant sweet smell. On ac- count of its yielding a pleasant odour of Benzoic acid, when ignited, it is much used in Roman Catholic countries for in- cense. Spirits dissolve it entirely ; it consists principally of resin, with a small portion of Benzoic acid. The directions of the London Pharmacopoeia for purifying storax are : — " Dissolve Balsam of storax in rectified spirit and strain it ; then distil offtlie spirit by a gentle heat until the balsam acquires a proper consistence." It may not be improper here to observe, that the storax of the Pharmacopoeia ought not to be con- founded with the storax of commerce, which is a liquid balsam, said to be obtained from Liquiddmber styraciftua. Storax is stimulating and expectorant, and was formerly pre- scribed for asthma and chronic affections of the windpipe ; for amenorrhcea, &c. It is so far discarded from practice as hardly ever to be used, and is justly designated by Dr. Thomson, as a useless article in the list of Materia Medica. Officinal Storax. Fl. July. Clt. 1597. Tree 12 to 15 feet. * Species natives of North America. 2 S. GRANDIFOLIUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 75.) leaves broad, obovate, acuminated, green above, but clothed with hoary to- mentum beneath ; lower peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered. Tj . H. Native of South Carolina. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1016. Wats. dend. brit. t. 129. S. officinale, Walt. fl. car. 140. S. grandiflo- rum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p 41. Flowers white. Great-leaved Storax. Fl. Jul. Cult. 1765. Tree 12 to 15 feet. 3 S. I^EVIGA'TUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 75. Willd. spec. 2. p. 624.) leaves oval-lanceolate, acute at both ends, glabrous on both surfaces, toothed; peduncles axillary, solitary or twin, 1-flowered. Jj . H. Native of South Carolina and Virginia, in swamps. Lodd. bot. cab. 960. Wats, dendr. brit. t. 40. S. octandrum, Lher. stirp. nov. 2. t. 17. S. glabrum, Cav. diss. C. p. 340. t. 188. f. 1. S. Ise've, Walt. fl. car. 140. S. Americanum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 82. Stamens from 6 to 10. Smooth-leaved Storax. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1765. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 4 S. PULVERULE'NTUM (Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 41. Wats, dendr. brit. 41.) leaves almost sessile ovate or obovate, obtuse; clothed with powdery tomentum beneath ; flowers axillary and nearly terminal by threes on short pedicels. Jj . H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, in woods. S. laevigatum, Curt. bot. mag. 921. Powdery Storax. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1794. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. * * * Species natives of South America. 5 S. TOMENTOSUM (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 2. p. 72. t. 101. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 264.) leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, acute, glabrous above, but clothed with' white to- mentum beneath ; racemes axillary, simple, 5-8-flowers. (7 . S. Native of Quito near Malacates. Pedicles, peduncles, and rachi, clothed with whitish or rusty tomentum, and the calyx with white tomentum. Flowers white. Leaves 3^- to 4-J- inches long. Tomentose Storax. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 6 S. FLO'RIDUM (Pohl. pi. bras. 2. p. 54. t. 134.) leaves ob- long-elliptic, attenuated at both ends, glabrous above, but clothed beneath with greenish-hoary down ; racemes axillary, simple, erectly spreading ; calyx clothed with rusty tomentum. Jj . G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, among bushes in mountainous places. Corollas yellowish-white. Flowery Storax. Tree 10 feet. 7 S. FERRUGINEUM (Pohl. 1. c. p. 55. t. 135.) leaves oblong- ovate, acute, rather attenuated at the base, glabrous above, but greenish-grey beneath, and dotted from tufts of rusty tomentum; racemes axillary, very short, few flowered ; peduncles and calyxes clothed with hoary yellow tomentum. I? . G. Native of Brazil, STYRACINEJE. I. STYRAX. in the province of Minas Geraes, about Villa Rica. Corollas yellowish-white. Rusty Storax. Shrub 5 feet. 8 S. CAMPORL'M (Pohl. 1. c. p. 56. t. 135.) leaves oblong, acu- minated, somewhat attenuated at the base, shining and glabrous above, and clothed with greenish hoary tomentum beneath ; ra- cemes axillary, few-flowered; peduncles and calyxes clothed with hoary yellow tomentum. ^ . S. Native of Brazil. Co- rollas yellowish-white. Field Storax. Shrub 5 feet. 9 S. CRYMOPHT'LLUM (Pohl. 1. c. p. 57. t. 137.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, acuminated, quite glabrous on both surfaces ; racemes axillary, very short, about 4-flowered, and are, as well as the calyxes, clothed with white or greenish tomentum. fj . S. Native of Brazil at Rio Janeiro, among bushes, about Agoacin. Corollas yellowish-white. - eared Storax. Shrub. 10 S. PARVIFOLIVM (Pohl. 1. c. p. 53. t. 133.) leaves oblong- ovate, or oblong-elliptic, obtuse, glabrous above, and clothed with greenish canescent tomentum beneath ; racemes axillary, compound ; calyx clothed with yellowish down girding the pe- ricarp to the middle. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes. Corollas white. Small-leated Storax. Shrub 7 to 8 feet. 11 S. ACUMIXA'TUM (Pohl. 1. c. p. 58. t. 138.) leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous, clothed with greenish hoary tomentum beneath ; racemes axillary, simple ; calyx girding the fruit to the fourth part of its length, and is, as well as the peduncles, clothed with yellowish tomentum. H . S. Native of Rio Ja- neiro, among bushes, about Marambaia. Corollas greenish-white. Acuminated Storax. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 1-2 S. CHRTSA'STERVM (Pohl. 1. c. p. 59. t. 139.) leaves oblong, acute, glabrous and shining above, but clothed with greenish hoary tomentum beneath ; racemes axillary, simple, many-flowered ; calyxes and peduncles clothed with white to- rnentum. Jj . G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, among bushes, by the edges of rivers and fields. Golden-starred Storax. Tree 10 feet. 13 S. LATIFOLICM (Pohl. 1. c. p. 60. t. 140.) leaves large, oval- ventricose, acute, glabrous above, clothed with rusty tomentum beneath ; racemes axillary and terminal, compound ; calyxes and peduncles clothed with rusty tomentum. Ij . G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, in shady mountain- woods. Corollas yellowish-white, downy. Broad-ltared Storax. Tree 15 to 20 feet. 14 S. MACROPHY'LLCM (Pohl. 1. c. p. 61. t. 141.) leaves large, oblong-ovate, acute, rather cordate at the base, glabrous above, clothed with greenish-white tomentum beneath : with reddish-brown villous veins; racemes axillary, short, few- flowered ; calyxes and peduncles clothed with reddish brown villi. '- S. Native of Rio Janeiro, among bushes about Pillar. Corolla yellowish-white. Long-leated Storax. Tree. 15 S. A'LBUM (Mart, in Spreng. syst. 2. p. 284. Pohl. 1. c. p. 62.) leaves oblong-ovate, acute, glabrous above, but clothed with white tomentum beneath, as well as stellate rusty tomen- tum on the veins and nerves ; calyxes and branches clothed with rusty villi. J? . G. Native of Brazil. Flowers whitish. White Storax. Shrub. 16 S. RETICULA'TCM (Mart. reis. bras, ex Linnaea. 5. p. 41.) leaves ovate or obovate-oblong, acute, glabrous above, but clothed with white tomentum beneath, and reticulated with pa- rallel veins and cross nerves ; calyxes clothed with white to- mentum, about equal to the corolla in length. Ij . S. Native of Brazil. Leaves at length repand. Reticulated Storax. Shrub. 17 S. AU'REUM (Mart. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acute, beset with stel- late tufts of tomentum above, but at length shining, clothed with golden yellow tomentum beneath, as well as the branchlets and calyxes, which are a little shorter than the corolla. I? . G. Native of Brazil. Golden-leaned Storax. Shrub or tree. 18 S. TISIFOLTCM ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, hoary beneath ; racemes panicled, terminal, tomentose. V . S. Native of Jamaica. Clethra tinifolia, Swartz. prod. 74. Tinus occi- dentalis. Lin. spec. 530. Volkameria, P. Browne, jam. 3U. t. 21. f. 1. Sloan, jam. 2. p. 86. t. 198. f. 2. Leaves dark green above. Fruit containing a sweet mealy pulp and a hard stone. Sloane calls it the bastard Locust tree. Tinus-leaved Storax. Shrub 10 to 12 feet. * * * * A species native of Africa. 19 S. GDIKEE'HSE ; glabrous, leaves oblong, entire, ending in an obtuse acumen, on short petioles; peduncles many- flowered, corymbose, axillary ; calyx nearly entire or a litde toothed. Ij . S. Native of Guinea in the island of St. Thomas. Flowers very fragrant, white; anthers combined into a tube. Stigma large ovate. Corolla of 4 and 5 petals. Guinea Storax. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. • * * » * Species natives of Asia. 20 S. AGRE'STE ; leaves ovate, acuminated, a little serrated ; glabrous ; peduncles many-flowered, almost terminal ; calyx 5-toothed. ^ . H. Native of Cochin China, among bushes. Cyrta agrestis, Lour. coch. 278. Tube of corolla equal to the calyx in length. Drupe oblong, curved, containing a furrowed nut. Flowers white. Field Storax. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 21 S. VILLOSCM (Blum, bijdr. p. 671.) leaves oblong, acu- minated, acutish at the base, unequal sided, rather villous be- neath ; racemes simple, shorter than the leaves ; flowers with 6, rarely with 5 stamens. Ij . S. Native of Java, in woods, on Mount Salak. Pillous Storax. Fl. Oct. Shrub. 22 S. JAVA'NICCM (Blum, bijdr. p. 671.) leaves oblong acute, rounded at the base, glabrous, rather tomentose on the rib be- neath ; racemes crowded, many-flowered, much shorter than the petioles ; flowers hexandrous. J; . S. Native of Java on the Parang mountains, in the province of Tjanjor ; and in woods on Mount Burangrang. Java Storax. Fl. Aug. Tree 40 to 50 feet. 23 S. VIRGA'TUM (Wall. cat. no. 4400.) branches downy; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, denticulated ; calyx and co- rolla downy outside. Jj . S. Native of Silhet. Calyx obso- letely 5-toothed. Segments of corolla lanceolate. Twiggy Storax. Shrub. 24 S. PORTERIA'XUM (Wall. cat. no. 4401.) branches, calyxes, corollas, petioles and young leaves, downy ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, almost quite entire. I? . S. Native of Penang. Calyx entire. Corolla 6-parted, with elliptic-lanceolate acute segments. Porter's Storax. Shrub. 25 S. FixLAYsoNLiVuM ^Wall. cat. no. 4403.) downy like the last ; leaves elliptic-acuminated, quite entire, canescent beneath. \j . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers fasciculated, ter- minal racemose. Leaves, green above. Calyx obsoletely 5- toothed. Corolla 5-6 cleft. Finlayson's Storax. Shrub. 26 S. SERRULA'TUM (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 415.) leaves oblong acuminated, serrulated, glabrous, racemes terminal, simple, vil- lous; branches pubescent at top, as well as the young leaves beneath. Ij . S. Native of Chittagong. Cyrta, Ham. mss. 6 STYRACINE^E. I. STYBAX. HALESIACE^E. I. HALESIA. Koom-jameva is the Bengaleese name of the tree. Leaves 3 inches long. Corolla 6 -cleft. Drupe 1-4-seeded. Serrulated-leaved storax. Shrub. 27 S. BENZOIN (Dryand. in trans, roy. soc. 77. p. 307. t. 12. Woodv. med. hot. p. 200. t. 72.) leaves ovate-oblong, acumi- nated, glabrous above, but clothed with leprous tomentum be- neath, as well as the calyxes ; racemes compound almost the length of the leaves; flowers with 7-9-10-stamens. f? . S. Native of Sumatra and Java. Church. & Stev. med. hot. 3. 1. 112. Blum, bijdr. p. 671. Plench, icon. t. 342. Benjui, Garc. in Clus. exot. p. 155. A'rbor. Benzoini, Grim, in ephem. acad. nat. cur. dec. 2. ann. 1. p. 370. f. 31. Benzoin, Radermacher, in act. Soc. batav. 3. p. 44. Laurus Benzoin Houtt. in act. harlem. vol. 21. p. 265. t. 7. Benjamin or Benzoin, Marsden, Sumatra, p. 123. Luban is the Bengalese name of the resin. Leaves a hand long. Corolla white, downy outside ; segments linear. — Though Gar- cias, Grim and Sylvias were acquainted with the real tree from which Benzoin is collected, their descriptions are so imperfect that succeeding botanists have fallen into many errors concern- ing it ; and it is remarkable that, although this drug was always imported from the East Indies, most of the later writers on the Materia Medica have conceived it to be collected from a species of Laurus, native of Virginia, to which, from this erroneous supposition, they have given the trivial name Benzoin. Linnaeus Mant. p. 297., seems to think that the drug is furnished by the Crbton Bentzbe, and afterwards, in the Supplementum Plantarum, p. 434, he describes the same plant again under the name of Terminalia Benzoin. Jacquin, who was informed that this shrub was called by the French, Bienjoint, may have occasioned the mistake, from the similar sound of the word. Mr. Dryander, however, in the year 1787, clearly proved it to be a species of Styrax. The tree is deemed in Sumatra to be of sufficient age in 6 years, or when the trunk is about 7 or 8 inches in dia- meter, to afford the Benzoin. The bark is then cut through longitudinally or somewhat obliquely, at the origin of the prin- cipal lower branches, from which the drug exudes in a liquid state, and by exposure to the sun and air soon concretes, when it is scraped off. The trees are not found to sustain the effects of these annual incisions longer than 10 or 12 years. The quantity each tree yields never exceeds 3 pounds. The Benzoin which issues first from the wounded bark is the purest, being soft, extremely fragrant, and very white ; that which is less esteemed is of a brownish colour, very hard, and mixed with various impu- rities. In Arabia, Persia, and other parts of the East, the coarser sort is consumed in fumigating and perfuming temples, and in destroying insects. The Benzoin which we find here in the shops is in large brittle masses, composed partly of white, partly of yellowish or light brown ; that which is clearest and contains the most white matter, is accounted the best. This resin has very little taste, impressing on the palate only a slight sweet- ness ; its smell, especially when rubbed or heated, is extremely fragrant and agreeable. It totally dissolves in rectified spirit, the impurities excepted, into a deep yellow-red liquor, and in this state discovers a degree of warmth and pungency as well as sweetness. It imparts, by digestion, to water also, a consider- able share of its fragrance, and a slight pungency ; the filtered liquor, gently exhaled, leaves not a resinous or mucilaginous extract, but a crystalline matter, seemingly of a saline nature, amounting to one-tenth of an eighth of the weight of Benzoin. Exposed to the fire in proper vessels, it yields a quantity of white saline concrete, called Flores Benzoes, of an acidulous taste, and grateful odour, soluble in rectified spirit, and in water by the assistance of heat. As the trees which afford Storax and Benzoin, are species of the same genus, their products are very similar in their ex- ternal appearance, and not widely different in their sensible qualities ; it is therefore reasonable to suppose that they are ana- logous in their medicinal effects. Benzoin, however, though rarely employed in a simple state, has been frequently pre- scribed as a pectoral, and is recommended for inveterate coughs, asthmas, obstructions of the lungs, and all phthisical complaints, unattended by much fever ; it has also been used as a cosmetic, and in the way of fumigation for the resolution of indolent tumours. Dr. Cullen classes benzoin with the sti- mulants, and says that thejiores benzoes, which is the only pre- paration employed, are manifestly a saline substance, of an acid kind, of considerable acrimony and stimulant power ; and although it has been recommended as a pectoral, he found it heating and hurtful in asthmatic cases in a dose of half a drachm. In the Pharmacopoeias the flowers are directed in the tinctura opii camphorala, and it is ordered in substance in the tinctura benzoes composita. Benzoin Storax. Tree. Cult. The hardy species of Storax are proper plants for shrubberies, being very handsome when in flower. A light soil suits them best. The best way of increasing them is by layers put down in the autumn or spring. The stove and greenhouse species will grow freely in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and will be easily propagated by cuttings planted in sand, under a hand-glass ; those of the tropical species in heat. ORDER CLXII. HALESIA'CEjE (this order only contains the genus Halenia, or Snow-drop trees). D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. dec. 1828. Symplocineee, part, of authors. Guaia- canae, part. Juss. 156. Calyx small, 4-toothed. Corolla monopetalous, ventricosely campanulate, with a 4-lobed, erect border. Stamens 12-16 ; filaments combined into a tube at the base, and adnate to the corolla; anthers oblong, erect, 2-celled, dehiscing lengthwise. Ovarium inferior. Style 1 ; stigma simple. Drupe dry, corticate, oblong, with 2-4-winged angles, terminated by the permanent style : containing a 2-4-celled putamen, which is acute at both ends ; cells 1 -seeded ; seeds attached to the bottom of the cells ; testa of seeds simple, very thin. Embryo length of albumen, with linear-oblong cotyledons ; and a long, linear, compressed inferior radicle. Albumen fleshy. — Trees with alternate, serrated leaves ; and lateral fascicles of pedicellate, drooping, white flowers. This order comes nearest to Symplocinece, from which it differs in the inferior ovarium, in the fruit being a hard, dry, winged nut, and in the corolla being more decidedly monopetalous. I. HALE'SIA (so named by Ellis in honour of the learned and venerable Stephen Hales, D.D. F.R.S., author of Veget- able Staticks in 1722). Ellis in Lin. gen. no. 596. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 160. t. 32. Juss. gen. 156. LIN. SYST. Dodecdndria, Monogynia. Character the same as the order. 1 H. TETRA'PTERA (Lin. spec. 636. Ellis in phil. trans. vol. 51. p. 931. t. 22. f. A.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, sharply serrated ; petioles glandular ; fruit with 4 wings. 1? . H. Native of South Carolina, along the banks of rivers. Curt. hot. mag. 910. Lodd. hot. cab. 1173. Cav. diss. 6. p. 338. t. 186. Lam. ill. 404. Leaves acuminated, with the middle depressed. Flowers pure white, 9-10 in a fascicle, drooping, resembling those of the snow-drop. The wood is hard and veined ; the bark is of a darkish colour, with many irregular fissures. Four-winged-fruited Halesia, or Common Snow-drop Tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1756. Tree 15 to 20 feet. 2 H. PARVIFLOKA (Michx. fl. amer. bor. 2. p. 40.) leaves MYRSIXEACE.E. ovate-oblong, acute, nearly entire ; flowers octandrous ; fruit clavate, slightly 4-winged. fj . H. Native of Florida. Ker. hot. reg. t. 952. Leaves downy, glaucous beneath. Racemes panicled. Flowers white, drooping. Calycine teeth ovate. Small-fonered Snow-drop-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1802. Tree 10 feet. 3 H. DIPTERA (Lin. spec. 636.) leaves ovate, acute, serrated ; petioles smooth and even ; pedicels elongated ; fruit with 2 large opposite wings and 2 obsolete ones. T; . H. Native of Georgia and Carolina, in shady places on the banks of rivers. Cav. diss. 6. p. 338. t. 187. Lodd. bot. cab. 1172. Flowers oc- tandrous. Leaves much larger than those of either of the pre- ceding species. Tmo-ivinged-frmted Snow-drop-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1758. Tree 10 feet. Cull. The species of Snow-drop-tree are well fitted for shrubberies and lawns, on account of the profusion of early snow- drop-like blossoms which they bear. They will grow in any common soil, and are to be increased by slips of the root and by seeds. ORDER CXLIII. MYRSINEA'CE.E (this order contains plants agreeing with Myrsine in important characters). Myr- sineae, R. Br. prod. p. 533. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 100. Ardisiaceae, Juss. ann. mus. 15. p. 349. Ophiospermas, Vent. eels. p. 86. Sapotae, part. Juss. gen. p. 168. Calyx permanent, 4-5-lobed (f. 3. a. f. 4. a.). Corolla ga- mopetalous (f. 4. b. f. 5. b.), rarely polypetalous, regular ; lobes or petals equal in number to the lobes of the calyx. Sta- mens equal in number to the lobes of the corolla, inserted in its base (f. 4. 6.), and opposite the lobes, free from each other or combined. Pollen ovoid-globose, smooth. Ovarium free or adhe- rent, 1 -celled; ovula immersed in the central placenta. Style 1. Drupe or berry 1 or many-seeded. Albumen horny, conforming to the seed, or deficient. Cotyledons short. Plumule inconspicuous or very short. — Trees, shrubs, or subshrubs. Leaves alternate^ rarely almost opposite or subverticillate, simple, entire, or toothed. Flowers axillary, pedunculate, or sessile, with inde- finite centripetal floration. All the parts are more or less fur- nished with resinous matter, which appears in dots. The hairs are simple or stellate, usually rising from cells, generally very short ; on the peduncles, calyxes, and lower surface of the leaves they are most frequent ; in most of the species the situation( form, and number are variable. The plants contained in this order are mostly inhabitants of the warmer regions of Asia and America, but never beyond the 39th degree of latitude. The order is intermediate between Sapbtece and Primulacece. Sapdteae differs from it in the whorl of stamens being alternate with the lobes of the corolla ; and from Primulacece in the fruit being indehiscent, and in habit. The Myrslnets have more or less a disposition to produce a resinous substance, which appears as dots in different parts of the plant, chiefly on the leaves, flowers, and berries. It may be seen also in the hard wood of Myrsine and jEgiceras ; these dots are dark or light brown, reddish, orange, or yellow ; they vary in size, shape, and position in different species. Alphonse de Candolle supposes the styptic taste of the fruit of Embelia Ribes to depend very much upon the quantity, and some pecu- liar quality, of this resinous substance. Synopsis of the genera. TRIBE I. Flowers pentamerous. Filaments connate at the bate. Ocarium superior, many-seeded. Stigma simple. Drupe long, cylindrical, follicular, l-seeded. Albumen none. Embryo erect. Characters the same as the tribe. TRIBE II. ARDISIE'JE. Calyx and corolla 4-5-lobed (f. 3. a. b. f. 4. a. b. f. 5. a. b.~). Stamens usually free. Ocarium superior, many- seeded. Drupe or berry globose, l-seeded. Albumen horny. Embryo transverse. 2 WALLE'NIA. Calyx and corolla tubular, 4-lobed ; filaments connate at the base ; anthers ovoid. Stigma dot-formed. 3 WEIGE'LTIA, Calyx and corolla 4-parted. Filaments free ; anthers ovoid. Style short. 4 COXOMORPHA. Calyx and corolla 4-cleft, funnel-shaped ; filaments free, inserted in the upper part of the corolla ; anthers ovate-triangular. Stigma simple. 5 CYBIA'NTHUS. Calyx and corolla 4-cleft, rotate ; filaments very short ; anthers oblong, opening by 2 pores at top. Stigma sessile, sub-capitate. 6 MY'RSINK. Calyx and corolla 4-6-lobed (f. 3. a. d.). Fila- ments short, free. Stigma fringed, lobed, or simple (f. 3. &.). 7 BA'DULA. Calyx 5-lobed (f. 4. a.). Corolla 5-cleft (f. 4. 6.). Stigma thick, capitate, or obscurely lobed (f. 4. c.). 8 OXCOSTE'MCM. Calyx and corolla 5-cleft. Stamens com- bined into a mass, or into a 5-toothed tube. Stigma funnel- shaped, nearly entire, or denticulated. 9 ARDI'SIA. Calyx and corolla 5-cleft (f. 5. a. b.}. Fila- ments free ; anthers triangular, free, or combined. Stigma simple, subulate, or dot-formed. 10 EMBE'LIA. Calyx and corolla 5-parted. Filaments free ; anthers ovoid. Stigma capitate. 11 CHORIPE'TALUM. Calyx 4-cleft. Corolla 4-petalled. Stamens combined, and with the petals at the base. Style fili- form. TRIBE III. M£*SE£. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla 5-lobed, induplicate in aestivation. Stamens 5, free. Ocarium adherent, half inferior, many-oculate. Style short ; stigma obscurely 3-5-lobed. Seeds numerous, small, angular, Jixed to the central placenta. Embryo transverse. 12 M«VSA. Character the same as that of the tribe. f A genus doubtful nhelher belonging to the present order. 13 CORYNOCA'RPUS. Calyx of 5 concave sepals. Corolla of 5 roundish petals. Stamens 5, from the claws of the petals. Drape clavate, containing a l-seeded nut. Tribe I. JiGICEvRE2E (this tribe contains only the genus jEgiceras). Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 100. Calyx 5-parted; seg- ments obliquely imbricated. Corolla 5-cleft. Filaments con- nate at the base ; anthers free, sagittate, having the cells burst- 8 MYRSINEACE^E. I. ^EOICERAS. II. WALLENIA. III. WEIGELTIA. IV. CONOMORPHA. V. CYBIANTHUS. ing lengthwise. Ovarium superior, many-seeded. Stigma simple. Drupe long, cylindrical, follicular, 1-seeded. Albu- men none. Embryo erect. Habit of the genera of Sapotece. I. JiGI'CERAS (from at£ aiyog, aix aigos, a goat, and wpac, keras, a horn ; form of fruit). Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 216. t. 46. Keen. ann. bot. 1. p. 129. R. Br. prod. p. 534. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Character the same as that of the tribe. — Small trees, natives of the sea-shore, among mangroves. 1 JE. FRA'GRANS (Keen, in ann. bot. 1. p. 129. with a figure. Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 84. t. 21.) leaves obovate, repand, veiny ; umbels pedunculate, axillary, and terminal ; fruit cylindrical, subulate, a little arched, t; . G. Native of New Holland, Mo- luccas, Java, Burman empire, Penang, Delta of Ganges, and Ma- labar, by the sea side, amongst mangroves. JE. majus, Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 216. t. 46. IE. obovatum, Blum, bijdr. p. 693. JE. floridum, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 512. Rhizophora corniculata, Lin. spec. 635. — Rumph. amb. 3. t. 117. A stout milky shrub. Superior surface of leaves covered with saline excrescence. Flowers white, fragrant, in terminal umbels. Fragrant jEgiceras. Clt. ? Tree small. 2 JE. FE'RREUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 693.) leaves small, spatulate, with subrecurved margins, almost veinless ; umbels axillary and terminal : fruit cylindrical, subulate, arched. T? • S. Native of the east shore of Java, where it is called Kalemugon. Man- gium ferreum, Rumph. amb. 3. t. 79. Iron ^Igiceras. Fl. year. Shrub. Cult. The species of this genus grow well in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat ; and ripened cuttings will strike root in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. Tribe II. ARDISIE'^E (this tribe contains shrubs agreeing with the genus Ardisia in important characters). Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 101. Calyx 4-5-lobed. Corolla gamopetalous. Stamens usually free ; cells of anthers bursting lengthwise or at the apex. Ovarium superior, Inany-seeded. Drupe or berry globose, 1-seeded. Albumen horny. Embryo transverse. II. WALLE'NIA (so named in memory of Matthew Wallen, a native of Ireland, many years resident in Jamaica, who culti- vated both indigenous and exotic plants there, at considerable expense, and much assisted Patrick Browne in his Natural His- tory of Jamaica). Swartz. prod. 1. p. 31. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 248. Schreb. gen. no. 1722. p. 789. LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx and corolla tu- bular, 4-lobed at the apex. Stamens inserted in the base of the corolla ; filaments combined at the base, free at top and ex- serted ; anthers ovoid, much shorter than the filaments, dehiscing lengthwise. Style short ; stigma dot-formed. — Small trees. Leaves alternate, nearly opposite, or 3 in a whorl, oblong, more or less obtuse, entire, coriaceous, glabrous. Panicles terminal, naked, many-flowered ; pedicels forming umbellets at the tops of the peduncles. Lobes of calyx and corolla obtuse, imbricate in aestivation. 1 W. LAURIF6LIA (Swartz. prod. p. 31. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 248. t. 6.) calyx and corolla covered with glandular dots, tj . S. Native of Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Cuba. Petesioides lauri- f olium, Jacq. amer. 17. — Sloane, jam. 2. p. 234. t. 145. f. 5. Flowers yellow. Berries scarlet. Glandular dots orange- coloured. Jacquin describes the leaves as 6 inches long, and greasy ; and the flowers as white. Laurel-leaved Wallenia. Tree 10 to 14 feet. 2 W. ANGULA'TA (Jacq. hort. schcenbr. 1. t. 30.) peduncles thicker ; calyx and corolla without glandular dots. Tj . S. Na- tive of the East Indies ? Cultivated in the gardens of the Mau- ritius, and in those of Vienna. Angular Wallenia. Tree 10 to 12 feet. Cult. See drdisia, p. 20. for culture and propagtion. III. WEIGE'LTIA (named after M. Weigelt, who first col- lected the plant). Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 102. LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx and corolla 4- parted. Stamens 4, inserted in the base of the corolla ; fila- ments free, filiform, shorter than the lobes of the corolla ; anthers ovoid, much shorter than the filaments, horizontal ; having the cells dehiscing lengthwise. Style acuminated, 3 times shorter than the stamens. This genus differs from Wallenia in the in- florescence ; in the calyx and corolla being deeply divided ; in the filaments being free, &c. 1 W. MYRIA'NTHOS (Alph. D. C. 1. c.). tj . S. Native about Surinam. Wallenia myrianthos, Rchb. in Weigelt. pi. exsic. sur. Branches glabrous. Leaves obovate, more or less acute, glabrous, 3-5 inches long, beset with red pellucid dots when examined by a lens. Peduncles numerous, alternate in the axils of the leaves, rather velvety. Bracteas alternate, oblong. Co- rolla white, dotted with red. Myriad flowered Weigeltia. Tree small. Cult. See Ardisia, p. 20. for culture and propagation. IV. CONOMO'RPHA (from Xu>vn, chone, a funnel, and ftopn, morphe, form ; in reference to the shape of the corolla). Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 102. — Wallenia spec. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 89. — Conostylus, Pohl. in litt. to D.C. LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx and corolla 4- cleft, funnel-shaped. Stamens 4, one half shorter than the co- rolla ; filaments inserted in the upper part of the tube of the corolla, very short, free ; anthers erect, ovate-triangular, in- closed, fixed by the base ; having the cells dehiscing length- wise. Ovarium conical in the abortive flowers, and nearly glo- bose in the fertile flowers. Style short ; stigma simple. Drupe 1-seeded. — Small, American trees. Leaves alternate, entire, full of dots, coriaceous, varying in size on the same branch. Racemes axillary ; pedicels alternate, short, in the axils of the bracteas. Flowers probably polygamous, the ovarium not always being perfect. 1 C. OBLONGIFOLIA (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 103.) leaves oblong; peduncles shorter than the petioles. ^ . S. Native of Brazil. Conostylus oblongifolius, Pohl. ined. Branches slender, gla- brous. Leaves oblong or obovate, 3-4 inches long, 12-15 lines broad, obtuse, or acute, beset with blackish dots. Peduncles many-flowered. Bracteas ovate, obtuse. Lobes of calyx and corolla ovate, acute, glabrous. Corolla whitish, funnel-shaped. Oblong-leaved Conomorpha. Tree small. 2 C. LAXIFLOKA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves obovate or oblong, bluntish, cuneated towards the base ; racemes nearly equal, length of leaves, pendulous ; bracteas linear-lanceolate, acumin- ated ; calycine segments triangular, a little ciliated ; corolla campanulate, having the lobes reflexed at the apex. lj . S. Native on the banks of the river Amazon. Wallenia laxiflora, Mart. nov. gen. 3. p. 89. Flowers white? Loose-flowered Conomorpha. Tree small. Cult. See Ardisia, p. 20., for culture and propagation. V. CYBIA'NTHUS (from Kvflos, kybos, a square, and avOoQ, anthos, flower ; square form of corollas). Mart. nov. gen. 3. p. 87. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 103. LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 4-cleft. Corolla 4-cleft, rotate, flat, making the circumference nearly square : having the lobes as well as the calyx marked with dots and immersed glandular lines. Stamens 4 ; filaments very short ; anthers nearly sessile, oblong, erect, opening by 2 pores at the apex. Ovarium superior, minute (abortive ?), depressedly glo- IfYBSINEACRJB. V. CYBIAKTHUS. VI. MYRSIXE. 9 bose. Stigma sessile, sub-capitate. Ovula erect, probably numerous. Drupe 1-seeded.? — Small trees, natives of Brazil. Leaves scattered, but approximate towards the extremities of the branches, petiolate, beset with gland-like tubercles. Flowers small, unibracteate, disposed in axillary erectish or drooping racemes. Lobes of corolla, but particularly those of the calyx, fringed with hairs. 1 C. PESDULINCS (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 3. p. 87. t. 236.) leaves oblong, acute at both ends, glabrous ; petioles pilose at the base : racemes loose, pendulous, about equal in length to the leaves, downy ; calycine segments acute. H . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro. Flowers white. Drooping Cybianthus. Tree. 2 C. CUXEIFOLJUS (Mart. 1. c. p. 88.) leaves broad-lanceo- late, acute, tapering much to the base, glabrous ; petioles pilose ; racemes spreading, downy, 3 times shorter than the leaves ; calycine segments blumisb. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, near Sebastionople. Flowers white. H'edge-leared Cybianthus. Tree. 3 C. PRISCIPIS (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 104) leaves lanceolate, attenuate at the apex and bluntish ; panicles axillary and terminal, shorter than the leaves ; peduncles spreading, an- gular ; flowers somewhat fascicled at the apex ; segments of corolla oblong, reflexed. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, at the river Ilheos, where it was collected by Prince Neuweid. Wallenia angustifolia, Nees. et Mart, beitr. zur. fl. bras, in nov. act. bonn. 11. p. 87. Flowers white. Prince Neuweid's Cybianthus. Tree. 4 C. HUMBOLDTII (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acumi- nate, undulately ciliated, glabrous, shining above ; panicles ter- minal, simple ; flowers disposed in fascicular umbels ; segments of corolla oblong, obtuse, revolute. Jj . S. Native of New Granada, on the Andes, about Quindiu, at the altitude of about 1200 hexapods. Flowers pedicellate, 3-5 in a fascicle. Berries red. Ardisia tetrandra, H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 243. Habit of Ardisia crenata. Humboldi's Cybianthus. Tree 15-20 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Ardisia, p. 20. VI. MY'RSINE (fivpoirri, myrtine, the Greek name of Myrrh). Lin. gen. ed. 1. p. 54. no. 269. Juss. gen. 152. Gaertn. fruct. t. 59. R. Br. prod. p. 533. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans 17. p. 104. — Rapanea, Aubl.guian. 1. p. 121. — Caballeria, Ruiz, et Pav. prod. fl. per. p. 141. — Manglflla, Juss. gen. 152. Pers. ench. 1. p. 237. — Athrurophy'llum, Lour. coch. 148. — Sideroxylon, Scleroxylon, Samara, Roemeria, Chrysophyllum, species of authors. LIK. STST. Tetra-Heidndria Monogynia, or Polygamia Dioecia. Calyx and corolla 4-5-6-lobed (f. 3. a. d.) ; lobes of corolla imbricate in aestivation. Stamens equal in number to the lobes of the cor.illa, free; filaments very short, inserted in the tube of the corolla ; anthers usually almost sessile, erect, acute : having the cells dehiscing lengthwise. Ovarium with an indefinite number of ovula, 4-5, ex R. Br. Style short, usually caducous ; stigma fringed, or lobed, or simple. Drupe, or berry, pea-formed, 1-seeded. — Trees, or small shrubs, with alternate leaves. Flowers polygamous or hermaphrodite, sessile, or on very short pedicels, in fascicles ; fascicles axillary, more or less covered by imbricate, obtuse, permanent bracteas. This is a very polymorphous genus, distinguished by its peculiar inflo- rescence readier than by any other character. ' Stigma fringed or lobed. 1 M. URVILLEI (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 105.) gla- brous ; leaves ovate, obtuse, entire, full of pellucid dots ; flowers almost sessile, fascicled, pentandrous, polygamous ; lobes of VOL. IV. FIG. 3. calyx small, tooth-formed ; anthers sessile, ovoid. ^ . G. Native of New Zealand, in Tasman's Bay, and Cook's Strait. Leaves 1-2 inches long, obtuse, and somewhat emarginate, mem- branous, covered with yellow dots. Bracteas a little ciliated. Corolla 5-parted ; glabrous, hardly a line long. Berry ovoid. D'UrviUe's Myrsine. Shrub. 2 M. AFRICA'NA (Lin. spec. 285) glabrous; leaves elliptic, serrated, acute, dotted ; flowers axillary, by threes, pentandrous, polygamous ; segments of corolla ciliated ; corolla full of testa- ceous dots; calycine segments obovate. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. M. glabra, Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 282. — Comm. hort. 1. p. 123. t. 164. — Pluk. phyt. t. 80. f. 5. — Breyn. cent. 9. t. 5. Flowers on short pedicels, pale. Berries blue, dotted. Stigma panicled. far. ,3, retu*a (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 105.) leaves obovate, obtuse, emarginately toothletted at top. ^ . G. Na- tive of the Azores. M. retusa, Ait. bort. kew. l.p. 271. Vent, eels. t. 86. — M. scabra, Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 182. Berries size of red currants, rugged from small tubercles, with a straw- coloured rind. Cultivated since 1788, and flowers in June. (f.3.) African Myrsine. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1691. Shrub 3-6 feet. 3 M. BIFA'RIA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 296.) branches and petioles villous ; leaves small, lanceolate, cuspidately serrated, cuneated and entire at the base, glabrous, dotted ; flowers almost sessile, tetrandrous, polygamous, in axillary fascicles ; calycine segments lanceolate, ciliated ; filaments very short ; anthers large, exserted. fj . G. Native of Nipaul, from Hetounra to the valley, and on the surrounding mountains. It is also a native of Kamaon and Shreenagur. A large shrub, with hardly any defined stem. Leaves bifarious, coriaceous. Flowers white, tinged with pink, 5 or 6 in a .ascicle, besprinkled with copious brown elevated dots. Stigma waited. Drupe round, and about the size of a coriander seed. tfj/ariotw-leaved Myrsine. Fl. Dec. March. Clt. 1822. Tree 20 feet. 4 M. SCBSPISOSA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 147.) leaves lanceo- late, acuminated, stiff, glabrous, spinulosely serrated ; flowers dioecious, tetrandrous, in sessile axillary umbellate downy fascicles, f; . G. Native of Nepaul, at Narainhetty, where it is called Mina Bocothi by the natives. Samara subspindsa, Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don. 1. c. Subspinose-lezved Myrsine. Clt. 1823. Tree 20 feet. 5 M. SE'SSILIS (D. Don, 1. c. p. 146.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, glabrous, shining, denticulated at the apex ; flowers hermaphrodite, tetrandrous, in sessile umbellate axillary fasci- cles ; stigma 2-lobed. ^ . G. Native of Nipaul, in woods, at Narainhetty. Samara sessilis, Hamilt. mss. SestiU-Qowered Myrsine. Fl. Oct. Shrub. 6 M. SEJOSEKRA'TA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 293. tent, fl. nep. 1. p. 34, with a figure) leaves dense, linear, or linear lan- ceolate, sharply serrulated from the middle to the apex ; flowers tetrandrous and pentandrous, polygamous, pedicellate, 6-12 in a fascicle ; teeth of calyx lanceolate, acute, ciliated ; stigma uni- lateral, fringed, 3-lobed. fj . G. Native throughout Nipaul, where it is called, in Newar language, Bilsee, Bereste, and Kali- kaiha. A branchy tree. Branches dotted. Leaves besprinkled with reddish resinous dots, coriaceous, from 3 to 5 inches long. C 10 MYRSINEACE^E. VI. MYRSINE. Corolla pale pink. Drupe size of a pea, round, smooth and shining ; flesh soft and pulpy. The wood of this tree is of a chocolate colour, radiated, compact, and heavy ; it is much es- teemed by the hill people for various carpenter's work. They eat the ripe fruit. Half-serratcd-\ea.ved Myrsine. Fl. Dec. March. Clt. 1822. Tree 30-40 feet. 7 M. VARIA'BILIS (R. Br. prod. p. 532. Sieb.pl. exsic. nov. holl. no. 262.) leaves obovate, oblong, entire, or toothed ; flowers in umbellate sessile fascicles ; pedicels glabrous ; flowers tetran- drous and pentandrous, polygamous ; anthers sessile, tj . G. Native of New South Wales. Variable Myrsine. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub. 8 M. URCEOLA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, quite entire ; flowers in axillary sessile umbels ; pedicels gla- brous ; flowers tetrandrous, polygamous ; corolla of the male flowers urceolate ; stamens inclosed. J? . G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. frceo/aie-flowered Myrsine. Shrub. 9 M. CRASSIFOLIA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves obovate, coriaceous, entire ; flowers axillary, aggregate, almost sessile. }j . G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic ; and of Norfolk Island. Endlicher, prod. fl. ins. norf. p. 48. Bauer, ill. ins. norf. t. 124. Leaves 2 or 2j inches long. Thick-leaved Myrsine. Shrub. 10 M. EXCE'LSA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 147) leaves lan- ceolate, acute, quite entire, glabrous, attenuated at the base ; flowers dioecious, pentandrous; umbels sessile, glomerate, woolly ; lobes of stigma oblong. T? . G. Native of Nipaul, in woods. Tall Myrsine. Tree 30-40 feet. 11 M. CAPITELLA'TA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 295.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, coriaceous ; flowers pen- tandrous, polygamous, sessile: in heads, from the axils of the fallen leaves, in which case they appear lateral ; calycine teeth ovate-acute ; anthers oblong, large. ^ . G. Native of Nipaul, where it is called, in the Newar language, BhoollaBilloo. Branches angular. Leaves 5-7 inches long, copiously dotted. Flowers greenish, with copious resinous elevated brown dots ; aestivation valvate. Calyx urceolate. Corolla with lanceolate-recurved segments and short tube. Stigma slightly 2-lobed. Drupes like those of M. semiserrdta, but smaller. Far. fi, parvifolia (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 106) leaves smaller ; heads few- flowered. Jj . G. Native of Silhet. M. lanceolata, Wall. cat. no. 2297. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Flowers scattered. Small-headed Myrsine. Fl. Dec. March. Clt. 1822. Tree 30-40 feet. 12 M. LUCIDA (Wall. cat. no. 2298.) leaves lanceolate, quite entire, glabrous, with dotted margins ; flowers lateral, in fascicles, pentandrous, polygamous ? calycine lobes ovate, acute, . a little ciliated, fj . G. Native of the Burman Empire, on Mount Taong Dong. Branches brown. Leaves 4-5 inches long, acuminated or bluntish, coriaceous. Berries globose, deep purple. Shining-leaved Myrsine. Tree small. IS M. PORTERIA'NA (Wall. cat. no. 6525. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 106.) glabrous; leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, entire ; flowers sessile, glomerate, few, pentandrous, polygamous ? ; calycine lobes ovate, acute, ciliated. f? . G. Native of Penang. Branches with white dots, leafy at top. Leaves 1-| to 2 inches long, beset with depressed dots beneath. Porter's Myrsine. Tree small. 14 M. WIGHTIA'NA (Wall. cat. no. 2300. Alph. D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, entire, scabrous from dots ; flowers few, sessile, pentandrous, polygamous ? ; calycine lobes ovate, acute, ciliated. Jj . G. Native of the East Indies. Branches inflated at the origin of the leaves and flowers. Leaves approximate at the tops of the branches, 2-3 inches long, some- times obtuse, coriaceous, beset with elevated dots. Wight's Myrsine. Tree. 15 M. LINEA'RIS (Poir. diet, suppl. 3. p. 709.) leaves linear, quite entire, flat, shining, crowded at the tops of the branches ; flowers pentandrous, in fascicles. ^ • G. Native of Cochin China, in woods. M. athrurophy'llum, R. Br. Athrurophy'llum lineare, Lour. coch. p. 148. Flowers small, whitish red. Zinear-leaved Myrsine. Tree tall. 16 M. MITIS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 663.) glabrous; leaves ob- long, acute at both ends ; flowers lateral, sessile, aggregate, pentandrous ; lobes of calyx roundish, obtuse ; corolla rotate, with oblong, obtuse, concave segments ; stigma sessile. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sideroxylon mite, Lin. syst. p. 193. Jacq. coll. 2. p. 249. Scleroxylon mite, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1089. Sider6xylon mas inerme, Mill. fig. t. 299. Manglilla Milleriana, Pers. ench. 1. p. 237. Chrysophyllum Millerianum, Lam. ill. no. 2477. In Miller's figure the peduncles are lateral and axillary, cymose. Mild Myrsine. Fl. July. Clt. 1692. Shrub 6-feet. 17 M. MELANOPHLE'OS (R. Br. prod. p. 533.) glabrous; leaves elliptic or lanceolate-oblong, bluntish ; flowers axillary, aggregate, on short angular pedicels, pentandrous. ^ • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sideroxylon melanophleum, Lin. mant. p. 48. Jacq. hort. vind. 1. p. 89. t. 71. — Burm. afr. 238. t. 84. f. 2.— Comm. hort. 1. p. 195. t. 109. Manglilla melanophleos, Pers. ench. 1. p. 237. Chrysophyllum melano- phleum, Lam. diet. Scleroxylon melanophleum, Willd. enum. 1. p. 249. Rcemeria melanophlea, Thunb. nov. gen. in Roam, arch. 2. B. p. 1. Flowers hermaphrodite. Black-paper Myrsine. Fl. ?. Clt. 1 783. Shrub. 18 M. SAMA'RA (R. Br. 1. c. Room, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 511) leaves elliptic ; flowers pentandrous, in small corymbs. ^2 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Samara pentandra, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 160. Willd. spec. 1. p. 665. Flowers small. Branches leafy at top. Samara Myrsine. Fl. Feb. Nov. Clt. 1770. Shrub. 19 M. AVE'NIS (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 107.) leaves lanceolate, bluntish at the apex, narrowed at the base, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous, nearly veinless ; flowers in axillary and lateral fascicles ; calycine teeth acute. ^ • S. Native of Java, on the top of Mount Burangrang. Ardisia avenis, Blume, bijdr. t. 691. Reinless Myrsine. Tree 20 feet. 20 M. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, obtuse, entire, glabrous, coriaceous, thick, beset with black dots beneath ; flowers in fascicles, pentandrous, polygamous. ? caly- cine lobes ovate, a little ciliated ; berries globose, pedicellate. \l . S. Native of Madagascar. Leaves 2-4 inches long, emar- ginate, attenuated into the petioles. Pedicels three lines long. Madagascar Myrsine. Shrub or tree. 21 M. RAPA'NEA (R. Br. prod. 533. Ream, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 509.) glabrous ; leaves obovate, entire, full of ex- cavated dots on both surfaces : flowers pentandrous, male and hermaphrodite, in axillary and lateral fascicles ; corolla white ; calycine segments ovate, acute. f; . S. Native of French Guiana, Island of Trinidad ; and about Bahia, in Brazil. Rapanea Guianensis, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 121. t. 46. Swartz, fl. ind. 1. p. 262. Lam. ill. t. 121, f. 1. Samara pen- tandra, Swartz, descr. 262. but not of Ait. Samara floribiinda, Willd. spec. 1. p. 665. Caballeria coriacea, Meyer, esseq. p. 118. Berries globose, violaceous, size of a grain of pepper. Flowers white. Leaves 4-5 inches long. Rapanea Myrsine. Shrub 5-6 feet. 22 M. CORIACEA (R. Br. prod. p. 533. Rocm. et Schultes, MYRSINEACB.fi. VI. MYRSINE. 11 - . 4. p. 509.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, coriaceous ; flowers pentandrous, hermaphrodite, ? sessile, in axillary fascicles. ^ . S. Native of Jamaica, Cuba, and Porto Rico. Samara coriacea, Swartz, prod. 32. descr. 261. Willd. spec. 1. p. 665. Cor/oceoui-leaved Myrsine. Fl. Nov. Feb. Clt. 1770. Tree. 23 M. FLOP.IDA'NA (Alpb. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 107.) glabrous : leaves oval-oblong, entire, coriaceous, dotted beneath ; fascicles few-flowered, but numerous ; flowers pentandrous ; calyx 5-parted. fj . G. Native of Florida. Sideroxylon punctatum, Lam. ill. no. 2460. ? Bumeiia punctata, Rcem. et Schultes. syst. 4. p. 49S. ? Branches beset with ovate white warts. Leaves 2-3 inches long, obtuse or acutish, shining above, dotted. Berries globose, spotted. Allied to M. Manglilla, but the leaves are more oblong, and on shorter petioles ; and to M. coriacea, from which it differs in the larger leaves, which are never emarginate ; oval-oblong, not cuneate-oblong, &c. Florida Myrsine. Shrub. 24 M. MANGULLA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 509. ex R. Br. prod. 533.) glabrous ; leaves oblong, obtuse, white beneath; fascicles axillary and lateral, on short pedicels ; calycine seg- ments ovate. ^ . G. Native of Peru, about Lima. Sider- oxylon ManglOlo, Lam. diet. 1. p. 245. Manglflla, Juss. gen. 151. Manglilla Peruviana, Gmel. syst. p. 398. Scleroxylon Manglillo, Willd. mag. 3. p. 59. Duhamelia Manglillo, Uombey. Caballeria oblonga, Ruiz, et Pav. syst. fl. per. 1. p. 280. Manglilla Jussieui, Pers. encli. 1. p. 237. Chrysophyllum Manglflla, Lam. ill. 2. p. 45. Bumeiia Manglilla, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1087. Manglilla Myrsine. Shrub or tree. 25 M. TRIXITA'TIS (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 108.) leaves elliptic, acute at both ends, glabrous, entire, dotted be- neath ; fascicles few-flowered ; flowers small, pedicellate, pen- tandrous. V . S. Native of Trinidad. M- coriacea, Sieb. pi. exsic. trin. no. 50. and 302. Extremities of the branches rusty, and rather velvety. Leaves 1-2 inches long, paler and dotted beneath. Calycine lobes small, lanceolate. This species differs from Af. coriacea in the acu;e leaves and smaller glabrous flowers. Trinidad Myrsine. Tree or shrub. 26 M. SALICIFOLIA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, entire ; petioles pilose ; fascicles many-flowered ; flowers pentandrous ; calycine lobes ciliated ; berries globose, marked with oblong spots. t- . S. Native of Guadaloupe. Bumeiia salicifblia, Bert. ined. in herb. Balb. Branches dotted, velvety at top. Leaves Ij- to 2 inches long, firm, paler and dotted beneath. Calycine segments ovate-oblong, marked wiih yellow oblong spots. Style short, obtuse. Very nearly allied to M. Trinitatis. ff illoir-leaced Myrsine. Tree or shrub. M. BERTE'RII (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 109.) branches pube- rulous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acutish, entire, glabrous above, puberulous beneath and on the petioles ; flowers nearly sessile, rather velvety, pentandrous ; lobes of calyx and corolla obtuse. ^ . S. Native of Hispaniola. Sideroxylon Mastichodendron, Balb. in herb. D. C. Branches and petioles as if they were covered with powder. Leaves 2 inches long, narrowed into the petioles. Flowers 4-5 in each fascicle. Berry globose, gla- brous, terminated by the truncate style. This species comes very near M. salicifolia, but the leaves are a little smaller, less acute, and are downy beneath, as well as the branches, petioles, and flowers. Bertero's Myrsine. Shrub or tree. 28 M. FERRUGIXEA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 664) leaves lanceo- late, acute, quite entire, coriaceous, rather pilose ; flowers in fascicles, on short pedicels, hermaphrodite, pentandrous ; lobes of calyx and corolla acute ; stigma 2-lobed. \j . G. Native of Peru, in mountain groves. Caballeria ferruginea, Ruiz, et Pav. syst. 1. p. 210. Branches rather pilose. Leaves Z\ inches long, rusty and dotted beneath : having the petioles, and central nerve rufous and velvety. Calyx smoothish. Berry spotted much. Rusty Myrsine. Shrub or tree. 29 M. RUFE'SCENS (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 109.) branches and nerves of leaves dotted with rufescent velvety down ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, entire, on long petioles ; flowers tetrandrous ; stigma 2-lobed, thickish. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, in the woods of Corcovado, near Rio Janeiro. Branches twiggy. Leaves 2-3 inches long, pale and dotted beneath. Flowers in fascicles at the base of the branches. Berry globose, full of elongated marks. Rufescent Myrsine. Shrub. 30 M. LATIFOLIA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 664.) leaves oblong, quite entire, dotted on both surfaces ; flowers numerous, pentan- drous, conglomerate. f? . G. Native of Peru, in the woods of Muna and Pillao. Caballeria latif olia, Ruiz, et Pav. syst. 1 . p. 279. Broad-leafed Myrsine. Shrub or tree. 31 M. PELLU'CIDA (Spreng. 1. c.) leaves obovate-oblong, dotted ; dots pellucid, roundish on the upper surface, but linear on the under : flowers pentandrous, aggregate, fy . G. Native of Peru, on the mountains, in woods. Caballeria pellucida, Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. Pellucid-dotted Myrsine. Shrub or tree. 32 M. DENTA'TA (Spreng. 1. c ) branches dependent ; leaves crowded, ovate and cordate, upper ones dentated ; flowers race- mose, pentandrous ; style long ; stigma depressed. >j . G. Native of Peru, on the mountains. Caballeria dentata, Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. p. 281. Tooth-leaved Myrsine. Shrub or tree. 33 M. VENOSISSIMA (Spreng. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, full of pellucid dots ; flowers aggregate, pentan- drous. ^ . G. Native of Peru, on the mountains. Caballeria venosissima, Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. p. 282. Very e«ny-leaved Myrsine. Shrub or tree. 34 M. DEPE'NDENS (Spreng. 1. c.) branches dependent, vel- vety ; leaves crowded, broad-elliptic, retuse or mucronulated, entire, ciliated, shining above, full of dots beneath ; flowers axillary, solitary or twin, on short pedicels, tetrandrous ; calycine segments ovate, acute ; lobes of corolla oblong, twice as long as the calyx. I? . G. Native of Peru, on the higher mountains ; and on Silla de Caraccas. Caballeria dependens, Ruiz et Pav. syst. 1. p. 281. Caballeria my rtifolia, Deless. herb, ex Ruiz, et Pav. Myrsine ciliata, H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. 3. p. 248. t. 245. Leaves 4-6 lines long. Stigma capitate. Berry ovate- globose, spotted with black. .Hanging-branched Myrsine. Shrub or tree. 35 M. POPAYE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 249.) leaves oblong, tapering to both ends, bluntish, quite entire, revolute at the base, glabrous and shining above, but clothed with fine down or hairs beneath ; umbels or fascicles axillary, sessile ; flowers on short pedicels, pentandrous ; calycine lobes ovate-acute, a little ciliated ; stigma pentagonal. Jj . G. Native of New Granada, near Popavan, in mountainous places. Sa- mara myricoides, Rcem. et Schultes, mant. 3. p. 294. ex Kunth. in Linnfea. 1830. p. 367. Branches downy, clothed with rusty tomentum while young ; segments of corolla marked with black lines, oblong, acute. Flowers white. Anthers yellow. Popayan Myrsine. Tree 20 feet. 36 M. MYRicoiDES (Schlecht. in Linnaea. 8. p. 525.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated into the petioles, with revolute edges, smoothish and shining above, but paler beneath, and clothed with soft down ; nerves prominent beneath, and are, as c 2 MYRSINEACE.E. VI. MYRSINE. VII. BADULA. well as the petioles, young branches, and buds, beset with more dense rusty down ; flowers aggregate on short pedicels. T? . G. Native of Mexico, at Jalapa. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and 8-10 lines broad. Fruit small, globose, bluntly mucronate, seated on the 5-cleft stellate calyx, marked with lines, brownish. Calycine segments slightly ciliated. Stigma pentagonal. Myrica-like Myrsine. Fl. March, May. Shrub. * * Stigma simple. 37 M. ARDISIOIDES (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 249.) leaves oblong, somewhat acuminated, cuneated at the base, quite entire, membranous, glabrous ; corymbs axillary, sessile, few-flowered; pedicels glabrous ; flowers pentandrous ; calycine segments roundish-ovate, obtuse, dotted with glands. Tj . G. Native of Peru. Branches glabrous, brown. Leaves 4-5 lines long. Fascicles 6-7-flowered. Corolla white?, with revolute, ovate, obtuse segments, which are full of glandular dots. Berries dry, depressedly globose. Ardisia-like Myrsine. Tree small. 38 M. PENDULIFLORA (Moc. et Sesse, icon. fl. mex. ined. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 110.) glabrous; leaves ovate, bluntish, entire, narrowed into the petioles ; umbels axillary, pen- dulous, one-half shorter than the petioles ; flowers pentandrous ; teeth of calyx ovate, acute, small ; lobes of corolla ovate, acute, 3 times as large as the calyx ; anthers lanceolate, sessile, inserted in the middle of the lobes of the corolla, and shorter than them ; style acute, inclosed ; berry globose. Tj . G. Native of Mexico. Leaves an inch long. Flowers either solitary, or 2-5 in a fascicle. Corolla pale red. Pendulous-flowered Myrsine. Tree or shrub. 39 M. CANARIE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 663.) leaves oval- oblong, bluntish, almost sessile, large, glabrous, coriaceous, entire ; flowers axillary, in fascicles, sessile ; calyx 5-6-toothed ; corolla 5-6-cleft : having the lobes linear-lanceolate ; stamens inclosed, inserted in the middle of the corolla ; anthers acute ; style inclosed, acuminated. Jj . G. Native of Teneriffe. Scleroxylon Canariense, Willd. mag. berol. nat. freund. 3. p. 59. Manglilla Canariensis, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 505. Branches spotted with white. Leaves 4-6 inches long, and 2-4 broad. Flowers 3-8 in a fascicle. Lobes of calyx ovate, obtuse, a little ciliated. Berry globose. There are varieties of this having the leaves more or less full of pellucid dots, which are either round or oblong. Flowers whitish. Canary Island Myrsine. FL? Clt. 1850. Tree 30-40 feet. 40 M. PACHYSA'NDRA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 297. cat. no. 2284.) branches velvety ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, entire, dotted, glabrous above, rather pilose beneath, having the lateral nerves arched ; flowers fascicled, pedicellate, hermaphro- dite, pentandrous ; calycine lobes ovate, ciliated ; corolline lobes reflexed ; anthers large, triangular, connate at the time of flowering ; style acuminated. T? . S. Native of Penang and Singapore. This is an anomalous species : the dots on the leaves and flowers are more like those of Ardisia than Myrsine ; but the inflorescence is that of Myrsine. The alabastrum is spirally twisted, and the aestivation imbricate. Perhaps a new genus. Thick-anthered Myrsine. Tree small.. •f Species unknown, or very doubtful. 41 M. SCA'BRA (Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 282.) T; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Perhaps the same as M. Africana, var. fl, retu.ia. Scabrous Myrsine. Shrub 3-6 feet. 42 M. LS'TA (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 112) leaves ovate, obtuse, or lanceolate-elliptic, even on both sides ; flowers fascicled, pedicellate, hardly longer than the petioles. ^ . S. Native of the West Indies. Samara lae'ta, Lin. mant. 199. syst. 159. Swartz, prod. 151. Memecylon umbellatum, Lin. fl. zeyl. no. 469. Burm. ind. 87. fl. zeyl. 76. t. 31. Branches purplish. Flowers numerous, yellow. Joyful Myrsine. Shrub 6-10 feet. 43 M. MYRTIFOLIA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acute ; flowers white, ^ . G. Native of South America. Samara myrtifolia, Rcem. et Schultes, mant. 3. p. 220. This plant is entirely unknown to Kunth, see Linnsca, 1830. p. 376. It is perhaps the same as M. dependens, which is marked Caballeria myrtifolia in Deless. herb. Myrtle-leaved Myrsine. Shrub or tree. 44 M. SALIGNA (Alph, D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntish, narrowed at the base, clothed with rufous tomentum on the middle nerve beneath, as well as the petioles and branches ; flowers pentandrous. J? . G. Native of South America. Samara saligna, Willd. mss. ex Roam, et Schultes, mant. 3. p. 220. This species is also unknown to Kunth. see Linnaea. 1830, p. 367. Flowers sometimes tetrandrous and hexandrous. Willowy Myrsine. Shrub or tree. Cult. The species of this genus grow well in any light rich soil, or a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and cuttings, not too ripe, root readily if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them : those of the tropical species require a little heat. VII. BA'DULA (a name used by Burman, in his Flora Zey- lanica.) Juss. gen. 420, exclusive of the syn. Burm. zeyl. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 112. Barthesia, Comm. in herb. mus. par. Anguillaria species, Lam. ill. Myrsine species, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. vol. 4. LIN. SYST. Petitdndria Monogynia. Calyx 5 -lobed (f. 4. a.). Corolla 5-cleft (f. 4. 6.). Stamens 5, shorter than the corolla ; anthers almost sessile, acute, free, 2-celled (f. 4. d.); cells burst- ing by a longitudinal chink. Style shorter than the stamens ; stigma thick, capitate or obscurely-lobed (f. 4. c.). Berry glo- bose.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire, dotted. In- florescence like that of Ardisia, that is, the pedicels are ap- proximate or umbellate at the extremities of the peduncles. The species are all natives of the Mauritius or Bourbon. 1 B. MICRA'NTHA (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 112.) peduncles velvety ; leaves broad-oblong, obtuse, glabrous ; panicles terminal, pyramidal, many-flowered, longer than the leaves ; flowers small, velvety ; alabastra globose. T? . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon and the Mauritius. Leaves 1J to 2 inches long, dotted. Lobes of calyx small, acute ; those of the corolla ovate, obtuse. Stigma obtuse. Small-flowered Badula. Shrub or tree. 2 B. BARTHE'SIA (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 113.) leaves lanceo- late, acutish, tapering a long way at the base, glabrous, thin, dotted ; peduncles racemose, many-flowered, rather shorter than the leaves ; calycine lobes obtuse, ciliated ; anthers acute ; stigma capitate, obscurely-lobed. J; . S. Native of the Mauri- tius. Barthesia, Comm. in herb. mus. par. Badula, Juss. gen. p. 240. Anguillaria Barthesia, Lam. ill. no. 2742. Myrsine Barthesia, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 507. Bark of branches yellow. Leaves half a foot long, besprinkled with reddish dots. Corolla white. Barthesia Badula. Shrub or tree. 3 B. INSULA'RIS (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves ovate, obtuse, coriaceous ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; pedicels alternate ; calyx 5-parted ; alabastra ovate ; stigma obtuse. 1? . S. Native of the Isle of Bourbon or the Mauritius. Branches rusty. Leaves 1-3 inches long. Lobes of calyx acute, ciliated a little. Island Badula. Shrub or tree. MYRSINEACRfi. VII. BADCLA. VIII. OKCOSTEMUM. IX. ARDISIA. 13 4 B. SIEBE'RII (Alph. D. C. 1. c. t. 5.) leaves obovate, obtuse, petiolate, full of pellucid dots, glabrous ; peduncles axil- FIG. 4. lary, 4 times shorter than the leaves, 4-8-flowered ; alabastra obtuse ; calycine lobes ovate, acute, a little ciliated ; anthers cuspidate. lj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Ardisia lati- folia, Sieb. fl. maur. 11. p. 53, but not of Roem. et Schultes. Leaves 3-4 inches long, full of pellucid dots, approximate at the tops of the branches. Peduncles velvety. Corolla white, dotted ; lobes obtuse. Stigma peltate, or somewhat 2- lobed. (f. 4.) Sieber's Badula. Shrub or tree. 5 B. OVALIFOLIA (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 114.) glabrous; leaves ovate, acute at both ends, membranous, full of black dots ; pe- duncles 3 times shorter than the leaves ; alabastra ovoid, full of dots ; anthers nearly sessile ; style short, obtuse. Jj . S. Na- tive of the Mauritius. Leaves 3-6 inches long. Peduncles dotted like the flowers. Calycine segments simple, acute. Lobes of corolla ovate, acute. Oral-leated Badula. Shrub or tree. 6 B. CRA'SSA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; branches thick ; leaves elliptic, or oblong, obtuse, coriaceous ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; pedicels alternate, short. Jj . S. Native of the Isle of Bourbon and the Mauritius. Leaves 3-5 inches long, full of pellucid dots. Lobes of calyx obtuse. Berry globose. TAicA-branched Badula. Shrub or tree. 7 B. AXGCSTIFOLIA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, nearly entire, dotted, glabrous ; peduncles velvety, stiff, rather longer than the leaves. H . S. Native of Bourbon, in the more elevated places. Branches rusty. Leaves 12-15 lines long, shining above, sometimes irregularly toothed on one side, towards the apex. Calyx rather pilose : with acute lobes. Berry globose. Stigma obtuse. Narroic-leared Badula. Shrub or tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Ardisia, p. 20. VIII. ONCOSTE'.MUM (from oytoc, onkos, a mass; and tmifjiwi', stemoti, a stamen ; the stamens are combined into an egg-formed mass in the first species). Adr. Juss. ann. mus. 19. p. 136. t. 11. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 115. Lix. SYST. Pentdndria Monogynia. Calyx and corolla 5-cleft. Stamens combined into an ovoid or cylindrical mass, which is joined to the tube of the corolla at the base : or is 5-toothed at the apex. Ovarium superior. Style simple. — Stigma funnel- shaped, nearly entire, or denticulated, &c. Shrubs, natives of Madagascar, with the habit of Ardisia and Badula. 1 O. COMMERSOXIA'NVM (Andr. Juss. 1. c. t. 11.) leaves lanceo- late or oblong-obovate, and bluntly acuminated ; peduncles and pedicels quite glabrous ; calyx 5-cleft ; stamens conferruminated into an egg- formed mass. *2 . S. Native of Madagascar. Commerson's Oncostemum. Shrub or tree. 2 O. CAPELIERA'NUM (Juss. 1. c. p. 137.) leaves lanceolate, or oblong-obovate, and bluntly acuminated ; peduncles and pedicels hairy, as well as the calyxes ; calyx 5-parted ; stamens combined into a 5-toothed tube. lj . S. Native of Madagascar. Capelier's Oncostemum. Shrub or tree. Cult. See Ardisia, p. 20, for culture and propagation. IX. ARDI'SIA (from apciy, ardis, a point, in reference to the acute, spear-pointed anthers.) Swartz, prod. p. 48. Schreb. gen. no. 1735. R. Br. prod. p. 533. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 268. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 116. Anguillaria, Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 372. t. 77. Schreb. gen. p. 823. no. 345. Bladhia, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 7. Py'rgus, Lour. coch. p. 120. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 5. a.) Corolla 5-cleft (f. 5. 6.) ; lobes imbricate in aestivation. Sta- mens 5, with free filaments ; anthers free, rarely combined, equal to the filaments in length, or longer, erect, triangular, acute or acuminated, 2-celled ; cells dehiscing by a longitudinal chink. Ovarium globose. Style filiform, permanent, longer than the stamens. Stigma simple, subulate, or dot-formed. Ovula 5, ex R. Br. or more. Berry globose. — Trees shrubs and sub- shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely almost opposite, or 3 in a whorl, dotted. Flowers more or less panicled. Panicles some- times many-flowered at the extremities of the branches, and longer than the leaves ; sometimes few flowered, and in the axils of the leaves ; pedicels rather umbellate at the tops of the peduncles. Flowers larger than those of Myrsine, always hermaphrodite, white or rose-coloured, and often dotted. SECT. I. ARDISJ.E VB'RJE (this section contains the legitimate species of the genus.) Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 116. Anthers free, longer than the filaments. Style subulate, longer than the stamens. Bracteas much shorter than the pedicels. § [. Leares entire, glabrous. 1 A. ACUMINATA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1062) leaves oblong, acuminated, attenuated at the base ; panicles terminal and axil- lary, many-flowered ; lobes of calyx small, acute, dotted. 1; . S. Native of Guiana, in cultivated fields. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1678. Icacdrea Guianensis, Aubl. guian. suppl. 1. t. 368. Corolla nearly white. ^cuwina/frf-leaved Ardisia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1803. Shrub 6-8 feet. 2 A. TINIFOLIA (Swartz, prod. 48. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 468.) leaves elliptic, nerved ; panicle terminal ; calycine segments subulate. f; . S. Native of Jamaica, on the mountains. — Sloane, jam. 2. p. 98. t. 105. Leaves dark green, 4 inches long, and 2 broad. Corollas pale red, revolute. Tinus-leated Ardisia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. Tr. 20-30 ft. 3 A. LAURIFOLIA (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 116.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, coriaceous, glabrous ; racemes simple, axillary, and terminal. fj . S. Native of the Antilles. A. latifolia, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 514. Anguillaria laurifolia, Lam. ill. 2. p. 109. no. 2741. Very nearly allied to A. coriacea, except in the shape of the leaves and the dis- position of the flowers. Laurel-leaced Ardisia. Tree. 4 A. MACVLA'TA (Poiteau. in herb. D. C. ex Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 116.) leaves oblong, obtuse, coriaceous; pa- nicle terminal, branched, many-flowered, pyramidal ; calycine lobes oval, obtuse, large ; berry spotted. Tj . S. Native of Hispaniola. A. Domingensis, Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 803. ? Leaves 2 to 2j inches long. Spotled-berried. Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 5 A. CESTRIFOLIA (H. B. et Kuiith, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 212.) branches rather angular ; leaves glabrous, lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, cuneated at the base, quite entire, dotless ; panicles axillary and terminal, sessile, crowded, glabrous ; flowers pedi- cellate, racemose, 4-5-androus. Tj . S. Native of the Andes, about Quindiu. Calycine segments ovate, bluntish. Segments of the corolla oblong, acute. Cestrum-lfaved Ardisia. Shrub. 6 A. CAPOLIJNA (Moc. et Sesse, icon. mex. ined. ex Alph. 14 MYRSJNEACEtf). IX. ARDISIA. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 116.) leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, shining ; panicle terminal, compound, longer than the leaves : peduncles alternate ; pedicels umbellate ; lobes of co- rolla ovate, acute, reflexed, 4 times as long as the calyx. Tj . S. Native of Mexico, where it is called Capollin. Bracteas cadu- cous. Berry globose, wine-coloured. Flowers of a pale rose- colour. Capollin Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 7 A. REVOLU'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 246.) glabrous ; leaves rather membranous, oblong, obtuse, cuneated at the base and revolute ; panicles terminal, simple ; pedicels fasciculate or umbellate ; lobes of calyx obtuse, full of glandular dots ; berry nearly globose. Pj . S. Native of Mexico, on the western declivities of the mountains near La Venta de Moxonera, in oak woods ; and in woods near Jalapa. Leaves same colour on both surfaces, full of glandular dots, 4^ inches long. Flowers white. Berries dry, about the size of a pepper- corn, wrinkled, glandular. Revolute-leaved Ardisia. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 8 A. COMPRE'SSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 245.) glabrous ; branches compressed ; leaves obovate-oblong, short- acuminated, nearly quite entire; panicles terminal, sub-race- mose ; pedicels in umbellate fascicles ; lobes of calyx roundish- ovate, obtuse ; lobes of corolla oblong, obtuse, revolute, glandular, fy . S. Native of New Andalusia, in temperate places, near the monastery of Caripe. Branches pendulous. Leaves membranous, full of pellucid dots, palest beneath, 5-6 inches long. Corolla white. Berry dry, smooth. Compressed-branched Ardisia. Tree 15 feet. 9 A. DURIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 214.) branches terete, glabrous ; leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, and somewhat retuse, running into the petioles at the base, revolute on the edges, quite entire, beset with scaly dots beneath, as well as the panicles ; flowers racemose, f? . S. Native on the Andes, about Quindiu. Flowers white. Calyx calyptrate be- fore expansion, divided into 2-4 unequal segments. Corolla pentapetalous ; petals oblong, revolute, valvate in aestivation. Hard-leaved Ardisia. Tree 20 feet. 10 A. MICRA'NTHA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. 3. p. 246.) glabrous ; leaves oblong, acute ; panicles terminal and lateral, simple, crowded : with short branches ; pedicels in umbellate fascicles ; lobes of calyx and corolla elliptic, obtuse. 1? . S. Native of South America, on the banks of the river Magdalena, near Te- neriffe. Bumelia micrantha, Willd. mss. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 805. Branches brown, beset with linear purple dots. Leaves and flowers full of glandular dots, 5-6 inches long. Co- rolla small, white. Stigma truncate. Small-flowered Ardisia. Tree. 1 1 A. ORINOCE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 244 ) leaves oblong, acute ; panicles terminal and lateral, almost simple ; pedi- cels in umbellate fascicles ; lobes of calyx ovate, obtuse, with diaphanous margins; lobes of corolla ovate-roundish, obtuse, reflexed. f? . S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco, between the falls of Ature and the town of St. Borja. Branches brownish. Leaves rather membranous, paler beneath, 1|. inch long. Corolla white, full of glandular dots. Very like A. coridcea. Orinoco Ardisia. Fl. May. Tree. 12 A. pROpiNQUA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 213.) branches nearly terete, warted ; petioles and leaves glabrous ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute at both ends, quite entire, membra- nous, full of glandular dots ; racemes terminal, solitary, always simple, glabrous ; fruit pedicellate. ^ . S. Native of South America, near the banks of the Orinoco. Allied Ardisia. Shrub. ISA. FERRUoiNEA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. 3. p. 244.) branches, petioles, and panicles clothed with rusty tomentum ; leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous and shining above, and clothed with iuscescent down beneath ; panicles terminal, almost simple; pedicels in umbellate fascicles ; lobes of calyx ovate, acute. *2 . S. Native along with the preceding. Leaves narrowed at the base, membranous, full of glandular dots, 4g inches long. Berry glabrous. Habit of A, crendta. Rusty Ardisia. Shrub. 14 A. THYRSIFLORA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 148.) leaves lanceolate ; panicles thyrsoid, terminal ; segments of corolla roundish-ovate, acute ; anthers almost sessile. fj • S. Native of Nipaul. T/tyrse-jlorvered Ardisia. Clt. 1824. Shrub. 15 A. PURPU'REA (Blum, bijdr. p. 684.) leaves oblong, acu- minated at both ends, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous ; panicle terminal, pyramidal ; pedicels subumbellate ; calycine segments rounded. Tj . S. Native of Java and Nusse-Kambanga, in mountain woods, where it is called Kilampani. Purple Ardisia. Fl. year. Shrub. 16 A. MUCRONA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 685.) leaves oblong, acu- minated at both ends, mucronately awned at the apex, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous ; panicle terminal, short ; pedicels umbellate; calycine segments rounded. 1? . S. Native of Java, in the province of Krawang, near Tjiradjas, in mountain woods. Mucronate-]e&\ed Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 17 A. SANGUINOLE'NTA (Blume, 1. c. but not of Wall.) leaves oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous ; panicle terminal, divaricate ; pedicels umbellate ; ca- lycine teeth acute. Vj . S. Native of Java, in shady places on the Parang mountains. Nearly allied to A. speciosa, Bl. but the flowers are much smaller. Bloody-flowered Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 18 A. ROTHII (Alph. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 117.) leaves ob- long, obtuse, attenuated at both ends, glabrous, quite entire ; raceme terminal, pyramidal ; peduncles alternate, compressed, umbelliferous; stem arboreous. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. A. pyramidalis, Roth. nov. spec. p. 123. exclusive of the syn. of Cav. This species differs from A. pyramidalis, Cav. in the leaves being quite entire. Roth's Ardisia. Shrub 5 feet. 19 A. PV'RGUS (Rccm. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 518. ex R. Br. prod. 533.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, glabrous, on short petioles ; racemes ovate-oblong, terminal ; segments of corolla lanceolate. Ij . G. Native of Cochin-china. Pyrgus racemosa, Lour. coch. p. 121. A shrub with spreading branches. Flowers reddish-white. Tower Ardisia. Shrub 5 feet. 20 A. LANCEOLA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 275. Wall. cat. no. 2292.) glabrous ; leaves broad-lanceolate, shining ; panicles ter- minal and axillary, composed of a few simple racemes ; segments of calyx ovate ; lobes of corolla ovate, pointed. Tj . S. Na- tive of Pulo Penang. Leaves 6-9 inches long and 2-3 broad. Style length of stamens. Lanceolate-\eaved Ardisia. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. Shrub. 21 A. PANICULATA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 270.) glabrous; leaves cuneate -oblong, almost sessile, reflexed ; panicles ter- minal, oval, composed of many alternate compound branches ; segments of calyx and corolla ovate. Tj . S. Native of Chit- tagong and Silhet, where it makes a conspicuous appearance, on account of its large reflexed leaves, and very ample elegant panicles of innumerable rose-coloured flowers. Ker. hot. reg. 638. Sims, bot. mag. 2364. Young shoots thick, green. Leaves from 6-20 inches long, and from 3-5 inches broad, crowded at the ends of the branches. Berries red, smooth, size of a pea, juicy. Pankled-fiowered Ardisia. Fl. year. Clt. 1818. Shrub 8 to 10 feet. 12 MYRSINEACE.E. IX. ABDISIA. 15 22 A. A'XCEPS (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 280.) glabrous ; branches climbing, 2-edged ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acumin- ated ; panicles terminal : with flattened, nearly smooth ramifica- tions ; segments of calyx lanceolate, acute, of the corolla ovate, acute. 1? . S. Native of Silhet. Branches pale grey. Leaves 5-10 inches long, coriaceous. Pedicels subumbellate. Flowers small, pink, dotted. Tiro-edge J-branched Ardisia. Shrub cl. 23 A. "COMPLAXA'TA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 280. cat. no. 2-277.) branches terete; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acumin- ated glabrous ; panicles axillary and terminal: with villous, diva- ricate, flexuous ramifications ; lobes of calyx triangular, acute, ciliated, dotted. Tj . S. Native of Penang and about Chap- pedong. A. polycarpa, Wall. cat. no. 2285. A rambling sub- scandent shrub. Branches rather tomentose and rusty while young. Leaves coriaceous, 6-8 inches long. Pedicels in um- bellate fascicles. Flowers small, pink. Berries dark purple. Very like A. unceps, but is readily distinguished by its terete branches. Flatlencd-peduncled Ardisia. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl. 24 A. KAMDKN (Blum, bijdr. p. 686.) leaves oval, rounded at the apex, acute at the base, quite entire, glabrous ; panicles terminal, drooping ; pedicels racemose ; calycine teeth acute ; stem climbing. Jj . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods, where it is called Ojot Kaijambang and Kibaralalakkie. Climbing Ardisia. Shrub cl. 25 A. BLU'MII (Alph. in D. C. Lin. trans. 17. p. 117.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, subrepand, glabrous, finely dotted beneath ; panicles axillary and terminal, short ; pedicels subumbellate ; calycine teeth roundish ; branch- lets 2-edged. Jj . S. Native of the island of Nusse Kambanga, where it is called Sikattan, A. anceps, Blum, bijdr. p. 685. but not of Wall. Blume's Ardisia. Shrub cl. 26 A. FLORIBU'XDA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 272. cat. no. 2263.) young shoots and tender leaves covered on both sides with dense, scaly, purple, loose tomentum ; leaves crowded towards the tops of the branches, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, very obscurely crenulated, coriaceous, shining above and glaucous beneath ; panicles terminal, oval ; pedicels umbellate ; calyx dotted : with ovate, acute lobes ; segments of corolla ovate, acute. > . G. Native of Nipaul, on Sheopore, and of Noakote. Leaves 5-6 inches long. Flowers small, red. Bundle-flowered Ardisia. Shrub 10 feet. 27 A. MISSION-IS (Wall. cat. no. 6524. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 117.) glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate; panicle terminal, loose, length of leaves ; lobes of calyx ovate, acute. T; . S. Native of the East Indies. Leaves crowded at the ex- tremity of the branches, 4-5 inches long. Peduncles axillary, remotish, 3-6-flowered. Lobes of corolla lanceolate, acumin- ated. Mission Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 28 A. HU'MILIS (Vahl. symb. p. 40. Blum, bijdr. p. 687.) glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, glabrous, veined, shining ; umbels simple, axillary, pedunculate ; flowers drooping : segments of calyx short and rounded, cilia- ted ; lobes of corolla lanceolate, first recurved, then revolute. ^ . S. Native of Coromandel, Nipaul, Bengal, Martaban, Cey- lon, Sumatra, Java, Penang, £c. A. solonacea, Roxb. cor. 1. p. 22. t. 27. Sims, bot. mag. 1677. Wall. cat. 2283. A. littoralis, Andr. bot. rep. 630. A. doma, Wall. cat. no. 2283. A. oleracea, Wall. cat. 2283. G. A. umbellata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 273. Lodd. bot. cab. 531. Wall. cat. no. 2283. A. nana, Wall. cat. no. 2283. L. Leaves deep green, 3-4 inches long and about 2 broad. Peduncles solitary, bearing each a sim- ple racemose umbel of many pretty, large, drooping, rose-coloured flowers. Anthers united by their heads into a cone. Berry size of a pea, shining, black, juicy. Blume says the racemes are compound and divaricate, composed of umbels of flowers. Var. /3 ; leaves more acute, membranous, with rather pro- minent nerves ; peduncles and pedicels elongated, few-flowered. Tj . S. Native of the mountains of Silhet. A. solonacea, Wall, cat. 2283. A. K. Var. y ; flowers large ; bracteas more ample, fj . S. Native of the Nelligherry mountains. A. grandiflora, Wall. cat. no. 2372. Var. I ; leaves larger, shining on both surfaces. J? . S. A. Wightiana, Wall. cat. no. 2330. Humble Ardisia. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1798. Shrub 4 to 8 ft. 29 A. LtfaiDA (Blum, bijdr. p. 687.) leaves oblong-lanceo- late, acuminated at both ends, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous; panicles umbellately racemose, axillary ; calycine segments rounded. ^ . S. Native of Java, on the western mountains, and near Tjiradjas. Lurid Ardisia. Fl. year. Shrub. 30 A. NEKIIFOLIA (Wall. cat. no. 2278. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 118. t. 8.) leaves oblong, acuminated, on long petioles, with the nerves rather distinct ; panicles loose, ter- minal, and lateral, shorter than the leaves ; peduncles and pedi- cels rather velvety ; calycine segments small, acute, ciliated ; lobes of corolla ovate, acuminated ; style exserted ; anthers cuspidate, almost sessile. Tj . S. Native of Silhet. Peduncles sometimes elongated and cirrhose. Var. /3, montana (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminated ; pedicels shorter ; calycine segments broader ; alabastra small, acuminated, t; . S. A. neriifolia ? /3. Wall, cat. no. 2278. Nerium-leaved Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 31 A. ESCALLONIOIDES (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnsea. 6. p. 393.) glabrous ; leaves cuneated-obovate, quite entire, paler beneath, ending in a blunt acumen ; panicle terminal, formed from dense-flowered erect racemes, pyramidal ; calycine seg- ments elliptic, obtuse. Ij . G. Native of Mexico, in woods at Papantla. Leaves 4 inches long, with the petioles. Flowers white. Berries black. Escallonia-like Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 32 A. DFVE'RGENS (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 275. Wall. cat. no. 2269.) glabrous; branches diverging; leaves ovate-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, almost sessile ; peduncles rather vel- vety, bearing a few small, alternate umbellets or corymbs. ^ • S. Native of the Moluccas and Penang. A. punctata, Jack, ined. ex Roxb. fl. ind. 1. c. Leaves 4-5 inches long. Corymbs ter- minal, paniculate. Dicerg-mg-branched Ardisia. Shrub. 33 A. POLTCE'PHALA (Wall. cat. no. 2293.) glabrous ; leaves oblong, acute, ample, unequally revolute on the margins beneath ; peduncles numerous at the tops of the branches, compressed, one half shorter than the leaves ; flowers densely racemose ; calycine lobes obtuse ; alabastra acute ; style inclosed. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies, on the banks of the river Atran. Leaves 5-7 inches long, 1-J- and 2^ inches broad, coriaceous. Pedicels incurved, approximate at the tops of the peduncles. Lobes of corolla acuminated. Berry black, striated. Many-headed Ardisia. Shrub. 34 A. TCBERCCLA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 2274.) leaves ovate- acuminated, coriaceous, dotted everywhere ; racemes axillary and terminal, many-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; peduncles rather compressed, glabrous ; calycine segments ovate-acute, a little ciliated. Jj . S. Native of Singapore. Branches angu- larly compressed at the apex. Leaves 2-4 inches long, nar- rowed at the base, full of resinous dots. Pedicels umbellulate. Flowers small. Tubcrclcd Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 16 MYRSINEACE^l. IX. ARDISIA. 35 A. ATTEKUA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 2286.) glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, much dotted on the edges ; peduncles axillary, elongated ; flowers racemose ; pedi- cels and peduncles glabrous ; calycine lobes ovate, acute, a little ciliated. >j . S. Native of the Burman empire, about Tavoy. Leaves 5-8 inches long. Pedicels thickened a little at the apex. Berry smoothish. Attenuated-leaved Ardisia. Shrub. 36 A. ELLI'PTICA (Thunb. nov. gen. pt. 8. ups. 1795. ex Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 5 1 7.) glabrous ; branches angular ; leaves elliptic ; panicles lateral. Jj • S. Native of Ceylon. Leaves a hand long. Stem terete. Elliptic-leaved Ardisia. Tree. 37 A. OXYPHY'LLA (Wall. cat. no. 2291.) glabrous; leaves elliptic, acute at both ends, much dotted on the margins ; pe- duncles terminal and axillary, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels loosely umbellate ; calycine segments ovate, a little ciliated ; lobes of corolla lanceolate ; style inclosed. Jj . S. Native of Penang. Leaves 4-5 inches long, stiff, shining. Inflorescence like that of A. /luniilix, but the flowers are smaller and less numerous. Sharp-leaved Ardisia. Shrub. 38 A. EUGENUEFOLIA (Wall. cat. no. 2276.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, acute at the base, and acuminated at the apex : having the nerves thick, and arched near the margin ; peduncles axil- lary, short, panicled, many-flowered, much shorter than the leaves ; pedicels and calyx velvety ; segments of calyx and corolla ovate-acute ; style exserted. F? . S. Native of Silhet, on the mountains. Leaves 3-6 inches long, dotted. Eugenia- leaved Ardisia. Shrub. 39 A. ARBOKE'SCENS (Wall. cat. no. 2289.) glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, coriaceous ; peduncles axillary, elon- gated, stiff; panicles loose, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels long ; calycine lobes ovate, acute. Jj . S. Native of the Bur- man empire, on Mount Taong Dong. Leaves 5-7 inches long. Peduncles often compressed. Arborescent Ardisia. Tree. 40 A. AMHERSTIA'NA (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 120.) leaves oblong, acute ; peduncles terminal, and are, as well as the pedicels downy ; flowers umbellate ; calycine segments ovate, obtuse, ciliated, velvety on the back ; lobes of corolla ovate, acute ; style inclosed. T? . S. Native of the province of Mar- taban, near the town of Amherst. A. reflexa, Wall. cat. no. 2282. part. Branches silky at top and fulvous. Leaves 6-8 inches long. Flowers numerous. Lady Amherst's Ardisia. Shrub. 41 A. PAUCIFLORA (Heyne, herb. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 279. Wall. cat. no. 2270.) glabrous ; leaves lanceolate or oblong- lanceolate, acuminated ; petioles short ; peduncles lateral and axillary, 2-3-flowered. ^ • S. Native of the East Indies, at Wynaad? Young branches clothed with rusty dense scaly tomentum. Leaves 4-5 inches long, tapering into a bluntish sometimes retuse acumen. Flowers small. Few-flowered Ardisia. Shrub. 42 A. TENUIFLORA (Blum, bijdr. p. 686.) leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, bluntish, quite entire, glabrous ; panicles divaricate, axillary, and terminal ; pedicels racemose ; calycine teeth acute ; stem scandent ; flowers very minute. Tj . w. S. Native of Java, in the provinces of Buitenzorg and Bamtam, in woods, where it is called Kitjambang. Var. (3; leaves rounded at the base. Jj . S. Native at the foot of Mount Salak. Fine-flowered Ardisia. Fl. year. Shrub cl. 43 A. NU'TANS (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 121.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntish, lined transversely, quite entire, glabrous, dotted beneath, clothed with fuscous tomentum while young, as well as the branchlets ; umbels simple, axillary, and terminal, nutant ; segments of calyx acute. ^ • S. Native of the island of Nusae Kambanga, in shady places on the banks of rivulets. A. punctata, Blum. 1. c. p. 687. but not of Lindl. .Droo^mg-flowered Ardisia. Shrub. 44 A. MARGINALIA (Blum, bijdr. p. 688.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, quite entire, glabrous, finely dotted beneath, with parallel transverse stripes, and girded on the margin by the approximation of veins and stripes ; umbels sub- corymbose, axillary ; calycine teeth acute. lj . S. Native of Java, on Mount Burangrang, in the higher woods. Marginate-leaved Ardisia. Shrub. 45 A. L^EVIGA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 690.) leaves oblong, acu- minated at both ends, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous ; ra- cemes axillary and lateral, simple ; calycine segments acumin- ated. I? . S. Native of Java, on the top of Mount Cede. Smooth Ardisia. Shrub. 46 A. OBOVA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 688.) leaves obovate, rounded or obtuse at the top, quite entire, coriaceous, glabrous, marked with fine parallel stripes ; flowers subumbellately racemose, ax- illary ; calycine segments rounded. (7 . S. Native of the island of Nusae Kambanga, on the sea shore, where it is called Lam- panee. Obovate-leaved Ardisia. Fl. Sept. Oct. Shrub. 47 A. CYBibsA (Blum, bijdr. p. 689.) leaves oblong, bluntish, attenuated at the base, quite entire, transversely striated ; pe- tioles, branchlets, and peduncles beset with rusty, leprous- like dots ; cymes compound, axillary, and terminal, pedunculate; pedicels umbellate ; teeth of calyx acute. Jj . S. Native of Java, in the province of Bamtam, among bushes. Cymose-fiowered Ardisia. Fl. Aug. Shrub. 48 A. OBLONOA (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 121.) leaves oblong, acuminated, dotted ; peduncles nearly terminal, much shorter than the leaves; pedicels umbellate, few-flowered, and are, as well as the peduncles, glabrous ; calycine lobes ovate, obtuse, a little ciliated. 1? . S. Native about Tavoy. A. attenuata, Wall. cat. no. 2286. part, see no. 35. Leaves 4-5 inches long. Pedicels often reflexed. Berry smoothish. Oblong-leaved Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 49 A. OXYA'NTHA (Wall. cat. no. 2275. Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, thin ; flowers few, axillary; peduncles 1 -flowered, filiform, about equal in length to the petioles ; calycine segments lanceolate, a little ciliated ; lobes of corolla elongated, long-acuminated. J; . S. Native of Silhet on the mountains. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Pedicels rather velvety. This is an anomalous species. Sharp-flowered Ardisia. Shrub. § 2. Leaves entire, pilose. 50 A. REFLE'XA (Wall. cat. no. 2282. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p- 122.) leaves oblong, acute, glabrous above and downy beneath ; peduncles nearly terminal, reflexed, much shorter than the leaves, downy ; pedicels umbellate, densely pilose, as well as the calyxes ; calycine segments ovate, acute. \l . S. Native of the province of Martaban. Branches brown and hispid at the top. Leaves 4-7 inches long ; petioles hispid. /?e/?e:rerf-peduncled Ardisia. Shrub. 51 A. GRANIHFOLIA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, ample, cuspidately acute, glabrous above and pilose beneath ; branches and petioles hispid; peduncles nearly terminal, puberulous, stiff, much shorter than the leaves ; pedicels umbellate ; calycine seg- ments lanceolate, acute, a little ciliated. Tj . S. Native about Tavoy, in the Burman empire. A. macrophylla, Wall. cat. no. 2290. but not of Blum. Leaves 5-9 inches long, and 3-4 broad, having the central nerve hispid beneath, and the lateral ones MYRSINEACE/E. IX. ARDISIA. 17 pilose. Hairs on the branchlets and leaves silky and purplish. Berries ovoid, glabrous. Great- leactd Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 52 A. M.ACROPHY'LLA (Reinwdt. ex Blum, bijdr. p. 691. but not of Wall.) leaves rather large, oblong, acuminated, obtuse at the base, quite entire, coriaceous, tomentose beneath, as well as the umbels, which are subcorymbose and axillary. I? . S. Na- tive of Java, in the western provinces, on the mountains, where it is called Lamjianie-Badak. Long-lcaced Ardisia. Shrub or tree. § 3. Leaves glabrous, crenated, toothed or serrated. 53 A. SERRA'TA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 233.) glabrous; leaves lanceolate, serrated ; racemes terminal, compound. Jj . S. Na- tive of South America, near Santa Cruz. A. Cavanillesiana, Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 515. Anguillaria serrata, Cav. icon. 6. p. 2. t. 503. Leaves 6 inches long. Panicle pyramidal. Segments of corolla ovate-lanceolate. Serrated-leaved Ardisia. Tree 15 to 20 feet. 54 A. PYRAMIDA'LIS (Pers. 1. c. but not of Roth.) glabrous ; leaves lanceolate-ovate; racemes terminal, composed of umbel- bearing compressed peduncles; segments of calyx ovate, acute, ciliated ; corolline lobes lanceolate. 1? . S. Native near Santa Cruz. Anguillaria pyramidalis, Cav. icon. 6. p. 1. t. 502. Leaves nearly sessile, a little toothed, tapering into the petioles, 6 inches long. Panicles ample, pyramidal. Calyxes rufescent. Corolla r"d. Drupe coriaceous. Pyramidal Ardisia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Tree 20 to 25 feet. 55 A. SPECIOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 684.) leaves oblong, acu- minated, rather attenuated at the base, obsoletely denticulated, coriaceous, glabrous ; panicles terminal, divaricate ; pedicels subumbellate ; calycine segments rounded. Ij . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods, where it is called Kissamplak. Allied to A. divaricata. Shon-y Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 56 A. SERRI LA'TA (Swartz, prod. p. 48. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 471.) glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, wrinkled, serrulated, beset with rusty dots beneath ; panicles terminal ; pedicels um- bellate; segments of the corolla ciliated. Ij . S. Native of His- paniola, on the banks of rivers. Plum. icon. t. 80. Branches downy. Pedicels and calyxes coloured. Corollas deep red. Berries blood red. far. p, chrysophylla (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 515.) panicle terminal ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, golden yellow beneath. Jj . S. Native of St. Domingo. Anguillaria chrysophylla, Lam. ill. 2. p. 109. no. 2743. Flowers violaceous. Berries red. Serrulated-leaved Ardisia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 2 to 3 feet. 57 A. FULIGINOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 692.) leaves oblong-acu- minated, cuneated at the base, obsoletely denticulated at the apex, "labrous in the adult state, but clothed with rusty tomen- tum while young, as well as the branchlets ; umbels subracemose, axillary ; calycine teeth acute. t? . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods. Allied to A. solanacea. Fuliginous Ardisia. Fl. year. Shrub. 58 A. GLABRA TA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acu- minated at both ends, with rather crenulated subglandular mar- gins, smooth on both surfaces : umbels corymbose, terminal ; calycine segments semi-lanceolate, obtuse, about equal to the corolla in length. I? . S. Native of Java, in the province of Bantam, where it is called Lampanie. Allied to the preceding. Smootli Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 59 A. MACROCA'RPA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 277.) gla- VOL, IV. brous ; leaves oblong, acute, tapering downwards, gland ularly crenated, dotted ; racemes terminal, corymb-formed, almost sessile ; segments of corolla ovate, obtuse ; berries large. ^ . S. Native of Nipaul, on most of the hills about the great valley. Branches greenish. Leaves approximate, coriaceous, 6-8 inches long, paler beneath, veinless. Racemes slightly pubescent. Flowers flesh-coloured, dotted. Pedicels clavate. Berry vermillion-coloured, as large as a gooseberry. This is a beautiful shrub. Large-fruited Ardisia. Clt. 1824. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 60 A. MEMBRANA'CEA (Wall. cat. no. 2288.) glabrous; leaves approximate, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, tapering a long way at the base, irregularly crenulated, membranous ; peduncles axillary, 4 times shorter than the leaves ; pedicels short, approx- imate ; alabastra obtuse ; calycine segments ovate, acute, about equal in length to the lobes of the corolla ; style inclosed, fj . S. Native of Silhet, on the mountains. Branches thick, filled with medulla. Leaves 4-5 inches long, dotted. Pedun- cles often reflexed. Flowers small, in loose fascicles. Membranous-leaved Ardisia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 61 A. WALLICHII (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 123.) leaves obovate, acute, or obtuse, narrowed into the marginate petioles, repandly crenulated ; peduncles axillary, one half shorter than the leaves, and are, as well as the pedicels pilose ; flowers in loose racemes ; calycine segments ovate, acute, a little ciliated ; lobes of corolla ovate, acuminated ; anthers nearly sessile, blunt- ish ; style inclosed. ^ . S. Native of the Burman empire, on the banks of the Irawaddy and the At ran. A. sanguinolenta, Wall. cat. no. 2287. but not of Blum. A humble shrub : with thick, hardly woody branches. Young branches and leaves full of blood-coloured juice. Leaves 4-5 inches long, and 2 broad, thickish. M'aUictis Ardisia. Shrub dwarf. 62 A. JAPONICA (Blum, bijdr. p. 690. Hornstedt, diss. nov. pi. gen. pt. 1. p. 6-7. with a figure. Thunb. fl. jap. p. 95. t. 18. under Bladhia) glabrous ; leaves nearly opposite, or 3-5 in a whorl, on short petioles, cuneate- oblong, acute, glabrous, ser- rated; pedicels subumbellate, secund, drooping ; calyx 5-toothed; racemes simple, axillary. fj . G. Native of Japan, on the mountains among bushes. Sankits vulgo Jamma Tadsi banna, Kaempf. amoen. 5. p. 775. Root creeping. Leaves a hand long. Pedicels red. Corollas white. Japan Ardisia. Shrub 1 foot. 63 A. GLA'BRA (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 123.) gla- brous ; leaves nearly opposite, serrated, ovate-acuminated. f? . G. Native of Japan. Bladhia glabra, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 350. Lin. trans. 2. p. 331. Stem frutescent, articulated, simple. Leaves approximate at the top of the stem, 14- inch long. Berries red, size of small peas. Glabrous Ardisia. Shrub 1 foot. 64 A. PC'MILA (Blum, bijdr. p. 688.) stem suffruticose, pro- cumbent at base, rooting ; leaves lanceolate-elliptic, acute, nar- rowed into the petioles at the base, obsoletely crenulated, marked with transverse stripes, glabrous ; flowers subumbellately race- mose ; calyx 5-toothed ; segments of corolla crenulate. Jj . S. Native of Java, in shady places on Mount Salak. Dnarf Ardisia. Shrub 1 foot. 65 A. CRISPA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves oblong- lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, with repandly crenulated glandular edges ; cymes terminal, usually solitary, often com- pound ; pedicels smooth, finely veined, umbellate, drooping ; segments of calyx and corolla obtuse. Jj . G. Native of Pe- nang, Singapore, Japan, and China. Bladhia crispa, Thunb, fl. jap. p. 97. Banks, icon. Kaempf. t. 7. Ardisia elegans, Andr. hot, rep. t. 263. A. crenata Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 276. Wall. D 18 MYRSINEACE^E. IX. ARDISIA. FIG. 5. cat. no. 2262. A. glandulosa, Blum, bijdr. 690. but not of Roxb. Leaves bluntish. Ra- cemes generally solitary, from the extremities of the corymbi- form lateral branchlets. Flowers small, drooping, red. Berries red, size of peas. (fig. 5.) Var. ft ; corolla white, dotted with red. J; . S. A. crenata, Sims, hot. mag. t. 1950. A. lentiginosa, Ker. bot. reg. t. 553. Var. y ; corolla white. Jj . S. A. crenulata, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 2. Curled-leaved Ardisia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1809. Shrub 4 to 8 feet. 66 A. PENTAGONA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, acu- minated at both ends, obsoletely crenulated, glabrous ; umbels simple, lateral ; calycine teeth acute ; fruit depressedly penta- gonal. *2 • G. Native of China. A. quinquegona, Blum, bijdr. 689. Five-angled Ardisia. Fl. year. Shrub. 67 A. PUNCTA'TA (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 827.) glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, coriaceous, repandly crenated, tapering to the base ; peduncles umbellate, terminal, and axillary ; umbels involu- crated by deciduous bracteas ; segments of corolla 4-5, obovate, obtuse ; flowers subcampanulate, secund. Tj . G. Native of China. Flowers greyish white, beset with dark dots : and the pedicels with dark lines. Doited Ardisia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. § 4. Leaves pilose, crenated, toothed, or serrated. 68 A. CRENULA'TA (Vent, 'choix. t. 5.) leaves lanceolate- ovate, tapering at both ends, repandly crenulated, pilose ; pani- cles terminal ; pedicels umbellate. ^ . G. Native of Porto Rico, Mexico between Tampico and Real del Monte, Antilles, &c. A. lateriflora, Swartz, prod. p. 48. fl. ind. occ. 1. p, 473.? Anguillaria lateriflora, Poir. diet, suppl. 7. p. 687. ? Ang. crenu- lata, Poir. diet. 7. p. 689. Flowers of a reddish violet colour. Berries black, size of currants. There are varieties of this with more or less repand and hairy leaves. Var. ft ; leaves coriaceous, without pellucid dots, very pilose beneath. Crenulated-leaveA Ardisia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1809. Sh. 3 to 6 feet. 69 A. CUBA'NA (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 124.) leaves ovate-oblong, bluntish, undulated, glabrous above, rather pilose beneath ; panicles terminal, branched, about equal with the leaves ; peduncles rusty ; calycine segments acute ; lobes of corolla linear-lanceolate, spreading, velvety. Ij . S. Native of Cuba. Extreme branches and peduncles velvety. Leaves 2-3 inches long, obtuse or acutish ; hairs stellate. Flowers like those of A. crenulata, from which species it hardly differs, unless in the smaller, obtuse, less repand leaves. Cuba Ardisia. Shrub. 70 A. MELANOSTICTA (Schlecht. in Linnaea, 8. p. 526.) leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, tapering into the petioles at the base, short-acuminated at the apex, glabrous above, but beset with rusty down and black dots beneath, with erosely crenulated membranous edges ; umbels crowded into axillary racemes, which are shorter than the leaves ; corolla downy inside, at length revolute, with a short tube and narrow segments, fy . G. Native of Mexico, in woods, between San Salvador and Jalapa. Flowers white. Anthers cordate at the base. Black-dotted Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 71 A. ICARA (Wall. cat. no. 2264. Alph. D. C. 1. c. t. 7. p. 125.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at the base, acute at the apex, denticulated, rather pilose above, but glabrous and paler beneath ; panicles branched, nearly terminal, about equal to the leaves ; peduncles umbellate ; pedicels and flowers vel- vety ; calycine segments subulate ; lobes of corolla ovate, acute. \l . S. Native of Bengal, about Bhatgong and Mateabo. Leaves 6 inches long. Hairs simple. Umbellets surrounded by whorls of bracteoles. Icara Ardisia. Shrub. 72 A. ODONTOPHY'LLA (Wall. cat. no. 2279. Alph. D. C. 1. c. t. 6.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute at both ends, on long petioles, sharply toothed, puberulous ; racemes axillary, much shorter than the leaves ; pedicels short, alternate, and are, as well as the peduncles, velvety ; calycine lobes ovate, acute, cili- ated and downy ; corolla deeply parted : with ovate, acute lobes. (j . S. Native of Bengal, towards Silhet, and about Gualpara. A, pavonina, Hamilt. herb. Branches ascending, filled with medulla. Leaves 4-6 inches long. Toothed-leaved Ardisia. Shrub. 73 A. MOLLIS (Blum, bijdr. p. 689.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, crenulated, dotted, rather villous be- neath ; umbels axillary and terminal, simple ; calycine segments semi-lanceolate, acute, about equal in length to the corolla. fy . S. Native of Java, in the province of Bamtam, on the mountains. Allied to A. glandulosa. Soft Ardisia. Fl. Feb. Shrub. 74 A. TAVOYA'NA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) extremities of branches downy ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, glabrous above, pilose and much dotted beneath, rather crenu- lated, thin ; peduncles lateral, simple, velvety, rather shorter than the leaves ; pedicels umbellate ; calycine segments linear- lanceolate, acuminated, pilose outside, tj • S. Native about Tavoy, in the Burman empire. A. villosa, Wall. cat. no. 2280. B. It differs from A. villosa, Roxb. in the leaves being larger and pilose beneath, &c. Berries pilose. Tavoy Ardisia. Shrub. 75 A. viLL6sA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 274.) branchlets villous; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, villous beneath, crenulated ; um- bels axillary and terminal, very villous ; calycine segments linear- lanceolate. Jj . S. Native of Penang and Singapore. Leaves 3-7 inches long, tapering to the base, copiously dotted. Berries villous. Hairs simple, jointed. All the upper parts of the plant are densely beset with hairs. Umbellets terminal, com- pound. Villous Ardisia. Fl. Oct. Shrub. 76 A. PUSILLA (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 126.) stem filiform, to- rnentose ; leaves opposite, ovate, acute, serrated, villous ; pe- duncles few-flowered, tomentose ; flowers lateral. T? . G. Native of Japan. Bladhia villosa, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 96. t. 19. Least Ardisia. Shrub 1 foot. 77 A. VESTITA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 274. cat. no. 2281.) branches densely villous and hairy; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, remotely and bluntly crenated, tapering at the base, minutely and copiously dotted : and clothed with abundance of long, soft, jointed hairs : umbels axillary and terminal, villous ; segments of calyx linear-lanceolate, acute ; berries villous. Tj . S. Native of Singapore. Leaves 5-7 inches long. All the upper parts of the shrub are exceedingly thickly clothed with soft hairs. Clothed Ardisia. Shrub. MYRSINEACE.E. IX. ARDISIA. 19 SECT. II. HYMENA'XDRA (from v/iqr, hymen, a membrane, and av»jp arcpoc, aner andros, a male ; the anthers are membrane- winged in the first species). Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 1 7. p. 126. Anthers combined. Style about equal in length to the stamens ; stigma dot-formed. Bracteas much shorter than the pedicels. 78 A. HYMEXA'.VDRA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 282. cat. no. 2266.) glabrous ; leaves obovate, acuminated, coarsely cre- nated, tapering and entire downwards ; corymbs lateral, leafy from large bracteas ; segments of corolla nearly linear, long; anthers combined, membrane- winged and tailed. fj.S. Na- tive of Silhet, on the Juntyapoor mountains. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. t. 175. Branches marked with callous tubercles. Leaves scattered, approximate, subverticillate by threes or fours, 6-10 inches Ions- Corymbs rising from the vestiges of the fallen leaves, composed of approximate spreading umbels of large pink flowers. Peduncles flattened. Calycine segments lanceolate, slightly ciliated. Mcmbrane-anthercd Ardisia. Fl. Mar. July. Clt. 1828. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 79 A. GLANDULOSA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 276.) glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, having the margins coloured and glandular ; umbels few-flowered, on long peduncles, globular, at and round the tops of the branches ; corolline segments round and emarginate ; anthers united. t? . S. Native of Silhet, where it is called by the natives Bun-nurukalee. Leaves 4-6 inches long. Flowers small, white, on short pedicels. Calyx rusty from dots. Glandular-]ea\ed Ardisia. Shrub. SECT. III. MICRANTHE'RA (from p«rpoc, micros, small, and ut-Qripa, anthera, an anther ; in allusion to the anthers being much shorter than the filaments.) Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 126. Filaments elongated ; anthers free, much shorter than the filaments. Style subulate, not longer than the stamens. §, 1 . Style about equal in length to the stamens. Old anthers horizontal, tiristed. 80 A. CORIA'CEA (Swartz, prod. p. 48. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 470.) glabrous : leaves oblong, bluntish, quite entire, coriaceous ; panicle terminal, pyramidal, rather longer than the leaves ; caly- cine lobes ovate, bluntish ; lobes of corolla ovate, acute, re- flexed ; filaments almost combined, inserted in the top of the tube of the corolla, rather longer than the anthers. 1j . S. Native of Guadaloupe and Hispaniola. Anguillaria coriacea, Poir. diet, suppl. 7. p. 685. The flowers and inflorescence agree with Ji allenia. Corollas red, rather large. Coriaceous-leaved Ardisia. Clt. 1824. Shrub. 81 A. HAMILTOMI (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 126.) leaves obovate, bluntish, coriaceous, veined beneath, and ob- scurely so above, dotted on both surfaces ; panicles terminal, rather crowded ; racemes undulated, jointed. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo. A. obovata, Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 26. but not of Blum. Desv. herb. ex. Hamilt. I.e. Perhaps distinct from A. coriacea. Hamilton's Ardisia. Shrub or tree. A. EXCE'LSA (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 261. Chr. Smith, in herb. D. C. et Deless. ex Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, bluntish, middle-sized, entire, glabrous ; peduncles axillary ; pedicels umbellate, longer than the peduncles ; calycine seg- ments acute, glabrous; alabastra acute; lobes of corolla lan- ceolate, 3 times longer than the calyx ; filaments subulate, twice as loiiji as the anthers. ^ . F. Native of Madeira, on the mountains, where it is called Aderno tree. Heberdenia excelsa, Banks. Anguillaria Bahamensis, Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 373. t. 77. f. 1. ? MyYsine heberdenia, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 508. Icacorea Bahamensis, Lam. ill. t. 136. f. 1. Peduncles very short, therefore it comes near to the genus Myrsine. Flowers red'. Tall Ardisia or Aderno-tree. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1794. Tree 20 to 40 feet. § 2. Style one half shorter than the stamens. Anthers erect. 83 A. LHOTSKYA (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 127.) glabrous ; leaves oblong, entire, bluntish, dotted ; panicles ter- minal and axillary, many-flowered, much shorter than the leaves ; pedicels umbellate ; lobes of calyx acute ; corolla funnel-shaped, with oblong lobes ; filaments length of corolla. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, about Rio Janeiro. Leaves 2-3 inches long, full of black dots. Lobes of corolla white, spotted with yellow. Lhotsky's Ardisia. Tree. 84 A. RACEMOSA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 661.) leaves obovate- oblong, subrevolute, coriaceous, shining on both surfaces, paral- lelly nerved beneath, full of dots ; racemes axillary, straight. H . S. Native of Brazil. .Racemose-flowered Ardisia. Tree. 85 A. LEPIDOTA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 247.) branches clothed with rusty tonientum ; leaves obovate-oblong, acuminated, quite entire, glabrous, lepidotted beneath ; panicles terminal, much branched ; flowers conglobate, almost sessile ; segments of calyx ovate, acutish, full of glandular dots ; lobes of corolla oblong, obtuse, reflexed ; filaments filiform, 4 times longer than the anthers. ^ • S. Native of New Granada, be- tween the mines ofSantannaand the town of Mariquita. Branches angular. Branches of panicle clothed with rusty tomentum. Flowers small. Lepidotted Ardisia. Shrub or tree. SECT. IV. TYRBJE'A (meaning unknown to us). Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 127. Flowers loosely panicled ; pe- duncles alternate. Bracteas large, caducous. Flowers alter- nate, almost sessile, large. 86 A. BRACTEOSA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acutish, entire, coriaceous ; bracteas ovate, acute ; lobes of calyx and corolla ovate, acute ; anthers ovoid, horizontal, smaller than the filaments ; style rather longer than the stamens, fj . G. Na- tive of Mexico. Tyrbae'a, Moc. et Sesse, icon. mex. ined. Branches fuscous. Leaves approximate, 3-4 inches long. Co- rolla of a whitish rose-colour. Bracteale Ardisia. Tree. 87 A. ESCCLE'NTA (Pavon, in herb. Moricand. Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 128.) leaves ovate-oblong, acutish, entire, coriaceous, glabrous, dotted ; petioles margined ; panicles longer than the leaves ; bracteas ovate, bluntish ; calycine lobes ovate, acute, ciliated ; anthers triangular, acute, longer than the filaments ; style subulate, inclosed, fj . S. Native of South America. Leaves 3-4 inches long, full of resinous black dots. Panicle slightly velvety. Lobes of corolla obtuse, spotted. Hardly distinct from the preceding species, nevertheless the stamens are very different. Berries esculent. Esculent Ardisia. Tree or shrub. 88 A. FCE'TIDA (Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 803.) leaves oblong-obovate, acuminated, coriaceous, shining above, and nearly veinless ; spikes panicled, terminal ; bracteas ovate, con- cave, obvolute; calycine segments ovate ; lobes of corolla revo- lute ; anthers connivent. Tj . S. Native of South America. Wood white and fetid. Flowers pale rose-coloured. Corolla campanulately rotate. Style longer than the corolla. Fetid- wooded Ardisia. Tree 10 to 15 feet. f Species not sufficiently knorrn. 89 A. BAHAME'NSIS (Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 128.) Tj . G. Native of the Bahamas. Heberdenia excelsa, Banks, herb, ex Gasrtn. Anguillaria Bahamensis, Gaertn. fruct. 1. 20 MYRSINEACE.E. IX. ARDISIA. X. EMBKUA. p. 372. t. 77. f. 1. Icacorea Bahamensis, Lam. ill. t. 136. f. 1. Perhaps the same as A. excelsa. Bahama Ardisia. Tree. 90 A. LINEA'TA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 804. ex herb. Willd ) leaves oblong-ovate, parallelly veined, glabrous ; panicle terminal, divaricate. I? . S. Native of South America. Humb. et Bonpl. Lined-leaved Ardisia. Shrub. 91 A. DIVARICA'TA (Roem. et Schultes, 1. c.) leaves lanceo- late, tapering into the petioles ; flowers panicled ; branches of panicle divaricate. J? . S. Native ? Divaricate-"pamc\eA Ardisia. Shrub or tree. _ 92 A.? PARVIFOLIA (Roem. et Schultes, I.e.) leaves ovate- lanceolate ; cymes trifid, axillary. ^ . S. Native of Peru. Humb. et Bonpl. Calyx small, 5-toothed. Corolla salver- shaped, having the tube inflated at the apex, and the limb 5- parted. Stamens inclosed. Style inclosed. Stigma ovate, thickened. Drupe ovate, clammy, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Small-leaved Ardisia. Shrub 6 feet. 93 A.? PARASITICA (Swartz, prod. p. 48. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 474.) glabrous; leaves lanceolate, ovate, lined, sessile; ra- cemes axillary, simple. ^ • S. Native of Dominica, on the trunks of trees, among the mountains. Anguillaria parasitica, Poir. diet, suppl. 7. p. 687. Branches slender, brittle, tetrago- nal. Leaves quite entire, paler beneath, with blackish veins. Pedicels short, bracteate at the base. Calyx coloured : with ovate, acute lobes. Corolla whitish purple, subrotate, dotted inside. Filaments short; anthers ovate, emarginate, diverging. Style length of stamens. Stigma obtuse. Drupe globose, dotted. Parasitical Ardisia. Shrub par. 94 A. ? ARGU'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 247.) branches and under side of leaves covered with small, rusty scales ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, sharply toothed ; panicles lateral, much branched ; flowers pedicellate, rather racemose. 1? . S. Native of the province of Popayan, on the burning mount Purace, near El Primer Pajonal. Leaves 5-6 inches long. Panicle beset with rusty scales. Calyx 5-parted, having the segments dotted with glands in the middle. Stamens 5-6, opposite the lobes of the corolla. Filaments short ; anthers oblong-lanceolate. Ovarium ovate-conical, glabrous. Style filiform; stigma obtuse. Perhaps a distinct genus, although it has the habit and dotting of Ardisia. Sharp-tooth leaved Ardisia. Tree 15 to 20 feet. 95 A. OVA'TA (Thunb. nov. gen. pt. 8. ups. 1795. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. p. 517.) leaves ovate ; stem compressed, fur- rowed, fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Stem simple, a span high, glabrous : bearing 2-3 petiolate, coriaceous, entire, glabrous leaves, with reflexed margins, a hand long. Flowers panicled. Ovate-leaved Ardisia. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. Almost all the species are handsome, and of easy culture. Any light rich soil answers them well, or a mixture of loam, peat, and sand. ^Cuttings, either of the branches or root, strike freely in a pot of sand, in heat. When propagated by pieces of the root, the pieces should be planted so as their tops may be above the mould, and they should not, like cuttings of the branches, be placed under a hand-glass, as they are very apt to rot. X. EMBE'LIA (the Ceylonese name of one species). Burm. fl. ind. t. 23. Juss. gen p. 427. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 285. Alpb. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 129. — Ribesioides, Lin. fl. zeyl. no. 403. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla 5-parted ; lobes rather valvate in aestivation. Stamens 5, about equal to the lobes of the corolla in length. Anthers ovoid, much shorter than the filaments, which are free, hori- zontal at the time the flowers are open. Ovarium superior, 1- ovulate (ex Wall.). Style shorter than the stamens : stigma capitellate. Berry globose, 1-seeded. — Usually climbing shrubs, natives of Asia ; petioles sometimes denticulated. Racemes axillary or terminal, simple or branched. Flowers small. Ala- bastra obtuse. Peduncles and pedicels alternate, usually pilose or velvety. * Panicles or racemes terminal. 1. E. RiBEs(Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 285. Wall. cat. no. 2304.) scandent ; tender shoots and peduncles hoary ; leaves oblong, entire, glabrous ; panicles terminal, hoary. ^2 . ^,. S. Native of Silhet, Ceylon, Penang, Singapore, Golgipori, &c. Ribesioides, Lin. fl. zeyl. p. 403. Ribes, Burm. prod. 62. t. 23. A large climber. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Flowers numerous, very small, of a greenish yellow colour. Lobes of calyx concave. Berries size of black pepper, succulent, black. The natives in the vicinity of Silhet, where the plants grow abundantly, gather the berries, and when dry sell them to the small traders in black pepper, who fraudulently mix them with that spice, which they so resemble as to render it almost impossible to distinguisli them, by sight, or by any other means, as they are withal somewhat spicy. The vernacular name of the shrub is Baberung. Currant Embelia. Shrub cl. 2 E. CANE'SCENS (Jack, ex Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 292. Wall. cat. no. 2311.) branches villous ; leaves ovate-oblong, acu- minated, retuse at the base, villous beneath ; petioles with curled glandular margins ; panicle terminal, consisting of very long hairy branches ; petals villous. ^ . w S. Native of Penang, where it is called Assum-Oalan, in the Malay language. Leaves membranous, with revolute edges. Lobes of corolla lanceolate. Flowers white. Very like E. rlbes. Canescent Embelia. Shrub cl. * * Racemes axillary. 3 E. FERRUGINEA (Wall. cat. no. 2310. Alph. D. C. 1. c.) young branches and peduncles tomentose, rusty ; leaves ovate- roundish, entire, coriaceous, glabrous above, and dotted with rusty stellate hairs beneath. Jj . w S. Native of the Burman Empire, on the banks of the Irrawaddy. Leaves 5 inches long, velvety on the nerves above ; petioles pilose, not winged. Berry blackish. Rusty Embelia. Shrub cl. 4 E. VILLOSA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 289. cat. no. 2313.) climbing or rambling; branches villous, and with numerous callous dots ; leaves oval, or roundish-oval, short-acuminated, acute at the base, villous beneath ; racemes simple, axillary, fascicled, long, slender, and villous. ^ . w S. Native about Rajmahul and Tavoy. Leaves ciliated, 4-5 inches long, glabrous above. Flowers small, whitish, very numerous. It comes very near E. robusta, but differs from it in hairiness, and in the long fascicled slender racemes. There are varieties of this species with broadly obovate-roundish, very pilose leaves; or ovate- acute, small, smoothish leaves. fillous Embelia. Shrub cl. 5 E. PICTA (Wall. cat. no. 2302.) branches and peduncles vel- vety and rusty ; leaves oval, smoothish, remotely denticulated ; racemes axillary, simple, longer than the leaves ; calyx and co- rolla velvety. f? . w S. Native of the East Indies, in Gonga- chara and Goalpara. Samara picta, Hatnilt. herb. Branches pilose, and spotted with white. Leaves 3-5 inches long, and 2-3 broad, glabrous above, remotely marked with black dots be- neath. Flowers as in E. villosa. Painted-branched Embelia. Shrub cl. MYRSINEACE.E. X. EMBELIA. XI. CHORIPETALCM. XII. M.ESA. 21 6 E. FLORIBI'NDA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 291. cat. no. 2305. A.) climbing, glabrous ; branches slender ; leaves oblong- lanceolate, finely-acuminated, with straight margins ; panicles axillary, of many long slender racemes. H . w. G. Native of Nipaul, on Chundragiri, Sheopore, and at Thankote. A beautiful climber. Branches scabrous from dots. Leaves 5-6 inches long, with entire revolute edges ; dark green above, and pale underneath. Flowers fragrant, dense, yellowish green. far. p ; macrophtflla (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves longer. Jj . w S. Native of Silhet. E. floribunda, Wall. cat. no. 2305. B. Bundle-flowered Embelia. Shrub cl. 7 E. VESTITA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 288.) villous, scandent, very much branched ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated, sub- serrated ; racemes axillary. lj . w. S. Native of Silhet. The shrub is uncommonly well-furnished with branches and foliage. The flowers are particularly small and delicate, collected into little, oblong, subsessile, axillary racemes. Ciothed Embelia. Shrub cl. 8 E. NU'TANS (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 290. cat. no. 2303.) shrub nutant, at length pendulou*, with very slender dense branches ; leaves somewhat bifarious, approximate, lanceolate, acuminated, smooth and shining, waved ; racemes numerous, short, 2-3 together, in axillary fascicles. !? . S. Native of Silhet. Bark of branches dotted, while young downy. Leaves rather coriaceous, entire, pale, and minutely dotted beneath. Flowers small, white, verging to greenish, with a disagreeable smell. This is a \ery elegant shrub; its dense branches and pendulous habit render it a desirable ornament in tropical gardens. Drooping Embelia. Shrub 5-6 feet. 9 E. ROBU'STA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 287.) rambling; leaves, smooth, from oblong to ovate ; racemes axillary and terminal, solitary. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies, on the Rajmahul hills, \oung branches, and under surfaces of leaves downy, the tender parts clothed with rust-coloured jointed and glandular tomentum. The leaves and flowers are beset with dots, which are elevated on the latter. Flowers greenish white. Calyx villous. Robust Embelia. Clt. 1823. Shrub rambling. 10 E. PARVIFLORA (Wall. cat. no. 2307. Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves bifarious, small, approximate, ovate, acute, obtuse at the base, entire, glabrous, shining ; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves ; flowers small, densely umbellulate ; peduncles velvety. H . S. Native of Silhet. I'ar. p, major (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acute at both ends, larger, a little toothed. \) . S. Sina//-Jl_ nered Embelia. Shrub. 11 E. CROPHY'LLA (Wall. cat. no. 2309. Alph. D. C. 1. c. 131.) quite glabrous; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, entire, coriaceous, shining ; peduncles simple, elon- gated, about equal in length to the leaves ; pedicels very short. ^ . S. Native of Singapore. Leaves 2-3 inches long, cuspi- date. Flowers small. Tail-leated Embelia. Shrub. •j- Doubtful specie*. 12 E. TSJE'RIAH-COTTAM (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate or elliptic, quite entire, thickish, evergreen, paler beneath ; racemes small, axillary, shorter than the leaves ; lobes of corolla roundish. TZ . S. Native of Malabar. Tsjeriam-Cottam, Rheed. mal. 5. p. 21. t. 11. Basal, No. 2. Lam. diet. 1. p. 381. Ardisia ; Tsjeriam-Cottam, Room, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 518, Racemes solitary or twin. Flowers greenish-brown. Stigma globose. Berry round, reddish, rather acid. Tsjeriam-Cottam Embelia. Shrub or tree. 1 3 E. ? BASA'AL (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acute, quite entire, aggregate, terminal ; racemes small, lateral, shorter than the leaves ; segments of corolla acute. )? . S. Native of Malabar and Cochinchina. Ardisia? Basaal, Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 517. Basaal, Rheed. mal. 5. p. 23. t. 12. Lam. diet. 1. p. 38 1. Leaves glabrous, dark green. Flowers small, numerous, white, sweet-scented. Berries small. Basaal Embelia. Tree middle-sized. Cult. For culture and propagation see Ardisia, p. 20. The climbing species answer well for training up the rafters in stoves. XI. CHORIPETALUM (from x<»/>«c, cAorw, separately; and TfiTaXov, petalon, a petal ; the petals are separate, not joined together as in other genera of the order.) Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 131. Myrsines dubia?, Wall. LIN. SYST. Tetrandria Mcnogynia. Calyx 4~cleft. Corolla 4- petalled ; petals falling off separately. Stamens 4, opposite the petals, and combined with them at the base. Anthers shorter than the filaments. Style filiform, shorter than the petals. Ovarium superior, perhaps sometimes abortive, therefore the flowers are sometimes polygamous. Drupe globose, 1 -seeded. — WToody plants, natives of Asia. Leaves alternate, entire, gla- brous, ovate at the base, and narrowed a long way into .the petioles. Flowers racemose ; peduncles axillary ; bracteas per- manent, alternate, small ; the inflorescence is therefore that of Embelia. This genus, having the corolla composed of separate petals, verges towards Rhamneacece. 1 C. AURANTI'ACUM (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 131.) leaves ovate- lanceolate ; peduncles spike-formed, simple, 3 times shorter than the leaves ; petals lanceolate ; filaments longer than the petals. Jj . S. Native of the Indian peninsula. Myrsine aurantiaca, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 300. cat. no. 2299. Flowers yel- lowish. A large rambling shrub. Orange-like Choripetalum. Shrub rambling. 2 C. INDULA'TCM (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 132.) branches full of elevated callous protuberances ; leaves ovate or lanceolate, acute at both ends, a little undulated, thin, full of pellucid dots ; peduncles 3 times shorter than the leaves ; petals lanceolate, acute, glandularly ciliated. 1? . G. Native of Nipaul, on Sheopore. Myrsine undulata, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 299. A large climbing shrub. Flowers small, scentless, yellowish- white. Undulated-leaved Choripetalum. Shrub cl. Cult. For culture and propagation see Ardisia, p. 20. Tribe III. MJE'SEJ (this tribe only contains the genus Mcesa) Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 132. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla 5-lobed, in- duplicate in aestivation. Stamens 5, free, inserted in the base of the corolla, inclosed. Anthers ovoid-cordate, equal in length to the filaments. Ovarium adherent, half-inferior, many-ovulate. Style short ; stigma 3-5 lobed. Seeds small, numerous, angular, fixed to the central placenta Embryo transverse. — Shrubs or trees, natives of Asia and Africa. Leaves alternate, sometimes full of pellucid dots, variable on the same specimen. Racemes usually axillary, simple, or branched, many-flowered ; flowers alternate, on short pedicels ; bracteas 2, almost opposite, near the base of the calyx. XII. M^-E'SA (rnaas, the Arabic name of one of the species.) Forsk. desc. p. 66. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 133. Baeobotrys, Forst. nov. gen. t. 11. Blum, bijdr. 864. Sibouratia, Pet. Th. nov. gen. mad. p. 12. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria Monogynia. Character the same as that of the tribe. This genus joins the present order to Primu- laceae, through Samclus. 22 MYRSINEACE^E. XII. * Panicles or racemes terminal. 1 M. PANICULA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 2320. Alph. D. C. in Lin. trans. 17. p. 133.) quite glabrous; leaves broad elliptic, acute at both ends, large, toothed ; racemes axillary and terminal, elongated slender. ^ . S. Native about Tavoy, in the Burman Empire. Leaves 6 inches long, and 3 broad, mem- branous, shining, a little dotted. Flowers approximate. Stigma 3-lobed. I'anicled-fiowered Msesa. Shrub. 2 M. MUSCOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 866. under Baeobotrys) leaves ovate-oblong, long-acuminated, rather repand, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the branchlets ; panicles axillary, fastigiate. J? . G. Native of Java, among bushes on the mountains. Mossy Maesa. Fl. year. Shrub. S M. VIRGA'TA (Blum, bijdr. 864, under Bae6botrys) leaves ovate-oblong, much acuminated, glandularly denticulated above the base, glabrous on both surfaces, as well as the branchlets ; racemes compound, twiggy, axillary. fj . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods. Par. fi ; leaves quite entire. ^ . S. On the top of Mount Cede. Twiggy Msesa. Fl. year. Shrub. 4 M. LATIFOLIA (Blum, bijdr. p. 866, under Bseobotrys) leaves elliptic-oblong, bluntly acuminated, glandularly denticu- lated above the base, and are, as well as the branchlets, gla- brous ; racemes axillary, simple. I? . S. Native of Java, on the top of Mrunt Cede. Broad-leaved Msesa. Fl. year. Shrub. * * Racemes usually lateral. 5 M. OVA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 2324. Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 133. t. 4.) glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, rather cordate, entire, shining on both surfaces ; racemes axillary, elongated, slender, rather longer than the leaves. Pj . S. Native of Penang. Branches not dotted. Leaves 2-3 inches long, membranous. Flowers not numerous. Hardly distinct from M . ramentacea. Ovate-leaved Msesa. Shrub. 6 M. RAMENTA CEA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 231.) glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, entire, smooth ; panicles terminal, axil- lary, and lateral, ramentaceous. I? . S. Native of Silhet, where it is called Mulmooriya ; and of the Burman Empire, about Rangoon, Moalmyne, and Tavoy. Bse6botrys lucida, Wall. cat. no. 2323. Leaves 2-6 inches long. Panicles nume- rous, small, crowded with small abortive rusty ramentaceous branchlets. Flowers small, greenish yellow. Berries small, white, succulent. Stigma 2-3-lobed. Ramentaceous Msesa. Shrub. 7 M. MISSIONIS (Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 134.) glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, entire ; racemes shorter than the leaves. I? . S. Native of the East Indies. Baeobotrys ? missi6nis, Wall. cat. no. 6523. Intermediate between M. ramentacea and M. nemoralis. Leaves 1-3 inches long, acutish at the base, a little toothed. Mission Maesa. Shrub. 8 M. NEMORA'LIS (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves ovate- oblong, repandly tooihed ; racemes axillary, short and crowded. ^ . S. Native of Silhet, where it is called Mulmooriya, Baeobotrys nemoralis, Forst. nov. gen. p. 2;>. Vahl. symb. p. 19 ?. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 232. Mart, choix. de pi. mun. p. 6. t. 6. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Racemes twice the length of the petioles. Flowers small, white. Stigma 3-lobed. Grove Msesa. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1830. Shrub. 9 M. BLU'MII ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, glandularly serrulated from the middle to the apex, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous ; racemes axillary, simple 12 and compound, shorter than the leaves. ^ • S. Native of Java, in mountain woods, where it is called Kipiit burriet. Bseobotrys lanceolata, Blum, bijdr. 865. Var. a ; leaves oval, acutish at both ends. J? . S. Native of Java, in the province of Cheribon, and among bushes at Tjiradjas. Var. ft ; leaves rounded at the base ; racemes compound. Jj . S. Java, in woods on Mount Salak. Blume's Maesa. Fl. year. Shrub. 10 M. I'NDICA (Alph. D. C. 1. c.) glabrous; leaves from ovate to lanceolate, coarsely serrated ; racemes axillary and ter- minal : the terminal ones most generally compound. ^ . G. Native of Chittagong and Nipaul. Hook, bot. mag. 2052. Baeobotrys I'ndica, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 230. Baeob. lanceolata, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 19. t. 6. Mae'sa Chisea, D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 118?. Mse'sa Forsk. fl. segypt. arab. p. 22. t. 11. Leaves 3-6 inches long, pretty smooth. Racemes usually aggregate. Flowers numerous, pure white. Stigma lobed. The berries, which are white, are eaten by the Parbuteeyas, or hill people of Nipaul. Indian Msesa. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1817. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 11 M. LANCEOLA'TA ; glabrous; leaves lanceolate, quite entire, acuminated ; racemes twin, many-flowered. ^ • G. Native of Nipaul. Baeobotrys lanceolata, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 148. Leaves 3 inches long. Racemes sometimes by threes, or trifid or bifid from the base. Lanceolate-leave A Maesa. Shrub. 12 M. DU'BIA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 235.) almost glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, coarsely serrated ; panicles axillary, racemose, equal in length to the leaves, fj . S. Native of the East Indies, at Wynaad and Coorg. Branches hardly pubescent, dotted. Leaves 5-6 inches long. Panicles composed of long slender racemes. Flowers very small. Doubtful Maesa. Shrub. 13 M. ARGE'NTEA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 233.) young branches villous, old ones downy ; leaves ovate, acuminated, sharply toothed, downy, of a silvery white colour beneath ; racemes axillary, short. Ij . G. Native of Nipaul, on Chundra- giri. Branches subscandent. Leaves 6-8 inches long. Racemes downy : having a few alternate branches at the base, giving it the appearance of being fascicled. Flowers dense, white, nodding. Berries smooth white. Silvery Msesa. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1818. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 14 M. MACROPHY'LLA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 234. cat. no. 2325,) arboreous, densely villous ; leaves ovate, subcordate, very soft, obtuse or acute, strongly toothed ; panicles axillary and terminal. fj . G. Native of Nipaul, at Hetounra, and on Chundragiri, Naokote, foot of Sheopore, and on hills called Chiriaghaut. Bseobotrys tomentosa, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 148.? Young branches ferruginous. Leaves 6 to 12 inches long. Flowers white, smaller than those of the preceding, as also the berries. Long-leaved Meesa. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1818. Tree 10 feet. 15 M. MOLLIS (Blum, bijdr. p. 865, under Bceobotrys,) leaves elliptic, oblong, acute, almost entire, soft beneath, as well as the branchlets; racemes axillary, simple. Tj . S. Native of Java, on the mountains. Soft Msesa. Fl. year. Shrub. 16 M. MOLLISSIMA (Blum, bijdr. p. 866, under Bceobotrys) leaves oblong, acute, almost quite entire, clothed with silky down above, but very soft beneath, as well as the branchlets ; racemes compound, axillary. ^ . S. Native of Java, on the mountains. Very soft Msesa. Fl. year. Shrub. Cult. See Ard'isia, p. 20, for culture and propagation. MYRSINE ACE.E. XIII. CORYNOCARPCS. 23 XIII. CORYNOCA'RPUS (from topvvn, coryne, a club; and krapTToc, karpos, a fruit, in reference to the shape of the fruit.) Forster, gen. t. 16. Schreb. gen. 394. Juss. 288. LIN. SYST. Pentandria Monogynia. Calyx of 5 concave se- pals. Corolla of 5 roundish petals, narrowed at the base: alter- nating with as many petal-formed scales, which are furnished each with a gland inside at the base. Stamens 5, rising from the claws of the petals, subulate ; anthers oblong ; style one, short ; stigma obtuse. Drupe terbinately clavate, containing a single 1 -seeded nut. — A shrub, with alternate, stalked, obovate, wedge-shaped, sub-emarginate, quite entire, glabrous leaves ; and terminal, large, sessile panicles of white flowers. 1 C. LXVIGA'TA (Forst. 1. c. Lin. syst. 242.) I? . G. Native of New Zealand. Smooth Corynocarpus. Fl. ? Clt. 1823. Tree. 20 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Ardisia, p. 20. f Shrubs belonging to the Myrsineacece, but doubtful to which of the genera they appertain. * Natives of Asia. 1 E.MBE'LIA ? LUCIDA (Wall. cat. no. 2315. Alph, D. C. 1. c. p. 134.) branches grey; leaves oval, alternate, 2-4 inches long, acute at both ends, coriaceous, entire, with revolute hardly dotted edges, having the lateral nerves arched near the margin ; pedun- cles spike-formed, axillary, solitary or twin, 4 times shorter than the leaves, velvety : covered with ovate-acute, imbricating bracteas their whole length ; ovarium sessile, ovoid, in the axils of the bracteas, terminated by a 2-5 lobed stigma. F; . S. Native of Singapore. From the ovarium, stigma, and bracteas about the base of the peduncles, it agrees with Myrsine ; but from the flowers being alternate on secund peduncles, it agrees with Embelia. Shining Embelia. Shrub. 2 EMBE'LIA? CORIA'CEA (Wall. cat. no. 2314. Alph. D. C. 1. c.) branches blackish, striated ; leaves lanceolate, acute, half a foot long, entire, glabrous, coriaceous, glaucescent beneath, having the lateral nerves hardly evident, besprinkled with small dots on both surfaces ; panicle terminal, elongated, loose, length of leaves ; peduncles and pedicels pilose ; calyx glabrous ; berries round, dotted, glabrous ; style shorter than the berry ; stigma capitate. T; . S. Native of Penang. Leaves and inflorescence those of Ardisia, but the stigma is capitellate. Coriaceous-leaved Embelia. Shrub. 3 MY'RSIXE ? UMBELLA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 2312. Alph. D. C. 1. c. p. 135.) branches glabrous ; leaves 2-3 inches long, oblong, obtuse, glabrous, a little denticulated, with revolute margins, thickish. slightly dotted ; flowers axillary, on a common short peduncle: covered by ovate, acute, concave, rather ciliated, short bracteas ; pedicels umbellate, filiform, 4-6 in number ; calyx 5- parted. T; . S. Native of Singapore. Inflorescence that of Myrsine. Umbellulate-fiovfered Myrsine. Shrub. 4 ARDisiA? SPICA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 2273. Alph. D. C. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves on long petioles : petioles 3 inches long, dilated and marginated, sheathing at the base for the space of one inch : limb ovate, acute at both ends, 3-4 inches long, 1-J- to 2-j inches broad, repandly crenulated, coriaceous, full of pellucid dots, having the nervation very singular for the order : the lateral nerves are numerous, parallel, and very distinct, even to near the margin, with smaller, hardly perspicuous, transverse nerves; peduncles axillary, 1-3 inches long, and are, as well as the pedicels and flowers, rather downy : bearing lateral, many- flowered, or 1 -flowered, alternate branchlets ; pedicels usually umbellate at the tops of the branchlets, 2 lines long ; bracteas subulate, caducous ; calyx deeply 5-cleft, with slender, subulate, erectly incurved lobes ; corolla and stamens unknown ; ovarium superior, ovoid, terminated by the filiform style, which is the length of the calyx; berries globose, thick, 1 -seeded, as in Ardisia. J? . S. Native of Singapore. The inflorescence is that of Choripetalum. The petioles, being dilated at the base, are very like those of Alisma, and it will therefore form a new- genus. Spicate-Qovcered Ardisia. Shrub or tree. 5 ARDISIA DENTICULA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 691.) leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends, bluntish at the apex, denticulated at top, glabrous ; umbels sub-corymbose, rarely solitary, terminal or axillary ; calycine segments obtuse ; flowers for the most part tetrandrous. T? . S. Native of Java, on the Seribu moun- tains, and about Rompien. Denticulated-leaved Ardisia. Fl. March. Shrub. 6. M.E'SA TETRA'NDRA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 233.) leaves alter- nate, oblong, entire ; racemes axillary ; flowers tetrandrous. Jj . S. Native of the Moluccas. Tetrandrous Maesa. Shrub. * • Natives of Africa, and probably belonging to the genus Badula. 7 ARDISIA MICROPHY'LLA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 804, ex Pet. Th. in. herb. Willd.) leaves obovate, acutish, quite entire ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. Tj . S. Native of Madagascar. Small-leaved Ardisia. Shrub. 8 ARDISIA FLORIBU'NDA (Roem. et Schultes, 1. c.) panicles axillary, divaricate ; leaves elliptic-obovate, quite entire. Jj . S. Native of Madagascar. Bundle -flowered Ardisia. Shrub. 9 ARDISIA PYRIFOLIA (Roam, et Schultes, 1. c.) peduncles racemose, terminal ; leaves obovate, coriaceous, quite entire. Tj . S. Native of Madagascar. Pear-leaved Ardisia. Shrub. 10 ARDISIA ERYTHROXYLOIDES (Rcem. et Schultes, 1. c.) flowers lateral, subspicate at the tops of the branches ; leaves lanceolate-obovate, coriaceous, fj . S. Native of Madagascar. Erythroxy 'Ion-like Ardisia. Shrub. * * * Natives of America. 11 MT'RSISE ? SPICA'TA (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 250.) leaves obovate-oblong, rounded at the apex, quite entire, glabrous, glaucous, pruinose and shining above ; spikes axillary, about equal in length to the petioles ; flowers sessile ; corollas 4-5-parted. Jj . S. Native of the province of New Guiana, in inundated places on the banks of the river Atabapo. Leaves coriaceous, 3-3^ inches long. Segments of calyx ovate-acute, full of glandular dots. Corolla yellowish, with bluntish revolute segments, full of glandular dots. Stamens, with very short ^la- brous filaments : and erect, lanceolate, and tetragonal anthers, which dehisce lengthwise inside. Style filiform ; stigma simple. Ovarium ovate, glabrous. Perhaps a species of Weigeltia ; but, nevertheless, it differs in the form and size of the anthers. In- florescence not that of Myrsine. Spicate-fiovvered Myrsine. Shrub 8 to 12 feet. 12 ARDISIA. BRAZILIE'KSIS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 602.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, tapering to both ends, membranous, entire ; panicles lateral ; peduncles umbelliferous. J? . S. Native of Brazil. Brazilian Ardisia. Shrub. • * * • ffafag country doubtful. 13 ARDISIA MULTIFLORA (Ram. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 804. ex herb. Willd.) flowers racemose ; leaves oblong, attenuated 24 THEOPHRASTEjE. I. JACQUINIA. at both ends, with slender parallel veins. Tj . S. Native coun- try unknown. Many-jlorvered Ardisia. Shrub. f f Plants referred to the order Myrsineacece, which ought to be excluded. 1 ARDISIA TURBACE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 245.) From the description given of the fruit and seeds, in the above work, this plant belongs to the order Sapbtece. 2 BJEOBOTRYS ACUMINA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 2321.) From the corolla being polypetalous, and the stamens alternating with the petals, it probably belongs to the order Rhamneacece, but certainly not to Myrsineacece, 3 EMBE'UA? RAMOSA (Wall. cat. no. 6522.) leaves without dots. Petals wanting. Stamens 5, inserted in the lobes of the perigone, and opposite them. Stigma discoid, toothed. Probably belonging to the order Urticece. 4 ARDISIA ACEROSA (Gsertn.) is Cyathodes acerosa, R. Br. 5 ./EGICERAS MINUS (Gsertn.) is Connaris santaloides, Vahl. ex Kcenig. 6 MY'RSINE ? THE/EFOLIA (Wall. cat. no. 6391.) does not be- long to the order, as the stamens alternate with the lobes of the corolla. f -j- f Genera referred to Myrsineee. 1 OP!LIA (Roxb.) is very like Groutia, Perrot. et Guill. fl. seneg. 1. p. 100. t. 22, which belongs to the order Olacinece, according to the authors. 2 SAMA'RA (Lin. but not of Swartz) the C6rnus Zeylanica, Burm. zeyl. t. 76, belongs to the order Rhdmnece. ORDER CXLIV. THEOPHRA'STE^E (so called from the plants of the order agreeing with Theophrasta in important cha- racters.) Bartl. D. Don, mss. — Myrsineae part of authors. Calyx 5-parted, imbricate, sessile, permanent. Corolla mono- petalous, 5-lobed ; the lobes imbricate in aestivation, and having squaniaeform appendages alternating with them. Stamens 5, opposite the lobes of the corolla ; anthers turned outwardly, bilo- cular ; the cells parallel, opening lengthwise ; pollen farinaceous. Ovarium free, superior 1 -celled; the ovula erect, usually indefinite, inserted into a central placenta. Stigma simple, undivided. Berry crustaceous, 1 -celled, valveless ; 1 or many-seeded; filled by the fleshy placenta. Seeds with a hollow umbilicus ; the testa simple, thin, and cartilaginous. Albumen copious, horny. Embryo erect, with foliaceous cotyledons : and a cylindrical radicle, which is opposite the hylum. — Non-lactescent, small, evergreen trees or shrubs, natives of equinoxial America ; with usually simple stems, bearing leaves at their tops. Leaves alter- nate, callous, and often toothed on the edges, reticulately veined ; the primary veins transverse ; petioles callous at the base. Flowers terminal or lateral, racemose. Synopsis of the genera. 1 JACQUINIA. Corolla campanulate ; the appendages distinct and petaloid. Stamens free. Berry 1 -seeded. — Leaves entire, with inconspicuous veins. 2 CI.AVIJA. Corolla salver-shaped ; the appendages fleshy and adnate. Stamens monadelphous. Berry 2 or many-seeded. — Leaves veiny ; the margin entire or toothed. 3 THEOPHRA'STA. Corolla campanulate ; the appendages combined into an angularly-lobed, fleshy, arched ring. Stamens free. Berry many-seeded. — Leaves toothed, veiny. 4 ONCINUS. Corolla funnel-shaped, fleshy ; segments all hooked ; the appendages combined into a 5-cleft ring. Stamens free. Berry many seeded. — Leaves entire, opposite. 5 LEONIA. Corolla rotately sub-cam^anulate ; the appen- dages combined with the filaments into a cup-shaped tube. Berry many-seeded, seeds fixed to parietal placentas — .Leaves entire. I. JACQUI'NI A (so named by Linnaeus, in honour of Nicholas Joseph de Jacquin, Professor of Botany at Vienna, born at Leyden in 1727, author of many splendid works). Lin. gen. no. 254. Jacq. amer. 23. Juss. gen. 151. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 250. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Segments of calyx obtuse. Corolla campanulate ; segments of corolla are, as well as the distinct appendages in the throat, obtuse. Stamens 5, inserted in the base of the tube of the corolla ; anthers ovate. Ovarium containing many ovula. Style short ; stigma obtuse. Berry globose, 1-6-seeded. — Branched shrubs and small trees. Leaves scattered, obtuse, or verticillate, quite entire, crowded at the tops of the branches, with revolute edges. Flowers terminal, racemose, or solitary. 1 J. ARBOREA (Vahl, eclog. p. 26. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 250.) leaves opposite, or almost 4 in a whorl, obo- vate-oblong, obtuse, unarmed, glabrous ; flowers racemose. Pj . S. Native of the Spanish Main, about Cumana ; and the island of Montserrat. At Cumana it is called Barbasco. Branches somewhat dichotomous, the lower ones 4 together. I/eaves about 1-J inch long, and 6-7 lines broad. Corolla white. Calycine segments ciliated. Lobes of crown or appendages scale-formed. Berries red, 1 -seeded. Tree Jacquinia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1829. Tree 20 feet. 2 J. ARMILLA'RIS (Jacq. amer. 53. t. 39. pict. t. 36. Lin. spec. 272.) leaves wedge-shaped, obtuse, unarmed, alternate ; flowers racemose. tj . S. Native of South America, and the West Indies, on calcareous rocks by the coast; Jamaica, Cu- racjoa, Martinico, Carthagena, &c. — Loefl. itin. 244. t. 277. — Sloan, jam. 2. p. 89. t. 190. f. 2. Branches nodose at the rami- fications, 4-5 in a whorl. Leaves oblong-obovate, sometimes emarginate, but always with a little stiff" mucrone. Flowers small, white, with the scent of jasmine. Berry of a reddish orange colour, containing 4 seeds, or thereabouts. Bracelet Jacquinia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1768. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 3 J. CARACA'SANA (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. 3. p. 251.) leaves scattered, lanceolate-oblong, glabrous, terminating in a spiny point. ^ . S. Native on the Caraccas shore, between the port of La Guayra and Cabo Blanco, in dry places. Leaves cuneated at the base, 1-| inch long, and 5 lines broad. Berry edible, 4-6 seeded. Seeds imbedded in sweet fleshy pulp. Caraccas Jacquinia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 4 J. PUBE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c. t. 244.) leaves scattered ; upper ones sub-verticillate, obovate-oblong, rounded at the apex, and terminating in a spine, downy beneath; flowers race- mose. Jj . S. Native of South America, in the province of Bracamoros, on the banks of the river Amazon, near Tome- penda. J. mucronata, Willcl. herb, ex Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 802. Branches sub-verticillate. Leaves 1 8-20 lines long, and 7-8 lines broad. Flowers probably white. This species differs from J. macrocfirpa, Cav. in the leaves being obovate- oblong, and downy beneath. .Downy-leaved Jacquinia. Shrub 4-5 feet. THEOPHRASTE^E. I. JACQUINIA. II. CLAVIJA. 25 5 J. BERTE'RII (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 668.) leaves scattered, sub- spatulate, acutish, coriaceous, quite glabrous ; corymbs terminal, few-flowered. ^ . S. Native of Hispaniola. Bertero's Jacquinia. Shrub. 6 J. MACROCA'RFA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 55. t. 483.) leaves lanceo- late or lanceolate-obovate, mucrouate, glabrous ; flowers race- mose. Fj . S. Native of Mexico, by the sea shore, not far from Panama, Acapulco, &c. Bark violaceous. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Flowers orange-coloured. Berry orange-coloured, cherry-shaped. Long-fruited Jacquinia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1825. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 7 J. AURANTIXACA (Ait. hort. FIG. 6. kew. 2d ed. vol. 2. p. 6.) leaves obovate-lanceolate, acuminated, ending in a pungent point, gla- brous ; flowers racemose. F? . S. Native of the Sandwich Islands. Sims, bot. mag. 1639. Branches sub-verticil- late. Flowers orange-coloured, (f. 6.) Orange - coloured flowered Jacquinia. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1796. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 8 J. RUSCIFOLIA (Jacq. amer. 54-. ed. pict. t. 57.) leaves lan- ceolate, verticillate, glabrous, ending in a spiny taper point; peduncles 1 -flowered, drooping. Fj. S. Native of South America, and of Cuba, in mountain-woods. Medeola aculeata, Lin. spec. 339. — Dill. elth. p. 148. t. 123. f. 119. Branches dichotomous. Leaves 5-8 in a whorl, an inch long. Flowers white. Ruscus-leaved Jacquinia. Fl. ? Clt. 1729. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 9 J. FERRUGINEA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 668.) leaves alternate, linear, straight, cuspidate, rather coriaceous, rusty beneath, veiny ; peduncles sub-racemose, axillary, few-flowered. Fj . S. Native of Hispaniola. JRusty-lenved Jacquinia. Shrub. 10 J. LIXEA'RIS (Jacq. amer. 54. t. 40. f. 1. ed. pict. t. 58.) leaves linear, acuminated, pungent, whitish beneath, usually twisted, with revolute edges ; pedicels solitary, 1 -flowered, pen- dulous. I? . S. Native of St. Domingo, on the sea-shore ; and of the Cayman islands, on the shore, within reach of the tide, where we have seen it in great profusion. Habit of Andromeda polifblia. Flowers red. Segments of corolla reflexed. Zinear-leaved Jacquinia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 foot. 11 J. ? VENOSA (Swartz, prod. p. 47.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, veiny, rather membranous. Fj . S. Native of the West Indies. Swartz has omitted this plant in Flora Indiae Occiden- talis. It is probably the Pychotria megalasperma, Vahl. and not a species of the present genus. Veiny Jacquinia. Shrub. Cult. Jacquinia is a genus of very pretty shrubs, when in blossom, and are, therefore, very desirable in every collection of stove plants. A mixture of sand and peat is a good soil for them ; and if they were watered occasionally with salted water, they would probably grow and flower more freely. Cuttings will strike root in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. II. CLAVIVA (named by Ruiz and Pavon, after J. Clavijo Faxardo, a Spanish naturalist) Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. 1. p. VOL. IV. 284. gen. t. 30. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. Jan. 1831.— Theophrasta species of authors. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Pentdndria. Segments of calyx nearly orbicular, concave, finely and erosely serrulated. Corolla rotate ; segments fleshy, with finely crenulated margins. Crown of the throat 10-lobed; lobes obtuse, fleshy. Filaments com- bined into a pyramidal tube ; anthers trigonal, combined into a starry disk, with the cells hardly drawn out at the base, at length 4-lobed behind. Style attenuated ; stigma small, trun- cate. Berry globose, crustaceous, 1 -celled, usually many-seeded, rarely 1-2-seeded. The rest as in Theophrasta. — Shrubs with simple, unbranched stems : furnished with a tuft of long, spiny- toothed leaves at top, somewhat in the manner of palm trees. Leaves alternate, crowded so as to appear verticillate, spreading, oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous, reticulately-veined, with spiny-toothed or quite entire edges ; petioles callous at the base. Flowers terminal, racemose, white or orange-coloured ; they are hermaphrodite, but never dioecious, as said by the authors of Flora Ptruvianee. § 1. Leaves with quite entire edges. 1 C. MACROCA'RPA (Ruiz, et Pav. syst. fl. per. et chil. 1. p. 284. gen. t. 30.) leaves spatulate-oblong, acute, stiff, dotted beneath ; petioles hardly an inch long ; racemes very long, pendu- lous, glabrous. Fj . S. Native of Peru, in the forests of Cuchero and Muna, where it is commonly called Lucuma de Monte. Leaves 1 to 1-y foot long, with cartilaginous, sub- reflexed edges. Racemes from a span to 1 foot long. Flowers larger than other species of the genus. Berry size of a crab-apple. Large-fruited Clavija. Clt. 1816. Shrub 10 to 12 feet. 2 C. LONGIFOLIA (Ruiz, et Pav. syst. fl. per. et chil. 1. p. 284.) leaves spatulate-la.nceolate, acuminate, rather membranous ; petioles 3 inches long ; racemes erect, downy. Fj • S. Native of Peru, in Pati and Macora. C. lancifolia, Desf. in nouv. ann. mus. 1. p. 402. t. 14. Leaves 1^ to 2 feet long, and a hand in breadth. Berry size of a cherry. Long-leaved Clavija. Fl. Aug. Sept. Shrub 8 feet. 3 C. SPATULA'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. p. 285.) leaves ob- long-spatulate, obtuse; petioles 1| inch long; racemes erect, smoothish. Fj . S. Native of Peru, in the woods of Pozuzo and Muna. Leaves rather membranous, a foot or more long, and 5 inches broad. Racemes 3-4 inches long. Berry size of a cherry. Spalulate-lezved Clavija. Shrub 6 feet. 4 C. PE'NDULA (Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. p. 285. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. Jan. 1831.) leaves lanceolate ; racemes long, pendu- lous. F? . S. Native of Peru, in the forests of Pozuzo. Z)roo/Hflg-racemed Clavija. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. §. 2. Leaves nith spiny-toothed edges. 5 C. ORNA'TA (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves long-lanceolate, acute, spiny-toothed ; petioles a nail in length ; racemes drooping ; berries usually 2-seeded. Fj . S. Native of Caraccas, in woods. Theophrasta longifblia, Jacq. coll. 4. p. 136. hort. schcenbr. 1. t. 116. Leaves 1^- foot long, acute at the base. Racemes 3 to 4 inches long. Flowers orange-coloured. Berry size of a small cherry. Ornamental Clavija. Clt. 1828. Shrub 10 to 12 feet. 6 C. UNDULA'TA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves cuneate-lanceolate, acu- minated, spiny-toothed ; petioles half an inch long. Fj . S. Native of Guayaquil. Clavija, spec. nov. Ruiz, et Pav. in herb. Lamb. Leaves hardly a foot long, acute at the base, with the margins sinulately toothed and undulated. Flowers not seen. Undulated-]eaved Clavija. Shrub. Cult. Shrubs very like Theophrasta in habit, which see, p. 26. for culture and propagation. E 26 THEOPHRASTE^;. III. THEOPHRASTA. IV. ONCINUS. V. LEONIA.— SAPOTACE^E. HI. THEOPHRA'STA (so named from Theophrastus, the father of natural history.) Juss. gen. Lin. spec. Lindl. coll. t. 26. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, cartilaginous ; segments elliptic-oblong, with erosely-toothed edges. Corolla campanulate, with a short tube, a dilated penta- gonal throat, and a spreading limb ; throat girded by an elevated, angularly-lobed, fleshy, arched ring. Stamens 5, combined with the tube of the corolla ; anthers furnished with a beak-formed, obtuse appendage. Style attenuated ; stigma capitate. Berry spherical, crustaceous, many-seeded, bursting irregularly ; seeds half immersed in the placenta. — This is a small tree, with a simple, unbranched stem : furnished with a tuft of long, evergreen leaves at top, somewhat in the manner of a palm tree. Leaves alternate, crowded so as to appear somewhat verticillate, almost sessile, oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, stiff, glabrous, pale green, a foot or a foot and a half long, with undulated, dentately spinose margins, usually truncate at the base and apex, paler beneath, very smooth, with a very thick midrib : having the veins hardly evident, except in the dried state. Flowers terminal, racemose ; racemes numerous, many- flowered, hidden among the leaves, very short, hardly 2 inches long. Corolla white. Berry size a crab apple, yellowish. 1 T. JUSSIEU'I (Lind. coll. t. 26.) 1? . S. Native of St. Do- mingo, on the mountains. Th. Americana, Lin. spec. 1. p. 212. ? Swartz, obs. p. 58. Th. Henrici, Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. Eresia foliis aquifolii longissimis, Plum. gen. p. 8. t. 28. icon, t. 126.? Jussieu's Theophrasta. Fl. ? Clt. 1818. Tree 10 feet. Cult. A small tree, handsome on account of its long, holly- like leaves. A mixture of peat, loam, and sand, answers it well ; and cuttings, having the leaves remaining on entire, will take root readily in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. IV. ONCPNUS (from oyKivog, onkinos, a hook ; in reference to the segments of the corolla being hooked.) Lour. coch. p. 123. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, 5-notched. Corolla funnel-shaped, fleshy ; limb 5-parted : segments obtuse, all hooked to one side, emarginate ; crown 5-cleft, in the mouth of the tube. Filaments fixed to the middle of the tube, anthers simple. Ovarium globose. Style short. Stigma acute. Berry globose, large, shining, 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds small, roundish, nestling in the pulp. — A climbing shrub. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire, glabrous, shining, opposite. ? Flowers white, in long, racemose, terminal corymbs. Berry red, edible, sweet, and somewhat astringent. 1 O. COCHINCIIINE'NSIS (Lour. 1. c.). I? . G. Native of Cochinchina. Theophrasta Cochinchinensis, Spreng.' syst. 1 . p. 671. Cochin-china Oncinus. Shrub cl. Cult. See Theophrasta above for culture and propagation. V. LEO'NIA (named after Don Francisco Leon, a great promoter of the sciences, who by his munificence assisted in bringing out some volumes of the Flora Peruviana.) Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. et chil. 2. p. 69. t. 222. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 86. t. 200. f. 4. in letterpress. Steudelia, Mart. 1. c. in tab. 168 and 169. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-lobed, deciduous, with scarious edges. Corolla rotately sub-eampanu- late. Stamens 5, combined into a pentagonal, cup-shaped tube, inclosing the pistil. Anthers didymous, 2-celled. Berry corti- cate, 1-celled. Seeds many, oblong, attached to parietal placen- tas, (ex Mart. 1. c.) nestling in the pulp. — Trees with alternate, coriaceous leaves, on short petioles, entire, full of pellucid dots, glabrous. Flowers cream coloured, full of glandular dots, dis- posed in axillary racemes or cymes. 12 1 L. RACEMOSA (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 86. t. 168, and t. 200. f. 4. under Steudelia, in tab.) leaves oblong, ending in a short, acute point ; flowers disposed in drooping, compound, aggregate racemes. Jj . S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of the Amazon, at Serpa ; and of Peru. L. glycicarpa, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per et chil. 2. p. 69. t. 222. Corolla yellow, with obo- vate, concave segments. Seeds obovate. .ftaeewio.se-n'owered Leonia. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 2 L. CYMOSA (Mart. 1. c. 2. p. 88. t. 169. under Sleudelia, in tab.) leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends ; cymes of flowers bifid, erect. I? . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro, at Ega, in woods. Seeds oblong. Cymose-ttowered Leonia. Tree 10 to 15 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Theophrasta above. ORDER CXLV. SAPOTAVCE^E. Sapotse, Juss. gen. p. 151. R. Br. prod. p. 528. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx divided, regular, permanent. Corolla monopetalous, hypogynous, regular : having the segments equal in number to the divisions of the calyx, rarely double or triple that number, deciduous. Stamens epipetalous, definite, distinct ; fertile ones equal in number to the segments of the calyx, rarely more, and opposite them, but alternating with the segments of the corolla ; sterile ones equal in number to the fertile ones, and alternating with them, sometimes wanting. An- thers usually behind. Ovarium many-celled; cells 1-seeded. Ovula erect. Style 1 ; stigma undivided, sometimes lobed. Berry many-celled, or only 1-celled from abortion. Seeds nucumentaceous, sometimes combined into a many-celled puta- men ; testa bony, shining, with the front more or less scraped away, and opaque. Embryo erect, white, large, usually inclos- ed in fleshy albumen. Cotyledons foliaceous in those seeds fur- nished with albumen, and fleshy in those without, sometimes connate ; with a short straight or a little inclined radicle, looking towards the hilum, and an inconspicuous plumule. — Exotic trees or shrubs, the greater part natives within the tropics, most of which are milky. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, quite entire, coriaceous. Inflorescence axillary. This order is more nearly allied to Ebenacece than to any other, but differs from it in the species being milky, in the wood being soft, in the stamens being definite, in the flowers being hermaphrodite, in the style being undivided, in the cells of the ovarium being always 1-seeded, in the ovula being erect, in the testa of the seeds being bony, and in many other characters. The plants contained in this order are chiefly valuable for their fruit, which in many cases contribute richly to the dessert. Mimusops Elengi, Imbricaria, Commersonii, and Argania Side- roxylon are all of this description ; the star-apples of the West Indies, the produce of several species of Chrysophyllum, and par- ticularly of C. Caintto, are esteemed delicious ; and the medlars, lucumas, and sapotillas of equinoxial America, all the fruit of different kinds of A chras are among the most valuable pro- ductions of the Western world. The seeds of all the order are oily ; those of A^chras sapota are accounted diuretic and ape- rient. Their oil is not fluid, but so concrete as to have the appearance and consistence of butter, whence the name of butter- tree has been applied to different species, both in India and SAPOTACE.E. I. SERSAUSIA. II. ARGANIA. 27 Africa. The most famous of this description are the Indian Mara, mahra, or Madliuca, the Bdssia butyracea, and the African Shea-tree, Bassia Pdrkii ; the seeds of the former are so oleaginous, that a single tree has been known to produce three qtrntals of oil ; the dried flowers of the same tree are mixed by some Indians with their food, and a kind of spirit is distilled from them by others. The juice of all the sapotas is milky, but not acrid and poisonous, like that of most other lactescent orders, but, on the contrary, yielding a wholesome beverage or food. According te Mr. R. Brown, the bark of some species of A^chras and Lucuma is so astringent and febri- fugal as to be substituted for quinquina or Peruvian bark. Synopsis of the genera. 1 SERSALISIA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 5-cleft. Stamens 10, 5 fertile and 5 sterile. Stigma undivided. Ovarium 5- celled. Berry 1-5-seeded. Seeds exalbuminous, crustaceous. 2 ARGA'NIA. Calyx 10-parted, disposed in a double series. Corolla 5-cleft ; segments sub-emarginate. Stamens 1 0, 5 fer- tile, and 5 sterile, petal-like. Drupe containing a 2-S-celled nut, some of the cells usually above, marked by as many furrows as there are cells. 3 SIDEROXYLOX. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 5-cleft, with a denticulated lobe at the base of each segment. Stamens 5, alternating with the 5 teeth or sterile stamens. Berry 5-celled ; cells 1 -seeded, not all fertile ; seeds exalbuminous, bony. 4 BUME'LIA. Calyx and corolla 5-parted. Stamens 10, 5 fertile, alternating with 5 membranous sterile ones. Ovarium 5-celled. Berry 1 -seeded. Seeds albuminous. '< XYCTERISITION. Calyx and corolla 5-parted. Stamens 5, fertile, without any sterile ones. Ovarium 5-celled; cells 1- seeded. Stigma obtuse. Seeds bony, albuminous. 6 CHRYSOPHT'LLVM. Calyx and corolla 5-parted. Stamens 5. fertile, and no sterile ones. Stigma obsoletely 10-lobed. Berry 10-celled. Seeds bony and albuminous. 7 A CHRAS. Calyx 6-parted. Corolla 6-cleft. Stamens 12, -erile and 6 fertile. Ovarium 12-6-celled, 12-6-seeded. Seeds albuminous, bony. 8 LUCC'MA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 5-cleft. Stamens 10, 5 fertile, and 5 sterile, scale-like. Ovarium 10-5-celled. Berry 1-10-seeded. Seeds bony, exalbuminous. 9 IXOCA'RPUS. Calyx 2-cleft. Corolla 5-cleft, long and li- near. Stamens 10, inserted in a double row. Stigma concave, sessile. Drupe compressed, ovate, incurved at top, containing a fibry reticulated nut. Embryo exalbuminous. 10 MIMC'SOPS. Calyx 8-6-parted, in a twin order. Corolla with a double row of segments. Stamens 6-8 fertile (f. 7. a.), and 6-8 sterile (f. 7. o.). Ovarium 6-8-celled. Berry few- seeded from abortion. Seeds albuminous, nucumentaceous. 11 IMBRICA'RIA. Calyx 8-parted. Corolla with a triple series of trifid segments. Stamens 8 sterile and 8 fertile. Ova- rium 8-celled, 8-seeded. Berry few-celled from abortion. Seeds albuminous, nucumentaceous. 12 OMPHALOCA'RPUM. Calyx many-parted, covered by 11-12 concave scales. Corolla 6-7-cleft; segments alternating with as many fringed scales. Stamens 30-40, disposed in unequal series. Fruit solid, woody, umbilicate, many-celled, many- seeded. 13 BA'SSIA. Calyx 4-5-parted. Corolla 8-parted. Stamens 16, disposed in a double row. Berry 6-8-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Seeds without albumen, somewhat trigonal, bony. 14 LABA'TIA. Calyx 4-parted, the 2 outer segments the largest. Corolla 4-cleft. Stamens 8, 4 sterile and scale-formed, and 4 fertile ones inserted in the bottom of the corolla. Berry hard, roughish, 4-celled, rarely 2-celled 4-seeded. Seeds exal- buroinous. ? 15 POCTE'RIA. Calyx and corolla 4-cleft. Stamens 8, 4 sterile and bristle- formed, and 4 fertile. Capsule ovate, hispid, 4-valved ; each valve containing an arillate almond-formed seed. 16 PHELLIXE. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla 4-parted. Sta- mens 4, fertile. Capsule 4-celled ; cells corky, dehiscing inside. Seeds solitary. t A genus hardly known. 17 MONTA'BEA. Calyx tubular, with 5 unequal segments. Corolla funnel-shaped, with unequal segments. Nectary mono- phyllous, or stamens 5-8 combined, fixed to the superior part of the tube of the corolla, 5-toothed at top, with an anther between each of the teeth, which are probably abortive stamens. Stigma globose, obtuse. Berry 3-5-celled, 3-5-seeded. Seeds arillate, umbilicate on one side. I. SERSALI'SIA (named in memory of John Baptist Ser- salis, a Neapolitan ecclesiastic, much praised by Fabius Co- lunana). R. Br. prod. p. 529. — Sideroxylon species of authors. LIN. SYST. Pentandrla, Monoggnla. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla 5-cleft. Stamens 10, 5 of which are sterile and scale- formed, and the other 5 fertile and bearing anthers, alternating with the scale-formed sterile ones. Ovarium 5-celled. Stigma undivided. Berry 1-5-seeded. Seeds exalbuminous, with a crustaceous testa, and longitudinal hilum. — Shrubs, with obovate leaves, and axillary, white flowers. The flowers are almost those of Sideroxylon, and the fruit almost that of Bumelia. 1 S. SERICEA (R. Br. prod. p. 530.) leaves ovate or obovate, obtuse, tomentose beneath as well as the peduncles and calyxes ; corollas villous outside, having the tube exceeding the calyx; sterile filaments lanceolate ; style filiform, villous at the base. I? . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Sideroxy- lon sericeura, Ait. hort. kew. 1 . p. 262. Si%- leaved Sersalisia. Clt. 1772. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 2 S. OBOVAVTA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves obovate, a little attenuated at the base, rather silky beneath ; calyxes smoothish ; corolla 5-parted, glabrous : with orbicular segments, which much ex- ceed the lanceolate, sterile filaments ; stigma sessile, round. *2 . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. O&oeate-leaved Sersalisia. Shrub. Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand is a good soil for the species of Sersalisia; and cuttings strike root freely in sand, with a hand-glass over them. II. ARGA'NIA (Argan is the aboriginal name of the tree). Roem. et Schultes, syst. XL\7I. Sideroxylon spinosum, Lin. LIN. SYST. Pentandrla, Monogynia. Calyx 5-10-cleft; leaflets, or rather scales, roundish, concave, disposed in a double E 2 28 SAPOTACEjE. III. SIDEROXYLON. series. Corolla cup-shaped, 5-parted, with ovate-lanceolate, sub-emarginate segments ; having 5 petal-like, linear-subulate segments, adhering to the base of the corolla, and alternating with its segments. Stamens 5, filiform, length of corolla, and adnate to its base ; anthers incumbent, ovate, keeled on the back. Ovarium conical, hairy. Style glabrous ; length of stamens ; stigma simple. Drupe ovate, terminated by the style, 2-3-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Seeds hard, smooth, having a longitudinal furrow inside. — A small evergreen tree. 1 A. SIDEROXYLON (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 502.). \l . H. Native of the southern parts of the kingdom of Mo- rocco ; abundant in woods situated in the southern provinces, between the rivers Tansif and Sur. Sideroxylon spinosum, Lin. spec. p. 279. exclusive of the syn. of Rheede, mal. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 14. Dry. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 225. Correa, in ann. mus. 8. p. 393. Elseodendron A'rgan, Retz. obs. 6. p. 26. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1148. exclusive of the syn. Rhamnus pentaphyllus, Jacq. and Boccone. Schousb. mar. p. 89. Rhamnus Siculus, Lin. syst. 3. p. 227. exclusive of the synonymes. — Comm. hort. amst. 1. p. 161. t. 83. An ever- green tree of middle size, with a bushy head. Branches ter- minated by strong spines. Leaves lanceolate, entire, bluntish, glabrous, paler beneath ; the lower ones in fascicles. Flowers lateral and axillary, scattered, crowded, sessile. Corolla green- ish-yellow. Fruit dotted with white, size of a plum, full of white, milky juice. Iron-wood Argania. Fl. July. Clt. 1711. Tr. 15 to 20 ft. Cult. The tree will grow against a south wall, but will require the protection of a mat in severe weather in winter. It is to be propagated by cuttings in sand, under a hand-glass. III. SIDERO'XYLON (from ?, chrysos, gold, and ^vXAov, phyllon, leaf; the leaves of most of the species are clothed with yellow silky down beneath). Lin. gen. 263. Schreb. gen. 355. Juss. gen. 152. — Cainito, Plum. 9. Jacq. amer. 51. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla campanulately rotate, with a 5-parted spreading limb. Stamens 5, inserted in the tube of the corolla and opposite its segments, without any scales inside the segments. Ovarium 10-celled ; cells 1-ovulate. Stigma almost sessile, somewhat peltately depressed, obsoletely 10-lobed. Fruit globose, 1-10- celled ; cells 1 -seeded; endocarp bony, brittle. Seeds albu- minous.— Lactescent trees. Leaves alternate, quite entire. Flowers disposed in axillary umbellate fascicles. * Leaves clothed rvith silky, silrery, or golden tomentum beneath. 1 C. CAixiro(Lin. spec. 278. Jacq. amer. p. 51. t. 37. f. 1. ed. pict. p. 30. t. 51.) leaves oblong, acute at the base and apex, quite glabrous above, but silky and rusty beneath. F; . S. Na- tive of the West Indian islands, and almost throughout South America within the tropics. Cainito, Laet, amer. 390. Plum, gen. 10. t. 69. Sideroxylon Pacurero, Loefl. itin. p. 204. A tall tree with a large head. Branches clothed with silky rusty down. Leaves 3^ to 4 inches long. Flowers small, whitish. Fruit large, rather depressed, rose-coloured, mixed with green and yellow, having the skin smooth and glabrous : the flesh soft, clammy, sweet, and insipid. The Americans are very fond of it, but it is seldom eaten by Europeans. J'ar. /3, Jamaicense (Jacq. amer. 1. c. t. 52. pict. t. 31.) fruit purple, sub-ovate, Fj . S. Native of Jamaica. — Brown, jam. 171. t. 14. f. 2. — Sloane, hist. 3. p. 170. t. 229. Fruit with a green or purple rind ; the pulp also purple, and rather better flavoured than the species. It is called Star Apple in Jamaica. J'ar. y, cceruleum (Jacq. amer. 1. c. t. 37. pict. t. 52.) fruit blue, globose, fj . S. Native of Martinico. Both pulp and rind of the fruit entirely blue, of the same taste as the latter. Var. £, microphyllum (Jacq. amer. pict. p. 31. t. 53.) leaves smaller. \j . S. Native of Cuba, about the Havanna. The tree scarcely grows above 10 feet high, and the leaves do not exceed H inch long. Cainito, or Common Star Apple. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1737. Tree 30 to 50 feet. 2 C. AQTJA'TICUM (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 236.) leaves oblong, acuminated, obtuse at the base, quite glabrous and shining above, but clothed with rusty silky down beneath. ?2 . S. Native of the Missions of the Orinoco, in inundated places on the banks of the river Atabapo, betwixt San Fernando and Javita. Branches angular, silky, brown. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Flowers and fruit unknown. SAPOTACE^E. VI. CHRYSOI>HYLLUM. Aquatic Star Apple. Tree. 3 C. MONOPYRE'NUM (Swartz. prod. p. 49. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 480.) leaves oval or oblong, short-acuminated, clothed with golden-silky tomentum beneath; fruit ovate, 1 -seeded. *2 . S. Native of Jamaica, Martinico, St. Domingo, &c. among bushes. Hook. bot. mag. 3303. C. oliviforme, Lam. diet. 1. p. 552. no. 2. C. Cainito, Mill. diet. no. 1. C. CainUo, /3, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1083.— Burm. amer. t. 69. Branchlets flexible, clothed with rusty tomentum. Corolline segments ovate-acute. Fruit bluish, obtuse. Wood resembling that of box. Bark rufescent, dotted with white. Style crowned by 5 rufous stigmas. Called Damson plum by Browne. One-seeded Star Apple. Fl.? Clt. 1812. Tr. 20 to 30 ft. 4 C. ACUMINA'TUM (Lam. ill. no. 2469. Poir. diet, suppl. 2. p. 15, but not of Wall.) leaves ovate, acuminate, with parallel stripes: pale, shining, and tomentose beneath. Ij . S. Native of Cayenne and St. Domingo. Branches terete. Leaves clothed with rusty, shining tomentum beneath. Calycine seg- ments ovate, concave. Acuminated-leaved Star Apple. Tree. 5 C. BICOLOR (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 15.) leaves ovate, rather acuminated, clothed with golden and silvery silky down beneath, but glabrous and shining above; fruit pear-shaped. '7 . S. Native of Porto Rico. Very nearly allied to C. acuminatum, but the branches are more flexuous ; the lea^ es have one half silvery and the other golden yellow beneath. Fruit size of a small nut, pulpy. Tn'o-coloured-leaveA Star Apple. Tree. 6 C. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Lam. ill. 2. p. 44. no. 2470.) leaves lanceolate, shining, with parallel stripes, clothed with rusty silky down beneath ; fruit olive-formed. ^7 . S. Native of St. Domingo. Poir. suppl. 2. p. 16. Allied to C. monopyrenum ; but the leaves resemble those of Olive or Privet, and are, there- fore, much smaller. Fruit usually 2-seeded, irregular at the base. Narrow-leaved Star Apple. Clt. 1819. Tree 20 feet. 7 C. ARGE'NTEUM (Jacq. amer. p. 53. t. 38. f. 1. ed. pict. p. 31. t. 54.) leaves ovate-oblong, falcately acuminated, glabrous and shining above, but clothed with silky silvery down beneath ; fruit round. I? . S. Native of Martinico. Fruit of a dirty purplish blue colour, size of an ordinary plum: containing a soft, bluish, edible pulp. Sihery-\eaved Star Apple. Fl.? Clt. 1758. Tree 20 feet. 8 C. MICROCA'RPUM (Swartz. prod. 1. p. 49. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 482.) leaves ovate, acute, glabrous above, and downy beneath ; fruit oblong, oblique, 1-seeded. fj . S. Native of Hispaniola, on the banks of rivers. Distinguished from C. gl&brum, in the higher stature, in the leaves being downy and paler beneath. Corolla with a white tube, silky outside : with concave, obtuse segments. Fruit size of a gooseberry, fixed obliquely to the pedicel, of a very sweet, delicious taste. Small-fruited Star Apple. Tree. 9 C. MACROPHY'LLUM (G. Don, in hort. trans. 5. p. 458. Loud. hort. brit. p. 69.) leaves large, oblong-lanceolate, clothed with rusty silky down beneath. Tj . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Leaves long and large. Fruit large. Long-leaved Star Apple. Clt. 1824. Tree 50 to 60 feet. 10 C. OBOVA'TUM (G. Don, in hort. trans. 5. p. 458.) leaves obovate, tapering to the base, and acuminated at the apex, shining and green above, but clothed with silvery silky white tomentum beneath. I? . S. Native of Sierra Leone. A small branchy tree. Ouovate-\eaved Star Apple. Tree 10 to 12 feet. 1 1 C. A'LBIDUM ; leaves elliptic-oblong, coriaceous, acumi- nated, shining above, but clothed with white down beneath ; fruit roundish-ovate, pointed, 5-seeded. I? . S. Native of the African island of St. Thomas. Flowers whitish. Perhaps a sj/ecies of Nycterisition. White-\e&ved Star Apple. Tree 50 to 60 feet. 12 C. HUMBOLDTIA'NUM (Room, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 813.) leaves ovate, acuminated, acute, attenuated at the base, shining above, and clothed with rusty silky down beneath. (7.8. Native of South America. Humb. et Bonpl. C. acuminatum, Willd. herb. This species is unknown to Kunth. Humboldl's Star Apple. Tree. 13 C. OBTUSA'TUM (Willd. herb, ex Room, et Schultes, 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, nerveless, acuminated, clothed with rusty silky down beneath. ^ . S. Native of South America, on the banks of the river Atabapo. Humb. et Bonp. Unknown to Kunth. Perhaps C. aquaticum, Kunth. Blimtish- leaved Star Apple. Tree. * * Leaves glabrous on both surfaces. 14 C. MICHINO (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 236.) leaves obovate, bluntish, acute at the base, quite glabrous, and of the same colour on both surfaces, fj . S. Native of the pro- vince of Bracamoras, near Cavico and Matara, where it is called Michino by the natives. Branches terete, glabrous, fuscescent. Leaves approximate, 2-3 inches long. Fruit yellow outside, whitish and clammy inside ; very grateful, edible. Michino Star Apple. Tree 40 to 50 feet. 15 C. ? RUGOSUM (Swartz. prod. p. 49. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 484). leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous on both surfaces ; fruit nearly globose, wrinkled, acuminated. ^7 . S. Native of the west of Jamaica, on the mountains. Leaves large, obtuse, un- dulated, paler beneath. Calyx and pedicels rusty. Corolla with a very short tube : and ovate, obtuse segments, furnished with 5 small secondary ones, between the others. Fruit size of a nut, yellowish brown ; containing many oblong, compressed seeds. This is certainly not a species of Chrysopliyllum, from the corollas being furnished with scales inside, as in Bumelia, of which probably it is a species. It differs from other species of this genus, in the leaves, flowers, and fruit. Jl'iinkled-fmhed Star Apple. Tree. 16 C.? MACOUCOU (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 233. t. 92.) leaves gla- brous on both surfaces, ovate-oblong, acuminated ; fruit pear- shaped, yellow, glabrous, and smooth. ^7 . S. Native of Guiana. Lam. diet. 1. p. 552. C. pyriforme, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1084. Bark greyish yellow. Wood hard, white. Leaves pale green. Fruit by twos or fours, the whole length of the branches ; having a fleshy, yellowish, thick rind, covering a nut, which is much excavated on one side, edible. Perhaps this, with Bume- lia nervbsa, and C. rugosum, will form the genus named Fitella- ria by Gaertn. Macoucou Star Apple. Tree 30 feet. 17 C. POMIF6RME (Bert, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 667.) leaves oblong, attenuated at both ends, and quite glabrous on both surfaces, opaque, finely and parallelly veined, coriaceous ; pedi- cels very short, sub-aggregate ; iruit apple-shaped. lj . S. Native of Jamaica. Apple-formed-fru\ted Star Apple. Tree. 18 C. SESSILIFLORUM (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 16.) leaves coria- ceous, glabrous on both surfaces, obovate : with distant, alternate nerves; flowers sessile, fasciculate. ^7.8. Native of Cayenne. Form and size of the leaves that of Bumelia nervbsa. Leaves shining above, and pale beneath. Flowers downy outside, sessile, and pedicellate. Sessile-Jlorvered Star Apple. Tree. 19 C. GLA'BRUM (Jacq. amer. p. 53. t. 38. f. 2. ed. pict. p. 31. t. 55. Lin. spec. 278.) leaves ovate-oblong, quite glabrous on both surfaces ; fruit elliptic and smooth. (7 . S. Native of Martinico. Mill. diet. no. 2. Leaves hardly 2 inches long. Fruit blue, form and size of a small olive, seldom eaten except by children. SAPOTACE.E. VI. CHRTSOPHTLLCM. VII. ACHEAS. VIII. LUCDMA. 33 J'ar. j3 ; pauciflorum (Lam. ill. no. 2473.) leaves ovate, acu- minated, almost glabrous on both surfaces ; flowers few together. Glabrous Star Apple. Clt. 1823. Tree 15 feet. 20 C. ROXBU'RGHII ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous on both surfaces ; fruit globose, 5-seeded. I? . S. Native of Silhet, where it is called Pltakara. C. acuminatum, Roxb. fl. iad. 2. p. 346, but not of Lam. Leaves with parallel veins, 3-4 inches long. Pedicels recurved. Stigma 5-lobed. Fruit size of a small crab, yellow when ripe, smooth, and is greedily eaten by the na- tives of Silhet, although insipid ; the pulp is tolerably firm, but excessively clammy, adhering to the lips or knife with great tenacity. Roxburgh' t Star Apple. Tree middle-sized. 21 C. MTIDUM (Meyer, esseq. p. 116.) leaves oval, drawn out at the apex, obtuse and emarginate, glabrous on both surfaces, shining above. Ij . S. Native of the continent of America, about Essequibo, in woods. Branches terete, clothed with rusty, adpressed, silky tomentum, when young. Leaves 3 inches long. Calyx tomentose, with roundish segments. Corolla downy : with ovate, obtuse, rather concave segments. Ovarium villous. Stigma crowned by 5 tubercles, full of liquid. .Shining-leaved Star Apple. Tree. Cult. The species of Star Apple are grown in hot-houses, only for the sake of their beautiful foliage, which are either clothed with golden yellow, or silvery, silky, glossy down, beneath ; for they cannot be grown for their fruit in this country, as they never bear until they attain to large trees. A mixture of sandy loam and peat is a good soil for them ; and cuttings taken from ripened wood strike root in sand, under a hand-glass, in a strong moist heat. VII. A'CHRAS (ax/>ac, achrat, the Greek name of the wild pear.) Lin. gen. no. 438. Schreb. no. 538. Jacq. amer. p. 56. Juss. p. 152. R. Br. prod. p. 530. H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 239. — Sapota, Plum 4. Gaertn. fruct. 2. t. 104. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 6 rarely 5- parted. Corolla 6-cleft. Stamens 12, 6 of which are sterile and scale-formed, alternating with the other 6, which are fertile. Ovarium 12-6-celled. Style filiform; stigma obtuse. Fruit 12-6 seeded. Seeds or nuts compressed, bony, scraped length- wise in front, albuminous. — Lactescent trees ; with scattered, coriaceous, quite entire leaves; and axillary, 1 -flowered pedun- cles. Fruit large, edible. 1 A. SAPOTA (Lin. spec. 470.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, ob- tuse, veinless, glabrous ; flowers solitary, hexandrous ; pedun- cles and calyxes clothed with fine tomentum ; calyx 6-parted. 1? • S. Native of South America, on the main land, within the tropics. About Cumana it is called Nitpero. Jacq. amer. p. 57. t. 41. ed. pict. t. 41. Sapota Avchras, Gjertn. fruct. 2. p. 103. t. 104. Mill. diet. no. 1. A'chras, Browne, jam. p. 200. t. 19. Loef. itin. p. 186. Plenck, icon. 277. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Flowers white, scentless. Bark of tree full of cracks. Fruit elliptic or globose, bigger than a quince, covered with a thick, brown, scabrous rind, which, when the fruit is ripe, becomes tough and yellowish ; the flesh is yellow, it smells well, and the taste is agreeable to many. far. pj zapotilla (Browne and Jacq. 1. c.) fruit roundish. J- . S. Native of Jamaica, and many parts of South America. Sloane, hist. 2. p. 171. t. 230. p. 172. t. 169. f. 2. — Catesb. car. 2. t. 87. Fruit about the size of an apple, when ripe of a deli- cious mellow flavour. The kernels of the seeds are bitter, and may be used occasionally in strengthening emulsions. Called Sapodillo tree, or small Sapota. Common Sapota Tree. Fl. ? Clt. 1731. Tree 10 to 50 feet. 2 A. SESSILIFLORA (Poir. ency. 6. p. 531.) leaves cuneate- oblong, obtuse and emarginate, coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers VOL. IV. almost sessile, solitary. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Calyx rather downy. SestiU-Jlorrered Sapota Tree. Tree. 3 A. COSTA'TA (Endlicher, prod. fl. ins. norf. p. 49.) leaves obovate-elliptic, bluntish, ribbed ; pedicels and calyxes pilose ; flowers pentandrous ; sterile filaments linear, subulate; fruit 1- 4-seeded. Iy . G. Native of Norfolk Island. Bauer, ill. pi. ins. norf. t. 161. Fruit about the size of a walnut. ./?»&6ed-leaved Sapota. Shrub or tree. 4 A. ACSTRA'LIS (R. Br. prod. p. 530.) leaves elliptic-oblong, glabrous as well as the calyxes and peduncles ; sterile filaments linear-subulate ; ovarium 6-celled. ij . G. Native of New South Wales. Calyx, as well as corolla, often 5-cleft. Southern Sapota Tree. Fl. ? Clt. 1827. Tree 20 feet? Cult. For culture and propagation see Chrysophyllum, above. VIII. LUCt?MA (the name of one of the species in Peru.) Juss. gen. p. 152. Gaertn. fruct. 3. p. 129. H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 239 — A'chras species, Lin. Jacq. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 5-cleft. Stamens 10, 5 of which are sterile and scale-formed: the other 5 fertile, alternating with sterile ones. Ovarium 10-5-celled. Fruit 1-10-seeded; nuts or seeds bony, marked by a large umbilical areola, without albumen. — Lactescent trees, with scattered quite entire coriaceous leaves; and 1 -flowered axillary or lateral peduncles, which are either solitary or 2-3 in a fascicle. 1 L. MAMMOS A (Gaertn. fil. fruct. 3. p. 129.) leaves obovate- lanceolate, and oblong, cuspidate, , glabrous ; Sowers solitary. ^ . S. Native of South America, in many places within the tropics ; and of many of the West India Islands, where it is also cultivated. Axchras mammosa, Lin. spec. 1. p. 469. A'chras Sapota major, Jacq. amer. 56. t. 182. f. 19. ed. pict. p. 32. t. 59. Sapota mammosa, Mill. diet. no. 2. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 104. About Javita it is called Johoinco. — Sloane, jam. 2. p. 124. t. 218. — Plukn. aim. p. 39. t. 268. f. 2. A tall tree, with a spreading head. Leaves 1-2 feet long, shining. Flowers small, whitish. Sterile filaments subulate. The Mammee Sa- pota, or American Marmalade, is a large oval or top-shaped fruit, covered with a brownish, rough skin, under which is a soft pulp, of a russet colour, very luscious, which is called natural marmalade, from its likeness to marmalade of quinces. In the West Indies, and parts of the main land of South America, the tree is commonly planted in gardens for its fruit. There is a variety of this tree called by P. Browne, the Bully tree, or Nisberry Bully tree, because it generally grows the tallest of all the trees in the woods ; its fruit is small, and the wood is esteemed one of the best timbers in Jamaica. Common or Teated Mammee Sapota. Clt. 1739. Tree 50 to 100 feet. 2 L. CAIMITO (Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 701.) leaves obovate-lanceolate, glabrous, coriaceous ; flowers aggregate, te- trandrous ; calyx glabrous ; fruit oval, 1 -seeded. Tj . S. Native of Peru, on die Andes. A'chras Caimito, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 18. t, 240. A lofty tree, with a frondose head. Fruit softer, with a better flavour than the preceding ; pulp soft, yellow. Corolla ovate-tubular, yellowish. Calyx 4-parted, fulvous. The fruit is called Caimitos, and the tree Caimito, in Peru. The wood is yellow, and used for various useful purposes. Caimito Mammee Sapota. Tree 50 to 100 feet. 3 L. BONPLA'NDII (Humb. mss. ex H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 240.) leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, cuneated at the base, papery : having the nerves and veins, as well as the petioles and calyxes, downy. ^ . S. Native of Cuba, cultivated about the Havanna. Branchlets pilosely tomentose. Leaves 8-9 inches F SAPOTACE^E. VIII. LUCUMA. IX. INOCARPUS. X. MIMUSOPS. long, and 2-3 broad. Calyx 9-12 parted; segments ovate, im- bricate, pilose outside. Sterile stamens scale-formed, acumi- nated. Fruit ovate, 4-6 inches long. Bonpland's Mammee Sapota. Clt. 1822. Tree 60 feet. 4 L. CAMPECHIA'NUM (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) leaves oblong, somewhat acuminated, acute at the base, membranous, gla- brous, shining; flowers 3 in a fascicle ; calyxes and peduncles clothed with fine, canescent tomentum. 1? . S. Native of Mexico, about Campeche. Leaves 8-9 inches long, paler beneath. Segments of corolla and calyx obtuse. Sterile sta- mens scale-formed, oblong-lanceolate. Ovarium ovate, globose, having 5 cells; cells 1-ovulate. Habit of Chrysophy'llum macrophy'llum, Lam. Campechy Mammee Sapota. Tree. 5 L. SALICIFOLIUM (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c. p. 241.) leaves lan- ceolate, a little acuminated, narrowed at the base, membranous, glabrous, shining ; flowers twin ; calyxes and peduncles clothed with fine tomentum. I? . S. Native of Mexico, where it is called Sapole-borocho. Leaves 5-6 inches long, and 1 inch broad, paler beneath. Sterile stamens lanceolate-linear, longer than the fertile ones. Ovarium ovate, hairy. Willow-leaved Mammee Sapota. Clt. 1823. Tree. 6 L. TEMA'RE (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, sub- acuminated, narrowed at the base, undulated, membranous, glabrous. T? . S. Native about the Orinoco, in woods, where it is called Temare. Leaves 6-7 inches long, paler beneath. Fruit ovate, fleshy, clammy, 3-seeded. Very like the preceding species. Temare Mammee Sapota. Tree. 7 L. OBOVA'TUM (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) leaves obovate-elliptic, rounded at the apex, acute at the base, rather membranous, glabrous ; flowers solitary, or 2-3 together ; calyxes and pedun- cles clothed with fine rusty down, fj . S. Native of Peru, near the town of Loxa, in the temperate regions, where it is called Lucuina. A'chras Lucuma, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 17. t. 239. Pers. syn. 1. p. 235. Tree with a globose head. Leaves 4 inches long. Flowers about the size of those of A^chras Sapota. Segments of calyx and corolla greenish, roundish obtuse. Sterile stamens linear, a little ciliated. Fruit depressedly globose, green, glabrous, yellow and clammy inside, crowned by a scaly ring, 1-5 seeded, but usually 3-seeded. The wood is compact and white, and used for various economical purposes. Obovate-leaved Mammee Sapota. Clt. 1822. Tree 20 to 40 feet. t A doubtful species. 8 L. SERPENTA'RIA (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c. p. 242.) leaves obo- vate-oblong, or oblong, rounded at the apex, acute at the base, coriaceous, quite glabrous, shining above. \i . S. Native of Cuba, near Regla, where it is called Sapote de Coulevra, A lactescent tree, with glabrous, hoary branches. Leaves 1-2 inches long. Fruit depressedly globose, edible, 5-seeded. Serpent Mammee Sapota. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Chrysophy'llum, p. S3. IX. INOCA'RPUS (from ig IVOQ, is inos, a fibre, and capTroc, karpos, a fruit ; the nut is full of fibres.) Forst. gen. t. 33. Schreb. gen. no. 754. Thunb. no v. gen. 45. Juss. gen. 152. Gaertn. fruct. 3. t. 199 and 200. f. 1. ' Blum, bijdr. 551. LIN. SYST. Dec&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, bifid, de- ciduous. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-6-cleft; segments long, linear. Stamens 10-12, disposed in two rows; filaments very short, adnate to the corolla inside ; anthers didymous, dehiscing at the sides. Ovarium oblong, villous, containing one pendulous ovulum. Style none ; stigma concave. Drupe large, a little compressed, ovate, incurved at top, containing a 1-seeded nut, 7 which is covered with reticulated fibres. Albumen none. — A tree, with long, alternate, veiny, quite entire leaves ; and axillary, spicate racemes of flowers. 1 I. EDU'LIS (Forst. fl. austr. no. 197. pi. escul. 50. no. 18. Lin. syst. 408. suppl. 239.) leaves oblong, sub-cordate at the base ; racemes axillary, hairy ; flowers small, bracteate. Jj . S. Native of the Society and Friendly Islands, and New Hebrides, in the South Seas ; also of Amboyna and Java. Lam. ill. t. 362. — Rumph. amb. 1. t. 65. Forster describes this as a lofty tree, with brown, chinky bark. Leaves sub-distich, ovate-oblong, hardly cordate, blunt and retuse, seldom acute, a span long, and on young trees a foot. Flowers pale yellow. In Otaheite this tree is called Hi, and the fruit Ratta. In Mallicollo the name of the tree is Nias ; and in Tanna, Emmer. In Cook's last voyage, 1. p. 393, the nuts are called Eisi. The kernel of these, which is kidney-shaped, and about an inch in diameter, is eaten roasted by the inhabitants of the Society and Friendly Islands, the New Hebrides, New Guinea, the Molluccas, &c. It is sweetish, but less pleasant than the chestnut, harder, and less farinaceous. The bark is astringent, and is used in dysentery. In New Guinea they smear the heads of their arrows with the expressed resinous juice. Edible Otaheite-chestnut. Clt. 1793. Tree 40 to 50 feet. Cult. See Chrysophyllum, p. 33, for culture and propagation. X. MIMIPSOPS (from fiifj<>i, mimo, an ape; and oj . S. Native of Silhet, where it is called Goolul, and where it furnishes the natives with a durable timber, for the construction of their habitations. Stigma 8-cleft. Flowers quadrifid and quinquefid. Lance-leaved Date Plum. Tree large. 33 D. EBE'NUM (Retz. obs. 3. p. 5. t. 31.) leaves bifarious, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; leaf-buds hairy ; male flowers sub-racemose, with about 20 anthers ; her- maphrodite flowers octandrous, solitary ; stigma 4-cleft. Tj . S. Native of Ceylon, in woods. D. glaberrima, Rothb. in nov. act. hafn. 2. p. 540. t. 5. Hebenaster, Rumph. amb. 3. p. 13. t. 6.? Ebony Date Plum. Clt. 1 792. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 34 D. MARITIMA (Blum, bijdr. p. 669.) leaves oblong, obtuse, acutish at the base, and furnished with 2 depressed glands at the base beneath, coriaceous, glabrous, shining ; flowers axillary, sessile, male ones crowded, hermaphrodite ones almost solitary ; flowers obliquely 4-5-cleft. Jj . S. Native of Java, on the south shore. Sea-side Date Plum. Fl. Oct. Nov. Shrub. 35 D. MONTA'NA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 37. t. 48.) leaves ovate- oblong, rounded at the base, acute at the apex, glabrous ; male flowers with 8 double filaments ; berry 8-seeded. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies, among the Circars, where it is called Yerra-goda by the Telingas. Female flowers with about 4 ste- rile stamens. Mountain Date Plum. Clt. 1822. Tree. 36 D. MABOLA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 41. Lindl. bot. reg. 1 139.) leaves oblong, acute at both ends, deep green above, silky beneath, as well as the branchlets ; fascicles of flowers disposed in ra- cemes ; stamens 12, in the male flowers. Tj . S. Native of the Philippine Islands. Cavanillea Philippensis, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 663. t. 454. Wood black, very compact. Corollas sweet- scented, pale yellow, silky outside. The fruit called Mabola is brown, with a pink-coloured, fleshy rind, about the size of a quince : its flavour is said to be agreeable, the pulp is firm and white. The tree is cultivated in the Isle of France, for its fruit. Mabola Date Plum. Clt. 1822. Tree 8-10 feet. 37 D. OBOVA'TA (Jacq. schcenbr. 3. p. 34. t. 312.) leaves mem- branous, obovate, obtuse, glabrous on both surfaces ; flowers quadrifid, octandrous ; berries 4-seeded. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica and St. Domingo. D. tetrasperma, Swartz. prod. 6?. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 678. Corolla orange-coloured. Obovate-leaved Date Plum. Clt. 1796. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 38 D. UNDULA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 4136.) leaves glabrous, shining, deep green, oblong, acuminated, on short petioles ; flowers axillary, sessile, solitary ; calyx villous, 4-lobed ; fruit globular. Jj . S. Native of the Burman empire, at Amherst. Leaves 6-10 inches long. Undulated-leaved Date Plum. Shrub or tree. 39 D. AMOS'NA (Wall. cat. no. 4139.) leaves lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; flowers lateral and axil- lary, sessile, solitary, clothed with rusty down ; calyx propped by scales. Jj . S. Native of the East Indies. Leaves 7-9 inches long. Pleasant Date Plum. Shrub or tree. 40 D. EHRETIOIDES (Wall. cat. no. 4137.) leaves glabrous, oblong-roundish or oblong, rusty beneath ; peduncles lateral and axillary, trichotomous, downy : lateral branches 3-flowered, the middle one 1 -flowered. Tj . S. Native of the Burmese Em- pire at Moalmeyne. Leaves 8-10 inches long, and 4-6 broad. Ehretia-like Date Plum. Shrub or tree. 41 D. STRICTA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 539.) leaves ovate-lanceo- EBENACE.E. I. DIOSPYROS. II. EMBRYOPTERIS. 41 late ; male peduncles 3-6-flowered; male flowers with 16 stamina, on a convex receptacle. I? . S. Native of Tipperah. A tall, slender tree, with a straight trunk, as in firs. The female tree is unknown. Straight Date Plum. Tree tall. 42 D. BRACTEA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 539.) leaves oblong, acute ; style 4-cleft ; berry 8-seeded. ^ . S. Native of Dooab. The male tree has not been found. Bracteate- flowered Date Plum. Tree. 43 D.LOBA'TA (Lour, cochin, p. 227.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous on both surfaces ; peduncles 1 -flowered ; berries 8- lobed : flowers quadrifid. Jj . G. Native of Cochinchina. Leaves 'small. Corolla white, with a 4-cornered tube. Stigma deeply 4-cleft. Berry pale yellow, about an inch in diameter, having a sweetish austere pulp, without any smell. Zo&erf-fruited Date Plum. Clt. 1822. Shrub 8 feet. 44 D. DENSIFLORA (Wall. cat. no. 4140.) leaves oblong, gla- brous, coriaceous ; peduncles branched, or in clusters, many- flowered ; fruit globose. \ . S. Native of Moalmyne and Martaban. Leaves 5-8 inches long, and 4-5 broad. Dense-Jlonered Date Plum. Shrub. 45 D. LYCIOIDES (Desf. in ann. mus. cah. 36. p. 448.) leaves small, lanceolate, flat, obtuse, glabrous, smooth, subfasci- cled. (7 . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers hermaphrodite. Hardly distinct from Royena. Lycium-like Date Plum. Clt. 1806. Shrub. 46 D. VACCINOIDES (Lindl. ex Hook. exot. fl. 189.) leaves ovate, obtuse, shining above, villous beneath, and on the edges; flowers solitary, axillary, quadrifid, tetrandrous ; fruit ovate, 3-celled, 3-seeded ; calycine segments ovate, subulate, pilose, with coloured edges ; corolla sub-campanulate, with ovate, undulated segments. Tj . G. Native of China, Penang, and Singapore. Lodd. hot. cab. 1549. Perhaps a species of Maba, with quadrifid flowers. Stigma quite simple. Corolla white. A small evergreen shrub. jr/wrtle-berry-l'tke Date Plum. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Shrub 2-3 feet. 47 C. HETEROPHY'LLA (Wall. cat. 4138.) leaves variable in size and shape, roundish or oblong-obovate, emarginate, smaller than in most other species : calycine lobes obtuse, reflexed. H . S. Native of Ava. Allied to the preceding. Variable-leaved Date Plum. Shrub. •(• Species hardly known. 48 D. MELAMDA (Poir. ency. 4. p. 431. Pers. ench. 2. p. fi25.) leaves ovate, petiolate; berries sub-globose, depressed, 10-celled ; calyx pentagonal, with a reflexed mouth, fj . S. Native of the Isle of France. Ebenus melanida, Commers. Black-wooded Date Plum. Tree. 49 D. LEUCOME'LAS (Poir. 1. c.) leaves ovate-elliptic, sub- cordate ; calyx 6-toothed, girding the berry one half of its length, which is 2-celled. T; . S. Native of the Isle of France. White and Black-wooded Date Plum. Tree. 50 D. XODOSA (Poir. 1. c ) leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; flowers quinquefid ; fruit globose, solitary. Tj . S. Native of the Isle of France. Knotted Date Plum. Tree. 51 D. CHRYSOPHY'LLOS (Poir. 1. c. p. 433.) leaves oblong, shining and rufescent beneath ; flowers solitary, quinquefid ; calyx hairy; fruit pear-formed. H . S. Native of the Isle of France. Golden-leaded Date Plum. Tree. 52 D. AXGULA'TA (Poir, 1. c. p. 436.) leaves ovate, obtuse, coriaceous ; flowers quinquefid ; fruit angular. Jj . S. Native of the Isle of France. Angultir-fruited Date Plum. Tree. 53 D. EDL'LIS (Lodd. cat. p. 9. 1830.) nothing is known of this plant but the name. VOL. IY. Edible-fruited Date Plum. Tree. Cult. The hardy species of Diospyros grow to large shrubs in this country, therefore they should be planted in the back of shrubberies ; they are easily increased both by layers and seeds. The greenhouse and stove species require the same treatment as other stove and greenhouse shrubs ; a mixture of loam, sand, and peat, is the best soil for them ; and they are readily increased by ripened cuttings, in sand under a hand-glass ; those of the stove species should be placed in a moist heat. II. EMBRYO'PTERIS (tfiftpvov, embryon, an embryo, and rrtpv£, pteryx, a wing ; in reference to the embryo being winged.) Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 145. t. 29. Roxb. cor. 1. p. 49. t. 70. — Cavanfllea, Lam. — Diospy'ros species of authors. LIN. SYST. Polygamia, Dioecia. This genus differs alone from Diospyros, in the stamens of the male flowers being 4 or 6 times the number of the segments of the corolla. — Trees with entire leaves ; male peduncles 3-4-flowered, and the female ones 1 -flowered. 1 E. GELATINIFERA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 49. t. 70. Willd. spec. 4. p. 836.) leaves lanceolate; stamens 16-20 in the male flowers, and 1-4 in the female flowers; flowers quadrifid; styles 4 ; berry 8-seeded. f; . S. Native of the East Indies. Embry. peregrina, Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 145. t. 29. Cavanfllea Philippensis, Lam. diet. 3. p. 636. See Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 418. Diospyros Embry6pteris, Pers. ench. 2. p. 624. Ker. bot. reg. t. 499. D. glutinosa, Keen. A middle-sized tree, with long leaves. Flowers whitish. Stigma cruciate, sessile. The fruit is eaten by the natives when ripe, but cannot be said to be palatable, on account of its strong astringency. Sir W. Jones says the tree is generally known in Bengal by the name of Gaub ; and that the Sanscrit name is Tindooka ; and that the astringent, viscid juice of the fruit is used all over that country for paying the bottoms of boats. The unripe fruit contains a very large proportion of tannin. The infusion is employed to steep fishing nets in, to make them more durable, and probably adds to their strength. The wood is but of indifferent quality, and not much used. Give-bearing Embryopteris. Fl.Jul. Clt. 1818. Tr. 25 ft. 2 E. DISCOLOR ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, rounded at the base, of a silky glaucous colour beneath, and downy ; flowers quadrifid ; stamens 24. fj . S. Native of the Philip- pine Islands. Diospyros discolor, Willd. spec. 4. p. 1108. Stigma sessile. Perhaps only a variety of the preceding. Branches and corolla villous. Leaves almost a foot long. Berry 4-6-seeded. Tn;j^c-leaved Maba. Shrub. 1 M. LACRINA (R. Br. prod. p. 517.) leaves oval-oblong, veiny, bluntish at the base, shining, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous ; male and female flowers solitary ; alternate filaments double. J; . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Laurel-like Maba. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub. 3 M. OBOVA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves obovate, rather retuse, opaque and glabrous in the adult state : but the young ones, petioles, and branches are downy ; calyxes downy ; alternate filaments double ; berries sessile, solitary, oval. 1? . S. Na- tive of New Holland, within the tropic. Obovate-leaved Maba. Shrub. 4 M. BUXIFOLIA (Juss. ann. mus. 5. p. 418. Pers. ench. 2. p. 606.) leaves obovate, glabrous in the adult state ; calyxes downy ; flowers solitary or aggregate, hexandrous ; filaments all simple, fy . S. Native of the East Indies, on the mountains. Ferreola buxifolia,Roxb. cor. 1. p. 35. t. 45. Flowers yellowish. Box-leaved Maba. Clt. 1810. Shrub. 5 M. HU'MILIS (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves oval-obovate, rather re- tuse, attenuated at the base, glabrous, as well as the branchlets, even in the young state ; berries solitary, oval, about equal to half the length of the leaves, and are, as well as the calyxes, glabrous. Tj . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Humble Maba. Shrub. 6 M. GEMIN.VTA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves oval or obovate, mar- ginate, rather veiny, somewhat attenuated at the base, quite glabrous, even in the young state, as well as the branchlets ; berries oval, twin, 4-5 times shorter than the leaves, and are, as well as the calyxes, clothed with fine down. ^ • S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Twin-berried Maba. Shrub. 7 M. UTTOREA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves oval-oblong, rather re- tuse, attenuated at the base, shining ; branchlets glabrous ; berries solitary, oval-oblong, 4 times longer than the calyx, which is obsoletely lobed, and 4 to 5 times shorter than the leaves. J? . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic, on the shore. Shore Maba. Shrub. 8 M. RETICCLA'TA (R. Br. 1. c. p. 528.) leaves obovate or oval, retuse, reticulately veined, with sub-recurved edges, gla- brous in the adult state, as well as the branchlets ; alternate filaments double ; berry depressedly globose. ^ . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Reticulated-leaved Maba. Shrub. 9 M. COMPA'CTA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves obovate and oval, rather retuse, compact, reticulated, flat, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous ; berries depressedly globose ; calyx of the fruit ob- soletely lobed, reflexed, silky inside. ^ . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Compact Maba. Shrub. 10 M. ? EBENOXYLON ; leaves small, lanceolate, hard, flat, glabrous as well as the branches ; peduncles terminal, many- flowered ; berry ovate, acutish ; calyx wanting, and nectarium stellate (ex Lour.). ^ . S. Native of Cochinchina, in vast woods. Ebenoxylon, Lour. coch. p. 613. Caju-arang. Rumph. amb. 3. p. 1. t. 1. Wood hard, heavy, with a black heart, and is the ebony of Cochin-china. Berry reddish yellow (ex Lour.), small, 1 -celled, 3-seeded. Flowers triandrous. Ebony-mood Maba. Tree large. Cult. See Royena, p. 42. for culture and propagation. ORDER CXLVII. OLFIN-S! (so called on account of its containing plants agreeing with O'fea in important characters.) Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. p. 1806. R. Br. prod. p. 522. Jas- mineae, part. Juss. gen. p. 104. Lilaceae, Vent. tabl. 1. p. 306. Flowers hermaphrodite, sometimes dioecious. Calyx 1- leaved, divided, permanent. Corolla hypogynous, monopetalous, G 2 OLEIN^E. I. LIGUSTRUM. 4-cleft (f. 8. b., f. 9. a.); sometimes 4-petalled : petals connected by pairs to the middle of the filaments, rather valvate in aestiva- tion ; sometimes wanting. Stamens 2, alternating with the seg- ments or petals of the corolla. Anthers 2-celled ; cells dehiscing lengthwise. Ovarium simple, girded by no glandular disk, 2- celled ; cells 2-seeded. Ovula pendulous, collateral. Style simple, or wanting; stigma bifid, or undivided. Fruit drupa- ceous, baccate, or capsular, often 1 -seeded by abortion. Seeds with dense copious albumen. Embryo middle-sized, longitudinal, straight. Cotyledons foliaceous, half free ; radicle superior ; plumule inconspicuous. — Trees and shrubs. Leaves opposite, simple, rarely pinnate. Flowers racemose or panicled, terminal or axillary, with opposite unibracteate pedicels. The bark of the ash is so bitter, as to be highly celebrated as a febrifuge, and is even compared with quinquina for effect. The sweet purgative called manna is a discharge from the bark of several species of O'rnus and Fraxinus. The sweetness of this substance is not due to the presence of sugar, but to a distinct principle called mannite. Olive oil is expressed from the pericarp of O~lea Ewropaea, Synopsis of the genera. TRIBE I. OLIE\E. Corolla short, monopetalous, campanulate or urceolate, 4-cleft. Stamens 2, nith short filaments, and erect anthers. Fruit drupaceous. 1 LIGU'STRUM. Corolla funnel-shaped, having the tube exceed- ing the calyx. Stamens inclosed. Style very short ; stigma bifid. Berry globose, containing 2 chartaceous nuts. 2 PHYLLY'REA. Corolla short, campanulate. Stamens a little exserted. Stigma thickish. Berry globose, having one of the cells usually abortive. 3 O'LEA. Calyx tubular, 4-toothed. Segments of corolla ovate. Stamens a little exserted. Style very short ; stigma bifid, with emarginate segments. Drupe 2-celled, one of the cells abortive ; nut oblong. 4 NORONHIA. Corolla globular, thick, deeply 4-parted. An- thers lying in the substance of the corolla. Style wanting. Drupe containing a two-celled putamen ; one of the cells abor- tive. Albumen none?. 5 PACHYDE'RMA. Corolla globose, coriaceous, with a semi- 4-cleft border. Stamens inserted above the base of the corolla- Ovarium 2-celled. Stigma almost sessile, obtuse. Berry only 1 -seeded. Albumen fleshy. 6 MYXOPY'RUM. Corolla globose, coriaceous, plicate inside, with a 4-cleft border. Stamens inserted in the middle of the tube, with very short filaments. Ovarium 2-celled. Drupe 1-2- celled, containing 1-4 angular 1 -seeded nuts. 7 CHIONA'NTHUS. Calyx 4-parted. Segments of corolla elon- gated, linear. Stamens inclosed. Style short ; stigma trifid. Drupe containing a striated, 1-seeded nut. 8 CHONDROSPE'RMUM. Calyx 4-toothed. Segments of co- rolla linear, clavate, vertical ; throat closed by the anthers. Style short ; stigma trifid. Fruit 2-celled, 1 seeded. TRIBE II. SYRINGE*. Corolla funnel-shaped, or campanulate, 4-5- parted. Stamens 2, short. Fruit capsular, 2-celled. 9 SYRINGA. Calyx tubular, short, 4-toothed. Corolla funnel- shaped, with an elongated tube, and a 4-parted limb. Stamens inclosed. Style filiform ; stigma thickish, bifid. Capsule ob- long, 2-celled, 2-valved ; valves contrary to the dissepiment. Seeds solitary, compressed ; with membranous margins. 10 FORSY'THIA. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla sub-campanulate, 4-cleft. Stamens equal in length to the calyx, as well as the style ; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit capsular. 11. FONTANE'SIA. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla of 2 petals. Stamens elongated, and stigma bifid. Capsule papery, indehis- cent; cells 1-seeded. TRIBE III. NOTEL*'!^:. Calyx 4-parted, or 4-cleft. Corolla of 4 petals. Stamens 2. Fruit drupaceous. 12 NOTELJEVA. Calyx 4-cleft. Petals ovate, connected by pairs to the filaments at the base. Drupe containing a single chartaceous 1-seeded putamen. 13 LINOCIE'RA. Calyx 4-toothed. Petals linear, connected by pairs to the filaments at the base. Drupe 2-celled. TRIBE IV. FRAXINIE'^E. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4-parted, or rvanting. Corolla of 4 petals, 4-parted, or wanting. Stamens 2, short; anthers dehiscing externally. Stigma nearly sessile, bijid. Fruit ^-celled, compressed, winged at the top, usually 1- seeded. 14 FBA'XINUS. Flowers polygamous. Petals wanting. Sa- mara 1 -celled. * 15 O'RNUS. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Samara 2-celled. Tribe I. OLIE\flL Calyx 4-toothed or 4-cleft. Corolla short, mono- petalous, campanulate, urceolate, or funnel-shaped. Stamens 2, with short filaments and erect anthers. Fruit drupaceous. I. LIGU'STRUM (said to be from ligo, to tie, in reference to its flexible branches.) Tourn. inst. t. 367. Lin. gen. no. 9. Schreb. gen. no. 23. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 72. t. 92. Juss. gen. p. 106. Lam. ill. 1. t. 7. LIN. SYST. Diandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx short, tubular, 4-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, with the tube exceeding the calyx, and the limb 4-parted. Stamens^, with short filaments, inserted into the tube of the corolla. Style very short ; stigma obtuse, bifid. Berry globose, containing 2 chartaceous 1-seeded nuts. Albumen hardish. Embryo inverted. — Shrubs with op- posite leaves ; and terminal, compound, thyrsoid racemes of white flowers. 1 L. VULGA'RE (Trag. hist. 1005. Lin. spec. 1. p. 10.) leaves elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous ; racemes compound, coarctate. T? . H. Native of Europe, in hedges and woods ; common in many parts of Britain. Smith, engl. bot. 764. Curt. lond. t. 300. CEd. fl. dan. 1141. Smidth, aest. baumz. 3. t. 147. I. LIGUSTRUM. II. PHILLYREA. 45 Lam. ill. 1. t. 7. Bull. herb. t. 295. Mill. fig. 162. L. Ger- manicum, Bauh. hist. 475. The flowers are sweet scented, white at first, but soon changing to a reddish brown. Berries dark purple, almost black. The common privet, in old English authors, is also called Prim, Print, Primprint, from its regular appearance when clipped. In German, Dutch, Danish, and Swedish, it is called Liguster ; in French, Troene ; in Italian, Ligustro ; in Spanish, Alhena ; in Portuguese, Alfena. In point of utility and ornament, few shrubs exceed the privet. Its chief use is to form such hedges as are required in divided gardens, for shelter or ornament ; and for this purpose the Italian or Evergreen Privet is usually preferred. It bears clipping well, and is not liable to be disfigured by insects ; and having only fibrous roots, it robs the ground less than almost any other shrub. It is one of the few plants that will thrive in the smoke of London ; it also grows well under the drip of trees. The wood is hard, and fit for timber. From the pulp of the berries a rose-coloured pigment may be prepared. With the addition of alum they dye wool and silk of a good durable green ; for this purpose they must be gathered as soon as they are ripe ; they continue on the shrub till spring, and in times of scarcity are eaten by different sorts of birds, particularly the bulfinch. The following varieties are in the gardens. Var. a, leucocarpum. The white-berried Privet. Var. y, xanthocdrpum. The yellow-berried Privet. Var. £, sempervirens. L, Italicum, Mill. The Italian or Evergreen Privet. Var. f, variegatum. The variegated leaved Privet. The leaves are edged with white or yellow. Var. (, anguslifdlium. The narrow-leaved Privet. Common Privet. Fl. June, July. Britain. Shrub 6-10 feet. 2 L. SINB'NSE (Lour. coch. 19.) leaves lanceolate, tomentose ; racemes coarctate. Jj . H. Native of China, near Canton. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 35. Branches diffuse. Flowers white. Calyx cup- shaped. Berries very small, brown. Chinese Privet. Shrub 6-8 feet. 3 L. JAPONICUM (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 17. t. 1.) leaves oblong- ovate, somewhat acuminated, glabrous ; racemes compound ; peduncles and pedicels spreading, fj . H. Native of Japan. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 35. L. latifblium, Vitm. summ. 1. p. 21. Lin. syst. 56. Branches wrinkled, glabrous. Calyx tubular, truncate. Flowers white. Leaves grooved along the middle above, with a corresponding raised line beneath. Japan Privet. Shrub 6-8 feet. 4 L. SPICA'TUM (Hamilt. mss. ex D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 107.) leaves elliptic, acute, hairy beneath, as well as the branchlets ; flowers crowded, almost sessile, spicate, disposed in a thyrse, having the axis very hairy ; bracteas minute. J; . H. Native of Nipaul, on the mountains. Hook. bot. mag. 2921. L. Nepalense, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 151. pi. rar. asiat. 3. p. 17. t. 231. L. lanceolatum, herb. Lamb. Flowers white. L. vesiitum, Wall, appears to be nothing but a variety of this species ; the thyrse is more crowded, more densely hairy, as well as the young leaves, branchlets, &c. tyicate-flowered Privet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6-8 feet. 5 L. PUBE'SCEXS (Wall. cat. no. 1742. pi. rar. asiat. 3. p. 44.) leaves lanceolate, acutish, rather glabrous ; branches without dots, downy at tops ; berries oblong, pruinose, panicled. Tj . H. Native of the Burmese Empire, on Mount Taong Dong. Downy Privet. Shrub. 6 L. BRACTEOLA'TUM (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 107.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous as well as the branches ; flowers disposed in bracteate panicles ; peduncles very hairy ; bracteoles linear lanceolate, fj . H. Native of Nipaul. L. Japonicum, Hamilt. mss. Phillyrea bracteolata, Herb. Lamb. The L. Japonicum, Thunb. differs from this, in the leaves being ovate and bluntish, in the flowers being pedicellate, and in the peduncles and pedicels being glabrous. Bracleolate-fiowered Privet. Shrub. 7 L. LU'CIDUM (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 19.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, shining above ; panicles thyrsoid, spreading much, f? . H. Native of China. Sims, bot. mag. 2565. Leaves broad. Flowers white. This tree affords a kind of waxy matter. Shining Privet, or Wax Tree. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1794. Tree 10 to 20 feet. Cult. All species of Privet are of easy culture, and will grow in any kind of soil. Cuttings root without difficulty. L. lucidum requires some protection in severe weather. II. PHILLY'REA (from fvXXov, phyllon, a leaf; shrubs leafy.) Dioscor. Tourn. inst. 367. Lin. gen. no. 19. Vaill. acad. sc. p. 197. t. 13. f. 35-37. Juss. gen. 106. Gaertn. fr. 2. p. 11. t. 92. Vent. tabl. 2. p. 313. Lam. ill. 1. t. 8. LIN. SYST. Didndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx small, tubular, 4-toothed, permanent. Corolla short, campanulate, rotate, 4-cleft, deciduous. Stamens a little exserted ; with short filaments. Style simple ; stigma thickish. Drupe globose, containing a 2- celled nut ; one of the cells usually abortive. Seed solitary in each cell. Albumen rather farinaceous or fleshy. — Evergreen shrubs and trees. Leaves opposite. Racemes axillary. Flowers greenish-white. Drupes black, globose. 1 P. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 1. p. 10. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 36.) leaves linear-lanceolate, quite entire, fj . H. Native of Italy and Spain. Lam. ill. t. 8. f. 3. P. obliqua, Tenore, syll. p. 9. P. media, Tenore. fl. nap. 3. p. 6. Branches beset with elevated dots. Leaves obsoletely veined. Var. a, lanceolata (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 11.) leaves lanceolate; branches erect. T? . H. P. no. iv. Clus. hist. 1. p. 52. Var. /3. rosmarinifblia (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 11.) leaves lan- ceolate-subulate, elongated ; branches straight, f? . H. P. no. v. Clus. hist. 1. p. 52. Rosemary-leaved Phillyrea. Var. y, brachiata (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 11.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, shorter than in the other varieties ; branches divari- cate, fj . H. Dwarf Phillyrea. Narrow-leaved Phillyrea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1597. Shrub 8-10 feet. 2 P. ME'DIA (Lin. spec. p. 10.) leaves lanceolate, quite entire, or a little serrated in the middle, triple-nerved, veiny. ^ . H. Native of the south of Europe. Kerner, t. 774. P. latifdlia, var. «, media, Lapeyr. pi. pyr. p. 4. P. ligustrifolia, Mill. diet, no. 4. P. lsevvis, Tenore, syll. p. 9. P. latif olia, var. a, ligustri- folia, Poll. pi. ver. 1. p. 7. Var /3, virgata (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 11.) leaves lanceolate, brandies erect. Ij . H. Var. y, buxifolia (Ait. hort. kew. 1 . p. 11.) leaves oval-oblong, bluntish. ^ . H. Intermediate or Lance-leaved Phillyrea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1597. Shrub 10-15 feet. 3 P. LIGUSTRIFOLIA (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 11.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, sub - serrated in the middle, obsoletely -veined ; branches erect, f? . H. Native of the south of Europe, as of Spain and the south of France. P. virgata, Willd. enum. 1. p. 12. P. media var. a, Willd. spec. 1. p. 42. Phillyrea, iii. Clus. hist. p. 52. — Lob. icon. 2. p. 131. Very like P.pendula, Ait. Privet-leaved Phillyrea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1596. Shrub 10-15 feet. 4 P. PE'NDULA (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 11.) leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, acute, obsoletely serrated at the apex, veiny ; branches 46 OLEIN.&. II. PHILLYREA. III. OLEA. drooping. J? . H. Native of the south of Europe. P. media, y, Willd. spec. 1. p. 43. Drooping Phillyrea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1597. Shrub 10-15 feet. 5 P. OLEJEFOLIA (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 11.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, almost quite entire, obtuse, narrowed at the base, veiny. Tj . H. Native of the south of Europe. P. media, d, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 11. P. racemosa, Link, jahrb. 1. p. 160. — Plukn. t. 310. f. 5. Branches erectish. Olive-leaved Phillyrea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1597. Shrub 10-15 feet. 6 P. L.E'VIS (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 12.) leaves elliptic-oblong, almost entire, veiny, bluntish. Jj . H. Native of the south of Europe, and north of Africa. P. latifolia, var. a, Willd. spec. 1. p. 43.— Lob. icon. 132. f. 2.— Duh. arb. t. 125. P. latifolia, Mill. diet. no. 1. Leaves an inch or more long, a little narrowed at the base, blunt, with a small mucrone at the apex. Smooth Phillyrea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1597. Shrub 10 to 20 feet. 7 P. LATIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 10.) leaves ovate, rounded at the base, serrated, veiny. I? . H. Native of the south of Europe. Smith, fl. graec. t. 2. P. latifolia, ft. serrata, Poll. fl. ver. 1. p. 7. P. latifolia, ft, Ten. fl. nap. 3. p. 6. P. spinosa, Ten. syll. p. 9. no. 2. P. latifolia, ft, spinosa, Seg. ver. 2. p. 273. Young leaves subcordate at the base. Broad-leaved Phillyrea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1597. Tree 28 to 30 feet. 8 P. OBLIQUA (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 12.) leaves lanceolate- oblong, serrated, acute at both ends, veiny, bent obliquely. Tj . H. Native of the south of Europe. P. latifolia, y, Willd. spec. 1. p. 43. P. coriacea, Link, jahrb. 1. p. 155. Phillyrea, ii. Clus. hist. 1. c. Leaves like those of Myrica. Oblique-leaved Phillyrea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1597. Shrub 10 to 20 feet. 9 P. SPINOSA (Mill. diet. no. 3. Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 12.) leaves ovate-oblong, rounded at the base, acute, sharply and cuspidately serrated, glabrous, flat, veiny. Tj . H. Native of the south of Europe. P. ilicifolia, Willd. enum. 1. p. 13. P. latifolia, ft, spinosa, Willd. spec. 1. p. 43. P. latifolia, longi- folia, Link, jahrb. 1. p. 54. Phillyrea, i. Clus. hist. 51. — Pluk. phyt. t. 310. f. 4. Spiny or Holly-leaved Phillyrea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1597. Shrub 10 to 20 feet. 10 P. sTBiciA (Bertol. fl. ital. p. 43.) leaves all flat, elliptic; superior ones bluntly serrated ; extreme branches twiggy ; racemes dense-flowered, drooping ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; drupe obtuse, umbilicate. ^ . H. Native of Bononia. P. latifolia, Maur. cat. 1 3. p. 36. P. latifolia, Ten. fl. nap. 3. p. 6. syll. p. 9. no. 1. Straight Phillyrea. Shrub. Cult. The species of this genus were cultivated very early in our gardens ; these were formerly either planted against walls, to which they were trained, to cover them ; or, if they were placed as standards, their branches were clipped into various forms, like other evergreen trees of that day ; but they are now used to form clumps in parks, to plant round the borders of woods, or to stand singly on lawns, where they have a very fine effect in winter, when other trees are destitute of leaves. They are generally increased by layering down branches in autumn. III. O'LEA (tXata, elaia, the olive, which is itself, from \etos, lews, smooth. Olea is commonly used for the tree ; Oliva for the fruit ; and Oleum for the oil of the fruit ; but this is not constant.) Tourn. in=t. t. 370. Lin. gen. no. 20. Vaill. mem. par. 1722. Juss. gen. 105. Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 93. Lam. ill. 1. t. 8. Vent. tabl. 2. p. 312. and 4. p. 101. t. 9. f. 1. LIN. SYST. Didndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx small, tubular, 4-toothed, permanent. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a short tube, and 4 ovate segments, deciduous. Stamens 2, a little ex- serted. Style short ; stigma bifid, with emarginate or entire segments. Drupe containing a 1-2-celled, 1-2-seeded, oblong nut ; one of the cells often abortive. Albumen fleshy. — Ever- green trees, with opposite leaves ; and axillary and terminal panicles of small white flowers. 1 O. OLEA'STER (Hoffmansegg, fl. port. 1. p. 387.) leaves ob- long, mucronate, quite entire, hoary beneath while young ; branches spinescent. Ij . F. Native of Portugal, in the vicinity of Lisbon, and other parts of that kingdom ; south of France, Spain, and Italy. O. Europae'a, var. a, Lin. spec. 1. p. 11. Vahl. enum. 1. p. 44. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 1. t. 3. Stev. and Church, med. bot. 1. t. 15. O. Europae'a communis, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 13. Lin. hort. cliff. 4. O. sylvestris, Mill. diet. no. 3. — Blackvv. icon. t. 213. Branches rather quadrangular, hoary. Leaves green above, and with a few scattered scales beneath. The leaves are shorter and stiffer than the cultivated olive ; and the fruit small, and of no value. Wild Olive. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1821. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 2 O. SAT!VA (Hoffmansegg. fl. port. 1. p. 388.) leaves lanceo- late, mucronate, quite entire, hoary beneath ; branches angular, but not spinescent. lj . H. Native of the south of Europe. O. Europae'a, Lin. spec. 1. p. 11. Vahl. enum. 1. p. 39. Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 10. All. pedem. 1. p. 121. no. 449. Wulf. in Rcem. arch. 3. p. 311. Woodv. med. bot. p. 369. t. 136. Plenck, icon. t. 11. O. Europae'a longifolia, Lodcl. bot. cab. 456. O. lancifolia, Moanch. O. polymorpha, Risso. Leaves long-lan- ceolate, green above ; and hoary from small scales beneath. The cultivated olive is said to have come originally from Asia, and grows abundantly about Aleppo and Lebanon. It is natu- ralized in different parts of the south of France, Spain, and Italy ; and is found in hedges and woods. The var. longifolia is that chiefly cultivated in the south of France and Italy ; var. latifolia is chiefly cultivated in Spain ; its fruit is near twice the size of the common Olive of Provence or Italy, but the oil is so rank of flavour as to be too strong for most English palates. The oil, and fruit in a pickled state, are chiefly from Languedoc. Leghorn, and Naples, to England ; the best oil is from Leghorn, and the best pickles from Genoa and Marseilles. The tree is branchy, and of so great longevity, that some plantations in Italy, as at Terne, are supposed to have existed from the time of Pliny. It delights in schistous, calcareous steeps, and does not thrive in elevated situations, or at a distance from the sea. The best oil is produced from fruit grown in calcareous soils. Olive oil may be said to form the cream and butter of Spain and Italy ; and the tree has been celebrated in all ages, as the bounteous gift of heaven, and as the emblem of peace and plenty. In Gibbon's Decline and Fall, chap. i. he quotes Pliny for the following fact. The Olive, in the Western World, followed the progress of peace, of which it was considered as the symbol. Two centuries after the formation of Rome, both Italy and Africa were strangers to that useful plant ; it was naturalized in those countries, and at length carried into the heart of Spain and Gaul. Its usefulness, the little culture it requires, and the otherwise barren situations which it renders productive, quickly spread it over the western face of the Appenines. The suckers are removed from the parent tree at all seasons, but is best done in spring and autumn, when the grounds are ploughed, and sometimes if the trees are thinly scattered, sown with corn and lupines, otherwise the earth is merely loosened round the roots, and, in some cases, manure is then laid round them. The young Olive plant bears at 2 years OLEIN.E. III. OLEA. old ; in 6 years it begins to repay the expense of cultivation, even if the ground is not otherwise cropped ; after that period, in good years, the produce is the surest source of wealth to the farmer, as the tree rivals the oak in longevity ; so that the common proverb here is, that if you want to leave a lasting inheritance to your children, plant an Olive. There is an old Olive tree near Gerecomio, which last year yielded 240 English quarts of oil ; yet its trunk is quite hollow, and its empty shell seems to have barely enough hold in the ground to secure it against mountain storms. Maria Graham's Three Months near Rome, p. 4-9. The culture of the Olive abroad may be said to resemble that of grass orchards in Britain. It is pro- pagated by suckers, large cuttings, or truncheons, planted in trenches, four feet deep, into which it is still the custom to deposit stones for encouraging moisture about the roots, as described by Virgil (Georg. ii. 346.) It is also propagated by chips of the root, in the following manner. An old tree is cut down, and the stock is cut into pieces of nearly the size and shape of a mushroom, and which, from that circumstance, are called novoli. Care is taken that each novolo shall have a small portion of bark. After being dipped in manure, the novoli are planted thick in a bed, and covered with earth to the depth of three inches; they soon throw up shoots, and are trans- planted at the end of one year, and in three more are fit to be finally removed to the Olive plantation. With protection against frost, it may be maintained against a wall in the latitude of London. In Devonshire some trees have stood many winters as standards, though without ripening their fruit. Olive oil is drawn from the Olives in Provence and Italy, by presses or mills. The fruit is gathered, when at the utmost maturity, in November, when it begins to redden. They are put under the mill as soon as gathered ; and care is taken that the mill-stones are set at such a distance, that they do not crush the nut of the olives. The pulp covering the stone, and con- taining the oil in its cells, being thus prepared, is put into bags made of rushes, and moderately pressed ; and thus is obtained, in considerable quantity, a greenish, semi-transparent oil, which, from its superior excellence, is called Virgin oil. The marc remaining after the first pressure is broken to pieces, is mois- tened with water, and returned to the press, upon which there flows out a mixture of oil and water, which spontaneously sepa- rates from the rest. This oil, though inferior to the former, is of good quality, and fit for the table. The marc is again broken to pieces, soaked in water, and fermented in large cis- terns, and is again submitted to the press, by which is obtained a third oil, that is valuable to the soap-boiler and other manufac- turers. The Spanish Olives, instead of being gathered, are beaten down, so that the ripe and unripe ones are mixed ; and to these are added such as have fallen of themselves, and are, therefore, more or less decayed. All these are thrown together in a heap, and soon ferment. The olives in this state are ground and pressed, and thus is produced, with little trouble, a large quantity of oil, of a rank and disagreeable flavour. It is possible that the Spaniards derive the process from the Moors. We find the same method described in Jackson's History of Morocco. The best oil comes from Provence ; but that which we have in this country is generally from Lucca and Florence. When recently drawn, virgin oil has a bland, almost mucilaginous taste, with a slight, but agreeable flavour ; it freezes at about 36 or 38" Fahr., and this disposition to freeze, renders it im- proper for lamps. The oil is sometimes adulterated with the oil of poppy-seed, and soon becomes rancid. Pickled Olives are prepared from unripe fruit, by repeatedly steeping them in water, to which quicklime, or any alkaline substance, is sometimes added, to shorten the operation. After- wards they are soaked in pure water, and then taken out and bottled in salt and water, with or without an aromatic. They are eaten abroad as a whet before, and during the principal meals, and in this country chiefly as a dessert. They are sup- posed to excite appetite, and promote digestion. The finest kind of the prepared fruit is called by the merchants Picholini, after one Picholino, an Italian, who first discovered the art of pickling Olives. Medical properties and uses. — The medicinal properties of olive oil are those of a demulcent, emollient, and laxative. In catarrh, and other pulmonary affections, it has been used as a demulcent, in the form of an emulsion ; but the oil of almonds is more generally employed. It is occasionally recommended to be internally administered for worms, and to lubricate and sheath the mucous membrane of the stomach from the action of acid poisons. Olive oil enters into the composition of plasters, liniments, cerates, ointments, and enemas. It is applied externally to prevent the contagious influence of the plague. Far. ft, longifblia (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 13.) leaves linear- lanceolate, flat, silvery beneath. Jj . F. Native of the south of Europe. Lodd. hot. cab. t. 456. O. Gallica, Mill. diet, no. 1 . The inhabitants of the south of France chiefly cultivate this variety, from which they make the best oil. The young fruit is also most esteemed when pickled. Of this there are several sub-varieties. The long-leaved European Olive. Var. y, ferruginea (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 13.) leaves lanceo- late, acute at both ends, shining and rusty beneath ; panicles lateral. 1? . F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope and the Mauritius. Perhaps a distinct species. Var. c, latifoUa (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 13.) leaves oblong, flat, hoary beneath. Tj . F. Native of the south of Europe. O. Hispanica, Mill. diet. no. 2. O. saliva, Bauh. pin. 472. — Blackw. t. 199. O'lea, Dodon. pempt. 821. This variety is chiefly cultivated in Spain. The fruit is almost twice the size of the Provence olive, or Var. ft, longifblia, but of a strong rank flavour ; and the oil is too strong for most English palates. Var. e, obltqua (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 13.) leaves oblong, bent obliquely, pale beneath. lj . F. Native of the south of Europe. Var. £, buxifblia (Ait. 1. c.) leaves oblong-ovate ; branches spreading, divaricate. lj . F. Native of the south of Europe. Var. if, Cajctana (Pentagn. istit. 2. p. 19.) leaves ovate- lanceolate ; flowers racemose. ^ . F. Native of the south of Europe. * The following are the varieties of olice cultivated in Spain, and described in Herrera agricult. gen. 1818. p. 351. by Don Roxas Clemente y Rttbio. Var. 1. oca ta (Clem. 1. c.) leaves small; fruit small, obovate. Var. 2. ocalis (Clem. 1. c.) leaves small ; fruit oval, small, very black. Ol. Eur. ovata, Gouan. Var. 3. tenax (Clem. 1. c.) leaves narrow, hardly silvery on the back ; fruit tough. Var. 4. argentea (Clem. 1. c.) leaves middle-sized, silvery beneath, but green and shining above ; fruit globose, middle- sized, very black. O. Europ. prae'cox. Gouan. Var. 5. Arolensis (Clem. 1. c.) leaves obtuse, narrow, less intensely green and shining above, and narrower than in no. 8. Fruit rounder, black, mottled with white and violaceous marks. Var. 6. ponuformis (Clem. 1. c.) fruit globose, larger than any other variety, very black. Leaves broader and smoother than in no. 9. O. Europ. sphae'rica, Gouan. Var. 7. regalis (Clem. 1. c.) branches less vertical than in no. 9. ; leaves larger, having the nerves more prominent. Fruit form of a filbert, black, more globose than in no. 9. Ol. Europ. Hispanica, Roz. . III. OLEA. Var. 8. Hispalensis (Clem. 1. c.) wood less hard and more white than in no. 1., and the leaves are more lucid beneath, and broader, and the branches are longer and more erect. Fruit of a dark violet colour, cherry shaped. O. Europae'a regia, Roz. Var. 9. maxima (Clem. 1. c.) trunk and branches as in no. 7. Leaves larger than any of the other varieties, not very green, but with manifest veins. Fruit large, acuminated. O. Europ. amygdallna, Gouan. Var. 10, ceratocarpa (Clem. I.e.) fruit more or less arched, sometimes semicircular, an inch and more long, but never thick. O. Europ. odorata, Gouan. Var. 11, rostrata (Clem. 1. c.) branches and leaves as in no. 9. Fruit not much acuminated, nor very black ; long and middling thick. Var. 12, empeltre (Arias) trunk dwarf, with smooth bark. Leaves pale green, rather broad. Var. 13, herbequin (Arias.) dwarf, with pendulous branches. Cultivated Olive. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1570. Tr. 20 to 30 ft. 2 O. LA'NCEA (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 40. Lam. ill. 1. p. 29.) leaves narrow-lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, of the same colour on both surfaces ; racemes panicled, terminal. Fj . S. Native of the Isle of France. Branches dotted. Drupe ob- long, acute. Blum., in his bijdr. p. 682., says the leaves have depressed glands in the axils of the veins beneath. O. exas- perata, Willd. enum. suppl. hardly differs from this, unless in the leaves being less acute and a little larger. Zance-leaved Olive. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1819. Tr. 20 ft. 3 O. AMERICA'NA (Lin. syst. 57. mant. 24. Vahl. enum. 1. p. 41.) leaves elliptic-lanceolate; thyrse rather compound, axil- lary, narrow ; bracteas ovate, permanent, connate. Fj . H. Native of Carolina, Florida, &c. Michx. hist. arb. amer. 3. t. 6. — Catesb. car. 1. t. 61. Branches rather tetragonal. Leaves 4 inches long, rather coriaceous, shining. Flowers by threes, almost sessile. Fruit purple, globose, containing an edible nut. Corolline segments revolute. Perhaps a distinct genus. American Olive. Fl. June. Clt. 1758. Tree. 4 O. CAPE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 11. Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p. 39.) leaves oblong ; flowers disposed in racemose, terminal panicles. ^2 • G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker. bot. reg. 613. O. buxifolia, Mill. diet. Branches rather tetragonal, from decurrent lines. Leaves coriaceous, dense, and rigid, de- cussate, always paler beneath. Corollas white. Drupe rather wrinkled, size of a pea. Var. /3, coridcea (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 13.) leaves ovate- oblong, stiff, flat ; petioles red. Fj . G. — Dill. hort. elth. 193. t. 160. f. 194.— Burm. afr. p. 234. t. 81. f. 2. Var. •/, unduldta (Ait. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, waved ; petioles green. f? . G. O. undulata, Jacq. hort. schcenbr. 1. t. 2. Lodd. bot. cab. 379. O. laurif olia, Lam. ill. 1. p. 29. — Burm. .afr. 233. t. 81. f. 1. Cape Olive. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1730. Tree tall. 5 O. EXCE'LSA (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 14. ed. 2. 1. p. 22.) leaves elliptic, acute ; bracteas perfoliate : lower ones cup-shaped and permanent, superior ones large, foliaceous, and deciduous. Fj . F. Native of Madeira. Vahl, symb. 3. p. 3. enum. 1. p. 42. O. exasperata, Jacq. hort. schcenbr. 3. t. 252. Branches rough from small tubercles. Leaves 2-3 inches long and \^ broad, sometimes 3 in a whorl, paler beneath. Panicles tri- chotomous, many-flowered. Flowers rather large. Drupe oval, size of a pea, purplish brown. Tall Olive. Fl. May. Clt. 1784. Tree. 6 O. APE'TALA (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 3. but not of Andr. End- licher, prod. fl. ins. norf. p. 56.) racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves. fy . G. Native of Norfolk Island. Bauer, ill. pi. ins. norf. t. 172. Apetalous Olive. Shrub. 7 O. FRA'GRANS (Thunb. fl. FIG. 8. jap. p. 18. t. 2.) leaves elliptic- lanceolate, a little serrated ; pedicels 1 -flowered, axillary, and lateral, aggregate from scaly buds. Ij.G. Native of Japan, China, and Cochinchina. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 43. Sims. bot. mag. t. 1552. Osmanthus fra,- grans,Lour. coch.p 29. Moksei, Kaempf.amcen.5.p. 844. Quaifa, Osb. itin. engl. ed. 2. p. 14. Branches and branchlets tricho- tomous. Leaves 2 inches long, acuminated, shining above and pale beneath. This tree is cul- tivated much in China, Cochin- china, and Japan in the gardens, for the sake of its sweet- scented flowers, which are said to be put into teas to give them flavour. Flowers yellowish or almost white, (f. 8.) Fragrant Olive. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1771. Sh. 6 to 10 ft. 8 O. PANICULA'TA (R. Br. prod. p. 528.) leaves lanceolate- elliptic, acuminated, quite entire ; ultimate peduncles of the pa- nicle 3-flowered. T? . G. Native of New South Wales ; and of New Holland, within the tropic. Pamc/er/-flowered Olive. Fl. July. Clt. 1825. Tree 10 ft. 9 O. HEYNEA'NA (Wall. cat. no. 2823.) leaves broad, oblong, acuminated, attenuated at the base, repandly toothed ; peduncles lateral and axillary, solitary, trichotomous, each fork or branch bearing almost sessile flowers at the apex ; fruit oblong. Fj . G. Native of (he East Indies. Heyne's Olive. Shrub or tree. 10 O. COMPA'CTA (Wall. cat. no. 2819.) leaves elliptic, acu- minated, glabrous, quite entire ; panicle thyrsoid, terminal, gla- brous ; flowers crowded. Fj . G. Native of Kamaon and Sirmore. Tube of corolla hardly longer than the calyx. Perhaps a species of Ligiistrum. Compact Olive. Shrub or tree. 11O.? GRANDIFLORA (Wall. cat. no. 2820.) leaves ovate, acuminated, quite entire, glabrous ; branchlets warted ; panicles thyrsoid, terminal, downy ; corolla funnel-shaped. Fj . G. Na- tive of Nipaul. Phillyrea grandiflora, Wall. herb. Perhaps a species of Ligustmm. Great-homered Olive. Tree. 12 O. SALICIFOLIA (Wall. cat. no. 2821.) glabrous, leaves lan- ceolate, acuminated, quite entire, rather glaucous ; panicles axil- lary and terminal. F; . G. Native of Silhet, on the mountains. Var. ft ; leaves broader, obovate-lanceolate, acuminated, some- times furnished with 1 or 2 teeth on each side. *? . S. Native along with the species. 11 illow-leaved Olive. Shrub or tree. 13 O. LINDLE'I (Wall. cat. no. 6305.) glabrous; branches warted ; leaves lanceolate, attenuated at both ends ; panicles thyrsoid, terminal, downy. Ij . G. Native of Silhet. Calyx small, obsoletely toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a longish tube. Lindley's Olive. Shrub. 14 O. ATTENUA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 2839.) glabrous; leaves ovate-oblong, entire, acuminated, or obovate, coriaceous, pale beneath; panicles terminal, divaricate; corolla spreading, 4- petalled ; fruit oblong. Fj . G. Native of the Burman empire, on the banks of the river Martaban. Attenuated-]enved Olive. Shrub or tree. 15 O. CLAVA'TA ; leaves ovate-oblong, entire, smooth ; CLAVATA branches drooping ; panicles terminal. China. Phillyrea paniculata, Roxb. fl. ind. G. 1. p. Native 100. of O. OLEIN^E. III. OLEA. IV. NOROKHIA. V. PACHYDERMA. Roxburghiana, Spreng. 1. p. 34, but not of Roem. et Schultes. Leaves glaucous beneath. Drupe obliquely obovate, size of a French bean, containing a solitary nut and the rudiment of another. Stigma entire, clavate. Corolla funnel-shaped, small, white. Very li^e a species of Ligustrum. Ctora/e-stigmaed Olive. Tree 20 feet. 16 O. CVSPIDA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 2817.) glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, cuspidate at the apex, rusty beneath ; panicles terminal and axillary. Jj . G. Native of Kamaon. Cuspidate Olive. Shrub or tree. 17 O. MARITIMA (Wall. cat. no. 2813.) glabrous; leaves ovate, acuminated, coriaceous, sometimes repandly toothed ; panicles terminal, thyrsoid. >j . S. Native of Singapore and Malacca. Sea-side Olive. Shrub or tree. 18 O. ROBU STA (Wall. cat. no. 2822.) leaves ovate-oblong, entire, acuminated, glabrous ; panicles terminal, large and spreading, villous. T; . S. Native of Silbet, where it is called Bhooee-moora by the natives, whom it furnishes with very hard durable wood. Philly'rea robusta, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 101. Young roots dotted with whitish specks. Panicle villous. Stigma emarginate. Berries subcvlindrical. Robust Olive. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Tree large. 19 O. GLANDULIFERA (Wall. cat. no. 2811.) glabrous; leaves elliptic-oblong, long-acuminated, entire ; panicles terminal and axillary. Tr . G. Native of Nipaul and Kamaon, &c. Gland-bearing Olive. Shrub or tree. 20 O. ? PACCIFLORA (Wall. cat. no. 2812.) leaves broad- elliptic, rounded at both ends, or attenuated at the base, rather rusty beneath ; panicles axillary and terminal : having the outer divisions of the panicle 2-flowered. T? . S. Native of Penang. Leaves sometimes attenuated at both ends, and acuminated. Few-Jlonered Olive. Tree. 21 O. ACUMISA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 2809.) glabrous : leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, attenuated at both ends; fascicles of flowers axillary; pedicels 1-flowered, rising from scaly buds ; petals narrow. 1? . S. Native of Sirmore, Penang, Xipaul, Silhet, &c. Fruit oblong. Perhaps a species of Notelce"a. Acuminated-le&ved Olive. Tree 20 feet. H O. MICROCA'RPA (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 43.) leaves elliptic, acuminated, serrated ; racemes terminal. Ij . G. Native of Cochin-china. Philly'rea I'ndica, Lour. coch. p. 19. O. rigida, Hort. eels. A middle-sized, much-branched tree, with spread- ing, twisted branches. Leaves small, glabrous, reflexed. Drupe small, round, black. Small-fruited Olive. Shrub or tree. 23 O. ROXBURGHIA'NA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1. p. 77.) leaves oblong, quite entire, glabrous ; panicles axillary and extra axillary : bracteas deciduous ; lobes of stigma divaricate. Tj . G. Native of the Circar mountains. O. paniculata, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 10-i. but not of R. Br. Leaves waved. Segments of corolla oblong, concave : with sharp, incurved points. Leaves 5 inches long and 2 broad. Roxburgh's Olive. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1 820. Tree small. 24 O. DIOICA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 105.) leaves oblong, ser- rated ; panicles axillary ; flowers dioecious. T; . G. Native of Silhet and Chittagong ; in the former country it is called Alia-jam. Tetrapilus brachiatus, Lour. coch. p. 611.? Leaves tapering to both ends, smooth, 4-8 inches long, and 2-4 broad. Female flowers without a corolla. Drupe, in size and colour, much like a common sloe. This olive grows to a prettv large tree, the timber of which is reckoned excellent, and put to many uses by the natives. Dioecious Olive. Fl. Mar. Clt. 1818. Tree 30 to 40 feet. VOL. IV. 25 O. WIGHTIA'NA (Wall. cat. no. 2815.) leaves elliptic, atte- nuated at both ends, acuminated at the apex, distantly toothed from below the middle, glabrous; panicles terminal and axillary, divaricate, glabrous. >j . S. Native of the East Indies. 6. dioica, var. WTight. herb. Leaves broad, very like those of O. dioica. Wight's Olive. Tree or shrub. 26 O. VERRUCOSA (Link. enum. 1. p. 33.) branchlets warted; leaves lanceolate, white beneath ; fruit nearly globose. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. O. Europaeva, Thunb. prod. p. 2. fl. cap. 1. p. 37. O. saliva, var.a, verrucosa, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 1 . p. 69. O. Africana, Mill. diet. — Burm. afr. p. 237. t. 83. f. 2. Branches somewhat tetragonal at the top. Leaves obtuse, with an acumen, entire, greyish beneath. Panicle ternately compound. Bracteas opposite, deciduous. Drupe size of a pea, hardly fleshy. JFartecf-branched Olive. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1814. Tree 40 feet. Cult. Most of the species of olive are admired for the fra- grance of their flowers in our greenhouses. The soil best suited to them is a mixture of peat and loam. Ripened cuttings strike root readily in sand, under a hand-glass, those of the stove spe- cies in heat. They may also be increased by grafting on the common privet. O. oleaster and 0. sat'ita will endure our winters against a south wall. IV. NORO'NHIA (in honour of C. Noronha, a traveller in Madagascar, Isle of France, &c.). Pet. Th. gen. mad. no. 7. Poir. in nouv. diet, des sc. nat. Bojer, in Hook. hot. misc. 2. p. 167.— O'lea species, Vahl. Lor. SYST. Diandria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 4-cleft, Corolla globular, thick, deeply 4-cleft. Anthers 2, at the bottom of the tube of the corolla, and lying in its substance. Ovarium small, conical, 2-celled, 4-seeded. Style none. Drupe oblong or roundish, containing a 2-celled nut ; testa solid. Seed soli- tary, with a superior radicle ? and thick cotyledons, without albumen. — Small trees, with opposite leaves and axillary ra- cemes of flowers. 1 N. CE'RNUA ; glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, very blunt, sometimes emarginate ; racemes simple, axillary, solitary, twin or tern; flowers drooping. F? • S. Native of the Mauri- tius. O'lea cernua, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 3. O. obtusifolia, Lam. ill. 1. p. 28. Branches marked with elevated dots. Leaves with reflexed edges. Bracteas ovate, solitary at the base of the pedicels, and twin under each calyx. Flowers twice the size of those of the common olive. Drooping-fiowered Noronhia. Clt. 1816. Tree 20 feet. 2 N. EMARGINA'TA (Poir. 1. c. Hook. 1. c. t. 88.) leaves obovate, emarginate ; racemes axillary. I? . S. Native of Madagascar. N. chartacea, Stadm. mss. N. Binia, Pet. Th. gen. med. no. 7. O'lea emarginata, Vahl. enum. 1. p. 42. Lam. diet. 4. p. 545. ill. t. 8. f. 2. Branches glabrous. Leaves 2-4 inches long, glabrous, shining. It is grown in the gardens of the Mauritius, under the name of Ponai des Indes. Fruit size of a walnut, edible. There appear to be two species confused under this name, one with coriaceous emarginate leaves, and ter- minal panic-led racemes of flowers ; and another with chartaceous emarginate leaves, and axillary racemes of flowers. Emarginate-lea.ved Noronhia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1825. Tree 20 feet. Cult. See Olea, above, for culture and propagation. V. PACHYDE'RMA (from TOXVC, pachyt, thick, andSep/ia, derma, a skin ; berries). Blum, bijdr. p. 682. LIN. SYST. Diandria, Monogynia. Calyx obsoletely 4- toothed. Corolla globose, coriaceous, with a half 4-cleft border. Stamens 2, very short, inserted above the base of the corolla. H 50 OLEIN^E. VI. MYXOPYRUM. VII. CHIONANTHUS. VIII. CHONDROSPERMUM. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells biovulate. Stigma almost sessile, obtuse. Berry nearly dry, 1-seeded. Albumen fleshy. Em- bryo inverted -- This genus is nearly allied to O'lea, but it differs from that genus in the globose corolla, undivided stigma, and baccate fruit.— A tree with opposite leaves, and terminal panicles of flowers. 1 P. JAVA'NICUM (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acu- minated, acutish at the base, quite entire, glabrous, rather veiny, on short petioles ; panicles terminal, brachiate, length of leaves. Jj . S. Native of Java, in woods on mount Salak, where it is called Paljar-gunung. Java Pachyderma. Tree. Cult. See Olea, p. 49. for culture and propagation. VI. MYXOPY'RUM (from p.v£,a, myxa, mucus, and Trvpnv, pyren, a nut ; nuts covered with mucilage). Blum, bijdr. p. 683. LIN. SYST. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, quadrifid. Corolla globose, coriaceous, plicate inside ; limb quadrifid. Sta- mens 2, inclosed; filaments very short, inserted in the middle of the tube. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 3-ovulate. Stigma thick, sessile, angular at the side, and bicuspidate at the apex. Drupe coriaceous, 1-2-celled, containing 1-4 angular, 1-seeded nuts, which are covered with mucilage. Albumen horny. Embryo erect. — A climbing shrub, with tetragonal branches ; opposite elliptic-oblong, 3-nerved, glabrous leaves, which are sometimes serrated at the apex ; and axillary and lateral pani- cles of flowers. Nearly allied to Noronhia. 1 M. NERVOSUM (Blum. 1. c.). J? . ^. S- Native of Java, in calcareous places near Kuripan, and at the foot of mount Salak. Nerved-leaved. Myxopyrum. Shrub cl. Cult. See O'lea, p. 49. for culture and propagation. Virginian Fringe-tree. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1796. Tree 10 to 30 feet. 2 C. AXILLA'RIS (R. Br. prod. p. 523.) spikes axillary, very short ; leaves oblong-elliptic, acute. fj . G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Flowers white. 4 xillary-Qovtered Fringe-tree. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1810. Shrub. 3 C. INCRASSA'TA (Swartz, prod. 13. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 24.; branches of panicle decussate or fastigiate ; flowers pedicellate ; corollas tetragonal, with erect, thickened segments ; leaves ob- long, f} . G. Native of Jamaica, in woods on the mountains. Leaves rather coriaceous, with a short, obtuse acumen. Ulti- mate peduncles 3-flowered. Corollas white, with terete, sub- clavate segments. Thickened Fringe-tree. Tree tall. 4 C. PUBE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 233.) panicles terminal, short, trifid : with 3-flowered peduncles ; corollas red, with linear segments ; leaves elliptic-oblong, blunt- ish, coriaceous, clothed with soft down beneath. fj . G. Na- tive of New Granada, near Gonzanama, Llanos de Trigo- Bamba, and Salto del Frayle, where it is called Arupo by the natives. Panicles rising before the leaves, downy, corymb- formed. Downy Fringe-tree. Fl. Oct. Tree 20 feet. Cult. The Ch. Virginicus is a fine large ornamental shrub. It thrives best in a moist light loamy soil. It is generally in- creased by seed received from America; by layering it is diffi- cult, if the soil be not moist. By grafting or budding it on the common ash it succeeds very well. The greenhouse kinds grow freely in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat ; and ripened cuttings of them will strike root in sand, under a hand-glass, in a little heat. VII. CHIONA'NTHUS (from x^v, chion, snow, and anthos, a flower ; in reference to the snow white flowers of the species). Lin. gen. no. 21. Juss. gen. 105. Gsertn. fruct. 1. t. 39. Lam. ill. t. 9. f. 2. LIN. SYST. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 4-parted, or 4-toothed. Corolla with a -short tube and a 4-parted limb; segments of the limb long and linear. Style hardly any ; stigma 2-lobed. Anthers almost sessile. Drupe baccate, containing a striated nut. Seeds albuminous. — Trees, having the branch- lets compressed at top. Leaves opposite, simple, entire. Ra- cemes simple or compound, terminal or axillary. Flowers snow white. This genus differs principally in the figure of the seg- ments of the corolla from O'lea. 1 C. VIRGINICA (Lin. spec. p. 11.) racemes terminal ; pe- duncles 3-flowered ; flowers pedicellate ; leaves lanceolate* gla- brous. fy . H. Native of North America. Lodd. hot. cab. 1204. Duh. arb. 1. p. 165. t. 63.— Catesb. car. 1. t. 68. Leaves resembling those of a laurel ; the flowers come out in May, hanging in long bunches, from whence the inhabitants call it Snont-drop-tree ; and from the corolla being cut into narrow segments they also give it the name of Fringe-tree. Drupe purplish. Var. a, lalifolia ; leaves ovate-elliptic, having the nerves downy beneath. Tj • H. Native of Carolina. — Catesb. car. t. 69. — Kern. t. 607. Leaves oval-lanceolate, coriaceous, gla- brous; panicles dense ; drupes oval. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 8. Var. ft; angustifblia (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 23.) leaves lanceolate, glabrous. Jj. H. Ch. trifida, Moench. Var. y, maritima (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 8.) leaves obo- vate-lanceolate, membranous, pubescent ; panicles very loose j drupes elliptic. Jj . H. Native of North America, by the sea- side. VIII. CHONDROSPE'RMUM (from Xov$poe, chondros, a lump, and o-Trtpjua, sperma, a seed ; form of seed). Wall. cat. 2837. and 2838. — Chionanthus species, Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 108. LIN. SYST. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx urceolate, 4- toothed ; teeth lanceolate, acute, with purple edges. Corolla funnel-shaped, rather fleshy, having a large obscurely 4 -sided tube, which is longer than the calyx ; and a 4-parted spread- ing limb, which is longer than the tube ; segments linear- clavate, blunt, vertical, and thickened at their apexes ; throat closed by the anthers. Stamens 2, inserted above the base of the tube ; anthers fleshy, with 2 marginal cells ; situated between the 2 opposite fissures of the border, hardly elevated above the tube. Ovarium ovate, 2-celled. Ovulum solitary, inserted by its base? — A rambling evergreen shrub, with ash-coloured, separating bark; large, opposite, 3-nerved leaves; and axillary and terminal, brachiate panicles of small, greenish yellow flowers. 1 C. SMILACIFOLIUM (Wall. cat. no. 2837.). Tj . w. S. Native of the forests of Chittagong, where it is called Chunalata ; also of the Burmese empire, on mount Taong Dong, if C. coriaceum, Wall. cat. no. 2838. be the same. Chionanthus smilacifolia,' Wall. fl. ind. 1. p. 108. Ligustrum laurifolium, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 32. Branches and peduncles 4-sided. Leaves 5-7 inches long, and 3 broad, 3-nerved, coriaceous, pale beneath, undulated, and bullated between the principal nerves ; nerves and veins much elevated beneath, and uniting a little above the base. Flowers small, almost scentless. The erect position of the ovula seems to indicate its belonging to the order Jasminece. The aestivation of the corolla is valvate. Smilax-leaved Chondrospermum. Shrub cl. Cult. For culture and propagation see O'lea, p. 49. OLEINiE. IX. SYRINGA. X. FORSYTHIA. XL FONTANESIA. XII. NOTELJEA. 51 TrifelH. Corolla funnel-shaped or campanulate. 4- parted. Stamens 2, short. Fruit capsular, 2-celled. IX. SYRINGA (2 • G. Native of New Hol- land, within the tropic. Z)o«ed-leaved Notelaea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. Sh. 3 N. OVA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves ovate, glabrous, without dots ; calycine segments equal; stigma sessile, undivided, fy . G. Native of New South Wales. Oyate-leaved Noteljea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub. 4 N. LIQU'STRINA (Vent, choix. t. 456.) leaves narrow-lan- ceolate, elongated, petiolate, quite glabrous, with simple margins, dotted beneath, having the veins on both sides obsolete. Tj . G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Racemes length of leaves. Privet-like Notelaea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1807. Shrub. 5 N. MICROCA'RPA (R. Br. prod. p. 524.) leaves linear-lan- ceolate, elongated, attenuated at the base, almost sessile, quite glabrous, obsoletely dotted beneath, and having the veins mani- fest above, t? . G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. The drupe in this species is smaller than a pea, while in N. li- gustrina it is larger. Small-fruited Notelsea. Shrub. 6 N. POSU'A (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 107.) leaves el- liptic-oblong, acuminated ; pedicels axillary, drooping, glo- merate, 1 -flowered ; calycine teeth equal; stigma capitate. I}. G. Native of Nipaul, at Narainhetty. O'lea Posua, Hamilt. mss. Olea Buchanani, Herb. Lamb. Leaves 4-5 inches long, and 1^ or 2 broad. Posua Notelaea. Shrub. f A doubtful species. 7 N. RIOJDA (Desf. arbr. 1. p. 120.) leaves stiff, broad-lan- ceolate, quite entire ; racemes axillary. ^ • G. Native of Van Diemen's Land, where it was collected during the expedition of Baudin. Stiff-leaved Notelaea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. Shrub. Cult. The species of this genus thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat ; and ripened cuttings root freely under a hand- glass, in sand. XIII. LINOCIE'RA (named by Swartz, after Geofroy Li- nocier, a physician at Tournon, in the Vivaraes ; author of L'Histoire des Plantes, Paris, 1584. 12mo.). Swartz in Schreb. gen. no. 1709. p. 178. fl. ind. 1. t. 2. Gsertn. fruct. t. 215. Thouinia, Swartz, prod. 14. — Chionanthus, spec. Jacq. Lin. and Swartz. — Mayepea, Aubl. — Ceranthus, Schreb. gen. 1. p. 14. LIN. SYST. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-toothed. Co- rolla of 4 linear petals, much longer than the calyx, which are connected by pairs to the filaments at the base. Anthers 2, elon- gated ; filaments short. Stigma 2-cleft. Drupe 2-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. — Evergreen trees, with entire leaves, and tricho- tomous panicles of white or yellow flowers. * Species natives of South America. 1 L. LIGU'STRINA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 49.) flowers panicled, pedicellate ; petals reflexed ; leaves lanceolate, l/i . S. Native of Jamaica and Hispaniola. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 46. Thouinia ligustrina, Swartz, prod. 15. Branches beset with ele- vated dots. Leaves 2-3 inches long, shining, obtuse at top. Petals obtuse, concave, white. Privet-like Linociera. Clt. 1820. Tree. 2 L. LATIFOLIA (Vahl 1. p. 46.) flowers panicled, axillary; peduncles 3-flowered ; flowers sessile ; leaves elliptic, acumin- ated. Tj . S. Native of St. Domingo and the Antilles. Chio- nanthus Domingensis, Lam. ill. 1. p. 30. It differs from the preceding in the leaves being broader, firmer, and less shining and acuminated ; in the petals being broader and thinner. Drupe oblong, size of a pea. Broad-leaved Linociera. Tree. 3 L. GLOMERA'TA (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 98. t. 164.) racemes compound ; peduncles many-flowered ; flowers sessile ; petals linear-lanceolate, hardly broader at the base ; leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous above, but densely clothed with yellowish tomentum beneath in the axils of the nerves. f; . G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, in the district of the New Mines, or Minas Novas, among bushes in dry moun- tainous places. Flowers yellow. Glomerale-fiovtered Linociera. Shrub 5 to 8 feet. 4 L. COMPA'CTA (R. Br. prod. p. 523. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 1 . p. 23.) racemes compound and decompound ; peduncles 3-flowered ; flowers almost sessile ; petals attenuated, subulate. fy . S. Native of the West Indies. Chionanthus compacta, Swartz, prod. p. 13. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 44. Chionanthus Cari- bse'a, Jacq. coll, 2. p. 110. t. 6. f. 1. Swartz, fl. ind. 1. p. 22. Ceranthus, Schreb. gen. 1. p. 14. Ceranthus Screberi, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 26. — Pluk. aim. 224. f. 2. Leaves lanceolate-elliptic, acuminated, often a hand long. Calyxes villous. Petals snow white. Anthers acute. Compact Linociera. Clt. 1793. Tree 15 to 20 feet. 5 L. ? TETRA'NDRA (R. Br. prod. p. 523.) panicles trichoto- mous, axillary ; flowers pedicellate, tetrandrous; petals ovate, attenuated, subulate ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute, f; . S. Native of Guiana. Chionanthus tetrandra, Vahl, enum. 1. p. 45. Mayepea Guianensis, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 81. t. 31. Chio- nanthus incrassata, Willd. spec. 1. p. 47. Chion. Guianensis, Pers. ench. 1. p. 5. Calyx villous. Anthers obtuse. Petals white, concave, terminated by a thread. Fruit size of an olive, violaceous, 1 -seeded, bitter. The flowers exhale a grateful scent. Perhaps a genus of Rhamnece. Tetrandrous Linociera. Shrub 6 to 7 feet. * * Species natives of Asia. 6 L. DICHOTOMA (Wall. cat. no. 2825.) racemes axillary, com- posed of 3-flowered peduncles ; leaves large, cuneate-lanceolate, recurved, entire, glabrous. fy . S. Native of Coromandel. Chionanthus dichotomus, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 107. A smooth, dichotomous shrub. Racemes solitary, shorter than the leaves. Flowers small, white, scentless. Calyx villous. Segments of corolla hardly joined at the base. Drupe ovate or obovate, purple, size of a currant. Albumen none. Dichotomous Linociera. Shrub 7 to 10 feet. 7 L. RAMIFLORA (Wall. cat. no. 2824.) panicles ovate, below the leaf-bearing shoots, smooth ; leaves broad-lanceolate or oblong, entire, acute, glabrous. Tj . S. Native of the Moluccas. Chionanthus ramiflorus, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 106. Leaves about 6 inches long. Flowers numerous, small, yellow. Seg- ments of the corolla lanceolate, with incurved edges. Drupe oblong. Branch-flowered Linociera. Fl. March, April. Tree. OLEIN.E. XIII. LIXOCIERA. XIV. FRAXINCS. 53 8 L. MACROPHY'LLA (Wall. cat. 2826.) racemes compound, axillarv, composed of 3-5-flowered branches or peduncles; leaves elliptic, tapering to both ends, on long subalate petioles, entire, glabrous. ^ . S. Native of Silhet. Leaves 8-10 inches long, and 4-6 broad. Very like L. ramiflora. Large-leated Linociera. Tree or shrub. 9 L. MALABA'RICA (Wall. cat. no. 2828.) peduncles com- pound, axillary, aggregate, downy as well as the calyxes, with 3-flowered branches ; leaves elliptic, obtuse, short-acuminated, sometimes tapering to the base, coriaceous, glabrous, fy . S. Native of Malabar. Chionanthus Malabaricus, Herb. Heyne. Malabar Linociera. Tree or shrub. 10 L. MOXTA'NA ; racemes compound, axillary, crowded, much shorter than the leaves ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, en- tire, glabrous, fj . S. Native of Java, in woods on the moun- tains of Parang and Salak, where it is called Kiburiet. Chio- nanthus montanus, Blum, bijdr. p. 681. Mountain Linociera. Tree. 1 1 L. OBLONGA (Wall. cat. no. 2843.) peduncles lateral and axillary, trichotomously branched ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, tapering to the base, pale beneath, glabrous. ^ . S. Native of the Burmese empire, on mount Taong Dong. Oi/ong-leaved Linociera. Tree or shrub. 12 L. TERXIFLORA (Wall. cat. no. 2845.) leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, acuminated, glabrous : having the veins converging at top : acumen obtuse ; peduncles racemose, branched, lateral, and axillary : with 3 -flowered branches. Ij . S. Native of the Burmese empire, on the banks of the Saluen river. Tern-flowered Linociera. Tree or shrub. 13 L. COTIXIFOLIA (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 47.) racemes sub-com- pound ; peduncles 3-flowered ; flowers pedicellate ; leaves vil- lous beneath, fj . S. Native of Ceylon. Chionanthus coti- nifolia, Willd. spec. 1. p. 47. Chionanthus Zeylanica, Lam. iil. 1. p. 30. t. 9. f. 2. Houtt. syst. 1. p. 204. t. 5. f. 1. Very nearly allied to L. latifblia. Flowers reddish. Colinus-leated Linociera. Clt. 1818. Tree. 14 L. PURPL-'REA (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 47.) racemes axillary, usually compound; peduncles 3-flowered, drooping; bracteas ovate ; petals channelled ; leaves obovate-lanceolate or elliptic, tapering at both ends, and are, as well as the calyxes, gla- brous, f? . S. Native of Ceylon. Chionanthus purpiirea, Lam. Chionanthus Zeylanica, Lin. fl. zeyl. no. 14. spec. 11. exclusive of the synonymes. Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 107. Thoumia nutans, Lin. suppl. 89. — Pluk. aim. t. 241. f. 4. — Burm. zeyl. 31. Branches covered with elevated black dots. Leaves 1^-2 inches long, a little attenuated at the base, with a short acute acumen. Petals shorter tlian in the rest, purplish. Purp/e-flowered Linociera. Tree. 15 L. ? FLA'VICASS (Willem. herb. maur. p. 3. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 47.) panicles axillary ; petals ovate ; leaves obovate, retuse. fj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Thouinia flavicans, Willemet. Pedicels thickened at top, furnished with 2 minute bracteas at the forks. Calycine segments triangular. Corolla coriaceous, yellow. Petals erect, concave. l'e//o>mA-flowered Linociera. Shrub. Cult. See Xotelaea for culture and propagation, p. 52. Tribe V. FRAXINIE'^E. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4-parted, or wanting. Corolla of 4 petals, 4-parted, or wanting. Stamens 2, short ; anthers dehiscing externally. Stigma nearly sessile, bifid. Fruit a 2-celled, compressed samara, winged at the top, usually 1 -seeded. XIV. FRA'XINUS (from Qpatrau, phraifo, to hedge or en- close; the ash was formerly used for forming hedges). Tourn. inst. 343. Lin. gen. no. 1160. Mich. gen. 107. Juss. gen. 105. Schkuhr, handb. t. 375. Lam. ill. t. 858. Gaertn. fruct. 1. 1. 49. LIN. SYST. Polygamia, Dioecia. Flowers polygamous. Calyx none, or 4-parted or 4-toothed. Corolla none. Stamens 2, in the male flowers. Anthers sessile or on short filaments, dehiscing outwardly. Female flowers the same, except that they have no stamens. Stigma bifid. Fruit or samara 2-celled, com- pressed, winged at top; cells 1 -seeded. — Trees with opposite, unequally pinnate, rarely simple leaves ; and lateral racemes of greenish-yellow flowers. * Flonert naked. 1 F. EXCE'LSIOR (Lin. spec. p. 1509.) leaflets almost sessile, lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, serrated, cuneated at the base ; flowers naked ; samara obliquely emarginate at the apex. >r . H. Native of Europe. Willd. spec. 4. p. 1099. Fl. dan. 969. Smith, engl. bot. 1692. Svensk, bot. 175. F. apetala, Lam. fl. fr. Lam. ill. 858. f. 1. F. rostrata, Guss. pi. rar. p. 374. — Blackw. t. 328. — Dodon, penph. 771. — Lob. icon. 2. t. 107. f. 2. F. ornus, Scop. earn. no. 1249. F. apetala, Lam. fl. fr. F. erosa, Pers. F. crispa, Bosc. The leaves have generally 5 pairs of leaflets, from 4 to 6. The flowers are produced in loose spikes, from the sides of the branches. There are not only female flowers, and hermaphrodite ones, but also male ones. The Ash, in German and Dutch, is called Esche or Asclte ; in Danish and Swedish, Ask; in French, Le Frene ; in Italian, Fratsino; in Spanish, Fretno ; in Portuguese, Freuco ; in Rus- sian, Jos, Jasen, or Jassen. The English name is from the Saxon JEsa. Ray says it has its name from the colour of the bark. Its usual time of flowering is March and April ; of leafing, from April 22d to May 15th. The timber of the ash is next in value to the oak, and in some places equal to it : it is hard and tough, and of excellent use to the coachmaker, wheelwright, and cartwright, for ploughs, axle-trees, fellies, harrows, and many other implements of husbandry ; for ladders, oars, blocks for pulleys, &c. Anciently it was in great request for spears. Being not apt to split and scale, it is excellent for tenons and mortises ; also for the cooper, turner, and thatcher. Nothing is like it for palisade-hedges, hop-yards, poles and spars, handles and stocks for tools, &c. When curiously veined, the cabinet-makers use it, and call it green Ebony. Of all timber it is the sweetest fuel. If a wood of ash-trees be managed well, it will turn greatly to the ad- vantage of its owner ; the underwood will be fit to cut every seven or eight years for hoops, or every 14 years for hop- poles, &c. and still there will be a stock preserved for tim- ber. The best season for felling the ash is from November to February ; but, for lopping pollards, the spring is preferable for all soft woods. The ashes of the wood afford a very good potash. The bark is used for tanning cat-skin and nets. In the north of Lancashire they lop the ash, to feed the cattle, in autumn, when the grass is upon the decline. The leaves have been gathered to mix with tea. An infusion of them is an aperient ; and a decoc- tion of 2 drachms of the bark, or 6 of the leaves, has been used in the cure of agues. If cows eat the leaves or shoots, the butter from their milk is said to be rank ; but this is doubtful, for there is no taste in ash-leaves to countenance the assertion, and this is the next tree, after the elm, which the Romans recommended for fodder. The ash is, however, a very im- proper tree for hedge rows, and the borders of arable land ; the drip of it is very unfavourable to all other vegetable productions; it exhausts the soil much, and the roots spread widely near the surface, so that it injures the hedge, and impoverishes the crop sown near it. Though the ash be a handsome tree, it should not by any means be planted for protection or ornament, because the leaves 54 OLEINjE. XIV. FRAXINUS. come out late, and fall early. The fertile trees also generally exhaust themselves so much in bearing keys or fruit, that their foliage is scanty, and their appearance unsightly. The trees, however, which bear male flowers only, have a full and verdant foliage, and make a handsome figure, though late in the season. It is well calculated for standards and clumps, in large parks and plantations, and for groves and woods. It will grow in very barren soils, and in the bleakest and most exposed situations. It is so hardy as to endure the sea winds, and may therefore be planted on the coast, where few trees will prosper. If planted by ditch sides, or in low, boggy meadows, the roots act as under- drains, and render the ground about them firm and hard ; the timber, however, is in this case of little value. It was natural that our remote ancestors, when the island was overrun with wood, should value trees rather for their fruit than their timber ; it is no wonder, then, that by the laws of Howel Dda, the price of an oak or a beech should be 120 pence, while the ash, because it furnished no food for swine, was valued only at fourpence. The Edda or Woden, however, holds the ash in the highest veneration ; and man is described as being formed from it. Hesiod, in like manner, deduces his brazen race of men from the ash ; and in his Theogony has nymphs of the name of MeXiat- It is probably owing to the remains of Gothic veneration for this tree, that the country people, in the south-east part of the king- dom, split young ashes, and pass their distempered children through the chasm, in hopes of a cure. They have also a superstitious custom of boring a hole in an ash, and fastening in a shrew mouse ; a few strokes with a branch of this tree is then accounted a sovereign remedy against cramps and lameness in cattle, which are ignorantly supposed to proceed from this harmless animal. In many parts of the highlands of Scotland, at the birth of a child, the nurse or midwife puts one end of a green stick of this tree into the fire, and, while it is burning, receives into a spoon the sap or juice, which oozes out at the other end, and administers this as the first spoonful of liquor to the new born babe. The facility with which the ash is propagated, and adapts itself to any soil or situation, even the worst ; the quickness of its growth ; and the general demand for the timber, in every part of the country, for a variety of rural and economical purposes ; recommend this tree very much to the planter. The following are the most remarkable varieties of the Common Ash. Var. ft, pendula; branches pendulous. J; . H. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 5. p. 475. The Weeping Ash. Var. y, aurea; (Willd. enum. p. 1059.) branches yellow, dotted ; leaflets sessile, lanceolate, unequally serrulated, acu- minated, cuneated at the base, glabrous, fj. H. F. aurea, Pers. ench. 2. p. 604. The yellow-barked Ash. Var. S, crispa ; leaflets dark green, curled. ^ . H. F. crispa, Bosc. F. atrovirens, Desf. arb. 1. p. 104. Var. f, jaspidea (Willd.) bark and wood marked with veins. Var. £, argentea (Desf. arb.) leaves variegated with white. The silver-striped-leaved Ash. Var. i), lutea; leaves edged with yellow. The golden- striped- leaved Ash. Var. S, erosa (Pers. ench. 1. p. 604.) leaflets erosely toothed. Var. i, horizontal (Desf. Pers. 1. c.) branches horizontal. The horizontal-branched Ash. Var. K, verrucosa (Desf. Pers. 1. c.) branches warted. The warted-barked Ash. Var. \, striata. The striped-barked Ash. Var. p, fungosa. The spongy-barked Ash. Var. v, verticillata. The whorled-leaved Ash. Taller or Common Ash. Fl. March, April. Britain. Tree 50 to 80 feet. 2 F. NA'NA (Willd. enum. 1068) leaflets sessile, usually 5 pairs, ovate-oblong, acute, unequally serrulated, roundly cuneated at the base. Jj . H. Native of Europe. F. excelsior, var. nana, Hortul. Branches grey. Buds brownish, black. Leaflets 5-6 pair, 1^ inch long, and hardly -j inch broad, glabrous. Dwarf Ash. Fl. April, May. Clt. ? Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 3 F. roLEMONUFOLiA (Poir. in Duh. ed. nov. 4. p. 66. diet, suppl. 2. p. 671.) leaflets usually 4-5 pairs, quite glabrous, sharply-toothed, ovate, nearly sessile ; petioles a little winged, tj . H. Native country unknown. F. nana, Desf. hort. par. et arb. 1. p. 104. F. nana (appendiculata), Pers, ench. 2. p. 605. F. appendiculata, Lodd. cat. A humble-branched Shrub. Branches of a livid lead colour. Leaflets approximate, 6-7 lines long, and 3 lines broad, acute. Common petioles winged. Greek-Valerian-leaved Ash. Fl. April, May. Clt. ? Sli. 4 F. HETEROPHY'LLA (Vahl. enum. 1. p. 53.) leaves simple or ternate, dentately serrated ; samara oblong-lanceolate, an inch long, obtuse and emarginate at the apex. Fj . H. Native of Europe. In England, in woods, but rare. F. simplicifolia, Willd. spec. 4. p. 1098. berl. baumz. p. 121. t. 3. f. 3. Smith, engl. hot. t. 2476. F. monophy'lla, Desf. arb. 1. p. 102. F. excelsior, var. simplicifolia, Hort. F. excelsior, ft, diversifolia, Ait. F. excelsior, t, Lam. diet. 2. p. 554. F. excelsior, ft, heterophylla, D. C. F. integrifolia and diversifolia, Hort. Leaves usually simple, but sometimes ternate and quinate, 3-4 inches long, ovate, sub-cordate, or acuminate at the base and apex. Branches dotted. Buds black. Perhaps only a variety of F. excelsior. Various-leaved Ash Tree. Fl. April, May. England. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 5 F. PARVIFOLIA (Willd. spec. 4. p. 1101.) leaflets 5-7 pairs, sessile, roundish-ovate and oblong, attenuated at the base, quite entire at the base, but sharply serrated at the apex, mucronate ; flowers naked. ^ • H. Native of the Levant. Willd. berl. baumz. p. 155. t. 2. f. 2. Tenor, syll, p. 9. no. 5. Branches purplish, trigonal at the top. It differs from F. rotund/folia in the leaflets being more copious, in the bases not being unequal, and the buds being brown. The juice of tliis tree is the manna of Sicily. It is called Frassino mistino, and Frassino lentisco, in Sicily. Small-leaved Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1 822. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 6 F. TAMARISCIFOLIA (Vahl. enum. 1. p. 52.) leaflets petio- late, oblong and lanceolate, sharply serrated : serratures mucro- nate. T? . H. Native about Aleppo. Fr. lentiscifolia, Desf. cat. hort. par. p. 52. Willd. spec. 4. p. 1101. F. parvifolia, Lam. diet. 2. p. 540. F. Aleppensis, Plukn. phyt. 182. f. 4. Branches dark purple. Buds brown. Leaflets 4-5 pairs, ex Vahl. 6-7 pairs, ex Willd. •£ inch long, terminal one smaller than the lateral ones. Flowers naked. Samara narrow, gradually widening to the apex, and retuse. Tamarisk-leaved Ash-tree. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1710. Tr. 7 F. ARGE'NTEA ; leaves with usually 3 pairs of rather coria- ceous, elliptic-ovate, shortly cuspidate, bluntly-toothed leaflets, on short petiolules. I? . H. Native of Corsica, in the fissures of rocks. Fraxinus argentea, Lois. fl. gall. 6U7. Leaves sil- very grey. Nearly allied to O'rnus Europae'a. Silvery-leaved Ash. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1825. Tree. 8 F. SAMBUCIFOLIA (Vahl. enum. 1. p. 51.) leaflets sessile, ovate-lanceolate, serrated, having the axils of the veins villous beneath. I? . H. Native from Canada to Carolina. Willd. spec. 4. p. 1099. Muhl. nov. act. scrut. berol. 3. p. 393. Pursh. fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 8. Michx. fig. arb. icon. F. nigra, Mcench. F. crispa, Hort. Young branches green, beset with black dots. Buds brown. Leaflets 3 pairs, 3-4 inches long, acute at both ends. Flowers like those of the Common Ash. 12 OLEIN.E. XIV. FRAXIXCS. 55 Elder-leaved Ash-tree. Fl. May. C!t. 1800. Tree 30 feet. 9 F. SCHIEDEAVXA (Schlecht. et Chamiss. in Linnaea. 6. p. 391.) glabrous; leaves with 3 pairs of sessile, lanceolate, bluntish, quite entire leaflets, or with a few obsolete serratures in front ; the odd one the longest, and attenuated at the base : all thin, shining above, and paler beneath ; rachi of leaves channelled ; samara nearly linear, with the wing hardly dilated in front, elliptic-oblong, obtuse at the apex, ending in an oblique little point. J? . H. Native of Mexico, near Hacienda de la Laguna, in warm situations. Fagara dubia, Roam, et Schultes, syst. 3. PL 288. Calyx deeply 5-parted. Stigmas 2, thick. " Schitde's Ash-tree. Tree 10 to 15 feet. 10 F. Boscu : leaves with 3 pairs of glabrous leaflets; leaflets oblong, acuminate, toothed ; common petioles winged at the base : buds blackish ; branches cinereous. (; . H. Native of North America. F. nana, Bosc. but not of Willd. Flowers naked. Base's Ash-tree. Fl. May, June. Clt.? Tree. 11 F. CHIXE'XSIS (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 150.) leaflets from 3 to 7, lanceolate, serrated; panicles axillary and terminal; flowers apetalous. '; . H. Native of China. Branches erect. Leaves glabrous : lateral leaflets on short petioles, and smaller than the terminal one, which is protruded on a winged petiole. Panicles drooping. Style long and curved. China Ash. Fl. April. Clt. ? Tree 12 to 20 feet. 12 F. OXYCA'RPA (Willd. spec. 4. p. 1100.) leaflets almost sessile, lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, glabrous ; flowers naked ; samara lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, mucronate. Tj . H. Native of Caucasus. F. oxyphylla, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 450. F. ornus, Pall. ind. taur. Branchlets green, with white dots. Buds brown. Leaflets 2 to 3 pairs. Sharp-fruited Ash-tree. Fl. May. Tree. 13 F. ANGI STIFOLIA (Bauh. hist. 1. pt. 2. p. 177.) leaflets sessile, lanceolate, remotely denticulated ; samara lanceolate, entire at the apex, acute. Jj. H. Native of Spain. Vahl. enum. 1. p. 52. Willd. spec. 4. p. 1100. Branches brownish purple. Branchlets green, dotted with white. Buds brown. Leaflets 3-4 pairs, !•§• to 2 inches long. Peduncles below the leaves, solitary, 2 inches long. Samara obtuse at the base. Flowers naked. Said by some to be nearly related to F. O'rnus; but by Vahl. to F. excelsior. Xarroiv-leaved Ash-tree. Fl. May. Tree. * * Plotters calyculate. 14 F. JUGLANDIFOLIA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 543.) leaflets stalked, elliptic-lanceolate, serrated, glaucous beneath ; branches and petioles glabrous ; flowers calyculate. Tj . H. Native from Canada to North Carolina. Willd. spec. 4. p. 1104. Branches and buds greyish brown. Leaflets 2-4 pairs, 3 inches long, membranous, glabrous, but not shining, canescent beneath, downy in the axils of the veins. Calyx 4-toothed. Corymbs pendulous. Samara linear. far. p, subintegerrima (Vahl. enum. 1. p. 50. 1. c.) leaflets almost quite entire. Ij . H. F. juglandi folia, /3, subserrata, \\illd. 1. c. Fr. Caroliniana, Wangenh. amer. p. 81. ex Willd. Du Roi, ed. 2d vol. 1. p. 400. ex Vahl. Fr. Nova-A'nglise, and F. Caroliniana, Mill. diet. no. 5, 6. ? ll'almtt-ltated Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1724. Tree 30 to 50 feet. 15 F. CAROLIXIA'XA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 543.) leaflets petiolate, lanceolate, serrated, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous ; flowers calyculate. \j . H. Native from Pennsylvania to Carolina. Vahl. enum. 1. p. 51. Willd. spec. 4. p. 1103. F. excelsior, Walt. fl. car. p. 254. F. serratifolia, Michx. fil. arb. p. 33. F. lanceolata, Borkh. Branches and buds brownish. Leaflets 3 pairs, shining above. Racemes loose, H inch long, often twin from the same dot ; pedicels numerous, umbellate. Calyx small, caropanulate. Carolina Ash-tree. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1783. Tree 30 to 50 feet. 16 F. PUBE'SCENS (Walt. fl. car. p. 254.) leaflets petiolate, elliptic-ovate, serrated, downy or tomentose beneath, as well as the petioles and branches ; flowers calyculate. J; . H. Native of North America. Vahl. enum. 1. p. 51. Willd. spec. 4. p. 1103. F. nigra, Du Roi, ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 398. F. tomentosa, Michx. arb. t. 33. Leaflets 3-4 pairs. Racemes rather compound. Calyx campanulate. Samara narrow-lan- ceolate, obtuse, with a short mucrone at the apex, 2 inches long. Stamens 2-3-4. Far. /3, longijolia (Willd. spec. 4. p. 1103.) leaflets ovate- lanceolate, attenuated, somewhat serrated. Tj . H. F. sub- villosa, Bosc. ? F. Pennsylvanica, Marsh. Var. y, latifblia (Willd. 1. c.) leaflets ovate, broad. Ij . H. far. c, sub-pubescens (Pers. ench. 2. p. 605.) leaflets petio- late, elliptic-oblong, acuminated, sharply serrated, downy be- neath ; common petioles glabrous, fj . H. Perhaps a distinct species. F. subvillosa, Bosc. ? Dovny Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1811. Tree 30 feet. 17 F. EPIPTERA (Michx. 1. c. p. 256.) leaflets lanceolate- elliptic, sub-serrated ; samara cuneated, obtuse and emarginate at the apex, and terete at bottom. \j . H. Native from Canada to Carolina, frequent. Vahl. enum. 1. p. 50. Willd. spec. 4. p. 1102. F. discolor, Michx. fil. arb. t. 33. F. Canadensis, Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 222. t. 49. F. lancea, Bosc. Young branches green, covered with white dots. Bark chinky. Leaflets opaque, downy beneath on the veins. Flowers caly- culate. Buds brown. Wing-topped-seeded or Two-coloured Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1 823. Tree 30 feet. 18 F. QUADRANGULA'TA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 255.) leaflets almost sessile, elliptic-lanceolate, serrated, downy be- neath ; samara blunt at both ends. I? . H. Native of Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Mich. abr. with a figure. Willd. spec. 4. p. 1104. Vahl. enum. 1. p. 50. F. tetragona, Cels. ex Dum. Cours. Branches quadrangular. Samara obtuse. Quadrangular-branched Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1822. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 19 F. PLATYCA'RPA (Vahl. enum. 1. p. 49. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 256.) leaflets almost sessile, serrated on the outside, elliptic-lanceolate ; samara elliptic-lanceolate, fj . H. Native of Virginia and Carolina. F. Caroliniana, Catesb. car. t. 80. Michx. arb. with a figure. Leaflets 2 inches long, and an inch broad, having the larger veins villous beneath. Samara 2 inches long, acute at both ends. Broad-fruited Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1724. Tree 30 to 50 feet. 20 F. BXPA'NSA (Willd. berl. baumz. p. 150.) leaflets ovate- oblong, unequally serrated, glabrous, petiolate ; branches gla- brous ; flowers calyculate. £. H. Native of North America. F. Caroliniana, Hort. Worlitz. Young branches green, smooth. Buds brown. Leaflets 5 pairs, 3 inches long, acuminated, gla- brous, but not shining. Expanded Ash- tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Tree 30 to 50 feet. 21 F. MIXA (Bosc. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 96.) leaves with 5 pairs of leaflets, glabrous on both surfaces ; leaflets oblong, almost sessile, unequally toothed. Tj . H. Native of North America. Mixed Ash. Fl. May. Clt. 1 824. Tree. 22 F. PULVERULB'NTA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 6 pairs of leaflets, tomentose beneath ; leaflets on long petioles, oblong, acute, sinuated ; petioles powdery. Tj . H. Native of North America. Powdery Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1S24. Tree. 56 OLEINJE. XIV. FRAXINUS. XV. ORNUS. 23 F. RUBICU'NDA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of coria- ceous leaflets, rather tomentose beneath ; leaflets oblong, acute, a little toothed : having the veins and petioles reddish beneath ; buds and branchlets grey. 1? . H. Native of North America. Reddish-veineA Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Tree. 24 F. LONGIFOLIA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets, shining above, but tomentose beneath and on the petioles ; leaf- lets oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, a little toothed ; branches hairy. f; . H. Native of North America. Long-leaved Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Tr. 30 to 40 ft. 25 F. VIRIDIS (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets, shining above, but the veins are downy beneath ; leaflets oblong, acute, sharply and unequally serrated ; branches green. T? . H. Native of North America. Green Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Tree. 26 F. CINE'REA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of glabrous leaflets, but the veins are rather pilose beneath ; leaflets lanceo- late, unequally toothed ; buds linear, grey, pilose. Jj . H. Native of North America. Grey Ash-tree. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Tree. 27 F. A'LBA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets, hairy beneath, and on the petioles ; leaflets lanceolate, unequally and sharply toothed, acuminated ; branches grey. I; . H. Native of North America. White Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Tree. 28 F. RICHA'RDI (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of glabrous leaflets : but the veins are rather pilose beneath ; leaflets oblong, acute, toothed ; branches cinereous, pilose at the base. Pj . H. Native of North America. Richard's Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. ? Tree. 29 F. OVA'TA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets, pilose beneath ; leaflets ovate, acute, equally toothed ; buds fulvous. Jj . H. Native of North America. Ovate-leaved Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. ? Tree. 30 F. NIGRA (Bosc. I. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of glabrous leaflets ; leaflets oblong, acuminated, somewhat sinuately toothed ; branches blackish. T?.H. Native of North America. Black Ash- tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1825. Tree. 31 F. ELiipTicA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets, pilose beneath ; leaflets oblong, mucronate, a little toothed ; buds fulvous ; branches brownish black. fj . H. Native of North America. Elliptic-leaved Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1824. Tree. 32 F. FU'SCA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets, glabrous above, but the veins are villous beneath ; leaflets ob- long, mucronate, unequally toothed ; branches brown. ^ • H. Native of North America. .Brown-branched Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1 823. Tr. 33 F. RU'FA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 2 pairs of leaflets, beset with rufous pili beneath ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated, cus- pidate, unequally toothed. Jj . H. Native of North America. Rufous-haired Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1822. Tr. 34 F. PA'LLIDA (Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of glabrous leaflets ; leaflets almost sessile, ovate-lanceolate, toothed ; branches yellow. Jj . H. Native of North America. Pale-barked Ash-tree. Fl. April, May. Clt.? Tree. 35 F. ACUMINA'TA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 542.) leaflets petiolate, oblong, shining, quite entire, glaucous beneath ; flowers calycu- late. Tj . H. Native from Canada to Carolina, in woods. F. Americana, Willd. spec. 4. p. 1102. F. concolor, Michx. fil. arb. p. 33. icon. Leaflets 7. Acuminated-leaved Ash. Fl. May. Clt. 1723. Tree. 36 F. PANNOSA (Vent, and Bosc. 1. c.) leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets, villously tomentose beneath ; leaflets petiolate, ovate, quite entire, attenuated at both ends ; buds fulvous ; petioles glabrous, tj . H. Native of Carolina. Cloth-leaved Ash. Fl. May. Clt. 1820. Tree. 37 F. TRIPTERA (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 232.) leaflets obovate, entire, tomentose beneath, oblique at the base ; samara broad, elliptic-obovate, mostly 3-winged, attenuated at the base, 1 -seeded ; seed 3-sided. Tj . H. Native of South Carolina, in oak forests. Three-ivinged-fruhed Ash-tree. Tree. Cult. Most of the species of Frdxinus are large forest trees, and are generally raised in quantities from seed, which do not vegetate till the second spring after sowing, if kept out of the ground all winter ; but if sown in the autumn immediately after gathering, they vegetate in the following spring. Any of the kinds may be increased by budding or grafting on the common ash; and the younger the stock on which they are grafted the better. In grafting the species of Frdxinus, as well as other trees which do not readily take, it is best to graft at the side, allowing the top to remain until the scion is fixed and the wound healed, as the top, when allowed to remain, draws up the sap to the scion, while on the contrary, if taken off, it stagnates the free circulation of the sap to the graft. XV. ORNUS (Oren, Hebrew ; opuvi) /i€\ia, oreine melia, from opoe, oros, a mountain, Greek ; Ornus, Latin ; the names for the wild ash). Pers. ench. 1. p. 8. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 6. Nutt. gen. amer. l.p. 6. — Frdxinus species of authors. LIN. SYST. Diandria, Monogynia, or Polygamia, Dioecia. Flowers hermaphrodite, or of different sexes. Calyx 4-parted or 4-toothed. Corolla 4-parted ; segments long, ligulate. Sta- mens with long filaments. Stigma emarginate. Samara 1 -celled, 1 -seeded, winged. — Trees with impari-pinnate leaves and termi- nal or axillary panicles of flowers. 1 O. EUROPJE'A (Pers. ench. 1. p. 9. Sav. trat. ed. 2. t. 1.) leaves with 3-4 pairs of lanceolate or elliptic, attenuated, ser- rated, stalked leaflets ; peduncles axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves ; flowers complete or hermaphrodite. Jj . H. Native of the south of Europe. Fraxinus O'rnus, Lin. spec. 1510. Smith, fl. grsec. 1. t. 4. Mill. fig. t. 1. Lam. ill. 9. t. 858. f. 2. Woodv. med. hot. 1. p. 104. t. 36. Church et Stev. med. hot. 2. t. 53. F. O'rnus and F. paniculata, Mill. diet, no. 3. and no. 4. F. florifera, Scop. earn. no. 1250. F. bo- tryoides, Mor. praelud. 265. F. vulgatior, Segu. ver. 2. p. 290. — Duham. arb. 4. — Bauh. hist. 1. p. 177. f. 1. Young branches purplish or livid, with yellow dots. Buds cinereous. Leaflets entire at the base, villous or downy beneath. Flowers greenish white. Scopoli observed hermaphrodite flowers on one tree and female ones on the other. Mr. Miller's F. paniculata has chiefly male flowers. Manna is obtained from this tree, as well as from O. rotundifblia. Manna is yielded by different trees, but principally from the species of O'rnus, Fraxinus, and Jtiglans. The manna is generally of two kinds ; not on account of the intrinsic quality of them being different, but only because they are got in a different manner. In order to obtain manna, those who have the management of the woods of the Orni, in the months of July and August, when the weather is very dry and warm, make an oblong incision, and take off from the bark of the tree about 3 inches in length and 2 in breadth ; they leave the wound open, and by degrees the manna runs out, and is almost suddenly thickened to its proper consistence, and is found ad- hering to the bark of the trees. The manna, which is collected in baskets, and goes under the name of Manna grassa, is put in a dry place, because moist and wet places will soon dissolve it again. This first kind of manna is often in large irregular pieces of a brownish colour, and is frequently full of dust and other impurities. But when the people want to have a very fine manna, they apply to the incision of the bark thin straw, or bits of shrubs, so that the manna, in coming out, runs upon those bodies, and is collected in a sort of regular tubes, which give it the name of manna-canali, or manna in tubes ; this second OLEIXJE. XV. ORXUS. COLUMELLIE.E. 57 kind is more esteemed and always preferred to the other, because it is free and clear from impurities. There is still a third kind in Calabria, which is as white as the finest sugar, but is seldom met with. The two first kinds of manna undergo no preparation what- ever before they are exported. When the summer is rainy the manna is always scarce and bad. Manna likewise exudes spon- taneously, and concretes into granules; this kind is known in the markets by the name of manna in tear. Manna is sweet, but leaves a nauseous impression on the tongue. It is a mild ca- thartic, for which purpose it was formerly much used in practice ; it is now seldom given alone to adults, but combined with senna, neutral salts, and other purgatives, are frequently used to cover its taste. far. ft, latifblia (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 445.) leaflets oval- oblong, serrated, stalked. European Flowering Ash or Manna Ash. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1730. Tr. 20 to 30 feet. 2 O. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Pers. encb. 2. p. 605.) leaves with 3-5 pairs of roundish-ovate, bluntly serrated, almost sessile leaflets, which are narrow at the base ; petioles channelled ; flowers with petals, polygamous ; peduncles axillary. Jj . H. Native of Calabria and the Levant, &c. Fraxinus rotundifolia, Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 445. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 49. Willd. spec. 4. p. 1105. wild baum. p. 145. t. 2. f. 1. F. mannifera. Hort.— Pluk. aim. 182. f. 4.— Bauh. hist. 1. p. 17?. f. 2. Branches and buds brown. Leaflets rather small, glabrous. Flowers purplish. The flowers come out in the spring before the leaves, like the other species of the genus, as well as of Fraxinus. The lower parts of the mountains of Calabria abound with this, the manr.a-asb, which grows spontaneously and with- out any culture, except that the woodmen cut down all the strong stems that grow above the thickness of a man's leg. Towards the end of July the gatherers of manna make a hori- zontal gash, inclining upwards, in the bole of the tree. As the liquor never oozes out the first day, another cut is given on the second, and then the woodmen fix the stalk of a maple leaf in the upper wound, and the end of the leaf in the lower one, so as to form a cup to receive the gum as it distils from each gash. The season continues about a month. The men have only S carlines (1*. l^d.) for every rotolo ; which quantity, con- taining 33y ounces, is sold for 24f carlini, or somewhat more than 10s. ; if it be in tubular pieces the price rises one third. The tubular pieces are called manna in cannoli, and these re- gular tubes are produced by applying to the incision thin straw, or small bits of shrub, upon which the manna runs as it oozes out. The trees succeed best in an eastern exposure, in order to warm the juices in the morning, and to inspissate those which the heat has sweated out in the evening. Round-leatcd Flowering Ash or Manna Ash. Fl. April. Clt. 1697. Tree 16 to 20^ feet. 3 O. AMERICA'XA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1 . p. 9. Nutt. gen. amer. I. p. 6.) leaves with 2-5 pairs of oblong or ovate- acuminated, shining, serrated leaflets, glaucous beneath, the odd one rather cordate ; flowers with petals, disposed in terminal panicles. >• . H. Native of North America, in Maryland and Virginia, but rare. F. Americana, Lin. spec. 1510. ? Branches brownish grey. Buds bro«n. Leaflets 3-5 inches long and 2 broad, paler beneath, and having the larger veins rather villous. Samara narrow, obtuse, mucronate. American Flowering Ash. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 4 O. FLORiBt/NDA (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 12.) Laves with i'-3 pairs of elliptic-oblong, acuminated, serrated, glabrous, stalked leaflets, and an odd one ; panicles terminal, compound, thyrsoid ; petals linear, clavate (ex Wall.), oval- oblong, obtuse (ex D. Don) ; samara linear, or narrow-spatulate, VOL. IV. obtuse, entire. T? . H. Native of Nipaul, where it is called Kangu, Tahasee, and Thaup. Fraxinus floribunda, Wall. fl. ind. 1. p. 150. pi. rar. asiat. 3. t. 277. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 106. Bark ash-coloured, dotted. Branchlets compressed. Leaflets varying much in figure, the terminal or odd one the largest. Flowers white. Bundle-Jlomered Flowering Ash. Fl. April. Clt. 1822. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 5 O. XASTHOXYLOiDES ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5, small, oblong, tapering to the base and apex, crenated, almost sessile ; flowers lateral, aggregate ; fruit lateral, aggregate ; samaras with emarginate wings. Vj . H. Native of Sirinaghur. Fraxinus xanthoxyloides. Wall. cat. no. 2833. Xanthoxylon-like Flowering Ash. Tree. 6 O. MOORCROFTIA'NA ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5, oblong, acuminated at both ends, glabrous, almost sessile, paler be- neath, finely denticulated : odd one the largest ; fruit disposed in simple, aggregate, lateral racemes ; samara with an emarginate wing, furnished with a little point in the centre of the notch. T;. H. Native of Luddac, in the East Indies. Fraxinus Moorcroftiana, Wall. cat. no. 2834. Moorcrofl's Flowering Ash. Tree. 7 O. CROPHY'LLA ; leaves pinnate, on long petioles ; leaflets 5-7, on long petiolules, membranous, ovate-oblong, long-acu- minated, serrated ; peduncles panicled, axillary. T? . H. Na- tive of Silhet, on the Pundua mountains. Fraxinus urophyllus, Wall. cat. no. 2835. Flowers much smaller than those of 0. Jioribunda. Tail-leaced Flowering Ash. Tree. 8 O. STRIA'TA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 256.) leaves with 7 pairs of leaflets, villous beneath as well as the petioles ; leaflets ob- long, petiolulate, acute, toothed ; buds green ; branches striated, fj . H. Native of North America. Fraxinus striata, Bosc. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 95. Striated Flowering Ash. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1818. Tree 30 feet. Cult. The species of this genus are raised from seeds, like those of Fr&xtnus, and may be increased by budding or grafting on the common ash. ORDER CXLVIII. COLUMELLIEV2E (this order contains plants agreeing with Columellia in important characters). D. Don, in edinb. phil. jo^rn. dec. 1828. Calyx 5 or many-parted, permanent, adnate to the ovarium. Corolla inserted in the upper part of the tube of the calyx, rotate or funnel-shaped ; limb spreading, 5-lobed ; lobes equal, entire, convolutely imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 2, inserted in the thickened part of the throat, opposite the angles of the calyx ; filaments short, dilated ; pollen resinous. Ovarium in- ferior, or half inferior, 2-celled, many-ovulate. Style declinate, seated on a flat fleshy disk. Stigma capitate, convex at top. Capsule 2-celled, woody, 2-valved, closely combined with the tube of the calyx, dehiscing at top by a cross-like chink, there- fore the valves are bifid at the apex ; dissepiment contrary to the compression of the peduncle ; cells many-seeded. Albu- men fleshy or wanting. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, petiolate, entire. Flowers terminal, yellow, or white, very like those of the species of Jasminum. Peduncles bibracteate ? This order corresponds with Jasmineacece in the structure and aestivation of its corolla, in its bilocular ovarium, and erect ovula, and it agrees both with it and Syringa in the struc- ture and dehiscence of its capsule. A comparison of the 58 COLUMELLIE^l. I. COLUMELLIA. II. BOLIVAEIA. III. MENODORA. JASMINEACE.E. calyx and corolla of Menodbra, with those species of Jasmlnum wherein the number of segments are indeterminate, will display more clearly the intimate affinity existing between these two families. It differs, however, essentially from Jasmineacece by having an adherent ovarium, by the presence of a perigynous disk, by the undivided stigma, and lastly by having an inferior capsule with polyspermous cells. The imbricate aestivation of the corolla, and adherent ovarium, with erect ovula, the presence of a perigynous disk, and a capsule with polyspermous cells, are characters sufficiently numerous and important to prevent its ever being confounded with Oleince, and to establish it as an osculant group between that family and Jasmineacece. It appears also to be nearly related to Halesiacece, a small group forming the connecting link between Oleince and Ebenacece ; this group is principally distinguished from Columelliece by the indefinite number of its stamina, and its simple stigma. Synopsis of the genera. 1 COLUME'LLIA. Calyx compressedly 2-edged ; with a 5- lobed limb. Corolla rotate. Anthers convolute. Capsule turbinate ; cells many-seeded. Albumen fleshy. 2 BOLIVA'RIA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped ; with a 5-parted limb. Capsule cartilaginous ; cells 2-seeded. Albumen none, but the seeds are inch sed in a peculiar inte- gument. 3 MENODORA. Calyx many-parted, half inferior. Corolla salver-shaped : with a 5-parted spreading limb. Capsule 2- celled, many-seeded. I. COLUME'LLIA (named in honour of L. J. M. Colu- mella, who flourished 42 years before Christ). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 28. syst. p. 8. Pers. ench. 1. p. 13. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 388. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. dec. 1828. — Uluxia, Juss. gen. LIN. SYST. Diandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx turbinately tu- bular, compressed, 2-edged. Corolla rotate : with a 5-lobed concave equal limb. Stamens opposite the angles of the calyx ; filaments short, flat ; anthers convolute or replicate ; one of the cells very narrow, continuous through all the convolutions of the anther : containing angular, resinous pollen. Style decli- nate, flattened. Capsule turbinate, woody, 2-celled ; cells many-seeded. Seeds obovate, compressed, ascending : with a basilar umbilicus. Albumen fleshy, yellowish. Embryo erect, slender. Plumule inconspicuous. — Evergreen trees or shrubs, natives of Peru. Flowers terminal, on short peduncles, yellow. Peduncles bibracteate at the base. 1 C. OBLONGA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 28. t. 8. f. a. syst. 1. p. 8.) leaves oblong, veiny, toothed at top; flowers corymbose. fj . G. Native of Peru, in woods at Pillao. C. arborescens, Pers. ench. 1. p. 13. Tree having the habit of Kal- mia, with deciduous bark. Branchlets clothed with silky down, compressed between the internodes. Leaves attenuated at the base, shining and green above, but silky and glaucous beneath, 1-2 inches long. Corymbs leafy. Calycine segments lanceo- late, silky beneath, furnished with a horny mucrone at the apex. Oblong-leaved Columellia. Tree 20 to 25 feet. 2 C. OBOVA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 28. t. 12. f. b. syst. 1. p. 9.) tomentose ; leaves obovate, mucronulate, quite entire, veinless ; flowers usually solitary. ^ • G. Native of Peru, on arid hills about the town of Tarma. C. frutescens, Pers. ench. 1. p. 13. Shrub with the habit of a species of Leptospermum. Branchlets clothed with hoary down, which at length becomes blackish. Leaves crowded, green and shining above, but tomentose beneath, from \ to \ an inch long. Petioles connate at the base, hardly distinct from the leaves. Flowers rarely twin or tern. Calycine segments ovate, obtuse. Obovate-leaved Columellia. Shrub 8 feet. 3 C. SERICEA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 388.) leaves oblong, quite entire, silky beneath ; peduncles 2-3- flowered. Tj . G. Native of the province of Quito, in woods. Young branches obsoletely tetragonal, clothed with silky down. Leaves obtuse, mucronate, green and shining above, and silky white beneath. Pedicels, bracteas, and calyxes silky. Silky Columellia. Tree 15 to 20 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Bolivaria, below. II. BOLIVA'RIA (named after Bolivar, the liberator of South America). Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 207. t. 4. f. 1. LIN. SYST. Diandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped : with a 5-parted limb. Filaments capillary ; an- thers erect, fixed by the middle, elliptic, mucronate. Style ex- ceeding the stamens ; stigma obscurely 2-lobed. Capsule carti- laginous, didymous, circumcised ; cells 2-seeded. Seeds inclosed in a peculiar integument, without albumen. — Glabrous shrubs. Flowers pedunculate, solitary, terminal, and lateral, constituting an incomplete, leafy panicle. 1 B. INTEGRIFOLIA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 208.) leaves lanceolate, quite entire. I? . G. Native of Brazil, in the pro- vince of Cisplatine, frequent. Flowers white or yellow, size of those of Jasmlnum fruticans. Entire-leaved Bolivaria Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 2 B. TRIFIDA (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 209.) leaves linear, trifid, or entire. fj . G. Native of Brazil, in the province of Cisplatine, and of Chili. Flowers yellow. Trifid Bolivaria. Fl. July. Clt. 1828. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand is a good soil for the species ; and cuttings will strike root readily in the same kind of soil, under a hand-glass. III. MENODO'RA (from (itvoc, menos, courage, and doron, a gift ; a vegetable which gives force to animals). Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 2. p. 98. t. 110. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. dec. 1828. LIN. SYST. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, with a many -parted limb ; segments 10-11, subulate. Corolla with a very short tube, a villous throat, and 5-8-parted concave. limb ; lobes ovate, acuminated. Filaments capillary ; anthers sagittate, 2-celled, erect, mucronulate at the apex. Ovarium emarginately 2-lobed. Style declinate, slender; stigma trun- cate, pruinose. Capsule 2-celled, with a septicidal dehiscence, many-seeded. — A small, suflruticose, hairy plant, with numerous decumbent stems ; oval-lanceolate, almost sessile, entire leaves : and solitary, pedunculate, yellow flowers. 1 M. HELIANTHEMOIDES (Humb. et Bonpl. 1. c.). I? . G. Native of Mexico, between Actopan and the village of Mag- dalena. Stems tetragonal. Sun-rose-like Menodora. Shrub -J to 1 foot. Cult. For culture and propagation see Bolivaria above. ORDER CXLIX. JASMINEA'CE.E. Jasmineae, R. Br. prod. p. 520. — Jasminese, part. Juss. gen. p. 104. Calyx monophyllous, tubular, divided or toothed (f. 11. a.), permanent. Corolla monopetalous, hypogynous, regular, salver- shaped (f. 11. b.}, with a 5 (f. 11. b.) -8 (f. 10. fl.) -cleft limb; segments lying over each other laterally, imbricate and twisted in aestivation. Stamens 2, epipetalous, inclosed. Ovarium not JASMINEACE.E. I. JASMINCM. 59 girded by any disk, £-celled ; cells 1 -seeded; ovula erect. Style 1 ; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit a didymous berry or a bipar- tible capsule. Albumen sparing or wanting. Embryo straight, with an inferior radicle. — Usually twining shrubs. Leaves op- posite, simple, but often compound, either ternate or impari- pinnate ; having the petioles in most of the species articulated. Flowers opposite, disposed in corymbs. This order differs sufficiently from Oletrue in the situation of the ovula, structure of the seeds, as also in the division and aesti- vation of the corolla ; but it agrees with it in the corolla being regular and diandrous, and in the fruit being either baccate or capsular, but scarcely in habit. In Nyctanthes the mature seeds have hardlv any albumen, while it is copious in the immature seeds. Fragrance is the predominant property of the Jasmine tribe, and has made it for ages the favourite of poets and of the people : this fragrance arises from an oil, which can be extracted so as to retain its perfume. Synopsis of the genera. 1 JASMI'NCM. Corolla 4-8-cleft (f. 11. 6. f. 10. a.). Berry didvmous. Seeds without albumen. . NVCTA'XTHES. Calyx entire. Corolla 5-lobed. Capsule bipartite. Seeds albuminous. I. JASMTNUM (Linnaeus derives this name from ia, la, a violet and oo-^ij, osme, smell ; but the scent of the flowers has no resemblance to that of the violet.) Forskoel. aegyp- arab. p. 59. says that the Arabs call it Jasmin (ysmym).) Dodon. pempt. p. 1557. Tourn. inst. 368. Lin. gen.no. 17. Juss. uen. 106. R. Br. prod. p. 521. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 196. t. 42. Lam. ill. t. 7. — Mogorium, Lam. LIN. SYST. Didndria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, 5-8- toothed or 5 (f. 1 1. fc.) -8 (f. 10. a.) -cleft. Corolla 5 (f. 11.6. f. 10. a.) -8-cleft. Stigma 2-lobed or bifid. Berry didymous, having one of the lobes usually abortive. Seeds without albu- men.— Usually twining shrubs. Leaves simple or compound ; petioles articulated. Flowers white or yellow. * Leaves simple. Calyx cleft. 1 J. SA'MBAC (Ait. hort. kew.l. p. 8.) twining; leavesalmost sessile, membranous, from cordate to oblong, acute or obtuse, glabrous ; calycine segments 5-9, subulate ; berries globular ; branches, petioles, and peduncles downy. ^ . /~l. S. Native of the East Indies. Desf. ann. mus. 4. p. 20. Sims, bot. mag. 1785. Ker. bot. reg. t. 1. Mogorium, Sambac. Lam. diet. 4. p. 210. J. gimea, Zucc. ? Nyctanthes Sambac, Lin. spec. 1. p. 8. — Burm. zeyl. p. 128. t. 58. f. 2. Leaves waved, and sometimes scolloped, smooth, except while young, but there are generally tufts of down in the axils of the veins beneath. Flowers generally forming small trichotomous umbellets, white, fragrant. Berries black. From this species we have the com- mon double, and rose or great flowered, and full Moogaries abian or Tuscan jasmines.) These are always raised from layers, even in India, and have been improved by culture. The plant that bears the common double sort still retains its twining habit, but it is lost in the great rose, or full-flowered sort : here the branches are erect or spreading, but never twining. The \!/ctanthes undulala, Willd. spec. 2. p. 8. is probably nothing but a variety of/. Sdmbac. Jar. a, Single-jton-ered Arabian jasmine. J. undulatum, Willd. spec. 1. p. 36. Mallica and Asphota, Asiat. res. 4. p. 04,5.— Rheed. mal. 6. p 97. t. 55. I'ar. /3, Double-flowered Arabian jasmine. J. Sambac, var. flore pleno, Andr. bot. rep. 497. — Rheed. mal. 6. p. 87. t. 50. — Burm. zeyl. 128. t. 58. f. 2. — Humph, amb. 5. p. 52. t. 30. far. y, Great double Arabian or Tuscan jasmine. J. Sambac, Ker. bot. reg. 497. — Rheed. mal. 6. p. 89. t. 51. far. £, trifolialum ; leaves 3 in a whorl; flowers double. Nyctanthes grandiflora, Lour. coch. p. 21. Nyct. trifoliata, Vahl. enum. 1. p. 26. Sambac or Arabian Jasmine. Fl. year. Clt. 1665. Sh. tw. £ J. QDINQUEFLORCM (Heyne, herb, ex Wall. cat. no. 2878.) branches, peduncles, calyxes, and petioles downy ; leaves ob- long, sometimes short-acuminated, always mucronate ; calycine segments 8, long-subulate ; corolla almost semi-double, of many lanceolate segments ; peduncles terminal, 3-5-flowered. fj . w. S. Native of the East Indies, at Gongachora and Patna. J. san- jurium, Hanailt. mss. Flowers white. Nearly allied to J. Sdmbac. Var. /3, pubescens ; leaves rounded ; plant more downy ; co- rolla with fewer segments. ^. w. S. Native of the East Indies, at Mongger. J. pubescens, Hamilt. mss. ex Wall. cat. no. 2880. Fice-JloKered Jasmine. Shrub cl. 3 J. SCA'KDEKS (Vahl. symb. bot. 3. p. 2. enum. 1. p. 27.) twining, glabrous; leaves cordate, ovate- oblong, entire, acu- minated, shining ; corvmbs globular, terminal, rrichotomous ; calycine segments 6-7, bristle-shaped, hairy ; segments of co- rolla 6-8, lanceolate, very acute, almost die length of tube. f?. /"\ S. Native of the East Indies, particularly in Bengal, Chittagong, and Java. Nyctanthes scandens, Rets. obs. 5. p. 9. Mogorium scandens, Lam. diet. 4. p. 210. Peduncles and pedicels short, villous as well as the calyxes. Flowers pure white, delightfully fragrant. Climbing Jasmine. Fl. July. Clt. 1 820. Shrub twining. 4 J. GLA'BRUM (Horsfield ex Link, jahrb. 1-3. H. p. 31. Blum, bijdr. p. 679.) scandent ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, downy on the margins and the ribs beneath, as well as the pe- tioles and branchlets ; peduncles axillary ; calycine segments subulate, downy. Tj . ^. S. Native of Java, about Batavia. Corolla of 9 narrow segments. Branches terete. Glabrous Jasmine. Shrub cl. 5 J. ELOXGA'TUM (Vahl. enum. 1. p. 28. Willd. spec. 1. p. 37.) climbing, villous ; leaves opposite or alternate, lanceolate or ovate-oblong ; corymbs trichotomous ; segments of corolla 8-12, linear; calyx 5-6-cleft : segments subulate. ^ . w. S. Native of the East Indies, in forests near the mouth of the Hoogly, in Bengal, and of Java. Nyctanthes elongata, Lin. syst. 56. suppl. 82. Berg. act. angl. 1772. p. 290. 1. 11. J. Roxburgh- ianum, Wall. cat. no. 2870. Flowers pretty large, pure white, fragrant. Pedicels clavate. Corolla having the tube much swelled towards the mouth, and with the edges of the segments revolute. far. fi ; leaves all somewhat cordate at the base, smoothish above. fj . w. S. Native of Java, about Linga Jattie, at the foot of Mount Tjerimai, among bushes. Blum, bijdr. p. 678. Elongated Jasmine. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 6 J. GLABRIU'SCULUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 679.) subscandent ; leaves opposite, rarely alternate, ovate, acuminated, rounded at the base, glabrous, downy on the ribs beneath, as well as the branchlets ; cymes terminal, undivided ; calycine segments su- bulate. Jj . w. S. Native of Java, about Linga Jattie, among bushes, in the province of Cheribon. Nearly allied to /. elon- gatum. Smoothish Jasmine. Fl. year. Shrub cl. 7 J. PCBE'SCENS (Willd. spec. 1. p. 37.) sarmentose, downy ; leaves cordate, mucronate, tomentose beneath and on the pe- tioles, at length naked above : the upper ones forming an invo- lucrum round the umbel ; umbels terminal, sessile ; calyx of 6-8 plumose, filiform segments ; segments of corolla 6-9, lanceolate, i 2 60 JASMINEACE^E. I. JASMINUM. FIG. 10. cuspidate. ^ . G. Native of the East Indies, in Bengal and Nipaul, but originally from China. Vahl. symb. 1. p. 26. Nyc- tanthes multiflora, Burm. fl. ind. p. 5. t. 3. f. 1. Nyct. pubes- cens, Retz, obs. 5. p. 9. J. multiflorum, Andr. rep. 8. t. 496. Nyct. hirsutum, Lin. spec, p. 8. J. hirsutum, Lin. syst. p. 56. Smith, exot. bot. 2. p. 117. t. 118. Ker. bot. reg. 51. Sims. bot. mag. 1991. Mogo- rium pubescens, Lam. diet. 4. p. 213. — Rheed. mal. 6. p. 95. t. 54. Flowers large, pure white, fragrant, (f. 10.) Donny Jasmine. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1759. Shrub strag- 8 J. LAURIFOUUM (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 91.) climbing, gla- brous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, lucid, 3-nerved ; flowers axil- lary and terminal, from 1-5 together, on long pedicels; calycine segments 6-7, filiform : those of the corolla 9-12, linear, length of tube, fj . w. S. Native of the mountains east of Bengal. Ker. bot. reg. t. 521. Flowers white, fragrant. Laurel-leaved Jasmine. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1819. Shrub cl. 9 J. PUNCTA'TUM (Hamilt. herb, ex Wall. cat. no. 2877.) puberulous while young; leaves ovate -lanceolate or oblong-lan- ceolate, acuminated, feather-nerved, glabrous in the adult state ; peduncles terminal, trichotomous ; calyx downy, with linear segments; segments of the corolla 8-10, acute; bracteas subu- late. ^ . w. S. Native of Patna. Flowers white. Dotted Jasmine. Shrub cl. 10 J. COARCTA'TUM (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 91.) erect, glabrous; leaves oblong, smooth, acute; corymbs terminal, pedunculate, crowded with ternate, nearly sessile flowers, bracteate ; calyx 5-cleft. I? . S. Native of the East Indies, on the hills near Chittagong. May be known from all the other simple-leaved East Indian species by the erect habit, and by the great number of flowers, which form the little dense corymbs. Coarctate-fiowered Jasmine. Fl. April, May. Shrub erect. 11 J. CORDIFOLIUM (Wall. cat. no. 2858.) leaves broad, ovate -cordate, acuminated, with 3 principal nerves, glabrous in the adult state ; flowers terminal, corymbose ; corymbs thrice trichotomous, downy : bracteas subulate ; calyx campanulate, with subulate segments ; segments of corolla 8, elliptic, mucro- nate. J? . ,_,. S. Native of the East Indies, on the Nelligherry mountains. Flowers white. Heart-leaved Jasmine. Shrub cl. 12 J. TRINE'RVE (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 2.) climbing, polished, glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminated, 3-nerved, polished; flowers axillary and terminal, 1-9 together ; calycine segments 6-7, subulate ; segments of corolla 6-8, nearly filiform, longer than the tube. Jj . ,_,, S. Native of Silhet, in forests. J. acuminatum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 7. Mogorium acuminatum, Lam. ill. p. 23. Flowers large, white, fragrant. Tube of corolla long, widening above the middle. Three-nerved Jasmine. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1804. Sh. cl. 13 J. FINLAYSONIA'NUM (Wall. cat. no. 7126.) leaves ovate, acuminated, 3-5-nerved, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, 3-flow- ered ; calycine segments long, subulate. Tj . w. S. Native of the East Indies. Plant glabrous. Finlayson's Jasmine. Shrub cl. 14 J. BRACTEA'TUM (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 92.) twining, villous; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, villous ; flowers in bracteate fascicles of 3, 5, or 1 1 ; calycine segments from 5-7, subulate ; segments of corolla 5-8, oblong, with rounded acuminated tips ; stigma entire. fy . /"\ S. Native of Sumatra and Bencoolen. J. con- gestum, Herb. Ham. ex Wall. cat. no. 2874. J. Rottleri&num, Wall. cat. no. 2865. ? Flowers numerous, pretty large, white, fragrant, in fascicles embraced by bracteas. Berries black. Bracteated Jasmine. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1818. Sh. tw. 15 J. BIFA'RIUM (Wall. cat. no. 2866.) branchlets, calyxes, and leaves while young downy; leaves disposed in two rows, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, mucronate, glabrous in the adult state, on short petioles; peduncles axillary, branch- like, bearing each a head of flowers at top, which is involucrated by 2 large ovate leaves ; pedicels short ; teeth of calyx 6, subulate ; corolla with a long, slender tube : and 6-8 lanceolate segments. ^ . w. S. Native of Penang. J. bracteatum, Roxb. mss. ZJj/anotts-leaved Jasmine. Shrub cl. 16 J. AMPLEXICAU'LE (Herb. Ham. ex Wall. cat. no. 2875.) glabrous ; leaves ovate, acute ; peduncles axillary and terminal, 3-flowered : terminal ones corymbose ; calycine segments 7, long, subulate ; segments of corolla 7, lanceolate, acute. Jj . ,_,. S. Native of the East Indies, at Goalpara. Stem-clasping Jasmine. Shrub cl. 17 J. IATIFOLIUM (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 93.) twining, smooth ; leaves cordate-oblong, pointed, smooth ; corymbs trichotomous, diffuse; calycine segments 5-7, subulate ; segments of corolla 8-10-12, linear, cuspidate ; berries kidney-shaped. lj . *"\ S. Native of the Circar mountains. Flowers large, white, fragrant. Broad-leaved Jasmine. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Shrub tw. 18 J. RETICULAVTUM (Wall. cat. no. 2869.) leaves oblong-lan- ceolate, acuminated, tapering at the base, glabrous in the adult state ; flowers terminal, capitate, or corymbose ; young branches and calyxes downy ; segments of calyx 5, subulate ; corolla with a long tube, and 8 linear segments. ^ . ,_,. S. Native of the Pundua mountains and Silhet. Nearly allied to 7. arborescens and J. latifolium. Heads of flowers bracteate. Reticulate-leaved Jasmine. Shrub. 19 J. ARBORE'SCENS (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 94.) arborescent; leaves opposite and 3 in a whorl, ovate, downy ; flowers nu- merous, corymb-formed ; calycine segments 5-6, subulate, in- curved, villous ; segments of corolla 10-12, linear, acute. Ij . S. Native of the more elevated parts of Bengal. Nyctanthes gran- difl6ra, Lour. coch. 21. Young shoots villous. Panicles tri- chotomous. Flowers large, white, and very fragrant. Very nearly allied to J. latifolium. A rborescent Jasmine. Clt. 1824. Shrub. 20 J. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 29.) twining, po- lished ; leaves ovate or oblong, smooth, of a shining deep green ; flowers generally by threes ; calycine segments acute ; segments of corolla 8-9, lanceolate ; berries single, ovate. Tj . /"\ S. Native of the Coromandel coast. J. vimineum, Willd. spec. 1. p. 36. Nyctanthes triflora, Burm. ind. 4. t. 2. J. triflorum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 7. Nyctanthes viminea, Retz. obs. 5. p. 9. Nyc.angus- tifolia, Lin. spec. 8. Mogorium triflorum, Lam. ill. t. 6. — Rheed. mal. 6. p. 93. t. 53. Flowers large, white, with a faint tinge of red, star-shaped, having a peculiar but very pleasant fragrance. Stigma lanceolate. This species, being constantly covered with leaves of a bright shining deep green, sometimes as small as those of box, renders it always beautiful, and particularly well adapted for screening windows, covering arbours, &c. in warm climates. Narrow-leaved Jasmine. Fl. year. Clt. 1816. Shrub tw. 21 J. TUBIFLORUM (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 96.) climbing, gla- brous ; leaves nearly sessile, ovate-oblong, smooth ; flowers from 3-5 together, on short peduncles ; calycine segments 7-8, subu- late, one-sixth the length of the very long slender tube of the corolla; segments of corolla 7-8, lanceolate; three times shorter than the tube ; berries ovate. ^ . w. S. Native of the Malay Archipelago. JASMINEACE^. I. JASMINUM. Tube-flowered Jasmine. Shrub cl. 22 J. CUSPIDATUM (Willd. act. am. N. C. berol. 4. p. 192.) climbing, glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, mucronate, on short petioles ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flow- ered : and terminal, 3-flowered. J; . v_/. S. Native of the East Indies. J. mucronatum and J. glaucum, Herb. madr. Leaves stiff, almost 3-nerved. Calyx campanulate, with subulate seg- ments. Segments of corolla 5-7, lanceolate, acute. Very nearly allied to /. Sdmbac. Cuspidate-leaved Jasmine. Shrub cl. 23 J. GUINEE'XSE ; leaves simple, glabrous; flowers terminal, fj . v_,. S. Native of Guinea, at Cape Coast, common among bushes. Flowers white, fragrant. Calyx toothed or cleft. ? Guinea Jasmine. Shrub cl. 24 J. TRICHOTOMUM (Heyne, ex Roth, nov. spec. p. 6.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous above, and clothed with rusty tomen- tum beneath ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous, compound, pilose; calyx campanulate, about equal in length to the erect segments. f; . w. S. Native of the East Indies. Calyx G-8-cleft. Co- rolla usually G-cleft, with linear-lanceolate segments. Trichotomous Jasmine. Shrub tw. 25 J. UNDULA'TUM (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 27.) leaves oblong- cordate, shining ; branches and peduncles hairy ; peduncles usually 3-flowered ; calycine segments setaceous ; segments of corolla 8, oblong, f; . ^,. G. Native of China. Ker. bot. reg. 436. J. Heyneanum, Wall. cat. no. 2865. Nyctanthes undu- lata, Lin spec. p. 8. syst. p. 56. Peduncles trichotomous, 3 or many-flowered. Flowers white. Perhaps only J. pubescent, Lin. 7F«roMeaved Jasmine. Fl. Jan. Clt. 1819. Shrub cl. 26 J. MOXTA'NUM (Roth. nov. spec. p. 5.) leaves subcordate, obtuse, glabrous ; young branches, petioles, peduncles, and calyxes hairy ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous ; calyx sub-cam- panulate : with erect, linear, obtuse segments ; segments of co- rolla lanceolate, 8 in number, acuminated. ^ • «^>- S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers white. Berries globose, black, size of a pea. Mountain Jasmine. Shrub cl. 27 J. MtLTiFLORUM (Roth. nov. spec. p. 6.) leaves ovate, acuminated, and are, as well as the young branches, pilose ; pani- cles lateral and terminal, elongated, corymbose, fastigiate; calyx campanulate, with reflexed segments; peduncles and calyxes hairy. Pj . v_/. S. Native of the East Indies. Pe- duncles naked, 3-6-Howered. Corolla 8-cleft, with lanceolate segments. Many-flonered Jasmine. Shrub cl. 28 J. LANCEOLA'TCM (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 6. t. 7. f. a.) erect, simple ; leaves lanceolate-elliptic, nearly sessile, reflexed at the points ; peduncles axillary and terminal, 1 -flowered ; co- rolline segments oblong-obovate. fj . G. Native of Peru, in the woods of Puzuzo. Flowers white, tinged with purple. Zernceo/a/e-leaved Jasmine. Shrub 2 feet. 29 J. SEssiLiFLORtM (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 29.) climbing, gla- brous, much branched; leaves oblong-ovate, acute, shining; flowers terminal, sessile, by threes ; segments of corolla 6, lan- ceolate, acute, fj . w. S. Native of the East Indies. Leaves veiny above and veinless beneath. Flowers white. Sessile-flonered Jasmine. Shrub cl. 30 J. GLAU'CUM (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 30.) climbing, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, mucronate, shining; calycine segments 5, subu- late ; corolla 6-7-cleft ; peduncles terminal, usually 3-flowered. ^ . w. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Vent. eels. t. 55. Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p. 42. J. rivulare, Sal. stirp. rar. 15. t. 8. Nyctanthes glauca, Lin. suppl. p. 82. Mogorium myrtifdlium, Lam. ill. 1. p. 23. am'. J. ligustrifolium, Lam. ill. 1. t. 25. — Comm. pi. rar. t. 5. f. 5. Panicle simple and compound, tri- chotomous. Corollas white, larger than those of J. qfficinale. Glaucous Jasmine. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub cl. * * Leaves simple. Calyx toothed. 31 J. GLANDULOSUM (Wall. cat. no. 2849.) glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated ; calyx tubular, 8 -toothed ; segments of corolla 8, lanceolate-linear, acuminated ; bracteas setaceous ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered ; flowers pedicellate. *2 . ^. G. Native of Nipaul, on Sheopore. Corolla white. Glandular Jasmine. Shrub cl. 32 J. OBLOXGUM (Burm. ind. 4. t. 3. f. 2.) branches simple ; leaves oblong, mucronate, glabrous; peduncles axillary, 1- flowered. ^ . w. S. Native of Java. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 29. Flowers yellow, smaller than those of /. odoratissimum. Perhaps the same as /. simplicifdlium. Oblong-leaved Jasmine. Shrub cl. 33 J. ACUMINA'TUM (R. Br. prod. p. 521.) leaves ovate, acu- minated, glabrous ; petioles 5-6 times longer than the superior joint ; calyx campanulate, with very short teeth. ^ . w. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1296. Panicles terminal, trichotomous, corymbose. Flowers white. Corolla 6-parted, with ovate segments. Acuminate-leaved Jasmine. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 34 J. MO'LLE (R. Br. prod. p. 521.) leaves ovate, acute, or acuminated, downy, very soft beneath ; peduncles terminal, tri- chotomous ; teeth of calyx very short. (7 . w ? G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Soft Jasmine. Shrub cl. 35 J. CRASSIFOLIUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 67i>.) scandent;" young branchlets beset with glandular hairs ; leaves alternate : floral ones for the most part opposite, oval, acute, triple-nerved, shining, of the consistence of parchment ; peduncles axillary and terminal, crowded, 3-5-flowered ; pedicels long ; calyx tubular, obso- letely 5-toothed. Fj . w. S. Native of the western provinces of Java, in woods on the mountains. Thick-leaved Jasmine. Fl. year. Shrub cl. 36 J. SIMPLICIFOLICM (Forst. prod. 3. no. 7. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 27. Willd. spec. 1. p. 39.) shrubby, spreading, glabrous; leaves oblong, polished ; flowers from 3 to many, terminal ; calyx campanulate, with a 5-toothed border; segments of corolla from 6-8, linear, acute, equalling the tube in length. ly . S. Native of the Friendly Islands, and the Eastern Archipelago. Sims, bot. mag. t. 980. J. australe, Pers. ench. 1. p. 8. Flowers terminal, from 3 to a decussate panicle, having its ramification trifid. Bracteas small, subulate. Corollas white, fragrant. Simple-leaved Jasmine. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1808. Sh. cl. 37 J. L*TUM (Wall. cat. no. 2859.) branches, calyxes, and young leaves downy ; leaves ovate, acuminated, almost glabrous in the adult state; corymbs terminal, trichotomous; bracteas and calycine teeth subulate ; calyx 7-toothed ; segments of corolla 7, lanceolate, acute. I? . w. S. Native of the Burman empire, in Pantang Creek on the Irrawaddy ; and at Amherst, on the Martaban. Flowers white. Pleasant Jasmine. Shrub cl. 38 J. GKA'CILE (Andr. rep. 127. R. Br. prod. p. 521.) twin- ing, glabrous ; leaves ovate, shining ; calyx short, campanulate, with very short teeth, 1? . w. G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic, of New South Wales, Norfolk Island, and the islands in the South Seas. J. geniculatum, Vent, choix, t. 8. J. lucidum, herb. Banks, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 132. Peduncles terminal; pedicels 3, 1 -flowered. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla white, 5-8-cleft, fragrant ; segments linear. Slender Jasmine. Fl. year. Clt. 1791. Shrub cl. 39 J. HAMILTON!! ; leaves elliptic, acuminated, glabrous, shin- ing ; peduncles terminal, solitary, trichotomous, 3-flowered ; ca- lycine teeth short, subulate; limb of corolla 8-1 0-parted, with linear, obtuse segments. Jj . w. G. Native of Upper Nipaul, at Suembu. Mogorium dichotomum, Hamilt. mss. J. dichoto- mum, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 105. but not of Vahl. Hamilton's Jasmine. Shrub cl. ? 62 JASMINEACE/E. I. JASMINUM. 40 J. VOLU'BILE (Jacq. hort. sehoenbr. 3. t. 321. fragtn. t. 44. f. 2.) twining, glabrous ; leaves ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; panicle terminal ; calyx 4-6-toothed ; corolla 6-8- cleft. fj . '"X G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pedun- cles many-flowered. Berries blue. Twining Jasmine. Shrub tw. 41 J. BECUSSA'TUM (Wall. cat. 2860.) branches villous ; leaves broad- ovate, acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base, downy on both surfaces, but especially beneath and on the nerves above; petioles short, villous ; corymbs terminal, villous, trichotomous ; calyx with a short tube, and subulate teeth ; segments of corolla 6-8, linear-lanceolate, acuminated. ^ • S. Native of the Bur- man Empire, on the banks of the Martaban, at Amherst. Flowers white. Divisions of calyx between teeth and segments, like those of the following species. Decussate-leaved Jasmine. Shrub erect ? 42 J. SYRINGJEKOLIUM (Wall. cat. no. 2861.) glabrous; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminated ; peduncles tricho- tomous, axillary and terminal, corymbose ; calyx campanulate, with 6 subulate teeth ; segments of corolla lanceolate-linear, acute, 5-7. I? . w- S. Native of the Burman empire at Am- herst, on the banks of the Martaban, and at Tavoy. Lilac-leaved Jasmine. Shrub cl. 43 J. DICHOTOMUM (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 26.) climbing, glabrous; leaves ovate, quite glabrous; panicles di-trichotomous ; calyx sub-campanulate, with subulate teeth. f? . ^,. S. Native of Guinea. Corolla an inch long, white, sweet-scented. Berries blue. Dic/iotomous Jasmine. Shrub cl. 44 J. HEYNEA'NUM ; glabrous; leaves ovate-roundish, acu- minated; peduncles axillary and terminal, trichotomous; calyx obsoletely 5-toothed ; segments of corolla acute ; berries twin, on clavate pedicels; bracteas minute. ^ . ^,. S. Native of the East Indies. J. undulatum, Heyne, herb, ex Wall. cat. 7125. but not of Vahl. Flowers white. Heyne's Jasmine. Shrub cl. 45 J. EXTE'NSUM (Wall. cat. no. 2862.) glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, bluntly acuminated, mucro- nate ; corymbs terminal, trichotomous ; calyx campanulate, with at first almost obsolete teeth, but which increase in size as well as the pedicels, as the fruit comes to maturity ; segments of corollas oblong-lanceolate, mucronate. I? . ,_,. S. Native of the Burman empire, on Mount Taong Dong. Flowers white. Extended Jasmine. Shrub cl. 46 J. ATTENUA'TUM (Roxb. herb. beng. ex Wall. cat. no. 2864.) glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, with re- volute edges, acuminated ; peduncles axillary and terminal, forming a loose, terminal panicle ; calyx campanulate, with short teeth ; segments of corolla 5, lanceolate, acuminated, fj . w. S. Native of Silhet. Leaves 5-6 inches long and 2-3 broad. The ./. /anceolatum, Roxb. fl. ind., is a variety of this, according to Wall. cat. 1. c. Flowers white. Attenuated-leaved Jasmine. Shrub cl. * * Leaves ternate, opposite. 47 J. AURICULAVTUM (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 1. enum. 1. p. 30.) leaves ternate, but those of the branchlets and flowers are sim- ple ; lateral leaflets small; calyx angular, with 5 minute gland- like teetl), and is, as well as the branchlets, which are terete, downy; corolla 7-cleft. F; . ^. G. Native of the Isle of France and Malabar. Ker. bot. reg. 264. J. trifoliatum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 7. Mogorium trifoliatum, Lam. ill. 1. p. 24. The whole shrub is clothed with greyish down. Panicle fastigiate ; pedun- cles trichotomous. Calycine segments obtuse. Segments of corolla 5-8, ovate, obtuse, oblong. Berries globular. Flowers small, white, disposed in trichotomous corymbs. Stigma clavate. Auricled-leaved Jasmine. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1790. Sh. tw. 48 J. FLE'XILE (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 1. enum. 1. p. 31.) climb- ing, glabrous ; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated ; racemes axil- lary, brachiate ; calyx campanulate ; with 5-6 minute, ovate teeth ; segments of corolla 7, shorter than the tube. fy . ,_,. S. Native of the East Indies, and the Mauritius. J. Mauritia- num, Hort. J. Travancorense, Herb. madr. Petioles twisted. Peduncles spreading, longer than the leaves ; partial ones 3- flowered. Corolla with a very long tube. ZJeraJ-petioled Jasmine. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1825. Sh. cl. 49 J. TORTUOSUM (Willd. enum. hort. berol. 1. p. 10.) twin- ing, glabrous ; leaflets lanceolate, mucronate : odd one the largest; branches downy. Tj • °- G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. J. flexile, Jacq. hort. schrenbr. 4. p. 46. t. 490. Leaves glabrous, but not shining, with a few hairs on the mid-rib beneath. Petioles downy. Corolla white, with lanceolatesegments. Twisted Jasmine. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub tw. 50 J. TRIFOLIA'TUM (Telfair. mss. ex Wall. cat. no. 2890.) branches, peduncles, petioles, and calyxes downy, as well as the leaves, in the young state ; leaves alternate, trifoliate ; leaflets ovate-roundish, obtuse : middle one on a longer petiole than the rest, glabrous in the adult state ; peduncles terminal and axil- lary, trichotomous, corymbose ; calyx 5-toothed ; segments of corolla 7-8, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse. ^ • w. S. Native of the Mauritius. Bracteas of 2 forms : upper ones subulate. Trifoliate Jasmine. Shrub cl. ? 51 J. NOCTIFLORUM (Afz. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 31.) leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated, 3-nerved, glabrous ; peduncles by threes, 3-flowered, terminal ; calyx denticulated. ^ . w. S. Native of Sierra Leone. Night-jlorvering Jasmine. Shrub cl. 52 J. AZO'RICUM (Vahl, enum. 1. p. 31.) leaflets ovate and subcordate, undulated ; branches terete ; calyx campanulate ; segments of corolla 5, equal in length to the tube. Jj . /"l- G. Native of the Azores, and Madeira. Sims, bot. mag. 1889. Ker. bot. reg. 89. J. trifoliatum. Mcench. Nyctanthes Azorica, Lin. spec. 1. p. 9 — Comm. hort. 1. p. 159. t. 82. Flowers white. Azorian Jasmine. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1724. Shrub tw. 53 J. CAPE'NSE (Thunb. prod. p. 2. fl. cap. 1. p. 41. Vahl, symb. 3. p. 32.) branchlets angular, and are, as well as the petioles and leaves glabrous ; leaflets ovate, sub-retuse, with an acumen ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; calyx tubular. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. J. angulare, Willd. spec. 1. p. 38. Branches tetra- gonal. Leaves glabrous ; margins of petioles pilose. Panicles terminal, trichotomous. Calyx 5-6-toothed, short ; teeth short. Segments of corolla 6-7, much shorter than the tube. Cape Jasmine. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub 5 feet. 54 J. DIDYMUM (Forst. prod. no. 8. Vahl, symb. 3. p. 2.) leaflets ovate-lanceolate ; racemes downy, axillary ; integument of seed reticulated and chinky. I? . G. Native of the Society Islands. Glabrous. Leaves 2 inches long, obscurely veined. Peduncles length of petioles. Calyx short, campanulate, with minute teeth. Didymous fruited Jasmine. Shrub. 55 J. LINEA'RE (R. Br. prod. p. 521.) leaves nearly opposite, downy ; leaflets linear, acute ; branches terete ; panicles axil- lary, trichotomous. ^ . lw). G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast. /.wear-leaved Jasmine. Shrub cl. 56 J. DIVARICAVTUM (R. Br. prod. p. 521.) glabrous in every part ; leaflets sub-ovate ; teeth of calyx obsolete ; integument of seed imperforated. I? . w. G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Lindl. bot. reg. 1291. Divaricate Jasmine. Shrub cl. 57 J. CAMPANULAVTUM (Link, jahrb. 1. 3. H. p. 30. enum. 1. p. 32.) leaflets oval, acuminated, apiculated, glabrous; calyx campanulate, glabrous, with very short segments ; panicle close ; branches terete, and are, as well as the petioles, downy. JASMINBACB.fi. I. JASMIXUM. ^ . rN. S. Native of? Leaflets unequal at the base, somewhat repand, having the veins confluent near the margin. Campanulate-ca\\\ed Jasmine. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl. 58 J. LANCEOLA'RIA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 97.) erect; leaves ternate ; leaflets lanceolate ; corymbs terminal. Jj . F. Native of Silhet, in the jungles and coppices. Lanceolate Jasmine. Clt. 1826. Shrub erect, 59 J. PAMCULA'TCM (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 97.) erect, polished in every part ; leaves ternate ; leaflets oval, bluntly acuminated; panicles terminal. Tj . G. Native of China. Lodd. bot. cab. 469. Flowers small, white, numerous. Panicked Jasmine. Fl. Jan. Cll. 1818. Shrub. 60 J. DISPE'RMI-M (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 99. pi. asiat. rar. 3. t. 274.) scandent, glabrous ; leaves opposite, pinnate, rarely ternate ; leaflets 5, rarely S, ovate-oblong or ovate-lan- ceolate, acuminated, cordate at the base, 3-5 -nerved ; corymbs terminal and lateral, brachiate ; calyx campanulate, with subu- late teeth ; segments of corolla 5, oblong, lanceolate, obtuse ; berries twin, 2-seeded. fj . ^,. G. Native of Nipaul, where it is called Goojee-soali, as well as of Kamaon and Sirmore. J. lati- folium, Hamilt. mss. J. quinquenerve, Lamb. herb. Branches angular. Leaves membranous ; lateral leaflets smaller. Flowers large, frajrant, white, with opposite subulate bracteas at their base. Pedicels short. Berries twin, 2-seeded. Tiro-seeded Jasmine. Clt. 1825. Shrub cl. * * * * Leares ternate, alternate. 61 J. VRC'TICANS (Lin. spec. 1. p. 9. syst. ed. 14. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 33.) leaves alternate, ternate, and simple ; leaflets obovate or cuneiform, obtuse ; branches angular ; calycine nents subulate. Tj . H. Native of the south of Europe, and throughout the Levant. Curt. bot. mag. 13. t. 461. Schmidt, aest. baumz. 3. t. 148. J. heterophyllum, Moench, — Lob. adv. p. 389. f. 390. Leaves glabrous. Peduncles ter- minal by threes. Corolla yellow : with oblong, obtuse segments. This jas mine is often planted against walls, pales, &c. It, how- ever answers better for shrubberies than the common jasmine. Shrubby Jasmine. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1570. Sh. 10 to 12 ft. 62 J. HU'MILE (Lin. spec. 1. p. 9. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 33.) leaves alternate, acute, ternate and pinnate ; branches angular ; calycine segments very short. tj . H. Native of Madeira. Ker. bot. reg. t. 350.— Besl. eyst. 40. f. 2. — Knor. thes. 1. t. 1. — Schmidt. se?tT. bauroz. t. 149. Plant glabrous. Peduncles ter- minal, tw in, or tern, 3-flowered. Corolla yellow : with oblong, obtuse segments. Humble or Italian Yellow Jasmine. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1656. Sh. erect, 3 to 4 feet. 63 J. ODORAiissiMUM (Lin. spec. p. 10. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 33.) leaves alternate, bluntish, ternate, and pinnate ; branches terete : calycine segments very short. ^ . ^. H. Native of Ma- deira. Curt. bot. mag. 8. t. 2R5. — Barr. icon. t. 62. Plant glabrous. Peduncles terminal, by threes, 3-flowered. Corolla yellow : with 5 oblong, obtuse segments, (f. 11.) Very sneet-tcented or Indian Yellow Jasmine. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1656. Shrub cl. 64 J. HETEROPHY'LLUM (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 99. and 164.) arboreous ; leaves alternate, simple, or ternate, oblong-elliptic or broad-ovate, acuminated, waved, lucid, firm, glabrous ; pani- 12 FIG. 11. cles terminal, trichotomous, fastigiate, corymbose, downv ; calyx urceolate, with short, subulate teeth ; segments of the corolla oblong, equal to the tube in length. I? . H. Native of Nipaul, where it is called Goojee and Jarana. Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 3. t. 275. J. arboreum, Hamilt. mss. This species grows to a middle- sized tree, with long, terete branches, which have a tendency to become rambling. Leaves varying in size and form. Flowers very numerous, yellow, fragrant. Parlous-leaved Jasmine. Fl. Ju). Aug. Clt. 1820. Tr. middle- sized. 65 J. CALLOPHT'LLUM (Wall. cat. no. 2889.) glabrous ; leaves alternate, trifoliate, on long petioles ; leaflets roundish-ovate, and ovate-lanceolate, shining, acuminated and mucronate, on long petiolules ; peduncles terminal, compound, trichotomously branched, with almost sessile flowers in the extreme forks, some- what racemose ; calyx slightly 5-toothed ; segments of corolla 5, acute, oblong-lanceolate. J; . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, on the mountains of Madura. Bracteas small, setaceous. Flowers white. Beauliful-leated Jasmine. Shrub cl. * * * * Leaves pinnate, opposite. 66 J. OFFICIXA LE (Lin. spec. 1. p. 9. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 34.) leaves opposite, pinnate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated ; buds erectisb. ^. v-,. H. Native of the south of Europe, in hedges. Curt. bot. mag. 1. t. 31. Lam. ill. t. 7. f. 1.— Bull. herb. t. 231. — Schmidt, aestr. baumz. 3. t. 150. Plant glabrous. Branches angular. Calycine segments 5, subulate. Corolla white, 4-5-cleft, sweet-scented. Terminal leaflet the longest. The common jasmine has been a favourite wall shrub from time immemorial. Its native country, as well as the date of its intro- duction, are unknown. Gerarde, in 1597, says it was in com- mon use for covering arbours. There are golden and silver- edged-leaved varieties of the common jasmine, as well as a double-flowered variety. Common Jasmine. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1548. Shrub cl. 67 J. GRANTHFLORUM (Lin. spec. 1. p. 9.) leaves opposite, pinnate ; leaflets bluntish, outer 3-5 confluent ; buds horizontal. ^ . v_/. S. Native of the East Indies. Ker. bot. reg. 91. J. Hispanicum, Hort. — Rheed. mal. 6. t. 52. — Merian. sur. t. 46. — Knor. thes. 1. t. 1. Very like /. officinal^, but differs in the equal size of the leaflets, and in the exterior ones being confluent, and in the flowers being larger, and rddish underneath. Great-jloKered or Catalonian Jasmine. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1629. Shrub cl. 68 J. AC'REUM (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 106.) leaves oppo- site ; leaflets 9-11, ovate, acute, almost sessile, 3-nerved, gla- brous ; panicles terminal and lateral, few-flowered, glabrous ; branches 5-angled, glabrous. Fj . H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers yellow. GoWew-flowered Jasmine. Shrub. 69 J. BIGKOSIA'CEUM (Wall. cat. no. 2886.) leaves opposite, pinnate ; leaflets small, oblong, or oblong-obovate, or attenuated at both ends, glabrous : odd one usually acuminated ; peduncles aggregate, 3-flowered, terminal ; corolla funnel-shaped, with roundish-reniform short segments ; calyx 5-toothed. (j . G. Native of the Nellighery mountains, where it was collected by Noton. The leaflets are sometimes binate. Bignonia-like Jasmine. Shrub. ****** Leaves pinnate, alternate. 70 J. NERVOSUM (Lour. coch. p. 29.) scandent, glabrous ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, 3-nerved, shining ; calycine segments 5-8, subulate ; segments of corolla 5-8, ob- long, obtuse, fj . ^,. H. Native of Cochinchina, in hedges. Flowers white, scentless. Branches terete. Flowers terminal. 64 JASMINEACE^l. I. JASMINUM. II. NYCTANTHES. STRYCHNACEJS. I. STRYCHNOS. Nerved-\eaved Jasmine. Shrub cl. 71 .1. REVOLUTUM (Ker. hot. reg. 178. Sims, bot. mag. 1731.) erect; leaves alternate, pinnate; leaflets 5-7, ovate- lanceolate, or elliptic, glabrous, on short petiolules ; corymbs terminal, compound; calycine teeth very short, mucronate ; branches angular, glabrous. ^ . F. Native of the mountainous countries north of Hindostan, and of Nipaul, &c. Lodd. bot. cab. 966. J. chrysanthemum, Roxb. fl. ind. l.p. 93. Leaves shining. Flowers bright yellow, very fragrant. Segments of corolla 5, obtuse. Stigma clavate. fievolute-]eave& Jasmine. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1812. Sh. cl. 72 J PUBIGERUM (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 106.) leaves alter- nate, pinnate ; leaflets 7, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acuminated, sessile, downy while young ; branches angular, downy ; pedun- cles elongated, 1 -flowered, terminal, sub-corymbose, downy; teeth of calyx short ; segments of corolla 5-6, obtuse. Pj . F. Native of Nipaul, where it is called Chimali-swa. J. Walli- chianum, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1409. Terminal leaflet longer and more attenuated than the lateral ones. Flowers yellow, smaller than those of J. revolulum, to which it is very nearly allied. Pubigerous Yellow Jasmine. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1827. Sh. cl. Cult. The hardy species of Jasmine are well adapted for training against walls or trellis work ; they will grow in any com- mon soil, and are easily increased by ripe cuttings planted under a hand-glass. The greenhouse kinds grow freely in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat, and ripened cuttings are easily struck in the same kind of soil, or in sand, under a hand-glass, in a little heat. II. NYCTA'NTHES (from w£, VVKTOS, nux, nuctos, night; and avOog, anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the flowers opening at the approach of night, and falling off at the break of day ; hence the name arbor tristis, which is given to the species.) Lin. gen. no. 21. Juss. 104. — Parilium, Gaertn. t. 51. — Sca- brha, Schreb. no. 154. Gaertn. 1. t. 138. LIN. SYST. Diandria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, slightly 5-toothed. Corolla salver-shaped. Stigma capitate, glan- dular. Capsule superior, obcordate, compressed, 2-celled, 2- valved; cells 1 -seeded. Embryo erect, without albumen. — An erect, spreading shrub, with opposite simple leaves, and large terminal panicles of flowers 1. N. A'HBOR-TRisTis(Lin. spec. p. 8. syst. 56.) T? . S. Native of the East Indies. Ker. bot. reg. 399. Parilium arbor tristis, Gaertn. sem. 1. p. 234. t. 51. Scabrita scabra, Lin.syst. 115. ed. 12; Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 265. t. 138. Scabrita triflora, Lin. mant. 1. p. 37. Manga pumerum, Rheed. mal. 1. p. 35. t. 21. Sephalica Asiat. res. 4. p. 244. Branches tetragonal. Leaves on short petioles, cordate, acuminated, entire, or coarsely serrated, scabrous. Inflorescence a large terminal, leafy, cross-armed panicle, composed of small, 5-flowered, terminal umbellets. Flowers numerous, middle sized, exquisitely fragrant, open at sunset, and fall off at sunrise. Involucra of the umbellets 4- leaved. Corolla with an orange-coloured tube, and a white bor- der ; segments of the limb 6-7, twisted, triangular, or obliquely lobed, having the outer margin scolloped. The flowers of this tree are exquisitely fragrant, partaking of the smell of fresh honey, and on that account the plant is much esteemed ; for when destitute of flowers, it has but an indifferent appearance. The orange tubes of the flowers dye a most beautiful buff or orange colour, with the various shades between them, according to the preparation and mode of conducting the operation ; but, unfortunately, no way has yet been discovered of rendering this elegant colour durable. Sad-Tree. Fl. July. Clt. 1781. Tree 10-18 feet. Cult. This tree grows freely in loam and peat, but seldom produces flowers in England. Cuttings, not too ripe, root rea- dily in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. ORDER CL. STRYCHNA'CE^E (this order only contains the genus Strychnos.) Strychneae. Calyx 4-5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped ; with a cylindrical tube, and a 4-5-parted border ; segments narrow, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 4-5 ; filaments very short ; anthers sub- sagittate or oblong. Ovarium superior, 2-celled ; ovula nume- rous, attached to fleshy receptacles down to the middle of the partition. Berries large, 2-celled, but in the more advanced state only 1 cell can be detected ; covered by a hard, brittle rind. Seeds few, or numerous, flattened, peltate, broad, nest- ling in gelatinous pulp ; integument double. Embryo straight, furnished with albumen, having the radicle pointing to the hilum, centripetal ; and the cotyledons often 3-nerved. Shrubs erect or rambling, either with or without tendrils. Leavesopposite, 3-nerved, or triple-nerved, rarely feather-nerved. Flowers small, white, or greenish white, disposed in terminal and axillary pedunculate corymbs. The well-known Nux-vomica, and the Clearing-nut of the East Indies, are species of Strychnos : the fruit is remarkable for its bitterness, and acrid deleterious effects, which are indicated, not only when introduced into the stomach, but still more violently when introduced into the system by inoculation. Synopsis of the genera. 1 STRY'CHNOS. Calyx 5 -parted. Corolla funnel-shaped. Sta- mens 5, on short filaments, inserted in the top of the tube. Berry 1-2 celled. Seeds nestling in the pulp, flat, peltate. — Leaves 3 or triple-nerved. 2 PICROPHLOJ'US. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens 5, short, inserted at the base of the corolla. Berry 2- celled, many-seeded. Seeds variously angled. — Leaves veiny. 3 CYRTOPHY'LLUM. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens 5, exserted, inserted in the upper part of the tube. Berry 2-celled, many seeded. Seeds peltate. 4 LASIOSTOMA. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla with a short tube, and a 4-cleft limb ; lobes villous. Stamens 4, exserted, inserted in the tube. Capsule 1 -celled, ex Kunth, 2-celled, ex Meyer, 1-2-seeded. Seeds convex on one side, and flat on the other. — Leaves triple-nerved. 5 GARDNE'RIA. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla rotate, with a short tube, and a 4-parted limb. Stamens 4, inclosed. Berry 2- celleil, 2-seeded. Seeds orbicular, compressed. — Leaves fea- ther-nerved. I. STRY'CHNOS (x»'oe is the Greek name of Solanum, applied to this genus by Theophrastus.) Lin. gen. no. 253. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 476. t. 179. Juss. gen. 149. R. Br. prod, p. 469. Ignatia, Lour. coch. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla tubular, funnel-shaped : with a 5-parted, spreading limb, valvate in aestivation. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat of the corolla. Ovarium 2-celled, many-seeded. Style one ; stigma capitate. Berry globose, pulpy inside, with a crustaceous rind. Seeds fixed to a central placenta, peltate, with copious albumen. Embryo foliaceous, with a common radical. — Non-lactescent STRYCHNACE.E. I. STRYCHNOS. 65 trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, usually nerved. Flowers corymbose. * Tendrils none. 1 S. Nu'x-VoiucA (Lin. spec. 271.) leaves 3-5-nerved, oval, shining ; berries many-seeded. ^ . S. Native of the coast of Coromandel. Woodv. med. hot. 2. p. 29. t. 223. Church, et Stev. med. bot. 2. t. 52. Roxb. cor. 1. p. 8. t. 4. Garni, fruct. t. 179. f. 7. Hayne, darst. t. 17. Plenck, icon. 117. Caniram, Rheed. mal. 1. p. 67. t. 37. Blackw. t. 395. Caniram vomiquier, Pet. Th. diet. sc. no. 1. Colubrini ligni tertium, genus in Malabar, Bauh. pin. p. 301. The tree is called Koochila by the Bengalese, and Mtisadi by the Telingas. Leaves smooth, shining, from 1^ to 4 inches long. Stipulas wanting. Flowers small, greenish white, collected into terminal corymbs. Anthers half within the tube, and half out. Berry round, smooth, size of a pretty large apple, orange-coloured, when ripe. The wood of this tree being hard and durable, is used for many purposes by the natives. It is exceedingly bitter, particularly that of the root, which is used to cure intermitting fevers, and the bite of venomous snakes, when that of Naga- Musadi, the S. colubrina, cannot be had. The seeds are em- ployed in the distillation of country spirits, to render them more intoxicating. The pulp of the fruit seems perfectly innocent, as it is greedily eaten by many sorts of birds. Nux \ omica is one of the narcotic acrid class of poisons, and seems to have a direct power over the spinal cord. It produces laborious perspiration, which is followed by torpor, trembling, coma, convulsions, and death. M. Drapiez has ascertained, by numerous experiments, that the fruit of FeuUlea cordijolia is a powerful antidote against this, and other vegetable poisons. For a century Nux I omica has been known as a powerful medi- cine, and is employed in a vast variety of diseases, with different degrees of success. M. Majendie discovered that the plant possessed the singular effect of strongly affecting the spinal marrow, without affecting, except indirectly, the function of the brain ; and it was conjectured by him, that it might be turned to advantage in the cure of diseases. This conjecture has since been amply confirmed. M. Majendie, ignorant of Dr. Fouquier's published cases, succeeded in curing persons of paralysis ; and has since given the alcaholic extract of -Vux J'omica, not merely to palsies, both partial and general, but also to various other kinds of local and general debility. Strychnine is a preparation of .Vuj: f 'omica. f'omit-Xut, or Poison Nut. Clt. 1788. Tree middle-sized. 2 S. roTATORCM (Lin. spec. p. 227.) leaves opposite, from ovate to oval, glabrous, pointed ; bark deeply cracked ; berries 1-seeded. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies, in mountains and woods of great extent. Lin. suppl. p. 148. Roxb. cor. 1. p. 9. t. 5. Strychnos Tettan-cotta, Retz. obs. 2. p. 12. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 477. t. 179. Caniram Titan-cotta, Pet. Th. diet. des. sc. no. 2. The Hindoo and Bengalese name of the tree is Nirmulee; it is called Induga by the Telingas, and Tettan- Kotta by the Tamuls. The leaves cannot be either said to be 3-nerved or triple-nerved. Stipulas connecting. Corymbs from the tops of the last year's shoots, round the base of the present year's, bearing, in a ternary order, many small, greenish yellow, fragrant flowers. Berry shining, black when ripe. The wood of this, like that of the former, is hard and durable, and is used for various economical purposes. The pulp of the fruit, when ripe, is eaten by the natives, although not very agreeable to Europeans. The ripe seeds are dried, and sold in every market, to clear muddy water. The natives never drink clear well- water, if they can get pond or river water, which is always more or less impure. One of the seeds is well rubbed, for a minute or two, round the inside of the vessel containing the water, gene- rally an unglazed earthen one, which is then left to settle ; in a VOL. IV. very short time the impurities fall to the bottom, leaving the water clear, and perfectly wholesome. These seeds are gene- rally carried about by the more provident part of our officers and soldiers, in time of war, to enable them to purify their •water. They are easier to be obtained than alum, and are pro- bably less hurtful to the constitution. Drinker t' Strychnos or Clearing Nut. Clt. 1794. Tree 15 to 20 feet. 3 S. OVALIFOLIA (Wall. cat. no. 1592.) leaves oval, tapering to both ends, acuminated; peduncles axillary, corymbose; fruit size of a small cherry, t; . S. Native of Penang. Leaves with three principal nerves. S. laurlna, Wall. cat. no. 1591, a native of Tavoy, does not appear to differ much from the present species, unless in the peduncles being branched and panicled. Oval-leaced Strychnos. Shrub cl ? 4 S. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (Pet. Th. ex Poir. diet. 8. p. 696.) leaves ovate, acute ; corolla quadrifid, with a villous throat ; fruit very large, 1-seeded. ^ . S. Native of Madagascar, about Foul-Point. Caniram de Madagascar, Pet. Th. 1. c. no. 3. Flowers in axillary bracteate corymbs, at the tops of the branches. Very nearly allied to S. potaionun. Madagascar Strychnos. Clt. 1823. Tree. 5 S. SPIXOSA (Lam. ill. no. 2449. Poir. diet. 8. p. 697.) branches spiny ; leaves obovate, acute or acuminated ; corolla with a bearded throat, hardly longer than the calyx. 1? . S. Native of Madagascar, in sand, on the shore. Caniram, Voutac. Pet. Th. I.e. no. 4. Voutaca, Flacourt, mad. p. 121.no. 13. — Pluk. phyt. t. 170. f. 4. Leaves glabrous, 3 inches long, and 2 broad, 5-nerved. Spines (abortive tendrils) longer than the petioles, axillary. Corymbs axillary, at the top of the branches, with opposite peduncles. Corolla tubularly ventricose, small. Fruit globose, many-seeded, 8 inches in diameter, at length orange-coloured . Spiny Strychnos. Clt. 1818. Tree 10 to 12 feet, cl. 6 S. LU'CIDA (R. Br. prod. p. 469.) leaves ovate, acutish, coriaceous, 3-nerved ; nerves bipartite. J? . G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Shining-leaved Strychnos. Shrub. 7 S. IGNA'TII (Berg. mat. med. p. 149.) leaves ovate, acute, glabrous ; berry pear-shaped, many-seeded ; peduncles axillary, about 4-flowered. 1? . ^. S. Native of Cochinchina, and the Philippine Islands. Ignatia amara, Lin. suppl. p. 149. Gaertn. fruct. t. 179. f. 8. Ignatiana Philippinica, Lour. coch. p. 125. Caniram de St. Ignatio, Pet. Th. 1. c. no. 6. Camelli, Phil, trans. 21. t. 1. f. 46. Branches sarmentose, scandent. Leaves a span long, veiny. Panicles small, axillary, composed of 3-4 -flowered peduncles. Flowers long, drooping, white, with the scent of jasmine. Fruit ovate, attenuated at the neck, size of a Bon Chretien pear. Loureiro, however, says that the fruit is rounded, attenuated at the neck, dry. Seeds ovate, trigonal, of a dry, very bitter substance. St. Ignatius' t Bean. Shrub cl. • * Tendrils present. 8 S. COLVBRISA (Lin. spec. 271.) scandent; tendrils sim- ple ; leaves from oval to oblong, bluntly acuminated, triple- nerved, polished ; berries many-seeded. Ij . w. S. Native of the coast of Coromandel, and of Silhet. Plenck, off. t. 118. Modira Caniram, Rheed. mal. 8. t. 24. Caniram a Crochet, Pet. Th. 1. c. no. 5. Arbor ligni Colubrini, Rumph. amb. 2. t. 37. Tendrils lateral, becoming thick and woody. Corymbs terminal, small, composed of 2-3 pairs of villous branches. Stipulas none. Flowers small, greenish yellow. Leaves 3-6 inches long, and 2-3 broad. Berry often as large as an orange : rind yellowish. The tree is called by the Bengalese Kooch'da- luta, and by the Telingas Naga-Musadi. (Naga, or Tansoopaun, K STRYCHNACEiE. II. PICROPHLCEUS. III. CYRTOPHYLLUM. IV. LASIOSTOMA. V. GARDNERIA. in the Telinga language, means the Cobra de Capella, or Coluber naga, Lin. Tansoo means dancing, undpaun, a serpent, this sort being famous for erecting its head, and moving it from side to side, at the sound of music.) This species yields the real, or, at least, another kind of Lignum Colubrmum. The wood of the sort is esteemed, by the Telinga physicians, an infallible remedy for the bite of the Naga, as well as for that of every other venomous snake. It is applied externally, and at the same time given internally. It is also given in substance, for the cure of intermitting fevers. Roxb. mss. in fl. ind. 2. p. -265. Snake-vioo&, or Lignum Colubrinum. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 9 S. AXILLA'RIS (Colbr. in Lin. trans. 12. p. 351-355. t. 15. Blum, bijdr. 1019.) leaves ovate, or oblong-lanceolate, acumi- nate ; tendrils axillary, simple, thickened, downy ; berry oval, 1 -seeded. Jj . w. S. Native of the mountainous countries north and east of Silhet, in Bengal, where it is called Hur-cucldla, or Har-cuchila ; and of the island of Nusa-Kambanga. Branches dichotomous, downy while young. Leaves glossy, villous while young, triple-nerved, sometimes also 3 -nerved, twice as long as the interstices. Stipulas none, except a downy axillary margin, which connects the base of the petioles. Fascicles of flowers crowded, round, twice as long as the petioles. Axils of the principal nerves of the leaves, as also the petioles, downy. ^n^ary-flowered Strychnos. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl. 10 S. TIEU'TE (Leschen. ann. du mus. 16. p. 480. t. 23.) Blum, bijdr. 1019.) leaves elliptic, short-acuminate, 3-nerved, glabrous ; tendrils simple, thickened, opposite the solitary leaves. Fj . S. Native of Java, where it is called Tjetlek, or Upas Tieute. Bark of stem rufescent; wood cream-coloured, spongy. Branches green. Leaves 3-nerved, glabrous, green. Fruit globose, many-seeded. This tree is said to be very poisonous, and is probably the true Upas tree of Java. Tieute Strychnos. Shrub cl. US. BICIRRHOSA (Lesch. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 267.) leaves elliptic, cuspidately acute, triple-nerved; tendrils bifid, opposite the leaves, with thickened divisions ; berry globular, 1-seeded. Jj . w. S. Native in forests near Koudracotta, about 20 miles south of Tanjore. Tendrils with a pair of scale-formed bracteas under the divisions. Glabrous in every part. Two-tendrilled Strychnos. Shrub cl. 12 S. NITIDA ; leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acuminate, with 3 principal nerves, and 2 small lateral ones ; tendrils oppo- site the leaves, bifid at apex, having the lobes clavate and curved at top, without any small process between them, as in S. bicirrhbsa. Lesch. I? . w. S. Native of the East Indies, on the Pundua mountains. Peduncles long, corymbose at top. S. lucida, Wall. cat. no. 1590, but not of R. Br. v\\of, phyllon, a leaf; in reference to the leaves of the first species being convex on the upper side.) Reinwdt. herb, ex Blum, bijdr. p. 1022. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Flowers inferior, ac- cording to Blum. ; but, according to Reinwdt, superior. Calyx 5-parted, imbricate, permanent. Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb 5-parted. Stamens 5, exserted ; filaments inserted in the upper part of the tube ; anthers incumbent, emarginate at the base. Style filiform ; stigma bluntish. Berry 2-celled, many-seeded ; receptacle fleshy, fixed to the dissepiment. — Hardly lactescent trees ; with opposite, coriaceous, glabrous leaves ; and axillary and terminal corymbose inflorescence. 1 C. PEREGRINUM (Reinwdt. ex Blum, bijdr. p. 1022.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, convex above, and concave beneath. Jj . G. Native of Japan and China. Foreign Cyrtophyllum. Fl. year. Tree. 2 C. SPECIOSUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 1022.) leaves broad-lanceo- late, much acuminated, flat. (? . S. Native of Java, in woods on Mounts Salak and Cede, where it is called Kiminjak. Showy Cyrtophyllum. Fl. June, Aug. Tree. Cult. See Strychnos, above, for culture and propagation. IV. LASIO'STOMA (from Xao-toc, lasios, woolly ; and oropj, stoma, a mouth ; mouth of corolla.) Schreb. gen. no. 180. Meyer, ess. p. H3. H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 209. — Rouhamon, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 93. t. 36. Lam. ill. t. 81. LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, bibrac- teate at the base ; segments acute. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube short ; limb quadrifid : lobes acute, villous. Stamens 4, in- serted in the tube, exserted ; anthers oblong, 2-celled. Ovarium ovate. Style one; stigma ovate. Capsule orbicular, 1-celled, ex Kunth. 2-celled, ex Meyer, 2-seeded. Seeds ovate, convex on one side, and flat on the other. — Cirrhiferous, climbing shrubs, full of yellowish, poisonous juice ; having the branches opposite : and the tendrils axillary, solitary, thickened, and spirally convolute at top. Leaves opposite, quite entire, triple- nerved. Corymbs axillary, opposite, bracteate. Flowers small, white. Capsules yellowish. 1 L. CURA'RE (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. 7. p. 210.) leaves oblong, triple-nerved; flowers corymbose. T? . w. S. Native of South America, near Esmeraldo, in the missions of the Orinoco. Curare, or Bejuco de Mavacure, Humb. relat. hist. 2. p. 547. Curare Lasiostoma. Shrub cl. 2 L. DIVARICA'TA (Meyer, ess. p. 83.) leaves obovate-oblong, triple-nerved; flowers racemosely corymbose. ^ • w S. Native of tropical America. Divaricate Lasiostoma. Shrub cl. 3 L. ciRRH6sA(Pers. ench. l.p. 1 34.) leaves elliptic, 3-nerved ; corymbs sessile. f; . ,_,. S. Native of Guiana. Rouhamon Guianensis, Aubl. 1. c. Lam. 1. c. Tendrilled Lasiostoma. Shrub cl. Cult. For culture and propagation, see Strychnos, above. V. GARDNE'RIA (this genus is dedicated to Hon. Edward Gardner, late resident at the court of the Rajah of Nipaul, STRYCHNACE^E. V. GARDNERIA. VI. DICARYUM. POTALIACE^E. I. POTALIA. 67 by whose indefatigable exertions and liberality the Botanic Gar- dens at Calcutta, as well as those of Britain, have been enriched by many splendid additions of plants and seeds, the productions of Nipaul.) Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 401 and 2. p. 318. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 132. Cyathospermum, Wall. mss. Lix. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 4-5-toothed. Corolla rotate, with a 4-5-parted limb, and a short tube ; valvate in aestivation. Stamens 4-5 ; filaments very short, flat ; anthers oblong, convex outside, flattish inside, 2-celled, closely com- bined into a cone : having the valves membranous and involute after dehiscence. Style subulate, straight, shorter than the sta- mens, with a furrow on each side ; stigma acute. Ovarium superior. Berry ^-celled, 2-seeded. Seeds compressed, orbi- cular ; testa simple, adhering closely to the albumen, which is copious, white and horny, pellucid and dotted. Embryo straight, basilar. Cotyledons ovate. — Climbing, much branched shrubs, glabrous in every part. Leaves opposite, ex-stipulate, elliptic, acuminated, rather coriaceous, quite entire, shining, pe- tiolate. Peduncles axillary, opposite, trichotomous, 3-flowered, or simple 1 -flowered, glabrous, shorter than the leaves. Flowers white, twice the size of those of the Cynanchum vincetoxicum. I G. OVA'TA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 400. 2. p. Si 8.) leaves elliptic, acuminate, acute at the base ; peduncles tricho- tomous, 3-flowered ; flowers tetrandrous ; seeds concave inside. I; . ^,. S. Native of Silhet, in Bengal. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. p. 17. t. 231. Leaves pale beneath, having the nerves united by sub-marginal arches; petioles widening at the base, and sur- rounding the branches, concealing in their axils a few withering ciliae. Placenta fleshy, short, originating from the centre of the dissepiment. Anthers combined. Orflfe-leaved Gardneria. Shrub cl. 9. G. AXGUSTIFOLIA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 318.) leaves narrow-lanceolate, tapering into a narrow acumen ; flowers solitary, axillary, pentandrous ; anthers distinct. tj . w. S. Native of Nipaul. Leaves 5 inches long, and 1 inch in breadth. Petioles as in the preceding. Flowers nodding in aestivation, tetrandrous and pentandrous. Stigma 2-lobed. Berry scarlet, as large as a marrow-fat pea, but in all other respects like that of G. ovata. Narrow-hated Gardneria. Shrub, cl. 3 G. GLA^BRA (Wall. mss. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 132.) leaves elliptic, acuminated, obtuse at the base ; peduncles 1- Howered, simple : seeds flat inside. F? . w. S. Native of Silhet. The flowers and seeds are larger than in G. ovuta. It is probably the same as G. angustijolia. Glabrous Gardneria. Shrub cl. 4 G. WALLICHII (Wight, herb, ex Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. p. 49. t. 281.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered, or bifid, each division bearing 3 flowers ; corollas den>ely villous above ; anthers 4, combined. ^ . w. S. Native of the East Indies, on mountains at Salem, Wight. Wallich's Gardneria. Shrub cl. Cult. For culture and propagation, see Stry'chnos, p. 66. t A genus doubtful whether belonging to the present order. VI. DICA'RYUM (from cic, dis, double ; and Kapvov, karyon, a nut ; drupe containing 2 nuts.) Herb. Willd. ex Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 802. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed, per- manent. Corolla 5-toothed ; with a pilose throat. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat. Style thick, subulate ; stigma obtuse. Drupe containing -2 2-celled, 1-2-seeded nuts South Ame- rican trees ; with opposite leaves ; and terminal, panicles, or axillary racemes of flowers. This genus is said by D. C. to belong to Strychnacece, but it is hardly known. 1 D. SUBDENTA'TUM (Willd. herb. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acutely toothed, shining above; racemes terminal. ^ . S. Native of South America, at Pichincha. Humb. et Bonp. Leaves coria- ceous, with protuberances at the base of the petioles, reticulately veined, pale beneath. Subdentate-\eaved Dicaryum. Tree or shrub. 2 D. SERRULA'TUM (Willd. herb. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acumi- nated, serrulated ; panicles axillary, fj . S. Native of South America, on Mount Quindiu. Humb. et Bonp. Serrulated-leaved Dicaryum. Tree or shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Strychnos, p. 66. ORDER CLI. POTALLVCEjE (so called in consequence of the order agreeing with the genus Potolia in important charac- ters.) Potalieae, Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 133. Flowers of unequal parts. Calyx 4-5-6-parted. Corolla tubular, with a nearly equal limb, which is from 5-12-cleft, twisted and imbricate in aestivation. Stamens rising from the tube of the corolla ; pollen elliptic, simple. Style continuous : stigma simple. Berry 2-4-celled. Seeds numerous, peltate, fixed to the placentas, which are central. Testa double. Em- bryo heterotropus, in cartilaginous albumen — Glabrous, some- what lactescent shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, quite entire, joined- by interpetiolar sheathing stipulas. Flowers disposed in terminal panicled corymbs, bracteate. This order is easily distinguished from Apocy'nece, from which it is broke off, in the parts of the flowers being unequal, in the double testa to the seed, and especially in the petioles being joined by interpetiolar stipulas, as in Rubiacece. Synopsis of the genera. 1 POTA'LIA. Calyx 4-parted. Limb of corolla 10-parted, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 10; filaments combined by an annular membrane. Berry 2-celled. 2 ANTHOCLEI'STA. Calyx 4-parted. Limb of corolla 12-cleft, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 12, combined. Berry 2-celled. 3 FAGR^A. Calyx 5-parted. Limb of corolla 5-6-parted. imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 5, unconnected. Berry 2-celled. I. POTA\LIA (Guiana name of the first species). Anbl. guian. 1. p. 396. t. 151. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 89. — Nicandra, Schreb. gen. no. 714. LIN. SYST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx coloured, tur- binate, 4-parted. Corolla tubular ; limb 1 0-cleft ; segments imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 10, rising from the tube of the corolla ; filaments combined by an annular membrane at the base ; anthers linear. Style short ; stigma capitately pel- tate, lobed. Berry 2-celled, many-seeded, umbonate, angular. Seeds angular, rising from 2 basilar placentas. — Nearly simple glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite and decussate, large, entire, joined by an interpetiolar sheath at the base. Flowers of a beautiful colour, disposed in terminal corymbose panicles, fur- nished with scale-like bracteas. 1 P. AMA'RA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 396. t. 151.) leaves opposite, decussate, obovate, pointed ; calyx yellow ; corolla white. J? . S. Native of Guiana, in extensive forests. Nicandra amara, Gmel. syst. 677. Stem simple. Leaves \\ foot long and 5 inches broad. Berry yellow, fleshy, size of a cherry. All parts of the plant are bitter ; the leaves and tender twigs are used in venereal cases; and where there is suspicion of poison, it being highly emetic in large doses. Bitter Potalia. Shrub. K 2 68 POTALIACE^:. II. ANTHOCLEISTA. III. FAGMA. 2 B. RESIN!FERA (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 90. t. 170.) leaves opposite, oblong-obovate ; calyx yellow ; corolla green, fj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro, at Villa Barra do Rio Negro. Stem simple. An infusion of the leaves is rather mucilaginous, and somewhat astringent ; and is used as a lotion to weak eyes. Resin-bearing Potalia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Fagrce'a, p. 69. II. ANTHOCLEI'STA (from avOoe, anthos, a flower, and icXeioroe, kleistos, shut up ; corolla shut up by the crown in the throat). Afz. ex R. Br. LIN. SYST. Dodecdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted. Co- rolla tubular ; limb 12-cleft, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 12, combined. Style filiform ; stigma capitate, obtusely 2- lobed. Berry roundish or oblong, size of a cherry, 2-celled ? 4-celled. ? — Middle-sized branching trees ; with broad, oppo- site leaves, which are combined at the base by interpetiolar sheaths ; and terminal panicled corymbs of white flowers. 1 A. NOBILIS ; leaves broad, obovate, coriaceous, almost sessile, f? . S. Native of Sierra Leone, on the mountains. Corolla white. Noble Authocleista. Tree 20 feet. 2 A. MACROPHY'LLA (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. 471.) leaves broad-obovate, obtuse, membranous. ^ . S. Native of Sierra Leone, on the mountains. Berry 4-celled. Leaves as large as those of the common cabbage. Large-leaved Anthocleista. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Fagrce'a, p. 69. III. FAGR^A (so named by Thunberg in honour of Jonas Theodore Fagraeus, M. D.). Thunb. nov. gen. 34. Schreb. gen. no. 276. LIN. SYST. Penta-Hexdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, imbricate. Corolla funnel-shaped : with an imbricate, 5-G-cleft limb : tube widening from the base. Stamens 5-6, inserted in the mouth of the tube, and protruding beyond it. Style fili- form; stigma peltately orbicular. Berry small, 2-4-celled. Seeds angular. — Trees or shrubs, with opposite, broad, coriaceous leaves ; with interpetiolar stipulas ; and terminal flowers. Brae- teas opposite. * Erect shrubs and trees. 1 F. ZEYLA'NICA (Lin. syst. 198. Thunb. nov. gen. 35. and in act. holm. 1782. p, 132. t. 4') shrubby, erect; stem sub- quadrangular ; leaves crowded, obovate-oblong, obtuse ; brae- teas ovate, obtuse ; flowers few, terminal, umbellate. ^ . S. Native of Ceylon. Willughbeia Zeylanica, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 672. Leaves a span long. Flowers large. Segments of co- rolla oblique, obtuse, entire. Seeds orbiculate. Ceylon Fagraea. Fl. Dec. Shrub 2-4 feet. 2 F. FRA'GRANS (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 32.) arboreous ; leaves lanceolate, bluntly acuminated ; corymbs axillary, decompound ; stamens ascending ; corollas large. fj . S. Native of China, but now cultivated in Pulo Penang. Leaves decussate, j foot long and 1^ inch broad. Petioles enlarged at the base into a stem-clasping ring, which, in the dried specimens, are incrusted with a clear yellow resin. Flowers small, numerous, whitish yellow. Corolla having a tube between campanulate and fun- nel-shaped : and ovate-oblong divisions. Berry size of a cur- rant, red. Fragrant Fagraea. Tree middle-sized. 3 F. LANCEOLA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1021.) arboreous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, almost veinless ; stipulas petiolar, rounded at the apex ; peduncles terminal, solitary, twin, or tern. Tj . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods on the west side of the island, where it is called Kiterong ; and of Penang. Wall. cat. no. 1599. Leaves smaller than in most of the species. Z/anceotoe-leaved Fagraea. Fl. Nov. Dec. Tree. 4 F. ELLIPTICA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 32.) leaves broad-elliptic, on short petioles, firm ; corymbs terminal, supra-decompound ; tube of corolla cylindrical. Tj . S. Native of the Moluccas. Elliptic- leaved Fagreea. Tree or shrub. 5 F. OBOVA'TA (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 33.) arboreous ; leaves ovate or obovate, crowded, rounded, with a short broad point, petiolate ; peduncles terminal, 3-flowered, sub-corymbose. Jj . S. Native of Silhet, and Singapore. Branches obscurely 4-sided. Leaves 5-6 inches long, thick. Petioles furnished with a few glandular ciliae, connected by interpetiolar stipu- las. Flowers white, fragrant, coriaceous, as large as those of Plumiera acuminata, but much smaller than those of F. Zey- lanica. Calycine segments ovate, obtuse. Berry 4-celled, many-seeded. Seeds immersed in soft pulp. Perhaps the same as F. Zeylanica. Obovate-le&ved Fagraea. Tree. 6 F. MALAYA'NA (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 91.) leaves elliptic, rounded at both ends, with a short acumen at the apex ; calyx 5-cleft, as in the rest ; corolla tubular, 6-cleft ; stamens 6. tj . S. Native of the Prince of Wales's Island. Perhaps the same as F. elliptica. Malay Fagraea. Shrub or tree. 7 F. RACEMOSA (Jack, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 35.) shrubby, erect ? ; leaves broad, oval, rounded at both ends, almost sessile ; racemes drooping, terminal, shorter than the leaves, consisting of opposite fascicles of sub-sessile flowers, (7 . S. Native of Penang. Leaves 6-7 inches long, and 4-5 wide, obtuse, or slightly pointed, united by interpetiolar stipulary processes. Calycine segments oval, obtuse. Segments of corolla obovate, crenulated. Stamens at first descending, afterwards ascending. ^acewitwe-flowered Fagraea. Shrub. * * A climbing shrub. 8 F. VOLUBILIS (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 36.) shrubby, climbing ; leaves ovate or obovate, petiolate ; racemes terminal, loose, longer than the leaves, composed of remote, small ra- cemules of pedicellate flowers. lj . ^. S. Native of Bencoolen. Leaves rather remote, 8-12 inches long, and 4-7 wide at top. Stipulas as in F. racemosa. Petioles furnished with a narrow margin on each side, which originates from the slightly decur- rent base of the leaf. Berries as large as gooseberries, half the size of those of F. obovdta. Placentas oblong, broad, fleshy, convex and notched for the reception of the seeds ; the inner side smooth and concave, fixed longitudinally by a narrow lamina to the sides of the thin dissepiment. Seeds angular, sca- brous, with copious dots ; integument simple, crustaceous. Al- bumen fleshy. Embryo cylindrical, occupying a great part of the axis of the albumen, with exceedingly small cotyledons, and a centrifugal radicle. This and F. racemosa may probably form a distinct genus. Twining Fagraea. Shrub cl. * * * Parasitical shrubs. 9 F. AURICULA' TA (Jacq. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 34. Blum, bijdr. p. 1020.) parasitic; leaves broad, cuneate-oblong, acute, veiny; interpetiolar stipulas, 2-lobed, recurved ; peduncles ter- minal, usually by threes ; corolla large. T? . S. Native of Java, parasitical on trees about Buitenzorg, where it is called Men- gando-badak ; and of Singapore. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. t. 222. Leaves coriaceous, 6-12 inches long, and 3-4 inches broad at top. Calycine segments roundish, obtuse, spreading. Flowers very large. Auncled Fagrsea. Fl. year. Shrub par. APOCYNEJE. 69 10 F. LITTORA'LIS (Blum, bijdr. 1021.) parasitic; leaves oval, acute at both ends, almost veinless : stipulas petiolar, rounded at top ; peduncles terminal, usually by threes. 1~ . S. Native of the island of Nusae-Karabanga. Parasitical on trees. Sea-shore Fagraea. Fl. Oct. Shrub parasitical. 11 F. MINOR (Herb. Reinwdt. ex Blum, bijdr. p. 1 21.) parasitic; leaves oval, acute, rounded at the base, veiny ; sti- pulas petiolar, rounded at top ; peduncles terminal, sub-corym- bose, trifid. ^ . S. Native of Java, upon trees on the moun- tains, where it is called Mengando. Smaller Fajrraea. Fl. year. Shrub par. 1 -2 F. BLU'MII ; parasitic ; leaves obovate-oblong, bluntish, almost veinless above; stipulas petiolar, emarginate at the apex ; peduncles terminal, corymbosely 3-flpwered. J? . S. Native of Java, in mountain woods. F. obovata, Blum, bijdr. p. 1021. but not of Wall. Blume's Fagraea. Fl. Feb. Shrub par. Cult. The species of Fagraea bear large foliage, and showy flowers, as the other genera of the order. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand, is a good soil for them ; and cuttings strike root readily in sand, placed in heat, with a hand-glass over them. ORDER CLII. APOCVNE2E (so named on account of its containing plants agreeing in particular characters with Apocy- num.) Juss. gen. p. 160. R. Br. prod. p. 465. Calyx 5- cleft, permanent. Corolla monopetalous, hypogy- nous, regular, 5-lobed, imbricate in aestivation, deciduous. Stamens 5, epipetalous, alternating with the segments of the limb of the corolla ; anthers 2-celled : dehiscing lengthwise ; pollen granular. Stigmas at first applied to each other. Ovaria solitary or twin, and therefore the styles are 1 or 2, and but always 1 stigma ; ovaria for the most part many seeded. Fruit follicular, drupaceous or baccate, 1 or many-seeded, solitary or twin. Seeds usually albuminous. Embryo foliaceous, with an inconspicuous plumule. — Trees or shrubs usually full of acrid milky juice. Leaves opposite, sometimes verticillate, rarely scattered, quite entire, usually furnished with interpetiolar cilia or glands. Inflorescence sub-corymbose. All the plants contained in this order are very natural. The structure of the anthers and stigmas easily distinguish them from Ascltpiadeae, to which they are more nearly allied than to any other. The order Strychnaceae is distinguished from this in the peltate seeds. The order is also closely allied to the Rubiacece ; but is easily distinguished from it, in the want of interpetiolar stipulas, and in the superior ovariura, &c. We now turn from the contemplation of plants endued with mild and agreeable properties, and fragrant flowers, and often bearing food for man, to others, which are among the most dan- gerous poisons, whose juices, though milky, are not a wholesome and delicious beverage, like those of Sapotacete, but, on the con- trary, acrid, caustic, and bitter. They are readily known by the twisted direction of the corolla, which have been compared to the rays of St. Catherine's wheel, whence they were called, by Linnaeus, Contortae. By far the greatest part of the order consists of tropical trees and shrubs ; a few Apocynums, Amsbnias, and f'incas, are natives of the colder regions of the earth. Many are elegant climbers, as the different species of Echites, Melodinus, &c. The splendid Oleander belongs to Nerium ; the different species of Plumiera, Cameraria, Strophdnthus, and Carissa, are stove plants of the greatest beauty. The medicinal action of these plants is highly powerful. In general the Apocy'nece are acrid, stimulating, and astringent : these principles, when in excess, act so powerfully on the nerves as to produce stupefaction. The root of Ophioxylon is very bitter and purgative. The bark of Tanghinia Manghas is pur- gative ; of Echites untidy senterica, and the Wrightia of the same name, astringent and febrifugal. The leaves of the Vinca are so astringent, that they have been used successfully in tanning ; those of Nerium Oleander are said to abound in gallic acid. The inspissated juice of the species of Cerbera, known in Mexico under the name of Ycotli, is a fatal poison. The fruit of Tan- ghinia is the famous ordeal of Madagascar. Synopsis of the genera. TRIBE I. ECHITIE'X. Fruit of 2 follicles, sometimes a Z-celkd capsule. Seeds furnished reith a tuft of hairs at the upper or umbilical end. * Tube of corolla naked, not cronned, and nithout scales or teeth inside. 1 ECHITES. Stamens inclosed; anthers adhering. Hypo- gynous scales 5, distinct, rarely combined. Corolla salver-shaped, with dimidiate segments. Follicles slender. 2 CHONEMORPHA. Stamens inclosed ; anthers adhering. Hvpogynous scales 5, distinct or combined. Corolla funnel- shaped, with dimidiate segments. Follicles slender. 3 AGANOSMA. All as in Chonemorpha, except the hypogy- nous scales, which are long and combined ; and the style thick, not slender ; and the stigrna is conical, angular at the base, and mucronate at top, not emarginate. 4 BBADMOSTIA. Calycine segments foliaceous. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a short tube, and a large, swollen, campanu- late limb, with equal lobes. Stamens exserted; anthers ad- hering. Stigma bidentate. Follicles combined, large, long. 5 PACHYPODICM. Stamens inclosed ; anthers nearly sessile, adhering. ? Hypogynous scales none. Corolla salver-shaped : with equal, obtuse segments. Follicles ovate. 6 ICHNOCA'RPUS. Stamens inclosed ; anthers free. Hypogy- nous corpuscula 5, filiform. Corolla salver-shaped, with dimidiate segments. Follicles slender. 7 HOLARRHE'NA. Stamens inclosed; anthers free. Hypo- gynous corpuscula wanting. Corolla sagittate, with equal seg- ments. Follicles slender. 8 ISONB'MA. Stamens exserted ; anthers adhering ; filaments simple at top. Hypogynous scales wanting. Corolla salver- shaped ; limb 5-parted. 9 VALLA'RIS. Stamens exserted ; anthers adhering ; fila- ments each furnished with a fleshy gibbosity outside, at the apex. Hypogynous scales 5, combined at the base. Corolla salver-shaped ; limb 5-parted. Ovarium 2-celled. 10 HELY'GIA. Stamens exserted ; anthers adhering ; fila- ments filiform. Hypogynous scales 5. Stigma clavate. Corolla rotate, with dimidiate segments. Follicles combined, with adnate placentas. 70 APOCYNE^E. 11 PARSONSIA. Stamens exserted ; anthers adhering; fila- ments filiform, inserted near the base of the tube. Hypogynous scales 5, distinct or combined. Corolla funnel-shaped. Folli- cles 2, distinct or cohering. 12 LYONSIA. All as in Parsonsia, except the fruit, which is a 2-celled capsule, with parallel placentiferous dissepiments. 13 THENA'RDIA. Stamens exserted ; anthers adhering ; fila- ments simple, inserted near the base of the tube. Hypogynous scales 5, distinct. Corolla rotate, with dimidiate segments. Follicles twin. 14 ADE'NUM. Stamens inclosed; anthers adhering, ending each in a pilose bristle. Hypogynous scales wanting. Corolla salver-shaped, with equal segments. Ovaria 2, globose. ( * Tube of corolla furnished with 5 inclosed little scales, or teeth inside. 15 APOCYNUM. Teeth, in the tube of the corolla, 5, small, acute, opposite the segments of the limb. Stamens inclosed. Styles wanting. Hypogynous scales 5. Corolla campanulate. Follicles slender. 16 CRYPTOLE'PIS. Scales in the tube of the corolla 5, obtuse, alternating with the segments of the limb. Stamens inclosed. Hypogynous scales 5. Corolla funnel-shaped. Style none. 17 EXOTHOSTE'MON. Scales in the throat of the corolla 5, 'opposite the segments of the limb. Stamens exserted. Hypo- gynous scales 5. Style filiform. Corollas funnel-shaped. Follicles torulose, slender. 18 H^EMADICTYON. Scales in the tube of the corolla 5, alter- nating with the segments of the limb. Stamens inclosed. Style filiform. Hypogynous scales 5. Corolla salver-shaped. 19 CERCOCOMA. Scales in the tube of the corolla 5?, alter- nating with the segments of the limb.? Stamens inclosed. Style filiform. Hypogynous scales 5. Corolla salver-shaped. Follicles horizontal. * * * Throat of corolla crowned by exserted scales, or little tubes. 20 PREST6NIA. Corona double, exterior one annular, and quite entire ; interior one of 5 scales, which alternate with the segments of the corolla. Urceolus hypogynous. 21 BALFOU'RIA. Corona simple, tubular, crenulated. Hypo- gynous scales none ; but there are 10 scales seated at the base of the calyx, outside the corolla. Segments of corolla equal- sided. Anthers ending in a short mucrone. 22 NE'RIUM. Corona simple, of one series of divided seg- ments. Hypogynous scales wanting. Segments of corolla equal-sided. Anthers ending in a long awn each. 23 STROPHA'KTHUS. Corona simple, of 10 undivided foliola. Hypogynous scales 5. Segments of corolla tailed. TRIBE II. WRIGHTIE'^E. Fruit of 2 follicles. Seeds furnished with a tuft of hairs at the lower end of the seed, or that end opposite the umbilicus. Embryo with involute cotyledons. 24 WRIGHTIA. Throat of corolla crowned. Tuft of hairs at end of seed sessile. 25 KIBATA'LIA. Throat of corolla not crowned. Tuft of hairs at end of seed stipitate. Cercocbma, Wall. ? TRIBE III. ALSTONIE'A:. Fruit of 2 follicles. Seeds peltate, ciliated. Cilia more elongated at both ends. 26 ALSTONIA. Corolla salver- shaped, with a naked throat. Anthers inclosed, free. Hypogynous scales none. TRIBE IV. GELSEMIE\S:. Fruit of 2 joined follicles, which are separable, furrowed in the middle, 2-valved, 2-celled; valves l-celled, with inflexed seminiferous edges, which constitute the dissepiments. 27 GELSE'MIUM. Corolla funnel shaped. Stigma trifid. Capsule ovate-oblong, rather compressed. Seeds imbricate, membranous at apex. 28 PLECTANE'IA. Corolla with a short ventricose tube, and a twisted or coarctate limb. Stigma capitate. Anthers sessile. Capsule follicular, very long, 2-celled ; seeds compressed, winged. TRIBE V. TABERNEMONTA'N*. Fruit of 2 follicles, rarely solitary by abortion. Seeds neither tufted nor winged, usually nestling in the pulp of the fruit, albuminous. Stigma annular below, and bifid at top. Anthers free, connivent. 29 TABERNEMONTAVNA. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens inclosed. Glands at the base of the calyx outside the corolla. Seeds immersed in pulp. 30 CAMERA' RIA. Corolla between funnel and salver-shaped. Stamens inclosed ; anthers connivent, drawn out, each into a thread. Style hardly any ; stigma obsolete. Follicles in- flexed, emitting a lobe on each side. Seeds inserted into a peculiar membrane. 31 VA'HEA. Corolla funnel-shaped, naked, Lam. ; urceolate, Roxb. Stamens inclosed, inserted in the bottom of the corolla. Ovarium girded by an entire urceolus. Follicles twin. Seeds immersed in pulp. 32 VOACA'NGA. Corolla funnel-shaped. Anthers sessile, inclosed. Stigma 3-lobed, seated on an annular disk. Follicles twin, baccate. Seeds imbedded in pulp. 33 REJOU'A. Corolla salver-shaped, naked. Stamens in- closed ; anthers free. Stigma bicuspidate. Fruit solitary, elliptic, sub-umbilicate, indehiscent. Seeds compressed, nestling in pulp. 34 ORCHIFEXDA. Corolla funnel-shaped, having the throat half closed by a tumid ring, Stamens inclosed ; anthers connivent. Ovarium girded by a hypogynous ring. Follicles twin, fleshy, globose. Seeds wrinkled, imbedded in pulp. Albumen fleshy. 35 PLUMIE'RA. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens inclosed ; anthers connivent. Stigma clavate, emarginate. Follicles twin, ventricose. Seeds furnished with a wing at bottom. Ovarium girded by a hypogynous ring. 36 CONOPHARY'NGIA. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens each rising from a scrobicle ; anthers conniving into a cone. Stigma sub-bifid. Follicles twin, slipper-shaped. Seeds like grape stones, attached to a slender central column, or placenta. APOCYNEi. 71 37 Vise A. Corolla salver-shaped. Stamens inclosed ; anthers connivent. Hypogynous scales 2. Stigma marginated below, and ciliated above. Follicles slender. Seeds disposed in 2 rows. 38 CATHARA'NTHUS. Corolla salver- shaped. Stamens in- closed ; anthers connivent. Hypogynous scales 2. ? Stigma marginated below, and pilose above. Follicles slender. Seeds disposed in 2 rows, tubercled on one side. TRIBE VI. ALTXIE'JE. Orarium double. Fruit sub-drupaceous. Albu- men large, ruminated at in Annonaceout plants, or Jleshy. An- thers free, connitenl. 39 Ai/v'iiA. Corolla salver- shaped ; throat naked. Stamens inclosed. Stigma obtuse, usually pencilled. Drupes 2, or solitary bv abortion, containing a half 2-celled putamen. 40 CE'BBERA. Corolla funnel-shaped ; throat 5-toothed. Anthers inclosed, conniving. Drupes twin, dry, containing a fibry, seini-bivalved, 1 -seeded putamen. Albumen none. 41 TAXGHIMA. Corolla salver-shaped ; throat pentagonal. Anthers hidden by an equal number of foliaceous scales from the throat, and furnished with an umbilicate tubercle under each stamen. Drupe solitary, containing a 1-celled, 1 -seeded, fibry nut. 42 RAUWOLFIA. Corolla funnel-shaped ; throat bearded. Stamens inclosed, or a little exserted ; anthers free. Hypogy- nous ring surrounding the base of the ovarium. Drupes 2, combined, containing a 2 celled nut, or 2 1 -seeded nuts; cells - bilocular. 43 DISSOLE'NA. Corolla with a long tube, of 2 forms ; lower part thick, pentagonal ; upper part cylindrical ; limb spreading. liens inserted below the mouth of the lower part of the tube. Stigma thick, scabrous. Drupe solitary, small, containing a compressed, scabrous, 1-celled, 1-seeded nut. 44 OCIIROSIA. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens inclosed ; anthers free. Drupes twin or solitary, each containing a 2- celled nut, and each cell containing 2-3 flat, wing-edged seeds. 45 OPHIOXYLON. Corolla funnel-shaped. Anthers inclosed, .ma capitate. Drupes twin, or solitary by abortion, each containing a wrinkled, 1-seeded nut. 46 VALLE'SIA. Corolla salver-shaped : throat bearded. Sta- mens inclosed. Stigma sub-clavate. Drupes clavate, twin, or solitary, containing each a wrinkled, 1-seeded nut. TRIBE VII. Koi-su JE. Ocarium double. Fruit drupaceout. Albumen wanting. 47 KOPSIA. Corolla salver-shaped ; throat villous. Stamens inclosed ; anthers free. Stigma oblong, downy at top. Drupes twin or solitary, coriaceous, divided by an incomplete dissepiment 'P, 1-seeded. 48 CALPICA'RPCM. Calycine segments each ending in a gland. Corolla funnel-shaped, with equal segments. Anthers inclosed, adhering. Stigma large, 2 lobed. Drupe, or rather capsule usually solitary, 1-celled, sub-bivalved, urn-shaped, 1- seeded. TRIBE VIII. MELODISE.E. Fruit baccate, solitary. Seeds many, compressed, imbedded t» the pulp, usually albuminous, rarely exalbuminou*. 49 MELODISUS. Corolla salver-shaped. Corona in the throat of 5 bifid, or quadrifid, or undivided scales, or foliola. Stamens inclosed. Style bipartite. Stigma conical, acute. Berry globose, 2-celled. Seeds flattened, imbedded in pulp, albuminous. 50 CARPODIXCS. Corolla salver-shaped, with reflexed seg- ments ; throat crowned. Anthers connivent, inclosed. Style simple ; stigma capitate. Berry 2-celled, many-seeded. Seeds flattened, imbedded in pulp, albuminous. 51 CHILOCA'RPCS. Corolla salver- shaped; throat not crowned. ? Anthers inclosed. Stigma capitate. Capsule large, corticate, 1-celled. Seeds arillate, flattened. Albumen horny. 52 WILLCGHBE'IA. Corolla salver-shaped ; throat not crowned. Anthers inclosed, free. Stigma obtuse. Berry large, 1-celled, or half 2-celled. Seeds flattened, imbedded in pulp, ex-albumi- nous, disposed in 2 rows. 53 AHBELLA'NIA. Corolla salver-shaped ; throat not crowned. Stigma bicuspidate at the apex, seated on a flat annular disk. Berry 2-celled, waited. Seeds compressed, immersed in the pulp, fixed to a slender receptable, albuminous. 54 PACOU'RIA. Corolla salver-shaped ; throat not crowned. ? Anthers cuspidate, inclosed. Style and stigma as in Ambellania. Berry 1-celled. ? Seeds angular, nestling in the pulp ; albuminous. 55 HAXCORXIA. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla salver- shaped. Stamens inclosed. Stigma bifid. Berry 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds albuminous. 56 LAXDOLPHIA. Corolla salver-shaped ; throat not crowned. Stamens inclosed. Ovarium with 10 stripes. Stigma sub-bifid, Berry nearly globose, compressed at top, 1-celled. Seeds nestling in pulp, ovate, compressed. 57 COC'MA. Corolla funnel-shaped. Stamens short, inclosed ; anthers sagittate. Disk hypogynous. Stigma bifid. Fruit glo- bose, 4-5-seeded. Seeds immersed in pulp. TRIBE IX. ALLAVAXDIE\E. Fndt capsular, composed of 2 joined follicles, prickly or smooth outside. Seeds peltate, jixed to a central placenta. Albumen none. 58 ALLAMA'XDA. Corolla funnel-shaped ; with a wide, swol- len, inflated, 5-lobed limb ; throat furnished with 5 scales, which cover the anthers. Capsule prickly outside. 59 ASPIDOSPE'RM A. Corolla 5-cleft ; segments lanceolate : throat without scales. Capsules smooth, solitary or twin, obo- vate, compressed, unequal sided. TRIBE X. CARAKDIE'^:. Fruit baccate, solitary or twin. Seeds peltate, winged, naked. Albumen copious, rather horny. 60 CARISSA. Corolla funnel-shaped ; throat naked. Stamens inclosed. Stigma dilated from the base, bifid. Berry solitary, 2-celled ; cells 1 or few-seeded. — Prickly shrubs. 61 HCXTE'RIA. Corolla funnel-shaped ; throat naked. Sta- mens inclosed. Stigma ovate, 2-lobed. Berries twin, 1-2- seeded. Unarmed shrubs. 72 APOCYNE^:. I. ECHITES. t Genera hardly known. 62 MONE'TIA. Corolla of 4 petals ? ; petals somewhat re- flexed, alternating with the segments of the calyx. Stamens 4, hypogynous ; anthers sagittate, incumbent. Stigma acute. Fruit rather fleshy, pea-formed, 2-celled; cells 1 -seeded. Seeds compressed or peltate. — Prickly shrubs. 63 ALA'FIA. Corolla tubularly ventricose, with a 5-parted, twisted limb ; segments plicately sinuated on one side. Anthers acute, distinct, connivent ; filaments bound by the style, which is filiform, and furnished with 5 appendages. Stigma inclosed, capitate, acuminated. 64 LEUCONOTIS. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla tubular ; limb 4- 'obed. Stamens 4, inclosed. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells bi-ovu- late. Stigma annular, conical at top. Berry 1-3-seeded. Seeds exalburninous. Tribe I. ECHITIE'jE. Seeds furnished with a tuft of hairs, at the superior or umbilical extremity. Fruit of 2 follicles. I. ECHTTES(so named from f^ig, echis, a viper ; perhaps on account of its deleterious quality, or from its twining habit; tXtrne, echites, is the serpent stone.) P. Browne, jam. p. 182. R, Br. in wern. soc. 1. p. 59. — Echites, spec. Lin. gen. no. 299. Jacq. amer. 29. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped, with a naked throat and tube ; segments of the limb unequal-sided. Stamens inclosed ; anthers sagittate, cohering by their middle to the stigma, having the hind lobes without pollen. Ovaiia 2. Style 1, filiform. Hypogynous scales 5. Fruit of 2 slender follicles. — Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite, having the interpetiolar cilia glandular. Peduncles interpetiolar, many-flowered. Flowers showy, white, yellow, and purple. § 1 . Flowers umbellate or corymbose. 1 E. TJMBELLA'TA (Jacq. amer. p. 30. t. 22. ed. pict. t. 29. Lin. spec. 307.) leaves ovate-orbicular, cuspidately mucronate: glabrous, glandless at the base ; umbels few-flowered ; calycine segments lanceolate. fj . /"\ S. Native of St. Domingo, Cuba, and Jamaica, among bushes, and in hedges. Apocynum obli- quum, Mill. diet. no. 8. — Sloane, hist. l.jp. 207. t. 131. f. 2. — Brown, jam. p. 182. Leaves 2| inches long. Interpetiolar cilia short, subulate. Corolla silky, villous inside the tube, large, with a white or pale yellow limb, and green tube. Umbellate-flowered Echites. Fl. July. Clt. 1733. Shrub tw. 2 E. OBLONGIFOLIA (Desf. herb, ex Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 30.) leaves ovate-oblong, auriculately cordate, bluntish, mucronate, shining above, quite glabrous on both surfaces, somewhat parallelly nerved ; peduncles one half longer than the leaves ; flowers large, umbellate. 1? . ^. S. Native of Guiana. OtZong-leaved Echites. Shrub tw. 3 E. LITTOREA (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 212.) leaves oblong, cuspidately mucronate, glabrous, glandless at the base ; umbels 2 or 5-flowered ; calycine segments ovate-lanceo- late. T? . ^. S. Native of Cuba, by the sea side, near Guana- vacoa. Branches filiform. Interpetiolar cilia subulate. Flowers white, like those of E. umbellata. Sea-shore Echites. Shrub tw. 4 E. CHRISTOPHORIA'NA (Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 31.) stems fuscescent, red, with bitter bark ; leaves very bitter, turned to one side, on short petioles, roundish ovate, acute, pale green above, but paler beneath, with yellowish nerves ; petioles incurvedly declinate, with axillary glands ; peduncles axillary, interpetiolar, elongated, dichotomous, furnished with many bracteas beneath; pedicels crowded, 1-flowered. Jj . *"*. S. Native of St. Christopher, by the sea shore. Flowers yellow, glabrous, having the throat marked with rufescent lines. St. Christopher Echites. Shrub tw. 5 E. CURU'KA (Mart, ex Linnaea. 6. p. 30.) stem arboreous, twining a little ; leaves oblong, with a short acumen, acutish at the base, reticulately veined beneath ; racemes corymbose, many-flowered, axillary, and terminal ; calycine segments imbri- cate, ovate, obtuse ; throat of corolla downy : segments obovate- roundish. I? . ^. S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of Rio Negro. Curura Echites. Shrub tw. 6 E. SCA'BRA (Labill. sert. cal. p. 26. t. 31.) leaves elliptic, somewhat undulated, acuminated ; cymes axillary and terminal ; corollas hairy. ^ . '"'. S. Native of New Caledonia. Thenardia scabra, Spreng. syst. addend, p. 65. Stem pilose at top. Co- rollas scabrous outside, from hairs. Anthers linear-sagittate. Scabrous Echites. Shrub tw. 7 E. BIFLORA (Jacq. amer. 38. t. 21. icon. pict. t. 28. Lin. spec. 307.) leaves oblong, obtuse, mucronate, glabrous ; pedun- cles 2-flowered ; calycine segments small, ovate. fj . /*\ S. Native of most of the West India Islands, in salt marshes. Swartz. obs. p. 103. — Plum. amer. 82. t. 96. Leaves attenuated at the base, obtuse, with a small mucrone, 3 inches long. Corollas white, but with a yellow throat ; tube narrow. Two-flowered Echites. Fl. July. Clt. 1793. Shrub tw. 8 E. NUMMULA'RIA (Burm. ind. t. 28. f. 1.) leaves cordate, acuminated ; peduncles 2-flowered, bifid in the middle. f? . '"'. S. Native of the West Indies. Probably only a variety of E. biflbra. Money-wort-leaved Echites. Shrub tw. § 2. Flowers racemose. * Leaves oblong. 9 E. DOMINGE'NSIS (Swartz, prod. p. 52. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 529.) leaves ovate-cordate, or ovate-oblong, acute, glabrous above, rather rusty, and somewhat downy beneath ; peduncles 1-2-3- flowered ; calycine segments subulate, hairy. lj . <"\ S. Native of Jamaica and Hispaniola, among bushes by the sea side. Jacq. coll. 1. p. 73. icon. rar. 53. E. heterophylla, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 437. Stems downy. Flowers large, yellow ; throat villous, wide. Hypogynous glands yellow. St. Domingo Echites. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub tw. 10 E. BARBA'TA (Desv. herb, ex Ham. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 30.) stems weak ; branches downy ; leaves quite glabrous, obo- vate, mucronate, vaguely veined ; peduncles elongated ; flowers panicled ; calycine segments subulate ; corolla having the tube bearded with pili, contracted a short way at the base, and widened above the calyx. fj . ^. S, Native of the West Indies. Bearded Echites. Shrub tw. 1 1 E. REOPENS (Jacq. amer. 33. t. 28. icon. pict. t. 33.) leaves lanceolate-linear, or ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; peduncles race- mose ; calycine segments lanceolate. Pj . r>. S. Native of St. Domingo, among rocks, and on the edges of woods. Stems glabrous sarmentose, when old procumbent and rooting, and when young erectish. Peduncles usually bifid. Flowers elegant, red. Hypogynous glands roundish. Creeping Echites. Shrub tw. 12 E. CONCOLOR (Desv. herb. ex. Hamilt. prod. fl. ind. occ. p. 31.) stems weak ; leaves thick, elliptic-lanceolate, rounded at the base, mucronate, of the same colour on both surfaces, almost veinless ; flowers axillary and terminal, twin ; caly- cine segments lanceolate, bluntish ; tube of corolla inflated at top. ?2 . ^. S. Native of Hispaniola. Very nearly allied to E. repens. One-coloured-\eaveA Echites. Shrub twining. 13 E. LINEARIFOLIA (Desv. herb, ex Ham. prod. fl. ind. occ. APOCYNE.E. I. ECHITES. 73 p. 31.) stems perennial, funicular, glabrous, lactescent; leaves linear, mucronate, on short petioles ; peduncles axillary, filiform, bifid, shorter than the leaves ; follicles torulose, linear. 1? . w. S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers small, white. Nearly allied to E. repens, in which the flowers are red. Linear-leaved Echites. Shrub cl. 14 E. ASPERU'GIMS (Swartz. prod. p. 53. fl. ind. occ- 1. p. 531.) leaves oblong, acute, glabrous beneath, and rather rough above : peduncles racemose. Tj . r*. S. Native of Jamaica and Hispaniola, among bushes, in dry places. Apocynum scan- dens, &-c. Plum, ed- Burm. icon. t. 26. E. lappulacea, Lam. diet. 2. p. 340. — Plum. spec. mss. 2. t. 70. Stem purplish, his- pid. Follicles rough, filiform. Flowers white. Rough Ecliites. Shrub tw. 15 E. TOROSA (Jacq. amer. 33. t. 27. ed. pict. t. 34.) leaves lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous ; peduncles sub-racemose ; caly- cine segments lanceolate. Ij . ^\ S. Native of Jamaica, in woods, on the mountains. Swartz. obs. p. 105. Lam. ill. t. 174. f. 1.— Browne, jam. 181. t. 16. f. 2. Leaves 2 inches long. Flowers small, yellow. Tube of corolla ventricose in the middle, obsoletely pentagonal ; segments broad, and truncate at top. Follicles tomentose, long, erect. E. torosa, Lam. ill. 2. p. 339. no. 5. f. 1. which is the plant figured in Plum. ed. Burm. t. 27 : is probably E. repens, as the flowers are said to be white or red, and the follicles in that, as in this, are torulose. rorose-follicled Echites. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1770. Shrub tw. 16 E. ACUMINA'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 19. t. 134. f. a.) glabrous ; leaves ovate and oblong, acuminated, furnished with 5 elands at the base of each ; racemes short ; pedicels twin. ^ T rx. S. Native of Peru, in the woods of Chincao, at Macora. Leaves emarginate at the base, shining above. Stipulas trun- cate, furnished with a small tooth on each side. Bracteas small, trifid. Flowers white. Acuminated-\ez\e& Echites. Shrub tw. * * Leaves cordate at the base. 17 E. RICHA'RDII (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 391.) leaves oblong-ovate, acutely mucronate, cordate at the base ; corolla and fruit hairy. V . °. S. Native of Cayenne or Guiana. E. hirsiita, Richard, in act. hist. nat. par. p. 107. but not of Ruiz, et Pav. Richard's Echites. Shrub tw. 18 E. HIRTE'LLA (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 213.) hairy ; leaves oblong, acutely mucronate, narrowed a little at the base, cordate, and furnished with one gland, hairy ; peduncles racemose ; calycine segments ovate, acuminated. Ij . 'X S. Native of New Granada, near Mariquita and Santanna. Inter- petiolar cilia obsolete. Corollas yellow, hairy outside, and dotted with silky pili inside. The specimens collected about Santanna differ from those collected about Mariquita, in the branches being smoothish, and in the leaves being lanceolate and smaller, &c. This is probably a species of Prestonia, the throat being furnished with a red ring, according to Bonpland. Hairy Echites. Fl. June. Shrub tw. 19 E. TRIFIDA (Jacq. amer. p. 31. t. 24. H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, short-acuminated, rounded at the base, and furnished with 2 glands ; racemes trifid ; calycine segments oblong, obtuse. I? . ^. S. Native of New Spain, in woods, near Cumana and Cumanacoa. E. cuspidata, Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 796. Stems glabrous, purplish. Glands on the petioles ovate, acuminated, bifid at apex, and rather concave. Corolla glabrous, milk-coloured ; upper part of tube red inside. 7V[/J. S. Native of Peru, in woods. E. glandu- losa, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 557. Stem glabrous, angular, often granular. Branches rather villous. Stipulas toothed. Brac- teas small, subulate. Corollas large, yellow. Z,oo*e-flowered Echites. Shrub tw. 23 E. PUBIFLORA ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, cordate at the base, acuminated, glabrous above, but tomentose beneath ; ra- cemes many-flowered ; corolla hairy outside. Ij . /"\ S. Native ofMaranham, in low bushy places. Flowers large, yellow. Doirny-jtowered Echites. Shrub twining. 24 E. MOJJTA'NA (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, cordate, roughish above from hairs, but soft and canescent beneath, glandular at the base; peduncles racemose ; calycine segments ovate-lanceolate, much snorter than the tube. ^ . v_/. S. Native of the Andes, about Pasto, in bushy places, in the valley of the river Guaytara. Leaves Z\ inches long. Interpetiolar cilia obsolete. Calyx hairy at the base. Corolla glabrous outside and inside, yellow above, and white beneath. Follicles smooth. Mountain Echites. Fl. Dec. Shrub tw. 25 E. RIPA'RIA (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. S. p. 214.) leaves ovate-oblong, acute, cordate, smoothish above, but clothed with soft, hair-like down beneath, and canescent, glan- dular at the base ; racemes usually 6-flowered ; calycine seg- ments lanceolate, hardly one half shorter than the tube. •; . rs. S. Native of New Granada, in hot places, near Tenerifle, on the banks of the river Magdalena. Branches glabrous. Peduncles and calyxes downy. Corollas white, glabrous inside and outside. Very nearly allied to E. monlana, from which it chiefly differs in the form and size of the calyx, and in the colour of the flowers. River-side Echites. Fl. May. Shrub tw. 26 E. COXGE'STA (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) leaves roundish- ovate, short-acuminated, cordate, rather pilose above, clothed with soft down beneath, and canescent ; flowers racemose, capitately crowded ; calycine segments lanceolate-linear. ^ . /~>. S. Native of South America, in the province of Popayan. Branches hairy, and besprinkled with white warts. Leaves 3 to 3j inches long, and 2 or 2j broad. Flowers white, very like those of Jasminum sdmbac. Corolla glabrous, but with the tube downy inside. Crowded-flowered Echites. Shrub tw. 27 E. BOGOTE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c. p. 215. t. 243 ) leaves oblong, acuminated, obsoletely cordate, glabrous above, but clothed with powdery down, and glaucescent beneath, fur- nished with 2 bifid glands toward the base ; racemes bifid ; calycine segments ovate-oblong, acutish. J; . '"\ S. Native of APOCYNE^E. I. ECHITES. South America, near the town of Santa Fe de Bogota. Branches glabrous. Leaves 2| inches long. Flowers size of those of Vinca. Calyx smooth, furnished with 5 trifid scales inside, towards the base. Corolla white, glabrous, hairy inside. Bogota Echites. Shrub tw. 28 E. CITRIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c. p. 216.) leaves ovate- oblong, acuminated, obsoletely cordate, quite glabrous, shining above ; petioles furnished with 2 glands inside ; racemes bifid ; calycine segments lanceolate, acuminated. Jj . *"*. S. Native of New Granada, near Santanna and Mariquita. Branches gla- brous. Leaves 3 inches long. Corolla glabrous outside. Orange-leaved Echites. Fl. June. Shrub tw. 29 E. DICHOTOMA (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c. p. 217.) leaves ovate- oblong, acuminated, cordate, glabrous, glandless ? ; racemes dichotomous, on long peduncles ; calycine segments ovate- lanceolate, fj . *"*. S. Native of South America, in the pro- vince of Bracamoros, between Jaen and the river Amazon. Branches smoothish. Corolla blue or purple. Z)icAo/07«o«*-peduncled Echites. Fl. Aug. Shrub tw. 30 E. MARANHAME'NSIS ; leaves cordate, sub-sagittate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous above, but clothed with white tomentum beneath ; racemes many-flowered ; flowers almost sessile ; co- rollas glabrous outside. \. *"*. S. Native of Maranham. Flowers large, yellow. Follicles long, smooth. Maranham Echites. Shrub cl. 31 E. SUBSAGITTA'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 19.) gla- brous ; leaves oblong, sub-sagittate, acuminated, with the hind lobes obtuse, ciliated, glandular at the base ; peduncles short, racemose ; calycine segments acute. ^ . ri. S. Native of Peru, in woods. E. subsagittata, Pers. ench. 1. p. 271. Stems glabrous, granular, filiform, purplish. Petioles downy. Sti- pulas form of glands. Sagittate-leaved Echites. Shrub tw. 32 E. NITIDA (Vahl. eclog. amer. 2. p. 19.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, subcordate at the base, glabrous, shining above ; peduncles racemose ; calycine segments linear-obtuse. Fj . *"*. S. Native of South America. Leaves 3-4 inches long, acute, of a glaucous rust colour beneath. Petioles purplish. Pedicels sometimes twin. Corolla white, with the tube swollen at top. Anthers 8, beaked. Shining-leaved Echites. Shrub tw. 33 E. TOMENTOSA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 44.) leaves cordate-ob- long, acuminated, and are, as well as the stems, hairy; pedun- cles racemose, 3-4-flowered, pilose ; calycine segments attenu- ated, glabrous, fj . r*. S. Native of Cayenne. Leaves 3 inches long. Corolla beset with grey hairs outside, yellow. Tomentose Echites. F). July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub tw. § 3. Follicles united at top. 34 E. SYMPHYOCA'RPA (Meyer, esseq. p. 132.) leaves elliptic- oval, sub-sagittate, tomentose beneath, roughish above ; racemes downy ; follicles joined at top ; calycine segments subulate, acu- minated. Tj . /"\ S. Native of the Island of Arrowabisch, in sandy groves. Stems glabrous, red. Tendrils simple, axillary. Corolla glabrous, yellow outside, but variegated with red and yellow inside. This, and E. agglutinata, may probably form a distinct genus, from the follicles being joined at top. Combined-fruited Echites. Shrub tw. 35 E. AGGLUTINA'TA (Jacq. amer. 31. t. 23. ed. pict. t. 30. Lin. spec. 1671.) leaves ovate, emarginate, with a mu- crone, glabrous ; peduncles racemose ; calycine segments small, ovate. fy . ^\ S. Native of St. Domingo, among bushes on the mountains, about Cape Francais. Peduncles sometimes bifid. Flowers small, white. Tube of corolla 5-furrowed ; segments narrow. Follicles agglutinate at the apex. dgglutinate-follicled Echites. Shrub tw. 36 E. ? CATESB^I ; leaves oblong, spiny, stiff, almost vein- less, often involute ; racemes 6-8-flowered, terminal and axil- lary ; segments of the corolla truncate; follicles contiguous at the apex, f? . /~>. F. Native of Carolina. Vinca lutea, Lin. amcen. 4. p. 307. spec. 305. — Catesb. car. 2. p. 53. t. 53. Fol- licles 8-10 inches long. Seeds pappose. Flowers yellow, double. ? Perhaps a species of Forsterdnia. Catesby's Echites. Shrub tw. •f- Species natives of America, hardly known ; the greater number of n>hich probably do not belong to the genus. 37 E. ? SYPHILITICA (Lin. suppl. 167.) leaves ovate, acute, quite glabrous, ribbed ; peduncles axillary, divided into two branches, and these branches again divided into 2 spikes, which are closely beset with flowers, fy . S. Native of Suri- nam. A lactescent tree. Leaves large. Corollas large, white ; limb large, flat. Stigma of Vinca. Follicles twin, divaricate. A decoction of the leaves is noted, in Surinam, in the cure of syphilis. Perhaps a species of Tabernemontana. Syphilitic Echites. Tree. 38 E. SUBSFICA'TA (Vahl. eclog. amer. 2. p. 18.) leaves ob- long, attenuated, somewhat cordate at the base, glabrous ; pedun- cles racemose ; pedicels very short ; calycine segments lanceo- late. 1? . /^>. S. Native of South America. Shrub glabrous in every part. Leaves 4-5 inches long, shining above, purplish on the rib beneath. Petioles rather villous above. Bracteas linear-lanceolate. Perhaps a species of Parsonsia. Subspicate-fio\\ered Echites. Shrub tw. 39 E. RUBRICAU'LIS (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 535.) leaves ovate, acuminated, nerved beneath, and rather downy ; flowers lateral, almost solitary ; stem red. fj . '"*. S. Native of Guiana. Leaves glabrous, and almost shining above. Flowers hardly pedunculate. Red-stemmed Echites. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl. 40 E. OVALIFOLIA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 535.) leaves oval, blunt at both ends, downy beneath ; follicles very hairy ; peduncles racemose, longer than the leaves ; branches and peduncles pilose. *2 . /*\ S. Native of St. Domingo. Branches stiff, brownish. Leaves an inch and more long. Bracteas subulate. Follicles slender, arched. Oval-leaved Echites. Shrub tw. 41 E. GLOMERA'TA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 536.) leaves membra- nous, ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; flowers in axillary, nearly globose fascicles, almost sessile ; stems scandent. Ij . <"\ S. Native of St. Domingo. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Flowers middle-sized. Bracteas lanceolate. Glomerate-flowered Echites. Shrub cl. 42 E. ? PANICULA'TA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 536.) leaves oval- lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; panicles lateral, spicate ; pe- dicels cymosely umbellate. Tj . *"\ S. Native of South America. Pedicels downy. Perhaps a species of Parsonsia. Panicled-fiov/ered Echites. Shrub tw. 43 E. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 537.) leaves very narrow, acute ; flowers axillary, usually solitary ; follicles slen- der, somewhat tomentose. 1? . /"\ S. Native of St. Domingo. Habit of a species of Ceropegia. Leaves 3 inches long, hardly petiolate, glabrous, with 3 longitudinal nerves, 2 of which are almost marginal. Follicles 6-8 inches long. Narrow-leaved Echites. Shrub tw. 44 E. DIFFORMIS (Walt. fl. car. p. 98. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 178.) leaves oval-lanceolate, acute at the base : lower ones linear ; flowers in fasciculate-corymbs, 1? . /"\ F. Native of Lower Carolina, in woods. Leaves rather downy beneath. Flowers small, yellowish. Two-formed-le&ved Echites. Fl. July. Clt. 1806. Sh. tw. 45 E. PUNCTICULOSA (Richard, in act. hist. nat. par. p. 107.) 12 APOCYNE.E. I. ECHITES. branches rather scabrous from prominent dots ; leaves ovate, with an obtuse acumen, very veiny beneath ; corymbs com- pound. '- . f~^. S. Native of South America. Doited-branched Echites. Shrub tw. 46 E. RUGCLOSA (Richard, in act. hist. nat. par. p. 107.) leaves ovate, acutely acuminated, sub-emarginate at the base, wrinkled, with revolute edges : having the nerves above roughish from minute down ; stem slender, roughish. ^ . /0>. S. Native of Cayenne. Wrinkled Echites. Shrub tw. 47 E. GALEGiFORWis (Rudolph, ex Ledeb. pi. st. doming, no. 6.) peduncles many-flowered ; leaves oblong, obtuse. Jj . f*. S. Native of St. Domingo. Very like E. tomentosa, but differs in the leaves being obtuse and the flowers rose-coloured. Galega-formcd Echites. Shrub tw. 48 E. ? sEMiDiGYXA (Berg. act. vlissing. 3. p. 383. icone.) leaves ovate-oblong, attenuated at both ends. fj . *"\ S Na- tive of South America.? Gmel. syst. p. 436. Peduncles oppo- sitely racemose. Semidigynous Echites. Shrub tw. f East Indian species, hardly known, rrith small jlorrers. The species here enumerated mill probably form a distinct genus. 49 E. ? GLANDULIFERA (Wall. cat. no. 1659.) leaves oblong, coriaceous, glabrous, tapering to the base, and acuminated at the apex, on very short petioles ; panicles terminal and axillary, composed of trichotomous peduncles ; flowers crowded, corym- bose ; calyx and pedicels downy ; follicles narrow, torulose. h . ^\ S. Native of the Burmese empire, at Amherst. E. monilifera, Wall. cat. 1659., a native of Singapore, hardly seems to differ, unless in the more ovate leaves. Flowers small, white. Gland-bearing Echites. Shrub tw. 50 E. ? MICRA'XTHA (Wall. cat. no. 1667.) leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; panicles axillary and ter- minal, divaricate, composed of trichotomous peduncles ; flowers crowded, corymbose, downy. Tj . *"*. S. Native of Silhet. E. brachiata, Wall. cat. no. 16(>8. is the same. Flowers very small. Follicles probably torulose, like the last species. Small-loitered Echites. Shrub tw, 51 E. ? LU'CIDA (Wall. cat. no. 1670.) leaves elliptic, obtuse at both ends, short-acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous, shining ; panicles terminal and axillary, composed of trichotomous pe- duncles ; flowers corymbose, downy ; bracteas linear ; follicles woody, ovate, acuminated, or cultriform. ^ . /"\ S. Native of Penan:;. Flowers small. E. esculenta, Wall. cat. 1671. from Amherst does not appear to differ from the present species, but as there are no flowers on the specimens of that plant examined by us, its affinity cannot be ascertained. Shitiing-\ea\-cd Echites. Shrub tw. 52 E. ? PAKICULA'TA (Roxb. fl. hid. 2. p. 17.) leaves broad- lanceolate, bluntly acuminated ; panicles axillary and terminal, tricbotomous throughout : the extreme divisions 3-flowered ; follicles sub-clavate, few-seeded ; hypogynous scales combined into a cup-shaped 5-toothed urceolus. ^ . ,_,. S. Native of Silhet. Leaves 8 inches long and l^to 3 broad. Bracteas oval. Flowers very small, pale yellow. Corolla with a short gibbous tube ; and woolly, edged, falcate segments. /Wc/«/-flowered Echites. Shrub cl. 53 E.? PARVIFLORA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 20.) leaves lanceolate ; panicles terminal and axillary, brachiate ; tube of corolla gib- bous towards the base ; segments of the limb linear, falcate. K^.S. Native of the northern Circars, and Silhet. E. macrocarpa, Wall. cat. no. 1663. Hypogynous scales combined into an entire ring. Follicles large, ovate, acuminated. E. pohantha, Wall. cat. no. 1664., a native of Chapedong, and Amherst, hardly differs, except in the more coriaceous leaves. Small-fonered Echites. Shrub tw. 54 E.? ELLIPTICA (Wall, cat.no. 1666.) leaves elliptic, or obo- vate-elliptic, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles axillary and ter- minal, trichotomous, corymbose, spreading ; corolla salver- shaped, with obtuse segments. Ij . /~v. S. Native of Silhet. Echites verticallis^ Hamilt. mss. Very nearly allied to the preceding. Elliptic-leaved Echites. Shrub tw. •j- -J- f American speciet, hardly knoicn. 55 E. MYRTIFOI.IA (Willd. herb, ex Roam, et Schultes, syst. 34. p. 795.) peduncles 1-flowered ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, shining. J? . ^ S. Native of Cuba, about the Havanna. This is not to be confounded with Parsonsia myrti- folia, Roem. et Schultes, vol. 5. Myrtle-leaned Echites. Shrub tw. 56 E. GEMIKA'TA (Willd. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acutish ; pe- duncles twin, 1-flowered. t? . ^\ S. Native of Brazil. TVin-peduncled Echites. Shrub tw. 57 E. LU'CIDA (Willd. 1. c.) peduncles 1-flowered, elon- gated ; leaves elliptic-oblong, subcordate, obtuse, shining above. 1? . *"*. S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco. Shining Echites. Shrub tw. 58 E. CAXE'SCENS (Willd. 1. c.) peduncles 3-flowered, axil- lary ; leaves oblong, acuminated, tomentose beneath, ij . ^. S. Native of South America. Canescent Echites. Shrub tw. 59 E. VERRUCOSA (Willd. 1. c.) corymbs axillary ; leaves ob- long, acuminated ; branches warted. ^ . /~\ S. Native of Brazil. Warted Echites. Shrub tw. 60 E. HISPIDA (Willd. 1. c.) racemes axillary ; corollas hispid outside ; leaves oblong-cordate, acuminated, hispid. \j . r\ S. Native of Brazil. Hispid Echites. Shrub tw. 61 E. SCA BRA (Willd. 1. c.) racemes axillary ; leaves oblong, acuminated, cordate, scabrous. Tj . /"\ S. Native of Brazil. Scabrous Echites. Shrub tw. 62 E. GLAU'CA (Willd. I.e.) racemes terminal; leaves elliptic, acuminated, glaucous beneath. J; . ^. S. Native of Brazil. Corolla funnel-shaped : having the tube thickened at top, and with the throat hardly pervious. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous. Perhaps a distinct genus. Glaucous Echites. Shrub tw. 63 E. MACRA'STHA (Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 795.) co- rymbs axillary ; leaves oblong, acute, glabrous, shining. Ij . *"*. S. Native of Brazil. E. grandiflora, Willd. herb, but not of others. Large-foieered Echites. Shrub tw. 64 E. PUBE'SCEXS (Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes. syst. 4. p. 796.) flowers sub-umbellate, axillary ; leaves elliptic-ovate, cordate, acuminated, downy beneath. Ij . ^\ S. Native of South America. Downy Echites. Shrub tw. 65 E. SODOSA (Willd. 1. c.) racemes axillary ; leaves lanceo- late, acuminated ; branches nodose. ^ . '\ S. Native of South America. Knotled-brancbed Echites. Shrub tw. 66 E. MCCRONA'TA (Roam, et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 769.) leaves lanceolate, cordate, acuminated, mucronate, downy beneath ; racemes axillary. Tj . /*\ S. Native of South America. E. acuminata, Willd. herb. A/W-rono/€-leaved Echites. Shrub tw. 67 E. FRASE'RI (Roem. et Schultes, 1. c.) leaves crowded, linear, ciliated with pili, acute ; panicle terminal, naked, fj . ^. F. Native of Carolina. 1 2 76 APOCYNE^E. II. CHONEMORPHA. Fraser's Echites. Shrub tw. Cult. All the true species of this genus bear large, elegant, white or yellow flowers. They grow freely in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and cuttings strike root readily under a hand- glass, if planted in sand. II. CHONEMO'RPHA (ywvn, clone, a funnel, and morphe, form ; form of corolla). Echites species, Wall. Roth. Roxb., &c. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a naked throat, and a twisted limb ; segments of corolla equal-sided ?. Stamens inclosed ; anthers sagittate or lanceolate, adhering to the stigma. Ovarium didy- mous. Style filiform ; stigma somewhat conical, emarginate at apex. Hypogynous scales 5, distinct or connate. Follicles distinct, slender. Seeds furnished with a tuft of hairs at the upper extremity. — Erect or twining shrubs, natives of Asia, with opposite leaves ; and interpetiolar glandular ciliae ?. Peduncles interpetiolar, corymbose. Flowers showy, white or yellow. * Erect shrubs. 1 C. CRISTA'TA ; stems erect ; leaves oval, mucronate, tomen- tose beneath, with horizontal ribs ; corymbs axillary, dichoto- mous, divaricate, on short peduncles. fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Echites cristata, Roth. nov. spec. Bracteas mi- nute, tooth-formed. Crested Chonemorpha. Shrub. 2 C. DICHOTOMA ; stems erect, dichotomous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, downy beneath, when young clothed with silky tomentum ; corymbs axillary, dichotomous, on short peduncles, erect. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Echites dichotoma, Roth, nov. spec. Echites Heynii, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 632. Leaves a hand long, downy on the veins and nerves above. The flowers are said to be salver-shaped, but are probably funnel- shaped, very like those of Jasminum odoratissimum, but a little larger, with the tube downy. Dichotomous Chonemorpha. Shrub. 3 C. GBANDiFLbaA ; stem erect ; leaves oval, acuminated, glabrous above, and rather tomentose beneath ; flowers terminal, by threes ; peduncles as well as the calyxes downy ; corolla glabrous. t? . S. Native of the East Indies. Echites gran- diflora, Roth, nov. spec, but not of Meyer. Echites macrantha, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 632. Ribs of leaves almost horizontal, bifid at top. Flowers showy, size of those of Oleander. Seg- ments of corolla ovate, mucronate. Great-flowered Chonemorpha. Shrub. 4 C. VESiiTA ; stem erect, downy ; leaves oval-lanceolate, downy above and tomentose beneath ; corymbs axillary, almost sessile, dichotomous, somewhat divaricate ; corolla downy. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Echites vestita, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 394. E. tomentosa, Roth, nov. spec. Bracteas lan- ceolate, concave. The corolla is said to be salver-shaped, but is probably funnel-shaped, like the rest. Perhaps a species of Aganosma. Clothed Chonemorpha. Shrub. 5 C. ANTIDYSENTE'RICA ; stem erect ? angular ; leaves ovate- lanceolate, with obsoletely crenulated edges, glabrous on both surfaces ; corymbs axillary, dichotomous ; calyx and corolla downy, fy . S. Native of the East Indies. Echites antidys- enterica, Roth. nov. spec. Bracteas linear, downy. The corolla is said to be salver-shaped, but is probably funnel-shaped. Antidysenteric Chonemorpha. Shrub. * * Twining shrubs. 6 C. RETICULAVTA ; stem twining, angular, roughish; leaves oval, mucronate, glabrous on both surfaces, reticulately veined ; corymbs axillary, pedunculate ; bracteas imbricate. Tj . *"*. S. Native of the East Indies. Echites reticulata, Roth. nov. spec. Var. (3, tomentosa (Roth. 1. c.) leaves tomentose on the ribs and veins, especially beneath. Reticulaled-]eaved Chonemorpha. Shrub tw. 7 C. ? MALABA'RICA ; stem scandent ; leaves ovate, acumin- ated ; flowers disposed in axillary cymose racemes, villous. 1} . w. S. Native of Malabar. Echites Malabarica, Lam. diet. 2. p. 343. — Pal-valli. Rheede, mal. 9. t. 12. Stem slender, kneed. Flowers light green, reddish outside, with a whitish neck. Follicles stiff, narrow, rather flattened. Malabar Chonemorpha. Shrub cl. 8 C. MACROPHY'LLA ; stems twining ; leaves large, roundish, acuminated, downy beneath ; cymes terminal. Tj . 0. S. Na- tive of Silhet. Echites grandis, Wall.cat.no. 1658. Echites macrophylla, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 13. Leaves from oval to roundish, 10-12 inches long, and 7-10 broad. Flowers very large, white. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Filaments hairy. Follicles pendulous, about a foot long. Seeds spatulate. Em- bryo inverted. Habit of Beaumontia grandifibra. Large-leaved Chonemorpha. Shrub cl. 9 C. DENSIFLORA (Blum, bijdr. p. 104. under Echites) leaves on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous ; co- rymbs axillary and terminal, fastigiate, subumbellate, many- flowered ; corolla funnel-shaped : having the tube angular at bottom. Jj . w. S. Native of Java, about Kuripan, where it is called Tjunkankan. Flowers white. Hypogynous scales acute, distinct. Stamens inclosed. Dense-flowered Chonemorpha. Fl. March. Shrub cl. 10 C. BANTAME'NSIS (Blum, bijdr. p. 1040. under Echites) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, rather attenuated at the base, glabrous, reticulately veined beneath, tomentose on the midrib and veins beneath, as well as on the petioles and branch- lets ; corymbs axillary and terminal, trichotomous, on long peduncles ; corolla funnel-shaped, hairy. Ij . w. S. Native of Java, among bushes, in the province of Bantam. E. ferruginea, Horsfield, in Roam. Schultes, syst. 4. p. 796. Hypogynous scales acuminated, distinct. Stamens inclosed. Bantam Chonemorpha. Fl. Feb. Shrub cl. 11C. CORIAVCEA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1039. under Echites) leaves lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous ; corymbs axillary or terminal, bifid or trifid ; pedicels usually 3 together ; corolla funnel- shaped, hairy inside. lj . w. S. Native of Java, in mountain woods, where it is called Ojot-tjum-pol-kikis. Flowers small, yellowish. Stamens inclosed. Hypogynous scales connate. Coriaceous-leaved Chonemorpha. Fl. year. Shrub cl. 12 C. INFLA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1039. under Echites} leaves elliptic-lanceolate, bluntly acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous, full of parallel reticulated veins ; corymbs axillary and terminal, bifid or trifid ; pedicels 3 together ; corolla funnel-shaped : having the tube widened and 5-angled downwards. Tj . v_;. S. Native of Java, at the foot of Mount Tjerimai. Flowers white, but the throat is yellow. Hypogynous scales roundish, distinct. Nearly allied to E. reticulata, Roth., from which it differs in the anthers being inclosed, and in the tube of the corolla being 5-angled above. Inflated-fiovcered Chonemorpha. Fl. August. Shrub cl. 13 C. ? CONVOLVULOIDES ; leaves sagittately cordate, acumin- ated, glabrous, on long petioles ; racemes terminal and axillary, 4-5-flowered, on short angular, thick peduncles ; tube of corolla very long. 1? . /^>. S. Native of Africa, in the island of St. Thomas, on the banks of rivers. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a naked throat, white. Anthers conniving into a cone. Lobes at base of leaves distant. Follicles long. Convolvulus-like Chonemorpha. Shrub tw. Cult. See Echites above for culture and propagation. APOCYNEyE. III. AGANOSMA. IV. BEAUMONTIA. V. PACHYPODIUM. 77 III. AGANO'SMA (from ayavns, agones, mild, and OO-/JTJ, osme, a smell ; scent of flowers). Echhes, sect. 2. Aganosma, Blum, bijdr. p. 1040. Echites species of authors. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx large, 5-parted, equal in length to the tube of the corolla, spreading. Corolla funnel-shaped, with an oblique 5-parted limb, and the tube gib- bous at the base. Stamens inclosed ; anthers sagittate, cohering with the stigma. Ovarium didymous, inclosed by 5 long combined hypogynous scales. Style thick ; stigma conical, angular at the base, mucronate at top or bidentate. Follicles cylindrical, divaricate. Seeds large. — Showy Asiatic shrubs, with opposite leaves and terminal corymbs of flowers. Bracteas deciduous, at the base of the pedicels and calyxes. 1 A. CARYOPHYLLA'TA ; leaves oval, acutish at both ends, tomentose beneath as well as the branches ; corymbs terminal. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Echites caryophyllata, Blum. bijdr. p. 1041.— Rheed. mal. 7. t. 103. t. 55. Flowers pale yellow, tinged with red, very sweet scented. Clove-scented Aganosma. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1812. Shrub tw. 2 A. ROXBU'RGHII ; leaves ovate-cordate, acuminated : having the petioles and veins red, glabrous, pale beneath and shining above : with the principal nerves running from the base to the apex of the leaves ; corymbs terminal ; segments of corolla tri- angular, fj . /'\ S. Native of the East Indies, in mountainous tracks only. Echites caryophyllata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 11. Sims, bot. mag. 1919. but not of Blume. — Rheed. mal. 9. t. 135. Perhaps Echites costata, Willd. is the same. Flowers large, pure white, delightfully fragrant. Nectary tubular, 5-toothed. Calyx and corolla hoary outside. Roxburgh's Aganosma. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1812. Shrub tw. 1 3 A. CYMOSA ; hairy ; leaves elliptic, acuminated ; cymes terminal, shorter than the leaves ; segments of corolla oblique, ensiform ; nectary cup-shaped, 5-toothed. T? . S. Native of .Silhet. Echites cymosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 16. Echites con- ferta, Wall. cat. no. 1655. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Flowers small, dull white, fragrant. Calyx and corolla hoary outside. C'ymose-flowered Aganosma. Shrub. 4 A. WALLICHII; leaves elliptic-acuminated, shining above, and pale beneath, glabrous ; veins parallel ; corymbs terminal ; nectary tubular, 5-toothed. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Echites calycina, Wall. cat. no. 1653. Calyx and corolla downy outside. This species differs from A. Roxburghii in the veins of the leaves being parallel, not longitudinal, from the base to the apex. Flowers white, fragrant. Wallich's Aganosma. Shrub tw. 5 A. E'LEGANS ; leaves elliptic, short-acuminated, glabrous ; corymbs terminal, crowded ; calycine segments lanceolate, linear, longer than the tube of the corolla. '?•'*'• S. Native of the East Indies. Echites elegans, Wall. cat. no. 1656. Echites bracteata, Herb. Heyne. Flowers small, apparently purple, being black in the dried state. Corolla downy outside, as well as the calyxes, bracteas, and pedicels. Elegant Aganosma. Shrub tw. 6 A. ACUMINA'TA ; leaves from oblong to broad-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; panicles axillary, longer than the leaves, trichotomous, diffuse; segments of corolla linear, falcate, curled, f; . *"*. S. Native of Silhet, where it is called Pingoree and Bengeree. Echites acuminata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 15. Leaves 2-4 inches long. Panicles and bracteas smooth. Flowers large, white, fragrant. Calyx length of the tube of the corolla, smooth. Nectary cup-shaped, obscurely 5-toothed. Follicles very long, slender. Acuminatcd-]ea\ed Aganosma. Shrub cl. 7 A. MARGINALIA ; leaves lanceolate, smooth : having the tops of the veins forming a waved line within the margin of the leaf; panicles terminal, lax, corymbose, at first sub-trichotomous, and then dichotomous, glabrous; segments of corolla linear, falcate; nectary annular. Jj . w. S. Native of Silhet, where it is called Dood-luta. Echites marginata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 16. Flowers numerous, large, white, fragrant. Marginals Aganosma. Shrub cl. •j- A species hardly known. 8 A. AFFINIS ; erect, tomentose ; leaves oval, mucronate ; corymbs terminal ; segments of calyx equal in length to the limb of the corolla. 1? . S. Native of the East Indies. Echites caryophyllata, Roth. nov. spec. E. affinis, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 393. Leaves densely clothed with soft down above, and grey tomentum beneath. Corolla with a glabrous tube, which is said to be twice as long as the calyx, in the description by Roth ; it is consequently not a true species of Aganosma. Allied Aganosma. Shrub erect. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. IV. BEAUMO'NTIA (named in compliment to the late Mrs. Beaumont, of Bretton Hall, Yorkshire). Wall. tent. fl. nep. p. 14. t. 7. Bot. reg. 911. Echites species, Roxb. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5, folia- ceous, unequal, erect segments. Corolla with a short tube and a large campanulate 5-lobed limb ; lobes erect, ovate, acute ; throat destitute of scales. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat of the tube, exserted ; anthers sagittate, beardless, co- hering to the stigma : hind lobes without pollen ; filaments free. Style twisted. Ovarium 2-celled, surrounded by a hypogy- nous 5-lobed ring. Stigma oblong, with a bifid point. Follicles 2, large, combined, but at length separating. Seeds furnished with a tuft of hairs at the umbilical end. — Large twining shrubs, with permanent opposite leaves : having the axillary and inter- petiolar cilia subulate and sphaceolate. Corymbs axillary and terminal, many-flowered. This genus agrees with Lyonsia on one hand and Parsonsia on the other. 1 B. GRANDIFLORA (Wall. 1. c.)leaves broad, oblong-obovate ; with a little point, tapering towards the base, smooth and shining above, but rather downy beneath ; calyx downy, f? . /^>. S. Native of Chittagong and Silhet. Echites grandiflora, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 14. Corolla large, white, greenish outside near the base, and dark throat. Young leaves and branches rusty. Great-flowered Beaumontia. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1820. Shrub tw. 2 B. LONGIFOLIA (Lodd. bot. cab. p. 6. for 1830.") nothing more than the name is known of this species. Tj . ^. S. Na- tive of the East Indies. Long-leaved Beaumontia. Shrub tw. Cult. See Echites, p. 76. for culture and propagation. V. PACHYPODIUM (from *-aXwe, pachys, thick, and *ovs iro&>e, pous podos, a foot ; in reference to the thick fleshy roots). Lindl. bot. reg. 1321. — Echites species, Thunb. and Haw. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped ; with a somewhat curved pentagonal tube ; throat and tube scaleless ; segments of the limb obtuse, equal. Sta- mens inserted in the middle of the tube ; anthers sagittate, sub- sessile. Ovaria 2. Styles 2. Hypogynous scales none. Follicles twin, ovate. — Fleshy, lactescent, spiny shrubs, with the habit of some species of Euphorbia. Spines 2-3-lobed, infra-petiolar. Leaves scattered. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary or ag- gregate. Peduncles 1 -flowered. 1 P. GLA'BRDM ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, or obovate-lanceo- late, glabrous. lj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in arid places. Echites bispinosa, Thunb. prod. 37. nov. act. petrop. 14. p. 505. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 69. Lin. suppl. p. 167. Prickles connate. Leaves acute, paler beneath, hardly an inch long. Corolla with a somewhat curved, greenish rufescent tube, bearded with white hairs, and an inflated cam- panulate limb, which is reddish outside, and purplish inside at the base ; segments ovate, obtuse, white. 78 APOCYNE^E. V. PACHYPODIUM. VI. ICHNOCARPUS. VII. HOLARRHENA. VIII. ISONEMA. IX. VALLARIS. Glabrous Pachypodium. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1795. Sh. 1 ft. 2 P. TOMENTOSUM; leaves linear or lanceolate, tomentose be- neath ; glabrous above. T? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in arid places. Echites succulenta, Thunb. prod. 37. nov. act. petrop. 14. p. 505. t. 9. f. 2. Lin. suppl. 167. Prickles filiform, setaceous. Leaves green above, but clothed with fine villi beneath, about an inch long. Corollas rufescent. Follicles ovate, acute. Tomentose Pachypodium. Fl.Jul. Nov. Clt. 1820. Sh. 1 ft. 3 P. TUBEROSUM (Lindl. bot. reg. 1321.) stem tuberous at the base ; leaves oblong, tomentose beneath, glabrous above. f; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in barren plains. Echites tuberosa, Haw. syn. pi. succ. p. 6. ? Lodd. bot. cab. 1676. Prickles straight, subulate. Corolla red outside, and whitish on the upper surface of the limb, tinged with red. Tuberous-rooted Pachypodium. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1813. Shrub 1 foot. Cult. These are very pretty succulent shrubs. A mixture of lime-rubbish, sand, and loam is the best soil for them : and cuttings will strike root readily in sand, under a hand-glass. The plants should not get too much water, when not in a grow- ing state. VI. ICHNOCA'RPUS (ix^e. ichnos, a vestige, and karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the slender follicles). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 62. — Apocynum frutescens, Lin. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla salver-shaped; segments of the limb dimidiate, twisted, hairy; throat and tube without any scales. Stamens inclosed ; anthers sagittate, free from the stigma. Ovaria twin. Style 1, fili- form ; stigma ovate, acute. Hypogynous threads 5, capitate, alternating with the stamens. Follicles slender. — Climbing shrubs, with opposite leaves ; branched, terminal panicles of small, white, inodorous flowers. 1 I. FRUTE'SCENS (R. Br. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 69.) stem twining ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, very long, racemose ; pedicels fascicled ; follicles variable. T? . ^. S. Native of Ceylon, Sirmore, Silhet, Nipaul, and Kamaon. Apocynum frutescens, Lin. fl. zeyl. 114. spec. p. 312. Pers. syn. exclusive of Quiribelia, Lam. Lyama, Roxb. in asiat. res. 4. p. 261. — Burm. fl. zeyl. p. 23. t. 12. f. 1. Echites frutescens, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 12. Leaves variable in shape, deep green above and pale beneath. Flowers small, purple. I. radicans, Wall. cat. hardly appears to be distinct. The Quiribelia Zeylanica, Lam. et Poir. diet. 6. p. 42., considered by them as Linneus's Apocynum frutescens, must, from the description, be widely different, and perhaps does not belong to the same natural order. Shrubby Ichnocarpus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Sh. tw. 2 I. FRA'GRANS (Wall. cat. no. 1676.) leaves oblong-lanceo- late, or oblong, acuminated, tapering to both ends, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, trichotomous, spreading ; segments of the corolla long. T? . ^.8. Native of Nipaul. Flowers large. Follicles long, slender, terete. fragrant Ichnocarpus. Shrub tw. 3 I.? AFZE'LII (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 399.) stems twining ; lower leaves oval, acute ; superior ones oblong or lanceolate ; segments of corolla obtuse ; throat nearly naked. T; . ^. S. Native of Sierra Leone, and about the river Bascha, and along the sea shore on the coast of Lower Guinea, in woods and among bushes. Apocynum frutescens, Afz. rem. guin. 4. p. 28. Shrub glabrous. Peduncles terminal, 2-flowered ; Pedicels drooping. Corollas white, sweet-scented. Follicles combined at the base. Afzelms's Ichnocarpus. SI rub tw. 4 I. LOURE'IRII (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 635.) stem frutescent, erectish ; leaves ovate-oblong ; peduncles lateral, usually 3- flowered. Pj . w. S. Native of Zanzebar. Apocynum Afri- canum, Lour. coeh. 168. Branches scandent. Leaves small, glabrous. Flowers pale. Corolla campanulate, reflexed. Hy- pogynous scales subulate, alternating with 5 coloured glands. Stigma acute, bifid. Follicles conical. Lourelro's Ichnocarpus. Shrub cl. Cult. See Echites, p. 76. for culture and propagation. VII. HOLARRHE'NA (oXoe, olos, entire, and appnf, arr/ien, a male ; in reference to the entire anthers). R. Br. in wern. soc. mem. 1. p. 62. — Carissa, spec. Vahl. LIN. SYST. Pent&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted ; seg- ments subulate. Corolla salver-shaped, with equal-sided seg- ments, and a scale-less throat and tube. Stamens inclosed, inserted in the bottom of the tube ; anthers free from the stigma, lanceolate, entire, bearing the pollen longitudinally. Ovaria twin. Style very short ; Stigmn cylindrical. Hypogynous scales wanting. Follicles slender. — Erect glabrous shrubs. Leaves membranous. Cymes terminal and lateral. 1 H. MITIS (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, attenuated. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Carissa mitis, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 44. t. 59. Leaves 2-3 inches long, shining, purplish beneath. Mild Holarrliena. Shrub. 2 H. ? CODA'GA ; leaves ovate, acuminated, with oblique pa- rallel nerves ; peduncles terminal ; segments of corolla oblong, oblique. Jj. S. Native of Malabar. Codaga-Pala, Rheed. mal. 1. p. 85. t. 47. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Follicles a span long. Codaga Holarrhena. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 3 H. PUBE'SCENS (Wall. cat. no. 1673.) leaves ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, short-acuminated, downy beneath and on the upper surface while young, as well as the branches, peduncles, and calyxes ; corymbs terminal. Jj . S. Native of Nipaul, Kamaon, Martaban, and Tavoy. Echites pubescens, Hamilt. mss. Hardly distinct from Echites an/idyscnterica, Roxb. ; a native of Silhet and Nipaul, the H. antidysenterica, Wall. cat. no. 1672. Downy Holarrhena. Shrub. Cult, For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. VIII. ISONE'MA (from «roe, isos, equal, and yij/xa, nema, a filament). R. Br. in wern. soc. mem. 1. p. 63. LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Monogynia. Corolla salver-shaped : limb 5-parted ; throat and tube without scales. Stamens ex- serted. Filaments inserted in the throat, simple at apex. Anthers sagittate, cohering by their middle to the stigma. Ova- ria twin. Style 1, filiform ; stigma thick, obtuse. Hypogynous scales wanting. Follicles unknown. — An erect hairy shrub, with opposite leaves. Panicles terminal, brachiate ; flowers corymbose. Segments of calyx furnished with a double scale inside at base. Corolla half an inch long ; with a cylindrical tube, which is bearded inside in the middle. 1 I. SMEATHMA'NNI (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 401.) Jj . S. Native of tropical Africa, on the west coast. Smeathtnann's Isonema. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. IX. VALLA'RIS (from vnllo, to inclose ; used for fences in Java.) Burm. ind. p. 51. R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 63. Blum, bijdr. p. 1042. — Emericia, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 401. — Pegularia species, Lin. — Peltanthera, Roth. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla salver-shaped ; with a 5-cleft obtuse limb ; and a scaleless throat and tube. Stamens exserted ; filaments inserted in the throat, very short, furnished with a fleshy swelling outside at the apex ; anthers sagittate, cohering by their middle to the stigma. Ovarium 2-celled. Style filiform ; stigma ovate- conical, furnished with a pearl-like gland on the back. Hypo- APOCYNE.E. IX. VALLARIS. X. HETLYGIA. XI. PARSOSSIA. 79 prnous scales 5, connate at the base and ciliated at the apex. — Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite. Peduncles interpetiolar, or terminal. Flowers corymbose, sweet-scented. Corymbs tri- chotomous. 1 V. PERGCLA'XA (Burna. ind. p. 51.) leaves ovate-elliptic, acute, glabrous ; corymbs axillary, trichotomous, downy ; seg- ment of corolla roundish. I? . /^>. S. Native of the East Indies. Pergularia glabra, Lin. mant. p. 53. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1247. Houtt. Lin. pfl. syst. 3. p. 335. t. 20. f. 1. Ecbites hircosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 18. Flos Pergulanus, Rumph. amb. 5. p. 51. t. 29, Eraericia Pergularia, Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 401. Flowers large, pure white, with a goatish smell. Ca- lycine segments lanceolate, acute. " Pergulana Vallaris. Fl. ? CIt. 1818. Shrub tw. 2 V. LAXIFLORA (Blum bijdr. p. 1043.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; corymbs axillary and terminal, tricho- tomous, on long peduncles, glabrous. H . *"\ S. Native of Java, in shady mountain woods, in the province of Buitenzorg. Loose -jtoirered Vallaris. Shrub tw. 3 V. DICHOTOMA (Wall. cat. no. 1621.) leaves lanceolate- oblong, glabrous ; racemes axillary, dichotomous ; segments of corolla roundish ; filaments bearded and woolly. Jj . /"\ S. Native of Bengal, in forests near Calcutta. Echites dichotoma, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 19. Leaves on very short petioles, 3 inches long. Flowers large, pure white, fragrant. Calycine segments cordate, pointed. Follicles oblong, large, 6 inches long. Dichotomotu-racemed Vallaris. Shrub tw. 4 V. ? CLAVA'TA : dicbotomous ; leaves broad-lanceolate, en- tire, villous beneath ; panicles axillary dichotomous ; tube of corolla clavate ; with the segments of the border falcate ; anthers linear, inclosed. '- . ^. S. Native of the Moluccas. Echites clavata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 20. This comes nearest to V. dichotoma, but dJffers sufficiently in the length of the tube, the jients of the border, and the stamina, to authorize its being considered as a distinct species. (Roxb.) C7ara/e-tubed Va'laris. Shrub tw. f The seeds of the two following species being naked, they probably belong to the genus Strophanthus, or trill form a nearly allied genus. 5V.? DIVARICA'TA ; stems nearly erect ; leaves broad-lan- ceolate, glabrous, undulated ; peduncles 2-flowered, divaricate, terminal. ^ . G. Native of China. Pergularia divaricata, Lour. coch. p. 168. Periploca divaricata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 836. Emericia divaricata, Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 401. Flowers yellow, suffused with red. Segments of calyx subulate. Corolla with a thick tube, and very long subulate segments. Scales 5, sagittate, seated in the mouth of the tube of the corolla. Ovariuuj ovate, 2-lobe'. Style filiform, length of stamens; stigma acute, erect, bifid. Follicles 2, oblong, manv-seeded. Seeds longish, naked. Perhaps a species of Strophanthus, or a new genus nearly allied to it. Diraricate Vallaris. Shrub erectish. 6 \ .? SISE jisis : leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, glabrous; pe- duncles many-flowered, axillary, and terminal. fj . *^. G. ve of China. Pergularia Sinensis, Lour. p. 168. Emeri- cia Sinensis. Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 402. Periploca Chi- nensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 836. Corollas yellow; with long, linear segments. Scales 5, sagittate, seated in the mouth of the corolla. Style filiform ; stigma conical, 5-furrowed. Fol- licles oblong, many-seeded. Seeds naked, ovate. Perhaps a species of Strophanthus. China Vallaris. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. X. HEYLY'GIA meaning not explained by the author). Blum, bijdr. p. 1043. LIN. STST. Pentdndria, Monagynia. Calyx quinquefid. Corolla rotate, with a short, ventricose tube, and oblique seg- ments. Stamens exserted ; filaments inserted in the tube of the corolla, surrounding the style in a spiral manner. Anthers sagittate, cohering to the stigma. Stigma clavate. Ovarium didymous, girded by 5 hypogynous scales. Seeds with a tuft of hairs at the upper extremity. — A twining shrub ; with oppo- site, ovate-elliptic, glabrous leaves ; and axillary, dichotomous, corymbs of flowers. 1 H. JAVA'KICA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1043.). »j. ^. S. Native of Java, among bushes on the mountains, where it is called Aroy Ferru ng-utang. Jara Heylygia. Fl. year. Shrub tw. Cult. See Echites, p. 76. for culture and propagation. XI. PARSO'NSIA (named in memory of James Parsons, M.D., author of an unfinished work, named The Microscopical Theatre of Seeds ; and of a Dissertation on the Analogy be- tween the Propagation of Animals and that of Vegetables). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. p. 64. prod. p. 465. but not of P. Browne. Echites species, Jacq. et Swartz. Lix. STST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Corolla funnel-shaped ; with a 5-parted recurved limb ; segments of the limb equal- sided ; throat and tube without scales. Stamens exserted ; filaments filiform, inserted in the middle or nigh the base of the tube ; anthers sagittate, cohering by their middle to the stigma : having the hind lobes destitute of pollen. Ovaria twin or soli- tary, 2-celled. Style 1 ; stigma dilated. Hypogynous scales 5, distinct or connate. Follicles 2, distinct or combined. — Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers cymose or racemose ; ra- cemes usually compound, terminal, or interpetiolar. * Americanos. Ovaria twin. Follicles distinct. Forsteronia, Meyer, ess. 133. 1 P. CORYMBOSA (R. Br. 1. c.) racemes corymbose ; stamens elongated ; leaves oval-lanceolate, glabrous. (j . *"*. S. Native of St. Domingo, in woods. Echites corymbosa, Jacq. arner. 34. t 30. ed. pict. t. 37. Swartz, obs. p. 105. Forsteronia corym- bosa, Meyer, ess. 1 34. Leaves ovate or obovate, 2 inches long. Flowers small, red. Segments of calyx concave, connivent. Corym6o*e-flowered Parsonsia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub tw. 2 P. FLORIBO'NDA (R. Br. 1. c.) racemes compound, corym- bose ; leaves ovate or elliptic, acuminated, glabrous ; branches erectish. lj . *"*. S. Native of Jamaica, among bushes on the mountains. Echites floribunda, Swartz, prod. p. 52. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 534. Leaves shining, stiffish. Racemes axillary. Flowers small, white. Corolline segments acuminated. Caly- cine teeth acute. Bundle-ftmrered Parsonsia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1 820. Sh. tw. 3 P. SPICA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) spikes racemose, dense-flowered, axillary, short, opposite ; stamens elongated ; leaves nearly ovate or oblong-acuminated, bifarious, smoothish. Jj . ^\ S. Native of Carthagena, in woods. Echites spicata, Jacq. amer. 34. t. 29. ed. pict. t. 36. Forsteronia spicata, Meyer, ess. 1 35. Leaves -| foot long. Flowers numerous, white, almost sessile. Calycine segments ovate, concave, white. Segments of corolla lanceolate, acute. /Sjjicate-flowered Parsonsia. Shrub tw. * * AustralasictiE. Ocarium 2-ceUed. Follicles cohering lengthwise. 4 P. FORSTE'RI ; cymes axillary, diffuse ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous. Tj . ^. G. Native of New Zealand. Periploca capsularis, Forst. prod. no. 126. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1251. Forster's Parsonsia. Shrub tw. 80 APOCYNE^l. XI. PARSONSIA. XII. LYONSIA. XIII. THENARDIA. XIV. ADENUM. XV. APOCYNUM. 5 P. VELUTINA (R. Br. prod. p. 466.) cymes pedunculate, opposite; leaves cordate, ovate, acute or acuminated, downy, Jj . ^"\ S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Ecliites velutina, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 634. Velvety Parsonsia. Shrub tw. 6 P. MOLLIS (R. Br. 1. c.) cymes bifid ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, soft, downy. Tj . ^. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Ecliites mollis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 634. Soft Parsonsia. Shrub tw. 7 P. LANCEOLA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) cymes bifid ; leaves lanceo- late, acuminated, glabrous. fj . *"\ S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Ecliites lanceolata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 634. Lanceolate-leaved Parsonsia. Shrub tw. § 3. Asi&ticce. Ovarium 2-celled. Follicles cohering length- raise ? Natives of A sia. 8 P. OVA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 1630.) panicle terminal, diffuse; composed of trichotomous peduncles ; flowers corymbose ; leaves on long petioles, ovate- acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base, glabrous. ^ . ^. S. Native of Silhet. Cudicia tricho- toma, Hamilt herb. Ovate-\ea\ed Parsonsia. Shrub tw. 9 P. SPIRA'LIS (Wall. cat. no. 1631.) glabrous; peduncles axillary, dichotomous or trichotomous ; flowers corymbose ; leaves coriaceous, ovate, acute. 1? . r\ S. Native of the East Indies. Follicle ovate-lanceolate. Spiral Parsonsia. Shrub tw. 10 P. OBLONGA (Wall. cat. no. 1632.) glabrous; peduncles axillary, triehotomous ; flowers corymbose ; leaves coriaceous, oblong, acuminated. Jj . ^. S. Native of Rangoon and Moal- meyne. Oblong-leaved Parsonsia. Shrub tw. IIP. JAVA'NICA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1041.) leaves ovate or elliptic-oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous ; corymbs terminal or axillary, trichotomous ; throat of corolla naked ; branches subsarmentose. Jj . '"\ S. Native of Java, in moun- tain woods. Java Parsonsia. Fl. year. Shrub tw. 12 P. BARBAVTA (Blum, bijdr. 1042.) leaves on short petioles, opposite, or 3 in a whorl, oblong, acuminated or bluntish, gla- brous, tomentose in the axils of the veins beneath ; corymbs axillary or terminal, trichotomous ; throat of corolla bearded ; branches climbing. \j . ^,. S. Native of Java, among bushes, at Kuripan, where it is called Tjunkankan. Bearded-flowered Parsonsia. Fl. May, June. Shrub cl. •f~ A species hardly known. 13 P. MYRTIFOLIA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 403.) leaves ovate, acute at both ends, glabrous ; flowers subumbellate, much shorter than the leaves. 1? . ^\ S. Native of Madagascar. Ecliites myrtifolia, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 637. Said by Poiret to be very nearly allied to P. corymbbsa. Flowers terminal. Seg- ments of the corolla oblong, narrow. Myrtle-leaved Parsonsia. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echltes, p. 76. XII. LYO'NSIA (in memory of Israel Lyons, author of Fasciculus Plantarum circa Cantabrigiam nascentium ; and from whom Sir Joseph Banks received his earliest instructions in botany). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 66. prod. p. 466. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped ; with a 5-parted recurved limb ; segments of the limb equal-sided, valvate in aestivation ; throat and tube with- out scales. Stamens exserted : filaments inserted in the middle of the tube, filiform ; anthers sagittate, cohering by their middle to the stigma ; with the hind lobes destitute of pollen. Ova- rium 2-celled. Style 1 , filiform, dilated at the apex ; stigma somewhat conical. Hypogynous scales connate. Capsule cylin- drical, 2-celled, with follicle-formed valves, and a free, parallel dissepiment, which is seminiferous on both sides, and adnate placentas. — Shrub twining. Leaves opposite. Cymes terminal, trichotomous. Flowers small, with bearded limbs. Lyonsia differs principally from Parsonsia in the fruit being a capsule. 1 L. STRAMINEA (R. Br. prod. p. 4G6.). ^ . ^. G. Native of New South Wales, and Van Diemen's Land. Straw-coloured Lyonsia. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echltes, p. 76. XIII. THENA'RDIA (named by Kunth after his friend L. J. Thenard, who has written on the chemical physiology of plants). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 209. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla rotate, with a very short tube, and a 5-parted limb ; segments of the limb equal-sided ; throat naked. Stamens ex- serted, inserted in the base of the corolla ; anthers sagittate, adhering by their middle to the stigma. Ovaria 2, girded by 5 hypogynous scales. Style filiform ; stigma pentagonal, ter- minated by a clavate tubercle. — Shrubs twining. Leaves oppo- site. Peduncles interpetiolar, somewhat trichotomously branched. Flowers umbellately crowded on long pedicels, bracteate, with the appearance of those of Soldnum tuberbsum. This genus differs from E xotliostemon in the corolla being rotate. 1 T. FLORIBU'NDA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 210. t. 240.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous. ^ . /"\ S. Native near the city of Mexico. Leaves 2-j to 3 inches long. Flowers greenish white. Bundle-JIomered Thenardia. Clt. 1823. Shrub tw. 2 T. UMBELLA'TA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 636.) leaves ovate, acuminated, tomentose beneath ; cymes terminal. Tj . '"'. S. Native of Cayenne. Apocynum umbellatum, Aubl. guian. 1 . p. 275. t. 108. Flowers purplish, on bibracteate pedicels. Calycine segments oblong, obtuse. Umbellale-fiowered Thenardia. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation seeEchiles, p. 76. XIV. ADENUM (Aden is the Arabic name of the tree.) Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. xxxv. and 41 1. — Nerium species, Forsk. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped, downy, furnished with 5 villous lines inside ; segments of the limb roundish. Filaments short, inserted in the upper end of the narrower part of the tube ; anthers sagittate, cohering with the stigma, ending in a pilose bristle at the apex, length of corolla. Ovaria 2, globose. Style length of anthers ; stigma capitate, bidentate at apex, side quinquidentate. Hy- pogynous scales none. Throat of corolla naked. — A shrub, with a soft caudex, referrible to a bulb, of the size of a man's head. Branches thickness of a finger, same substance as the caudex, attenuated at top; floriferous branches woody, and full of cicatrices. Leaves approximate at the tops of the branches, S inches long, oblong, narrowed at the base, mucronate, veinless, villously tomentose beneath, when young soft on both surfaces, with some rigid bristles in the axils. Corymbs terminal, many- flowered ; pedicels short, villous. Anthers yellow, with a brown mark inside. 1 A. OBE'SUM (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 411.) fj . G. Native of Arabia Felix, on Mount Melhan. Nerium obesum, Forsk. descr. p. 205. Vahl. symb. 2. p. 45. Cameraria obesa, Spreng. l.p. 641. Fat Adenium. Shrub. Cult. See Pachypbdium, p. 78., for culture and propagation. XV. APO'C YN UM (a nameadopted by Dioscorides, from OTTO, apo, from, and KVWV KVVOS, kyon kynos,& dog ; because it was sup- APOCYNE.£. XV. APOCYSCM. 81 wern. soc. 1. p. 67. — FIG. 12. posed to kill dogs). R. Br. in mem. Ap6cynum species, Lin. and Juss. LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla campanulate; tube inclosing 5 acute teeth, which are op- posite the segments of the limb; throat naked. Stamens in- closed : anthers sagittate, cohering by the middle to the stigma ; having the hind lobes without pollen. Ovaria 2. Styles almost wanting ; stigma dilated, conical at top. Hypogynous scales 5. Follicles slender, distinct. — Perennial erect herbs; natives of North America and the south of Europe. Leaves opposite, membranous. Flowers cymose. 1 A. AXDROS-EMIFOLICM (Lin. spec. 311. R. Br. 1. c.) leaves ovate, glabrous ; cymes termi- nal and lateral ; tube of corolla twice as long as the calyx. 1£. H. Native of Virginia and Canada. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. ). p. 179. Lam. ill. t. 176. f. 1. Curt. bot. mag. t. 280. — Bocc. sic. 35. t. 16. f. 3. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 609. sect. 15. t. 3. f. 16. Leaves pale be- neath. Corollas pale red, uith darker stripes. Androscemvm-leared Dogs'- bane. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1688. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 2 A. CANSA'BIKCM (Lin. spec. 311. R. Br. 1. c. p. 68.) leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, glabrous ; cvmes panicled ; calyx equal in length to the tube of the corolla. "%. . H. Native of Canada and \ irginia, in fields and woods, where it is com- monly called Indian hemp. Flowers yellowish-green, small. The Indians prepare the stems of this plant as we do hemp, and make fishing-nets, twine, bags, &c. of it. far. p : leaves oblong-oval, clothed with white down be- neath ; panicles downy. Ti. H. A. cannabinum, Micbx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 122. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 179. — Pluk. aim. t. 13. f. 1. Hemp Dogs'-bane. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1699. PI. 2 to 3 ft, 3 A. PVBE'SCEXS (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, mucro- nate, obtuse at the base, downy on both surfaces, as well as the cymes: calyx about equal in length to the corolla. If.. H. Native of Virginia. Downy Dogs'-bane. PI. I to 2 feet. 4 A. HTPERiciFOLirM (R. Br. in Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 74.) leaves oblong, glabrous, mucronate, on very short pe- tioles, obtuse and somewhat cordate at die base ; cvmes shorter than the leaves : calyx about equal in length to the tube of the corolla. TJ.. H. Native from New York to Virginia, on the gravelly shores of rivers. A- Sibiricum, Jacq. hort. 3. t, 66. Flowers small, white, or reddish. St. John' s-itort-leated Dogs'-bane. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1758. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 5 A. SIBIRICUM (R. Br. 1. c. p. 68. Led. fl. alt. illust. t. 240.) leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate, mucronate. glabrous, obtuse at the base ; cymes alternate, pedunculate, disposed in a ter- minal panicle ; tube of corolla exceeding the calyx ; pedicels and calyxes clothed with powdery down. If. . H. Native about A^trachan and Lotewsk, in salt marshy deserts, where it was collected by Pallas and Ledebour. A. venetum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 177. exclusive of the syn. of Falck and Hablitz. Asclepias rubra, Sievers, in Pall. fl. nord. beitr. There are 2 varieties of this species, a broader and a narrower leaved variety. Siberian Dogs'-bane. PI. 2 feet. 6 A. VEXE'TUM (Lin. spec. 311. R. Br. 1. c.) leaves oblong- VOL. rr. elliptic, glabrous, mucronate, somewhat attenuated at the base ; cymes panicled, lateral and terminal ; calyx about equal in length to the tube of the corolla. Tf.. H. Native of the south of Europe, islands of the Adriatic sea, and in the sand along the Euxine sea, £c. — Falck, itin. 2. t. 4. — Lob. icon. 372. f. 1-2. Flowers red. far. ft ; leaves narrower ; flowers white. Tourn. inst. p. 92. Venetian Dogs'-bane. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1690. PI. 2 ft. f Species not so nxll known at to be inserted in their proper genera in the order ; they hate been placed trith Apocynum by tariout authors, but certainly do not properly belong to the genus. 7 A. RETICCLA'TTM (Lin. spec. 312.) stem twining; leaves cordate-ovate, veiny, glabrous. 1j . **\ S. Native of the East Indies. Roy. lugdb. 412. O'lus crudum. Rumph. amb. 5. p. 75. t. 40. f. 2. Loureiro's plant under this name is said to have hairy stems; ovate, acuminated, shining leaves; axil- lary umbels of small flowers, and the 5 fertile filaments altern- ating with sterile ones. Perhaps a species of Ichnocarpus. Reticulated leaved Apocynum. Shrub tw. 8 A. TILLEFOLIUH (Lam. diet. 1. p. 214.) stems twining, suf- fruticose ; leaves roundish-cordate, acuminated, on long pe- tioles, t; . ^\ S. Native of the East Indies.— Rheed. mal. 9. t. 15. — Rumph. amb. 5. t. 175. f. t. f Leaves green on both surfaces, length of petioles. Flowers large, in axillary umbel- formed fascicles, shorter than the leaves. Corolla campanulate, villous inside. Perhaps a species of Daenua. TUia-ltated Apocynum. Shrub tw. 9 A. PAXICULA'TCM (Lam. diet. 1. p. 212.) stem twining, shrubby ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; flowers ter- minal, and axillary, panicled. ^ . *"*. S. Native of Guiana, in meadows about Sinemari. A. Acouci, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 274. t. 107. Bark of stem white. Leaves 3 inches long. Flowers small, white, in corymbs of 3-5 flowers ; with scaly bracteas at the base. -Ponicferf-flowered Apocynum. Shrub tw. 10 A. vixciFLORUM (Burm. ind. p. 71.) stem erectish, peren- nial; leaves ovate-oblong; peduncles lateral, 2-flowered. fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Asclepias Javanica angustifolia, Garcin, herb. Stems reddish. Leaves acuminated, rusty beneath. Vinca-Jloifered Apocynum. PL 11 A. CAKARIE'KSE (Lam. diet. 1. p. 215.) shrubby; leaves ovate, acuminated ; tops of follicles recurved. Tj . G. Native of the Canary islands. Apocyn. arboresc. Canariense, Elaeagni facie, Tourn. p. 92. — Pluk, aim. 35. t. 260. f. 3. Flowers small, axillary, sub-cymose. Follicles long. Canary-island Apocynum. Shrub. 12 A. COTIXIFOLIUM (Lam. diet. 1. p. 215.) leaves roundish, obtuse, green ; flowers small, corymbose, terminal. V- . S. Native of Java. Flowers campanulate, on bibracteate tricho- tomous peduncles, which are rather tomentose at top. Cotinus-leared Apocynum. Shrub. 13 A. AGGLOJIERA'TCM (Poir. diet, suppl. 1. p. 407.) stem climbing ; leaves elliptic, obtuse, mucronate ; flowers cymose, glomerate ; corolla with a pilose throat. T; . *"\ S. Native of St. Domingo. Leaves downy beneath and hairy ; the veins confluent at the margins. Calycine segments ovate, obtuse, white, membranous, ciliated. Gforaero^e-flowered Apocynum. Shrub cL 14 A. JCVE'NTAS (Lour. coch. p. 167.) stem twining; leaves ovate, pilose ; racemes dichotomous, axillary. ^ . /^>. S. Na- tive of Cochinchina, in fields. Branches red, hahy. Root large, fleshy, undivided. Flowers small, greenish yellow. Co- rolla campanulate. Hypogynous scales 5, combined. Anthers 5, scale-formed, adhering to the base of the nectarium : and 5 sterile, erect filaments. Stigma sessile, concave, bifid. Follicles M 82 APOCYNE^E. XV. APOCYNUM. XVI. CRYPTOLEPIS. XVII. EXOTHOSTEMON. 2. The Chinese physicians fancy the roots of this plant to refresh the animal spirits to such a degree as by a long use of it to endow old age with all the strength and vigour of youth. Youthful Apocynum. Shrub tw. 15 A. SCA'NDENS (Mill. diet. no. 5.) leaves oblong, cordate, stiff; flowers lateral ; stem fruticose, twining. Tj . r^. S. Na- tive about Carthagena. A. scandens foliis citri, siliquis macu- latis. Plum. cat. no. 2. Leaves quite glabrous. Racemes short. Flowers green. Climbing Apocynum Shrub tw. 16 A. NERVOSUM (Mill. diet. no. 9.) stem fruticose, scandent ; leaves ovate, nerved ; cymes lateral ; flowers yellow, large, with a very long tube. J? . ^. S. Native of Carthagena. Leaves mucronate. Follicles compressed, marginated on one side. Seeds striated. Nerved-leaved Apocynum. Shrub cl. 17 A. CORDA'TUM (Mill. diet. no. 10.) leaves oblong-cordate, mucronate, sessile ; flowers lateral ; stems scandent. I? . w. S. Native of Vera Cruz. Houst. mss. fig. pi. no. 8. t. 44. f. 5. Flowers large, yellow. Probably a species of Echites. Cordate-leaved. Apocynum. Shrub cl. 18 A. VILLOSUM (Mill. diet. no. 11.) leaves cordate, glabrous ; flowers villous, sessile, longer than the petioles ; stem scandent. fj . w. S. Native of Vera Cruz. Houst. mss. pi. t. 44. f. 2. Flowers large, villous, yellow. Follicles tumid, angular. Per- haps a species of Echites. Fillous Apocynum. Shrub cl. Cult. Common garden soil answers well for the species ; and they are easily increased by suckers from the root, which in most of the species rise in great numbers. Some of the rarer kinds may be grown in a peat border with greater success. XVI. CRYPTOLETIS (from Kprnrw, krypto, to hide, and XtiriQ, lepis, a scale ; in reference to the scales in the tube of the corolla). R. Br. in wern. mem. soc. 1. p. 69. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube inclosing 5 obtuse, wedge-shaped scales, which alternate with the segments of the limb ; throat naked. Stamens in- closed, inserted in the bottom of the tube ; anthers sagittate. Ovaria 2. Style wanting ; stigma dilated, 5-sided, ending in a conical point. Hypogynous scales 5. Follicles lanceolate, horizontal. — Shrubs twining. Leaves opposite, of a different colour beneath, and veiny. Corymbs interpetiolar, almost ses- sile, very short. 1 C. BUCHANA'NI (Roam. etSchultes, syst. 4. p. 409.) flowers small, yellow ; leaves oblong, white and veiny beneath ; corymbs interpetiolar, almost sessile, fj . /^>. S. Native of the East Indies. Nerium reticulatum, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 9. C. Wightiana, Wall. cat. no. 4457. and C. reticulatum, Wall. cat. 1640. are only different states of C. Buchanani. Buchanan's Cryptolepis. Shrub tw. 2 C. E'LEGANS (Wall. cat. no. 1639.) leaves oblong, mucro- nate, glaucous beneath, somewhat cordate at the base ; peduncles terminal, panicled. \j . S. Native of Silhet and Goalpara. Camellia tenella, Hamilt. mss. Elegant Cryplolepis. Shrub tw. Cult. See Echites, p. 76, for culiure and propagaiion. XVII. EXOTHOSTE'MON (t&Ow, exotho, to protrude, and oTr)nv, stemon, a stamen ; in reference to the exserted stamens). — Echites species, H. B. et Kunih, &c. and some other authors. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parled; segmenls each furnished with a scale inside at the base. Corolla funnel- shaped ; throat clothed with silky hairs ; segments of the limb unequal-sided, roundish on one side and acuminated or angular on the other. Stamens exserted ; filaments short, dilaled at top, pilose inside ; anthers oblong or oblong-linear, emarginalely 2-lobed al the base, cohering with the stigma. Ovaria twin, girded by 5 hypogynous, fleshy scales. Style filiform. Fol- licles slender, lorulose. — Twining shrubs, natives of South Ame- rica. Leaves opposite, with interpetiolar glands at the base. Peduncles interpetiolar, racemose. Flowers showy, white, or yellow. This genus comes near to Parsonsia or Foslercnia, Meyer. 1 E. BUACTEAVTUM ; leaves elliptic, mucronately cuspidate, cordate, downy above, but canescent from tomentum beneath ; bracteas large, ovate, acuminated, coloured, much longer than the calyx. Jj . *"*. S. Native of New Granada, near Mari- quita, in the temperate regions of the mountains. Echites bracteata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 217. Glands about 4, subulate, glabrous, situated at the base of the middle nerve of each leaf. Calycine segments lanceolate ; with a subulate point, with ovate deltoid scales inside. Corollas orange- coloured, hairy outside. Bracteate Exothostemon. Fl. June. Shrub tw. 2 E. MOLLISSIMUM ; leaves oblong- cordate, downy above, but canescent from short hair-like tomentum beneath ; bracteas lanceolate-subulate, about equal in length to the calyx. Jj . ^. S. Native of New Granada, between Honda and the mine of San- tanna. Echites mollissima, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 218. Leaves without glands at the base? Calycine seg- ments ovate, acuminated, furnished each with an ovate, lanceolate scale inside. Corollas yellow, hairy outside. Very soft Exothostemon. Fl. July. Shrub tw. 3 E. MACROPHY'I.LUM ; leaves somewhat obovate-elliptic, cus- pidate, cordate, clothed with adpressed hairs above, and sub- canescent hair-like down beneath ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, about equal in length to the calyx. ^ . ^. S. Native of the banks of the Orinoco, near San Borja ; and of the island of Panunama. Echites macrophylla, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 218. Echites mollis, Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 795. Glands at base of leaves hardly seen. Corollas yellow, size of those of Vinca rbsea, downy outside. Segments of calyx lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, furnished each with a scale inside. Leaves 5 inches long and 2-j broad. Long-leaved Exothostemon. Fl. May. Shrub tw. 4 E. GRA'CILE ; leaves oblong-lanceolate : superior ones lan- ceolate, acuminated, cordate, glabrous above and hairy beneath ; bracteas lanceolate-subulate, about equal in length to the pedi- cels ; calycine segments ovate-lanceolate, furnished each with an ovate deltoid scale inside. Jj . ^. S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco, in humid places, between May pure and Ature. Echites gracilis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 219. Leaves 2-J inches long ; with the glands at the base hardly visible. Corollas yellow, glabrous outside. Slender Exothostemon. Fl. May. Shrub tw. 5 E. SPECIOSUM; leaves oblong, acuminated, cordate, glabrous above, and hairy beneath ; bracteas linear-subulate, minute ; calycine segments ovate, acuminated, furnished each with a scale inside. J? . r^. S. Native along with the preceding. Echites speciosa, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 219. Corollas yellow. Leaves 2-J- inches long, furnished with glands inside at the base. Showy Exothostemon. Shrub tw. 6 E. JAVITE'NSE ; leaves elliptic-oblong, short-acuminated, rounded at the base, smoothish above and roughish beneath ; spikes terminal, solitary ; bracteas large, oblong, acuminated, coloured ; calycine segments roundish-ovate, obtuse, furnished each with a scale inside. Tj.^.S. Native in the Missions of the Orinoco, in shady places, on the banks of the river Temi, near Javka. Echites Javitensis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. APOCYNE^E. XVIII. H^MADICTYON. XIX. CERCOCOMA. XX. PRESTOKU. 83 amer. 3. p. 220. Leaves 4-4i inches long ; with the glands at the base hardly visible. Spikes almost sessile, half a foot long. Flowers sessile. Corolla glabrous, with a green tube and a yellow limb, with reflexed segments. This species differs par- ticularly from the rest in the flowers being disposed in terminal spikes, instead of interpetiolar racemes. Javita Exothostemon. Fl. June. Shrub tw. 7 E. PALUDOSUM; leaves oblong or oblong-linear, acute at both ends, glabrous; flowers 2-4 together, terminal, pedunculate; calycine segments oblong, acute. Tj . ^. S. Native of Cuba, and other parts of America, on the sea shore. Echites paludosa, Vahl. eclog. 2. p. 19. t. 5. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 221. Leaves 2 or 2^ inches long, without any glands at the base. Corollas white, glabrous outside. Marsh Exothostemon. Fl. March. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. XVIII. H.EMADl'CTYONa, haima, blood, and f Ik-rue^, dictyon, a net ; in reference to the veins and nerves of the leaves being red). Lindl. in hort. trans. 6. p. 71. Echites species, Sims and Tussac. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Corolla salver-shaped ; segments reflexed, equal, dilated ; throat of the tube furnished with 5 inclosed scales. Stamens inclosed ; anthers sagittate, cohering by their middle to the stigma. Ovaria twin. Style filiform ; stigma capitate. Hypogynous glands 5, alternating with the calycine segments. — Twining shrubs, with opposite leaves, and axillary racemes of flowers. 1 H. VENOSUM (Lindl. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, glabrous, a little blistered, and beautifully traversed by crimson veins ; racemes drooping. \ . r^. S. Native of St. Vincent. Echites niitans, Sims, bot. mag. 2473. Echites sanguinolenta, Tussac. fl. ant. Flowers of a yellow green colour, pale in the center. F«'n«/-leaved Haemadictyon. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1821. Shrub tw. 2 H. SUBERE'CTA ; leaves rather ovate, downy beneath, mu- cronate ; racemes many-flowered. Jj . f*. S. Native of Ja- maica and St. Domingo. Echites suberecta, Swartz, obs. 101. Jacq. amer. 32. t. 26. icon. pict. t. 33. Andr. bot. rep. 187. Sims, bot. mag. 1064. Apocynum speciosissimum, Mill. diet. Nerium sarmentosum, Browne, jam. 180. — Sloan, jam. p. 89. hist. 1. p. 206. t. 130. f. 2. Corollas large, with a cylindrical tube : hairy outside, yellow. Hypogynous scales concave, obtuse. Stems scandent, hardly twining. Calycine segments lanceolate. Erectish Haemadictyon. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1759. Sh. cl. 3 H. CIRCINA'LIS ; leaves elliptic, glabrous ; racemes many- flowered : having the peduncles articulated; teeth of calyx acute. \i . ^. S. Native of the Antilles, and St. Domingo. Echites circinalis, Jacq. Swartz. prod. 52. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 529. Flowers small, white, with undulated segments and villous throat. Calyx and corolla velvety outside. Circinal Haemadictyon. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. XIX. CERCOCO'MA (from ceproc, kerkos, a tail, and KOfin, kome, a head of hair ; in reference to the stipitate tuft of hairs at the top of the seed). Wall. cat. no. 1623. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx short, 5-toothed. Corolla salver-shaped ; with a terete tube and a 5-lobed spread- ing limb. Stamens inclosed. Follicles 2, divaricate, horizontal, large, 9 inches long, acuminated, 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds lanceolate, tapering to the top, where it ends in a long, stipitate tuft of white hairs. — Branches warted. Leaves opposite, gla- brous, oblong, acuminated. Panicles corymbose, furnished with many opposite, ovate, acute small bracteas. 1 C. SINGAPORIA NA (Wall, cat. no. 1623.). fj. S. Native of the East Indies. Singapore Cercocoma. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. XX. PRESTO'NIA (named after Charles Preston, M. D., a correspondent of Ray ; and styled by him " Eruditissimus vir, et Curiosissimus stirpium Observator." Many of his observa- tions, chiefly on the more minute plants, occur in Ray's " Me- thodus emendata." Blair also mentions him as an ingenious and expert botanist). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 69. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 221. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla salver-shaped ; throat crowned with an undivided annular tube, and 5 scales, which alternate with the segments of the limb. Anthers semi-exserted, sagittate, cohering by their middle to the stigma ; with the hind lobes destitute of pollen. Ova- ria 2. Style 1, filiform, dilated at top; stigma turbinate : with a narrower point. Hypogynous scales 5, distinct or joined. Follicles like those of Echites. — Twining shrubs. Leaves oppo- site. Corymbs or racemes crowded, interpetiolar. Calyx foli- aceous : having the segments furnished each with a scale inside at the base. 1 P. TOMENTOSA (R. Br. 1. c. p. 70.) tomentose ; corymbs crowded ; hypogynous scales combined into an urceolus. T? . '\ S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro, where it was collected by Sir Joseph Banks. Flowers large, yellow. Tomentose Prestonia. Shrub tw. 2 P. MOLLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 221. t. 242.) leaves ovate-oblong, acute, subcordate, hairy above, but clothed with soft canescent down beneath ; flowers race- mose ; hypogynous scales free. Ij . '\ S. Native on the banks of the river Amazon, near Tornependa, in the province of Jaen de Bracamoros. Flowers large, yellow : hairy, ventricose at the base, and downy. Soft Prestonia. Fl. Aug. Shrub tw. 3 P. GLABRA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 222.) leaves ovate-oblong, short-acuminated, cordate, glabrous ; flowers racemose ; hypogynous scales free. fj . ''X S. Native of Quito, near Guayaquil, on the shore of the Pacific Ocean. Corollas yellow, size of those of Vinca rbsea. Pedicels hairy. Glabrous Prestonia. Fl. Feb. Shrub tw. 4 P. HIRSC'TA ; leaves oblong-oval, acuminated, villous be- neath ; flowers racemose ; hypogynous scales free. tj . *"*. S. Native of Peru, in forests. Echites hirsuta, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 19. t. 136. Glands one or two at the base of each leaf. Calycine segments acute in the flowering state, but blunt in the fruiting state. Corollas yellow. Hairy Prestonia. Shrub tw. 5 P. PERUVIA'NA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 637.) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminated, tomentose, glanduliferous ; peduncles race- mose, tj . '"*. S. Native of Peru, in woods. Echites glan- dulosa, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 19. t. 135. Stems bearing glands at the joints, in the recesses at the base of the leaves, and along the petioles and stipulas. Leaves large, white be- neath, with red or purplish veins. Pedicels reflexed. Corollas large, yellow. Perhaps a species of Hcemadictyon, Peruvian Prestonia. Shrub tw. 6 P. O.DINQUANGULAVRIS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 637.) leaves obovate or oblong-ovate, acuminated ; peduncles racemose, generally 8-flowered ; calycine segments with reflexed tops. Tj . ^. S. Native of South America, and the West Indies. Echites quinquangularis, Jacq. amer. 32. t. 25. ed. pict. t. 32. Stems scabrous. Leaves 3 inches long. Corolla large, green, with a yellowish limb : and having the throat of the tube pen- M 2 84 APOCYNE^E. XXI. BALFOURIA. XXII. NERIUM. XXIII. STUOPHANTHUS. tagonal and white ; segments of limb broad and truncate at the apex. Anthers length of tube. Said to be non-lactescent. Five-angled-fiowered Prestonia. Shrub tw. 7 P. ANNULA'RIS ; leaves large ; corolla furnished with a pro- minent ring ; racemes pedunculate, bifid ; hypogynous scales distinct, fy . *"\ S. Native of Surinam. Echites annularis, Lin. suppl. 166. Leaves nearly a foot long. Segments of corolla emarginate. Stigma obtuse, girded by a ring. -^nnwZar-flowered Prestonia. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. XXI. BALFOITRIA (in memory of Sir Andrew Balfour, the founder of the Edinburgh Botanic Garden and Museum, of whose merits in natural history, especially in botany, an inter- esting account is given by his friend Sir Robert Sibbald, in a small volume entitled " Memoria Balfouriana."). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 70. prod. p. 467. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogjnia. Corolla salver-shaped, throat crowned by a little crenulated tube ; segments of the limb straight, equal-sided. Stamens inserted in the throat, a little exserted : anthers sagittate, mucronate, cohering by their middle to the stigma. Ovarium 2-celled. Style 1, filiform, dilated at apex; stigma angular. Scales 10, inserted at the base of the calyx outside the corolla : hypogynous ones none. Follicles unknown. — A small tree, about 12 feet high. Leaves opposite, lanceolate-linear, falcate ; furnished with interpetiolar teeth. Cymes trifid, lateral, and terminal. 1 B. SALIGNA (R. Br. prod. 467.). Tj . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Willowy Balfouria. Tree 12 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Nerium, below. XXII. NE'RIUM (from vripoc, neros, humid; habitat of spe- cies.) R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 71. Lam. ill. t. 174. f. 1. — Nerium, species of Lin. ed Juss. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria Monogy'nia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla salver-shaped; throat crowned by lacerated multifid segments ; segments of the limb twisted, unequal-sided, tailless. Filaments inserted into the middle of the tube. Anthers sagittate, awned, cohering by their middle to the stigma. Ovaria 2. Style 1, filiform, dilated at top ; stigma obtuse. Hypogynous scales wanting ; but there are toothlets at the base of the calyx, outside the corolla. Follicles cylindrical. — Erect shrubs. Leaves 3 in a whorl, elongated, coriaceous, with numerous parallel veins. Flowers terminal, corymbose. 1 N. OLEA'NDER (Lin. spec. 805.) leaves lanceolate, 3 in a whorl, veiny beneath ; segments of corona trifid or tricuspidate. fy . G. Native of the East Indies, in humid places ; but has now become apparently wild in many places of the south of Europe, by the sides of streams, and near the sea coast. — Blackw. t. 531 — Duham. arb. 2. p. 46. t. 12. — Lob. icon. t. 364. N. lauriforme, Fl. fr. 2. p. 209. Leaves 4-5 inches long, dark green. Flowers rather large, bright red. Like Rhododen- dron, this shrub has the name of Rose Bay, and for the same reason ; but it is more commonly known by the officinal name, Oleander, which is also adopted in all the European languages, except the French, in which it is Laurose, or Laurier-Rose, that is, Rose Bay. The Italians have adopted Nerio, or Rosa-laura, as well as Oleandro. Oil, in which the leaves are infused, was formerly recommended for cutaneous disorders, in preference to mercurial preparations, for weak constitutions. Var. /3, Jlbre albo ; flowers white ; leaves pale green. Jj . G. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 700. — Ger. emac. 1406. f. 2. Park, theatr. 1407. 1. Var. y, splendens (Hort.) flowers large, showy, double, bright red. fj . G. N. latifolium, Mill. diet. no. 3. ? Herm. lugdb. 447. t. 440. Nerium grandiflorum, Hort. Par. Var. S, variegatum (Hort.) leaves edged with white or yellow ; flowers reel. ^ . G. Lodd. bot. cab. 666. Common Oleander. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1596. Shrub 6- 14 feet. 2 N. ODORUM(Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 297.) leaves linear-lanceo- late, 3 in a whorl, coriaceous, veiny beneath, with revolute edges ; segments of the crown multifid, filamentose at apex. f? . G. Native of the East Indies, on the banks of rivers, and by the sea side. Heyne, term. bot. t. 22. f. 1. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2032. N. odoratum, Lam. diet. 3. p. 456.— Rheed. mal. 9. t. 2. N. I'ndicum, Mill. diet. no. 2. N. Oleander, Lour. coch. 115. Leaves light green, 6-10 inches long. Flowers pale red, with an agreeable musky scent. Bracteas lanceolate, mucronate, permanent. Calycine segments lanceolate mucro- nate. There is also a variety of this species with white flowers, and another with semi-double flowers. See Ker. bot. reg. t. 74. Srveet-scented-fiowered Oleander. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1683. Shrub 6-8 feet. 3 N. FLAVE'SCENS (Di Spino, jard. de St. Sebastian, 1812.) leaves linear-lanceolate, 3 in a whorl, or opposite, veined be- neath; flowers and peduncles yellowish. T? . G. Native country unknown, but cultivated in Italian gardens. N. odorum, var. /J, luteum, Targion Tazzet. obs. bot. dec. 1-2, p. 27. Yellowish-dowered Oleander. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. Shrub 6-10 feet. 4 N. SALICINUM (Forsk. desc. 205. Vahl. symb. 2. p. 45.) leaves linear-lanceolate, 3 in a whorl, nerveless, fj . G. Native of Arabia Felix. Said to differ from N, Oleander, in the leaves being obtuse, and almost veinless beneath, not with copious parallel nerves. A large tree, with the habit of Salix frdgilis. Leaves flat, shining, a span long. Willowy Oleander. Tree. "(• A doubtful species. 5 N. ? RETICULA'TUM (Willd. herb, ex Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 797.) leaves elliptic, mucronate, reticulated, stem scan- dent, fy . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Perhaps a species of Wrightia. Reticulated-leaved Oleander. Shrub cl. Cult. All the species of Oleander are very showy when in blossom. They thrive well in a light rich soil ; and cuttings strike root freely in any kind of soil, if kept moist ; or by placing the ends of them in water. All require a good deal of heat, to flower freely in this country. XXIII. STROPHA'NTHUS (from arpofoc, strophos, a twisted thong; and avQoq, anthos, a flower; segments of corolla long, narrow, and twisted.) D. C. in bull. d. soc. philom. no. 64. p. 123. t. 8. f. 1. Desf. ann. mus. 1. p. 410. t. 27. R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 72. — Echites species, Lin. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted (f. 13. a.) Corolla funnel-shaped; throat crowned by 10 undivided scales ; segments of the limb ending in a long tail each (f. 13. e.) Stamens inserted in the middle of the tube ; anthers sagittate, awned (f. 13. c. rf.) or mucronate. Ovaria 2. Style 1, filiform, dilated at the apex; stigma sub-cylindrical. Hypogynous scales 5. Follicles ovate, acuminated, many-seeded. — Sarmentpse shrubs, with opposite leaves. § 1. Anthers glabrous, drann out into a thread (f. 13. c.) 1 S. SARMENTOSUS (D. C. bull, philomat. no. 64. p. 123. t. 8. f. 1. Desf. ann. mus. 1. p. 410. t. 27.) glabrous, sarmentose ; flowers glomerate, terminal and lateral, rising with the leaves ; corollas sub-campanulate. T? . S. Native of Sierra Leone, APOCYNE.E. XXIII. STROPHAXTHUS. XXIV. WRIGHTIA. 85 rambling among bushes. Branches besprinkled with white tubercles. Leaves ovate, acute. Corolla red, ending in long tail each. Sarmentose Strophanthus. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub rambling. 2 S. LAURIFOLICS (D. C. 1. c. Desf. 1. c. p. 411.) erect; leaves opposite, and 3 in a whorl ; flowers glomerate, terminal and lateral, rising after the leaves have fallen. (? . S. Native of Sierra Leone, by the sea side. We have seen this species growing by the sea side, near Cape Shilling, where it forms a bush, about 6 or 8 feet high, covered with blossoms, before the leaves rise. Flowers red and white. Very nearly allied to S. sarmentosus, but the stems are erect, and the corollas less spreading. Laurel-leared Strophanthus. Shrub G to 8 feet. 3 S. PICHOTOMUS (D. C. 1. c. Desf. 1. c.) branches dichoto- mous ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute at both ends, srlabrous, FIG. 13. mucronately acuminated ; co- rolla funnel-shaped ; tails of segments of corolla 3 inches long : scales of corolla curled. J; . S. Native of the East Indies. Ker. bot. reg. 469. S. terminalis, Blum, cat.hort. buitz. p. 56. Echites caudata, Lin. tnant. 52. Burm. inil. t. 26. Nerium caudatum, Roxb. fl.ind. 2. p. 9. Ecliites dichOtoma, Carey, hort. beng. p. 20. Stems sarmentose, besprinkled with white tubercles. Corollas yel- lowish in this country, but are said to be red in their native country, (f. 13.) J'ar. p, rotundatus (Pers. ench. roundish. T; . S. Native of the East Indies. turn, Lam. diet. 3. p. 458. Dichotomous Strophanthus. Fl. Feb. March. Shrub 3-4 feet. •i S. DIVARICA'TUS (Wall. cat. no. 1642.) branches and pe- duncles dichotomous : leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous, pale beneath ; flowers small, with short segments. ^ . w. S. Native of the East Indies. Divaricate Strophanthus. Shrub cl. 5 S. JACKIA'HDS (Wall. cat. no. 1643.) leaves oblong-lanceo- late, downy beneath while young ; peduncles short, axillary, di- chotomous ; corolla campanulate, with short tails to the segments. V . S. Native of Penang. Follicles very long. Jack's Strophanthus. Shrub. 6 S. CHISE'XSIS ; branches erect, dichotomous ; leaves nearly -.le, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; peduncles terminal, few- flowered, becoming lateral, or in the forks of the branches ; tails of the segments of the corolla ensiform ; stamens inserted in the base of the tube, fj . E. Native of China. Nerium Chi- nensis, Hunter, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 9. S. divergens, Graham ? S. dichotomus, Ker. bot. reg. 469 ? Dr. Roxburgh could not find any scales in the tube of the corolla. Chinese Strophanthus. Shrub erect. 5.1 SCA'SDEXS (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 412.) stems scandent ; peduncles terminal, many-flowered ; leaves ovate- oblong, a little acuminated, glabrous ; tails of the segments of the corolla long. Ij . ^. S. Native of Cochinchina, among bushes. Nerium scandens, Lour. coch. p. 116. Calyx tubular, with fleshy, erect segments. Corolla funnel-shaped ; having the lower part of the tube cylindrical, and the superior part ur- 269.) leaves ovate- Nerium cauda- Clt. 1812. ceolate, white ; limb red, having the segments long-linear and repand. Corona of the tube of many acute segments; anthers ending in a long, thread-like tail, each. Follicles thick, obtuse, horizontal. Climbing Strophanthus. Shrub cl. 8 S. ALTERMFLORUS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 637.) scandent; leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; alternate axils umbellife- rous. 17.^.6. Native of China, in small islands near Canton. Apocynum alterniflorum, Lour. coch. 168. Flowers pale. Co- rolla campanulate, crowned by 10 scales. Alternate-flowered Strophanthus. Shrub cl. | 2. Anthers hispid, mutic. 9 S. nisriDA (D. C. 1. c. Desf. 1. c. p. 412.) corollas funnel- shaped : with long, acuminated segments ; anthers acute. Ij . S. Native of Sierra Leone. Shrub hispid, almost with the habit of a Justicia. Leaves sessile, ovate-oblong. Flowers fasciculate, on peduncles, which are repeatedly trichotomous. Corollas red : having the tails of the segments 7 inches long. Hispid Strophanthus. Shrub. Cult. Shrubs of easy culture. A mixture of peat, loam, and sand, is the best soil for them ; and cuttings strike root readily in sand, under a hand glass, in heat. The species are worth cul- tivating for the singularity as well as beauty of their flowers. Tribe II. WRIGHTIFJE. Fruit of 2 follicles. Tuft of hairs at die lower end of the seed, or at that end contrary to the umbilicus. Embryo with involute cotyledons. XXIV. WRIGHTIA (named after the late William Wright, M.D. F.R.S. F.L.S. and Edinb., whose ardour in the pursuit of botanical knowledge, even while engaged in extensive medical practice in the island of Jamaica, has long entitled him to this mark of distinction.) R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 73. — Nerium species, Lin. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla salver-shaped; throat crowned by 10 divided scales. Sta- mens exserted ; filaments inserted in the throat ; anthers sagittate, cohering by their middle to the stigma. Ovaria 2, cohering. Style 1 , filiform, dilated at top ; stigma narrower. Scales 5- 10, inserted at the base of the calyx, outside the corolla. Follicles distinct or combined, with adnate placentas. — Erect shrubs, or small trees. Leaves opposite. Corymbs almost terminal. Flowers white. Albumen none. Cotyledons longitudinally in- volute, white, but immersed in hot water they become rose- coloured. 1 W. AXTIDYSESTE'RICA (R. Br. 1. c. p. 74.) leaves obovate- oblong, short-acuminated, glabrous ; corymbs nearly terminal ; tube of corolla 6 times longer than the calyx ; follicles distinct. I? . S. Native of Ceylon. Nerium antidysentericum, Lin. spec, ed. 2d. p. 306. Lour. coch. p. 116.— Plenck. offic. t. 119. — Burm. zeyl. 167. t. 77. Codaga Pala, Rheed. mal. 1. p. 85. t. 47. ? Flowers white, sweet-scented, form of a species of Jasmi- num. The wood being white, of a fine grain, is useful for the turner, and to make cabinets, and other elegant furniture. The bark is reputed to be a specific in dysentery, and most complaints of the bowels, and is the Conessi bark of the Materia Medica. Anti-dysenteric Wrightia. Clt. 1778. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 2 W. ZEYLA'XICA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, sub-acuminated, glabrous ; corymbs terminal ; tube of corolla 4-5 times longer than the calyx ; follicles distinct. I? . S. Native of Ceylon. Nerium Zeylanicum, Lin. amcen. acad. 4. p. 309. Burm. zeyl. 23. t. 12. f. 2. W. divaricata, Herb. madr. Very nearly allied to W. antidyscnterica, from which it differs, in the figure of the leaves, which are also rather smaller. 86 APOCYNE^E. XXIV. WRIGHTIA. XXV. KIBATALIA. XXVI. ALSTONIA. Ceylon Wrightia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet. 3 W. TINCTORIA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-lanceolate, and ovate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; panicles terminal ; branches and corymbs divaricate ; tube of corolla twice longer than the calyx; follicles distinct, but united at the apex, fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Lindl. bot. reg. 933. Nerium tinctorium, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 5. Chite-ancaloo of the Telingas. Flowers white, fragrant, when expanded an inch and a half in diameter. Deer's Wrightia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub 10 to 15 feet. 4 W. MOLLISSIMA (Wall. pi. rar. 2. p. 39. t. 146.) leaves ovate, acuminated, clothed with hoary villi beneath, as well as the branchlets ; corymbs erect ; tube of corolla twice longer than the calyx, downy ; follicles parallel, beset with many callous dots, combined into a clavate cylindrical fruit. Ij . S. Native of Nipaul, on mountains, in the Great Valley ; and of Karnaon. Habit of W. tinctbria. Corolla downy outside, yellow, tinged with red. Very soft Wrightia. Shrub. 5 W. ROTHII ; leaves oval-lanceolate ; corymbs terminal, loose, flaccid ; calyx and corollas downy, Jj . S. Native of the East Indies. W. tinctoria, Roth. nov. spec. Tabernaemontana divaricata, Roth.? and probably Rheed. mal. 1. t. 46. and 2. t. 54. Roth's Wrightia. Shrub 10 to 15 feet. 6 W. DU'BIA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 638.) leaves ovate-lanceo- late, somewhat undulated ; corona in the throat of the corolla 1 0-cleft, alternate segments shorter and obtuse ; peduncles few- flowered in the forks of the branches. fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Cameraria dubia, Hook. bot. mag. t. 16 '16. Lodd. bot. cab. 403. Flowers large, scarlet. Segments of co- rolla lanceolate, acuminated, yellow beneath. Doubtful Wrightia. Shrub or tree. 7 W. COCCI'NEA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 2696. Lodd. bot. cab. 894. Wall. cat. no. 1626.) leaves almost sessile, ovate-oblong; flowers 3-4 together, terminal; corona in the throat 5-lobed; lobes crenulated ; follicles distinct, rough ; tube of corolla short. Jj . S. Native of Silhet. Nerium coccineum, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 2. Flowers large, dull red. Corona scarlet. A large timber tree. Wood white, remarkably light, but firm, and much used by turners, to make palkies, &c. Scarlet-ftowered Wrightia. Fl. June. Clt. 1812. Tree. 8 W. PUBE'SCENS (R. Br. 1. c. p. 75.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, and are, as well as the calyxes, downy ; corymbs erect ; tube of the corolla a little longer than the calyx ; folli- cles cohering. \i . S. Native of New Holland, in Arnhem's Land, on the north coast ; and the Island of Timor, near Coepang; as well as of Java, among bushes. Zimm. reis. xi. 2. 1812. p. 132. with a figure. Roth. nov. spec. W. tomentosa, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 414. Flowers white. The tube of the corolla is described both by Blume and Roth, to be twice as long as the calyx. Downy Wrightia. Shrub. 9 W. TOMENTOSA ; leaves oblong, acuminated, downy ; co- rymbs terminal, small ; tube of corolla longer than the calyx ; corona fleshy, lacerated into obtuse segments ; follicles scabrous ; distinct. >j . S. Native of the Circars. Nerium tomentosum, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 7.— Nelam-Pala, Rheed. mal. 9. t. 3-4. Branches downy. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Flowers with a white corolla, and orange-coloured corona. Follicles 8-9 inches long, and 2 in circumference. With the yellow juice which flows from every part of this plant when wounded, diluted with water, pieces of cotton cloth were dyed a pretty good yellow. Tomentose Wrightia. Tree. 10 W. ? PISCIDIA ; leaves oblong, acuminated, shining ; pani- cles terminal, bracteate, shorter than the leaves ; tube of corolla longer than the calyx ; corona of 5 bifid, villous segments ; follicles swollen, oblong, obtuse. ^ • S. Native of Silhet, where it is called Echmdut. Nerium piscidium, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 7. Seeds with broad, membranous edges, crowned. The bark contains a quantity of fibrous matter, which the natives of the country where the plant grows use as a substitute for hemp. Dr. Roxburgh found, by steeping the roots in a fish-pond, in order to accelerate the removal of the bark, and cleansing the fibres, many, if not the whole, of the fish were killed : hence the specific name. Fish-killing Wrightia. Shrub rambling. Cult. For culture and propagation see Strophdnthus, p. 85. XXV. KIBATA'LIA (Kibatala is the name of the tree in Java.) Hasseltia, Blum, bijdr. p. 1047, but not of H. B. et Kunth. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 5-parted, per- manent. Corolla having the tube coarctate in the middle, the throat naked, and the limb campanulate, 5-parted, and twisted. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat of the corolla ; anthers large, cuspidate, callose on the back, adhering to the stigma. Ova- rium didymous, girded by a fleshy ring. Style didymous ; stigma clavate. Fruit of 2 elongated, distinct follicles. Seeds furnished at the lower extremity, with a stipitate tuft of hairs. Embryo involute. — A beautiful tree ; with opposite, oval leaves, which are acutish at both ends, glabrous above, paler and a little downy beneath ; and axillary fascicles of large, whitish yellow flowers. Kibatalia is distinguished from Wrightia, in the throat of the corolla being without scales ; and in the tuft of hairs to the seed being furnished with a stipe. 1 K. ARBOREA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1046, under Hassellia.) \i . S. Native of Java, about Tjampian, in the province of Buitenzorg, where it is called Kibatala. Tree Kabatalia. Fl. June. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Strophdnthus, p. 85. Tribe III. ALSTONIE'^E. Fruit of 2 follicles. Seeds peltate, ciliated ; having the cilia more elongated at both ends. XXVI. ALSTO'NIA (in memory of Dr. Alston, the prede- cessor of Dr. Hope, of Edinburgh.) R. Br. in mem. soc. wern. 1. p. 75. — Echites species, Lin. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla salver-shaped; throat and tube without scales. Stamens inclosed; anthers lanceolate, bearing pollen their whole length, and free from the stigma. Ovaria twin. Style 1, filiform, dilated at top ; stigma somewhat conical. Hypogynous, as well as calycine scales, wanting. Follicles terete. — Usually tall, lac- tescent trees. Leaves verticillate or opposite, ribbed, glabrous. Cymes terminal, panicled. Flowers usually white. Follicles for the most part very long. 1 A. SCHOLA'RIS (R. Br. 1. c. p. 76.) leaves 5-7 in a whorl, obovate-oblong, obtuse, ribbed, and having the veins approxi- mating the margin ; cymes on short peduncles ; limb of corolla a little bearded ; follicles very long, fy . S. Native of the East Indies and the Moluccas. Echites scholaris, Lin. mant. 53. A. oleandraefolia, Lodd. Nerium tinctorium, Hort. Pala, Rheed. mal. 1. p. 81. t. 45. Lignum scholare, Rumph.amb. 2. p. 246. t. 82. Flowers white. Segments of corolla roundish. Var. /3 ; leaves cuneate-oblong, obtuse ; umbels effuse. \j . S. Native of Java, at the foot of Mount Salak. Blum, bijdr. 1037. School Alstonia. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1803. Tree. 2 A. SPECTA'BILIS (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves 4 in a whorl, elliptic- APOCYNE.E. XXVI. ALSTOXIA. XXVII. GELSEMIUM. XXVIII. PLECTAXEIA. XXIX. TABERS.SMOJJTAXA. 87 oblong, somewhat acuminated, ribbed, with simple edges ; cymes pedunculate, shorter than the leaves ; limb of corolla bearded ; follicles very long. ^ . S. Native of the islands of Timor and Java. Flowers very nearly allied to the preceding. Shoiey Alstonia. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1825. Tree. 3 A. SPATULA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1037.) leaves on short pe- tioles, opposite or 4 in a whorl, spatulate, rounded at the apex, and glabrous ; flowers sub-umbellate, terminal ; throat of corolla bearded a little ; corolline segments obtuse, about equal in length to the tube, fj . S. Native of Java, ab jut Rompien, where it is called Lameh, Spatulate-leaved Alstonia. Fl. April. Shrub. 4 A. VILLOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1038.) leaves almost sessile, 4- in a whorl, elliptic-oblong, acutish at both ends, remotely ribbed, villous beneath ; cymes effuse, terminal, Tj . S. Native of Java, on the calcareous mountains of Kuripan. f'illous Alstonia. Fl. Nov. Shrub. 5 A. SERICEA (Blum, bidjr. p. 1038.) leaves 3-4 in a whorl, lanceolate, much acuminated at both ends, lined transversely, clothed with silky down beneath ; cymes crowded, terminal ; throat of corolla bearded ; segments of corolla lanceolate, acu- minated. ^ . S. Native of Java, on the Salak mountains. Silky Alstonia. Fl. April. Shrub or tree. 6 A. MACROPHY'LLA (Wall. cat. no. 1648.) leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong, short-acuminated, downy beneath ; peduncles numerous, at the tops of the branches, trichotomously corymbose at the top. ^ . S. Native of Penang. Follicles linear, very long. A. costata, R. Br. in Wall. cat. no. 1649, does not appear to differ from A. macrophylla, unless in the leaves being glabrous, nar- rower, and the veins more distinct. Large-leated Alstonia. Tree or shrub. 7 A. CCNEA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 1645.) leaves obovate, retuse at top, rusty beneath, 3 in a whorl. f; . S. Native of Sirmore, where it was collected by Dr. Gowan. Follicles linear. Pedun- cles 3-flowered. ? Cuwa/e-leaved Alstonia. Shrub or tree. 8 A. KERiiroLiA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 131.) leaves 3-5 in a whorl, lanceolate, acuminated, feather-nerved, velvety be- neath, cymes terminal, sessile, downy ; throat of corolla downy : segments of the limb lanceolate, acute, twice shorter than the tube. ^ . G. Native of Nipaul. Xerium-leated Alstonia. Tree or shrub. 9 A. LU'CIDA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 131.) leaves opposite, elliptic, acuminated, glabrous, shining, reticulated ; cymes ter- minal, pedunculate, trichotomous ; throat of corolla bearded ; segments of the limb oblong, obtuse, about equal in length to the tube. J; . G. Native of Nipaul. Echites triangularis, Hamilt. mss. Shining-leaved Alstonia, Shrub or tree. 10 A. COSTA'TA (R. Br. 1. c. p. 77.) leaves opposite, elliptic- oblong, acuminated, ribbed ; cymes effuse ; segments of the corolla beardless, lanceolate, longer than the tube ; follicles very long. ^ . S. Native of the islands of Otaheite and Ulaietea, between the ranges of the mountain, where it is called Attahe. Flowers white. /ft&6«/-leaved Alstonia. Tree. 1 1 A. PLUMOSA (Labill. sert. cal. p. 28. t. 28.) leaves opposite, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, ribbed, attenuated at the base ; floriferous cymes length of leaves, but the fruit bearing ones are much longer ; segments of corolla oblong, obtuse, pilose ; follicles very long. ^ . G. Native of New Caledonia. Corolla with a ven- tricose tube, and a pilose throat. Feathered Alstonia. Shrub 8 feet. 12 A. YEKENA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong- lanceolate, acuminated, attenuated at the base ; cymes dichoto- mous ; tube of corolla widened upwards; limb acute, beardless ; follicles attenuated at both ends, hardly equal in length to the leaves. \ . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers white. Poisonous Alstonia. Tree. Cult. See Strophanthus, p. 85, for culture and propagation. Tribe IV. GELSEMIE'.j . ^. G. Native of North America, in the vicinity of rivers, from Virginia to Florida. Pursh. fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 184. G. sem- pervirens, Pers. ench. 1. p. 267. Bignonia sempervirens, Lin. spec. p. 869. Jacq. coll. 3. p. 258. Anonymos sempervirens, Walt. fl. car. p. 98. Lisianthus sempervirens, Mart. Mill. diet,. no. 5. — Catesb. car. 1. p. 53.— Plukn. aim. 359. 1. 1 12. f. 5. Flowers sweet-scented, yellow. Called, in America, Carolina Jessamine. Shining Gelsemium, or Carolina Jasmine. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1640. Shrub cl. Cult. A pretty climbing shrub, of easy culture. The best soil for it is a mixture of loam and peat. Cuttings strike root readily under a hand-glass. XXVIII. PLECTANE'IA (meaning unknown.) Pet. Th. gen. mad. no. 35. Roem. coll. p. 203. LIN. STST. Pentandria Monogynia. Calyx urceolate, 5-cleft, or 5 -toothed. Corolla with a short ventricose tube, and a twisted, coarctate limb. Anthers sessile, sagittate. Ovarium solitary. Style short ; stigma capitate. Capsule follicular, very long, sub-tetragonal, 2-celled, probably composed of 2 joined follicles ; with introflexed, seminiferous edges. Seeds com- pressed, winged, fixed to the edges of the valves by slender funicles. Albumen thin. Embryo straight, with flat cotyledons. — A lactescent, twining shrub ; with opposite leaves, and small corymbose flowers. Fruit like that of Bignonia. The genus is said to be nearly allied to Gelsemium by some, and by others to Plumiera, but totally distinct from both. 1 P. THOUA'RSII (Roam, et Schultz, syst. 4. p. 420.) ^ • r*« S. Native of Madagascar. Petit Thouar's Plectaneia. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echllet, p. 76. Tribe V. TABERN^MONTA'NE.E. Fruit of 2 follicles, rarely soli- tary by abortion. Seeds neither tufted nor winged, usually nestling in the pulp of the fruit, usually albuminous. XXIX. TABERN\£MONTA'NA (so named by Plumier, in honour of James Theodore, surnamed Tabernfemontanus, from Berg-Zabern, the place where he was born. He published 13 88 APOCYNE^E. XXIX. TABERKUEMONTANA. Kraeuterbuch, 1589, and Figures of Plants, 1590, in an oblong quarto form. He was physician to the Elector Palatine, and died in 1590.) Plum. gen. 30. Lin. gen. no. 301. Juss. 145. R. Br. prod. p. 467. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla salver- shaped; limb 5-parted; segments unequal-sided. Sta- mens inclosed ; anthers sagittate, cohering to the stigma. Ova- ria 2. Style filiform ; stigma bifid, from the dilated base. Hypogynous glands wanting. ? Follicles 2, ventricose. Seeds immersed in pulp. — Small trees. Leaves opposite. Stipulas interpetiolar, adnate at bottom, and loose at top. Cymes sub- dichotomous, interpetiolar. Calyx permanent. * Natives of New Holland. 1 T. ORIENTA'LIS (R. Br. prod. p. 468.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous, as well as the branches ; bracteas subu- late, slowly deciduous. Jj . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic; and of Malabar, if Rheede's Curuta Pala, mal. 1. p. 83, t. 46, be the same which is T. alternifblia, Lin. in which there is not a specimen in his herbarium. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Follicles yellow, ex Rheede. Eastern Tabernaemontana. Shrub 6 feet. 2 T. PUBE'SCENS (R. Br. prod. p. 468.) leaves elliptic-oblong, sub-acuminated, downy beneath, as well as the branchlets ; branches of cyme erect, and are, as well as the calyxes, pilose ; bracteas verv minute, caducous. ^ • S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Dorvny Tabernaemontana. Shrub. 3 T. EBRACTEA'TA (R. Br. prod. p. 468.) leaves oval or elliptic, and are, as well as the cymes, downy ; branches and peduncles spreading, bractless. fy . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Bractless Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. * * Natives of South America, and the West India Islands. 4 T. CITRIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 210.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; flowers in sub-umbellate, axillary fascicles, towards the tops of the branches. *j . S. Native of Jamaica, and other West India Islands. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1244, exclusive of the syn. of Jacq. Lam. ill. t. 170. f. 1. — Plum. icon. t. 248. f. 2. Leaves 4-6 inches long. Flowers beautiful yellow, sweet- scented. Segments of corolla narrow, elongated, bluntish. Teeth of calyx acute. Follicles acuminated, recurved. Citron-leaved Tabernaemontana. Clt. 1784. Tree 15 feet. 5 T. A'LBA (Mill. diet. no. 2.) leaves oblong ovate, acumi- nated, shining, glabrous ; corymbs terminal, large. Ij . S. Native of Martinico, in woods, and the adjacent continent. T. citrifolia, Jacq. amer. 38. Leaves 5 inches long, and 1|- inch broad. Flowers white, sweet-scented, like those of a Jasmlnum. JVhite-fiovtereA Tabernaemontana. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1780. Shrub 10 to 12 feet. 6 T. LAURIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 2. p. 210.) leaves ovate or oval, bluntish, glabrous ; flowers lateral, subumbellate. lj . S. Na- tive of St. Domingo, Jamaica, on the banks of rivers. Jacq. amer. p. 39. pict. p. 25. Ker. bot. reg. 716. — Sloane, hist. 2. p. 62. 1. 186. f. 2. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d. vol. 2. p. 72. Flowers small, yellow, sweet-scented. Leaves 4 inches long, and 2 broad. Linnaeus cites under this species T. laurifoliam, flore albo, fructu rotundiore, Amm. herb. 212, which probably belongs to the preceding species. Laurel-leaved Tabernaemontana. Fl. May. Clt. 1768. Shrub 5 to 10 feet. 7 T. ODORA'TA (Vahl. eclog. amer. 2. p. 22. Poir. diet. 7. p. 532.) leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate-elliptic, acuminated, reti- culately veined, glabrous ; corymbs terminal, and in the forks of the branches. Jj.S. Native of Guiana and Surinam. Cameraria Tamaquarina, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 260. t. 102. Cameraria lutea, a, Lam. diet. 1. p. 566. Pedicels bractless. Calycine segments subulate. Segments of the corolla linear-lanceolate, ex Vahl. Flowers corymbose, in the forks of the branches, large, yellow, sweet-scented, ex Aubl. Srveet- scented Tabernaemontana. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1793. Shrub 4 feet. 8 T. ECHINA'TA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 263. t. 103.) leaves ovate- oblong, acuminated, somewhat undulated, clothed with fine white tomentum beneath ; flowers terminal, almost sessile, 10-12 in each fascicle: each flower furnished with a small, scale- like bractea ; follicles echinated by soft tubercles, fj . S. Na- tive of Guiana. Leaves 4-6 inches long, and 2 broad. Flowers sweet-scented. Calyx white, 5-toothed. Corolla seated on a yellow disk, with a red margin, and dotted with red ; lobes of limb large, yellowish, undulated, acute. Follicles yellow, ovate. Teeth of calyx small, acute. Perhaps a distinct genus. Echinated Tabernaemontana. Shrub 4-5 feet. 9 T. FASCICULA'TA (Poir diet. 5. p. 531. no. 14.) leaves ovate, acuminated, nerved, glabrous, shining above ; flowers lateral towards the tops of the brandies, axillary, numerous, in fascicles, inclining to a short, sub-umbellate corymb ; branches opposite, articulated, sub-dichotomous ; bracteas very short, caducous. \i . S. Native of Cayenne. Leaves almost lanceolate, blunt at the apex, rufescent beneath, 2-3 inches long, with parallel nerves confluent to the margin. Teeth of calyx short, obtuse. Corollas small ; segments of the limb narrow, obtuse. Allied to T. muricdta. Fascicled-Rov/ered Tabernaemontana. Shrub. 10 T. RIPA'RIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 228.) glabrous ; leaves oblong, acuminated, with undulated margins ; peduncles dichotomous, few-flowered; calycine segments elliptic- oblong, obtuse, undulated, 3 times shorter than the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla obovate, roundish, oblique. *? . S. Native of New Granada, on the banks of the river Magdalena, near El Peron, in shady places. Leaves membranous, glandless at the base, 4 to 4g inches long. Corolla yellow. Ovaria girded by a fleshy ring. River-side Tabernaemontana. Fl. May. Tree 20 feet. 11 T. LITORA'LIS (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c.) glabrous; leaves elliptic-oblong, sub-acuminated ; peduncles sub-dichotomous, few-flowered ; calycine segments elliptic-oblong, obtuse, 4 or 5 times shorter than the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla dimidiately obovate, roundish. 17. S. Native of Mexico, near Campeche, on the sea-shore. This species differs from T. riparia, in the flowers being twice the size, and in the structure of the calyx. Shore Tabernaemontana. Tree. 12 T. HETEROPHV'LLA (Vahl. eel. amer. 2. p. 22.) leaves elliptic-lanceolate, and somewhat cordate, sub-undulated, acu- minated, glabrous ; peduncles in . the forks and tops of the branches, glabrous, 5-7-flowered, racemose ; bracteas minute, twin at the base of each pedicel. Tj . S. Native of Cayenne. T. echinata, Rohr. mss. from which name the follicles are pro- bably echinated. Leaves petiolate and sessile. Pedicels alter- nate. Calycine segments linear lanceolate. Corolla ^ an inch long, with some silky hairs in the throat ; segments of the limb lanceolate, obtuse. Variable-leaved Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 13 T. GRANDIFLORA (Jacq. amer. 40. t. 31. ed. pict. p. 25. t. 41.) leaves oval, attenuated at both ends, acute, glabrous, shining, unequal in size ; peduncles irregular, 2-3-flowered at the sides of the ultimate bifurcations; calyxes unequal; stem dichotomous. Ij . S. Native of Carthagena, in woods. Lin. mant. p. 53. Lam. ill. t. 170. f. 2. Flowers white, scentless, larger than those of other species of the genus. Calycine seg- APOCYNE.E. XXIX. TABERJJ.EMONTAXA. 89 menu unequal, flat, white ; the outer S very large and cordate, and the inner 3 oblong, narrow. Corolla twisted above the calyx, with a very wide limb. Follicles roundish- ovate, acumi- nated. Great-Jlorrered Tabernaemontana. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 14 T. CYMOSA (Jacq. araer. 39. t. 181. f. 14. ed. pict. p. 25. . (9. f. 10.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous; cymes large, axillary, dense, convex. ^ . S. Native of Carthagena, in woods. An elegant tree, with beautiful cymes of whitish, scentless flowers. Calycine segments oblong-lanceolate. Co- rolla with a 5-angled, ventricose tube. Follicles reddish, oblong, obtuse, recurved. Cywo*e-flowered Tabernaemontana. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Tree 10 to 15 feet. 15 T. AMYGDALIFOLIA (Jacq. amer. 39. t. 181. f. 15. ed pict. p. 25. t. 259. f. 11.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, shining ; peduncles lew-flowered ; stamens exceeding the tube of the corolla. •;. Native of Carthagena, in woods. Ker. bot. reg. 338. Flowers white, very sweet-scented. Follicles ovate or oblong, :!. shining, acuminated. A Imond-leared Tabernaemontana. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1780. Shrub 6 feet. 16 T. DISCOLOR (Swartz, prod. p. 52. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 535.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, 2-flowered ; branches terete, dichotomous ; branchlets tetragonal. 12 . S. ve of Jamaica, among bushes. Pedicels longer than the peduncles. Corolla cream-coloured, having the tube ventricose in the base and middle ; segments of the limb roundish, undu- lated. Calycine segmenu acute. Stigma capitate. Ttro-colourtd Tabernaemontana. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1822. Shrub 5 to G feet. 17 T. XERIIFOLIA \A~ahl, eclog. amer. 2. p. 21.) leaves lan- ceolate, acute at both ends, glabrous ; peduncles solitary, few- flowered, sub-racemose ; bracteas minute, linear, deciduous. S. Native of Porto Rico. Very nearly allied to T. persi- caefolia. Leaves 2-3 inches long, paler beneath. Calycine seg- ments oblong, acute. Segments of corolla wedge-shaped, gla- brous, hardly downy at the base, inside. Anthers beaked, ex- ceeding the tube of the corolla. Oleander-leaved Tabernaemontana. Shrub 10 feet. IS T. AKCUA'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. 2. p. 22. t. 143.) leaves obovate-oblong, acuminated ; corymbs by threes, many-flowered, lateral and axillary ; bracteas small, ovate, acute. Jj . S. Na- tive of Peru, in forests, at Pozuzo. Branches dichotomous. Calyx campanulate, with acute teeth. Corolla cream-coloured, with an inflated tube, which is globose at the base ; segments of the limb large, ovate-roundish. Follicles arched, acuminated, rufescent. Seeds and pulp red. x/rcAW-follicled Tabernaemontana. Clt. 1824. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 19 T. SAX AX HO (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 22. t. 144.) leaves oblong, acuminated, shining, glabrous ; corymbs lateral and terminal, 4-5 times divided ; bracteas roundish, cordate. ^ . S. Native of Peru, in forests. Leaves 6-8 inches long, un- dulated. Calycine teeth obtuse. Corolla large, cream-coloured : with a very lonj, angularly striated tube. Follicles obovate- roundish. acuminated, white, size of an Apricot. Sananho Tabernaemontana. Tree 12 to 15 feet. :iO T. CXDI-LA'TA (Vahl, eclog. amer. 2. p. 20.) leaves lanceo- late-elliptic, acuminated, undulated, glabrous ; peduncles first terminal, then axillary, bifid, sub-cymose. ^ . S. Native of Trinidad. Leaves 5 inches long. Calycine segments thick. Corolla orange-coloured, with a terete tube, widened at the top ; segments of the limb linear, obtuse, incurved, conduplicate at the sides ; throat glabrous. There is a hypogynous, glandular VOL. IV. ring, girding the ovarium. Anthers linear, very narrow, almost sessile, inclosed. Stigma capitate, mucronate, girded by a minute membrane at the base. Follicles reflexed, a little incurved at both ends, oblong-triquetrous. L ndulated-\ea\ed Tabernaemontana. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 21 T. MEYB'RI ; leaves oblong, ending in a linear, obtuse acu- men, tapering into the petioles at the base, glabrous ; flowers terminal ; ovarium not girded by any scales, nor a glandular ring, fj . S. Native of Essequibo. T. undulata, Meyer, ess. p. 135. Calycine segments unequal, obtuse. Corolla with a downy throat. Meyer's Tabernaemontana, Tree. 22 T. SPECIOSA (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 275.) leaves large, lanceo- late, acuminated, nerved beneath ; corymbs axillary, many- flowered, fj . S. Native of Cayenne. In the leaves this spe- cies is like T. mocrophyUa. Leaves membranous, 8-10 inches long, acute at the base. Calycine segments obtuse. Corolla red, with a cylindrical tube ; segments of the limb ovate, much shorter than the tube. Shotey Tabernaemontana. Tree or shrub. 23 T. POPCLIFOLIA (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 276.) leaves broad- ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; flowers small, disposed in nearly terminal, panicled cymes ; bracteas ovate, acute, upper ones sub- ulate, f? . S. Native of South America. Leaves 1£ to 2 inches long, acute at the base. Branches of panicle very short. Corollas white, small, hardly twice longer than the calyx, which is short. Poplar-leaved Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 24 T. MACROPHV LLA (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 276.) leaves ovate, obtuse, glabrous ; flowers cymose ; cyme trifid at bottom, sub- umbellate, axillary : bracteas small, scale-like. \ . S. Native of Cayenne. T. Cestroides, Nees, in act. bonn. 11. p. 83. Leaves 2 inches long, and 3 lines broad, bluntly acuminated, with a small mucrone. Peduncles opposite. Corollas white, with linear-oblong, obtuse segments, which are longer than the tube. Calycine segments short, obtuse. Long-leaved Tabernaemontana, Shrub or tree. 25 T. PARVIFLORA (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 276.) leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, acute, glabrous ; flowers small, terminal, cymosely um- bellate ; bracteas scale-like, scarious. Ij . S. Native of South America. Leaves 2 inches long, deep green above, but greenish yellow beneath. Pedicels furnished with a short, scarious scale at the base of each. SmaU-JLuwered Tabernaemontana. Shrub. 26 T. CORIA'CEA (Link, herb, ex Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 431.) leaves glabrous, oval, obtuse, somewhat acuminated, furnished with impressed dots beneath ; cymes dichotomous, in the forks of the branches, fj . S. Native of Brazil. Branch- lets bearing 2 leaves at the apex. Calycine teeth roundish, obtuse. Corolla having the tube nearly an inch long, and the segments obtuse. Corioceoiw-leaved Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 27 T. MULTIFLORA (Link, 1. c.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acu- minated, sub-repand, glabrous ; panicles dichoiomous in the forks of the branches. ^ . S. Native of Brazil. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and \\ broad. Tube of corolla 3 times longer than the calyx. Segments ovate, obtuse, much shorter than the tube. Many-flowered Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 28 T. ii£RicA*TA (Link. I. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, with bullately elevated veins beneath, and impressed dots, and with sub-repand margins ; flowers cymose. J? . S. Native of Brazil. Leaves a span long. Calycine teeth short, obtuse. Corolla having the tube almost an inch long, filiform ; and ob- long segments. Follicles muricated. Muncated Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. N 90 APOCYNE^E. XXIX. TABERK^EMONTANA. 29 T. FLAVICANS (Willd. herb, ex Roetn. et Schuhes, syst. 4. p. 797.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated, bluntish, glabrous, ta- pering at both ends ; peduncles racemose, 3-4-flowered, scaly. fj . S. Native of Brazil. Corolla 1^ inch long. Yellowish Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 30 T. FLAVE'SCENS (Willd. herb. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acumi- nated ; flowers umbellate. T? . S. Native of Brazil. Leaves broader, and less acuminated than those of T. Jlavicans : having woody, scaly buds in the axils of the leaves, from which nume- rous 1 -flowered pedicels rise. Yellowish Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. f Calyx deciduous. Styles 2, distinct. The species contained in this division mill probably form a new genus. Leaves glandless at the base. 31 T. JASMINOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 225.) glabrous ; leaves oblong, sub-acuminated ; corymbs di- chotomous, many-flowered ; calycine segments ovate, bluntish, 4 times shorter than the tube of the corolla ; segments of co- rolla obovate-oblong, roundish, curled. ^ . S. Native of New Granada, near Turbaco, where it is called Jasminillo ; and Cumana, where it is called Lyrio del Monte. Rauwolfia laevi- gata, Willd. herb, ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 105. Leaves membranous, 3-4 inches long. Flowers size of those of Jasmine, white. Ovarium girded by glands. Jasmine-like Tabernaemontana. Fl. June. Tree or shrub. 32 T. UMBROSA (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c. p. 226,) glabrous ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute; corymbs sub-dichotomous ; caly- cine segments lanceolate, acute, 5-6 times shorter than the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla dimidiately obovate, roundish. I? . S. Native of New Andalusia, in shady places, near Bor- dones and Cumanacoa. Leaves membranous, 2-| inches long. Flowers white. Ovaria girded by 5 scale-formed, parted glands. This differs from the preceding in the form of the leaves and calyx. Shaded Tabernaemontana. Fl. Sept. Tree. 33 T. PSYCHOTRIOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, I.e. p. 227.) glabrous; leaves obovate, acute ; peduncles dichotomous, corymbosely crowded ; calycine segments lanceolate, 6-7 times shorter than the tube of the corolla, recurved at the apex ; segments of co- rolla half obovate, curled. ^ • S. Native along with the pre- ceding. Branchlets whitish. Leaves 3-j inches long. Flowers white, about the size of those of Jasminum fruticans. Ovaria lagenseform. Psychotria-like Tabernaemontana. Tree ? 34 T. TETRASTA'CHYA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves oblong, acuminated, with obsoletely repand, undulated edges ; peduncles dichotomous, of 4 spikes ; calycine segments somewhat orbicularly- ovate, rounded at apex, 4 or 5 times shorter than the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla ob- liquely oblong. Tj . S. Native of New Granada, on the banks of the river Magdalena, between Morales and Teneriffe. Leaves membranous, 6-7 inches long, and 2 or 2£ broad. Flowers white, about the size of those of Jasminum officinale. Scales many, in the bottom of the calyx. Said to be nearly allied to T. Sandnho, Ruiz, et Pav. Four-spiked Tabernaemontana. Fl. April. Tree. * Species natives of the African Islands. 35 T. PERSICARLEFOLIA (Jacq. coll. 4. p. 139. icon. t. 320.) leaves long, lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, glabrous ; pe- duncles axillary, many-flowered, dichotomous ; bracteas small, lanceolate, acute. Jj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Leaves linear-lanceolate, pale green, sub-undulated : with white veins. Calycine segments lanceolate, acute. Corolla cream-coloured, having the tube contracted in the middle, and the limb reflexed ; segments of the limb wedge-shaped, undulated, oblique. Persicaria-leaved Tabernaemontana. Clt. 1819. Tree 10 ft. 36 T. MAURITIA'NA (Poir. diet. 7. p. 530.) leaves ovate, ob- tuse, membranous glabrous; flowers in axillary racemes ; ra- cemes articulated, brittle, very short, drooping a little, and a little branched ; corolla funnel-shaped. Ij . S. Native of the Mauritius, and the East Indies. Branches beset with small white tubercles. Leaves rounded at both ends, shining above, and paler beneath, and hardly downy, soft to the touch, 3-4 inches long, and 2 J- broad. Calycine segments obtuse. Corolla cream-coloured ; tube narrow in the middle, and inflated at both ends ; lobes obtuse. Mauritian Tabernsemontana. Shrub or tree. 37 T. TELFAJRIA'NA (Wall, in bot. reg. under no. 1273.) leaves oval, very blunt at both ends ; peduncles sub-axillary, twice or thrice forked ; calycine segments oval, bluntish ; seg- ments of corolla oblong, about equal in length to the tube. I? . S. Native of the Mauritius. Probably different from T. Mauritiana. Telfair's Tabernaemontana. Shrub. 38 T. OBTUSIFOLIA (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 276.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, cuneated at the base, and rounded at the apex; flowers racemose. ^ . S. Native of Madagascar. Leaves nearly 8 inches long, and 2 broad, glabrous, thin. Corolla tubular ; segments ovate, acute, a little recurved. Obtuse-leaved Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. ' * Species native of New Guinea. 39 T. PANDA'CQUI (Poir. diet. 7. p. 529.) leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, glabrous, acuminated ; corymbs axillary, sub-umbellate. ^ . S. Native of New Guinea. Pandacqui, Sonn. voy. en guin. p. 49. t. 1 9. Leaves membranous, nearly 3 inches long, with arched yellowish nerves. Flowers white. Calycine seg- ments obtuse. Corolla with a cylindrical tube, and short, linear segments. Style bifurcate at the base. Pandacqui Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. * * * • « Natives of Asia. 40 T. BUFAUNA (Lour. coch. 117.) leaves lanceolate, shining ; peduncles 1 -flowered, pendulous. Fj . G. Native of Cochin- china. Corolla with a long, slender, cylindrical tube, which is ventricose at the base. Follicles rather ventricose, divaricate, acuminated, torulose, resembling buffalos' horns. Seeds im- bedded in red pulp. Buffalo's Tabernaemontana. Shrub 5 feet. 41 T. BOV!NA (Lour. coch. 117.) leaves lanceolate, glabrous; peduncles axillary, solitary, many-flowered. V} . G. Native of Cochinchina. Branches reclinate. Flowers white. Follicles horizontal, recurved, short, ventricose, acuminated, resembling oxen's horns. Seeds imbedded in red pulp. Ox's Tabernaemontana. Shrub 4 feet. 42 T. CORONAVRIA (R. Br. in Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d vol. 2. p. 72. Willd. enum. 1. p. 275.) leaves elliptic or oblong, bluntly acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles from the forks of the branches twin, 1-3-flowered ; bracteas deciduous ; calycine teeth very short, rounded ; anthers exserted ; stigma undivided ; follicles torulose. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies, every where, in gardens ; but seemingly wild, according to Wallich, in the forests of Lower Nipaul, about the Hetounda ; and of Singapore. Neriutn divaricatum, Lin. fl. zeyl. 109. Willd. spec. 1236. Nerium coronarium, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 297. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 52. coll. 1. p. 269. no. 8. Lodd. bot. cab. 406.— Burm. fl. zeyl. 129. t. 59. — Rumph. amb. 4. p. 87. t. 39. — Rheed. mal. 2. p. 105. t. 54, 55. Flowers pure white, very sweet- scented, with a yellowish tube. There is a double-flowering variety of it, see bot. mag. 1865. The Nerium divaricatum, Thunb. jap. p. 110, is very different from this, and does APOCYNE-E. XXIX. TABERS.EMOSTANA. 91 not belong to the present genus, nor even probably to the order. Garland Tabernaemontana. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1770. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 43 T. ? DIVARICA'TA ; leaves ovate, undulated, shining ; branches divaricate ; flowers crowded, terminal. ^ . G. Native of Cochinchina. Nerium divaricatum, Lour. coch. p. 115., but not of Lin. Flowers reddish yellow. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a short tube, and a reflexed limb. Corona in the throat of the tube composed of short subulate segments. Anthers con- niving into a cone in the throat. Stigma ovate. Follicles long, joined a little at the base, erect. Seeds pappose. -Dtrartca/e-branched Tabernaemontana. Tree small. 44 T. RECU'RVA (Roxb. hort- beng. p. 2. fl. ind. 1. p. 26.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, undulated, glabrous ; calycine teeth ovate ; segments of corolla convex, of two forms, crenulated ; cymes divaricate ; flowers drooping. \* . S. Native of the East Indies. T. gratfssima, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1084. Flowers whitish-yellow, sweet-scented. Like T. corondrium. Tfecurrfrf-flowered Tabernaemontana. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1824. Tree small. 45 T. DESSIFLORA (Wall, in bot. reg. t. 1273.) leaves lan- ceolate, acuminated, approximate, sometimes 3 in a whorl ; cymes many-flowered, on short peduncles ; calycine segments and bracteas linear-lanceolate, acute ; limb of corolla about equal in length to the tube; follicles 1-seeded. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Dense-jlorrered Tabernaemontana. Fl. June. Clt. 1824. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 46 T. CRISPA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 20. fl. ind. 1. p. 24.) leaves oblong, undulated ; peduncles few-flowered ; pedicels elongated ; calyx deeply 5-parted ; segments broad-ovate, fo- liaceous. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Perhaps Curata- Pala, Rheed. mal. Cur/erf-leaved Tabernaemontana. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1818. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. 47 T. DICHOTOMA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 20. fl. ind. 1. p. 21.) leaves oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, shining, with many parallel nerves beneath : cymes elongated, dichotomous ; calycine seg- ments obtuse : segments of corolla oblong- falcate, about equal in length to the tube. ^ . S. Native of Ceylon and Malabar. Flowers yellowish, delightfully fragrant. Dicliolomous Tabernaemontana. Tree 12 to 1 6 feet. 48 T. PAVCIFLORA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1028.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, long-acuminated, membranous, glabrous ; fascicles of flowers twin, bifid, few-flowered, furnished with setaceous bracteoles : segments of corolla obliquely rounded, flat. ^ . S. Native of Java, among bushes, about Rompien. Allied to T. fioribunda. Feir-floirered Tabernaemontana. Fl. year. Tree. 49 T. FLORiBf NDA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1028.) leaves oblong, bluntish at the apex, acute at the base, membranous, glabrous ; corymbs twin, dichotomous, divaricate, many-flowered, bractless; corolline segments obtuse, sub-undulated. Jj . S. Native of Java, on the mountains, where it is called Susu-monding. Al- lied to T. diraricata. Bundle-fair, red Tabernaemontana. Fl. year. Tree. 50 T.coRTMBosA(Roxb. fl. ind. l.p.25. Wall, in bot. reg. under no. 1273.) leaves oblong-elliptic, bluntly acuminated, attenuated upwards ; cymes many-flowered, on long peduncles ; calycine :;ems ovate, acutish ; segments of corolla somewhat obovate, and 3 times shorter than the tube, h . S. Native of Prince of Wales Island. Corymbose Tabernaemontana. Tree or shrub. 51 T. HEY.NE.VXA (Wall. 1. c.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acu- minated ; peduncles few-flowered ; calycine segments obtuse ; segments of corolla obovate-curled, about equal in length to the tube. Tj . S. Native of the East Indies. T. corymbEta and T. oblonga, Heyne, mss. Heyne's Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 52 T. PEDUSCULAVRIS (Wall. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, ending in a very slender acumen, transversely nerved beneath ; peduncles filiform, very long ; pedicels sub-umbellate ; follicles pedicellate, ovate, a little beaked. ^ . S. Native of Pulo- Penang. Peduncular Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 53 T. GRACILIFLORA (Wall. 1. c.) leaves oblong, sub-caudately acuminated ; peduncles axillary, very long ; flowers sub-race- mose ; lobes of calyx ovate, acute ; segments of corolla oblong, and 3 times shorter than the tube, which is very slender, Ij . S. Native of Martaban, in Moolmeyne ; and Amherst. Slender -flowered, Tabernaemontana. Shnib or tree. 54 T. CALYCINA (Wall. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate ; peduncles few-flowered ; flowers on short pedicels, sub-fasciculate ; calycine segments and bracteas at length decaying or falling off, elon- gated and linear ; lobes of corolla lanceolate, one half shorter than the tube. fj . S. Native of Tavoy, on the coast of Tenasserin. Large-calyxed Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 55 T. ROSTEA'TA (Wall. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, with a very slender acumen ; peduncles few-flowered ; calycine segments sub-ligulate ; tube of corolla slender, tumid, and bearing the stamens in the middle, longer than the limb ; follicles ob- long, bi-carina ted above, and at tenuately beaked. lj. S. Native of the East Indies, on the lime hills of Segaen. Beaked Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 56 T. SCBCAPITA'TA (Wall. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate; peduncles slender, with many crowded flowers at the apex ; pedicels short ; calycine segments ovate, acute ; segments of corolla nearly ovate, about equal in length to the tube. *? . S. Native of the East Indies. iSitfr-cajM/afe-flowered Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 57 T. MICROCA'RPA (Wall. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acuminated ; peduncles few-flowered, in fascicles ; follicles sessile, ovate, 1- seeded. fj . S. Native of the Burmese Empire, on the moun- tains called Taong Dong, near Ava, This, with T. macrocarpa, Jack., may form a distinct genus, from the follicles being 1-seeded. Small-fruited Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 58 T. SALJCIFOLIA (Wall. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate, at- tenuately acuminated, with undulated edges, glaucous beneath ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute. *j . S. Native of the East Indies. T. parvi flora, Heyne, herb. Willotv-leated Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 59 T. MACROCA'RPA (Jack, in mal. misc. 2. no. 8. p. 80.) leaves ovate-elliptic, attenuated at the base ; corymbs terminal, dichotomous ; follicles large, nearly globose, 1-seeded. fj . S. Native of Bencoolen. Large-f noted Tabernaemontana. Tree large. 60 T. SPHXROCA'RPA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1028.) leaves elliptic, oblong, obtuse, acute at the base, coriaceous, glabrous, one smaller than the other ; corymbs twin, dichotomous, cymosely many-flowered, bracteolate ; segments of corolla rounded, undu- lated ; fruit apple-shaped. ^ . S. Native of Java, among bushes, about Linga Jattie, in the province of Cheribon, where it is called Hampru-badaJc. Round-fruiled Tabernaemontana. Fl. Oct. Tree. 61 T. ? XERVOSA (Desf. hort. par. Poir. suppl. 5. p. 275.) leaves oblong, obtuse, much nerved, t; . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers unknown. AWred-leaved Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. 62 T. PARVIFLORA (Nouv. arm. mus. 3. p. 379.) leaves uii- equal, lanceolate, acuminated, quite glabrous, on short petioles ; N 2 92 APOCYNE^:. XXX. CAMERARIA. XXXI. VAHEA. XXXII. VOACANGA. XXXIII. REJOUA. cymes sub-dichotomous, pedunculate, many-flowered ; calycine segments ovate, obtuse ; segments of corolla oblong, oblique ; follicles 2-seeded, ovate, beaked, fulvous. I? . S. Native of tbe Island of Timor. Corolla white. Cotyledons bipartite, as in the genus Amsynkia in the order Boraglneee. Small -flowered Tabernaemontana. Shrub or tree. •\ The three following are doubtful species of the genus, in the glands at the base of the calyx girding the ovarium beyond the corolla and hypogynous ring. 63 T. VERRUCOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1029.) stem climbing; branches warted ; leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, umbellately trifid at the apex, fj . S. Na- tive of Java, in woods, on Mount Salak. Jfar/erf-branched Tabernsemontana. Fl. Dec. Shrub cl. 64 T. POLY A'NTHA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1029.) climbing; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; flowers disposed in panicled fascicles, axillary and terminal, small. Pj . ^,. S. Na- tive of Java, on Mount Salak, and the Seribu mountains, where it is called Tjunkankan. Many-flowered Tabernaemontana. Fl. Nov. Shrub cl. 65 T. ORIENTA'LIS (Blum, bijdr. 1026.) stem sarmentose ; leaves lanceolate, parallel-veined, glabrous ; cymes compound, axillary ; crown of the throat furrowed. ^ . S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak, in woods ; and of the Island of Nusae- Kambanga. Eastern Tabernaemontana. Shrub straggling. •j- -j- Doubtful species. 66 T. ? LU'CIDA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 209.) glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, rounded at the apex, cu- neately narrowed at the base ; corymbs dichotomous ; calyx small, with ovate, obtuse segments. J? . S. Native of South America. Psychotria? lucida, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 189. Branches rather compressed. Leaves 3-3^ inches long. Corolla funnel-shaped, white ; segments oblong, revolute at the apex. Berry edible, fleshy, 2-celled, 2-seeded. Seeds oblong, convex on one side, and flat on the other. •S7fmmg-leaved Tabernaemontana. Tree 20 feet. Cult. Shrubs and trees of easy culture ; some of them very elegant when in flower ; and the flowers of all are fragrant. The soil best suited for them is a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and cuttings of them strike root readily in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. XXX. CAMERA'RIA (so named by Plumier, from Joachim Camerarius, a physician and botanist of Nuremberg, who pub- lished an edition of Matthiolus in Latin and German, with new figures and many observations). Plum. gen. 18. t. 29., Lin. gen. no. 300. Juss. 145. Lam. ill. 173. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx small, 5-toothed, acute. Corolla of a funnel-salver shape ; tube long, cylindrical, ventricose at the base and apex ; segments of the limb unequal- sided. Stamens inserted at the tube ; anthers acuminated, con- nivent, drawn out into a thread. Style hardly any ; stigmas obsolete. Follicles 2, reflexed, horizontal, obtuse, emitting a lobe on each side at the base. Seeds numerous, inserted in a peculiar membrane. — Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite. Peduncles axillary, and in the forks of the branches 1 or many- flowered. Flowers beautiful yellow. 1 C. LATIFOLIA (Jacq. amer. p. 37 t. 182. f. 86. edit. pict. p. 24. t. 39.) leaves ovate, acute, shining ; flowers terminal, co- rymbose. Jj . S. Native of Cuba, Jamaica, and St. Domingo. Andr. bot. rep. t. 261. Tratt. tab. t. 715. Lam. ill. t. 173. f. 2. Plum. icon. t. 72. f. 1. An elegant trpe, with forked branches. Corollas white, with a yellow base. Broad-leaved Cameraria. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1738. Tr. 20 to 30 ft. 2 C. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Lin. spec. p. 308.) leaves linear, fj . S. Native of South America. Lam. ill. t. 173. f. 3. Plum. icon, t. 72. f. 2. Mill. diet. no. 2. Flowers and fruit as in C. lati- fblia, but smaller, as is the whole plant. Narrow-leaved Cameraria. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1 752. Sh. 8 ft. 3 C. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 262.) leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; flowers small, axillary, sweet-scented, fj . S. Native of Guiana. C. lutea ft, Lam. diet. 1. p. 573. Guiana Cameraria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana. XXXI. VA'HEA (meaning unknown to us). Lam. ill. 1. 169. Poir. suppl. 5. p. 409. Urceola, Roxb. in asiat. res. 5. p. 167. but not of Vandelli. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped, with an elongated tube, which is ventri- cose at the base, and a 5-clei't limb ; segments twisted (ex Lam. ill. t. 169.) Corolla urceolate. Ovarium girded by a cylin- drical entire urceolus. Stamens inserted in the bottom of the corolla ; anthers sagittate. Follicles 2, 1-celled, 2-valved. Seeds numerous, imbedded in pulp. Roxb. asiat. res. 5. p. 167. Spreng. in Schrad. journ. bot. 1800. 2. p. 236 — A glabrous tree or shrub, with terete branches, opposite leaves, and terminal cymes of flowers. 1 V. GUMMIFERA (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 409.). \i . w. ? S. Native of Madagascar and the East Indies. Urceola elastica, Roxb. asiat. res. 5. p. 167. 175. ? Tabernaemontana elastica, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 639. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-obovate, obtuse, shining, nerved, quite entire, 2 inches long. Bracteas small, at the base of the pedicels (ex Poir.). Shrub climbing. Leaves ovate, acuminated, ribbed. Flowers panicled. The juice which comes from this shrub is one of those which con- stitute India rubber or caoutchouc. Gum-bearing Vahea. Shrub cl. ? Cult. For culture and propagation see Tabernaemontana. XXXII. VOACA'NGA (meaning unknown to us). Pet. Th. gen. mad. no. 32. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx of 5 involute segments. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a spreading, twisted limb, and broad segments. Anthers sessile, sagittate, inserted in the throat of the corolla. Ovarium didymous, seated on a fleshy receptacle. Style short ; stigma double : lower one pel- tate : upper one 3-lobed ; with 2 tubercles at top. Follicles 2, baccate, spherical, large. Seeds numerous, nestling in pulp. — A tree, with large, opposite leaves. Flowers disposed in ter- minal, corymbose panicles. Fruit variegated from warts. 1 V. THOUA'RSII (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 439.). t;.S. Native of Madagascar. Petit Thouars' Voacanga. Tree. Cult- For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana. XXXIII. REJOITA (named in honour of M. Rejou, chief physician and professor of botany and chemistry of the Marine of France; author of many important memoires on the secre- tion of vegetables). Gaud, in Freyc. voy. part. bot. p. 450. pi. 61. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped, with an elongated tube, which is inflated beneath the middle, bearing stamens every where inside ; limb 5-parted, spreading much ; segments obliquely ovate, equal, shorter than the tube. Stamens 5 ; filaments very short ; an- thers cordate-sagittate, fixed by their base, free, inclosed. Ovaria twin. Styles 2, combined ; stigma sub-clavate, bicus- pidate at apex. Fruit roundish-elliptic, sub-umbilicate, many- seeded, not dehiscent ; rind membranous ; pulp dry, cellular APOCYNE.E. XXXIV. ORCHIPEDA. XXXV. PLCMIERA. 93 shining. Seeds nestling in the pulp, ovate, compressed, wrin- kled, bay-coloured externally. — An unarmed tree. Leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, membranous. Panicles terminal, pedunculate, bracteate. Flowers scattered, greenish white. Fruit large, of a reddish orange colour, and of the shape of an orange. 1 R. AVRANTIACA (Gaud. 1. c. p. 451. t. 61.). I; . S. Native of the Moluccas, in the island of Raddak. Tabernaemontana aurantiaca, Gaud. gen. p. 50. and 55. Orange-fruited Rejoua. Tree. Cult. See Taberntemontana, p. 92. for culture and propagation. XXXIV. ORCHIPFDA (meaning unknown to us). Blume, bijdr. p. 1026. LIN. SY>T. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, deci- duous : limb bluntly 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped : having the throat half closed inside by a tumid ring ; tube length of calyx, inflated in the middle ; limb spreading, 5-lobed. Sta- mens inclosed ; anthers sagittate, cohering to the stigma. Ovarium didvmous, girded by a ring. Style 1 ; stigma conical, 5-angled: with 2 notches at top. Drupes twin, 8eshy, globose, J -celled, pulpy inside, dehiscing at the side. Seeds numerous, wrinkled, convolutely 2-lobed at one side. Albumen fleshy. Cotyledons foliaceous. — A tree, with opposite, oblong, glabrous, leaves ; and lateral and terminal, bifid, few-flowered peduncles. 1 O. FOJ'TIDA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1027.}. ^ . S. Native of Java, among bushes on the mountains, where it is called Hampru- badak. d Ochipeda. Fl. year. Tree. Cult. See Taberncemontana, p. 92. for culture and propagation. XXX\ . PLLMIE'RA (so named by Tournefort, in honour of Charles Plumier, of Marseilles, a Franciscan traveller in South America, and author of several excellent works, as Plantae Americanae, 1693, and by Burmann in 1755.; Genera, 1703; Fougeres Americaines, 1705, &c.). Tourn. coral, t. 439. Lin. gen.~298. Juss. 45. Lam. ill. 1. 173. f. 2. Lis. SYST. Pe/ilandria, .Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted, blunt. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a long, slender tube ; seg- ments of the limb oblong, unequal-sided : throat scaleless. Stamens inserted in the middle or base of the tube of the co- rolla, inclosed, free ; anthers connivent. Style hardly any ; stigma thick, emarginate ; ovaria 2, immersed in a fleshy ring. Follicles 2, long, acuminated, ventricose, spreading or bent up- wards. Seeds numerous, oblong, imbricated, ending in a peculiar membrane at the base. — Trees or shrubs, with thick, fleshy branches. Leaves alternate, forming tufts at the tops of the branches. Peduncles terminal, corymbose. Flowers showy. 1 P. RV'BRA (Jacq. amer. p. 35. pict. p. 23. Lin. hort. cliff, p. 76. spec. 306.) leaves obovate-oblong, acute, with flat edges, glabrous ; peduncles elongated, trifid ; flowers crowded in fascicles : corollas red. J; . S. Native of Jamaica, Surinam, and the main land of South America. Curt. bot. mag. t. 279. — Catesb. car. 2. t. 92. — Ehret. pict. t. 10. Trew. ehret. t. 41. —Sloan, hist. 2. p. 61. t. 185. f. 1. and t. 186. f. 1.— Merian, surin. t. 8.— Plukn. aim. 109. t. 207. f. 2. Peduncles downy. Corolla red, with a pilose throat, and obliquely obovate-oblong segments, which are rounded at the apex. The flowers are so sweet as well as beautiful, that the women of South America adorn themselves with them, and put them among linen to scent it, as we do lavender. It is called by the French in the West Indies Frangipante rouge. -Kerf-flowered Plumiera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1690. Tree 12 to 20 feet. 2 P. ? ARBORE'SCEXS ; leaves ovate-oblong, flat ; petioles biglandular ; flowers twin, disposed in terminal spikes, fj . S. Native of Jamaica. — Lin. hort. cliff, p. 76. Brown, jam. p. 181. Flowers red. Arborescent Plumiera. Tree 10 to 12 feet. 3 P. PURPC'REA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 20. t. 137.) leaves oblong-ovate, with revolute edges; flowers terminal, cymose ; corollas reddish purple. Vj . S. Native of Peru, in gardens. Petioles biglandular. Corollas sweet-scented, purple, with a yellow hairy throat, smaller than the other species. Perhaps P. incarniUa, P. carinata, and P. tricolor are only varieties of P. purpurea, differing in the size and colour of the flowers. In Peru the corollas are used by the women to ornament their hair. Purple Plumiera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Tr. 20 ft. 4 P. INCARNA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 138.) leaves ovate- ofalong, acute ; flowers cymose ; corollas flesh-coloured, with a fulvous disk, fj . S. Native of Peru. Cymes subumbellate. Flesh-coloured-Qovered Plumiera. FL July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. 5 P. CARINA'TA (Ruiz etPav. fl. per. 2. p. 21.) leaves oblong- ovate, acuminated, keeled : with flat, red edges ; corollas large, 3-coloured. ' fj . S. Native of Peru. Very nearly allied to P. incarnaia, but differs in the edges of the leaves being usually red. Corollas yellow, with the centre white outside in the mid- dle, and reddish above. Calyx red. Keeled-leaved Plumiera. Tree 25 feet. 6 P. TRICOLOR (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 139.) leaves oblong, acute, and acuminated : with flat, veiny edges ; flowers corym- bose ; corollas tricoloured. ^ . S. Native of Peru. Leaves with red veins. Corolla with a red tube, a copper-coloured throat, and the limb white, tinged with red. TVtco/oiirea'-flowered Plumiera. Tree 30 feet. 7 P. KB'RRII ; leaves obovate-oblong, tapering at both ends, entire, with parallel veins and flat edges ; peduncles terminal, cymose • corollas with a yellow throat, white above the yellow part, and red round the margins of the segments. ^ . S. Na- tive of Mexico. P. tricolor, Ker. bot. reg. 510. but not of Ruiz et Pav. Ker's Plumiera. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1815. Tree 15 feet. 8 P. MILLE'RI ; leaves ovate-oblong ; flowers corymbose ; corollas flesh-coloured. Ij . S. Native of St. Christopher. P. incarnata, Mill. diet. no. 2. but not of Ruiz et Pav. Very nearly allied to P. ritbra, but of more humble growth, and the leaves are thicker and more veiny. Flowers 1 0 or more in each corymb. Miller's Plumiera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? Tree or shrub. 9 P. BICOLOR (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 140.) leaves oblong, acu- minated : with flat edges ; flowers corymbose ; corollas cream- coloured : with a curved tube, yellow throat, and milk white limb, f? . S. Native of Peru. TW-co/oured-flowered Plumiera. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1815. Tree 25 feet. 10 P. LC'TEA (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. t. 142.) leaves oblong-obo- vate, acuminated ; flowers corymbose ; corollas yellow, varie- gated with white. fj . S. Native of Peru. Tube of corolla curved, yellowish. reWow-flowered Plumiera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815. Tr. 15 feet. 11 P. A'LBA (Jacq. amer. 36. t. 174. f. 12. ed. pict. t. 38. Lin. spec. p. 307.) leaves lanceolate-oblong; with revolute edges, acuminated ; peduncles thickened at top, corymbose ; corollas white : with a yellow throat, fj . S. Native of the West Indies, as of Jamaica and Martinico, and of the main land of South America. — Plum. icon. t. 231. — Commel. hort. 2. p. 47. t. 24. Corolla with a very long, thick, incurved tube, and obovate-oblong oblique segments. Follicles reflexed. Flowers spicate, ambrosiacal, exciting cephalalgia, Lin. Leaves 94 APOCYNE^E. XXXV. PLUMIERA. XXXVI. CONOPHARYNGIA. a foot long. Called by the French in Martinico Frangipanie blanc. Var. /3; fragrantissima (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 230.) leaves obovate-lanceolate, short-acuminated, with flat edges, glabrous except the nerve and veins, which are downy beneath ; flowers paniculately spicate, very fragrant ; corolla witli a white limb and yellow throat. Jj . S. Native of New Granada, and Peru, in the gardens of the Indians. Tree 40 feet high. P. bicolor, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 21. t. 141. ? Tube of corolla green, and ventricose at the base ; segments of the limb obovate-oblong, obtuse, equal : throat hairy. Var. y, inodbra ; stem with very few branches, about 8 feet high ; flowers white, scentless, large. J? . S. Native of Car- thagena, in woods. P. inodora, Jacq. amer. p. 36. Leaves like those of P. rubra. White-flowered Plumiera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1733. Tr. 15 feet. 12 P. MOLLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 230.) creeping or procumbent, rarely erectish ; leaves obovate, acute, flat, glabrous above, but clothed with soft down beneath ; corolla white. 1j . S. Native in the Missions of the Orinoco, in the island of Panumana, in places formerly cultivated. Leaves membranous, 6 inches long. Corolla with a downy tube and funnel-shaped limb ; and ovate, acutish, equal segments. Per- haps a variety of P. alba. Soft Plumiera. Shrub procumbent. 13 P. OBTU'SA (Lin. spec. 307.) leaves lanceolate, petiolate, obtuse ; flowers racemosely panicled ; corolla white. I? . S. Native of South America. P. nivea, Mill. diet. no. 7. — Catesb. car. 2. t. 93. — Plum. icon. t. 232. Leaves like those of Oleander. Blunt-\eaved Plumiera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1733. Tree 10 feet. 14 P. DRA'STICA (Mart, reise. ex Linnaea. 5. p. 40.) leaves on short thick petioles, obovate-oblong, short-acuminated, cu- neated at the base while young, but rounded in the adult state, glabrous, distantly ribbed ; panicles corymbose, glabrous, many- flowered, shorter than the leaves, bracteate. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro. Corollas white. Drastic Plumiera. Tree. 15 P. PHAGEDA'NICA (Mart, reise ex Linnaea. 6. p. 30.) leaves cuneate-oblong, short-acuminated, or rounded, glabrous on both surfaces, shining above, and veined beneath ; flowers racemosely corymbose, involucrated by keeled bracteas ; corolla with a slender tube, and obliquely lanceolate segments. Ij . S. Na- tive of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro. Phagedanic Plumiera. Tree. 16 P. PUDICA (Jacq. amer. 37. ed. pict 24.) leaves oblong, flat, veined ; limb of corolla closed, as in Achania malvaviscus. fj . S. Native of South America, inCura9oa, where it is highly esteemed, and is there called Dunzelle. Corolla yellowish, very sweet-scented. The flowers succeed each other for two months together, and have an odour much more agreeable than that of any other species, or even any other flower. C/,«ste-flowered Plumiera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? Sh. 5 ft. 17 P. ARTICULA'TA (Vahl, eclog. amer. 2. p. 20.) leaves el- liptic, glabrous, veiny ; spikes disposed in fascicles, articulated. (7 . S. Native of Guiana. Leaves scattered towards the tops of the branches, attenuated at both ends, but also rounded, paler beneath. Universal peduncles twin, often terminal, glabrous, elongated : partial ones disposed in something like fascicles, 3-8 together, simple, 3-4 inches long, flextious, composed of turbinate joints half an inch long, which are dilated on the upper margins, and furnished with many minute teeth at the base of each joint. Flowers alternate, sessile. This is a very doubtful species of Plumiera, and may probably form a new genus. 12 Plumiera. Shrub or tree. 18 P. AFRICA'NA (Mill. diet. no. 5.) leaves linear-lanceolate, very long, thick, juicy ; corollas yellow, fj . S. Native of Senegal. Trunk red. Leaves 9-10 inches long, 2 broad. African Plumiera. Shrub or tree. 19 P. ACUMINA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 70.) leaves scattered, lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous, flat ; flowers corym- bose, terminal. ^ . S. Native of Amboyna, China, and Cochin- china. Ker. bot. reg. 114. P. acutifolia, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 667. P. obtusa, Lour. coch. 117. Flos, convolutus, Rumph. amb. 6. p. 35. t. 38. Leaves with many transverse veins. Flowers terminal, in compound, spreading upright racemes. Corolla sweet-scented, white, mixed with red outside, and yellow inside ; tube curved ; segments obovate. Follicles reflexed. 4cumin(tted-]ea\ed Plumiera. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1790. Tree 20 feet. 20 P. MEXICA'NA (Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1024.) leaves elliptic- lanceolate, acuminated ; corollas white, with a yellow throat. fj . S. Native of Mexico. Perhaps the same as the following. Mexican Plumiera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. Tree. 21 P. LAMBERTIA'NA (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1378.) leaves ob- long, acuminated, flat ; corollas white, with a yellow throat ; segments of the limb broad-rhomboid, obtuse. Jj . S. Native of Mexico. P. Gouani, D. Don, ex Loud. hort. brit. p. 68. It differs from P. Kerrii, in the flowers being inodorous, and in being a little larger, and in the segments being broader and rounder. Lambert's Plumiera. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1824. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 22 P. TUBERCULA'TA (Lodd. bot. cab. 681. Hamilt. prod, p. 26.) branches tuberculate, especially at the origin of the pe- tioles ; leaves coriaceous, narrow-oblong, obtuse, tapering a long way into the petioles, downy beneath ; peduncles axillary, much shorter than the leaves, many-flowered. h . S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers white, scentless. Tubercled-stemmed Plumiera. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1812. Sh. 6 ft. f Species under the following names are in Lodd. cat. 1830. p. 15. and p. 16., but they are probably synonymous nith those described above. 1 P. aurdntia, Lodd. cat. p. 15. 2 P. Blandfordiana, Lodd. cat. p. 15. 3 P. Jamaicensis, Lodd. cat. p. 15. 4 P. leucdn- tha, Lodd. cat. p. 15. 5 P. macrophylla, Lodd. cat. p. 15. 6 P. Northiana, Lodd. cat. p. 16. 7 P. tenuifblia, Lodd. cat. p. 16. Cult. All the species of Plumiera are very showy when in blossom, and on that account are favourites with gardeners. Being of a rather succulent or fleshy nature, they require but little water when not in a free growing state. The best soil for them is a mixture of peat, loam, and sand. Large cuttings of them strike readily in the same kind of mould recommended for the plants, if kept dry. XXXVI. CONOPHARY'NGIA (from /ooroc, conos, a cone ; and (jtapvv^,, pharynx, the throat; in reference to the anthers being combined into a cone, protruding from the throat of the corolla.) Plumiera species, Lam. diet. 2. p. 542. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped ; segments oblong, villous, convex out- side, and concave inside, regularly twisted into a spire about the centre, opening by a small hole ; tube widening gradually to the top. Stamens 5, in the throat of the tube, rising each from the inside of a scrobicle ; anthers triangular, very acute, coher- ing at top, above the throat of the tube, in a cone which clasps the style. Style slender, but thickened at top ; stigma sub- bifid at the apex. Follicles twin, slipper-shaped, thick, fleshy, APOCYNE.E. XXXVI. COKOPHARYSGIA. XXXVII. VINCA. XXXVIII. CATHARAHTHCS. 95 many-seeded. Seeds form of those of the grape, attached to a slender central column. — Glabrous shrubs or trees, with oppo- site leaves, and terminal corymbs of flowers. Juice caustic, milky. 1 C. RETC'SA ; leaves ovate- wedge- shaped, retuse ; corymbs compound, pedunculate. ^ • S. Native of Madagascar, Isle of France, &rc. Plumiera retusa, Lam. diet. 2. p. 542. no. 5. Bois de lait. Leaves smooth above and nerved beneath, 6 inches long and 3 broad ; petioles very short, stem-clasping. Scales gmall, acute, under the pedicels in the corymb. Flowers form and scent of jasmine. Retute-leaved Conopharyngia. Shrub or tree. 2 C. LONGIFOLIA ; leaves oblong-narrow, flat ; corymbs pa- nicled, nearly sessile. I; . S. Native of Madagascar. Plu- miera longifolia, Lam. diet. 2. p. 542. Leaves a foot long, on short, thick, stem-clasping petioles, keeled, without any manifest nerves. Under each division of the corymbs are 2 opposite, concave acute scales ; ulterior peduncles of the corymb 3- flowered ; the 2 lateral flowers pedicellate and the middle one sessile. Calycine segments concave, roundish. Long-leai-ed Conopharyngia. Clt. 1819. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Plumiera, p. 94. XXXVII. Vl'NCA (from tinco, to conquer ; because the species subdue other plants by their creeping roots, or bind them by their runners). Lin. gen. no. 295. Juss. 141. — Pervinca, Tourn. t. 45. LIK. STST. Penttindria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft ; seg- ments linear or subulate, acute. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube longer than the calyx ; throat bearded ; segments of the limb flat, oblique, truncate at the apex. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat, inclosed ; filaments short ; anthers ending each in a hairy membrane at apex, which connive over the stigma ; stigma bearded, seated on a flat orbicular disk, which is grooved round the circumference. Glands 2, alternating with the ovaria ; gla- brous as well as them. Follicles 2, erect, terete, narrow, dehis- cing lengthwise, few-seeded. Albumen fleshy. Seeds cylin- drical, naked. — Creeping, suflruticose, or herbaceous plants. Leaves smooth, shining, opposite. Flowers axillary, solitary, alternate, pedunculate, blue, purple, and white. 1 V, MINOR (Lin. spec. 304.) stems procumbent ; leaves ellip- tic-lanceolate, glabrous ; calycine segments linear-lanceolate, bluntish ; segments of corolla broadish at top. I? . H. Na- tive of Europe, as of Germany, Switzerland, France, Italy, &c. In Britain it has been found in many places, in hedges and woods, in rather damp situations. Smith, engl. bot. t. 917. Curt. lond. 3. t. 16. Plenck, icon. t. 113. Blackw. t. 59. Pervinca minor, Scop. earn. no. 273. — Pervinca vulgaris, Park. threatr. 381. f. 1. Clematis daphnoides, Dodon. pempt. 401. Flowering stems usually erect. Flowers void of scent. Co- rolla blue ; with white throat, varying to purple and white, of a smaller size than those of V. major. This species varies much in the colour of the flowers ; they are also sometimes double : and the foliage is sometimes variegated, either with white or yellow stripes. Lesser Periwinkle. Fl. Mar. Sept. Brit. PL creeping. 2 V. MA'JOR (Lin. spec. p. 304.) stems erectish ; leaves ovate, acute, ciliated ; calycine teeth linear-subulate, ciliated, usually with a small tooth on each side at the base ; segments of corolla broad, obovate. T? .H. Native of Europe, as of France, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, &c. With us it is more common than I", minor, in moist woods and hedges ; but these are probably both escapes from gardens. Smith, engl. bot. t. 514. Curt, lond. 4. t. 19. Plenck, icon. t. 114. Vinca media, Delile. Per- vinca major, Scop, carn.no. 274. — Garid. aix. t. 81. — Lob. icon, t. 636. This species is larger in all its parts than the preceding. Corollas fine purplish blue. Flowering stems erect ; barren ones creeping. There is a variety of this with variegated leaves. England. Sh. 2 feet. FIG. 13. Greater Periwinkle. Fl. Mar. Sept. 3 V. HERBA'CEA (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 1. p. 8. t. 9. Hook, bot. mag. 2002.) stems herbaceous, procumbent, root- ing ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, minutely ciliated on the edges while young ; calycine segments linear-subulate, acute, glabrous ; segments of corolla lanceolate, falcate. T£.H. Native of Hun- gary, in open, chalky, sandy hills. Flowers purplish blue. A most elegant plant when in blossom. Herbaceous Periwinkle. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PL creeping. Cuh. As these plants delight to grow under the cover of trees and bushes, they may be made ornamental, if they are planted in shrubberies, where they will spread and cover the ground ; and as their leaves continue green all the year, they will have a good effect in winter, and their elegant and delicate flowers appearing a great part of summer will add to the variety. They are easily increased by separating the rooted trailing shoots. XXXVIII. CATHARA'NTHUS (from caflopoc, katkaros, pure, and avBof, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the neatness and beauty of the flowers). — Vinca species, Lin. Lra. STST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted ; seg- ments subulate. Corolla salver-shaped ; segments nearly equal sided, obovate, mucronate ; throat bearded ; tube long, slender, clavate at top with 5 tubercles. Stamens inclosed, conniving over the stigma. Anthers mucronate, not membranous at top, sessile. Stigma capitate, marginate, bearded at top, and fur- nished with a cup-shaped membrane below, which sheaths the upper pan of the style. Hypogynous glands 2, elongated like the ovaria. Follicles twin, small, terete, glabrous, 2-celled, dehiscing inside ; dissepiment double, taking its rise from the suture, which is plaited inwards. Seeds 16-20 in each follicle, attached longitudinally to each side of the dissepiment, small, ovate-acuminated above, grooved and rugged from sharp tuber- cles on one side, and smooth on the other side. Albumen fleshy. — Small shrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite, evergreen, cori- aceous. Flowers elegant, axillary, solitary, or twin. 1 C. ROSEUS ; downy ; branches terete ; leaves elliptic, obtuse, mucronate ; petioles bidentate or bistipulate at the base ; flowers axillary, solitary, or twin, sessile. 1j . S. Native every where within the tropics, but probably originally from Madagascar. Vinca rosea, Lin. spec. 305. Mill. fig. t. 186. Curt. bot. mag. 248. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 172. t. 117. f- 5. Flowers bright crimson, or peach or rose-coloured, paler on the under side, with a dark purple eye. Calycine segments ciliated. Far. a, rbseus ; flowers rose-coloured. « J ar. p, albus ; flowers white. Far. -y, occeUatut ; flowers white, with a purple circle. Far. S, rilloius ; leaves villous, rounded at top, mucronate. Vinca rosea, Poir. diet. 5. p. 199. .Rose-coloured-flowered Catharanthus. Fl. Feb. Oct. Clu 1726. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 2 C. PCSILLCS ; stem herbaceous, quadrangular, much branched ; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; furnished with opposite stipulas at the base ; flowers twin or solitary, axillary, pedunculate. 0. S. Native of Tranquebar. Vinca pusflla, Lin. suppl. 166. syst. 252. Murr. cornm. goett. 1772. p. 66. t. 2. f. 1. Vinca parviflora, Retz. obs. 2. p. 14. no. 33. Ait. APOCYNEjE. XXXIX. ALYXIA. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 67. Cupa veela, Rheed. mal. 9. p. 61. t. 33. Flowers size and colour of those of Lithosper- mum officinale. Follicles longer than those of C. rbseus. Least Catharanthus. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1778. PI. £ to 1 foot. Cult. C. rbseus is a very elegant and delicate shrub, of easy culture ; and is increased readily by cuttings or seeds. C, pusillus, being annual, is only to be preserved by sowing the seeds in a pot full of light rich earth, and placing it in a hot-bed. Tribe V. ALYXIE'^E (this tribe agrees with Alyxia in the fruit being drupaceous). Ovarium double. Fruit drupaceous. Albumen large, ruminated or fleshy. XXXIX. ALY'XIA (from aXi/^tc, alyxis, anxiety, grief; gloomy appearance of the shrubs.) Banks, herb, ex R. Br. prod. p. 469. Cunningh. in bot. mag. no. 3312. Gynopogon, Forst. char. gen. p. 36. t. 18. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria Monogy'nia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped, with a naked throat. Stamens inclosed. Ovaria twin, few-seeded. Styles sub-adherent. Stigma obtuse. Drupes 2, pedicellate, one of which is usually abortive, simple, con- taining a semibilocular 1 -seeded putamen. Seed semibipartite. Albumen ruminated horny. Embryo erect, straight, or curved. Small, glabrous, lactescent trees or shrubs. Leaves verticillate or opposite, coriaceous, compact, evergreen. Flowers axillary or terminal, sometimes spicate, small, white, and usually sweet- scented. Habit and structure of flowers as in other Apocy- neous plants, but differs in the albumen being ruminated, and easily separated into lobes. * Leaves verticillate. 1 A. ACTINOPHY'LLCM (Cunningh. in bot. mag. no. 3313.) corymbs simple, axillary, pedunculate; pedicels 1 -3-flowered ; calyx bractless ; leaves 4-6-8 in a whorl, petiolate, long-lan- ceolate, glabrous, with revolute edges, glaucous beneath : with obtuse-angled, parallel veins ; peduncles only half the length of the leaves ; stigma oblong, membranous, beardless ; stem arborescent. ^ . S. Native of New Holland, on the shore within the tropic, as at Endeavour River and Montague Sound. Ray-leaved Alyxia. Shrub. 2 A. SPICAVTA (R. Br. prod. 1. p. 470.) spikes axillary ; flowers verticillate, almost sessile, unibracteate ; leaves 3 in a whorl, oval-oblong ; petioles shorter than the peduncles : with a simple base ; stigma sub-conical, furnished with a short beard. f? . S. Native of New Holland, on the east coast, within the tropic (R. Br.), Endeavour River (A. Cunningh.). (S^p'^e-flowered Alyxia. Shrub. S A. TETRAGONA (R. Br. prod. p. 470.) spikes axillary ; flowers verticillate, almost sessile, tribracteate ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong ; petioles longer than the peduncles : with a gib- bous base. Tj . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic ; Lizard Island. A. Cunningh. Tetragonal Alyxia. Shrub. 4 A. STELLA'TA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 439.) umbels axillary, pedunculate, much shorter than the leaves ; calyx bractless ; leaves 3 in a whorl, lanceolate, somewhat acuminated, bluntish, attenuated at the base, smooth ; stigma capitate, bearded (ex Spreng.). Jj . S. Native of the Society and Friendly Islands. Gynopogon stellatum, Forst. prod. no. 117. char. gen. p. 36. t. 18. Labill. sert. cal. p. 30. t. 34. A. aro- matica, Reinwdt. A. Reinwardtii, Blum. cat. hort. buitenz, p. 43. Starry-\esL\ed Alyxia. Shrub. 5 A. oBxusiF6nA (R. Br. prod. p. 470.) umbels axillary, pedunculate ; calyx bractless ; leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate or obovate, very blunt. (? . S. Native of New South Wales, on the south coast. Blunt-leaved Alyxia. Shrub. 6 A. LAURINA (Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p. 451. t. 62.) peduncles terminal, usually by threes, 1 -3-flowered ; calyx bractless ; leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong, rather coriaceous, ter- minating in a rounded, emarginate, taper point ; stigma ciliated. fj. S. Native of the Moluccas. — Rumph. amb. 5. p. 34. t. 20. (ex Gaud.) Laurel-like Alyxia. Shrub. 7 A. OLIVJEFORMIS (Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bt. p. 451.) pe- duncles axillary, solitary, 2-4-flowered ; leaves 3 in a whorl, elliptic-oblong, acute at both ends, membranous ; fruit olive- formed. J? . S. Native of the Sandwich Islands. Olive-formed-fruited Alyxia. Shrub. 8 A. TORRESIA'NA (Gaud, in 1. c.) peduncles axillary, solitary, 2-flowered, exceeding the petioles ; leaves 3 in a whorl, elliptic, obtuse, sub-emarginate, running into the petioles at the base ; fruit roundish elliptic. Jj . S. Native of the Marianne Islands. Torres s Alyxia. Shrub. 9 A. GYNOPOGON (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 440.) flowers almost sessile, axillary or terminal, solitary or twin ; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, obovate, or ovate-oblong, bluntish, attenuated at the base, shining, veinless beneath ; stigma beardless ; branches twiggy, glabnus. fj . S. Native of Norfolk Island, in shady humid parts of woods. Wall, cat 1650. Endlicher, prod. fl. norf. p. 58. Bauer, ill. pi. norf. t. 119. A. Forsteri, Cun- ningh. mss. 1830. Gynopogon Alyxia, Forst. prod. no. 118. Gynopogon Alyxia. Clt.? Shrub. 10 A. DAPHNOIDES (Cunning, in bot. mag. t. 3313.) flowers sessile, axillary, or terminal ; leaves 4 in a whorl, obovate- oblong, elliptic, or rhomboid, obtuse, smooth, shining, veiny beneath ; stigma tipped by a short, pencil-like beard ; branches straight, tomentose, scabrous. I? . S. Native of Norfolk Island, in dry shady woods. Daphne-like Alyxia. Clt. 1831. Shrub. 11 A. RUSCIFOLIA (R. Br. prod, p 470.) flowers almost ses- sile, terminal ; leaves 4 or 3 in a whorl, broad-elliptic or ellip- tic-lanceolate, acute, mucronate : the mucrone spiny ; veins acute, angular ; the surfaces and margins rather roughish ; stigma truncate at apex, pencilled. Jj . S. Native of the south coast of New South Wales. Lodd. bot. cab. 1811. Cunningh. in bot. mag. 3312. A. Richardsonii, Sweet. Far. /3, pugioniformis (Cunningh. mss. 1828. and 1. c.) leaves narrow-lanceolate, mucronate. (j . S. Native of Morion Bay. Ruscus-leaved Alyxia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. * * Leaves opposite. 12 A. SULCA'TA (Hook. ann. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 90.) leaves opposite, ovate, obtuse, rather membranous, shining on both surfaces, obsoletely and parallelly veined ; peduncles axil- lary, solitary, 3-flowered, one half shorter than the leaves ; fruit olive-formed, furrowed longitudinally. t? . S. Native of tie Sandwich Islands. FMrron>ej . S. Native of New Spain, in temperate places, near the town of Tasco. Leaves 4^ inches long. Segments of corolla dimidiately obovate. Drupe globose, size of an apple. Corollas yellow. Thetetia-iike Cerbera. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1800. Tree 12 ft. 3 C. PERUMA'NA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 267.) leaves linear-lan- ceolate, crowded, glabrous ; peduncles short, few-flowered. ^ . S. Native of Peru, in woods. C. Thevetia, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 27. t. 153. f. b. C. Thevetia /3, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 261.? According to Cav. descr. p. 108. this differs from Thei-etia in the ovarium being tetragonal, not round, in the peduncles being few-flowered, not 1 -flowered. Corollas yellow, with wedge-shaped, oblique, truncate segments, and a villous throat : having 5 subulate teeth, closing the tube. Peruvian Cerbera. Tree 12 feet. 4 C. AHOU'AI (Lin. spec. 1 . p. 303.) leaves ovate, acute, glabrous; peduncles terminal, short, 6-7-flowered ; calycine seg- ments reflexed ; segments of corolla undulated. »j . S. Na- tive of Brazil. Curt. bot. mag. 737. Andr. rep. 231. Lam. ill. 2. p. 193. t. 170. f. 1. C. Thevetia, Lin. hort. cliff, p. 75. VOL. IV. Ahouai, Thev. antarct. p. 66. Corollas pale yellow. The wood is very fetid ; and the fruit is a deadly poison. The Indians are said to put small stones into the empty nuts, string them, and fasten them about their legs when they dance. Ahouai Cerbera. F). June, July. Clt. 1739. Tree 10 to 20 feeU 5 C. OVA'TA (Cav. icon. 3. p. 35. t. 270.) leaves oblong- ovate, green above, rather downy beneath, and yellowish ; flowers terminal, usually 5 together ; calycine segments ovate, acute, reflexed ; segments of corolla arched. ^ . S. Native of New Spain. Corolla yellow. Fruit nearly globose, size of a walnut, compressed, bluntly truncate. Orate-leaved Cerbera. Shrub 3 to 6 feet, 6 C. CCNEIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 224.) leaves oblong-cuneated, rounded at the apex, puberulous above and downy beneath ; peduncles sub-dichotomous, few-flowered ; calycine segments oblong, acute, hardly shorter than the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla dimidiately obovate. Tj . G. Native of Mexico, on the western declivities of the mountains, between Zumpango and Mescalo. Leaves 3 inches long, and an inch broad at top, with some scales in their axils. Peduncles hairy. Corollas yellow ? Wedge-kaved Cerbera. Fl. April. Tree. 7 C. NITIDA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 225.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, with subrevolute edges, glabrous and shining above, but hairy beneath ; flowers race- mose ; calycine segments ovate, acuminated, 4 times shorter than the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla rounded. Tj . S. Native of New Granada, at the mouth of the river Sinu, and near Turbaco. Leaves 8-10 inches long. Corollas white, about the size of those of Vinca rosea ; limb downy outside. Ovaria girded by 5 combined glands. Drupes com- bined, fleshy, 2-lobed, 4-celled ? cells 1 -seeded. Shining Cerbera. Fl. March. Shrub. •f- Doubtful species. 8 C. ALLIODORA (Willd. mss. ex Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 798.) leaves roundish, obtuse, roughish. fj . S. Native of South America. Humb. et Bonpl. Garlic-scented Cerbera. Shrub or tree. 9 C. OBOVA'TA (Willd. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-obovate, tapering into the petioles, glabrous, parallel)}- veined beneath. Fj . S. Native of? Oiorate-leaved Cerbera. Shrub or tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Tabernaemontana, p. 92. XLI. TANGHI'NIA (Tanghen or Tanghin is the Mada- gascar name of T. tenen^flva, the juice of which is the ordeal water of that island). Pet. Th. gen. med. p. 10. Poir. suppl. 5. p. 283. Bojer. in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 290. t. 110. — Cerbera species of authors. Cynoctonum, Gmel. syst. veg. 1. p. 443. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft ; seg- ments spreading, deciduous. Corolla salver-shaped, longer than the calyx ; with a pentagonal, dilated throat ; limb spread- ing; segments unequal-sided. Stamens 5, inserted into the dilated part of the tube of the corolla ; anthers thick, heart- shaped, hidden by as many foliaceous acuminated inflexed la- mellae or scales, which rise from the throat : having an umbilical tubercle under each anther. Ovarium solitary, 4-lobed, girded by a hypogynous ring. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed, inclosed in the dome formed by the anthers. Drupe ovate, containing a fibry nut, which is acute at both ends. Integument of seed mem- branous. Albumen none, ex Pet. Th. ; concatenated, horny, ex Bojer. Cotyledons flat, slender, somewhat cordate, ex Bojer ; thick, concave, ex Pet. Th. Embryo superior, inverted. — Gla- brous trees, with the habit of Mango. Leaves alternate, approxi- O 98 APOCYNEjE. XLI. TANOHINIA. XLII. RAUWOLFIA. mate at the tops of the branches, coriaceous. Flowers disposed in terminal corymbose panicles. Peduncles and pedicels bibrac- teate, twice ternate. Corollas white, or pink : with a dark eye. 1 T. VENENE'FLUA (Poir. 1. c. Bojer. 1. c.) leaves elliptic- lanceolate, approximate, coriaceous, glabrous, shining : with re- volute, cartilaginous edges ; flowers disposed in terminal, co- rymbose panicles. Jj . S. Native of Madagascar. Cerbera Tanghin, Hook. hot. mag. 2968. Leaves 5-8 inches long. Corollas with a green tube, and pink or rose-coloured limb. This is the famous ordeal tree of Madagascar. The custom of administering Tanghin as an ordeal, in Mada- gascar, has become far more universal during the present reign, than at any former period of the Huwa government. When her present majesty, in the beginning of 1830, came to the reso- lution of cleansing her lands from sorcerers, an ordeal was com- manded in every town and village ; and in Tannanarivoo scarcely any class of inhabitants escaped. On the 9th of May, 1830, in compliance with the sovereign's mandate, a notable administra- tion of Tanghin took place. The accused persons amounted to about thirty, including some of the highest rank in the kingdom. All the nobility recovered ; while the unknown ple- beians, who, according to the common jugglery, had been com- pelled to drink with them, died. The former made the usual triumphant entry into the town, on the 17th, borne in open palanquins, amongst the shouting, dancing, and grimaces of the many thousands of people. In the following month, April, about an equal number of Malagassy ladies submitted to the same ordeal ; but all survived, and, in due course, made a grand entry into town. The Tanghin is administered in private, as well as in public. A subject so deeply rooted in the minds of all the Malagassy people, from the sovereign down to the slave, is the belief in witchcraft; and so blindly are they led by this belief, that a whole nation may be considered as labouring under a spell, as powerful as the fascination which they attribute to the unfortunate sorcerers themselves. The fruit of the Tanghin is the part used, and is administered by means of some liquid, as broth, &c. Poison-flowing Tanghinia. Fl. July. Clt. 1826. Tree 30 feet. 2 T. MA'NGHAS ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, tapering downwards, approximate, shining; segments of corolla ovate, with an incurved, sub-retuse apex ; panicle terminal, corymbose. Jj . S. Native of Singapore, and some of the adjacent islands, Ceylon, &c. Cerbera Manghas, Lin. fl. zeyl. 106. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 192. t. 123-124. f. 1. Cerbera lactaria, Hamilt. Arbor lactaria, Humph, amb. 2. p. 243. t. 81. Cerbera quaterni- fblia, Roxb. hort. beng. 19.— Burm. zeyl. p. 150. t. 70. f. 1. Leaves dark green and shining above, and paler beneath, with capillary, sub-transverse nerves, which unite by means of a sub- marginal vein. Panicle large, open, with articulated dichoto- mous or trichotomous branches. Flowers white, by threes, scentless. Calycine segments lanceolate. Scales in the mouth of the corolla villous, pink-coloured. Drupe ovate-oblong, sometimes twin. The seeds in this and the following are said to be exalbuminous. Manghas Tanghinia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1 800. Tree 20 ft. 3 T. ODOLLAM ; leaves lanceolate, approximate, shining ; corymbs terminal ; calycine segments linear, revolute ; seg- ments of corolla sub-falcate. Tj . S. Native of various parts of India, on the shores, in salt swamps. Cerbera Odollam, Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 193. t. 124. Cerbera Manghas, Sims, bot. mag. 1845. Odollam, Rheed. mal. 1. p. 71. t. 39. Wood remark- ably spongy, and white. Flowers large, white, fragrant. Stigma large and conical, 2-cleft at apex, resting in a saucer- shaped receptacle, the circumference fluted with 10 grooves. Odollam Tanghinia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1756. Tree 20 feet. 4 T. IAURIFOLIA ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, attenuated at the base, coriaceous, quite entire, glabrous, with dense parallel nerves. fj . S. Native of the East Indies. Cerbera lauri- folia, Lodd. bot. cab. 989. Flowers white. Laurel-leaved Tanghinia. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1818. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana, p. 92. XLII. RAUWO'LFIA (so named by Plumier, in honour of Leonhard Rauwolf, physician at Augsburg, who travelled in France and Italy, 1560 — 1563 ; and through Palestine and other countries, in 1573 — 1575. His travels were published in Ger- man, in 1582 and 1583, and were translated into English by Nich. Staphorst, under the revision of Mr. Ray, with additions by him. John Fred. Gronovius published a catalogue of the plants which Rauwolf found in his travels to the East in 1775, under the title of Flora Orientalis, Lugdb. oct. He died in 1596.) Plum. gen. 40. Lin. gen. no. 293. Juss. gen. 148. Gsertn. fruct. t. 52. Jacq. amer. 47. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 543. Blum, bijdr. 1033, but not of Ruiz, et Pav. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5 -parted, per- manent. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a bearded throat, a short tube, and a twisted, 5-lobed limb ; segments unequal-sided. Stamens 5, inclosed, or a little exserted ; anthers free, ovate- cordate. Ovaria 2, combined, girded by a hypogynous ring ; 2- celled, bi-ovulate. Style didymous. Stigma sub-capitate, or peltate, emarginate. Drupe didymous, globose, containing 2 1-celled, 1-seeded nuts, or a 2-celled one; cells divided into 2 chambers. Seeds reflexedly conduplicate below, attached to the dissepiment, which is incomplete, and is perhaps a dilated placenta. Embryo uncinately recurved at the base, with a su- perior radicle. Albumen fleshy, conforming to the seed. — Lactescent shrubs, or small trees ; with verticillate leaves ; and interpetiolar corymbs of small flowers. Petioles furnished with subulate glands inside. * Species natives of South America. 1 R. PSYCHOTRIOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 231.) leaves 4 in a whorl, elliptic-oblong, acuminated, glabrous, 2 of which are much smaller than the other 2, having the middle rib ciliated towards the base ; corymbs on long peduncles. fj . S. Native of the Spanish Main, in shady places, near Cumana. R. viridis, Willd. herb, ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 805. Leaves membranous, shining above, but paler beneath, 4 or 4^ inches long. Bracteas lanceolate-linear. Corymbs small. Corollas white, downy outside. Calycine segments ovate, acute. Segments of corolla dimidiately oblong, obtuse. Perhaps the same as R. nitida. Psychotria-like Rauwolfia. Tree 10 to 15 feet. 2 R. TERNIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 232.) leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles few-flowered, sub-corymbose. ^ . S. Native of New Spain, on the banks of the river Magdalena, near Monpox. Hook. bot. mag. 2440. R. ligustrina, Willd. herb.no. 5097. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 805. Leaves membranous, 2-4 inches long. Flowers like the preceding. Calycine segments ovate-lanceolate. Three-leaved Rauwolfia. Fl. May. Clt. 1823. Shrub. 3 R. NITIDA (Jacq. amer. p. 47. Lin. spec. 303.") leaves 3 and 4 in a whorl, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated, quite glabrous, shining, having the midrib rather villous beneath ; corymbs few- flowered. \i . S. Native of South America, and St. Domingo, in woods. Lam. ill. t. 172. f. 1. Lodd. bot. cab. 339. R. viridis, Herb. Willd. R. heterophylla, Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 805.— Plum. gen. 19. icon. 236. f. 1. Leaves approximate, unequal in size, 3 inches long, and one broad. Calycine teeth acute. Corollas white. Petals ciliated, with thick conical pili. Fruit at first yellowish, afterwards dark purple. APOCYNEJE. XLII. RAUWOLFIA. XLIII. DISSOLENA. XLIV. OCHEOSIA. XLV. OPHIOXYLOX. 99 Shining-leaved Rauwolfia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1752. Tree 1 2 feet. 4 R. BRAZILIE'XSIS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 834.) leaves 3 in a whorl, elliptic-oblong, acute, opaque, having the veins and nerves downy beneath ; peduncles 1 -flowered, axillary, thick, and are, as well the calyxes, silky. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Brazilian Rauwolfia. Shrub. 5 R. PARVIFLORA (Bert, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. S34.) leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate, rather unequal ; peduncles 1- flowered, capillary, axillary, shorter than the leaves. T? . S. Native of Brazil. Small-Jlon-ered Rauwolfia. Shrub. 6 R. CAKE'SCENS (Lin. syst. 250.) leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong- obovate, acuminated, downy ; corymbs few-flowered. Tj . S. Native of Jamaica, and other West India Islands. R. subpubes- cens, Lin. spec. SOS. R. hirsuta, Jacq. amer. p. 47. ed. pict. p. 259. f. 17. — Plum. gen. 9. icon. 236. f. 2. — Sloane, jam. 173. hist. 2. p. 107. t. 188. f. 1.— Pluk. phyt. 266. f. 2. Branches rather tomentose. Leaves more tomentose beneath than hairy. Calycine segments lanceolate. Segments of corolla nearly square, sub-emarginate. Drupes dark red. Flowers small, red. ? Canescent Rauwolfia. Fl. June. Clt. 1739. Shrub 2 to 8 feet. 7 R. TOMENTOSA (Lin. spec. 303.) leaves 4 in a whorl, ob- long, attenuated at both ends, tomentose ; corymbs few-flowered. H . S. Native on rocks and walls, of Carthagena, iu South America. Jacq. amer. 48. obs. 2. t. 35. Flowers small, white. Calycine segments ovate. Fruit at length nearly black. Tomentose Rauwolfia. Fl. April, Oct. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3 to t feet. ' * Specie* natives of the East Indies. 8 R. SCMATRA'XA (Jack, mal. misc. 1. no. v. p. 22. ex Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 513. Blum, bijdr. p. 1034.) leaves 3-4 in a whorl, cuneate-oblong, or obovate, glabrous ; umbels or corymbs termi- nal, pedunculate, few-flowered ; mouth of corolla shut by 5 fascicles of villi. fj . S. Native of Java and Sumatra, frequent in the neighbourhood of Bencoolen. This shrub resembles the Manggalaid, or Tanghinia Mdnghas, in habit and foliage. Leaves 6 inches long. Flowers small, white. Segments of corolla roundish. Stigma peltate. This species resembles R. nitida, but is sufficiently distinguished by its inflorescence. The wood, being light, is employed by the Sumatrans, for scabbards to their swords, and krises. Sumatra Rauwolfia. Tree 12 to 15 feet. * * * A species native of Africa. 9 R. VOMITORIA (Afz. rem. guin. ex Spreng.) leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate, on long petioles ; branches tetragonal ; flowers axillary, umbellate. Jj . S. Native of Guinea. Vomit Rauwolfia. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberruemontana, p. 92. XLIII. DISSOLENA (from fa, dis, double; and -, solen, a tube ; the lower part of the tube of the corolla is different from that of the upper.) Lour. coch. p. 138. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft; segments subulate, erect. Corolla with a long tube of two forms : lower part thick, pentagonal, and staminiferous ; upper part cylindrical : limb spreading, 5-cleft. Stamens inserted be- neath the mouth of the lower part of the tube. Style shorter than the stamens ; stigma sub-ovate, thick, scabrous. Drupe small, ovate, containing a compressed, scabrous, 1-celled, 1- seeded nut. — An upright shrub, with spreading branches. Lower leaves opposite ; upper ones 3-4 in a whorl. Racemes sub- divided, terminal. Corollas white. Drupes black, glabrous. Nearly allied to Raunolfa or Ochrosia. 1 D. VERTICILLA'TA (Lour. coch. p. 138.) 1? . G. Native of China, in the province of Canton. Cerbera Chinensis, Spreng. syst. 1 . p. 643. IFAorferf-leaved Dissolena. Fl. ! Clt. 1812. Shrub 8 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberrn?montana, p. 92. XLIV. OCHROSIA (from «xP°c» echrot, pale yellow ; colour of flowers.) Juss. gen. 144. Labill. sert. cal. 25. Cerbera species of authors. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-toothed, or 5 -parted. Corolla funnel-shaped ; segments of the limb 2- lobed, spreading, oblique. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat. An- thers inclosed. Stigma thick, 2-lobed. Fruit twin, or solitary bv abortion, drupaceous, each containing a 2-4-celled nut ; each cell 1-2-3-seeded. Seeds oblong, unequal, flat, with membranous edges, albuminous ? — Glabrous shrubs, with verticillate leaves, 4 in a whorl; and dichotomous corymbs of flowers. 1 O. BORBONICA (Juss. gen. p. 145.) leaves 4 in a whorl ; ovate-lanceolate, shining ; corymbs terminal, and in the forks of the branches. Vj. S, Native of Bourbon, Isle of France. Ophioxylon Ochrosia, Pers. ench. 1. p. 266. Rauwolfia striata, Poir. diet. 4. p. 85. no. 5. suppl. 4. p. 120. and p. 656. Dide- rota amphicarpa, Comm. mss. Cerbera Borbonica, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 642. Habit of Ophioxylon terpentinum. Stem yel- lowish. Leaves 2-5 inches long, greenish yellow beneath. Corymbs dense. Corolla cream-coloured. Drupes 2-celled. Bourbon Ochrosia. Fl. ? Clt. 1823. Shrub. 2 O. MACCLA'TA (Jacq. coll. 4. p. 218. icon. rar. 2. t. 321, ex- lusive of the syn. of Forst. Dryander, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 227.) leaves 3-4 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, undulated, veiny, spotted ; corymbs terminal, and in the forks of the branches, or axillary. V? . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon. Cerbera maculata, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1223. Cerbera undulata, Andr. rep. t. 130. The leaves only spotted in the dried state, shining, 4 inches long. Corolla white, with a red throat. Fruit yellow, acuminated, containing a"2-celled nut. Spotted-leaved Ochrosia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 3 O. ELLIFTICA (Labill. sert. cal. p. 25. t. 30.) leaves elliptic, 3 in a whorl ; drupe 4-celled. fj . S. Native of New Cale- donia. An erect shrub. Leaves emarginate, coriaceous ; pe- tioles furnished with papillaeform or lamellose resin inside. Flowers sub-corymbose, interpetiolar and terminal. Follicles sub- triquetrous. EUiptic-leaved Ochrosia. Shrub erect. 4 O. PARVIFLORA ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong, bluntish, pa- rallelly-veined, flat ; cymes pedunculate, sub-axillary, branched, divaricate. Ij . S. Native of the Sandwich Islands. Cerbera parviflora, Forst. prod. no. 121. Hook, and Am. in Beech, voy, pt. bot. p. 90. Very nearly allied to O. maculata. Small -faltered Ochrosia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Tabertuemontdna, p. 92. XLV. OPHIO'XYLON (from of i£, opkit, a serpent ; and SuXov, xylon, wood ; twisted root and stems.) Lin. gen. no. 142. Juss. gen. 321. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 129. t. 109. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 530. Blum, bijdr. p. 1037. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, or 5- toothed, permanent. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a long tube, which is thickened in the middle, and a 5-cleft, oblique limb. Anthers almost sessile, inserted in the middle of the tube. Ovarium didymous ; lobes 1-ovulate. Style filiform, inclosed; stigma capitate. Drupe baccate, black, size of a pea, twin, or solitary by abortion, each containing a 1 -seeded, wrinkled nut. Embryo inverted, straight, nearly as long as the albumen, with round, cordate cotyledons, and a sub-cylindrical radicle. Albu- men conforming to the seed, greenish white. — A glabrous, twining o 2 100 APOCYNE^E. XLV. OPHIOXYLON. XL VI. VALLESIA. XLVII. KOPSIA. XLVIII. CAT.PICARPUM. or climbing shrub, with verticillate leaves ; and axillary, pedun- cled fascicles of flowers. 1 O. SERPENTINUM (Lin. fl. zeyl. p. 398.) I? . w. S. Native of the East Indies, in many places ; in rich soil it becomes a climber or twiner ; but in poor soil it is a small, erect shrub. Wendt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 53. t. 7. f. 2. Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 3. t. 389. Sims. bot. mag. 784. O. trifoliatum, Gsertn. fruct. 2. t. 129.? — Burm. zeyl. 141. t. 64. — Rlieed. mal. 6. p. 81. t. 47. — Rumph. amb. 7. p. 29. t. 16. Leaves 3-4-5 in a whorl, cuneate-oblong, acute, waved, 4-5 inches long. Cymes axillary, on long peduncles, erect, and sometimes droop- ing; pedicels and calyxes red, which, with the white corollas, gives the cymes a pretty appearance. Dr. Wallich seems to think the 0. trifoliatum, Gaertn. to be a distinct species, although he knows nothing to be compared to it. In India the root of O. serpentmum is employed for the cure of various disorders, by the Telinga physicians. First, in substance, inwardly, as a febrifuge. Secondly, in the same manner, after the bite of poisonous animals. The juice is also expressed, and dropped into the eye, for the same purpose. And, thirdly, it is adminis- tered, in substance, to promote delivery in tedious cases. Serpentine Snake- Wood. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1690. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Strophdnthus, p. 85. XLVI. VALLE'SIA (named by the authors of the Flora Peruviana, after T. Vallesio, physician to Philip II. of Spain.) Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 26. t. 151. f. B. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 233. t. 241. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5 -parted, permanent. Corolla salver-shaped : with a slender, elongated tube, and a widened hairy throat ; segments oblique. Sta- ihens inclosed ; anthers ovate-sagittate, free. Ovaria two. Style didymous ; stigma sub-clavate. Drupes 2, distinct, sub- clavate, containing each a 1 -celled, 1 -seeded, fibry, striated nut. Embryo straight, central : with oblong, obtuse, plano- convex, fleshy cotyledons : and an inferior, thick, terete, acutish radicle. Albumen thin, fleshy, white. — Small glabrous trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, without glands. Peduncles opposite the leaves, dichotomous, many-flowered. Flowers small, white. 1 V. CHIOCOCCOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 233.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, somewhat conduplicate ; peduncles opposite the leaves, dichotomous. Pj . S. Native of South America, in the province of Jaen de Bracamoros, on the banks of the river Amazon, near Tomependa, where it is called Chuviringana. Segments of corolla obliquely ovate, obtuse. Corollas white. Chiococca-like Vallesia. Fl. May. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 2 V. DICHOTOMA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 26. t. 151. f. 6.) leaves ovate, acute, undulated, shining ; peduncles corymbose, dichotomous, opposite the leaves. ^ . S. Native of Peru. Leaves 2-5 inches long. Corolla white, with a greenish tube. Nut oval-oblong. Dichotomous Vallesia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. Shrub 8 to 10 feet. 3 V. CYMBIFOLIA (Ort. dec. p. 58.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, boat-shaped, incurved at top ; peduncles opposite the leaves, dichotomous, corymbose, few-flowered. Jj . S. Native of New Spain. Rauwolfia glabra, Cav. icon. 3. p. 50. t. 297. Vallesia dichotoma, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 656. Calycine teeth small. Co- rolla white ; segments obliquely-ovate, acute. Boat-leaved Vallesia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. Shrub 3 to 6 feet. 4 V. PUNCTA'TA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 642.) leaves alternate, petiolate, oblong-attenuated at both ends, full of pellucid dots ; branches and petioles granular ; fascicles of flowers pedunculate ; corolla granular outside. fj . S. Native of Brazil. Dotted Vallesia. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana, p. 92. Tribe VII. KOPSIE'Ji. Ovarium double. Fruit drupaceous. Albu- men wanting. XLVII. KO'PSIA (meaning not explained by the author.) Blum, bijdr. p. 1030. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-toothed, permanent. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube ventricose at apex ; throat coarctate, villous ; segments of the limb spreading or reflexed. Stamens 5, inclosed, free. Style filiform, not ex- serted; stigma oblong, undivided, downy at top. Drupes two, or solitary by abortion, coriaceous, divided by an incomplete dissepiment inside, 1 -seeded. Embryo inverted. Albumen none. — Lactescent trees or shrubs, with opposite leaves ; and lateral and terminal pedunculate, bracteate cymes of flowers. 1 K. ARBOREA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1030.) arboreous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate ; segments of corolla broad-lanceolate. tj . S. Native of Java, in woods, on the mountains, where it is called Kilutung. Flowers white. Tree Kopsia. Fl. year. Tree. 2 K. VINC^EFLORA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1030.) shrubby; leaves oblong-lanceolate; segments of corolla oval. Tj.S. Native of Java, on the Salak mountains. Throat of corolla red. Vinca-flowered Kopsia. Fl. year. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana, p. 92. XLVIII. CALPICA'RPUM (from «iX™, calpis, an urn ; and Kupxoc, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the shape of the fruit.) Cerbera species, Roxb. and Lam. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft ; seg- ments lanceolate, permanent, each ending in a gland. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a slender tube, swelling at the throat; throat highly coloured and hairy, but neither furnished with teeth nor scales. Segments of limb obovate, oblong, equal-sided. Stamens .5, inserted round the bottom of the swelled part of the tube ; anthers sagittate, inclosed. Ovaria twin, 2-celled ; on the sides where they meet, there is a small subulate scale cover- ing the fissure: cells 1-ovulate. Ovula attached to the middle of the partition. Stigma large, with a 2-lobed apex, hid by the converging anthers. Drupe, or rather capsule, usually solitary, oblique, urn-shaped, villous, with a slit down the middle, semi- bivalved, 1 -celled, opening up the inside, and along the apex ; pulp hardly any, the whole substance being thin, and rather fibrous. Seeds solitary, ovate-oblong ; integument simple, white, pretty thick and soft. Albumen none. Embryo erect, with pale yellow cotyledons, conforming to the seed ; and an ovate, superior radicle. — Glabrous shrubs, with dichotomous branches ; broad, opposite, lanceolate leaves ; and terminal co- rymbs of red flowers. 1 C. ROXBU'RGHII ; leaves opposite, remote, oblong to lan- ceolate, glabrous, acuminated ; corymbs at first terminal, but afterwards in the forks, with sub-trichotomous, short divisions. \j . S. Native of Pegu. Cerbera fruticosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 526. Ker. bot. reg. 391. Flowers size of those of Vinca rbsea, the mouth of a lively red, the rest of a bright pink, rather fragrant, and extremely ornamental. Roxburgh's Calpicarpum. Fl.year. Clt. 1819. Shrub 4 to 6 ft. 2 C. ? LAMA'RKII ; leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, rounded or blunt at the apex ; 'panicles corymbose, short, in the forks of the branches ; flowers small. \j . S. Native of the East Indies ; and the Moluccas, if Cerbera salutaris, Lour, be the same. Lac- taria salubris, Rumph. amb. 2. p. 255. t. 84. Cerbera oppo- sitifblia, Lam. diet. 1. p. 62. suppl. 1. p. 262. Cerbera salu- taris, Lour. coch. Blum, bijdr. 1033. Flowers red? Ca- APOCYNEJs. XLIX. MELODISTS. L. CARPODINUS. LI. CHILOCARPUS. LII. WILLUGHBEIA. 101 lycine segments small, connivent, ex Blume. Cymes on long peduncles, dichotomous, many-flowered. Lanark's Calpicarpum. Shrub or tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana, p. 92. Tribe VIII. MELODINIEV.£. Fruit baccate, 2-celled, solitary. Seeds naked, flattened, imbedded in pulp. Ovula attached to two ele- vated receptacles, which rise from the middle of the partition. XLIX. MELODIOUS (so named by Foster, from /iijXov, melon, an apple; and tiviw, dineo, to turn round; in reference to the fruit being like an apple, and the stems twining.) Forst. gen. 23. Juss. gen. 148. Schreb. gen. no. 425. suppl. 23. Labill. sert. caled. p. 29. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, im- bricate. Corolla salver-shaped ; segments of the limb oblique, twisted to the right : corona in the throat of 5 bifid or quadrifid segments, alternating with the segments of the corolla. Stamens 5. inserted in the tube, inclosed, with very short filaments, and ovate anthers. Ovarium ovate ; placentas 2, fixed to the dis- sepiment. Style simple ; stigma dilated, conical, with a bifid apex. Berry globose, 2-celled, pulpy inside. Seeds many, flattened a little, wrinkled, nestling in the pulp, albuminous. — Lactescent, erect, or climbing shrubs; with opposite leaves, and opposite axillary cymes of flowers. § 1. Segments of corona bijid or quadrifid. 1 M. PHYLLIR.EOIDES (Labill. sert. cal. p. 29. t. 33.) stem erect, cymes opposite, axillary ; leaves rhomboid, coriaceous ; corona of 5 quadrifid segments, fj . G. Native of New Caledonia. Leaves rhomboid, or elliptic-oblong, obtuse, 1-| to 2 inches long. Phyllirca-like Melodinus. Shrub 6 feet. •2 M. BAUE'RI (Endlicher, prod. fl. ins. norf. p. 57.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, ribbed, shining ; corymbs axillary, oppo- site, shorter than the leaves ; corona of 5 bifid segments, f; . w. G. Native of Norfolk Island. Bauer, ill. pi. ins. norf. t. 140. and t. 164. Leaves 4 inches long. Berry globose, yellow, warted, about the size of an orange. Bauer's Melodinus. Shrub climbing. 3 M. SCA'NDENS (Forst. fl. austr. no. 125. Lin. syst. 256.) glabrous; stem climbing ; leaves oblong-ovate ; cymes opposite, axillary ; corona of the corolla of 5 cloven, lacerated segments, ij . w. S. Native of New Caledonia. Lam. ill. t. 179. Climbing Melodinus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1775. Shrub cl. | 2. Segments of corona entire. 4 M. MONOGYNUS (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 56. Ker. bot. reg. 834.) glabrous; climbing; leaves lanceolate, shining, acumi- nated ; panicles axillary and terminal, sub-globular, brachiate, crowded; corolla 5-parted ; segments sub -falcate ; scales in the mouth of the tube, entire, ensiform ; style short ; stigma ovate, emarginate at top. Ij . S. Native of Silhet, where it is called Sadul. Corolla white, fragrant. Extreme divisions of panicles 3-flowered. Berry 4 cornered, yellow, size of an orange, con- taining edible pulp. Monogynous Melodinus. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 5 M. EL-GENI.EFOLIA (Wall. cat. no. 1616.) petioles, branch- lets, peduncles, and calyxes, clothed with rusty down ; leaves elliptic, acuminated, with parallel, alternate veins, running into an almost marginal nerve ; peduncles panicled, axillary ; brae- teas foliaceous. t; . S. Native of Penang. Fruit s'ize of a middling gooseberry. Scales in the throat of the corolla undi- vided. Perhaps a distinct genus. Eugenia- (tared Melodinus. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. L. CARPODTNUS (from caps-of, karpos, a fruit; and ci»-tu, dineo, to turn round ; a name given to separate it from Melodinus.) R. Br. mss. Lix. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Co- rolla funnel-shaped, hairy, 5-cleft ; segments lanceolate, oblique, reflexed ; anthers 5, sagittate, conniving. Style 1 ; stigma round. Fruit orange-formed, 2-celled ? many-seeded. Seeds flattened, nestling in pulp. — Climbing, cirrhiferous shrubs ; with opposite leaves : and twin, axillary, 1 -flowered peduncles. 1 C. DC'LCIS ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; tendrils axillary ; flowers almost sessile, twin, axillary. Jj . w. S. Na- tive of Sierra Leone, in the neighbourhood of Freetown, where it is called Sweet Pishamin. a name introduced tji 'he Nova Scotia settlers. • • • Street-fruited Carpodin-is. Fl. June. July. Clt. J 822. Sh. cl. "--^ . r S. 2 C. A'CIDA ; fruit roundev, and Native of Sierra Leone. ' ..... Acid-fruited Carpodinus. Shrub cl. Cult. For culture and propagation see Ech'ites, p. 76. LI. CHILOCA'RPUS (from \ti\os, cheilos, a lip ; and copx-oc, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the fruit opening at one side.) Blum, bijdr. p. 1025. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube thickened in the middle ; segments of the limb 5, oblique. Anthers sagittate, almost sessile, in- serted in die middle of the tube, inclosed. Stigma capitate, inclosed among the anthers. Capsule large, corticate, 1 -celled, filled with granular pulp inside, dehiscing at the side when ripe. Seeds numerous, compressed, convolutely furrowed on one side, wrapped in membranes which rise from the parietes of the capsule. Albumen horny. Cotyledons foliaceous. — Climbing shrubs, with opposite, simple leaves, and axillary cymes of flowers. This genus is nearly allied to Wlllughbeia, but is easily distinguished from that genus, in the fruit being capsular, and in the seeds being albuminous. 1 C. SCAVE'OLENS (Blum, bijdr. p. 1025.) leaves oblong, glabrous, with five parallel veins ; flowers sub-cymose, axillary : pedicels covered with imbricating bracteas. Ij . w. S. Native of Java, on the mountains, where it is called Aroy (Jambier ; and Tjunkankan-lalan. Sieeet- scented Chilocarpus. Shrub cl. 2 C. DESCDA'TCS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, pa- rallelly veined, glabrous ; cymes axillary, few-flowered ; pedicels bractless. >j . ^,. S. Native of Java, in woods, on the Salak mountains. NaJced-ped\ce\\ed Chilocarpus. Fl. Aug. Shrub cl. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. LII. WILLUGHBE'IA (named after Francis Willughby, F.R.S., a friend and pupil of Ray ; author of Ornithologia, 1676 ; and Historia Piscium, 1678 ; published by Ray, after his death, which happened in 1672, at the age of 37 years.) Scop. Schreb. gen. no. 417. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 57. Blum. bijdr. p. 1023. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube thickened in the middle : limb of 5 oblique segments. Stamens inclosed ; anthers ovate, free. Ovarium 2-celled. Style didymous ; stigma conical. Ovula attached to 2 opposite, parietal placentas. Berry large, corticate, half 2-celled, many-seeded. Seeds in rows, exalbuminous, ni- dulent. Cotyledons plano-convex. — Climbing, usually cirrhi- ferous shrubs ; with opposite, glabrous leaves ; and axillary, pedunculate cymes of flowers. 1 W. EDC'LIS (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 57. Blum, bijdr. p. 1024.) climbing, cirrhiferous ; leaves elliptic-oblong, obtuse, acumi- nated, with parallel veins ; peduncles cymose, axillary, shorter than the petioles, f^ . w. S. Native of the Mauritius, Chitta- gong, and Silhet. Flowers pale pink. Berry very large, globular, 1 -celled. The milky, viscid juice, which flows from 102 APOCYNE^E. LIII. AMBELLANIA. LIV. PACOURIA. LV. HANCORNIA. LVI. LANDOLPHIA. LVI1. COUMA, &c. every part of the plant, is changed into a bad kind of elastic rubber, or caoutchouc, on exposure to the air. Edible Willughbeia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl. 2 W. JAVA'NICA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1024.) climbing, cirrhife- rous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntish at the apex, with fine parallel veins : peduncles cymiferous, axillary, longer than the leaves. Tj . w. S. Native of Java, in woods, on the Seribu and Salak mountains, where it is called Aroy Kibattarah. Java Willughbeia. Fl. March, July. Shrub cl. 3 W. CEL-B'SIOA (Blum., bjjdiv p. 1024.) climbing; leaves elliptic-oblong,: acuminated, -Veiny ; peduncles axillary, cymi- ferous, about equal in length to the petioles, b . ... S. Native of the Celebs. :.-'.• ; :.' Celebes Wiilugh&eiaV ' Fl/Atig".'' Shrub cl. 4 W. MARTABA'NA (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. p. 45. t. 272.) cirrhiferous, scandent, glabrous ; leaves ovate-oblong, acumi- nated, parallelly nerved ; berries globose. Tj . ^. S. Native of the province of Martaban, at Amherst, and Moalmeyne. Fruit yellow, about the size of an orange. This is very nearly allied to W. edulis. Martaban Willughbeia. Shrub cl. 5 W. CORIA'CEA (Wall. cat. no. 1620.) leaves coriaceous, shining above, and rusty beneath, elliptic, short-acuminated, obtuse, tendrils as in the last species. *j . w. S. Native of Singapore. Conaceows-leaved Willughbeia. Shrub cl. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. LIII. AMBELLA'NIA. (Ambellani is the Guiana name of the shrub.) Aubl. guian. 1. p. 266. t. 104. Juss. gen. 144. Fagrae'a species, Willd. Willughbeia species, Willd. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx short, 5-parted ; segments acute. Corolla tubular, with a narrow throat ; and a 5-cleft, oblique, undulated limb. Stamens 5, inclosed ; anthers sagittate. Style tetragonal ; stigma seated on a flat, orbicular disc ; bi-cuspidate at the apex. Berry ovate, oblong, fleshy, large, 2-celled, many-seeded, warted. Seeds broad, compressed, mu- ricate, fixed to the slender receptacle or dissepiment. — A small, lactescent tree. Leaves opposite. Peduncles axillary and ter- minal, 3-4-flowered, unibracteate. 1 A. A'CIDA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 266. t. 104.) leaves ovate- oblong, glabrous, quite entire, undulated on. the edges. fy . S. Native of Guiana and Cayenne. Willoughbeia acida, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1231. Leaves 7 inches long, and 3 broad, on short, half-embracing petioles. Flowers whitish. Berry citron-co- loured, warted. Bracteas at the base, of each peduncle, and each flower. The fruit, macerated in water, has a pleasant acid flavour. 4cid-fru\ted Ambellania. Shrub 6 to 8 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana, p. 92. LIV. PACOU'RIA (Pacouri-rana is the Guiana name of the tree.) Aubl, guian. 1. p. 279, t. 105. Juss. gen. 148. Willughbeia species, Willd. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, per- manent ; segments obovate, roundish, acute. Corolla with a short tube, and a 5-cleft limb ; segments oblique, undulated. Stamens short, inclosed ; anthers cuspidate. Style tetragonal ; stigma as in Ambellania. Berry large, pear-shaped, fleshy, pulpy, 1 -celled, many-seeded. Seeds hard, angular, nestling in the pulp. — A lactescent shrub, with sarmentose, nodose branches. Leaves opposite at the nodi. Racemes axillary on long peduncles, twining by tendrils. 1 P. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acute, undu- lated, glabrous, large, entire, having the nerves red and pro- minent beneath ; petioles stem-clasping ; flowers fascicled on the racemes, which are branched. ^ . w. S. Native of Guiana. Willughbeia scandens, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1231. Flowers yellow. Guiana Pacouria. Shrub cl. or tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echites, p. 76. LV. HANCO'RNIA (meaning unknown to us.) Gomez in act. acad. Oliss. 1812. p. 51. with a figure. Mart. act. bonn. 11. p. 84. Mangaibo, Pis. med. bras. p. 76. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube long, ventricose at top ; segments of the limb ovate-acute, 3 times shorter than the tube. Stamens- inclosed, pilose ; anthers oblong, connivent. Stigma bifid, seated on a cylindre. Berry 1-celled, many-seeded. Albumen hard, fleshy. 1 H. SVECIOSA (Gomez. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, coriaceous, bluntly cuspidate, glabrous ; peduncles terminal, usually 3- flowered. \i . S. Native of Brazil. Showy Hancornia. Tree 20 feet. 2 H. PUBE'SCENS (Mart, in act. bonn. 11. p. 85.) leaves ob- long, acuminated, and are, as well as the branches, downy ; cymes terminal, sessile, dichotomous. Tj . S. Native of Brazil. Downy Hancornia. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana, p. 92. LVI. LANDO'LPHIA (named by Beauvois, after M. Lan- dolphe, a captain in the French navy, commander of an expediton to Waree, who was of great assistance to Palisot de Beauvois, during his stay in Africa.) Beauv. fl. d'ow. 1. p. 54. t. 34. LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent ; 5-6- cleft ; segments coriaceous, sub-imbricate. Corolla tubular, with oblique segments, and a villous throat. Stamens 5. OvariumlO- striped. Style thickened at top ; stigma sub-bifid. Berry fleshy, nearly globose, depressed at top, 1-celled. Seeds many, ovate, compressed. — A shrub, with straight, terete branches. Leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, acute, petiolate, glabrous, 5-6 inches long. Flowers white, disposed in terminal, panicled corymbs, with opposite branches ; and very short pedicels. 1 L. OWARIE'NSIS (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 1. p. 54. t. 34.) fj . S. Native of Guinea, in the interior of the kingdom of Waree. Waree Landolphia. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana, p. 92. LVII. COU'MA (Couma is the Caribbean name of the tree.) Aubl. Guian. suppl. p. 39. t. 392. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. 1 Calyx, corolla, stamens, and pistil unknown. Berry globose, rusty, compressed at top, 3-4 or 5-celled. Seeds 3-4-5, orbicular, flat, covered with rust- coloured pulp. — A tree, with thick bark, bushy at top ; branch- lets trigonal, nodose. Leaves 3 in a whorl, at the nodi, stiff, glabrous, ovate, acuminated, pale green above, but paler beneath, on short petioles. Peduncles rising single from the nodi, short, bearing 4-5 berries on long pedicels, which are very palatable when ripe. 1 C. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. 1. c.) t? . S. Native of Guiana and Cayenne, in woods. Leaves opposite, or 3-4 in a whorl ; the branches always terminated by 3 leaves. Guiana Couma. Tree 30 to 40 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Taberncemontana, p. 92. Tribe IX. ALLAMANDIE'./£. Fruit capsular, composed of 2 joined follicles, prickly or smooth. Seeds fixed to a central placenta, of the figure of a buckler, surrounded by a membranous wing. Albumen wanting. LVIII. ALLAMA'NDA (so named after Frederick Alla- mand, a surgeon of Holme, who went to Guiana about 1769, and to Russia in 1776. He sent specimens and descriptions APOCYNE.E. LVIII. ALLAMAXDA. LIX. ASPIDOSPERMA. 103 of plants to Linnaeus.) Lin. mam. 146. syst. 1295. p. 252. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 293. t. 61. Juss. 148. Pohl, bras. 1. p. 70. — Orelia, Aubl. guian. t. 106. — Galarips, Allamand. Liu. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted ; seg- ments lanceolate-oblong, acute. Corolla funnel-shaped ; with a narrow tube : and a swollen, large, inflated limb, which is 5- cleft at the apex ; furnished with 5 scales in the throat of the tube, which cover the anthers. Anthers 5, almost sessile, con- verging. Style 1 ; stigma capitate, contracted in the middle, adhering to the anthers. Capsule echinated, roundish elliptic, 1 -celled, 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds surrounded by a mem- branous edge, fixed to the edge of the valves. Albumen wanting. — Lactescent shrubs or sub-shrubs, with verticillate leaves ; terminal and interpetiolar many-flowered peduncles. Flowers large, yellow. This genus differs from all other Apo- cyneous plants, in the figure of the corolla. It agrees, in some respects, with Ambellania, Pacouria, and Melodinus. 1 A. CENOTHERIFOLIA (Pohl, bras. 1. p. 71. t. 57.) stem straight ; leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong, acute, attenuated at the base, pilose on the nerves beneath. \ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, in humid places, among bushes. Stem fistular. Flowers large, yellow. Ecening Primrose-leaved Allamanda. Shrub. 2 A. SCHOTTII (Pohl, bras. 1. p. 73. t. 58.) stem erect; leaves oblong, acuminated, 4 in a whorl, quite glabrous on both surfaces. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, on the banks of the river Parahyba. A. Braziliensis, Schott. A. cathartica, Schrad. in Gott. anz. 1821. p. 701. no. 6. and p. 718. no. 42. Flowers large, yellow. Schott's Allamanda. Shrub 6 feet. 3 A. ANGCSTIFOUA (Pohl, bras. 1. p. 73. t. 59.) stems erect ; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, narrow-lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated, rather pilose. J; . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, in boggy places, about Meyapoute. Flowers large, yellow. Xarrote-haced Allamanda. Shrub. 4 A. LI.NX.E'I (Pohl, bras. 1. p. 74.) stem scandent ; leaves 4 in a whorl, obovate, obtuse, acutish, with sub-undulated edges, glabrous. fj . w. S. Native of the Antilles. A. cathartica, Lin. mant. 214. suppl. 165. Schrad. in Wendl. sert. hann. fasc. 1. p. 6. t. 22. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 293. t. 61. f. 4.— Plum. icon. p. 21. t. 29. Flowers large, yellow. The branches are said to be downy. Linnteuis Allamanda. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1785. Shrub cl. 5 A. AUBLE'TII (Pobl, bras. 1. p. 75.) stems scandent ; leaves 4-5 in a whorl, broad-oblong, acuminated, rusty beneath. I? . S. Native of Guiana, Cayenne, Maranham, Surinam ; and in the Island of Arrowabish, near Essequibo ; and on the banks of the Orinoco, near Carichana. A. cathartica, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 186, exclusive of the syn. of Lin. and Willd. H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 229. Meyer, esseq. p. 129. Curt. bot. mag. 338. Lam. ill. 303. t. 171. Orelia grandiflora, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 271. t. 106, exclusive of the synonymes. Echites salicifolia, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 796. Leaves rather hairy beneath, especially on the nerves, as well as the young branches. Flowers large, yellow. We have seen this species growing wild in Maranham; but it did not appear to us to be in any way scandent. Aubkfs Allamanda. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1785. Shrub cl. 6 A. VEETICII,LAVTA (Desf. tabl. de fecol. ed. 2d. p. 93. Pohl, bras. 1. p. 75. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 584.) leaves usually 6 in a whorl, ovate-oblong, obtuse, quite glabrous. J? . S. Native of South America. Flowers large, yellow. If'horled-leaved Allamanda. Shrub. Cult. All the species of Allamanda, are worth cultivating, in every collection of stove plants, for the sake of the beauty of 12 their large, yellow flowers, and whorls of showy foliage. A mixture of loam, sand, and peat, is the best soil for them ; and cuttings strike root freely in the same kind of earth, under a hand glass, in heat. They require a strong, moist heat to make them flower freely. LIX. ASPIDOSPEHMA (from ay-]eaved Carissa. Shrub or small tree. 9 C. SPINA'RUM (Lin. syst. 251. mant. 559.) shrub spiny; leaves ovate, acute, veiny, shining ; peduncles terminal, 4-5- flowered ; segments of corolla lanceolate ; cells of berry 2- seeded. ^ • S. Native of the East Indies and Japan. Lam. ill. t. 118. f. 2. Lodd. bot. cab. 162. Thunb. jap. 108. Branches dichotomous. Spines 2 at each ramification, opposite, the one above the branch and the other below it, red at top and shining, as in C. Carandas. Leaves small. Teeth of calyx subulate. Corolla white, with lanceolate-oblong segments. Berry black, size of a pea. Spiny Carissa. Fl. Aug. Dec. Clt. 1809. Tree. 10 C. AXILLA'RIS (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 526.) shrub armed with simple, opposite, recurved spines ; leaves oblong, on short petioles ; corymbs pedunculate, axillary, many-flowered, fj . S. Native of the Moluccas. Flowers white. jfxillary-fiowered Carissa. Shrub. 11 C. INE'RMIS (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 43.) shrub without spines ; leaves ovate, cordate, mucronate, veinless ; peduncles terminal, tern ; calycine segments setaceous. J? . S. Native of the East Indies. Like C. spinarum, but differs in the leaves being 3 times the size, in the flowers being larger, and in the absence of spines. Unarmed Carissa. Shrub. * * * Species natives of Africa and its islands. 12 C. ARDUINA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 555.) shrub spiny; leaves cordate-ovate, mucronate, nearly sessile ; flowers terminal, co- rymbose ; cells of berry 1 -seeded. >j . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Arduina bispinosa, Lin. mant. p. 552. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 387. Lycium cordatum, Mill. diet. no. 10. fig. p. 200. t. 300. Spines twin, simple, but usually bifid ; in this last case one of the clefts points downwards and the other upwards. Leaves dark green, larger than those of box. Flowers white, small, sweet-scented. Berry red. Ardmnis Carissa. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1760. Shrub 3 to 5 feet. 13 C. EDU'LIS (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 22.) shrub spiny ; branches villous at top ; leaves ovate, acute, veinless ; almost sessile ; peduncles terminal, twin, or sometimes by threes ; calycine seg- ments subulate, ciliated ; segments of corolla lanceolate-linear ; cells of berry 1 -seeded. Ij.S. Native of Arabia Felix, and of Abyssinia. Antiira, Forsk. desc. p. 63. Antura Hadiensis, Gmel. syst. veg. 405. Spines strong, red at top. Berries edible. APOCYNE.E. LX. CARISSA. LXI. HUXTERIA. LXII. MONETIA. LXIII. ALAFIA. LXIV. LEUCONOTIS. 105 acuminated, deep green above and pale beneath ; peduncles axillary, trichotomous. Jj . S. Native of Tavoy. Dark-green-leaved Hunteria. Shrub or tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Strophdnthus, p. 85. f Genera hardly known. LXII. MONETIA (so named by L'Heritier in honour of his friend Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Knight of Lamarck, of the Academy of Sciences of Paris, author of Flora Gallica, and of the Encyclopedic Methodique Botanique, &c.). L'Her. stirp. nov. t. 1. Azima, Lam. ex Juss. gen. 425. Lam. diet. 1 . p. 343. LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx ventricose, cam- panulate, 3-4-cleft. Petals 4, linear, alternating with the seg- ments of the calyx, somewhat reflexed at the apex. Stamens 4, inserted in the receptacle, alternating with the petals ; fila- ments thickened ; anthers sagittate, incumbent. Style short ; stigma acute. Fruit rather fleshy, pea-formed, 2-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Seeds orbicular, compressed, or peltate. — Evergreen spiny shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire, coriaceous. Flowers axillary, solitary, sessile, small. According to Lamarck, Azima is nearly allied to Carissa, but differs in the corolla being poly- petalous, and in the stamens being hypogynous. 1 M. TETRACA'NTHA ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, pun- gent at apex ; spines stipular, 4 in a whorl. Ij . S. Native of the East Indies. M. barlerioides, Lher. stirp. t. 1. Azima tetracantha, Lam. diet. 1. p. 339. — Seb. thes. 1. t. 13. f. 1. Branches slightly 4-cornered. Flowers axillary, few, in clusters, of threes at the top, green. Four-thorned Monetia. Fl. July. Clt. 1758. Sh. 3 to 6 ft. 2 M. DIACA'NTHA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 670.) spines opposite ; leaves downy beneath, ovate, petiolate. ^ . S. Native of the East Indies. Azima diacantha, Lam. diet. 1. p. 340. — Pluk. aim. 27. t, 133. f. 3.— Rheed. mal. 5. p. 73. t. 37. Tmo-thorned Monetia. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Strophdnthus, p. 85. LXIII. ALA'FIA (meaning unknown to us). Pet. Th. gen. mad. no. 34. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-lobed. Corolla tubular, ventricose ; with a 5-parted twisted limb ; seg- ments plicately sinuated on one side. Anthers acute, distinct, connivent ; filaments bound by the pistil. Style filiform, with 5 appendages. Stigma capitate, acuminated, enclosed by the anthers. — A weak, climbing, lactescent shrub, clothed with numerous, terminal, purplish flowers. Leaves opposite. 1 A. THOUA'RSII (Roam. coll. 1. p. 203. Roem. et Schuhes, syst. 4. p. 436.). ^ . ^,. S. Native of Madagascar. Petit Thouart's Alafia. Shrub cl. Cult. For culture and propagation see Echltes, p. 76. LXIV. LEUCONOTIS (from Xewoc, leucot, white, and ovt uros, ous otos, an ear). Jack, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 121. LIN. STST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted. Co- rolla tubular; limb 4-lobed. Stamens 4, inclosed. Ovarium simple, 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Style short. Stigma annular below and conical above. Berry 1-3-seeded. Seeds exalbu- minous. Embryo inverted. — A lactescent shrub, with opposite leaves and axillary dichotomous corymbs of yellow flowers. 1 L. A'NCEPS (Jack, 1. c.). J? . S. Native of Sumatra, where it is called Akar-Morai by the Malays. Branches 4-sided. Leaves oblong-acuminated, smooth, having the nerves connected by marginal arches. Two-edged Leuconotis. Shrub large. Cult. For culture and propagation see Strophdnthus, p. 85. Edible-berried Carissa. Shrub. 14 C.? XYLOPICRON (Pet. Th. obs. pi. isl. austr. p. 24. and p. 80.) shrub, spiny ; leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous, S-5-nerved ; peduncles lateral, spiny, 1-2-flowered; branches forming a pyramidal cyme, fj . S. Native of the Island of Bourbon, about St. Denis. Branches bifurcate. Segments of corolla acute. Berry middle-sized, ovate-oblong, succulent, an inch long, attenuated at the apex, with a bipartite placenta, con- taining 12-15 seeds. Xylopicron or Bitter-wooded Carissa. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. 15 C. CORIA'CEA (Wall. cat. no. 1681.) spiny ; leaves elliptic, coriaceous, with revolute edges, obtuse, mucronate, glabrous, shining above. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius. C. xylopicron, Telfair, but hardly of Pet. Th. Leaves 2 or 2^ inches long. Coriaceous-leaved Carissa. Shrub. 16 C. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (Pet. Th. 1. c. p. 80.) shrub spiny; leaves ovate-roundish ; flowers small ; fruit round. Jj . S. Na- tive of Madagascar. Very like C. xylopicron, but smaller in all its parts ; and the fruit round, not oblong. Madagascar Carissa. Tree small. 17 C. AsYssiMCA (R. Br. in Salt. trav. append.) this species has not yet been described, fj . S. Native of Abyssinia. Abyssinian Carissa. Shrub or tree. Cult. See Strophdnthus, p. 85. for culture and propagation. LXI. HUNTE'RIA (named by Roxburgh after William Hunter, M. D., of the Bengal medical establishment; an emi- nent botanist, and author of various papers in the Asiatic Re- searches, of the History of Pegu, &c.). Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 531. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, per- manent. Corolla funnel-shaped : having the tube gibbous at the base, and swelled a little at the mouth ; segments oblique. Stamens 5, with very short filaments, and ovate, inclosed anthers. Ovarium girded by an annular fleshy ring, ovate, 2-lobed, 2- celled ; with 2 ovula in each, attached by their base to the bottom of the partition. Stigma ovate, 2-lobed, inclosed. Berries twin, distinct, roundish-ovate, pulpy, 2-seeded. — Trees with opposite, entire leaves ; and terminal, corymbose, small, white flowers. — This genus differs from Carissa in the species being unarmed, not thorny ; and in the berries being twin, not solitary. 1 H. CORYMBOSA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 532.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, obtuse, pointed, glabrous ; corymbs terminal, decus- sate ; lobes of calyx ovate. fj . S. Native of the Prince of Wales's Island. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and 1-2 broad. Flowers numerous, small, white. Corymoose-flowered Hunteria. Tree. 2 H. EUGENISFOLIA (Wall. cat. no. 1615.) downy in every part; leaves elliptic or obovate-oblong, acuminated; panicles terminal, trichotomous ; lobes of calyx rounded. 1j . S. Na- tive of Penang. Nerium coraca, Herb. Ham. Leaves purplish beneath. Flowers rather large. Eugenia-leaved Hunteria. Tree. ? 3 H. CORIA'CEA (Wall. cat. no. 1610.) leaves coriaceous, gla- brous, shining above and pale beneath, obtuse ; racemes short, axillary, and lateral. T? . S. Native of Singapore. Flowers small. Coriaceous-leaved Hunteria. Tree or shrub. 4 H.? FASCICCLA'RIS (Wall. cat. no. 1612.) leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, pale beneath ; peduncles short, many-flowered, panicled, axil- lary. ^ . S. Native of the Pundua mountains. Fasciclcd-fio'KeTed Hunteria. Shrub or tree. 5 H. ? ATROVIRENS (Wall. cat. no. 1614.) leaves elliptic, VOL. IV. 106 ASCLEPIADE.E. ORDER CLIII. ASCLEPIAVDE.. S. Native of the Circars, in hedges near Samulcottah, &c. Flowers large, greenish yellow, and elegantly variegated with purple. Root tuberous, with many- branched fibres. The plant is called Bella-gada by the Telin- gas, who eat every part of the plant. Rushy Ceropegia. Clt. 1822. PI. tw. 5 C. AFRICA'NA (R. Br. in bot. reg. t. 626.) glabrous, twin- ing ; root tuberous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, fleshy ; corolla ventricose at the base ; tube slender ; segments of the limb bearded; corona as in C. IVlghtii. T(..^. S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, but more probably of the East Indies. Lodd. bot. cab. 906. Flowers erect, with a pentagonal throat, a green tube, and dark purple segments. African Ceropegia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. tw. 6 C. WIGHTII (Graham, mss. Wight, in bot. mag. 3267.) glabrous, twining ; root tuberous ; leaves ovate, acute, fleshy ; corolla spherically ventricose at the base : tube slender : seg- ments of the limb downy ; lateral lobes of leaflets of corona united to the apex, glabrous : the primary ones fleshy, com- pressed laterally, curved outwardly in the middle, hardly twice the length of the others. 1^. ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Nearly allied to C. Africana in the form of the corolla and crown. Wight's Ceropegia. Clt. ? PI. tw. 7 C. LU'SHII (Graham, in edinb. new. phil. journ. ex Hook, in bot. mag. 3300.) glabrous ; leaves linear, acuminated, fleshy channelled ; tube of corolla globosely inflated at the base : segments linear, hairy, approximate ; exterior lobes of stami- neous corona lunately emarginated, alternating with the interior ones, which are elongated, and cylindrically filiform, erect, flexuous, much longer than the exterior ones. 1^ . r^. S. Na- tive of the East Indies. Root bulbous. Peduncles umbellate, axillary. Corolla yellowish green, tinged with purple ; segments deep purple and hairy within. Dr. Lush's Ceropegia. Clt.? PI. tw. § 2. Corona apparently a double series of lobes ; the leaf- lets are nearly free to the base ; the lateral lobes of the leaflets distinct, approximating the primary ones, and partly adhering to their backs. * Lateral lobes of the leaflets of the corona ligulate, longer than the gynostegium. 8 C. E'LEGANS (Wall. ascl. no. 4. in bot. mag. t. 3015. Wight, cat. no. 1512.) suffruticose, glabrous, twining; root fibrous; leaves oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, acuminated ; peduncles 1-6- flowered, shorter than the leaves ; calycine segments subulate, much shorter than the ventricose base of the corolla ; corolla with a clavate tube, a hemispherical limb, and broad ligulate segments, which are much shorter than the tube, and ciliated with long hairs ; lateral lobes of the leaflets of the corona ligulate, one half shorter than the primary ones ; follicles slender, to- rulose, curved, 6-8 inches long. Tj . ^. S. Native of the mountains of Dindygul and Neelgherry. Corollas purple. Elegant Ceropegia. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1828. Shrub tw. 9 C. MACRA'NTHA (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 31.) suffruti- cose, twining ; leaves ovate, acuminated, ciliated ; umbels few- flowered, on short peduncles ; calycine segments subulate ; corolla ventricose at the base ; limb rather dilated ; segments rounded-linear, villous inside ; lateral lobes of the leaflets of the corona ligulate, hardly twice shorter than the middle ones. ^2 . ^. S. Native of the Himalaya, at a place called Khurie- pass, Royle. The corolla of this species is from 2-3 inches long, and except the ventricose base is nearly cylindrical, which readily distinguishes it from C. elegans, a nearly allied species. Long-flowered Ceropegia. Shrub tw. IOC. LONGIFOLIA (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. l.p. 56. t. 73.) downy, twining; root fibrous; leaves narrow-lanceolate, much attenuated; peduncles many-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; corolla ven- tricose at the base : with a clavate tube ; segments of the limb almost one half shorter than the tube, broadest upwards and ciliated ; lobes of the leaflets of the corona hairy : lateral ones narrow-ligulate, almost one half shorter than the middle or primary ones. I/ . ^. S. Native of Nipaul, in hedges. Flowers brownish green ; with a yellow limb. Leaves 3-6 inches long, and 1 broad. Long-leaved Ceropegia. PI. tw. 11C. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 31.) downy, twining ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, much attenuated : peduncles many-flowered ; corolla hardly ventricose at the base : tube almost cylindrical ; segments of the limb broadest upwards, much shorter than the tube ; lobes of the leaflets of corona narrow, ligulate : lateral ones hairy, about one half shorter than the middle ones. %. ^\ S. Native of Silhet. Ceropegia, Wall. ascl. nos. 8. 13. 19. Nearly allied to C. longifolia. ASCLEPIADE.E. I. CEROPEGIA. Ill Narrow-leaved Ceropegia. PI. tw. * • Lateral lobes of the leaflet* of the corona ligulate, shorter than the gynostegium. 12 C. SPHEKA'JTTHA (Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. hot. p. 31.) twining, glabrous ; leaves distant, lanceolate, attenuated; peduncles many-flowered ; calyx minute, with filiform segments; corolla ventricose at the base ; tube clavate ; limb hemisphe- rical : segments broadest upwards, long-ciliated ; lobes of leaf- lets of corona ligulate : lateral ones shorter than the gynoste- gium, hairy. 11. '"'. S. Native among the Neelgherry moun- tains.— Wall. ascl. no. 6. Wight, cat, no. 1513. Bound-flowered Ceropegia. PI. tw. 13 C. LAXCEOLA'TA (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 31.) twining, glabrous ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, finely acuminated ; pedun- cles many-flowered ; calycine segments filiform, exceeding the ventricose base of the corolla ; tube clavate ; limb dilated : nents much shorter than the tube ; middle lobes of the 'ets of the corona a little longer than the gynostegium, but the lateral ones are shorter, acute, and ciliated ; follicles slender, glabrous. If. ^. G. Native of Nipaul. Ceropegia, Wall. cycl. no. 12. Lanceolate-]ea\ed Ceropegia. PI. tw. 14 C. PUSILLA (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) herbaceous, gla- brous, erect ; root tuberous ; leaves linear ; flowers solitary, ascending ; corolla ventricose at the base : tube cylindrical : segments of the limb much shorter than the tube ; middle lobes of the leaflets of the corona a little longer than the gynostegium, but the lateral ones are a little shorter. If. G. Native of the .Cherry mountains. Ceropegia, Wall. ascl. no. 7. •? Ceropegia. PI. -1 foot. * Lateral lobet of the leaflets of the corona acuminated, -orimating (lie jyrimary ones : leaflets as well at then lateral lobes interjected by broad sinuses at their apices. 15 C. BULEOSA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 11. t. 7.) twining, glabrous, rather fleshy ; root tuberous ; leaves from almost orbicular to lanceolate, acuminated ; peduncles many-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; calycine segments much shorter than the ventricose base of the corolla ; tube of corolla sub-clavate ; segments of the limb broadest upwards, much shorter than the tube, ciliated ; middle lobes of the leaflets of the corona subulate, incurved at top : lateral ones minute, acuminated, lying on the primary ones. TJ. . ^. S. Native of Coromandel, at Samulcottah, Ne- gapatam, Allahabad, &c. Wight, in Hook. bot. misc. 2. p. 99. suppl. t. 2. The plant is called Manchy Mandu by the Telin- gas. Root flattish, solid, edible. Flowers large, erect, with a greenish tube and a purple limb ; having the segments united at the apex. Z?u/6ou*-rooted Ceropegia. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1821. PI. tw. 16 C. ACUMIXA'TA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 12. t. 8.) herbaceous, twining, glabrous, rather fleshy ; root tuberous ; leaves linear- lanceolate, attenuated at the apex ; peduncles many-flowered ; corolla ventricose at the base : tube subclavate : segments of the limb much shorter than the tube ; primary or middle lobes of the leaflets of the corona subulate : lateral ones minute. %. . *"\ S. Native of Coromandel, at Samulcottah, where it is called Commoa-manda by the Telingas. Root solid, flat. Leaves 2-4 inches long, and 4-6 lines broad. Flowers exactly as in C. bulbosa. Acuminated-lenved Ceropegia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 18»0 PI. tw. 17 C. STEPHAXOTIS (Roan, et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 4.) twining, glabrous, frutescent ; leaves ovate, coriaceous, marginated, acu- minated ; peduncles axillary, generally 3-flowered ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute ; corolla glabrous, with ovate, acute lobes ; corona unknown. Tr . ^. S. Native of Madagascar. Isaura allicia, Cornm. in Poir. encycl. 3. p. 185. Stephanotis, Pet. Th. nov. gen. mad. no. 35. in Roem. coll. p. 203. Leaves 3 inches long and 1^ broad, yellowish green. Corolla pale yellow. Croien-eared Ceropegia. Shrub tw. * * • * Lateral lobes of the leaflets of the corona very short, obtuse, or altogether cohering n-ilh the middle ones. 18 C. ABNOTTIA'X A (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 32.) twining, glabrous ; stems slender ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, mucronu- late ; peduncles short, many-flowered ; calycine segments nar- row-subulate, longer than die ventricose base of the corolla ; tube short, widened a little upwards ; segments of the limb filiform, connivent, longer than the tube ; middle lobes of the leaflets of the corona ligulate : lateral ones short, obtuse, ap- proximate, adnate to the back of the primary ones, even to the apex, with a small distinct recess or sinus, ciliated a little. V; ^. S. Native of bilk about Prome. Ceropegia, Wall, ascl. no. 3. ArnotCs Ceropegia. PI. tw. 19 C. WALLICHII (Wight, in bot. mag. 3267.) erect ; root tuberous ; leaves ovate, sessile, approximate towards the top of the stem, ciliated ; peduncles lateral, short, 1 -flowered ; caly- cine segments subulate ; corolla ventricose at the base : tube widened upwards : segments of the limb broadest at top. con- nivent, densely ciliated ; primary lobes of the leaflets of the corona filiform : sublateral ones short, obtuse, ciliated ; follicles very long, glabrous. %.. ^. S. Native of the Himalaya, Royle; near Lahooghat, in Kamaon, Lindsay. Ceropegia erecta ?, Wall. ascl. no. 1 . Wallich's Ceropegia. Clt. ? PI. erect. 20 C. PDBK'SCENS (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 81. t. 187.) her- baceous, twining ; stems glabrous ; leaves ovate, finely acumin- ated, downy on both surfaces; peduncles many-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; corolla cylindrical, hardly ventricose at the base : segments of the limb broadest at the base, somewhat cor- date, tapering upwards, and connivent ; primary lobes of the leaflets of the corona subulate, recurved at top : lateral ones marginating the primary ones, or altogether adnate. 11 . *"*. S. Native of Nipaul, on mount Chandaghiry. Corolla glabrous outside, villous inside at the base, with a purple tube, and yel- lowish pentagonal limb. Leaves 3 inches long, ciliated. Doteny Ceropegia. PI. tw. 21 C. TUBEBOSA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 12. t, 6.) herbaceous, gla- brous, twining ; leaves from nearly orbicular to oval or ovate, cuspidate, as also lanceolate, finely acuminated ; peduncles usually twin, few or many-flowered, longer or shorter than the leaves; calyx small : with subulate segments; corolla ventri- cose at the base : having the tube widened upwards ; segments of the limb narrow, nearly linear, villous, one half shorter than the tube, with approximate edges ; gynostegium stipitate : middle lobes of the leaflets of the corona ligulate : lateral ones marginating the primary ones, or altogether adnate ; follicles slender. % . ^\ S. Native on the Coromandel coast, frequent ; and in sandy places near Negapatam, in Tanjore. Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot, p. 33. Wight, cat. no. 1516. C. mucronata, Roth, nov. spec. p. 179. C. biflora, Lin. spec. 309. ? C. candelabrum, Rottl. herb. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 27. but not of Lin. ? Flowers said to be the colour of those of C. bulbosa. This is a very variable species as regards the foliage, but is constant in the shape of its flowers, the slender segments of the limb with their margins approximating their whole length, and forming a straight beak to the corolla, and in the stalked gynostegium or column of fructification. 112 ASCLEPIADE^E. I. CEROPEOIA. II. HUERNIA Tuberous-rooted Ceropegia. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1821. PI. tw. 22 C. LOUREIIUI ; herbaceous, glabrous, procumbent ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, with revolute edges ; umbels pendulous ; corolla with a large, globose base, and a small, 5-cleft limb. 1f-.f^. G. Native of Cochinchina, among bushes. Ceropegia candelabrum, Lour. coch. 114. Flowers white. Stigma sessile, bifid. Follicles slender. Lourciro's Ceropegia. PI. twining. 23 C. OBTU'SA (Lour. coch. 1 14.) twining, glabrous ; leaves oblong, obtuse; peduncles shorter than the leaves. 1{. r*. S. Native of Cochinchina, in the suburbs of Huaca. Flowers paler than those of C. tuberbsum, from which it differs more in the shape of the leaves than in the flowers ; the follicles are also slenderer. Blunt-leaved Ceropegia. PI. tw. + Species hardly knotvn. 24 C. CANDELABRUM (Lin. spec. p. 309.). It.^.S. Na- tive of Malabar. — Rheed. mal. 9. t. 16. Leaves ovate, mucro- nate. Flowers erect, reddish or brownish purple ; with villous segments. This species has been taken up by Linnaeus from Rheede's figure. It seems to be nearly allied to C. tuberbsa, but has a very different habit. The C. candelabrum of most modern authors is undoubtedly C. tuberbsa. Chandelier Ceropegia. PI. tw. 25 C. DICHOTOMA (Haw. syn. p. 13.) fleshy; stem erect, dichotomous, articulated, terete ; leaves linear, acute, horizontal ; having the veins and midrib white above. I? . S. Native of the East Indies ? Flowers ? Leaves \\ inch long. Z)/'cAotoW!OiM-stemmed Ceropegia. Shrub 1 foot. 26 C. ? CAMPANULAXTA ; root round, depressed : leaves linear ; corolla tubularly campanulate, 4-cleft ; calyx small, 4-5- toothed. If. . S. Native of the Gold Coast, at Accra, among grass. Corolla dark purplish brown. Perhaps a new genus. There is also another species growing along with this, which differs from the first in the root being fusiform. The roots of both are eatable. Stem 1-2-flowered in both. Flowers ter- minal. Cam/janw/a/e-flowered Ceropegia. PI. -j foot. 27 C. ? APHY'LLA (Haw. syn. p. 13. no. 2.) plant fleshy; branches dichotomous, articulated, weak, terete; leaves stipuia- formed, adpressed. fj • *"*• S. Native country unknown. Leafless Ceropegia. Shrub tw. 28 C. ? NITIDA (Poir. diet, suppl. 2. p. 178.) leaves lanceo- late, bluntish, sliining above; umbels on short peduncles, fy . S. Native of St. Domingo. Stem woody. Branches slender, elon- gated. Leaves subovate, sometimes elliptic, attenuated at the base, and sometimes acute at the apex, 1-2 inches long, and | broad. Shining-leaved Ceropegia. Shrub tw. 29 C.? SINUA'TA (Poir. diet, suppl. 2. p. 179.) leaves narrow- lanceolate, sinuated, acute at both ends ; umbels 4-6-flowered, much shorter than the leaves. 2f. ^\ G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burm. afr. p. 36. t. 15. Root a fascicle of fusiform simple tubers. Corolla tubular, pale red. There is only one follicle comes to perfection from each flower ; it is pendulous and long-acuminated. Seeds numerous, oblong, brown. Said to differ from Microlbma sagitlata in the leaves being longer and not sagittate at the base. Sinuated-le&ved Ceropegia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. tw. 30 C. CORDA'TA (Lour. coch. 114.) leaves cordate ; umbels on long pendulous peduncles ; segments of corolla ovate, con- nivent. y. . ^. S. Native of Cochinchina, in hedges. Flowers greenish yellow, in large, hemispherical, axillary umbels. Calycine segments small, ovate, acute. Perhaps the same as Cyndnchum cordifblium, Retz. fasc. 2. p. 15. no. 37. Cori/ate-leaved Ceropegia. PI. tw. 31 C. STAPELLEFORMIS (Haw. in phil. mag. feb. 1827. p. 121.) branches, prostrate, fleshy, thong-formed, lurid, terete, nearly leafless, simple, clouded with brown. (? . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This species has the habit of O'rbea. Branches rough from tubercles. Leaves very minute, ternate, almost invisible, and as if they were adnate to the stem, cordate, cuspidate. Flowers sessile, rising from the axils of the leaves. StapeHa-formed Ceropegia. Fl. July. Clt. 1824. PI. proc. Cult. A mixture of peat, sand, and vegetable mould is the best soil for these plants ; cuttings of them root readily in sand, if placed in heat, without any hand-glass over them. They should have little or no water, when in a dormant state, parti- cularly the bulbous-rooted kinds. II. HUE'RNIA (named after Justus Huernius, one of the earliest collectors of Cape Plants, and from whose drawing the first account of Stapelia was taken.) R. Br. in. mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 22. — Stapelia species, Lin. Juss. Mass. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla campanulale ; limb 10-cleft, the accessory segments small and tooth-formed. Column of fructification inclosed. Stamineous corona double ; outer one 5-cleft, with bifid segments ; inner one of 5 leaves, which are subulate from the gibbous base, alternating with the segments of the outer corona. Anthers simple at top. Pollen masses erect, fixed by the base, having one of the margins cartilaginous and pellucid. Stigma mutic. Follicles sub-cylin- drical, smooth. Seeds comose. — Succulent plants with the habit of Stapelia, natives of South Africa. 1 H. RETICULA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) branches pentagonal, denti- culated ; teeth spreading; corolla 10-angled ; tube bearded inside, widened into an elevated orb. \j . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the fissures of rocks, toward Olifant's river. Stapelia reticulsita, Mass. stap. p. 9. t. 2. Sims, bot. mag. 1662. Jacq. stap. t. 20. H. reticulata difFormis, Jacq. stap. 19. Corolla with a purplish bottom ; yellow limb dotted with purple. Flowers twin or tern. Branches deep green, with purple spots. JReticutated-fioviered Huernia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1793. Shrub ^ foot. 2 H. CAMPANULA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) branches 4 -5-angled ; co- rolla sub-campanulate, having the bottom closed by clavate, horizontal pili ; ligulae repandly truncate, dark. ^ . S. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia campanulata, Mass, stap. p. 11. t. 6. Jacq. stap. t. 32. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1227. Branches glaucous, clouded with purplish marks. Limb of corolla sulphur-coloured, with numerous rose-coloured dots outside, and with numerous dark brown elevated dots inside, and striated with dark veins towards the base. Hairs in the throat blackish. Bottom of corolla black. This differs from the last species, in the bottom of the corolla being campanulate, and in the peduncles being 2-3-flowered. Campanulate-fiovtered Huernia. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1 795. Shrub £ foot. 3 H. VENU'STA (R. Br. 1. c.) branches 4-5 angled ; branchlets spreading, divaricate ; teeth of branches spreading, acute ; co- rolla with a glabrous tube, widened into an elevated orb. V; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia venusta, Mass, stap. p. 10. t. 3. Jacq. stap. t. 23. Corolla large, with a sulphur-coloured limb, dotted with red ; having the bottom and elevated orbicle also dotted with red. Flowers solitary or twin. Peduncles deflexed. Graceful Huernia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1795. Shrub | foot. ASCLEPIADE^:. II. HUERNIA. III. PIARANTHUS. 113 4 H. LEKTIGINOSA (R. Br. 1. c.) branches pentagonal, spread- ing, furnished with hooked teeth or tubercles ; bottom of corolla girded by a concave, elevated orbicle ; alternate segments of the corolla obsolete. Fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia lentiginosa, Curt. bot. mag. t. 505. Ait. hort. kew. ed. ','d. vol. 2. p. 97. Stems branched at top. This species agrees with H. guttata, in the colour and form of the flowers ; but in H. guttata the peduncles are longer, rising from the base of a simple stem, and having the tubercles or teeth of the branches not hooked ; and the spots on the limb of the corolla are larger. Freckltd-fionereA Huernia. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub ^ foot. 5 H. GUTTA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) branches tetragonal and penta- gonal ; teeth or tubercles horizontal ; bottom of corolla girded by a concave, elevated orbicle ; stems simple at top, glaucous. ^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia guttata, M:;ss. stap. p. 10. t. 4. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 96. Allg. teutsch. gart. mag. 7. t. 41. Corolla sulphur-coloured, dotted with red, with a scabrous bottom, purplish outside. Pe- duncles length of flowers, by threes. Inner corona spotted with purple ; base wholly purple. ,S)jo»erf-flowered Huernia. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub | foot. 6 H. HV'MILIS (R. Br. 1. c.) branches 4-5-angled, spreading ; teeth of branches acute, horizontal ; corolla orbicular ; flowers solitary. Fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia humilis, Mass. stap. p. 10. t. 5. Corolla with a campanulate tube, and a prominent ring. Orbicle dark purple, undulated, spotted with white ; limb sulphur-coloured, dotted with purple. This differs from the rest of the species, in the shortness of the stems, smallness of the flowers, and solitary peduncles. Dwarf Huernia. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub \ foot. i H. TTBA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) branches simple, very thick, tetragonal : with large teeth ; flowers solitary ; corolla glabrous, dotted inside ; corona 10-lobed ; lobes roundish, ex Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 10. Orbicle short. Jj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia tubata, Jacq. stap. t. 23. Lodd. bot. cab. 225. Corolla glabrous, pale yellow inside, spotted with small red dots ; the throat also dotted. In Willd. enum. p. 287. the throat of the corolla is described as being pilose, and the limb flat. Var. /3; corolla 12-cleft. Fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stap. duodecimfida, Jacq. t. 33 and 34. rute-flowered Huernia. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1805. Shrub | foot. 8 H. CIUSPA (Haw. syn. p. 31.) branches 4-5-angled, simple, or usually confluent, curled : with small teeth, Fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia crispa, Hort. This is very distinct from both H. barbata and H. tubata, but is perhaps only a monstrous variety of one of them. The teeth of the branches are smaller than in any other species. Curled- branched Huernia. Cl. ? Shrub -| foot. 9 H. BAKBA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) branches 4-5-angled, with spreading, acute teeth ; peduncles 2-3-flowered ; corolla almost closed with clavate, rufous bristles ; ligulae oblong-rhomboid, retuse. Fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia barbata, Mass. stap. p. 11. t. 7. Jacq. stap. t. 46. Corolla cream-coloured, variegated, with elevated purple spots. Corona dark. Style white. Flowers in fascicles, at the base of the branches, ex Haw. syn. p. 31. Bearded- flowered' Huernia. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub 4 foot. 10 H. CLAVIGERA (Haw. syn. p. 26. suppl. pi. succ. p. 10.) branches tetragonal, with spreading, stiff teeth ; flowers solitary ; corolla campanulate, dotted inside ; ligulae 2-lobed. Tj . S. VOL. IV. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia clavigera, Jacq. stap. t. 4. diar. lips. p. 269. Stapelia campanulata, Sims. bot. mag. t. 1661, but not t. 1293, which is the true S. campanulata. Corolla pale green, livid outside, obscure yellow inside, and furnished with blood-coloured dots, and clavate hairs ; exterior corona brown. Club-bearing Huernia. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub | foot. 11 H. OCELLA'TA (Roam, et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 9.) branches 4-5 angled ; corolla sub-campanulate ; the rest as in the other species. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia ocellata, Jacq. diar. lips. 1814. p. 270. stap. t. 40. Corolla greenish yellow, with purple marks. OceJtoW-flowered Huernia. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. ? Sh. £ ft. Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 117. III. PIARA'NTHUS (iriap, piar, fatness ; and av0oc, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the fleshy flowers.) R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 23. Haw. syn. p. 34. — Stapelia species, Masson. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Corolla campanulate, 5-cleft, fleshy. Column of fructification inclosed. Stamineous corona simple, 5-leaved ; leaflets toothed on the back. Anthers simple at top, Pollen masses erect, fixed by the base, with one of the margins cartilaginous and pellucid. Stigma mutic. Fol- licles unknown. — Succulent plants, natives of south Africa, with the habit of Stapelia. Flowers rising from the sides of the branches, beyond the angles and teeth. 1 P. PCNCTA'TUS (R. Br. 1. c.) joints of branches oblong, somewhat tetragonal, toothed ; flowers in fascicles; segments of corolla lanceolate, acute, papillose above. I? • S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia punctata, Mass. stap. p. 18. t. 24. Obesia ? punctata, Haw. syn. p. 43. Branches decum- bent, creeping. Flowers usually 3 together, on dark purple peduncles. Calyx dark purple. Corolla with a deep red bottom, and very pale red segments, spotted with blood-coloured dots. Probably a true species of Obesia. Dotted-Qowered Piaranthus. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub proc. 2 P. PU'LLUS (R. Br. 1. c.) branches usually hexagonal, erect ; tubercles or teeth spreading ; flowers aggregate ; seg- ments of corolla lanceolate, silky above, replicate. >? • S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia pulla, Mass. stap. 21. t. 81. Sims, bot. mag. 1648. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1288, exclusive of the syn. Stapelia fasciculata, Thunb. Allg. teutsch. gart. Angles of branches a little sinuated, having strong teeth. Corolla dark purple. Flowers 3-4-together. .DarA-flowered Piaranthus. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1774. Shrub ^ foot. 3 P. ? FASCICULA'TUS (Roem. et Schultes, 6. p. 10.) branches usually hexagonal, with acute, spreading teeth ; flowers pedun- culate, fascicled. T; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, near Roggeveldsberg, on the Hanton hills. Branches decum- bent. Peduncles length of the joints of the branches. .Fascicferf-branched Piaranthus. Shrub decumbent. 4 P. PARVIFLORUS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 841.) branches tetra- gonal ; teeth thick, recurved ; corolla small, with narrow, flat, spreading segments, which are ciliated on the edges ; peduncles 2-3 together, longer than the dowers. Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Namaqua Land. Stapelia parviflora, Mass. stap. p. 22. t. 35. Corollas yellow, size of those of Cynanchum erectum. Small-Jlorvered Piaranthus. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1 795. Shrub £ foot. 5 P. GUSSONEA'NUS ; branches glaucous, tetragonal ; angles toothed ; flowers in fascicles beyond the angles, small ; corollas glabrous. >2 • S. Native of Sicily, on rocks. Stapelia 114 ASCLEPIADE.E. III. PIARANTHUS. IV. STAPELIA. Gussoneana, Jacq. ex bot. reg. t. 1731. Corollas yellow, striped with brown, and tipped with purple. Gussone's Piaranthus. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1832. Shrub £ foot. 6 P. A'RIDITS ; branches numerous, erect, tetragonal, florife- rous at top : with spreading, acute teeth ; pedicels solitary ; segments of corolla flat, ovate -lanceolate, setaceously ciliated at top; bottom of corolla circular. ^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the dry desert called Karro. Stapelia arida, Mass. stap. p. 21. t. 33. Corollas size of those of Cyndnchum vincetoxicum, pale yellow, with a yellow, circular bottom, white corona : having the segments dotted at the base, and pilose at the apex, ex Willd. Teeth of branches curved, similar to spines., Arid Piaranthus. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub \ foot. 7 P. INCARNA'TUS ; branches erect, tetragonal : with spreading, acute teeth ; flowers aggregate, almost sessile ; segments of corolla narrow, flat, acute, ex Mass., obtuse, ex Thunb. ^i , S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Saldanha Bay. Stapelia incarnata, Lin. suppl. p. 171. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p. 167. Mass. stap. p. 22. t. 44.— Burm. afr. p. 15. t. 7. f. 1. Pedicels rising, as in other species, from the angles beyond the teeth. The herb is eaten by the Hottentots, ex Lin. Flowers small, flesh-coloured, size of those of Stapelia pilifera. Corona covering the gynostegium, with a greenish margin, of 5 yellow, erect, bifid segments, and other 5 linear, inflexed ones, in the centre, ex Thunb. Var. ft, albus (Mass. stap. 1. c.) flowers white. Flesh-coloured-fiowereA Piaranthus. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1 793. Shrub 1 foot. 8 P. MAMMILA'RIS; branches hexagonal, bearing the flowers in the middle : furnished with spine-like, recurved tubercles ; pedicels shorter than the flowers ; corolla glabrous ; segments lanceolate, with revolute edges. ^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on rocks, about Olifant's river ; and towards the north, near Hex river, in the Karro. Stapelia mammilaris, Lin. mant. p. 216. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p. 166.— Burm. afr. p. 27. t. 1 1. Pedicels usually by fours. Mammilary Piaranthus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. Shrub. Cult. See Stapelia, p. 117, for culture and propagation. § 2. Column of fructification, or gynostegium, exserted, or semi- exserted, appendiculate outside. Pollen masses pellucid on one of the margins. IV. STAPE'LIA (named by Linnaeus, after Boderus a Stapel, a physician of Amsterdam, Commentator on Theophrastus, in 1644.) R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 23. — Stapelia species, Lin. and others. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digy'nia. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft, fleshy. Column of fructification exserted. Stamineous corona double ; exterior one of 5 undivided leaflets ; interior one of 5 subulate leaflets. Anthers simple at top. Pollen masses fixed by the base, having one of the edges cartilaginous and pellucid. Stigma mutic. Follicles somewhat cylindrical, smooth. Seeds comose.— Fleshy, leafless, angular, usually tubercular plants, na- tives of south Africa, in the desert plains called Karro. Flowers for the most part showy, but with a nauseous, fetid odour. § 1 . Branches or stems alately tetragonal, donny. 1 S. GRANDIFLORA (Mass, stap. p. 3. t. 11.) branches quadran- gular, clavate, downy ; tubercles or teeth remote ; corolla large, flattish : with ovate-lanceolate, acute segments, which are ci- liated on the edges. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Haw. syn. p. 16. no. 1. Plant grey, from down. Peduncles 3-flowered. Corolla large, dark purple in the bot- tom ; but the segments are lighter purple, ciliated with grey hairs, and striped with white. Great-flowered Stapelia. Fl. Sept. Dec. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1 foot. 2 S. SPECTA'BILIS (Haworth, syn. p. 16. no. 2.) branches tetragonal, downy ; tubercles or teeth remote ; segments of corolla ovate-lanceolate, furnished from the base behind the middle with dense red hairs, and having pale stripes on the upper surface, with black tips. Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia grandiflora, Curt. bot. mag. 585, exclu- sive of the synonyms. Shemy Stapelia. Fl. Nov. Jan. Clt. 1802. Shrub 1 foot. 3 S. AMBIGUA (Mass. stap. p. 13. t. 12. Haw. syn. p. 17.) branches erect, quadrangular, clavate ; teeth remote, incurved ; corolla flat : with oblong-lanceolate, acute, hispid segments, which are ciliated on the edges ; leaflets of the inner corona cultriform, serrated on the back, and toothed at top ; peduncles 3-4- flowered. fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. stap. 35. Corolla size of those of S. hirsuta, of a rufous, purple colour, variegated with transverse, dark, violaceous stripes, having the edges of the segments of an obscure violet colour. Ambiguous Stapelia. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 4 S. SORORIA (Mass. stap. p. 23. t. 39. Jacq. stap. t. 22. 36, 37.) branches divaricate, quadrangular ; teeth remote, acute, incurved ; segments of corolla lanceolate, villous in the centre, and ciliated on the edges. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 94. Corolla dark purple, with yellow, trans- verse rugae. According to Masson, this species differs from S, hirsuta, in habit ; in the divaricate, 5 -angled branches, which are said to be tetragonal at the top ; in the drooping flowers ; and in the self-coloured corolla. Stem purplish. Peduncles simple, solitary, purple. Sister Stapelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1797. Shrub 1 foot. 5 S. PA'TULA (Willd. enum. p. 281.) corolla flat, with vil- lously ciliated margins, and hairy disk, the rest wrinkled and glabrous ; appendages of inner crown, oblong, lanceolate, one- toothed inside. Jj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Perhaps a variety of S. sororia. Spreading-fiowered Stapelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1797. Shrub 1 foot. 6 S. RKFLE'XA (Haw. syn. p. 18.) leaflets of inner corona sub-deltoid, having the interior process incurvedly claw-formed ; seat of style impressed with a cross. f} . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. S. deflexa, Hort. Jacq. stap. t. 5. bot. mag. 1810. Very like the preceding, but one half smaller. Corolla of a greenish-wine colour, with revolutely reflexed seg- ments ; having transverse, waved, contiguous, whitish stripes at the middle ; and furnished with long purple hairs inside, towards the base. Ligulae dusky, rufous, recurved, cuneated at apex. Reflexed Stapelia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.? Shrub i foot. 7 S. LU'CIDA (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1816. p. 149.) branches erect, floriferous in the middle ; teeth erect ; segments of corolla with pilose edges, ovate-acuminated, revolutely in- flexed, having the disks shining, and rather pilose ; leaflets of outer corona oblong. ^ • S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This species is nearly allied to S. sororia, ambigua, and deflexa : from the first it differs, in 'the branches not being divaricate, but erect; in the peduncles being shorter than the corolla ; in the wrinkles of the corolla not being yellowish ; and in the bottom not being villous : and from the second, to which it is more nearly allied, in the branches not bearing the flowers at their base, but in the middle ; in the segments of the corolla not being flat ; in the flowers being smaller, and of a deeper colour : and from the third, in the leaflets of outer corona, and in many other points. Shining-ftovtered Stapelia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1812. Shrub foot. ASCLEPIADE.E. IV. STAPELIA. 115 8 S. JUVE'NCCLA (Jacq. stap. Poir. suppl. 5. p. 231.) bottom of corolla campanulate ; segments of corolla wrinkled trans- versely ; segments of exterior corona lanceolate, acuminated ; those of the inner corona diverging ; appendages short, obtuse ; branches floriferous in the middle. f; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This is very nearly allied to S. tetula ; but differs, in the branches being more numerous, and not being floriferous at the base : in the segments of the corolla being more acute. Peduncles aggregate. Corollas brownish purple, 3-nerved. Girl Stapelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub 1 foot. .-Equilateralfs. Angles of items 4, fiat, equal, downy. 9 S. MASSOKI (Hort. Haw. syn. p. 18.) branches large, of 4 equal angles. H . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This plant has never been rightly examined. Masson's Stapelia. Fl. ? Clt. ? Shrub 1 foot. 10 S. ASTE'RIAS (Mass. stap. 14. t. 14.) teeth of branches short, erect ; corolla large : with ovate-lanceolate, long-acumi- nated segments, which are revolute, and ciliated on the edges ; stamens unequally bifid. J- . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Curt. bot. mag. 536. Jacq. stap. t. 58. Branches floriferous at the base, erect ; outer branch of the leaflets of the inner corona bi-tridentate. Corolla of an obscure violet colour ; the segments variegated with transverse, yellowish stripes ; the bottom dark purple. Star-fah Stapelia. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1795. Sh. A foot. 11 S. STELLA' RIS (Jacq. stap. t. 62. Haw. syn. p. 19.) corolla wrinkled at the base; segments shining above, glabrous, of a port wine colour, but with pale, transverse, anastomosing veins, ciliated with rufous hairs ; leaflets of the outer corona linear, obtuse, a little recurved, and rather erose at top ; inner corona as in S. asterias, but the lower branch is paler, fj . S. ve of the Cape of Good Hope. Starry Stapelia. Fl. ? Clt. ?. Shrub \ to | foot. 12 S. HIRSU'TA (Lin. spec. p. 816. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p. 168.) corolla having the segments villously ciliated with white hairs, and the bottom villous from rufous hairs ; the rest wrinkled transversely, and glabrous ; segments of outer corona acute, lanceolate ; leaflets of inner corona spreading ; ap- pendages adnate, ovate-oblong, about equal in length to the horns. ^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Mill, icon. t. 250. Jacq. misc. 1. p. 28. t. 3. stap. t. 13 and 38. Lam. ill. t. 178. f. 2.— Bradl. succ. pi. 3. p. 5. t. 23. — Roes, insect, t. 9. Branches floriferous at the base, hairy ; with subulate, erect teeth. Corolla yellowish, with deep violet, trans- verse stripes, a pale red bottom, and red nectaries, size of a French rose. Var. p. atra (Jacq. diarr. lips. 1814. p. 296.) flowers deep purple. Ker. bot. reg. t. 156. Hairy Stapelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. Shrub | foot. 13 S. HAMA'TA (Jacq. stap. t. 12. diarr. lips. 1814. p. 269.) corollas flat, ciliated, wrinkled above, with a hairy centre ; seg- ments of exterior corona emarginate ; inner leaflets of inner corona lanceolate-subulate, hooked : outer ones parallel, with the beaks erect, a little toothed at the apex. \j . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 242. Branches tufted, with mucronate straight teeth, floriferous at the base. Corolla 3 inches broad, blood-coloured ; segments acuminated, with transverse white stripes, ciliated with red hairs. Seg- ments of corona subulate, bi6d, or hooked, rufescent. Hooked-crooned Stapelia, Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub i foot. 14 S. COMA'TA (Jacq. stap. t- 4. diarr. lips. 1814. p. 269.) corollas ciliated, with a flat, hairy disk ; the rest glabrous, and wrinkled transversely ; leaflets of inner corona acute, recurved ; segments of corolla lanceolate, rather concave, at first deflexed, then spread- ing ; appendages oblong, truncate, crenated. f; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Branches sulcate ; with erect teeth ; floriferous at the base. Peduncles usually solitary. Corolla pale yellow ; having the segments ciliated with red Lairs, and striped with yellow or blood-colour. Shaggy Stapelia. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1819. Shrub £ to 1 foot. 15 S. MCLTIFLORA (D. C. cat. hort. raonsp. 1813. p. 149.) corolla rotate, with a hairy bottom ; segments flat, reflexed, ciliated ; horns subulate ; wings joined to the middle, nearly entire ; branches floriferous in the middle, with erect teeth ; pedicels aggregate. ^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Nearly allied to S. comaia, of which it is probably only a variety ; from which it is distinguished, in the pedicels being aggregate, not solitary ; in the flowers being wholly of a violaceous red colour, not yellowish in the middle of the segments. Wings few-toothed, not tridentate ; and the ligulae are sometimes tridentate, not acute*; marginal hairs purple or white ; central ones silky and purple. Many-flowered Stapelia. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1817. Shrub | to 1 foot. 16 S. RU'FA (Mass. stap. p. 16. t. 20.) segments of corolla triangular, acute (ex Mass.), lanceolate, acuminated, ex Haw., ci- liated, and transversely wrinkled ; ligulae linear-lanceolate, waved ; stamens dilated unequally, and emarginately bifid ; branches floriferous at the base : with erect teeth ; pedicels twin or tern. Jj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, beyond Platte Kloof. Lodd. bot. cab. 239. Corollas size of those of Periploca Graeca, or a little larger, of an obscure violet colour, variegated with deep purple, ex Willd., pale red, ex Haw., transverse stripes ; having the bottom stellate, rufous, «nd variegated. Corona or nectarium variegated, ex Willd. Ligulae deep brown, ex Haw. Hairs on the edges of the corolline segments, and those in the bottom of the corolla port- wine-coloured, ex Haw. Rufous Stapelia. Fl. Ju. Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub | to | foot. 1 7 S. PULVTNA'TA (Mass. stap. p. 1 3. 1. 1 3.) segments of corolla roundish, wrinkled transversely, abruptly acuminated, ciliated ; bottom of corolla elevated, villous ; branches floriferous at the base ; pedicels solitary. f; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, near Cannes. Sims, bot. mag. 1240. Allg. teutsch. gart. mag. 1815. p. 110. t. 11. Branches reclinate or procum- bent, floriferous ones ascending. Corolla large, with deep vio- laceous segments, variegated with whitish, transverse wrinkles, fuscous and concave at the apex, and with a rufous bottom. Of all the species this is the most elegant. CiwAion-flowered Stapelia. Fl. Ju. Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub proc. 1 8 S. LASIGERA (Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 8.) stems quadran- gular ; angles equal, nearly flat, downy ; corolla very woolly, dark brown, striped with yellow. lj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia pulvinata, Donn. hort. cant, but not others. Nearly allied to S. pulvinata and S. Jursuta. Wool-bearing Stapelia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub £ foot. 19 S. FISSIROSTRIS (Jacq. stap. t. 7. diar. lips. 1814. p. 268.) segments of corolla lanceolate, cuspidate, or acuminated, with re- volute, ciliated edges, wrinkled transversely ; segments of inner corona subulate, bifid ; of the outer, ovate, bluntish ; branches ascending ; pedicels aggregate. I? . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla 2 inches ; segments green outside, and yellowish green inside, variegated with fuscous, scabrous, trans- verse stripes. Cleft-beaked Stapelia. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1823. Shrub 2± feet, a 2 116 ASCLEPIADEjE. IV. STAPELIA. § 3. Lignite, or segments of the outer corona, rhomb-oblong or cuneated. Leaflets of inner corona simple, subulate, undulated. Stems glabrous, with 4 equal sides, but much more slender than those of the former section. This is probably the best marked section of the genus ; nevertheless the species agree in habit, and teeth of branches, with the last. 20 S. CONCINNA (Mass, stap. p. 15. t. 18.) branches glabrous, floriferous at the base, with erect teeth ; segments of corolla ovate-lanceolate, acute, ciliated ; bottom of corolla villous, ex Haw. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Karro. Heyne, term. bot. t. 16. f. 8. Flowers about the size of those of Anemone nemorosa, flat, grey, with transverse, undulated, fuscous stripes, and white bristles ; and a brown bottom. Pe- dicels purplish, usually twin. Segments of outer corona emar- ginate. ' Neat Stapelia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1798. Shrub \ foot. 21 S. GLANDULIFERA (Jacq. stap. t. 46.) branches glabrous, floriferous in the middle ; corolla very villous ; segments ovate, acuminated ; villi sub-spatulate, white ; ligulae rhomb-oblong, quite entire, horny, obtuse. \ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pedicels twin or tern, hairy, filiform. Corolla small, yellowish, having the bottom and numerous concentric, transverse, broken stripes, rufous. Ligulae yellowish brown. Stamens bay- coloured. Gland-bearing Stapelia. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. ? Shrub | to i foot. 22 S. FLAVICOMA'TA (Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 8.; stems nume- rous, quadrangular, slender ; angles equal, downy, teeth leaf- formed, turnid, and contiguous. ^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Very nearly allied to S. glandulifera ; but the branches are thicker, more numerous, shorter, with the teeth larger, more leaf-formed, and more close together. Yellow-haired Stapelia. Fl. July. Clt. 1810. Shrub \ foot. 23 S. HispiDULA (Hornem. hort. hafn. p. 251.) segments of corolla acuminated, wrinkled transversely, hispid from clavate hairs, replicate and naked at apex ; segments of outer corona or ligulse entire, acute : of the inner subulate, connivent ; pedicels aggregate, almost radical, much longer than the corollas. ^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This species differs from H. concinna, Mass, in the pedicels being very long, and almost radical, in the segments of the corolla not being ciliated, and in the segments of the exterior corona being undivided. Hispid Stapelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub £ foot. 24 S. GLANDULIFIORA (Mass. stap. p. 16. t. 19.) branches glabrous, with erect, acute teeth, floriferous at the base ; pedun- cles twin or tern ; corolla clothed with white, clavate, seta- ceous glands : segments ovate-lanceolate, acute, spreading. Pj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, among bushes, about North Olifant's river. Smith, exot. bot. t. 19. Jacq. stap. t. 40. Branches spreading. Corolla size of those S. con- cinna, sulphur-coloured. Corona orange and black, ex Willd. Pedicels purplish. Corolla about the size of those of Anemone nemorosa, shorter than the calyx, spotted with deep red dots ; and the bottom deep brown, ex Mass. Gland-flowered Stapelia. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. ? Shrub ^ foot. 25 S. ACUMINA'TA (Mass. stap. p. 15. t. 17.) branches gla- brous,, floriferous in the middle ; pedicels glabrous, twin or tern, shorter than the corolla ; segments of corolla ovate, cuspidately acuminated, ciliated on the edges ; the rest of the corolla gla- brous. Jj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Namaqua Land. Corollas a little larger than those of H. rufa ; segments green, variegated with dark purple stripes, transversely undu- lated, tipped with dark purple. Segments of calyx oval, acute. Acuminated-fiowei-ed Stapelia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1795. Shrub -| foot. § 4. Anmnalce. Anomalous species, without the characters of the preceding sections, and which mill probably constitute new genera, but the characters are not sufficiently known as to establish these genera. " Obtuse - dentatee. Angles of branches obtuse, having the teeth almost obliterated, or very blunt. 26 S. APE'RTA (Mass. stap. p. 23. t. 37.) branches numerous, tetragonal, sub-tridentate at the apex, glaucescent ; corolla flat, segments ovate, obtuse, 5-nerved, wrinkled, with glalirous edges, tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Namaqua Land, near Kok Fountain. Pedicels twice longer than the branches, usually solitary. Corolla obscure, purple, with dashes of a more obscure colour ; bottom circular, greyish, dotted with black. Perhaps a species of Caruncularia. Open-flowered Stapelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1 foot. 27 S. RAMOSA (Mass. stap. p. 21. t. 32.) branches numerous, erect, tetragonal, glaucescent ; flowers aggregate, almost sessile ; segments of corolla lanceolate, acute, with revolute edges. ^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Karro, beyond Platte Kloof. Pedicels very short, rising from the upper part of the branches, without the teeth. Angles of branches sinuated. Corollas size of those of H. pruinosa, dark purple, with a cir- cular white bottom. Perhaps a species of Piardnthus. Branched Stapelia. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1 foot. * * Branches terete, tubercular ; having a hair or spine rising from each tubercle. 28 S. PILIFERA (Lin. suppl. 171. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p. 165.) branches numerous, terete, furrowed ; tubercles furnished each with a bristle ; flowers sessile, solitary ; corolla campanulate, with ovate, acuminated segments ; segments of corona bifid. ^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on very arid hills, under bushes, in Karro, beneath Roggeweld, Masson ; beyond Hartequas Kloof, Thunb. Flowers small, purple, at the tops of the branches, Lin. Corolla size of that of S. drida, dark purple, with a red circle in the middle, ex Mass. Corolla smooth outside, but muricated by elevated callosities inside, ex Thunb. Perhaps this will form a new genus. Piliferous Stapelia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub. 29 S. GoRDbta (Mass. stap. p. 24. t. 40.) branches terete ; tubercles terminating each in a spine ; pedicels solitary, at the tops of the branches ; corolla large, 5-toothed ; teeth or seg- ments broad, roundish, short-acuminated ; exterior corona 5- toothed. fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Groot- Namaqua Land, towards the orange river. Corollas among the largest of the genus, almost 3 inches in diameter, repandly 5- toothed, of a brownish yellow colour, with a whitish centre ; segments of the corona short, black in the middle, and white on the margins. Follicles solitary, erect, long, acute. This differs from all other species, in the singular form of the corolla, and in the solitary follicles ; it therefore will hereafter constitute a new genus, which we would propose calling Monothylaceum, from its solitary follicles. Gordon'.-! Stapelia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. Shrub \ foot. t The following species being hardly known, they have not been arranged in any of the sections above. 30 S. CORDA'TA (Hort. ex Haw. syn. p. 26. no. 27.) 1? . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. There is nothing known of this plant but the name. ASCLEPIADE.E. IV. STAPELIA. V. GOXOSTEMON. VI. PODANTHES. 117 Cordate Stapelia. Fl.Ju. Aug. Clt. 1805. Shrub \ to \ foot. 31 S. CANE'SCENS (Hort. ex Haw. syn. p. 26. no. 29.) ^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Nothing is known further of the species. Canescent Stapelia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub. 32 S. opHiu'NcrLA(Hort. ex Haw. syn. p. 27. no. 31.) I?. S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Nothing but the name is known of this species. Small-serpent Stapelia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1805. Shrub proc. 33 S. CAUDA'TA (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p. 171.) stem hairy, leafy ; leaves oblong-linear, falcate ; flowers axillary, pedicellate, solitary, drooping : segments of the limb linear. >• . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves sessile. Pedicels much shorter than the corolla. Corolla flat, purple, scaly inside. Perhaps a species of Ceropegia or Brachystflma. failed Stapelia. Shrub | foot. 34 S. QVADRA'XGCLA (Forsk. descr. p. 52. t. 6.) stem tetra- gonal ; branches divaricate, floriferous at the apex : furnished with truncate teeth ; flowers small, crowded, sessile ; corolla 5-cleft. >j . S. Native of Arabia Felix. Flowers greenish yellow. Calvx 5-toothed, permanent. Juice not milky, but aqueous. Forsk. cat. p. 108. no. 194. has also S. quadrdngula ramosa, no. 194, besides S. quadrdngula, no. 190. Sides of stem half an inch wide. Quadrangular-stemmeA Stapelia. Shrub 1| foot. 35 S. MULTA'NGULA (Forsk. cat. no. 192.) stem branched, creeping, with 6-9 angles, and as many furrows ; angles toothed; follicles subulate. ^ . S. Native of Arabia Felix. Sak el Ghorob. Forsk. descr. p. 52. Anonymos, Poir. ency. 7. p. 391. The Arabians affirm, that this plant, after being apparently quite dead, by drying for a long time, if it is allowed to come in con- tact with moist earth, it will again revive. Forsk. desc. p. 52. 3fany-angled Stapelia. Shrub. 36 S. CLAVA TA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1295.) stem simple, thick, clavate, reticulately and obsoletely warted, bearing the fruit at the apex. ^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in sandy fields, beyond Kopperberg. Stapelia, Patters, trav. p. 57. t. 8. only the fruit. CYarafe-stemmed Stapelia. Shrub. N.B. — There is a species of Stapelia, which was collected at the Cape of Good Hope, on the banks of the Kaigaviel, near Roode Gebroken Klip, by Lichtenstein, which Willd. has called, in his enum. suppl. p. 14, brectrostris, but without giving any character of the plant. In the Neweste best, des Gart zu Belvidere, the following names occur, but without any diag- nosis of either — 1. S. Buffbniana, 2. S. btfolia, 3. S. cymbsa, 4. S. tridentata, 5. S. virgata, and 6. S. verticillata ; but these names are very likely synonymous with some of those described above. There are several undescribed species preserved in spirits of wine in the Banksian museum. What is S. dentata, Forsk. cat. 192? and what is S. papillbsa of Tabl. de 1'ecole, ann. 1S15. p. 92 ? Cult. Singular succulent, grotesque plants ; bearing remarkable and singularly beautiful, star-like flowers, usually with a very dis- agreeable smell. The soil best suited for them is a mixture of loam, sand, and lime or brick rubbish ; for, if grown in a richer soil, they become more luxuriant, and bear larger flowers ; but in such a soil they are more apt to rot, if thev chance to get a little too much water supplied them. They require very little water, except when in blossom ; and in the winter, the less given to them the better. They are readily increased by cut- tings, which should be allowed to dry for at least a week or fortnight after they are taken off from the mother plant, before they are set ; after which they may be planted in separate pots, when they will almost immediately strike root ; for if planted when first taken off, and full of juice, they have every chance to rot. V. GONOSTE'MON (from yuvta, gonia, an angle ; and oTTj/iii))', stemon, a stamen.) Haw. syn. p. 27. Stapelia species of authors. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft. Li- gulae or segments of the exterior corona distinct, rufous, oblong, cuneated and recurved at the apex, channel-formed : those of the inner corona rectangularly incurved, unciform or pedifonn, short, rufous, length of the ligulae, and adnate to them ; bear- ing at the base large, didymous, yellow anthers. Between the corona and the angles of the style, there are 3 stigmas, 2 of which are anther-formed, the other black and dot-formed ; and from this dot there runs down an oblong, very minute, bifid, yellow ligulae. — Succulent shrubs, with the habit of Stapelia ; but the branches are more slender and divaricate. Flowers fascicled. Pedicels length of the corolline segments. 1 G. DIVARICA'TA (Haw. syn. p. 27.) branches numerous, te- tragonal, glabrous, gradually attenuated : with small, erect teeth ; corolla quite glabrous ; segments lanceolate, spreading, with revolute ciliated edges. ^ • S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia divaricata, Mass. stap. p. 1 7. t. 22. Sims, bot. mag. 1007. Branches floriferous in the middle, or at the base. Pedicels twin or tern. Segments of exterior corona roundish, obtuse, mucronate. Corolla shining, greenish brown outside, and flesh-coloured inside, tipped with green. Corona orange- coloured. .Dicaricflte-branched Gonostemon. Fl. Ju. Nov. Clt. 1793. Shrub 5 foot. 2 G. PA'LLIDA ; branches erect, short, tetragonal, glabrous : with short, deciduous teeth ; corolla glabrous ; segments acute, ciliated ; pedicels aggregate, rising above the base of the branches ; segments of outer corona spreading, in the figure sub-tridentate ; of the interior one erect and bluntish. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia pallida, Wendl. coll. 2. p. 39. t. 51. Corolla pale yellow, verging to flesh- coloured ; the segments tipped with greenish yellow. Corona yellow. Po/e-yellow Gonostemon. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1818. Shrub | foot. 3 G. STRICTA (Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 12.) corollas naked, flat ; branches erect. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia stricta, Sims, bot. mag. 2037. Branches slenderer than in the preceding. Straight Gonostemon. F). Ju. Nov. Clt. 1814. Shrub £ foot. Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia-, above. VI. PODA'NTHES (from a-ouc T°&»C, pa** podos, a foot; and av^oc, anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the flowers being on long pedicels.) Haw. syn. p. 32. — Stapelia species of authors. Lis. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Corolla 5-cleft, wrinkled; with a broad, campanulate bottom, girded by a tumid orbicle. Ligulae, or segments of the exterior corona, combined to the middle, channel-formed, rhomboid, deeply emarginated, or cu- neately 2-lobed ; those of the inner corona simple, short, form of a reversed foot, alternating with the ligulae, incurvedly and closely adpressed to the style ; the rest as in Stapilia. — Habit of Stapelia ; but the branches are much more slender, eflusely de- cumbent and weak, rooting at the base, obsoletely 4-5-angled ; with much larger, deltoid-acuminated, ascending, thick teeth, but terminated by a less manifest leaf. 1 P. PU'LCHRA (Haw. syn. p. 32.) weak and much branched ; flowers twin, semi-quinquefid, corrugated, with a minutely pilose bottom, tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia verrucosa, Hort. but not of Mass. Flowers on long, bent pedicels. Segments of corolla deltoid acuminated, green out- side, and sulphur-coloured inside, warted ; warts numerous, 118 ASCLEPIADE^E. Vl. PODANTHES. VII. TIUDENTEA. dark brown. Bottom of corolla dark brown, girded by a few glandular liairs. Far. ft, verrucosa : branches longer and thicker. 17 . S. Stapelia verrucosa, Sims, bot. mag. 1 786, but not of Mass. Stapelia pulchella, Hort. but not of Mass. Corolla pale yellow, with dark purple marks. Segments of the outer corona emar- ginate ; the inner one of ovate yellow corpuscles. Fair Podanthes. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub cr. 2 P. IRRORA'TA (Haw. syn. p. 33.) branches numerous, erectish, decumbent ; pedicels usually solitary : corolla more semi-quinquefid than the last, wrinkled and bedewed : with lan- ceolate, acuminated segments. Vi . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia irrorata, Mass. stap. p. 12. t. 9. Lodd. bot. cab. 127. Corolla sulphur-coloured, and spotted with blood colour ; having the bottom blood-coloured, and the segments tipped with purple. This species differs from P. verrucosa, in the flowers not being warted, and in the want of the pentagonal circle, and colour, ex Willd. spec. 1. p. 1452. Bedewed Podanthes. Fl. July. Sept. Clt. 1795. Shrub dec. 3 P. VERRUCOSA (Haw. syn. p. 33.) branches numerous, as- cending, tetragonal ; pedicels solitary or twin; corolla quinquefid, warted ; segments ovate, acuminated ; orbicle in the bottom of the corolla scabrous, pentagonal. (7 . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia verrucosa, Mass. stap. 2. no. 8. t. 8. but not of Sims, Jacq. stap. t. 26. Corolla yellowish, spotted with blood-colour ; but with the tops of the segments, and about the bottom brownish. Segments of the outer corona lunutely 2-lobed; leaflets of the inner uncinate, obtuse, and retuse. Warted-fiowered Podanthes. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1795. Shrub | foot. 4 P. RORIFLUA ; corolla 5-cleft, dotted, with an equal bottom ; segments of the outer corona emarginate ; leaflets of the inner corona incurved, 2-lobed. lj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia roriflua, Jacq. stap. t. 30. Willd. enum. p. 285. Orbicle none. Beaks gibbous, lying upon the stigma, ex Jacq. Corolla yellow, dotted with red. Dew-jlotving-Rowered Podanthes. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1802. Shrub proc. 5 P. PULCHE'LLA (Haw. syn. 33.) branches numerous, tetra- gonal, reclinate ; pedicels fasciculate ; corolla 5-cleft, wrinkled : with ovate, acute segments ; orbicle circular. Jj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia pulchella, Mass. stap. p. 22. t. 26. Corolla yellow, dotted with blood-colour. Tips of segments and bottom fuscescent. Neat Podanthes. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub dec. 6 P. CILIA'TA (Haw. syn. p. 34.) branches numerous, tetra- gonal, procumbent, radicant ; pedicels solitary ; corolla 5-cleft, papillose above, and ciliated on the margins : with ovate, acute, flat segments. J? . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Karro. Stapelia ciliata, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p. 168. Mass. stap. p. 9. t. 1. Corolla yellowish, ex Willd., purplish green, greyish inside, with rufescent papilla, ex Thunb. Cilia clavate, white, ex Thunb. Orbicle beset with papillae, which are tipped with purple. Ciliated Podanthus. Fl. Oct. Dec. Clt. 1795. Shrub cr. Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 117. VII. TRIDE'NTEA (from tridens, a trident ; in reference to the segments of the outer corona being tridentate.) Haw. syn. p. 34. — Stapelia species of authors. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. All as in Stapelia, except the ligulae or segments of the outer corona, which are tridentiform ; and those of the inner corona are unequally bipar- tite— The species have almost the habit of those of Podanthes ; but the branches are naked, and more erect ; and the teeth are smaller, and terminated by a very manifest green leaf. 1 T. CEMMIFLORA (Haw. syn. p. 34.) branches numerous, erect, tetragonal ; pedicels solitary or twin ; corolla corrugated ; segments ovate, acute, ciliated with white hairs, 5-nerved above. J;. S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in arid places, among bushes, beyond Platte Kloof. Stapelia gemmiflora, Mass. stap. p. 14. t. 15. Jacq. stap. t. 9. Corolla almost black, ciliated with dark hairs. Orbicle none, ex Haw. Ligulae deep purple, with paler tips. Outer branches of inner corona dark purple ; inner ones tipped with white. Var. ft; corolla marked with golden yellow dots, Mass. Var. 7 ; corolla wholly black, Haw. Gem-flowered Tridentia. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1795. Shrub i foot. 2 T. STY'GIA (Haw. syn. p. 34.) corollas wrinkled, black, ciliated with red hairs; branches thick, short, yellowish green. Jj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia Stygia, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 561. The branches of this spe- cies are very different from the preceding, being shorter, thicker, and paler. Stygian Tridentea. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1810. Shrub £ foot. 3 T. MOSCHA'TA (Haw. syn. p. 25. suppl. pi. succ. p. 10.) corolla ciliated, wrinkled from tubercles above, and dotted beneath ; leaflets of inner corona subulate, diverging ; appen- dages lanceolate. Jj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia hircosa, Jacq. stap. t. 43. Willd. enum. p. 281. Co- rolla brownish purple, spotted with yellow. Leaflets of outer corona tripartite ; the middle segments much the longest. Musky Tridentea. Shrub. 4 T. ? VE'TULA (Haw. syn. p. 34.) branches numerous, erect, tetragonal : pedicels twin or tern ; corolla glabrous, with lanceo- late, bluntly acuminated segments, which are 3-nerved above, and wrinkled. 1? . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the moun- tains, at Hex river. Stapelia v6tula, Mass. stap. p. 15. t. 16. Jacq. stap. t. 27. Allg. gart. mag. 1818. p. 17. t. 2. Corolla dark, violaceous, with a dark purple bottom. Segments of corolla ovate, acuminated, 3-nerved above, ex Willd. Ligulae oblong, acute : inner branches of inner corona subulate, diverging ; outer ones ovate, somewhat tridentate, ex Willd. Perhaps a true species of Stapelia. Stale Tridentea. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1793. Shrub i to i foot. 5 T. SIMSII ; branches tetragonal, erect : with thick teeth ; segments of corolla 5-nerved, ovate, acuminated ; ligulae retusely tricuspidate ; branches of inner corona subulate. H , S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia vetula, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1234, exclusive of the synonyms. Stapelia Simsii. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 33. Trid. vetula, Haw. syn. p. 36. Co- rolla dark. Ligulae yellow. Sims's Tridentea. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1 800. Shrub i to i foot. 6 T. DEPRE'SSA ; segments of corolla ciliated, wrinkled ; ligulae tridentate ; branches of inner corona a little toothed, subu- late, spreading. T; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia depressa, Jacq. diar. lips. 1814. p. 268. Depressed Tridentea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub 5 to 5 foot. 7 T. RUGOSA ; branches tetragonal, procumbent, but afterwards erect ; pedicels solitary ; corolla wrinkled, glabrous; inner branch of inner corona clavate, outer one terete, obtuse. ^ . S. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia rui>6sa, Jacq. stap. t. 21. Willd. enum. p. 284. Corolla 3 inches broad, pale green beneath, but marked above with dark purple and blood-coloured dots. Bottom of corolla orbicular, tumid, ex Willd. Orbicle spu- rious, depressed, surrounded by 5 crenatures, ex Jacq. 1. c. Wrinkled-flowered Tridentea. Shrub dec. 8 T. PANICULATA (Haw.) corollas flat, transversely papillose, 12 ASCLEPIADE.E. VIII. TROMOTBICHE. IX. ORBEA. 119 hairy ; segments of exterior corona, or ligulse, obtuse, obso- letely tridentate ; horns subulate, connivent : outer branches of inner corona ovate, obtuse, fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia paniculata, Jacq. stap. t. 61. Corolla of a livid green colour outside, glabrous, brownish purple, and beset with violaceous papillae inside ; hairs white. Panicled Tridentea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1805. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 117. VIII. TROMOTRICHE (rpo/ioc, Iromos, tremor; 0pi4 rpi\os, thrix, trickot, a hair ; in reference to die cilia of the corolla being tremulous.) Haw. syn. p. 36. — Stapelia species of authors. Lis. STST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla smooth, revolute, ciliated with tremulous spatulate hairs. Segments of exterior corona, or ligulae, connate at the base, horizontal, cuneate-rhom- boid and serrated ; those of the inner corona unequally bifid ; inner branch recurved, longer and slenderer than the other, gra- dually thickened to the apex, whence it appears like a stigma. — Habit almost of the first secron of Stapelia ; but the branches are naked, and very glaucous, or rather pruinose, erectly decum- bent ; the teeth distant, thick, horizontal, or a little recurved. 1 T. KEVOLU'TA (Haw. .syn. p. 36.) branches tetragonal, glaucous, erect ; corolla glabrous ; but the segments are ciliated with spatulate glands, acute, and revolute ; ligulse quadrate, ob- cuneated and retuse at top : outer branch of inner corona tooth- formed, acute. ^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Karro, under bushes. Stapelia revoluta, Mass. stap. p. 12. t. 10. Sims, bot. mag. 724. Branches floriferous at top. Pedi- cels solitary. Corolla pale, violaceous, ex Willd., greenish yellow outside, and purplish inside, ex Mass ; dirty dark red, with a pale circle at the base of the lobes, ex Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 1 1 . .Reco/ute-flowered Troir.otriche. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1790. Shrub 1 foot. 2 T. GLAC'CA (Haw. syn. p. 37.) branches tetragonal, very gl.tucous ; corolla glabrous ; segments ovate, acute, revolute, fringed with clavate glands ; ligulae bi-tridentate at apex. fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia glauca, Jacq. stap. t. 10. Willd. enum. p. 279. Very like T. revoluta, in the mode of growth, colour, form, and corolla ; but differs from it in the segments of the exterior corona being tridentate, ex Willd Branches sometimes hexagonal, ex Jacq. Pedicels aggregate at the tops of the branches. Corolla livid green outside, and striated : blood -coloured inside ; with a white bottom ; ex Jacq. Lobes of outer corona obtuse, and a little emarginate at the apex : therefore the plants of Jacquin and Haworth are probably distinct. Glaucous Tromotriche. Fl.Ju. Nov. Clt. 1799. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. 3 T. PRUIXOSA (Haw. syn. p. 37.) branches bluntly tetrago- nal, erect, with recurved teeth ; corolla with flat, ovate, pilose, or downy segments, the down appearing like powder; ligulae ser- rated at top. ? fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the dry regions of Namaqua Land, among bushes. Stapelia pruinosa, Mass. stap. p. 24. t. 41. Corolla blackish, beset with white adpressed hairs, ex Willd. Stems purplish. Flowers small, solitary, twin, or tern, towards the tops of the branches, pur- plish, ex Mass. Perhaps a species of Piardnthut. Prm'/Kwe-flowered Tromotriche. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1795. Shrub 1| foot. 4 T. OBIJQUA ; branches tetragonal, glaucous ? corolla gla- brous ; segments ovate-acuminated, bent, obliquely ciliated with clavate white or purple glands ; ligulae bidentate, acute. ^. S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia obliqua, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 13. Corolla dirty yellow, marked with confluent, violaceous spots. Exterior corona greenish yellow, dotted at top, and furnished with a mark at the base. OWijttf-flowered Tromotriche. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1805! Shrub 1| foot. 5 T. FCSCA'TA (Haw. suppL pi. succ. p. 10.) branches tetra- gonal, erectish, glaucous-green ; corolla glabrous ; leaflets of outer corona 2-3-toothed ; shorter branches of inner corona ob- tuse. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. T. glauca, (3, Haw. syn. p. 37. Stapelia fuscata, Jacq. stap. t. 55. Flowers brownish purple. Corolla pale at bottom, striated transversely with red ; ciliated at top, with clavate, wine-coloured glands. Ligulaj dark brown. Zfro»rnJ*A-flowered Tromotriche. Fl. Ju. Nov. Clt. 1814. Shrub 5 to 1 foot. Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 117. IX. O'RBEA (from orbit, an orb; the orb in the centre of the flower is very large and elevated.) Haw. syn. p. 38. — Stapelia species of authors. Lix. STST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla 5-cleft, starry, the whole of the inside corrugated, furnished with a large, elevated orb in the centre. Segments of outer corona, or ligulae, long, spreading, bi or tridendate at the apex ; those of the inner corona unequally bifid ; the inner branch recurved, longer than the outer one, style-formed, clavate, and stigma-formed at the apex. — Habit of the species of Poddnthet ; but the branches are more robust, and less effuse ; and, when old, become de- cumbent and creeping : the teeth are smaller, and horizontal, not ascending. 1 O. MACULOSA (Haw. syn. 37.) corolla smooth, ciliated ; ligulae tridentate ; orb convex, downy, ex Haw. >j . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia maculosa, Jacq. stap. t. 31. Willd. enum. p. 283. Sims, bot. mag. 1833. Stap. roixta, Donn. hort. cant. Segments of corolla ovate, acute, dirty yellow, red at the apex and edges, almost covered by confluent, rufous, large spots. Orb waved, elevated, but small for the size of the flower. Ligulae 2-3-toothed at top, brownish grey, paie at top, and marked by a large, distinct, brown spot, ex Haw. Spofterf-flowered Orbea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1804. Shrub 1 foot. 2 O. MIXTA (Haw. syn. p. 38.) corolla glabrous, with ovate, acuminated, wrinkled segments, an elevated, papillose orb, and bifid ligulae. 1j . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia mixta, Mass. stap. p. 23. t. 38. Flowers drooping, of an obscure violaceous colour, wrinkled with transverse yellow stripes, and a yellow orb, beset with brown papilla. Very nearly allied to O. cariegdta ; but differs in the form of the teeth of the branches, and in the flowers being twice the size, in the acu- minated segments, in the elevated, papillose orb, &c. Mixed Orbea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 foot. 3 O. QCIXQUEXE'RVIS (Haw. syn. p. 38.) corolla glabrous, ? 5-nerved on both sides ; segments roundish elliptic ; ligulae tridentate, middle tooth small ; branches spotted with brown. J? . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia quinque- nervis, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 37. Larger than O. taiiegata. Corolline segments sulphur-coloured, less spotted than in O. birulca; but having brown spots on both surfaces in certain places ; and the corolla, and exterior corona, are more deeply cleft than in O. bisulca. Ligulae yellow, having a blood- coloured spot at the base, but with distinct brownish dots at the apex. Fne-nerved-&owered Orbea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 foot. 4 O. BISU'LCA (Haw. syn. p. 39.) corolla glabrous ; orb large ; ligulae emarginate ; branches thick, green. *j . S. Native of 120 ASCLEPIADE^E. IX. ORBEA. the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia trisulca, Jacq. stap. t. 64. Corolla dirty yellow, covered with dark rufous dots ; orb sul- phur-coloured ; ligulae yellow ; with a large deep brown mark at the base, and dotted at the apex. Tno-fwrorved Orbea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1805. Shrub 1 foot. 5 O. VARIEGA^TA (Haw. syn. 40.) corolla glabrous, convex outside of the tube ; segments ovate, acute ; ligulae bifid, acute ; orb tumid, large. ^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the sides of mountains, at Leuweberg, and elsewhere. Sta- pelia variegata, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p. 170. Jacq. stap. t. 24. misc. 1. p. 27. t. 4. D. C. pi. gr. t. 149. Tratt. thes. t. 18. but not of Forsk. desc. p. 51. which does not belong to the genus, but is probably an Apocyneous plant. Herm. lugd. t. 53— Burm. afr. dec. 2. p. 30. t. 12. f. 2. Flowers solitary, large, drooping. Corolla sulphur-coloured, variegated with transverse wrinkles, and irregular brownish-purple spots : having the orb in the bottom paler, Willd. Branches floriferous at the base. Variegated- flowered Orbea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1727. Shrub 1 foot. 6 O. CURTISII (Haw. syn. p. 40.) corolla sulphur-coloured ; ligulae entire. 17 . S. Stapelia variegata, Curt. bot. mag. t. 26. exclusive of the synonymes. Curtis's Orbea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1690. Shrub 1 ft. 7 O. PLANIFLORA ; corolla glabrous, flat ; orb tumid ; leaflets of outer corona obtuse, bidentate. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia planiflora, Jacq. stap. Poir. suppl. 5. p. 232. Lodd. bot. cab. 191. Branches procumbent, gla- brous. Pedicels solitary or twin at the insertion of the branches. Corolla pale sulphur-coloured, spotted with blackish purple. This species is very like O. variegata, but differs in the corolla being very flat. Far. J3, marginata (Poir. 1. c.) edges of corolla dark purple. (7.8. Flat-flowered Orbea. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1805. Sh. proc. 8 O. WENDLANDIA'NA ; corolla glabrous : with acuminated, reflexed segments; orb elevated, tumid; ligulae emarginate ; branches decumbent, floriferous at the base ; pedicels solitary. 1?. S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Staptilia rugosa, Wendl. coll. 2. p. 41. t. 52. Stap. Wendlandiana, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 39. Teeth of branches long, subspinose. Pedicels pale red. Corolla pale yellow outside, and yellow and spotted with brown inside ; and the orb brownish, as well as the ligulae ; inner corona pale yellow. Wendland's Orbea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1818. Sh. dec. 9 O. MARGIN AVTA ; corolla flat, glabrous ; ligulae bidentate, obtuse ; orb tumid, bluntly 5-angled. ^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia marginata, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 13. Corolla pale yellow, margined with red, and painted with the same colour ; orb pale yellow ; ligulae yellow, dotted at top, and furnished with 3 red spots at the base, the middle yellow. Maro-ina/e-flowered Orbea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1805. Shrub dec. 10 O. CONSPURCA'TA ; corolla glabrous, but ciliated with minute clavate hairs ; orb tumid ; ligulae bifid. Ij . S. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia conspurcata, Jacq. stap. t. 47. Corolla dirty yellow, ornamented with viola- ceous spots, as well as the orb ; ligulae yellow, painted with a broad, dotted, violaceous line. Nearly allied to O. normalis, but differs in the edges of the corolla being ciliated with minute, clavate, white hairs. Defiled Orbea. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1795. Shrub dec. 1 1 O. NORMA'LIS ; corolla flat, glabrous ; ligulae bifid, fur- nished with a blunt tooth between each ; orb rather tumid. I? . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia normalis, Jacq. stap. t. 42. diar. lips. 1814. p. 268. Ker. bot. reg. 75^5. Very like O. variegata, but differs in the dots on the corolla, and ligulae disposed in regular parallel rows. Regular-spotted Orbea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. Sh. 12 O. CLYPEA'TA (Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 13.) corolla flat, glabrous ; ligulae semibifid, acute, with a tooth between each ; orb tumid. fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sta- pelia clypeata, Jacq. diar. lips. 814. p. 269. stap. t. 48. Both branches of the leaflets of inner corona capitate. Corolla yellow, spotted with purple. Shielded-fiouered Orbea. Clt. 1812. Shrub J foot. 13 O. ORBICULA'RIS (Haw. syn. p. 40.) corolla glabrous ; with roundish, acuminated segments ; orb tumid ; ligulae short, obcor- dately emarginate. ^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia orbicularis, Andr. bot. rep. t. 439. Branches tufted, erect, curved at the base. Pedicels solitary. Corolla pale yellow : having approximate, brownish lines on the segments ; orb yellow, dotted with brown ; bottom deep brown. Orbicular-rmged. Orbea. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1799. Shrub I foot. 14 O. BUFONIA (Haw. syn. p. 40.) corolla flat, glabrous; ligulae bifid, obtuse ; orb tumid, fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia bufonia, Jacq. t. 1. and 49. diar. lips. p. 269. Willd. enum. p. 283. Sims, bot. mag. 107<>. Branches glaucescent. Pedicels solitary. Corolla pale and livid green outside, with red nerves, and dirty brown inside, spotted with purple, and striped with yellow. Toad Orbea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1806. Shrub | foot. 15 O. MARMORA'TA ; corolla flatj glabrous; ligulae bifid, obtuse ; orb subtumid. fy . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia marmorata, Jacq. diar. lips. 1814. p. 269. stap. t. 28. Very nearly allied to 0. bufonia. Corolla purple, striped with yellow and white. 3/arWed-flowered Orbea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1820. Sh. \ foot. 16 O. RETU'SA (Haw. syn. p. 41,) corolla glabrous; with deltoid segments, which are 5-nerved outside as in all the rest ; ligulae long, lorate, retuse ; orb large. ^ • S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia retusa, Room, et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 41. Branches similar to those of 0. anguina, but thicker. Pedicels long, from the base of the branches. Corolla yellow- ish inside, spotted, and striped with dark brown, but more par- ticularly towards the base ; but the orb is paler and less spotted. Ligula green, with very minute rufous spots. Inner corona beset with small, scattered, black tubercles, as in O. anguinea. Retuse Orbea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub | ft. 17 O. ANGUINEA (Haw. syn. p. 41.) corolla glabrous ; ligulae semibipartite ; orb large. \i . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia anguina, Jacq. stap. t. 54. Lodd. bot. cab. 828. Pedicels long, rising from the base of the branches. Corolla yellow, marked with numerous rufous spots ; the orb is marked with large spots of two forms, dark brown yellow on the sides near the base. Gynostegium dotted with dark brown. Snake-specUeA Orbea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812. Sh. | ft. 18 O. PICTA (Haw. syn. p. 42.) corolla semiquinquefid, gla- brous, with ovate, acuminated segments ; ligulae bifid ; orb ele- vated, depressed in the centre. ^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia picta, Donn. hort. cant. p. 53. Sims, bot. mag. 1169. Allg. teutsch. gart. mag. 7. p. 413. t. 42. S. variegata, Jacq. misc. 1. p. 27. t. 4. ? Branches simple, 4- furrowed, torulose. Corolla yellow, variegated with dark pur- ple. It differs from O. variegata in the corolla being rather smaller, in the ring or orb being narrower, not dotted, but varie- ASCLEPIADE.E. IX. OREEA. X. OBESIA. XI. DUVALIA. 121 gated with black and white, and from all the rest in the bottom part of the corolla being verv dark brown. Painted-ftoifered Orbea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1799. Sh. | ft. 19 O. \VOODI ORDIA'NA (Haw. syn. p. 42.). fc . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia Woodfordiana, Hort. Haworth has not seen the flowers of this species ; but the plant is very like O. angutnea and O. picta. Ji'oodford'sOrben. Clt. 1810. Shrub | foot. 20 O. LE'PIDA (Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 13.) corolla glabrous; orb tumid ; ligulae obtuse, emarginate or retuse. Jj . S. Na- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia lepida, Jaeq. stap. U 15. Willd. enum. p. 280. Podanthes ? lepida, Haw. syn. p. 34. no. 5. Very like O. variegala, but the branches are green, not g'aucescent. Pedicels usually twin. Corolla greenish yellow, with purple spots ; ligulae green, spotted with red. Outer branch of inner corona subulate, acute ; inner one obtuse. Pretty Orbea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.? Shrub i foot. 21 O. MUTA'BILIS ; corolla fringed, spotted; teeth of branches spreading ; ligulae tridentate ; inner branch of inner corona cla- vate. ^ . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia mutabilis, Jacq. t. 59-60. Spreng. syst. 1 . p. 838. Stap. rufa, Mass. ? Corolla greenish yellow, with numerous transverse purple stripes, ciliated with red, clavate, tremulous hairs. This *pecie> seems to be intermediate between O'rbea and Tromotriche. C!iangeabU-fio\*eTed Orbea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub J foot. 22 6. INODORA (Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 12.) corolla sul- phur-coloured, spotted with dark brown, scentless ; leaflets of outer corona emarginate, shorter than the large orb, depressed, rather flexuous. Jj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Inner branches of inner corona incurved, a little attenuated at die top : outer one longer and incurved. Scentless Orbea. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1 788. Shrub | ft. Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 117. X. OBESIA (obesut, fat; flowers). Haw. syn. p. 42.— Stapelia species of authors. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. All as in Stapelia; but the exterior corona is 5-lobed, therefore there are no ligulae ; the orb or ring is also wanting. Leaflets of inner corona bi- partite, vellow, small, thick, and truncate, thickest at the apex ; outer branch spreading ; inner branch semicylindrical, closely incurved above the table of the style. — Glaucescent plants with the habit of Stapelia. Joints of branches short, almost oblong, very thick, obsoletely tetragonal, radicant : with small, hori- zontal teeth. Flowers small, usually twin. 1 O. GEMISA'TA (Haw. syn. p. 42.) joints of branches pro- liferous, creeping, suboval, obscurely tetragonal, floriferous at top : flowers usually twin ; outer corona 5-lobed ; margins of segments of corolla revolute. T; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia geminata, Mass. stap. p. 18. t. 25. Sims, bot. mag. 1326. Lodd. bot. cab. p. 300. Jacq. stap. t. 8. Corolla orange yellow, dotted with blood colour ; segments lan- ceolate, acuminated, rather hairy inside, when examined by a lens, ex Mass. Lobes of outer corona tridentate. TVin-flowered Obesia. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1795. Sh. cr. 2 O. DECORA (Haw. syn. p. 43.) joints of branches oblong, obsoletely tetragonal, floriferous at base ; flowers twin ; outer corona 5-lobed ; segments of corolla scabrous from dots above, lanceolate, acuminated, with revolute edges. Ij . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia decora, Mass. stap. p. 19. t. 26. Corolla yellow, beset with dark purple, elevated dots. It differs from O. geminata in the joints of the branches being smaller, in the teeth being stronger, and in the flowers being rather larger, and scabrous from dots. Graceful Obesia. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1795. PI. tufted. Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 117. VOL. IV. XI. DUV A'LIA (named after H. A. Duval, of Paris ; author of Enumeratio Plantarum Succulentarum in Horto Alenconio). Haw. syn. p. 14. — Stapelia species of authors. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. All as in Stapelia ; but the segments of the corolla are more or less bent to one side ; the orb is elevated ; the lobes of the outer corona are entire, bi6d, or emarginate at apex ; the segments of the inner corona are minute, hollow, resembling a bird's head, and incurvedly ad- pressed to the angles of the style ; the table of the style is round, a little repand, with 5 angular depressions. — Habit of Stapelia. Branches short, proliferous, almost as in Piardntkus, often shorter and more glomerate, and throwing out numerous roots, usually glaucescent. * Corollas ciliated. 1 D. RECLIXA'TA (Haw. syn. p. 44.) corolla with lanceo- late, ciliated, replicate segments ; an elevated, convex orb ; branches tetragonal, floriferous in the middle ; segments of ex- terior corona bifid ; leaflets of the inner one galeately hooked. +2 . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia reclinata, Mass. stap. p. 19. t. 28. Jacq. stap. p. 4. Sims, bot. mag. 139. Cilia of corolla clavate. Pedicels solitary or aggregate. Corolla small, dark purple. Reclinate-Bowered Duvalia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1795. Shrub cr* 2 D. E'LEGANS (Haw. syn. p. 44.) corolla with deltoid, acuminated, ciliated segments, which are clothed with long purple hairs inside, and a small, elevated orb ; segments of the outer corona purplish ; branches tetragonal, floriferous in the middle. Jj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia elegans, Mass. 19. t. 27. Sims, bot. mag. 1184. Pedicels twin or tern. Corolla hispid, fringed, smaller than those of O. reclinata, dark purple, with a rufescent, pentagonal bottom. Elegant Duvalia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1795. Shrub cr. 3 D. C.ESPITOSA (Haw. syn. p. 45.) corolla with lanceolate, acute, replicate, ciliated segments, an elevated orb ; segments of outer corona bifid ; leaflets of the inner depressedly hooked ; joints of branches crowded, tetragonal, floriferous above the base. fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Karro, under bushes. Stapelia caespitosa, Mass. stap. p. 20. t. 29. Redout, liliac. t. 148. Jacq. stap. t. 2. Corollas size of those of D. elegans, dark purple ; having the orb and corona green. Segments of the corolla ciliated from the base to above the middle ; the apex naked. Tufted Duvalia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub proc. 4 D. JACOUINIA'KA ; corolla with lanceolate segments, having their edges reflexed and ciliated, and an elevated orb ; segments of outer corona bifid ; leaflets of the inner falcately hooked ; joints of branches oblong. J? . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia radiata, Jacq. stap. t. 37. Stap. Jacquiniana, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 45. Flowers deep purple. Jacquin's Duvalia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1802. Sh. proc. 5 D. ? DEFLE'XA ; corolla wrinkled, ciliated, downy in the centre ; segments with revolute edges, the whole straight and deflexed ; segments of the outer corona beaked, acute, gibbose at the base, erect ; leaflets of the inner corona subrotate. fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia deflexa, Jacq. stap. diar. lips. 1814. p. 268. Branches ascending a foot high and more. Pedicels aggregate at the base and in the middle of the branches. Corolla yellow inside, livid green outside, with rufescent stripes. Deflexed Duvalia. Shrub. 6 D. TUBERCCLA'TA (Haw. syn. p. 46. suppl. pi. succ. p. 13.) branches oblong, tetragonal ; teeth large, recurved ; orb hairy : segments of corolla ciliately pubescent, dark brown. *j . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia tuberculata, R 122 ASCLEPIADEJE. XI. DUVALIA. XII. CARUNCULARIA. XIII. PECTINARIA. XIV. CARALLUMA. Hort. Plant smaller than D. radiata. Ligulse angular, entire, pale rufous. Segments of inner corona pale red. Tubercled Duvalia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1808. Sh. proc. 7 D. HIRTE'LLA ; segments of corolla replicate, lanceolate, ciliated on the edges ; orb elevated, hairy ; segments of outer co- rona obtuse; segments of inner corona falcately hooked; branches columnar, not oblong, as in D. ctespitbsa ; pedicels usually soli- tary. Pj.S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia hirtella, Jacq. stap. t. 14. Willd. enum. p. 285. Haw. syn. p. 26. suppl. pi. succ. p. 10. Corolla livid green outside, deep purple inside. //ai>2/-flowered Duvalia. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1800. Sh. proc. 8 D. MASTODES ; segments of corolla replicate, ciliated at the base ; orb elevated, glabrous ; branches hexagonal ; tuber- cles of branches flattish, mammillary. T? . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia mastodes, Jacq. stap. t. 56-57. Corolla brownish purple. Pedicels in fascicles, near the tops of the branches. Teat-toothed Duvalia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.? Shrub proc. * * Segments of corolla naked, not ciliated. 9 D. RADIA'TA (Haw. syn. p. 45.) corolla with narrow, dis- tant, replicate, naked segments, and an elevated orb ; segments of the outer corona obtuse, entire ; joints of branches short, tetragonal ; pedicels twin. T? . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia radiata, Sims, bot. mag. 619. Lodd. Tjot. cab. 831. Inner corona of 5 tongue-shaped, concave bodies, dis- posed in a stellate manner, bending back upon the centre of the corolla, at the apex. Corolla dark purple. In Jacq. stap. t. 29, the corolla is ciliated. /farfza/e-nectaried Duvalia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1795. Sh. proc. 10 D. REPLICA'TA (Haw. 1. c.) corolla with lanceolate, repli- cate, naked segments, and an elevated orb ; segments of the exterior corona obtuse ; leaflets of the interior corona falcately uncinate. t; . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sta- pelia replicata, Jacq. stap. Willd. enum. p. 286. Branches ascending. Pedicels usually solitary. Corolla livid green out- side, blackish purple inside. Perhaps the same as D. radiata. Rejjlicate-Rowered Duvalia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1812. Shrub proc. 11 D. L^EVIGA'TA (Haw. syn. p. 46. suppl. pi. succ. p. 14.) orb large ; segments of corolla horizontal, tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia laevigata, Hort. Very nearly allied to D. radiata. Orb larger and petals more hori- zontal than in any other species. Smooth Duvalia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub proc. 12 D. GLOMERA'TA (Haw. syn. p. 46.) flowers usually 4 together ; segments of corolla connivent, except at the tops ; orb rather downy ; branches prostrate or dependent, glomerate, rooting at bottom. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia glomerata, Hort. Segments of inner corona length of ligulae. Corolla thick, dark brown. Orb very blunt, subrepand, with a pale base. Very like D. compdcta, but larger. Glomerate-branched Duvalia. Clt. 1804. Shrub proc. 13 D. COMPA'CTA (Haw. syn. p. 46.) flowers usually twin; segments of corolla dark purple, retrofracted and connivent ; table of style and stamens brown ; joints of branches densely glomerate, an inch long. Jj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia compacts, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 46. Segments of inner corona like a bird's head, a little paler than the table of the style ; the rest as in the other species. Branches prostrate, rooting at bottom. Smaller and more compact than D. glomerata. Compact Duvalia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1800. Sh. tufted. Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 1 17. XII. CARUNCULA'RIA (from caruncula, a fleshy protu- 12 berance ; tops of inner corona carunculate). Haw. syn. p. 334. — Stapelia species of authors. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. All as in Stapelia, except the segments of the outer corona or ligulae, which are short and emarginate ; segments of inner corona bipartite, recurved, com- pressed, attenuated downwards, globose at top, and granulately carunculate ; granules of very different forms. — Much-branched plants, with the habit of Stapelia. Branches tetragonal. 1 C. PEDUNCULA'TA (Haw. syn. p. 334.) segments of corolla lanceolate, with revolute edges, and fringed angles ; branches numerous, divaricate, tetragonal ; peduncles very long. Tj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia pedunculata, Mass, stap. p. 17. t. 21. Haw. syn. p. 23. Allg. teutsch. gard. mag. 1811. p. 309. t. 30. Sims, bot. mag. t. 793. Jacq. stap. t 50- 51-52-53. Segments of corolla lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated with pedicellate glands on the margins at the base. Branches somewhat dentate, floriferous in the middle (ex Willd. spec. 1. p. 1284.). There are brownish-purple and yellowish-flowered va- rieties of this species. Branches glaucous. Pedicels very long, 4-5 together. Corolla green outside. Pedunculate Caruncularia. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1 790. Sh. 2 C. ? SERRULA'TA ; corolla strigose ; segments revolute on the edges ; segments of outer corona oblong, truncate, serrated at apex ; leaflets of the interior corona hooked and 2-lobed ; outer lobe serrated ; pedicels twin, fj . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stapelia serrulata, Jacq. stap. t. 41. diar. lips. 1814. p. 269. Willd. enum. p. 286. Corolla brownish-yellow, campanulate ; corona yellow. Serrulated Caruncularia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1805. Sh. Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 117. XIII. PECTINA'RIA (from pectin, a comb ; in reference to the inner corona of the flowers being ciliately multifid). Haw. suppl. pi. succ. 14. Stapelia articulata, Mass. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. All as in Stapelia ; but the corolla is tuberculate, and the branches of the plant warted ; and the outer corona of the corolla lacerately multifid. — A small tufted plant, with the habit of Stapelia; joints of branches oblong-terete, reticulately and obsoletely warted ; each wart furnished with a small spine. Corolla beset with mucronate papilla or warts above ; with triangular segments. Stapelia mammillaris, Lin. probably belongs also to this genus, and is perhaps only the same as P. arliculata. 1 P. ARiicuLAvTA(Haw. 1. c.). f? . S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the regions of Roggeweld. Stapelia articu- Jata, Mass. stap. p. 20. t. 30. Branches floriferous at the apex. Flowers solitary. Corolla small, blackish purple. Tubercles on the branches greenish purple. The plant is eaten with vine- gar by the Dutch at the Cape, and raw by the Hottentots. Jointed Pectinaria. Fl. July. Clt. 1800. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 117. XIV. CARALLITMA (the C. adscendens is called Car- allum by the Telingas). R. Br. in wern. soc. mem. 1. p. 25. — Stapelia species, Roxb. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Corolla rotate (f. 15. b.), deeply 5 -cleft (f. 15. &.). Column of fructification exserted. Stamineous corona in a simple series, 10-leaved, 5 of the leaflets are undivided, and opposite the anthers, the rest bipartite (f. 15. c.), and ligulate. Anthers simple at top : pollen masses erect, tetragonal (f. 15. rf.), fixed by the base, pellucid on one side on the margin. Stigma mutic. Follicles slender, smooth. Seeds comose. — Habit almost of Stapelia. Inhabitants of the East Indies. Stems tetragonal, toothed along the angles. Pe- duncles solitary, 1 -flowered, rising from the axils of the teeth. The crown in this genus, as in Ceropegia, consists of 5 3-lobed ASCLEPIADE.E. XIV. CAEALLCMA. XV. BorcERosiA. XVI. HCTCHISIA. XVII. ERIOPETALUH. FIG. 15. leaves : the lateral lobes united by pairs into 5 ligulate forked leaflets, alternating with the primary lobes and with the stamens. 1 C. ADSCE NDEXS (R. Br. 1. c.) branches slender, ascending, bearing each a solitary flower at top ; segments of corolla re- flexed at the edges, acuminated, glabrous. ^ . S. Native of Coromandel. Stapelia adscendens, Roxb. cor. 1. p. 82. t. 30. Corollas size of those of Periploca Grceca, yellowish ; seg- ments tipped with violet. Stems rooting at the base. Flowers variegated with purple and yellow, ex Roxb., usually drooping. Attending Caralluma. Fl. July. Clt. 1804. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 2 C. FIMBRIA'TA (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 1. p. 7. t. 8.) branches elongated, attenuated ; flowers axillary, solitary, subcampanu- late, drooping ; segments of co- rolla falcate at top (f. 15. e.), with replicate, fringed edges, fj . S. Native of the Burmese empire, on sterile sandy hills at Yenangeum, on the banks of the Irrawaddy ; and among the ruins of Pagamon. Stem branched at top. Segments of corolla naked in the lower part, marked with many transverse purple lines, pale yellow beneath ; up- per part purple ; upper mar-in straight and downy, fringed behind with articulated vacillating hairs. Very closely allied to C. adscendens, but that species iffers from this in the absence of the long vacillating hairs to s corolla. Stapelia subulata, Forsk. cat. arab. p. 108. no. 193. t. 7. is the same, or a very nearly allied species, (f. 15.) Fringed Caralluma. Clt. 1820. Shrub £ foot. Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 117. X\ . BOLCERO'SIA (from j3ou«p«c, boukeros, furnished with buflalos' horns ; in reference to the curved lobes of the corona). Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 34. Caralluma species, Haw. and Wall. Stapelia species, Roxb. Lix. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla subcampanulate, 5-cleft ; segments broadly triangular, with acute recesses. Column of fructification hardly exserted. Stamineous corona 15-lobed; lobes disposed in a double series ; the 5 inner ones opposite the stamens, and lying upon the anthers ; the rest ex- tenor, erect, or a little incurved at apex, adhering to the back of the inner ones. Anthers simple at the apex ; pollen masses erect, tetragonal, pellucid on the one side at the margin, stigma mutic. Follicles smooth, terete, attenuated at the apex. Seeds comose.— Fleshy, leafless, erect plants, with the habit of Slapelta. Branches and stems tetragonal ; with toothed angles. Flowers numerous, terminal, umbellate. — In Carallvma the lateral lobes of each leaflet of the corona are separated by means of the middle or primary lobe, with the edge of which they cohere at the base : in this genus, on the contrary, the edges of the lateral lobes of each leaflet cohere, and their line of junction is also attached along the middle of the back of the primary lobe. In both genera the lateral lobes cohere by the margins with the lateral ones of the adjoining leaflet ; so that in Caralluma we have a corona of 10 narrow and 5* broad segments, attached to each other by the edges only, and forming consequently a simple series, while, in Boucerotm the broad segments are surrounded by the 10 narrow ones, and a double corona is formed. Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind bot. p. 34. 1 B. UMBELLA TA (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) segments of co- rolla glabrous. I? . S. Native of the southern provinces of 123 the Indian peninsula, in arid places. Caralluma umbellata, Haw. syn p. 47. Wall. ascl. no. 20-21. Stapelia umbel- lata, Roxb. cor. 3. t. 24 1 . Stapelia Callamulia, Haw. Flowers purple. Umbellate-Howeied Boucerosia. Fl. ? Clt. 1829 Sh 1 ft 2 B cRENn-A'TA (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) segm'ents of co- rolla fringed on the edges. fj. S. Native of the Burmese empire, on sandy mountains, near the town of Se^aen, on the left bank of the Irrawaddy, opposite Ava. CaraHuma crenu- late, Wall. pi. asiat. 1. p. 6. t. 7. Corollas pale greenish-white low, yellow above, and ornamented with broadish transverse stripes, which become narrower as they approach the base. This is a smaller, more compact, and more glossy plant than the preceding. Crenulated Boucerosia. Clt. 1829. Shrub | foot. Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. 117. XVI. HUTCHI'NIA (named after Mr. Hutchin of Norwich, a most successful cultivator and liberal distributor of succulent plants). Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 34. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla subcampanulate, 5-cleft. Column of fructification hardly exserted. Stamineous corona 20-lobed ; the 5 inner lobes lying on the anthers, the next 5 outside of these alternating with them, each of these 5 furnished with 2 lateral lobes, which exceed the middle one. Anthers simple at top. Pollen masses erect, pellucid on the margin on one side.— A fleshy, leafless, erect plant ; branches tetragonal : with toothed angles. Flowers numerous, terminal, subumbellate. Corolla pilose inside. 1 H. I'XDICA (Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 35.). ^ . S. Native of the peninsula of India, in arid places Wiv, erion, wool, and TfraXov, petalon, a petal ; segments of corolla usually densely villous inside). Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 35. Lix. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla subcampanulate. 5-cleft ; segments narrow, linear : with broad recesses. Sta- mineous corona 15-lobed; the 5 inner lobes lying upon the anthers; the 10 exterior ones erect, approximate, adhering to the inner series. Anthers simple at apex ; pollen masses fixed nigh the base, erect, lying upon the stigma, pellucid on the margin on one side. Follicles slender, glabrous. — Erect, rather branched herbs. Stems terete. Leaves minute, scale- formed, adpressed. Flowers small, umbellate ; umbels lateral or terminal, sessile. Segments of corolla longer than the tube, usually clothed with dense villi or wool inside, hence the generic name. This genus agrees in habit with Microttemma, but differs in the form of the corona; on the other hand it resembles Boucerosia in the corona, but has a widely different habit. 1 E. PARVIFLORUM (Wight, I. c.) segments of corolla hardly longer than the tube, woolly ; corona exceeding the gynoste- gium or column of fructification. % . S. Native of Dooneie Royle. % * Small-Jloicered Eriopetalum. PI. erect. 2 E. ATTENUA'TUM (Wight, 1. c.) segments of corolla slender, attenuated, villous, twice or thrice longer than the tube ; corona shorter than the gynostegium. 7/. S. Native of Doongie Royle. Altenualed-petaQed Eriopetalum. PI. erect. 5 E. LEVIGA TUM (Wight, 1. c.) segments of corolla linear, with undulated margins, nearly glabrous, almost twice as long as the tube ; corona equal in length to the gynostegium. T( . S. R 2 124 ASCLEPIADEJs. XVIII. MICROSTEMMA. XIX. LEPTADENIA. XX. ORTHANTHERA. XXI. BRACHYSTELMA. Native in the woods of Cossala and Gorukpur. Gomphocar- pus laevigata, Ham. Microstemma, Wall. ascl. no. 23. Smooth Eriopetalum. PI. erect. Cult. For culture and propagation see Stapelia, p. U7. XVIII. MICROSTE'MMA (from /"icpoe, micros, small, and aTiynia., stemma, a crown ; in reference to tlie smallness of the stamineous corona). R. Br. in wern. soc. mem. 1. p. 25. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft. Column of fructification exserted. Stamineous corona undi- vided, fleshy, 5-lobed ; lobes alternating with the anthers ; anthers simple at the apex ; pollen masses inserted by the middle, lying upon the stigma. Stigma mutic. Follicles slender, smooth. Seeds comose. — Glabrous erect herbs, natives of New Holland, with tuberous roots. Steins simple at bottom, with minute leaves ; branched at top, with linear, opposite leaves. Umbels lateral and terminal, almost sessile. Corollas blackish purple, bearded inside. 1 M. TUBEROSUM (R. Br. prod. p. 459.). Pj . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Tuberous-rooted Microstemma. PI. 1 foot. ? Cult. For culture and propagation see Ceropegia, p. 112. XIX. LEPTADE'NIA (from Xeirroc, leptos, slender; and aSriv, aden, a gland ; in reference to the slender pollen masses. R. Br. in wern. soc. 1. p. 34. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla sub-rotate, with a short tube, furnished with 5 scales, one between each segment ; limb bearded, valvate in aestivation. Column or gynostegium nearly globose. Stamineous corona none. Anthers free, simple at apex ; pollen masses erect, fixed by the base, coarctate and pellucid at top. Stigma mutic, rarely apiculated. Follicles smooth. Seeds comose. — Twining shrubs, usually greyish from powdery tomentum. Leaves flat, opposite. Umbels inter- petiolar, sometimes cymose. Corpuscles of stigma minute. Mr. R. Brown has examined three species of this genus, none of which are yet described, one of them collected by Forskal. 1 L. FORSKCS'LII ; flowers umbellate, y.. r>. S. Native of Arabia Felix. Forskasl's Leptadenia. PI. tw. 2 L. CYMOSA ; flowers cymose. 11 . °. S. Native of the East Indies. Cymose-fiowereA Leptadenia. PI. tw. 3 L. RETICULA'TA (Wight, and Arnott, contr. ind. bot. p. 47.) twining ; bark of the older branches corky, glabrous ; young branches clothed with cinereous down, and sometimes with tomentum ; leaves ovate or lanceolate, acute, usually smoothish, and sometimes clothed with short white down ; umbels lateral, many-flowered, about equal in length to the petioles ; segments of corolla with revolute edges, bearded inside ; scales of throat simple, short ; stigma mutic ; follicle sub-cylindrically oblong, obtuse, often solitary by abortion. far. a ; leaves clothed with short, mealy down, but at length, almost glabrous ; peduncles about equal in length to the pe- tioles, and the pedicels about equal in length to the peduncles. lj> Qh 8« Native of the East Indies, very abundant about Negapatam, on the sea coast, where it grows to a great size. Wight, cat. no. 1535. Cynanchum reticulatum, Retz. obs. 2. p. 15. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1258. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 107. Cynanchum asthmaticum, Herb. Ham. no. 766. Ascle- pias tuberosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 38. Mus. ind. or. t. 614. Asclepias volubilis, Herb. Madr. Ham. Wall. ascl. no. 7, ex- clusive of Secatnone canescens, Smith, in Rees' cycl. Var. ft ; branchlets tomentose ; leaves oblong-lanceolate ; peduncles very short. fy . *"*. S. Native of the Peninsula of India, in the southern provinces. Leptadenia brevipes, Wight, cat. no. 1536. Far. y ; leaves broad-obtuse, retuse at the base, rather vel- vety beneath. Ij . /"\ S. Native of Ava, near Pegu. Gym- nema aurantiaca, Wall. ascl. no. 147. Reticulated Leptadenia. Shrub tw. 4 L. IMBE'RBIS (Wight, 1. c. p. 48.) twining, glabrous ; leaves broadly ovate or cordate, acuminated ; umbels lateral, many- flowered, about equal in length to the petioles ; segments of corolla revolute on the edges, beardless ; scales of throat simple ; stigma apiculated. T? . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, at Meerut and Suroy. Wall. ascl. no. 77. e, unnamed. The only certain character which distinguishes this from the varieties of the last, are the beardless segments of the corolla. Beardless Leptadenia. Shrub tw. 5 L. SPA'RTIUM (Wight. 1. c.) suffruticose, glabrous ; stems slender, much branched ; leaves narrow-linear, tapering at the apex ; umbels almost sessile ; segments of corolla beardless inside, with revolute margins ; scales of throat broad, exserted ; stigma mutic. >j . ^\ S. Native of the East Indies, on the banks of the river Yavanna, Hamilton : Himalaiah, Royle : Simla, Countess of Dalhousie. Gymnema spartium, Wall. ascl. no. 76. Cannychum angustifolium, Ham. herb. Broom-like Leptadenia. Shrub tw. 6 L. ? ELLIPTICA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1066.) leaves oval, acutish, hardly emarginate at the base, coriaceous, glabrous, veinless above, paler beneath, and full of fine parallel veins ; cymes panicled, interpetiolar, clothed with rust-coloured scurf. J? . /r\ S. Native of Java and Nusse Kambanga, in woods. Flowers small, sweet-scented. Stamineous crown small, 5-angled, girded at the base by a fleshy, 5-lobed urceolus. Follicles smooth or lepidoted. Seeds comose. This plant differs, in having a sta- mineous crown, from the other species of Leptadenia. Elliptic-leaved Leptadenia. Fl. year. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Ceropegia, p. 112. XX. ORTHANTHE'RA (from op$o£, orthos, erect; and avSqpa, ant/iera, an anther ; anthers erect.) Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 48. LIN. SYST, Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla urceolate, 5-cleft ; throat naked ; tube rather ventricose ; aestivation valvate. Staminal corona none: Anthers simple at top, erect, acute ; pollen masses erect, fixed by the base, coarctate and pellucid at apex. Stigma apiculate. — A leafless shrub. Umbels on short peduncles, few-flowered. Calyx 5-parted ; segments subulate at top. Corolla villous outside, glabrous inside, twice as long as the gynostegium. Filaments furnished with a gland, or fleshy leaflet, at the base of each, as in Gymnodenia. Anthers free, lying upon the stigma, which is apiculated. Follicles unknown. — This genus is perhaps closely allied to Leptadenia, from which it only differs, by the urceolate corolla, the absence of scales to the orifice of the tube, and erect anthers. The habit is also dif- ferent. 1 O. VIMINEA (Wight, 1. c.) J? . S. Native of Hindostan, at Doab. Apocineae viminea, Wall. cat. no. 7478. Twiggy Orthanthera. Shrub. Cult. See Ceropegia, p. 112, for culture and propagation. XXI. BRACHYSTE'LMA (from /3paXv£, brachys, short; and orfX^a, stelma, a crown ; corona short.) R. Br. in bot. mag. 2343. bot. reg. 722. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla campanulate (f. 16. b.~), having the sinuses angular. Column or gynostegium inclosed. Corona simple, 5-cleft ; lobes opposite the anthers, simple on the back. Anthers naked at top. Pollen masses ASCLEPIADE.E. XXII. FISCHERIA. XXIII. HOTA. 125 Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. erect, fixed by the base. — Suffruticose, twining plants. Leaves opposite, membranous. Root a roundish tuber. 1 B. TCBEROSUM (R. Br. 1. c-) leaves membranous, linear-Ian- FIG. 16. ceolate, concave ; flowers ag- gregate, 3-4 in each fascicle ; lobes of corona connivent ; seg- ments of corolla fringed at the base. 7/. ^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sta- pelia tuberosa, Meerb. icon. t. 54. f. 1. Calyx and pedicels beset with glandular down. Co- rolla greenish outside, dotted with red ; but blackish purple inside, with a deep yellow cen- tre, and broken cross lines ; tube campanulate. Lobes of corona triangular. Flowers fe- tid (f. 16.\ Root a roundish tuber (f. 16. c.) Tuberose-rooted Brachystelma. PI. tw. 2 B. SPATULATUM (Lindl. bot. reg. 1113.) pilose ; leaves spa- tulate, obtuse ; segments of corolla twice as long as the tube ; flowers solitary, pedicellate, one half shorter than the leaves. y.. ^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla dirty purple, dotted ; having the segments tailed, tomentose outside. Spalulate-]ea\ed Brachystelma. Fl. July. Clt. 1826. PI. tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Ceropegia, p. 112. XXII. FISCHE'RIA (named after F. E. L. Fischer, M.D. Director of the Botanic Garden at St. Petersburgh.) D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 112. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Corolla rotate; segments undulately curled. Starnineous corona fleshy, truncate, but not otherwise lobed, girded at the base by a nectariferous ring. Anthers simple at the apex, hooked, replicate inside ; pollen masses inserted by the middle of the side, lying upon the stigma. Stigma pentagonal. Follicles two. — A climbing, evergreen shrub. Branches long, terete. Leaves opposite, cordate at the base, oval-oblong, acute, petiolate. Peduncles interpetiolar, bearing simple umbels of pedicellate flowers. This appears to be intermediate between Microslemma and Hoya ; but it differs from them, and all the other allied genera, in the corona being entire. 1 F. SCA'NDESS (D. C. 1. c. t. 67. ined.) ^ . ^. S. Native, probably of South America. Branches downy. Flowers yel- lowish green. Very like Cynanchura crispiflorum, Swartz ; but differs from it, in the calycine segments being shorter, spreading, not reflexed ; in the corolla being rotate, not with a pentagonal tube ; and particularly in the corona and genitals. ClCmbing Fischeria. Fl. ? Clt. ? Shrub tw. Cult. See Hoya, p. 128., for culture and propagation. Sub-tribe II. HOYACEJi. Pollen masses erect or connivent, lying upon the stigma, fixed by the base, or beneath the middle of the side. Anthers terminated by a membrane. § 1 . Tube of stamens appendiculate outside. XXIII. HOVYA (named in honour of Mr. Thomas Hoy, late gardener to the Duke of Northumberland, at Sion House ; whose merits, as an intelligent and successful cultivator of plants, have been long known to the botanists of this country.) R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 26. — Asclepias species of Lin. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, o-cleft. Starnineous corona 5- leaved ; leaflets depressed, spreading, fleshy, drawn each out into a tooth on the inner side, which lies on the anthers. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses fixed by the base, connivent, compressed. Stigma de- pressed, mutic or sub-apiculated. Follicles smooth. Seeds comose. — Twining, scandent, or decumbent shrubs, natives of the East Indies, China, and New Holland. Leaves opposite, fleshy, or membranous. Umbels many-flowered, interpetiolar. § 1. Twining, scandent, or decumbent shrubs, usually radicant. Leaves Jleshy. Leaflets of corona furrowed beneath. Hoya certe. * Leaflets of corona Jlaltlsh, broadly obor ate, or nearly orbicular. 1 H. VKLUTINA (Wight, contrib. ind. bat. p. 35.) twining; leaves oval, short-acuminated, with revolute margins, glabrous above, and velvety beneath ; corolla downy outside, and glabrous inside ; segments broad, with revolute edges ; leaflets of corona nearly orbicular, depressed, shining above : with the obtuse inner angles lying upon the umbilicate stigma. 1j . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Hoya, Wall. ascl. no. 39. — Rumph. amb. 5. t. 172.? but Roxb. refers his Ascl. Sussnela to this. Velvety Hoya. Shrub tw. 2 H. ORBICULA'TA (Wall. ascl. no. 32. Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) twining; leaves fleshy, orbicular, glabrous; peduncles many- flowered, shorter than the leaves ; corolla downy inside : with acuminated segments ; leaflets of corona obovate, or nearly orbi- cular, depressed, with the inner angles obtuse ; stigma apiculated. 1j . r*. S. Native of Ava, at Prome. Rumph. amb. 5. t. 1 75. f. 28. Leaves generally 4 at each joint of the stem. Or6ictt/. S. Native of the Himalaiah, at Mussooree, Royle, Nepaul, and Singapore. Hoya, Wall. ascl. no. 44.? Leaves 3-6 inches long, and 6-12 lines broad. Long-leaved Hoya. Shrub tw. 5 H. LINEA'RIS (Wall, ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 130. Wall. ascl. no. 34. Wight, and Arnott, 1. c.) twining, pilose ; stems slender, radicant, leafy ; leaves fleshy, narrow-linear, acutish ; corolla rather downy inside, with ciliated edges ; seg- ments obtuse ; leaflets of corona nearly orbicular, having the inner angles lying upon the stigma, Jj . ^\ S. Native of Nipaul. Plant 3 times smaller than H. lanceoldta. .Linear-leaved Hoya. Shrub tw. 126 ASCLEPIADE^E. XXIII. HOYA. 6 H. PARVIFLORA (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 37.) twining, glabrous ; branches slender ; leaves fleshy, lanceolate, tapering at both ends ; peduncles slender, about equal in length to the leaves, many-flowered ; corolla glabrous ; leaflets of corona broad obovate, emarginate, or obcordate, with the inner angles acuminated, and lying upon the stigma, which is apiculated. f? . ^. S. Native of the Burman Empire, at Maulmeyne. Hoya, Wall. ascl. no. 33. Small-flowered Hoya. Shrub tw. * * Leaflets of corona flattish above, ovate or lanceolate. 1 H. FU'SCA (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 78. t. 175.) twining, glabrous ; leaves coriaceous, hardly fleshy, linear-oblong, acu- minated, transversely veined ; peduncles short, many-flowered ; corolla glabrous, with obtuse segments ; leaflets of corona ovate, obtuse : with the inner angles erect and attenuated, lying upon the stigma, which is apiculated. Fj . r^. S. Native of Nipaul and Silhet. The flowers are rather small, brownish coloured, and very numerous. Leaves 5-6 inches long, and 1 or \\ broad. Tfrott'n-flowered Hoya. Shrub tw. 8 H. HOOKERIA'NA (Wfght, contrib. ind. bot. p. 37.) twining, glabrous ; leaves fleshy, oblong- lanceolate, 3-nerved ; pedun- cles short, many-flowered ; corollas small, glabrous, with obtuse segments ; leaflets of corona ovate, acute, with the inner angles short ; stigma obtuse. 1? . l~*. S. Native of Chittagong and Silhet. H. Nicobdrica, R. Br. mss. is this or a very similar species. Leaves 6-10 inches long, and 1 or 1§ broad. Hooker's Hoya. Shrub tw. 9 H. NICOBA'RICA (R. Br. herb, ex Trail, in hort. trans. 7. p. 29.) umbels globose ; flowers very numerous ; leaves ovate-lan- ceolate. T? . /"\ S. Native of the Nicobar Islands. Nicobar Hoya. Shrub tw. 10 H. PARAsincA (Wall. ascl. no. 29. Wight, and Arnott, 1. c.) plant parasitical, climbing, radicant, glabrous ; branches slender, terete ; leaves fleshy, glabrous, shining, finely 3-nerved at the base, oblong-lanceolate, attenuated ; peduncles almost twice as short as the leaves, many-flowered, sometimes twin ; umbels sub-globose ; corolla glabrous, deeply 5-cleft ; leaflets of corona ovate, acute, with the inner angles lying upon the stigma. fy . ^. S. Native in the woods of Sundabund, at the estuary of the Ganges. Asclepias parasitica, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 42. and mus. ind. orient, t. 1382. H. pallida, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 951. H. acuta, Haw. rev. p. 4. H. lanceolata, Lindl. in Donn. hort. cantab. ed. 11. p 92. H. albens, Mill, brist. cat. 1826. Flowers fragrant, yellow; corona paler than the rest of the flower, purple in the centre. Leaves paler beneath, and darker above. Parasitical Hoya. Shrub tw. 1 1 H. TRINE'RVIS (Trail, in hort. trans. 7. p. 26.) stems slen- der, filiform ; leaves variable in size, oblong, sharply acumi- nated, pale green beneath, and mottled with small brown spots, light yellowish green above, with 3 prominent veins : um- bels globose ; segments of corolla sharp-pointed ; the sides and ends of which are reflexed. ^ . *"\ S. Native of China. Lodd. bot. cab. 936. Corollas pale greenish yellow, slightly scented, frequently mottled beneath with red. Corona of a pale greenish white, with a yellowish tinge in the centre. Three-nerved-le-dved Hoya. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub tw. 12 H. OVALIFOLIA (Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 37.) twining, radicant, glabrous ; leaves fleshy, oval, acuminated at both ends ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, many-flowered ; corolla downy inside; segments ovate, acute ; leaflets of corona oval, obtuse, with the inner angles short ; stigma mutic. T; . ^\ S. Native of the Neelghery mountains, and Singapore. Hoya, Wight, cat. no. 1522. Wall. ascl. no. 31, 43,? and 45. This is very nearly allied to H. parasitica. Oval-leaved Hoya. Shrub tw. 13 H. ARNOTTIA'NA (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 37.) twining, glabrous, radicant ; leaves fleshy, broad-ovate, acuminated ; co- rolla downy inside : with orbicular, cuspidate segments ; leaflets of corona oval, somewhat acuminated, with the inner angles short ; stigma mutic. 1? . r>. S. Native of Nipaul. Hoya, Wall. ascl. no. 35. Arnott' s Hoya. Shrub twining. 14 H. GYMNANTHERA (Wight, 1. c.) leafless ; epidermis of stem smooth and shining ; umbels many-flowered, on short pe- duncles ; flowers small ; leaflets of corona ovate ; tops of anthers membranous, pellucid, very narrow, hardly touching the pollen masses, ^ . r\ S. Native of the East Indies. Wall.ascl.no. 145, without a name. Naked-anthered Hoya. Shrub tw. * * * Leaflets of corona convex above, oval, or ovate, nit/t revolute edges. 15 H. BRUNONIA'NA (Wight, 1. c.") twining, glabrous ; branches obsoletely tetragonal ; leaves fleshy, oval-oblong, acuminated ; corolla rather fleshy, glabrous outside, bearded inside ; leaflets of corona oval, acute, convex above, with revolute edges. I? . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Hoya, Wall. ascl. no. 37. Brown's Hoya. Shrub twining. 16 H. CARNOSA (R. Br. in wern. soc. mem. 1. p. 27.) twining, glabrous ; stems and branches terete ; leaves fleshy, oval-oblong, acuminated ; umbels pendulous, on short peduncles ; pedicels pilosely pubescent ; corolla fleshy, glabrous outside, but bearded inside; leaflets of corona ovate, acute, drawn out at top, convex above, with revolute edges ; membranes of anthers rather large, hiding the stigma, which is bluntly apiculated ; pollen masses pellucidlymarginateononeside. I?.*"*. S. Native of China, about Canton, as well as the tropical part of Asia. Asclepias carnosa, Lin. suppl. 1. p. 170. Sirns, bot. mag. 788. Smith, exot. bot. 2. p. 21. t. 70. Stapelia Chinensis, Lour. coch. p. 165. Scholiia, crassifolia, Jacq. eclog. no. 2. Schollia carn6sa, Schrank. ex Steudel, nom. Flowers white, or pinkish, waxy as in the other species of the genus, and are much admired. Fleshy, or Common Hoya. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1802. Sh. tw. 17 H. POTSII (Trail, in hort. trans. 7. p. 25. t. 1.) stems slender, greenish brown, unequally covered with warts ; leaves cordate, acuminated, with a rusty stain partly spread over them, pale whitish beneath, light yellowish green above, with 3 princi- pal veins; umbels globose. F? . /"\ S. Native about Macao. Flowers pale yellow, slightly downy, smelling like Heliotrbpium. Corona slightly purple in the centre. Pots' s Hoya. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub tw. 18 H. AUSTRA'LIS (R. Br. mss. ex hort. trans. 7. p. 27.) leaves from elliptic to obovate ; corollas bearded ; leaflets of corona furrowed beneath. Jj . /"\ S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Hoya carnosa, R. Br. prod. p. 460. Flowers white, or pinkish. Southern Hoya. Clt. 1820, Shrub twining. 19 H. CRASSIFOLIA (Haw. suppl. pi. succ. p. 8. exclusive of the synon.) leaves petiolate, obovate, obsoletely spotted, bluntly acuminated, very thick. \i . /'\ S. Native of the East Indies. Leaves 4 inches long, dark green above, and pale beneath. Very like H. carnosa, but the leaves are thicker, more obsoletely spotted. Branches warted, producing roots from the warts. Flowers unknown. Thick-leaved Hoya. Fl. ? Clt. 1817. Shrub tw. 20 H. LANCEOLA'TA (Wall, ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 130. Wall. ascl. no. 36.) twining, glabrous ; stems slender, leafy ; leaves fleshy, lanceolate, acuminated at both ends ; peduncles ASCLEPIADE.E. XXIII. HOYA. 127 few-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; corolla downy inside : with obtuse segments ; leaflets of corona convex above, with recurved edges : having the inner angles elongated, obtuse, and erect, exceeding the apiculated stigma, fj . '"*. S. Native of Nipaul and Silhet. Nearly allied to H. carnosa, but very much smaller. Lanceolate-leaved Hoya. Shrub tw. * * * * Leaflets of corona elongated, triangular. 21 H. LATIFOLIA : twining; leaves broad-ovate, acuminated, obtuse or sub-cordate at the base, 3-nerved, fleshy, glabrous; peduncles many-flowered; segments of corolla obtuse, cuspidate ; leaflets of corona nearly equal in length to the corolla, coriaceous : having the inner angles erect, terete, obtuse ; follicles subulate, slender. Tj.°. S. Native of Penang. H. macrophylla, Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 38. — Wall. ascl. no. 138. unnamed. This is a magnificent plant ; but the specimens from which the character is drawn up was so much mutilated, as to be impossible to say with certainty that it belongs to the genus. Ltares 7-10 inches long, and 4-10 broad. Bread-leaved Hoya. Shrub twining. ***** Corolla 5-parted, flat or reflexed. Segments of corona quite entire on the inner angles. Perhaps specks of Tylophora. 22 H. MACROPHY'LLA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1063.) leaves 3-nerved, ovate or oval-oblong, acuminated, fleshy ; corolla silky inside. tj . *^. S. Native of Java, in calcareous soil, about Kuripan, and at the bottom of Mounts Cede and Salak, where it is called Aroy Kilampahan, and Aroy Kikandel lalakkie. It differs from H. carnosa, in the leaves being nerved, larger, acuminated ; and in the flowers being smaller. Large-leaved Hoya. Fl. year. Shrub tw. 23 H. CORIA'CEA (Blum, bijdr. 1063.) leaves almost veinless, oval, acute or acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous; corolla silky inside. t? . *"*. S. Native of Java, among bushes, at the foot of Mount Salak. Coriaceous-leaved Hoya. Fl. Oct. Shrub tw. 24 H. COROXA'RIA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1063.) leaves veinless, oval, acute, with recurved edges, coriaceous, villous beneath; corollas glabrous. ^ . ^. S. Native of Java, on the mountains and banks about Rompien, where it is called Aroy Kilampahan. Corona Ariadna, Rumph. amb. 5. t. 172. Garland Hoya. Fl. year. Shrub tw. 25 H. LACUNOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1063.) leaves veinless, ovate, acuminated, glabrous, lacunose above, and convex beneath ; corolla revolute, velvety-villous inside ; leaflets of corona with- out furrows beneath. J; . ^. S. Native of Java, about Buiten- zorg, on trees. Lacunose-leaved Hoya. Fl. year. Shrub tw. 26 H. DIVERSIFOLIA (Blum. bijdr. p. 1064.)leaves veinless, oval, acutish, or orbicular, fleshy, glabrous ; corollas silky inside. ^ . '"X S. Native of Java, in calcareous soil, about Kuripan and Batavia. Dicers-leaved Hoya. Fl. year. Shrub tw. * Corolla 5-cleft, reflexed. Stamineous corona tubular at the base ; leaflets of corona quite entire, hating both the in- terior and exterior angles dran-n out a considerable length. 27 H. MULTIFLORA (Blum, bijdr. 'p. 1064.) stem shrubby, climbing ; leaves rather coriaceous, veiny, cuneate-oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, paler beneath ; corolla bearded at the base. fj . ^. S. Native of Java, on the west side, on the mountains, among bushes, where it is called Tjunkankan. Many-flowered Hoya. Fl. year. Shrub tw. * Corolla campanulate, angular, with 5 plaits ; leaflets of corona quite entire, with the inner angles ascending. 28 H. CAMPANULA*! A (Blum, bijdr. p. 106*.) stem shrubby, climbing ; leaves coriaceous, almost veinless, oblong, acumi- nated, glabrous ; corolla campanulate, glabrous. fj . ^. S. Native of Java, with the preceding. Campanu/ate-flowered Hoya. Fl. year. Shrub tw. * Corolla 5-parted, Jlat, or reflexed. Leaflets of corona emarginate on the outer angles. Acanthottemma. Blum, bijdr. p. 1065. 29 H. RU'MPHII (Blum, bijdr. p. 1065.) leaves veinless, ob- long-lanceolate, acuminated, fleshy, glabrous, flat, and paler be- neath ; corolla rather silky inside, fj . '\ S. Native of Java, and the Moluccas, on the mountains. — Rumph. amb. 5. t. 175. II. Var. /3, longifblia (Blum. 1. c.) leaves long-acuminated, with recurved edges ; corolla glabrous. Jj . r\ S. Native of Java, near Tuju, on the mountains of Megamendung. Jlumphius's Hoya. Fl. year. Shrub tw. SO H. PU'BERA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1065.) leaves small, veinless, oval-oblong, acute, fleshy, downy ; corolla hairy inside. V} . /"\ S. Native of the Island of Nusae-Kambanga, on trees by the sea-side. Downy Hoya. Fl. Oct. Nov. Shrub tw. •f The Jloners of the following three sjiecies are unknown ; but, nevertheless, it is probable they belong to the section Hoyae terae. 31 H. FINLAYSONIA^NA (Wight, 1. c.) twining, glabrous ; branches terete ; leaves oblong- lanceolate, bluntly acuminated, reticulated above in the dried state, veinless beneath, on short petioles. T? . ^. S. Native, probably, of Penang. Hoya, Wall. ascl. no 42. Leaves 5-7 inches long, and l-£ broad. Finlaysons Hoya. Shrub twining. 32 H. OBTUSIFOLIA (Wight. 1. c.) twining, glabrous ; leaves fleshy, oval-oblong, obtuse at both ends, cuspidate, shining above, transversely and obscurely veined beneath, in the dried state ; peduncles almost one-half shorter than the leaves, many-flowered. f? . °. S. Native of the East Indies. H6\a, Wall. ascl. no. 38. From the variation of the leaves, this species would appear to rank near H. fusca. Obtuse-leaved Hoya. Shrub tw. 33 H. ANGUSTipbLiA (Trail, in hort. trans. 7. p. 29.) leaves narrow-lanceolate. I; . ^. S. Native of China. Narrow-leaved Hoya. Shrub twining. § 2. Leaves membranous. Leaflets of corona without any furrow beneath, 34 H. VIRIDIFLORA (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 26.) twining; leaves ovate, or cordate, acuminated, membranous, glabrous ; corolla glabrous : with ovate, acutish segments ; leaflets of corona flat above, oboval, very blunt, with the inner angles short and obtuse ; follicles thick, divaricate, obtuse, clothed with rusty mealiness. (7 . rN. S. Native -on the coast of Coro- mandel, frequent ; and at Morang and Gongachora, and Silhet. Wall. ascl. no. 24, exclusive of f. 26. and 60 c, Wight, in Hook. bot. misc. 2. p. 98. suppl. t. 1. Asclepias volubilis, Lin. suppl. 170. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 36. Asclepias viridiflora, Roxb. in. mus. or. t. 611. Apocynum tiliaefolium, Lam. diet. 1. p. 214. — Rheed. mal. 9. t. 15. Flowers green. far. a, alptna (Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 39.) flowers larger ; segments of corolla obtuse, b • r>. S. Wight, cat. no. 1523. b. Wall. ascl. no. 25. Native of the Neel- gherries. Green-Jlowered Hoya. Fl.? Clt. ? Shrub tw. 35 H. LACU'KA (Ham. herb, ex Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. S9.) twining ; leaves between coriaceous and mem- branous, cordate or ovate, acuminated, downy above, and velvety beneath ; segments of corolla obtuse ; leaflets of corona with 128 ASCLEPIADE.E. XXIII. HOYA. XXIV. PTEROSTELMA. XXV. PHYSOSTELMA. XXVI. TYLOPHORA. short, subulate, erect, inner angles. ^ • ^ S. Native of the East Indies, at Korma, Hamilton, and at Segaen, Wall. Ham. herb. no. 770. Wall. ascl. no. 24, f. 146, and 156, without a name. Lakun of the Hindoos. Lakun Hoya. Shrub tw. f • f Species described by Vahl, under the generic name of Sperlingia, which name ought to take precedence of Hoya, being the oldest, which me have still retained, on account of that name being generally received. Both species are probably identical with two of those described above. 36 H. VERTICILLA'TA ; climbing, rooting ; stems terete, gla- brous; leaves 4 in a whorl, petiolate, oblong, acuminated, acute, fleshy, glabrous, veinless ; umbels pedunculate, copious ; pedi- cels compressed, filiform ; segments of corolla triangular, acute at both ends, retusely sub-bicornute outside, on the outer margin : with inflexed, conduplicate edges ; corona a simple star, covering the genitals, having the lobes equal in length to the segments of the corolla, complicate, lanceolate, with an elevated line in the middle, and a corresponding furrow on the opposite side, yellowish, shining ; follicles 6-8 inches long, glabrous. b-^- S. Native of the East Indies. Sperlingia verticillata, Vahl, in act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. 6. p. 113. fVhorled-\eave& Hoya. Shrub twining. 37 H. OPPOSITA ; leaves opposite, fj . ^\ S. Native of the East Indies. Sperlingia opposita, Vahl, 1. c. p. 11 4. Nummu- laria lactea major, Rumph. amb. 5. p. 470. t. 175. f. 1. Very like H. verticillata ; but differs, in the opposite leaves, the nar- rower petioles, which are convex beneath, and concave above ; while, in that species, they are flattened and depressed, almost an inch long, succulent, and articulated at the base. Opposite-leaved Hoya. Shrub twining. Cult, The species of Hoya all bear handsome waxy blossoms, disposed in simple umbels. They grow freely in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and are otherwise easily managed. They are readily propagated by cuitings, in a moist heat. XXIV. PTEROSTE'LMA (from irrtpov, pteron, a wing; and ortXyua, stelma, a crown ; leaflets of corona membranous.) Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 39. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft. Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets membranous, with re- flexed sides : having the inner angles drawn out into subulate, erect teeth. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses erect, fixed by the base to the back of the corpuscles. Stigma apiculated. — A twining ? or decumbent shrub. Leaves oppo- site, oblong, acuminated, fleshy. Flowers rather large. Co- rolla deeply 5-cleft ; with linear-lanceolate segments, and a pilose tube. Margins of the leaflets of the corona conniving, as the wings of butterflies are when sitting. This genus is nearly allied to Hoya, both in habit, and in the structure of the flowers, differing principally, in having foliaceous instead of fleshy leaflets of corona, and in the dorsal not lateral attachment of the pollen masses. 1 P. ACUMINA'TA (Wight, 1. c.) Vj . ^. S. Native of Silhet. — Wall. ascl. no. 129, without a name. Acuminated-\ea.ved Pterostelma. Shrub ? Cult. See Hoya, above, for culture and propagation. XXV. PHYSOSTE'LMA (from 0vopitt>, phoreo, bear; in reference to the ventricose pollen masses). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 28. prod. p. 460. — Hoya species, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 843. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, 5-parted. Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets simple, fleshy : having the inner angles simple and toothless. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses erect, fixed by the base, with simple margins, transverse or ascending, minute, ventricose. Stigma mutic. Follicles smooth, attenuated at the apex, compressed, rather angular on one side. Seeds comose. — Twining herbs or subshrubs. Leaves opposite, membranous, flat. Umbels inter- petiolar, or disposed alternately along a common peduncle. Flowers usually small. The extreme minuteness of the pollen masses renders it diffi- cult to determine the situation this genus ought to occupy in the order. The form of the gynostegium and the leaves of the corona readily distinguish it from every other genus except Iphisia, but which differs in the pendulous pollen masses. As now defined, this genus is quite distinct from Hoya, to which Mr. R. Brown considered it so closely allied. Arnott. and Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 50. § 1. Leaflets of Stamineous corona depressed, fleshy, toothless inside, shorter than the gynostegium. — Species natives of Neni Holt and. 1 T. GRANDIFLORA (R. Br. prod. p. 460.) umbels nearly ses- sile, simple, few-flowered ; pedicels glabrous ; leaves cordate- ovate, acute, and are, as well as the branches, downy. T? . *"*. S. Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson. Hoya gran- diflora, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 843. Great-flowered Tylophora. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1822. Sh. tw. 2 T. BARBA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) umbels usually twin ; common peduncles shorter than the leaves ; corolla bearded ; leaves ovate, acute, quite glabrous. J; . *"\ S. Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson. Hoya barbata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 843. Bearded Tylophora. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1822. Shrub tw. 3 T. FLEXUOSA (R. Br. 1. c.) umbels alternate, sessile; com- mon peduncles flexuous ; leaves cordate-oblong, veiny ; corolla beardless. Pj . ^\ F. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Hoya flexuosa, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 813. Flexuous Tylophora. Shrub tw. 4 T. VELUTINA ; stem twining ; leaves cordate-ovate, acu- minated, tomentose ; flowers cymose ; throat of corolla naked. \l . *"\ S. Native of New Holland. Pergularia velutina, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 844. Velvety Tylophora. Shrub tw. 5 T. PANICULAVTA (R. Br. 1. c.) panicles dichotomous ; seg- ments of corolla ligulate above : leaves ovate, acuminated, smoothish : lower ones subcordate. f? . r^. S. Native of New South Wales, about Port Jackson. Hoya paniculata, Spreng. syst. 843. Panic/ed-fiowereA Tylophora. Shrub tw. § 2. Leaflets of Stamineous corona very blunt, or bluntly ASCLEPIADE£). XXVI. TTLOPHORA. 129 acuminated, destitute of cusps or points inside, shorter than the gynostegium. 6 T. CARNOSA (Wall. ascl. no. 49. Wight, cat. no. 1537. contrib. ind. hot. p. 49.) twining, glabrous ; stems and branches slender ; leaves fleshy, ovate, or subcordate, mucronate, shining, pale beneath ; peduncles flexuous, bearing at the flexures many filiform pedicels ; flowers small ; leaflets of corona fleshy, nearly orbicular ; pollen masses ascending ; stigma convex ; follicles glabrous, usually solitary by abortion, Tj . '"'. S. Native of the Burmese empire, at Amherst; and of Ceylon, at Colombo ; and of the province of Tanjore, in sandy places. Leaves 1-2 inches long, and 6-9 lines broad. Flowers purple inside. l-leshy Tylophora. Shrub tw. ~ T. TENUISSIMA (Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 49.) twining, glabrous ; branches slender ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, somewhat cordate at the base, cuspidate, veinless, with subrevo- lute edges ; peduncles flexuous, bearing many filiform pedicels at the flexures ; flowers small ; leaflets of corona ovate-oblong ; pollen masses ascending ; stigma convex ; follicles diverging, glabrous. (7 . °. S. Native of the peninsula of India, Wight ; Bengal, Roxb. Wight, cat. no. 1538. Asclepias tenuissima, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 41. mus. ind. or. t. 1383. Leaves 2-3 inches long and 3-6 lines broad. There is a variety of this, having the leaves twice the length and much narrower in pro- portion. I't'ry slender Tylophora. Shrub tw. 8 T. PAVCIFLORA (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) twining, glabrous; branches slender ; leaves on longish petioles, broadly ovate, from the base, or somewhat cordate, gradually attenuated to the apex, rather waved on the edges ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, flexuous, bearing filiform, twin, or tern pedicels at the flexures; flowers small; segments of calyx and corolla obtuse; leaflets of corona broad-elliptic, obtuse ; pollen masses ascend- ing ; stigma convex ; follicles glabrous. Jj . *"*. S. Native of the East Indies, at Courtallum, Wight ; northern provinces of Bengal, Royle ; Wight, cat. no. 1539. This species is easily distinguished from the rest by the almost triangular form of the leaves. Fcjr-Jloirered Tylophora. Shrub tw. 9 T. HIRSU'TA (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 49.) twining, downy ; leaves broad-ovate, acuminated ; peduncles about equal in length to the leaves, flexuous, bearing sessile umbels at the flexures ; pedicels filiform ; flowers small ; segments of corolla ovate, obtuse, undulated ; leaflets of corona ovate, somewhat acuminated, obtuse : pollen masses transverse ; stigma obtuse ; follicles slender. ^ . °. S. Native of Nipaul, at Chanda- ghiry, and Sanko. Gymnema hirsutum, Wall. tent. fl. nep. p. 50. ascl. no. 46. Leaves 3-5 inches long, and 2-3 broad. Hairy Tylophora. Shrub tw. 10 T. MOLLISSIMA (Wall, ascl, no. 47. Wight, cat. no. 1540. contrib. ind. hot. p. 49.) twining, downy ; leaves oval, or cor- date-ovate, acuminated, mucronate ; peduncles twice or thrice longer than the leaves, flexuous, bearing sessile umbels at the flexures ; pedicels filiform ; flowers small ; segments of corolla ovate, obtuse, undulated ; leaflets of corona truncate at apex or roundish ; pollen masses transverse ; stigma obtuse ; follicles downy. fj . rv. S. Native of the East Indies, on the Neel- gherry mountains, and on those of Dindygul. Perhaps this is too nearly allied to the preceding, from which it seems to differ principally in the size of the leaves. Leaves 1-2 inches long, and about 1 broad. / ery soft Tylophora. Shrub tw. 11 T. ROTUXDIFOLIA (Hamilt. herb. no. 759. Wall. ascl. no. 120. ex Wight and Arnott, contrib ind. bot. p. 50.) twining, downy ; leaves round or roundish-ovate ; peduncles shorter than VOL. IV. the leaves ; pedicels long, filiform, usually disposed in 2 fascicles near the top of the peduncle ; flowers rather large, glabrous ; leaflets of corona fleshy, short, adnate to the middle of the gynostegium ; pollen masses transverse; stigma obtuse, fj ./"\ S. Native of the East Indies, in elevated fields, east of Camrup and at Dongtala, and Hebora. Leaves about 2 inches broad. Round-hated Tylophora. Shrub tw. 12 T. FASCICULA'TA (Hamilt. herb. no. 758. Wall. ascl. no. 55. Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) erect or twining a little; leaves approximate, ovate, bluntish, rather fleshy, decreasing towards the tops of the branches ; peduncles erect, flexuous, bearing 2-3 few-flowered fascicles at the flexures ; leaflets of corona oblong-ovate, bluntish ; pollen masses transverse ; stigma apiculated. fj . '"'. S. Native of the East Indies. The cor- puscles of the stigma in this species alone are herbaceous, and slightly united, but loose and divaricate at both ends. Leaves 1-2 inches long and 1 broad. Var. a, parciflbra (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) twining a little at top ; flowers minute, fj . /~*. S. Native of the woods of Mithila, atSukanagur. T. fasciculata, Herb. Ham. no. 758. Wall. ascl. no. 55. Var. /3, macrantha (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) root fascicled ; stems woody, erect ; fascicles approximate ; flowers rather large ; segments of corolla ligulate. ^ . S. Native at Neel- gherry. — Wight, cat. no. 1541. Wall, ascl.no. 31. without a name. Fascicled- flowered Tylophora. Shrub tw. or erect. 13 T. LONGIFOLIA (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 50.) twining, glabrous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, rather cordate at the base ; panicles shorter than the leaves, many-flowered, composed of flexuous branches, bearing a small umbel of flowers at each flexure ; segments of corolla obtuse ; leaflets of corona almost one half shorter than the gynostegium, broadly elliptic, obtuse ; pollen masses transverse ; stigma convex. f? . '"X S. Native of Silhet. — Wall. ascl. no. 48. without a name. Leaves 6-8 inches long, and 1-| broad. Long-leaved Tylophora. Shrub tw. 14 T. EXILIS (Colebr. in Lin. trans. 12. p. 358. t. 16. Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 50.) twining, glabrous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated ; panicles rather large, twice or thrice longer than the leaves : having the branches flexuous, bearing umbellate pedicels at the flexures ; segments of corolla acutish ; leaflets of corona broad-elliptic, very obtuse, shorter than the gynostegium ; pollen masses transverse ; stigma api- culated. ^ . ^. S. Native of Silhet. Pergularia exilis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 844. — Wall. ascl. no. 51. unnamed. Leaves 2-3 inches long and 1 broad. Very nearly allied to the pre- ceding species. Thin Tylophora. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub tw. 15 T. MICRA'NTHA (Nouv. ann. mus. 3. p. 377.) glabrous; leaves narrow or ovate-lanceolate, acute, rounded at the base, petiolate ; cymes shorter than the leaves ; calycine segments rounded, with membranous edges, shorter than the corolla ; segments of corolla longish, obtuse ; follicles acuminated, gla- brous. V- . '"'. S. Native of the island of Timor. Small-flowered Tylophora. Shrub tw. 16 T. VILIOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1061.) corollas bearded; umbels usually twin ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, a little cor- date at the base, hairy on both surfaces ; branches sarmentose, villous. f? . ^. S. Native of the west side of Java, on the mountains, where it is called Aroy Katuk. nilous Tylophora. Fl. year. PI. tw. 17 T. CISSIOIDES (Blum, bijdr. p. 1061.) corollas glabrous ; corymbs trichotomous ; pedicels subumbellate ; leaves ovate- oblong, acuminated, rather cordate at the base, smooth. \j . . S. Native of Java, at the foot of Mount Salak. S 130 ASCLEPIADE^E. XXVI. TYLOPHORA. XXVII. BELOSTEMMA. XXVIII. MARSDENIA. Cissus-like Tylophora. Fl. year. PI. tw. 18 T. TE'NUIS (Blum, bijdr. p. 1062.) corollas glabrous; panicles axillary ; pedicels subumbellate ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, sometimes cordate at the base, 3-nerved, glabrous ; follicles very acute. Jj. ^. S. Native on the west coast of Java, at the bottom of mountains. Slender Tylophora. Fl. year. PI. tw. 19 T. RUPE'STRIS (Blum, bijdr. p. 1062.) leaves ovate- cordate, acuminated, quintuple-nerved, glabrous; follicles blunt- ish. ^2 . /'\ S. Native of Java, among the Parang mountains, on rocks. Nearly allied to T. tennis. Rock Tylophora. PI. tw. § 3. Leaflets of stamineous corona rather membranous, finely acuminated, acute, without any cusp or point inside, longer than the gynostegium. 20 T. TENE'RRIMA (Wight, contrib. ind. hot. p. 50.) twining, slender, smoothish ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, attenuated at the apex ; peduncles filiform, much longer than the leaves, bearing distant, 2-3-flowered fascicles ; corolla deeply 5-cleft ; leaflets of corona exceeding the gynostegium, ovate, finely acuminated at the apex ; pollen masses transverse ; stigma obtuse, f; . <>\ S. Native of Nipaul, at Purpuhna ; and the Himalaiah. Homolostyles tenerrima, Wall, ascl no. 96. 118. Leaves 1-2 inches long and 1-4 lines broad. Very tender Tylophora. Shrub tw. § 4. Leaflets of corona depressed, fleshy, clasping the base of the gynostegium, each drawn out into a cusp -formed, erect toothlet at the apex, inside. 21 T. CAPFARIDIFOLIA (Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. hot. p. 51.) twining, glabrous; branches slender; leaves elliptic- oblong, mucronately acuminated, coriaceous, reticulately veined ; racemes umbel-formed, almost sessile, few-flowered ; flowers small ; segments of corolla obtuse, glabrous ; leaflets of corona roundish, fleshy, furnished on the inside at the apex with a short, acute toothlet. tj . r*. S. Native of Mysore. Wight, cat. no. 1542. Asclepias tenuis, Heyne, herb. Wall. ascl. no. 122. Leaves 1£ to 2 inches long, and 5-7 lines broad. Capparis-leaved Tylophora. Shrub tw. 22 T. PURPU'REA (Wall. ascl. no. 50. ex Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 51.) twining, glabrous ; branches slender; leaves subcordate-oblong, mucronately acuminated ; peduncles filiform, about equal in length to the leaves, bearing each 2-3 small fascicles of flowers ; segments of corolla acute ; leaflets of corona roundish, clasping the base of the gynostegium, fur- nished with a short toothlet inside at the apex ; pollen masses transverse ; stigma obtuse. I? . r\ S. Native on the banks of the Irrawaddi. Purple Tylophora. Shrub tw. 23 T. ASTHMA'TICA (Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 51.) twining, downy ; branches slender; leaves ovate-roundish, acuminated, usually cordate at the base, glabrous above, downy beneath; peduncles shorter than the leaves, bearing each 2-3 sessile, few-flowered umbels towards the apex ; flowers rather large, on long pedicels, purplish ; segments of corolla acute ; leaflets of corona fleshy, depressed, clasping the base of the gynostegium, furnished with an erect, elongated tooth inside at the apex ; pollen masses transverse, minute ; stigma obtuse ; follicles glabrous, divaricate. Tj . /'\ S. Native of the East Indies. Asclepias asthmatica, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 33. Willd. spec. p. 1270. Asclepias tunicata, Wall. ascl. no. 117. Ascl. vomitoria, Kcenig. in herb. Banks. Roxb. mus. ind. or. t. 608. Cynanchum ipecacuanha, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1270. Cynan- chum vomitorium, Lam. diet. 2. p. 235. Cynanchum viridi- florum, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1929. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 852. 12 Hoya planiflora, Wall. ascl. no. 1 1 7. b. V. Tylophora pubescens, Wall. ascl. no. 117. a., also Wall. ascl. nos. 119. 121. 148. unnamed. — Pluk. t. 336. f. 7. This plant is said to have been figured as Hoya viridiflora in some foreign work. The roots are used on the coast of Coromandel as a substitute for Ipeca- cuanha. Var. a, pubescens (Wight, 1. c.) downy in every part, except the upper surfaces of the leaves. Var. ft, glabra (Wight, 1. c.) glabrous in every part. Asthmatic Tylophora. Shrub tw. 24 T. TOMENTOSA ; twining, tomentose ; leaves cordate, ovate, mucronate, white from tomentum beneath ; umbels about 5-flowered. ^ . ^\ S. Native of the East Indies. Cynan- chum toment6sum, Lam. diet. 1. p. 235. Perhaps belonging to the present section. Tomentose Tylophora. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see ffoya, p. 128. XXVII. BELOSTE'MMA (from fteXog, bclos, an arrow, and trnpfia, stcmma, a crown). Wall. mss. ascl. no. 153. Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 52. LIN. SYST. Pent&ndria, Digynia. Corolla rotate. Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets linear-oblong, fleshy, fixed vertically to the middle of the gynostegium, averse, spreading. Anthers ter- minated by a membrane ; pollen masses globose, rather ascending, or placed transversely under the dilated margin of the stigma ; stigma mutic. — Twining, loosely downy shrubs. Leaves oppo- site, cordate, ovate, somewhat acuminated. Peduncles shorter than the leaves. Umbels simple, few-flowered. Flowers small. This genus differs only from Tylophora in the form of the corona ; in that the leaflets are close pressed on the gynoste- gium ; in this they appear as if attached by the one end, and stand at right angles with the gynostegium, and transversely across the corolla. 1 B. HIRSU'TUM (Wall. 1. c.). J? . ^. S. Native of Nipaul. Hairy Belostemma. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Hoya, p. 128. XXVIII. MARSDE'NIA (named in honour of William Marsden, F.R.S. late Secretary to the Admiralty, and author of a " History of Sumatra," in which, though it is evident that he has not made botany his particular study, he has had the merit of turning the attention of botanists to several valuable plants, among others to the camphor tree of Sumatra (Dryobalanops camphora), and to a species of this genus, the Marsdenia tinc- tbria, said to afford the best indigo in that island). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 28. prod. p. 460. — Pergularia species, Spreng. syst. 1. pp. 843, 844. LIN. SYST. Pent&ndria, Digynia. Corolla urceolate, 5- cleft, sometimes rotate. Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets compressed, undivided, toothless inside. Anthers terminated by a membrane. Pollen masses erect, fixed by the base. Follicles smooth. Seeds comose. — Usually twining shrubs. Leaves opposite, broaclish, flat. Cymes interpetiolar, sometimes thyrsoid. Stigma usually mutic, but sometimes beaked ; beak undivided or bifid. — Plants natives of New Holland, East Indies ; very few in South America and Syria. This genus differs from Pergularia chiefly in the want of the inner laciniae to the corona ; it is therefore an arbitrary separation, and made principally to obtain clearer characters for both. The two species with an elongated stigma are perhaps not truly of the genus, but if separated from it must form each a distinct genus. R. Br. SECT. I. MARSDE'NLK VE'R*. Stigma mutic, or apiculated. $ 1. Throat of corolla naked. 1 M. VELUTINA (R. Br. in wern. soc. mem. 1. p. 29. prod. ASCLEPIADE.E. XXVIII. MARSDEMA. 131 4-61.) stem twining, leaves cordate, broad-ovate, acuminated, tomentose, soft ; cymes umbel-formed ; throat of corolla naked ; stigma mutic. 1? .' ^. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Veltety Marsdenia. Shrub tw. 2 M. BRCXOMA'.VA (Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 40.) twining, glabrous ; leaves broad-cordate, acuminated ; peduncles shorter than the petioles ; flowers cymose, largish, glabrous ; segments of corolla obtuse ; leaflets of corona atte- nuated, about equal in length to the gynostegium ; stigma bluntly apiculated. 1- . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, near Columala. — Wight, cat. no. 1524. The cymes are small ; but the flowers are the largest of the genus. Bron-ns Marsdenia. Shrub tw. 3 M. FLAVESCE.VS (Cunningh. in bot. mag. t. 3289.) twining ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, somewhat undulated, gla- brous above, but clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; pedun- cles twice the length of the petioles ; cymes many-flowered ; corolla sub-rotate ; stigma mutic. fj . ^. S. Native of New Holland, on the sea-shore. Flowers yellowish. Stamineous co- rona of 5 fleshy teeth, united to the back of the anthers, which latter are diaphanous at the extremity. Stigma flat. re/forwA-flowertd Marsdenia. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1823. Shrub tw. $ 2. Throat of corolla at rcell at the tube bearded. Hairt of the tube disposed in 5 reflexed fascicles. 4 M. TINCTORIA (R. Br. 1. c.) stems twining; leaves cordate- ovate, or oblong-acuminated, smoothish, furnished with a gland towards the base abo'-e : thyrse lateral; throat of corolla bearded ; flowers small ; leaflets of corona about equal in length to the gynostegium, subulate ; stigma mutic. J? . '"'. S. Native of Sumatra, Silhet, and Prome. Faroom-akkar, Marsd. sumat. p. 78. Pergularia tinctoria, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 844. Asclepias tinctoria, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 43. mus. ind. or. t. 615. M. monostachya, Wall. mss. Flowers numerous, small, yellow. The leaves yield more and better indigo than Indigofera tinc- toria ; and Dr. Roxburgh has recommended an extensive culti- vation of it. Dyers' MarsJenia, or Sumatra Indigo. Shrub tw. 5 M. viRiDiFLORA (R. Br. 1. c. p. 30. prod. 461.) stems twining ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, smoothish, obtuse at the base ; tube of corolla villous inside. > . /"\ S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Pergularia viridiflora, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 844-. Green-florrered Marsdenia Shrub tw. 6 M. HAMILTOSII (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 41.) twining, glabrous ; leaves cordate-oblong, acuminated ; cymes subcapi- tate, many-flowered, shorter than the petioles ; flowers small ; tube of corolla ventricose, closed by hairs ; leaflets of corona longer than the gynostegium, tapering at the apex ; pollen masses oblong, fixed bv minute corpuscles ; stigma apiculated. 1} . r^. S. Native of the East Indies, at Sukanagur. Cynan- chum, Wall. ascl. no. 84. C. reticulaturn, Ham. herb. no. 750. Hamilton's Marsdenia. Shrub tw. 7 M. ROTH ii ; leaves roundish -oval, obtuse, glabrous, as well as the stems, which are twining ; corymbs axillary, dicho- tomous, hairy : corollas tomentose inside. Tj . /0>. S. Native of the East Indies. Asclepias plicata, Roth. nov. spec. Co- rolla black, beset with scattered hairs outside, and clothed with greyish tomentum inside ; hardly a line in diameter. Roth's Marsdenia. Shrub tw. 8 M. CLAU'SA (R. Br. 1. c. p. 30.) stem twining ; leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, glabrous, wrinkled a little above ; throat of corolla densely bearded. 1- . ^. S. Native of Ja- maica. Pergularia clausa, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 844. C&M«f-flowered Marsdenia. Shrub tw. 9 M. SCAVE'OLENS (R. Br. 1. c.) stem erectish ; leaves oval- lanceolate, glabrous, veinless ; corolla with a ventricose tube, and a bearded throat. \ . ^. S. Native of New Holland, without the tropic. Rudge, in Lin. trans. 10. p. 299. t. 21. f. 1. Ker. bot. reg. t. 489. Pergularia suaveolens, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 843. Panicles axillary, 6-8-flowered. Calycine segments ciliated. Filaments broad, inserted beneath a 5- toothed conical nectarium, ex Rudge. Flowers white. Sneet-scented-BovreTed Marsdenia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 10 M. CIXERA'SCESS (R. Br. 1. c.) stem erect ; leaves ovate, bluntish, veiny, beset with a little scattered down, petiolate, half an inch long ; corolla subrotate. Jj . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Pergularia cinerascens, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 844. Greyish Marsdenia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. § 3. Tube of corolla downy inside. 1 1 M. ROYLEI (Wight et Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 40.) twining, tomentose ; leaves broad-cordate or ovate, acuminated ; cymes shorter than the leaves ; calyx hairy ; corolla hairy inside : throat crowned by 5 plicae, which are opposite the sinuses; leaflets of corona much longer than the gynostegium, filiform at top ; stigma bluntly apiculated. ^ . /"\ S. Native of Kenour, Royle ; Simla, Countess of Dalhousie. M. velu- tlna, Royle, herb., but not of R. Br. The plicae at the bottom of the recesses, between the segments of the corolla, almost resemble thickish scales. Royle's Marsdenia. Shrub tw. 12 M. ASGLSTIFOLIA (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 40.) twin- ing, much branched ; stem, branches, and peduncles downy ; leaves almost sessile, lanceolate, glabrous in the adult state ; cymes twin, few-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; leaflets of corona shorter than the gynostegium ; stigma truncate, fj . ^. S. Native on hills at Prome. Marsdenia, Wall. ascl. no. 58. — Rumph, amb. 5. t. 40. f. 1. ? Narrow-leaved Marsdenia. Shrub tw. § 4. Throat of corolla naked ; tube sparingly pilose. Leaflets of corona broadish, truncate or bifid at the apex ; bearing each, near the base, one acuminated lobe, and another keel-formed one. Cymes large, spreading, many-faltered ; flowers rather large. — This section may eventually form a distinct genus. 13 M. CALESIA'XA (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 41.) twining, downy; leaves cordate, or cordate-ovate, acuminated, tomen- tose on both surfaces ; cymes large, many-flowered ; segments of corolla narrow, acute, with revolute edges ; leaflets of the corona deeply bifid: one of the lobes is longer than the other, lying upon the anthers, the other shorter and keeled towards the base ; stigma apiculated. *j . *"*. S. Native of the East Indies, at Morang. Pergularia Calesiana, Ham. herb. Wall, ascl. no. 57. e. Cales's Marsdenia. Shrub tw. 14 M. TESAcissiJCA (W'ight and Arnott. contrib. ind. bot. p. 41.) twining ; leaves cordate, acuminated, tomentose on both surfaces ; cymes large ; segments of corolla broad, obtuse ; leaflets of corona broad, truncate, and nearly entire at the apex, or bifurcate ; stigma bluntly apiculated. ^ . /<\ S. Native of the East Indies, on the hills of Rajemahl and Chittagong. Asclepias tenacissima, Roxb. cor. 3. p. 35. t. 240. fl. ind. 2. p. 31. mus. ind. orient, t. 1381. Asclepias tomentosa, Herb. madr. Asclep. echinata, Herb. madr. Gymnema tenacissimum, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 844. Flowers greenish yellow. Corollas salver-shaped; segments greenish towards the centre, with the outer half s 2 132 ASCLEPIADE,E. XXVIII. MARSDENIA. XXIX. COSMOSTIGMA. XXX. HETEROSTEMMA. XXXI. PERGULARIA. yellow. Leaves 4-6 inches long and 3-4 broad. Follicles ovate-lanceolate, downy, green, 6 inches long, and 4-5 in cir- cumference.— The bark of the young luxuriant shoots yields a large portion of beautiful fine silky fibre, with which the mountaineers of Rajemahl make their bow-strings, on account of their great strength and durability. Their fibres, and those of the bark of a Malay plant (Batha-calay, or poolas, the Urtica tenacissima, Roxb.) are much stronger in the fibre than hemp, and even exceeding those of Sanseveria Zeyldnica, Roxb. A line made of common hemp for a standard, broke with 150 Ibs. when dry, and 190 Ibs. when wet, the average of several trials. A similar line, of this substance, broke with 248 Ibs. when dry, and 343 when wet, while that of Urtica tenacissima broke witli 240 when dry, and 278 when wet. Very tough Marsdenia. Clt. 1806. Shrub tw. SECT. II. NEPHRA'NDRA (from veOQ, nepkos, a kidney, and avr)p avdpoc, aner andros, a male ; shape of anthers). Stigma beaked. Anthers kidney-shaped. 15 M. ERE'CTA (R. Br. 1. c. p. 31.) stem erect; leaves cor- date, ovate, acute ; cymes umbel-formed ; segments of the limb of the corolla beardless, 4-5 times longer than the tube. T? . G. Native of Syria. Cynanchum ereczum, Lin. hort. cliff. 79. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1158. Jacq. hort. t. 38. Per- gularia erecta, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 844. — Kniph. cent. 7. no. 19. Apocynum, Clus. 1. p. 124. Leaves pale green, glaucescent. Flowers numerous, white, sweet-scented, ex Jacq. Erect Marsdenia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1597. Sh. 3 to 6 ft. 16 M. ROSTRA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) stem twining; leaves ovate, subcordate, acuminated, glabrous ; umbels many-flowered ; limb of corolla bearded. I? . rN. G. Native of New Holland, without the tropic. Pergularia rostrata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 844. This species differs from all the preceding in the pollen masses being reniform, nearly transverse, fixed by the extremity, more remote from the corpuscles of the stigma. Beaked Marsdenia. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133. XXIX. COSMOSTl'GMA (from icoir/ioc, kosmos, decked ; and ariypa, a stigma ; in reference to the stigma being adorned by a narrow wing). Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 41. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla rotate. Sta- mineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets compressed, bifid. Anthers ventricose, terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses erect, fixed by the base to the corpuscles of the stigma, hanging by long retinacula. Stigma mutic, crowned by a repand, flexuous, nar- row wing. Follicles large, linear-oblong, obtuse, smooth. Seeds comose. — Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite, membranous. Co- rymbs usually twin, on long peduncles. Flowers small. This genus has been separated from Marsdenia on account of the very beautiful and peculiar stigma; the cleft leaflets of the co- rona allies it to the last section of that genus. 1 C. RACEM6SA (Wight, 1. c. p. 42.). J; . ^. S. Native of Silhet and Chittagong. Asclepias racemosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 32. mus. ind. or. t. 1818. Nerium piscitlium, Wall. cat. no. 59. but not of Roxb. Racemoxe- flowered Comostigma. Shrub tw. Cult. See Pergularia, p. 133, for culture and propagation. XXX. HETEROSTE'MMA (from tVtpoc, heteros, variable, and vrepfia, stemma, a crown ; the corona in each of the species has a form peculiar to itself). Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 42. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, 5-parted. Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets dilated, furnished each with a process inside. Anthers lying upon the stigma, terminated by a membrane; pollen masses erect, obsoletely tetragonal, pellucid on one side. Follicles smooth. Seeds comose. — Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite, furnished above the base with a small gland. Umbels small, interpetiolar, on short peduncles. The corona being variable in the species of this j;enus, the principal distinction rests in the form and structure of the pollen masses, which resemble those of Stapelia, and the allied genera. 1 H. TANJORE'NSIS (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) twining, gla- brous ; leaves broadly ovate or oblong, short-acuminated, ob- tuse or cordate at the base ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, few-flowered ; leaflets of corona spreading, broad, truncate, furnished with a tongue-formed process inside ; follicles diva- ricate, slender, glabrous, hooked at the apex. >; . /"\ S. Na- tive of the East Indies, in the province of Tanjore, in sand. Stapelia involucrata, herb. madr. Leaves 2-4 inches long, and 1-2 broad. Tanjore Heterostemma. Shrub tw. % H. WALLICHII (Wight, 1. c.) twining; branches having a downy, lateral line on both sides ; leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles very short, few -flowered ; leaflets of corona much dilated, obcordate, furnished with an erect, fleshy process inside, lying upon the eynostegium. I? . *"\ S. Na- tive of Nipaul, on Sheopore. Wall. ascl. no. 154. without a name. Leaves 4-8 inches long, and 2-3 broad. Wallich's Heterostemma. Shrub tw. 3 H. ALA'TA (Wight, 1. c.) twining; branches having a downy line on both sides ; leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; umbels few-flowered, almost sessile ; leaflets of corona cuspidate, fur- nished with a subulate tooth on the back, and a gland-formed process inside ; follicles slender, glabrous, divaricate. 17 . r*. S. Native of Nipaul, and Massooree. Hoya alata, Wall, asclep. no. 136. Leaves 2-5 inches long, and 1-3 broad. Winged Heterostemma. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133. XXXI. PERGULA'RIA (from pergula, an arbour ; twining plants, fit for covering arbours). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 31. Blum, bijdr. p. 1055. Pergularia species, Lin. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Corolla salver-shaped, with an urceolate tube. Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets compressed, undivided at top, and furnished each with a little segment inside. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses erect, fixed by the base. Stigma mutic. Follicles ven- tricose, smooth Seeds comose. — Twining plants, with broad membranous leaves ; interpetiolar cymes, of yellowish, sweet- scented flowers, for which they are cultivated in China and the East Indies. Throat of corolla usually hairy. 1 P. ODORATISSIMA (Roxb. and Smith, icon. pict. p. 16.) leaves cordate, acuminated, soft, downy ; umbels shorter than the leaves ; calycine segments shorter than the tube of the corolla, which is woolly inside ; corona shorter than the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla short, obtuse. ^ . r^. S. Native of China, Cochinchina, and Sumatra, where it is called West coast creeper by the English. Andr. bot. rep. t. 185. Pergularia minor, Sims, bot. mag. 755. Perg. tomentosn, Lin. mant. 53. Cynanchum odoratissimum, Lour. coch. p. 164. Flos Siamicus, Rumph. amb. 6. p. 58. t. 26. f. 1. The Malay name of the shrub is Tonki or Tonkin. Bark corky ; young branches downy. Leaves rather downy while young, 4 inches long and 3 broad. Flowers middle-sized, greenish yellow, ex- ceedingly fragrant. Seeds surrounded by a membranous rind, and ending in a long tuft of hairs. Sweet-scented Pergularia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1784. Sh. tw. 2 P. ACCE'DENS (Blum, bijdr. p. 1056.) leaves ovate, or oval- ASCLEPIADE.E. XXXI. PERGCLAHIA. XXXII. DI&CHIDIA. 133 oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base : having the margins and veins downy ; cymes pedunculate, twin ; calycine segments obtuse, shorter than the tube of the corolla. \j . *"\ S. Native of Java, Sumatra, Madura, &-c., by the sea side. It differs from P. odoratissima in the leaves never being cordate. Approaching Pergularia. Fl. year. Shrub tw. 3 P. MI.SOR (Andr. bot. rep. 184.) leaves cordate, obtuse; with an acumen, downy while young ; umbels shorter than the leaves ; calycine segments about equal in length to the tube of the corolla. ^ . *"\ S. Native of the East Indies. Curt. bot. mag. 755. ? Tratt. tab. 713. P. odoratissima, var. Smith, icon. pict. 3. p. 16. This is probably only a small variety of the first species, the leaves are rounder, with a more slender recurved acumen ; and the corollas orange-coloured or yellow, but also very fragrant ; and the segments of the corolla are blunter and shorter. Leaves 1 } inch broad, and the same in length. Smaller Pergularia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub tw. 4 P. PARVIFLORA ^ Blum, bijdr. p. 1056.) leaves subcordate- ovate, acute, downy on the margins and veins beneath ; unibel- lules pedunculate ; calycine segments obtuse, shorter than the tube of the corolla. Jj . ^. S. Native of Java, about Kuri- pan, in calcareous soil. Small-Jioirered Pergularia. Fl. May, July. Shrub tw. 5 P. VILLOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1057.) leaves subcordate-oval, acute, very soft beneath ; umbellules simple ; segments of calyx acute, shorter than the tube of the corolla. 1? . °. S. Native of Java, on mount Parang, in the province of Tjanjor. Ullous Pergularia. Fl. July. Shrub tw. 6 P. PA'LLIDA ; branches downy ; leaves oblong-cordate, acuminated, smooth ; umbels simple cr compound, on short peduncles, many-flowered ; corona length of tube, but the calycine segments are shorter; segments of corolla narrow, with revolute edges ; tube glabrous inside. Jj . *"\ S. Native of the East Indies, at Gongachora and Munghir; and Penang. Asclepias pallida, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 48. P. limbata, Wall, ascl. p. 61. P. viridis, Ham. herb. Young shoots beset with small recurved hairs. Leaves 4 inches long, and 1-2 broad. Petioles, pedicels, and peduncles villous. The flowers are pale yellow, and no: fragrant, or in a very slight degree. The length and narrowness of the segments of the corolla, and want of fragrance, seem to be the most obvious marks by which this can be distinguished from P. odoratissima. Pafe-yellow-flowered Pergularia. Shrub tw. 7 P. SASGUISOLE NTA (Lindl. in hort. trans. 6. p. 72. Sims, bot. mag. 2532.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, quite glabrous ; cymes many-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; segments of corolla acuminated, obtuse. Jj . ^. S. Native of Sierra Leone. Plant trailing, full of blood-coloured juice. Corollas greenish yellow. Bloody-juiced Pergularia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1822. Sh. tw. 8 P. PURPI/REA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 44. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1 24S.) leaves cordate, acuminated, glabrous ; umbels proliferous, shorter than the leaves ; corolla with a villous throat, and narrow segments. Ij . ^\ S. Native of the East Indies and China. Asclepias cordata, Burm. ind. p. 72. t. 27. f. 2. Branches rather villous. Pedicels and calyx downy. Flowers purple ? Purph -flowered Pergularia. Shrub tw. 9 P. ? JAPOXICA (Thunb. jap. 111. Willd. 1. c.) leaves cor- date, glabrous ; umbels simple ; calycine segments shorter than the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla obtuse, spreadingly reflexed. ^ . ^\ S. Native of Japan. Stems glabrous. Leaflets of corona 5, subsagittate, erect, compressed, each furnished with a tooth outside. Stigma ending in a long thread. Perhaps a distinct genus, from the stigma terminating in a thread. Japan Pergularia. Shrub tw. 10 P.? EDU'LIS (Thunb. prod. p. 38. fl. cap. 2. p. 151. act. nov. petrop. t. 14.) stem herbaceous, filiform, twining; leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; pedicels capillary, aggregate ; root large, succulent, sire of a human head. 17 . Tf.. ^. S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Karro. Plant glabrous, with alternate branches. Leaves green above and pale beneath. Corolla an inch long. The root is eaten by the Hottentots. Perhaps a species of Ceropegia. Edible-rooted Pergularia. PL tw. N. B. What is Pergularia lucida and P. angustifblia, Fisch. hort. gorenki ? Cult. The greater number of the species of this genus are much valued for the fragrance of their flowers, and are well adapted to training up rafters or trellis work, in stoves or con- servatories. They grow well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and cuttings strike root readily in heat, under a hand- glass. XXXII. DISCHI'DIA (from fie, da, twice, and 0*4*, tckizo, to cut ; in reference to the bifid leaflets of the corona). R. Br. in wern. soc. mem. I. p. 32. prod. 461. Blum, bijdr. p. 1059. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Corolla urceolate, 5- cleft. Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets bifid : segments subulate, spreading, recurved at apex. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses erect, fixed by the base. Stigma mutic. Follicles smooth. Seeds comose. — Herbs hanging, pe- rennial, lactescent, besprinkled with white mealiness. Nati-. es of the East Indies, especially of the Moluccas ; and of New Holland, parasitical on trees. Stems rooting at the joints. Leaves opposite, roundish, thick, fleshy. Flowers small, sub- umbellate, usually white. 1 D. BEKGALE'KSIS (Colebr. in Lin. trans. 12. p. 357. t. 15. Hook. bot. mag. 2916.) plant yellowish green, glabrous, fleshy; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 2-edged, flat ; umbels few-flowered, from alternate axils, on short peduncles ; corollas small, ur- ceolate. Ij . S. Native of Silhet, on trees. D. lanceolaia Wall. ascl. no. 62. Bengal Dischidia. FL Sept. Clt. 1818. PL creep. 2 D. CCXEIFOLIA (Wall. 1. c.) leaves cuneated, subretusely cuspidate, much attenuated at the base, and are, as well as the branches, scurfy, fj . S. Native of the Burmese empire, on the banks of the river Attram, on trees. Nearly allied to D. Bengalensis. Cuneo/e-leaved Dischidia. Shrub creep. 3 D. RAFFLESIA'XA (WTall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 35. t. 184.) leaves roundish-ovate ; ascidia or reservoirs crowded, pen- dulous, petiolate, oblong-ovate, angular, obtuse, large ; lobes of corona oblong, obtuse, incurved ; follicles smooth. ^ . S. Native of Singapore ; also of Malacca and Salongohr, upon trees. A fleshy, pale green, glaucous plant. Umbels axillary. Corollas pale yellow. Raffles'* Dischidia. Shrub creep. 4 D. CLAVA'TA (Wall. 1. c. p. 36.) leaves roundish-ovate ; ascidia or reservoirs crowded, pendulous, almost sessile, cylin- drically clavate, arched, marginate, bluntly cuspidate ; lobes of stamineous corona oblong, obtuse, incurved ; follicles downy. Jj . S. Native of the Burmese empire, on the banks of the river Attram, in Martaban, near Assannee, on trees. Habit and mode of growth that of D. Rafflfsidna, but the reservoirs are of a different form. Clatate Dischidia. Shrub creep. 5 D. SCMMULA'RIA (R. Br. prod. p. 461. Blum, bijdr. 1059.) fleshy; stem roughish ; leaves roundish-ovate, mucro- nulate, convex on both surfaces, mealy beneath ; umbellules on short peduncles ; segments of corona subulate. fj . S. Na- tive of the Ea^t Indies, Java, and the Moluccas ; also of New Holland, at Endeavour River, creeping upon trees. Col- 134 ASCLEPIADE^E. XXXII. DISCHIDIA. XXXIII. LEPTOSTEMMA. XXXIV. TRIPLOSPEBMA. XXXV. HARRISONIA. lyris minor, Valil. act. soc. liist. nat. hafn. 6. p. 111. ? — Rumph. amb. 5. t. 176. f. 1. Moneyn>ort-\eaved Dischidia. Fl. year. Clt. ? PI. creep. 0 D. TIMORIE'NSIS (Nouv. ann. mus. 3. p. 377. t. 17.) leaves roundish-ovate, on short petioles ; ascidia nearly sessile, oblong, a little arched, flattened, pendulous at the base of the branches; lobes obtuse, violaceous, downy inside ; lobes of corona linear, arched, reflexed. Fj . S. Native of the island of Timor. Timor Dischidia. PI. creeping. 7 D. WALI.ICHII (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 43.) fleshy, §labrous ; leaves orbicular, hardly mealy. Tj . S. Native of ingapore. Wall. ascl. no. 64. — Rumph. amb. 5. t. 176. f. 2. Perhaps this is Colly ris minor, Valil, in which he says the leaves are oblong-ovate. Jl'alKch's Dischidia. Shrub creeping. 8 D. RHOMBIFOLIA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1059.) stem glabrous : leaves rhomb-ovate, obtuse, flat above and convex beneath ; umbels en short peduncles ; segments of corona linear, blunt. 1? . S. Native of Java, in woods on mounts Salak, Cede, and Burangrang, upon trees. Rhomb-leaved Dischidia. Fl. year. PI. creeping. 9 D. SPATULA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1060.) stem glabrous; leaves spatulate, convex on both surfaces, rather mealy ; um- bellules nearly sessile ; segments of the crown lanceolate. I? . S. Native of the island of Nusae-Kambanga, by the sea side, creeping upon trees. Spatttlate-leaved Dischidia. Fl. year. PL creeping. 10 D. COCHLEA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1060.) stem downy; leaves roundish, convex above and wrinkled, concave beneath ; umbellules on short peduncles ; segments of corona obtuse, inflexed. T; . S. Native of the island of Nusse-Kambanga, creeping on the trunks of trees, by the sea shore. Spoon -leaved Dischidia. Fl. year. PL creeping. Cult. Vegetable mould is the best soil for the species of Dischidia; and they are easily increased by separating the rooted shoots. XXXIII. LEPTOSTE'MMA (from X«rroe, leptos, narrow ; and v\\oi',phyllon, a leaf; leaves convex above.) Blum. bijdr. p. 10UO.— Collyris, Vahl. act. hafn. 6. p. 109. ASCLEPIADE^E. XXXVI. CONCHOPHYLLCM. XXXVII. GYMSEMA. 135 LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx small, 5-toothed. Corolla sub-globose, with a bearded throat ; segments of the limb short. Stamineous crown, inclosed, 5-angled, inappendi- culate outside. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses erect, fixed by the base. Stigma mutic. Follicles smooth. Seeds comose. — Herbs rooting on trees. Leaves opposite, somewhat imbricate, fleshy, roundish-cordate, emargi- nate, of a different colour beneath, convex and rather wrinkled above, and veinless beneath. Umbellules twin, pedunculate, interpetiolar. 1 C. IMBRICA'TUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 1061.) J; . S. Native of the island of Nusfe-Kambanga, on the sea shore. Dischidia ? Collyris, Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 36. — Colly ris major, Vahl, in act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. 6. p. 111. — Rumph. amb. 5. t. 175. f. 3. bad. /wfericfl/erf-leaved Conchophyllum. Fl. Nov. PI. creeping. Cult. For culture and propagation see Dischidia, p. 134. XXXVII. G YMNE'M A (from yw/iyoc, gymnos, naked ; and V7)jua, nema, a filament ; the Stamineous corona being absent, the filaments are left naked.) R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 33. prod. p. 461. Lis. SYST. Pentandria, Monogy'n'ta. Corolla sub-urceolate, 5-cleft; throat usually crowned by 5 scales, or teeth, inserted in the recesses between the segments of the corolla. Stamineous corona wanting. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses erect, fixed by the base. Follicles smooth. Seeds comose, generally marginate. — Usually twining shrubs, natives of the East Indies ; tropical parts of New Holland, and Equinoxial Africa. Leaves opposite, membranous, flat. Umbels interpe- tiolar, cymose. In the greater number of the species, the sta- mens are not usually naked, but are furnished with a gland-like body, or fleshy tuft, at the base of each filament. * § 1 . Tube of corolla pilose inside ; throat crowned by 5 df cur- rent toothlels or scales. 1 G. LACTIFERUM (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 57. ex R. Br. 1. c.) glabrous ; stem erect, or twining a little, simple ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, bluntly acuminated, usually unequal- sided ; umbels many-flowered, shorter than the petioles ; throat of small corolla crowned by 5 fleshy tubercles ; tube furnished with double pilose lines, running from the tubercles. ^ . S. Native of Ceylon. Asclepias lactifera, Lin. spec. 314. fl. zeyl. 111. — Burm. zeyl. p. 24. The milk of the plant is substituted for cow's milk, where that is scarce ; and the leaves are boiled with food, ex Burm. Very nearly allied to G. sylvestre. Milk-bearing Gymnema. Shrub. 2 G. SYLVE'STRE (R. Br. prod. I.e.) twining; clothed with soft down in every part except the upper surfaces of the leaves ; leaves from oval, attenuated at the base and apex, to ovate or cordate, acute ; peduncles equal in length to the petioles ; um- bels twin, sub-capitate, many-flowered ; flowers small ; stigma bluntly conical, much longer than the stamens ; follicles slender, attenuated, glabrous. \j . ^. S. Native of the Peninsula of India, frequent in China and Ceylon. Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. hot. p. 44. G. parviflorum, Wall. tent. fl. nep. p. 50. Pewp'.oca sylvestris, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1252. phyt. 1. p. 7. t. 5. f. 3. Asclepias geminata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 45. Segments of corolla ovate, acute. Scales in the throat long and thick. Hypogynous scales linear, obtuse, covering the genitals. If'tld Gymnema. Shrub tw. 3 G. GEMIXA'TUM (R. Br. prod. p. 462.) leaves ovate, smoothish; branchlets downy'; peduncles shorter than the pe- tioles ; umbels twin ; corolla with a crowned throat, and pilose tube. ^ . '"\ S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic, on the sea-shore. TVin-umbelled Gymnema. Shrub tw. 4 G. HIRSU'TCM (Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. hot. p. 44.) twining, much branched ; young branches, and under surfaces of leaves clothed with hairy tomentum ; leaves downy above, from broad-ovate to narrow-oblong, acuminated ; peduncles shorter than the petioles ; umbels sub-capitate ; flowers small. f? . *"\ G. Native of the Neelgherry mountains. Wight, cat. no. 1531. Wall. ascl. no. 70. This may eventually prove a variety of G. lactiferum. Hairy Gymnema. Shrub tw. 5 G. MOLLE (Wall. ascl. no. 72. b. 145. 151. Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 45.) twining ; young branches clothed with soft pubescence ; leaves from broad-cordate to ovate, acuminated, clothed with soft down beneath, smoothish above ; umbels capitate, almost sessile ; flowers small ; stigma truncate, hardly higher than the stamina ; follicles short, broad at the base, and gradually tapering to the apex, velvety. Fj . ^\ S. Native of the Burman Empire, on the banks of the Irrawaddi. Soft Gymnema. Shrub tw. 6 G. ACIJMINA'TUM (Wall. tent. fl. nep. p. 50.) twining; bark of stem corky ; young branches rather tomentose ; leaves oval- oblong, acuminated, glabrous above, and tomentose beneath, at length almost naked ; peduncles shorter than the petioles ; um- bels sub-capitate ; flowers small ; scales of the throat exserted, one half shorter than the segments ; follicles thick at the base, conical, short, woody, coriaceous, at length glabrous, 2 inches long, and 6-8 lines thick at the base ; seeds large, surrounded by a membranous wing. ^ . /^>. S. Native of Chittagong, Silhet, Tavoy, and Maulmyne. Asclepias acuminata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 55. Cynanchum acuminatum, Ham. herb. The specimens from Tavoy are more glabrous than the others. Acuminated-\ea\eA Gymnema. Shrub tw. 7 G. LATIFOLIUM (Wall, asclep. no. 68. 144. Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 45.) twining ; ? young branches densely downy ; leaves broad-oval, acuminated, sparingly pilose on both surfaces, parallelly veined ; umbels shorter than the pe- tioles, cyme-formed, many-flowered ; flowers small ; scales of throat inclosed ; follicles rather slender, acuminated, warted, 3 inches long, and 2 lines thick at the base. fj . ^. ? S. Native of Tavoy, Silhet, Saluen, and the Peninsula of India. Leaves 4-6 inches long, and 3 broad. Broad-leaved Gymnema. Shrub tw. 8 G. GLA'BRUM (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 45.) twining, gla- brous ; leaves ovate or cordate, acuminated, parallelly veined ; follicles large, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, ligneo-coriaceous, glabrous, 4 inches long, and 6 lines thick in the middle, fy . r*. S. Native of the East Indies. Wall. ascl. no. 150, without a name. Very nearly allied to the preceding, but quite distinct. Glabrous Gymnema. Shrub tw. § 2. Throat of corolla furnished with 5 decurrent, pilose lines. — The plants of this section hate larger flowers than thoie of the last ; and, owing to the pedicels being longer, the umbels are larger, though fewer-flowered. 9 G. E'LEGANS (Wight, et Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 46.) twining ; branches slender, glabrous, woody : the older ones rather warted ; leaves cordate-ovate or oval-acuminated, with undulated edges ; umbels on short peduncles, but not spirally elongated at length, as in the following species ; pedicels about equal in length to the peduncles ; flowers small ; throat of co- rolla furnished with 5 pilose lines inside ; stigma obtuse, longer than the stamens ; follicles usually solitary, acuminated, white, S inches long, and 3-4 lines thick ; seeds marginate. fj . /*~>. S. Native of the mountains of Dindygul, Salem, and Columala, also of Segaen — Wight, cat. no. 1534. Wall. ascl. no. 67, 155, unnameJ. Flowers white. Elegant Gymnema. Shrub tw. 1:56 ASCLEPIADE.E. XXXVII. GYMNEMA. XXXVIII. SARCOLOBUS. XXXIX. GONOLOBUS. 10 G. TING ENS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 844.) twining, gla- brous ; leaves cordate, acuminated to oval ; umbels or corymbs often twin, at first shorter than the petioles, and at length spi- rally elongated ; glands of filaments one half shorter than the stamens ; follicles cylindrical, spoon-shaped ; stigma simple, oval, mutic, crowning the tube of the corolla, and therefore ex- ceeding the stamens. Jj . *"\ S. Native of Pegu. Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 45. Asclepias tingens, Ham. ex Roxb fl. ind. 2. p. 53. cor. 3. p. 34. t. 239. Asclepias montana, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 45. mus. ind. or. t. 618. Peri- ploca montana, Roth, in herb. Wight. Microloma Bidaria, Ham. lierb. Tylophora Ariadnes, Ham. herb. Leaves 3-6 inches long, and :i-4 broad. Umbels compound at length. Flowers largish, numerous, pale yellow. Calyx 5-cleft to the base. Co- rolla having ihe tube as long as the column of fructification, fur- nished inside the rim with 5 double pilose ridges, which are ciliated with short brown hairs. Cordate divisions of the corona covering the stamens. Style simple. Follicles ovate-lanceo- late, smooth and fleshy, 4 inches long, and one in diameter. Dr. Hamilton, late Buchanan, informed Dr. Roxburgh, that from the leaves of this plant the Burmese prepare a green dye. Staining Gymnema. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. Shrub tw. $ 3. Corolla ventricose ; throat toothless ; tube without any pilose lines inside. Filaments usually furnished with a fleshy tubercle at the base. — The plants referred to this section ought to form, perhaps, a distinct genus; they differ widely from the others in appearance. The pollen masses differ also from the rest of ihe genus, in being comprexsed and spa/ulate ; and the retinacu/a are thickened, and sometimes very long. 11 G. NIPAULE'NSE (Wall. tent. fl. nep. p. 50. t. 38.) leaves oval or ovate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous, glaucous beneath, and minutely reticulated with fuscous veins ; common peduncles sometimes shorter and sometimes longer than the leaves ; umbels compound, many-flowered ; flowers subcapitate, on short pedi- cels. V> . r*. G. Native of Nipaul. G. columnare, Wall. ascl. no. 73. a. A large, much-branched shrub. Corollas yellow, urceolate, valvate in aestivation. Nipaul Gymnema. Shrub tw. 12 G. COLUMNA'RE (Wall. ascl. no. 73. b. Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 40.) leaves subcordate at the base, linear- oblong, acuminated, glabrous, pale glaucous beneath, and reti- culated with fuscous veins ; umbels compound, about equal in length to the leaves, many-flowered ; flowers almost sessile. f? . /"\ S. Native of Nipaul ? Very like G. Nipaulense, and differs chiefly in the figure of the leaves. Columnar Gymnema. Shrub tw. 13 G. SAGITTA'TUM (Wall. tent. fl. nep. p. 50. ascl. no. 114. and no. 83. ?) leaves oval or oblong-ovate, attenuated at the apex, glabrous, whitish glaucous beneath, with the veins of the same colour ; peduncles slender, about equal in length to the leaves ; cymes compound, loose, with filiform branches : pedi- cels disposed along an elevated spiral line ; flowers small, usually caducous ; follicles slender, glabrous. fj . ^. S. Na- tive of Silhet. Anthers subsagittate. Cymes puberulous. Corolla subcampanulate, Wall. 1. c. Sagittate-anihered Gymnema. Shrub tw. 14> G. WALLICHH (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 46.) leaves oval, short-acuminated, glabrous, paler beneath, with the veins of the same colour ; cymes raceme-formed ; pedicels disposed along an elevated spiral line ; corolla ventricose, pilose inside ; gynostegium furnished with 5 fleshy leaflets at the base. \2 . /*\ S. Native of Singapore. Wall. ascl. no. 135. un- named. The large fleshy glands or leaflets at the base of the gynostegium or column of fructification, render this a very doubtful species of Gymnema, but the three preceding species have them also, but not so conspicuous. Wallich's Gymnema. Shrub tw. 15 G. FINLAYSONIA'NUM (Wight, I.e.) twining, glabrous; leaves cordate, ovate, acuminated, glaucous beneatli and reticulated with brown veins ; umbels dense, many-flowered, longer than the petioles ; corolla subcampanulate, glabrous ; gynostegium short, naked at the base ; retinacula of pollen masses elongated and spirally twisted in the middle. Ij . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Finlayson's Gymnema. Shrub tw. 16 G. TRINE'RVE (R. Br. prod. p. 462.) stem erect; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved, downy ; umbels sessile ; throat naked. J? . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic, on the sea shore. Perhaps the gynostegium is naked at the base. Three-nerved-lezved Gymnema. Shrub. 17 G.? ATTENUA'TUM (Wall. tent. fl. nep. p. 50.) twining, smooth ; leaves lanceolate, very much attenuated ; corymbs slender, flexuous, rattier longer than the leaves ; corolla some- what rotate, with a naked throat ; pollen masses divaricate, almost horizontal, ovate ; corpuscles bidentate at the apex. ^ . ^. S. Native of Silhet. Perhaps a species of Tylophora. dttenuated-leaved Gymnema. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture aud propagation see Pergularia, p. 133. XXXVIII. SARCO'LOBUS (from . S. Native of the south of Bengal, in saltish places, on the shores of the Hoogly ; Rangoon ; and on the banks of the river Saluen. Globose- fruited Sarcolobns. Shrub tw. 3 S. CARINA'TUS (Wall. 1. c. p. 578. t. 5.) leaves oval and ob- long, rather fleshy; peduncles few-flowered; corollas rotate, with a very short tube, glabrous inside ; follicles oblong, smooth, acute, keeled below. Tj . /"1. S. Native along with the preced- ing species. Keeled- fruited Sarcolobus. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133. Tribe II. GONOLOBEjE. Pollen masses 10, fixed by pairs to the retinacula of the stigma, transverse (f. 17. g. A.) adhering by the outer extremity (f. 17. A.), dehiscing transversely in respect to the cells, hidden by the stigmas. Stamineous corona undi- vided (f. 17. d}, lobed. Anthers terminated by a membrane. XXXIX. GONO'LOBUS (from yo.-m, gonia, an angle; and Xo/3oc, lobos, a pod ; in reference to the ribbed follicles.) Rich. ? in Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 119. R. Br. in werm. soc. mem. 1. p. 35. — Cynanchum species of Lin. and Jacq. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla sub-rotate, 5- parted (f. 17. a.) Stamineous corona saucer-shaped (f. 17. d.), ASCLEPIADE.-E. XXXIX. GOSOLOBUS. 137 lobed. Anthers dehiscing transversely, terminated by a mem- brane ; pollen masses fixed by the outer extremities, in respect to the cells (f. 1 7. A.), covered by the stigma. Stigma flattish-de- pressed, 5-lobed (f. 17. e.\ '[Follicles ventricose, a little ribbed. Seeds comose. — Twining, suffruticose plants, natives of Ame- rica, particularly within the tropics. Leaves opposite, broadish. Umbels interpetiolar, pedunculate. 1 G. MAMTIMCS (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves cordate, hairy, tomentose beneath ; umbels sessile ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute ; segments of corolla ovate, acute, hairy inside; tube very short. 1?". ^. S. Native of Tierra Bomba. Lindl. bot. reg. 931. Cynanchum maritireum, Lin. mam. 54. Jacq. amer. p. 83. t. 56. pict. t. 82. Corolla dark purple, ex Lin. Stem hairy. Co- rolla greenish, ex bot. reg. Sea-side Gonolobus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. Shrub tw. 2 G. SUBEROSUS (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves cordate, acuminated, with an open recess, rather hairy ; calycine segments narrow ; segments of corolla lanceolate, Tj . ^\ S. Native of South America. Cynanchum suberosum, Lin. hort. cliff. 79. spec. p. 310. Willd." spec. 1. p. 1255.— Dill. hort. elth. 308. t. 229. f. 296. Stem reddish, chinky at bottom. Flowers at first green, afterwards verging to blackish purple. Cori-y-stemmed Gonolobus. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1732. Shrub tw. 3 G. CRISPIFLORUS (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves oblong, cordate, with the recess closed, nearly naked above, but villous beneath ; umbels many-flowered ; segments of corolla curled at apex. ?j . *"\ S. Native of Jamaica, and at the Isthmus of Darien. Cy- nanchum crispiflorum, Swartz. prod. 52. Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 302. Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 536. — Plum. icon. 210. t. 216. f. 1. Stem downy. There are some subulate glands at the recess of the leaf. Corolla white, painted with green lines at the base of the segments. Curled-flowered Gonolobus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1741. Shrub tw. 4 G. PLANIFLORUS (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves cordate, glabrous above, and tomentose beneath ; umbels sub-compound ; caly- cine segments lanceolate, acuminate ; segments of corolla roundish- ovate, flat, spreading. Tj . ^\ S. Native of New Spain, on die precipices of Mount de la Popa, about Carthagena ; and of Trinidad. Cynanchum planiflorum, Jacq. amer. 82. t. 86. pict. 45. t. 81. Lin. syst. 257. Leaves ciliated on the petioles, with rusty stifF pili. Corolla flat, veiny, and rusty. Flat-jlonered Gonolobus. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub twining. 5 G. VIRIDIFLORUS (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 61.) leaves ovate-cordate, or ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; umbels few- flowered, shorter than the leaves ; calycine segments lanceolate ; segments of corolla oblong, acute, f; . /~\ S. Native about the Essequibo. Lindl. bot. reg. 1126. Cynanchum viridiflorum, Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 141. G. Guianensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 845. Stem hairy while young. Corolla greenish yellow. Stamineous corona margined with white. Very nearly allied to G. planiflurus ; but differs, in the leaves of that species being downy beneath, in the umbels being racemose, and in the calyx being longer than the corolla. Green flowered Gonolobus. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1826. Shrub tw. 6 G. GRAKDiFLORBs (R. Br. 1. c.) hairy ; leaves cordate- ovate, acuminated, glaucous beneath ; segments of corolla ovate, acuminated, coriaceous. *t . ^. S. Native of South America. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1053. Cynanchum grandiflorum, Cav. icon. 1. p. 14. t. 21. Willd. spec. 1255. Stem and peduncles beset with rufous hairs. Petioles villous. Corolla coriaceous, larger than in any other species of the genus, greenish ; corona purple. Great-flowered Gonolobus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. Shrub tw. VOL. IT. 7 G. ROSTRA'TUS (R. Br. 1. c.) hairy ; leaves oblong-cordate, with the recess open ; calycine segments ovate ; segments of corolla narrow-lanceolate, 3 times longer than the calyx, pilose outside. Tj . rk. S. Native of Trinidad. Cynanchum rostra- turn, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 45. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1254. Hairs of the stem retrograde. Leaves 2-3 inches long, rather pilose. Umbels few-flowered. Pedicels and petioles hairy. Corolla acuminately rostrate before expansion. Beaked- flowered Gonolobus. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1824. Shrub tw. 8 G. NIGER (R. Br. 1. c.) glabrous; leaves ovate-cordate, acute ; racemes few-flowered. Jj . r>. S. Native of Mexico. Cynanchum nigrum, Cav. icon. 2. p. 45. t. 159. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1255. Nearly allied to G. racembsus ; but differs, in the ovate, acuminated leaves, and corolline segments, in the few- flowered racemes, and in the corolla being 4 times larger, and black, or very dark purple. #/ac/fc-flowered Gonolobus. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1825. Shrub tw. 9 G. RACEMOSCS (R. Br. 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves ovate- cordate, acuminated ; racemes simple, many-flowered ; calycine segments lanceolate, concave, acute ; segments of corolla lanceolate, flat, revolute and emarginate at the apex, fj . *"\ S. Native about Carthagena, among bushes. Cynanchum racemosum, Lin. mant. p. 54. Jacq. amer. p. 81. t. 54. pict. t. 80. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1255. Leaves 4 inches long, rusty beneath. Flowers small, white. 7?ocemo*e-flowered Gonolobus. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub tw. 10 G. CAROLINE'NSIS (R. Br. 1. c.) stem and petioles hairy ; leaves ovate-cordate, acuminated, downy, on longish petioles ; flowers glabrous ; segments of corolla oval-oblong, bluntish ; follicles smooth, tf.. *"\ F. Native of North America, on the banks of the Mississippi, in hedges. Cynanchum Caro- linense, Jacq. icon. 2. t. 342. ? Flowers purplish, umbellate. Carolina Gonolobus. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1806. PI. tw. 11 G. MACROPHY'LLUS (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 163.) stems and petioles hairy ; leaves large, cordate, abruptly acuminated, pube- rulous; segments of corolla oval-oblong. £ . *"\ F. Native of Ca- rolina and Virginia, in shady woods. Cynanchum macrophyllum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 119. Vincetoxicum gonocarpus, Walt. fl. car. 104. Gonolobus hirsutus, Lodd. bot. cab. 365, but not of others. Asclepias gonocarpus, Gmel. syst. p. 446. Cynanchum macrophyllum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 274. Flowers dark purple, or dirty vellow. Large-leaved Gonolobus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Shrub twining. 12 G. HIRSD'TCS (Roam, et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 63. Sweet, fl. gard. 1. 1 .) stems and petioles very hairy ; leaves cordate-ovate, gradually acuminated, downy on both surfaces ; segments of corolla linear-oblong, obtuse; follicles oblong, muricated. 3£. ^\ F. Native from Pennsylvania to Carolina, in hedges, near rivulets. Gonolobium hirsutum, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 119. Vince- toxicum acanthocarpus, Walt. fl. carol, p. 104. Asclepias acan- thocarpos. Gmel. syst. 446. Cynanchum hirsutum. G. echi- natus, Lodd. cat. Flowers dark purple. Hairy Gonolobus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1806. PI. tw. 13 G. DISCOLOR (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 63.) stem hairy ; leaves soft, cordate ; peduncles longer than the petioles, umbel- late ; corollas of 2 colours : with linear-lanceolate segments. y. . ^, F. Native of Virginia and Canada. Cynanchum dis- color, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1273. Cyn. Virginicum, Herb. Banks. — Gron. virg. p. 36. ? Nearly allied to G. Carolinensis, and G. suberosus. Corollas green outside and purple inside. Discoloured- flowered Gonolobus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1809. PI. tw. 14 G. HIRTCS (R. Br. 1. c.) stems beset with rufescent hairs ; T 138 ASCLEPIADE^E. XXXIX. GONOLOBUS. leaves ovate-cordate. Tj . /^>. S. Native of America. Cynan- chum hirtum. Lin. hort. clifT. p. 79. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1256. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 511. sect. 15. t. 3. f. 61. Stems chinky at bottom. This is a very doubtful plant. Leaves larger than in G. suberosus ; and the flowers are larger and purplish. Rough Gonolobus. Shrub tw. 15 G. PROSTRA'TUS (R. Br. 1. c.) stems prostrate, downy; leaves reniformly cordate, acute, tomentose beneath ; umbels small, few-flowered ; segments of corolla linear, obtuse. I/ . '"'• G. Native of Mexico. Cynanchum prostratum, Cav. icon. 1. p. 5. t. 7. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1257. Corollas green, small. Peduncles downy, almost the length of the leaves. Prostrate Gonolobus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. pros- trate. 16 G. UNDULA'TUS (R. Br. 1. c.) glabrous; leaves oblong, acuminated, attenuated at the base, undulated ; umbels capitate ; calycine segments ovate, concave, spreading ; segments of corolla bluntish, much shorter than the tube. 1? . r>. S. Native near Carthagena, on Mount de la Popa. Tube of corolla depressedly globose. Corollas small, cinereous outside, and dirty purple inside. Undulated-leaved Gonolobus. Shrub tw. 17 G. ALTISSIMUS (Roam, et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 65.) stem tomentose or downy ; leaves cordate, tomentose on both sur- faces ; umbels dense, capitate ; calycine segments lanceolate, concave, tomentose outside, length of the tube of the corolla ; segments of the corolla roundish, flat, obtuse. Tl . /"\ S. Native of woods, about Carthagena. Cynanchum altissimum, Jacq. amer. 84. t. 87. Vahl, eel. 2. p. 23. Corollas dirty purple. Tallest Gonolobus. Fl.? PI. tw. 18 G. FILIFORMIS (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 65.) gla- brous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, shining ; umbels globose ; calycine segments lanceolate, concave, acuminated ; segments of corolla ovate, acuminated, pilose beneath. If . /*\ S. Native of Carthagena, among bushes. Cynanchum filiforme, Jacq. amer. p. 86. t. 60. f. 1. Cynanchum leucanthum, Jacq. amer. pict. t. 86. Stems filiform, shining. Peduncles twice longer than the petioles. Flowers very small, white. Filiform-stemmed Gonolobus. PI. tw. 19 G. A'LBUS (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 815.) glabrous; leaves ovate, acute, white below ; umbels many-flowered. If. . r>. S. Native of Peru. Asclepias alba, Cav. icon. p. 136. t. 310. Leaves subcordate, 2 inches long. Umbels sometimes twin. Corollas whitish-grey, \ an inch in diameter. White-flowered Gonolobus. PI. tw. 20 G. OBTUSIFOLIUS (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 66.) leaves roundish-cordate, soft and tomentose beneath, y.. ^\ S. Na- tive of South America, Cayenne. ? Asclepias (Gonolobium) ob- tusifblium, Pers. ench. 1. p. 274. Blunt-leaved Gonolobus. PI. tw. 21 G. DIADEMA'TUS (Ker. bot. reg. t. 252.) hairy ; leaves ob- long-cordate ; segments of corolla ovate, furnished with a corona in the throat, tj . r>. S. Native of Mexico. Flowers green. Crowned Gonolobus. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1812. Shrub tw. 22 G. OBLIQUUS (R. Br. 1. c.) stems hairy ; leaves ovate-cor- date, vil'.ous, acute ; umbels much shorter than the leaves ; pedicels length of peduncles ; calycine segments narrow-lanceo- late, acute, villous ; segments of corolla ovate, acuminated, with oblique points, and revolute edges, y.. *~*. S. Native of Caro- lina ; but the plant has never been met with by Pursh. Cynan- chum obliquum, Jacq. coll. 1. p. 148. icon. rar. 2. t. 341. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1256. Flowers fetid, an inch in diameter, brownish purple. Nectarium purplish. Anthers yellow. Oblique- fiowered Gonolobus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. tw. 23 G. NUTTALLIA'NUS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 845.) glabrous; leaves reniformly cordate, acuminated, upon longish petioles, 12 auriculate at the base ; segments of corolla linear-oblong, ob- lique ; follicles ribbed. 1£ . H. Native on the banks of the Mississippi, near St. Louis. G. viridiflorus, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 163. Flowers greenish. Nuttall's Gonolobus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. PI. tw. 21 G. UNIFLORUS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 207. t. 238.) branches and leaves downy ; leaves ovate-oblong, much acuminated at the apex, and sagittately cordate at the base ; peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered, about the length of petioles ; calycine segments lanceolate, villous ; segments of corolla ob- liquely ovate-oblong, acuminated, bearded on one side, twice longer than the calyx. ^ • ^. S. Native near the town of Mexico. Flowers as large as those of Philadelphus coronaria. Corona in the bottom of the corolla, short, annular, undulated. Very like Cyn&nchum denticulalum, Vahl. One-flowered Gonolobus. Fl. July. Clt. 1825. Shrub tw. 25 G. ARISTOLOCHIOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 208.) branches downy, and leaves beneath ; leaves ovate, short-acuminated at top, and deeply cordate at the base ; umbels many-flowered, hardly exceeding the petioles ; peduncles and pedicels downy ; calycine segments ovate, acutish ; segments of corolla ovate-oblong, acute, beardless, 4 times longer than the calyx. I? . ^. S. Native of the province of Caraccas, in humid places, near Guigne, and at Lake Tacaragua. Corolla yellow. Corona and anthers as in G. riparius. Arlstolochia-like Gonolobus. Fl. March. Shrub tw. 26 G. FLOCCOSUS (Bertol. ex Spreng. syst. add. p. 110.) leaves cordate, acuminated, tomentose beneath ; flowers glomerate ; follicles echinated. fj . *"\ S. Native of Guadaloupe. Floccose Gonolobus. Shrub twining. 27 G. PAUCIFLORUS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 846.) shrubby, gla- brous ; branches downy ; leaves oblong, obtuse ; peduncles usually 3-flowered, axillary. Tj . ^. S. Native of Hispaniola. Ferv-jlomered Gonolobus. Shrub twining. 28 G. RIPA'RIUS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches pilose ; leaves ovate, acuminated at apex, deeply cordate at base, rather pilose beneath ; umbels many-flowered ; peduncles and pedicels downy ; calycine segments oblong-lanceolate ; segments of co- rolla oblong-acute, beardless, 3 times longer than the calyx. I? . ^. S. Native of New Granada, on the banks of the river Magdalena, between Mompox and Morales. Corolla green, with a short, undulately-curled margin. River-side Gonolobus. Shrub tw. 29 G. BARBA'TUS (H. B. et Kunth. 1. c. p. 209. t. 239.) branches downy ; leaves ovate, acuminated at top, and cordate at the base, with a wide recess, glabrous ; umbels many-flower- ed, about the length of the leaves ; pedicels glabrous, longer than the peduncle ; calycine seg- ments oblong-lanceolate, acumi- nated (f. 17. a); segments of corolla obliquely ovate, acumi- nated (f. 17. b. c.), bearded on one side, twice longer than the calyx. ^2 • /n>- S. Native of Mexico, near Campeche. Flowers as large as those of Periploca Grafca, 5-7 in each umbel. Co- rona very short, disk-formed, composed of short, fleshy, bidentate teeth or threads surround- ing the stamens (f. 17. d.) /Jearrferf-flowered Gonolobus. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Oxypetalum, p. 148. FIG. 17. ASCLEPIADE.E. XL. MATELEA. XLI. ASCLEPIAS. 139 XL. MATE'LEA (meaning not explained by Aublet). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 277. t. 109. f. 1. R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 36. — Hostea, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1274. Lix. SYST. Pentdndria, Digy'nia. Corolla rotate, 5-parted. Stamineous corona saucer-sbaped, lobed. Anthers dehiscing transversely, terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses fixed by the exterior extremity, in respect to the cells, covering the stigma. Stigma flatten, depressed. Follicles ventricose, ribbed. Seeds naked. — Shrub erect. Leaves opposite, biglandular above the base. Flowers racemose, lateral. 1 M. PALU'STRIS (Aubl. 1. c.) leaves oblong-ovate, acuminated ; racemes simple. Jj . S. Native of Guiana, in marshy places. Hostea viridiflora, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1274. Flowers green. Marah Matelea. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 2 M. LATIFOLIA (Aubl. 1. c. f. 2.) leaves ovate-oblong; flowers axillary. fj . S. Native of Guiana. Flowers green. Broad-leared Matelea. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation, see Calotropis, p. 147. Tribe III. ASCLEPIE'.-E. Asclepiadeae verae, part. R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 21. Pollen masses 10, smooth, 2 appertaining to each anther, fixed by pairs to the corpuscles of the stigma by their tops or beneath their tips, pendulous. i 1 . Stamineous corona appendicvlate, simple, 5 -leaved ; leaflets opposite the anthers, sub-cucullate, seated on the top of the tube of the filaments, hating 5 small segments, one between each of the larger ones, in the same series. Corolla 5-parted, reflexed. XLI. ASCLETIAS (from jEsculapius, the god of medicine ; powerful medicinal effects of some species.) R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 36. — Asclepias, spec. Lin. Juss. and others. Lix. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla 5-parted, reflexed. Corona seated on the upper part of the tube of the filaments (f. 18. a.), 5-leaved ; leaflets cucullate, having a horn- formed process protruding from the bottom. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses compressed, fixed by the taper- ing tops, pendulous. Stigma depressed, mutic. Follicles smooth. Seeds comose. — Erect, North American herbs. Leaves opposite, verticillate, and sometimes alternate. Umbels inter- petiolar. * Leaves opposite. 1 A. SYRIACA (Lin. spec. 313. Lam. diet. 1. p. 281.) stems simple ; leaves lanceolate-oblong or oval, gradually acute, to- mentose beneath ; umbels drooping. If. . H. Native from New England to Virginia, in fields, and on the banks of rivers, com- mon. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 180. A. Syriaca, /3, Illinensis, Pers. ench. 1. p. 275. A. pubescens, Moench. A. Apocynum, Gat. fl. montaub. p. 48. A. obovata, and A. tomentosa, Elliot, ex Spreng. — Blackw. t. 521. — Plenck, off. t. 255. Flowers in large, loose umbels, pale purple, sweet scented. The nectaries, or leaflets of the corona, act as fly-traps. Lamarck has given, as the native country of this species Syria and Egypt ; and adds, as a synonyme, the Apocynum erectum laufolium, incanum Syria- cum ; floribus parvis obsolete purpurascentibus, of Tour. inst. p. 91 ; as also a singular variety of the same, the Apocynum majus Syriacum rectum ; caule viridi ; flore axalbido, Tourn. p. 91. Syrian Swallow-wort. Clt. 1629. PI. 3 to 5 feet. 2 A. EXALTA'TA (Lin. araoen. acad. 3. p. 404. spec. 313. Link. enum. 1. p. 251.) stems downy; leaves oblong, acute, pe- tiolate, downy on the nerves beneath ; umbels drooping ? pe- dicels, elongated ; horns of corona elongated. If. . H. Native of North America. A. Syrtaca, /3, exaltata, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1265. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 69. A. connivens, Baldw. Corolla purplish outside, and white inside. Horns of corona white, in- curved, longer than the corolla. Exalted Swallow-wort. FL July, Aug. Clt. 1 800. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 3 A. PHYTOLACC01DES (Lyon, ex Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 180.) stems erect, simple ; leaves broad- ovate-oblong, acute, gla- brous, paler beneath ; umbels lateral and terminal, solitary, on long peduncles, drooping. I/ . H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, on the mountains ; as well as on the banks of the Platte and Arkansas. Stem spotted with purple. Leaves large, with a purple midrib. Corolla green ; corona white, with truncate leaflets. — Gron. virg. p. 38. Phytolacca-like Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 4 A. SPECIOSA (Torrey, in ann. lye. new york, 2. p. 218.) plant clothed with fine tomentum ; leaves ovate, cordate, obtuse, on short petioles ; umbels axillary, and terminal, solitary ; leaf- lets of corona erect, lanceolate, 3 times longer than the gynoste- gium, bluntish, bidentate inside, at the base. >j . H. Native of North America, on the banks of the Canadian river. Flowers twice as large as those of Ascl. Syriaca, pale purple ?. Calycine segments lanceolate, spreading. Segments of corolla oblong, re- flexed, obtuse. Horns of corona short, incurved, compressed. Shon-y Swallow-wort. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ? 5 A. DE'BILIS (Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 116.) smoothish ; stems weak, erect, simple ; leaves petiolate, oval-lanceolate, acute at both ends, membranous ; umbels terminal and axillary, loose-flowered ; pedicels capillary. If. . H. Native from New York to Carolina ; in shady, rocky situations, near rivulets. Flowers white. Leaves large. The fibres of the stem produce a kind of flax, as all the rest of the species do, but far superior, being of a beautiful silky gloss, and extreme strength. Weak Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 2 ft. 6 A. PARVIFLORA (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 307.) leaves lanceo- late, acuminated, glabrous, attenuated at the base ; umbels late- ral, solitary; stems suffruticose, erect. If. H. Native of Carolina and Florida, in sandy fields. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 180. Jacq. eclpg. t. 28. A. perennis, Wait, fl. carol, p. 107. Flowers small, white. Small-floreered Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. PI. 2 to S feet. 7 A. POLYSTA'CHYA (Walt. fl. car. p. 107.) leaves lanceolate, smooth, petiolate ; stems suffruticose ; umbels lateral and ter- minal. 11. H. Native of Carolina. This plant is not men- tioned by Pursh ; but is probably the same as A. parciflara. Many-spiked Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 8 A. CCRASSA'VICA (Lin. spec. 314.) stem simple, seldom a little branched ; leaves oblong- lanceolate, tapering at both ends, glabrous ; umbels erect, soli- tary, lateral. Jj . S. Native of Curassoa, Essequibo, Cumana, Trinidad, and now found in most parts of tropical America. Meyer, Ess. p. 138. Lodd. bot. cab. 349. Ker. bot. reg. 81. A. bicolor, Monch. — Sloan, hist. 2. t. 129. — Dill. elth. 34. t. 30. f. 33. — Herm. par. t. 36. ? Stem rather downy. Flowers of a reddish -orange colour, or scar- let. Follicles muricated with scattered teeth, ex Lam. The T 2 FIG. 18. 140 ASCLEPIADEJE. XLI. ASCLEPIAS. roots have been sent to England as Ipecacuanha. The juice of the plant, made into a syrup, is said to be a powerful anthelmin- tic ; it is given to children in the West Indies, for that pur- pose, from a tea to table-spoonful. The juice, and pounded plant, is said to be an excellent styptic. The root, dried and re- duced to powder, is frequently used by the negroes as an emetic, and hence its name of Wild or Bastard Ipecacuanha, (f. 18.) Far. /3, albiflbra ; flowers white. Far. y, ramosa; stem branched at top, divaricated. N.B. — What is A. Curassdvica, Lour. coch. 170, of which he says, that the stems are simple and twining, the leaves opposite ; the flowers pale, and disposed in lateral, erect umbels ; the fol- licles ventricose and conical ; the seeds ovate, compressed, curved, and comose. A native near Canton, in China. Curassoa Swallow-wort, or Bastard Ipecacuanha. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1692. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 9 A. NivEA (Lin. spec. 313.) stems simple; leaves ovate- lanceolate, smoothish ; umbels erect, terminal, solitary. 1J. . H. Native from Virginia to Carolina, on the banks of rivers, in sandy and gravelly soil. Sims, bot. mag. 1187. — Dill. elth. 33. t. 29. f. 32. Flowers white, ex Pursh. Corolla green, pur- plish outside, with white nectaries, ex Lin. Stem nodose, pu- berulous. Leaves tomentose beneath, ex Sims, 1. c. Very like A. Curassdvica, /Snowy-flowered Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1730. PL 1 to 3 feet. 10 A. VIRGA'TA (Balb. in cat. taur. 1813. p. 14.) stems erect, simple ; leaves linear-lanceolate, glabrous ; umbels erect, late- ral, solitary : and terminal, twin. % . H. Native of America. Very like A. nivea, but differs in the colour of the flowers. Flowers white. Twiggy Swallow-wort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 ft. 11 A. INCARNAVTA (Lin. spec. 314.) stem erect, branched and tomentose at top ; leaves lanceolate, rather woolly on both sur- faces ; umbels numerous, usually twin ; horns of corona exserted. Tf.. H. Native from Canada to Virginia, in swamps, and on river banks, common. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 115. Pursh, 1. p. 181. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 107. Ker. bot. reg. 250. Corn. can. 9. t. 93. Flowers red, or purplish. Flesh-coloured-flowered Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. 2 feet. 12 A. PI/LCHRA (Ehrh. ex Willd. enum. p. 278.) stem divided at top ; leaves lanceolate ; umbels erect, twin ; horns of corona exserted. 7{.H. Native of North America. A. incarnata, /3, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1267. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 181. Flowers red, or purple. This plant is said, by Pursh, to be more hairy than A. incarnata, but in every other respect no wise different. Sometimes the leaves are quite glabrous, and only downy in those on the upper part of the stem, as in it. But Willdenow says it is a very distinct species, and remains so in cultivation ; the leaves are shorter, and a little broader, downy beneath, as well as the top of the stem and branches. Fair Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. PI. 2 feet. 13 A. CITRIFOLIA (Jacq. coll. 2. p. 290. icon. rar. t. 343.) stems erect, simple, rather hairy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, repandly undulated, glaucous, and minutely hairy beneath, firm ; umbels terminal and lateral, solitary, hemispherical, y.. H. Native of America. Root thick, fleshy. Leaves 4 inches long. Flowers white, size and form of those of A. Curassdvica. Orange-leaved Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 foot. 14 A. AMO-^NA (Lin. spec. 313.) stems simple, with 2 rows of down ; leaves almost sessile, oblong-oval, downy beneath ; um- bels terminal, and are, as well as the foliola of corona, erect ; appendages of corona exserted, red. 1£. H. Native from New England to Virginia, in wet meadows, on the edges of woods and ditches. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 118. Pursh. 1. p. 181. A. compressa, Monch.— Dill. elth. t. 27. f. 30. Flowers beautiful, purple. Habit of A. Syrlaca. Leaves white beneath, large, with a purple middle nerve, ex Dill. Pleasant Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1732. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 15 A. PURPURA'SCENS (Lin. spec. 313.) stem simple, rather hairy at top ; leaves ovate, villous beneath ; umbels erect ; foliola of corona resupinate. I/ . H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, in shady swamps. — Dill. elth. t. 28. f. 31. Flowers purple. Habit of A. Syrlaca. Stem brownish green at bottom. Leaves large, with a purplish middle nerve. Petals herbaceous, striped with purple at the base, ex Dill. Purplish-RoviereH Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1732. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 16 A. VARIEGA'TA (Lin. spec. 312.) stem simple, erect; leaves ovate, petiolate, wrinkled, naked ; umbels almost sessile ; pedi- cels tomentose. y. . H. Native from New York to Carolina, on dry, sunny hills, on the borders of woods. Sims, bot. mug. 1182. — Pluk. aim. t. 77. f. 1. Flowers in dense umbels, very handsome ; petals and foliola of corona white ; fructification red. A. hybrida, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 115. "Stem simple, rather tomentose ; leaves petiolate, oval, minutely pube- rulous ; umbels leafless, terminal." Michx. 1. c. Stems varie- gated with purple. Variegated-flowered Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1597. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 17 A. OBTUSIFOLIA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 115.) leaves stem-clasping, oblong-roundish, obtuse, waved ; umbels termi- nal, solitary, on long peduncles, many-flowered, glabrous ; horns or appendages of corona exserted. 7£. H. Native of from New Jersey to Carolina, on the banks of rivers ; in sandy, barren soils, along the Platte, on the Missouri, ex Torrey, in ann. lye. new york, 2. p. 217. A. purpurascens, Walt. fl. car. p. 105. Flowers large, purple. Perhaps the same plant as Gonolobus obtusifolius. Far. /3, latifolia (Torrey, in ann. lye. new york. 2. p. 217.) leaves broad-obovate, obtuse, ending in a short mucrone, cordate at the base, glabrous on both surfaces, with flat edges ; umbels almost sessile, axillary ; leaflets of corona cucullate, about equal in length to the gynostegiuvn, bidentate ; horns of corona ex- serted. y. . H. Native of North America, on the banks of the Canadian river. Leaves 4 inches long, and 3 broad. Flowers rather smaller than in the species. Calycine segments lanceo- late, acute. Corolla reflexed, pale greenish purple. Perhaps a proper species. Blunt-leaved Swallow-wort. Fl. June. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 18 A. MELLIODORA (St. Hil. ex Spreng. syst. addenda, p. 110.) stem simple, erect ; leaves petiolate, linear, elongated, acute, downy beneath ; umbels lateral, many-flowered. % . F. Native of Brazil, on the banks of the Rio Grande. Honey-scented Swallow-wort. PI. 19 A. ACUMINA'TA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 182.) stems erect, glabrous, simple ; leaves ovate, sub-cordate, acuminated, on short petioles : superior ones sessile ; umbels lateral, soli- tary, erect. I/ . H. Native from New Jersey to Florida, in deep cedar swamps, and on the banks of rivers. A. cordata, Walt. fl. car. p. 105. A. periplocsefolia, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 106. Leaves glabrous, but rough on the edges, acute. Flowers red and white. Roots very large, resembling those of A. tuberbsa. Horns of corona inclosed. Acuminated- leaved Swallow-wort. Fl. July. Clt. 1826. PI. 2 feet. 20 A. LAURIFOLIA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 117.) stems erect, glabrous ; leaves almost sessile, oval-lanceolate, gradually ASCLEPIADE.E. XLI. ASCLEPIAS. 141 narrowed, very acute, glabrous, roughish above, on the edges. If. . H. Native of Georgia, on the river Atharraha. Flowers purple. Allied to A. amoe^na. Laurel-leaved Swallow- wort. Fl. July. PI. 2 feet. 21 A. CIN-EVREA (Walt, fl. carol, p. 105. Gmel. sytt. 5. p. 446.) stems erect, simple, with an alternating downy line; leaves nearly linear, smooth, with revolute edges ; umbels lateral, few- flowered ; horns of corona inclosed. If. . H. Native of Caro- lina. Enslenia cinerea, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 850. Flowers white. This species is placed between A.acuminata, and A.pauper- cula, by Walt., but is not mentioned by Pursh. Grey Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. 1 foot. 22 A. RUBBICAU'LIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 148.) stems erect, simple, reddish, downy at top ; leaves nearly sessile, erect, linear, with revolute edges, nerved, glabrous. 3{. F. Native of Mexico, on the declivities of mountains, near La Vente del Peri^rino. Umbels many-flowered. Flowers white, a little larger than those of A. galidides; segments of corolla oblong-elliptic, flat, sub-emarginate. Appendages of corona ex- serted. The revolute edges of the leaves of this species, and the two following, are perhaps occasioned by drying, and are, there- fore, probably flat in the recent state. Red-stemmed Swallow-wort. Fl. April. PI. J to 1 foot. 23 A. ROSEA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 189.) stems erect, almost simple, downy at top ; leaves erectish, linear, 1 -nerved, with revolute edges, puberulous above, and clothed with hoary down beneath ; umbels 15-flowered. I/ . G. Native of Mexico, near the town of Chilpancinga. Flowers structure and size of those of A. rubricaulis, but rose-coloured ; and the appendages of the corona rather shorter. .Rose-coloured-flowered Swallow-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1 824. PI. | to 1 foot. 24 A. LISIFOLIA (Hort. madr. ex H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 190.) stem suffruticose ?, branches having a downy line on one side only ; leaves on very short petioles, spreading, linear or lanceo- late, acute, with rather revolute edges, veiny, membranous, gla- brous ; umbels about 10-flowered; peduncles downy on one side ; appendages of corona hardly exserted. 11. G. Native of Mexico, between the city and Chapollepeque. A. sali- cifblia, Lodd. bot. cab. 272. Flowers white, size of those of A, nicea. Flax-leaved Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 25 A. GLAIJCE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 190.) stems erect, simple, glabrous ; leaves on very short petioles, linear- oblong, acute, somewhat cordate, flat, veiny, thickish, glabrous ; glaucescent beneath ; umbels interpetiolar and terminal. 7/ . G. Native of New Spain, betwixt Acapulco and La Vente de la Moxonera. Leaves 3| inches long. Interpetiolar umbels soli- tary, and the terminal ones twin ? Flowers size of those of A. Syrlaca, sweet-scented. Pedicels and peduncles downy. Co- rollas white ; appendages of the corona sublunate, compressed, a little exserted. Follicles hairy or downy in the immature state. Glaucescent-leaved Swallow-wort. PI. 1 to 2 feet. * * Leaves terticillale. 26 A. QUADRIFOUA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 183.) stems erect, simple, glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, petiolate ; those in the middle of the stem larger, and 4 in a whorl, the rest opposite ; umbels twin, terminal, loose-flowered ; pedicels fili- form. % . H. Native from New York to Virginia, on lime- stone rocks. Jacq. obs. 2. p. 33. Lodd. bot. cab. 1258. Flowers small, sweet-scented, with white petals, and red nec- taries. Four-leated Swallow-wort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 foot. 27 A. VBRTICILLA'TA (Lin. spec. 315.) stems erect, often branched, having a downy line on one side ; leaves very narrow, linear, thick, quite glabrous, usually verticillate, but sometimes scattered ; appendages of corona exserted. % . H. Native from New Jersey to Carolina ; and on the upper part of the Arkansas. Michx. fl. bor. 1. p. 116. Pursh, 1. p. 183. Lodd. bot. cab. 1067. — Pluk. mant. t. 336. f. 4. Corollas with yellowish green petals and white nectaries. F«-ftci#ate-leaved Swallow- wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ? 28 A. MEXICA'NA (Cav. icon. 1. p. 42. t. 58.) stems erect ; leaves linear-lanceolate, with revolute edges ; lower ones 4-6 in a whorl : upper ones 3 in a whorl, or opposite ; umbels many- flowered. If.. G. Native of Mexico. Follicles furrowed. Involucrum of many short leaves. Corollas white, size of those of A . nicea. It differs from A. certicillata, in the leaves being much broader, and in the flowers being larger. Mexican Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 29 A. GALIOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. S. p. 148.) stem shrubby, branched, furnished with 4 rows of hairs ; leaves 4 in a whorl, almost sessile, erect, linear, with revolute edges, 1- nerved, glabrous ; appendages of corona awl-formed, and ex- serted. ^ . G. Native of New Spain, in temperate parts, be- tween Valladolid de Mechoacan, and Lake Cuiseo. Leaves 2j inches long. Flowers size of those of A. nicea, white. Follicles solitary from abortion. Umbels about 10-flowered. Galium-like Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Shrub. * * * Lea.net alternate or scattered. 30 A. LINA'RIA (Cav. icon. 1. p. 42. t. 57.) stem shrubby? branched ? ; leaves scattered, approximate, sessile, linear, fili- form, acutely mucronate, with revolute edges, smooth, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 1J*2; " leaves linear, subulate, channelled ; umbels pedunculate, drooping, lateral, many- flowered," Cav. 1. c. Jj . G. Native of Mexico, at Chalco, and elsewhere. Flowers white. Appendages of corona clavate, ex Cav. ; small, horn-formed, ex Kunth ; corona yellowish. Branches downy, ex Kunth. Kunth's character of this plant does not exactly agree with that of Cavanilles. Linarin-leaved Swallow-wort. Fl. July. Clu 1802. PI. 2 ft. 31 A. ARMA'TA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 849.) stem suflruticose, beset with retrograde prickles ; leaves ovate-oblong, glabrous ; peduncles cyraose, lateral ; horns exserted. f? . S. Native of New Granada, Bertero. ^rmerf-stemmed Swallow-wort. Shrub erect. 32 A. LANUGINOSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 1 93.) stem simple ? ; leaves alternate, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base, woolly on both surfaces, white beneath ; um- bels extra-axillary and terminal, sometimes proliferous ; appen- dages of corona inclosed, y. . G. Native of Mexico, between Cassava and Pachuca. Herb fetid. Peduncles woolly. Plant downy at top. Flowers about the size of those of A. Curassd- cica, white ; segments emarginate. Woolly Swallow-wort. PL 1 to 2 feet. 33 A. RD'BRA (Lin. spec. 316.) leaves alternate, ovate, acu- minated ; umbels compound ; stem erect, simple, y. . H. Na- tive of Virginia. Gron. virg. 27. Flowers red. /Serf-flowered Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. PL 1 to 2 feet. 34 A. TCBEROSA (Lin. spec. 316.) stems erectish, divaricately branched at top, very hairy ; leaves scattered, oblong-lanceolate, hairy ; umbels disposed in a terminal, sub-corymb. I/ . H. Native of North America, in stony, sandy fields, and woods, common. Pursh, 1. p. 184. Ker. bot. reg. 76. Lodd. bot. 142 ASCLEPIADE^:. XLI. ASCLEPIAS. cab. 1297.- Dill. elth. t. 30. f. 34. Flowers very showy ; corolla and corona bright orange ; fructification yellow. Um- bels disposed as if they were in a terminal corymb. Tuberous-rooted Swallow-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1690. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 35 A. DECU'MBENS (Mill. diet. no. 10. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1218.) stems decumbent, hairy ; leaves lanceolate, very hairy; umbels lateral. I/ . H. Native of Carolina, in barren fields. A. tuberosa, ft. decumbens, Pursh, 1. p. 184. Flowers showy ; having the petals and nectaries bright orange-coloured ; and the fructification yellow. " Leaves ovate, obtuse, almost sessile, villous; stem decumbent, hairy." Gron. virg. 27. Decumbent Swallow-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. PI. decumbent. t Species not sufficiently known. 36 A. VANILLA (Rafin. in amer. month, journ. 4. nov. 1818. p. 39.) stem simple, downy at top ; leaves opposite, lanceolate, downy at the base, glabrous, ciliated ; umbels axillary, erect. y.. H. Native of Kentucky, on the banks of the green river. Flowers lilac, having the smell of Vanilla. fam^a-scented Swallow-wort. PI. ? 37 A. ? KLAPROTHIA'NA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 82.) leaves opposite, oblong, acuminated, downy beneath ; umbels axillary, few-flowered. 1(1. H. Native of North America, Klaproth. A. acuminata, Willd. reliq. tnss. ex Roam, et Schultes, 1. c. Klaproth's Swallow-wort. PI. ? 38 A. ? REPA'NDA (Gmel. syst. 1. p. 445. ex Schultes, 1. c.) leaves revolutely-repand, hairy. Tf. . H. Native of ? Leaves opposite, with revolute edges. Jtepand-leaved Swallow-wort. PI. 39 A. LU'TEA (Rafin. journ. hot. 1. p. 229.) leaves petiolate, oblong, acute, narrowed at the base ; umbels erect ; petals pro- cumbent : horns furnished with a subulate appendage. If.. H. Native of Philadelphia. Yellow Swallow-wort. PI. ? 40 A.? MARGARATA'CEA (HofFmansegg in Willd. reliq. mss. ex Schultes, syst. 6. p. 86.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, glabrous ; stem simple ; umbels erect, lateral, solitary. Q.S. Native of Brazil. Pearl-Qowered Swallow-wort. PI. 41 A. ? TRUNCA'TA (Willd. enutn. suppl. p. 13. Link. enum. 1. p. 252.) leaves petiolate, opposite, cordate-oblong, acumin- ated, quite glabrous, whitish beneath. J? . S. Native country unknown. The flowers of this plant have not been seen. Truncate Swallow-wort. Clt. ? Shrub. f f Plants referred to Asclepias by authors, but none of them evidently belong to the genus. Leaves of all opposite. 42 A. MUCRONA(TA (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap. 2. p. 155.) stems erect, herbaceous, hairy ; leaves oblong, obtuse, mucro- nate, glabrous ; umbels axillary. Tf. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, beyond Kamton's river, and near Krum river. Peduncles shorter than the leaves ; pedicels downy. Mucronate-leaved Swallow-wort. PI. 1 foot. 43 A. CONVOLVULA'CEA (Willd. spec. 1 . p. 1269.) stem twin- ing ; leaves roundish-cordate, rather pilose as well as the stems : lobes distant ; umbels compound. lj . ^. S. Native of Guinea. Very like A. fcetida. Common peduncles longer than the leaves, pilose. Convolvulus-like Swallow- wort. Shrub tw. 44 A. FILIFORMIS (Lin. suppl. 169. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap. 2. p. 154.) stem erect ; leaves filiform, glabrous; umbels lateral, on long peduncles, 5-6-flowered, length of leaves. I/. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, at Krum river. Margins of leaves revolute. Follicle solitary, elliptic. This and Cynanchum filiforme and Apocynum fliforme are probably one and the same plant. Filiform. Swallow-wort. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 45 A. GRAMINEA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 283.) stem branched; leaves linear, grassy, glabrous, with revolute edges ; horns of corona erect, mucronate. It- S. Native of the East Indies. Stem rather angular. Leaves an inch long. Corolla white, with undulated edges. Calyx villous outside. Grassy-leaved Swallow-wort. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 46 A. SPIRA'LIS (Forsk. aegypt. p. 49. no. 66.) stem shrubby ; leaves petiolate, oval-oblong ; flowers solitary, axillary ; petals linear, spiral, hairy inside ; corona of 5 ovate, erect leaflets, white, f? . G. Native of Arabia Felix, on the road to Djalia and Meneira, among Pdnicum dichotomum. Segments of calyx linear-lanceolate. Corolla spreading, with greenish yellow segments, and white corona. Stigma operculate. Follicles edible. Shrub not milky. Spiral-jyetatted Swallow-wort. Shrub. 47 A. CANE'SCENS (Willd. nov. act. am. nat. cur. 3. p. 418.) stems ascending at top, but procumbent at the base, downy ; leaves ovate, veiny, acute, downy ; umbels few-flowered, axil- lary, on short peduncles ; follicles ovate, acuminated, downy. Tf. . H. Native of Cappadocia and Galatia. Asclepias orien- talis, flore viridi, Tourn. cor. 2. — Buxb. cent. 3. p. 17. t. 30. Flowers green. Canescent Swallow-wort. PI. procumbent. 48 A. PARVIFLORA (Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. rel. mss. ex Schultes, syst. 6. p. 82.) stems scandent ; branches fascicled ; leaves elliptic ; flowers solitary, terminal. Tj . /~>. S. Native of South America. Smatt-floivered Swallow-wort. Shrub tw. 49 A. CLUSIJEFOLIA (Horsfield, in Willd. rel. mss. ex Schultes, syst. 6. p. 82.) leaves obovate, fleshy : umbels axillary ; stems twining. Jj . '"\ S. Native of Java. C ' lusia-leaved Swallow-wort. Shrub tw. 50 A. FERRUGINEA (Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. rel. mss. ex Schultes, syst. 6. p. 83.) clothed with rusty hairs ; leaves ovate- cordate ; stems twining ; umbels axillary. Jj . r*. S. Native of Caraccas, Rusty Swallow-wort. Shrub tw. 51 A. FORSKCE'LII (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 85.) twining ; corolla campanulate, green, twisted ; petals linear. 7£. H. Native of Arabia Felix, at Lohaja. A. nivea, Forsk. segypt. 51. no. 73. A. nivalis, Gmel. syst. p. 444. ForskceVs Swallow-wort. PI. tw. 52 A. MACROPHY'LLA (Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. rel. mss. ex Schultes, syst. 6. p. 86.) stems twining; leaves elliptic-cor- date, acute ; umbels nearly sessile. I? . r^. S. Native at Cu- mana. Long-leaved Swallow-wort. Shrub tw. 53 A. CYNANCHOIDES (Humb. et Bonpl. 1. c.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; umbels terminal. Pj . ^. S. Na- tive of Caraccas. Cynanchum-like Swallow-wort. Shrub tw. 54 A. HASTA'TA (Bunge, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 117.) stems twining, glabrous ; leaves opposite, petiolate, hastately cordate, acuminated, rather hispid above, and smoothish be- neath, the basilar lobes rounded : umbels axillary, pedunculate, many-flowered. I/ . ^. G. Native of China, on the mountains of Zui-wey-scan. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Perhaps a species of Dcemia. ? Hastate-leaved Swallow-wort. PI. tw. Cult. Asclepias is a genus of extremely handsome border flowers. They thrive best in peat earth, or light rich soil: they are generally increased by dividing at the root in spring, ASCLEPIADE^:. XLII. POLYOTUS. XLI1I. ENSLENIA. XLIV. GOMPHOCARPUS. 143 and sometimes by seeds. Rare or scarce species should always be grown in peat soil, and have a little protection during severe frost by mulching the roots. The greenhouse and stove species require the same treatment as other common stove and green- house plants. XLII. POLYOTUS (from vo\vs, polys, many, and owe ous otos, an ear ; leaflets of corona auriculate at the base). Nutt. in amer. phil. soc. trans, vol. 5. new ser. p. 199. — Ace- rates, Elliott. — Asclepias species of authors. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, 5-parted, reflexed. Corona simple, 5-parted ; segments ovate, concave, without any horn-formed process inside, auriculate at the base. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses compressed, pendulous, fixed by their tapering apices. Stigma depressed, mutic. Follicles smooth or villous. Seeds comose. — Erect herbs. Leaves scattered, or nearly opposite. Umbels inter- petiolar or terminal. 1 P. HETEROPHY'LLUS (Xutt. 1. c.) erect, villous ; leaves op- posite, oblong-ovate, generally acute ; umbels globose, inter- petiolar ; corona nearly equal to the gynostegium in height. 1£. H. Native of Pennsylvania and Virginia, in dry fields, ex Pursh ; and of the Arkansas territory, from Fort Smith to Red River. Asclepias viridiflora, Pursh, fl. 1. p. 181. Gom- phocarpus viridiflorus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 849. Ascl. lanceo- lata, Juss. Corolla greenish, with yellowish green corona. Umbels nearly sessile. Var. ft, lanceolata; leaves from oval to ovate-lanceolate, flat or undulated, downy or smooth. 1^ . H. Found at New Haven. Corolla greenish, with a brownish corona. Variable-leaved Polyotus. Fl. June, July. PI. 2 to 3 feet? 2 P. LANUGINOSUS (Nutt. 1. c. p. 200.) decumbent, hairy ; leaves ovate, scattered ; umbels generally solitary, terminal. 1(. H. Native of the Arkansas territory, below the confluence of the White river with the Missouri. Asclepias lanuginosus, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 168. Asclepias Nuttalli&na, Torrey. in ann. lye. new york, 2. p. 217. Root tuberous. Stem 4-6 inches high. Flowers greenish. A doubtful species, which requires to be examined in a living state. Woolly Polyotus. PI. \ foot, decumbent. 3 P. LOXGIFOLIUS (Nutt. 1. c.) puberulous ; stems erectish ; leaves scattered, long-linear, acute ; umbels interpetiolar, pe- dunculate ; corona stipitate, shorter than the gynostegium ; follicles villous. I/. H. Native from Illinois and Missouri to Red river, on the margins of ponds ; and in places overflowed by rain in winter. It is also to be found in swamps near the Atlantic sea coast ; from Sussex county and Delaware to Georgia. Asclepias longifolia, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. t. 116. Acerates longifolia, Ell. sketch, bot. p. 317. As- clepias incarnata, Walt. fl. car. p. 106. Ascl. floriclana, Lam. diet. 1. p. 284. A. paupercula, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 167. Gomphocarpus longifoliura, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 849. Umbels loose, nearly globose. Leaves 6 inches long, and \ an inch broad, downy beneath. Flowers small, greenish ; petals tipped with obscure purple. Segments of corona oblong, concave, with a purplish line near the base. Fructification yellow. Long-leaved Polyotus. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816. PI. 2 to 3 ft. 4 P. ANGUSTIFOLIUS (Nutt. 1. c. p. 201.) stems erect; leaves linear, nearly opposite ; umbels interpetiolar, nearly sessile ; corona rather longer than the gynostegium, sessile ; leaflets of corona tridentate at the apex. 7£ . H. Native of the Arkansas territory, in dry prairies, from Fort Smith to the Red River. Stems naked at bottom. Leaves somewhat revolute and scabrous on the edges, acute. Umbels 3-4- 8- flowered. Flowers greenish, with a mixture of white. Leaflets of corona concave and auri- culate below : having the central tooth of each small. This species is nearly allied to Gomphocarpus and Asclepias, par- ticularly to Ascl. cinerea. Narrorv-leaved Polyotus. PI. 1£ foot. 5 P. OBOVA'TUS (Nutt. 1. c.) leaves obovate, mucronate, to- mentose beneath ; umbels almost sessile ; corona twice as long as the gynostegium. Tf. . H. Native of Georgia. Asclepias obovata, Ell. sketch, p. 321. Flowers greenish. Obuvate-leaved. Polyotus. PI. Cult. For culture and propagation see Asclepias, above. XLIII. ENSLE'NIA (so named after Aloysius Enslen, an as- siduous and practical botanist, patronized in his researches in the United States by Prince Lichtenstein). Nutt. gen. amer. 1 . p. 164. and in amer. phil. soc. trans. 5. p. 203. LIN. SYST. Pentdntlria, Digynia. Corolla 5-parted, erect. Corona simple, 5-parted, petaloid, flat, truncate : the segments ending in a bifid thread. Stigma conical, sub-bilamellate. The rest as in Asclepias. — A twining herb. Leaves opposite. Flowers umbellate. 1 E. A'LBIDA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. c. amer. phil. soc. trans. 1. c.). Tf.. *"\ H. Native near Fort Smith, and other places along the banks of the Arkansas ; found also on the banks of the Potomac, Scioto and Ohio, &c. Whitish-dowered Enslenia. PI. tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Asclepias, above. XLIV. GOMPHOCA'RPUS (from yo^g, gomphos, a club, and Kupirog, harpos, a fruit ; in reference to the ventricose fol- licles). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 37. — Asclepias species, Lin. and Tliunb. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla 5-parted, re- flexed. Corona seated on the top of the tube of the filaments ; 5-leaved ; foliola cucullate, furnished with a tooth on both sides, empty inside. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses compressed, fixed by their tapering tops, pendulous. Stigma depressed, mutic. Follicles ventricose, echinated by soft spines. Seeds comose. — Erect shrubs or subshrubs, na- tives of South Africa. Leaves opposite, with usually revolute edges. Umbels interpetiolar. 1 G. ARBORE'SCENS (R. Br. 1. c. p. 38. and in Hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 79.) stem villous, branched ; leaves ovate- oblong, glabrous, with an acumen, fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Asclepias arborescens, Lin. mant. 2 1C. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1271. Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 156. Jacq. schoenbr. 1. p. 25. t. 50. Asclepias crassifolia, Hort. par. Asclepias pubescens, Lin. mant. 2 15. exclusive of the synonymes which belong to G. crispa. — Burm. afr. 31. t. 13. — Pluk. amalth. 18. t. 359. f. 3. Peduncles, pedicels, and calyxes villous. Corollas white, glabrous. Arborescent Gomphocarpus. Fl. Dec. Clt 1714. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 2 G. FRUTICOSUS (R. Br. 1. c.) stem downy ; leaves linear- lanceolate, glabrous. Jj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, beyond the first range of mountains, abundant. Sims, bot. mag. 1628. Asclepias fruticosa, Lin. spec. 313. Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 154. A. glabra, Mill. diet. no. 12. fig. 45. Apo- cynum salicifolium, Medic, act. parl. — Herm. par. 23. t. 24. Plukn. aim. 36. t. 138. f. 2. — Asclepias crassifolia, Lin. syst. p. 214. Branches slender. Leaves 4-5 inches long and an inch broad. Flowers white. Peduncles and pedicels downy. Shrubby Gomphocarpus. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1714. Sh. 5 to 7 feet. 3 G. SETOSUS (R. Br. 1. c.) branches villous ; leaves glabrous. \1 . G. Native of Arabia Felix. Asclepias setosus, Vahl, symb. 1. p. 23. t. 8. Forsk. desc. p. 51. Leaves an inch 144 ASCLEPIADE^E. XLIV. GOMPHOCARPUS. XLV. OTARIA. XLVI. OXYSTELMA. XLVII. IPHISIA. long. Peduncles and pedicels villous. Flowers green. Fol- licles bristly. Bristly Gomphocarpus. Shrub. 4 G. CRISPUS (R. Br. 1. c.) branches downy ; leaves lanceo- late-cordate, undulated, hispid. Tj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Asclepias crispa, Lin. suppl. 170. mant. 215. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap. 2. p. 154. — Commel. rar. t. 17. — Pluk. phyt. t. 139. f. 1.— Mor. hist. sect. 15. t. 3. f. 37. Peduncles and calyxes pilose. Flowers greenish yellow. Lam. Umbels solitary, terminal, pedunculate, purple, ex Lin. Cur/ed-leaved Gomphocarpus. Fl.July. Clt. 1714. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 5 G. ANGUSTIFOLIUS (Link, emim. 1. p. 251.) stem erect, downy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, flat, glabrous. Tj . G. Na- tive of Mexico. Asclepias angustifolia, Willd. enum. 13. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 70. Asclepias linearis, Hort. Leaves 2 inches long. Umbels dense, terminal, or nearly so. Corolla small, flesh-coloured or white. Narrow-leaved Gomphocarpus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. Cult. These are very elegant shrubs when in blossom. They are of easy culture, growing most freely in a light soil ; and are increased by seed, which ripen in abundance. XLV. OTA'RIA (from one «>roc, ous otos, an ear ; the leaves of the corona are biauriculate at the base). Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 149. — Asclepias auriculata, H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla 5-parted, reflexed. Corona 5-leaved, seated on the upper part of the tube of the filaments ; leaflets cucullate, each run- ning from the bottom into a horn-formed process, biauriculate on the inside at the base. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses compressed, fixed by the tapering apices, pen- dulous. Stigma concave, mutic. — An erect, herbaceous plant. Leaves opposite, petiolate, reticulately veined, membranous. Umbels interpetiolar. Flowers greenish yellow. 1 O. AURICULA'TA. I/. G. Native of Mexico, near Ario, in groves. Asclepias auriculata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 149. t. 228. Branches terete, downy. Leaves oblong, acute, rounded at the base, flat, membranous, glabrous. Umbels involucrated by many downy bracteas. Style pilose at top. Auricled Otaria. PI. 3 to 4 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Gomphocarpus, above. XLVI. OXYSTE'LMA (from o£ve, oxys, sharp, and stelma, a crown ; in reference to the foliola of corona being acute). R. Br. in wern. mem. 1. p. 40. prod. fl. nov. holl. p. 462. — Periploca species, Roxb. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, spreading. Column exserted. Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets acute, undivided. Anthers terminated by a membrane. Pollen mas- ses compressed, fixed by their attenuated apices, pendulous. Stigma mutic. Follicles smooth. Seeds comose. — Suffruticose, twining, glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite. Racemes or um- bels interpetiolar. 1 O. ESCULE'NTUM (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate, veiny, smooth ; racemes longer than the leaves ; corolla fringed with hairs ; follicles oblong, acuminated. %. . S. Native of the East Indies, in hedges, and amongst bushes on the banks of water courses. Periploca esculenta, Lin. suppl. 168. Roxb. cor. 1. p. 13. t. 11. Asclepias rosea, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 40. — Pluk. aim. 19. t. 359. f. 6. Root composed of filiform fibres. Leaves deciduous during the dry season, 4-6 inches long. Flowers large, beautiful white, with a tinge of rose colour. Roxburgh does not find that the natives ever eat any part of this plant ; but cattle, however, eat it. It is the Dooghdika of the Sanscrit, see Jones, asiat. res. 4. p. 268. Esculent Oxystelma. Clt. 1816. Shrub tw. 2 O. WALLICHII (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 54.) leaves narrow, linear -lanceolate ; margins of corolla ciliated ; follicles short, oval, obtuse. J? . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, on the banks of the Ganges and Irawaddi ; and of the province of Tanjore, near Pathacottah. This is very nearly allied to O. esculentum, only differing in the sharper and shorter follicles. Wallicli's Oxystelma. Shrub tw. 3 O. CARNOSUM (R. Br. prod. 462.) leaves fleshy, suboval, mucronate, glabrous ; fascicles of flowers umbel- formed, pe- dunculate ; segments of corolla linear. Jj . l^>. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. This species differs consider- ably from the rest, both in the form of the corolla, and in that of its corona. Fleshy-]ea\ed Oxystelma. Shrub tw. 4 O. ZIPPELIA'NUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 1053.) leaves narrow- linear-lanceolate, cuspidate, smoothish ; peduncles 2-3-flowered at the apex ; corolla having the base and margin bearded. Tj . ^\ S. Native of Java, about Batavia, collected in the gar- dens of Zippeli. Zippeli's Oxystelma. Fl. Oct. Shrub tw. 5 O. HOOPERIA'NITM (Blum, bijdr. p. 1053.) leaves cordate, acuminated, smoothish ; fascicles many-flowered ; corolla gla- brous. T? . ^.S. Native of Java, about Kuripan, in the garden of James Hooper ; and at the foot of Mount Salak, where it is called Aroy tjapu tuhur. Hooper's Oxystelma. Fl. year. Shrub tw. 6 O. BORNOUE'NSE (R. Br. in append, to Clapp. and Denh. trav. p. 34.) flowers racemose ; segments of corolla semi-ovate; follicles inflated ; leaves lanceolate, cordate at base. Pj . /~>. G. Native of north Africa, in Bornou. This species differs from 0. esculenta in the inflated follicles, and in the leaves being cordate at the base. Bornou Oxystelma. PI. tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Oxypelalum, p. 148. XLVII. IPHI'SIA (meaning unknown to us). Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 52. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Dygynia. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft. Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets fleshy, suddenly narrowed to the apex. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen mas- ses ventricose, fixed by their tops to the extremities of ascend- ing, filiform appendiculi, or retinacula, pendulous. Stigma mutic. Follicles smooth, attenuated at the apex, glabrous. Seeds comose. — Erectish or twining herbs or subshrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers small. Umbels interpetiolar, simple, ag- gregate, or almost sessile at the bends of the peduncles. This genus is very nearly related to Tylophora, both in habit and structure of the flowers, but is separated on account of the truly pendulous pollen masses. 1 I. MULTIFLORA (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) suffruticose, twin- ing, glabrous ; leaves oval, cuspidately-acuminated, petiolate ; umbels sessile at the flexures of the common peduncle, disposed alternately ; segments of corolla short ; retinacula or appendi- culi elongated, bent upwards at the base and downwards at the apex, fj . r^. G. Native of the Neelghery mountains. Many-flowered Iphisia. Shrub tw. 2 I. GOVA'NII (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 52.) erectish ; leaves almost sessile from broad, oval, acuminated, to lanceolate acute ; umbels simple, aggregate, few-flowered ; pedicels as long as the peduncles ; segments of corolla lanceolate, glabrous inside and hairy outside ; retinacula or appendiculi short, at first erectish. 1? . G. Native of the Himalaiah. ASCLEPIADEJi. XLVIII. PESTATROPIS. XLIX. RAPHISTEMMA. L. UBOSTELMA. LI. ANAVTHERDC. 145 Gotan's Iphisia. Shrub or herb. ? Cult. For culture and propagation see Calotropis, p. 147. XLVIII. PENTA'TROPIS (from xtvrt, penle, five, and rpenric, trapis, a keel). R. Br. in Salt. trav. append, ex Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 52. — Asclepias microphylla, Roxb. Liv. STST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft. Stamineous corona 5-leaved; leaflets opposite the anthers, ad- nate vertically to the gynostegium, averse, loose or free at apex ; pollen masses ventricose, pendulous, fixed beneath their tops. Stigma mutic. Follicles smooth. Seeds comose. — Twining subshrubs. Leaves rather fleshy, flat. Umbels interpetiolar, few-flowered, almost sessile. Follicles obsoletely trigonal, flat- rish on one side. 1 P. MICROPHY'LLA (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) twining, gla- brous ; leaves rather fleshy, ovate, mucronate, rounded at the base or subcordate; umbels almost sessile, fe w- flowered ; pedicels long-filiform ; calyx minute ; corolla spreadingly reflexed ; segments acute ; leaflets of corona broad, averse at the base, cuspidate and incurved at the apex, equal to the gynostegium. ^ . />. S. Native of Coromandel and Bengal, on argillaceous banks of rivers : particularly the river called Yamuna, in Bengal. Asclepias microphylla, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 35. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 85. Asclep. tenuiflora, Roxb. mus. ind. or. t. 610. Oxystelma caudata, Ham. herb. Wall. ascl. no. 110. — Asclep. alexiaca, Jacq. may be this plant, but the figure in Rheed. mal. 9. t. 13., to which he refers his plant, has no affinity with this. Roxburgh supposes that synonyme to be Tylophora asthrndtica, but there are many obvious reasons against that affinity. Small-leared Pentatropis. Shrub tw. 2 P. CTXASCHOIDES (R. Br. in append, to Salt, trav.) ^ . *"\ G. Native of Abyssinia. We know nothing of this plant but the name. Cynanchum-like Pentatropis. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Oxypetalum, p. 148. XLIX. RAPHISTEMMA (from fajts, raphis, a needle, and artfifia, stemma, a crown ; in reference to the narrow, elon- gated leaflets of the corona). Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 2. p. 40. t. 163. Wight and Arn. contrib. ind. bot. p. 54. — Asclepias pul- chella, Roxb. Lis. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla campanulate ; limb 5-parted : staminal corona 5-leaved : leaflets compressed, elongated. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses fixed beneath their apexes, pendulous. Stigma bluntly conical. Follicles solitary by abortion, somewhat ventricose. Seeds comose. — A glabrous twining shrub. Leaves largish, cordate. Flowers white, corymbose. Corona exserted, equal to the limb of the corolla. This genus, Dr. Wallich suggests, is very nearly allied to Kanahia, the difference appearing more in habit and country than any character afforded bv the flower. 1 R'. PCLCHE LLUM (Wall. 1. c. t. 163.). »2 . ^. S. Native of Silhet, Gualpara, Tavoy, Pegu, near Rangoon. Asclepias pulchella, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 54. Pergularia ? campanulata, Hamilt. herb. Flowers large. \eat Raphistemma. Shrub tw. Cull. For culture and propagation see Oxypetalum, p. 148. L. UROSTE'LMA (from ovpa, oura, a tail, and tmXfia, ttelma, a crown : in reference to the tails of the gynostegium). Bunge, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 118. LIN. STSI. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted ; with lanceolate, acute segments. Corolla campanulate, deeply 5- cleft ; segments villous inside, and at lenyth revolute. Corona simple, shortly 5-lobed : lobes obtuse ; gynostegium furnished VOL. IT. with 5 membranous processes, and each of these processes is furnished with a long filiform appendage, which is pentagonal at the base. Pollen masses twin, solid, pendulous. Follicles muricated. Seeds comose. — A scandent or twining plant. Leaves cordate, waved, acuminated. Racemes axillary, pedun- culate. Flowers pale, dirty reddish white. 1 U. CHINB'NSE (Bunge, 1. c.). ^ . ^. G. Native of China. China Urostelma. PI. tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Oxypetalum, p. 148. LI. ANA'NTHERIX (from a, priv. and avQtpit, anlherix, an awn ; there are no horn-formed processes from the base of the leaflets of the corona, as in Asclepias). Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 169. and in amer. phil. soc. trans. 5. p. 201 — Asclepias spe- cies of authors. Lix. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla subcampanulate, 5-cleft. Corona simple, 5-lobed; lobes compressed, empty inside (not furnished with a horn-formed process, as in Ascle- pias), incurved, furnished with a little segment inside, longer than the gynostegium, which is sometimes pedicellate. The rest as in Asclepias. — Erect, herbaceous plants. Leaves alternate or opposite, sometimes subverticillate, and the axils sometimes spinulose. Flowers large, umbellate, or panicled, terminal. Follicles muricated or smooth. This genus is very nearly allied to Calotropis, but differs essentially in the insertion of the corona, and in the form and character of its segments. SECT. I. LEPISTE'LJIA (from Xeric, lepis, a scale ; and ttelma, a crown ; in reference to the scales inside the corona). Segments of corona furnished each with a little scale or seg- ment inside. Gynostegium sessile. Follicles usually muri- cated. 1 A. VIRIDIS (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 169. amer. phil. soc. trans. 5. p. 201.) leaves opposite, sessile, obovate-oblong, mu- cronulate, smoothish ; umbels cauline, subpanicled, few-flow- ered ; segments of corona very long. If. H. Native of the Arkansas territory, in damp pine barrens, near St. Mary's ; and Carolina. Asclepias viridis ? Walt, fl. car. p. 107. Ascl. con- nivens. Baldw. in Ell. sketch, p. 320. Podostigma viridis, £11. sketch. 327. Gomphocarpus viridis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 849. Corolla green. Corona purplish ; fructification white. Green-flowered Anantherix. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1812. PI | to 1 foot. 2 A. PANICULA'TUS (Nutt. in amer. phil. soc. trans. 5. p. 203.) leaves scattered, ovate-oblong, bluntish, mucronulate ; umbels divided, subpanicled ; corona one half shorter than the corolla ; follicles muricated. If. . H. Native of the Arkansas territory, in cedar swamps, near Fort Smith ; and also near the Red river. Asclepias viridis, Walt. fl. carol, p. 137. Pursb, fl. 1. p. 1 83. Stem angular. Leaves scabrous on the margins, 4-5 inches long, and 1-1-| broad. Umbels several, terminal. Co- rolla yellowish-green. Corona variegated with purple and white. Panided-Qoveered Anantherix. PL 1 to 2 feet. 3 A. DECC'MBESS (Nutt. 1. c.) leaves scattered, nearly oppo- site, ovate-lanceolate, very long, acute ; umbels nearly globose, terminal ; corona about equal in length to the corolla. 1£ . H. Native of the Arkansas territory, on dry hills, near the con- fluence of the Kiamesha with the Red river. Stem rather an- gular, 1 to 1-i inches long. Leaves scabrous on the edges, Umbels solitary. Peduncles downy. Corolla greenish. Co- rona brownish. Follicles muricated. Decumbent Anantherix. PI. decumbent. SECT. II. STYLA'NDRA (from trruXof, stylos, a column, and a»Tjp avcpoc, aner andros, a male ; in reference to the gynos- tegium being pedicellate). Nutt. in amer. phil. soc. trans. 5. p. 203. Segments of corona destitute of the little segment 146 ASCLEPIADE.E. LI. ANANTHERIX. LII. XYSMALOBIUM. LIII. CALOTROPIS. inside. Column of fructification or gynostegium pedicellate. Follicles smooth. 4 A. PU'MILUS (Nutt. in amer. phil. soc. trans. 5. p. 203.) leaves linear, nearly opposite, sessile ; segments of corolla almost 3 times longer than the corona. If. . H. Native of Georgia, in pine barrens, in Effingham county, Elliott ; near St. Mary's, Balwyn ; near Charleston, Eraser ; on dry sandy fields, South Carolina, Walter ; near Fort Barrington, Lyon. Stylandra pumila, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 170. Podostigma pu- bescens, Ell. sketch. 1. p. 326. Asclepias pedicellata, Walt. fl. car. p. 106. Pursh, fl. 1. p. 182. Leaves downy, rough from dots above. Segments of corona lunulate. Flowers greenish yellow. Plant 3 inches high. Z)n>ar/ Anantherix. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. £ ft. 5 A. BU'NGEI ; stems simple, erect, glabrous ; leaves oppo- site, lanceolate-linear, acute, glabrous beneath ; but having the margins rather hispid above ; panicle terminal, dichotomous, loose, many-flowered. 1£. H. Native of China, at the foot of the mountains near Lun-zuan-ssy. Asclepias paniculata, Bunge, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 117. Petals oblong, blunt- ish, greenish, glabrous. Cuculi concave, obtuse. Bunge's Anantherix. PI. -| foot. ? "f- Doubtful species. 6 A. TORREYA'NUS ; leaves ovate. I/ . H. Native of North America, among the Rocky Mountains. Anantherix, nov. spec. Nutt. mss. ex Torrey. ann. lye. new york, 2. p. 219. Torrey's Anantherix. PI. ? 7 A. NUTTALLIA'NUS ; leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse at the base, petiolate. 1£. H. Native along with the preceding. Anantherix, nov. spec. Nutt. mss. ex Torrey. 1. c. Nuttall's Anantherix. PI. ? Cult, For culture and propagation see Asclepias, p. 142. LII. XYSMALO'BIUM (£v oblong, acuminated ; umbels few-flowered ; corolla flat, fleshy ; corona short. Tj . S. Native of the Moluccas. Asclepias Sussuela, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 31. Corona Ariadnes, Rumph. amb. 5. t. 182. Corolla nearly 3 inches in diameter when fully expanded, ex Roxb. Sussuela Calotropis. Shrub. 7 C. HERBA'CEA ; herbaceous, erect, smooth ; leaves petio- late, oblong ; umbels compound ; corolla with a globular tube, which incloses the corona ; segments or petals triangular, spread- ing ; leaflets of corona shorter than the gynostegium, acute, and spreadingly recurved at the base, but tridentate at the apex, and lying upon the gynostegium. If. . S. Native of the inte- rior parts of Bengal. Padmarka, Jones, asiat. res. 4. p. 267. Stems nearly simple. Young shoots green. Leaves pale green, paler beneath, furnished with a few bristly glands on the middle nerve on the upper side at the base. Peduncles longer than the pedicels, mixed with subulate bracteas. Flowers large, a mixture of purple, red, and white Very like C. gigantea. Root woody. Herbaceous Calotropis. PI. 2 to 3 feet. Cult- All the species of Calotropis bear handsome, large flowers, and on that account are worth cultivating in every col- lection of stove plants. A mixture of loam, sand, and peat, is a good soil for them ; and young cuttings, thinly planted in a pot filled with sand, strike root freely under a hand-glass, in heat. If care is not taken with them, they are very liable to rot, as the least injury causes them to decay. LIV. OXYPE'TALUM (from o£«e, oxys, sharp, and TrtraXov, petalon, a petal ; in reference to the long, sharp-pointed petals). R. Br. mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 41. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 197. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 1. p. 48.— Gothofreda, Vent, choix. p. 7. t. 60. Lix. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla with a short ven- tricose tube, and a 5-parted limb (f. 19. c.); segments ligulate at top (f. 19. c.). Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets roundish, simple, fleshy (f.19./.). Anthers terminated by a membrane; pol- len masses linear, pendulous, fixed to the curvitures of the pro- cesses, at length ascending. Stigma terminated by an elongated, bipartite acumen (f.!9.e.). Follicles unknown. — Twining shrubs, FIG. 19. natives of South America. Leaves opposite. Umbels inter- petiolar, subcorymbose or cymose. Flowers sweet-scented. ' Tnining shrubs. 1 O. BA'NKSII (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 91. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 1. p. 48. t. 29.) twining; leaves ovate-cordate, downy; peduncles many-flowered, subcorymbose ; segments of corolla linear-lanceolate, acuminated, reflexed ; leaflets of corona round- ish ; retinacula of anthers naked at top. fj . ^. S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro, where it was first discovered by Sir Joseph Banks in 1768. Corolla yellowish, or cream-coloured; segments much longer than the tube. Banks'* Oxypetalum. Shrub tw. 2 O. APPENDICULA\UM (Mart. I.e. p. 48. t. 30.) twining; leaves ovate, acuminated, cordate, downy ; peduncles cymose, usually 4-flowered ; segments of corolla narrow-lanceolate, acute, erectly spreading ; leaflets of corona roundish ; retina- cula of anthers furnished with a membranous appendage at apex. I? . ^. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, among bushes, near Lagoa, between St. Joao d'El Rey and Villa Rica. Flowers pale yellow. Appendiculate-Qovrered Oxypetalum. Clt. 1823. Sh. tw. 3 O. RIPA'RIUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 154. t. 231. Mart. 1. c. p. 49.) twining ; leaves ovate, cordate, acuminated, downy ; peduncles 2-6 - flowered, subcorymbose ; segments of corolla long-linear ; leaflets of corona emarginately 2-lobed ; retinacula of anthers naked at top. Tj . ^. S. Na- tive of New Granada, on the banks of the river Mayo, near Mamendoy ; Mexico at Misan- tla ; also of Brazil, in the pro- vince of Minas Geraes, near St. Joao Baptista. Corollas cream- coloured, or pale yellow, (f. 19.) River-side Oxypetalum. Shrub tw. 4 O. MONTA'NCM (Mart. 1. c. p. 49.) twining ; leaves lanceo- late, acute, petiolate ; peduncles many-flowered, cymose ; petals linear, erect, reflexed at top ; leaflets of corona acute ; retina- cula of anthers sagittately dilated at top. T? . ^. S. Native of Brazil, on the top of Mount Itambe da Villa do Principe. Flowers cream-coloured. Mountain Oxypetalum. Shrub tw. 5 O. BERTERIA'NUM (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 850. add. p. 111.) leaves elliptic, mucronate, downy ; cymes lateral, crowded ; flowers small. I? . *"\ S.. Native of New Granada, Bertero. Bertero's Oxypetalum. Shrub tw. 6 O. MEGAPOTA'MICUM (Spreng. syst. add. p. 111.) twining; leaves cordate-lanceolate, acuminated, smooth ; peduncles cy- mose, clothed with hoary down. ^ • ^ S. Native of Brazil, at Rio Grande. Rio Grande Oxypetalum. Shrub tw. 7 O. GOTHOFRE'DA (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 92.) twining ; leaves cordate, ovate, tomentose ; racemes few-flowered, axillary and terminal ; segments of corolla lanceolate, acute, 4 times longer than the tube, fj . '"\ S. Native of New Spain, at Santa Fe de Bogota. Gothofreda cordifblia, Vent, choix, p. 7. t. 60. Glands solitary at the base of the petioles. Golliofreda's Oxypetalum. Shrub tw. • * Erect shrubs. B O. FOLIOSUU (Mart. 1. c. p. 50.) villous ; stems erect, her- u 2 148 ASCLEPIADE/E. LIV. OXYPETALUM. LV. SCHUBERTIA. LVI. LACHNOSTOMA. LVII. MACROSCEPIS. LVIII. ARAUJIA. baceous ; leaves approximate, nearly sessile, ovate-cordate, acute ; peduncles many-flowered, cymosely corymbose, approx- imate towards the tops of the branches ; segments of corolla erect, linear, acute; leaflets of corona emarginately 2-lobed ; retinacula of anthers naked at top. If. . S. Native of Brazil. Corolla cream-coloured, with a violaceous base. Corona rose- coloured. Leafy Oxypetalum. Shrub erect. 9 C. ERE'CTUM (Mart. 1. c.) stems erect, herbaceous ; leaves ovate-cordate, acute, downy ; peduncles 1 -flowered; segments of corolla linear-lanceolate, spreading ; leaflets of corona emar- ginately bidentate ; retinacula of anthers naked. If . S. Na- tive of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, in fields at Capao and Villa Rica. Corollas cream-coloured. Erect Oxypetalum. PL erect. 10 O. STRICTUM (Mart. 1. c.) stem erect, herbaceous, straight ; leaves lanceolate, cordate, almost sessile ; segments of corolla lanceolate, acute ; leaflets of corona profoundly bifid ; mem- branes of anthers elongated, but the retinacula are naked. I? . S. Native of Brazil, in fields, at the river Paraopeba, be- tween St. Joao d'El Key, and Villa Rica. Corolla yellow. Corona white. Straight Oxypetalum. PL erect. 11 O. CAPITA'TUM (Mart. 1. c.) stem herbaceous, erect ; leaves lanceolate, acute, villous ; flowers crowded, in globose umbels ; leaflets of corona bifid; retinacula naked. }/ . S. Native of the Brazils, in the Mine provinces, nearContendas, in St. Philip. Flowers pale yellow. ? Capitate-Row ereA Oxypetalum. PI. erect. Cult. The species answer well for training up the rafters, in a stove, or warm part of a greenhouse. A mixture of loam, sand, and peat, or any light rich soil, suits them well ; and cut- tings strike root freely in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. LV. SCHUBE'RTIA (named after H. B. Schubert, a pro- fessor at Erlang). Mart. nov. gen. bras. 1. p. 55. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube gibbous at the base ; limb 5-parted, spreading. Stami- neous corona inclosed in the tube, 5-leaved ; leaves adnate to the tube of the filaments, lanceolate, connivent. Anthers ter- minated by a membrane ; pollen masses pendulous, fixed by their attenuated apexes. Stigma turbinate, plano-convex at top. Follicles ? Seeds comose. — Twining hairy shrubs, na- tives of South America, in shady places. Leaves opposite, pe- tiolate, cordate. Umbels pedunculate, interpetiolar. Corollas rather fleshy, usually bearded inside. 1 S. MULTIFLORA (Mart. 1. c. p. 56. t. 33.) leaves cordate- obovate, acute ; umbels many-flowered ; tube of corolla gla- brous inside, shorter than the segments, which are linear. T? . ^. S. Native of Brazil, in shady places, among granite rocks, in the province of Pernambuco. Cynanchum multiflo- rum, Spreng. syst. add. p. ] 10. Corollas white. Many -flowered Schubertia. Shrub tw. 2 S. GRANDIFLORA (Mart. 1. c. p. 57.) leaves cordate, obo- vate, acute; umbels few-flowered ; tube of corolla bearded in- side, equal to the segments of the limb. T; . ^. S. Native of Brazil. Corollas white. ? Great-flowered Schubertia. Shrub tw. 3 S. LONGIFL6RA (Mart. 1. c.) leaves cordate, obovate, acute, villous ; umbels many-flowered ; tube of corolla very hairy inside, 3 times longer than the segments, which are lanceolate. Tj . ^. S. Native of Carthagena, in woods. Cynanchum lon- giflorum, Jacq. amer. 85. t. 59. ed. pict. p. 45. t. 85. Macros- cepis longiflora, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 851. Corollas greenish white. Long-Jlowered Schubertia. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Oxypetalum, above. LVI. LACHNO'STOMA (from Xax^, lachne, wool ; and tTTo^ia, stoma, a mouth ; throat of corolla bearded.) H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 198. t. 232. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla somewhat salver-shaped, with a short tube, a 5-parted spread- ing limb ; and a bearded throat ; segments of the limb ovate- oblong, acute, rather unequal-sided. Stamineous corona in- serted in the throat of the corolla, 5-leaved ; leaflets lunately 2-lobed, fleshy. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses compressed, laterally fixed by their tapering tops, pen- dulous. Stigma mutic, peltate. — A twining shrub ; with oppo- site leaves ; and interpetiolar racemes. Flowers twin, approxi- mating in an umbellate manner. This genus is allied to Cynanchum on one hand, and Oxypetalum on the other ; but is distinguished from them, in the form of the corolla, and cor- puscles, as well as by the mutic stigma, and in the corona being inserted in the throat of the corolla ; and from both, in the filaments being adnate to the tube of the corolla, and in the throat being bearded. 1 L. TIGR!NUM (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) fj . ^. S. Native of New Granada, near Santa Fe de Bogota. Stems densely clothed with rusty hairs, as well as the petioles and peduncles and ca- lyxes. Leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, villous on both surfaces, and beset with rusty hairs on the nerves and veins beneath. Petioles 4-5 inches long, and 2 broad. Ca- lyx hairy. Corolla hairy outside ; segments elegantly and reti- culately spotted. 7%er-spotted-flowered Lachnostoma. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Oxypetalum, above. LVII. MACROSCE'PIS (from ^Kpoe, macros, long ; and oxtTi-w, skepo, to cover; in reference to the calyx being larger than the corolla.) H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 200. t. 233. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, ex- ceeding the corolla a little, bracteate at the base. Corolla thickisli, with a globose-ventricose tube, and a spreading, 5- parted limb ; segments of limb obliquely ovate, obtuse. Corona of 5 fleshy scales, inserted in the throat of the corolla. Gynos- tegium saucer-shaped, hardly exceeding the tube of the corolla. Filaments connate, adnate to the tube of the corolla. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses compressed, pendu- lous, fixed by their tops. Stigma mutic, peltate. Follicles un- known— A twining plant, with hairy branches. Leaves oppo- site, obovate, cordate, hairy. Peduncles interpetiolar, 2-flowered ; pedicels involucrated by bracteas. This genus is very nearly allied to Lachnostoma, from which it is distinguished by the large calyx, by the structure of the corona, gynostegium, and beardless throat. There is also considerable affinity between this genus and Gonolobus. 1 M. OBOVA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, L c. p. 201. t. 233.) (j . ^. S. Native of New Spain, on the shore, about Campeche! M. patens, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 851. Cynanchum hirsutum, Vahl. Leaves 3j inches long, and 2 broad. Petioles and midrib of leaves on the under side beset with rusty hairs. Segments of calyx pilosely ciliated. Corolla glabrous. Obovate-\eaved Macroscepis. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Oxypetalum, above. LVIII. ARAU'JIA (named after Antonio de Araujo, a great promoter of botany in Portugal.) Brot. in Lin. trans. 12. p. 62. Physianthus, Mart. nov. gen. bras. 1. p. 53. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx large, 5-parted (f. 20. ASCLEPIADE.E. LVIII. ARACJIA. LIX. KAKAHIA. LX. DIPLOLEPIS. LXI. HOLOSTEMMA. 149 FIG. 20. a.) Corolla campanulately urceolate (f. 20. 6.) with 5 swellings outside at the base, and a corresponding number of cavities in- side ; limb spreading a little, 5-cleft. Column inclosed. Sta- mineous corona of 5 leaves ; leaflets cucullate, furnished each with a horizontal scale outside. Anthers terminated by a mem- brane ; pollen masses pendulous, fixed by their tapering tops. Stigma ovate, 2-horned at the apex. Follicles ovate, ven- tricose, bent downwards, semi-bilocular ; dissepiment or placenta covered with numerous lamellae. Seeds comose, adhering to the lamellae of the dissepiment. — Twining, herbaceous plants. Leaves opposite, cordate. Racemes interpetiolar, few-flowered, cymose. Flowers white. 1 A. SERICOFERA (Brot. 1. c. p. 62. t. 1.) leaves cordate, gla- brous, glandular at the top of the petioles ; racemes cymose, pendulous, few-flowered ; root creeping. T; . ^. S. Native of Peru, from which place it was received by Brotero, under the name of Apocynum Peru- tianum. Flowers white, (f. 20.) Silk-bearing Araujia. Fl. ? Clt. ? Shrub tw. 2 A. A'LBENS ; herbaceous ; leaves acute at the apex, cor- dately truncate at the base ; white and pruinose beneath ; flowers sub-dichotomously cy- mose. fj . ^. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul. Physianthus albens, Mart. nov. gen. bras. 1. p. 54. t. 32. Graham, in hot. mag. t. 3201. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1759. Leaves tomentose beneath, and beset with fine scattered pili above. Co- rolla downy, white, with a tinge of red; tube length of calyx. J»7«^-flowered Araujia. Fl July, Aug. Clt. 1830. Sh. twining. 3 A. MEGAPOTA'MICA ; twining, glabrous ; leaves sagittately cordate, acuminated ; peduncles 1-flowered ; lobes of corona denticulated. ^ . ^. S. Native of Brazil, at Rio Grande. Physianthus Megapotamica, Spreng. syst. add. p. 112. Rio Grande Araujia. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Oxypetalum, p. 148. LIX. KANA'HIA (the plant is called Kanakk by the Arabs.) R. Br. in. mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 38. Asclepias species, Forsk. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla campanulate, with a 5-parted limb. Column half-inclosed. Stamineous corona, seated on the top of the tube of the filaments, 5 -leaved; leaflets thickened from the base, subulate, undivided. Anthers termi- nated by a membrane. Pollen masses ventricose, fixed by their apexes, pendulous. Stigma mutic. Follicles slender, striated. Seeds comose ? — An erect shrub, native of Arabia. Leaves opposite, flat. Peduncles interpetiolar, bearing at their apexes many-flo\vered fascicles ; pedicels imbricate, unibracteate at the base. 1 K. LANIFLORA. T^ . G. Native of Arabia Felix and Abys- sinia. K. Kannah, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 95. Ascle- pias laniflora, Forsk. descrip. p. 51. Vahl, symb. 1. p. 23. t. 7. Kanakk of the Arabs. Leaves 3 inches long, quite gla- brous, tapering to both ends. Leaves of involucrum subulate, unequal. Woolly-fiovrered Kanahia. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Calotropis, p. 147. LX. DIPLO'LEPIS (from rWXooc, dipioos, double ; and XtTric, lepis, a scale ; leaflets of corona furnished each with a scale inside.) R. Br. in. mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 41. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla with a short, urceolate tube ; and a 5-parted limb. Stamineous corona 5- leaved ; leaflets obtuse, furnished with a scale each inside. An- thers terminated by a membrane. Pollen masses ventricose, fixed near their apexes, pendulous. Stigma mutic, elongated, undivided. Follicles unknown. 1 D. MENZIB sn (Roem.et Schultz, syst. 6. p. 95.) T; . ^. ? S. Native of Chili, near Valparaiso. This is the only certain species of the genus. The Asclepias vomitbria, Konig. mss. agrees with this genus in many respects, especially in the form, and insertion of the pollen masses ; but differs considerably in habit, and in having a blunt stigma. Menzies's Deplolepis. Shrub twining ? 2 D.? APICULA'TA (Lindl. in hort. trans. 6. p. 68.) leaves round- ish-elliptic, cordate, apiculated, shining, very villous, as well as the steins ; stigma depressed. Jj . *"\ G. Native of China. Flowers greenish. Apiculated-\eaved Diplolepis. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1821. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Oxypetalum, p. 148. § 2. Gynostegium appendiculate. Corona simple, of one piece; having its tube sometimes furnished with segments or keels in- side. Corolla sub-rotate. LXI. HOLOSTE'MMA (from 6Xoc, holes, entire ; and stemma, a crown ; the corona is almost entire.) R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1 . p. 42. Asclepias species of authors. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla subrotate, 5- cleft. Stamineous corona inserted in the gynostegium, simple, annular, obsoletely 5-lobed. Anthers terminated by a mem- brane. Pollen masses pendulous, compressed, fixed by their tapering tops. Stigma mutic. Follicles ventricose, smooth. Seeds comose — Glabrous, twining shrubs. Leaves opposite, broad. Umbels interpetiolar, on short peduncles. Flowers showy, white. 1 H. RHE'EDII (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 851. Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 2. p. 51.) leaves broad-ovate, cordate. Jj . ^. S. Native of Malabar, Mysore, Samulcottah, and the Circars ; also at Gual- para, and Kinour. H. Axda Kodien, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 95. Asclepias annularia, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 37. mus. ind. orient, t. 613. Asclepias con volvulacea, Heyne, herb. Cynan- chum annulare, Heyne, herb. C. cordifblium, and C. grandiflo- ruin, Russ. herb. Sarcostemma annulare, Roth. nov. spec. p. 178. Room, et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 115. Gomphocarpus volu- bilis, Hainilt. herb. Corollas yellowish or whitish, tinged with red. Follicles smooth. Rheede's Holostemma. Shrub twining. 2 H. FRA'GRANS (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 2. p. 51.) leaves oblong- cordate : upper ones oblong-lanceolate, sagittately cordate at the base : lobes imbricating. I; . r*. S. Native of the Burmese Empire, on mountains on the banks of the Irrawaddi, at Scendya, and Prome, also on mount Taong Dong, not far from Ava. Fragrant Holostemma. Shrub twining. 3 H. TUBERCULA'TUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 1055.) leaves membra- nous, ovate, acute, deeply cordate at the base, paler beneath ; follicles tubercular. I? . ^. S. Native of Java, on mountains. Tuiercu/ar-follicled Holostemma. Fl. year. Shrub tw. 4 H. MURICA'TUM (Blum, bijdr. p. 1055.) leaves membranous, ovate-oblong, acuminated, deeply cordate at the base, glauces- cent beneath ; follicles muricated. fy . ^. S. Native of Java, on the mountains, where it is called Tjaput tuhur. Muricated-folYicled Holostemma. Fl. Nov. Dec. Shrub tw. 5 H. LE'VE (Blum, bijdr. 1055.) leaves coriaceous, oblong, acuminated, obliquely sub-cordate at the base ; follicles smooth. fj . r*. S. Native of Java, on Mount Salak in shady places. Smooth Holostemma. Fl. Feb. April. Shrub tw. Cult. See Oxypetalum, p. 148. for culture and propagation. 150 ASCLEPIADE^E. LXII. CYNANCHUM. LXII. CYNA'NCHUM (from KVUIV KWOC, kyon kynos, a dog; and ay\, ancho, to strangle ; poisonous effects of some species.) R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 43. Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. hot. p. 55. Cynanchum species, Lin. and others. LIN. SYST. Penldndria, Digynia. Corolla sub-rotate, 5- parted. Stamineous corona, 5-20-lobed; when only 5-lobed, the lobes are opposite the anthers. Anthers terminated by a membrane. Pollen masses ventricose, pendulous. Stigma usu- ally apiculated, but sometimes mutic, rarely rostrate. Follicles smooth. Seeds eomose. — Herbs or sub-shrubs, for the most part twining. Leaves opposite. Umbels interpetiolar. $ 1. Stamineous corona tubular, with a 5-10 cleft border, in- closing the gynostegium ; the 5 inner segments opposite, and parallel nith the anthers and exterior lobes. Pollen masses inserted beneath their apexes. Follicles cylindrical, much divaricate. — Stems twining. Leaves cordate. 1 C. DALHOUSI* (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 55.) twining, smoothish ; leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuated, broadest at the base, cordate, pale beneath, and marked with brown veins ; umbels few-flowered ; pedicels longer than the peduncles ; seg- ments of corolla oval, obtuse ; corona equal in length to the co- rolla, 10-lobed : alternate lobes the smallest : the inner seg- ments small, obtuse, tooth-formed ; stigma sub-apiculated, un- divided, fj . °. H. Native at Simla, Countess of Dalhousie ; Mussorie, Royle. Leaves 4-6 inches long, and 4-12 lines broad at the base. Countess of Dalhousie's Cynanchum. Shrub tw. 2 C. ACU'TUM (Lin. spec. p. 310., exclusive of the synonymes. R. Br. mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 44.) herbaceous twining, glabrous ; leaves oblong, ovate-cordate, acute ; segments of corolla oblong, obtuse ; stigma apiculated, semi-bifid ; follicles cylindrical, diva- ricate. "H.. H. Native of Italy, Spain, Tauria, Astrachan, &c. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 177. Jacq. misc. 1. p. 16. t. 1. Schkuhr. handb. 1. p. 166. t. 54. C. Monspeliacum, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 411. C. Monspeliacum, /3, Lam. diet. 1. p. 235. C. Sibiricum, Willd. act. nov. am. N. C. berol. 1799. t. 6. f. 2. Pers. 1. p. 273.— Tourn. inst. 93.— Clus. hist. 125.— Trevv. ehrh. 44. t. 82. Flowers white. ^cu/e-leaved Cynanchum. Fl. July. Clt. 1596. PI. tw. 3 C. PUBE'SCENS (Bunge, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 118.) corona double ; outer one 10-cleft, having the alternate segments acute, ovate ; the rest filiform and elongated; inner corona 5- cleft, with shorter, filiform segments ; segments of corolla linear, obtuse ; leaves cordate, acute, downy ; stems herbaceous, twin- ing. If.. /"\ F. Native of China, in hedges. Flowers minute, white. Nearly allied to C. acutum. Downy Cynanchum. PI. twining. 4 C. EXCE'LSUM (Desf. fl. all. 1. p. 212.) herbaceous, twining, glabrous ; leaves cordate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; follicles long, narrow, flatfish, very acute, "if. . ^. H. Native of Barbary, on the shore about Tozzer. Leaves like those of C. acutum, 1-2 inches long. Tall Cynanchum. Fl. July. Clt. 1816. PI. tw. 5 C. MONSPELIACUM (Lin. spec. p. 31 1., exclusive of the sy- nonymes. R. Br. 1. c.) herbaceous, twining, glabrous ; leaves reniform, coarctate at top, and semi-lanceolate ; segments of corolla lanceolate, bluntish ; stigma apiculated, semi-bifid ; folli- cles cylindrical. If.. °. H. Native of Italy, south of France, Spain, and Greece, by the sea side. Cav. icon. 1. p. 44. t. 60. Jacq. coll. 4. p. 106. icon. 2. t. 340. St. Hil. 35. t. 6. — Tourn. inst. 93.— Clus. hist. 1. p. 126. Flowers white, but flesh-coloured, according to Jacquin. Montpelier Cynanchum. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1596. Shrub twining. 6 C. LONGirbnuM (Martens, ex Spreng, syst. add. p. 110.) herbaceous, twining ; leaves cordate, acuminated, nerved ; seg- ments of corolla acute; exterior corona 10-leaved: the 5 alter- nate lobes lanceolate, acute, and the other 5 sub-crenated and obtuse. If.. H. Native about Venice. Long-leaved Cynanchum. PI. twining. 7 C. CHINB'NSE (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 44.) herba- ceous, twining, glabrous ? ; leaves ovate-cordate, with a short acumen ; segments of the corolla linear, acute, compressedly filiform, entire, l/.^.H. Native of China, in the province of Peckley, Sir G. Staunton. Stigma ending in semi-bifid point. Follicles cylindrical. Chinese Cynanchum. PI. twining. 8 C. BIROSTRA'TUM (Hook, and Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 35.) leaves narrow, cordately-sagittate, with oblong-obtuse lobes, sub-coriaceous, glabrous ; umbels many-flowered ; pedi- cels and calyxes downy ; tube of corolla urceolate ; segments of the limb lanceolate, downy outside ; Stamineous corona simple, of 5 bifid segments ; stigma long-beaked, deeply bifid. fj . /"\ F. Native of Chili, about Conception. Flowers white. Leaves resembling those of C. acutum. Birostrate Cynanchum. Shrub twining. § 2. Stamineous corona tubular, with a 5-10-cleft border, inclosing the gynostegium ; the 5 inner keels simple, or drann out into segments. Pollen masses fixed beneath their apexes. Follicles ventricose, angular, spreading. Stems twining. Leaves cor- date, rounded or acute at the base. 9 C. CORYMBOSUM (Wight, 1. c. p. 56.) twining, glabrous; leaves cordate-ovate, acuminated, glaucous beneath ; corymbs longer than the petioles, many-flowered ; corona equal in length to the corolla, 10-cleft, with the alternate lobes smaller, and the inner carinse simple ; pollen masses fixed beneath their apexes ; stigma apiculated, bifid. fj . ^. S. Native of Silhet. Cynan- chum, Wall. ascl. no. 81. Cor^rnfcose-flowered Cynanchum. Shrub tw. 1 0 C. PEDUNCULA'TUM (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1 . p. 97. prod, p. 463.) twining ; common peduncles longer than the leaves ; leaves cordate, smoothish ; axils 2-leaved ; inner carinse of the corona drawn out into segments ; stigma apiculated, emarginate. \l . ^. G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. C. Brownianum, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 97. Pedunculate Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 1 1 C. FLORIBI/NDUM (R. Br. 1. c.) twining ; common peduncles shorter than the leaves ; leaves cordate, acuminated, quite gla- brous ; axils without leaves ; inner keels of the corona drawn out into segments ; stigma apiculated, emarginate. ^ . /"\ G. Na- tive of New Holland, without the tropic. Bundle-flowered Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 12 C. ERUBE'SCENS (R. Br. 1. c.) twining ; common peduncles about equal in length to the petioles ; leaves cordate, acute ; axils usually 2-leaved ; branchlets and flowers clothed with fine down outside; inner carinae of the 10-cleft corona shorter than the corolla, simple. I? . /0>. G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Reddish Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 13 C. BONPLANDIA'NUM (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 98.) twining ; branches marked by a downy line ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous, membranous ; umbels almost sessile ; ca- lyxes downy; corona 10-lobed: the alternate lobes the longest, and alternating with the segments of the corolla : stigma conical, convex, emarginate. I; . /">. S. Native of New Andalusia. C. lanceolatum, H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 203. Flowers minute, white. Corolla rotate, with ovate-acute seg- ments. Bonpland's Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 14 C. MONTEVIDE'NSE (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 851.) herbaceous, twining ; leaves cordate-oblong and lanceolate, acute, and are, as ASCLEPIADE.E. LXII. CYNANCHCM. 151 well as the umbels, glabrous ; segments of corolla elongated and spreading ; alternate teeth of corona shorter. If . /^>. S. Native of Montevideo. Montevideo Cynanchum. PI. twining. 15 C. MUCROXAVTCM (H. B. et Kunth, nor. gen. amer. 3. p. 203. t. 335.) twining; branches furnished with 2 rows of down ; leaves oblong, cuspidately-mucronate, acute at the base, gla- brous ; umbels almost sessile ; calyxes glabrous ; corona 5- parted, with ovate segments, which are ligulate at the apex, al- ternating with the segments of the corolla ; stigma terminated by an emarginate tubercle. Ij . /*\ S. Native of New Granada, on the declivities of Mount Avila. Leaves 8-9 lines long. Co- rolla white, glabrous, with obliquely-oblong acute segments, having the middle nerve green. J/urronale-leaved Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 16 C. MICROPHT'LLUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 204. t. 204.) twining ; branches furnished with 2 rows of down ; leaves ovate, acute, mucronate, rounded at the base, glabrous ; flowers solitary, twin or tern, or by fours ; calyxes glabrous ; corona 5-parted, with emarginately-bidentate, concave segments, alternating with the lobes of the corolla ; stigma terminated by an emarginate tubercle. t? . ^. S. Native of New Granada, in frigid places, near the town of Pasto. Leaves very small. Petioles furnished with interpetiolar cilia. Corolla white, ro- tate, with obliquely ovate, acute segments. Small-leaved Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 17 C. SERPYLLIFOLIUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 205.) twining ; branches marked by a downy line ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, rounded at the base, ciliated a little ; umbels sessile ; calyx rather pilose ; corona 5-parted : with the segments bifid at the apex; stigma convex, emarginate ?. Ij . *^. S. Native near Quito, in shady places ; and on the declivities of Mount Pichincha. Very like C. microphylla, but is larger, in the leaves and flowers : and also differs in the flowers being um- bellate, in the structure of the corona and gynostegium. Corolla campanulate, white, with ovate-oblong, hardly oblique segments. Wild Thyme-leared Cynanchum. Shrub twining. § 3. Stamineous corona tubular, mith a 5-\0-cleft border, inclos- ing the gynostegium ; inner segments or carinae wanting. Pol- len masses usually jixed by their apexes. Stigma terminated by a bifid point. Stems twining. Leaves sub-cordate. 18 C. PAUCIFLORCM (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 45.) twining, glabrous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, reniformly cordate at the base : the auricles diverging ; umbels few-flowered ; pe- duncles shorter than the petioles ; flowers glabrous, on short petioles: corona equal to the corolla, with a 10-cleft, plicate border, naked inside : the lobes opposite the anthers, lanceolate, acuminated, bifid at top, the alternate ones very short, and emar- ginate or truncate ; pollen masses fixed beneath their apexes ; stigma apiculated, obtuse, hardly emarginate. fj . ^\ S. Na- tive of the East Indies, frequent in hedges. Periploca tunicata, Retz, obs. -2. p. 15. Willd. phyt. 1. p. 7. no. 23. t. 5. f. 3. Asclepias tunicata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 35. mus. ind. or. t. 609. This plant has been removed by Wight, and Arnott, from the section in which Mr. R. Brown placed it. As there are no interior keels, but only folds of the corona, which arise from contractions of its mouth, and disappear when expanded. Follicles ventri- cose. Perhaps this, and C. angustifolium, ought to have been described with 5 lobes to the corona, the alternate ones being so very short. Ferr-flowered Cynanchum. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Shrub twining. 19 C. WAI.UCHII (Wight, 1. c.) twining, glabrous ; leaves ob- long-ovate, acuminated, cordate at the base, auricled : auricles a little incurved ; corymbs shorter than the leaves, many-flowered ; pedicels equal in length to the peduncles, or exceeding them ; corona equal to the corolla, somewhat 10-cleft; the lobes oppo- site the anthers, longer, and bifid ; pollen masses fixed beneath their apexes ; stigma mutic. Ij . <"\ S. Native of the East Indies, at Jentaga and Chuna-Poonjee. Cynanchum, Wall. ascl. no. 80. Very closely allied to C. pauciflbrum. Waltich's Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 20 C. CALLIALA'XUM (Hamilt. herb. no. 767, ex Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. hot. 56.) twining, glabrous ; leaves ovate or oval, acuminated, cordate at the base, with a narrow recess, glaucous beneath ; umbels shorter than the petioles ; pedicels equal to the peduncle in length; corona 10-lobed, almost twice as short as the corolla: die lobes opposite the anthers, bifid at apex : the alternate ones very short ; stigma sub-apiculated, en- tire ; follicles winged. Ij . *"\ S. Native on the banks of the Ganges, and at Colnmala. Wall. ascl. no. 83. C. auriculatum, Hamilt. herb. no. 768. Wall. ascl. no. 85. Periploca tuni- cata, Herb. madr. Wall. ascl. no. 75. b. c. Beautiful-iringed-podded Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 21 C. ALA'TCM (Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 57.) twining, smoothish ; leaves of the older branches cordately auricled at the base : of the young floriferous branches, oval, cus- pidate, cordate at the base, or emarginate, glaucous beneath ; umbels about equal in length to the petioles ; pedicels longer than the peduncles ; corona shorter than the corolla, with a cre- nately 10-lobed, truncate border : the alternate lobes rather the smallest ; stigma apiculated, bifid ; follicles flattish on one side, with the angles marginatelv winged. Jj . /"\ S. Native of Coromandel. Wight, cat. no. 1552. Asclepias truncata, Roxb. in herb. Banks. The winged follicles, and truncate corona, will readily distinguish it from all other species of this section. 11ringed-fo\l\c\ed Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 22 C. OVALIFOLIUM (Wight, 1. c.) twining, glabrous; leaves oblong-oval, acuminated ; cymes many-flowered ; peduncles longer than the petioles ; corona about equal in length to the corolla, 10-cleft; stigma apiculated, somewhat emarginate. ^. ^. S. Native of Penang. Cynanchum, Wall. ascl. no. 82. The oval leaves, and cymose inflorescence, readily distinguish this species. Oval-leaved Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 23 C. AXGCSTIFOLIUM (Wight, and Arnott, 1. c.) twining, smoothish ; petioles rather hairy, reflexed ; leaves linear-lanceo- late, cuspidate, more or less cordate at the base ; umbels short, many-flowered ; corona 10-lobed, the lobes opposite the anthers, broadly linear-oval, about equal in length to the corolla ; the alternate ones very short, and inconspicuous, all truncate and emarginate ; stigma apiculated, somewhat emarginate. f; • ^. S. Native of Coromandel. Wight, cat.no. 1553. Leaves 3- 5 inches long, and 4-6 lines broad. Narrow-leaved Cynanchum. Shrub twining. § 4. Gynostegium or column of fructification stipiiate. Stami- neous corona tubular, inserted at the base of the stipe of the gynostegium, 5-cleft, without any segments or inner carinae in- side. To this section, remarkable for the elongation of the torus or stipe of the gynostegium, belong also a species from the Cape of Good Hope. 24 C. GRACILLIMUM (Wall, asclep. no. 86. Wight, and Arnott, 1. c.) twining, glabrous ; branches slender ; leaves cordate, acu- minated, incurvedly auricled at the base ; umbels few-flowered ; peduncles about equal in length to the petioles, but longer than the pedicels ; segments of corolla lanceolate ; stalk of gynoste- gium exceeding the corona, which is 5-cleft, and naked inside ; pollen masses fixed by their apexes ; stigma beaked, equal, 5-fur- rowed, truncate, equal to the membranes of the anthers, fj . /"\ S. Native of the East Indies, at Segaen. Wall. ascl. no. 86. Very-slender Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 152 ASCLEPIADE^E. LXII. CYNANCHUM. § 5. Stamineous corona deeply 5-cleft ; segments opposite the anthers, furnished each with a parallel segment inside. Pollen masses fixed by their apexes, or beneath them. 25 C. AURICULA'TUM (Royle, ex Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 58.) twining ; leaves cordate-ovate, acuminated, ciliated, auri- cled at the base ; umbels cyme-formed, on long peduncles, few- flowered; corolla 5-parted ; corona deeply 5-cleft: segments obtuse, exceeding the gynostegium, furnished each with a little parallel segment inside. T? . ^. F. Native of Kinour and Kaniaon. Wall. ascl. no. 137. Auricled Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 26 C. ROYLEI (Wight, 1. c.) twining?, downy; leaves broad- cordate at the base, and auricled, gradually tapering into a subulate apex ; umbels on long peduncles, many- flowered ; co- rolla 5-cleft ; corona deeply 5-cleft : segments obtuse, about equal to the gynostegium, furnished each with a small parallel segment, inside. Ij . *"\ F. Native of Kinour, Royle. Royle's Cynanchum. Shrub twining. § 6. Stamineous corona tubular, inclosing the gynostegium ; with a 10-cleft border; without any segments or carinae inside. Stigma terminated by an entire point. Stems erect. 27 C. ROSEUM (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 47.) leaves lanceolate-linear, undulated, smoothish ; pedicels and calyxes pilose; corona 10-cleft; stigma entire. I/. H. Native of Dahuria, among rocks. Asclepias Dahurlca, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1272.? — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 78. t. 42. Root thick, sweet, creep- ing. Flowers beautiful, purple. ./fcwe-coloured-flowered Cynanchum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 1 to lifoot. 28 C. ORIENTALS (Willd. herb, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 851.) herbaceous, twining; leaves deeply-cordate, oblong, acute, gla- brous, as well as the umbels and peduncles. T£ . ^. H. Native of Asia Minor. Eastern Cynanchum. PI. twining. § 7. Stamineous corona saucer-shaped, fleshy, 5-lQ-lobcd, simple inside. Pollen masses Jlxed beneath their apexes. Stigma ter- minated by an entire, very short point. Follicles smooth. Stems erectish, or twining a very little. 29 C. VINCETOXICUM (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 47.) stems erect ; corollas beardless ; umbels simple ; pedicels 8 times longer than the peduncle ; corona 5-lobed. I/ . H. Na- tive of Europe, in gravelly places, between the 59° and 40° of latitude, as well as of Sweden, Denmark, &c. &c. Asclepias vincetoxicum, Lin. spec. p. 314. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1268. Oed. fl. dan. t. 849. Heyne, term. bot. t. 42. f. 3. Schkuhr. handb. t. 55. Bull. herb. t. 96. Plenck, icon. t. 154. Jaume, St. Hil. 21. t. 6. Ludw. eclyp. t. 25. Asclepias alba, Mill, diet. no. 1. fig. t. 53. Vincet6xicum officinale, Mcench. meth. p. 317. Stem furnished with a downy line on each side. Leaves ovate, acuminated, finely ciliated on the edges when young. Corollas white. Var. ft, minus ; all parts of the plant are one half smaller than those of the species. I/ . H. Vincetoxicum Cynanchum. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1596. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 30 C. LU'TEUM (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 852.) erect, glabrous; leaves ovate, nearly sessile, rather fleshy, veiny; umbels axillary ; corolla coriaceous, with bearded edges. I/ . H Native of Crete, Sieber. Flowers yellow. Yellow-fiowered Cynanchum. PI. SIC. ME'DIUM (R. Br. 1. c. p. 48.) stems twining at tops ; corollas beardless ; umbels often divided ; pedicels hardly longer than the peduncle; corona 5-lobed. "%. H. Native country unknown. Asclepias media, Hort. Allied to the C. nigrum. Intermediate Cynanchum. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. ? PI. 2 to 3 feet. 32 C, ? viLi,6suM (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 103.) leaves ovate- oblong, villous beneath, undulated ; lower ones cordate ; um- bels erect, simple ; corollas bearded. 3£. H. Native country unknown. Asclepias villosa, Willd. enum. 1. p. 278. Balb. misc. 15. t. 4. Flowers white.? bilious Cynanchum. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 33 C. NIGRUM (R. Br. 1. c. p. 48.) stems twining at tops ; co- rollas bearded ; umbels simple ; pedicels hardly longer than the peduncles; corona semi- 10-cleft. 1£. H. Native of the south of Europe. Sims. bot. mag. 2390. Asclepias nigra, Lin. spec, p. 315. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1269. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, finely ciliated on the edges, narrower than those of C. vincetoxicum. Flowers brown. /J/acA-flowered Cynanchum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1596. Fl. 2 to 3 feet. 34 C. MELA'NTHOS (Hort. par. ex Poir. suppl. 2. p. 430.) stems twining at tops, rather hairy ; leaves ovate-cordate, acute, rather downy: with rounded, closed lobes. 1£. H. Native country unknown. Flowers dark purple. Black-flowered Cynanchum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 35 C. FUSCA'TUM (Link. enum. 1. p. 250.) stems twining at tops; corolla bearded ; umbels simple. l/.H. Native of the south of Europe, as of Spain. Asclepias fuscata, Willd. enurn. suppl. p. 29. Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. 29. C. vin- cetoxicum, ft, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 104. Asclepias lutea, Mill, diet. Flowers yellow. This is intermediate between the C. vincetoxicum and C. nigrum, but is more nearly allied to the latter. Brvrvnish-fiov/ered Cynanchum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 2 to 3 feet. § 8. Stamineous corona deeply 5-cleft ; segments simple. Pollen masses fixed beneath their apices. — Decumbent or erect plants, sometimes twining a little. Umbels sessile, or nearly so. 36 C. GLAU'CUM (Wall. ascl. no. 133. Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 58.) herbaceous, erect, glabrous or downy ; stems rather compressed, and rather angular ; leaves broad- ovate, or oblong-oval or lanceolate, obtuse, pale glaucous be- neath ; umbels almost sessile ; corolla 5-cleft : segments hairy inside; corona deeply 5-cleft : segments obtuse ; pollen masses fixed beneath their apexes; stigma obtuse, apiculated. 1{. H. Native of Nipaul. Var. a, latifblium (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 58.) leaves broad-ovate, obtuse ; umbels many-flowered. If. H. Native of Nipaul. C. glaucum, Wall, asclep. no. 133. Var. ft, oblongifolium (Wight. 1. c.) leaves oblong-oval; um- bels few-flowered. 1£. H. Native of Nipaul. Wall. ascl. no. 132, unnamed. Var. y, lanceolatum (Wight, 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse; umbels sessile, many-flowered. I/ . H. Native of the Peninsula of India, and at Simla. Wight, cat. no. 1554. Wall, ascl. no. 134, unnamed. Glaucous Cynanchum. PI. 2 to 3 feet. ? 37 C. KINOURIE'NSE (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 58.) herba- ceous, erect; stems and petioles hairy ; leaves oval, cuspidate, on short petioles, downy above towards the margins, and on the nerves and veins, hairy beneath on the nerves, which are conspicuous, and veins ; umbels few-flowered : corona deeply 5-cleft, equal to the gynostegium ; segments obtuse, separated by broad re- cesses ; pollen masses fixed by their apexes ; stigma obtuse. J/ . ASCLEPIADE^E. LXI1. CYXAXCHCM. 153 H. Native of Kinour, Royle. In this species the rhizoma is short, thick, and abrupt. Kinour Cynanchuvn. PI. 38 C. ARXOTTIA'NUM (Wight, 1. c.) herbaceous, erect, gla- brous ; leaves oblong-oval, obtuse or emarginate, mucronate, on short petioles ; umbels sessile, many-flowered ; corolla brownish purple outside, 5-cleft; segments beset with white hairs inside; corona deeply 5-cleft, equal to the gynostegium : segments ob- tuse, separated by broad recesses ; pollen masses fixed beneath their apexes ; stigma apiculated. y. . H. Found by Mr. Royle, on his journey to Cashmere. The colour of the flowers will readily distinguish this from other allied species. Arnott's Cynanchum. PI. 39 C. XA'NUM (Hamilt. herb. no. 765. Wight, and Arnott, 1. c. p. 59.) herbaceous, erect, glabrous ; leaves on short petioles, linear-acutish, sub-auriculated at the base ; umbels almost ses- sile, many-flowered, involucrated ; corolla rather large, 5-parted: segments .obtuse ; corona deeply 5-cleft, equalling the gynos- tegium : with obtuse segments ; pollen masses fixed by their apexes; stigma apiculated. 11. H. Native of the East Indies, north of Camrupa, among reeds, Hamilt. Leaves 4-5 inches long, and 2-5 lines broad. Dn-arf Cynanchum. PI. dwarf. 40 C.? HEVNEA'MM (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 101.) leaves oval, mucronate, ciliated at the base, as well as the pe- tioles, discoloured beneath, and reticulated ; umbels few-flower- ed, length of the petioles ; stems glabrous. Ij . ^\ S. Native of the East Indies. Periploca reticulata, Roth. nov. spec. p. 126. Heyne's Cynanchum. Fl.? Clt. 1825. Shrub twining. 41 C. SIBIRICUM (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 48.) stems decumbent, herbaceous ; leaves lanceolate-linear, opposite, or 3 in a whorl ; umbels on short peduncles ; corona deeply 5-cleft; pollen masses fixed beneath their apexes ; stigma an emarginate papilla; follicles ventricose. 1£. H. Native of Siberia and China. Asclepias Sibirica, Lin. spec. p. 315. Gmel. sib. 4. p. 77. no. 21. Murr. comm. goett. 1779. p. 23. t. 7. Plant white from fine down. Flowers greenish white, smelling like those of the lime tree. Siberian Cynanchum. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1775. PI. dec. 42 C. PILOSUM (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 46.) twining; leaves ovate, acutish, and are, as well as the calyxes, hairy ; um- bels short ; corona 10-cleft, length of the corolla; stigma termi- nated by a bifid point. fj . rx. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker. bot. reg. 111. Peiiploca Africana, Lin. spec. 309 exclusive of the synonymes. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap. 2. p. 152. Andr. bot. rep. t. 557. Jacq. misc. 1. p. 13. t. 1. f. 3. — Comtnel. rar. t. 18. — Plukn. phyt. 37. t. 137. f. 4. — Morr. hist. 3. p. 611. sect. 15. t. 3. f. 62. The whole plant is hairy. Corollas purple ; corona white. Follicles ventricose. I ar. i3 ; leaves flat, sinuate; flowers pale green; follicles thick, glabrous. Burm. afr. t. 14. f. 2. Pilose Cynanchum. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1726. Shrub tw. 43 C. CRASSIFOLIVM (R. Br. 1. c.) twining ; leaves ovate, sub- cordate, obtuse, with a mucrone, fleshy, and are, as well as the calyxes, glabrous ; umbels drooping, on short peduncles ; corona 10-cleft, length of corolla; stigma terminated by a bifid point. ': . '"\ G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in woods. C. ob- tusifolium, Lin. suppl. 169? Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p. 159. Flowers green ? Thick-leaved Cynanchum. Fl. ? Clt. 1818. Shrub tw. 44 C. CAPE'XSE (R. Br. 1. c.) twining ; leaves ovate-cordate, obtuse, with a mucrone, and are, as well as the stems, glabrous; calyxes downy ; corona 5-cleft, twice shorter than the corolla; stigma terminated by a bifid point. Ij . ^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. C. Capense, Lin. suppl. 168. ? Thunb. prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap. 2. p. 159. Flowers white. ? VOL. IV. Cape Cynanchum. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. Shrub tw. 45 C. FCE'TIDUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p 202.) twining, shrubby ; leaves ovate, acuminated, cordate, glabrous ; racemes pedunculate, equal in length to the leaves ; calyx downy ; corolla campanulately rotate : segments oblique, obtuse ; corona 5-parted, with 3-lobed segments : the middle lobe elon- gated, longer than the gynostegium ; pollen masses fixed be- neath their apices by short stipes ; stigma naked, convex. fj . ^. G. Native of Mexico, near Queretaro. Asclepias fce'tida, Cav. icon. 2. p. 45. t. 158. descript. p. 135. Flowers greenish yellow, or .white, fetid. Branchlets puberulous. Fetid Cynanchum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub tw. 46 C. FIMBRIA'TUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 203. t. 234.) twining, shrubby, pilose ; leaves ovate- cordate, sub-acuminated, pilose above, and puberulous beneath ; umbels sessile ; calyx pilose ; corolla sub-campanulate : with oblong, ob- tuse segments ; corolla 5-cleft, ciliately fringed in the sinuses : with bidentate segments, short ; stigma terminated by capitate point, and densely beset with minute, clavate caruncles, equal to the corona in length ; pollen masses fixed beneath their apices. J? . ^. S. Native in shady places near Cumana. Metaplexis fimbriata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 854. Leaves membranous, on long petioles. Calycine segments oblong, acute. Corollas white, glabrous, with a red throat. Perhaps a distinct genus. Fringed- crooned Cynanchum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. Shrub tw. 47 C. ? LJE'TE (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 164.) stem erect, some- what sarmentose, marked with an alternating downy line ; leaves smooth, subcordate-ovate, acuminated : having the recess at the base nearly closed ; margins and nerves minutely downy be- neath ; petioles very short ; urqbels interrupted, compound, on long peduncles ; segments of ' corolla ovate-oblong, obtuse ; corona cylindrical, retusely 5-toothed, nearly entire. If. . H. Native of North America. Gonolobus lae'vis, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 119. Habit of C. vincetoxicum. Flowers small, greenish white. Smooth Cynanchum. PI. erect. 48 C. AXGUsTiFOLirM (Nutt. sen. amer. 1. p. 164.) twining, smooth ; leaves narrow-linear, thickish ; umbels on long pedun- cles ; segments of corolla lanceolate ; corona cylindrical, bluntly 5-toothed. If. . °. H. Native from Carolina to Florida, in irarshes. Ceropegia palustris, Pursh 1. p. 184. Flowers small and greenish. Follicles unknown. Narrotv-leaced Cynanchum. PI. tw. 49 C. HUMBOLDTIA'XCM (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 105.) twining, shrubby ; branches furnished with 2 rows of down ; leaves ob- long, acute at both ends, somewhat mucronate, glabrous ; umbels sessile ; calyx rather downy ; corolla campanulate : with oblong acutish segments ; corona 5-parted, with linear segments, rather longer than the gynostegium, and about equal to the corolla in length ; stigma convex, J? . ^. S. Native near Cumana. C. suberosum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 205. Bark of stems corky, white. Calycine segments oblong, acutish. Ihimboldt's Cynanchum. Shrub twining. f Doubtful species ; the greater number of nhich do not probably belong to the genus. * Species natives of South America. 50 C. TBNE'LLDM (Lin. suppl. p. 168. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1253.) stems sub-herbaceous, twining ; leaves ovate-oblong, smooth, small ; umbels irregular, lateral, sessile, shorter than the leaves ; follicles subulate, length of a finger. If. /~>. S. Native of New Granada, Mutis. Leaves about the size of chickweed. Flowers about the size of a Galiurn. Stem filiform. Branches alternate. Slender Cynanchum. PI. twining. 51 C. FUNA'LE (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 427.) stems filiform, twin- X. 154 ASCLEPIADE,E. LXII. CYNANCHUM. ing, branched ; leaves very narrow, wedge-shaped, retuse ; flowers small, lateral, umbellate ; umbels sessile. ^ . ^. S. Native of St. Domingo, Poiteau. Leaves small, hardly petio- late, 5-6 lines long. Follicles compressed, an inch long. Rope Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 52 C. PEDUNCULATE (Lam. diet. 2. p. 236.) stem twining ; leaves ovate, glabrous on both surfaces ; umbels solitary, axil- lary, on long peduncles, fj . ^. S. Native of Guiana. Apo- cynum scandens, &c. Plum. cat. 2. Burm. amer. t. 27- f. 2, Aubl. guian. p. 273. Peduncles a foot long, bearing each an umbel of white flowers at the apex. Long-peduncled Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 53 C. TOMENTOSUM (Lam. diet. 2. p. 236.) twining, villous ; leaves oval, sub-cordate, mucronate, clothed with white tomen- tum beneath ; umbels few-flowered. T? . ^\ S. Native of the East Indies. Tomentose Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 54 C. DENTICULA'TUM (Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 23.) stems twin- ing, beset with retrograde hairs ; leaves cordate, oblong, acumi- nated, denticulated, ciliated, smoothish, except on the ribs and veins, paler beneath ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 3-flowered ; petals lanceolate, flat. I? . '"*. S. Native of Guiana. Leaves \ inch long. Pedicels longer than the peduncles. Corolla rotate, greenish yellow, ciliated. Very like Gonolobus roslratus. Denticulated-leaved Cynanchum. 55 C. HIRSU'TUM (Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 24.) every part of the plant clothed with yellow hairs, except the corolla ; leaves cordate- oblong, short-acuminated ; corolla rotate, glabrous, with roundish " segments. Native of Trinidad. Calycine segments acute, a little longer than the corolla. Leaves 3-4 inches long, petiolate. Hairy Cynanchum. Fl.? Clt. 1825. Shrub twining. 56 C. PICTUM (Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 24.) twining, glabrous ; leaves oblong, shining ; umbels axillary, pedunculate ; segments of corolla villous inside, at the apex. fj . r^. S. Native of Cayenne. Leaves Ij inches long, obscurely nerved above, veinless, very obtuse at the base; pale green beneath, and simply veined ; nerves and veins purplish, as well as the petioles. Pe- duncles longer than the petioles. Pedicels longer than the pe- duncle. Calycine segments ovate, obtuse : of the corolla, ovate, acute. Painted-leaved Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 57 C. ACUMINA'TUM (Humb. et Bonp. in Willd. rel. mss. ex Schultes, syst. 6. p. 111.) leaves oblong, much acuminated, downy beneath ; umbels pedunculate ; stems twining. J? . '"X S. Native of New Spain, on the banks of the river Atabapo. Acuminated-leaved Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 58 C. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Pers. ench. 1. p. 274.) stems twining ; leaves linear-narrow ; umbels on long peduncles. If. . ^. G. Native of Carolina. Narrow-leaved Cynanchum. PI. twining. * * Species natives of Africa. 59 C. CRISPUM (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p. 158.) stem erect, downy, simple ; leaves lanceolate, curled ; flowers lateral. Ij . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Karro. Leaves pilose, tapering into the petioles. Flowers axillary, few or many ; peduncles pilose capillary. Corolla whitish yellow, sub-campanulate, 5-parted ; segments ovate, drawn out into long, purple, filiform points. Corona many-toothed, tubular. In the description of this plant, given in Jacq. fragm. p. 31. t. 36. f. 5, the root is said to be tuberous, fleshy, a foot long. The stems are said to be numerous, weak, branched, rather villous, 2 feet high. The leaves petiolate, stiff, shining, obtuse, with vil- lous margins ; the peduncles short, twin, 1 -flowered; the flowers sweet-scented ; the calyxes villous, with ovate, acute segments ; the corolla green, with a white campanulate corona, and linear- obtuse segments. Cur/ed-leaved Cynanchum. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 60 C. FILIFORME (Lin. suppl. 169. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 46. fl. cap. 2. p. 157.) stem erect, simple, pilose; leaves sessile, flat, linear, pilose ; umbels hairy, ex Thunb. ; flowers verticillate, ex Lin. ; corona tubular, erect, shorter than the corolla. fj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on hills at the foot of the mountains at Krum river. C. verticillare, Lam. diet. 2. p. 237. Leaves an inch and more long, but still shorter than the internodes. Corona yellowish. Follicles linear oblong, gla- brous, a finger long. Filiform Cynanchum. Shrub 1 foot. 61 C. PE'NDULUM (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 429.) stem twining, rough from stiff hairs ; leaves ovate-cordate, almost glabrous ; racemes axillary, very long, pendulous. ^ . ^. S. Native of Senegal. Leaves on long petioles, pendulous, 2 inches long, Calyx glabrous. Corolla white. Pedicels almost an inch long. Penrfu/oiw-flowered Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 62 C. HASTA'TUM (Lam. diet. 1. p. 236.) stem twining, much branched ; branches rather filiform ; leaves hastately linear, acute, glabrous. ^ . /"\ G. Cynanchum, H. R. ex Oriente, D'Andre. .//asZate-leaved Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 63 C. ARBOREUM (Forsk. aegypt. 53. no. 80. Lam. diet. 2. p. 237.) stem twining; leaves varying in the same plant, often ovate, linear -lanceolate or sub-hastate ; corolla rotate. Tj . /'\ G. Native of Arabia. A non-lactescent tree. Flowers green. Tree Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 64 C. OLE^EFOLIUM (Nectoux, voy. en egypt. t. 3.) erect ; leaves coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, acute, and are, as well as the stem and calyxes, downy, ex Nectoux, glabrous, ex Delile ; pe- duncles very long, bifid, 5-6-flowered ; flowers small, umbel- late, ex Nectoux; flowers axillary, cymose, ex Delile. ^ . G. Native of Upper Egypt. C. A'rghel, Delile, mem. sur egypt. descrip. de 1'egypt. t. 2. f. 20. Leaves white, glaucous beneath, ex Delile. Calycine segments lanceolate. Corolla white, a little longer than the calyx. The follicles are used like senna. Olive-leaved Cynanchum. Shrub erect. 65 C. RAXDIANS (Lam. diet. 1. p. 236.) stem erect; leaves cordate, acute, undulated, villous on both surfaces, but most so beneath ; umbels terminal ; calyx rusty, villous ; corona cylin- drical, white, longer than the calyx : having 5 linear, obtuse, flat, horizontal teeth, radiating from the centre above the fructification ; follicles ovate, villous. If.. G. Native of Arabia Felix, in dry places, about Beit elFakih, rare. Asclepias radians, Forsk. aegypt. 49. no. 67. Leaves with white veins. Corolla with a rusty, viola- ceous, cylindrical tube, having 5 pits at the top, between the segments of the limb, which are shorter than the tube, compressed at the base, spirally twisted at the apex, linear-lanceolate, gla- brous, violaceous outside, and of an obscure yellow inside. - Radiating-crowned Cynanchum. PI. -|- foot. * Species natives of Asia. 66 C. RETICULA'TUM (Retz. obs. 2. p. 15. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1258.) stems twining, corky at bottom ; leaves ovate, acumi- nated, glabrous, flat ; umbels axillary ; follicles ovate, smooth. fy . '"\ S. Native of the East Indies. Perhaps the same as C. inodorum, Lour. Reticulated-leaved Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 67 C. INODORUM (Lour, coch.p. 166.) stems twining, corky at bottom ; leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles sub- divided, fy . r^. S. Native of Cochinchina. ? Flowers small, yellow, scentless. Corolline segments linear, twisted, longer than the tube ; corolla more salver- shaped than rotate. Co- ASCLEPIADE.E. LXII. CYNAXCHCM. LXIII. METAPLEXIS. LXIV. DITASSA. 155 rona cylindrical, 5-cleft. Follicles oblong, acuminated, tomen- tose. Stigma sessile, ovate-oblong, large. Scentlets-fiovtered Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 68 C. FU SCUM (Schuhes, syst. 6. p. 111.) stem rooting at the base, and branched at the apex ; leaves cordate-lanceolate, small, bearded at the base ; umbels axillary, twin. 1/[ . G. Native of Cochinchina, on old walls, and among ruins. Asclepias fusca, Lour. coch. p. 170. Leaves small. Flowers brownish purple, small ; corona of 5 auricles, without horns. Follicles 2, small, subulate, ventricose outside, and flat inside. Seeds curved, comose. .Sron-n-flowered Cynanchum. PI. creeping. 69 C. MCCROSA^TCM (Andr. bot. rep. t. 515.) stems hairy ; leaves subcordate, mucronate ; umbels interpetiolar, axillary, compound ; corollas rotate, greenish purple ; segments acute, reflexed, twisted. H . *"*. S. Native of Trinidad. Pollen masses pendulous. .1/Hcronafc-leaved Cynanchum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1804. Shrub tw. 70 C. VERsicoLOR (Bunge, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 118.) corona simple, bluntly 5-lobed ; segments of corolla ovate, acute, downv ; umbels axillary, sessile; leaves oblong-ovate, or cor- date, acute, downy ; stem twining. fj . <~>. G. Native of China, on mountains, near Lun-zuan-ssy, and Zui-wey-skan. Corolla at first greenish, then brown. Nearly allied to C. rirt- diflcrwn. Parti-coloured-Qowered Cynanchum. PI. twining. 71 C. ATRA'TCM (Bunge, 1. c. p. 119.) corona simple, bluntly 5-lobed ; corolline segments oblong, emarginate at the apex, downy outside ; calyxes and pedicels tomentose ; umbels axil- lary, sessile ; leaves on short petioles, broad-ovate-oblong, acute, with undulated edges, densely downy above, tomentose beneath, as well as the stems. I/. . ^\ G. Native of China, near Ssi-jui- ssy, and Tan-schan. Flowers dark brown. Z)ar£-flowered Cynanchum. PI. I to 2 feet. X.B. — What is C. cirrhosum, Swartz, in cat. hort. Dorp. 1810, and Hort. Gorenk. Cult. For the culture and propagation of the hardy species, see Asclepias, p. 143. ; and for that of the tender species see Pergularia, p. 133. LXIII. METAPLE'XIS (from ptra, meta, with, and *-X«r«, pleco, to fold ; in reference to the cucullate leaflets of corona). R. Br. in wern. soc. mem. 1. p. 48. LIK. SY:-T. Penlandria, Digynia. Corolla subrotate. Sta- mineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets small, cucullate, alternating with the anthers. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses ventricose, pendulous, fixed by their sides. Stigma fur- nished with an undivided elongated beak. Follicles unknown. — A twining glabrous subshrub. Leaves cordate, opposite. Racemes pedunculate, interpetiolar. Limb of corolla bearded. 1 M. STAVSTOXII (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 111.). Ij . ^\ G. Native of China, in the province of Peckeley, Sir G. Staunton. The only certain species. Staunton's Metaplexis. Shrub tw. . M. ? MUCROXA'TA (Spreng. neuw. entd. 1. p. 269. syst. 1. p. 854.) leaves subcordate-oblong, mucronate, glaucous, gla- brous; peduncles umbellately 6-flowered, shorter than the petioles. 1? . ^. S. Native" of the Cape of Good Hope. Ascl. mucronata, Thunb. Corolla urceolate, white inside ; teeth alternating with the pollen masses, which are cream-coloured and oblong, united under the plicae of the column into a fulvous heap. Mucronate-leaved Metaplexis. Shrub tw. Cult. See Pergularia, p. 133. for culture and propagation. § S. Gynostegium appendiculate. Corona compound, in 2-S series ; each series Kith a distinct insertion. Throat of corolla without scale*. LXIV. DITA'SSA (from £«c, dis, double, and raaaw, tatto, to dispose ; in reference to the double corona). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 49. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 1. p. 51. LIN. STST. Pentandria, Digynia. Corolla subrotate. Sta- mineous corona double : outer one 5-parted ; the segments acu- minated ; inner one 5-leaved, shorter, opposite the exterior ones and anthers. Anthers terminated by a membrane; pollen masses ventricose, fixed beneath their apexes, pendulous. Stigma ending in an obtuse point. Follicles smooth ? — Twining, gla- brous shrubs, natives of Brazil. Leaves opposite, flat. Umbels interpetiolar. 1 BA'JJKSII (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 112.) glabrous ; leaves flat ; flowers umbellate. Tj . ^\ S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro, where it was collected by Sir Joseph Banks. Banks's Ditassa. Shrub tw. 2 D. DECUSSA'TA (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 1. p. 51. t. 31. f. 1.) shrubby, erect ; leaves sessile, approximate, ovate-cordate, with reflexed sides, inversely navicular, wrinkled, hairy ; peduncles many-flowered ; flowers subcymose. >? . S. Native of Brazil, in the diamond district of the province of Minas Geraes, in rugged mountainous places, at Lavras da Pindaiba. Stem vil- lous. Corolla whitish green outside. Z)ec«**are-leaved Ditassa. Shrub erect. 3 D. MUCROKA'TA (Mart. 1. c. p. 52. t. 31. f. 2.) frutescent; stem twining ; branches usually erect ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, downy, on short petioles, bluntish, but mucronate, with reflexed edges ; flowers umbellate, larger than those of the preceding species, tj . *"\ S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, on hills at Morro de Villa Rica. Mucronate-\ea\ed Ditassa. Shrub tw. 4 D. PASSERINOIDES (Mart. 1. c. p. 53.) frutescent, erect ; leaves cordate at the base, ovate-lanceolate, acute, quite entire, almost sessile, approximate, with reflexed edges ; umbels few- flowered. Ij . S. Native of Brazil, on the alps in the diamond district of the province of Minas Geraes. Very like D. decut- tola, and probably only a variety of it. Patterina-like Ditassa. Shrub erect. 5 D. ACEROSA (Mart. 1. c.) frutescent, erect ; leaves linear, somewhat acerose, sometimes 3-4 in a whorl, villous ; flowers umbellate. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, on mount Itambe da Villa do Principe. Acerote-\ea\ed Ditassa. Shrub erect. 6 D. I~E'VIS (Mart. 1. c.) frutescent, nearly erect ; branches loose ; leaves on short petioles, linear-lanceolate, mucronate, flat, glabrous on both surfaces ; umbels many-flowered ; peduncles shorter than the flowers. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, on the ascent to mount Itambe. in the province of Minas Geraes. Smooth Ditassa. Shrub erect. 7 D. LIXEA'RIS (Mart. 1. c.) suffrutescent, twining ; leaves on short petioles, linear, acute, mucronate, flat, glabrous on both surfaces ; umbels few-flowered ; pedicels equal to the flowers. I? . *"*. S. Native of Brazil, in Morro de Villa Rica. Flowers larger than any of its congeners. Linear-leaved Ditassa. Shrub tw. 8 D. RETD'SA (Mart. 1. c.) frutescent, twining ; leaves petio- late, obovate-lanceolate, retuse, mucronate, glabrous, with flat edges ; flowers umbellate, fc . ^. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, on the ascent to Serra do Caraca. ,/?f/uw-leaved Ditassa. Shrub tw. 9 D. OBCORDA'TA (Mart. J. c.) frutescent, twining ; leaves pe- tiolate, ovate-roundish, reflexed, complicate, glabrous on both x 2 156 ASCLEPIADE^E. LXV. DJEMIA. LXVI. SARCOSTEMMA. surfaces ; flowers umbellate. ^ . ^. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, in grassy places of the diamond district. 06corda. S. Native near Cumana, in sandy places. Leaves 2 inches long and 2J-3 lines broad. Corolla white. Cumana Sarcostemma. PL tw. 12 S. BEOWKII (Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 1 39.) twining, gla- brous*; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous; umbels inter- petiolar ; pedicels, calyxes, and corolla downy ; segments of corolla ovate, bluntish, concave, glabrous inside ; outer corona an entire, narrow ring ; leaflets of inner corona ovate, bluntisb, glabrous, a little higher than the gynostegium. ^ . 1 ^. S. Native of Carthagena, Jacq. ; island of Arowabish, in hedges, ex Meyer. S. clausum, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 114. Cynanchum clausum, Jacq. amer. 1 . p. 87. t. 60. f. 2. ed. pict. t. 87. Asclepias viirinalis, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1270.? — Plum, icon. t. 27. f. 2. ? Lower leaves larger and broadish ovate- oblong ; the upper ones becoming gradually narrower, with revolute edges : painted with white on the nerves, and greenish blue on the veins. Calyx small. Pollen masses oblong, a little curved, hairy, hanging by short pedicels rising from blackish glands. Pedicels furnished with minute villous bracteas at the base. Browne's Sarcostemma. Shrub tw. 13 S. SWARTZIA'XUM (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 115.) twining, filiform, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous ; umbels interpetiolar, many-flowered ; segments of corolla ovate, acute, concave, ciliated ; outer corona ? leaflets of inner corona sessile, ovate-conical. (7 . /^1. S. Native of the south of Jamaica, in sandy arid places, among bushes by the sides of rivulets. As- clepias viminalis, Swartz, prod. p. 53. fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 539. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1270. ? Asclepias scandens, Mill .—Sloan, jam. 89. hist. 1. p. 207. t. 131. f. 1. Plum. icon. 27. f. 2. Pedicels naked. Corolla white. Follicles oblong, acuminated, compressed at the base, downy, hoary. Swartz's Sarcostemma. Clt. 1820. Shrub tw. 14 S. LINEA'KE (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 853.) plant erectish, her- baceous ; leaves almost sessile, linear, glabrous ; umbels axil- lary, manv-flowered. 1£ . S. Native of Cumana. Linear-leaveA Sarcostemma. PL erect. Cult. For culture and propagation see Ceropegia, p. 112. LXVII. PHILIBE'RTIA (named after J. C. Philibert, who has written some works on elementary botany). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 195. Lis. SYST. Pentdndria, Digy'nia. Corolla urceolately rotate, sinuately 5-lobed; lobes acute, intersected by as many teeth. Corona double ; outer one ring-formed, in the bottom of the corolla, entire, fleshy, undulated ; inner one inserted higher up with the tube of the filaments, 5 -leaved : leaflets entire. Anthers terminated by a membrane ; pollen masses clavately cylindrical, fixed beneath their apexes, pendulous. Stigma biapiculated. Follicles unknown. — A twining shrub. Leaves opposite, cor- date, soft, tomentose. Umbels interpetiolar, involucrated. — This genus is very nearly allied to Sarcostemma, from which it principally differs in the urceolate. sinuately 5-lobed corolla. 1 P. SOLANO'IDES (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 196. t. 230.) \) . **\ S. Native on the banks of the river Amazon, near Tomependa. Leaves green above and hoary beneath, 1 inch and more long, 4-5 lines broad. Umbels 8-10-flowered, about equal in length to the leaves. Corollas large, downy outside. Solanum-likc Philibertia. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133. 158 ASCLEPIADE^E. LXVIII. EUSTEGIA. LXIX. METASTELMA. LXX. MICROLOMA. LXXI. ASTEPHANUS. LXVIII. EUSTE'GIA (from tv, eu, well, and trrtyw, stego, to cover ; in reference to the triple corona). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 51. — Apocynum species of Thunb. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla rotate. Co- rona triple, each composed of 5 leaves ; outer one inserted in the throat of the corolla, having its leaflets opposite the seg- ments of the limb ; the leaflets of the rest alternating with those of the outer, but opposite the anthers ; leaflets of the middle corona tripartite, of the inner one undivided. Anthers termi- nated by a membrane ; pollen masses fixed by their tapering apexes, pendulous. Stigma submutic. Follicles unknown. — Dwarf decumbent herbs. Leaves opposite, hastate. Flowers subumbellate. Umbels interpetiolar. 1 E. HASTA'TA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 119.) branches decumbent ; leaves hastate, ciliated. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Spreng. neue. entd. p- 268. t. 5. f. 5-10. Apocynum hastatum, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap. 2. p. 164. act. nov. petrop. 14. p. 514. t. 9. f. 6. A. minutum, Lin. suppl. p. 169. Branches and peduncles downy. Leaves glabrous. Hastate-\e&\ed Eustegia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. dec. 2 E. FILIFORMIS (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 120.) stems decumbent; leaves linear-filiform. If. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in sandy fields at Swartland. Apocynum fili- forme, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap. 2. p. 160. Stems, pe- duncles, and pedicels downy. Leaves glabrous. /V7j/brm-leaved Eustegia. PI. dec. Cult. For culture and propagation see Ceropegia, p. 112. § 4. Stamineous tube or gynostegium naked. Corona wanting. LXIX. METASTE'LMA (from ^tra, meta, instead, and . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Swartland. Cynanchum lineare, Lin. fil. suppl. 169. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap. 2. p. 160. Leaves an inch long. Corollas white. Zinear-leaved Astephanus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub tw. 3 A. LANCEOLA'TUS (R. Br. 1. c. Schultes, 1. c.) stems twin- ing, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous ; umbels usually 3- flowered. J; . r^. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Apocynum lanceolatum, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap. 2. p. 162. Corollas white. Leaves rounded at the base. Zaneeotoe-leaved Astephanus. Shrub tw. 4 A. ? CORDA'TUS (R. Br. 1. c. Schultes, 1. c.) stems twin- ing, hairy ; leaves ovate, rounded at the base, villous beneath and glabrous above ; umbels interpetiolar. ^ . °. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in woods. Apocynum cordatum, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 47. fl. cap. 2. p. 163. Leaves more than an inch long. Calycine segments laciniated, acute. Corolla greenish, 5-parted to the base ; segments ovate, concave, obtuse. Filaments distinct; anthers combined; stigmas obtuse. Folli- cles 2, oblong. Styles 2, filiform. Cordate-leaved Astephanus. Shrub tw. 5 A. MASSONII (Schultes, syst. 6. p. 124. ex R. Br. 1. c.) shrubby ; branches spinescent ; leaves small, opposite, distant, cordate ; corolla more urceolate than campanulate, the orifice of the tube furnished with deflexed hairs. h . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, where it was detected by Masson. The pollen masses are fixed by their attenuated apexes. The follicles are nearly cylindrical, and smooth, with the seeds of the usual structure. ASCLEPIADE.E. LXXI. ASTEPHANUS. LXXII. PENTASACME. LXXIII. HXBANTHERA. LXXIV. SECAMONB. 159 Motions Astephanus. Shrub. 6 A. CVBE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 206. t. 237.) stems twining, glabrous, or beset with recurved pili ; leaves lanceolate, a little acuminated, glabrous, ciliated : umbels many-flowered ; corollas bearded inside. fj . °. S. Native of Cuba, near Regla. Periploca parviflora, Willd. herb. P. Hum- boldtiana, Schultes, syst. 6. p, 129. Leaves 12-14 lines long. Petioles 2 lines long, slender. Umbels furnished with many oblong-ovate bracteas, shorter than the leaves. Corolla 5- cleft, white ; with an inflated globose tube ; ovate, lanceolate segments, which are narrow linear at top, fleshy and connivent. Column short. Pollen masses clavate, yellow. Stigma conical. Perhaps a separate genus. Cuba Astephanus. Shrub tw. 7 A. BERTE'RII (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 855.) twining, glabrous; leaves cordate-oblong, acute; peduncles usually 1-flowered; corolla rotate, glabrous, 5-parted. fj . ^. S. Native of New Granada, Bertero. Bertcro's Astephanus. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Ceropegia, p. 112. LXXII. PENTASA'CME (from irtyrf, penle, five, and akme, a point ; in reference to the 5 scales in the throat of the corolla). Wall. ascl. no. 74. Wight et Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 60. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla subrotate, 5- clett ; throat crowned by 5 scales, which alternate with the segments ; aestivation valvate. Stamineous corona wanting. Anthers free, simple, or acuminated at the apex. Pollen masses pendulous, fixed above their middle, with coarctate pellucid tips. Stigma mutic or apiculated. — Slender, erect, much-branched herbs. Leaves opposite, flat, membranous. Umbels almost sessile, few-flowered. Segments of corolla 2-3 times longer than the tube, narrow-linear. This genus is allied, in many points, with Leptadenia, but is distinguished by the form of the corolla, by the pendulous pollen masses, and by the different habit. 1 P. CAUDA'TUM (Wall. ascl. no. 75. Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, long-attenuated ; segments of corolla subu- late ; scales in the throat largish, 4-cleft; anthers obtuse; stigma mutic. I/ . G. Native of Silhet, and the mountains of Lahore. T«i7«f-leaved Pentasacme. PI. 2 P. WALLICHII (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 60.) leaves lan- ceolate, acuminated ; umbels almost sessile, few-flowered ; seg- ments of corolla linear, obtuse ; scales in the throat small, gland-formed; anthers acuminated; stigma beaked. 1£. G. Native of Silhet. Wall. ascl. no. 74. unnamed. Wallich's Pentasacme. PI. Cult. For culture and propagation see Calotropis, p. 147. LXXIII. HYBANTHE'RA (from t/3oc, hybos, a curve, and a>6rjpa, anthera, an anther; anthers gibbous on the back). Endlicher, prod. ins. norf. fl. p. 59. Lis. SYST. Penlandria, Digynia. Corolla rotate. Corona none. Anthers gibbous on the back, terminated by a mem- brane ; pollen masses pendulous, fixed by their tips. Stigma mutic. Follicles unknown. — A twining shrub, with opposite leaves and interpetiolar umbels of flowers. 1 H. BiGLASDTjLosA (Endl. 1. c. Bauer, pi. ins. norf. 1. 162.) fj . ^. G. Native of Norfolk Island. Leaves ovate-oblong, petiolate, cuspidately mucronate, 2 inches Ions:, glabrous, shin- ing above and pale beneath. Umbels interpetiolar, racemose, 4-8-flowered, a little longer than the petioles. Corollas pale green. Biglandular Hybanthera. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 1 33. Tribe IV. SECAMONEMi (this tribe contains genera agreeing with Secambne in several particular characters). Pollen masses 20, smooth, fixed by fours to the top of each of the corpuscles of the stigma, which are exsulcate. Filaments connate, appendi- culate outside. LXXIV. SECAMO'NE (Squamouna is the Arabic name of S. jEgyptiaca). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 55. — Peri- ploca species of Lin. and others. Liu. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla rotate. Stami- neous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets laterally compressed, fixed lengthwise by their margins, averse, simple. Pollen masses erect. Stigma coarctate at top. Follicles smooth. — Erect or twining, glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite. Cymes dichotomous, in- terpetiolar. Flowers minute. — Natives of Africa, the East Indies, and New Holland. From the extreme minuteness of the parts, no genus is more difficult to determine than this. * Species natives of the East Indies. 1 S. EME'TICA (R. Br. 1. c. Schultes, syst. 6. p. 124. Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 60.) twining, glabrous ; leaves from elliptic to narrow-lanceolate ; cymes shorter than the leaves ; corolla glabrous ; leaflets of corona cultriform, nearly one half shorter than the gynostegium ; follicles slender, atte- nuated at the apex. Jj . ^\ S. Native of the East Indies, at the roots of mountains, among other bushes. Wall. ascl. no. 102. Wight, cat.no. 1559. Periploca emetica, Retz, obs. 2. p. 14. Willd. phyt. 1. p. 6. t. 5. f. 2. Periploca cymosa, Roxb. Cynanchum vomitorum, Lam. 2. p. 235. ex Poir. ? ined. The other species mentioned by R. Br. 1. c. is probably the Toj-ocar/HM Roxburghii. The roots of this plant are used in place of ipecacuanha. Emetic Secamone. Clt. 1816. Shrub tw. 2 S. FINLAYSOMAVNA (Wight and Amott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 61.) twining, glabrous; leaves oval, acuminated, almost ses- sile ; cymes longer than the leaves, with flexuous branches ; corolla glabrous ; leaflets of corona about equal in length to the gynostegium. It. <0>. S. Native of the East Indies, where it was collected by Dr. Finlayson. — Wall. ascl. no. 103. un- named. Finlay -son's Secamone. Shrub tw. 3 S. MARI'TIMA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1050.) flowers villous inside, disposed in dense cymes ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acute at both ends, smoothish, veinless above ; stem twining. \j . *"*. S. Native of the island of Nusae Kambanga, by the sea side. Sea side Secamone. Fl. Nov. Shrub tw. 4 S. AURICCLA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1051.) flowers glabrous, disposed in corymbose panicles ; leaves oval, acutish, obsoletely biauriculate at the base, veiny, glabrous ; stem twining, fj . **\ S. Native of Java, on the Salak mountains. ^i/ricferf-leaved Secamone. Fl. Oct. Nov. Shrub tw. 5 S. LINEA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1051.) flowers glabrous, dis- posed in loose panicles ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, rather emarginate at the base, glabrous, full of fine parallel veins ; stem twining. \~t . °. S. Native of Java, in shady places, on mount Salak, where it is called Aroy kakavalan. Lined-leaved Secamone. Fl. June, Sept. Shrub tw. 6 S. LAKCEOLA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1051.) flowers glabrous, subcorymbose ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, finely veined, glabrous, shining ; stem twining ; branches nodose at the in- sertion of the leaves. »j . ^. S. Native of Java, in calcareous soil, frequent. 160 ASCLEPIADE^E. LXXIV. SECAMONE. LXXV. TOXOCARPUS. LXXVI. GONIOSTEMMA. Lanceolate-]eaved Secamone. Fl. May, June. Shrub tw. 7 S. VILLOSA (Blum, bijdr.-p. 1050.) flowers disposed in di- chotomous cymes ; tliroat of corolla villous ; leaves oval-oblong, acutish, veinless above, and rather villous beneath ; stems twin- ing, terete, clothed with fulvous tomentum. \i . *"\ S. Native of Java, among bushes, about Batavia. Villous Secamone. Fl. year. Shrub tw. 8 S. MACROPHY'LLA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1050.) flowers disposed in spicate panicles ; corolla villous outside ; leaves ovate, acut- ish, coriaceous, glabrous, veiny ; stems twining, tetragonal. \l . r^, S. Native of Java, in mountain woods. Var. ft, fulva (Blum. 1. c.) leaves acuminated, clothed with fulvous tomentum beneath, as well as the branches and pedun- cles. Jj. ^. S. Native of Java, in calcareous earth, about Kuripan. Long-leaved Secamone. Fl. Jan. May. Shrub tw. * * Species natives of Africa. 9 S. ^EGYPTI'ACA (R. Br. in hort. kew. 2. p. 75.) twining, gla- brous : leaves elliptic-lanceolate, or oblong, acuminated, on very short petioles ; cymes panicled, shorter than the leaves ; corolla villous inside. Ij . ^. S. Native of Egypt, as well as the Cape of Good Hope, in woods. S. Alpinii, Schultes, syst. 6. p. 125. Periploca Secamone, Lin. mant. p. 216. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 45. fl. cap. 2. p. 153. Poir. encycl. 5. p. 189. Se- camone, Alp. segypt, p- 135. t. 134. Leaves paler beneath and transversely veined. Flowers copious, minute. The Egyptian and Cape plants are probably distinct species, and even perhaps not of the same genus. Egyptian Secamone. Fl. July. Clt. 1752. Shrub tw. * * » Species natives of New Holland. JO S. ELLIPTIC A (R. Br. prod. p. 464.) stem erect; leaves elliptic, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles and pedicels tomen- tose ; corolla beardless. I? . S. Native of New Holland, on the sea shore, within the tropic. Elliptic-leaved Secamone. Clt. 1824. Shrub erect. 11 S. OVA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) stem divaricate; leaves ovate, acute, glabrous ; peduncles and pedicels smoothish ; corolhis beardless. (7 . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic, on the sea shore. Oaa/e-leaved Secamone. Shrub erect. * * * * A species native of the West Indies. 12 S. OCCIDENTALS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 837.) corollas downy ; peduncles axillary, solitary ; leaves oval, mucronulate, villous ; stem twining. 17 . /"\ S. Native of Hispaniola and Cuba. Western Secamone. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133. LXXV. TOXOCA'RPUS (from rolpv, toxon, a bow, and capTroc, karpos, a fruit ; in reference to the arched follicles). Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. hot. p. 61. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft. Stamineous corona 5-leaved ; leaflets flattish on the back, fur- nished with a little segment inside each. Pollen masses 20, erect, fixed by fours to the tops of the corpuscles of the stigma, which are exsulcate. Stigma rostrate, rarely apiculated, undi- vided. Follicles smooth, divaricate. Seeds comose. — Twining shrubs. Corymbs interpetiolar, usually opposite, dichotomous, spreading, many-flowered. 1 T. KLE'INII (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) stems glabrous ; young branches downy ; leaves elliptic, acuminated ; corymbs nearly 12 sessile, with divaricate branches, longer than the leaves ; flowers pedicellate ; segments of corolla ligulate, glabrous ; throat rather hairy ; leaflets of corona ovate, bidentately truncate, bear- ing each on the inside at the apex, a flat, linear, much exserted segment, which exceeds the anthers, and is somewhat tridentate at the apex ; stigma rostrate, bifid at apex, exceeding the tube of corolla a little ; follicles arcuately reflexed. \i . r^. S. Native of the East Indies, in hedges, at Vellangany, near Nepatam. — Wight, cat. no. 1560. Periploca glabra, Roxb. in herb. Banks. Echites racemosa, Herb. madr. Wall. ascl. no. 113. unnamed. Klein s Toxocarpus. Shrub tw. 2 T. ROXBU'RGHII (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.) branches clothed with rusty down ; leaves broad, oval, acuminated ; corymbs on short peduncles, with divaricate branches, about equal in length to the leaves ; flowers almost sessile ; throat of corolla hairy ; segments ligulate, glabrous ; leaflets of corona ovate, acutish, bearing each a short, thick, acute, hardly exserted segment inside, which is equal in length to the anthers ; stigma beaked, twisted, equal to the tube of the corolla. I? . "°. S. Native of the Cir- cars. Wight, cat. no. 1561. Asclepias longistigma, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 46. mus. ind. orient, t. 619. Asclepias micr&ntha, Roxb. in herb. Banks. Echites dichotoma, herb. Klein, et Rottler. Wall. ascl. no. 113. b. The flowers are much smaller than in the last species. Roxburgh's Toxocarpus. Shrub tw. 3 T. CRASSIFOLIUS (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 61.) branches sparingly pubescent ; leaves on short petioles, oval, acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous ; corymbs panicle-formed, sessile, with elongated, slightly branched branches, and are, as well as the calyxes, clothed with fuscous down ; flowers sessile, in fascicles, small ; segments of corolla densely clothed with white villi ; leaflets of corona reflexed at the sides, cohering at top, and forming a dorsal keel, having the inner segment acuminated and much exserted, equalling the stigma in length ; stigma rostrate, higher than the gynostegium and tube of the corolla. T^ .^. S. Native of Silhet. Secamone crassifolia, Wall, ascl.no. 101. Thick-leaved Toxocarpus. Shrub tw. 4 T. LAURIFOLIUS (Wight, 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves oval, some- times obtuse, but usually acuminated, coriaceous ; corymbs sessile, divaricately and trichotomously branched ; flowers small, very numerous ; segments of corolla reflexed, bearded with white hairs inside ; leaflets of corona rather fleshy, short, round- ish-ovate, acutish : having the inner segments a little exserted, about equal to the gynostegium ; tips of anthers large, broad, sub-aristate, obconically apiculated above the stigma, which is obtuse, inclosed, and incurved ; follicles slender, diverging hori- zontally. Jj . ^. S. Native of Chittagong and Tipperah ; and at Cawnpore, &c. Asclepias laurifolia, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 49. mus. ind. orient, t. 1814. Wall. ascl. no. 100. A. micrantha, Roxb. in herb. Banks, fl. ind. 2. p. 50. Laurel-leaved Toxocarpus. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133. LXXVI. GONIOSTE'MMA (from yojvm, gonia, an angle, and oTfjufta, stemma, a crown ; stamineous corona 5-angled). Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 62. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, 5-parted. Stamineous corona, tubular, 5-angled, 5-lobed, adhering to the gynostegium at the base. Pollen masses 20, erect, fixed by fours to each corpuscle of the stigma, which are exsulcate. Stigma rostrate. Follicles. ? — A twining shrub, with warted bark. Leaves opposite, oblong-elliptic, acuminated at both ends, gla- brous, shining above. Cymes interpetiolar, panicle-formed, loose, many-flowered. Segments of corolla ligulate, downy inside at the middle, glabrous above. Corona shorter than the gynostegium, fleshy ; lobes naked inside. Stigma cylindrical, ASCLEPIADE^E. LXXVII. HEMIDESMUS. LXXVIII. BRACHYLEPIS. LXXIX. STREPTOCAULON. 161 about one half shorter than the corolla. This genus is allied to both Secamone and Toxocarpus, but differs from both in the structure of the corona, as also in habit. Brown's character of Secamone was probably intended to include all three genera. 1 G. Aci-MisATi-M (Wight, 1. c.). Jj. ^. S. Native of Silhet. Wall. ascl. no. 127. unnamed. dcuminated-leaved. Goniostemma. Shrub tw. Cvlt. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 1 33. Tribe V. PERIPLOVCE^1 (this tribe contains genera agreeing with Periploca in particular characters). R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 56. Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 62. Pollen masses 5-20, granular, fixed singly, or by fours, to a dilated appendage, composed of 2 combined ones, which rises from the top of each corpuscle of the stigma, but are at length applied to it. Filaments partly or altogether distinct. Anthers conniving, in the manner of a cupola, over the stigma. — In all the genera of this tribe, examined by Wight and Arnott, (ex- cept perhaps Cryptostegia) the corpuscle is dilated at the base into a kind of gland, similar to those found at the base of the pollen masses of an Orchis; and in all, with the above excep- tion, both the corpuscle and its appendage are at length readily detached from the stigma. LXXVII. HEMIDE'SMUS (from iifjutrvi, hemisus, half, and ££e remain for some time in their cells, but at length adhere to a viscid dilated corpuscular appendage. 1 H. I'SDICUS (R. Br. in hort. kew. 2. p. 75.) glabrous ; leaves from cordate-ovate, cuspidate, to narrow-linear, acute, usually oblong-lanceolate ; cymes usually almost sessile, but sometimes pedunculate ; scales of corolla adhering to the tube from the base to the apex ; follicles slender, straight. Tj . ^\ S. Native every where in the peninsula of India, among bushes. Wall. ascl. no. 104. 105. Wight, cat. 1562. Periploca I'ndica, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1251. Roxb. mus. ind. orient, t. 212. As- clepias pseudosarsa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 39. exclusive of many synonymes. — Rheed. mal. 10. t. 34. — Burm. zeyl. p. 187. t. 83. f' 1.— Pluk. t. 359. f. 2. (with broad leaves) and t. 361. f. 1. (with narrow leaves). This is a very polymorphous plant, varying much in shape, and size of the leaves ; and when the varieties are better known may hereafter form several species. Indian Hemidesmus. Clt. 1796. Shrub, tw. 2 H. PUBE'SCEXS (Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 63.) branchlets slender, clothed with hairy pubescence ; leaves lan- ceolate, acute, downy as well as the peduncles and calyxes ; cymes sessile ; scales of corolla fixed to the tube. Ij . rk. S. Native of the East Indies, at Vandalore. Wall. ascl. no. 105. cl. unnamed. Wight, cat. no. 1563. Downy Hemidesmus. Shrub tw. 3 H. WALLICHII (Wight, 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves narrow linear- lanceolate, acute ; cymes few-flowered ; scales of corolla subu- late, free from the tube, but cohering with the base of the fila- VOL. IV. ments. *? . ^\ S. Native on hills, about Prome. Wall, cat no. 106. unnamed. Wallich's Hemidesmus. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133. LXXVIII. BRACHY'LEPIS (from /3paxvc, brachys, short, and \iirif, lepis, a scale ; in reference to the 5 short truncate scales in the throat of the corolla). Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 63. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla subrotate, 5- parted ; segments spreading ; scales in the throat 5, short, truncate, flat, mutic ; tube short, fully clothed by a broad, fleshy, adnate ring inside. Filaments very short, broad, distinct, inserted in the upper part of the throat along with the scales ; anthers glued by the base to the margin of the stigma, simple and cohering at top, the rest distinct and beardless. Pollen masses 20, granular, applied by fours to the dilated loose ap- pendage of each corpuscle. Stigma mutic. Follicles divari- cate, cylindrical, smooth. — A twining shrub ; branches downy. Leaves opposite, oval, abruptly acuminated, rather downy while young, glabrous in the adult state, and shining above, parallelly nerved beneath. Cymes interpetiolar, small, tomentose, shorter than the leaves. Flowers small, crowded. Corolla hairy out- side, glabrous inside, subrotate ; segments spreading ; or the corolla is subcampanulate. 1 B. NERVOSA (Wight and Arnott, 1. c.). fj . ^\ G. Native of the Neelgherries. — Wight, cat. no. 1565. Streptocaulon nerv6sum, Wight, mss. — Wall. ascl. no. 107. unnamed. Nerved-\eaved Brachylepis. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133. LXXIX. STREPTOCAU'LON (from .n-ptn-os, streptot, twisted, and KavXoc, kaulos, a stem ; stems twisted). Wight and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 64. — Periploca species, Wall, ascl. Lis. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Corolla rotate, 5-parted ; throat crowned by 5 short scales, which alternate with the segments, aristate ; awns flexuously erect, filiform, straight at the apex. Filaments distinct, inserted in the tube ; anthers adhering by the base to the margin of the stigma, free above, simple and beardless at the apex. Pollen masses granular, soli- tary (or composed of 4 confluent ones), applied to the dilated loose appendage of each corpuscle. Stigma mutic. Follicles cylindrical, divaricate, smooth. Seeds comose. — Twining, or rarely decumbent plants, usually downy or tomentose, rarely glabrous. J. eaves opposite. Cymes interpetiolar, usually spreadiug, and much branched. Flowers small. This genus is intermediate between Periploca, as limited by Mr. Brown, and his Gymnema. It differs from Periploca in the beardless anthers, which character is laid particular stress on by most authors. It differs from Gymnanthera in several respects, by the stigma, pollen masses, and shape of corolla, and its scales. Perhaps most of Poiret's species of Periploca belong to this genus. What his P. Mauritiana may be it is impossible to say, as the synonymes adduced are very different from each other ; thus Plukn. t. 336. f. 7. is Tylophora asthmat ica ; and Rheed. mal. 9. t. 11. is Cryplolepis Buchanani, Roam, et Schultes. 1 S. TOMENTOSUM (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 64.) branches pubescent ; leaves obovate-lanceolate, acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base, hispid above and tomentose beneath ; cymes large, diffuse ; flowers on short pedicels, crowded on the tops of the branches ; calyx and pedicels densely clothed with down ; filaments very short. Tj . ^. S. Native of mount Taong Dong, near Ava ; and of Cochinchina. Periploca tomentosa, Wall. ascl. no. 125. and no. 126. Tomentose Streptocaulon. Shrub tw, Y 162 ASCLEPIADE^E. LXXIX. STREPTOCAULON. LXXX. DECALENS. LXXXI. FINLAYSONIA. 2 S. KLEINII (Wight, and Arnott, 1. c. p. 65.) branches downy ; leaves almost sessile, cuneate-oblong or obovate, mu- cronate, cordate at the base, rather hispid above, but clothed with soft, white tomentum beneath ; cymes diffuse, shorter than the leaves ; calyxes and pedicels densely downy. Fj . ^. S. Native of the Peninsula of India, but the locality is not men- tioned. Wight, cat. 1564. Wall, ascl no. 157, unnamed. Klein's Streptocaulon. Shrub twining. 3 S. WALLICHII (Wight, 1. c.) branches pubescent; leaves el- liptic, attenuated at the base and apex, cuspidate, clothed with soft down above, and fuscous, velvety down beneath ; cymes diffuse and branched, many-flowered, longer than the leaves : having the ultimate branches raceme-formed ; pedicels filiform, and are, as well as the calyxes, glabrous, P? . r^. S. Native of Penang and Singapore. — Wall. ascl. no. 124, unnamed. Wallich's Streptocaulon. Shrufc twining. 4 S. EXTE'NSUM (Wight, I.e.) glabrous; leaves oval, acumi- nated ; cymes panicle-formed, much longer than the leaves ; flowers scattered, pedicellate ; pedicels filiform, glabrous. Pj . /*\ S. Native of Rangoon and Tavoy. Periploca extensa, Wall. ascl. no. 128. Extended Streptocaulon. Shrub twining. 5 S. SYLVE'STRE (Wight, 1. c.) procumbent, or twining a little ; stems rather villous ; leaves almost sessile, roundish-ovate, cus- pidate, cordate at the base, rather velvety on both surfaces, but most so beneath ; cymes few-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels and calyxes pubescent. Tj . r^. S. Native of the East Indies, at Sanastrygota. Periploca ? sylvestris, Ham, herb. no. 763. Wall. ascl. no. 140. Wild Streptocaulon. Shrub twining. 6 S. CALOPHY'LLUM (Wight, 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves narrow- lanceolate, long attenuated, transversely-veined, with sub-undu- lated edges ; cymes almost sessile, few-flowered ; flowers on short pedicels ; follicles slender, apiculated, about 6 inches long. Tj . ^\ S. Native of Nipaul. Periploca ? Wall, asclep. no. 123. This plant differs in habit from the other species, but the structure of the flowers is quite the same. Beautiful-leaved Streptocaulon. Shrub twining. •j- Species not sufficiently known. 7 S. MAURITIA'NUM ; glabrous ; leaves ovate, long-acumi- nated, transversely veined, on short petioles ; racemes axillary, composed of short divaricate branches ; pedicels furnished with short, obtuse scales at the base ; follicles sub-articulated, sub- ulate. 1? . ^\ S. Native of the Mauritius ; and of the East Indies. Periploca Mauritiana, Poir. encyc. 5. p. 188. — Cynan- chum Mauritianum, Lam. diet. 2. p. 236. — Funispapius, Rumph. amb. 5. p. 14. t. 10, and perhaps t. 11. Leaves like those of P. Grae'ca ; but the flowers are much smaller, and disposed in short racemes. Mauritian Streptocaulon. Shrub twining. 8 S. A'LBICANS ; glabrous ; leaves ovate, sub-acuminated, small, on short petioles ; cyrnes few-flowered ; stems corky, white ; tube of corolla hardly the length of the calycine teeth ; segments oblong, nearly subulate, acute. % . • ' Si Native of the East Indies. Periploca albicans, Poir. encyc. 5. p. 191. Leaves myrtle-formed. Flowers small, cream-coloured, nearly sessile, on the branches of the common peduncle. Whitish Streptocaulon. Shrub twining. 9 S. PARVIFLORUM ; glabrous : leaves small, ovate, obtuse, mucronate ; flowers small, twin or tern, almost sessile, on the tops of short, axillary peduncles ; stems filiform, very tough. *2 . r*. S. Native of the East Indies. Periploca parviflora, Poir. encycl. suppl. 5. p. 192. Leaves approximate. Flowers whitish. Small-flowered Streptocaulon. Shrub twining. 12 10 S. VIROA'TUM ; glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse; stems twiggy, furnished with many lateral branches, which bear the flowers along their tops, in small fascicles, disposed in the man- ner of a spike ; flowers small. \i . ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Periploca virgata, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 192. Leaves small. Flowers white. Twiggy Streptocaulon. Shrub twining. 11 S. ? COCHINCHINE'NSIS ; arboreous; leaves fleshy, cordate- oblong, large, glabrous ; racemes short, terminal. ^ • G. Na- tive of Cochinchina. Periploca Cochinchinensis, Lour. coch. 167. Wood flaccid. Branches spreading. Flowers pale blue. Segments of calyx lanceolate, expanded. Nectary girding the fjnitals, of 5 erect, filiform leaflets, which are curved at the base, ollicles 2, oblong. Seeds numerous, roundish. Cochinchina Streptocaulon. Tree. 12 S. ? CHINE'NSIS ; twining; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, glabrous; peduncles many-flowered; segments of corollaglabrous, linear, elongated, twisted. Fj . *"\ {}• Native of China. Pergu- laria Sinensis, Lour. coch. p. 169. Periploca Chinensis, Spreng. syst. 1 . p. 836. Corolla yellow. Corona of 5 arrow-shaped stipitate leaflets ; stigma conical, 5-furrowed ; follicles oblong ; seeds naked. China Streptocaulon. Shrub twining. 13 S. DIVARICA'TA ; shrubby, erect; branches short ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, undulated ; peduncles terminal, 2-flowered, divaricate ; segments of corolla subulate, elongated. Tj . G. Native of China. Pergularia divaricata, Lour. coch. p. 169. Periploca divaricata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 836. Flowers yellow, suffused with red. Corolla somewhat salver-shaped ; furnished with 5 arrow-shaped scales at the mouth of the tube. Follicles oblong ; seeds naked. Divaricate-panided Streptocaulon. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133. LXXX. DECA'LEPIS (from citica, deka, ten ; and \cvic, lepis, a scale; there are 10 scales, 5 in the throat, and 5 in the tube of the corolla.) Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 64. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Corolla sub-rotate, 5- parted ; throat crowned by 5 oblong-oval, flat, mutic scales, alternating with the segments ; tube furnished with 5 linear- obtuse scales, opposite the segments. Filaments distinct, in- serted in the upper part of the throat, along with the 5 upper scales, and cohering with them to the middle. Anthers glued by the base to the margin of the stigma, distinct at top, beard- less, terminated b y a sub-dilated appendage. Pollen masses granular, solitary (probably composed of 4 confluent ones), ap- plied to the dilated, loose appendage of each corpuscle. Stigma mutic. — A twining, ? smoothish shrub. Leaves opposite, oval, bluntly acuminated. Cymes small, on longish peduncles, and shorter than the leaves, composed of raceme-formed branches. Flowers small. Limb of corolla villous inside. 1 D. HAMILTONII (Wight, and Arnott, 1. c.) *? . ^. ? S. Native of the East Indies, but the locality is unknown. Wight, cat. no. 1566. Streptocaulon Hamilton!]', Wight, mss. Apo- cynum, reticulatum, Herb. madr. Wall. ascl. no. 139. This plant belongs to the Madras herbarium, and not to Hamilton's, as Dr. Wight supposed, when he suggested the specific name. Hamilton's Decalepis. Shrub twining. ? Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133. LXXXI. FINLAYSO'NIA (named in memory of the late Dr. Finlayson, a surgeon in the service of the East India Com- pany ; who made many collections of objects of natural history during his residence in the East Indies.) Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 48. t. 162. Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 65. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Corolla rotate ; throat ASCLEPIADE^E. LXXXII. PERIPLOCA. LXXXIII. PHYLLANTHERA. LXXXIV. LEPOSMA. 163 crowned by 5 awned tubercles, alternating with the segments ; awns capillary, erect, hooked at the apex. Filaments distinct, inserted in the throat, within the tubercles. Anthers glued by the base to the middle of the stigma, beardless, terminated by a broad-ovate point ; pollen masses 20, granular, at length applied, by fours, to the dilated appendiculus of each corpuscle, which is slender. Stigma large, ovate, tetragonal at the base. Follicles divaricate, ovate-ventricose, smooth, uncinately beaked at the apex. Seeds rather fleshy. — A twining, fleshy, lactescent, gla- brous shrub. Leaves opposite, petiolate, obovate, very blunt, sometimes retuse, with a broad, acute point. Corymbs large, many-flowered, shorter than the leaves, much lengthened out while bearing the fruit. Flowers small. Corolla glabrous out- side ; segments roundish-ovate, naked on one side, inside, and clothed with white villi on the other. 1 F. OBOVA TA (Wall. 1. c.) ^ . ^. S. Native at the mouth of the Ganges. Gurua obovata, Ham. herb. no. 757. Obovate-ieaved Finlaysonia. Shrub twining. Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133. LXXXII. PERI'PLOCA (from irtptxXtKu, peripleco, to wrap about; twining stems.) R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 57. — Periploca species, Lin. Lix. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Corolla rotate. Throat furnished with 5 awned scales, which alternate with the seg- ments of the corolla. Filaments distinct; anthers cohering, bearded on the back ; pollen masses applied to the dilated tops of the corpuscles of the stigma, solitary, or composed of 4 con- fluent ones. Stigma almost mutic. Follicles cylindrical, much divaricate, smooth. Seeds comose. — Twining, glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite, shining. Flowers sub-corymbose, interpetiolar. 1 P. GR.E'CA (Lin. spec. p. 309.) leaves from ovate to lan- ceolate ; corymbs on long peduncles ; flowers hairy inside. *j . ^. H. Native of the south of France; of Bithynia, in hedges, about Bursa ; and on mount Athos. Jacq. misc. 1. p. 11. t. 1. f. 2. Smith, fl. graec. t. 249. Ker, hot. reg. 803. Schkuhr, handb. t. 53. P. maculata, Moench. — Schmidt, oast. baum. 1. t. 46. Jaume, St. Hil. livr. 8. t. 6. Puham, arb. 2. p. 104. t. 21. Hort. angl. t. 15. Branches brown. Segments of corolla linear, rounded at the apex, greenish outside, and brownish inside, and clothed with copious short hairs. Leaves deciduous, 3-4 inches long. Grecian Periploca. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1597. Shrub tw. 2 P. L.EVIGA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 301.) leaves oblong- lanceolate, veinv, smooth, glabrous, permanent ; cymes trichoto- mous ; corolla glabrous : with linear-obtuse segments. J; . H. Native of the Canary Islands, and the Cape of Good Hope.? P. punicaefblia, Cav. icon. 3. p. 9. t. 217. Corolla greenish-yellow inside ; segments marked each with a fulvous spot on the upper surface. Leaves much smaller than those of the preceding species. Smooth Periploca. Fl. ? Clt. 1779. Shrub tw. 3 P. AXGUSTIFOLIA (Labill. pi. syr. dec. 2. p. 13. t. 7.) leaves veinless, narrow-lanceolate, glabrous, evergreen; cymes tricho- tomous. J; . H. Native of Tunis, on mount Schibel Jsekel ; and of the island of Lampeilosa, at the sea side, near Laodicea. P. rigida, Viv. P. laevigata, Vahl. Flowers purplish inside, pale yellow beneath, and round the mouth, with a white spot in the middle. Leaves 1 inch long. Narron'-leaved Periploca. Fl.? Clt. 1800. Shrub twining. 4 P. AFZE'LII ; leaves oblong, acuminated, glabrous, thick, deep green, rather cordate at the base, on short petioles ; co- rymbs axillary, fj . **\ S. Native of Sierra Leone, on the mountains. Corollas large, black. Perhaps P. nigrescens, Afz. Afzelius's Periploca. Shrub twining. f The following species are not known, except by name ; none of nhich are true species of Periploca. 5 P. PUBE'SCEXS (Humb. et Bonp. mss. in Willd. rel. ex Schultes, 1. c.) leaves cordate, oblong, downy beneath ; flowers racemose ; calyx larger than the corolla. ^ . /"\ S. Native of South America. Downy Periploca. Shrub twining. 6 P. OBLONGA'TA (Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 6. p. 1£9.) leaves oblong, acute, glabrous ; umbels few- flowered, almost sessile ; corollas glabrous. Tj . /"\ S. Na- tive of South America. Oblong-leaved Periploca. Shrub twining. 7 P. MCCRONA'TA (Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. rel. ex Schultes, syst. 6. p. 129.) leaves elliptic-obovate, mucronate ; umbels axillary, few-flowered, almost sessile ; corollas glabrous. ^ . /"\ S. Native of South America. Mucronate-leaved Periploca. Shrub twining. 8 P. TENriFo%i.iA(Humb. et Bonpl. in Willd. rel. ex Schultes, 1. c.) leaves narrow-lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; umbels few- flowered, almost sessile ; corolla glabrous, fj . /\ S. Native of South America. Fine-leaved Periploca. Shrub twining. 9 P. SE'PIUM (Bunge, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 117.) plant rather scandent, shrubby ; leaves oblong, or ovate-lanceo- late., acuminated, glabrous ; panicles dichotomous, few-flowered ; segments of corolla oblong, very villous inside at the edges ; fol- licles elongated, arched, cohering at top. fy . ^. G. Native of China, on the mountains near Pekin, in hedges. Hedge Periploca. Shrub climbing. Cult. P. Graeca and P. angiutifdlia are handsome, hardy, twining shrubs, well fitted for covering bowers or trellis work, or for training against a wall ; these grow freely in common garden soil, and are increased readily by layers or cuttings. The P. laetigata will require protection in winter, either by being planted in a greenhouse, or against a south wall, in which latter situation it will require to be protected by mats in frosty weather, in winter. LXXXIII. PHYLLANTHERA (from 0vXAov, phyllon, a leaf ; and avSripa, anthera, an anther ; in reference to the anthers being dilated and foliaceous at the apex.) Blum, bijdr. p. 1048. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-cleft. Corolla deeply 5-parted, fleshy, discoid inside at the base, with- out any corona ; filaments 5, erect, distinct ; anthers conniving, naked on the back, and dilatately foliaceous at the apex ; pollen masses clavate, applied singly to the dilated tops of the corpuscles of the stigma. Ovarium didymous. Style one, bisulcate at the base ; stigma capitate, mutic. — A twining shrub ; with opposite, lanceolate, glabrous, transversely-veined leaves ; and axillary, solitary, bifid peduncles. This genus is nearly allied to Periploca. 1 P. BIFIDA (Blum, bijdr. p. 1048.) fj . ^. S. Native of Java, on the top of the Salak mountains, where it is called Aroy Krawatan and Wlllen Aroy. Bifd Phyllanthera. Fl. year. Shrub cl. Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133. LXXXIV. LEPO'SMA (from XSTTOC, lepos, bark ; and oafin, osme, a smell ; bark when stripped.) Blum, bijdr. p. 1 049. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx turbinate, 5- toothed. Corolla rotate, having the tube inflated in the middle, and the limb 5-parted, and oblique. Corona none, unless the 5 fleshy scales which are inserted in the tube of the corolla, and lying above the genitals, be considered as such. Anthers 5, in- closed, inserted above the base, in the tube of the corolla, ovate, Y 2 164 ASCLEPIADE.E. LXXXV. GYMNANTHERA. LXXXVI. CRYPTOSTEGIA. LOGANIACE^E. downy on the back, lying upon the stigma ; polliniferous pedi- cels 10, linear, horny, dehiscing outwardly, erect, propped by corpuscles at the base, and applied to the furrows of the stigma ; pollen granular. Stigma 5-angled, and having 5 deep furrows. Ovarium didymous. Style one, thick — A twining shrub, with opposite, elliptic-oblong, acutish, veiny, glabrous leaves, which are paler beneath. Peduncles interpetiolar, bifid. This genus differs from Periploca in the anthers being sessile and inclosed, and from the number and singular form of the polliniferous pedicels. 1 L. JAVA'NICUM (Blum, bijdr. 1049.) Jj . ^. S. Native of Java, about Kuripan. Java Leposma. Fl. May, Ju. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133. LXXXV. GYMNANTHE'RA (from yvpvo^gymnos, naked; and avSripa, anthera, an anther ; in reference to the anthers being beardless.) R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 58. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Dygynia. Corolla salver-shaped. Corona faucis 5-leaved. Filaments distinct, inserted in the throat of the corolla ; anthers beardless ; pollen masses applied by fours to the dilated tops of the corpuscles of the stigma. Stigma apiculated, bifid. Follicles cylindrical, smooth, divari- cate. Seeds comose. — A twining, glabrous shrub. Leaves opposite, shining. Peduncles lateral, sub-dichotomous. Flowers whitish green, beardless. 1 G. NITIDA (R. Br. prod. 464.) T; . ^. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Scales 5, cut, inserted inside the calyx, under its sinuses. Albumen none. Shining-]eaved Gymnanthera. Shrub twining. Cult. For culture and propagation see Pergularia, p. 133. LXXXVI. CRYPTOSTE'GIA (from /cpv^roe, cryptos, con- cealed ; and j . G. Na- tive of New Holland, on the south coast. Corollas white. Long-leaved Logania. Shrub. SECT. II. EUOSMA (from t v, eu, well or good, and OUJIT/, osme, a smell ; flowers sweet smelling). Andr. rep. t. 520. R. Br. prod. p. 456. Calyx obtuse. Stamens inclosed, inserted in the middle of the tube of the corolla. Stipulas setaceous, lateral, distinct, or wanting. — Shrubs. 6 L. FLORIBU'NDA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, smooth ; stipulas lateral, setaceous ; racemes ax- illary, compound, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels downy. >j . G. Native of New South Wales. Euosma albiflora, Andr. bot. rep. t. 520. Corollas white. Bundle-jtonered Logania. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1797. Shrub 2 to 3 feet, 7 L. REVOLC'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves linear, witb recurved margins, rather scabrous above ; racemes axillary, simple, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels downy ; stem erect. ^ . G. Native of New South Wales. Corollas white. /fcro/u/e-leaved Logania. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1826. Sh. ^ to 3 feet. 8 L. FASCICTLA'TA (R. Br. 1 c.) leaves spatulate-linear, ob- tuse, flat, smooth ; corymbs terminal, few-flowered ; branchlets roughish ; stem diffuse. Tj. G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast. Corollas white. Fa*cic/«f-flowered Logania. Shrub diffuse. 9 L. AXGusTiF6i.iA (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. add. p. 59.) leaves linear-lanceolate, cuspidate, tomentose beneath ; stipulas obso- lete ; flowers axillary, corymbose. Fj . G. Native of New Holland. Narrow-leaved Logania. Shrub. SECT. III. STOMA'NDRA (from oro/xa, stoma, a mouth, and o> 770 av£poc, aner andros, a male ; in reference to the stamens being inserted in the mouth of the corolla). R. Br. prod. p. 456. Calyx acute. Stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla, semi-exserted. — Herbs or sub-shrubs. 10 L. SERPYLLIFOLIA (R. Br. 1. c.) suffruticose ; leaves ovate ; stipulas interpetiolar, and are, as well as the calyxes, ciliated ; flowers terminal, subcorymbose. tj . G. Native of New Hol- land, on the south coast. Corollas white. Wild-thyme-leated Logania. Shrub small. 11 L. PUSILLA (R. Br. 1. c.) herbaceous; leaves elliptic; stipulas interpetiolar, triangular ; flowers axillary, solitary. 11 . G. Native of New South Wales. Corolla white. Least Logania. PI. small. 12 L. CAMPANCLA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) herbaceous ; leaves linear, exstipulate ; flowers terminal ; peduncles and calyxes downy. y. . I G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast. Co- rollas white. Campanulate-Qowered Logania. PL ? Cvit. The species of this genus are all well worth cultivat- ing, for the sake of their beauty when in blossom. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand is the best soil for them ; and ripened cuttings of them will strike root if planted in sand, having a hand-glass placed over them. II. GENIO'STOMA (from ytvuov, geneion, a beard ; and arofta, stoma, a mouth ; mouth of corolla bearded). Forst. gen. p. 24. t. 12. Juss. gen. p. 460. Lam. ill. t. 133. f. 2. Spreng. gen. 1. p. 151. Anasser, Juss. gen. 150. Anassera, Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. "p. xxi. LIJJ. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx turbinate, 5- parted ; with acute segments. Corolla tubularly-campanulate or urceolate, with a bearded throat ; having the tube widening gradually into a 5-parted, spreading limb. Stamens 5, inserted in the throat of the corolla, with very short filaments, shorter than the limb. Style 1, permanent; stigma thick, cylindri- cal, obtu with very few exceptions. Like Genttaneae, the properties of this order are tonic, stomachic, and febrifugal ; their bitterness being extreme. Synopsis of the genera. 1 MEXYA'XTHES. Segments of corolla bearded lengthwise, with simple margins. Leaves trifoliate. 2 \TILLA'RSIA. Segments of corolla bearded or scaly at the base ; wi;h ascending margins. — Leaves simple. I. MENYA'XTHES (jitwavOtc, menyanthes, is reckoned by Theophrastus and Dioscorides, and Minyanthes by Pliny, among coronary trefoils. Linnaeus derives the name from pnv, men, a month, and a»-0oc, anthos, a flower ; because the flowers con- tinue open about that time). Tourn. inst. t. 15. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 158. t. 114. R. Br. prod. p. 457. Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. XVII. Menyanthes species, Lin. gen. 202. Juss. gen. p. 98. &c. Acopa, Mor. hist. Lix. SYST. Pentandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla funnel-shaped ; with a spreading equal limb : segments bearded or crested lengthwise, with flat margins. Stigma capi- tate, 2-lobed, bearded. Capsule 1 -celled, 2-valved; valves placentiferous at the axis. Seeds numerous, ovate or obovate, surrounded with a membranous ciliated margin, fixed on each side of the valves in a double row, parietal. — Aquatic glabrous herbs. Stems green, rooting. Leaves alternate, trifoliate. Flowers white inside and reddish outside, disposed in an axillary pedunculate thyrse. Segments with finely ciliated edges. * Leaves trifoliate. Florrers white. 1 M. TRIFOLIA'TA (Lin. spec. 208.) leaves trifoliate ; ra- cemes thvrsoid, axillary ; segments of corolla bearded length- wise. If.. W. H. Native throughout Europe and Siberia, near Salair, and Bernaoul, in ponds and lakes ; plentiful in Britain. Woodv. med. bot. 5. t. 2. Curt. lond. 4. t. 17. Oed. fl. dan. t. 541. Smith, engl. bot. 495. Stev. et Church, med. bot. t. 46. Bulliard, herb. f. 131. Sabb- hort. 1. t. 88. Zorn. icon. 13. Bieb. cauc. 1. p. 141. Bess. vohl. p. 10. Trifolium majus, Tabern. icon. t. 520. f. 2. Trifolium palustre, Bauh. pin. 327. Blackw. t. 474. Trifolium paludosum, Ger. ernac. 1194. Acopa Dioscoridis, Mor. hist. 3. p. 604. sect. 15. t. 2. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 97. no. 55. Roots creeping, jointed. Stem procum- bent, covered by die sheaths of the leaves. Leaflets ovate, obtuse. Peduncles axillary, terminating in a thyrse of white bearded flowers, which are rose-coloured outwardly. Anthers purplish, with the tips curved inwards. This plant was for- merly called Marsh Trefoil, and Marsh Clover or Cloter. It is now generally called Buck-bean, or Bog-bean, from the German Bocshohne, or Bitterklee, and the Danish Bukkeblade. The whole plant, and particularly the root, has an intensely bit- ter taste, which resides chiefly in an extractive matter, solu- ble in water and spirit. Given in small doses, of about 10 grains, imparts vigour to the stomach, and strengthens digestion. Its virtues were formerly properly estimated ; and strange it is that so excellent and cheap a tonic should be so little employed. It gives out its virtues to boiling water, and a tincture may be made from it quite equal in its effects to that of gentian. Large doses, either in substance or decoction, produce vomiting, like many other vegetable bitters. Boerhaave was relieved from gout from drinking the juice of the plant, mixed with whey. An infusion of the leaves are extremely bitter, and of late years has been in common use as an alterative and aperient. A drachm of the powder is aperient and emetic ; and it is some- times used as an anthelmintic. As an active and eccophrotic bitter, it seems not ill adapted to supply the want of bile ; and thus may be of use in protracted jaundice and other biliary obstructions. Cullen mentions several instances of its good effects in some cutaneous diseases of the herpetic and seemingly cancerous kind. In a scarcity of hops this plant is used, in the north of Europe, to give a bitter to the beer : 2 ounces will supply the place of a pound of hops. The powdered roots are sometimes used, in Lapland, instead of bread, but they are unpalatable. Some say that sheep will eat it, and that it cures them of the rot. Var. /3, Americana (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 58.) plant much more robust, but not otherwise distinct. It. W. H. Xa- tive of Xorth America. Menyanthes trifoliata, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 139. Native of New Jersey, Virginia, and Canada, and of the island of Sitcha, in bogs and stagnant waters. This is a much more robust plant than the European species. The flowers are pale red and very handsome. Trifoliate Menyanthes, Buck-bean, or Bean-trefoil. Fl. May. Britain. PI. aquatic. * * Leaves simple. 2 M. CRISTA-GA'LLI (Menzies, mss. ex Hook. bot. misc. 1. p. 45. t. 24.) leaves radical, on long petioles, reniform, cre- nated ; scapes or peduncles corymbose ; segments of corolla undulated, and crested lengthwise. If.. B. H. Native of the north-west coast of America, in marshy mountain pastures, at Prince William's Sound, and about Cape Edgecombe ; and of the island of Sitcha. Bongard. in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 156. Roots or rhizoma horizontal. Scapes a foot hi.h, reddish at top. Corollas white. The crests on the segments of the corolla are exactly similar to those of M. cristata, Roxb. which has also white flowers ; but with the habit and mode of growth of nildrsia. Cockscomb Buckbean. PI. 1 foot. 168 MENYANTHACE^E. I. MENYANTHES. II. VILLARSIA . 3 M. CRISTA'TA (Roxb. cor. 2. p. 3. t. 105.) leaves radical, petiolate, cordate, undulately crenulated on the edges ; petioles viviparous and floriferous below the leaves; pedicels several to- gether, umbellate ; segments of corolla undulately jagged, crested lengthwise. 1£. W. S. Native of the East Indies, floating in pools of sweet water, in which the roots often do not reach the bottom. Cumuda, Roxb. asiat. res. 4. p. 254. Tsjeroea Citambel, Rheed. mal. 11. p. 57. t. 29. It is called by the Bengalese Chooli, and by the Telingas Antara-Tamara. Leaves variable in size, purplish green on the upper side. Petioles various in length, and on the upper side about 2 inches below the leaf, there is a viviparous tuberosity, which produces the flowers as well as other leaves and roots ; the old leaf and the parent petiole decaying, leave this a new plant, each petiole in succession doing the same. Pedicels many, 1 -flowered from tl'.e above-mentioned tuberosity, sufficiently long to raise the flowers above the water, afterwards they drop into the water, and there ripen their seeds. Flowers pure white, about an inch in diameter. Corona triple : the exterior one consisting of white ramose filaments, crowning the mouth of the tube, as in Nerium ; the middle one of 5 beautiful yellow glandular bodies, which nearly fill the mouth of the tube, standing alternately with the filaments ; and the interior one of 5 hairy yellow bodies, surrounding the base of the ovarium. Seeds compressed, scabrous. Crested-flowered Buckbean. PI. floating. Cult. The species are all elegant aquatic plants. The first spe- cies is of the most easy culture, requiring only to be planted or thrown into a pond, where it will grow freely ; the second, being only a bog plant, will require to be grown in a pot filled with peat earth, and the pot placed in a deep pan of water : it will require protection from severe frost in winter, by placing it in a greenhouse or frame ; but should it become plentiful, it may be planted in a natural or artificial bog in the open air, where it will probably endure our winters. The third species, being a native of a warm country, will require to be kept in a cistern or tub of water in a stove. II. VILLA'RSIA (named in honour of D. Villars, a cele- brated French botanist; author of Histoire des Plantes du Dauphine, 3 vols. 8vo. Grenoble, 1786-1 788, &c.) Vent, choix. no. 9. p. 2. R. Br. prod. p. 456. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 187. Waldschmidia, Wigg. Nymphoides, Tourn. hist. t. 67. Menyanthes species, Lin. and others. Lam. ill. t. 100. f. 2. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5 -parted. Co- rolla subrotate ; with a spreading limb ; segments with a flat disk, bearded or squamulose at the base, with ascending margins. Stigma 2-lobed ; lobes toothed. Hypogynous glands 5. Cap- sule 1 -celled, 2-valved, or valveless. Seeds girded by a mem- branous margin, or naked, fixed to the edges of the valves in a double row. — Floating aquatic plants or marsh herbs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, entire, or toothed, usually dotted be- neath. Flowers axillary, or seated on the petioles, subumbel- late, or in terminal panicles. Corolla usually yellow ; margins of segments fringed or entire. SECT. I. AQUA'TIC^;. Capsule valveless. Floaliny mater plants. § 1. Flowers terminal. 1 V. NYMPHOIDES (Vent, choix. no. 9. p. 2.) natant; leaves opposite, cordate-orbicular, or orbicularly reniform, repand ; umbels sessile, terminal, or in the forks of the stem ; segments of corolla ciliated. 2£. VV. H. Native of Europe, as of Denmark, Holland, Sweden, Germany, Piedmont ; and of Sibe- ria, in ditches and slow running streams. In England, as in the Thames, particularly in little recesses of the shores near Walton Bridge, near Botley Bridge, Godstowbridge, and Hinksey Ferry; and in the fens near Ely, frequent, &c. Menyanthes nym- phoides, Lin. spec. 207. syst. 194. Smith, engl. bot. t. 217. Oed. fl. dan. 337. Sabb. hort. 2. p. 67. Smith, fl. graec. 1. p. 128. t. 446. Jaume, St. Hil. 12. livr. t. 6. Limnanthemum peltatum, Gmel. act. petrop 1769. 14. p. 567. t. 17. f. 2. Meynanthes natans, I/am. fl. fr. 2. p. 203. Waldschmidia nym- phoicles, Wigg. prim. p. 20. Drev. et Hayne, abb. zergl. 1. p 33. t. 6. Schweyckherta nymphoides, Gmel. 1. p. 417. — Dalech. hist. 1010. f. 1. Petiv. brit. t. 71. f. 4. Stem dicho- tomous, creeping under water. Leaves of a livid colour be- neath, and dotted. Corolla yellow ; segments bearded at bottom. Seeds ciliated. Nyntphcea-like Villarsia. Fl. June, July. Britain. PI. fl. 2 V. OVA'TA (Vent, choix. t. 9.) erect; leaves ovate, erect; flowers racemosely panicled ; segments of corolla ciliated. %. B. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in boggy watery places. Sims, bot. mag. 1909. Menyanthes ovata, Lin. syst. 194. suppl. 133. Pers. ench. 1. p. 171. Menyanthes Capensis, Thunb. prod. p. 34. Renealmia Capensis, Houtt. pfl. syst. 4. p. 319. t. 47. f. 1.? Leaves elliptic, obtuse, from the neck of the root, full of pellucid dots, with subundulated edges, and obscure glands. Stem longer than the leaves, furnished with 2-3 leaves at base, but naked and panicled at top. Corollas of an orange yellow colour. Perhaps belonging to the section Paludosce. Or«te-leaved Villarsia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1786. PI. 1-2 feet. § 2. Petioles bearing the flowers below the leaves. 3 V. PELTA'TA (Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 178.) floating; leaves peltate ; petioles bearing the flowers beneath the leaves. If.. W. H. Native of Japan, floating in water. Menyanthes peltata, Thunb. nov. act. ups. 7. p. 142. t. 4. f. 2. Menyan- thes nymphoides, Thunb. fl. jap. p. 82. Leaves nearly orbi- cular, thin, glabrous, broader than long. Peltate-leaved Villarsia. PI. floating. 4 V. I'NDICA (Vent, choix. p. 9. Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 97. t. 30.) floating; leaves reniformly orbicular, coriaceous, repand, 3- nerved, or many-nerved, scabrous from scrobicles beneath ; pedi- cels elongated, umbellate from the tops of the petioles, scabrous ; segments of corolla hairy at top; capsule round, crusiaceous; seeds globose, echinated, ex Hook. ; roundish, compressed, size of millet, with a shining crustaceous testa, ex D. Don. I/ . W. S. Native of the East Indies, and the Cape of Good Hope, floating in sweet water lakes. Menyanthes I'ndica, Lin. fl. zeyl. spec. 207. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 31. M. macrophylla, Roth. nov. spec. p. 105. Thunb. fl. cap. 167. Cumada or Cumud, Jones, in asiat. res. 4. p. 254. no. 30. Neclel-Ambel, Rheed. mal. 10. p. 55. t. 28. Nymphae'a Ceramica, Rumph. amb. 6. p. 173. t. 72. f. 3. Corolla with a yellow tube, and white segments. Petioles floriferous and viviparous, as in Meny- nanthes cristata. Segments of corolla lanceolate, the upper side clothed with long white hairs their whole length. Stigma 3-lobed, curled. Antara-Tamara is the Telinga name of the plant, and Bura-chooli is the Bengalee name. Leaves very variable in size ; having the hind lobes connivent. Indian Villarsia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1792. PI. floating. 5 V. MINOR (D. Don, mss.) natant ; leaves reniformly orbi- cular, smooth beneath : having the hind lobes divaricate ; pe- duncles smooth, short ; capsule globose, crustaceous. l/.W.S. Native of the Himalaiah. Plant 4 times smaller in every part than V. I'ndica. Smaller Villarsia. PI. floating. MENYANTHAC&£. II. VILLARSIA. SPIGELIACE^E. 169 6 V. SIMSII ; natant ; leaves reniformly cordate, subcrenated : hind lobes rounded, divaricate ; pedicels elongated, umbellate, rising from the tops of the petioles ; calycine segments lanceo- late ; segments of corolla bearded their whole length. 1{. W. S. Native of Nipaul. Menyanthes I'ndica, Sims, bot. mag. t. 658. Flowers yellow. Wallich states this plant to be a native of Nipaul, and that the young stalks are there employed in making curries. Sir James Smith describes his V. I'ndica as riaving yellow flowers, and as being a native of the Cape of Good Hope ; it is probably the same as the present plant, or a new species. Sim.-'s Villarsia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1792. PL floating. 7 V. SWA'RTZII; natant; leaves orbicular, deeply cordate, subcrenated ; petioles floriferous ; flowers fasciculate ; segments of corolla bearded lengthwise inside. 11. W. S. Native of the West Indies, floating in sweet water. Menyanthes I'ndica, Swartz, obs. 78. Meyer, ess. p. 94. Rodsch. obs. p. 73. — Browne, jam. 151. — Sloan, jam. t. 251. Corolla white, pilose inside, with a yellow base. Anthers reddish brown. Sn-artz's Villarsia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. ? PI. floating. 8 V. HDMBOLDTIA'XA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 187.) natant; leaves deeply cordate, quite entire; umbels seated on the petioles ; capsule valveless, shorter than the calyx ; seeds lenticular, smooth, with naked edges ; segments of corolla bearded inside lengthwise, fringed on the edges. %. W. S. Native of New Granada, near Guaduas, in marshes, floating amongst Juss'ux'a. Hind lobes of leaves spreading. Leaves red beneath and dotted. Umbels sessile. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a short, cylindrical yellow tube, and white recurved limb. Seeds lenticular. Humbohlt's Villarsia. PI. floating. 9 V. SENEGALE'NSIS ; natant; leaves peltate; segments of corolla ciliated on the margins; petioles viviparous and floriferous. 11 . W. S. Native of Senegal, floating in water. Menyanthes I'ndica p, Desrous. in Lam. diet. 4. p. 90. Flowers yellow. ? Senegal Villarsia. PI. floating. 10 V. LACUXOSA (Vent choix. p. 10.) floating ; leaves reni- form, peltate, lacunose beneath ; petioles floriferous and vivipa- rous ; corollas glabrous. I/.. W. H. Native from New Jersey to Carolina, floating in ponds and lakes. V. aquatica, Gmel. syst. 447. V. cordata, Ell. sketch. Menyanthes trachy- sperma, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 126. Anonymos aquatica, Walt. fl. car. p. 109. Capsule scabrous. Flowers white. Ap- pendages of the tube of the corolla prominent. This plant is dioecious and polygamous. Pilted-leaved Villarsia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812. PI. fl. 11 V. PARYIFLORA (Wall. cat. no. 4351.) creeping; radical leaves sagittately cordate, obtuse, on thick, flattened petioles ; floriferous leaves reniformly cordate, entire, on long slender pe- tioles, which bear sessile umbels of flowers at the tops below the leaves : with the hind lobes divaricate, obtuse ; seeds brown, a little flattened, with a smooth glossy testa. I/ . B. S. Native of Tavoy, in bogs. Flowers small. Capsule oblong-obovate, mucronate by the style. Small-flowered Villarsia. PI. creeping. 1 3. Runners creeping. Peduncles racemose or panicled, opposite the leaves, 12 V. GEMIXA'TA (R. Br. prod. p. 457.) creeping; leaves broadly cordate, entire ; racemes opposite the leaves ; pedicels twin; capsule equal in length to the calyx; seeds with naked margins. If. . W. G. Jar. a; leaves rather coriaceous, often discoloured beneath, 2 inches in diameter. 1(. W. G. Native of New South Wales. far. ft ; leaves membranous, of the same colour on both surfaces, 6-10 lines in diameter. If. W. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Perhaps distinct, sometimes stemless. TVin-pedicelled Villarsia. PI. floating. VOL. rv. 13V. SARMENTOSA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 180.) run- ners creeping ; leaves cordate-orbicular, repand, dotted beneath ; panicles opposite the leaves ; seeds glabrous. Ti. W. G. Na- tive of New Holland, floating in water. Menyanthes sarmen- tosa, Sims, bot. mag. 1328. Corollas yellow ; segments obtuse, sinuated and crenulated. Sarmentose Villarsia. Fl. July. Clt. 1 806. PI. creeping. SECT. II. PALUDOS^:. Capsule tali-ate. 14 V. RENIFORMIS (R. Br. prod. 457.) leaves radical, reni- form, entire ; stem elongated, nearly naked ; flowers panicled. If. B. G. Native of New South Wales, in marshes about Port Jackson; and of Van Diemen's Land. Lindl. bot. reg. 1533. Flowers yellow. Nearly allied to V. parnassifblia. Kidney-shaped-leaved Villarsia. PI. 1 foot. 15 V. PARNASSIFOLIA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves radical, ovate- cordate, repandly toothed ; stem elongated, nearly naked ; flowers panicled ; segments of corolla with entire margins ; capsule exceeding the calyx ; valves bifid ; seeds rather sca- brous, y.. B. G Native of New South WT ales ; south coast of New Holland, Van Diemen's Land, in bogs. Swertia par • nassiaef olia, Labill. nov. holl. 1 . p. 72. t. 97. This is a very polymorphous plant, from 1-3 feet high. Leaves toothed or entire, and sometimes angular. Flowers yellow. Parnossia-leated Villarsia. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1805. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 16V. EXALTA'TA ; leaves radical, orbicularly cordate, subcre- nated ; stem panicled, almost leafless ; segments of corolla toothed. If. B. G. Native of New South Wales. Menyanthes exaltata. Sol. mss. Sims. bot. mag. t. 1029. Flowers yellow. Exalted Villarsia. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? PI. 2-3 feet. •f- Doubtful specie*. 17 V. ORBICULA'TA (Lam. ill. no. 1966.) leaves orbicular, crenated, peltate, bearing crowded, nearly sessile flowers in the centre, i) . G. Native of Africa. Leaves bearing flowers in the manner of Claytbma perfoUata. Orbicular-leaved Villarsia. PL floating. ? 18 V. HYDROPHY'LLUM (Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 181.) stems filiform, creeping ; leaves cordate, quite entire ; flowers crowded, axillary, nectariferous. If.. B. G. Native of Cochin- china, in watery places. Menyanthes hydrophyllum, Lour, coch. 105. Leaves petiolate, few, scattered. Flowers white, on long peduncles. Corolla campanulate, hairy ; segments cre- nated. Nectaries 5, branched, discoloured, adhering to the base of the corolline segments. Capsule ovate, girded by the per- manent calyx. Said by Loureiro to be intermediate between Hydrophyllum and Menyanthes : from the larger nectaries it is probably a species of Hydrophyllum. Hydrophylltim-Mke Villarsia. PL creeping. Cult. All the species of Villarsia are elegant when in blos- som. The hardy species require to be grown in a pond. The greenhouse and stove aquatic species should be grown in cis- terns in the stove or greenhouse. V. parnassieefolia, V. gemi- nata, V. renifarmis, and V. sarmentosa, being only bog or marsh plants, require to be grown in pots, in a mixture of peat and sand, the pots to be placed in deep pans of water. All the species are readily increased by seed or dividing. ORDER CLVI. SPIGELIA'CE^E (this order contains plants agreeing with Spigelia in important characters.) Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 132. — Gentianese part of auihors. Flowers regular, of equal parts. Calyx free, regularly 5- parted. Limb of corolla equal, valvate in aestivation. Stamens 5, rising from the corolla ; pollen trigonal, the angles globular. Z 170 SPIGELIACE^l. I. SPIGELIA. Style inserted in the top of the ovarium, articulated ; stigma simple. Capsule dicoccous, coccae 2-valved : with a free central placenta. Seeds small ; with an immediate placentation ; testa simple. Embryo small, straight, in fleshy, copious albumen. — Shrubs or sub-shrubs. Leaves opposite, quite entire, stipulate or substipulate. Flowers disposed in secund, bracteate spikes. Down or hairs on the plants simple or stellate. This order differs from Gentianece, in the style being articulated ; and in the immediate, not parietal placentation of the seeds. The plants contained in this order are highly ornamental, like those of Gen- tianece. The Spigelia anthelmia, and other annual species, are used as a vermifuge ; and the root of Spigelia Marildndica, in- fused in water, is anthelmintic ; and the wine is febrifugal. Synopsis of the genera. 1 SPIGE'LIA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5- parted. Style articulated. Capsule dicoccous ; coccae 2-valved ; Placentas pedicellate. 2 MITRE'OLA. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5 parted. Style articulated, bifid at apex. Capsule 2-lobed. Placentas pedicellate. ? 3 MITRASA'CME. Calyx 4-cleft or bifid. Corolla with an angular tube ; limb 4-parted. Style bifid at the base. Capsule dehiscing between the divisions of the style. I. SPIGE'LIA (named in honour of Adrian Spigelius, born at Brussels, 1578, professor of anatomy and surgery at Padua; died 1625. Author of Isogoge, in rem herbariam, Padua, 1606.) Lin. gen. no. 209. Juss. gen. 103. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 184. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 126. — Arapabaca, Plum. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla funnel-shaped ; limb 5-cleft. Style articulated. Capsule didymous, dicoccous, cut round at the base ; coccae 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds attached to the central placenta, which is pedicellate from the base. — Sub-shrubs or herbs. Roots fibrous. Stems terete, or obscurely tetragonal. Leaves oppo- site, or sub-verticillate, sessile, connate from the confluent pe- tioles, quite entire. Flowers disposed in terminal, secund spikes, which are revolute at top, flowering upwards from the base. Corollas rose-coloured, or purple. — Inhabitants of boggy, or hard, stony situations. § 1 . Suffruticosce. Plants suffruticose. \ S. PULVERULE'NTA (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 126. 1. 192.) suffruticose ; stems branched above, nearly terete, clothed with pale, rusty, stellate tomentum ; leaves opposite, scabrous from powder, but at length naked, broad and sub-cordate at the base, on short petioles ; spikes solitary ; stamens 5 times shorter than the corolla, which is funnel-shaped ; corolla and coccae powdery. fj . S. Native of Brazil, in the mine provinces, at the altitude of 3800 feet, on Serra de Caraca. Sp. Olfersiana, Schlecht, in Linnaea, 1 . p. 206. Corollas rose-coloured, with more ob- scure stripes. Powdery Worm-grass. Shrub 2 feet. 2 S. FRUTICULOSA (Lam. ill. p. 474. no. 2152. Poir. ency. 7. p. 345.) shrubby, glabrous ; leaves ovate-petiolate : upper ones 4 in a whorl ; spikes solitary, slender ; corolla funnel-shaped ; stamens inclosed. Jj . S. Native of Cayenne, in woods. Habit of S. anthelmia. Stem and branches quadrangular. Leaves 2- 3 inches long, and more than an inch broad. Shrubby Worm-grass. Shrb 1 to 2 feet. 3 S. SELLOWIA'NA (Schlecht. in Linnaea, 1. p. 205. Mart. 1. c. p. 129.) shrubby, covered all over with yellowish, stellate tomentum ; leaves opposite, on short petioles, ovate, rounded at the base, acutish, scabrous above ; spikes solitary ; corollas tubular ; stamens exserted. T? . S. Native of the interior of Brazil. Habit of S. pulverulenta ; but the flowers are double the size, and more conspicuous. Sello's Wormgrass. Shrub. 4 S. GLABRA'TA (Mart. 1. c. p. 127. t. 193.) suffruticose, quite glabrous ; branches nearly terete ; leaves oblong or lanceolate, long-acuminated, tapering into the short petioles ; upper ones usually 4 in a whorl ; spikes aggregate ; stamens 3 times shorter than the corolla, which is funnel-shaped ; coccae glabrous. J? . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia, in shady woods, at Almada and Ilheos. Sp. laurina, Schlecht. in Linnaea, 1. p. 204. Flowers 8-12 on each peduncle, fewer than in the last species. Corollas flesh-coloured, with more obscure stripes, about 8 lines long. Glabrous Worm-grass. Shrub 2 feet. | 2. Perennis. Herbaceous, perennial plants. 5 S. PULCHE'LLA (Mart. 1. c. 2. p. 128. 1. 194.) quite glabrous; stems furrowed-angular, almost leafless, rushy ; leaves opposite, sessile, small, linear, acute ; spikes solitary ; stamens exserted, but 5 times shorter than the corolla, which is tubular ; coccae smooth. If.. S. Native of Brazil, in high, rocky places, near Villa do Rio de Contas, at the elevation of 2800 feet. Corollas showy scarlet, an inch and more long. Neat Worm-grass. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 6 S. SCHLECHTENDALIA'NA (Mart. 1. c. p. 129.) stems and branches tetragonal ; leaves opposite, or 4 in a whorl, sessile, narrow-lanceolate, acuminated, downy on the nerves beneath ; spikes solitary; stamens inclosed, 3 times shorter than the co- rolla, which is funnel-shaped; coccae smooth. T(.. S. Native of Brazil, on the top of mount Morro de Villa Rica, at the ele- vation of 4000 feet. Corolla 8 lines long, pale rose-coloured, marked with obscure lines. Schlechtendahl's Worm-grass. PI. 1 to 2 feet ? 7 S. HUMBOLDTIA'NA (Schlecht. in Linnaea, 1. p. 200. Mart, nov. gen. br. 2. p. 129.) herbaceous, smoothish ; stem and branches tetragonal ; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, or ovate, acute at the base ; upper ones 4 in a whorl ; spikes soli- tary ; corolla funnel-shaped ; stamens inclosed ; coccae smooth. 1£ . S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of Rio Janeiro, St. Paul, and Cisplatine ; and of Mexico, in woods, at Papantla. Flowers white. Very like the following. Humboldt's Worm-grass. PI. 1 foot. 8 S. SCA'BRA (Schlecht. 1. c. p. 202. Mart. 1. c.) herbaceous ; stem and branches tetragonal ; leaves petiolate, ovate, attenuated at the base, scabrous beneath, especially on the nerves and veins; floral leaves 4 in a whorl ; spikes solitary ; corolla funnel-shaped ; stamens inclosed ; coccae roughish. 1£ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Cisplatine. Scabrous Worm-glass. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 9 S. BEYRICHIA'NA (Schlecht. 1. c. p. 203.) herbaceous, smoothish ; stem and branches tetragonal ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute at both ends : floral ones 4 in a whorl ; spikes soli- tary ; corollas funnel-shaped ; stamens inclosed ; coccae smooth. 1^. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro. Very nearly allied to Sp. glabrata ; but differs, in the leaves being shorter, ovate, less hard, and smooth. Beyrich's Worm-grass. PI. 10 S. HAMELLIOI'DES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 185.) herbaceous, smoothish ; stems simple, glabrous; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous above, but furnished with small, scattered, adpressed hairs beneath ; upper ones 3-4 in a SPIGELIACE^:. I. SPIGELIA. II. MITREOLA. 171 whorl ; spikes solitary ; corolla funnel-shaped : stamens inclosed, twice shorter than the corolla ; coccae glabrous. 11 . H. Na- tive of New Granada, near Guaduas, in temperate places. Stem sub-tetragonal. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Calycine segments linear-subulate, with hispid edges. Hamellia-like Worm-grass. PI. 1 foot. ? 11 S. PEDUNCULA'TA (Willd. mss. ex Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 787. H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) herbaceous, glabrous ; stem nearly simple ; leaves oblong, long-acuminated, rather scabrous on the margins, upper ones usually 4 in a whorl ; spikes solitary, on long peduncles ; stamens equal in length to the corolla ; co- rolla funnel-shaped ; coccse glabrous. Tf. . S. Native on the declivities of the Andes, about Quindiu, near El Moral. Stems nearly terete. Calycine segments linear-lanceolate, with hispid edges. Corolla purple. /W«nc/«f-spiked Worm-grass. PI. 1^ foot. 12 S. SPECIOSA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 186. t. 224.) herba- ceous ; stems simple, tetragonal, downy ; leaves opposite, roundish, acute, sessile, glabrous, but downy on the veins be- neath, and ciliated on the margins ; spikes terminal, sessile, solitary ; corolla funnel-shaped ; stamens exserted. y. . S. Native near the city of Mexico. Root tuberous. Veins of leaves purplish. Corolla large, flesh-coloured ; with a green, revolute limb. Shorvy Worm-grass. Fl. April. PL \\ foot. 13 S. MARYLA'NDICA (Lin. syst. 197. mant. 2. p. 330.) herbaceous ; stems simple, tetragonal, scabrous : leaves oppo- site, sessile, oval-lanceolate, glabrous ; spikes solitary ; corolla funnel-shaped ; stamens inclosed ; coccae glabrous. ? % . H. Native of Virginia, Maryland, Carolina, Georgia, &c. on the edges of woods, in rich moist soil ; and on the banks of the Arkansas, in the forests near the first cliffs. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 148. Pursh, 1. p. 139. Curt. bot. mag. t. 80. Lodd. bot. cab. 930. Stev. et Church, med. bot. 1. t. 7. Plench, t. 89. Heyne, term. bot. t. 44. f. 5. Garden and Hope, act. edinb. 3. 1771. p. 145-153. t. 1. Lonicera Marylandica, Lin. spec. 2. p. 249. Catesb. car. 2. t. 78. Corollas scarlet outside and yellow inside. Calycine segments subulate. The roots are sold under the name of norm-grass or pink-root, or Indian pink in the shops. This is a mucilaginous plant, with a mild and not disagreeable taste. The infusion and decoction of the root and leaves afford a flocculent precipitate with alco- hol. The plant was first used by the Cherokee Indians as an anthelmintic. Drs. Lining, Garden, and Chalmers first intro- duced it to notice ; and their subsequent experience tended to confirm its utility. The root possesses the greatest activity, and is given in doses of from 10 grains, two or three times a day. If it proves purgative it is said to be most effective ; and should it not, it must be combined with cathartics, which pre- vent the narcotic symptoms, such as stupor, head-ache, dilated pupil, flushings of the face, stiffness of the eyelids, that so fre- quently follow its administration. It is said to be most useful in lumbrica ; and it is to its narcotic principle that Dr. Good attributes its vermifuge powers, which it possesses in common w»tn Spigelia anthelmia. Notwithstanding all that has been said in its favour, its real anthelmintic properties are somewhat equivocal. The plant is called Unsteetla by the Cherokee Indians. Maryland Worm-grass. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1694. PI. i to 1 foot. § 3. A'nnuce. Annual plants- It S. ANTHE'LMIA (Lin. amcen. 5. p. 133. t. 2.) herbaceous, roughish ; stems nearly terete, branched ; leaves on short pe- tioles, ovate, long-acuminated, or oblong-acute : floral ones 4 in a whorl ; spikes aggregate ; corollas funnel-shaped ; stamens inclosed; coccae muricately scabrous. Q. S. Native of Guiana, Cayenne, New Granada, Trinidad, and Brazil. In New Andalusia it is called Yerba de Lombrices. Sims, bot. mag. 2359. Lam. ill. t. 107. Brown, jam. p. 156. t. 37. f. 3. — Plum. gen. p. 11. t. 31 — Plenck, off. t. 88. Brazeel-Parrsis, Petiv. gaz. t. 59. f. 10. Corollas pale red, small. Anthelmintic Worm-grass. Fl. July. Clt. 1759. PI. i to 1 foot. 15 S. FLEMMINGIAVNA (Schlecht, in Linnaea. 1. p. 203. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 130.) herbaceous, glabrous; stem and branches nearly terete ; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends : floral ones 4 in a whorl ; spikes soli- tary, elongated, on short peduncles ; corolla funnel-shaped ; stamens inclosed; coccae smooth. Q. S. Native of Brazil, within the tropic. Very like S. anthelmia. Flemming's Worm-grass. PI. •£• to 1 foot. 16 S. PUSILLA (Mart. 1. c. p. 130.) herbaceous, downy ; branches procumbent, and are as well as the stem tetragonal ; leaves on short petioles, opposite, ovate, attenuated at the base, acutish ; flowers few, terminal, sessile ; corolla tubularly ven- tricose ; coccae smooth. 0. S. Native of Brazil, in woods, near Sebastianople. Corollas white, suffused with red. Flowers 2-3 together at the tops of the branches. Small Worm-grass. PI. procumbent. Cult. All the species of this genus are very showy while in blossom, and are therefore worth cultivating in every collection. The best soil for them is an equal mixture of loam and peat. Young cuttings of the shrubby and herbaceous perennial kinds root freely, planted in the same kind of soil, with a hand-glass placed over them. S. Marylandica sometimes survives the winter when planted in the open ground, in a peat border. The annual kinds should be treated as other tender annuals. II. MITRE'OLA (a dim. of furpa, mitra, a mitre ; form of capsule). Rich, in Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 148. R. Br. prod. p. 450. — Cynoctonum, Gmel. syst. 443. — Anonymos, Walt. fl. car. 108. Ophiorhiza spec. Lin. Michx. LIN. STST. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 5-parted, per- manent. Corolla urceolate or funnel-shaped ; having the tube much longer than the calyx ; a villous mouth ; and ovate, acute segments. Stamens inclosed. Style articulated at the base ? ; bifid at apex ; stigmas blunt. Capsule 2-lobed or of 2 coccae ; coccae or lobes diverging, dehiscing inside. Seeds numerous, angular, fixed to 2 elongated placentas, one in each coccae or cell. — Erect herbaceous plants, with opposite leaves ; and terminal secund spikes of flowers. 1 M. SESSILIFOLIA (R. Br. prod. p. 450.) stem acutely tetra- gonal ; leaves opposite, sessile, ovate ; cymes on long pedun- cles; flowers unilateral. If.. H. Native of Lower Virginia and Carolina, in dry gravelly fields, by wood sides. Ophiorhiza, Mitreola, Lin. spec. 213. Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 148. Willd. spec. 1. p. 826. Pursh, 1. p. 139. Lam. ill. t. 107. f. 1. Cynoctonum sessilifolium, Gmel. syst. 443. Anonymos sessilifolia, Walt. fl. car. p. 108. Flowers small, pale blue. Style bifid. Cynoctonum petiolatum, Gmel. 1. c. the Ar.ony- mos petiolata, Walt. 1. c. is probably a mere variety of this plant. Sessile-leaved Mitreola. Fl. July. PI. 1 foot. 2 M. SWA'RTZII ; glabrous ; stem tetragonal, simple, or branched, terete at top ; leaves on short petioles, acute, gla- brous ; spikes terminal, slender, unilateral : flowers digynous, solitary in the forks. I/ . S. Native of Jamaica. Ophiorhiza Mitreola, Swartz, obs. p. 59. t. 3. f. 2. exclusive of the syno- nymes. Flowers small, white, a little longer than the calyx. Styles 2. Stvarlz's Mitreola. PI. 1 foot. 3 M. PANICULA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 4349.) erect, paniculately branched ; stem and branches slightly tetragonal ; leaves ovate, SPIGELIACE^. III. MlTRASACME. acuminated, downy, as well as the young branches ; leaves and petioles slightly ciliated ; panicles axillary and terminal ; dicho- tomously branched; flowers distant, secund, spicate, on very short pedicels, with one in each fork. Q. H. Native of Tavoy, on Mount Taong Dong, near Ava, Segaen, Prome, &c. Capsule of 2 1 -celled divisions, which are incurved at top. Mitreola oldenlandioides, Wall. cat. no. 4350., a native of Sukanagur, is only a smaller more glabrous variety ; having the stems more decidedly quadrangular. Panicled Mitreola. PI. | to 2 feet. Cult. See Mitrasacme, p. 173. for culture and propagation. III. MITRASA'CME (from ptTpa, mitra, a mitre, and aKfir), akme, a point ; form of capsule). Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 36. t. 49. R. Br. prod. p. 452. According to R. Br. 1. c. Mitrdgyne would be a more applicable name for this genus. LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Calyx angular, 4- cleft, rarely bifid. Corolla with an angular tube, and a 4- parted limb, deciduous. Stamens 4, equal, inclosed, rarely exserted ; anthers behind. Style bifid at the base. Capsule dehiscing between the divisions of the style. — Glabrous or pilose herbs. Leaves opposite, sometimes crowded and radical, with- out any cauline ones ; sometimes connate. Flowers terminal, umbellate, rarely axillary, solitary. Capsule dehiscing at top, not open. — According to R. Br. this genus differs from the legi- timate Gentianece a little, but nevertheless it agrees more with E'xacum than with Scrophuldrince. SECT. I. MITRASA'CME VEVR« (this section contains the legitimate species of the genus). R. Br. prod. p. 452. Calyx 4-cleft. Stamens inclosed, inserted in the middle of the tube of the corolla. Style at the time the flowers are open, bifid at the base ; stigma 2-lobed. 1 M. POLYM6RPHA (R. Br. prod. p. 452.) umbels semi-com- pound ; peduncles elongated, and are as well as the calyxes glabrous ; segments of calyx beardless at apex ; leaves linear, ciliated a little, glabrous or pilose beneath ; stem erect, hairy. O- G. Native of New South Wales. Polymorphous Mitrasacme. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. PI. i foot. 2 M. SQUARROSA (R. Br. 1. c.) umbels semi-compound ; pe- duncles glabrous ; segments of calyx beardless at topi ; leaves broad-linear, crowded, recurved at tops, and ciliated at the base, with cartilaginous margins ; stem multiple, pilose. O- G. Na- tive of New South Wales. Squarrose Mitrasacme. PI. 3 M. CINERA'SCENS (R. Br. 1. c.) umbels simple, 3-4-flowered; peduncles glabrous ; calycine segments beardless at apex ; leaves linear-lanceolate, ciliated, glabrous, terminating in a setaceous mucrone ; branches ascending, pilose : the ultimate internode the longest, and smoothish. Q. G. Native of New South Wales. Greyish Mitrasacme. PI. 4 M. CANE'SCENS (R. Br. prod. p. 453.) umbels usually 3- flowered, sessile ; pedicels glabrous ; calycine segments bearded at apex ; leaves linear, obtuse, hairy on both surfaces ; stem procumbent ; branches ascending, with all the internodes pilose ; root perennial. 2J . G. Native of New South Wales. Canescent Mitrasacme. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. procumbent. 5 M. MULTICAU'LIS (R. Br. I.e.) peduncles 2-4, 1 -flowered, from the ultimate axils, shorter than the stem, pilose ; tube of corolla about equal to the calyx, but twice longer than the limb ; capsules ovate ; stem multiple : partial ones undivided, erect, hairy. Q. G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Many-stemmed Mitrasacme. PI. 6 M. RAMOSA (R. Br. 1. c.) umbel terminal, 4-6-flowered; pedicels pilose ; tube of corolla equal in length to the calyx, which is pilose ; leaves linear, pilose ; stem simple at the base, and a little branched at the apex. O- G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Branched Mitrasacme. PI. 7 M. LARICIFOLIA (R. Br. 1. c.) peduncles downy, axillary, 1 -flowered, longer than the stem, which is simple ; tube of corolla 3 lines longer than the limb ; capsules globose ; leaves linear-subulate, terminating in a setaceous mucrone, glabrous, with recurved margins, which are ciliated at the base. Q. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Larch-leaved Milrasacme. PI. 8 M. PROLIFERA (R. Br. 1. c.) umbels terminal, 2-3-flowered, on as many axillary pedicels ; tube of corolla globose, exceeding the limb : throat bearded ; capsules globose ; leaves linear- lanceolate, glabrous ; stem branched, humble. O- S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Proliferous Mitrasacme. PI. 9 M. ALsiNoloEs (R. Br. 1. c.) peduncles solitary, lateral ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; stem dichotomous, erect. O- G. Native of New South Wales. Chickrueed-like Mitrasacme. PI. 10 M. PALUDOSA (R. Br. 1. c.) umbels 2-3-flowered, nearly terminal ; corollas subrotate ; anthers exserted at • the apex ; leaves linear-lanceolate, glabrous ; branches ascending. Q. G. Native of New South Wales. Marsh Mitrasacme. PI. 11 M. PYGM^E'A (R. Br. 1. c.) scapes radical, capillary; umbels simple or compound ; corolla one half longer than the calycine segments, which are setaceously mucronate ; capsules ovate, exserted at apex; leaves radical, oval-oblong. O- S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Pygmy Metrasacme. PI. dwarf. 12 M. ELA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) scapes radical, elongated, fur- nished with remote stipula-formed leaves ; umbels simple or compound ; corolla salver-shaped : having the tube 3 times higher than the calyx; leaves radical, stellate, oblong. G- S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Tall Mitrasacme. PI. 13 M. STELLA'TA (R. Br. prod. p. 454.) scapes glabrous, longer than the stem, which is downy ; umbels compound ; limb of corolla one half shorter than the tube : segments semi-ovate ; leaves lanceolate, linear, acute, glabrous, 1 -nerved: upper ones approximate, disposed in a stellate manner. 0. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Starry -leaved Mitrasacme. PI. 14 M. SERPYLLIFOLIA (R. Br. 1. c.) plant creeping, smoothish; branches diffuse or ascending : leaves ovate, petiolate, ciliated, twice as long as the peduncles, which are axillary and solitary ; calyx glabrous ; stigma almost undivided. O • G. Native of New South Wales. Wild-thyme-leaved: Mitrasacme. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. creeping. 15 M. PILOSA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 36. t. 49. R. Br. 1. c.) plant creeping, pilose : leaves ovate, petiolate, ciliated, shorter than the axillary, solitary peduncles ; calyxes hispid. Q. G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Pilose Mitrasacme. PI. trailing. 16 M. PHASCOIDES (R. Br. 1. c.) stemless; flowers 3-4-toge- ther, sessile ; leaves linear-lanceolate, pilose. Q. S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Phascum-like Mitrasacme. PI. tufted. SECT. II. DICHELOCA'LYX (from liyif\og, dichelos, bifid, and Ka\vl-, calyx, a calyx ; in reference to the bifid calyx). Calyx SPIGELIACE/E. III. MITRASACME. GENTIANRE. 173 bifid. Stamens inclosed, inserted iu the middle of the tube of the corolla. Style bifid at the base, at the time the flowers are expanded. Stigma 2-lobed. 17 M. PARADOXA (R. Br. 1. c.) umbels terminal : leaves linear- lanceolate ; stem erect ; capsule inclosed. 0- G. Native of New Holland, on the south coast. Paradoxical Mitrasacme. PI. SECT. III. HOLOGYXE (from oXoc, holes, entire, and gyne, a female ; in reference to the undivided style and stigma). Style undivided at the base at the time the flowers are open. Stigma entire. Calyx 4-cleft. Stamens inclosed, inserted in the middle of the tube of the corolla. 18 M. COXXA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) scape terminal, glabrous, longer than the stem, which is pilose ; umbels simple ; limb of corolla about equal to the tube in length : with the segments linear- lanceolate ; segments of calyx one half shorter than the tube ; leaves 3-nerved ; upper ones approximating in a stellate manner. Q. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Connate-leaved Mitrasacme. PL 19 M. CAPILLA'RIS (Wall, in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. 420. D. Don, prod, fl nep. 129.) umbels nearly simple, on elongated pedun- cles : pedicels and calyxes glandular ; segments of corolla roundish, obtuse ; leaves elliptic, mucronulate, pilose as well as the stem, which is short. 0. G. Native of Nipaul, in the Great Valley. Leaves decussate, obsoletely 3-nerved, connate at the base from the membranous sheathing stipulas. Pedicels very long. Flowers small, white. Segments of calyx with membranous ciliated margins. Style subulate, dilated at the base, bipartite when the capsule becomes mature. Stigma ca- pitate, pruinose, slightly 2-lobed. Capsule 2-celled, empty at top. Capillary Mitrasacme. PL -| foot. 20 M. SUDICAU'LIS (Reinwdt. herb, ex Blum, bijdr. p. 849.) scape radical, elongated, trifid ; leaves opposite, remote, stipula- ibrmed : umbels usually 3-flowered ; corolla salver-shaped ; having the tube thrice as long as the calyx ; radical leaves stel- late, oval-oblong, obtuse. TJ. . S. Native of the island of Salor. \aked-stemmed Mitrasacme. Fl. Aug. Sept. PL SECT. IV. PLECOCA'LYX (from r\tKtt, pleco, to plait, and aaXvl, calyx ; in reference to the plicate calyx). Calyx plicate, 4-cleft ; lobes concave. Stamens exserted, inserted in the throat of the corolla. Capsule at length semi-bivalved. 21 M. AMBIGUA (R. Br. 1. c.) scapes radical, capillary, naked; umbels rather compound; leaves oblong-lanceolate. ©. G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Ambiguous Mitrasacme. PL Cult. The species of Mitrasacme being for the most part annual, the seeds of those which can be procured should be sown in pots, filled with an equal mixture of sand, loam, and peat, and reared in a hot-bed in spring ; and when they have grown to a sufficient size, they should be thinned, if too thick, and afterwards placed in the greenhouse, or in a frame. ORDER CLVII. GENTLVNE^i. (This order contains plants agreeing with the genus Gentiana in particular characters.) Juss. gen. p. 141. ed. Usteri, p. 157. R. Br. 149. H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3 p. 167. Mart. nov. gen. bras, 2. p. 132. Calyx 4-5 cleft, permanent. Corolla monopelalous, hypogynous, regular, marcescent or deciduous; with an equally parted limb ; lobes equal in number to the calycine segments, but usually 5, some- times from 4-8, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens epipetalous, equal in number to the segments of the corolla, and alternating with them, but some of them are abortive. Ovarium solitary, 1 -2-celled, many-seeded. Styles 1 or 2, when 2 they are partly combined or altogether so; stigmas 1-2. Capsule (sometimes a berry) many-seeded, 1 -2-celled, usually 2-valved ; having the margins of the valves bent in and bearing the seeds in those in which the capsule is 1 -celled ; but the seeds are inserted in central placentas in those with 2-celled capsules. Seeds small. Embryo straight, inclosed in the axis of soft fleshy albumen. Radicle tending towards the umbilicus. — Herbs, rarely shrubs, usually glabrous. Leaves opposite, entire, exstipulate. Flowers terminal or axillary. This order is more readily distinguished by habit alone, than by character. It is nearly allied to Polemoniaceae, Scrophu- lariiue, and SpigeUaceee ; from the first it is distinguished by the dehiscence of the capsule and placentation of the seeds ; from the second in the flowers being regular, and in the stamens being equal in length ; and from the latter in the style not being kneed, in the capsule being 1 -celled, and in the seeds being fixed to the edges of the valves. It also comes near to Apocynete, but is readily distinguished from that order in the aestivation of the corolla. In Smerlia perennis the embryo is in the umbilical region of the seed, contrary to the assertion of Dr. Gaertner. The species are chiefly natives of cool and mountainous re- gions of Europe, Asia, and America. They are mostly dwarf, herbaceous plants, with deep blue, yellow, or white flowers, the former colour prevailing. They are all pretty, and most of them beautiful in the highest degree, but, with few exceptions, they are impatient of cultivation. The medicinal properties of the root of Asterias lutea, Coilantha rubra, and C. purpiirea, the stems and leaves of Agathbtes alata, Erythrce^a Centaiirium, and E. Chilensis, Frasera Walteri, &c., are eminently tonic, sto- machic, and febrifugal ; their bitterness is second only to quassia and Peruvian bark. Similar, but more feeble virtues are found in most of this order. A kind of spirit is distilled in Switzerland from the roots of Gentiana macerated in water. Synopsis of the genera. TRIBE I. GENTIANIE\E. Capsule 1 -2-celled; margins of valves pla- centiferous. Seeds usually disposed in a double row. SUB-TRIBE I. GENTiA'NE-E-VE'Ri. Capsule l-celled, 2,-talted ; margins of calces bearing the seeds. Anthers remaining un- changed. 1 SWE'RTIA. Corolla rotate, 4-5-parted: having 2 necta- riferous pores at the base of each segment, which are ciliated with hairs. Seeds compressed, marginate. 2 HALE'NIA. Corolla rotate, 4-5-parted : each segment fur- nished with a spur, horn or tubercle at the base. Seeds roundish, small, smooth. 3 AOATHOTES. Corolla rotate, 4-parted : having 2 parallel, oblong, fringed pores at the base of each segment. Seeds minute, globose, smooth. 4 OPHE'LIA. Corolla rotate, 4-5-parted; each segment furnished with 2 distinct or combined nectariferous, naked pores or glands at the base. Seeds angular, scrobiculate, scabrous. 5 GENTIANE'LLA. Corolla 4-cleft, salver-shaped, furnished with 4 nectariferous pores at the bottom ; segments fringed. Seeds small, scobiform. 174 GENTIANE^E. 6 FRASE'RA. Corolla rotate, 4-parted ; each segment fur- nished with 1 orbicular bearded gland in the middle. Seeds imbricate, marginate. 7 GENTIA'NA. Corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, 4-5-cleft. Stigma 2-lobed. Seeds roundish or oblong. 8 CENTAURE'LLA. Corolla urceolately campanulate, 4-cleft. Stigma thick, glandular, 2-lobed. Seeds small, roundish. 9 ASTE'RIAS. Calyx spathaceous, 3-4-cleft, split on one side. Corolla subrotate, 5-cleft, furnished with a green gland at the base of each segment. Anthers at first combined, after- wards free. Seeds compressed, winged. 10 COILA'NTHA. Calyx spathaceous, unequally toothed, split on one side. Corolla campanulate, 5-10-cleft. Stigma bifid. Anthers at first combined. Capsule furnished with 5-7 tubercles at the base. Seeds compressed, winged. 11 EURYTHA'LIA. Corolla salver-shaped: limb 4-5-cleft, with as many bearded or fringed smaller segments inside these, and attached to them at the base. Anthers incumbent. Stigma 2-lobed. Seeds compressed, roundish. 12 PLEUROGYNA. Corolla rotate, 4-5-cleft, with a fringed throat. Anthers incumbent. Stigmas 2, adnate to the ovarium lengthwise on both sides in the sutures. Seeds minute, globose. 13 ERICA'LA. Corolla funnel-shaped or salver-shaped, 8-10- cleft ; the alternate or accessory segments usually the smallest. Anthers incumbent, ovate or oblong, minute. Seeds ovate or oblong, minute. 14 PNEUMONA'NTHE. Corolla campanulate or salver-shaped, 10-cleft: the alternate or accessory segments usually the smal- lest. Anthers combined. Seeds small, globose, smooth. 15 GLYPHOSPE'RMUM. Flowers polygamous. Corolla tu- bular, 5-cleft. Anthers incumbent. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Seeds orbicular, full of excavated dots, disposed in a single row. 16 SELA'TIUM. Corolla tubular, 5-lobed. Filaments flat; anthers incumbent. Stigma 2-lobed, nearly sessile. Placentas 2, one half shorter than the ovarium. 17 ULOSTOMA. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-parted : having the tube bearded with long hairs inside. Filaments dilated: anthers incumbent. Ovarium fusiform. Stigma sessile, 2-lobed. 18 SCHULTE'SIA. Calyx tubular, 4-cleft, 4-winged. Corolla salver- shaped, with an equal tube, and a 4-cleft limb. Stigma bilamellate. Seeds minute, angular. 19 CALLOPISMA. Calyx 4-parted ; with keeled segments. Corolla salver-shaped, 4-cleft; with an equal tube. Stigma 2-lobed, exserted. Anthers pruinose, opening by a double pore at the apex. Seeds oblong or angular. 20 TA'CHIA. Calyx tubular, 5-angled, 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-parted, with a wide throat. Stamens exserted, inclinate. Stigma small, round, bilamellate, exserted ; margins of valves bent into the central placenta. Seeds small, viscid. 21 PREPU'SA. Calyx campanulate, 6-cleft, 6-winged. Co- rolla campanulate, 6-cleft. Stamens 6. Seeds minute, globose, angular. 22 ORTHOSTEVMON. Calyx tubular, 4-toothed. Corolla with a short, 4-parted limb. Stamens 4, exserted ; anthers dehis- cing lengthwise. Stigmas 2, roundish. 23 CHLORA. Calyx 4-8-parted. Corolla salver-shaped, 4- 5-parted. Stamens 8 ; filaments very short ; anthers linear, erect. Stigma 2-4-cleft. Capsule oval-oblong. Seeds minute. 24 HIPPION. Calyx viscid, 5-cleft. Corolla viscid, salver- shaped, swelling at the base, and contracted at the orifice ; limb 5~cleft. Stamens 5, exserted. Anthers incumbent. Style declinate. Stigma capitate, slightly cloven. 25 CANSCORA. Calyx cylindrical or quadrangular. Corolla funnel-shaped : with a 4-cleft unequal limb. Stamens 4, one longer than the rest. Anthers oblong-linear. Stigma 2-lobed. Seeds roundish, minute. 26 VOHIRIA. Calyx turbinate, 5-cleft; furnished with 2-3 scales at the base. Corolla salver-shaped, 5-cleft ; tube long, narrow, tumid at the base. Anthers almost sessile. Stigma capitate, simple. Capsule oblong. Seeds scobiform. 27 LEIPHA'IMOS. Calyx small, 5-parted. Corolla funnel- shaped, 5-cleft. Anthers sagittate, nearly sessile. Stigma somewhat peltate, sub-bilabiate. Capsule lanceolate ; edges of valves villous. Seeds scobiform. 28 ENICOSTE'MA. Calyx unequally 5-cleft. Corolla funnel- shaped, 5-cleft. Stamens 5 ; filaments dilated. Stigma capi- tate, subemarginate. Capsule oblong. Seeds scrobiculate. 29 CRAWFU'RDIA. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Corolla cam- panulate, 5-cleft, with or without accessory lobes. Filaments dilated ; anthers erect. Hypogynous disk 5-lobed. Stigma 2-lobed, recurved. Seeds with membranous edges. SUB-TRIBE II. COUTOU'BEJE. Capsule 2-celleJ, in conse- quence of the margins of the valves being bent into the central column ; margins of valves placentiferous. Anthers remaining unchanged, even in the old state, 30 COUTOU'BEA. Calyx campanulate, 4-parted. Corolla salver-shaped, 4-parted ; tube equal. Stamens 4, exserted ; filaments bidentate at the base. Anthers sagittate. Stigma bilamellate. Seeds scobiform. 31 ADENE'MA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft. Stamens 5, inclosed ; filaments short, furnished with a gland at the insertion of each ; anthers incumbent. Stigma 2-lobed. Seeds scobiform. 32 SCHUBLEVRIA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla tubularly campanu- late, 5-cleft. Stamens 5, minute ; anthers oblong. Stigma simple, penicellately glandular. Seeds small, ovate or obovate, angular. 33 HE"LIA. Calyx campanulate, 5-parted. Corolla salver- shaped ; limb rather oblique, 5-parted : tube inflated in the middle. Stamens 5. Stigma of 2 cylindrical divisions. Seeds small, globose, or angular. 34 EUDOXIA. Corolla campanulate, 5-cleft. Stamens 5, adnate to the tube of the corolla ; filaments channelled inside ; anthers linear, incumbent. Ovarium fusiform, 2-celled. Stigma sessile, 2-lobed. Ovula orbicular, peltate, concave on one side, with membranous edges. SUB-TRIBE III. CHIRONIJE. Capsule I -celled, 2-valved; mar- gins of valves inflexed, seminiferous. Anlhers changed when old. 35 CHIRONIA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped, 5-cleft. Stamens 5 ; filaments dilated ; anthers oblong, erect, connivent, at length spirally twisted. Style declinate. Stigma capitate. GENTIANE.E. I. SWERIIA. 175 36 ROSLIXIA. All as in Chirbnia, but differs in the fruit being a succulent berry. 37 ERYTHBJE'A. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped : with a short 4-5-parted limb. Anthers spiral in the old state. Style erect. Stigmas 2, roundish. 38 SABBA'TIA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla with an urceolate tube, and a 5-12-parted limb. Stigmas 2, spiral. Anthers at length re volute. SUB-TRIBE IV. LISIA'KTHE*. Capsule i-celled, in conse- quence of the margins of the takes being bent into the central column ; margins of takes placentiferout. Anthers changed in the old state. 39 LISIA'XTHUS. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft. Corolla fun- nel-shaped ; tube ventricose on one side ; limb equal, 5-cleft. Anthers sagittate, incumbent, revolute in the old state. Style elongated ; stigma bilamellate. Seeds small, angular. 40 IRLBA'CHIA. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft. Corolla funnel- shaped, equal, 5-cleft. Anthers revolute when old. Lobes of stigma cylindrical. Seeds angular, small. 41 SYMBOLA'STHUS. Calyx 5-parted, pentagonal. Corolla salver-shaped, 5-parted ; tube cylindrical ; segments fringed. Stamens having a small crenulated, ring-formed membrane at the base of the filaments. Anthers sagittate, but at length con- volute. Lobes of stigma linear-oblong, flat. 4J EC'STOMA. Calyx 5-parted ; having the segments more or less winged on the back. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ; tube contracted a little at apex. Stamens 5 ; filaments com- pressed; anthers rather sagittate. Stigma deeply 2-lobed. Seeds scobiform. TRIBE II. EXACIE'.£. Capsule 2-celled ; margins of takes inflexed, in- serted in the central placentas, which are at length free and bear the seeds. 43 SEB.EVA. Calyx 4-5-parted ; segments keeled or winged. Corol'a 4-5-cleft. Stamens exserted ; anthers dehiscing length- wise, when old recurved and callous at the apex. Stigmas 2. 44 E'XACCM. Calyx campanulate, 4-cleft ; segments winged on the back. Corolla subrotate, 4-cleft. Stamens 4, declinate ; filaments terete ; anthers oblong, sub-tetragonal, emarginate at the base, erect, dehiscing by a chink at apex. Style declinate. Stigma clavate, undivided. 45 MICROCA'LE. Calyx deeply 4-cleft. Corolla salver- shaped, with a swelling tube and a 4-cleft limb. Stamens 4, filiform, erect : anthers oblong. Style declinate ; stigma capi- tate, undivided. Capsule imperfectly 2-celled. TRIBE III. DESFOMAIXIE\E. Berry \-celled, many-seeded; with 4-5 pa- rietal septiform placentas, hence the berry appears many-celled; placentas with rejlexed seminiferous sides. Seeds disposed with- out order, erect, oborate, angular, with an umbilicus at the base, and a dilated chalaza at top. Albumen fleshy, white. — Ever- green shrubs, with spiny-toothed leaves, and solitary, terminal, pedunculate flowers. Peduncles bibracteate. 46 DESFONTA'IXIA. Calyx 4-5-parted; with nearly equal 12 obtuse segments. Corolla tubular, cartilaginous ; with a 4-5- lobed limb; lobes roundish, retuse. Stamens 4-5. Anthers erect, innate, 2-celled, inserted each in a large, fleshy connective ; cells dehiscing lengthwise. •\ A genus hardly known. 47 PAJXA'DIA. Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb of 8 segments ; tube furnished with 8 plicae. Capsules 2, club-shaped. Stigmas 2, spreading. Seeds small, roundish, fixed to spongy receptacles. TRIBE I. GENTIANIE\E. Capsule 1-2-ceDed, 2-valved; margins of valves placentiferous. Seeds usually disposed in two rows, on each side of the valves. SUB-TRIBE I. GEUTIA'SE^-YE'R^. (This tribe is supposed to contain the legitimate species of the genus.) Capsule 1 -celled, 2-valved. Margins of valves bearing the seeds. Anthers re- maining unchanged in the old state. 1. SWE'RTIA (so named by Linnaeus after Iman Sweert, a cultivator of bulbs and flowers, in Holland ; author of Flori- legium, Francof. 1612. fol.). Lin. gen. no. 321. Schreb. 449. Juss. 142. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 160. t. 114. Lam. ill. t. 109. LIN. STST. Tetra-Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 4-5-parted. Corolla rotate, 4-5-parted ; segments furnished with 2 callous scrobicles at the base of each, which are fringed on the edges. Stamens 4-5 ; filaments subulate, flattened, gla- brous, dilated at the base; anthers incumbent, dehiscing length- wise, loosened at the base. Style very short. Stigmas 2, sub- orbiculate, flattened, minutely papillose above, with revolute edges. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved. Seeds compressed, mar- ginate, fixed to the edges of the valves. — Usually glabrous herbs. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate, quite entire, nerved. Flowers terminal, pedunculate, almost solitary, or racemosely panicled, blue or yellowish. § 1. Pentamera (from veyre, pente, five, and fiepic, meris, a part ; parts of the flowers). Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 5-clefl. Stamens 5. 1 S. PERE'NNIS (Lin. spec. 328.) glabrous : stems erect, and are, as well as peduncles, tetragonal ; leaves almost all radical, ovate or elliptic, obsoletely nerved ; racemes panicled, terminal ; segments of corolla acute. 1^. H. Native of Germany, Austria, France, Caucasus, and Siberia ; and of North Wales. Jacq. austr. 243. Smith, engl. hot. t. 1441. Pall. ros. 2. p. 98. Gentiana paniculata, Lam. fl. fr. 2. no. 333. Gentiana palustris. All. ped. no. 367. — Hall. helv. no. 636. — Barrel, icon, t. 91. — Morr. his. sect. 12. t. 5. f. 11. Calycine segments su- bulate. Corolla of a greyish purple colour ; segments elliptic, acute, dotted with black, having the edges of pores bristly. Margins of valves bearing a double row of seeds. Plant very bitter. Cauline leaves opposite. Bracteas elliptic, oblong. Perennial Felwort. PI. July, Aug. PL 1 foot. 2. S. OBTU'SA (Led. act. petrop. 5. p. 526. fl. alt. 1. p. 290. Rchb. pi. crit. 5. p. 11. t. 419. f. 605.) glabrous; stems erect, and are, as well as the peduncles, tetragonal ; leaves scattered, all oblong, 5-nerved, somewhat coriaceous, obtuse ; flowers ra- cemose ; segments of corolla obtuse, dotless, and erose at the apex ; cilia of nectary very long and loose ; filaments pilose at the base. Native of Siberia, in sub-alpine humid places. S. perennis Pall. itin. 2. p. 568. S. perennis, /3 alternifolia, Schlecht. in Linnaea. 2. p. 189-190. Stem bluish-green, tetra- gonal. Lower cauline leaves petiolate, oblong. Bracteas, and pedicels bluish. Corolla violaceous. 176 GENTIANEiE. I. SWERTIA. II. HALENIA. Var. /3, albiflora (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 291.) flowers white. Native of Siberia. Obtuse-\eavet\eia, opheleia, service ; plants ser- viceable in medicine). D. Don, mss. — Swertia species of authors. LIN. SYST. Tetra-Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 4-5-parted, spreading. Corolla rotate, deeply 4-5-parted ; nec- tariferous glands or pores at the base of each segment 2, dis- tinct or combined, naked. Stamens 4-5 ; filaments subulate, glabrous; anthers cordate, obtuse, 2-celled. Ovarium fusiform. Style very short ; stigma 2-lobed : lobes obtuse, revolute, prui- nose. Capsule ovate, membranous, 1 -celled, 2-valved, many- seeded, dehiscing at top. Seeds minute, angular, scrobiculate, dark brown, scabrous — Annual branched herbs, natives of Nipaul ; with quadrangular stems ; opposite sessile leaves ; and panicled, white, or purple flowers. * Segments of corolla furnished nith 2 conferruminated glands or pores at the base of each. 1 O. ANGUSTIFOLIA (D. Don, mss.) flowers 4-cleft ; leaves 12 petiolate, linear-lanceolate, acute ; calycine segments linear, mucronate ; segments of corolla ovate, acuminated, hardly shorter than the calyx. ©. H. Native of Nipaul, at Narain- hetty, and of Kamaon and Sirmore. Swertia angustifolia, S. pulchella, and S. dichotoma, Ham. herb. S. angustifolia, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 127. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. p. 2. t. 204. Branches trichotomous. Leaves 2 inches long. Flowers pale purple, dotted with paler purple. Root fusiform, fibry. The glands or pores on the segments of the corolla are bearded above, consequently it may be a species of Agathotes. Narrow-leaved Ophelia. PI. 1 to 2 feet.. 2 O. CILIA'TA (D. Don, mss.) flowers 5-cleft ; leaves linear, scabrous, with revolute margins, petiolate, ciliated ; calycine segments lanceolate, mucronate ; segments of corolla ovate- lanceolate, acuminated, tuberculate at the base, hardly longer than the calyx; stem nearly terete. ©. H- Native of the Himalaiah, Royle. Swertia ciliata, Royle, herb. Stem sca- brous at the joints. Ciliated -leaved Ophelia. PI. 1 foot. 3 O. WALLICHII ; flowers 5-cleft ; leaves lanceolate, acumin- ated, 3-nerved, ciliated at the base ; segments of corolla ovate, shorter than the calyx; filaments dilated at the base. Q. H. Native throughout Nipaul and Kamaon. Swertia paniculata, Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. p. 3. t. 205. Flowers whitish-purple. Perhaps the same as Oph. ciliata. Wallich's Ophelia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 4 O. TE'RES (D. Don, mss.) flowers 5-cleft ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, 3-nerved, scabrous, petiolate, ciliated ; calycine segments mucronate ; segments of corolla ovate-lanceolate, acu- minated, longer than the calyx ; filaments monadelphous ; stem terete. 0. H. Native of Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan. Swertia racemosa, Wall. cat. no. 4377. Flowers white, but dark purple at the base. Terete-stemmed Ophelia. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 5 O. FLORIDA; flowers 4-cleft? leaves sessile, lanceolate, 3-nerved, acuminated, becoming gradually narrower and smaller as they approach the top; calycine segments linear-setaceous, longer than the corolla before its expansion, but are afterwards about equal in length to it ; segments of corolla oblong, mucro- nate ; flowers corymbose and racemose. ©. S. Native of the Burmese empire, at Prome, and on mount Taong Dong. Swer- tia florida, Wall. cat. no. 4382. The flowers of the plant from Prome are paniculately corymbose ; and those of the plant from Taong Dong, are paniculately racemose. Lower leaves petiolate. Flowery Ophelia. PI. 2 feet. 6 O. CHIRA'YTA (D. Don, mss.) flowers 5-cleft; leaves sessile, ovate, acute, 5-nerved ; calycine segments ovate-lanceolate, acuminated ; segments of corolla oblong, bluntish, shorter than the calyx. Q. H. Native of Nipaul. Swertia latifolia, Royle, herb. Flowers very pale blue. Chirayta Ophelia. PI. 1 to 2 feet. ? 7 O. PORRIGENS (D. Don, mss.) flowers 4-cleft ; leaves linear, acute, glabrous : with revolute edges ; calycine segments lan- •eeolate, acuminated ; segments of corolla ovate, mucronulate, longer than the calyx ; stem tetragonal. 0. H. Native of Nipaul. Swertia pulchella, Ham. ex Wall. cat. no. 4375. Swertia elegans, Wall. cat. no. 4376. is only a slight variety of this species. Stretching Ophelia. PI. 1 foot. 8 O. CORDA'TA ; flowers 5-cleft ? leaves ovate, cordate at the base, 5-nerved; panicles axillary and terminal, racemose; calycine segments ovate, acuminated, about equal in length to the segments of the corolla, which are also nearly similar in shape. ©. H. Native of Kamaon. Swertia cordata, Wall, cat. no. 4378. Stem branched, tetragonal ; angles slightly winged ; wings rather scabrous. GENTIANE.E. IV. OPHELIA. V. GENTIANELI.A. VI. FRASERA. 179 Cordate-leaved Ophelia. PI. 2 to 3 feet. * ' Segments of corolla furnished each with 2 oblong, distinct glands. 9 O. LO'CIDA (D. Don, mss.) flowers 4-cleft ; superior leaves cordate, acute, stem-clasping; ralycine segments linear-lanceo- late, mucronulate ; segments of corolla ovate, acuminated, longer than the calyx. ©. H. Native of Nipaul. Swertia lucida, Royle, herb. Flowers purple. Shining Ophelia. PI. 2 to 3 feet. Cull. The seeds of the species of Ophelia should be reared on a hot-bed in spring, as other tender annuals ; and the plants afterwards planted out in the open ground, about the end of May, in a warm situation. V. GENTIANE LLA (a dim. of Gentiana). Borkh. in Roam. arch. 1 . p. 29. Gentiana species of authors. Hippion species, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 11. Gentiana, sect. Crossopetalae, Froel. gent. 109. LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Digynia. Calyx 4-cleft. Corolla salver-shaped, 4-cleft, without any accessory segments ; fur- nished with 4 nectariferous scrobicles at bottom, as in Sirfrtia. Stamens 4 ; anthers incumbent. Ovarium subpedicellate, ob- soletely tetragonal. Style hardly any. Stigmas broadish, re- volute. Capsule fusiform, 1 -celled, 2-valved, with obtuse an- gles. Seeds small, scobifonn. — Perennial, herbaceous, glabrous plants ; stems tetragonal. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, with scabrous edges, sessile. Flowers terminal, pedicellate. Segments of corolla serrated, deeply ciliated in the middle. 1 G. CILIA'TA (Borkh. 'in Ro-m. arch. 1. p. 29. Mayrhoff. fl. mon. t. 189.) stem flexuous, tetragonal ; leaves lanceolate and linear; segments of corolla serrated, deeply ciliated at the base. 'Ji. H. Native from the Baltic to the Mediterranean, on hills. Gentiana ciliata, Lin. spec. S34. Lam. diet. 2. p. 644. exclusive of the synonymes of Oeder and Gunner. Jacq. fl.austr. t. 113. Pall, fl! ross. 1. t. 92. f. 2. b. Hippion ciliatum, Schmidt, in Rcem. arch. 1. p. 11. Lower leaves spatulate. Corolla deep or pale blue, having the nectariferous glands yellow. Filaments ciliated with white hairs. Anthers purple. Segments of corolla lanceolate, acuminate: alternate ones larger. Var. /3 ; stem dwarfer, few-flowered ; leaves for the most part lanceolate. I/. H. Froel. gent. p. 109. — Barrel, icon. 121. exclusive of 97. f. 1. Var. f; stem many-flowered, branched. y.. H. Froel. gent. p. 109. Var. c ; stem humble, 1-flowered ; leaves all ovate-lanceo- late. I/ . H. Froel. 1. c. J'ar. c ; segments of corolla toothed, not ciliated. If. H. Hippion dentosum, Schmidt, boh. 24. exclusive of the syno- nymes. Ci/wfed-flowered Gentianella. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt, 1759. PI. A foot. 2 G. FIMBEIA'TA ; stem simple, 1-flowered, naked under the flower ; leaves lanceolate ; segments of corolla serrated at top, and ciliately fringed in the middle. }/ . H. Native of Cauca- sus, in valleys. Gentiana fimbriata, Willd. mss. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 175. Gentiana ciliata, Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 99. exclusive of the definition and synonymes. — Column, ecphr. p. 222. 221. f. 1. Flowers blue. Segments of corolla oblong. This plant is said to occur in Germany with larger flowers, and with the stem leafy even to the calyx. Fringed- flowered Gentianella. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1818. PI. i foot. 3 G. MACRA'NTHA (D. Don, mss.) stem erect, branched ; branches tetragonal ; lower leaves spatulate : upper ones linear ; peduncles tetragonal, 1-flowered ; corolla turbinately campa- nulate; segments fringed; calycine segments unequal. 1£. H. Native of Mexico. Gentiana ciliata, Moc. et Sesse, mss. in herb. Lamb. Radical leaves petiolate : cauline ones sessile. Corollas large, showy, pale blue : segments oblong, mucro- nulate, erosely serrated at top, and fringed at the base. Filaments dilated, keeled. Anthers oblong. Ovarium fusiform, stipitate. Stigmas large, cucullate, with plicate fringed edges. Large-flowered Gentianella. PI. 1 foot. 4 G. CRIMTA; stem terete; branches elongated, 1-flowered: leaves lanceolate, acute ; segments of corolla obovate, deeply ciliated. If.. H. Native from New York to Carolina, in dry pastures and woods. Gentiana crinita, Froel. gent. p. 112. Pursh 1. p. 185. Curt. bot. mag. t. 2031. Sweet, fl. gard. 139. Gentiana fimbriata, Andr. bot. rep. 509. Gentiana ciliata /3, Americana, Lin. syst. 1. p. 645. Flowers azure blue, • elegantly fringed on their edges. Accessory segments of corolla or inner plicae simple, ex Pursh. Seeds cylindrical, hispid. Long-haired Gentianella. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1804. PI. £ foot. 5 G. BARBARA ; stem acutely tetragonal ; branches elongated ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated ; segments of corolla oblong, rounded at the apex, serrulated, deeply ciliated in the middle. If. . H. Native of Siberia and Caucasus, in grassy, saltish alpine meadows. Gentiana barbata, Fnel. gent. p. 114. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1352. Led. fl. alt. 1 . p. 282. Gentiana ciliata, Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 101. t. 92. f. 2. a. Sims, bot. mag. t. 639. exclusive of the synonymes. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 105. no. 73. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers smaller than those of G. ciliata. Corolla with a greenish tetra- gonal tube ; and green nectariferous glands ; segments pale blue. Far. j3, simplex (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 282.) stems quite simple. Bearded-flowered Gentianella. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1764. PI. | foot. 6 G. DETOXSA ; stem tetragonal, erect ; leaves linear, acute ; segments of corolla crenulated at top, bidentate on both margins, acute or obtuse. ? If. H. Native of Norland, Iceland, Nor- way, &c. Gentiana detonsa, Rottl. in act. hafn. 10. p. 435. t. 1. f. 3. Retz, obs. 1. no. 25. Frosl. gent. p. 116. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1352. Gentiana ciliata P, Gmel. syst. p. 462. no. 43. Retz, scan. ed. 2. p. 64. no. 220. G. ciliata, Gunn. norv. 2. p. 88. t. 2. f. 3-5. Gentiana serrata 0, Wahl. lapp. p. 71. Very like G. barbata, and probably only a variety of it. Co- rolla blue. 5/wicen-flowered Gentianella. PI. \ foot. 7 G. SERRA'TA (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1 . p. 29.) stem tetra- gonal; branches 1-flowered; leaves linear-lanceolate; corolla 5-cleft ; segments oblong, obtuse, serrated, or ciliated on the edges, y.. H. Native of Norland and Iceland, in pastures near the sea. Gentiana serrata, Gunn. norv. 2. p. 101. no. 819. Fro;l. gent. p. 1 1 7. Gentiana ciliata, Oed. fl. dan. t. 317. Gen- tiana Bavarica, Zoega island, p. 235. Peduncles 2-leaved. Co- rolla blue. Stigmas capitate. Serrated-flowered Gentianella. PL £ foot. Cult, The species of Gentianella are extremely elegant when in blossom, and are therefore well fitted for decorating peat borders, in which soil they always succeed best. As most of the species are difficult to preserve in the open ground during winter, reserve plants of each should be kept in pots that they may be easily sheltered by a frame in winter. The species are best increased by seed, which should be sown as soon as ripe, for if kept till spring they seldom vegetate. VI. FRASE'RA (named after John Fraser, a collector of North American plants). Walt. fl. car. p. 88. Michx. fl. bor. A A 2 180 GENTIANE^E. VI. FRASERA. VII. GENTIANA. amer. 1. p. 96. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 94. Spreng. gen. 1. p. 85. LIN. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 4-parted or 4- cleft. Corolla 4-parted, spreading ; segments oval, each furnished with an orbicular bearded gland in the middle. Stamens 4, inclosed ; filaments filiform. Anthers ovate, oblong ; somewhat bifid at the base, at length reflexed. Stigmas 2, thick, glandular, capsule compressed, submarginated, 1 -celled. Seeds few, imbri- cated, winged, fixed to the margins of the valves. — A tall herb, having the stem and branches tetragonal. Leaves opposite and subverticillate, oblong. Flowers verticillate, on short, 1 -flowered pedicels. Corollas greenish yellow, sometimes mixed with purple. 1 F. WALTEVRI (Michx. 1. c. t. 97.). $ . F. Native in swamps of Lower Carolina; and on the borders of lakes in Pennsylvania and New York ; and at the sources of the Arkan- sas. F. Caroliniensis, Walt. fl. car. p. 88. Flowers in aggre- gate clusters. The whole of the plant has a very stately appear- ance ; its generic character approaches so near to Smertia that without seeing the fruit it might be considered a species of that genus. Walter's Frasera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1795. PL 3 to 6 ft. Cult. This plant requires to be grown in a peat soil, in a moist situation ; it will also require protection the winter after being raised from seed, or that preceding its flowering. VII. GENTIA'NA (so named from Gentius, king of Illyria, who first experienced the virtues of some species or other). Borkh. in Rct>m arch. 1. p 28. R. Br. prod. p. 450.— Gen- tiana species of authors — Hippion species of Schmidt. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-cleft, Co- rolla funnel-shaped, rarely salver-shaped, with a naked throat ; limb 5-cleft, without any accessory segments. Stamens 5 ; anthers free, incumbent ; filaments flattened. Stigma 2-lobed, usually sessile. Capsule 1 -celled. Seeds roundish or oblong. — Glabrous herbs. Leaves opposite, decussate, petiolate or sessile. Flowers terminal. This genus is easily distinguished from others broken off from Gentiana by the throat of the corolla being naked, in the anthers being free, in the limb of the co- rolla being without any accessory segments, &c. SECT. I. Perennial herbaceous plants. Corollas more or less campanulalely funnel-shaped, 5-cleft. Anthers incumbent. Stigma 2-lobed, sessile. 1 G. LIMOSELLOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 130. t. 220. f. 1.) procumbent; leaves spatulate, obtuse, rather veiny ; flowers terminal, solitary, on long peduncles ; corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ; throat naked. It. F. Native of South America, on the burning mount An- tisana, in humid flats. Stem branched, quadrangular. Leaves on long petioles. Calycine segments lanceolate, acute. Ova- rium linear. Lobes of stigma obtuse, spreading. Segments of corolla obovate-oblong, obtuse. Limosella-like Gentian. PI. j to 3 foot. 2 G. RUPICOLA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. t. 220. f. 2.) tufted, procumbent, branched ; leaves spatulate or linear-oblong, ob- tuse, somewhat 1 -nerved, dense; flowers terminal, solitary, pedunculate ; corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, 5-parted ; throat bearded. 2/ . F. Native of mount Antisana, near the crater, among rocks, which are covered by perpetual snow ; and of Peru, near Pasco. Gent, campanuloldes Willd. herb, ex Rcem. etSchultes, syst. 6. p. 184. Branches densely leafy. Leaves sessile. Flowers about the size of those of Campanula pdtula, sometimes larger, purple or blue, with obovate obtuse segments. Calycine segments lanceolate, acutish. Ovarium linear. Rock Gentian. PI. procumbent, tufted. 3 G. ORA'CILIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 168. t. 221.) stems ascending, almost simple, 1-flowered ; leaves oblong-spatulate, obtuse, nerveless : lower ones approximate ; corolla campanu- lately funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ; throat beardless. I/ . F. Native on the tops of the Andes of Quito ; in Parama de Saraguru, between Rio Bamba and Loxa. Stems quadrangular, rather compressed at top. Leaves nearly sessile, smaller, and more distant to the tops of the stems. Flowers size of those of Saxi- fraga granuldta ; with lanceolate, acute segments. Calycine segments lanceolate, acute. Ovarium linear, compressed. Slender Gentian. PI. ^ foot. 4 G. SAXIFRAGIOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 168.) tufted, procumbent; sterile branches short, densely leafy: floriferous ones elongated, few-leaved, ascending, 1-2-flowered ; leaves lanceolate-linear, obtuse, somewhat 1 -nerved ; corolla campa- nulately funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ; throat beardless, y. . F. Na- tive of South America, on the Pulla mountains, between Vina- jaca and Loxa, at the altitude of 1560 hexapods : and near Pasco. Stem branched, creeping. Leaves sessile. Flowers size of those of Halesia tetrdptera, orange-coloured or yellow in the dried state. Segments of corolla obovate-oblong, obtuse. Calycine segments lanceolate, acute. Ovarium linear, compressed. Lobes of stigma obtuse. Leaves sheathing in a very remark- able manner at the base. Saxifrage-like Gentian. PI. -| foot. 5 G. C^ISPITOSA (Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. may. sept. 1830.) plant creeping, tufted, ascending, branched ; flowers corymbose, terminal ; leaves crowded, decussate, roundish-ellip- tic, rather fleshy, concave, 3-nerved ; calyx 5-cleft, acute, re- flexed ; corollas erect, campanulate, 5-toothed, obtuse ; with a naked throat. I/ . H. Native of North America, on the arctic coasts ; and reared from seed collected during Capt. Franklin's expedition. Stems rooting at bottom. Leaves like those of Arenaria pej>loides, but much darker green. Flowers sessile, rarely solitary and axillary, usually 3-4 together, terminal. Corolla greenish blue, yellowish green at the base, contracted somewhat towards the mouth, 5-nerved ; three of the nerves passing into each of the blunt teeth of the limb ; stamens reach- ing the base of the teeth. Anthers sagittate, dehiscing along the sides. Stigmas sessile, revolute. Ovarium attenuated at both ends. Tufted Gentian. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1829. PI. 1 to 2 in. 6 G. GRAMINEA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 169.) procumbent; branches ascending, subfastigiate, 1 or 3-flowered ; leaves linear, acute, nerveless, remote ; corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ; throat almost beardless. If. . F. Native of Peru, near Micuipampa, in cold rocky places, at the altitude of 1820 hexa- pods. Stems branched, compressedly quadrangular. Leaves small at the base. Corolla white and violaceous, ex Bonpl. ; with obovate-oblong obtuse segments. Lobes of stigma ob- tuse, spreading. Ovarium linear, compressed. Capsule oblong- linear. Grassy Gentian. PI. ^ foot. 7 G. CERASTIOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. t. 222. } procum- bent ; branches ascending, few-flowered ; leaves linear, obtuse, obsoletely 3-nerved : lower ones approximate; corolla campa- nulately funnel-shaped, 5-parted ; throat bearded. }/ . F. Native of the Andes, in the province of Pasto, between Chilan- guer and Guachucal, at the altitude of 1600 hexapods. Habit of a species of Cerdstium. Branches slightly tetragonal. Leaves sessile, subconnate. Calycine segments lanceolate-linear, acute. Corolla white? or violaceous; with obovate-oblong, obtuse segments. Ovarium linear. Chickneed-like Gentian. PI. 5 to ^ foot. 8 G. CE'RNUA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 170.) stem erect, nearly simple, 1 -3-flowered ; leaves oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, GENTIANE.E. VII. GESTIAXA. 181 acutish, obsoletely 3-nerved : lower ones approximate ; flowers drooping ; corolla campanulate ; throat a little bearded. TJ. . F. Native of South America, on the declivities of mount Chimbo- razo. G.cistiflora Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 184. Stems a little compressed. Leaves sessile, subconnate. Flowers size of those of Pnemondnthe vulgarh, dark purple, painted with yellow veins. Ovarium linear. Capsule oblong-linear. Dn o/jing-flowered Gentian. PI. ^ to \ foot. 9 G. DIASTHOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. t. 223.) stems erect, simple, 4-6 -flowered; leaves linear, acute, 1-nerved: lower ones approximate ; flowers opposite ; corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ; throat beardless. If. . F. Native of the Andes of Peru, between the mine of Micuipampa and the city of Caxamarca, at the altitude of 1800 hexapods. Stem a little compressed, purplish. Leaves sessile, connate at the base. Flowers about the size of those of Campanula patula, drooping, ex Bonpl. ; rose-coloured. Calycine segments lan- ceolate, acute ; segments of corolla roundish, obovate, obtuse. Ovarium linear. Pink-like Gentian. PI. 1 foot. 10 G. FOLIOSA (H. B. et Kuntb, 1. c. p. 170.) stems simple, leafy ; leaves lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved ; flowers • terminal, corymbose; corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ; throat beardless. 1J..F. Native of Peru, in frigid places. G. coarctata Willd. rel. ex Rcem. et Shultes, syst. 6. p. 184. Stems tetragonal. Leaves sessile, sheathing at the base. Flowers white, size of those of Pneumonanthe tulgarit. Calycine segments ovate-lanceolate, acute. Segments of corolla obovate-oblong, obtuse. Ovarium linear, compressed. Lobes of stigma obtuse, spreading. Leafy Gentian. PL •£ to | foot. 11 G. CORYMBOSA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 171. t. 224.) stem erect, simple; leaves linear-spatulate, obtuse, almost vein- less ; corymbs terminal, a little branched; corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, 5-parted ; throat beardless, y.. F. Native near Santa Fe de Bogota, on the mountains. Root perpendicular, branched. Stems slightly tetragonal. Leaves subconnate at the base. Flowers size of those of Campanula pdiula, viola- ceous. Calycine segments lanceolate, acute ; segments of corolla oblong, obtuse, narrowed at the base. Ovarium ovate- conical, compressed, stipitate. Corymbose-fiowered Gentian. PI. -J foot. 12 G. LINIFLOBA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 171.) stem erect, branched ; leaves lanceolate-linear, acute, 3-nerved, remote ; flowers terminal, corymbose, or umbellate ; corollas rotately funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ; filaments bearded at the base. I/ . F. Native of Peru, on the mountains near Ayavaca, at the alti- tude of 1400 hexapods. Root perpendicular. Stems slightly tetragonal. Flowers size of those of Etirytlialia campestrit, of a violet colour. Calycine segments lanceolate, acute. Segments of corolla oblong, obtuse. Ovarium linear, compressed. Cap- sule linear-oblong. F/ajc-jivnered Gentian. PI. -j to | foot. 13 G. DIFFC'SA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 172.) stems diffuse, nearly simple ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, 3-nerved, remote ; flowers somewhat racemose ; corolla rotately funnel-shaped, 5-cleft ; throat bearded. % . F. Native of Quito, in the fis- sures of rocks, near the town of Antisana. Stems numerous, erect, or procumbent. Leaves sessile, membranous. Flowers blue. s;ze of those of Eurythalia campestris. Calycine seg- ments lanceolate, acute. Segments of corolla ovate-oblong, acute. Lobes of stigma obtuse. Ovarium linear, compressed, sessile, as in most of the species. Diffuse Gentian. PI. \ to 1 foot. 14 G. HYSSOPUOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) stem erect, branched at top ; leaves linear, acute, 3-nerved, remote ; flowers panicled ; corolla rotately funnel-shaped, 5 -cleft ; throat beard- less. I/. F. Native of the Andes of Quito, in cold places between Nabon and the valley of Saraguru, at the altitude of 1200 hexapods. Stem terete. Branches paniculately disposed. Leaves subconnate at the base. Corolla violaceous ; with ob- long obtuse segments. Calycine segments lanceolate, acute. Lobes of stigma roundish, spreading. Ovarium linear, sessile. Capsule linear-oblong, compressed. Hy-.sop-lta.ced Gentian. PI. 1-y foot. 15 G. ? MAGELLA'.MCA (Gaud, in Freyc. voy. pt. bot. p. 449.) stems erect, branched ; branches tetragonal ; angles mem- branous ; leaves spatulate-lanceolate, acutish, 3-nerved ; flowers terminal, solitary, or by threes ; calyx 4-cleft, equal in length to the corolla : with lanceolate segments. Tf. . F. Native of the Falkland Islands. Magellan Gentian. PI. tufted. 16 G. RIMA (D. Don, mss.) stems numerous, ascending, leafy; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, 5-nerved ; radical ones crowded, petio- late ; calycine segments ligulate, oblong, obtuse ; corolla sub- rotate, twice longer than the calyx : segments obtuse. Tf. . F. Native of Peru, where it is called Rima-Rima. Root brown, fusiform. Pedicels terete. Corolla yellow. Stigma sessile. Rima Gentian. PI. -i foot. 17 G. PEDCNCULA BIS (D. Don, mss.) stems erect, filiform, few-leaved ; radical leaves lanceolate-acute, petiolate, 3-nerved ; flowers umbellate ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute ; corolla rotate, twice longer than the calyx : segments obtuse. Tj.. F. Native of Peru. Gentiana lutea, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb. Root fusiform, brown. Pedicels bractless. Corolla yellow. Stigma sessile. Peduncular Gentian. PI. -| foot. 18 G. MOSTA'XA (Forsk. prod. fl. austr. no. 133.) cauline leaves remote, sessile, elliptic or ovate, about 2 pairs : lower ones approximate, attenuated at the base ; flowers peduncu- late, subcorymbose, or solitary ; corolla 5-cleft, campanulately funnel-shaped. I/ . F. Native of Van Diemen's Land, and New Zealand. The New Zealand plant hardly differs from that of Van Diemen's Land, unless in the cauline leaves being broader and ovate. The stems are probably tetragonal. Mountain Gentian. PI. 4 to 1 foot. 19 G. SAXOSA (Forst. in act. holm. 1777. p. 184. t. 5. prod, fl. austr. no. 132. Lin. suppl. 1. p 175.) stems terete, simple; leaves fleshy, spatulate, coriaceous, nerveless ; radical ones crowded ; flowers terminal, subumbellate, pedicellate ; pedun- cles angular, 1-flowered, axillary, and terminal ; calycine seg- ments linear-spatulate ; corolla campanulate, 5-cleft ; with a naked throat: and oval, obtuse, concave segments, y.. F. Native of New Zealand, on rocks by the sea shore. Froel. gent. p. 23. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1237. Root fibrous. Calyx angular. Corolla white. Stigma sessile, 2-lobed ; lobes orbi- cular, reflexed. Capsule oblong, subcylindrical. Rocky Gentian. PI. J to f foot. 20 G. MACROPHY'LLA (Pall. fl. ros. 2. p. 108. t. 96.) stems nearly terete, almost naked in the middle ; radical leaves, lanceo- late, 5-nerved, length of stems ; flowers terminal, verticillately aggregate, involucrated by usually 4 floral leaves ; calyx 4-5- toothed ; corolla tubularly campanulate, 4-5-cleft ; with short, acutish segments ; lobes of stigma flat, at length revolute. If. . H. Native of Siberia, in elevated meadows frequent. Froel. gent, p. 31. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1335. Sims, bot. mag. 1414. Hip- pion macrophyllum, Schmidt. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 104. t. 52. Calyx usually cleft on one side. This plant has much the habit of Ericala cruciata, from which it differs in the flowers being small, pale blue, and without any accessory segments to the corolla. Loag-leated Gentian. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. PI. | to 1 foot. 182 GENTIANE^E. VII. GENTIANA. SECT. II. Annual plants. Corolla campanulate ; throat naked. Style short ; stigma 2-lobed. 21 G. AU'REA (Lin. spec. 331.) stem erect, branched ; branches tetragonal ; lower leaves spatulate-oblong : upper ones ovate, acutish, all obsoletely 5 nerved ; flowers axillary and terminal, on long angular pedicels ; corollas campanulately funnel- shaped, 5-cleft : segments acuminated: throat naked. Q. H. Native of the alps of Lapland, Norway, on islands near the sea. Frcol. gent. p. 54. no. 20. Lin. fl. lapp. ed. 2. p. 65. Gmel. syst. 1. p. 461. no. 23. Gentiana involucr&ta, Rottb. in act. hafn. 10. p. 434. t. 1. f. 2. A. B. Wahl. lapp. p. 67. Gen- tiana quinquefolia, Oed. fl. dan. t. 344. Hippion aureum, Schmidt, in Rcetn. arch. 1. p. 10. no. 10. — Barrel, icon. 3. t 104. f. 1. Radical leaves dense. Calycine segments ovate, mucronate, Wahl.; subulate, Lin. Flowers collected into heads of few flowers, involucrated. Corolla white, ex Wahl. ; yellow in the dried state, ex Lin. ; purple ex Old. ; tube length of calyx. Capsule longer than the calyx. Golden-Rowered Gentian. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. i to |ft. 22 G. QUINQUEFLORA (Lin. spec. 333. exclusive of the syno- nymes. Lam. diet. 2. p. 643.) stem tetragonal, branched ; leaves stem-clasping, oval, acute, 3-nerved ; flowers terminal and lateral, 3-5 together, on short pedicels ; corolla tubularly cam- panulate, 5-cleft : throat naked : segments lanceolate, acuminated, with simple plicae ; calycine segments very short, narrow. $ . H. Native from New York to Kentucky, on hills in shady dry places. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1339. Froel. gent. p. 51. Gen- ti&na amarelloides, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 175. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 186. Gentiana amarelloides Kentuckensis, Pers. syn. 1. p. 286. Gentiana quinquefolia, Lin. spec. 1. p. 333. exclusive of the synonymes. Hippion quinquefolium, Schmidt, in Rcem. arch. 1. p. 11. Flowers small, pale blue, not yellow, as represented by Michaux. Angles of stem mem- branous. Five -flowered Gentian. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. J to 1 ft. 23 G. ALEU'TICA (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea. 1. p. 175.) stem tetragonal, obsoletely winged, simple or branched at the base; leaves obscurely 3-nerved: radical ones few, lanceplate- spatulate : cauline and floral ones ovate, stem-clasping ; flowers on short pedicels, and as if they were involucrated by the floral leaves; corolla salver-shaped, 4-cleft ; with a naked throat and lanceolate segments, which are denticulated at the edges : calyx divided, even to the middle, nearly equal : with ovate-lanceolate, acute segments. ©. H, Native of the island of Unalaschka, in grassy places. Gentiana Unalaschensis, Ledeb. mss. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 856. Plant quite glabrous. Flowers rather small, pale violet. Calycine segments cartilaginously serrulated. Aleutian Gentian. PI. £ to ^ foot. 24 G. RURIKIA'NA (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea. 1. p. 176.) stem tetragonal, obsoletely winged, branched from the base ; radical and lower cauline leaves lanceolate, acutish, obscurely 3-nerved, sometimes spatulate ; flowers on long peduncles; corolla salver-shaped, 4-cleft, with a naked throat, more than twice longer than the calyx : having lanceolate, setaceously acuminated segments ; calyx divided even to the base ; seg- ments unequal : 2 of which are very large. G . H. Native of Behring's Straits, on the shore. Gent, gracilis, Cham, in litt. Canline leaves linear-lanceolate. Branches or peduncles many- flowered. Very like Gent, aurea. Runlet's Gentian. PI. i to | foot. 25 G. UMBELLA'TA (Bieb. suppl. p. 188.) stem tetragonal, branched; leaves ovate-oblong, bluntish, 3-5-nerved; radical ones spatulate ; peduncles terminal, umbellate, involucrated by the 4 superior leaves ; flowers pedicellate ; calycine segments linear-lanceolate, unequal ; corolla subcampanulate, 5-cleft : with ovate-lanceolate, mucronate segments. 0. H. Native of Cau- casus and Siberia, in humid places, near rivers. Gentiana aurea, Steven, in mem. soc. mosc. 3. p. 257. Flowers small, pale blue. Umbellale-fiovrereA Gentian. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl.ift. 26 G. pRoriNQUA (Richards in Frankl. Journ. ed. 2d. Appen. p. 9,) radical leaves linear, obovate, cauline ones lanceolate, corollas 5-cleft, tubularly campanulate : segments subserrated at top : tliroat naked. 0. H. Native of North America. Habit of Euryth&lia pratensis. Allied Gentian. PI. | foot. § 3. Corollas tubular, ^-5-cleft, with a naked throat. Stigma sessile. Annual plants, natives of Nipaul. 27 G. CANALICULA'TA (Royle, mss.) stem erect, branched, bicanaliculate ; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, somewhat 5-nerved ; calyx 4-5-parted : with obovate, acuminated, mem- branous segments ; corolla tubular, 4-5 -cleft ; throat naked: lobes ovate, acutish. ©. H. Native of Nipaul. Root sub- fusiform, fibrous. Leaves distinct, not connate at the base. Flowers racemosely panicled, blue ; pedicels bisulcate. Calyx ample. Stamens 4-5, inserted in the sinuses of the corolla ; filaments very short, subulate. Anthers oblong. Capsule ob- long, compressed, bipartite at apex. Seeds spadiceous, convex on one side and engraven on the other. Channelled-stemmed Gentian. I'l. \ to 1 foot. 28 G. PEDUNCULA'TA (Royle, mss.) stem erect, bicanaliculate, branched from the base ; leaves sessile, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, membranous; peduncles elongated, filiform, 1-flowered; caly- cine segments lanceolate, acute, unequal ; corolla tubular : throat naked : lobes oval, obtuse. ©. H. Native of Nipaul. Root fibrous. Leaves distinct at the base, not connate. Calyx 5-parted ; segments foliaceous, unequal. Throat of corolla ciliately bearded inside. Stamens inserted in the tube. Fila- ments channelled. Anthers and ovarium oblong. Stigmas short, obtuse, minutely papillose. Capsule subcylindrical, bifid at apex. Seeds small, roundish, with excavated dots. Peduncled-fiowertA Gentian. PI. ^ to i foot. 29 G. MOORCROFTIA'NA (Wall. cat. no. *4390.) annual, much branched ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse ; flowers large, panicled ; calyx campanulate : with a short tube and long, linear segments ; corolla large, funnel-shaped, with elliptic, obtuse segments, and a naked throat. 0. H. Native from Sirinagur to Luddak. Pedicels long, 1-flowered. Flowers large, showy. Moorcrofts Gentian. PI. \ foot. § 4. Anomala. An anomalous species. 30 G. PINIFOLIA (Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb.) stem solitary, simple, erect, densely leafy ; leaves very narrow-linear, mucro- nulate, much crowded; raceme terminal, erect, thyrsoid ; co- rolla tubular, longer than the calyx, with a glabrous throat, and ovate, acute segments. I/ . F. Native of Peru, on the Cordil- leras of the Andes. Root thick, fusiform. Leaves an inch long. Racemes 2-3 inches long, many-flowered. Flowers fascicled, verticillate. Bracteas lanceolate, membranous. Calyx campanulate ; with lanceolate, acute segments. Ovarium fusi- form, stipitate. Style rather long ; lobes of stigma roundish ; mucronate revolute. Seeds globose, smooth. Habit of a species of Eudoxia. Pine-leaved Gentian. PI. -| foot. •f- Species hardly known, many of nhich are probably syno- nymous with those described above. GENTIANE.E. VII. GEXTIANA. VIII. CBNTADRELLA. 31 G. COXGE'STA (Willd. herb. ex. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 184.) leaves linear-spatulate ; flowers umbellate, crowded. 2/ . F. Native of South America. Humb. et Bonpl. CVojrrfed-flowered Gentian. PI. T 32 G LINIFOLIA (Willd. 1. c.) corollas campanulate, 5-parted solitary, terminal ; leaves narrow-linear, acute ; sterns branched at the base, ascending. I/ . F. Native of South America. Humb. et Bonpl. Flax-leaved Gentian. PI. ? SS G. COXXA'TA (Willd. 1. c.) corollas campanulate, 5-cleft; calycine teeth ovate-filiform ; leaves oblong, connate ; stem a little branched, erect. }/ . F. Native of South America, Humb. et Bonpl. Con»ate-leaved Gentian. PI. ? 34- G. cHELosoiDES (Willd. 1. c.) corollas campanulate, 5- cleft ; leaves linear-lanceolate, spreading ; stem simple, erect. y. . F. Native of South America, Humb. et Bonpl. Chelone-like Gentian. PI. ? 35 G. STRI'CTA (Willd. 1. c.) corollas campanulate, 5-cleft ; leaves oblong ; peduncles opposite, l-flowered ; stems simple, erect, y. . F. Native of South America, Humb. et Bonpl. Straight Gentian. PI. ? 36 G. RAPcxccLoiDEs (Willd. 1. c.) corollas campanulate, 5- cleft ; leaves oblong- lanceolate ; flowers opposite : stem simple, ascending. I/. F. Native of South America, Humb. et Bonpl. Peduncles an inch long, umbellate. Rampion-like Gentian. PI. -^ foot. 37 G. FLORIBU'XDA (Willd. 1. c.) corollas campanulate, 5- cleft ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntish ; peduncles 1-flowered: lower ones opposite : superior ones subverticillate ; stem simple. 11 . F. Native of South America, Humb. et Bonpl. Bundle-flowered Gentian. PI. ? 38 G. PEDUXCULA'RIS (Willd. 1. c.) corollas campanulate, 5- cleft ; radical leaves spatulate : cauline ones lanceolate ; pe- duncles elongated, 1-flowered, solitary, terminal ; stem ascend- ing at the base. 2f . H. Native of South America, Humb. et Bonpl. /WuncM/ar-flowered Gentian. PI. ? 39 G. CHIMBORACE'SSIS (Willd. 1. c.) corollas funnel-shaped, 10-cleft; leaves linear-lanceolate, spreading; flowers terminal, solitary, sessile ; stem erect, branched a little. % . F. Native of South America, on mount Chimborazo, Humb. et Bonpl. A species of Ericala. Chimborazo Gentian. PI. dwarf. •j- f The following plants hare been described as species of Gentiana by various authors , but none of them are legitimate species of that genus. 40 G. ? DC'BIA (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 48. fl. cap. 2. p. 174.) fructiferous stem terete, leafless, or the leaves fall off early, they are therefore unknown ; panicles terminal, trichotomous, supra- decompound ; corolla 4-cleft. — Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stem simple, erect. Calyx 4-parted; with small, acute segments. Corolla 4-parted, purple ; segments acute. Cap- sule oblong, ending in 4 points. Styles 2, divisible. Doubtful Gentian. PI. | foot. 41 G. ? NioRicAus (Lam. diet. 2. p. 645.) a small plant, with very narrow linear leaves, and slender branched stems ; flowers terminal, cymose ; corolla funnel-shaped, 4~cleft ; limb rather downy. — Native country unknown — Ray. hist. 3. append. 253. no. 5 1 . Plant becoming black on drying. Stem dichotomously branched at top. Leaves capillary : lower ones nearly an inch long. Flowers small, purplish or blue, numerous. Perhaps a species of Houslunia. Blackish Gentian. PI. | foot. 42 G. ? CALTciXA (Lam. diet. 2. p. 639.) stem articulated, di- chotomously panicled, and rather angular at top ; leaves ovate- oblong: lower ones obtuse: the rest acute; flowers solitary, terminal, on long peduncles ; corolla deeply 5-6-cleft, hardly exceeding the calyx, which is large and 5-6-parted. — Native of Louisiana, ex herb. Juss. Flowers yellowish. Calycine seg- ments linear, acute, rather unequal. Corolla rotate, with oblong obtuse segments. Stamens free. Stigmas oblong, large ; style short. Capsule size of a pea, 2-valved, 1-celled. Large-calyxed Gentian. PI. 43 G. ? MITZNOFA'NA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 18C.) stem erect, terete, simple ; leaves sessile, cordate-ovate, acute, 7 -nerved : floral ones the narrowest ; flowers terminal, twin, erect ; calycine segments acute, length of the tube of the corolla. — Native of Japan, in boggy places. Planta Japanensis, Mitz- nofana, i. e. flos aquaticus, Clever, in misc. nat. cur. dec. 2. ann. 8. p. 489. f. 51. 2 icones. * Frcel. gent. p. 119. Habit altogether different from Gentiana. Root fibry. Corolla with a grey tube, blue limb, and obtuse segments. Mitznofana Gentian. PI. ^ foot. 44 G. ? SCILLOIDES (Lin. suppl. 1. p. 175.) stem 1-flowered, prostrate ; leaves obovate, obtuse, 3-nerved ; corolla funnel- shaped, 5-cleft; bracteas twin. — Native of the Azores, Masson, Hfppion scilloides, Schmidt. Leaves on short petioles : the upper ones more remote. Peduncles long, naked, terminal, 1- flowered. Bracteas opposite, subulate, erect, beneath the flowers. Calycine segments linear. Tube of corolla funnel-shaped, longer than the calyx ; limb 5-cleft, flat, beardless, yellow. This plant does not probably belong to the genus, from the form of the calyx and corolla; but nothing is said of the style by Linnaeus. Perhaps a genus of Campanulaceae. Scillu-like Gentian. PI. 1 foot, prostrate. t 1 1 If hat are the following species ? 1 Gentiana major Mariana, angustiori folio Gentiariella? vernae, floribus cosruleis plurimis in summitate congestis. Pluk. mant. 89. Perhaps Gentiana cruciata. 2 Gentiana angustifolia Americana, flore ex ochro cyaneo mixto in fastigio caulis unico. Plukn. mant. 89. Ray. suppl. p. 370. no. 4. 3 Gentiana orientalis, amplissimo et acutissimo asclepiadis folio. Tourn. cor. 2. Said by Cham, in Linnaea. 1. p. 175. to be the same as Gentiana septemflda. 4 Gentiana orientalis, foliis venosis, flore magno candidissimo, Tourn. cor. 2. var. flore exalbo-virescente. Tourn. 1. c. Said by Cham, in Linnaea. 1. p. 174. to be the same as Gentiana gelida. 5 Gentiana orientalis, minor autumnalis myrtifolia flore mag- no coeruleo, Tourn. cor. 2. Said by Cham, in Linnaea. 1. p. 175. to be Gentiana septemfida. 6 Gentiana rivularis and Gentiana pallens, Thunb. mus. nat. acad. ups. 11. p. 180. are probably a species of Sebt&a. Cult. The South American and New Zealand species of Gentian should be grown in pots, well drained with sherds, in a mixture of peat and sand, and placed among other alpine plants. They will require protection in winter. The seeds of annual kinds may be sown in pots, in the same kind of soil, or even in the open border. Gentiana macrophyUa, the only hardy perennial, is well fitted for a border flower, but grows best in a peat soil. All the perennial species are either to be increased by dividing at the root, or by seed. VIII. CENTAURE'LLA (a dim. of Centaurium, so called from the affinity of the genera). Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 184 GENTIANE^E. VIII. CENTAURELLA. IX. ASTERIAS. X. COILANTHA. 97. 1. 12. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 94. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 172. — Andrewsia, Spreng. gen. 1. p. 85. — Bartonia species, Muhl. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx 4-parted, adpressed. Corolla urceolately campanulate, 4 -cleft ; segments ovate or oblong, erect or spreading. Stamens 4, inclosed ; inserted beneath the recesses of the limb of the corolla. Anthers erect, subcordate, bluntish; filaments, subulate, flattened. Stigma thick, glandular, bluntly bifid. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, involu- crated by the permanent calyx and corolla. Seeds minute, glo- bular, attached to the edges of the valves. — Annual, glabrous, simple, or branched small plants. Leaves opposite, decussate. 1 C. VERNA'LIS (Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 98. t. 12. f. 2.) stem simple ; peduncles scattered, corymbosely elongated ; segments of corolla oblong, acute, twice longer than the calyx ; style longer than the ovarium. 0. H. Native from Virginia to Georgia, in mossy swamps. Andrewsia verna, Spreng. syst. ) . p. 428. Flowers white, larger than the other species. Var. ft, uniflora (Pursh, 1. c. p. 100.) small ; stem 1 -flowered. This may prove to be a distinct species. Spring Centaurella. Fl. May, July. PI. •£ foot. 2 C. .ESTIVA'LIS (Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 100.) stem simple ; peduncles opposite, simple ; segments of corolla spa- tulate, abruptly acute, 3 times longer than the calyx ; style length of ovarium. 0. H. Native from Carolina to Georgia, in mossy swamps. Flowers smaller than the preceding ; the calyx short. Summer Centaurella. Fl. June, Aug. PI. \ to \ foot. 3 C. AUTUMNA'LIS (Pursh, 1. c.) stem a little branched ; pe- duncles opposite ; lower ones branched ; segments of corolla oval, acute, hardly longer than the calyx ; style very short. ©. H. Native from New England to Carolina, in mossy swamps, in inundated, grassy places. C. paniculata, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 98. t. 12. f. 1. Bartonia tenella, Muhl. in litt. Sagina Virginica, Willd. spec. 1. p. 719. Andrewsia autumna- lis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 428. Flowers small, greenish white. /lulumnal Centaurella. Fl. July, Sept. PI. J to 1 foot. Cult. For culture and propagation see Eurythalia, p. 188. IX. ASTE'RIAS(from aarjjp, aster, a star; shape of flowers.) Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 14. Gentiana lutea, Lin. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx spathaceous, sca- rious, diaphanous, 3-4-cleft ; segments short, lanceolate, un- equal. Corolla with a short tube, and a 5-cleft limb, furnished with a green gland at the base of each segment ; segments oblong, acute, veiny, shorter than the calyx. Stamens 5-6; anthers subulate, combined at first, but at length distinct. Stigmas oblong, flat, revolute. Capsule ovate ; 4 sided, acuminated. Seeds roundish, compressed, with membranous edges, disposed in 3 series along the margins of the valves. — Showy plants, with the habit of Veratrum. Leaves broad, 5-nerved ; cauline ones sessile : floral ones subcordate, stem-clasping, concave, all pale green, but glaucous beneath. Flowers apparently verticillate, pedicellate, seated on common thick peduncles. Bracteas 2-4, to each whorl of flowers, 3-nerved and equal in length to them. I A. LU'TEA (Borkh. in Rcem. arch. 1. p. 25.) corollas ro- tate, 5-6-cleft ; flowers verticillate, subcymose ; leaves broad, ovate; calyx spathaceous. If.. H. Native of the alps of middle Europe, from the Pyrenees to Savoy. Gentiana lutea, Lin. spec. 3<>7. Vill. delph. 2. p. 521. Mill. icon. t. 139. Plenck. off. t. 156. Woodv. med. bot. 3. p. 4-33. t. 156. Church. et Stev. med. bot. vol. 4, with a figure. Swertia lutea, Vest, in Tratt. tab. t. 518. Radical leaves ovate-oblong: cauline ones sessile, ovate, acute. Corolla yellow, veiny, and spotted. The roots of Gentian are long, thick, externally of a brown colour, and wrinkled ; internally spongy, and of a yellow colour, with- out any remarkable smell, but surpassing in bitterness all other European vegetables. Alcohol dissolves only the bitter extractive, water both the extractive and mucilage. Its bitter- ness depends upon a new principle discovered by Henri and Caventou, called gentianin, and is easily obtained in a crystalline form by means of ether, in which it is very soluble. It likewise dissolves in alcohol, and more sparingly in water. It appears to be neither alkaline nor acid. Gentian possesses the general virtues of bitters in an eminent degree, and it is totally devoid of astringency. On dead animal matter it acts as an antiseptic. Taken into the stomach it proves a powerful tonic, and in large doses it evacuates the intestines. It is useful in weakness of the stomach, and in general debility. Externally its powder is applied to putrid ulcers. Narcotic effects have sometimes been ascribed to it, but these are owing to the roots of Aconite or Belladonna gathered along with it. Var. ft, major; flowers smaller, paler; corolla 5-9-parted almost to the base, spotless. }/ . H . Native of subalpine places. Far. y, uniflbra (D. C. fl. fr.no. 2761.) Stem 1 flower. Yellow Asterias or Gentian-root. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1596. PI. 4 to 6 feet. 2 A. HY'BRIDA ; leaves ovate-lanceolate; corollas 5-8-cleft, rotate; whorls of flowers sessile ; calyx membranous, unilateral, unequally 6-cleft. 1i . H. Native of the alps of Vallais. Gentiana hybrida, B.C. syn. fl. gall. p. 244. no. 2762. fl. fr. 2. p. 651. no. 2762. G. Thomasii, Vill. mem. pi. hybr. in Rcem. coll. p. 189. G. campanulata, Reyn. mem. 219. Flowers reddish yellow. Supposed to be a hybrid between A. lutea and Coildntha purpurea. Hybrid Asterias. PI. 3 to 4 feet. Cult. This genus is composed of robust plants, with the habit of Veratrum, proper for flower borders. A deep light rich soil suits them best, as it allows the roots to ascend. They are increased either by seed, or by dividing the root. X. COILA'NTHA (from icoiXoe, Icoilos, concave, and anthos, a flower ; in reference to the shape of corollas.) Renealm. spec. 65. Borkh. in Rcem. arch. 1. p. 24. — Gentiana species, Lin. and others. Dasystephana, Borkh. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx spathaceous, truncate, scarious, diaphanous, cleft inside, with 6-7 unequal lobes or teeth at apex. Corolla large, coriaceous, campanulate, 5-7-cleft ; segments broad at the base, obtuse, remote. Stamens 5-7 ; an- thers oblong, combined. Ovarium oblong, pedicellate. Stigma bifid, downy, divaricate. Capsule fusiform, with 5-7 tubercles at the base, 1-celled. Seeds many, orbicular, with winged edges. — Showy plants, with obsoletely tetragonal stems ; opposite, ovate, 5-nerved, apiculated leaves, which are sheathing at the base. Flowers large, on short pedicels : terminal ones disposed in a whorl, and the axillary ones solitary. Bracteas opposite, shorter than the flowers. 1 C. PURPD'REA (Borkh. in Rcem. arch. 1. p. 25.) radical leaves ovate, 5-nerved: cauline ones ovate-lanceolate: upper ones broad-lanceolate, combined and sheathing at the base ; corolla 5-6-cleft ; stamens 5-6 ; calyx membranous, spathaceous. I/ . H. Native of the alps of Norway, Switzerland, Savoy, Pyrenees, &c. Gentiana purpurea, Lin. spec. p. 637. Willd. spec. 1331. ex- clusive of the synonyme of Villars. Woodv. med. bot. 4. p. 132. t. 262. Oecl. fl. dan. t. 50. Plenck. off. t. 159. Andr. bot. rep. 1. 117. Frcel.gent. p. 18.no. 2. Pneumonanthe purpurea, Schmidt, no. 1. Gentiana punicea, Gesner. Schmidel. op- gesn. 2. p. 52. no. 92. a. t. 28. f. 92. A. a. Root yellow outside and white inside, scaly at top, very bitter. Stem purplish green. Bracteas ovate GENTIANE.E. X. COILANTHA. 185 lanceolate. Flowers from 3-8 together, terminal ; and the axil- lary ones usually solitary. Calyx spathaceous, with 2-3 unequal teeth at the apex. Corolla coriaceous, purplish, marked with dots in lines inside ; tube striated, with greenish yellow ; limb 6-cleft : segments sub-ovate, obtuse. Capsule fusiform. } ar. 13; corollas rose-coloured. J 'ar. y ; corollas without dots. / ar. c ; corollas white. Purple Coilantha. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1768. PI. 1 to 2 ft. 2 C. PAXNOSICA ; radical leaves ovate, apiculated ; having the petioles sheathing at the base : cauline ones ovate, lanceo- late : floral ones acuminated: all 5-nerved; calyx 6-7-cleft; corolla 6-7-cleft; stamens 6-7. I/. H. Native of the alps of middle Europe, and Savoy, but not of the Pyrenees. Gentiana Pannonica, Scop. earn. 2. no. 29. Lin. spec. 1. p. 63. exclusive of the synonymes. Lin. syst. ed. Mur. p. 265. Jacq. fl. austr. 2. t. 136. Tratt. fl. aust. fasc. 1. t. 9. Schrank, bav. 1. no. 424. exclusive of the syn. of Lin. Frosl. gen. no. 21. Gentiana punctata, Jacq. obs. 2. p. 17. t. 39. Pneumo- nanthe Pannonica, Schmidt, boh. 2. no. 1 12. — Barrel, icon. t. 64. Stems purplish. Flowers verticillate, axillary, and terminal. Corolla rather membranous, purple, beset with dots ; with a yellowish tube ; segments ovate, obtuse. Capsule fusiform. Bracteas ovate, acuminated. Var. p ; stem humble ; whorls solitary, few-flowered. Var, y ; corolla white. far. c ; stems tall ; leaves long, acuminated. Pannonian Coilantha. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. 1 to 2 ft. 3 C. BJLOBA ; flowers verticillate ; corollas usually 6-cleft ; calyx membranous, 2-lobed ; lobes obtuse, entire, equal, 1£. H. Native of France, on mountains, in the province of Clarion. Gentiana biloba, D. C. syn. fl. gall. p. 244. no. 266. fl. fr. 2. p. 653. no. 2766. icon. fl. gall. t. 15. Gentiana punctata, Wahl. carp. 1. p. 12. Nearly allied to C. punctala in the colour and size of the corolla, but differing in the floral leaves being twice longer than the flowers. Perhaps only a variety of C. pur- pur ea. Tiro-lobed-ca]yx.ed Coilantha. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 4 C. PINCTA'TA (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 27.) leaves ovate, acutish, 5-nerved : lower ones petiolate : superior ones acuminated, all coadunate at the base ; flowers verticillate ; calyx rather truncate, with 6-7 unequal lobes; corolla campanulate, usually 6-8 -cleft, dotted. Tf.. H. Native of the alps of middle Europe, as on the alps of Switzerland and Savoy. Gentiana punctata, Lin. spec. 637. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1333. Tratt. fl. austr. fasc. 3. t. 9. Jacq. austr. 5. t. 28. Gent, purpurea, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 523. Hall. hist. 638. Pneumonanthe punc- tata, Schmidt, Roam, arch. 1. no. 4. — Gesn. in Schmidel, op. 2. p. 53. no. 92. b. t. 28. f. 92. b.— Mor. hist. t. 4. f. 2. Barrel, icon. 69. with a paler flower. Root brownish outside, white inside. Stem subtetragonal, green or purplish. Leaves pale green. Bracteas shorter than the flowers. Terminal flowers 5 in a head : axillary ones solitary. Calyx with blueish angles, and lanceolate, obtuse, short segments. Corollas large, yellow, or sulphur-coloured, blueish before expansion, dotted with nu- merous irregular purple spots ; limb 6-7-cleft. Stamens 6-7. Seeds imbricate, winged. Dotled-Qowered Coilantha. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1775. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 5 C. CAMPAKULA'TA ; leaves ovate, acutish, 5-nerved : lower ones usually 7-nerved ; superior ones sessile, sheathing, acu- minated ; flowers verticillate, terminal, and axillary ; calyx 6-7- cleft, with blueish angles and unequal triangular segments ; corolla campanulate, 7-cleft ; with obtuse, triangular, equal lobes, without dots. ^. H. Native of Carinthia, Switzerland, VOL. IV. &-c., on the alps ; and of the Pyrenees. Gentiana campanulata, Jacq. in Murr. syst. p. 267. austr. app. p. 43. t. 29. Tratt fl. austr. fasc. 4. p. 1. Gentiana campanu'ata immaculata, Pers. ench. 1. p. 284. Gent. Burseri, var. a. D. C. fl. gall. no. 2763. a. Pneumonanthe campanulata, Schmidt, 1. c. Root fusiform, divided a little. Leaves pale green. Bracteas about the length of the flowers. Corolla large, sulphur-coloured. Stamens 7. Stigmas flat, obtuse. Seeds orbicular. Cam/wmu/ate-flowered Coilantha. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. PL 1 foot. 6 C. SESS.E'I (D. Don, mss.) stem erect, simple, terete, pa- pillose ; leaves sesMle, ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved ; flowers axil- lary, solitary, bractless ; calyx spathaceous, 5-toothed ; corolla campanulate, 10-cleft ; the alternate segments bicuspidate. 1J. F. Native of Mexico. Gentiana caerulea, Moc. et Sesse, in herb. Lamb. Leaves scabrous, 3-5-nerved : lower ones ovate, obtuse : superior ones acuminated, deep green above. Calyx cleft on the inner side. Corolla blue ; lobes roundish, mucro- nate. Filaments flattened ; anthers oblong. Styles distinct. Stigmas revolute, papillose. Capsule pear-shaped. Seeds winged. Sesse s Coilantha. PI. £ to 1 foot. 7 C. MOCINKI (D. Don, mss.) stem erect, simple, terete ; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, 5-nerved ; flowers axillary, on short pedicels, usually solitary ; calyx spathaceous, 5-toothed, bibraeteate at the base ; corolla campanulate, 10-cleft ; the alternate segments bicuspidate. If.. F. Native of Mexico. Confused with G. ccervlea in Moc. et Sesse. in herb. Lamb. Leaves smooth, 2 inches long. Calyx cleft on the inner side. Bracteas linear-lanceolate, acute, much longer than the calyx, connate at the base. Corolla campanulately funnel-shaped. Filaments dilated at the base. Ovarium somewhat fusiform ; stigmas linear, obtuse, minutely papillose. Mocinno's Coilantha. PI. 1 foot. 8 C. BURSE'RI ; corollas usually 5-cleft, campanulate, dotted ; segments lanceolate, with a small accessory tooth between each ; calyx membranous, spathaceous. If. . H. Native of the eastern and central Pyrenees, often with vars, /3 and f. Gentiana Bur- seri, Lapey. fl. pyr. p. 130. abr. p. 132. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. no. 2763. Said to be very nearly allied to C. punctata, but the corolla is always pale yellow, never purple. It has the leaves of C. lutea, and the flowers of C. punctata or C. purpurea, and is probably a hybrid. Villars says, dauph. 2. p. 522. that the flowers are campanulate, verticillate, 6-cleft, acute, serrulated, dotted ; and the calyx spathaceous. Var. a; corollas dotted, bluntish. I/. H. Native of the Pyrenees. Gentiana Burseri /3, Lapeyr. 1. c. Var. /3 ; corollas dotted, acutish. If. . H. Native of Dau- phiny, Pyrenees, &c. Gentiana Burseri y, D. C. 1. c. Gent, punctata, Vill. dauph. p. 520. Gent, hybrida, Vill. mem. pi. hybr. Roam. coll. 1. p. 189. Gent, punctata, var. lutea, Tratt. fl. austr. fasc. 3. t. 10. ? Var. y, gigantea (Lapeyr. abr. p. 8. pyr. suppl. p. 41.). If. H. Native of the Pyrenees. Burter't Coilantha. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. 2 feet. 9 C. GLAD'CA (Borkh. in Roam. arch. 1. p. 26.) stems terete ; leaves ovate-roundish, hardly nerved : rather fleshy : cauline ones 3-4 pairs, sessile; flowers 1-3, terminal, sessile; calycine segments unequal, blueish, subulate ; corolla campanulate, 5- cleft, with short, obtuse segments, 3 times longer than the calyx. If.. H. Native of Kamtschatka, on the tops of the alps, in humid places facing the north. Gentiana glauca, Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 104. t. 93. f. 2. Froel. gent- p. 56. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1340. Pneumonanthe glauca, Schmidt, in Roam. arch. 1. p. 10. no. 14. Stems simple. Radical leaves rosulate. Calyx campanulate. Corolla subventricose, blueish, but the tube pale. BE 186 GENTIANEjE. X. COILANTHA. XI. EURYTHALIA. Anthers white. Capsule fusiform. Perhaps a species of Pneu- mondnthe. Glaucous Coilantha. PI. 5 to -J foot. 10 C. ASCLEPIA'DEA ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3-5-nerved, stem-clasping, with repand edges ; terminal flowers crowded, axillary ones solitary, all nearly sessile ; corolla campanulate, 5-cleft ; segments ovate, acute ; calyx tubular, 5-toothed : teeth unequal, distant; anthers connivent. 1£. H. Native of Switzerland, Hungary, Syria, Austria, Carniola, Silesia, Piedmont, Barbary, Mount Caucasus, &c., in shady alpine places. Gentiana asclepiadea, Lin. spec. 329. Hall. helv. no. 640. Jacq. austr. t. 328. Sims, bot. mag. 1078. Froel. gent. p. 48. Dasystephana Renealm specim. 67. t. 68. Da- systephana asclepiadea, Borkh. in Rcem. arch. 1. p. 26. Mayer- hoff. fl. monac. t. 60. Gentiana Asclepiadis folio, Bauh. pin. 187. Ger. emac. 433. f. 3. Corollas large, blue, 3 times longer than the calyx. Seeds winged with broad white edges. Var. ft; leaves distinct. Tf. H. Native of Carniola and Bohemia, Froel. gent. p. 49. Scop. earn. 1. p. 298. Pneu- monanthe asclepiadea, Schmidt, boh. no. 113. no. 6. Schmidel, op. gesn. 1. t. 9. f. 80. 2. p. 40. t. 26. f. 82. Flowers sessile, solitary, secund. Leaves bifarious. Far. y; leaves 3 in a whorl. 1£. H. Frcel. gent. 49. Pont, comp. p. 76. Var. S; leaves lanceolate, long-acuminated, 3 inches long, a little smaller. I/ . H. Froel. 1. c. p. 49. Calyx subspatha- ceous, ex Froel. Var. t ; stem elongated, nutant ; peduncles elongated, a little branched. Tf.. H. Froel. I.e. Clus. hist. 1. p. 312. middle figure. Var. t\ ; corolla white. If. . H. Froel. 1. c. Wahl. helv. 1. c. Ponted. comp. p. 76. Far. $; stem 1-flowered. T^.H. Pneumonanthe plicata, Schmidt, in Rcem. arch. 1. p. 10. no. 613. t. 1. f. 1. Calyx ventricose, with 3 of the segments broader than the others. 4sclepias-like Coilantha. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1629. PI. 1 to li foot. Cult. For culture and propagation see dsterias, p. 184. XI. EURYTHA'LIA (meaning unknown to us). Renealm. spec. Borkh. in Rcem. arch. 1. p. 28. Mayerhoff, fl. mon. t. 278. — Gentiana species of authors. — Hippion species, Schmidt, in Rcem. arch. 1. p. 32. t. 4. f. 13. fl. bohem. no. 128. Gen- tiana, sect. Endotriche, Froel. gent. p. 87. Opsantba, Renealm. spec. 71. LIN. SYST. Telra-Penldndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-cleft. Corolla salver-shaped ; with a 4-5-cleft limb, having as many bearded or fringed segments inside and attached to them at the base. Stamens 4-5 ; filaments filiform ; anthers oblong, incum- bent. Stigma 2-lobed or bifid. Ovarium pedicellate. Capsule ovate or oblong, erect, 1- celled, 2-valved. Seeds smooth, round- ish, compressed. — Annual, branched or simple herbs. Leaves opposite, sessile, decussate. Flowers terminal, blue, white, or purple. This genus is readily distinguished from the rest by the beard inside the segments of the corolla at the throat. 1 E. UNIFLORA ; stem simple, slightly tetragonal, usually 1- flowered ; leaves ovate ; corolla 5-cleft : with ovate, acute seg- ments, and bearded plicae inside, equal in length to the calycine segments. (•)• H. Native of Savoy, Bavaria, and the Car- pathian mountains. Gentiana uniflora, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1346. G. amarella, var. t, Frcel. gent. p. 87. Hippion Gentianella, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. I . p. 23. t. 2. f, 4. Stem hardly higher than the corolla. Flowers larger than those of E. campestris, of a violet colour. One-Jlorvered Eurythalia. PI. 1 inch. 2 E. GERMA'NICA (Mayerhoff, fl. mon. t. 278.) stem obso- letely 6-angled, branched ; branches longer than the inter- nodes, 1 or many-flowered ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved ; corolla 5-cleft; segments of corolla ovate, acute; with bearded plicae inside at the base, about equal in length to the calycine segments. Q. H. Native of middle Europe, as of Germany, in mountain meadows. Gentiana Germanica, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1346. Schultes, fl. bav. no. 48. G. amarella, Froel. gen. p. 86. Schultes, fl. austr. ed. 2. no. 1016. Hall. helv. 651. and of all other botanists who have written on the German flora. G. amarella y, Wahl. carp. p. 76. exclusive of the syn. of Besser. G. amarella, var. «, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 92. Gent. amarella/;), Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 23. t. 3. f. 4. G. campestris, All. pedem. no. 354. D. C. fl. fr. no. 2776.— Barrel, icon, t. 102. Root yellow. Stem purplish. Radical leaves obovate, obtuse : cauline ones sessile, a little connate at the base, as in the rest of the species : uppermost and branch ones subcordate. Corolla purplish blue ; and the beard white. Var. ft; stem branched; leaves subcordate, acuminated. 0. H. Barrel, icon. t. 510. f. 2. G. amarella, var. S, Frcel. gent. p. 86. Far. y ; stem usually 1 -flowered, short ; flowers white ; co- rollas and calyxes with scabrous edges. O- H. Gentiana amarella ft, Wahl. fl. carp. p. 76. Far. S ; stem branched ; flowers white German Eurythalia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. | to j foot. 3 E. AMARE'LLA (Borkh. I. c.) stem tetragonal, paniculately branched at top ; branches shorter than the internodes ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved ; corolla 5-cleft ; segments ovate, acute, with bearded plicae inside at the base. Q. H. Native of Sweden, Bohemia, Hungary, Galicia, &c. in dry pastures, as well as of the islands of Unalaschka, and Sitcha ; in England in dry pasture, on calcareous soils. Gentiana amarella, Lin. spec. 334. Smith, engl. bot. t. 236. Oed. fl. dan. 328. Froel. gen. p. 141. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 148. Curt. fl. lend. fasc. 6. t. 31. Wahl. carp. p. 76. exclusive of the syn. G. pratensis, Besser. Gentiana lancifolia, Rafin. dansk. hoist, fl. Schum. fl. sael. p. 80. Pers. ench. l.p. 286. Schultes, fl. austr. ed. 2. no. 1017. Hippion axillare, Schmidt, boh. no. 129. Rcem. arch. 1. p. 32. t. 4. f. 13. Gentiana tetragona, Mayer, physt. aufs. p. 194. Gentiana campestris, Geners. clench, no. 2S4. Gentiana amarella ft, Frcel. gent. p. 87. — Plenck. icon. t. 158. Opsantha, Renealm, spec. p. 71. Gentiana pyramidalis, Willd. herb. no. 5540. Hippion axillare, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. t. 5. f. 13. Gentiana axillaris, Rchb. icon. t. 130. Swertia corniculata, herb. Willd. no. 5478— Barrel, icon. t. 510. f. 2. Gentiana obtusifolia, Willd. ex Rchb. icon. t. 129. no. 248. Peduncles axillary and terminal, 1-2-flowered. Corolla twice longer than the calyx, with a white tube and a purple limb, and beard. Calycine segments 5, uniform. Corolla 4 5-cleft. The plant is very bitter. The plant from the island of Sitcha differs from that of Unalaschka in the calycine segments being more unequal. Far. ft ; a larger plant, with longer branches, larger flowers, which are constantly 5-cleft ; segments of corolla broader. Bieb. 1. c. Var. y, fiigax verna or prcecox, Ray. This differs only in the early time of flowering. Far. S. This, the taller autumnal Gentian, with Centaury- like leaves, is said by Ray to have been found near Welwyn, in Hertfordshire, and Belcham St. Paul, in Essex, but it does not differ in any thing essential from the species. Amarella or Bitter Eurythalia. Fl. Aug. Brit. PI. \ to \ ft. 4 E. ULIGINOSA ; stem tetragonal, branched, winged at the base ; leaves lanceolate ; corolla 5-cleft, a little longer than the calycine segments, which are nearly equal ; segments of corolla ovate, acute, having the inner plicae bearded on the inside at GENTIANE.E. XI. EURYTHALIA. 187 the base. £. H. Native of Germany, in boggy pastures. Gentiana Amarella, Willd. prod, berol. no. 293. hot. mag. 11. p. 37. Gent, uliginosa, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1347. Rchb. icon, t. 58. Gent, campestre, Leyss. hal. no. 242. Stem 1-2 inches high. Peduncles long, 1 -flowered. Perhaps hardly a variety of Amarella. Corolla blueish. Bog Eurythalia. Fl. Aug. PI. 1 to 2 inches. 5 E. OBTUSIFOLIA ; stem tetragonal ; leaves lanceolate, ob- tuse ; corolla 4-5-cleft : tube equal in length to the calyx ; segments of corolla having the inner plicae bearded. 0. H. Native of Bavaria, Savoy, and Switzerland, on the mountains. Gentiana obtusifolia, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1347. Wahl. helv. p. 49. G. amarella y, Froel. gent. p. 87. Hippion obtusifolium, Schmidt, fl. boh. no. 226. Roera. arch. 1. p. 22. t. 2. f. 3. Gentiana spatulata, Rchb. icon. t. 22. Gent, mcntana, Nees. Lower leaves narrow, and almost petiolate : radical ones almost orbicular. Corolla purplish or blueish yellow in the dried state. Branches few, 1 -flowered. Two of the calycine segments are broader than the others. This plant is considered the same as E- Germdnica by Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. l.-p. 179-180. Blitnt-learcd Eurythalia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. | to i foot. 6 E. PRATE'NSIS ; stem tetragonal, branched ; leaves lanceo- late, with scabrous edges, obsoletely 3-nerved ; corolla 4-5- cleft : with ovate-lanceolate, obtuse segments : having the inner plica? bearded ; calycine segments nearly equal, shorter than the tube. ©. H. Native of Russia and Siberia at the Baikal; and of Galicia, in humid and dry places. Gentiana pratensis, Froel. gent. p. 88. exclusive of the syn. of Fl. dan. G. cam- pestris, Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 103. Taller and more branched than E. Germdnica ; with the lower branches shorter than the internodes. Corolla not twice shorter than the largest calycine segments, of a livid blue colour. Leaves sometimes violaceous beneath. Flowers terminal, aggregate ; pedicels shorter than the flowers. Said by Cham, in Linnaea. 1. p. 181. to be the fame with Amarella. Meadow Eurythalia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1817. PI. 1| ft. 7 E. CACCA'SICA ; stem tetragonal, branched from the base ; branches equal ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved ; corolla 5-cleft, with ovate, obtuse segments, and a bearded throat ; teeth of calyx subulate, nearly equal. ©. H. Native of the alps of Caucasus, at the fountains called Juchari- basch. Gentiana Caucasica, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 198. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1038. Gent, amarella, Pall. ross. 2. p. 104. exclusive of the syn. of Fl. dan. t. 367. Gent, collina. Adams. in Willd. herb. Roots yellowish. Calyx shorter than the tube of the corolla. Peduncles 1 -flowered, length of leaves at the tops of the branches. Corollas larger than those of E. cam- pest r is, of a violaceous blue colour ; beard white. Caucasian Eurythalia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1804. PI. i foot. 8 E. CAMPE'STRIS (Borkh. in Rcem. arch. 1. p. 28.) stem te- tragonal, pyramidally branched : leaves lanceolate, 3-nerved ; corolla 4-cleft ; the segments obtuse and the throat bearded ; the 2 exterior segments of the calyx very large. Q. H. Na- tive of Europe, from Sweden to Sicily, in dry elevated pastures. In Britain, particularly in the north of Wales and Scotland, plentiful ; but more especially in marly districts. Gentiana campestris, Lin. spec. 334. Froel. gent. p. 91. Smith, engl. bot. t. 237. Oed. fl. dan. t. 367. Bocc. mus. t. 181. Gent, amarella ,3, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 892. Gent, amarella, Allg. ped. no. 353. ex D. C. fl. fr. no. 2777. Gentiana obtusifolia, Schleich. Hippion campestre, Schmidt, in Roam arch. 1. p. 11. This is very nearly allied to E. amarella, but is more branched, and the calyx is always 4-parted and irregular. Co- rolla purplish blue, and sometimes pure white. According to Linnaeus poor people use this plant instead of hops to beer ; and according to Pallas as a medicine, in common with many other species. Var. ft, Germdnica (Froal. gent. p. 91.) stem acutely tetra- gonal, green or blueish purple at the base, 2-6 inches high, simple or branched ; 2 of the calycine segments are very large and subcordate, or ovate, acute 3-nerved, the 2 smaller ones lanceolate, acuminated ; corolla blueish violet, with a whitish tube, a little shorter than the calyx. Gent, campestris, Roth, fl. germ. 2. p. 290. Var. f, Neapolitana (Frcel. 1. c.) lower branches of stem the longest, therefore corymbose ; calyx 4-parted ; segments acu- minated, 2 of which are broader and lanceolate ; the other 2 linear ; corolla twice longer than the calyx : limb 4-cleft, acutish, reddish purple, but the beard is white. Q. H. Native of Italy. Far. f, quinquefda ; flowers 5-cleft. 0. H. Native of Switzerland. Gentiana Germaniea, Schleich. cent. pi. p. 21. no. 31. ex D. C. fl. ft. 2777. Var. f, minima ; plant small ; corollas purple. 0. H. Na- tive of the south of Europe. Hippion auriculatum, Schmidt, fl. boh. no. 125. — Barrel, icon. 97. f. 2. — Column, ecphr. 1. p. 223. t. 22. f. 3. Field Eurythalia. Fl. Aug. Britain. PI. | to | foot. 9 E. FLORIBD'NDA ; stem erect, branched ; leaves lanceolate, connate, acute, downy, with pilose margins ; peduncles 1- flowered, solitary, or numerous, disposed on the branches as if they were in racemes; calycine segments lanceolate, acute, downy as well as the corolla, which is deeply 5-cleft. and bearded in the throat. ©. H. Native of Nipaul. Gentiana flori- bunda, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 127. Stem terete, glabrous. Flowers pale blue. Lobes of corolla ovate, mutic. Bundle-JUncered Eurythalia. Fl. 1 PI. 1 to 2 feet. 10 E. UMBELLA'TA (D. Don, mss.) stem erect, branched, terete ; leaves lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, or somewhat 5- nerved : lower ones petiolate ; calycine segments lanceolate, acuminated ; throat of corolla furnished with a jagged fringed ring; lobes of corolla elliptic, oblong. 0. H. Native of Peru. Gentiana umbellata, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb. Leaves with scabrous edges, 3-4 inches long. Flowers termi- nal, 3-5 in an umbel, erect ; pedicels 2-edged, bractless. Co- rollas yellow. Filaments dilated ; anthers oblong. Ovarium oblong. Stigma sessile, thick, 2-lobed. C/mfc.Y«te-flowered Eurythalia. PI. 1| foot. 11 E. ACRICCLA'TA ; stem subtetragonal, almost simple ; radical leaves ovate : cauline ones oblong-ovate, stem-clasping, obtuse, 5-nerved ; flowers terminal from the axils of the supe- rior leaves; corolla 4-5-cleft, villous inside; alternate, ca- lycine segments cordate. ©. H. Native of eastern Siberia, about the sea of Ochotsk, and of Kamtschatka, in grassy marshy places. Gentiana auriculata, Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 102. t. 92. f. 1. Froel. gent. p. 90. no. 35. Hippion auriculatum, Schmidt. Dasy Stephana auriculata, Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 26. Corolla twice longer than the calyx : with roundish ovate, pale blue segments, which are villous inside. Ovarium fusiform. There is a much-branched variety of this, with more violet-coloured corollas, found in salt marshes towards the sea. Auricled Eurithalia. PI. 1 foot. 1 2 E. GL ACIA'LIS ; stem tetragonal, branched from the base, leafy ; leaves nearly all radical, and rosulate, oblong, bluntish ; corolla 4-cleft, with a bearded throat ; calyx 4-parted, nearly equal; peduncles long, tetragonal, naked, 1 -flowered. ©. H. Native of Lapland, Iceland, and through Savoy, and the Car- pathian mountains, on the tops of the alps, to the alps of middle B B 2 188 GENTIANEJE. XL EURYTHALIA. XII. PLEUROGYNA. XIII. ERICALA. Europe, as of Valais, even to Siberia. Gentiana glacialis, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 532. Free}, gent. p. 98. Wahl. lapp. p. 69. carp. p. 75. Gent, nivalis, Lam. diet, suppl. 2. p. 733. no. 68. Hall. helv. 652. Hippion longepedunculatum, Schmidt, in Roam, arch. 1. p. 21. t. 2. f. 5. Gent, nana, All. pedem. 1. p. 99. no. 360. Nearly allied to E. amarella. Corolla deep blue, having 2 small fringed segments to each segment of the corolla. Capsule elongated. Var. ft, tenella ; corolla 4-cleft, bearded ; stem subdichoto- mous ; peduncles very long ; leaves subovate, bluntish. 0. H. Native of the north of Europe. Gent, tenella, Frcel. gent. p. 96. Willd. spec. 1349. Pers. syn. 1. p. 286. Rottb. act. hafn. 10. p. 436. t. 2. f. 6. Townson, trav. hung. t. 14. Vahl, act. soc. hafn. 2. p. 2. t. 21. Fl. dan. t. 318. Gent, tetra- gona, Lam. ill. no. 2233. Gmel. syst. p. 462. Roth. germ. 2. p. 290. Hippion tenellum, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 19. Gent. Konigii, Gunn. fl. norv. no. 288. Gent, campestris /3, Lin. syst. p. 269. no. 34. Gmel. syst. p. 460. no. 7. Corollas deep blue. Var. y, uniflbra ; stem simple, 1-flowered. 0. H. Gent, glacialis ft, Froel. gent. p. 98. Icy Eurythalia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1819. PI. i to | foot. 1 3 E. DICHOTOMA ; stem tetragonal, dichotomously branched ; leaves subovate, acute ; peduncles very long ; corolla 5-cleft, with a bearded throat, and oblong, obtuse, hardly spreading seg- ments. ©. H. Native of Siberia, from the Lena to the Eastern Ocean. Gent, dichotoma, Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 110. Froel. gent, p. 100. Hippion dichotomum, Schmidt. Gent, borealis, Ledeb. act. nat. soc. mosc. 3. p. 357. Gent, glacialis, Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 288.— Gmel. sib. 4. p. 106. t. 51. f. B. This species differs from E. glacialis in the stem being finely forked, filiform, and rather flexuous. Leaves at all the forks, and on the peduncles. Calyx divided almost to the base ; segments lanceolate, acute. Corolla .purplish ; tube longer than the calyx. The corollas vary to 4-cleft, and to a white colour. Said by Cham, in Linnsea, 1. p. 182. to be the same as E. glacialis. Dichotomous Eurythalia. PI. \ foot. 14 E. NA'NA (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 28.) stem tetra- gonal, decumbent, filiform, dichotomous, leafy at bottom, with ascending, tufted branches ; radical leaves obovate : cauline ones ovate, obtuse ; peduncles hardly the length of the flowers ; corolla 5-cleft, rarely 4-cleft, campanulate, with a bearded throat, and ovate, acutish segments. 0. H. Native of the alps of Carinthia and Salzburg, near the limits of perpetual snow. Gent, nana, Wulf. in Jacq. misc. 1. p. 161. t. 18. f. 3. Froel. gent. p. 102. Hippion nanum, Schmidt, in Roem. arch, p. 20, t. 3. f. 10. Root yellowish. Radical leaves usually 4, rarely more, rosulate. Calycine segments ovate, lanceolate, acut- ish, nearly equal. Corolla with a whitish tube, nearly the length of the calyx, and a deep violaceous limb, and a white bipartite beard. Stigmas ovate. Var. ft; stem simple, shorter than the flower. 0. H. Froel. gent. 1. c. Var. y ; corollas white. ©. H. Froel. gent. 1. Dwarf Eurythalia. Fl. July, Aug. PI. 1 to 2 inches. Cult. For culture and propagation see Pleurogyna, below. XII. PLEURO'GYNA (from jrXevpa, pleura, a side, and yvvn, gyne, a female ; in reference to the 2 stigmas being adnate longitudinally to both sides of the ovarium). Eschsch. mss. ex Schlecht. in Linnaea. 1. p. 187. — Gentiana species of authors. — Swertia species of Linnaeus. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla rotate, spreading, 5-cleft ; with a fringed or scaly throat. Sta- mens 5 ; filaments filiform ; anthers free, incumbent. Stig- mas 2, adnate longitudinally to the sutures on both sides of the ovarium. Capsule elongated, 1 -celled, 2-valved. Seeds minute, globose, scobiform. — Annual plants. Leaves opposite, decussate : radical ones rosulate. Flowers blue. 1 P. CARINTHI'ACA; stem short, tetragonal, dichotomous, leaves ovate-lanceolate, obtuse ; peduncles very long, naked ; corolla rotate, 5-cleft ; with bristles in the throat. 0. H. Native of Carinthia, and Salzburg, on the tops of the alps. Gentiana Carinthiaca, Froel. gent. p. 103. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1350. Swertia Carinthiaca, Wulf. in Jacq. misc. 2. p. 53. t. 6. Lin. syst. ed. 14. Murr. p. 266. Root yellowish. Stem slender. Branches and peduncles erect or ascending. Radical leaves 4, rosulate, oblong-ovate : cauline ones twin above the base. Ca- lycine segments cut almost to the base, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, nearly equal, shorter than the corolla. Segments of corolla ovate, acute, sky blue above, and white and violaceous beneath. Bristles in the throat short and white. Capsule elongated, an- gular. Stigmas obtuse. Corinthian Pleurogyna. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. i ft. 2 P. SULCA'TA ; stem tetragonal, dichotomous ; leaves linear ; segments of corolla oblong, acute ; corolla rotate, 5-cleft : with scales in the throat; calycine segments lanceolate-linear. 0. H. Native of Iceland and Norway. Gent, sulcata, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1351. Swertia sulcata, Rottb. act. hafn. 10. p. 438. t. 1. f. 4. Retz. scan. ed. 2. no. 309. Swertia rotata, Gunn. norw. no. 1077. fl. dan. t. 343. Gent, rotata ft, Froel. gent, p. 106. Corolla length of calyx. Stem spicately branched, many- flowered, leafy, ex Fl. dan. 1. c. Ovarium compressed, furrowed. /Wronjerf-capsuled Pleurogyna. PI. \ to ^ foot. 3 P. ROTA'TA ; stem simple or branched from the middle, obsoletely tetragonal ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acutish, strict ; segments of calyx ovate-lanceolate, one half shorter than the co- rolla. ©. H. Native throughout Siberia, in humid places. Gentiana rotata, Frcel. gent. p. 105. Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 289. Swertia rotata, Lin. spec. 1. p. 1351. Pall. fl. 2. t. 89. f. 1. and 2.— Gmel. sib. 4. t. 53. f. 1. Root yellow, fascicled. Branches sub-fastigiate. Radical leaves 4, rosulate, obovate, obtuse : cauline ones lanceolate, acutish, sub-trinerved, shorter than the internodes. Segments of calyx linear-acute, 3-nerved, a little shorter than the corolla. Corolla blue, 5-parted. Scales 10 in the throat, variously cut. Ovarium cylindrical, compressed, furrowed in the middle. /fo/rtVe-flowered Pleurogyna. PI. g to 1 foot. 4 P. STELLERIA'NA (Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea. 1. p. 188.) leaves ovate, acute ; calycine segments ovate, lanceolate, acute, one half shorter than the corolla. ©. H. Native of eastern Siberia, Kamtschatka, and Caucasus. Swertia rotata, Pall. fl. ross. t. 89. f. 3. Bieb. cauc. 1. p. 199. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 112. t. 52. f. 2. Stem many-flowered, branched from the base ; branches fastigiate. Corolla 5-cleft. Steller's Pleurogyna. PI. 5 to \ foot. Cult. The species of this genus are almost uncultivatable ; although several of them are extremely common in chalky parts of Britain. We would recommend the seed to be sown in chalky soil, or soil well mixed with chalk or marl, in which they will probably grow in a cultivated state. XIII. ER1CAVLA (meaning unknown to us). Renealm. specim. p. 75. t. 68. Ericoila, Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 27. Gentiana species of authors. Hippion species of Schmidt. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Digynia. Calyx 3-5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped or salver-shaped, 8-10-cleft; the alternate seg- ments usually smaller, entire, bifid or fringed, but never bearded. Stamens 4-5 ; filaments filiform. Anthers incumbent, linear GEXTIAXE.E. XIII. ERICALA. 189 or oblong-linear. Stigma 2-lobed or bi6d, minutely papillose. Capsule pedicellate. Seeds small, oblong or roundish, smooth. — Dwarf perennial or annual herbs. Leaves conduplicate. Ra- dical leaves rosulate, imbricate : cauline ones opposite, decussate, sessile. Flowers terminal, usually solitary. ^ 1. Perennial plants. 1 E. ALPIXA; corolla campanulate, about equal in length to the stem ; leaves ovate, rather fleshy, obtuse, nerveless. If. . H. Native of Dauphiny, in the Pyrenees, very plentiful. Gentiana alpina, Vill. dauph.'s. p. 526. no. 8. t. 10. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. no. 2770. a. Lodd. hot. cab. 476. Gent, acaulis /3, Froel. gent. p. 57. var. y, D. C. fl. fr. 2770. Pers. syn. 1. p. 285. Hippion alpinum, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 2. p. 20. — Barrel, icon. t. 105. Leaves hardly twice as long as broad, almost round. Flowers solitary, erect, always longer than the stem, 1 2-14 lines long. ^piWEricala. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1817. PI. £ foot. 2 E. ALTA'ICA (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 27.) stem shorter than the flower : radical leaves imbricated, compact ; corolla funnel-shaped, 10-cleft; segments roundish: accessory ones roundish, jagged. "U- H. Native of Altaia, near the li- mits of perpetual snow. Gentiana Altaica, Pall. fl. ross. £. p. 109. t. 97. f. 1. Frcel. gent. p. 62. Gent, grandiflora, Laxm. corom. nov. petrop. 18. p. 526. t. 6. f. 1. Hippion Altaicum, Schmidt, in Rcem. arch. 1. p. 10.no. 2. Gent.longiflora, Lam. ill. p. 485. no. 2115. Root simple, fibry. Leaves lanceolate, acutish. Flowers solitary. Segments of calyx lan- ceolate-acuminated, with a membranous white keel and margin. Corolla large, deep blue. Anthers yellow. Very nearly allied to E. Pyrenaica. Capsule obovate, pedicellate. I'ar. fi, albifibra (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 283.) flowers white, with 5 yellow stripes. l/.H. Native of Siberia, in alpine places. Alta'tn Ericala. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1824. PI. i foot. 3 E. PYKEXA'ICA (Borkh. 1. c.) stem branched at bottom ; leaves lanceolate-linear ; flowers terminating the branches, solitary ; corolla funnel-shaped, 10-cleft : accessory segments oblong, obtuse and crenulated at the apex. %. H. Xa- tive of the Pyrenees, and Caucasus. Gentiana Pyrenaica, Lin. s\st. 268. mant. 55. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1341. Froel. gent. p. 63. Gouan. ill. 7. t. 2. f. 2. Waldst. et Kit. hung. t. 207. Hippion Pyrenaicum, Schmidt, in Ro2m. arch. 1. p. 14. no. 1. Very nearly allied to E. cerna, but differs in the accessory segments being nearly equal in size to the others. Stem procumbent. Flowers length of branches. Sterile branches densely leafy. Radical leaves crowded, im- bricated : cauline ones connately sheathing, acute, with white cartilaginous edges. Segments of calyx lanceolate, acute, with pale edges. Corolla pale green outside, with the limb deep blue above. There is a variety of this species with a 6-cleft corolla, with as many accessory segments, see D. C. fl. fr. no. 2775. Pyrenean Ericala. 'Fl. April, July. Clt. 1825. PI. i foot. 4 E. PC'MILA (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 41.) stems 1- flowered ; leaves linear-lanceolate, crowded, imbricate ; corolla salver-shaped, 10-cleft ; segments ovate, acute : the 5 accessory ones small, semi-bifid. TJ. . H. Native of Carinthia, Austria, the Tyrol, Switzerland, &c., on the alps. Gentiana pumila, Lin. spec. p. 331. Jacq. vind. 215. obs. 2. p. 29. t. 49. austr. 4. t. C02. Froel. gent. p. 81. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1345. Gent. verna ,3, Lam. diet. 2. p. 639. y. D. C. fl. fr. no. 2771. Hip- pion pumilum, Schmidt, in Ram. arch. 1. p. 10. Habit of E. Pyrenaica and E. rerna, but differs from both in the corolla. Lower leaves with subrecurved cartilaginous margins. Calyx pentagonally keeled, blueish. Corolla pale blue ; accessory seg- ments white. Dirarf Ericala. FIG. 21. 5 E. SEDIFOLLA ; plant tuf- ted, procumbent ; branches 1- flowered : flowers sessile ; leaves lanceolate, acute, loosely im- bricate ; corolla funnel-shaped, 10-cleft; the accessory seg- ments are almost equal to the others in size, all roundish ovate ; calycine segments equal, linear- lanceolate, acute, with membra- nous, white edges ; stigmas ses- sile, revolute at apex. If. . F. Native on the Andes, about Quito Popayan. Gentiana se- difolia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 134. t. 225. Gent, caespitosa, Willd. herb. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 185. Leaves sessile, some- what connate, nerveless, with diaphanous white edges. Calyx 3 times shorter than the corolla. Corolla size of E. verna, blue. Capsule oblong, acute, compressed. Stonecrop-Uared Ericala. PI. procumbent. 6 E. TUBIFLORA ; almost stemless, tufted ; leaves crowded, mostly radical, rosulate, roundish-spatulate, sessile, small; flowers solitary, sessile, upon the tops of very short stems ; calyx tubular : with triangular, acute teeth ; corolla long, tu- bular, 10-cleft: the 5 regular segments ovate, rounded, mucro- nate ; and the 5 accessory ones small, and also rounded. I/ . F. Native of Nipaul, at Gosainsthan. Gentiana tubiflora, Wall. cat. no. 4388. Flowers long, narrow, blue, large for the size of the plant. Margins of leaves cartilaginous. This is a pretty little plant. Tube-jlofcered Ericala. PI. small, tufted, 1 inch. 7 E. DEPRE'SSA (D. Don, mss.) stems 1-flowered; flowers sessile, radical ; leaves lanceolate, mucronate, rosulate ; of the surculi ovate; corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, 10-cleft; the 5 accessory segments ovate, erosely crenulated ; the other 5 roundish, and mucronately awned. If. . H. Native of Xi- paul. Gemiana depressa, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 126. Wall, cat. no. 4387. Root fibrous. Plant depressed, stemless, some- times with many decumbent surculi. Leaves glaucous-green, 3- nerved, with cartilaginous edges, scabrous from papillae. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft ; with lanceolate, mucronulate keeled segments. Corolla an inch long, blue, with violaceous lines. Filaments flat, channelled. Ovarium fusiform, pedicellate. Style elongated. Stigmas lanceolate, mucronulate, approximate, papillose, as several other parts of the plant. Very nearly allied to E. Altaica. Depressed Ericala. PI. 2 inches. 8 E. CARIXA'TA (D. Don, mss.) stem erect, terete, simple ; leaves sessile, keeled at the base, linear-lanceolate, incurved ; flowers aggregate, terminal ; calycine segments linear, mucro- nate, with scabrous edges ; corolla funnel-shaped, tubular, with a bearded throat, and a 1 0 lobed limb : the 5 accessory lobes sharply denticulated, much shorter than the other 5, which are lanceolate, acute. If. . F. Native of Nipaul. Stem purplish. Leaves green, having the margins and keel cartilaginous. Fila- ments capillary. Stigmas revolute. Capsule cuneate-oblong, winged at apex. Keeled-\ea\ed Ericala. PI. 1^ inch. 9 E. VEXU'STA ; stems procumbent or stoloniferous ; leaves roundish-spatulate, obtuse, with cartilaginous edges ; flowers sessile, terminal, 2-3 together, rarely solitary ; calycine segments linear-lanceolate; corolla 10-cleft: the 5 regular segments roundish and crenated ; and the 5 accessory ones small and bifid, y.. F. Native of Kamaon. Gentiana venusta, Wall, cat. no. 4.389. Flowers blue. 190 GENTIANE^E. XIII. ERICALA. Beautiful Ericala. PL procumbent. 10 E. ANGUSTIFOLIA ; stem terete, simple, 1-flowered; leaves narrow-linear, spreading ; corolla campanulate, with 5 ovate acute segments, and as many accessory small jagged ones. Ij. . H. Native from New Jersey to Carolina, in meadows and near rivers, in sandy soil. Gentiana angustifolia, Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 177. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 186. Gentiana purpurea, Walt. fl. car. p. 109. Gentiana porpby'rio, Gmel. syst. p. 402. no. 37. Hippion Porphyrio, Schmidt. Calyx 5- cleft. Flowers large, azure blue, often 2 inches long. Capsule clavate, stipitate. Stigrra bifid. Stems mostly simple, but sometimes 2-3-flowered. Narrow-leaved Ericala. PL 3 to 1 foot. 11 E. QUADRIFA'RIA ; stem a little branched; flowers ter- minal, solitary, almost sessile ; leaves imbricating in 4 rows, ovate, with cartilaginous edges, terminated each by a bristle ; corolla funnel-shaped, 10-clei't. I/.? G. Native of Java, on the higher declivities of Mount Cede. Gentiana quadrifaria, Blum, bijdr. p. 847. Nearly allied to E. aqudtica and E. huinile. Quadrifarious-leaved. Ericala. PL \ foot. ? 12 E. LINEA'RIS; stem roughish ; leaves linear-lanceolate, undulated, nerveless, ciliated, as well as the calyxes ; flowers terminal, sessile, crowded ; corolla campanulate, 5-cleft, with as many denticulated, accessory segments. I/. H. Native of Pennsylvania and Virginia, on the mountains ; and of the Ar- kansas. Gentiana linearis, Frcel. gent. p. 37. no. 11. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1, p. 186. Gentiana puberula, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 176. Flowers large, blue. Segments of corolla blue. Linear-leaved Ericala. FL Aug. Clt. 1816. PL -| foot. 13 E. ACU'TA ; stems tetragonal, branched ; leaves sessile, half stem-clasping, erect, oblong-ovate, very acute ; flowers disposed in terminal and lateral fascicles ; corolla 10-cleft : the 5 regular segments linear-lanceolate : and the 5 accessory ones small and ciliated. O-? H. Native of Carolina and Canada, on high mountains. Gentiana acuta, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 177. Pursh 1. p. 186. Fertile branches much shorter than the ste- rile ones. Flowers very small, greenish yellow, on very short branches. " Flowers mostly solitary, axillary, and terminal, upon longish peduncles ; calyx nearly divided to the base, 2 of the segments smaller than the others ; corolla campanulate, 4-5- cleft, greenish purple ; segments semi-ovate, acute ; orifice ciliated:" ex Nutt. gen. 1. p. 172. Perhaps a species of Eury- thulia, if Michaux' plant and NuttalPs be the same. ./^cute-flowered Ericala. PL £ foot. 14 E. VE'RNA (Borkh. inRcem. arch. 1. p. 41.) stem branched at bottom ; branches 1-flowered ; leaves ovate, acutish : radical ones spreading, crowded ; corolla salver-shaped, 5-cleft, with as many small bifid, accessory segments. T£. H. Native throughout Europe, on the alps and mountains, and in humid meadows, as of Switzerland, Savoy, Piedmont, Austria, Car- niola, &c. In England, in Teesdale Forest, Durham ; and be- tween Gort and Galloway, in Ireland. Gentiana verna, Lin. spec, p. 331. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1342. exclusive of Gent. Bavarica, Pall. Smith, engl. bot. 493. Curt. bot. mag. 491. Locld. bot. cab. t. 62. Tratt. fl. austr. 1. t. 2. Mordant Delanay. 1. 1. 1. Gentiana prostrata, Schleich. Hall. helv. no. 644. Gent, serrata a, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 294. Hippion vernum, Schmidt, fl. boh. no. 118. Rcem. arch. 1. p. 16. t. 3. f. 9. — Morr. hist. t. 5. f. 13. — Ger. emac. 436. f. 2. Gentianella dulcis, Gesn. in Schmidel. op. gesn. 2. p. 41. t. 22 f. 83. A. exclusive of Lin. name. — Barrel, icon, p. 98. t. 109. f. 1. Stigma finely serrated, saucer-shaped. Root creeping, Angles of calyx undulated. Segments of co- rolla roundish, obtuse. Corollas azure blue ; accessory seg- ments pale. Capsule fusiform, bursting when touched. Var, (3; stem hardly exceeding the corolla; segments of 12 corolla acutely serrated. I/. H. Native of the Noric alps, Carpathian mountains, as well as of Siberia, at the Baikal. Froel. gent. p. 65. Gentiana Bavarica, Jacq. obs. 3. p. 19. t. 71. Gent, verna y, Lam. diet. 2. p. 639. Gmel. syst. 461. Scop, earn. l.p. 178. — Barrel, icon. 109. f. 2. Ericala, Renealm. spec. p. 75. t. 68. Far. y, elongata (Frcel. gent. I. c.) stem elongated, filiform, nearly naked, 1-flowered; calyx oblong, equal ; radical leaves rosulate. 1£. H. Native of Austria. Gent, elongata, Haenke, in Jacq. coll. p. 88. t. 17. f. 3. Var. §, brachyphylla (Frcel. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate-roundish, very short. "H-. H. Native of Dauphiny and Carinthia. Gen- tiana brachyphylla, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 258. no. 12. Barrel, icon. t. 103. f. 2. Var. e, acutiflora (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 427.) segments of corolla acute. If. . H. Native of France. Var. '£, tcrnifolia ; cauline leaves 3 in a whorl. Var. i), (tlba ; corolla white. Var. d, subacaulis ; plant almost without a stem. ©. H. Native of Switzerland. Gent, verna ft, VVahl. helv. p. 47. Gent, pumila, Sut. Var. «, sexfidus ; corolla 6-cleft ; calyx ventricose, triden- tate. !(.. H. Hippion sexfidum, Schmidt, in Iloem. arch. 1. p. 15. Spring Ericala. FL April, May. England. PL \ foot. 15 E. jEsilvA ; stems short, 1-flowered; leaves oval, all equal, crowded ; calyx ventricose; corolla funnel-shaped, 10- cleft : having the accessory segments small, bifid, and acute ; stigma cup-shaped, deeply crenated. 1£. H. Native of Bohe- mia, Austria, and Bavaria, on the mountains, in meadows. Gen- tiana sestiva, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 156. Hippion aes- tivum, Schmidt, fl. boh. no. 119. Rcem. arch. 1. p. 16. t. 3. f. 8. Calyx more angular, and the stigma more deeply cre- nated than in E. verna. Var. /3, Tergloeensis (Hacq. pi. alp. no. 4. t. 2. f. 3.) stem- less ; calyx short, pentagonal ; accessory segments of corolla semibifid ; stigma funnel-shaped, ciliated. If.. H. Native of Terglove, near the ice. Summer Ericala. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PL i foot. 16 E. CARPA'THICA; leaves obovate, all sessile : cauline ones remote; flowers sessile ; corolla 10-cleft, funnel-shaped ; acces- sory segments unknown. If.. H. Native of the Carpathian mountains. Gentiana Carpathica, Kit. in Schultes, fl. austr. ed. 2. no. 1008. Said to be nearly allied to E. verna. Carpathian Ericala. PL 5 foot. 17 E. IMBRICAVTA; stems tufted, shorter than the flowers; flowers solitary ; leaves ovate, acute, imbricated, with scabrous edges; corolla funnel-shaped, 10-cleft: having the accessory segments bifid. 1£. H. Native of Switzerland and Carinthia, on the tops of the alps. Gentiana imbricata, Froel. gent. p. 74. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1344. Gent. Bavarica, Lam. diet. 2. p. 640. — Cam. hort. t. 15. f. 2. — Barrel, icon. t. 101. f. 2. ex Cam. Schmidel, op. gesn. 2. p. 43. t. 22. f. 84. This species appears to be intermediate between E. Bavarica and E. prostrdla, but is very distinct from both. The tufts are more dense ; lower leaves roundish. Limb of corolla broader than in E. Bavarica, deep blue ; with ovate-lanceolate acute segments : the accessory one pale blue and rather large. Imbricated- leaved Ericala. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. PL | foot. 18 E. PROSTRA'TA (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 41.) stem prostrate, filiform, leafy, about equal in length to the flower ; leaves obtuse, crowded; corolla funnel-shaped, 10-cleft; the 5 accessory segments small and bifid, if.. H. Native of Salzburgh, on the tops of the alps, Carniola, Unalaschka, Beh- ring's Straits, Bay of St. Laurence, Aleutian Islands, &c. Gen- GBNTIANR£. XIII. ERICALA. 191 tiana prostrata, Haenke, in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 66. t. 17. f. 2. Tratt. fl. austr. fasc. 9. t. 8. Froel. gent. p. 75. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1344. Hippion prostratum, Schmidt, 1. c. Very nearly allied to E. Bavarica, but all parts of the plant are more slender and the flowers much smaller ; calyx less angular ; segments of corolla lanceolate, acute, of a watery blue colour. Prostrate Ericala. PI. 1 to 2 inches. 19 E. ANGCLOSA ; stem shorter than the flower ; leaves ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved : radical ones crowded, imbricate ; calyxes keeled ; corolla salver-shaped, 10-cleft ; segments ovate, obtuse; the 5 accessory segments small and bluntly bifid. %. H. Native of Caucasus, and the Carpathian mountains, in rather humid alpine places. Gentiaua angulosa, Bieb. fl. taur. l.p. 197. suppl. p. 190. cent. pi. rar. ross. 1. 1. 47- Gent, verna y, angulosa, Wahl. carp, no. 21C. Gent, utriculosa, Wahl. helv. no. 273. Gent. Bavarica, Pall. ross. 2. p. 110. exclusive of the syn. of Lin. Gent, uni- flora, Georgi, itin. 1. p. 203. t. 1. f. 2. Habit and stature of E. nana, but the flowers are larger, and the calyxes bladdery. Angular-ca\\*ed Ericala. Fl. April, June. " Clt. 1824. PL ifoot. 20 E. BAVA'RICA (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 41. Schmidel, op. gesn. 2. p. 43. t. 27. f. 85.) stems 1-flowered; leaves ovate, obtuse : radical ones crowded, imbricated, larger than the cau- line ones; corolla funnel-shaped, 10-cleft; segments entire, or slightly serrated: the accessory ones small, horn-formed. 1(..H. Native of middle Europe, on the alps. Gentiana Bavarica, Lin. spec. 331. Vill. dauph. 2. p. 527. t. 10. exclusive of the syn. of Jacq. Haenke, in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 75. no. 32. Gen- tiana serpyllifolia, Lam. diet. 2. p. 640. Pers. ench. 1. p. 285. Hall. helv. no. 645. Hippion Bavaricum, Schmidt, bohem. no. 120. and in Roam. arch. 1. p. 17. t. 4. f. 12. Gentiana prostrata, Funk. — Barrel, icon. 101. f. 1. — Cam. hort, p. 65. t. 15. Differs from E. verna, in the leaves being obtuse, not acute. Corolla deep blue. Ovarium pedicellate. Stigmas 2, downy. far. p, imbricata ; flower exceeding the stem ; radical leaves crowded, roundish. It . H. Native of the alps of Salzburgh and Carinthia. Froel. gen. p, 71. Gentiana imbricata, Schleich, ex D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 427. no. 2772. Far. y, elongata ; stem elongated, S-4 inches long. If . H. Froel. gent. 1. c. I ar, e, albiflora ; corollas white. Froel. 1. c. Bavarian Ericala. Fl. July. Clt. 1775. PI. ± foot. 21 E. CRUCIA'TA (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 27.) stems ascending, terete, 2-edged at the base ; leaves broad-lan- ceolate, 3-nerved; flowers terminal, and axillary, crowded, nearly sessile ; calyx 4-toothed, unequal ; corolla tubularly campanulate, S-cleft : having the 4 regular segments acute: and the 4 accessory ones small, acutely bifid or jagged. It- H. Native of middle Europe, in dry, exposed, moun- tainous places ; as well as of Caucasus and Siberia. Gentiana cruciata, Bauh. pin. 188. Lin. spec. 334. Jacq. austr. 4. t. 372. Pall. ross. 108. Hippion cruciatum, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 11. MayerhofF, fl. mon. t. 153. Tretrorrhiza Renealm, specim. 74. t. 73. Herba fullonum, Brunf. 2. p. 52. — Ger. emac. 4S3. f. 4. — Mor. hist. t. 5. f. 16. Leaves connate at the base. Bracteas length of flowers. Calyx cleft on one side. Corolla with a pale tube, widened upwards, and a pale blue limb, dotted with green in the throat. Capsule oblong. This species differs much in habit from the rest ; and has much the appearance of Gentiana macrophylla. Seeds oblong, smooth. Far. /3, minor (Cam. epit. 41 7.) Far. y ; stem humble ; flowers smaller ; segments of corolla acute. 7£ . H. Frcel. gent. p. 28. Crossnort Ericala. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1596. PI. | foot. 22 E. SPATHA'CEA ; stem erect, simple, nearly terete ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, subconnate, acute, approximate ; flowers terminal, sessile, crowded ; calyx 5-toothed, cleft on one side; corolla funnel-shape J ; limb 10-cleft: the larger segments roundish, obtuse, and the accessory ones shorter and bifid ? ; stigma undivided, at length 2-lobed. Tf- H. Native of Mexico, on the eastern declivities of mountains, near Xalapa. Gentiana spa thacea. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 135. no. 15. Gent, plicata, Willd. reliq. mss. Leaves 3-nerved, membranous. Flowers erect, size of those of Gentiana cruciata, blue. Ovarium sub-clavate, compressed. Style short. iSjM/Aoceoiu-calyxed Ericala. PI. 1 foot. | 2. Annual plants. 23 E. UTRICULOSA (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 27.) stem branched; branches alternate, 1-flowered; calyx carinately winged ; radical leaves rosulate, ovate : cauline ones spatulate ; corolla salver-shaped, 10-cleft: the segments linear-lanceolate, acute, and entire : the accessory ones bifid ; stigma cup-shaped, crenated, nearly as in E. terna. 0. H. Native from the Baltic to the Mediterranean, in mountain pastures and sub- alpine places. Gentiaua utriculosa, Lin. spec. 332. Frcel. gent. p. 69. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1343. Hall. helv. 646. Waldst. et Kit. hung. t. 206. Hippion utriculosum, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. l.p. 11. — Barrel, icon. 18. t. 48. f. 2. not 1. — Column, ecphr. t. 221. Stem and branches obsoletely tetragonal. Co- rollas beautiful blue ; tube whitish, striped with blue. Seeds scabrous. This species is easily recognized by the 5 prominent wings of the calyx, and the salver-shaped corolla. Root fusi- form, yellow. Var. /3, ramosa ; stem branched at the base ; branches elon- gated, 1-flowered. Q. H. Native on mount Baldo. Frcel. gent. 1. c. far. y, uniflbra : stem simple, dwarf, 1-flowered. 0. H. Frcel. 1. c. Var. S, albiflora ; corolla white. fitooVfery-calyxed Ericala. Fl. April. Clt. 1822. PL ^ ft. 24 E. NIVA'LIS (Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 27.) stem simple or branched ; branches alternate, 1-flowered ; radical leaves crowded, ovate, acutish : cauline ones lanceolate ; calyx tubu- lar, 5-toothed, with acute, hardly keeled angles ; corolla funnel- shaped, 10-cleft; the accessory segments bifid. Q. H. Na- tive of Europe, from Lapland to the Pyrenees, and Italy, on the alps. In Scotland, as on Ben Lawers. Gentiana nivalis, Lin. spec. 286. Froel. gent. 1. p. 83. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1344. Smith, engl. hot. 896. Wahl. lapp. p. 68. helv. p. 48. Oed. fl. dan. 17. Hall. helv. no. 647. t. 17. enum. no. 218. t. 7. f. 5. Mor. t. 5. f. 3. Stem and branches tetragonal. Leaves elliptic : radical ones acute ?. Corollas salver-shaped, blue, greenish out- side. Calycine segments acuminated. Far. /3, minima ; stem branched, filiform ; leaves very short. 0. H. Native of Oauphiny. Gentiana minima, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 19. t. 1 1. f. 6.— Barrel, icon. 103. f. 2. Far. y, kiimile ; stem humble, usually 1-flowered; leaves very short, ovate, obtuse. 0. H. Native of Europe and Labrador. Froel. gent. 1. c. exclusive of the syn. of Vill. Hippion nivale, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. p. 19. t, 11. f. 6. — Barrel, icon. 103. f. 2. Far. c, albiflora ; corollas white. Snowy Ericala. Fl. Aug. Scotland. PL | foot. 25 E. SQUARROSA ; stem dichotomously branched, beset with divaricate, glandular hairs ; flowers sessile, several together ; leaves remote, attenuated at both ends ; calycine teeth spread- ing, mucronate; corolla funnel-shaped, 10-cleft: the 5 alternate or accessory segments small and bidentate. ©. H. Native of Siberia, on dry schistous mountains, at the rivers Kerlyk and Kan. Gentiana squarrosa, Led. mem. acad. sc. petersb. 5. 192 GENTIANE.E. XIII. EUICALA. p. 527. no. 13. ill. fl. TOSS. t. 14. Gent, aquatica, Bieb. suppl. p. 92. Gent, aquatica, var. y, Frcel. gent. p. 77.— Corolla blue, hardly exceeding the calyx. Stigmas sessile, revolute. Squarrose Ericala. PI. 5 foot. 26 E. AQUA'TICA (Borkh. in Rcem. arch. 1. p. 27.) stem coarctate, erect, branched ; flowers terminal, sessile ; leaves obovate, imbricated, keeled, mucronate, cartilaginously mar- gined ; teeth of calyx adpressed, acute ; corolla funnel-shaped, 10-cleft; the accessory segments small, bifid?. ©• H. Native of Siberia, in sandy, alpine meadows. Gentiana aquatica, Lin. amcen. 2. p. 343. spec. 332. mosc. 3. p. 258.— Gmel. sib. 4. p. 110. no. 76. — Hippion aquaticum, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 10. no. 12. Stem beset with glandular hairs. Calyx with 5 winged angles. Corolla pale azure blue. Capsule clavate, elongated. Stigmas obtuse. Thecapodium equal in length to the calyx. Aquatic Ericala. PI. 5 foot. 27 E. LOUREIRI; stems tufted, simple, 1-flowered; leaves lanceolate ; calyx acutely 5-cleft ; corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft : the accessory segments smaller and plicate ; stigmas sessile, revolute. 0. H. Native of China, in humid places about Canton. Gentiana aquatica, Lour. coch. 172. but not of Lin. Corollas blue, terminal, solitary. Loureiro's Ericala. PI. £ foot. 28 E. THUNBE'RGII ; stem simple, 1-flowered; leaves with membranous edges : radical ones, ovate, acute, crowded : cauline ones ovate, minute, connate, ovate-oblong ; calyx with 5 mem- branous angles ; corolla funnel-shaped, 1 0-cleft, sessile : the accessory segments smaller and plicate. 0. H. Native of Japan. Gentiana aquatica, Thunb. jap. p. 1 15. Corolla blue. Thunberg's Ericala. PI. \ foot. 29 E. NUBIANS; leaves spatulate, mucronate, connately sheath- ing, remote ; flowers numerous, pedunculate, nutant ; corolla 10-cleft, twice as long as the calyx; calycine teeth adpressed; capsule cylindrical, sub-truncate ; having thecapoclitim exceed- ing the corolla. O- H. Native of Siberia, on the tops of the Alps, against the river Tschuga, in humid places. Gentiana nu- tans, Bunge, in Ledeb. fl. alt. 1 . p. 284. Drooping-fiowered Ericala. PI. \ foot. 30 E. ROYLEA'NA ; stem much branched, filiform, slender, flexuous ; flowers numerous, solitary, pedicellate : radical leaves large, ovate, mucronately awned, spreading, flat, 3-nerved, glau- cous beneath : cauline ones linear-lanceolate, mucronate : having the top of the keel and edges cartilaginously and minutely den- ticulated ; corolla tubular, 10-cleft ; the accessory segments obtuse, bidentate, much smaller than the other 5, which are lanceolate, acuminated. ©. H. Native of Nipaul ; and the Himalayan, at a place called Khoree Pass, Royle. Gentiana decemfida, D. Don, prod. p. 127. Gentiana Royleana, Wall. cat. no. 4393. Gentiana riparia, Ham. herb. Root simple, fibrotisly branched. Calyx tubular, with long, subulate, setaceously mu- cronate, equal segments. Corolla twice longer than the calyx. Filaments capillary. Anthers incumbent. Ovarium stipitate, 2-edged, cuneeted. Stigmas revolute, nearly terete, minutely papillose. Royle's Ericala. PI. \ to J foot. 31 E. MARGINA'TA (D.Don, mss.) stem erect, branched ; leaves sessile-lanceolate, mucronulate ; with cartilaginous edges ; flowers sessile, fascicled ; corolla tubular, 1 0-cleft : the 5 alternate or accessory segments a little smaller, entire, acute : the other 5 obtuse. Q. F. Native of Nipaul, Kamaon, Silhet, &c. Gentiana pedicellata, Wall. cat. no. 4394. ? confused with Gen- tiana coronata. Root simple, branched at the base. Leaves coriaceous, nerveless. Bracteas similar to the leaves. Teeth of calyx ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, with scarious edges. Corolla azure blue. Filaments flattened. Ovarium fusiform, membranous. Style elevated ; stigma 2-lobed ; lobes flat, ob- tuse, minutely papillous. Habit of Gentiana Rbylei, if Wallich and Royle's plant be the same. Marginate-\ea.veA. Ericala. PI. 1 to 2 inches. 32 E. HU'MILIS ; stem much branched at the base ; branches simple, 1-flowered; leaves oblong- lanceolate, imbricated ; with white cartilaginous edges ; calyx 5-angled, with erect, acute teeth; corolla funnel -shaped, 10-cleft: with lanceolate acute segments, the 5 accessory ones rather the smallest. 0. H. Native of eastern Caucasus, and Siberia, on the mountains, in humid, grassy places. Gentiana humilis, Stev. mem. soc. mosc. 4. p. 258. Bieb. suppl. p. 191. G. aquatica, Pall. fl. ross. 2. t. 97. f. 2. G. aquatica /3, Caucasica, Cav. hort. gorenk. 1812. p. 28. Gent, aquatica /3, Frcel. gent. p. 77. Gentiana humilis aquatica verna, Amm. ruth. t. 1. f. 1. Root slender, white. Leaves glaucous, green : lower ones largest and rounder, becom- ing narrower and acuter as they ascend : cauline ones sheathing. Corolla blue, twice as long as the calyx. Teeth of calyx equal in length to the tube of the corolla. Capsule obovate. Very nearly allied to E. aquatica. Humble Ericala. Fl. April. Clt. 1824. PI. J foot. 33 E. FLA'VA ; stems numerous, 1-flowered; leaves lanceo- late, imbricated : radical ones elliptic, rosulate ; corolla funnel- shaped, 10-cleft; having the 5 accessory segments small and emarginate. 0. H. Native of Bohemia, about Morgen- stern. in dry places. Gentiana flava, Mayer, abh. bohem. gesselsch. 1785. p. 46. t. 1. f. 1. Schultes," oestr. fl. 2d. ed. no. 1012. Hippion imbricatum, Schmidt, bohem. 2. p. 117. Rcem. arch. 1. p. 15. Calyx ventricose, yellowish. Corolla deep yellow, with short, subulate, spreading segments. Stigmas yellow. Said to be intermediate between E. verna and E. prostrata. Yellow-ftoviereA Ericala. PI. 1 inch. 34 E. DOUGLASIA'NA; stem branched, angular ; cauline leaves sessile, broad-ovate, somewhat cordate : radical ones rosulate ; flowers white, pedicellate, by threes from the tops of the branches and stem ; corolla campanulate, 1 0-cleft, the 5 accessory seg- ments small and bifid, the others lanceolate, bluntish. Q. H. Native of the island of Sitcha, and in north-west America. Gentiana Douglasiana, Bongard, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 156. Root perpendicular, fibry. Calyx campanulate, with lanceolate, acute segments. Corolla white, twice as long as the calyx. Anthers oblong. Stigma sessile, 2-lobed. Ovarium oblong, compressed. Douglas's Ericala. PI. \ to f foot. 35 E. ARGE'NTEA (D. Don, mss.) plant of a cinereous grey colour, fascicled or tufted, stemless ; leaves and calyxes lanceo- late, setaceously mucronate, keeled, recurved, with scariously membranous edges ; flowers sessile, terminal, aggregate, brac- teate ; corolla length of calyx, 10-lobed: the 5 accessory seg- ments ovate, obtuse, entire, membranous, smaller than the other 5, which are ovate, acuminated, having their margins involute above. ©.H. Nativeof the Himalaiah. Gentiana argentea, Royle, mss. Root filiform, descending, fibrously branched at the base. Plant composed of very short, crowded, leafy branches. Leaves crowded, recurvedly spreading, silvery, with white, finely serru- lated edges. Calyx tubular; segments and bracteas lanceolate, mucronate, recurved. Filaments subulate. Anthers incumbent. Ovarium cuneate, oblong, sessile. Style elongated. Stigmas obtuse. Silvery Ericala. PI. 1 inch. 36 E. PROCU'MBENS (D.Don, mss.) plant green, annual, of many procumbent stems ; leaves lanceolate, mucronate, emarginate, flat : radical ones large, 3-nerved : cauline ones smaller ; flowers subaggregate, terminal ; calycine segments lanceolate, mucro- nate, recurved ; corolla tubular, 10-cleft, longer than the calyx ; GENTIANEjE. XIII. ERYCALA. XIV. PNECMOXA'STHE. 193 5 of the lobes ovate, acute, and the 5 accessory ones roundish and very short ; capsule cuneate-compressed, winged at top. G- H. Native of Nipaul. Gentiana procumbens, and G. ra- dicata, Royle, mss. Plant tufted ; stems filiform, leafy, pro- cumbent, 1-2 inches long. Flowers on short pedicels. Fila- ments subulate. Style short ; stigmas semicylindrical, revolute. Capsule pedicellate : wings crested. Procumbent Erycala. PI. procumbent. 37 E. CAPITA'TA (D. Don, mss.) stems simple, angular; angles winged ; leaves ovate, petiolate, mucronulate, nerveless ; flowers in dense terminal fascicles, sessile ; calycine segments ovate, keeled, mucronate, recurved, with scarrous edges ; corolla funnel-shaped, 10-lobed : the 5 accessory lobes very short, and crenated : the other 5 ovate, mutic , capsule cuneated, crested at top. G-H. Native of Nipaul. Gentiana capitata, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 1 26. Gent, congesta andG. capitata, Royle, mss. Roots fibry. Bracteas ovate, foliaceous, involucrating, sessile, mucronate. Flowers size of tiiose of Eurythalia campestris ; pale blue. Filaments capillary. Stigmas semicylindrical, revolute. Capitate-fion'ered Erycala. PI. j foot. 38 E. COROXA'TA (D. Don, mss.) plant depressed, tufted, almost stemless ; leaves lanceolate, acute, obsoletely 3-nerved, sessile, spreading, uith cartilaginous edges; flowers aggregate, sessile, involucrated by lanceolate bracteas ; calycine teeth ovate, mucronate, with scarious edges ; corolla tubular, 10-cleft, crowned by a fringed ring ; segments nearly equal, ovate, mu- cronulate. G-H. Native of the Himalaiah, Royle. Gentiana coronata, Royle, mss. Roots filiform, branched. Bracteas con- nate at the base, membranous. Corolla longer than the calyx. Filaments subulate. Anthers oblong. Ovarium sessile. Style elongated. Stigmas semicylindrical, revolute. Crorvned-fio\\ered Erycala. PI. 1 inch, tufted. 39. E. ORBICULA'TA ; stem tetragonal, paniculately branched at top ; leaves roundish, pungently mucronate, recurved, with thick cartilaginous edges ; flowers panicled, solitary, sessile, at the tops of small branches ; calycine segments lanceolate, pun- gently mucronate, as also the segments of the corolla ; accessary segments of corolla small. G. H. Native of East Indies. Gentiana orbiculata, Heyne, herb, ex Wall. cat. no. 4395. Flowers small, blue. Habit of a species of Triptilion. Orbicular-leaved Erycala. PI. 5 to 5 foot. Cult. The species are small alpine plants, bearing blue flowers, which are large in comparison to the size of the plants. They should be grown in small pots, well drained with sherds, in rich light mould, or a mixture of peat, sand, and loam, and placed among other alpine plants. They are either increased by dividing at the root, or by seed, which should be sown as soon as ripe. The annual kinds require the same treatment as the perennial species. XIV. PNEUMONA'NTHE (from ^tv^wr, pneumon, the lungs ; and avzoc, anthos, a flower : used in disorders of the lungs.) Cord. hist. 1. p. 162. f. 2. Lob. icon. 309. Ger. emac. 138. Cyana Renealm. specim. 69. t. 63. — Gentiana species of Lin. and others. Pneumonanthe species, Schmidt. Dasystephana species, Borkh. in Roem. arch. Ciminalis species, Borkh. 1. c. LIN. SYST. Monadelphia Pentandria. Calyx 5-cleft. Co- rolla companulate, or funnel-shaped ; 1 0-cleft, the 5 alternate segments usually small, bifid, or fringed. Stamens 5 ; anthers combined into a tube, or free ; filaments flattened. Stigma 2-lobed or bifid. Capsule 1-celled, 2 valved : seeds angular, oblong. —Glabrous herbs. Leaves opposite, decussate. Flowers terminal, solitary or crowded. § 1. Anthers combined. This action contains the true species of the genus. 1. P. ACAU'LIS (Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. c.) stems tetrago- VOL. rv. nal, 1 -flowered; radical leaves crowded, imbricated; corolla campanulate. 5-cleft ; segments obtuse, mucronate, having as many small accessory segments, y. . H. Native of the Alps of middle Europe, as of Austria, Hungary, and France, as well as of Siberia. Gentiana acaulis, Lin. spec. p. 330. Frcel. gent, p. 57. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1340. Jacq. austr. 2. t. 135, and 125. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1594. Curt. bot. mag. t. 52. Gen- tiana grandiflora, Pers. ench. 1. p. 285. Gentiana acaulis, var. a, grandiflora, Lam. diet. 2. p. 637, no. 9. Ciminalis acaulis, Borkh. in Rcem. arch. 1. p. 26. Ciminalis longiflora, Mcench, meth. p. 514. Ciminalis grandiflora, MayerhoflF, fl. mon. t. 37.— Schmidel, op. gesn. 2. p. 44. t. 27. f. 86.— Barrel, icon. t. 37. Flowers very large, blue, 2 inches long, with 5 yellow marks inside. Stigma orbicular, finely crenulated. Cap- sule semibifid. There are 5 melliferous tubercles at the base of the ovarium. Leaves with cartilaginous margins. Var. ft, grandiflora (Lam. diet. 1. c.) plant very dwarf; leaves) 1-nerved. y.. H. Gentiana acaulis ft, Frcel. gent. 1. c. Thy- lactites, Renealm, specim. p. 70. t. 68. f. 3. Var. -y, caulescens (Lam. diet. 2. p. 638. no. 10.) corolla oblong- campanulate, shorter than the stem ; cauline leaves shorter than the internodes. y. . H. Frcel. gent. 1. c. exclusive of the synonyme of Villars. Gentiana acaulis c. D. C. fl. fr. no. 2770. — Barrel, icon. t. 106. — Bocc. mus. 2. t. 6. Var. £, angustifolia (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 152.) leaves oblong-linear, nerveless : corolla campanulate, exceeding the stem. 1(.. H. Gentiana angustifolia, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 526. no. 7. Gent, acaulis, Lin. and Willd. ex D. C. fl. fr. no. 2770. Pneumonanthe angustifolia, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 14. no. 10. — Lob. icon. 310. — Barrel, icon. t. 110. f. 2. Var. f, biflbra; stem 2-flowered. If. . H. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 523. Var. £,albifibra; corollas white, or nearly so. If,. H. Seg. pi. ver. 3. p. 91. Var. ri, variegata ; leaves variegated. Var. $, fiore-pleno; corollas double. /!ia, sperma, a seed ; seeds beset with excavated dots). D. Don, mss. — Gentiana species, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb. LIN. STST. Polygamia, Dioecia. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla tubular, with a 5-cleft limb and a naked throat. Stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla ; filaments alto- gether adnate to the tube ; anthers incumbent ; cells loose at the base, and diverging. Ovarium fusiform, compressed, 1 -celled, 2-valved ; style hardly any ; stigma capitate, 2-lobed ; lobes very short, revolute, pruinose. Capsule membranous, 1-celled, dehiscing at apex, many seeded ; placentas 2, very narrow ; seeds round, rust coloured, full of excavated dots, disposed in a simple order. — Small, much branched, shrubs. Branches terete, scabrous, from papillae. Leaves opposite, decussate, petiolate, lanceolate, coriaceous, with serrulated margins. Flowers copious, racemosely panicled at the tops of the branches ; corollas small, violaceous. Flowers sometimes smaller and female with the rudiments of stamina ; sometimes larger and hermaphrodite, on distinct plants. This genus has the habit of Mitrasacme, with scabrous branches. 1 G. VIOLA'CEUM (D. Don, mss.) branches scabrous from papillae ; leaves lanceolate, mucronate. Jj . S. Native of Peru. Gentiana violacea, Ruiz et Pav. mss. ex herb. Lamb. Calycine segments lanceolate, mucronate, 3-nerved. Corolla twice longer than the calyx ; lobes roundish, crenulated. Fioiaceotw-flowered Glyphospermum. Shrub \\ foot. 2 G. ORNA^TTJM (D. Don, mss.) branches glabrous ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse. Tj . S. Native of Peru, at Guayaquil, Tafalla. Branches subtetragonal. Flowers larger than those of the first species, violaceous ? Calycine segments ovate- lanceolate. Corolla twice longer than the calyx : with flat, roundish, quite entire lobes. Decked Glyphospermum. Shrub Ij foot. Cult. For culture and propagation see Tachia, p. 1 97. cc 2 196 GENTIANE^E. XVI. SELATIUM. XVII. ULOSTOMA. XVIII. SCHULTESIA. XVI. SELATIUM (from j . '"'. G. Native of China, and Cochinchina. Gentiana scandens, Lour. coch. p. 171. Stem large, woody ; branches long, scandent. Corolla with a large tube, which is grey outside, with distinct white dots, and fur- nished with dense purple hairs inside; linib short, spreading, white, bluntly 5-cleft ; segments for the most part laciniately plicate. Capsule roundish. Loureiro's Crawfurdia. Shrub climbing. Cult. Crawfurdia is a genus of very showy, twining plants. They will grow very well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and may either be increased by cuttings or seeds. Should the seeds of any of the species ever be introduced to our gardens, we would recommend their being reared on a hot bed in spring, and in the middle of May the plants so reared to be trans- planted out in the open border, against a south wall, and other- wise treated as the hardy species of Convolvulus. Sub- Tribe II. COUTOU'BE^E (this sub-tribe agrees with GENTIANE.E. XXX. COCTOUBEA. XXXI. ADENEMA. XXXII. SCHCBLERIA. 201 the genus Coutoubea ; in the capsule being 2-celled.) Capsule 2-celled, in consequence of the edges of the valves being bent into the central placenta ; margins of valves placentiferous. Anthers remaining unchanged even in the old state. XXX. COUTOU'BEA (the Caribbean name of one of the species.) Aubl. guian. 1. p. 72. — Cotubea, Mart, nov, gen. bras. 2. p. 110. — E'xaciim species, Vahl. LIN. SYST. Tetratidria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, 4-parted. Corolla salver-shaped, with an equal cylindrical tube, a naked throat, and a 4-parted limb. Stamens 4, exserted ; filaments bidentate at the base ; anthers sagittate, unchanged in the dried state. Stigma bilammellate. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded ; seeds very minute. — Glabrous herbs or subshrubs, erect, rarely tw ining. Stems obscurely tetragonal, usually branched; branches opposite, and thickened at the nodi. Leaves opposite, decussate, sessile, 1 -nerved, thinnish, veined. Flowers disposed in terminal and lateral spikes or racemes, dense or loose, tribracteate, white. * Flowers tetramerotu. 1 C. DEKSIFLORA (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 111. t. 185.) stem simple at bottom ; leaves sessile, rounded at the base, and half stem-clasping, lanceolate, long-acuminated ; spikes ter- minal and lateral, cylindrical, dense-flowered : throat of corolla irrorate. Q. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Bahia, in dry fields, at Villa da Caxoeira, at the altitude of from 200 to 400 feet. Corolla with a green tube ; throat bedewed with black ; limb white. Dense-jloirered Coutoubea. PI. 2-3 feet. i C. SPICA'TA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 72. t. 27.) stem erect, branched ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both ends ; spikes terminal, elongated, loose ; flowers decussate, rather close toge- ther. 0 . S. Native of Cayenne, Guiana ; in the northern part of Brazil, as of Maranham and Para, &c. Meyer, ess. p. 87. Cotubea spicata, Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 112. Coutoubea alba, Lam. ill. 2. p. 319. t. 79. E'xacum spicatum, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 17. Corollas white, reddish in the throat. Spicate-Qon-ered Coutoubea. Fl. July, August. Clt. 1823. PI. 2-3 feet. 3 C. RAMOS A (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 74. t. 28.) stem divaricately branched ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends ; spikes terminal and axillary, the lower part leafy ; flowers decussate, remote. 0. S. Native of Guiana and Brazil, in dry fields. Cotubea ramosa, Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 112. — E'xacum ramosum, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 17. Corollas white. Branched Coutoubea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. PI. 1-2 feet. 4 C. MINOR (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer, 3. p. 181.) stem dichotomous ; branches tetragonal ; leaves oblong, acute ; spikes terminal, flowers decussate. © S. Native in humid places, on the banks of the Orinoco, near the falls of Ature. Corolla white. Smaller Coutoubea. PI. -^ foot. * * Flowers pentamerous. 5 C. VERTICILLATA (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 48.) stem simple ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, nerved ; flowers verticillate, axillary : calycine segments longer than the capsule. ©. S. Native of the West Indies. Gentiana verticillaris, Lin. spec. 333. E'xacum verticillatum, Willd. spec. 1. p. 640.— Plum. icon. 81. f. Z. Corollas white. JTAorfed-flowered Coutoubea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PL 1J foot. 6 C. VOLC'BIXIS (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 112.) stem twining, rather scandent, slender ; leaves lanceolate, long-acu- minated, acute at the base ; spikes terminal, few-flowered ; VOL. IV. flowers pentandrous, pentamerous, remote. 1J. w. S. Native of St. Domingo. Lisianthus scandens, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 587. Corollas cream-coloured. Training Coutoubea. Shrub twining. Cult. The species of Coutoubea are of easy culture, requiring the same treatment as other tender annuals. XXXI. ADENE^MA (from a£iji>, aden, a gland ; and rrjfia, nema, a. filament ; filaments furnished with a swelled gland at the insertion of each). Gentiana and E'xacum species of authors. Liu. SYST. Penlandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft. Stamens 5 ; filaments short, each fur- nished with a gland at its insertion ; anthers incumbent, inclosed. Style single, length of filaments ; stigma large, 2-lobed. Cap- sule 1-celled, 2-valved ; seeds scobiform, fixed to parietal, linear placentas, which adhere to the margins of the valves. An erect, perennial plant, with creeping roots ; sessile, lanceolate, opposite, decussate, 3-nerved leaves ; tetragonal, simple stems ; and axillary, sessile, small white flowers, gene- rally 3 in the axils of each leaf, and therefore appearing as if they were verticillate. 1 A. HYSSOPIFOLIDM ; I/ . S. Native of the East Indies, in moist uncultivated grounds, flowering during the wet season. Gentiana verticillata, Linn, suppl. 1 74. E'xacum hyssopifblium, Willd. spec. 1. p. 640. — Burm. afr. t. 74. f. 3. Hyssop-leaned Adenema. PI. -J to 1 foot. Cult. This is a plant of easy culture. Any light rich soil will suit it ; and it will be readily increased by dividing the plant at the root. It should have plenty of water given to it when in a growing state. XXXII. SCHUBLFRIA (named after Gustavus Schubler, professor of botany at Tubingen). Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 113. — Curtia, Schlecht, in Linnaea, 1. p. 209. — Thurnhausera, spec. Pohl. in litt. LIN. SYST. Pentamdria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla tubularly-subcampanulate, equal, with a 5-cleft limb, and a naked throat. Stamens 5, minute ; anthers oblong. Stigma simple, penicillately glandular. Capsule 2-valved, 2-ceUed, many-seeded. Seeds ovate or obovate, minute, angular. — Annual, erect, glabrous, slender herbs. Stems tetragonal, sim- ple, or branched ; branches opposite, dichotomous. Leaves sessile, opposite, or verticillate, narrow. Inflorescence panicled, loose, or crowded, terminal and lateral ; peduncles bracteolate. Flowers small, rose-coloured, or yellow. 1. S. DIFFU'SA (Mart. 1. c. p. 114. t. 186. f. 1.) stem slender, spreadingly pauicled ; leaves subpetiolate, 3-4 in a whorl, ovate, acute ; corollas hardly twice longer than the calyx ; seg- ments ovate-roundish. 0. S. Native of Brazil, on the ascent of high mountains, in marshy, grassy places, at the altitude of 4000 feet. E'xacum brachiatum, Spix et Mart. reis. 1. p. 397. Corollas yellow ; throat constricted, downy inside. Diffuse Schubleria. PI. ± to f foot. 2 S. CONFE'RTA (Mart. 1. c. p. 115. 1. 186. f. 2.) stem straight, terminated by a short, crowded, panicle ; leaves sessile ; 3-4 in a whorl, broad, ovate, acute ; corolla hardly twice as long as the calycine segments, which are setaceous ; segments of corolla ovate, obtuse. Q. S. Native of Brazil, in the mine provinces, in marshes, particularly on Serro Frio. Corollas yellow. Crowded Schubleria. PI. | foot. 3 S. STRATA (Mart. 1. c. p. 116. t. 187.) stem straight, simple at bottom ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, ovate, acuminated, 3-nerved ; panicles corymbose, coarctate ; corolla more than twice as long as the calyx : with rounded segments. ©. S. Native of Brazil, in humid places, near Tejuco, and elsewhere in the dia- mond district ; also on Serra de St. Antonia. Sabbatia verti- D d 202 GENTIANjEE. XXXIII. HELIA. XXXIV. EUDOXIA. XXXV. CHIRONIA. cillaris, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 580. Curtia gentianoides, Schlecht. in Linnaea, 1. p. 210. Corolla rose-coloured. Straight Schubleria. Fl. May, June. PL 1-2 feet. 4 S. PA'TULA (Mart. 1. c. p. 117. t. 188.) stem dichotomous, spreading ; branches slender ; leaves opposite, linear ; panicles spreading ; corolla 3 times higher than the calyxes, with acutish segments. O- S. Native of Brazil, in the mine provinces, especially in marshy, grassy places, at the altitude of 2900 feet, on Serra do Itambe, and in the province of Goyaz, between Carretao and Crixas. Corolla having the tube white at the base, and a rose-coloured limb. Spreading Schubleria. Fl. May. PI. 1 to l£ feet. 5 S. TENE'LLA (Mart. 1. c. p. 117.) stem filiform, nearly sim- ple ; leaves opposite, narrow-linear, or subulate ; panicles corymbose ; corolla hardly twice the height of the calyx. O-S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz. Corollas yellow. Weak Schubleria. PI. £ to f foot. 6 S. TENUIFOLIA ; stem simple ; leaves linear-lanceolate, opposite ; panicles dichotomous ; calycine segments lanceolate- subulate ; flowers small. O-S. Native of Guiana. Exacum tenuifolium, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 68. t. 26. f. 2. Flowers small, red. Fine-leaved Schubleria. PI. § foot. Cult. For culture and propagation see Schultesia, p. 196. XXXIII. HE'LIA (from l\oc, helos, a marsh ; habitation of species). Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 122. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, 5-parted ; segments erect, with membranous margins. Corolla salver-shaped, with a sub-oblique, 5-parted, marcescent limb ; a cylindrical tube, which is inflated in the middle, or unequal ; throat naked. Anthers oblong, emarginate at both ends. Stigma of 2 cylindrical legs, not bilamellate. Capsule 2-valved, 2- celled, many-seeded. Seeds small, nearly globose, or angular. — Glabrous herbs, with perpendicular roots. Stems terete, fistu- lar, simple. Leaves opposite, decussate, sessile, confluent at the base, marginated, quite entire, having the middle nerve running out, and the lateral ones vanished. Flowers cream-coloured or green, disposed in coarctate, bracteate, few-flowered pa- nicles. 1 H. OBLONGIFOLIA (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 123. t. 191.) leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse ; tube of corolla slender, 3 times longer than the limb, which is finely denticu- lated. O- S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul, in marshes. Panicle dichotomous. Corollas pale cream-coloured. Stem quite simple. Oblong-leaved Helia. PI. 3 feet. 2 H. SPATULA'TA (Mart. 1. c. p. 124.) leaves oblong-spatu- late ; tube of corolla twice as long as the limb, which is quite entire. Q. S. Native of the south of Brazil; and of the island of Pararuma, in the Orinoco, in hot humid places. Lisianthus spatulatus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 181. Corollas green. Stem quite simple. Spatulate-leaved Helia. PI. 2-3 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Schultesia, p. 196. XXXIV. EUDO'XIA (from tv, eu, well, and Sofa, doxa, glory, in reference to the beauty of the species). D. Don, mss. Gentiana species, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Digynia. Calyx campanulate, mem- branous, semiquinquifid ; segments lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved. Corolla campanulate, 5-parted ; segments elliptic, obtuse, nerved, convolutely imbricated in aestivation. Stamens 5, adnate to the tube of the corolla, at the base, inclosed ; filaments chan- nelled inside ; anthers linear, incumbent. Ovarium fusiform, 2-celled, 2-valved, 2 inches long. Stigma 2-lobed, sessile ; lobes 12 dilated, roundish, revolute. Ovula disposed in one series in each cell, orbicular, peltate, concave on one side, with membranous edges. — Perennial, erect herbs. Leaves opposite or verticillate, nerved. Flowers large, drooping, showy, disposed in terminal, thyrsoid panicles. 1 E. FORMOSISSIMA (D. Don, mss.) stems erect, angular, solid ; lower leaves opposite ; upper ones as if they were 5 in a whorl, sessile at intervals of 2 inches, all 5 nerved ; flowers numerous, disposed in terminal, oblong, thyrsoid panicles. 1£ . F. Native of Peru, Ruiz et Pav. Stem an inch thick. Leaves 2 inches long, lanceolate, acute, distant, glabrous, greyish green. Pedicels 1 -flowered, 1^ to 2 inches long. Corollas large, scarlet. Ovarium fusiform. Most showy Eudoxia. PI. erect. 2 E. PE'NDULA (D. Don. mss.) stems erect, terete ; leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, many-nerved ; flowers numerous, disposed in thyrsoid, oblong panicles. %. F. Native of Peru. Very nearly allied to the preceding, but differing in the leaves and calycine segments being broader, long-acumi- nated, and many-nerved, and in the stamens and peduncles being terete. Corolla violaceous, barely longer than the calyx. Stem purplish, thickness of a writing quil. Pendulous-fiovtered Eudoxia. PI. erect. Cult. Should either of the species of Eudoxia ever be intro- duced to our gardens, we would recommend their being grown in pots, in a mixture of peat and sand, with the addition of a little loam ; and in winter to be placed on a shelf in a green- house or frame until their hardiness be ascertained. Sub-tribe III. CHIRO'NI^! (this tribe agrees with the genus Chironia, in the anthers being changed in the old state.) Capsule 1 -celled, 2-valved; margins of valves inflexed, seminiferous. Anthers changed in the old state. XXXV. CHIRO'NIA (from the centaur Chiron). Lin. gen. no. 255. Schreb. 349. Jus. gen. p. 142. Gaertn. fruct. 1. t. 114. Lam. ill. t. 108. Chironia, sect, verse, Cham, in Lin- naea, 6. p. 343. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla salver-shaped, with a narrow tube and a spreading limb, which is longer than the tube. Stamens 5 ; filaments broad, short, rising from the top of the tube ; anthers oblong, erect, connivent, at length spirally twisted. Style declinate, a little longer than the stamens. Stigma capitate, assurgent. Capsule ovate, 1 -celled, 2-valved. Seeds numerous. — Small shrubs. Stems simple, or branched. Leaves sessile, opposite, decussate. Flowers ter- minal, red, or white. 1 C. JASMINOIUES (Lin. spec. 272. amcen. 4. p. 84. Cham, in Linnsea, 6. p. 344.) glabrous ; stem tetragonal ; leaves lanceolate, linear; panicles dichotomous, or flowers terminal, solitary on the tops of the branches ; calycine segments acute, keeled, miich shorter than the capsule, which is cylindrically oblong. I? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 35, and in Lin. trans. 7. p. 251. Ker. hot. reg. 1. 197. Lodd. bot. cab. 27. Ch. uniflora, Link. Lam. diet. 1. p. 737. ill. 1. 108. f. 3. Segments of calyx lanceolate, acuminated, length of the tube of the corolla. Corolla red or purplish ; segments ovate, acuminated, length of tube. Jasmine-like Chironia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub 1-2 feet. 2 C. IYCHNOIDES (Lin. syst. p. 229. mant. 207.) glabrous ; stem simple, terete ; leaves linear, lanceolate ; peduncles ter- minal, elongated, usually by threes. f; . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the summits of mountains. Thunb. prod. p. 35. and in Lin. trans. 7. p. 252. Berg. cap. p. 45. Lateral bracteas subulate. Calycine segments lanceolate-subu- GENTIAN.EE. XXXV. CHIROJJIA. XXXVI. ROSLINIA. XXXVII. ERYTHR*A. 203 late keeled. Corolla purple ; tube length of calyx ; segments of the limb ovate, acute, longer than the tube. Lychnis-like Chironia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub 1 -2 feet. 3 C. MELAMPYRIFOLIA (Lam. ill. p. 479. no. 2175.) stem nearly simple, terete ; leaves lanceolate, with decurrent sides, as in the preceding ; flowers pedicellate, axillary, disposed in a terminal panicle. I? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Calycine segments straight, acute, shorter than the tube of the corolla. Segments of corolla longer than the tube. Perhaps only a variety of C. lychnotdet. Melampyrum-leaced Chironia. Shrub 1-2 feet. 4 C. NUDICAU'LIS (Lin. syst p. 229. suppl. 151. Cham, in Linnaea, 6. p. 344-.) herbaceous ; glabrous ; leaves of different forms, ovate-oblong, bluntish : radical ones often rosulate ; stems many, simple, subtetragonal, bearing each 2 opposite lan- ceolate leaves, and 1 flower : superior internodes elongated ; seg- ments of calyx subulate, equal in length to the capsule, which is cylindrically oblong, "if.. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the top of the Table Mountain. Thunb. prod. 1. p. 35. and in Lin. trans. 7. p. 249. t. 12. f. 3. C. jasminoides, Lam. diet. 1. p. 736. ill. t. 108. f. 2. Corolla purple. Calycine segments length of the tube of the corolla. Var. a, tabularis (Cham, in Linnaea, 6. p. 344.) lower leaves elliptic, bluntish. Var. j3, elongata (Eklon, mss. Cham. 1. c.) lower leaves linear- lanceolate. Salted-stemmed Chironia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 foot. 5 C. LINOIDES (Lin. hort. cliff. 54. spec. 272.) glabrous ; stem branched ; branches terete, fastigiate ; leaves linear, erect, fleshy, acute ; peduncles terminal, elongated ; calycine segments acute, 1 -nerved ; capsule elliptic. lj . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, Thunb. prod. p. 35. and in Lin. trans. 7. p. 252. Curt. bot. mag. t. 511. Cb. vulgaris, Cham, in Linnaea, 6. p. 343. — Breyn. cent. p. 175. t. 90. Calycine segments lanceolate, shorter than the tube of the corolla. Corolla red, with ovate- oblong, obtuse segments. Anthers not spiral, but incurved. Stem nodulose. far. a, Imvidcs (Cham. 1. c.) shrub taller, looser ; leaves broader, flat ; calycine segments narrow, 1-nerved. far. /3, intermedia (Cham. 1. c.) dwarfer ; leaves narrower ; calycine segments triangular, 1-3 nerved, sometimes short, and sometimes drawn out. Var. -f, lychnoides (Cham. 1. c.) calycine segments dilated, subauriculate, short. Ch. lychnoides, Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 1. p. 190. Var. /3, and y, a, probably of Lin. and Thunb. Ch. emarginata, Jarouz, pi. nov. cap. 1821. p. 11. Flax-like Chironia. Fl. July, Sept, Clt. 1787. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. 6 C. SERPYLLIFOLIA (Lehm. sem. hort. Hamb. 1828. p. 16. Linnaea, 5. p. 362.) stems weak, tetragonal, glabrous ; leaves ovate, nearly sessile, thick, dotted beneath ; peduncles terminal, solitary ; calycine segments subulate. (? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Stems many from the same root ; corym- bose at top. Corolla rose-coloured, about the size of those of Ch. baccifera. Perhaps a species of Roslinia. Wild 'Thyme-leated Chironia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1829. Shrub 1 foot. 7 C. TETRAGOKA (Lin. syst. 229. supp. 151.) glabrous; branches tetragonal ; leaves ovate, 3-nerved, bluntish ; flowers terminal, solitary ; calycine segments bluntish, keeled, clammy, 3 times shorter than the corolla. \j . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, Thunb. in Lin. trans. 7. p. 249. t. 12. f. 2. Co- rollas purple. Perhaps a species of Roslinia. Tetragonal-branched Chironia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824, Shrub 1-2 feet. Cult. Peat with a little loam is the best soil for the species of this genus ; and young cuttings planted in the same kind of soil, with a hand-glass placed over them, strike root readily. Although said to be shrubs, none of the species are long lived ; and therefore frequently require to be raised from seeds or cuttings. They are all pretty plants when in blossom. XXXVI. ROSLI'NIA (meaning unknown to us). Mcench, meth. supp. p. 211. — Chir6nia species, Lin. and others. — Chi- ronia, sect. Spuriae, Chara. in Linnaea, 6. p. 344. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monog^nia. Calyx 5-parted, with short, subulate segments. Corolla salver- shaped, with ovate, acute, short segments. Stamens 5 ; filaments short ; anthers oblong, spiral. Style declinate ; stigma peltate. Berry fleshy, 1 -celled, many-seeded. Seeds rather compressed, nearly glo- bose, dark, wrinkled from dots. Small shrubs, with opposite, decussate leaves, and terminal, solitary, rose-coloured, or yellow flowers. 1 R. BACCIFERA (McEncb, 1. c.) branches subtetragonal; leaves opposite, decussate, glabrous, linear-lanceolate, sessile, decurrent, with reflexed edges, longer than the internodes ; flowers terminal, solitary ; calycine segments 1 -nerved, acute, propping the much larger globose berry. J? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Chironia baccifera, Lin. spec. 273. Thunb. prod. p. 33. and in Lin. trans. 7. p. 255. Curt. bot. mag. 233. — Commel. rar. t. 9. Flowers red. Berry-bearing Roslinia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Shrub 1-2 feet. 2 R. ANGUSTIFOLIA ; glabrous ; branches terete ? ; leaves linear, spreading ; calyx ovate ; corollas clammy : segments cuneated, acuminated ; calycine segments acute, conniving at the points ; flowers solitary, terminal. ^ . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Chironia angustifolia, Hort. Kew. ex. Sims, bot. mag. t. 818. Flowers red, large. Narrow-leaved Roslinia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 foot. 3 R. FRCTE'SCENS ; downy ; stem and branches terete ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, rather tomentose, as well as the branches and calyxes; flowers terminal, corymbose; calycine segments obtuse, almost nerveless, inclosing a lanceolate, elliptic berry. I? . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, Chironia frutescens, Lin. spec. 270. amoen. 4. p. 308. Mill. fig. t. 97. Lam. ill. t. 108. f. 1. Curt. bot. mag. t. 37. — Commel. rar. t. 8. Corolla large, of an elegant red. Var. /3 ; leaves narrow-linear ; flowers large, red. ^ . G. Chironia frutescens, /3, Lam. diet. 1. p. 737. — Burm. aft. 205. t. 74. f. 1. Var.y,decussiUa; plant more tomentose ; leaves more crowded; branches very short ; flowers rather larger. Tj . G. Chironia decussata, Vent. eels. t. 31. Curt. bot. mag. t. 707. Chironia frutescens /3, latifolia, Wendl. coll. t. 4. Var. I, glabra (Cham, in Linnaea, 6. p. 344.) plant glabrous. Var. £, albiflara; flowers pure white. Fntescent Roslinia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1756. Shrub, 1-2 feet. Cult. See Chironia above for culture and propagation. XXXVII. ERYTHRJE'A (from epvOpoc, erythrot, red flowers). Renealm, spec. 77. t. 76. Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 28. Richard in Pers. ench. 1. p. 283. R. Br. prod. p. 45. Schkuhr, handb. t. 59. Chironia andGentiana species of authors. Lrs. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx subpentagonal, 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped, marcescent, with a short limb. Anthers spiral, in the old state ; style erect. Stigmas 2, roundish. Capsule linear, 2-valved. — Small annual glabrous plants. Leaves Dd 2 204 GENTIANJEE. XXXVII. ERYTHEMA. sessile, opposite, decussate ; radical ones rosulate, 3-5 nerved. Flowers terminal, sessile, or pedicillate, red or yellow. § 1 Flowers sessile, or on very short, hardly evident pedicels. 1 E. CENTAU'RIUM (Pers. ench. 1. p. 283.) stem tetragonal, dichotomously panicled, corymbose ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved ; calyx shorter than the tube of the corolla. 0. H. Native throughout Europe, in dry gravelly pastures ; in several parts of Britain, common. Willd. enum. 1. p. 247. Chirdnia Centaurium, With. p. 237. Curt. fl. lond. t. 247. Smith, fl. brit. p. 257. engl. bot. t. 417. Heyne, getr. darst. t. 29. Jaume St. Hil. fasc. 24. t. 1. Wood. med. bot. 435. t. 157. Mayerhoffer, fl. monac. t. 5. Gentiana Centaurium, Lin. spec. 332. Oed. fl. dan. 617. Bull. herb. t. 253. Plenck. off. t. 175. Centaurium vulgare, Rafin. soel. p. 68. Hippocentaurium Centaurium, Schult. cestr. fl. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 283. Centaurium minus, Cam. epit. 428, &c. Calycine segments subulate. Corollas rose-coloured ; segments elliptic. This is a pure bitter, and agrees, in this respect, with other Gentianeous plants. Par. [3, majus (Schmidt, fl. boh. 2. p. 31.) radical leaves spatu- late ; stem 2 feet high, branched ; branches all axillary, twiggy, trichotomous at the apex; branchlets dichotomous, 3-flowered ; calyx 3 times shorter than the tube of corolla. Q. H. Bohemia. Far. y, medium (Schmidt, 1. c.) radical leaves broader, obovate-roundish, 5-nerved : cauline ones half stem-clasping, ovate-obtuse ; stem a foot high, branched at the base ; branches erect, simple, trichotomous at the apex ; branchlets trifid, 3-flowered ; bracteas setaceous ; calyx length of the tube of the corolla. ©. H. Bohemia. Far. I, minus (Schmidt, 1. c.) radical leaves obovate ; lower cauline ones oblong : superior ones linear, all obtuse ; stem simple, erect, a ringer in height, bi-trichotomous, 2-3-flowered, one of the flowers sessile, and the other pedicellate. Q. H. Bohemia. Far. e, palustre (Schmidt, 1. c.) radical leaves as in var. > ; stem a hand high, and the branches dichotomous ; cauline leaves oblong, acutish. Q. H. Bohemia. Var, 7, colllnum (Schmidt, I.e.) radical leaves rather scabrous. Q. H. Bohemia. Var. TI, Broterii ; leaves 3-nerved : lower ones oblong : upper ones lanceolate-linear ; calyx much shorter than the tube of the corolla, which is filiform ; segments of corolla bluntish. Q. H. Native of Portugal. Gentiana Centaurium, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 276. This differs from the species, in the superior leaves being narrower, and in the filiform tube of the corolla. Var. 0, grandtflora ; larger than the species ; limb of corolla larger, concave ; segments broad. Q- H. Native of Europe, in moist places. E. Centaurium ft, Pers. ench. 1. p. 283. Cen- taurium erythrae a, Rafin and Schousboe. Var. i, albiflbra ; flowers white. N. B. See Wallr. ann. bot. p. 34. and Spreng. obs. bot. p. 10. in which Chironia Centaurium, Ch. pulchella, and Ch. maperta, are found under one specific name. Centaury Gentian, or Lesser Centaurv. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. i to 1 foot. 2 E. CACHANLAHU'AN (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 167.) branches spreading ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, veinless ; calyx angular, quinquifid, length of the tube of the corolla ; calycine segments connivent ; segments of corolla suberose at the apex. O- H. Native of Chili. Cachanlahuan, Molin. chil. ed. 2d. p. 124. Chironia Chilensis, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1667. Gentiana Peruviana, Lam. diet. 2. p. 642. Cahan Laguen, Feuill. per. 2. t. 35. Stem dichotomous, and corymbose at the top. This is the Cahan Laguen of Chili, a famous stomachic medicine of that country. Arnott does not think that the E. Quittnsis is specifically distinct from the present, although the flowers are said to follow the quaternary division. Though it is medicinally used in Peru, Humboldt never saw it while there ; but it was cultivated in the plains of Chiloe, the inhabitants of which may have originally brought it with them from Chili, where it is a native. Cachanlahuan Lesser Centaury. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. £ to 1 foot. 3 E. QUITE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 178. ; much branched ; branches dichotomous ; leaves 3-nerved, lower ones oblong, upper ones lanceolate ; flowers terminal, lateral, and axillary, on long pedicels ; calyx equal in length to the tube of the corolla; parts of flower quaternary. Q. H. Native of Quito, in temperate places, where it is called Cachanlagua ; and of Chiloe. E'xacum Quitense, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 425. Stem and branches tetragonal. Calycine segments linear, acute, furnished with a narrow membraneous line on the back, and diaphanous margins. Corolla rose-coloured, with a cylindrical tube, and oblong, obtuse, equal segments. Capsule oblong, 2-celled, 2-valved. This differs from the preceding in the tetra- merous flowers. Quito Lesser Centaury. PI. 5 to 1 foot. 4 E. LATIFOLIA (Smith, engl. fl. 1. p. 321.) stem 3-cleftat top; leaves roundish-elliptic, 5-7-nerved ; flowers terminal, fascicu- late ; tube of corolla equal in length to the calyx ; segments of the limb lanceolate. 0. H. Native of England, on the sea-shore of Lancashire, and to the north of Liverpool ; and of the county of Down, Ireland. Chironia Centaurium, var. 2. Smith, fl. brit. p. 1393. Corollas pink. Broad-leaved Lesser Centaury. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. A foot. 5 E. CAPITA'TA (Willd. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 168.) leaves elliptic-lanceolate or obovate, 3-5-nerved ; flowers capi- tate, bracteate. ©. H. Native, country unknown. This is said to be a very showy species. Capitate-fiovtered Lesser Centaury. PI. 5 to g foot. 6 E. CONFE'RTA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 283.) plant erect, dwarf, branched ; leaves ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved ; flowers sessile, fas- cicled, crowded ; calyx about equal in length to the middle of the tube of the corolla. I/ . H. Native of Spain. Corollas red. Very nearly allied to E. spicata. Crowded-flowered Lesser Centaury. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI. i to i foot. 7 E. AGGREGA'TA (Sweet, fl. gard. t. 137.) stems tetragonal, much branched, decumbent ; branches dichotomous, aggregate, few-flowered ; flowers sessile ; leaves spatulate, obtuse, 1 -nerved, tapering into the petioles at the base ; bracteas linear, obtuse, rather longer than the calyx ; calyx twice shorter than the tube of the corolla. $ . S. Native of the south of Europe. Flowers beautiful, rose-coloured. Segments of corolla oval, obtuse. Stem and branches tetragonal. Aggregate Lesser Centaury. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1824. PI. i foot. 8 E. LITTORA'LIS (Fries, nov. fl. suec. p. 30.) stem simple or branched, dwarf, tetragonal ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse ; flowers crowded, sessile, fasciculate ; calyx about equal in length to the tube of the corolla. ©. H. Native of Britain, on the sea coast; and of Sweden, near Gottenburg, and of Holland. Chi- ronia littoralis, Turn, and Dillw. guide, p. 469. Smith, engl. bot. 2305. Chir6nia pulchella, Don, fl. brit. fasc. 1. no. 7. Co- rollas pink. This species differs from E. conferta in the shape of the leaves and length of the tube of the corolla. Sea-shore Lesser Centaury. Fl. June, July. England. PI. i foot. 9 E. SPICA'TA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 283. Smith, fl. grasc. t. 238.) branches dichotomous, tetragonal ; leaves lanceolate- GENTIANE.E. XXXVII. ERYTHR^A. :>05 oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved ; flowers subsecund ; calyxes and bracteas about equal in length to the tube of the corolla. Q. H. Native of Italy, Greece, and France, in humid places. Gentiana spicata, Lin. spec. p. 333. Chironia spicata, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1069. — Barrel, icon. t. 1242. Flowers alternate, spicate ; segments of corolla ovate-lanceolate. Corollas red or pink. J'ar. p, fore-albo; flowers white. Matin, comm. p. 488. f. 2. C. Bauh. prod. 130. •S/jiA-e-flowered Lesser Centaury. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PL J to 1 foot. 10 E. ALOPECUROIDES ; stems somewhat tetragonal, dicho- tomously branched ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 1 -nerved ; lower ones spatulate : upper ones narrower, acute ; flowers sessile, secund, crow ded, subspicate ; corolla funnel-shaped, with an acute, spreading-limb. O- H. Native country unknown. Gentiana alopecuroides, Lam. diet. 2. p. 643. Calyx angular at the base, with linear-subulate, erect segments, length of tube of the corolla. Very like E. spicata. Fox-tail-like Lesser Centaury. PI. ^ foot. 11 E. AUSTRA'LIS (R. Br. prod. p. 451.) leaves oval-lanceo- late, obtuse, 3-nerved ; flowers subsecund, almost sessile ; su- perior bracteas shorter than the calyx. O- H. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Very nearly allied to E. spicata. Southern Lesser Centaury. PI. 3 foot. 1-2 E. CLIGINOSA (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 3. t. 258.) stem simple, tetragonal, compressed, dichotomously corymbose at top, scabrous from pubescence, as well as the leaves and calyxes ; leaves 3-nerved ; radical ones obovate-spatulate : cauline ones linear, acute ; calyx length of the tube of the co- rolla. 0. H. Native of Pannonia, and several other parts of the south of Europe, in humid meadows. E. paludosa, Schrad. E. compressa, Hayne. E. angustifolia, Wallr. Hippocen- tauria uliginosa, Schultes, oestr. fl. 1 . p. 389. Stem simple and branched. Calyx sometimes shorter than the tube of the corolla. The roughness all over the plant from short hairs is perfectly manifest under a microscope. Bog Lesser Centaury. Fl. Ju. July. PI. £ to 1 foot, § 2. Flowers pedicellate. 13 E. ZMARGINA'TA (Waldst. et Kit. pi. rar. hung. 3. t. 275.) stem tetragonal, dichotomous at top ; angles diaphanous ; leaves oblong-ovate, obsoletely 5-nerved ; flowers pedicellate ; seg- ments of corolla oblong, emarginate at the apex. Q. H. Na- tive of Pannonia, about Pesth. Hippocentauria emarginata, Schultes, oestr. fl. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 390. Leaves shorter than the internodes, with diaphanous edges. Calycine segments subu- late. Corolla with a white or pale purple limb. .Emarginafe-petalled Lesser Centaury. Fl. PI. 3 foot. 14 E. PULCHE'LLA (Fries, nov. fl. suec. p. 30.) dwarf, much branched ; branches tetragonal ; leaves short, ovate or oval, 3-nerved : cauline ones equal in length to the internodes ; flowers in loose panicles, destitute of scales at the base ; calyx nearly as long as the tube of the corolla ; style simple. O- H. Native throughout Europe, in the sand by the sea- side, and in moist meadows ; as well as of Caucasus. In Britain, on the sandy sea-coast of England and Scotland. E. ramosissima, Pers. ench. 1. p. 283. E. palustris, Schrad. new- journ. 4. p. 78. E. pulchella a and /3 inaperta, Link et Hoffmans. fl. port. 1. p. 253. Chironia pulchella, Smith, fl. brit. 258. engl. bot. t. 458. Chironia pulchella /3, D. C. fl. fr. no. 2781. Gentiana ramosissima, Vill. delph. 2. p. 530. Chi- ronia Gerardi, Schmidt, fl. bohem. 2. no. 131. Chironium centaurium of many authors. Gentiana Centaurium /3, Lin. spec. p. 333. Chironia Centaurium p, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1068. Chironia inaperta of many authors. Hippocentauria pulchella, Schultes, oestr. fl. ed. 2d, 1. p. 389. — Vaill. bot. par. 32. t. 6. f. 1. Corollas slender, rose-coloured. From the flowers closing at 1 1 o'clock in the evening, it has been con- fused with Chironia inaperta, or E'xacum pusillum. Var.fi; stem simple, few-flowered. G- H. Native along with the species. Chironia pulchella, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1067. Gentiana pulchella, Swartz, act. holm. 1783. p. 84. t. 3. f. 8-9. Willd. spec. 1 . p. 1067. Erythrse'a pumila, Dietr. gart. lex. suppl. 2. p. 249.? Gentiana palustris, Lam. ill. no. 2221. Chironia pulchella y, D. C. 1. c. Flowers rose coloured. Neat Lesser Centaury. Fl. Aug. Sept. Britain. PI. £ to \ foot. 15 E. TENUIFLORA (Link et Hoffmans. fl. port. 1. p. 354.) stem erect, dichotomously branched at top, tetragonal ; leaves oblong and lanceolate, 3-nerved, acute ; tube of corolla much longer than the calyx ; segments of corolla very narrow, acute. O- H. Native of Portugal, on the sea-shore, near Acosta. Gentiana ramosissima, Brot. fl.lus. 1. p. 279. Flowers in the forks hardly pedicellate. Calycine segments linear, unequal. Corolla with a red limb, and whitish, filiform tube. Slender-flowered Lesser Centaury. PI. | foot. 16 E. PYRENA'ICA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 285.) leaves ovate-lan- ceolate, erect ; segments of corolla lanceolate. Q.tt. Native of the Pyrenees. Said by D. C. fl. fr. suppl. no. 2781, to be a variety of E. pulchella. Pyrenean Lesser Centaury. PI. -| to 5 foot. 17 E. LINARLEFOLIA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 283.) stem simple or branched ; leaves linear, obtuse, usually sub-one-nerved ; corolla funnel-shaped ; calyx shorter than the tube ; style very long, simple ; flowers sub-corymbose. $ . H. Native of the south of Europe, on the banks of the Durance, near Avignon. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. no. 2781, a. Lois, not. 155. E. linearifolia, Dietr. gart. lex. suppl. 2. p. 248. Gentiana linariaefblia, Lam. diet. 2. p. 641. — Bocc. mus. 2. t. 43. — Barrel, icon. 423. Nearly allied to E. pulchella. Corolla purplish or rose-coloured. Ca- lycine segments linear. Toad-flax-leaved Lesser Centaury. PI. \ foot. 18 E. OCCIDENTALS (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 171.) stem branched from the base : branches short ; leaves ovate or oblong ; flowers longer than the branches ; segments of calyx acute. ©. H. Native on the sea-shore, about Bayonne. Chironia occidentals, D. C. fl. fr. suppl. no. 2782. Gentiana maritima, Thore, chlor. land. p. 94. Habit of E. pulchella, but dwarfer. Corollas yellow. Western Lesser Centaury. PI. ^ to | foot. 19 E. MARITIMA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 283.) stem branched at top, dichotomous, corymbose, tetragonal ; leaves oblong-lanceo- late, 3-nerved ; flowers pedicellate ; segments of corolla ovate- bluntish ; calyx length of the tube of the corolla ; style bipartite. O- H. Native of Italy, France, Greece, and Spain, by the sea-side. Chir6nia maritima, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1069, exclusive of the syn. Barrel, icon. t. 468. Smith, fl. grace, t. 237. Chironia maritima angustifolia, D. C. fl. fr. no. 2782. suppl. p. 428. Gentiana maritima, Lin. main. p. 55. Lam. diet. 2. p. 642. Cav. icon. 3. p. 49. t. 296. f. 1.— Bocc. mus. 2. p. 83. t. 76. — Barrel, icon. t. 467, not 469. — Column, ecphr. 78. t. 77. Calycine segments linear. Very like E. Centaurium, but differs in the flowers being pedicellate and yellow. It differs from E. littca, in the flowers being twice the size, in the segments being lanceolate-linear, acuminated. Var. /3; Tingitana (Schousb. mar. p. 85.) stem a little com- pressed ; leaves 3-nerved. ©. H. Native of Tangiers, by the sea-side. Sea-tide Lesser Centaury. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1777. PI. | to \ foot. 20 E. MEYE'RI (Bunge, in Led. fl. alt. ill. t. 159. fl. alt. 1. p. 220.) stems erect, 2-edged, dichotomous at top ; leaves ovate- oblong, somewhat 3-nerved ; flowers bractless ; peduncles about 206 GENTIANEjE. XXXVII. ERYTHRJEA. XXXVIII. SABBATIA. equal in length to the flowers ; tube of corolla exceeding the calyx, which is 5-parted : with subulate segments ; corolline segments obtuse, crenulated at the apex. 0. H. Native of Altaia, in humid meadows, at the river Irtysch, near Ablaikit, and elsewhere. Stem obsoletely tetragonal, 2-10 inches high. Lower leaves obovate-obtuse. Flowers solitary, pedicellate, in the forks. Peduncles tetragonal. Tube of corolla slender. Anthers hardly twisted. Meyer's Lesser Centaury. PI. \ to f foot. 21 E. ROXBU'RGHII; stems dichotomously branched, terete; lower leaves rosulate, spatulate, obtuse, 3-nerved : cauline leaves lanceolate, obtuse, 3-nerved ; calycine segments linear, much shorter than the tube, which is terete and slender ; segments of corolla ovate-lanceolate, acute.? Q.H. Native of the Eastlndies. Chironia centaurioides, Roxb. Chironia jasminoides, and E'xa- cum diffusum, Heyne, herb. Plant much branched from the base. Flowers rose-coloured, pedicellate. Roxburgh's Lesser Centaury. PI. \ foot. 22 E. LI/TEA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 171.) stem tetra- gonal, dichotomously-panicled ; leaves many-nerved ; lower ones ovate, superior ones oblong-lanceolate ; segments of corolla elliptic ; calyx length of the tube of the corolla ; style bifid. ©. H. Native of Italy and France, on the mountains. Chironia lutea, Bertol. rar. pi. dec. 2. p. 32. Chironia maritima, var. a, D. C. fl. fr. no. 2782. suppl. p. 32. Gentiana maritima, Savi, pis. 1. p. 274. — Barrel, icon. t. 468. Gentiana pumila, Gouan, fl. monsp. p. 33. Leaves acute,? shining. Pedicels thick, an- gular, sometimes the length of calyx. Calyx tubular ; with acutely keeled linear-subulate segments. Corolla salver-shaped ; with bluntish segments. Capsule cylindrical. Yelloni-fiowereA Lesser Centaury. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. i to 1 foot. 23 E. ELODES (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 172.) stem nearly simple, tetragonal : angles winged, pellucid ; leaves roundish, 5- nerved, downy, stem-clasping; calycine segments obtuse, ad- pressed, glandular ; limb of corolla connivent. Q.H. Native of the lower Pyrenees, in the valley d'Ossau, in boggy meadows. Chironia uliginosa, Lapeyr. abr. suppl. p. 39. Very nearly allied to E. maritima. Root of many capillary fibres. Pedun- cles axillary, sub-divided, 6-10-flowered. Tube of corolla in- closed in the calyx. Limb of corolla golden yellow. Marsh Lesser Centaury. PI. 1 to 1 foot. 24 E. PORTE'NSIS (Link, et Hoffmans. fl. port. 1. p. 351. t. 66. a.) stems prostrate, tetragonal ; branches assurgent ; leaves ovate-roundish, obtuse, generally S-nerved ; tube of corolla longer than the calyx; segments of corolla acutish. ©. H. Native of Portugal, in humid places, about Oporto, and else- where. Gentiana Portensis, Brot. fl. his. l.p. 278. Habit of Veronica serpyllifblia. Flowers terminal, usually 3, rarely 7, those in the forks sessile. Calycine segments scarious on the edges. Corolla yellow (reddish or whitish, ex Link. fl. port. 1. c.), with long, narrow segments. Style bifid. Stems filiform, creeping, ex Brot. Oporto Lesser Centaury. PI. prostrate. 25 E. C^SPITOSA (Link, et Hoffmans. fl. port. 1 . p. 352. t. 66. b.) stem branched, tufted, prostrate ; leaves 1 -nerved, lan- ceolate-spatulate, fleshy ; flowers terminal, 3 together, nearly sessile, capitate ; tube of corolla hardly exceeding the calyx ; segments of corolla acutish. $ .? H. Native of Portugal, in marshes and bogs, near Figueira. Gentiana chloodes, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 276. Tops of branches tetragonal. Flowers colour of those of E. Centaurium. This is easily distinguished from the other species in the fleshy leaves. Tufted Erythraea. PI. prostrate. 26 E. GRANDIFLORA (Bivon. sic. cent. 3.) stem tall, straight, rather tetragonal ; leaves oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved ; flowers co- rymbose, bracteate ; calyx much shorter than the tube of the corolla, with subulate segments ; segments of corolla bluntish. ©. H. Native of Sicily, on the mountains. Great-flowered Lesser Centaury. PI. 1 foot. 27 E. ? COCHINCHINE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. l.p. 580.) stem quite simple ; leaves ovate-oblong ; flowers axillary, solitary, pedicel- late ; calyx tubular, slightly 5-cleft ; stigma turbinate-roundish. ©. F. Native of Cochinchina. Hottonia littoralis, Lour. coch. p. 105. Anthers twisted. Cochinchina Lesser Centaury. PI. ^ foot. 28 E. COMPAR (R. Br. in. append, to Salt, abyss, p. 476.) this species has not yet been described. ©.? H. Native of Abyssinia. Equal Lesser Centaury. PI. Cull. All the species of this genus are elegant, delicate little plants. The seeds should be sown in small pots, well drained with sherds, in a mixture of gravel and peat, or sand, loam, and peat ; and those species, natives of the sea-shore, may be wa- tered occasionally with salted water. XXXVIII. SABBATIA (in honour of L. Sabbati, a cele- brated Italian botanist.) Adans. fam. p. 503. Sal. par. lond. t. 32. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 123. Rchb. hort. bot. 2. t. 118. Chironia species, Lin. Michx. and others. Swertia spe- cies, Mill. diet. no. 2. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla with an urceolate tube; and a 5-12-parted limb. Stigma 2-parted ; segments spiral. Stamens 5 ; anthers at length re- volute. Capsule 1 -celled, 2-valved ; margins of valves semini- ferous.— Biennial herbs, with angular stems and branches. Leaves opposite, sessile, decussate. Flowers terminal, solitary or corymbose. Corollas rose-coloured or white. 1 S. GRA'CILIS (Sal. par. lond. t. 32.) weak ; branches loose, elongated, 1 -flowered ; leaves linear-elliptic, or lanceolate ; caly- cine segments linear, equal in length to the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla obovate ; stem angular. $ . F. Native from Pennsylvania to Carolina, and of Canada, in wet pastures, on the banks of rivers. Chironia gracilis, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 146. Chironia campanulata, Lin. spec. p. 272. Flowers rose-coloured. Slender Sabbatia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? PL 1 foot. 2 S. STELLA'RIS (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 137.) erect; branches dichotomous, elongated, 1 -flowered; leaves lanceolate, acute ; segments of calyx subulate, shorter than the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla obovate ; stem terete. $ . H. Native of New York, New Jersey, &c. in salt marshes. Bar- tram, icon. ined. t. 13, in the Banksian Library. The flowers are large, and of a beautiful rose-colour, with an elegant yellow star in the centre, which is surrounded by a deep red border. This plant is extremely shy of cultivation, though very desirable for that purpose. It varies with white flowers. Slarry-Rowered Sabbatia. Fl. Aug. PI. 1 foot. 3 S. ANGULA'RIS (Pursh, 1. c.) erect ; leaves ovate, stem-clasp- ing ; peduncles elongated, corymbose ; calyx half shorter than the corolla : with lanceolate segments ; stem marginately quad- rangular. $ . H. Native from Canada to Carolina, in shady woods, on grassy hills ; and of the Arkansas. Chironia angu- laris, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 146. Lin. spec. 272. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1067. Habit of Erythrcea Centaurium. Flowers crowned as in Hypericum ; purplish red. It varies with longer and shorter, broader and narrower leaves. It is used by the inhabitants of North America, for the same purposes, and in the same way, as Erythraea Centaurium is in this country. Angular-stemmed Sabbatia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 foot. 4 S. CAMPE'STRIS (Nutt. in amer. phil. trans, vol. 5. n. s. p. 197.) erect; branches dichotomous; leaves ovate, stem-clasp- GENTIANE.E. XXXVIII. SABBATIA. XXXIX. LISIASTHDS. 207 ing ; peduncles elongated, sub-fastigiate : calyxes winged, with linear segments, which exceed the 5-parted corolla. Q. H. N.;tive of North America, in the open prairies of the Arkansas, and red river. Plant bitter. Stem and branches angular. Pe- duncles forming a loose corymb. Leaves acute, 3-5-nerved. Corollas rose-coloured, size of those of S. angularis; the seg- ments obovate, and the base marked by a 5-rayed, greenish star. Field Sabbatia. Fl. June, July. PI. 1 foot. 5 S. CALTCOSA (Pursh, 1. c. p. 138.) erect, leafy; leaves ob- long-oboval ; flowers solitary, with usually a 5-7-parted limb ; calyx foliaceous, exceeding the corolla : with broad oblanceolate segments. $ . H. Native from New York to Carolina, in wet meadows, Sims, bot. mag. 1600. Chironia dichotoma, Walt. fl. car. 95. ? Bartram, icon. ined. t. 10. in the Banksian Library. Chironia calycosa, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 147. Corolla large, rose-coloured, with obovate segments. Calyx in volucra- formed. Calycose Sabbatia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1812. PI. 1 foot. 6 S. CHLOROIDES (Pursh, 1. c.) weak; leaves lanceolate, erect ; branches few, 1 -flowered ; corollas 7-13-parted, large; calycine segments linear, shorter than the corolla. $ . H. Native from New York to Carolina, in bogs. Chironia chloroides, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 147. Chironia dodecandra, Walt. fl. car. p. 95. Chlora dodecandra, Lin. syst. p. 299. Willd. spec. 2. p. 341. Stem decumbent or weak. Corollas large, rose-coloured, with oblong segments. Chlora-ltke Sabbatia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1817. PI. de- cumbent. 7 S. PASICCLA'TA (Pursh. 1. c.) erect ; leaves lanceolate- linear ; panicle many-flowered, bracteate, sub-fastigiate ; caly- cine segments subulate, thrice shorter than the corolla ; stem tetragonal. If.. F. Native of New Jersey and Carolina, in bogs and cedar swamps. Chironia paniculata, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 146 Swertia diflormis, Lin. spec. p. 328. Mill, diet. no. 2. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1330. Flowers white, with ob- long segments. Lower leaves sometimes ovate-lanceolate : su- perior ones subulately setaceous. Var. a, latijolia (Pursh, 1. c.) leaves short-ovate; panicles few-flowered. ^. H. Chironia lanceolata, Walt. fl. car. p. 95. / ar. f), angustifblia (Pursh, 1. c.) leaves linear ; panicle co- rymbose, many-flowered. 3£ . H. Panic fcif-flo"wered Sabbatia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. PI. 1| foot. 8 S. AISTRA'LIS (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea, 1. p. 194.) erect ; stem quadrangular ; angles winged ; leaves linear-lan- ceolate, 3-nerved ; peduncles elongated, 1 -flowered; calycine segments 3-nerved, acute, the middle nerve keeled, equal in length to the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla lanceolate, acuminated. £ . F. Native of Brazil, in the province of Cis- platine. Plant glabrous. Lower leaves obovate, obtuse, the rest linear-lanceolate, with revolute edges. Plant often 1 or 2 flowered ; or terminated by a few-flowered panicle. Corolla white, salver-shaped, with a 5-cleft limb. Anthers twisted. Stigmas bipartite, flat, at length elongated, and more or less twisted. Capsule half 2-celled. Seeds wrinkled. Southern Sabbatia. PI i to 2 feet. t Species not sufficiently known. 9 S. AM,symbolon,a.ring; in reference to the ring at the base of the filaments.) Lisian- thus species, Ruiz, et Pav. and H. B. et Kunth. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, pen- tagonal ; segments with membranous margins. Corolla salver- shaped, with a cylindrical tube, 3 times longer than the calyx ; and a 5-parted limb ; segments with crenulately fringed edges. Stamens inserted in the tube, hardly exserted ; anthers sagittate, at length convolute, having a short, ring-formed, crenulated, membrane at the base of the filaments. Ovarium ovate, com- pressed, 1-celled, 2-valved ; placentas 2, parietal, bilamellate, bearing seeds on the back. Stigma 2-lobed ; lobes linear- oblong, flat, blunt. Capsule ovate. — Glabrous, branched shrubs ; branches tetragonal. Leaves opposite, decussate, on short pe- tioles, with a prominent middle nerve, obsoletely veined ; pe- tioles round at the base. Flowers axillary, solitary, or 2-3 terminal, rose-coloured. 1 S. KU'NTHII ; leaves oblong, acute ; flowers pedicellate, axillary ones solitary, and terminal ones 2-3 together ; corolla salver-shaped, with fringed segments. f? . S. Native of New Granada, on mountains between Honda and Mariquita. Lisian- thus anomalus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 18-1. Branches sub-dichotomous. Leaves 2| inches long. Flowers size of the following species. Bracteas oblong, sub-spatha- ceous. Kunth's Symbolanthus. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 2 S. PAVONII ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; flowers pedicellate, axillary, solitary ; calyx pentagonal ; corolla sub-ringent. Ij . S. Native of Peru, on the mountains. Lisianthus calyg6nus, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. t. 126. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Pedi- cels curved, furnished with 3 ovate, concave, acuminated, brac- teas each. The 3 outer segments of the calyx are lanceolate, and 2 inner, sub-sagittate, all with membranous, fringed edges. Corolla rub-ringent, rose-coloured, large, with acuminated, re- flexed segments. Pavon's Symbolanthus. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Tdchia, p. 197. XLII. EU'STOMA (from £i>oro/«>e, a beautiful mouth; in reference to the fair corollas). Sal. par. lond. t. 34. — Lisianthus species of authors. LIN. SYST, Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-cleft, having the backs of the segments more or less winged. Corolla with a funnel-shaped tube, which is contracted a little at the apex ; and a deeply 5-cleft limb, which is longer than the tube, and is variegated below the middle above. Stamens 5, inserted near the middle of the tube, and a little longer than it ; filaments erect, linear-lanceolate ; anthers rather sagittate. Ovarium GENTIANE.E. XLII. EUSTOMA. XLIII. SEB^A. 211 oblong, 1-celled, ex Sal. and 2-celled, ex Nutt. succulent; with short, stipitate placentas. Style short, erect ; stigma large, deeply 2-lobed. Seeds scrobiculate. — Annual herbs, with the habit of Pneumonanthe. Leaves glaucous, oblong, opposite, decussate, perfoliate. Corymbs few-flowered, dichotomous, terminal. Flowers blue. The plants have glaucous, perfoliate leaves, not unlike those of Lobel's Catchfly, the Silene Armeria. \ E. SILENIFOLIA (Sal. par. t. 34.) stems terete ; leaves obovate-lanceolate ; segments of calyx winged on the back. 0. H. Native of Providence, and of North America, on the sandy banks of the great salt river of the Arkansas ; and at sources of the Canadian river. Lisianthus glaucifolius, Lam. diet. 660. Jacq. col. 1. p. 64. icon. rar. 1. t. 33. Nutt. in amer. phil. trans, vol. 5. n. s. p. 177. Corolla purple: anthers yellow. Catchfly-leated Eustoma. Fl. July. Clt. 1804. PL 1-2 foot. 2 E. EXALTA'TA (Sal. 1. c.) stem slightly tetragonal; leaves spatulate or oblong-lanceolate ; calycine segments winged on the back. G- S. Native of St. Domingo and Vera Cruz. Lisianthus exaltatus. Lam. 3. p. 662. ill. p. 478. Gentiana exaltata, Lin. spec. 231. Lam. diet. 2. p. 636. Erythrae'a Pluraieri, H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 176. — Plum. spec. 3. Burm. amer. icon. t. 81. f. 1. Leaves S-nerved. Segments of corolla crenated. Fruit full of clammy seeds. This species differs from the preceding, in having a more angu- lar stem, and a greater number of flowers ; in the wings of the calyx being broader, and in the filaments being inserted a little higher up. /'err. /3, albiftora; herb more glaucous than the species : and the flowers white and more expanded. Q. F. Native of Mexico, at Panantla, on the banks of rivulets. Cham, et Schlecht, in Linnaea, 6. p. 387. Tall Eustoma. PL 2 to 3 feet. Cult. The seeds of the species of Eustoma require to be reared on a hot-bed, and otherwise treated like other tender annuals. Tribe II. EXACIE'JE (the plants contained in this section agree with E zacum, in having a 2-celled capsule.) Capsule 2-celled ; margins of valves bent into the central placenta, which is at length free, and bears the seeds. XLIII. SEB.E'A (named in memory of Alb. Seba, an apothe- cary of Amsterdam, author of Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri descriptio, 4 vol. fol. Amsterdam, 1734 — 1765.) Solander mss. R. Br. prod. p. 451. E'xacum species of Lin. and others. Lis. SYST. Tetra-Pent6ndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-parted ; segments keeled or winged on the back. Corol'.a 4-5-clefl, salver- shaped, marcescent. Stamens 4-5, exserted ; anthers dehiscing lengthwise : when old, recurved, with a callous apex. Stigmas •2. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved ; valves with inflexed edges in- serted into the central placenta, which is at length free. — Erect annual glabrous herbs, with tetragonal stems and branches; opposite, decussate, sessile leaves; and usually terminal, corym- lx>se panicles of flowers. 1 S. CORDA'TA (R. Br. prod. p. 452.) stem dichotomous, tetragonal ; leaves sessile, cordate ; flowers 5-cleft in the forks, on short pedicels, or in corymbs ; stamens inclosed ; segments of calyx cordate, furnished each with a keel on the back. 0.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E'xacum cordatum, Lin. syst. 155. suppl. 124. Cham, et Schlecht in Linnaea, 194. Gentiana exacoides, Lin. spec. p. E'xacum grandiflorum, Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 158.t. 114.— Burm. afr. t. 74. f. 5. Corolla yellow, with a cylindrical tube and obovate segments. Habit of Ery- thrafa Cenlaurium. In all the varieties the stamens are said to be inclosed in the throat of the corolla. far. a, macrdntha (Cham, et Schlecht in Linnaea, 1. p. 191.) keels of the calyx, which is large, broadly winged, smooth, or scabrous ; corollas large, an inch long : more than twice longer than the calyx. Far. j3, intermedia (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c.) keels of calyx with narrow, smooth, almost evanescent wings ; corolla smaller, half an inch long, twice as long as the ca!yx. Var. y, micrdntka (Cham, et Schlecht. 1. c. p. 192.) keels of calyx winged, nerved, having the nerves ending in teeth ; corolla minute, 4 lines long, not quite twice the length of the calyx. — Plukn. aim. p. 94. t. 275. f. 4. Cordite-leaved Sebaea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815. PL i to | foot 2 S. SULPHU'REA (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea, 1. p. 192.) stem dichotomously and corymbosely branched, sub-tetragonal ; leaves sessile, broad, ovate, acute, 1 -nerved ; calyx nearly glo- bose, with acute segments, which are winged by a narrow keel on the back ; flowers 5-cleft ; stamens exserted. 0. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the top of the Table Mountain. S. tabularis, Ecklon, mss. Leaves 3 lines long and two broad. Corolla sulphur coloured, with elliptic, acute segments. Calyx much shorter than the tube of the corolla. Sulphur- coloured flowered Sebaea. PL •$• foot. 3 S. CRASSUUEFOLIA (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c. p. 193.) stem corymbosely branched ; angles winged ; branches straight ; leaves cordate, roundish, acute, sessile, 3-5-nerved ; flowers quinquefid ; calyx ovoid, with acute, sharply keeled segments ; stamens exserted. Q. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, at Plettenbergsbay Poort. Stem naked at the base. Branches floriferous at top. Leaves 4-5-lines broad, and 3 lines long, with the margins and apexes inflexed. Flowers crowded, yellow. Crassula-kated Sebaea. PL 1 to 1-J foot. 4 S. CAPITA'TA (Cham, et Schlecht, 1. c.) stem crowded with leaves at bottom, the rest naked and simple, terminated by a coarctate panicle ; leaves sessile, ovate, attenuated at the base, 3-nerved ; flowers quadrifid ; calyx ovate, with keeled segments; stamens exserted. 0.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the top of the Table Mountain. Leaves with revolute edges. The superior part of the stem often furnished with one or two pairs of minute, stem-clasping leaves. Corolla yellow, much longer than the calyx, with obtuse segments. Capitate-flowered Sebaea. PL ^ foot. 5 S. AU'REA (R. Br. prod. p. 452.) stem dichotomous, slightly tetragonal ; leaves sessile, cordate, ovate, 3-nerved ; panicle corymbose, terminal ; flowers quadrifid : calycine segments with winged keels; stamens inclosed. ©. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Gentiana aurea, Thunb. E'xacum aureum, Lin. syst. 155. suppl. 123. Lam. ill. t. 80. f. 2. E'xacum sessile, Lin. — Plukn. phyt. t. 275. f. S. Corolla golden yellow, with lanceolate, acute segments. Habit of Erythrce'a Centaurium. Var. ft ; flowers pale yellow. Cham, in Linnaea, 6. p. 646. Go&fen-flowered Sebaea. FL Ju. Aug. Clt. 1824. PL i foot. 6 S. A'LBENS (R. Br. 1. c.) stem tetragonal, dichotomously branched, fastigiate ; leaves cordate, decurrent, 3-nerved ; flowers 5-cleft, terminal ; calycine segments keeled on the bar.k ; sta- mens exserted. 0. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E'xacum albens, Lin. syst. 155. suppl. 123. E'xacum peduncu- latum, Lin. Gentiana albens, Thunb. Corolla whitish ; tube longer than the calyx ; and the limb length of the tube. — Burm. afr. p. 207. t. 74. f. 4. NArfe-flowered Sebaea. FL Aug. Clt. 1820. PL | foot. 7 S. OVATA (R. Br. prod. p. 452.) stem branched, dichoto- E e 2 212 GENTIANE^E. XLIII. SEB.EA. XLIV. EXACUM. mous ; leaves sessile, ovate, 3-nerved ; flowers quinquefid ; seg- ments of calyx acuminated, with simple keels on the back, about equal to the segments of corolla in length. Q. G. Native of Van Diemen's Land, and of New South Wales. E'xacum ov&tum, Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 38. t. 52. Corolla red. ? Oyate-leaved Sebfea. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. \ foot. 8 S. AMBIGUA (Cham, in Linnaea, 6. p. 346.) stem fastigiately cymose, dichotomous ; leaves broad-ovate, rather fleshy ; flowers quadrifid ; stamens exserted ; calyx obconical, with diaphanous, obtuse, rounded, toothed segments. ©. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Var. a, gnicilis (Cham. 1. c.) outer branches of cyme evolute. Var. ft, crdssa (Cham. 1. c.) outer branches of cyme con- tracted ; flowers glomerate. Ambiguous Sebsea. PI. \ foot. 9 S. PUSILLA (Ecklon, mss. Cham, in Linnaea, 6. p. 346.) flowers quinquefid ; stamens inclosed ; calyx cylindrical, with narrow-lanceolate, keeled, acute segments, which are shorter than the tube of the corolla. O- G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This species comes nearest to S. ovata ; but dif- fers from it in the tube of the corolla, being longer in the in- closed stamens, and whole habit. Small Sebaea. PI. small. Cult. These are elegant plants while in blossom. They should be treated like other tender annuals, by being reared on a hot .bed, and afterwards planted out into a warm, sheltered border, about the end of May. XLIV. E'XACUM (from ex, out ; and ago, to drive ; expels poison.) Spreng. gen. 1. p. 8. — E'xacum species, Lin. gen. 141. Juss. gen. 142.— Centaurium, Plukn. mant. t. 343. f. 3. LIN. SYST. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, 4-cleft ; segments winged on the back. Corolla salver-shaped, or sub-rotate, with a globose or ventricose tube, and a 4-cleft limb. Stamens 4, declinate ; filaments terete ; anthers long, somewhat tetragonal, emarginate at the base, erect, dehiscing by 2 pores at the apex. Style filiform, declinate, flexuous ; stigma undivided, clavate, furnished with minutely papillose furrows on all sides. Capsule globose, crustaceous, 2-celled, with a septici- dal dehiscence ; placentas 2, adnate to a double dissepiment, thick. Seeds very minute, scrobiculate. — Erect, branched, an- nual herbs. Leaves opposite, decussate, sessile, 3-5-nerved. Flowers terminal and axillary. 1 E. SE'SSILE (Lin. spec. 163.) stem erect, tetragonal, simple, dichotomous at top ; flowers solitary, from the forks of the stem, and tops of the branches ; leaves sessile, ovate- cordate, obtuse, fleshy; capsule drooping. Q, S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers larger than the leaves. Sessile-Rovrered Exacum. PL | foot. ? 2 E. PUNCTA'TUM (Lin. syst. 155. suppl. 124.) leaves nearly sessile, oblong, 3-nerved, dotted like Hyperkum ; stamens ex- serted. O- S. Native of the East Indies. Corolla bluish. Stamens yellow. Dotted-\ea.ved Exacum. PI. J to 1 foot. 3 E. BI'COLOB (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 413.) erect; stem and branches tetragonal : angles a little winged ; leaves sessile, ovate, 5 -nerved ; flowers axillary, solitary, on short pedicels; anthers erect. Q. S. Native of Cuttack, in the East Indies. Root almost simple. Leaves variable in size ; floral ones small and narrow. Corollas large, white, having the segments tipped with blue. Trvo-coloured-Rov/ered Exacum. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 4 E. TERAGONUM (Roxb. 1. c. Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 3. p. 47. t. 276.) stem simple, erect, tetragonal ; leaves sessile, ovate-lan- ceolate, 5-nerved ; flowers numerous, terminal ; stamens and style declinate. Q. S. Native of Bengal, where it is called Koochuri ; Silhet, Nipaul, Katnaon, &c. E. Chulesium, Ham. herb. Leaves 2-4 inches long. Flowers large, of a most beau- tiful blue colour. Calycine segments dagger-shaped. Segments of corolla acute. Anthers linear. This is a most elegant, robust plant. 7'e. S. Native of Campeche. Flowers yellow. Donny Trumpet-flower. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Shrub cl. 24 B. AFFINE ; leaves binate, cirrhose ? ; leaflets ovate-lan- ceolate, cordate at the base, downy beneath ; racemes terminal, compound. J? . ,_,. S. Native of Maranham. Flowers middle- sized, yellow. Nearly allied to B. pubescens. Allied Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl. 25 B. ricTA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 136.) F F 218 BIGNONIACE^E. I. BIONONIA. erect ; branches compressed, striated, glabrous ; leaves conju- gate ; leaflets ovate, obtuse, roundish at the base, rather coria- ceous, glabrous, shining; panicles terminal, few-flowered; co- rollas glabrous, fy . S. Native of the province of Guayana, between the town of Angostura and Farrera. Leaflets about 4 inches long, and 2| broad. Calyx quite entire. Corolla fun- nel-shaped, white, striped with red ; throat yellow. Painted-fiowered Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1823. Shrub 4 feet. 2G B. MAGNOLI^EFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 136.) creeping; leaves conjugate ; leaflets elliptic, short-acumi- nated, rounded at the base, glabrous, shining ; panicles termi- nal, simple ; corollas glabrous, fj . S. Native of the Missions of Orinoco, in woods near Javita, on the banks of the rivers Tuamini and Temi. Leaflets coriaceous, reticulately veined. Panicles spike-formed, nearly a foot long. Corolla white, with a yellow throat. Magnolia-leaved Trumpet-flower. Shrub creeping. 27 B. SPECTA'BILIS (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 80.) scandent, gla- brous; leaves conjugate; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated, obtuse ; tendrils simple ; flowers racemose, glabrous ; calyx quite entire. ^ . w. S. Native of the Island of Santa Cruz. Willd. spec. 3. p. 294. Racemes terminal, short, having the 2 lower pedicels 3-flowered, and the rest 1 -flowered. Bracteas setaceous. Corolla 3 inches long, rather coriaceous, glabrous, purple ; segments obovate. Anthers glabrous. Stigma oblong. Showy Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 28 B. ELONGA'TA (Vahl, eel. 2. p. 45. t. 16.) scandent ; leaves conjugate ; leaflets oval, tomentose beneath ; racemes very long, terminal ; peduncles dichotomous ; tendrils strong, simple ? Jj . w. S. Native of South America. Leaflets membranous, 3 inches long, ending in a blunt acumen, clothed with yellowish tomentum beneath. Calyx truncate, entire. Corolla purple ?, 1J inch long, clothed with fine tomentum, as well as the calyxes. Elongated-raccmed Trumpet-flower. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Shrub climbing. 29 B. CORYMBIFERA (Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 45. t. 17.) leaves con- jugate, without tendrils ; leaflets sub-cordate, ovate, acumi- nated, glabrous ; corymbs axillary and terminal ; calyx quite entire. I? . S. Native of South America. Corymbs trichoto- mous. Corollas an inch long, downy. Corymb-bearing Trumpet-flower. Shrub. 30 B. LAURIFOLIA (Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 44.) leaves conjugate ; leaflets oblong, glabrous ; racemes terminal ; branches dichoto- mous ; corollas clothed with soft tomentum outside. J; • S. Native of Cayenne. Tendrils none. Laurel-leaved Trumpet-flower. Fl. ? Clt. 1804. Shrub. 31 B. MOLUSSIMA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 133.) scandent; branches terete, striated, downy ; leaves con- jugate; leaflets ovate, acute, cordate, clothed with soft hairs above, and fuscescent tomentum beneath ; tendrils undivided ; panicles axillary ; corollas downy ouside. Jj • w S. Native of the province of Caraccas, in the valleys of Aragua, where it is called Vejuco\>y the natives. Leaflets 2-3 inches long, and \\ to 2 broad. Branches of panicle dichotomous, downy. Calyx 5-toothed. Corollas somewhat funnel-shaped. Follicles 7 inches long, downy. Very soft Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 32 B. DIVERSIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 133.) scandent ; branches quadrangular, striated, glabrous ; leaves conjugate and simple ; leaflets roundish-ovate, acuminated, sub-cordate, glabrous, shining ; tendrils undivided ; panicles terminal ; corollas glabrous. T? . w. S. Native of Mexico, near Campeche. Leaflets reticulately veined, and somewhat 5-nerved, membranous, %\ inches long, and \\ broad. Partial petioles downy inside. Calyx 5-toothed. Corollas campanu- lately funnel-shaped. Diverse-leaved Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1825. Shrub cl. 33 B. FLORIBU'NDA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 134.) scandent; branches tetragonal, striated, warted ; leaves conjugate ; leaflets oblong-elliptic, acuminated, acute at the base, glabrous, shining ; tendrils undivided ; panicles axillary ; corollas downy outside. tj . w. S. Native of Mexico, near Campeche. Branches beset with white warts and fine powder. Leaflets 2| inches long, and 15-16 lines broad. Panicle powdery, with opposite branches, and dichotomous branchlets. Calyx obsoletely 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, 8 lines long. Bundle-flowered Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl. 34 B. OBLIQUA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 135.) scandent ; branches terete, striated, powdery ; leaves conjugate; leaflets ovate-oblong, obtuse, retuse, obliquely cordate at the base, coriaceous, glabrous, shining ; tendrils undivided ; pedun- cles axillary, dichotomous ; corollas glabrous. ^ • >^>- S. Native of the province of Caraccas, in Isle de las Aves, situated in the lake Tacarigua. Leaflets 3 inches long, and from 18 to 20 lines broad. Calyx quite entire, or irregularly 5-toothed. Corollas funnel-shaped, red. Obl,ique-\ea.\e& Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl. 35 B. GLABRA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 135.) scandent ; branches terete, warted, glabrous ; leaves conjugate ; leaflets ovate, obtuse, retuse, rounded at the base, rather coria- ceous, glabrous, shining ; tendrils undivided ; inflorescence unknown. Fj . w. S. Native of the Spanish Main, near Cumana, where it is called Vejuco bianco by the natives. Cap- sule 7 inches long. It only differs from the preceding, in the form of the leaves. Glabrous Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl. 36 B. HONDE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 135.) scandent; branches terete, furrowed, glabrous; leaves conjugate ; leaflets elliptic-ovate, acuminated, rounded at the base, rather coriaceous, glabrous, shining ; tendrils and inflor- escence unknown. fj . w. S. Native of New Granada, near Honda, at the altitude of 130 hexapods. Branches whitish. Leaflets 5-6 inches long, and 3 inches broad. Follicles 12-16 inches long. Honda Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl. 37 B. TILLEFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 136.) branches terete, striated, downy ; leaves conjugate ; leaflets roundish, acuminated, cordate, membranous, glabrous, downy on the veins beneath ; tendrils unknown ; spikes terminal ; corollas tomen- tose outside. Tj . w. S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco. Leaflets 3 inches long. Spikes 5-C-flowered, tomentose. Calyx obsoletely 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a curved tube, widened upwards. Ovarium oblong, clothed with silky tomentum. Lime-tree-leaved Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl. 38 B. VILLOSA (Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 44.) leaves conjugate ; .leaflets ovate, clothed with very soft villi ; tendrils filiform. *j . '^j> S. Native of the Island of St. Martha. Leaflets glabrous above, except the midrib, 2 inches long, acuminated. Calyx truncate, quite entire. Corolla 3 inches long, glabrous, purple. Perhaps the same as B. pubescens, Lin. ; but the leaflets in that plant are cordate, and the flowers yellow. Villoiis Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl. 39 B. PYRAMIDA'TA (Rich, in soc. hist. nat. par. no 1. Pers. ench. 2. p. 171.) scandent, glabrous; leaves conjugate ; leaflets rather coriaceous ; panicles terminal, rather pyramidal, many- flowered, composed of cymose corymbs. Tj . w. S. Native of Cayenne. Pyramidal-pnnicleA Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl. 40 B. CA'NDICANS (Rich. 1. c.) scandent ; leaves conjugate ; leaflets roundish-ovate, clothed with white tomentum beneath ; BIGNONIACE.E. I. BIGNONIA. 219 panicles very loose, small-flowered. ^ . w. S. Native of Cayenne. Whitish -leaved Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl. 41 B. LONGisinQCA (Bert, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 330.) scan- dent, cirrhiferous ; leaves conjugate ; leaflets deeply cordate, acuminated, membranous, glabrous; racemes terminal, simple; calyx 5-toothed, and are, as well as the corollas, glabrous, fj . '"'. S. Native of New Granada, on the banks of the river Magdalena. Long-podded Trumpet-flower. Shrub tw. 42 B. SELLOI (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 831.) scandent, cirrhiferous; leaves conjugate ; leaflets oblong, sub-cordate, acute, glabrous, shining; panicles opposite, horizontal, many-flowered ; calyxes and corollas glabrous. T; . '~l. S. Native of Brazil. Sello's Trumpet-flower. Shrub tw. § 2. Loner leaves ternate ; upper ones conjugate, furnished nith tendrils. 43 B. ECHINA'TA (Jacq. amer. 183. t. 176. f. 52. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 240. t. 52.) branches nodose, angular; petioles of lower leaves dichotomous : branches trifoliate ; upper leaves ternate and conjugate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated ; tendrils sim- ple ; corymbs axillary. ^ . w. S. Native of Carthagena and Guiana, in sandy places. Aubl. guian. 2. p. 648. t. 264. Lam. diet. 1. p. 415. Jacarancla echinata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 834. Corolla flesh-coloured, an inch long. Follicles 5 inches long, elliptic, muricated. Echinated-podded Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1804. Shrub cl. 44 B. MICROCA'LYX (Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 211.) lower leaves ternate: superior ones conjugate ; leaflets oval, obtuse ; flowers racemose ; calyx 5-toothed, very short. Jj . w. S. Native about Essequibo, climbing on the highest trees. Branches nodose at the insertion of the leaves ; nodi compressed. Ten- drils none. Racemes axillary, few-flowered. Corollas 3 inches long, purple, elegantly striped inside ; segments obtuse. Lobes of stigma obtuse, crenulated. This species is closely allied to Bign. echinata, and Bign. heterophylla. Small-calyxed Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl. 45 B. CHERE'RE (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 644. t. 260.) lower leaves ternate ; upper ones conjugate, cirrhose ; leaflets ovate, acumi- nated, sometimes sub-cordate, glabrous ; cymes axillary. Ij . >_,. S. Native of Guiana, in woods, on the banks of rivers. B. heterophylla, Willd. spec. 3. p. 298. B. Kerere, Lam. diet. 1. j). 420. Branches angular. Corollas 2 inches long, yellow. Follicles ovate, hard, compressed. Cherere Trumpet- flower. Fl. ? Clt. 1824. Shrub cl. 46 B. VENU'STA (Ker, bot. reg. t. 249.) scandent ; branches angular, glabrous ; lower leaves ternate; superior ones conju- gate ; leaflets oblong-ovate, acuminated, oblique at the base ; petioles villous inside ; corymbs terminal, many-flowered. Tj . w. S. Native of Brazil. Calyx villous, short, 5-toothed. Co- rolla clavately funnel-shaped, with a spreading border, villous inside, crimson. Lovely Trumpet-flower. Fl. Sept. Dec. Clt. 1816. Shrub climbing. 47 B. INCARNA'TA (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 645. t. 261.) scandent ; leaves large ; lower ones ternate ; upper ones binate ; tendrils simple ; leaflets ovate, acuminated ; corymbs axillary. T? . w. S. Native of Guiana, in woods, on the banks of the river Sinemari. Shrub sarmentose. Flowers numerous, rose-coloured. Fruit long, flat. Flesh-coloured-Qowered Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl. § 3. Leaves ternate or trifoliate, destitute of tendrils. 48 B. TRIPHY'LLA (Lin. spec. 870. Mill. diet. no. 14.) leaves ternate, glabrous ; leaflets ovate, acuminated ; stem shrubby, erect. Tj . S. Native of the Island of Vera Cruz. Flowers white, in terminal panicles. Three-leated Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1733. Shrub erect. 49 B. MOLLIS (Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 46. icon. pi. amer. t. 10.) scandent ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ovate, sub-cordate, downy on both surfaces ; panicles terminal, many-flowered ; flowers small, ^.y,. S. Native of Cayenne. B. tomentosa, Rich, in act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1. p. 11. Branches beset with rufous hairs. Leaflets 5 inches long, obtuse, with a short acumen. Calyx clothed with brownish down, obsoletely 5-toothed. Co- rolla downy. Soft Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl. 50 B. PILULIFERA (Rich, in act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1. p. 11.) scandent ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets obovate, with a short acu- men ; panicles brachiate, composed of compound piluliferous racemes, fj . w. S. Native of Cayenne. Flowers small. Pill-bearing Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl. 51 B. CARICHANE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 137.) erect; branches terete, striated, glabrous; leaves simple and ternate ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, glabrous, shining, white beneath ; panicles terminal, sessile ; flowers pentandrous ; corollas glabrous. }/ • S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco, betwixt Encaramada and Carichana. Branchlets rather downy. Branches of panicle dichotomous, hairy. Calyx obsoletely 5- toothed, smoothish. Corolla having the tube widened above, oblique, much longer than the calyx ; segments roundish ovate, the 2 upper ones rather the largest. The 2 longer stamens exserted ; filaments all pilose at the base. Anthers sagittately bifid, with diverging lobes. Perhaps a new genus. Carichana Trumpet-flower. Shrub erect. 52 B. VERRUCOSA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 137.) erect?; branches terete, striated, warted, glabrous ; leaves ternate : leaflets oblong, narrowed at top, obtuse, acutish at the base, glabrous, shining ; panicles terminal, sessile ; corollas glabrous, fj . S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco, near the town of Caicaro. Leaflets 2| inches long, and 5 lines broad. Petioles downy. Branches of panicle dichotomous, downy. Calyx downy, 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, red. Follicles 3 inches long, glabrous. fFarted-branched Trumpet-flower. Shrub erect. 53 B. APURE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 138.) scandent ; branches terete, a little striated, glabrous ; leaves ternate ; leaflets elliptic-oblong, short-acuminated, acutish at the base, glabrous, downy on the veins beneath ; spikes terminal, sessile ; corollas glabrous, tj . ^,. S. Native on the shady banks of the river Apures, near El Diamante. Branches white. Flowers pedicellate, 2 inches long. Calyx irregularly 3-4 or 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, yellow, with roundish, spreading, nearly- equal lobes. Filaments hairy at the base ; the sterile one not seen. dpures Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl. 54 B. UMBRdsA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 138.) scandent? ; branches compressed, striated, clothed with fine, downy hairs ; leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated, cordate, glabrous, shining ; flowers panicled ; corollas downy outside, fj . ^. ? S. Native of New Andalusia, in valleys, about Caripe. Leaflets 5 inches long, and 2^ broad. Petioles downy. Branches of panicle dichotomous, downy. Calyx almost quite entire. Flowers sweet-scented. Stamens with glabrous fila- ments, and ciliately fringed anthers. Shaded Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl. ? 55 B. RIPARIA (H. B. et Kunth, I.e. p. 138.) scandent; branches terete, striated, clothed with fine downy tomentum; leaves ternate ; leaflets obovate-roundish, acuminated, cordate, beset with soft hairs on the veins beneath ; panicles axillary, pedunculate ; corollas downy outside. Ij • w • S. Native of New Granada, near Mompox, on the banks of the river Magda- r F 2 220 BIGNONIACE^E. I. BIOSONIA. lena. Petioles downy. Bracteas linear, tomentose. Calyx tomentose, almost quite entire. Corolla funnel-shaped, white. The sterile filament has not been seen. River-side Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl. ? 56 B. LITTORA'LIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 139.) scandent, cirrhose ; branches terete, glabrous ; branchlets hairy ; leaves ternate ; leaflets roundish-ovate, acuminated, clothed with soft hairs on both surfaces ; panicles axillary ; corollas downy outside. *2 • w ? S. Native of Mexico, about Acapulco. Petioles tomentose. Branches of panicle dichotomous, tomen- tose. Calyx downy, obsoletely 5-toothed. Corolla funnel- shaped, red. The sterile filament has not been seen. Sea-shore Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl. ? 57 B. H^MA'NTIIA (Bert, ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 832.) erect ; leaves ternate ; leaflets elliptic, retuse, coriaceous, quite gla- brous ; peduncles short, axillary, few-flowered. Tj . S. Native of Porto Rico. Blood-flowered Trumpet-flower. Shrub erect. J 4. Leaves digitate, destitute of tendrils. 58 B. LEPIDOTA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 139.) arboreous ; leaves quinate ; leaflets lanceolate-oblong, obtuse ; with revolute edges, coriaceous, glabrous, covered with small, scale-like dots beneath ; peduncles axillary, usually 3-flowered ; corollas glabrous. *j . S. Native of Cuba, between Havannah and Regla. Branches angular, dichotomous. Peduncles clothed with rusty powder. Calyx irregularly 5-6-toothed, lepidoted outside. Corolla 2 inches long, funnel-shaped, rose-coloured ; with a curved tube, and roundish, undulated lobes. Scaly-dotted Trumpet-flower. Tree. 59 B. FLUVIA'TILIS (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 655. t. 267. H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 139. Meyer, esseq. 211.) arboreous; leaves quinate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous, shining ; corymbs axillary, somewhat dichotomous ; corollas downy outside. P? . S. Native of Guiana, on the banks of rivers, but always so near their mouths that the water is salt, Aublet ; in humid places, on the banks of the Orinoco, near Carichana. Branches terete, warted. Petioles puberulous. Calyx irregularly 3-5-cleft, clothed with white tomentum, ex Kunth, 4-5-loothed, ex Aubl. Corolla funnel-shaped, white. Follicles oblong, compressed, obtuse. Meyer's plant differs from that of Aublet, in the peduncles being few-flowered and termi- nal, in the calyxes being sub-quinquefid, and in the flowers being fasciculately racemose. Corolla 2 inches long. Lobes of stigma roundish, white. River Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1824. Tree tall. 60 B. SSCULIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 140.) arboreous ; leaflets 7, obovate-oblong, short-acuminated, narrowed at the base, membranous, downy above, clothed with canescent tomentum beneath ; panicles terminal, sub-corymbose; corollas downy outside. J? . S. Native of Mexico, in hot valleys, between Acapulco and Mescalo A very tall tree. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla sub-campanulate, orange-coloured; with a very short tube ; a ventricose throat, which is plicate, longitudinally inside ; the 2 upper segments of the limb erect, smaller; the 3 lower ones reflexed, bearded, marked by a yellow spot. Horse-chestnut-leaved Trumpet-flower. Tree tall. 61 B. LEUCOXVLON (Lin. spec. p. 870.) arboreous; leaves quinate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; flowers terminal, solitary or twin. ^ . S. Native of Jamaica, on the banks of rivers. Andr. bot. rep. p. 43. t. 43. Swartz, obs. p. 233 — Brown, jam. 263. — Pluk. aim. 215. t. 200. f. 4. — Sloane, jam. p. 154. hist. 2. p. 62. Leaves with 5-7-8 leaflets. Calyx bilabiate ; upper lip rounded ; lower lip bifid ; with ovate, sharp teeth. Corolla rose-coloured; with along, narrow tube, swelling a little at top ; limb bilabiate ; upper lip the shortest; all the segments rounded and waved, and somewhat villous. Follicles long, Swartz, pendulous. The wood is very hard and white. The flowers are white, not unlike those of Stramonium, rising before the leaves, several together, from the ends of the shoots. Pods square, Sloane. White-wooded Trumpet-flower. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Tree. 62 B. CHRYSA'NTHA (Jacq. schoenbr. 2. p. 45. t. 211.) arbo- reous ; leaflets 5, ovate, acuminated, tomentose ; flowers termi- nal, crowded. Jj . S. Native at Caraccas. Leaflets on long pedicels, 5 inches long. Calyx tubularly-campanulate, 5- toothed. Corollas 2 inches long, yellow. Flowers copious at the tops of the branches; peduncles 1-2-flowered. Yellow-flowered Trumpet-flower. Fl. May. Clt. 1823. Tree 12-26 feet. 63 B. HIRSU'TA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 222. Willd. spec. 3. p. 299.) arboreous ; leaves quinate ; leaflets obovate, emarginate, downy beneath ; panicles terminal ; corollas curved, clothed with rufescent, yellowish hairs outside. T; . S. Native of the East Indies. Leaflets nearly 8 inches long. Flowers small, yellow-red. Calyx nearly truncate, furnished with 4 very short teeth. Stamens exserted. Hairy Trumpet-flower. Tree. 64 B. ANTJSYPHILITICA (Mart, reise. bras, ex Linnaea, 5. p. 38.) arboreous ; lower leaves bipinnate ; superior ones digitately quinate ; leaflets ovate, long-acuminated, glabrous ; panicles dichotomous; capsule linear, flat. \) . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Negro. Flowers green. Calyx inflated. Antisiphylitic Trumpet-flower. Tree. 65 B. MEGAPOTA'MICA (Spreng. syst. add. p. 237.) leaves quinate, glabrous ; leaflets petiolate, obovate-oblong, quite en- tire ; peduncles bifid, axillary, cymose ; calyx 5-toothed ; corolla downy. fj . S. Native of Brazil, about Rio Grande. Rio Grande Trumpet-flower. Shrub or tree. 66 B. ORBICULA'TA (Jacq. amer. 184. t. 180. f. 79.) scandent ; leaves quinate; leaflets oblong, acuminated, glabrous; racemes axillary. fj • \j> S. Native of Carthagena, in woods. Jaca- randa orbiculata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 834. Leaflets on long petioles. There is a tendril on the upper leaves, in place of a terminal leaflet. Flowers middle-sized, sweet-scented, yellowish, with a paler limb. Follicles large, orbicular, compressed, flat, shining, nearly like those of Jacaranda Bakamensis. This is perhaps a species of Jacaranda. Orbicular-podded Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl. § 5. Leaves abruptly pinnate, or bipinnate, furnished with tendrils. 67 B. CHICA (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 1. p. 107. t. 31. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 142.) scandent ; leaves abruptly bi-pinnate ; leaflets conjugate, elliptic-ovate, acuminated, deeply cordate, glabrous ; panicles axillary, pendulous. J? . w. S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco, and Cassiquiares, near Maypures; Esmeralda; and Mandavaca. Barkchinky. Branches terete, green, dotted with brown. Leaves 8-10 inches long, abruptly bi-pinnate ; pinnae 2 pair; leaflets conjugate. Tendrils simple, from the tups of the general and partial petioles. Branches of panicle dichotomous. Calyx almost quite entire, fleshy. Corolla funnel-shaped, violaceous ; limb with nearly equal, rounded segments. Follicles 2 inches long, compressed, J an inch broad. Chica Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1819. Shrub cl. 68 B. CLE'MATIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 141.) scandent; leaves conjugately pinnate, with an odd one; leaflets 2 pairs, ovate, narrowed at top, acute, cordate at the base, glabrous ; flowers panicled. I? . w. S. Native of Llanos de BIGNONIACE.E. I. BIGNOSIA. 221 Caraccas, betwixt the town of Calabozo, and the river Guarico. Habit of Clematis vitdlba. Branches quadrangular, glabrous. Leaves 7-8 inches long ; leaflets 2 inches long, and 1 broad. Tendrils petiolar, trifid at apex. Panicles axillary, downy. Calyx obsoletely 5-toothed, cleft lengthwise, tomentose. Corollas white, yellowish inside ; lobes nearly equal, roundish, red. Virgin-boner-like Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 69 B. jAS.MiuiFOLiA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 141.) scandent ; leaves conjugately bipinnate, with 2-3 pair of pinnae, and an odd one ; leaflets 3-4 pair, with an odd one, ovate, obtuse, rounded at the base, the terminal one twice as long as the lateral ones, ovate-lanceolate. Jj . w. S. Native on the banks of the rivers Orinoco and Atabapo, near San Fernando. Brandies quadrangular. Leaflets rather coriaceous, 5-8 lines long, lower ones sometimes ternate. Stipulas ? twin, dimidiate, roundish-ovate. Follicles compressed, 7 inches long. This is a very elegant species. Jasmine-leaved Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1826. Shrub cl. 70 B. TEKNA'TA ; scandent; leaves ternate ; divisions pinnate ; leaflets oblong, acute, coriaceous ; panicles terminal. (? . w. S. Native of Maranham, among bushes, but rare. Flowers pale red. Ternate-]ea\ed Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl. 71 B. BUL'GA (Vahl. symb. 2. p. 68.) glabrous; scander.t?; leaves abruptly pinnate; with only 2 pair of elliptic, acuminated, obtuse, shining leaflets ; petioles margined ; racemes terminal ; peduncles articulated, compressed ; pedicels filiform ; calyx with an almost entire border. fj . S. Native of Madagascar. Branches alternate, compressed. Leaves rarely conjugate. Leaflets petiolate. 7W-/:«/Ved-leaved Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl. ? § 6. Leaves impari-pinnate, destitute of tendrils. 72 B. RACEMOSA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 424.) glabrous, scandent; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets 5-7, ovate, acute ; common petioles winged ; racemes simple, loose, longer than the leaves ; calyx short, almost truncate ; corolla tubular, with a very short, nearly equal limb, fj . ^. S. Native of Madagascar. Leaflets shining, almost an inch long. Calyx truncate. Var, /3 ; leaflets more numerous, ovate-lanceolate Tj • S. Native of Madagascar. Leaflets 9-11. Flowers smaller, dis- posed in racemes, which are hardly the length of the leaves. Racemose-flowered Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl. ? 73 B. COMPRE'SSA (Lam. diet. l.p. 424.) glabrous, scandent? ; branches alternately nodose and compressed ; leaves impari- pinnate ; leaflets 3 to 7, oval-oblong, obtuse, coriaceous ; common petioles margined ; ultimate branches compressed ; calyx almost truncate, with 5 very minute teeth. \j . w. S. Native of the East Indies. Leaves on the compressed branches very minute, and simple. Flowers small, few, nearly sessile, at the tops of the branches. Compressed-branched Trumpet-flower. Shrub cl. ? 74 B. MACROSTA'CHYA (Wall. cat. no. 6505.) young branches and rachi of leaves downy ; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets 9, coriaceous, obovate-oblong, acuminated, the lower ones smaller and rounder : having small, subulate stipels at the base of the petiolules ; racemes long, terminal, simple ; corolla downy out- side ; bracteas long, linear, one to each pedicel. T? . S. Na- tive of the East Indies, on the banks of the Sakien river, and on rocks at Kogun. Long- spiked Trumpet-flower. Tree. 75 B. FIMBRIA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 6500.) erect? ; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets hairy, ovate-lanceolate, long-acumi- nated ; panicles terminal, trichotomous, best t with glandular hairs, as well as the calyxes, which are 5-lobed ; corolla funnel- shaped, with lacerately- fringed segments ; capsule long. ^ . S. Native of the Burmese Empire, at Moalmeyne. Pringed-fiovtered Trumpet-flower. Shrub or tree. 76 B. MULiijUGA (Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 81. t. 95. t. 96.) arboreous ; leaves impari-pinnate, with many pairs of leaflets ; leaflets dimidiately ovate-cordate, acuminated, quite entire ; panicles large, terminal ; capsule flat, lanceolate, membrana- ceously winged. (7 . S. Native of Silhet and Penang. A large tree, with thick, dotted branches, long leaves, and large leaflets. Flowers large, 3 inches long, by threes, dirty yellow, purplish inside, of a saponaceous odour. Panicle 4 feet long, erect. Calyx pentagonal, divided into 5, acute, cuspidate teeth. Corolla campanulate, densely villous outside. Wings of seed drawn out at both ends. Many-paired-\eaved Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1827. Tree. 77 B. ADENOPHY'LLA (Wall. cat. no. 6503.) branches downy ; leaves impari-pinnate, downy beneath, as well as the rachi ; leaflets obovate-oblong, mucronate, sessile ; the terminal one the largest, becoming gradually smaller to the base ; the lowest pair close to the stem, and rounder, distant from the others ; panicles terminal, clothed with rusty down ; calyx large, campa- nulate, thickly clothed with rusty down ; lobes triangular, acute; corolla large, thickly clothed with woolly tomentum outside, but glabrous inside, with rounded lobes. fj . S. Native of the Burmese Empire, on mount Taong-Dong, banks of the Irrawaddi ; Prome ; Segaen. Peduncles and pedicels thick. Bracteas ovate-acuminated, deciduous. Pods long, terete, ribbed, and curved, tomentose. Gland-leaved Trumpet-flower. Tree. 78 B. TELFAIRLE (Bojer, mss. ex Hook. bot. mag. 2976.) arboreous ; leaves impari-pinnate, with 6-9 pair of ovate-oblong, acuminated, shining leaflets ; panicles terminal, loose ; capsules terete, acuminated, fleshy ; seeds broadly winged, fj . S. Native of Madagascar, in the temperate regions of the mountains of Angove. Flowers horizontal, drooping, large, of a most delicate rose-colour. Calyx campanulate, with acute, green teeth, edged with red. Lobes of corolla rounded, crenately fringed. Telfair's Trumpet-flower. Tree 20 feet. 79 B. COLE'I (Bojer, mss. ex Hook. bot. mag. 2817.) leaves 3 in a whorl, impari-pinnate ; leaflets 5, elliptic, quite entire; flowers rising from the main stem, in clusters, on short pedicels ; capsules oblong, acuminated, warted. \j . S. Native of the Mauritius, and Timor. B. ramiflora, Nov. ann. mus. 3. p. 381. Calyx angular, 5-toothed, coloured ; teeth obtuse. Corolla with a cylindrical tube, swollen upwards, thrice as long as the calyx, reddish, veined with yellow ; segments of the limb roundish, waved, reddish purple. Anthers 1-celled, the other cell being abortive. Lady Cole's Trumpet-flower. Tree. § 7. Leaves decompound. 80 B. VARIA'BILIS (Jacq. hort. schcenbr. 2. p. 45. t. 212.) scandent, glabrous ; branches tetragonal ; lower leave s biter- nate ; superior ones conjugate, divisions ternate ; tendrils trifid, terminating the common petioles, as in the rest of the spe- cies ; racemes simple, short, many-flowered, terminal ; calyx 5-toothed. J? . ^. S. Native of Caraccas. Leaflets oblong, acuminated, glabrous. Corollas 3 inches long, with a greenish yellow tube, having the limb at first of the same colour ; but this afterwards becomes white. Variable Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1819. Shrub cl. 81 B. A'LBA (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 653. t. 266.) scandent; glabrous : leaves composed of S pinnate divisions, each division composed of 5 ovate-acuminated, petiolate leaflets ; corymbs axillary, dichotomous, many-flowered. f? . ,_,. S. Native of Guiana, on the banks of the ri.er Sinemari, Lam. diet. l.p. 420. Willd. spec. 3. p. 505. Jacaranda alba, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 834. Petioles and branchlets nodose. Flowers white. Fruit ovate-oblong, rugged. '2-2-2 BIGNONIACE^E. I. BIGNONIA. II. SPATHODEA. JF/jtte-flowered Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl. 82 B. AMCE'NA (Wall. pi. asiat. rar. 2. p. 78. t. 183.) leaves tripinnate : each pinnae furnished with 3 to 9 lanceolate, acumi- nated, quite entire, smooth leaflets ; panicle terminal, trichoto- mous ; "calyx bluntly 3-lobed ; limb of corolla puberulous out- side. Tj . S. Native of the Mauritius. Bign. amara, Loud, hort. brit. p. 483. Branches cylindrical, dotted. Flowers very fragrant, pale yellow, orange-coloured inside, drooping, sub- corymbose. Capsule cylindrical, slender, spiral. Leaves and leaflets on long, angular stalks. Pleasing Trumpet-flower. Clt. 1828. Tree. 83 B. GHORTA (Hamilt. herb, ex Wall. cat. no. 6510.) gla- brous : leaves impari-bipinnate ; common rachi jointed : partial ones winged, as also jointed ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, atte- nuated at the base, sessile, the odd one the largest ; panicles terminating the branches ; lobes of calyx slight, mucronate ; corolla glabrous, t? . S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers middle-sized. Leaves puberulous in the young state. Leaves with 3 pair of pinnae, the pinnae furnished with 2-3 pairs of leaflets. Ghorta Trumpet-flower. Tree or shrub. Cult. All the species of this genus are truly splendid while in blossom, and the greater number of them climbers ; they are therefore desirable plants to train up rafters and pillars, in stoves, as they grow and flower freely. A mixture of loam and peat suits them best ; and cuttings taken from young shoots strike root readily, under a hand-glass, in heat, either in mould or sand. II. SPATHO'DEA (from j . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Various-leaved Spathodea. Tree. 8 S. GLANDULOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 762.) arboreous ; leaves impari-pinnate and ternate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous, furnished with many glands beneath at the base ; panicles axillary and terminal, straight. \i . S. Native of Java, on the mountains of Parang, and at the foot of Mount Tjerimai. GVanrfw/ar-leafletted Spathodea. Fl. year. Tree 15 to 25 feet. 9 S. ADENA'NTHA ; leaves ternate, verticillate, or impari- pinnate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated, serrated ; racemes terminal. J; . S. Native of Guinea. Bignonia glandulosa, Schum. pi. guin. p. 274. Limb of calyx obsoletely 4-toothed. Corolla pale purple ; segments roundish, scattered with glands outside. Gland-flowered Spathodea. Tree 30 feet. 10 S. RHEE'DII (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 835.) arboreous; leaves downy, impari-pinnate ; leaflets 3-7 pairs, roundish, downy ; ra- cemes terminal, erect ; calyx spathaceous ; corolla much curved, slender. Jj. S. Native on the coast of Coromandel and Malabar. Bignonia spathacea, Lin. suppl. 283. Retz. obs. 5. p. 5. Roxb. cor. 2. t. 144. fl. ind. 3. p. 103. Bign. falcata, Kon. mss. — Rheed. 6. p. 53. t. 29. Shoots covered with whitish down. Racemes length of leaves. Flowers white, pretty large. Limb spreading. Fruit about a foot long, pendulous, twisted in various forms. This tree is called Woody by the Telingas ; Will-padri by the Tamuls. Rheede's Spathodea. Clt. 1794. Tree. 11 S. CRispA(\Vall. cat. no. 6515.) arboreous ; leaves villous, while young, pinnate ; leaflets 5-7, oblong ; racemes solitary, terminal, bearing a few flowers on long pedicels ; calyx spatha- ceous ; corolla salver-shaped, having the segments of the border nearly equal, and much curled. ^ • S. Native of Mysore, where it was collected by Dr. Buchanan. Bign. atrovirens, Roth. herb. madr. S. atrovirens, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 835. Leaves 6-10 inches long. Leaflets simple, very rarely ternate. BIGNONIACE/E. II. SPATHODEA. III. TECOMA. 223 Flowers large, white. Tube of corolla cylindrical, as in the last species. Follicles pendulous, 12-14 inches long. Curfcd-flowered Spathodea. Tree 25 feet. 1 „• S. ROXBU'RGHII (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 835.) arboreous ; leaves 3 in a whorl, or scattered, impari-pinnate ; leaflets from 4 to 5 pairs, serrated, smooth ; ranicles erect, terminal, dense, downy, many-flowered ; fruit narrow, 4-celled ; calyx generally 2-part- ed, with the upper lip 2-cleft, very downy, ij . S. Native of the Circars. Bignonia quadrilocularis, Roxb. cor. 2. t. 145. fl. ind. 3. p. 107. Bark grey, with a few scabrous spots. Branches forming a dense, spreading head. Flowers large, rose-coloured, delightfully fragrant. Limb of corolla nearly equal, having the edges elegantly waved. Fruit a foot long, 2 inches broad, \ an inch thick, straight, 2-valved, 4-celled : dissepiment enlarged in the middle, on each side, into a sharp ridge, which touches the valves, and divides each of the usual cells into 2 compartments ; and in these ridges the seeds are fixed. This species is also remarkable on account of the serrated leaves. The wood is employed for many purposes by the natives. Roxburgh's Spathodea. Clt. 1S20. Tree large. 13 S. STIPULA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 6518.) arboreous; tender parts villous ; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets 4-6 pairs from ovate to oblong-elliptic ; common petioles channelled ; stipulas a tuft of sessile, orbicular ones in the axils of the leaves. I? . S. Native of Pegu. Bignonia stipulate, Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 108. Branches 4-cornered. Calyx and peduncles very woolly. Follicles cylindrical. Stipulate Spathodea. Tree 10 to 20 feet. 14 S. LOKGIFLOKA (Vent, ex Pers. ench. 2. p. 173.) arbo- reous ; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets about 4 pairs, ovate to oblong, entire, cuspidate, downy while young ; lower pair the smallest ; panicles large, spreading, terminal ; corolla bilabiate ; follicles pendulous, long, slender, sub-cylindrical, with sharp edges, and variously curved. ^ . S. Native about Coromandel and Malabar, in the more mountainous parts, as well as of Ceylon and Java. Bignonia chelonoides, Lin. suppl. 283. Roxb. fl. ind. S. p. 106. Bignonia longiflora, Willd. spec. 3. p. 304. Padri, Rheed, mal. 6. p. 53. t. 29. Pori-padyra- marum of the Taniuls, and Tagada of the Telingas. Bark scabrous, brown. Leaves a foot long, glabrous in the adult state. Leaflets 4 inches long, and 2 broad. Ramifications of panicles decussate, the smaller or terminal ones dichotomou?, with a sessile flower in the fork. Flowers pretty large, yellow, very fragrant. Follicles very long. The wood of this tree is high-coloured, hard, durable, and of much use amongst the inhabitants of the hills, where it is plentiful. Long-faltered Spathodea. Clt. 1816. Tree large. 15 S. CORYMBOSA (Vent, ex Pers. ench. 2. p. 173. I Spreng. syst. 2. p. 835.) erect; leaves conjugate, glabrous; leaflets sub-cordate, acute, quite entire ; petioles glandular at the base ; flowers corymbose, fj . S. Native of Trinidad. Flowers yellow. Corym&ose-flowered Spathodea. Clt. 1824. Tree. 16 S. CAMPAXULA'TA (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 1. p. 47. t. 27-28.) arboreous, glabrous ; leaves alternate, impari-pinuate ; leaflets 9, oblong-lanceolate, tapering to both ends ; flowers racemose, terminal ; calyx thick, arcuately reflexed, rather villous. I; . S. Native of the west coast of Africa, in the kingdom of Waree. Corolla large, campanulate, of a reddish orange-colour, having the segments bordered with yellow. Genitals declinate. This species is remarkable, in having alternate leaves ; the leaflets are, however, opposite. Com;;onu/a, ovate, serrated, bearded in the axils of the veins beneath ; racemes terminal on long peduncles ; calyx 5-toothed ; limb of corolla 4-parted ; segments nearly equal, obtuse ; the upper one emarginate. \ . w. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Bignonia Capensis, Thunb. prod, p. 105. Ait. hort. kew. 4. p. 50. Flowers middle-sized, of an orange scarlet colour, 2 inches long. Cape Tecoma. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1783. Shrub cl. 20 T. GRASDiFLORA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 184.) slightly scandent, glabrous: leaflets 7-9, ovate, acuminated, coarsely serrated, attenuated at the base ; panicles terminal, pendu- lous ; calycine segments lanceolate, length of the tube of the corolla. fj . w. G. Native of China and Japan. Bigno- nia grandiflora, Thnnb. jap. 253. Blum, bijdr. 778. Bign. Chinensis, Lam. diet. 1. p. 424. Rjotsjo, Kasmpf. amoen. p. 856. Banks, icon. Kaempf. t. 21. Incarvillea grandiflora, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 836. Tung-tong-Ja of the Chinese. Branches rooting. Young shoots spotted with dark purple. Leaves 6-10 inches long ; petioles marginate. Flowers pendu- lous, forming terminal, cross-armed panicles, large, of a tawny orange colour on the outside, and of a tolerably bright reddish orange inside, with brighter streaks. Nectary a glandular, cre- nated rinjr. Anterior lobe of stigma recurved. Grtat-fowered Tecoma. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub climbing. 21 T. RADicAus (Juss. gen. p. 139.) scandent, glabrous; branches rough, radicant ; leaflets 9, ovate, acuminated, coarsely serrated ; racemes terminal, corymbose, on long peduncles ; tube of corolla 5 times longer than the calyx. Ij.^.H. Native of Caro- lina, Florida, and Virginia. Bignonia radicans, Lin. spec. 871. hort. cliff. 317. ups. 178. Grov. \-\TS. 73. Mill. icon. t. 65. Duham, arb. 1. p. 103. t. 1. Sabb. hort. 2. t. 84. Du Roi, hardb. 1. p. 116. Wangenh. amer. 68. t. 26. f. 53. Willd. arb. 47. Curt. bot. mag. 485. — Riv. mon. p. 101. — Mor. hist. 3. p. 612. f. 15. t. 3. f. 1.— Corn. can. 102. t. 103. This is a beautiful hardy climber, fixing itself to trees or walls, by roots, like ivy. The flowers are produced at the ends of die shoots, VOL. IT. in large bunches ; and have long swelling tubes, shaped some- what like a trumpet, whence this species, as well as all the species of Bigiwnia, have the name of Trumpet-flower. The corolla is large, scarlet orange-coloured. Var. /3, minor ; flowers smaller, scarlet. >j . ^ H. Native of Carolina, There is a remarkable difference between this and the species, in the shape and size of the leaves, as well as in the colour and size of the flowers. footing Tecoma. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1640, /3, 1724. Shrub cl. § 5. Leares decompound. 22 T. XYLOCA'RPA ; arboreous ; leaves bi-tripinnate ; leaflets from obliquely oblong to semicordate ; panicles terminal ; seg- ments of the limb of -the corolla round, and curled ; capsules long, linear, crooked, ligneous, tubercled. T? . S. Native of Soonda, in the East Indies. Bignonia xylocarpa, Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 108. Bark ash-coloured, rather spongy, and considerably cracked. Leaves 1-4 feet long. Common petioles scabrous. Branches of panicle opposite or tern, 2-3 or more times dichoto- mous, slightly downy, with a single flower in each fork. Brae- teas ovate-oblong. Flowers large, white, with a tinge of yellow, delightfully fragrant. Capsule 2 feet long; dissepiment con- trary. Woody-fruited Tecoma. Tree 20 to 40 feet. Cult. All the species of this genus are elegant plants, well worth the cultivator's care. T. radicant is a hardy climbing shrub, well fitted for decorating a wall, or front of a house. The other species require the same treatment as that recommended for the species of Bignonia, see p. 222. IV. JACARA'NDA (the name of /. Braziliana in Brazil.) Juss. gen. p. 138. ed. Usteri, p. 154. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 145. Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 1. p. 59. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1823. — Bignonia species of some authors. LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed ; rarely tubular, truncate, entire. Corolla tubular at the base, very much dilated above, campanulate, ventricose beneath; limb bilabiate, 5-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous ; with a fifth longer, sterile filament, which is villously bearded at top. Anthers 1-lobed in most of the species, with an obsolete rudi- ment of another lobe ; rarely 2-lobed (as in Jacardnda tomen- tdsa), with the lobes equal and diverging. Stigma bilatnellate. Capsule broad, compressed, 2-celled ; valves thick, ligneous ; dissepiment contrary to the valves, placentiferous on both sides. Seeds flat, transverse, with foliaceously- winged edges ; outer testa coriaceous, rugosely plicate. — Trees natives of South Ame- rica, with the habit of the fine-leaved species of Acacia. Leaves opposite, bipinnate. Flowers showy, panicled, terminal, rarely- lateral, blue, violaceous, or yellow. $ 1 . Anthers 1 -looed. Leaves abruptly bi-pinnate. 1 J. ACUTIFOLIA (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 1. p. 59. t. 17. nov. gen. 3. p. 145.) leaves bipinnate, usually with 5-6 pair of alternate pinnae; leaflets 9-12 pairs, linear-lanceolate, acumi- nated, glabrous ; corolla silky, with a straight tube. Fj . S. Native of Peru, near San Felipe : and on the banks of the river Guancabamba. Bark grey, chinky. Leaflets opposite or alter- nate. Panicle terminal, large, pyramidal, many-flowered. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed ; teeth ovate, acute. Corolla large, violaceous ; with a campanulate throat, ventricose beneath. Capsule oval, acutish. Acute-leaved Jacaranda. Tree 10 feet. 2 J. OBTUSIFOLIA (Humb. et Bonp. pi. sequin. 1. p. 62. t. 18. Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 145.) leaves bipinnate ; with many pairs G G 220 BIGNONIACE^E. IV. JACARANDA. V. AMPHILOPHIUM. of alternate or opposite pinnae (about 1 5 pairs) ; leaflets many- pairs alternate or opposite, oval-oblong, obtuse, downy ; corollas glabrous, having an arched tube, which is three times shorter than the throat. T? . S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco, in shady places, near Carichana, where it is called Arbol del roseto. Bark grey, wrinkled. Leaves a foot long. Leaflets contiguous. Panicle large, many-flowered, diffuse, usually lateral. Calyx small, campanulate, 5-toothed ; teeth acute. Corolla violaceous, gla- brous, larger than those of J. mimosifblia ; throat much dilated. Ovarium ovate, 2-edged. Obtuse-leaved Jacaranda. Tree 30 feet. 3 J. MIMOSIFOLIA (D. Don, in bot. reg. t. 631.) leaves bipin- nate, with many pairs of opposite pinnae (14-24 pair), each pinnae bearing 10-28 pair of trapezoid-oval oblong, mucronate, downy leaflets, the odd or terminal leaflet lanceolate, and longer than the lateral ones ; corollas silky, having the tube a little arched, and 3 times shorter than the throat. T; . S. Native of Brazil. J. ovalifolia, R. Br. in bot. mag. t. 2327. Bark grey, nodose from cicatrices at bottom. Leaves beset with scattered, shining dots. Leaves \\ foot long. Panicles large, terminal, naked, erectly pyramidal. Flowers showy, drooping, blue. Calyx villous, 5-toothed. Ovarium ovate-oblong, acuminated. Mimosa-leaved Jacaranda. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1818. Tree 6 to 1 0 feet. 4 J. FILICIFOUA (D. Don. in edinb. phil. journ. 1823.) leaves bipinnate, with many pairs of opposite pinnae (9-18 pair), each pinnae bearing from 6 to 15 pair of contiguous trapezoid-oval, mucronate, glabrous, coriaceous leaflets : the odd or terminal one elliptic-rhomboid, acute, large ; corolla glabrous, with an arched tube about equal in length to the throat. J? • S. Native in woods, at the river Essequibo. J. rhombifolia, Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 213. Bignonia filicif61ia, Anderson, cat. hort. St. Vincent, in trans, soc. arts, &c. vol. 25. p. 200. Branches elon- gated, with broad cicatrices occasioned by the falling of the leaves. Leaves 1 to Ij foot, shining above, and glaucous beneath. Panicles lateral and terminal. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Corollas large, violaceous, with a narrow cylin- drical tube, and a wide, campanulate throat. Ovarium elliptic. Fern-leaved Jacaranda. Fl. ? Clt. 1800. Tree 25 to 40 feet. 5 J. COPA'IA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1823.) leaves bipinnate, with 4-5 pairs of opposite pinnae, each pinna bearing 3-6 pair of elliptic or cuneated, obtuse, coriaceous, glabrous leaflets ; calyx tubular, truncate ; corollas velvety. Tj • S. Native of Guiana, in woods. Bignonia, Capaia, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 650. t. 265. and 262. J. procera, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 834. Bignonia procera, Willd. spec. 3. p. 307. Pers. ench. 2. p. 173. Bark thick, grey, wrinkled. Leaves 1^ to 2 feet long. Panicle large, terminal. Calyx truncate, entire, with a short cleft on both sides of the mouth. Corolla blue, size of those of Digitalis ambigua, with a dilated, ventricose, bearded throat. Capsule oval, obtuse. Copaia Jacaranda. Clt. 1793. Tree 60 to 80 feet. 6 J. BAHAME'NSIS (Sims. bot. mag. under no. 2327.) leaves bipinnate ; pinnae alternate ; leaflets opposite or alternate, acute at both ends ; calyx truncate ; corollas glabrous. Tj . S. Native of the Bahama Islands, particularly of the Island of Providence, near the town of Nassau, Catesby. Bignonia ccerulea, Lin. spec. 872. Mill. diet. no. 11. Willd. spec. 3. p. 307.— Catesb. car. 1. p. 42. t. 42. Panicle terminal. Flowers blue. Fruit emarginate. J3a/irt»,a-island Jacaranda. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 724. Tree. 7 J. BRASILIA'NA (Lam. diet. 1. p. 420.) leaves bipinnate; leaflets oblong, acute ; panicles lateral ; fruit short, with sinuated edges. \) . S. Native of Brazil. Bignonia Braziliana, Willd. spec. 3. p. 307. Jacaranda II. Pis, bras. p. 165. Flowers yellow. This species will be easily distinguished from the rest, by its yellow flowers. We know nothing of the anthers. Brazilian Jacaranda. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 to 30 feet. § 2. Anthers Z-lobed : lobes equal. Leaves impari-bipinnate. 8 J. TOMENTOSA (R. Br. in bot. mag. under no. 2327. in bot. reg. 1103.) leaves bipinnate, with 3-5 pairs of pinnae, and an odd one ; leaflets ovate or elliptic, acute or acuminated, un- equal, tomentose in the young state, and beneath in the adult state ; corollas silky ; branches downy. Tj . S. Native of Brazil, Sir George Staunton, and Sello. J. pubescens, Lodd. cat.? Bark grey. Leaves a span long. Panicles small, ter- minal, tomentose ; peduncles 1-3-flowered. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed ; teeth ovate, acute. Corolla violaceous or blue ; with a widened throat. Capsule oval-orbicular. Tomentose Jacaranda. Fl. ? Clt. 1824. Tree 20 to 30 feet. Cult. Jacaranda is a genus composed of elegant trees, having much the habit of the fine-leaved Acacias ; bearing large, usu- ally terminal panicles of showy blue, or violaceous flowers, and on that account are worth cultivating in every collection of stove plants. They grow freely in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, or any light rich soil ; and cuttings, half ripened, strike root readily, if planted in sand, with a hand-glass placed over them ; but the leaves of these cuttings should not be shortened, or cut in any way. If the trees are kept dry in winter, it will check their growth, and throw them into flower. V. AMPHILOTHIUM (from a/x^Xo^oc, amphilophos, crested on all sides ; limb of corolla much curled.) H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 148. — Bignonia species, Lin. LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx campanulate, with a double limb ; inner one bilabiate ; outer one spreading, undulately curled. Corolla somewhat coriaceous, with a short tube, a large ventricose throat, which is sulcately compressed in front : limb bilabiate ; upper lip large, helmet-shaped, bidentate ; lower one straight, tridentate, about equal in length to the supe- rior one. Stamens 4, didynamous, that is, 2 long, and 2 short, with the rudiment of a fifth. Lobes of anthers cohering at top, divaricate. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule ovate, rather ligneous, 2-celled, 2-valved. Seeds imbricate, membranaceously-winged, transverse. — Climbing, cirrhose shrubs; with opposite, conjugate leaves, and terminal panicles of rose-coloured or red flowers. 1 A. PANICULA'TUM (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 149.) leaves conjugate ; leaflets ovate-roundish, acuminated, subcordate, finely lepidoted on both surfaces, clothed with down-like hairs on the middle nerve beneath, and on the inside of the petioles ; tendrils trifid. fj . ^. S. Native of New Andalusia, near the monastery of Caripe, and on mount Cocollar. Bignonia pani~ culata, Lin. spec. 869. Jacq. amer. 183. t. 116. Vahl. symb. 3. p. 80. — Plum. spec. 5. icon. 56. f. 11. Panicle composed of 3-flowered peduncles. Corollas rather fleshy, rose-coloured. Jacquin's plant has the lower leaves ternate. Far. fl, nolle; leaflets orbicular, acuminated, cordate, clothed with adpressed, rufescent, stellate, branched tomentum beneath. Tj . ^j. S. Native near Vera Cruz. A. molle, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea. 5. p. 120. Branches tetragonal, tomen- tose. Panicled Amphilophium. Fl. ? Clt. 1738. Shrub cl. 2 A. MUTISII (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 149. t. 219.) leaves conjugate; leaflets ovate-roundish, acuminated, cordate, finely lepidoted on both surfaces ; petioles glabrous ; tendrils angular, trifid at top. Tj . w. S. Native of New Granada, near Mariquita, in temperate places. Branches some- what 6-angled, glabrous, white ; branchlets green, beset with powdery atoms. Branches of panicle few-flowered. Corollas BIGNONIACE.E. VI, ZEYHERIA. VII. FBEDERICIA. VIII. FERDINANDUSA. IX. STENOLOBIOT. 227 fleshy, rose-coloured. Very nearly allied to the preceding species. Mutis's Amphilophium. Shrub cl. 3 A. MACROPHY'LLUM (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 150.) leaves conjugate ; leaflets ovate-roundish, acuminated, cordate, hairy and shining above, and clothed with fuscescent tomentum be- neath, as well as the petioles ; tendrils ? fj . w. S. Native of New Granada, near Turbaco. Hairs and tomentum stellate. Branches sulcately angular. Panicles axillary and terminal, clothed with fuscescent tomentum. Branches dichotomous. Corollas red. Large-leaved Amphilophium. Shrub cl. 4 A. ? PUBE'SCENS (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 836.) leaves ternately bi-pinnate, downy ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, sessile, almost quite entire ; flowers axillary, opposite, pedunculate. Tj . v_;. S. Na- tive of Brazil. Donny Amphilophium. Shrub tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see the climbing species of Bignonia, p. 222. VI. ZEYHE'RIA (named in honour of M. Zeyher, director of the Botanic Garden at Baden ; and author of several botanical papers.) Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 65. t. 159. LIK. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx spathaceous, closed, at length bipartite. Corolla tubular ; tube nearly equal ; limb 5-lobed, hardly bilabiate. Stamens 4, didynamous, with the rudiment of a fifth sterile one. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule echinated, orbicular, compressed, having the dissepi- ment contrary to the valves. Seeds with membranous wings, imbricated. — A small tree, or large shrub ; branches opposite. Leaves opposite, digitate. Flowers terminal, paniculately co- rymbose ; bracteas twin, naked, axillary. 1 Z. MONTA'NA (Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 66. t. 159.) leaves digitate ; leaflets 5, lanceolate, clothed with fulvous, fari- naceous, stellate tomentum beneath, as well as outer branches and inflorescence. ^ . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul. Spathodea montana, Spreng. syst. add. p. 237. Co- rolla 1 to 1 J inch long, clothed with golden, lepidoted tomentum outside ; segments ciliated, the 3 superior ones narrower and shorter. Mountain Zeyheria. Shrub 7 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation, see Jacar&nda, p. 226. VII. FREDERI'CIA (named in compliment to Frederick William III. King of Bavaria, a great promoter of the sciences.) Mart, in nov. act. bonn. 13. p. 7. t. A. and B. LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx tubularly campanulate, pentagonal, coloured ; with 5 short teeth. Corolla salver-shaped ; with a cylindrical tube, and a spreading border ; limb 5-6-cleft ; segments spreading, roundish. Stamens 4, didynamous, with the rudiment of a fifth sterile one ; filaments bearded at the base ; lobes of anthers divaricate. Stigma bila- mellate. Capsule compressed, oblong, acutish, almost as broad as long ; dissepiment contrary to the valves. Seeds transverse, with membranous margins. — Branched, rambling shrubs. Leaves ternate ; leaflets quite entire. Flowers terminal, panicled, bracteate. Inflorescence scarlet. 1. F. SPECIOSA (Mart. 1. c. p. 9. t. A.) leaflets oblong, acumi- nated, flattish, bearded in the axils of the veins beneath ; panicle pyramidal, spreading ; calyx and corolla 5-cleft. 1? . w. S. Native of Brazil, in the provinces of St. Paul and Rio Janeiro, in woods. Branches terete, striated, glabrous. Panicle large, having the rachis and peduncles tetragonal, purplish scarlet, and clothed with fine villi. Corollas scarlet, or reddish yellow. There are varieties of this species, having the corolla more or less red or yellow, with a glabrous or downy throat. Showy Fredericia. Shrub cl. 2 F. GULIE'LMI (Mart. 1. c. p. 11. t. B.) leaflets ovate-oblong, acute at the base, and short-acuminated at the apex, usually complicate, quite glabrous on both surfaces ; panicle compact ; calyx, but particularly the corolla, for the most part 6-cleft. Ij . w. S. Native of Brazil, in the interior parts of the province of Bahia, in woods. Branches terete, glabrous, often rough from warts. Rachis, peduncles, and pedicels tetragonal, scarlet, and downy. Corolla yellow, downy outside, as in the first species. William's Fredericia. Shrub cl. Cult. For culture and propagation see Bignonia, p. 222. VIII. FERDINANDU'SA (named in honour of Ferdinand, hereditary prince of Austria.) Pohl, bot. zeit. 1827. no. 10. p. 153. pi. bras. 2. p. 8. LIK. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, 4-parted ; segments unequal, bifid, bearded at apex. Stamens 4, didynamous; rudiment of a fifth not seen. Anthers involute at the base and apex ; cells parallel or combined ; pollen spherical, yellow. Ovarium gib- bous at apex, 4-cleft. Style elongated. Stigma bipartite. Capsule large, elliptic, ovate, 2-celled, 4-valved. Seeds un- known.— Erect, middle-sized trees. Leaves large, opposite, coriaceous, blackish or yellowish green, shining, quite entire, ovate, on short petioles ; bracteas small. Flowers terminal and axillary, corymbose, scarlet or whitish-green. Stamens and stigmas exserted. Throat of corolla naked. This genus is nearly allied to Fredericia and Zeyheria, Mart. 1 F. ELLIPTICA (Pohl, bras. 2. p. 9. t. 106.) leaves oval- elliptic, obtuse at the apex ; bracteas roundish, trifid. I? . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, in boggy places. Leaves dark green above, and yellowish green beneath. Corollas whitish green. Elliptic-leaved Ferdinandusa. Tree 12 feet. 2 F. OVA'LIS (Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 10. t. 107.) leaves oval, marginated, acutish at the apex ; bracteas roundish, quite entire, acute, half stem -clasping, ciliated at their confluence. fj . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Goyaz, near to the town of the same name, at Serra de Manoel Gomez. Corollas dark red or scarlet. Leaves dark green above, and yellowish be- neath. OcaMeaved Ferdinandusa. Tree 10 to 12 feet. 3 F. SPECIOSA ^Pohl, pi. bras. 2. p. 12. t. 108.) leaves oval- elliptic, emarginate, acute ; bracteas lanceolate, quite entire, scarious. f; . S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, on Serra de Spilons ; and of the province of Goyaz, at Caza de Telha, and St. Cruz. Corollas scarlet, 2 inches long. Leaves greenish yellow. Shmcy Ferdinandusa. Tree 9 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Jacardnda, p. 226. The species are extremely elegant when in blossom. IX. STENOLO'BIUM (from OTEVOQ, stenos, narrow ; and Xo/3oc, lobos, a pod ; in reference to the narrow, linear, siliquose capsule.) D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1823. LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx small, campa- nulate, 5-toothed, equal. Corolla with a narrow tube ; a dilated, inflated, campanulate throat ; and a 5-lobed, equal, bilabiate limb. Stamens 4, didynamous, that is, 2 long, and 2 shortv with a very short rudiment of a fifth ; lobes of anthers linear, spread- ingly divaricate. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule narrow-linear, siliquose, compressed, 2-celled ; dissepiment parallel with the G G 2 228 BIGNONIACEjE. X. DELOSTOMA. XI. ASTIANTHUS. XII. CHILOPSIS. XIII. OXERA. XIV. PLATYCARPUM. valves. Seeds flat, transverse, with membranous margins. — A frondose, erect tree. Leaves opposite, simple, very like those of the sweet chestnut, elliptic, coriaceous, acute, feather- nerved, petiolate, with serrated edges, clothed with copious stellate tomentum beneath, 5-7 inches long, and 2-3 broad, gla- brous above. Flowers terminal, numerous, spicately panicled, reddish purple, size of those of Jacaranda. Style slender, shorter than the stamens. Capsule 5 inches long. 1 S. CASTANIFOLIUM (D. Don, 1. c.) Tj . G. Native of Peru, in woods, at Huayaquil. Bignonia serrata, Pav. mss. in herb. Lamb. Chestnut-leaved Stenolobium. Tree erect. Cult. For culture and propagation see Jacaranda, p. 226. X. DELO'STOMA (from Sn\os, delos, manifest; and oro/ia, stoma, a mouth ; in allusion to the wide mouth of the flower.) D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1823. — Bignonia species of Pav. LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx campanulate, 3-lobed, coriaceous. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a dilated throat, and a spreading, bilabiate limb ; lower lip 3-lobed ; upper lip shorter, and 2-lobed ; lobes broad, roundish, flat. Stamens 4, didynamous, that is, 2 long and 2 short; with the addition of a short fifth sterile, glabrous one. Lobes of anthers parallel, equal. Stigma broad, bilamel- late. Capsule lanceolate, compressed, 2-celled ; valves coria- ceous, rather fleshy : dissepiment parallel with the valves. Seeds flat, transverse, with broad, membranous edges. — Frondose trees, natives of Peru. Leaves simple, opposite, elliptic, pe- tiolate, bluntly acuminated. Flowers terminal, spicately race- mose, large, rose-coloured. The campanulate, 3-lobed calyx, the figure of a corolla ; the parallel lobes of the anthers ; and the structure and form of the capsule; are the marks which par- ticularly characterize this genus. 1 D. DENTA'TUM (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves elliptic-oblong, toothed, downy beneath. Jj • S. Native of Peru. Bignonia rosea, Pav. mss. in herb Lamb. Flowers rose-coloured. Toothed-leaved Delostoma. Tree. 2 D. INTEGRIFOLIUM (D. Don, 1. c.) leaves elliptic, quite entire, tomentose beneath. (7 . S. Native of Peru. Bignonia simplicifolia, Pav. mss. in herb. Lamb. Entire-leaved Delostoma. Tree. Cult. For culture and propagation see Jacaranda, p. 226. XI. ASTIA'NTHUS (from aarnog, asteios, beautiful ; and ctvSoe, anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the brilliant flowers.) D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1823. LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx tubular ; limb equal, 5-toothed. Corolla tubular at the base, but with a dilated, campanulate, ventricose throat ; limb 5-lobed, bilabiate ; lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe large ; the superior lip 2-lobed, and reflexed. Stamens 4, didynamous ; with a shorter, glabrous rudiment of a fifth sterile one. Stigma bilamellate. Anthers naked ; lobes equal, confluent. Capsule very long, siliquose, 2- celled. Dissepiment parallel with the valves, thick, placentife- rous on both sides. Seeds transverse, compressed ; with winged margins, and pappose from numerous villi. — An erect, branched, frondose shrub, native of Mexico. Branches terete, glabrous. Leaves simple, tern, elongated, broad-linear, coriaceous, quite entire, glabrous, 6-10 inches long, 1-nerved, attenuated at both ends. Flowers terminal, numerous, panicled. Corolla larger than that of Digitalis purpurea, reddish purple. Lobes of the limb of the corolla broad, round, with curled and erose edges. This genus is distinguished from Bignonia, in the con- fluent lobes of the anthers, by its seeds being furnished with a villous pappous, and by its habit. It differs from Tecoma, besides the characters above enumerated, in having a parallel, and not a transverse dissepiment ; and from Spathbdea, with some species of which it agrees in habit ; but is readily distin- guished by the structure of its capsule, in having seeds furnished with a villous pappous, and lastly, in the lobes of the anthers being confluent. 1 A. LONGIFOLIUS (D. Don, 1. c.) Jj . S. Native of Mexico. Long-leaved Astianthus. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation see Jacaranda, p. 226. XII. CHILO'PSIS (from xet^°c, che'ilos, a lip ; and o^, ops, resemblance ; on account of the calyx being furnished with a distinct lip.) D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1823. — Bignonia species, Cav. LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx membranous, oblong, ventricose, cleft on the lower side, even to the base ; limb oblique, tridentate on the upper side. Corolla with a tubular base, and a dilated campanulate throat ; limb 5-lobed, bilabiate ; lobes oval-roundish, with curled, crenated edges ; lower lobe large, oblong. Stamens 4, didynamous ; besides the rudiment of a fifth sterile, glabrous one. Stigma bilamellate. Anthers naked ; lobes equal, divaricate. Capsule short, sili- quose, 2-celled : dissepiment contrary, placentiferous. Seeds transverse, with membranous margins. — An erect, branched shrub, native of Mexico ; with terete, downy branches. Leaves alternate, linear, flat, elongated, 3-5 inches long, glabrous, coriaceous, attenuated at both ends. Racemes ter- minal, short, dense, tomentose ; pedicels short, furnished with 2 linear-lanceolate bracteoles each. Lobes of stigma replicate. Corolla dark purple, size of those of Chelone. This is a well- marked genus, readily distinguished from Spathbdea, in the structure of its capsule, and by having simple, alternate leaves. 1 C. SALIGNA (D. Don, 1. c.) I? . S. Native of Mexico. Bignonia linearis, Cav. icon. 3. t. 269. JFzMoro-leaved Chilopsis. Fl. ? Clt. 1825. Shrub 10 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Jacaranda, p. 226. XIII. OXE'RA (from oyic/jpoe, onkeros, tumid ; in allusion to the swollen throat of the corolla.) Labill. sert. cal. p. 23. t. 28. — Oncoma, Spreng. gen. 1. p. 24. LIN. SYST. Didndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 4-parted, scarious. Corolla tubular at the base, and dilated at the throat ; limb 4- cleft, nearly equal. Stamens 4, 2 of which are fertile. Anthers 2-celled, exserted. Ovarium 4-lobed, seated on a glandular disk. Ovula numerous, fixed to fleshy, central placentas. Style central, incurved ; stigma bifid. Fruit probably baccate — A shrub, about 6 feet high ; with pale, sulphur-coloured, warted branches. Leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, exstipulate. Racemes axillary. Flowers pendulous, sub-umbellate. Fertile stamens, and style exserted. Peduncles twice trichotomous, bracteate. Flowers large. 1 O. PULCHE'LLA ? (Labill. 1. c.) Tj . G. Native of New Caledonia. JVeai-leaved Oxera. Shrub 6 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Jacaranda, p. 226. XIV. PLATYCA'RPUM (from TrXarue, platys, broad ; and rapiroe, carpos, a fruit ; in reference to the broad compressed fruit.) Humb. et Bonpl. pi. sequin. 2. p. 81. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 1. p. 151. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, equal. Corolla with a short tube, a funnel-shaped throat, and a 5-cleft, equal limb. Stamens 5, equal. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule didymous, ligneous, compressed, 2-celled, 2-valved ; dissepiment contrary to the valves, and adnate to them ; cells 2-seeded. Seeds membranaceously winged. — A large tree ; with opposite, simple entire leaves; and terminal panicles of pale red flowers. BIGNONIACE^:. XV. CALOSASTHES. XVI. MILLINGTONIA. XVII. ARGYLIA. 229 1 P. ORINOCE'NSE (Hutnb. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 2. p. 81. t. 104.) T?. S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco, near Atures. Sickingia Orinocensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 622. A tree, with a dense head. Bark thin, smoothish ; wood white. Branchlets clothed with rusty tomentum at top. Leaves petio- late, obovate-oblong, obtuse, 5-6 inches long, white beneath, and clothed with rusty down on the nerves and veins. Petioles pilose. Branches of panicle dichotomous. Orinoco Platycarpum. Tree 25 to 40 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Jacardnda, p. 226. XV. CALOSA'NTHES (from KO\OS, calos, beautiful; and avSos, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the beauty of the flowers.) Bignonia species of Roxb. Blum, bijdr. 760. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx entire, coria- ceous, tubular, campanulate. Corolla with a short tube, a campanulate throat, and a bilabiate border ; upper lip 2-cleft ; under lip 3-cleft ; segments wrinkled. Stamens 5, all antheri- ferous ; the exterior pair the longest, bending in under the upper lip, very woolly at the base ; anthers double, each part oblong, bursting on the under side. Hypogynous disk, a some- what pentagonal, fleshy body. Style length of stamens, hollow its whole length, having a funnel-shaped mouth, opening be- tween the membranous, orbicular lobes of the stigma. Capsule silique- formed, large, compressed transversely, a little curved, having the convexity upwards ; dissepiment contrary to the valves ?. Seeds numerous, surrounded by a delicate, semi-cir- cular, membranous wing — A large tree, with opposite, supra- decompound leaves ; and terminal, secund racemes of flowers. 1 C. I'NDICA (Blum, bijdr. 761.) I? . S. Native of the coast of Coromandel and Malabar, in forests, among the mountains ; and of Java, where it is called Pompuran. Bignonia I'ndica, Lin. Willd. spec. 3. p. 306. Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 110. Bignonia pentandra, Lour. coch. 460. Spathodea Indica, Pers. ench. 1. p. 173. Palego-Pajoneli, Rheed. mal. 1. t. 43 and 44. Shyonaka and Mundooka-puna, are two of its Sanscrit names ; Shyona is its Hindostanee name ; Vanga marum is the Tamul name ; and Pampena, the Telinga name. Tree large. Leaves opposite, decussate, 4-5 feet long. Leaflets obliquely cordate, smooth, pointed. Peduncles and pedicels scabrous. Racemes terminal, secund, erect, stiff; lower two thirds naked and scabrous, somewhat quadrangular ; upper third part imbricated on one side by very large, fleshy, dark red flowers ; with scarcely any bracteas. Capsule long, linear. Indian Calosanthes. Fl. ? Clt. 1775. Tree 40 to 50 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Jacardnda, p. 226. XVI. MILLINGTO'NIA (named in honour of Thomas Millington, an English botanist, who has written on vegetable physiology.) Lin. suppl. 291. Juss. gen. 138. Willd. spec. 3. p. 382. Bignonia suberosa, Roxb. LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx small, slightly 5-parted ; with nearly equal divisions. Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube from 2 to 3 inches long, slender and cylindrical ; limb 4- parted ; the upper division broadest, and nearly half 2-cleft. Stamens 4, didynamous, exserted, without any rudiment of a sterile filament ; anthers spurred. Ovarium oblong. Style as long as the corolla ; stigma bilamellate. Capsule slender, linear, pretty smooth, 2-celled, thin, pointed, about a foot long, and 3 inches broad, and one line thick ; dissepiment pa- rallel with the valves. Seeds numerous, round, surrounded by a remarkably fine pellucid membrane. Embryo with 2 emargi- nate, reniform cotyledons. — A large tree. Bark deeply cracked, and spongy. Leaves opposite, supra-decompound ; leaflets subcordate, entire. Panicles terminal. Wood white, firm, and close-grained. 1 M. HORTE'NSIS (Lin. suppl. 291. Willd. spec. 3. p. 382.) 1? . S. Native of the East Indies, but in what particular place is unknown. Bignonia suberosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 3. p. 111. Leaves about 2 feet long. Leaflets acuminated, 1-3 inches long. Panicle cross-armed; ramifications horizontal, the first trichoto- mous, then dichotomous, with generally a simple flower in the fork. Bracteas minute. Flowers numerous, large, pure white, delightfully fragrant. Garden Millingtonia. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Tree 50 to 60 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Jacardnda, p. 226. XVII. ARGY'LIA (this beautiful genus is dedicated to the memory of Archibald, Duke of Argyle, a nobleman distinguished for his patriotic virtues, and love of science, and more especially of botany. His fine garden at Whitton Park, in Middlesex, was justly celebrated towards the middle of the last century. It contained a very extensive collection of plants, particularly of ornamental and useful American trees, many of which he him- self first introduced to this country.) D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1823, and 1829, July. LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla with a tubular base, and a ventricose throat ; limb nearly equal, 5-lobed, imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 4, didyna- mous, that is, 2 long, and 2 short, without any rudiment of a sterile one. Anthers beardless, 2-parted ; lobes obtuse, divari- cate, distinct at apex, dehiscing by a longitudinal chink. Stigma bilamellate, pruinose. Capsule silique-formed, 2-celled, 2- valved, many-seeded, torulose ; valves crustaceous, navicular. Seeds transverse, wingless, reniform, 2-lobed at apex, with an obtuse margin, concave and striated on one side, and convex and tubercled on the other ; outer testa coriaceous. Embryo conforming to the cavity of the seed. — Perennial, green herbs. Roots thick, divided, fleshy, fusiform. Stems erect, terete, branched, viscid, downy, fleshy. Leaves alternate, remote, peltately digitate, petiolate ; leaflets deeply bi-tripin- natifid, unequal, disposed in a circle, minutely downy and viscid. Peduncle a continuation of the stem, fleshy. Flowers terminal, racemose, numerous ; pedicels short, alternate, each furnished with a bractea at the base. Corollas large, yellow, size of those of Caldlpa syringcefolia, showy, marked with numerous red dots in the throat. 1 A. CANE'SCENS (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1829. July.) clothed with hoary down ; segments of the leaves linear, chan- nelled ; tube of corolla exceeding the calyx. 1(. . G. Native of Chili, about Coquimbo, Caldcleugh. The herb is more slender, the down more copious, short, and canescent, than in A. radiata ; and the flowers are smaller, but also yellow. Canescent Argylia. PI. 1 foot. 2 A. KADIAVTA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. no. 8. p. 260. 1823. and July 1829.) glabrous; segments of the leaves flat, dilated at apex ; tube of corolla twice longer than the calyx. 14.. G. Native of Peru. Bignonia radiata, Lin. spec. 871. Willd. spec. 3. p. 301.— Feuill. per. 1. p. 731. t. 22. Corolla large, yellow, dotted with red in the throat. The plant, in the general description, is said to be clothed with minute viscid down. Ray-\ea.ved Argylia. PI. 1 foot. Cull. The species of Argylia are extremely splendid while in blossom. They will thrive best in a light rich soil, such as a mixture of loam, peat, and sand. Cuttings will strike root in sand, under a hand-glass, if kept free from damp. 230 BIGNONIACEJE. XVIII. INCARVILLEA. XIX. WIGHTIA. XX. CATALPA. XVIII. INCARVI'LLEA (named after P. Incarville, a Chinese Jesuit, who first sent specimens of it to Bernard de Jussieu, in the year 1743; and seeds of many other plants, as, for instance, the Chinese Aster, so common in our gardens.) Juss. gen. 138. ed. Usteri, p. 154. Lam. diet. 3. p. 233. ill. t. 527. Bunge, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 120. LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx tribracteate, pentagonal, 10-cleft ; the 5 outer segments subulate, elon- gated, and glabrous, thickened ; the inner ones shorter and bifid. Corolla bilabiate ; segments nearly equal. Stamens 4, didynamous ; filaments glandularly thickened at apex ; anthers bisetose, 2-celled; cells horizontal, opposite, dehiscing at bottom. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule silique-formed, 6-ribbed, falcate, dehiscing laterally ; dissepiment bilamellate, contrary to the fissures. Seeds numerous, winged, Bunge, 1. c. Calyx 5-cleft, tribracteate. Corolla with a tubular base, a ventricose throat, and an unequal, 5-lobed limb. Stamens didynamous ; anthers 2-lobed. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule silique-formed, com- pressed, long, narrow, 2-celled, 2-valved ; dissepiment opposite the valves, many-seeded. Seeds winged. — A Chinese herb ; with alternate, striated branches ; alternate, pinnately jagged leaves ; and loose, spicate racemes of flowers. Corolla like that of Digitalis ; and the capsule like that of Catdlpa, or Fee num. Grcecum. The rudiment of a sterile filament not seen, ex Juss. 1. c. 1 I. SINE'NSIS (Lam. diet. 3. p. 233.) "11. G. Native of China, on way sides, near Pekin, and from that to the north, even to the limits of the empire. J. Chinensis, Bunge, mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 120. Campsis adrepens, Lour. coch. 378. Stem 1-2 feet high, herbaceous, erect. Leaves bipinnatifid ; leaflets cut ; lobes linear. Racemes terminal, loose. Flowers nearly sessile. Corollas large, scarlet, deciduous. Capsule 2 inches long and more. The figure of Lam. expresses the upper part of the plant well, ex Bunge, 1. c. Stem branched, striated, a foot high. Leaves like those of Chelidbnium hy'bridum, pinnately jagged, petiolate, glabrous. Flowers like those of Digitalis, loosely spiked, terminal, purple, ex Willd. spec. 3. p. 289. The plant of Jussieu is probably distinct from that of Bunge. China Incarvillea. PI. 1 to 2 feet. Cult. This is a most elegant plant when in blossom. Should it ever be introduced to our gardens, we would recommend its being treated as a greenhouse plant. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand, or any light rich soil, will suit it ; and cuttings will probably be easily rooted. XIX. WI'GHTIA (named after Richard Wight, F.L.S. of the East India Company's Medical Service ; lately in charge of the botanical establishment at Madras.) Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 1. p. 71. t. 81. LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb 4-cleft ; upper segment 2-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, without any hypogynous disk, or sterile filament. Stigma clavate, undivided. Capsule follicular, 2- valved ; dissepiment parallel with the valves, placentiferous on both sides, at length free. Seeds imbricated lengthwise, winged at both ends. Radicle inferior. — A large, twining shrub. Leaves opposite, simple, and are, as well as the peduncles, covered with minute, stellate, deciduous down. Racemes large, axillary ; peduncles dichotomous. This genus differs from all other Bignoniaceous plants, in the complete absence of a hypo- gynous disk, and sterile filament ; and in the margins of the valves being bent inwards, so much so as to form the dissepi- ment ; in the seeds being erect ; and in the radicle being in- ferior. 1 1 W. GIGANTE'A (Wall. 1. c.) Tj . w. S. Native of Nipaul, on Sheopore and Sumbunah. Flowers rose-coloured, scent- less, an inch long. Giant Wightia. Shrub cl. Cult, For culture and propagation see Bignonia, p. 222. XX. CATA'LPA (the Indian name of the first species.) Juss. gen. 138. ed. Usteri, p. 155. Spreng. gen. 1. p. 24. Sims, bot. mag. 1094. Schkuhr. handb. t. 175. — Bignonia species, Lin. and others. LIN. SYST. Diandria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 2-parted. Co- rolla campanulate, with a ventricose tube, and an unequal, 4- lobed limb. Stamens 5, 2 of which are fertile, and the other 3 sterile. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule silique-formed, long, cy- lindrical, 2-valved ; dissepiment opposite the valves. Seeds membranously margined, and pappose at base and apex. — Trees with simple leaves, opposite, or disposed 3 in a whorl. Flowers terminal, panicled. 1 C. SYRINO^FOLIA (Sims, bot. mag. 1094.) leaves cordate, flat, 3 in a whorl. T? . H. Native of North America, on the banks of the Ohio, Mississippi, and Delaware, &c. in gravelly soil ; it is found in considerable quantities in the forests of Wabash, Illinois territory, where the wood is even split for pa- lings. Schkuhr, handb. 1. 175. Bignonia Catalpa, Lin. spec. 868. Willd. spec. 3. p. 289. Wangh. amer. p. 58. t. 20. f. 45. Ca- talpa bignonioides, Walt. fl. car. p. 64. Catalpa cordifolia, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 10. — Duham. arb. 1. p. 104. t. 41. — Catesb. car. 1. p. 49. t. 29. — Schmidt, arb. 1. t. 14. Lin. hort. cliff. 317. Branches strong. Leaves large, deciduous. Pani- cles large, branchy, terminal. Corollas white, speckled with purple and yellow. This tree has a good effect when it stands in the middle of large openings, where it can freely send forth its side branches, and show itself to advantage ; but it always re- quires a sheltered situation. The leaves, however, come out very late. The branches dye wool a kind of cinnamon colour. This tree appears to have been introduced by the aborigines, hence its name of Catawba, derived from the Indians residing on Catawba river. Syringa-leaved Catalpa. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1726. Tree 20 to 40 feet. 2 C. OVA'TA ; leaves ovate-cordate, 3 in a whorl. Tj . H. Native of Japan and China. Bignonia Catalpa, Tliunb. fl. jap. 251. Kawara Fisagi Kaempf. amcen. 841. t. 842. Kakusju is the Japanese name of the tree. Thunberg remarks, that the Japanese lay the leaves on parts of the body affected with pain, supposing them to be beneficial to the nerves ; and that a decoc- tion of the pods is esteemed serviceable in asthma. Owate-leaved Catalpa. Tree. 3 C. LONGISSIMA (Juss. gen. ed. Usteri, p. 155.) leaves ob- long, or ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, 3 in a whorl, undulated. Jj • S. Native of the West Indies. Bignonia longissima, Swartz. prod. 91. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1037. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 847. B. longisiliqua, Jacq. amer. 182. t. 176. f. 78. Bignonia Quercus, Lam. diet. 1. p. 412 — Plum. spec. 5. icon. 57. Corolla whitish, undulately crenulated ; upper segment emarginate. Capsule very long and slender. Seeds woolly. Fm/'fong-capsuled Catalpa. Clt. 1777. Tree 30 to 40 feet. 4 C. CASSINOIDES (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 70.) leaves opposite, ovate or elliptic, coriaceous, glabrous; racemes terminal, few- flowered. \i . S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro. Bignonia cassinoides, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 68. Lam. diet. 1. p. 418. Leaves 2 inches long, many-nerved, terminated by a small acu- men. Corollas large, 2 inches long, glabrous. Cassine-like Catalpa. Shrub or tree. BIGXONIACE.E. XXI. SCHREBERA. XXII. TOCRRZTIA. XXIII. ECCREMOCARPCS. XXIV. CALAMPELIS. 231 5 C. HIRSU'TA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 70.) leaves opposite; ob- long, attenuated at both ends, hairy ; flowers axillary, almost sessile ; segments of corolla entire, fj . S. Native of Brazil. Hairy Catalpa. Shrub or tree. 6 C. MICROPHY'LLA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 70.) leaves opposite, obovate, obtuse ; peduncles terminal, usually 3-flowered. ^ . S. Native of St. Domingo. Bigndnia microphy'lla, Lam. diet. 1. p. 418. — Plum. spec. 5. icon. 55. f. 2. Shrub size of Prunus spinosa. Leaves sessile. Flowers large, white ; limb undu- lated. Small-leaved Catalpa. Clt. 1820. Tree 10 to 20 feet. Cult. The C. syringajolia is an elegant flowering tree, very proper for large shrubberies. It thrives well in common garden soil ; and is generally increased by seed, or slips of the root. For the culture and propagation of the rest of the species, see Jacaranda, p. 226. XXI. SCHREBFRA (named in honour of J. C. D. Von Schreber, Author of an edition of Linnaeus's Genera plamarum, 2 vols. 8vo. 1788, and several other botanical works.) Roxb. cor. 2. t. 101. fl. ind. 1. p. 109. Lix. SYST. Didndria, Afonogynia. Calyx tubular, bilabiate ; lips nearly equal, emarginate, and sometimes there is a tooth in each fissure, which separates the lips. Corolla salver-shaped, with a cylindrical tube, and a spreading, 5-6-7-cleft border ; segments cuneate, and truncate. Stamens 2 ; anthers oblong, hid within the tube of the corolla. Stigma bifid, acute. Cap- sule large, pear-shaped, woody, 2-celled, 2-valved, scabrous, opening from the apex ; dissepiment parallel with the valves. ? 5-eeds 4 in each cell, oval, compressed, with a long, membranous wing. — A large timber tree. Leaves opposite, impari- pinnate. Leaflets 7-9 in number, oblique, ovate or cordate, entire, 3-4 inches long. Panicles terminal, thin, trichotomous. Flowers rather small, white and brown, variegated, very fragrant during the night. 1 S. SWEITEMOIDES (Roxb. 1. c.) ^ . S. Native of the East Indies, on the Raja-mundri, Circar, Balaghata mountains, &c. Mucaadi is the Telinga name of the tree, and Mogalinga-marum of the Tamuls. Trunk erect. Bark scabrous. Branches nar- row, spreading in every direction, so as to form a large, beautiful shady head. The wood of this tree is of a grey colour, very close-grained, heavy and durable. It is used for a great variety of purposes, for which it is suitable, being less liable to warp than most other woods. Mahogany-like Schrebera. Tree large. Cult. For culture and propagation see Jacaranda, p. 226. Tribe II. TOURRETIE'^1 (this tribe contains plants agreeing with Tourretia in important characters.) D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1829. July. Bignoniaceae, sect. 2. R. Br. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved ; valves bearing placentas in the middle. Placentas 2, large, fleshy. Seeds horizontal, obo- vate, imbricate, flattened, surrounded by a wing, which is emar- ginate at the base. XXII. TOURRETIA (so named by Dombey, after Marc Antoine-Louis Claret la Tourrette, a friend of Rousseau, author of Chloris Lugdunensis, and Botanicae Scholae Veterinariae, Ludg. praelectiones.) Domb. ex Juss. gen. ed. Usteri, p. 155. Juss. gen. 139. Schreb. gen. no. 1009. Lam. ill. 527. — Dombeya, Lher. t. 17. LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx bilabiate ; up- per lip, acuminated ; lower one broader, four notched. Corolla tubular, contracted in the middle ; tube length of calyx ; limb unilabiate ; upper lip drawn out into a hollow ; lower lip want- ing, but in place of it there are 2 teeth. Stamens 4, didynamous, lying in the hollow of the upper lip of the corolla. Anthers 2- lobed. Hypogynous disk urceolate. Stigma bifid. Capsule ovate or oblong, ligneo-coriaceous, echinated with hooked spines, 2-celled, 2-valved at apex ; dissepiment prismatic, central, se- miniferous, continuous with the middle of the valves, rising into a wing on both sides, which divides each cell into 2 parts, hence the capsule appears to be 4-celled. Seeds few, girded by a membranous margin, emarginate, and crenulated at the base. — A climbing herb : with tetragonal, dichotomous branches. Leaves opposite, conjugately ternate ; furnished with a branched tendril from the top of the common petiole ; and also having a ciliary crown surrounding the stem in the axils of the leaves. Flowers disposed in terminal racemes, each flower furnished with a nar- row bractea. Corollas of a dusky violet colour. 1 T. LAPPA'CEA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 263.) Q. ^. H. Native of Peru. Dombeya lappacea, Lherb. stirp. nov. 1. p. 33 t. 17. Stem fistular. First leaves ternate, having the lateral leaflets bipartite ; the rest of the leaves conjugate ; ternate or bitemate. Burdock Tourretia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1788. Shrub cl. Cult. For culture and propagation see Caldmpelis, p. 232. XXIII. ECCREMOCA'RPUS (from oxpe/^e, ekkremes, pendant; and caps-of, karpos, a fruit ; fruit pendulous.) Ruiz, et Pav. gen. fl. per. p. 90. t. 18. syst. 157. Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 1. p. 229. t. 65. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 150. LIN. STST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx large, mem- branous, 5-cleft, coloured. Corolla tubular ; throat equal ; limb 5-lobed, equal. Stamens 4, didynamous, with the rudiment of a fifth sterile one ; anthers linear, inserted by the middle, versa- tile ; cells parallel, almost connate. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule ovate, somewhat tetragonal, 1-celled, 2-valved ; placentas '2, large, fleshy, adnate to the middle of the valves. Seeds im- bricate, horizontal, surrounded by a membranous wing. — Scan- dent sub-shrubs. Leaves opposite, abruptly bi-tripinnate, ter- minated by a branched tendril. Peduncles opposite the leaves, many-flowered. Corollas green or yellow. 1 E. LONGIFLORUS (Humb. et Bonpl. pi. aequin. 1. p. 229. t. 65. Kunth. nov. gen. 3. p. 150.) leaves abruptly tripinnate ; leaflets oval, entire, rarely bifid or trifid. Jj . w. G. Native of Peru, in forests, near the mount Saraguru. Stem furrowed, glabrous at bottom, but clothed with rusty tomentum at the nodi above. Leaflets sessile. Peduncles pendulous, 3-4-flowered. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft, loose, red. Corolla a little arched, 3-4 times longer than the calyx, yellow, with a green limb. Capsule slightly tetragonal. Long-Jloirered Eccremocarpus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. Shrub cl. 2 E. VIRIDIS (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. syst. p. 157.) leaves bi- pinnate, with 2 pairs of pinnae ; leaflets ovate, quite entire. V . w. G. Native of Peru, in forests. Calyx tubular, membra- nous, 5-cleft. Capsule pedicellate. Corolla green. Green-flowered Eccremocarpus. Shrub cl. Cult. The species of this genus are extremely handsome when in blossom. They should be treated in the same manner as recommended for the species of Caldmpelis. XXIV. CALA'MPELIS (from raXoc, kalos, beautiful ; and a/i;r£\ic, ampelis, a vine.) D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. July 1829. Sweet, fl. gard. n. a. t. 13. — Eccremocarpus species, Ruiz, et Pav. Lix. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx campanulate, half 5-cleft (f. 22. a.). Corolla with a ventricose throat, a tubu- lar base (f. 22. e.\ and a contracted, 5-lobed mouth (f. 22. /.). Stamens 4, didynamous (f. 22. d. \ without any rudiment of a sterile one ; anthers bipartite (f. 22. 6.) ; lobes obtuse, divari- 232 BIGNONIACE^l. XXIV. CALAMPELIS. XXV. CRESCENTIA. cate, distinct at apex. Stigma bipartite (f. 22. c.), hispid at top. Capsule 1 -celled, 2-valved ; valves placentiferous in the middle. Placentas 2, large, fleshy. Seeds obovate, horizontal, imbricate, flattened, surrounded by a broad, repandly sinuated wing, which is emarginate at the base ; outer testa black, crus- taceous, wrinkled, and a little scrobiculate. — A suffruticose, scandent plant. Leaves opposite, petiolate, abruptly bipinnate, terminated by a spiral, compound tendril. Leaflets coarsely serrated. Flowers racemose, secund. Racemes opposite the leaves, pedunculate, secund, many-flowered. Calyx short, green. Corolla scarlet, or deep orange red Capsule large, muricated. 1 C. SCA'BER (Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 30.) T? . w. G. Native of Chili. Eccremocarpus sca- ber, Ruiz, et Pav. syst. fl. per. 157. Lindl. hot. reg. 939. Leaves with 2 pairs of pinnae ; leaflets alternate, obliquely cor- date, ovate, serrated or entire. Stems angular, thickly clothed with short, stiff, pellucid hairs, FIG. 22. when young, but afterwards smooth. Leaves, racemes, and corollas clothed with glandular hairs. Scabrous Calampelis. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub climbing. Cult. This beautiful, climb- ing plant is generally raised from seeds in spring, in a hot bed ; and when the plants are of sufficient size, they are planted singly in separate pots. They answer well to be trained in a conservatory ; or to be planted out in the open ground, against a wall or house, with a south exposure, along with Cobce'a scan- dens, where, if the summer prove warm, it will make a showy appearance. Tribe III. CRESCENTIEVE (the plants contained in this section agree with Crescendo, in having a large, baccate fruit.) Fruit a large melon or gourd-shaped, 1 -celled berry ; with a corticate, solid rind ; filled with pulp and seeds inside. XXV. CRESCE'NTIA (named by Linnaeus after Pietro Crescentio, an Italian writer on agriculture, in the thirteenth century.) Lin. gen. 762. Schreb. gen. no. 1021. Juss. gen. 127. edit. Uster. p. 142. Gaertn. fruct. suppl. 1. p. 229. t. 223. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 157 — Cujete, Plum. gen. p. 23. t. 16. icon. 109. LIN^SYST. Didynamia, Angiosjierma. Calyx bipartite, equal, deciduous. Corolla large, sub-campanulate ; tube very short ; throat large, ventricose, incurved ; limb erect, 5-cleft, unequal ; lobes toothed or curled. Stamens 4, didynamous ; with the rudiment of a fifth ; anthers 2-lobed. Stigma bilamellate. Berry large, form of a gourd, 1-celled, pulpy inside; rind solid. Seeds nestling in the pulp. — Large, spreading trees. Leaves alternate, solitary or in fascicles, simple, ternate or pinnate. Flowers solitary, rising from the trunk or branches. 1 C. CUJE'TE (Lin. spec. 873. Jacq. amer. 175. t. 111. ed pict. p. 86. t. 1G7.) leaves oblong, acute or obtuse, cuneate at the base, in fascicles. T? . S. Native throughout equinoxial Ame- rica.— Plum. gen. 23. t. 109. — Comm. hort. 1. p. 137. t. 71. Branches horizontal. Flowers scattered over the older branches, and even in the trunk itself, solitary, pedicellate, sometimes all green, but most often variegated with green, purple, red, and yellow ; they do not wither, but become putrid, and in that state exhale a nauseous and intolerable smell. The form and size of the fruit are variable ; from spherical to bottle-shaped, and from 2 inches to a foot in diameter. These, however, if they are no more than varieties, are very constant. The fruit is co- vered witli a thin skin, of a greenish yellow colour when ripe ; under this is a hard, thin, woody shell, inclosing a pale yellowish soft pulp, of a tart, unsavoury flavour, surrounding a great num- ber of flat seeds. These shells, cleansed of their pulp, and de- prived of their outer skin, and dried, are used by the inhabitants of tropical America, for drinking cups ; those of the long, small- fruited kind, are formed into spoons and ladles ; those which are round are cut through the middle, and used as cups for cho- colate and cacao : in short, these shells are converted into a variety of domestic furniture. They are frequently large enough to hold a gallon of fluid ; they serve to boil water in, as they bear the fire well. The thicker parts are frequently used as button moulds in the West Indies. The Caribs engrave the outside with a number of grotesque figures, which they some- times colour black or red. The pulp is sometimes eaten by the negroes, but is not looked upon as being either agreeable or wholesome ; it is, however, much used by way of poultice ; and a syrup made of it is in much request among the natives, in dis- orders of the breast, in contusions and inward bruises. The wood being very tough and flexible, is very fit for the coach- maker, and is frequently used for making saddles, stools, and other furniture. The leaves and branches are eaten by cattle, in times of scarcity, as is also the pulp of the fruit. The tree is called Tutuma in some parts of America. Far. /3 ; leaves narrow ; fruit smaller, globose or ovate. Plum. gen. 23. Var. y, Cujete minima, fruclu duro. Plum. gen. 23. The smallest Calabash tree, with a hard fruit. Cujete or Common Calabash Tree. Fl. ? Clt. 1690. Tree 20 to 30 feet. 2 C. CUCURBITINA (Lin. syst. p. 565. mant. 250. Swartz, obs. 234.) leaves ovate, rather coriaceous, solitary ; fruit ovate, acuminated. I? . S. Native of Jamaica, in dry rocky places ; and about Campeachy. C. latifolia, Mill. diet. no. 2. C. Cujete, var. S, Lin. spec. 873. — Plum. gen. 23. icon. 109. — Brown, jam. 266.— Pluk. aim. 124. t. 171. f. 2. — Sloan, jam. 206. hist. 2. p. 172. Branches erect. Pedicels 2-5, terminating, one-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Corollas size of those of the preceding, dusky ; the base of the tube and throat is white. The fruit varies in size ; the shell is so thin as to be unfit for any purpose ; the seeds are also much thinner ; and the pulp is deeper yellow than that of the preceding. Gourd-like Calabash-tree. Fl. ? Clt. 1733. Tree 20 feet. 3 C. ACUMINA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 157.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, cuneately narrowed at the base, in fascicles. ^ . S. Native of the Island of Cuba, near Havannah and Los Guines. Branches elongated, white. Flowers size of those of the two preceding. Fruit globose, 3-4 inches in diameter. It differs from C. Cujete in the leaves being nar- rower, acuminated, and less firm. Acuminated-\ea\ei\. Calabash tree. Clt. 1822. Tree. 4 C. ACULEA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 158.) branches prickly ; leaves ternate or simple, twin ; common petiole fur- nished with a narrow wing above. Tj . S. Native of Mexico, near Campeachy. — Hern. mex. 290. Branches terete, warted. Leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, running into the petioles at the base. Prickles nearly opposite, subulate at top, and thickened at the base. Flowers solitary or twin on the tops of the branches. Corolla as in the genus, greenish. Fruit oblong, ribbed. Prickly Calabash tree. Tree. BIGNONIACEyE. XXV. CRESCENTIA. XXVI. TAN^CIUM. XXVII. TRIPINNARIA. PEDALINEJE. 233 5 C. ALAVTA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 158.) unarmed ; leaves 3 together, all ternate ; or the middle one of the three is ternate, and the lateral ones simple ; common petioles broadly winged. ^ • S. Native of Mexico, in very hot places, near Acapulco. There are prickle-formed tubercles, which rise from the same point as the leaves. Leaves 3, from the axil of each tubercle ; middle leaf ternate, on a long petiole ; lateral ones simple, smaller, and sessile. Simple leaves obovate- oblong, obtuse ; leaflets of the ternate ones oblong, obtuse, acutish at the base. Flowers scat- tered, size of those of Cobce'a scandens, on short pedicels, pale red, reticulately veined. Fruit globose, 4-6 inches in diameter, ex Bonpl. JFj'nged-petioled Calabash tree. Tree 20 to 30 feet. Cult, The species of Crescentia grow well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and ripened cuttings will strike root in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. The trees require to be so large before they come to a flowering state, that it is not likely they will ever be brought to blossom in this country. XXVI. TAN^E'CIUM (from rayar/Kne, tanaekes, long; stems elongated.) Schreb. gen. no. 1024, and p. 834. Swartz. prod, p. 91. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1049. Crescentia species of authors. Tripinnaria species, Spreng. gen. 2. p. 506. LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx tubular, trun- cate, entire. Corolla with a long, cylindrical tube, a wide throat, and an erectly spreading, 5-cleft, nearly equal limb ; the 2 upper segments approximating, less divided, nearly upright; the 3 lower spreading, a little reflexed. Stamens 4, nearly equal in length, with the rudiment of a fifth ; anthers 2-lobed. Stigma 2-lobed. Berry large, pedicellate, globular or oblong, 2-celled. Seeds oblong, angular, nestling in the pulp. — Climb- ing shrubs, natives of Brazil. Leaves alternate, simple, or binate, ternate, glabrous. 1 T. PARISITICUM (Swartz, prod. 92. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1053.) leaves ovate, coriaceous ; stem climbing, shrubby, radicant. ^ . ^j. S. Native of Jamaica and Caraccas. Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 1. p. 61. t. 115. — Brown, jam. 262. Leaves shining. This plant sustains itself by the help of the neighbouring trees, or is found spreading on the ground, if it does not meet with support. Parasitical Tanaecium. Fl. ? Clt. ? Shrub climbing. 2 T. JAROBA (Swartz, prod. 92. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1050.) lower leaves ternate : superior ones twin ; tendrils from the tops of the petioles, between the leaflets ; stem scandent. fj . w. S. Native of Jamaica, most common between St. Elizabeth's and Westmoreland. — Brown, jam. 267. — Sloan, jam. 207. hist. 2. p. 173. — Jaroha Marcg. bras. 25. Pis. bras. 173. Flowers white. This species climbs to the tops of the loftiest trees, and along their tops. Jaroba Tanaecium. Shrub cl. Cult. For culture and propagation see Bignbnia, p. 222. XXVII. TRIPINNARIA (so named, from the leaves of one of the species being tripinnate.) Spreng. gen. 2. p. 506. Tri- pinnia, Lour. coch. 391. LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx unequally 5- cleft, or 5 crenate, campanulate, or cup-shaped. Corolla funnel- shaped, or sub-campanulate, with a widened throat, and a 5-cleft spreading limb ; segments ovate, undulated, villous, upper ones the largest. Stamens 4, didynamous, about equal in length to the corolla, with the rudiment of a fifth. Stigma bifid, acute or bilamellate. Berry large, fleshy, 1 -celled, filled with pulp. Seeds oblong, compressed, nestling in the pulp. — Large trees, with pinnate or tripinnate, alternate leaves. Flowers racemose, terminal. 1 T. ASIA'TICA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 842.) leaves tripinnate, VOL. IV. acuminated; racemes terminal. Tj . G. Native of Cochinchina, in woods on the mountains. Tripinna tripinnaria, Lour. coch. p. 391. A large tree, with spreading branches. Leaves glabrous. Flowers yellowish, disposed in terminal, corymbose racemes. Asiatic Tripinnaria. Tree large. 2 T.? AFRICA'NA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 842.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets oblong, serrated ; flowers lateral from the trunk, fj . S. Native of Mozambique. Crescentia pinnata, Jacq. coll. 3. p. 203. t. 18. Tanae'cium pinnatum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 312. A large tree. Calyx unequally 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped, purple inside; having the tube dilated above ; segments of the limb ovate, acute. Stamens 4, didynamous, with the rudiment of a fifth. Berry size of a man's head. African Tripinnaria. Clt. 1824. Tree large. Cult. For culture and propagation see Crescentia, above. ORDER CLIX. PEDALI'NE^ (this order contains plants agreeing with the genus Pedulium in important characters.) R. Br. prod. p. 519. — Sesameae, Kunth, syn. 2. p. 251. Marty- niaceae, Link, handb. 1. p. 504. Calyx divided into 5 nearly equal parts (f. 23. a.). Corolla monopetalous, hypogynous, irregular, having the throat ventri- cose, and the limb bilabiate. Stamens 4, didynamous, inclosed; with the rudiment of a fifth (f. 23. 6.). Ovarium girded by a glandular disk at bottom, of many spurious, 1-2-seeded cells. Style simple ; stigma undivided. Fruit drupaceous, dry, usu- ally muricated (f. 23. c.), with several cells formed by the splitting of 2 placentas, and the divergence of their lobes as in the ovarium. Seeds pendulous, erect or horizontal, with a papery testa. Albumen none. Embryo straight. — Herbaceous plants ; with opposite leaves ; and axillary, bibracteate flowers. This order Jitters from Bignoniacea, in the seeds being usually definite and wingless ; in the woody, parietal-lobed placentas, which spread and divide variously inside the pericarpum, so as to produce a 4-8-celled fruit, out of a 1 -celled ovarium. The leaves of Sesamum are emollient ; its seeds contain an abundance of fixed oil, as tasteless as that of olive oil, for which it might be substituted, and which is expressed in .Egypt in great quantities. The fresh leaf of Pedalium mitrex, when agi- tated in water, renders it mucilaginous, in which state it is prescribed by the Indian doctors, in cases of dysuria, &c. Synopsis of the genera. 1 SE'SAMUM. Capsule oblong, compressed, tetragonal, 4- celled, 2-valved ; dissepiment contrary to the valves, bipartite. Seeds numerous, imbricated in one row in each cell. 2 MARTYVNIA. Drupe oblong, bicornute at apex, the ante- rior horn sulcately- toothed, containing a 4-celled nut ; cells few- seeded. 3 CRANIOLA'RJA. Drupe ovate, containing a 4-celled, woody nut, which is furnished with 2 short horns at apex. Seeds 4 in each cell, but often solitary. 4 JOSEPHINIA. Lobes of stigma bifid. Drupes prickly, con- taining a 4-8-celled nut ; cells 1 -seeded. Seeds erect. 5 PEDA'LIUM. Drupe ovate, 4-cornered (f. 23. c.), the cor- ners furnished each with a thorn towards the base (f. 23. d. c.), containing a 2- celled, 4-winged, corky nut. Seeds pendulous, 2 in each cell. H H 234 PEDALINE^E. I. SESAMUM. II. MARTYNIA. I. SE'SAMUM (from "Z^aafiov, Sesamon, of Theophrastus and Dioscorides ; from Sempsen, the ./Egyptian name of one of the species.) Lin. gen. no. 782. Schreb. gen. no. 1048. Gsertn. fruct. 2. p. 132. t. 110. Suss. gen. 138. Lam. ill. t. 528. — Digitalis species, Tourn. LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx 5-parted ; the upper segment the smallest. Corolla with a short tube, and a campanulate throat ; limb quinquefid, somewhat bilabiate ; the lower segment the longest. Stamens 4, didynamous, inclosed, with the rudiment of a fifth sterile one. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule oblong, compressedly tetragonal, 4-celled, 2-valved; dissepiment contrary to the valves, bipartible. Seeds numerous, disposed in one series, somewhat imbricated, ovate, a little com- pressed, wingless, erect. — Annual herbs, with opposite and alter- nate leaves. Flowers axillary, solitary. Peduncles biglandular ; glands bracteate. Corollas white, pale red or yellow. 1 S. TNDICUM (Lin. spec. 884.) downy ; lower leaves ovate, 3-lobed : superior ones lanceolate, undivided ; stem erect, branched. Q. S. Native of the East Indies, common. Sims, bot. mag. 1788. S. trifoliatum, Mill. diet. no. 3. — Kumph. amb. 5. t. 204. t. 76. f. 1.— Pluk. phyt. t. 109. f. 4. Stem scabrous. Leaves on long petioles, downy on both surfaces, glau- cous beneath. Flowers white, tinged with red. In the plant found by Martius in Brazil, the rudiment of a fifth filament is wanting. This species was first introduced to Jamaica by the Jews, and is now cultivated in the West Indies. It is called Fanglo, or oil plant. The seeds are frequently used in broth, by many of the Europeans ; but the Jews make them chiefly into cakes. Many of the Oriental nations look upon the seeds as a very wholesome food, and express an oil from them, not unlike, or inferior to, the oil of almonds. A decoction of the leaves and buds, is looked upon as a good resolutive, and fre- quently ordered in inflammations of the eyes, where warm fomentations become requisite. Far. /3, rbsea (Blum, bijdr. 778.) flowers rose-coloured. 0. H. Native of Java, on the mountains. Indian Oily-grain, or Oil-seed. Fl. July. Clt. 1731. PI. 1| to 2 feet. 2 S. ORIENTA'LE (Lin. spec. 883.) leaves ovate-oblong, entire. 0. S. Native of the East Indies, and is now cultivated in South America. Lin. hort. cliff. 318. fl. zeyl. 318. Willd. spec. 3. p. 358. Gasrtn. fruct. 2. p. 132. t. 110. Thunb. jap. 254. Lour. coch. 382. S. veterum, Bauh. pin. 27. Riv. mon. t. 114.— Burm. zeyl. 87. t. 38. f. 1. Schit-elu, Rheed. mal. 9. p. 105. t. 54. Corolla dirty white, or pale red. Plant rather hairy. This species is frequently cultivated in the Levant, and also in Africa, as a pulse ; the seeds have been introduced into Carolina, by the African negroes. An oil is expressed from them, which will keep many years, without acquiring any rancid smell or taste, but in two years becomes quite mild, so that, when the warm taste of the seed which is in the oil when first drawn is worn off, it is used as a salad oil, and for all the purposes of sweet oil. They are also used by the negroes for food ; they parch them over the fire, then mix them with water, and stew other ingredients with them. A pudding is made from them in the same manner as from millet or rice, called Benny, or Bonny, in Carolina. In Japan, where they have no butter, they use the oil for frying fish, and in dressing other dishes ; as a varnish ; and medicinally, as a resolvent and emollient. In China and Cochinchina, they are used for the same purposes. Eastern Oily-grain, or Oil-seed. Fl. July. Clt. 1731. PI. 1 1 to 2 feet. 3 S. LU'TEUM (Retz. obs. 6. p. 31. no. 56.) leaves lanceolate, on long petioles ; corollas hispid on the outside. ©. S. Native of the East Indies, in forests, at Nidrapur. Stem a little branched. Leaves alternate, having the margins and nerves beneath scattered with short hairs. Calyx and capsule hispid. Corolla deep yellow. Yellow-fiowered Oil-seed. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 4 S. RADIA'TUM (Schum. pi. guin. p. 274.) hairy ; leaves usually 3 in a whorl, on short petioles : lower ones roundish- ovate, deeply toothed : upper ones ovate-oblong, quite entire ; bracteas setaceous, solitary. Q. S. Native of Guinea. Stem slightly tetragonal. Flowers purple. Radiate Oil-seed. PI. 4 feet. 5 S. LACINIA'TUM (Klein, Willd. spec. 2. p. 359.) leaves all bipartite and jagged ; stem prostrate, hispid. ©• S. Native of the East Indies, near Hydrabad. Branches ascending at top. Leaves on short petioles, scabrous on both surfaces. Margins of the teeth of the calyx hispid. Capsule obtuse at both ends. Sesamum prostratum, Retz. obs. 4. p. 28, is a very doubtful plant, or probably a synonyme of Torenia Asidtica. Jagged-\eaved Indian Oil-seed. PI. prostrate. Cult. The species of Sesamum are grown in our gardens only as botanical curiosities. The seeds of them require to be reared on a hot-bed frame in early spring, and otherwise treated like other tender annuals, by planting them out in the open border, in a warm, sheltered situation, about the end of May. II. MARTY'NIA (so named by Houston, in honour of John Martyn, F.R.S., professor of botany at Cambridge ; author of Historia Plantarum variarum, and several other works ; editor of Virgil's Georgics and Eclogues, born Sept. 1699, died 1768.) Houston, rel. t. 10. Lin. gen. no. 753. Schreb. gen.no. 1010. Mart. t. 42. Juss. gen. 140. ed. Usteri, 156. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 131. t. 110. Glox. obs. t. 1-2. — Proboscidea, Juss. Schmidel. icon. t. 12. LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx 5-cleft, nearly equal, bracteate at the base. Corolla sub-campanulate ; limb 5- lobed, unequal. Stamens 4, didynamous, 2 of them sometimes sterile, with always the rudiment of a fifth. Stigma bilamellate. Drupe or capsule oblong, bicornute at apex ; the anterior horn sulcately toothed, containing a 4-celled, woody nut ; cells few- seeded. Seeds ovate, a little compressed, wingless, pendulous.? Radicle superior. — Herbs with opposite, rarely alternate leaves. Flowers spicate, axillary and terminal. 1 M. A'NNUA (Lin. syst. 559. spec. 862. Swartz, obs. 230.) stem branched ; leaves alternate, lobed, cordate at the base ; stamens 4, all fertile. Q. H. Native of Mexico, in high plains; and on the banks of the Mississippi. Sabb. hort. t. 91. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 131. t. 110. M. proboscidea, Glox. in obs. p. 14. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 339. Mill. diet. t. 286. Sims, bot. mag. 1056. M. alternifolia, Lam. diet. 2. p. 112. Pro- boscidea Jussieuii, Schmidt, icon. 49. t. 12-13. Med. boh. beob. 1783. p. 20. M. Louisiana, Mill. diet. no. 3. This is a large annual, villous, viscid plant. Corollas with a yellowish white tube, variegated with green, yellow, and violet spots and lines; limb wide, pale violet, marked with saffron -coloured and violet dots and lines. The lobes of stigma close when touched, according to Turra. Far. |3, trihba ; leaves oblong-deltoid, irregularly cordate at the base, 3-lobed: middle lobe long, sinuated, undulated, and finely denticulated. 0. H. Native near Vera Cruz. M. triloba, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linncea, 5. p. 121. Smaller than the species. Annual Martynia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1738. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 2 M. LONGIFLORA (Lin. syst. p. 559.) stem simple; leaves opposite, roundish, repand ; flowers axillary, solitary, on short pedicels ; tube of corolla gibbously flattened at the base ; sta- mens 4, all fertile. ©. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 339. Meerb. icon. 7. Willd. spec. 3. p. 12 PEDALINE.£. II. MARTTNIA. III. CRAXIOLARIA. IV. JOSEPHINIA. V. PEDALIDM. 235 265. Martynia Capensis, Glox. obs. p. 13. Stem erect, sca- brous. Leaves 3-nerved. In place of bracteas at the base of the peduncles, there is a pedicellate gland. Tube of corolla very long. Corollas purplish. Lons^flon-ercd Martynia. Fl. July, Ang. Clt. 1781. PI. 2 feet. 3 M. DIA'NDRA (Glox. obs. p. 14. t. 1. Jacq. schoenbr. 3. p. 21. t. 289.) stem branched ; leaves opposite, lobed, cordate at the base ; stamens 4, 2 of them sterile. (•)• G. Native of Mexico, at Vera Cruz ; and near Campeche. Andr. bot. rep. 575. Iff. angulosa, Lam. diet. 2. p. 112. Martynia reliq. Houst. p. 5. t. 10. M. annua, Lin. spec. ed. 1. syst. ed. 10. — Martyn. cent. 42. t. 42. Erhert. pict. t. 1. f. 5. phil. trans. 38. no. 427. p. 3. Stem reddish. Leaves villous and viscid. Flowers thyrsoid, in the forks of the stem, drooping. Corolla with a white tube, tinged with purple, and spotted with red and yellow ; limb pale red, with a shining purple spot at each seg- ment : upper lip reflexed. Diandrous Martynia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. PI. 2 feet. 4 M. LU'TEA (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 934.) stem branched, clothed with glandular down ; leaves opposite, cordate-orbicular, toothed, clothed with glandular down ; beaks much longer than the pericarp. Q. H. Native of Brazil. Calyx involucrated by 2 bracteas. Corolla large, funnel-shaped, orange-yellow, clothed with blood-colour inside. IW/ow-flowered Martynia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1825. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 5 M. ZANQUEBA'RICA (Lour. coch. 386.) stem procumbent ; leaves pinna ti fid, pilose ; flowers axillary, solitary ; beaks of capsule secund. |j . S. Native of Zanzibar. Leaves petio- late, pilose. Flowers pale purple. Calyx pilose, with lanceolate, nearly equal, deciduous, expanded segments. Corolla ringent, with a large, roundish, gibbous tube, and a short limb ; upper lip trifid, obtuse, the middle segment emarginate ; the lower lip ovate, longer, entire. Fruit bisulcate on both sides, 4-beaked, 4-celled, 1 -seeded, 2-valved. Zanzibar Martynia. Shrub procumbent. Cult. The seeds of the species should be reared on a hot-bed, as other tender annuals ; and when transplanted into other pots, they should be kept in the hot-house or green-house until the seed is ripened. A light rich soil suits them best. III. CRANIOLA'RIA (from upaviov, kranion, a skull ; some resemblance in capsule.) Lin. gen. no. 868. Juss. gen. ed. Usteri, p. 156. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 153. — Martynia species of authors. LIN. SYST. Didynamia, ^ngibsperma. Calyx campanulate, spath-formed, 5-toothed, cleft on one side, bracteate at the base. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a very long tube, a campanulate throat, and a bilabiate limb ; upper lip bifid ; lower one tri- fid : the middle lobe the broadest. Stamens 4, didynamous, with the rudiment of a fifth. Stigma bilamellate. Drupe ovate, acute, containing a 4-celled, woody nut, which is fur- nished with 2 short horns at apex. Seeds 4 in each cell, or often solitary, ovate, a little compressed, wingless. — Villous, clammy herbs. Leaves opposite, 5-lobed. Flowers racemose from the forks of the branches, or axils of the leaves, or tops of the branches. Corollas white, with a painted throat. 1 C. A'XNUA (Lin. mant. 417. syst. 417. Jacq. amer. 1 73. t. 110. Nees, et Mart, in act. bonn. 11. p. 68.) stems annual, branched ; leaves cordate, palmate, toothed ; tube of corolla longer than the calyx, which is bibracteate. O . G. Native of the tropical parts of America. Martynia craniolaria, Swartz, obs. 2.30. Glox. obs. p. 14. Willd. spec. 3. p. 262. Martynia spathacea, Lam. diet. 2. p. 212. — Erhr. pict. t. 1. f. 2. Corolla white. The natives of Venezuela prepare from the dried roots of this plant a bitter and cooling drink. Annual Craniolaria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1733. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 2 C. UNIBRACTEA'TA (Nees, in Mart. nov. act. bonn. 11. p. 67.) stem perennial, branched ; leaves cordate, rather angular, toothed ; tube of corolla length of calyx, which is unibracteate. 1£. S. Native of Brazil, about Cachuera, and at Rio das Contas. Holoregmia viscida, Mart, in bot. zeit. 1821. 1. p. 300. bras, reise. 2. band. p. 239 and 344. Martynia spathacea, Spreng. syst. add. p. 338. Leaves a hand broad. Flowers disposed in long, simple racemes from the tops of the branches. Corolla pale sulphur-coloured, having the bottom painted with purple dots. Plant canescent. Unibracteate Craniolaria. PL 4 to 5 feet. Cult. The seeds and plants of C. annua should be treated in the same manner as those of the species of Martynia. Cran. unibracteata should be treated like other common perennial stove plants ; and it may either be increased by seeds or cuttings. IV. JOSEPHI'NIA (named in honour of the Empress Jose- phine, a great patron of botany and gardening.) Vent. malm. p. 67. t. 67. R. Br. prod. p. 520. Blum, bijdr. 779. LIK. STST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx 5-parted, equal. Corolla with a short tube, a large campanulate throat, and a 5- lobed, spreading, bilabiate limb; upper lip semi-bifid ; lower one trifid : the middle segment the longest. Stamens 4, didynamous, with the rudiment of a fifth ; anthers free. Stigma bifid ; the seg- ments emarginate, or semi- bifid ; therefore the stigma is commonly called 4-cleft. Drupe dry, prickly, falsely 4-8-celled, opening at top, by 2-4 holes ; cells 1- seeded ; seeds erect. Radicle anterior. — Diffuse herbs. Leaves opposite, entire. Peduncles axillary. Flowers purplish. 1 J. IMPERATRJCIS (Vent. malm. p. 67. t. 67. mem. de 1'inst. sc. phys. 1806. 1. sem. p. 71.) ovariura 4-5-celIed ; leaves lan- ceolate-elliptic, acute, downy beneath, as well as the stem ; calyx equal. £ . G. Native of New Holland, on the west coast. Baudin. Leaves ovate-cordate, ex Vent. Flowers pale pink, dotted, like those of Cat6lpa syringcefolia, ex Vent. Empress's Josephinia. Fl. ? Clt. ? PI. 2 to 3 feet. 2 J. GRANDIFLORA (R. Br. prod. p. 520.) ovarium 8-celled ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, downy beneath ; stem glabrous ; upper segment of calyx one half shorter than the rest ; lower segment of corolla more than twice the length of the rest. £ . S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Flowers pur- plish. Great-Jlonered Josephinia. Shrub ? 3 J. CELE'BICA (Blum, bijdr. 779.) ovarium 8-celled ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, downy ; peduncles shorter than the petioles ; drupes tomentose ; calyx equal. Jj . S. Native of the Celebes, in woods. Celebes Josephinia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Shrub. Cult. For culture and propagation, see Martynia, above. V. PEDA'LIUM (from irqSaXioy, pedaUon, the rudder of a ship ; in reference to the dilated angles of the fruit.) Lin. gen. no. 794. Schreb. gen. no. 1065. Rottb. in coll. hafn. 2. p. 255. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 276. t. 58. Juss. gen. 140. ed. Us- teri. 156. — Murex. Lin. fl. zeyl. 440. LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiosperma. Calyx 5-parted (f. 23. a.) ; the upper segment very short ; and the lowest longest. Corolla with a 3- cornered tube, a widened campanulate throat, flat beneath, and a 5-lobed, sub-bilabiate limb. Stamens 4, didy- namous, with the rudiment of a fifth (f. 23. &.); filaments pilose at the base. Anthers twin, cruciate, terminated by a gland. Stigma bifid, revolute. Drupe dry, ovate-conical (f. 23. c.), 4- cornered, the corners thorny on the angles (f. 23. c. d.}, con- taining a 2-celled, 4-winged, corky nut; cells 2-seeded ; seeds pendulous, arillate, one above the other : there is an empty cell H H 2 •im PEDALINE^E. V. PEDALIUM. COBEACE.E. COB^A. ARAGOACE^E. FIG. 23. below the fertile ones. — A trichotomous herb, with the habit of Martynia. Leaves opposite. Flowers axillary, solitary. Fruit like those of Trapa. 1 P. MU'REX (Lin. spec. 892.) O- S. Native of the East Indies, Ceylon, Malabar, Coromandel, &c. near the sea. Lam. ill. t. 538. Murex, Lin. fl. zeyl. 440. Burm. ind. 139. t. 45. f. 2. — Herm. zeyl. p. 42. Cucu - Mullu, or Kakii - tali, Rheed. mal. 10. p. 143. t. 72. A pretty large, succulent, branched plant. Root deep orange - coloured, branched. Stem hardly any. Branches 1- 2 feet. Leaves obovate, obtuse, regularly toothed, truncate, pretty smooth, 3-nerved, 2-3 inches long, and 1-| to 2 inches broad ; petioles glandular. Flowers pretty large, yellow, on short pedicels, erect ; on each side of their insertion is a small, roundish, brown gland. Drupe nutant, armed with 4 sharp spines, one on each corner, at the base. The whole plant has an odour of musk. Of the same genus is the Planta Euphrasies affinis, Pluk. t. 373. f. 2. The sterile filament is terminated by an orange-coloured head. This plant, when fresh, has the singular property of rendering water or milk mucilaginous, without altering the taste, or colour, or smell of the liquid. This effect goes off in the course of 8 or 12 hours, leaving the liquid in its former state. Butter-milk is often sold in the markets of India ; and in order to make a greater profit on their merchandize, they dilute it with water, and then thicken the whole by turning it round a few times with a few fresli leafy branches, which makes the adulterated butter- milk seem rich, and of the best sort. Caltrop-fruited. Pedalium. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1778. PI. 1 to 2 feet. Cult. For culture and propagation see Martynia, p. 235. ORDER CLX. COBEA'CE^E (this order only contains the genus Cobce'a.') D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1824. vol. 10. p. 3. Calyx leafy, 5-cleft, equal (f. 24. a.) Corolla inferior, cam- panulate, regular, 5-lobed (f. 24. i.), imbricate in aestivation. Stamens 5, unequal (f. 24. &.), rising from the base of the corolla ; anthers 2-celled, compressed. Ovarium superior, 3-celled, surrounded by a fleshy, annular, hypogynous disk ; ovula several, ascending. Style simple ; stigma trifid (f. 24. 6.). Fruit capsular, 3-celled, 3-valved; with a septicidal dehiscence; placenta very large, 3-cornered in the axis, its angles touching the line of dehiscence of the pericarpium. Seeds flat, winged, imbricated in a double row ; their integument mucilaginous. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight. Cotyledons foliaceous ; radicle inferior. — Climbing shrubs. Leaves alternate, ab- ruptly pinnate ; the common petiole lengthened into a tendril. Flowers axillary, solitary. This order is readily distinguished from Bignoniacece and Pedalmece, the two foregoing orders, in the flowers being regular and pentandrous, in the presence of albumen to the seeds, &c. ; and from Polemoniacece it is readily distinguished, by habit alone, and by the winged seeds. FIG. 24. I. COB^E'A (named in honour of B. Cobo, a Spanish bota- nist.) Cav. icon. 1. p. 11. t. 16-17. and vol. 5. p. 69. t. 500. Pers. syn. 1. p. 185. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 151. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Character the same as that of the order. Calyx permanent, covering the capsule ; seg- ments large, orbicular. 1 C. SCA'NDENS (Cav. 1. c.) leaflets 3 pairs, elliptic, mucro- nate, marginate, and slightly ciliated : lower pair close to the stem, and sub-auriculate on one side at the base; tendrils branched ; calycine segments broad, roundish, mucronulate ; stamens about equal in length, hardly longer than the corolla. |j . ^. G. Native of Mexico, in various parts. Sims, bot. mag. 851. Calyx glaucous, 5-winged, before expansion. Flowers large, campanulate, with a short tube of a dark, dirty purple colour, (fig. 24. Lobes of corolla rather spreading, broad, short, roundish, im- bricate, ciliated. Climbing Cobaea. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1792. Shrub cl. 2 C. LU'TEA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. jour. vol. 10. p. 4.) leaflets 3 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, acute ; lower pair close to the stem ; tendrils branched at top ; calycine segments lanceolate, tapering to the apex ; stamens twice the length of the corolla. Tj . w. G. Native of Guayaquil. Flowers yellowish, about half the size of those of C. scdndens. Yelloni-fiov/ered Cobaea. Shrub cl. Cult. The C. scandens is a great favourite with most gar- deners ; it is a quick-growing, and profuse-flowering climber. It is well adapted for a large conservatory or greenhouse. It grows also well in the open air, in summer, trained against a south wall, or against a house, where it will flower in abundance. The plant is best raised from seeds, which ripen in abundance ; but it may also be raised from cuttings, which latter mode is almost needless. ORDER CLXI. ARAGOA'CE^E (this order only contains the genus Aragba.') Genera Bignoniaceis affinis. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 154. Calyx deeply 5-parted (f. 25. a.) Corolla tubular, salver- shaped (f. 25. 6.) ; limb 4-parted ; the lobes convolutely imbri- cate in aestivation ; at length spreading. Stamens 4 (f. 25. c.), inserted in the sinuses between the lobes of the corolla, exserted ; anthers cordate (f. 25. c.), the cells confluent, opening by a con- tinuous line. Style filiform (f. 25. e.) ; stigrna capitate, minutely papillose. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved (f. 25. g1.); valves cloven ; dissepiment parallel with the valves. Seeds 4-5 in each cell, compressed, with a membranous border. Albumen copious, fleshy. Embryo erect; with plano-convex, obtuse, fleshy, coty- ledons, furnished with 3 nerves ; and a blunt radicle, much shorter than the cotyledons. — Much branched shrubs, natives of the mountains, near the city of Santa Fe de Bogota, in New Granada ; with opposite branches. Leaves small, coriaceous, imbricated in 8 rows. Flowers axillary, solitary, nearly sessile, small, white. ARAGOACE.E. I. ABAGOA. POLEMONIACEJE. 237 FIG. 25. This order is nearly related to the Pokmoniacece ; but differs from it, in its undivided stigma, in the confluent cells of the anthers and bilocular ovarium ; and from Scrophularineae, in its regular flowers, foliaceous embryo, and convolute aestivation of the corolla. I. ARAGO'A (named in honour of Francisco Arago, member of Academy of Paris ; the celebrated astronomer.) H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 1. p. 154. t. £16-217. LIK. SYST. Tetrdndria, Monogynia. Character the same as that of the order. 1 A. CCFRE'SSINA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 156. t. 216.) branches downy ; leaves scale-formed, ovate-del- toid, glabrous, closely adpressed, with rather woolly edges : throat of corolla villous. ^ . G. Native of Santa Fe de Bogota. A. juniperina, H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. t. 216. 6. Segments of corolla obovate, ciliated. Margins of the segments of the calyx ci- liated. Anthers cordate, reni- form. Filaments villous at the base. Cypress-like Aragoa. Shrub. 2 A. ABIETIJJA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 156.) branches glabrous; leaves linear, spreading, ciliated a little ; corolla glabrous. Tj . G. Native along with the preceding. Branches 3-4 in a whorl. Fir-like Arogoa. Shrub. Cult. Aragoa is a genus of beautiful and singular shrubs. Should either of them ever be introduced to our gardens, we would recommend their being treated as greenhouse plants ; to be planted in pots, well drained with sherds, in a mixture of peat and sand. ORDER CLXII. POLEMONIA'CEJE (the plants contained in this order agree in important characters with the genus Pole- monntm.) Juss. gen. p. 136. ed. Usteri, p. 152. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 160. Calyx tubular (f. 26. a., f. 27. a.), 5-cleft (f. 27. a.), or 5- toothed (f. 26. a.). Corolla rotate (f. 26. 6.), or salver-shaped (f. 26. with a short tube, and a 5-lobed, equal, erect limb. Stamens 5 (f. 26. c.), equal, in- serted in the throat of the corolla ; filaments dilated at the base, bearded, in a continuous ring, and nearly closing the throat ; anthers incumbent. Capsule roundish, with membranaceously crustaceous valves, covered by the permanent calyx ; cells many- seeded. Seeds oblong, trigonal, filled with large albumen. Radicle twice longer than the cotyledons. — Erect, herbaceous plants, with alternate, usually impari-pinnate, seldom impari- bipinnate leaves ; leaflets entire ; terminal, panicled corymbs of bracteate flowers, and blue or white corollas. 1 P. CCERULEUM (Lin. spec. 230.) stem glabrous; leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous ; seg- ments of calyx ovate or elliptic lanceolate, acuminated ; flowers erect, corymbose ; calyxes hairy ; segments of corolla roundish- oval, obtuse ; anthers elliptic. I/. H. Native of Siberia, and the north of Europe; as of Germany, Switzerland, Lapland, Denmark, in shady places. It is sometimes found apparently wild, in some parts of Britain; as at Malham Cove, in York- shire ; at Matlock, in Derbyshire ; as well as near Bakewell, and at Lover's Leap, Buxton, Smith, engl. hot. t. 17. Fl. dan. t. 255. Sabb. hort. 2. t. 82. Valeriana coerulea, Bauh. pin, 164. Valeriana Grse'ca, Dod. pempt. 352. f. 1. — Besl. eyst. 9. t. 11. f. 2. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 103. t. 69. Capsule ovate- globular, obsoletely 3-grooved. Flowers blue. This plant is called Greek Valerian, Jacob's Ladder, or Ladder of Heaven. It is a common border flower ; with erect, stiff stems. Var. ft, flbre dlbo ; flowers white. The white-flowering common Greek- Valerian. Berl. eyst. 9. t. 11. f. 3. Var. y ; stem and calyxes woolly. If.. H. Native of Siberia. P. cceruleum, ft, Lin. ups. p. 40. — Gmel. sib. 4. p. 103. t. 50. Far. S, variegata ; leaves variegated. Var. c, picta ; flowers variegated with white and blue. Var. i, piliferum (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1303.) stem erectish, hardly longer than the radical leaves ; calyxes villous. If.. H. Native of North America, Richardson. Stem and leaves pilose. Flowers blue. J5/ue-flowered or Common Greek- Valerian. Fl. June. 2 P. GRA'CILE (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 10.) stems simple, elongated ; leaves pinnate : calyx full of glandular down ; seg- ments of corolla ovate, obtuse ; anthers sagittate. I/ . H. Na- tive of Dahuria. P. cceruleum, y gr&cile. Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 957. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 364. Flowers pale blue. Slender Greek- Valerian. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1808. PI. li feet. 3 P. SIBIRICUM (G. Don, mss. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 182.) erect, glabrous ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets petiolate, pinnatifid ; . segments lanceolate ; petioles and calyxes pilose ; calycine seg- ments ovate, acute ; segments of corolla elliptic ; stamens sagit- tate ; stem fistular, angular, glabrous, but downy at top. y. . H. Native of Siberia. P. lacteum, Lehm. hort. sem. hamb. 1825. p. 17. pug. 1. p. 27. act. bonn. 14. p. 815. Pol. dissectum, Ilchb. icon. t. 463. Lower leaflets ciliated. Flowers white, crowded, sub-corymbose. Filaments pilose at bottom. This species differs from all others, in the bipinnate leaves. Perhaps only a variety of P. cceruleum. Siberian Greek- Valerian. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. PI. 2 feet. 4 P. PULCHE'LLUM (Bunge, in Led. fl. alt. ill. t. 20. fl. alt. 1. p. 233.) stems downy, nearly naked; radical leaves pinnate; leaflets oblong, acute : upper ones confluent, all glandularly ciliated ; calycine segments linear-oblong, acutish ; flowers erect, corymbose. 7f..H. Native of Siberia, in stony places, in the Kuraic Islands, and at the river Tschuja. Nearly allied to P. humilis, Willd. ; but differs, in the stein being suffruticose, in the calyxes being hairy, in the stamens being sagittate. Flowers smaller than those of P. cceruleum, from white to blue. Calyx glandularly ciliated ; segments of corolla roundish ; stigma and anthers white. Neat Greek-Valerian PI. \ to \ foot. 5 P. ACUTIFLORUM (Willd. mss. in herb, ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 792.) stem nearly leafless; leaves nearly all radical, pinnate ; leaflets oblong ; calyx hairy at the base ; segments of corolla ovate, acute, ciliated. 7£. H. Native of the north- west coast of America, Pallas. P. boreale, Adams. Flowers blue, few in a corymb. Acute-flowered Greek- Valerian. PI. -j font. 6 P. PULCHE'RRIMUM (Hook, bot. mag. 2979.) stems many, ascending, leafy, and are, as well as the calyxes, downy ; leaflets ovate, obtuse, glabrous : panicles sub-corymbose ; calycine seg- ments ovate, acute ; segments of corolla ovate, acutish. I/. H. Native of the rocky mountains. Flowers pale blue, varying to white. Leaves with a faint smell of musk, mostly radical ; rachi of leaves downy. Corymbs drooping. Corolla rotately campanulate. Nearly allied to P. Richardsbnii. POLEMONIACEJE. I. POLEMOMCM. II. DIAPEXSIA. 239 FL May, June. Clt. 1827. Prettieit Greek-Valerian. Fl. July, Aug. Clt, 1827. PL | foot. 7 P. RICHARDSONII (Graham, in edinb. phil. joum. dec. 1827. bot. mag. 2SOO.) stems pilose, angular, branched at the base, leafy; leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate-roundish, mucronulate, downy beneath ; flowers nutant ; calyx villous, viscid, with ovate, pointed segments ; segments of corolla obtuse, crenulated ; root very long, somewhat fusiform. % . H. Native of North Ame- rica, in deep sandy soil, about the Great Bear Lake, Richard- son ; and of Siberia. P. speciosum, Fisch. mss. P. coeruleum, var. nana, Hook, in Lin. trans. 14. p. 377. Root yellow. Stem purplish at the base. Flowers in terminal corymbs ; but droop- ing. Corolla with a yellow tube, and a pale purple limb, marked with deeper veins. P. speciosum, Fisch. mss. from the islands of St. Lawrence and St. Paul; and P. lanatum, Fisch. mss. from Kamtschatka, is a variety of the same, with more downy stems. Richardson's Greek- Valerian. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 foot. 8 P. MOSCHA'TCM (Wormkiold, mss. ex Graham, edinb. phil. journ. June 1820.) stems diffuse, branched; leaves pinnate, slightly downy, rather fleshy ; leaflets roundish- cordate ; calyx hairy, with obtuse segments ; segments of corolla obtuse. 11 . H. Native of North America, Drummond. Root fibrous. Stems angular, reddish. Leaflets about 10 pairs; those of the cauline leaves oblong-ovate, the terminal one obovate in both. Flowers paniculately corymbose, somewhat drooping, nearly inodorous ; peduncles generally 2-flowered, sometimes drooping. Peduncles, pedicels, calyxes, and stem clothed with glandular down. Corolla with blue limb, having deeper veins, indistinctly crenated. Hooker considers this plant the same as P. Richard- tonii. fy-scented Greek- Valerian. PL 3 to 4 inches. 9 P. VILLOSUM (Rudolf, Georgi, besch. des. russ. reichs. 3. p. 771. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 266.) stem pilose, angular, erect; leaves with many pairs of leaflets, which are ovate-bluntish, pilose on both surfaces ; flowers a little panicled, drooping ; segments of corolla roundish, crenulated. 11 . H. Native of Siberia, Kamtschatka, &c. P. lanatum, Fisch. mss. P. humile, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 792. Lindl. bot. reg. 1304. Pol. coeruleum, p, Gmel. sib. 4. p. 103. no. 69. Stem leafy. Calyxes villous and viscid ; with ovate-bluntish segments. Corollas blue. Perhaps only a variety of P. Richardtoiui. nilaus Greek- Valerian. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1826. PL i foot. 10 P. MEiicA'suM (Cerv. in Lagasc. gen. et spec. nov. diagn. p. 10. no. 140. Ker. bot. reg. 242.) plant viscid, and clothed" with glandular down on every part ; leaves pinnate, downy ; leaflets lanceolate ; outer ones combined, usually forming a 3-lobed, terminal leaflet ; flowers drooping ; calyx clothed with clammy villi. If. .H. Native of Mexico. P. ciliatum, P. bursifolium, P. pimpinelloi- des. Willd. mss. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 793. Flow- ers corymbose, pale blue. Plant very pale green. Mr. Nuttall found this, or a nearly allied species at Flat-Head river, in which the leaflets are somewhat rhomboid-ovate, acutish ; and the calycine segments oblong, acute. Mr. James also found it FIG. 26. on the banks of the Canadian river; but the flowers in his plant are said to be smaller. Mexican Greek Valerian. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1817. PL 1 foot. IIP.? CILIA'TCH (Willd. mss. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 792.) leaves pinnatifid, hairy, ciliated; segments of corolla ciliately toothed. % . H. Native of Pennsylvania, Mnhlen- burgh. Leaves sessile, with acute segments. Flowers terminal, racemose. Calycine segments linear, ciliated, acute, length of corolla. Perhaps a species of Eutoca. Ct/wrted-leaved Greek- Valerian. PL 12 P. KE'PTANS (Lin. spec. 230.) root creeping ; stems leafy, glabrous ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 7, ovate, acute, glabrous j flowers nutant ; segments of corolla cuneate. 7/ . H. Na- tive of North America, from Pennsylvania to Carolina, on the sides of rich hills. Mill. fig. t. 209. Sims, bot. mag. 1887. Leaflets 7 to 11 in number. Flowers in a loose, pani- cled corymb. Flowers blue, and sometimes white. Creeping Greek- Valerian. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1 758. PL I foot. Cult. The species of Greek-Valerian are all handsome, hardy, border flowers, of easy culture. They grow in any com- mon garden soil ; and are readily increased by dividing at the root, or by seed. II. DIAPE'NSIA (the ancient Greek name for the Sanicle.) Lin. gen. no. 194. fl. lapp. 1. Juss. gen. 13.5. edit. Usteri, p. 151. D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 251. Lix. SYST. Pentdndrla, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, coria- ceous, tribracteate at die base. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube short, wide ; limb flat, 5-cleft. Stamens 5, inserted in the sinuses of the corolla nearly sessile : anthers linear, obtuse, in- serted by their bases, dehiscing lengthwise. Stigma obsoletely 3-lobed. Cells of capsule many-seeded. Seeds roundish. — Small, tufted, North American herbs. Leaves alternate, crowded at the roots, coriaceous, quite entire. Peduncles scape- formed, 1 -flowered. This genus is said to be nearly allied to Phlox, but is easily distinguished from that genus, in the shorter corolla, in the concrete lobes of the stigma, in the many-seeded cells -of the capsule, in the alternate leaves and inflorescence. 1 D. LAPFOJJICA (Lin. fl. lap. no. 88. t. 1. f. 1. spec. p. 202.) leaves linear-spatulate, coriaceous, glabrous, with callous, sub- re volute edges; peduncles usually 1 -flowered, erect; anthers oblique, mutic. lj . F. Native of the mountains of Norway and Lapland, among stones covered with moss ; and New Hamp- shire, on the highest mountains, among moss ; also of the Rocky mountains. Sweet, brit. fl. gard. n. s. t. 251. Wahl. fl. lapp. p. 58. t. 9. (Ed. fl. dan. t. 47. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1108. D. ob- tusifolia, Sal. par. lond. t. 104. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. l.p. 147. Corollas salver-shaped, with obtuse segments, pure white. Lapland Diapensia. Fl. Feb. March. Clt. 1801. PL 1 inch. 2 D. crxEiFouA (Sal. par. lond. t. 104. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 148.) leaves lanceolate-cuneated, downy below; anthers horizontal, beaked at the base. ~il . F. Native of North Carolina, on high mountains ; plentiful on pine barrens of New Jersey, near the sea coast. In the island called Grand Cayman, we have seen this plant, or a nearly allied species, growing near the sea, along with Jacquinea linearis, and Helwtropium gnaphalotdes. D. Americana, Herb. Banks. Pyxidanthera barbulata, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 152. t. 17. Calyxes ciliated ? Flowers small, white. Leaves bearded inside at the base. Stems trailing. Wedge-kated Diapensia. Fl. July. Clt. 1806. PL 1 to 2 inches. 210 POLEMONIACEjE. III. PHLOX. Cull. The species of Diapensia are small, tufted, evergreen, alpine plants, difficult of culture. They should be grown in small pots, well-drained with sherds, in a mixture of sand and peat, and placed among other alpine plants. They require to be protected from frost and wet in winter, by placing them in a frame. They may be increased by dividing at the roots. III. PHLOX (from ^>Xo£, phlox, flame ; in reference to the bright colour of the flowers.) Lin. gen. no. 214. Schreb. gen. 284. Juss. gen. 139. edit. Usteri, 152. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 299. t. 62. Lam. ill. 108. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 125. Ly- chnidea, Dill. elth. 166. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-cleft (f. 27. a.), sub-cylindrical or sub-prismatic ; segments acute, connivent. Corolla salver-shaped (f. 27. d.), with a narrow, sub-cylindrical tube, which is a little curved, and longer than the calyx; limb spreading, twisted in aestivation, as in Apocynece ; segments cuneate. Stamens 5, unequal (f. 27. 6.), 3 longer, and 2 shorter, inserted in the tube above the middle ; filaments filiform ; anthers sagittate, elevated to the orifice of the tube of the corolla. Capsule roundish ; valves membranous ; cells 1 seeded. Seeds oblong, convex outside. Albumen large. Radicle twice longer than the cotyledons. — Herbaceous, perennial, rarely suffruticose plants, with opposite, simple leaves : but the floral ones are sometimes alternate, sessile. Flowers terminal, pani- cled or corymbose, lilac, rose-coloured or red, blue, or white. § 1 . Leaves broad. Plants without any barren stems. 1 P. PANICULAVTA (Lin. spec. 216. Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 205.) erect, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, gradually narrowed, flat, with rough edges; corymbs panicled ; segments of corolla roundish, of the calyx awned. Tf. . H. Native of Virginia and Lower Carolina, in rich moist meadows. Mill fig. 2. t. 205. f. 2. — Dill. elth. f. 166. f. 203. Flowers purple. Var. ft, alba; flowers white, with a tinge of red. 1(. . H. Native of North America, Lyon. A more robust plant than var. a, and probably a distinct species. /Wc/ed-rlowered Phlox. FJ. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1732. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 2 P. UNDULA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 205.) erect, glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, somewhat undulated, with scabrous edges ; corymbs panicled ; segments of corolla obovate, some- what retuse ; of the calyxes awned. I/. H. Native of Vir- ginia and Carolina, in high mountains and meadows. P. pani- culata, Michx. fl. amer. I. p. 144. Flowers purple. A beau- tiful plant, resembling the preceding ; and the flowers of the same colour. Undulated-lewed Phlox. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 4 to 5 feet. 3 P. PYRAMIDA'LIS (Smith, exot. bot. 2. p. 55. t. 87.) erect, glabrous ; stem scabrous, spotted ; leaves cordate-oblong, acu- minated ; panicle fastigiate, pyramidal ; segments of corolla cuneately truncate ; calycine teeth erect, lanceolate, acute, gla- brous, with scabrous edges. 7£. H. Native from Pennsyl- vania to Carolina, in mountain meadows. Lodd. bot. cab. 342. Sweet, fl. gard. 233. P. Carolina, Walt. fl. car. 296. Flowers pale flesh-coloured, or lilac. Var. ft, penduliflora (Hort.) flowers rather pendulous. Var. yt corymbosa (Hort.) flowers densely corymbose. Pyramidal- flowered Phlox. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 4 P. LATIFOLIA (Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 143.) erect, gla- brous ; stem smooth ; leaves cordate-ovate ; flowers fastigiately corymbose; segments of corolla nearly orbicular ; teeth of calyx lanceolate, hardly acuminated. %. H. Native of Carolina, in shady places, among Sphagnum. Flowers large, purple. Perhaps only a variety of P. pyramidalis. Broad-leaved Phlox. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1812. PI. 3 feet. 5 P. CORDA TA (Ell. fl. corol. 2. p. 40. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 13.) stems smooth, slightly tetragonal; leaves oblong-cordate, acuminated, with scabrous edges ; corymbs panicled, pyrami- dal ; pedicels and calyxes downy ; calycine segments long- awned ; corolla with a downy tube, and obovate, rounded, dis- tinct segments. 7/ . H. Native of Carolina. Corollas of a bright purplish lilac colour. CWate-leaved Phlox. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1827. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 6 P. CORYMBOSA (Hortul. ex Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 114.) stem erect, downy, branched at top, rather tetragonal ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, undulated, downy beneath, with scabrous edges ; corymbs panicled ; calycine teeth subulate ; segments of corolla roundish-obovate, imbricate. !£. H. Native of North America. Stems more or less purple. Branches of corymb many-flowered. Corollas purplish lilac, with a white star at the base. Tube of corolla downy. Corymbose-flowered Phlox. Fl. ? Clt. ? 3 to 4 feet. 7 P. MACULA'TA (Lin. spec. 216.) erect ; stem scabrous, spotted ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, with rough edges ; panicle oblong, crowded with flowers ; segments of corolla roundish; teeth of calyx acute, recurved. 1£. H. Native from New England to Carolina, in wet meadows. Pursh, fl. 1 . p. 149. Jacq. hort. vind. 2. p. 58. t. 127- Gaertn. fruct. p. 299. Flowers purplish, violet or purple. Stem marked with brown spots. Spotted-stemmed Phlox. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 740. PI. 3 feet. 8 P. ODORA'TA (Sweet, fl. gard. t. 224.) stems erect, branched at top, rather scabrous ; leaves acuminated, glabrous, with sca- brous edges : lower ones linear : middle oblong-lanceolate : superior ones cordate-ovate ; branches corymbose, many- flowered, somewhat fastigiate ; teeth of calyx ovate, shortly acu- minated, erect ; segments of corolla cuneately obovate. % . H. Native of North America. Phlox bimaculata, Hort. Flowers of a bright red lilac colour, sweet-scented. Branches of corymb forming a thyrsoid raceme. Nearly allied to /'. glaberrima and P. maculata. Sweet-scented Phlox. Fl. Aug. Clt. ? PI. 3 feet. 9 P. REFLE'XA (Hortul. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 232.) stems downy, scabrous, spotted ; leaves reflexed, glabrous, shining above : lower ones narrow- lanceolate : superior ones cordate, acute ; flowers crowded, panicled, with many-flowered branches ; teeth of calyx lanceolate, mucronate, spreading ; tube of corolla glabrous, curved ; segments of the limb roundish-obovate, im- bricated at the base. I/. H. A hybrid production. Flowers dark purple, in close, crowded panicles, sweet-scented. Rejlexed-leaved Phlox. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. ? PI. 2 or 3 feet. 10 P. SCA'BRA (Sweet, fl. gard. t. 248.) stem glabrous at bot- tom, and downy at top ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, sca- brous above, with undulated, denticulately scabrous edges ; flowers in loose panicles ; calyxes pilose ; teeth of calyx subu- late, straight ; tube of corolla curved, villous ; segments of co- rolla obovate, spreading, slightly emarginate. 2/ . H. Native of North America. Phlox Americana. Hortul. Flowers pale lilac, fragrant. Scabrous Phlox. Fl. Aug. Clt.? PI. 3 to 4 feet. 11 P. ACUMINA'TA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 730. Sims, bot. mag. 1880.) erect, downy; stem angular; leaves ovate- POLEMONIACE^E. III. PHLOX. 241 lanceolate, acuminated, narrowed below, somewhat petiolate, downy beneath ; floral leaves subcordate ; corymbs subpanicled ; corolla with roundish segments, and a downy tube ; calycine segments awned. %. H. Native of Georgia and South Caro- lina, on the mountains. Flowers variegated with pale and deep purple. P. decussata, Lyon, mss. Acuminated-leaveA Phlox. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1812. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 12 P. PENDULIFLORA (Sweet, hort. brit. ed. 2d. p. 368. fl. gard. n. s. t. 46.) stem rather flexuous, obsoletely quadrangular, clothed with rough pubescence, spotted ; leaves oblong-lanceo- late, acuminated, nearly sessile, glabrous and shining above, having the margins and nerves scabrous beneath ; corymbs many-flowered, panicled, drooping before expansion ; calyxes downy, with lanceolate, mucronate segments ; segments of co- rolla roundish, imbricate. T±. H. Native of North America. Flowers of a rosy purple colour, sweet-scented ; tube smooth, a little recurved. Pendulous-flowered Phlox. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1823. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 13 P. CAROLINA (Lin. spec. 216.) erect; stem downy, sca- bro'us ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous, except the margins and nerves, which are scabrous beneath ; corymbs panicled, subfastigiate, with many-flowered branches ; segments of corolla roundish ; teeth of calyx glabrous, lanceolate, erect ; segments of corolla roundly obovate. l/.H. Native of Lower Carolina, in wet meadows ; and on the mountains of Virginia. Sims, bot. mag. 1344. Mart. cent. t. 10. Sweet, fl. gard. 190. Flowers beautiful, pale purple, the size of those of P. suateolens ; tube of corolla smooth. P. Carolina, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 149, is probably P. triflora, Michx. Carolina Phlox. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1728. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 14 P. TRIFLORA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. J43.) erect ; stem obsoletely tetragonal, rather downy ; leaves lanceolate, glabrous ; branches of corymb usually 3-flowered ; teeth of calyx linear ; segments of corolla roundly obcordate, slightly undulated, at length reflexed. If. . H. Native of Virginia, on the mountains. Sweet, fl. gard. 49. P. carnea, Sims, bot. mag. t. 2155. Lodd. bot. cab. 711. Flowers in loose spreading corymbs, pale lilac. Segments of calyx nearly as long as the tube of the corolla. Three-flonered Phlox. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 15 P. SITIDA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 730.) erect, quite glabrous ; stems terete, spotted, smooth ; leaves ovate-oblong, rather fleshy, shining and dark green above, pale beneath ; co- rymbs fastigiate ; lower branches elongated, nearly naked ; seg- ments of corolla broad-obovate, rather retuse ; calycine teeth lanceolate, mucronate. l/.H. Native of South Carolina. P. suffruticosa, Hort. Nearly allied to P. Carolina; but the flowers are large, long, and of a beautiful purple colour. Shining-\ea\ed Phlox. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. PI. 2 feet. 16 P. SUFFRUTICOSA (Vent. malm. 2. p. 107.) erect, glabrous ; stem glabrous, trifid at top, and suffruticose at the base ; leaves lanceolate, shining on both surfaces, and acute at both ends, almost veinless ; corymbs crowded with flowers. I/ . H. Na- tive of North America. Willd. enum. 1. p. 200. Poir. encycl. suppl. 4. p. 397. Mordaunt Delauny, herb. amat. 3. t. 4. Ker. bot. reg. 68. Stem much branched, ex Vent. Corolla deep purplish violet, with deeper lines at the base ; segments of the limb roundish-obovate. Suffruticose Phlox. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1790. PI. 2 feet. 17 P. GLABE'RRIMA (Lin. spec. 217. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 36.) plant tufted ; stems erect, glabrous ; leaves linear-lanceo- late, smooth : corymbs terminal, trifid, sub-fastigiate ; fascicles 3-4-flowered : segments of corolla roundish ; teeth of calyx acuminated, spreading, mucronate. I/ . H. Native of Lower VOL. IV. Carolina, in wet meadows ; and on the mountains of Virginia. Pursh, fl. 1. p. 149.— Dill. elth. t. 166. f. 202.— St. Hil. 18. t. 6. — Kerner, oak. pflanz. t. 136. Flowers of a reddish lilac, dying off bluish. Quite glabrous Phlox. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1725. PI. ]| to 2 feet. 18 P. TARDIFLORA (Penny, in Young, hort. eps. p. 38. Loud, hort. brit. p. 596.) stem roughish, obscurely spotted ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, quite glabrous on both surfaces, shining, with scabrous edges : upper leaves the broadest; racemes pani- cled ; segments of corolla rounded ; tube very long, 3 times longer than the calyx ; calycine teeth lanceolate, acute, erectish. 11 . H. Native of North America. P. longiflora, Sweet, brit. fl. gard. n. s. t. 31. Stem bluntly tetragonal. Flowers pure white, fragrant. Very nearly allied to P. suateolens. Late-flowering Phlox. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1825. PL 2 to 3 ft. 19 P. SICKMA'NNI (Lehm. sem. hort. hamb. 1826. p. 17. act. bonn. 14. p. 814. t. 46.) stems erect, obscurely tetragonal, gla- brous ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, scabrous, but glabrous beneath ; flowers disposed in large corymbose panicles, which are, as well as the calyxes, downy ; bracteas ciliated ; teeth of calyx subulate, margined with red, ciliated ; segments of corolla obovate; stigma bifid. If.. H. Native of North America. P. scabra, Sweet, fl. gard. 3. t. 248. Stem pale purple above, marked with dark purple spots at the axils of the leaves. Leaves rather undulated ; lower ones attenuated at the base ; upper ones subcordate. Limb of corolla violaceous, each segment marked by an obcordate, white spot at the base. Sickmann's Phlox. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 20 P. SUAVEVOLENS (Ait. hort. kew. 1 . p. 206.) erect ; stem quite glabrous, without spots ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, smooth ; racemes panicled ; segments of corolla roundish ; calycine teeth lanceolate, acute, erectish. 1£ . H. Native from Canada to Vir- ginia, in meadows. P. maculata, /3, Candida, Michx. fl. bor. 1. p. 145. Flowers white, sweet-scented. There is a variety of this species, having the leaves edged with white, or pale yellow. Stveet-scented-QoKeied Phlox. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1766. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 21 P. DRUMMONDI (Hook. bot. mag. t. 3441.) annual; stems erect, simple at bottom, but a little branched at top, beset with spreading hairs, as well as the edges of the leaves, calyxes, brac- teas, &c. ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, half stem- clasping, all mucro- nate and downy, lower ones opposite, upper ones alternate ; panicle trichotomously corymbose ; flowers on very short pe- dicels ; calycine segments linear-subulate, mucronate, a little reflexed ; tube of corolla much curved, hairy, 3 times longer than the calyx; segments of corolla imbricate, cuneate, obtuse, entire. Q. H. Native of Mexico, in the Texas. D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 316. Flowers of a beautiful purple, with a darker eye. Lower leaves always opposite ; upper ones nearly ovate. Drummond's Phlox. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1835. PI. 1 foot. § 2. Leaves broad. Plants nith barren stems. 22 P. OVA'TA (Lin. spec. 217.) erect, glabrous; radical leaves ovate, acute, rather fleshy, cauline ones ovate-oblong ; corymbs subfastigiate ; segments of corolla undulated, retuse ; teeth of calyx linear, acute. If. H. Native of North America. Willd. spec. 1. p. 842. Pursh, fl. 1. p. 150. — Plukn. mant. p. 122. t. 348. f. 4. Flowers beautiful, reddish purple. Var. ft, Lislonidna (Hort.) radicle leaves ovate : cauline ones lanceolate. If. H. Native of North America. P. ovata, Curt. bot. mag. t. 582. Oeate-leaved Phlox. Fl. May, July ; /3, July, Aug. Clt. 1759; /3, 1816. PI. 1 to 1| foot. 23 P. RE'PTANS (Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 144. Vent. malm. I i 242 POLEMONIACE^E. III. PHLOX. t. 107.) plant creeping, stoloniferous, downy ; radical leaves obovately-spatulate : cauline leaves lanceolate ; corymbs divari- cate, few- flowered ; segments of corolla obovate ; teeth of calyx linear, reflexed. 1J . H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, on high mountains. Phlox stolonifera, Curt. bot. mag. 563. Flowers blue, with a purple centre, very handsome. Var. /3, crassifolia (D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 293.) leaves thicker; flowers deeper coloured. "U. H. Native of North America. Phlox crassifolia, Lodd. bot. cab. 1596. Flowers rose-coloured. Branches simple. Leaves and petioles mucronately fringed with soft hairs on the midrib and edges. Calycine segments white, lanceolate, acuminated, erect, conni- vent, with scarious edges. Tube of corolla deep purple, clothed with glandular hairs, twice as long as the calycine segments ; limb purple, with rounded, slightly crenulated segments. Creeping Phlox. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1800. PI. | foot. 24 P. DIVARICA'TA (Lin. spec. 217.) decumbent, downy ; leaves oval-lanceolate, superior ones alternate; branchlets diva- ricate, loose, few-flowered ; segments of corolla somewhat ob- cordate; teeth of calyx linear-subulate. 1£.H. Native from Pennsylvania to Virginia, on the mountains, and on the banks of the Missouri. Curt. bot. mag. 163. Mill. fig. t. 205. f. 1. Flowers purplish blue. Corymbs dichotomous. Divaricate Phlox. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1746. PI. | to 1 foot. 25 P. CANADE'NSIS (Hort. ex Sweet, fl. gard. t. 221.) erect; stems rather downy ; lower leaves ovate : superior ones broad-lanceolate, opposite and alternate ; branches downy, few- flowered, compact ; teeth of ca- lyx subulate-linear ; segments of corolla broad, obcordate ; tube a little curved, ascending, much longer than the calyx, •y.. H. Native of Canada. Flowers blue, tinged with lilac, disposed in a terminal, corymbose panicle. This plant is very nearly related to P. divaricdta. Canadian Phlox. Fl. April, May. FIG. 27. Clt. 1825. PI. 1 foot. § 3. Leaves linear-lanceolate, linear, or subulate. 26 P. AUISTA'TA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 144.) weak, erect, clothed with viscid down ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; panicle loose, fastigiate ; pedicels generally twin ; segments of corolla oboval ; tube curved, downy ; calycine teeth very long, subu- late. If. . F. Native from Pennsylvania to Carolina, in sandy fields ; and of the Rocky mountains, in the valley of the Loup, Fork, ex Torrey. Pursh, fl. 1. p. 150. Lodd. bot. cab. 1731. P. pilosa, Sims, bot. mag. 1307.? Flowers usually red, but sometimes white. Var. a, vlrens (Pursh, fl. 1. p. 150.) corollas reddish purple. Var. (2. canescens (Pursh, 1. c.) corolla whitish rose-coloured, //roned-calyxed Phlox. Fl. April. Clt. 1828. PI. pro- cumbent. 27 P. PILOSA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 145.) humble, de- cumbent, downy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, short, roughish ; upper ones furnished with nearly sessile fascicles of flowers ; segments of corolla roundish, obtuse ; tube straight, glabrous ; calycine teeth subulately acuminated. TJ. . H. Native of Caro- lina, in sandy fields; and on the mountains of Georgia. Lodd. bot. cab. 1251. — Plukn. aim. t. 98. f. 1. Flowers usually pur- ple, sometimes white, smaller than those of P. aristala. Var. ft, amcena (Sims, bot. mag. 1308.) this is probably nothing more than a luxuriant garden production of the species. 3/.H. Pilose Phlox. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1759. PI. £ to 1 foot. 28 P. PROCU'MBENS (Lehm. cat. hort. hamb. 1829. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 7.) stems procumbent, branched ; branches ascending, clothed with hair-like down, as well as the peduncles and calyxes ; leaves lanceolate, acute, attenuated at the base, smoothish, ciliated on the edges ; calycine segments linear, acute ; segments of corolla cuneately obcordate, with a hairy, erect tube, twice longer than the calyx. T{. H. Native of North America. Flowers disposed in terminal, few-flowered panicles, composed of 1-2-flowered peduncles. Corollas bluish purple. In habit this species is intermediate between P. subu- lata and P. pilosa. Procumbent Phlox. Fl. May, Clt. 1827. PI. procumbent. 29 P. SPECIOSA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 149.) erect, branched, frutescent, glabrous ; leaves linear, acuminated, pun- gent, dilated and somewhat ciliated at the base, with cal- lous edges ; upper leaves alternate ; flowers cymose ; caly- cine segments broad from the base, membranous, acuminated, about equal in height to the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla cuneate-oblong, entire. Jj . F. Native of North Ame- rica, on the plains of the Columbia. Dougl. in bot. reg. 1351. Branches of corymb 3-flowered. Corollas flesh-coloured. Showy Phlox. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1826. Shrub \ to 1 foot. 30 P. SUBULA'TA (Lin. spec. 217.) plant tufted, whitish from down ; leaves linear, pungent, ciliated ; corymbs few-flowered ; peduncles trifid ; teeth of calyx subulate, hardly shorter than the tube of the corolla ; segments of corolla cuneately obcordate. 1£. H. Native from New Jersey to Carolina, on dry sandy hills and rocks. Curt. bot. mag. 411. Jacq. fragm. t. 44. f. 4. — Plukn. phyt. t. 98. f. 2. Flowers pink-coloured, with a handsome purple star in the centre. Calyx villous. Subulate-leaved Phlox. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1786. PI. i ft. 31 P. HOODII (Richards, in Frankl. journ. append, ed. 2d. p. 6. t. 28.) plant humble, many-stemmed : leaves subulate, with woolly edges ; flowers sessile, solitary ; segments of the limb obovate. 1(. . H. Native of the west coast of America, about Carlton House; and of die Rocky Mountains, in the valley of the Loup Fork. This is a singular and beautiful species. Hood's Phlox. PL dwarf, tufted. 32 P. cffispiTosA (Nutt. journ. acad. nat. sc. phil. 7. p. 41.) plant diffuse, procumbent ; leaves subulate, ciliated, short, with reflexed edges ; flowers solitary, on short pedicels ; calycine segments spinulose ; segments of corolla cuneated, entire. 1£ . H. Native of the Rocky mountains, at Flat Head river, on the sides of dry hills. General habit of A subuldta. Stems downy. Leaves ending in pungent points. Flowers terminating the branches solitary, pale violet or white. Tufted Phlox. PI. tufted. 33 P. LONGIFOLIA (Nutt. journ. acad. phil. 7. p. 41.) plant somewhat tufted, many-stemmed ; leaves subulate, very long, and very narrow, glabrous; stems few-flowered, very short, puberulous, irregularly trichotomous ; peduncles filiform, elon- gated ; calycine segments acuminated ; segments of corolla oblong-cuneated, entire. I/. H. Native of the Rocky moun- tains, in valleys, flowering most part of the summer. Stems almost a span high, many from the same root. Flowers appa- rently white. Very nearly allied to P. Hobdii. Long-leaved Phlox. Fl. summer. PI. £ foot. 34 P. MUSCOIDES (Nutt. 1. c. p. 42. t. 6. f. 2.) plant densely- tufted, small ; leaves closely imbricated, oblong-lanceolate, co- piously ciliated, very short ; flowers sessile, hardly exserted ; segments of corolla cuneated, entire. T(..H. Native of Alpine situations, at the sources of the Missouri. Root large, descend- POLEMONIACE^E. III. PHLOX. IV. HC'GELIA. V. LINANTHCS. VI. LEPTOSIPHON. 243 ing. The whole plant depressed to the appearance of a hoary Bryum, no part of it hardly rising to the height of | an inch from tlie ground. Leaves all hoary, lanuginose at the edges, ending in acute points. Flowers large, white, with a yellow spot towards the orifice. Moss-like Phlox. PI. tufted, | inch. 35 P. HE'NTZII (Nutt. 1. c. p. 110.) plant tufted, downy ; leaves linear or lanceolate, ciliated, pungent ; flowers corymbose, glomerate, few-flowered ; segments of corolla cuneated, obtuse, entire; teeth of calyx acute, shortish. %. H. Native of the United States in the southern pine barrens. Habit of P. subu- lata, but producing short, leafy stems, the summits of which only are floriferous. Hentzius's Phlox. PL £ foot 36 P. NIVA'LIS (Sweet, fl. gard. 185.) plant suffruticose, much branched, procumbent ; branches ascending, crowded, downy, usually 3-flowered ; leaves linear, in fascicles, cuspidate, ciliated, recurved ; pedicels and calyxes villous ; tube of corolla twice as long as the calycine segments, which are linear, and sharp- pointed : segments of corolla obcordate, plicately lined. I/ . H. Native of North Carolina. Phlox nivea, Lodd. hot. cab. 780. Flowers snow-white. Sni>>v, siphon, a tube ; the tube of the corolla is long and slender.) Benth. in bot. reg. under no. 1622. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx tubularly cam- panulate, equal, semi-5-cleft ; lobes linear-subulate, acute ; sinuses membranous. Corolla funnel-shaped ; with a very long, very slender tube, and a campanulate 5-cleft limb, with oval, obtuse, quite entire lobes. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla ; anthers oblong, sagittate at the base. Cells of capsule many-seeded. — Annual herbs, glabrous at the base, and downy at top. Leaves opposite, sessile, palmately cut ; with linear or subulate segments. Flowers disposed in dense corymbose heads, I i 2 244 POLEMONIACEvE. VI. LEPTOSIPHON. VII. FENZLIA. VIII. GILIA. with tlie axis rather woolly. Bracteas imbricate, conforming to the leaves ; with ciliately-hairy segments. This genus differs from Gilia, sect. Dactylophyllum, in the form of the corolla. 1 L. GRANDIFLO RUS (Benth. 1. c.) plant nearly simple ; leaves 7-11 cleft; segments subulate, straight, with revolute margins; tube of corolla hardly twice longer than the limb ; filaments very short. ©. H. Native of California, Douglas. Corolla blue, with a golden yellow or purple bottom. Great-flowered Leptosiphon. PI. ^ foot. 2 L. ANDROSA'CEUS (Benth. 1. c. hort. trans, n. s. 1. t. 18. f. 1. bot. reg. 1710.) leaves 5-7-cleft; segments oblong-linear; tube of corolla 2-3 times longer than the limb ; stamens 3 times shorter than the limb of the corolla. Q. H. Native of Cali- fornia, Douglas. A bushy, pilose herb. Corolla smaller, and more intensely coloured than the preceding, from white to pale blue or pink : the tube usually red. The multitude of flowers gives the plant a very gay appearance. Androsace-like Leptosiphon. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1833. i foot. 3 L. LU'TEUS (Benth. in bot. reg. under no. 1622.) leaves 5-7- cleft ; segments oblong-linear ; tube of corolla about 4 times longer than the limb ; stamens about 3 times shorter than the limb of the corolla ; style scarcely equal in length to the corolla. 0. H. Native of California, Douglas. Corolla yellow, having the throat deeper coloured. Var. /} ; corollas paler. IW/ow-flowered Leptosiphon. PI. ^ foot. 4 L. PARVIFLO'RUS (Benth. 1. c.) leaves 5-7-cleft; segments oblong-linear ; tube of corolla 4 times longer than the limb ; stamens hardly one-half shorter than the limb of the corolla ; style a little exserted. ©. H. Native of California, Douglas. Corolla pale yellow, with a deep yellow bottom. Small-Jlorvered Leptosiphon. PI. J foot. 5 L. DENSIFLO'KUS (Benth. 1. c. hort. trans, n. s. 1. t. 18. f. 2. bot. reg. 1725.) leaves 9-11-cleft; segments subulate, erect, with revolute margins ; tube of corolla shorter than the limb. O- H. Native of California, Douglas. Habit of L. androsa- ceus, only it is gayer in appearance, being more glandular. The corollas in this are, however, 3 times larger, with a short, thick tube, instead of a long, slender one ; its colour varies from purple to blue and white ; but are not produced in the same profusion as those of L. androsaceus. From the short tube of the corolla, this plant probably belongs to Gilia, sect. I. Dactylophyllum, Benth. Dense-flowered Leptosiphon. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1833. PI. ^ foot, Cult. All the species of this genus are very gay when in blossom, and are therefore worth cultivating in every garden. The seeds of them only require to be sown in the open ground, in April ; and if sown in large patches, the plants, when in blossom, will have, according to the size of the patch or bed, a gayer appearance. VII. FE'NZLIA (so called by Bentham, in honour of Dr. Fenzl, of Vienna, now publishing a monograph of Alsinece.) Benth. in bot. reg. under no. 1622. LIN. SYST. Pentandna, Monogynia. Calyx tubularly-cam- panulate, deeply 5-cleft, with membranous sinuses, and linear, acutish, erect segments. Corolla somewhat funnel-shaped, with a short tube, and a 5-parted limb ; segments of the limb obo- vate, toothed. Anthers ovate-sagittate, a little exserted from the tube. Cells of capsule many-seeded. 1 F. DIANTHIFLORA (Benth. 1. c.) 0.H. Native of Cali- fornia, Douglas. A small, annual, nearly simple herb, about 2-3 inches in height, glabrous or downy. Leaves opposite, linear, quite entire. Flowers 1-3 together, pedunculate. Co- rolla nearly an inch long, purplish, with a yellow bottom. Pink-flowered Fenzlia. PI. 2 to 3 inches. Cult. For culture and propagation, see Leptosiphon, above. VIII. GI'LIA (named after Philippe Salvador Gilio, a Spanish botanist.) Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 17. t. 123. Benth in bot. reg. under no. 1C22. — Ipomopsis, Smith, exot. bot. 1. p. 23. t. 13. LIN. SYST. Pentandna, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, 5- cleft (f. 28 n.), with the margins and recesses membranous. Co- rolla funnel-shaped, or sub-campanulate (f. 28. b.) ; limb 5- parted ; segments obovate, entire. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla, or hardly within the tube ; anthers ovate- roundish. Capsule oblong, subtrigonal ; valves membranous ; cells many-seeded. Seeds angular. Albumen sparing. Radicle shorter than the cotyledons. — Usually annual, rarely biennial herbs. Leaves alternate, pinnate, with entire or cut segments, in the sections Ipomopsis and Eugilia ; but in the section Dac- tylophyllum, the leaves are opposite, palmately cut, with entire, subulate segments. SECT. I. DACTYLOPHYLLUM (from cacruXov, dactylon, a fin- ger ; and v\\ot>, phyllon, a leaf; in reference to the pal- mate-cut leaves.) Benth. in bot. reg. under no. 1622. Lower leaves opposite, all sessile, and palmately cut. Flowers solitary, on long peduncles. Corolla with a very short tube, and spread- ing limb. Perhaps a proper genus ?, Benth. 1. c. 1 G. LINIFLORA (Benth. 1. c.) lower leaves opposite, all ses- sile, and palmately cut ; corolla 3 times longer than the calyx. 0. H. Native of California, Douglas. Flowers white ?, form and size of those of Linum tenuifblium. Flax-flowered Gilia. PI. ? 2 G. PHARNACEOIDES (Benth. 1. c.) lower leaves opposite, all sessile, and palmately cut ; corolla twice longer than the calyx. 0. H. Native of California, Douglas. This species differs from the preceding, in the flowers being one half smaller. Pharnaceum-like Gilia. PI. ? 3 G. PUSILLA (Benth. 1. c.) lower leaves opposite, all sessile, and palmately cut ; corolla hardly exceeding the calyx. 0. H. Native of Chili, Bertero. Habit of Arenuria tenuifblia. It differs from G. pharnaceoides, in the flowers being one half smaller, and in the corollas being less spreading. Least Gilia. PI. i foot. SECT. II. IPOMO'PSIS (from iiru, ipo, to strike forcibly ; and o\j;i£, opsis, sight ; brilliancy of flowers.) Benth. in bot. reg. under no. 1G22. Ipomopsis, Michx. and other authors. Leaves alternate, pinnate or pinnatifid. Flowers solitary, or somewhat glomerate. Tube of corolla elongated, much exserted beyond the calyx. 4 G. CORONOPIFO'LIA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 187.) stem erect, tall, panicled at top, and clothed with glandular down ; leaves pecti- nately pinnate ; leaflets linear, acuminated ; tube of corolla 5 times longer than the calyx ; limb of corolla spreading, with oblong or ovate, acute, flat segments. $ . H. Native of Caro- lina ; and on the banks of the Canadian river. Lindl. bot. reg. 1091. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 289. Ipomopsis picta, Hort. gall. Ipomopsis elegans, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 141. Smith, exot. bot. 1. p. 23. t. 13. Ipomopsis coronopifolia, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 124. Cantua coronopifolia, Willcl. spec. 2. p. 879. Andr. bot. rep. 415. Pursh, 1. p. 147. Cantua pinnaiifida, Lam. ill. 1. p. 473. C. elogans, Poir. diet, suppl. 2. p. 80. Polemonium rubrum, Lin. spec. 1. p. 231. Ipomae'a rubra, Lin. syst. 171. Cantua thyrsoidea, Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 119.— Dill. elth. 2. p. 331. t. 241. f. 312. Stem clothed with fine glands, mixed with downiness. Corollas scarlet, blotched with white. POLEMONIAC&C. VIII. GILIA. 245 Buckhorn-Ieaced Gilia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1726. PI. 3 to 5 feet. 5 G. AGGREGA'TA (D. Don, in edinb. pliil. journ. 1822. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 218.) stem erect, tall, glabrous, panicled at top ; leaves pectinately pinnate, and are, as well as the bracteas, covered with cobwebbed villi ; leaflets or segments linear, mu- cronate; flowers fascicled at the extremities of the branches, drooping a little ; tube of the corolla 5 times longer than the calyx ; segments of the limb ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, chan- nelled. 0. H. Native of the north-west coast of America, particularly towards the sources of the Columbia, and on the Canadian river. Ipomopsis elegans, Lindl. hot. reg. 1281. Gilia pulchella, Doug), mss. Cantua aggregata, Pursh, aroer. 1. p. 147. Upper leaves undivided. Calyx clothed with glan- dular hairs. Corolla an inch long, scarlet; limb at first erect, at length recurved. Stamens a little exserted. Segments of co- rolla spotted. Aggregate-QovereA Gilia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1827. PI. 3 feet. G G. FLORIDA'S A ; plant glabrous ; leaves pinnate, capillary ; flowers disposed in loose racemes ; corolla tubular, narrowed at bottom ; iimb 4 times shorter than the tube ; calyx short, with setaceous segments. £ . F. Native of Florida. Cantua floridana, Nutt. in journ. acad. phil. 2. p. 110. Very like G. coronopifulia, but is a more slender plant. Florida Gilia. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 7 G. SE'SSEI ; stem dwarf, branched, clothed with glandular down ; leaves pinnatifid ; segments cuneated, with pointed teeth ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, longer than the calyx ; corolla with a filiform tube, double the length of the calyx; flowers fascicled. ©. H. Native of Mexico. Gflia jjinnatitida, Sesse et Mocino, in herb. Lamb. Stamens inclosed. Sesse's Gilia. Pi. i foot. 8 G. TEXUIFLO'RA (Benth. 1. c.) stem erect, tall, clammy, nearly naked, and panicled at top ; leaves glabrous, bipinnate ; flowers usually solitary ; corymbs loose, on long peduncles ; co- rolla 4 times longer than the calyx. ©. H. Native of Cali- fornia, Douglas. Flowers blue. Thm-fionered Gilia. PL 3 to 4 feet. 9 G. LOXGIFLORA ; plant quite glabrous ; leaves scattered, finely pinnatifid ; stem much branched, panicled at top ; flowers disposed in loose terminal, panicled, pedunculate corymbs ; tube of corolla very long. G- H. Native on the banks of the Canadian river. Cantua longiflora, Torrey, in ann. lye. p. 221. Corolla salver-shaped, having the tube an inch long. A remark- able species, having much the appearance of a Phlox. It differs from all other species, in the salver-shaped corolla. Long-foirered Gilia. PL 2 to 3 feet. ? 10 G. ARENA'RIA (Benth. 1. c.) stem humble, clammy, nearly naked ; leaves pinnatifid ; lobes ovate ; flowers somewhat glo- merate ; corollas 3 times longer than the calyx. 0. H. Native of California, Douglas. Flowers blue. Sand Gilia. PL dwarf. 1 1 G. CRASSIFO'LIA ^Benth, 1. c.) stem erect, clammy, nearly naked, and panicled at top ; leaves pinnatifid, rather woolly, but at length glabrous : segments oblong-lanceolate, entire or cut ; flowers nearly solitary, divaricately panicled ; corollas twice longer than the calyx. ©. H. Native of Chili, Cuming. Flowers yellowish ? Thick-leaved Gilia. PL 1 to 2 feet ? SECT. III. ECGI'LIA (from n, well, and Gilia; this sec- tion is considered to contain the true species of the genus.) Benth. 1. c. Leaves alternate, pinnatifid or pinnate. Flowers almost solitary, but usually glomerate. Tube of corolla rather shorter than the calyx. 12 G. PARVIFLO'RA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 626.) stem much branched, and is, as well as the calyxes, clothed with glandular down ; leaves pinnatifid, lower ones bipinnate ; segments linear ; flowers solitary, terminal, panicled ; corolla about twice the length of the calyx. ©. H. Native of North-west America. Gflia inconspicua, Dougl. in hot. mag. 2883. Ipomopsis incon- spicua, Smith, exot. bot. 1. t. 14. Cantua parviflora, Pursh, amer. 2. suppl. p. 730. Corolla small, blue ; tube nearly white. Inconsptcvmu Gflia. FL Sept. Nov. Clt. 1793. PL | to 1 foot. 13 G. TRICOLOR (Benth, 1. c.hort. trans. 1. t. 18. f. 3. bot. reg. t. 1704.) stem erect, glabrous, leafy; leaves bipinnate; leaflets or segments linear-subulate ; corymbs 3-6-flowered, virgately panicled; corolla about 3 times longer than the calyx. 0. H. Native of California, Douglas. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 264. The peduncles form a large and rather dense panicle. Corolla with an orange yellow tube and centre, and the light purple or white of the margin separated by a circle of deep purple. Nothing can be prettier than this, and other species, when thickly covering a bed a few feet in length and breadth. Three-coloured-fioviered Gilia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1833. PL 1 foot. 14 G. LACINIA'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 17. t. 123. f. 6. Pers. ench. 1. p. 187.) downy; stem erect ; leaves pinnatifid ; segments narrow-oblong, sinuated ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1 -3-flowered ; corolla tubular, hardly longer than the calyx ; calycine segments subulate. ©. H. Native of Chili, Peru, California, &c., on sandy hills. Cantua breviflora, Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 1 1 9. Thonnia multifida, Domb, herb. Corollas purplish, with lanceolate segments. Jagged-leaved Gilia. FL July. Clt. 1831. PL \ to 1 foot. 15 G. MULTICAC'LIS (Benth, 1. c.) stem erect, smoothish ; leaves somewhat bipinnate, smoothish ; segments linear ; corymbs 3-10-flowered, on very long peduncles, scarcely panicled; co- rollas hardly twice longer than the calyx. 0. H. Native of California, Douglas. Corollas blue. Many-stemmed Gilia. PL 1 foot. 16 G. ACHILLE.EFO'LIA (Benth, 1. c.) stem erect, smoothish; leaves twice or thrice pinnate ; segments or leaflets linear- subulate ; corymbs capitate, many-flowered, on very long peduncles ; calyxes rather woolly ; corollas twice longer than the calyx; stamens shorter than the corolla. 0. H. Native of California, Dougl. Lindl. bot. reg. 1682. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 280. Herb branched, pale green, glabrous. Bases of leaves ciliated. Corollas purplish blue. This species resembles G. capitata. MUfoU-leated Gilia. Fl. Aug. Dec. Clt. 1833. PL 1 foot. 17 G. CAPITA*TA (Doug, in bot. mag. 2698. bot. reg. 1 170.) plant glabrous, erect ; leaves bipinnatifid ; segments linear, cut ; flowers sessile, disposed in dense heads, similar to those of Jasione, on long peduncles ; corolla longer than the calyx ; stamens shorter than the co- rolla. ©. H. Native of North- west America. Flowers blue. Cap«/o/e-flowered Gilia. Fl. Jun. Sept. Clt. 1826. PL 1 to 2 feet. Cult. All the species of Gilia are elegant, hardy annuals, of easy culture, the seeds only requiring to be sown in the FIG. 28. 246 POLEMONIACE^E. IX. JEaociiLOA. X. COLLOMIA. open border in spring. The larger the quantity of each grown together, the more showy they appear. IX- -ffiGOCHLO'A (from ou£ euyoe, aix aigos, a goat; and Xoa, chloa, a green herb ; from the fetid smell of some of the species.) Benth, in bot. reg. under no. 1622 — Gilia species, Dougl. O LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx tubularly cam- panulate, membranous at the base, 5-cleft at the apex ; segments unequal, stiff, entire or ivmltifid, spinose. Corolla somewhat salver-shaped ; tube about equal in length to the calyx ; limb 5-parted ; segments oblong, entire. Stamens inserted in the upper part of the tube inside ; anthers ovate-roundish. Cells of capsule many-seeded. — Herbs usually clammy and fetid. Leaves pinnate ; segments or leaflets cut, very acute. 1 JE. INTERTE'XTA (Benth. 1. c.) plant erect, branched; leaves glabrous, pinnate ; leaflets or segments linear-subulate, very acute, cut, divaricate, rather spinose ; calyx woolly, hav- ing the teeth for the most part inultilid ; corolla rather shorter than the calyx; stamens exserted. ©. H. Native of Cali- fornia and North-west America, Douglas. Interwoven jEgochloa. PI. 1 foot. 2 JE. COTUL*FOVLIA (Benth. 1. c.) plant erect, strict ; leaves glabrous, bipinnate ; segments linear-subulate, very acute, those of the upper and floral leaves spinose; bracteas villous ; calycine teeth nearly entire ; corolla equal in length to the calyx ; sta- mens exserted. Q. H. Native of California, Douglas. Cotula-leaved ^Egochloa. PI. 1 foot. 3 JE. PUBE'SCENS (Benth. 1. c.) plant clothed with soft down; stem branched ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets deeply pinnatifid ; lobes divaricate, rather spinose ; calyxes and bracteas mem- branous at the base, glabrous, deeply pinnatifid, and villous at the apex ; corolla about twice longer than the calyx ; stamens exserted from the tube. ©. H. Native of California, Dougl. Downy Jigochloa. PI. 1 foot. ? 4 JE. PU'NOENS (Benth. 1. c.) plant erect, much branched, clothed with clammy down ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets entire or cut, the lobes lanceolate-linear, very acute and spinose ; bracteas ciliately hairy, dilated at the base ; calycine segments lanceolate, nearly entire ; corolla longer than the calyx ; stamens inclosed. O. H. Native of California, Douglas ; and of the west coast of America, in moist ground, in mountain valleys, near the sources of the Mulnomack river, one of the southern branches of the Columbia. Gilia pungens, Doug, in bot. mag. t. 2977. Gilia squarrosa, Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 115. Hoitzia squarrosa, Eschscholz, in mem. acad. petersb. 10. p. 283, and in Linnaea, 1823. p. 147. Flowers glomerate, terminal. Calyx longer than the corolla, ex Hooker. Tube of corolla swelling upwards, almost white ; limb spreading, pale blue ; segments ovate. Pungent .Sgochloa. Fl. July. Clt. 1833. PI. 1J foot. 5 JE. ERYNGIOIDES (Benth. 1. c.) plant smoothish ; leaves linear, opposite, floral ones pinnatifid, spiny ; flowers glomerate ; calyx multifid. Q. H. Native of Chili. Gilia eryngioides, Bot. zeit. 1833. 1. p. 122. Gilia mucronata, Lehm. cat. sem. hort. hamb. 1832 ? Nearly allied to the preceding ; but differs, in the smoothness of the plant, and in the leaves, calyx and co- rolla. Eryngmm-like ./Egochloa. PI. 1 foot.? 6 JE. ATRACTYLIOIDES (Benth. 1. c.) plant very clammy ; leaves pinnatifid ; raches dilated ; segments subulate, divaricate, spinose ; floral leaves ovate, imbricated, spiny-toothed, clasping the flowers; calycine teeth subulate, entire. Q. H. Native of California, Douglas. Habit of Alr&ctylis liumilis. Atractylis-like ^Egochloa. PI. 1 foot. 7 JE. ? TORRE'YI ; plant erect, simple, or a little branched, stiff, glabrous ; leaves sessile, digitate, alternate, imbricate ; segments 5-6, pungent; flowers axillary in the upper part of the stem, solitary, sessile ; segments of corolla obovate, obtuse. 0. H. Native of the Rocky mountains, in the valleys of Loup river. Cantua pungens, Torrey, in ann. lye. 2. p. 220. Leaves sessile, digitate, appearing as if in clusters. Corolla salver- shaped, with a long, slender tube. Stamens inclosed. Cells of capsule many-seeded. Seeds angular. This has a very dis- tinct habit from the other species. Torrey s jEgochloa. PI. 1 foot. Cult. The species of jEgochlba require the same treatment as those of Gilia. They are singular, but by no means showy plants. X. COLLO'MIA (from icoXXa, colla, glue; in reference to the seeds being enveloped in a kind of gluey, sticking substance.) Nutt. gen.amer. 1. p. 126. Dougl. in bot. reg. 1166. and 1174. Gilia species, Hook. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, 5- cleft, or somewhat 5-parted ; lobes lanceolate or linear, equal, entire. Corolla salver-shaped ; with a slender, exserted tube ; and a spreading, 5-parted limb ; segments oblong, entire. Sta- mens inserted towards the middle of the tube ; anthers ovate- roundish. Cells of capsule 1-2-seeded. — Annual herbs. Leaves alternate, the lower ones rarely opposite, quite entire, or deeply toothed, rarely pinnatifid. Flowers disposed in dense heads, propped by broad ovate, quite entire bracteas. 1 C. HETEROPHY'LLA (Hook. bot. mag. 2895. Lindl. bot. reg. 1 347.) plant prostrate, branched, clothed with glandular down ; lower leaves pinnatifid and cut ; superior ones cuneated, pinna- tifid or cut ; bracteas or involucral leaves, oblong, acute, quite entire. O- H. Native of North-west America. Flowers crowded, shorter than the involucral leaves. Corolla red, with a white centre. Furious-leaved Collomia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. i to f foot. 2 C. COCCINEA (Lehm. del. sem. hort. hamb. 1832. Benth. bot. reg. 1622.) plant erect, branched, beset with glandular down ; leaves lanceolate-linear ; upper ones ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, or deeply 2-4-toothed at the apex : calyx semi-5-cleft, with broad-lanceolate, obtuse segments ; corolla more than twice longer than the calyx ; cells of capsule 1 -seeded. ©. H. Native of Chili, about Conception and Talcahuana. C. Cavanillesii, Hook, et Arn. p. 37. Phlox linearis, Cav. icon. 6. p. 17. t. 527. Phlox biflora, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 17. C. lateritia, D. Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. t. 206. This species resembles C. linearis ; but from which it is distinguished by its deep red flowers, and by the leaves being frequently divided at the apex into 2-3 sharp segments, of une- qual size. Scar^-flowered Collomia. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1832. PI. 1 to 1-J foot. 3 C. LINEA'RIS (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 126. Lindl. bot. reg. 1166.) plant erect, branched, clothed with glandular hairs; leaves ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, opaque, uniform, superior ones downy beneath ; calyx cup-shaped, 5-parted ; corolla more than twice longer than the calyx; cells of capsule 1-seeded. 0. H. Native of North America, from Lake Winepeg to the Western Ocean ; and at the sources of the Arkansas. Hook, bot. mag. 2893. Heads of flowers involucrated like the rest. Corolla with a rufous tube, and a rose-coloured limb. Segments of calyx 3-veined. Zinear-leaved Collomia. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1826. PI. 1 foot. 4 C. GRANDIFLO'RA (Dougl. in bot. reg. t. 1274. Hook. bot. POLEMONIACE.E. X. COLLOSCIA. XI. CALDASIA. XII. LOSSELIA. 247 mag. 2894.) plant erect, branched, rather downy at top ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire, shining, ciliated with glands ; calyx 5- cleft, villous, glandular ; corolla ventricose ; limb spreading ; cells of capsule 1-seeded. Q. H. Native of North-west America, in the country bordering on the river Columbia; and as far east- ward as the Rocky mountains. Stem purple. Heads of flowers hemispherical, pruinose, clammy. Corollas like those of C. linearis, of a peculiar reddish yellow, or nankeen colour. Great-Jlortered Collomia. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1826. PI. l£ to 2 feet. 5 C. GILIOIDES (Benth. in bot. reg. under no. 1622.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets linear, entire ; calyx deeply 5-cleft ; stamens inclosed; cells of capsule 1-seeded. Q. H. Native of Cali- fornia, Douglas. Corollas very like those of C. graciUt. Gilia-like Collomia. PL 1 foot. 6 C. GLCTIXO'SA (Benth. 1. c.) procumbent; leaves deeply pinnatifid, almost pinnate ; segments oblong-linear, entire, or a little cut ; calyx nearly 5-parted ; stamens longer than the corolla; cells of capsule 1-seeded. ©. H. Native of Cali- fornia, Douglas. Corollas like those of C. gracili*. Clammy Collomia. PL procumbent. 7 C. NAVARRE'TIA ; leaves pinnately muhifid ; segments linear-subulate ; flowers capitate, involucrated by numerous bracteas; stem downy, simple, or a little branched. Q. H. Native of Chili. Navarretia involucrata. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 8. Segments of calyx furnished with 3 pungent teeth. Stamens exserted. Stigma bifid. Capsule 2-celled, few-seeded, ex Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. Corolla purple. Xatarretia Collomia. PL § to 1 foot. 8 C. GRA'CILIS (Benth. 1. c.) plant erect, branched, clothed with glandular down; leaves lanceolate-oblong, obtuse ; calyx 5-parted ; calycine segments long, subulate ; stamens inclosed ; cells of capsule 1-seeded. Q. H. Native of the north-west coast of America, on the banks of the Spokan river ; and on high ground, near Flat Head river, on light soils ; and Califor- nia, Douglas ; Chili, Cuming ; Src. Gilia graeilis, Doug, in bot. mag, 2924. Lower leaves opposite. Flowers crowded at the extremities of the branches, at length elongated into ra- cemes. Calyx clothed with black glands. Corolla small, with a yellow tube, rose-coloured limb, and oval segments. Slender Collomia. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1826. PL 1 foot. 9 C. CAVAXILLESIA'XA ; suflruticose ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets long, linear, entire ; peduncles axillary, solitary, usually 5- flowered ; corolla 3 times longer than the calyx, which is 5- cleft; cells of capsule 1-seeded. tj . G. Native of Monte Video and Buenos Ayres. Phlox pinnata, Cav. icon. 6. p. 17. t. 528. f. 1. Poir. diet, suppl. 4. p. 397. Cantua glomeri- flora, Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 119. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 368. Flowers disposed in heads, small, cream-coloured. Catanilles's Collomia. PL 1 to 2 feet. Cult. All the species are of the most easy culture, the seeds only requiring to be sown in the open border in spring. Some of the kinds are rather showy. XI. CALDA'SIA (named aftei J. Caldas, a botanist of Santa Fe de Bogota.) Willd. hort. berol. 1. p. 71. t. 71. enuro. 1. p. 202. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 166. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. Bonplandia, Cav. icon. 6. p. 21. t. 532. Lix. STST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, 5- toothed, equal to the corolla in length. Corolla somewhat funnel- shaped, unequal ; limb 5-lobed ; lobes cuneated, emarginate. Sta- mens 5, equal, inserted in the middle of the tube, declinate, ex- serted. Capsule oblong, trigonal ; valves membranous ; cells 1-seeded. Seeds oblong, somewhat trigonal, convex outside, mucilaginous. Albumen sparing. Radicle hardly shorter than the cotyledons. — A much branched, annual, erect herb, clothed 13 with glandular hairs. Leaves alternate, simple, elliptic-acumi- nated, serrated. Flowers axillary, twin, pedicellate, bractless. Corolla of a violet-blue colour, or purple. 1 C. HETEROPHY'LLA (Willd. 1. c.) Q. S. Native of New Spain, gathered by Humboldt and Bonpland, in the Botanic Garden of Mexico. Bonplandia geminiflora, Cav. 1. c. Pers. ench. 1. p. 187. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 370. Leaves lanceolate. Corolla an inch long ; with linear segments, red filaments, and yellow anthers. Vanout-leated Caldasia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1813. PI. 1| foot. Cult. This plant requires the treatment of other tender annuals ; that is, the seeds should be sown on a hot-bed, in spring, and the plants, when of sufficient size, should be planted in separate pots, and placed in the greenhouse during summer. XII. LCESE'LIA (so named, by Linnaeus, after John Loesel, author of Flora Prussica, 1 654, published at Gottsched, with additions, in 1703.) Lin. gen. 767. Schreb. gen. no. 1029. Gsertn. fruct. 1. p. 295. t. 62. Juss. gen. p. 135. Lam. ill. 527- Royena, Houston, in phil. trans. — Cantua species, Willd. Hoitzia, Juss. gen. ed. Usteri, p. 152. Cav. icon. 4. p. 44. t. 366. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 162. LIK. STST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, dry, 5- cleft (f. 29. a.), with pungent segments, furnished with 5 lanceo- late, pungently mucronate bracteas outside (f. 29. _/.). Co- rolla funnel-shaped (f. 29. 6.), 3 times longer than the calyx; tube a little curved ; limb 5-lobed ; lobes broadly obovate, en- tire. Stamens equal, exserted (f. 29. e.). Capsule trigonal ; cells few-seeded ; valves membranously crustaceous. Seeds com- pressed, nearly orbicular, girded by a very narrow membrane. Albumen sparing. Radicle about equal in length to the cotyle- dons.— Stiff, branched shrubs, natives of Mexico ; branches terete, downy or villous. Leaves alternate, ovate or lanceo- late, mucronate, hairy, sharply serrated, reticulately veined, cuneated at the base, on very short petioles. Flowers solitary or twin, axillary, pedicellate, large, showy, scarlet or violaceous. 1 L. CILIA'TA (Lin. spec. 875.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acutely serrated ; corymbs many-flowered ; stamens, 4 of which are exserted, and the fifth short, seated on the middle of the segment ; bracteas roundish-ovate, cordate, ciliately toothed. »j . G. Native of Vera Cruz. Lam. ill. 527. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 295. t. 62. f. 3. Stem quadrangular, branched. Flowers yellow. Bracteas imbricated. Cells of capsule 2-seeded. CV&iterf-bractead Loeselia. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. 2 L. COCCIXEA ; leaves nearly FIG. 29. sessile, ovate ; flowers axillary, solitary, on short peduncles ; bracteas lanceolate, subserrated, veiny, hairy. T? . G. Native of Mexico, plentiful near Gua- naxuato, and elsewhere. ; it is also cultivated in the gardens. Hoitzia coccinea, Cav. icon. 4. p. 44. t. 365. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 162. Hoitzia Mexicana, Lam. diet. 3. p. 134. Cantua Hoitzia, Willd. spec. 1. p. 878. Cantua coccinea, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 80. Bracteas vil- lous. Leaves acutely mucro- nate, cuneated at the base, sca- brous above, and hairy beneath ; serratures mucronately awned. Calycine segments lanceolate-subulate, 1 -nerved. Corollas scarlet, glabrous; segments of the limb obovate, spreading • 248 POLEMONIACEjE. XII. LCSSELIA. XIII. CANTUA. Scarlet Lceselia. Fl. ? Clt. 1824. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. 3 L. CCERU'LEA ; leaves nearly sessile, lanceolate or oblong- lanceolate, sharply serrated ; flowers usually solitary, on the tops of the branchlets ; bracteas obovate, mucronately serrated, dia- phanous, white, veined with green, smoothish. t? . G. Native of Mexico, along with the preceding species. Hoitzia cceriilea, Cav. icon. 4. p. 44. t. 366. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 163. Cantua ccerulea, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 80. Stems diffuse. Branches clothed with hair-like down. Leaves acutely mucronate, obtuse at the base, scabrous above, and hairy on the veins beneath ; serratures mucronately awned. Flowers usually solitary, but sometimes twin or tern, ex Bonpl. Calycine segments oblong, mucronate, 3-nerved in the middle. Corolla blue, glabrous, with obovate, spreading segments. £/«e-flowered Loeselia. Fl. ? Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 4 L. GLANDULOSA ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, petiolate, spiny- toothed ; those of the branches nearly linear ; flowers axillary, solitary, pedunculate ; bracteas lanceolate, obsoletely denticu- lated. >2 • G. Native of Mexico, between Actopan and Salva- tierra, where it is called by the natives, Huitzitzillzin ; hence the generic name. Hoitzia glandulbsa, Cav. icon. 4. p. 45. t. 367. Cantua glandulosa, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 80. Stem beset with glandular hairs. Calycine segments subulate. Bracteas beset with glandular pi!i on the back. Corolla red. Capsule ovate- oblong. Glandular Lceselia. Fl.? Clt. 1825. Shrub 2 feet. 5 L. ARISTA'TA ; leaves petiolate, ovate, doubly serrated ; flowers numerous, crowded at the tops of the branches ; brac- teas ovate, dentately awned, diaphanous, reticulated with green veins, glabrous, outer ones cordate, remote, and smaller, fy . G. Native of Mexico, between Lagura and Actopan, &c. Hoitzia arista ta, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 164. Branches glabrous, but the branchlets are downy. Leaves acute, rounded at the base, scabrous above, and paler and hairy on the nerves and veins beneath ; teeth mucronately awned. Calycine seg- ments lanceolate, subulate at the apex, 1 -nerved. Corolla vio- laceous ; with spatulate, rounded, ciliated segments. Awned Lceselia. Shrub. 6 L, CERVANTE'SII ; branches clothed with glandular hairs ; leaves nearly sessile, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, sharply serru- lated ; flowers twin, crowded at the tops of the branches ; brac- teas linear, 1-nerved, mucronate, acutely serrulated towards the top, and beset with glandular villi. J? . G. Native of Mexico, with the preceding. Hoitzia Cervantesii, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 164. H. spicata, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 165. Shrub much branched. Leaves scabrous on the nerves and veins, on both surfaces ; teeth mucronate. Calycine seg- ments lanceolate, acutely mucronate, serrulated at apex, marked with 3 green nerves. Corolla violaceous ; with obovate seg- ments. Cervantes' Lceselia. Shrub. 7 L. CONGLOMERA'TA ; branches clothed with glandular villi ; leaves on short petioles, ovate, sharply serrated ; flowers soli- tary, crowded into heads at the tops of the branchlets ; bracteas lanceolate, acutely serrulated, veiny, and clothed with glan- dular hairs. Tj . G. Native of Mexico. Hoitzia conglomerata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 165. H. capitata, Willd. rel. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 370. Shrub canescent. Leaves acuminated, narrowed at the base, hairy on both sur- faces ; teeth mucronate. Calycine segments 5 -toothed at top ; teeth subulate. Corolla violaceous. Conglomerate-dowered Lceselia. Shrub. 8 L. NEPET.SF&LIA (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnaea, 6. p. 385, under Hoitzia.) stems erect, terete, compressed at the nodi, and are, as well as the bracteas, downy ; cauline leaves cuneated, entire, ovate, acute, serrated, tapering into the petioles ; serra- 12 tures acuminated, paler beneath, with that part of the stem ciliated which runs from the middle of the nerves of the leaves ; flowers nearly sessile, solitary, or loosely approximate, each in- volucrated by 4-5 bracteas ; teeth of bracteas cuspidate ; sta- mens equal in length to the corolla. Jj . G. Native of Mexico, in meadows, about Misantla and Colipa. Habit of Labiatce. Flowers small, purple, or bluish purple. Nepete-leaved Lceselia. Shrub. 9 L. INVOLUCRA'TA ; plant clothed with minute, glandular pubescence ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, doubly toothed, and fringed on the margins ; bracteas about as long as the flowers ; flowers in fascicles. Pj . G. Native of Mexico. Phlox involucrata, Sesse et Moc. in herb. Lamb. Calyx with mem- branous, acuminated segments. Stem nearly glabrous, slender. Involucrated Lceselia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. Cult. The species of Lceselia are extremely elegant shrubs, particularly while in blossom. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand, is the best soil for them ; and cuttings will strike root in sand, under a hand-glass. XIII. CA'NTUA (Cantu is the Peruvian name of one of the species.) Juss. gen. ed. Usteri, p. 152. ann. mus. 3. p. 117. Lam. ill. t. 106. f. 1. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 161. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. — Periphragmos, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 17. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, 5- toothed, usually cleft to the middle on both sides. Corolla funnel-shaped, 3 times longer than the calyx; tube cursed a little; Iimb5-lobed; lobes obcordate, convolute in aestivation. Stamens inserted in the tube near the base, exserted. Capsule oblong, trigonal, with 3 deep furrows opposite the dissepiments ; valves coriaceously crustaceous; cells many-seeded ; seeds oval, compressed, girded by an oblong, membranous wing. Albumen sparing. Radicle shorter than the cotyledons. — Erect, branched shrubs, natives of Peru, with the habit of Lycium. Leaves alternate, petiolate, elliptic, acuminated, or cuneate-oblong, quite entire, or serrated, or rarely pinnatifidly sinuated, downy on both surfaces while young, but always on the under surface. Flowers terminal, corymbose, rarely almost solitary, as in C. ovdta, white or purple ; in C. buxifblia, large and showy. 1 C. PYRIFOLIA (Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 117. t. 7.) leaves elliptic, acuminated, quite entire ; corymbs dense-flowered ; pe- duncles downy ; stamens twice as long as the corolla, which is curved. Tj . G. Native of Peru, near Loxa, where it is called Turn by the natives. Lam. ill. 1. 1. 106. f. 1. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 161. Periphragmos flexuoius, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 17. t. 131. Cantua flexuosa, Pers. ench. 1. p. 187. Cantua Peruviana.Gmel. syst. l.p. 347. Cantua Loxensis, Willd. herb, in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 369. Leaves fas- cicled. Corolla white. Calyx 3-5-toothed, ex Ruiz, et Pav. The saliva becomes yellow by chewing the leaves of this species. Pear-leaved Cantua. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 2 C. THE^EFOLIA (D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. 1823.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, bluntly acuminated, serrated ; corymbs few- flowered ; peduncles glabrous ; stamens shorter than the co- rolla, which is curved. ^ • G. Native of Peru. Periphragmos species, nova Pavon mss. Habit of the preceding ; but differs in characters indicated above, and in the larger flowers, in the longer capsules, and much larger seeds. Tea-leaved Cantua. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 3 C. QUERCIFOLIA (Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 118.) leaves oblong, sinuately pinnatifkl, acuminated ; corymbs many-flowered ; pe- duncles clothed with glandular hairs; stamens much exceeding the corolla, which is salver-shaped. T^ . G. Native of Peru, where it is called Pipiso by the natives ; and on the Andes, near Nabon. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 161. Branches POLEMONIACE^E. XIII. CANTUA. HYDROLEACE^. I. HYDEOLEA. 249 clothed with clammy, glandular hairs. Leaves truncate at the base, hairy and clammy beneath. Calyx 5-cleft. Corollas white. Oak-leaved Cantua. Shrub 10 to 12 feet. 4 C. BUXIFOLIA (Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 118. t. 8.) tomentose; leaves cuneate-oblong, mucronulate, quite entire ; corymbs few- flowered ; peduncles tomentose ; stamens longer than the co- rolla, which is straight. Tj . S. Native of Peru, where it is called Cocantu by the natives. Lam. diet. 1. p. 603. ill. 1. t. 106. f. 2. Cantua dependens, Pers. ench. 1. p. 187. Peri- phragmos dependens, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 18. t. 133. Cantua tomentosa, Cav. icon. 4 p. 43. t. 364. Tops of branches, calyxes, and young leaves, downy. Corollas pale red. The showy fl Avers of this beautiful shrub are used in adorning tem- ples. Leaves and wood of this, as well as of other species, when bruised or chewed, affords an elegant yellow colour, and might therefore be useful in dyeing cloth. Box-leaved Cantua. Shrub 5 to 6 feet. 5 C. OVA'TA (Cav. icon. 4. p. 43. t. 363. Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 118.) glabrous ; leaves obovate, rnucronate, entire, rarely cut or toothed; peduncles solitary, 1 -flowered, glabrous; stamens longer than the corolla, which is straight. ^ . S. Native of Peru, where it is called Cantuttica, i. e. Canlu Jlos, by the na- tives. Corolla bluish red, or white. Oca . KU'STHH (Choisy, in mem. phys. gen. 6. p. 116.) plant very hispid ; leaves ovate-cordate, doubly crenated, pilose on both surfaces obtuse ; panicles terminal, branched ; sepals linear-lanceolate, acutish, clothed with hoary tomentum ; capsule densely clothed with hoary hairs. TJ . A. Native of Mexico, near Tasco. Wig. urens, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 127, but not of Ruiz et Pav. Hydrolea auriculata, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Hydrolea urens, Willd. herb. no. 5459. Leaves clothed with rusty tomentum above, as well as the petioles. Corolla pale violet, clothed with silky hairs out- side. Kunth's Wigandia. Shrub 6 feet. 3 W. CARACASSA^A (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 128.) plant hairy; leaves elliptic-cordate, doubly crenated: teeth acutisb, and are, as well as the tips of the leaves, clothed with hairy tomentum on both surfaces; spikes secund, revo- lute at the apex ; sepals linear-lanceolate, clothed with hoary tomentum ; capsule hardly clothed with hoary down. fj . S. Native near Caraccas. Hydrolea mollis, Willd. rel. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 190. Very nearly allied to the preceding. Leaves longer and acuter, clothed with rusty tomentum above, as well as the petioles. Corolla villous outside, violaceous. Caraccas Wigandia. Shrub 12 feet. 4 W. CKISPA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 129.) plant very hairy ; leaves ovate-cordate, acutish, irregularly and doubly serrated, pilose on both surfaces : teeth acute ; spikes panicled, secund, revolute at top, very hispid; sepals linear- lanceolate, very hispid ; corolla showy. fj . S. Native of Quito, near Alausi ; and on the banks of die river Pozuzo. Hydrolea crispa, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 22. t. 244. f. a. Nicetiana urens, Plum. amer. p. 204. t. 211. Wigandia pruri- tiva, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 865. Leaves long and broad, hoary, tomentose. Corolla large, yellow, ex Humb., campanulate, hoary from down outside. Curled-leaved Wigandia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 5 W. MACROFHY'LLA (Cham, in Linnaea, 6. p. 382.) stinging : stem branched ; spikes scorpioid, thin, bractless ; flowers ses- sile, subalar, on short pedicels. \ . S. Native of Mexico. Plant 6 feet high. Flowers blue. Large-leaved Wigandia. Shrub 6 feet. 6 W: HERBAGE A (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. 6. p. 117.) plant villous ; leaves lanceolate, entire, acute at both ends, attenuated into the short petioles ; flowers disposed in loose, corymbose pa- nicles ; sepals linear-lanceolate. ^ . ? S. Native of Monte- Video. Leaves 1-2 inches long. Sepals acute. Capsule glabrous. Hydrolea Megapotaraica, Herb. Kunth, ex Otto. Herbaceous Wigandia. PL 1 to 2 feet. f A species hardly known. 7 W. SCORPIOIDES (Cboisy, in mem. soc. phys. 6. p. 117.) plant downy ; leaves ovate-cordate, toothed, acutish, clothed with white tomentum beneath ; spikes loosely panicled, revohite ; sepals acutish, downy. If.. G. Native of Mexico. Hydrolea scorpioides, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Leaves petiolate. Panicles terminal. Flowers superior. Corolla violaceous, with a short tube, and a spreading, 5-cleft limb. Scorpion-like Wigandia. PL ? Cult. The species are all very pretty when in flower. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand, is the best soil for them ; and young cuttings will strike root readily in sand, under a hand- glass, in a little bottom heat. V. CO'DON (from culuv, kodon, a bell ; shape of corolla.) Lin. gen. edit. Reich, no. 563. Scbreb. gen. 715. Juss. gen. 424. Gasrtn. fruct. 2. p. 88. t. 95. D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ July 1833. LIN. STST. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 10-12-parted : segments subulate, erect ; alternate ones smaller. Corolla tubu- lar, longer than the calyx, torulose at the base, and furnished K k 2 252 HYDROLEACE/E. V. CODON. CONVOLVULACE^E. with as many ribs as there are lobes of the limb ; limb 10-12- cleft : lobes oblong, obtuse, keeled, imbricate in aestivation ; alternate ones smaller. Stamens 10-12, alternating with the lobes of the corolla, rising from an equal number of compressedly tetragonal arches, which are inserted in the bottom of the co- rolla ; filaments subulate, glabrous. Anthers adnate by their middle, incumbent, 2-celled; cells combined at the extremities ; pollen mealy. Style semi-bifid, pilose at the base ; stigmas simple, obtuse. Capsule ovate-acuminated, 2-celled, 2-valved, dehiscing at top. Dissepiment double, with revolute, seminife- rous edges. Seeds numerous, angular, papillose ; testa simple, cartilaginous. Albumen copious, horny. Embryo erect, slender, a little arched, with very short cotyledons, and a long, filiform, obtuse radical, looking to the hylum. This genus agrees with Hydroleacece, although the stamens, and the divisions of the calyx and corolla, are double in number, the symmetry of the flower is preserved ; but this mere increase of parts is of little importance, when the number of points of agreement are taken into account. In Cbdon, and some of the Hydroleacece, parti- cularly in JVigandia, the leaves have lobed margins, and are clothed with bristly points, which in the former genus are deve- loped into prickles. The stamina and pistilla entirely agree in both genera ; but the albumen is more copious, and the stigmata less developed in Cbdon, whose affinities, however, to the Hydroleacece, may be considered as completely established. 1 C. ROYE'NI (Lin. syst. nat. ed. 13. p. 292. Thunb. prod. p. 80. Willd. spec. 2. p. 540. Andr. bot. rep. t. 325.) 0. F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Codon acule&tum, Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 88. An annual herb, furnished with copious white, straight, subulate prickles. Root fusiform ? Stem erect, branched, terete, flexuous, robust. Leaves aternate, petiolate, ovate-oblong, a little attenuated towards the apex, but obtuse, thickish, fleshy, and ribbed beneath, with recurved, sub-repand edges. Flowers large, solitary, pedunculate, extra-axillary, somewhat racemose at the top of the stem, usually bracteate by two narrower leaves at the base. Corolla white, variegated with purple. Royen's Codon. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1801. PL 1 to 1$ foot. Cult. This is a singular plant, the seeds of which should be sown in a pot, in rich, light earth, and the pot placed in a frame ; and when the plants are of sufficient size, they may be moved into separate, small pots, and shifted into other larger ones by degrees, as they grow. They may afterwards be placed among other greenhouse plants. ORDER CLXIV. CONVOLVULA'CE^E (this order contains plants agreeing with the genus Convolvulus in important charac- ters.) Juss. gen. p. 132. edit. Usteri. p. 148. R. Br. prod. p. 481. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 94. Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 383. Calyx of 5 sepals (except in Wilsonia, which is gamosepalous and 5-toothed ;) sepals permanent, equal or unequal, disposed in one, two, or three series, often enlarged round the fruit. Corolla monopetalous, hypogynous, regular, tubular, campanulate or funnel-shaped ; having the limb sometimes of 5 plaits, and sometimes of 5 lobes, which are twisted in aestivation. Stamens 5, opposite the sepals, and therefore alternating with the lobes or plaits of the corolla, inserted more or less towards the bottom of the corolla ; filaments usually unequal, dilated at the base, some- times villous, naked, or furnished with scales, usually inclosed, rarely exserted ; anthers long, usually sagittate, and adnate at the base, often twisted afterwards. Nectarium or hypogynous disk annular, surrounding the ovarium in most of the species, more or less showy. Ovarium usually simple, 2-4-celled, rarely almost 1- celled, or altogether 1 -celled : sometimes the ovarium is double or quadruple ; in each cell there is 1 or 2 erect ovula. Style usually simple, entire, or more or less deeply cleft ; rarely two. Stigmas acute, flattened or globose ; in those with the simple style, 2-lobed. Fruit a capsule or a dry berry, 1-4- celled ; cells 1-2-seeded. Capsule usually dehiscing valvately, rarely transversely. Seeds usually rounded on one side, and flattened on the other, inserted by the base, glabrous or villous; having the testa usually black and hard. Albumen mucilagi- nous. Cotyledons foliaceous, corrugated, except in the genus Maripa, in which they are thick and straight. Radicle incurved, inferior. — Stems herbaceous, sufFruticose, fruticose, also arbo- reous ; sometimes erect, sometimes creeping, but for the most part twining. Leaves alternate, simple, entire or lobed, sessile or petiolate. Peduncles axillary or terminal, 1 or many-flowered. Pedicels articulated to the peduncles, usually bibracteate ; brae- teas more or less, approximating the flower, sometimes also in- volving the flower. Roots simple or tuberous, edible or medi- cinal. Juice milky, purgative, often filling the stem. Nearly the whole of the Convolvulacece are twining plants, with showy flowers, expanding under the influence of sunshine. A few are shrubs, but the greater part are herbaceous, and very many annual. All parts of the world produce them. Cuscuta is a singular parasite, wholly destitute of leaves. The root of many is filled with a milky, acrid juice, which is very purgative. Scammony, jalap, and some other drugs, are the produce of Convolvulacece. The roots of Ipomcea Jlorida, scoparia, and Qudmoclit, are stimulatory ; that of Ipomce'a Batatas, which is the sweet potato of America and South Europe ; and that of Ipomce~a edulis, are wholesome articles of food. Synopsis of the genera. TRIBE I. ARGYRE'IES. Embryo cotyledonous. Carpels combined into a simple ovarium. Pericarp baccate, indehiscent. 1 RIVEA. Ovarium 4-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. 2 MARIPA. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Cotyledons not plicate ? Stigma furrowed. 3 ARGYRE'IA. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Stigma 2-lobed ; lobes capitate. Corolla campanulate. 4 BLINKWORTHIA. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Co- rolla urceolate. Calyx calyculate. 5 HUMBE'RTIA. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Stigma hollow-flattened. Stamens exserted. 6 MOORCROFTIA. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. ? Fruit 2-seeded. TRIBE II. CONVOLVU'LE.*;. Embryo cotyledonous. Carpella combined into a simple ovarium. Pericarp capsular, dehiscent. § 1 . Style simple, entire even to the stigma. 7 QUA'MOCLIT. Ovarium 4-celled; cells 1 -seeded. Corolla tubular. Genitals exserted. CONVOLYULACEJE. I. RIVEA. 253 8 LEPTOCA'LLIS. Ovarium 4-celled; cells 1 -seeded. Stigma 2-lobed, capitate. Corolla with a slender tube, and a spreading limb. 9 BATA'TAS. Ovarium 4-celled; cells 1 -seeded. Corolla campanulate. Genitals inclosed. 10 PHARBITIS. Ovarium 3-celled ; cells 3-seeded, 1 1 CALOSY'CTION. Ovarium 2-celled, or somewhat 4-celled, 4-seeded. Corolla funnel-shaped. Genitals exserted. 12 EXOGOKIUM. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Corolla tubular. Genitals exserted. 13 LEPISTE'MON. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Stamens inclosed, with a scale at the base of each. 14 IPOMX'A. Ovarium 2-celled; cells 2-seeded. Stamens inclosed. Stigma 2-lobed ; lobes capitately globose. 15 JACQUEMOXTIA. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Sta- mens inclosed. Stigma 2-lobed ; lobes complanately ovate. 16 CONVOLVULUS. Ovarium 2-celled; cells 2-seeded. Sta- mens inclosed. Stigma 2-lobed ; lobes teretely filiform. 1 7 ANISE'IA. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Lobes of stigma capitate. Sepals not verticillately inserted. 18 POLYME'RIA. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 1 -seeded ; stigmas 4-6, teretely filiform. 19 CALYSTE'GIA. Ovarium 1 -celled, as also somewhat 2- celled, 4-ovulate.' Lobes of stigma filiform. Bracteas 2, invo- lucrate. 20 SHCTEREIA. Ovarium 1-celled, 4-ovulate. Stigma 2- lobed ; lobes complanately ovate. 21 SKINNE'RIA. Ovarium 1-celled, 4-ovulate. Stigma 2- lobed ; lobes capitately globose. ix! PORA'XA. Ovarium 1-celled, 2-4-ovulate. Sepals in- creasing unequally after flowering. Stigmas globose. 23 DUPERRE'YA. Capsule 1-celled, 1-seeded. Stigma large, thick. Calyx propped by 2 small bracteas. § 2. Style bifid, or styles too. 24 NEUROPE'LTIS. Ovarium 1-celled. Styles 2; stigmas fleshy. Capsule 1-seeded. Bracteas large, surrounding the capsule. 25 PRBVOSTEA. Ovarium 2-celled. Style 1, bifid. Outer" sepals involving the flower. 26 BREWE'RIA. Ovarium 2-celled. Style 1, bifid. Sepals nearly equal. Genitals inclosed. 27 BOXA'MIA. Ovarium 2-celled. Style 1, bifid. Sepals nearly equal. Genitals exserted. 28 CHE'SSA. Ovarium 2-celled. Styles 2 ; stigmas globose. Stamens exserted. 29 EVOLVCLCS. Ovarium 2-celled. Styles 2, bifid. 30 CLADOSTYLES. Capsule 1-celled, 1-seeded. Styles 2, bifid. 31 WILSOXIA. Ovarium small, 2-seeded. Style 1, bifid. Calyx tubular. TRIBE III. DICHONDRE.E. Embryo without cotyledons. Carpella dis- tinct. 32 DICHOKDRA. Ovaria two. 33 FA'LJUA. Ovaria 4. CDSCU'TE.*. 34 CUSCCVTA. TRIBE IV. Embryo acotyledonous. Plants parasitical. f A genus doubtful whether it belongs to the present, order. 35 MOCROUCOA. Calyx 5-parted : the 2 outer segments covering the rest. Corolla funnel-shaped ; limb large, spreading, 5-lobed. Stamens inserted in the upper part of the tube, and opposite the lobes. Stigma bilamellate. Capsule girded by the calyx, 3-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Tribe I. ARGYRE'IEJi (this tribe contains plants agreeing with the genus Argyreia, in having a baccate pericarp.) Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. genev. 6. p. 407. Embryo cotyledonous. Carpels combined into a single ovarium. Pericarp baccate, indehiscent. 1. RIVVEA (this genus is dedicated by Choisy, to his friend Auguste de la Rive, a physician of Geneva.) Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 407. — Convolvulus, Ipomae'a, and Lettsomia. species of authors. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Sepals 5. Corolla tubular or funnel-shaped, showy, Style 1 ; stigma capitate or lamelliform, 2-lobed. Ovarium 4-celled, 4-ovulate. Capsule baccate. —Twining, sufiruticose, very showy plants, the flowers of which exceed in size all other convolvulaceous plants. 1 R. TILJ^FOLIA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 407.) leaves cordate-round- ish; peduncles usually 1 -flowered, rarely 2-4-flowered ; sepals ovate-roundish, very blunt, equal ; corolla inflato-cylindrical. \} . ^\ S. Native of the East Indies, as of Penang, Travancore, Philippine Islands, banks of the Ganges, &rc; also of the Isle of France, Cape of Good Hope. The same plant is said also to be found in America, as in St. Domingo, St. Vincent, and Peru. Convolvulus tiliaefblius, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 544. Ipomae'a tiliaefblia, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 229. Ipomae'a Gangetica, Sweet, hort. brit. ed. 2d. p. 288. Ipomae'a Benghalensis ?, Roth, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 229. Convolvulus Gan- geticus, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 46. Convolvulus spectabilis, Brit, mus. Conv. grandifldrus, Brit. mus. Lettsomia microcalyx, Wight. Convolvulus leucantha, and Ipomae'a salicifolia, Herb, madr. Conv. marginatus, Hamilt. herb. Ipomae'a baccifera, Russell, herb. Stem downy or smoothish. Young branches villous. Leaves obtuse or acuminated, downy beneath, while young rather tomentose. Corolla tubular, 2-3 inches long, white. Seeds silky on the angles. Sepals reniform, emargi- nate, increasing in size with the fruit, and covering it at all times, ex Roxb. Lobes of stigma round. Tilia-leaced Rivea. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1812. Shrub tw. 2 R. HYPOCRATERIFORMIS (Choisy, I. c. p. 408.) leaves cordate- roundish ; peduncles 1 -flowered, sometimes axillary and solitary, sometimes disposed in a spicate manner at the tops of the branches ; sepals ovate, obtuse, unequal ; limb of corolla salver- shaped : tube very narrow. l> . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, in forests, over the southern parts of the Carnatic and Tanjore country, Trincomala, and Travancore. Conv61vulus hypocrateriformis, Desr. in Lam. diet, 3. p. 561. Conv. can- dicans, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 302. but not of Roth. Lettsomia unifldra, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 85. Ipomae'a candicans, Roxb. herb. Argyreia uniflora, Sweet, hort. brit. p. 289. Stem downy or villous. Leaves obtuse, rarely white and villous be- neath. Peduncles villous, furnished with 2 bracteas at or near 251 CONVOLVULACE/E. I. RIVEA. II. MARIPA. III. AROYREIA. the top. Corolla pure white, 3-4 inches long; tube very long, and limb large. Lobes of stigma linear-oblong. Salver-shaped-Qovtered. Rivea. Fl.? Clt. 1817. Shrub tw. 3 R. ORNA'TA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 409. t. 3.) leaves orbicularly cordate, or reniform ; peduncles elongated, spicately panicled or umbellate ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, bluntish ; corolla tubular, very narrow. Ij . /"\ S. Native of the East Indies, as of Cawnpore, Nipaul, Coromandel, Mungger, &c. Conv61vuliis candicans, Roth, nov. spec. p. 106. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 273, 790. Lettsomia ornata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 86. Argy- reia orn&ta, Sweet, hort. brit. p. 289. Conv. ornatus, Roxb. mss. Wall. cat. no. 1369. Conv. tarita, Wall. cat. no. 2253. Stem white ; branches silky. Leaves clothed with cinereous tomentum beneath, large. Bracteas villous. Corolla 3 inches long, purple. Berry cherry-shaped. Lobes of stigma linear- oblong. According to Roxb. 1. c., the flowers are large, and pure white. Adorned Rivea. Fl. ? Clt. 1824. Shrub tw. 4 R. BONA-NOX (Choisy, 1. c.) leaves cordate-roundish, or altogether roundish, sometimes villous beneath ; peduncles shorter than the petioles, commonly 3-flowered; sepals ovate- cordate, obtuse ; corolla very wide. ^ . ("\ S. Native of Bengal, in the forests of Midnapore. Lettsomia B6na-nox, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 84. Argyreia bona-nox, Sweet, hort. brit. p. 289. Clove- scented creeper, Asiat. res. 4. p. 257. Young branches hairy. Leaves acuminated or obtuse, sometimes emar- ginate ; petioles villous. Peduncles 1 -3-flowered. Corolla white, fragrant ; lobes of stigma capitate. Berry 1-celled, 1-4- seeded. The flowers of this species are large, and pure white, expanding at sun-set, and perfuming the air to a considerable distance, with a fragrance resembling that of the finest cloves ; in fact, it is the prince of convolvulaceous plants. Good-night Rivea, or Midnapore Creeper. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1799. Shrub tw. 5 R. ? OBTE'CTA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 410.) leaves lanceolate, acu- minated, glabrous above, and silky beneath ; peduncles many- flowered, longer than the petioles, but not so long as the leaves ; sepals ovate-obtuse, tomentose outside ; corolla campanulate. ^ . \ S. Native of Tavoy and Amherst. Convolvulus obtectus, Wall. cat. no. 1416. Branches strigosely tomentose, from ad- pressed white hairs. Flowers umbellate. Corolla showy, silky and hairy outside, 3 inches long. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Covered Rivea. Shrub tw. Cult. The species of Rivea are strong, growing, extensive, twining plants, bearing very large and very showy flowers. They require a great deal of room to flower them. They may be trained up the rafters, or upon trellis-work, in a stove. A rich, light soil, or a mixture of loam and peat, is the best for them ; and cuttings strike root readily in sand or mould, under a hand-glass, if placed in heat. II. MAR?PA (the Caribbean name of the tree.) Aubl. guian. l.p. 230. t. 91. Lam. ill. t. 110. Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. genev. 6. p. 411. — Ehretia species, Lam. and Poir. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogy'nia. Sepals 5, coriaceous, imbricate. Corolla campanulate, 5-lobed at top. Stamens 5, equal in height to the tube of the corolla. Style 1 ; stigma capitate, simple, furrowed. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-ovulate. Fruit baccate, coriaceously woody, 1-celled by abortion, and 1- seeded. Albumen wanting. ? Cotyledons thick, ovate. ? — Trees and shrubs, natives of Guiana. Branches scandent, ten- drilled at top. Leaves alternate, smooth. Flowers white, dis- posed in loose or thick panicles ; bracteas scale-formed at the peduncles, which are villous. 1 M. SCA'NDENS (Aubl. 1. c.) scandent, cirrhiferous ; leaves ovate, petiolate, acuminated, glabrous ; panicles loose, brac- teate ; calyx villous ; corolla spreading ; style elongated. Jj . ^. S. Native of Guiana, on the banks of the river Sinemari. Ehretia cirrhosa, Lam. diet. 1. p. 527. Ehretia scandens, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 590. Segments of corolla short, ovate- roundisli, obtuse, crenulated. Climbing Maripa. Shrub tw. 2 M. ERE'CTA (Meyer, pirn. ess. p. 115.) arboreous, erect; leaves oblong, glabrous ; panicle strict ; limb of corolla erect, exceeding the style, f? . S. Native of Guiana, about the river Essequibo. Erect Maripa. Tree. 3 M. VILLOSA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 648.) stem suffruticose, erect; leaves sessile, roundish, acutish, villous, ciliated; panicles strict, bracteate. F? • S. Native of Brazil. Villous Maripa. Shrub erect. Cult. For culture and propagation see Rivea, above. III. ARGYRE'IA (from apyvpeios, argyreios, silvery ; in reference to the silvery undersides of the leaves.) Lour. coch. p. 134. Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 5. p. 411. — Lettsomia, species, Roxb. and Wall. — Convolvulus and Ipomae'a, species of authors. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Monogynia. Sepals 5. Corolla campanulate. Style 1 ; stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Ovarium 2- celled ; cells bi-ovulate. Capsule baccate. — Extensive, twining shrubs, with a showy aspect, for the most part silvery, but sometimes silky and tomentose. SECT. I. PTYXA'NTHUS (from TTTV^,, ptyx, a plait ; and avSos, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the plicate corolla.) Corolla nearly entire, with 5 plaits at top. Stamens inclosed. 1 A. SPECIO'SA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 289. Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. 6. p. 411.) tomentose; leaves large, cordate, acute, glabrous above, or rarely villous, thickly nerved beneath, and clothed with silky, silvery down ; peduncles about equal in length to the petioles, umbellately capitate ; bracteas acute, unequal ; sepals ovate, very blunt. rj . . S. Native of the East Indies, in forests and hedges in Hindostan, Java, and the Isle of France. Convolvulus nervosus, Burm. ind. 48. t. 20. f. 1. Conv. spe- ciosus, Lin. suppl. p. 137, exclusive of the country. Smith, icon. ined. 17. Ipomae'a speciosa, Pers. ench. 1, p. 183. Sims, bot. mag, 2446. Lettsomia nervosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 78. Samudra stogam, Rheed, mal. 11. p. 125. t. 61. Leaves 3-12 inches long, and 2-4 broad, dark green above. Corolla nearly 2 inches long, of a deep rose-colour, hairy in the plicae outside. Shomj Argyreia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub tw. 2 A. BRACTEA'TA (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 412.) clothed with silky hairs ; leaves oblong-roundish, acute at apex, glabrous above, and clothed with silky, rufescent down beneath ; peduncles exceeding the petioles a little, cymose, many-flowered ; bracteas lanceolate, compassing the cyme ; sepals ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, acutish. Ij . *"*. S. Native of the East Indies. Convolvulus pomaceus ? Roxb. ex Wall, cat. no. 1419. Ipomae'a bracteata, Heyne, herb. Leaves 2-3 inches long, and 1-2 broad, clothed with silky, rufescent down beneath, with ciliated edges ; petioles, bracteas, and outside of sepals, villous. Bracteate-fiowered Argyreia. Shrub tw. 3 A. LESCHENAU'LTII (Choisy, mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 413 ) clothed with cinereous, silky down ; leaves ovate-elliptic, acutish, beset with strigose hairs above, and silky tomentum beneath ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, cymose, many-flowered ; brac- teas ovate or linear, intermixed with the flowers ; sepals ovate, bluntish, glabrous. \j . ^. S. Native of Mysore, and the Neelgherry mountains. Convolvulus Choisyanus, Wall. cat. no. 2259. 1. no. 2. Stem fistular. Leaves nerved, 2-3 inches long, CONVOLVULACE^E. III. ARGYREIA. 255 and 1-2 broad. Petioles and peduncles clothed with hoary to- mentum. Corolla 18 lines long, hairy outside. Sepals rather hairy outside, with scarious edges. Leschenault's Argyreia. Shrub tw. 4 A. POMACEA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 413.) clothed with cinereous tomentum ; leaves ovate-elliptic, obtuse, clothed with cinereous, velvety down on both surfaces, but especially beneath ; peduncles exceeding the petioles a little, cymose, many-flowered ; bracteas linear-lanceolate, adpressed to the flowers ; sepals ovate-lan- ceolate, obtuse, rather villous. fj . *"\ S. Native of Mysore. Lettsomia pomacea, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 83. Ipomae a Zeylanica, Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 482. t. 178. f. 1. Convolvulus Rottleri. Spreng. syst. 4. p. 61. Lettsomia strigosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 80. Ipomse'a strigosa, Roth. Convolvulus capitatus, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 28. ? Convolvulus Choisyanus, Wall. cat. Leaves sometimes sub-emarginate at apex. Petioles and peduncles villous. Bracteas sometimes cuneated. Flowers large, rose- coloured. Berry 4-seeded, size of a cherry, yellow. Peduncles dichotomous, 3-7-flowered. Apple-fruited Argyreia. Shrub tw. 5 A. NEELGHE'RYA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 414.) clothed with rufes- cent hairs ; leaves cordate-orbicular, or oblong, acuminated, sU nuated, beset with strigose hairs on both surfaces ; peduncles exceeding the petioles, umbellately many-flowered ; bracteas ovate or linear, intermixed with the flowers ; sepals ovate- elliptic, obtuse, hairy outside, fj . *"*. S. Native of Neelgherry mountains. Stem fistular. Leaves 3-4 inches long, scabrous and green above. Corolla 2-3 inches long, campanulately funnel- shaped, rose-coloured. Very nearly allied to the preceding species. Neelghery Argyreia. Shrub tw. " 6 A. POPULIFOLIA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 414.) glabrous ; leaves cor- dately-orbicular, short-acuminated ; peduncles usually exceed- ing the leaves, dichotomously cymose ; flowers loose, intermixed with linear-lanceolate bracteas ; sepals small, ovate-roundish, very obtuse, villous. Tj . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, at Gualpara and Colomba. Ipomae'a Kleiniana, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 789. Ipomae'a bracteata, Willd. herb. Convolvulus Malabari- cus, Hamilt. herb. madr. Wall, cat.no. 1414. Conv. fastigiatus, Roxb. ex Wall. cat. no. 2258. Tops of branchlets rather vil- lous. Leaves paler beneath. Petioles sometimes rather villous. Peduncles a foot long. Corolla tubularly campanulate, hairy outside ; tube coarctate at the base. Poplar-leaved Argyreia. Shrub tw. 7 A. SPLE'NDENS (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 289. Choisy, 1. c. p. 415.) leaves ovate-oblong, or ovate-elliptic, entire, or pandu- rately sinuated, sometimes somewhat 3-lobed, smooth above, but clothed with silvery, silky down beneath ; peduncles ex- ceeding the petioles, corymbosely many-flowered ; bracteas none ; sepals ovate, obtuse, clothed with hoary tomentum. b • ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Lettsomia splen- dens, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 75. Convolvulus splendens, Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. p. 123. Ipomae'a splendens, Sims, bot. mag. t. 2628. Conv. splendidus, Hamilt. herb. Stem clothed with hoary villi. Leaves acuminated, 6 inches long ; petioles hoary. Corolla tubularly campanulate, Ij inch long, rather villous outside, pale red. Berry scarlet, size of a large pea. Splendid Argyreia. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1820. Shrub tw. 8 A. FU'LGEXS (Choisy, 1. c. p. 415.) tomentose ; leaves lan- ceolate, long- acuminated, glabrous and dark green above, but clothed with silvery tomentum beneath ; peduncles not exceed- ing the petioles, brachiately and loosely many-flowered ; bracteas almost wanting ; sepals ovate, very obtuse, equal, villous. Tj . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, at Quilon. Convolvulus fulgens, Wall. cat. no. 1394. Conv. argenteus, Heyne, herb. Leaves nerved beneath, 3-4 inches long, 9-15-lines broad. Pe- dicels villous. Corolla tubular, 1 \ inch long, glabrous. Fulgent Argyreia. Shrub twining. 9 A. PA'LLIDA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 416.) smoothish ; leaves ovate- oblong, acute and mucronate at the apex, glabrous above, clothed with cinereous down beneath ; peduncles very short, shorter than the petioles, 3-4-flowered ; sepals ovate-orbicular, very blunt, villous. Tj . r>. S. Native of the East Indies, between Yandaboo and Paghumew, on the road to Petiwell Wells. Con- volvulus pallidus, Wall. cat. no. 1418. Branches clothed with cinereous, white wool at top. Corolla tubular, glabrous, hardly 5-8 lines long. Fruit black, acute, 2-celled. Pale Argyreia. Shrub tw. 10 A. CUNEA'TA (Ker. bot. reg. 661.) smoothish ; leaves obo- vate-cuneated, emarginate, glabrous above, but beset with short, crowded hairs beneath, hardly petiolate ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, 3-6-flowered ; bracteas linear, very acute ; sepals ovate, obtuse, equal, villous. \i . *"*. S. Native of the East Indies. Convolvulus cuneiformis, Buch. draw. mys. pi. Ipo- mae'a atrosanguinea, Sims, bot. mag. 2170. Lettsomia cuneata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 81. Conv. cuneatus, and Conv. cymosus, Herb. madr. Stem clothed with powdery down at top. Petioles villous. Peduncles and pedicels downy. Corolla large, of a beau- tiful deep bright purple colour. Berry smooth, yellowish outside. Cuneatc-\eaved Argyreia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub tw. 11 A. ELLIPTICA (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. p. 417.) smoothish or downy ; leaves ovate or obovate-elliptic, usually villous ; peduncles sometimes exceeding the leaves ; flowers in loose, corymbose panicles ; bracteas small, linear, caducous ; sepals equal, very blunt, fj . r>. S. Native of the East Indies, as of Mysore, Ceylon, Taong Dong, and Lower Nipaul. Con- volvulus ellipticus, Spreng, syst. 1. p. 613. Ipomae'a elliptica, Roth. nov. spec. 113. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 248. Convolv. laurifolius, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 50. and 573. Ipomae'a laurifolia, Sweet, hort. brit. p. 288. Convolv. peduncularis, Wall. cat. no. 1417. Branches and peduncles downy or villous. Bracteas and calyx villous. Corolla tubularly campanulate, an inch long, of a rose-colour. Berry round, 4-seeded. Elliptic-leaved Argyreia. Shrub twining. 12 A. ARGE'NTEA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 418.) stem downy; leaves roundish-cordate, short-acuminated, glabrous above, rarely beset with short hairs, and clothed with silvery, silky down beneath ; peduncles stiff, about equal in length to the petioles ; flowers loosely umbellate ; bracteas lanceolate or linear, intermixed with the flowers ; sepals lanceolate : exterior ones larger, with revo- lute margins, villous outside. T? . ^. S. Native of Silhet, and Chittagong ; and in woods about Calcutta. Lettsomia argentea, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 79. Convolv. argenteus, Herb. madr. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and the same broad. Bracteas silky. Flowers many, large, of a beautiful rich pink colour, glabrous, except the outside of the plicae, which is villous. Berry 4-seeded. Silvery Argyreia. Shrub tw. 13 A. VENU'STA (Choisy, I.e. p. 4 1 9.) altogether like the preced- ing, except the leaves, which are not silky beneath, but clothed with wool-like down, fj . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, as of Goalpara, Rangoon, Pegu, Ava, Prome, Segaen. Convolv. Malabaricus, Wall. cat. no. 1414. Lettsomia argentea, Roxb., from Rangoon. Berry glabrous, black in the dried state, 4- seeded. Sepals stiff, glabrous, and bluntish. Beautiful Argyreia. Shrub tw. 14 A. ROXBU'RGHII (Choisy, 1. c. p. 419.) very nearly allied to the two preceding species ; but the leaves are clothed with cinereous villi on both surfaces, but particularly beneath. f; . *"\ S. Native of the East Indies, in woods and hedges. Ipo- mae'a multiflora, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 89. Ipomse'a Burmanni ? Koen. mss. ex Wall. Ipomae'a Roxburgh!!, Sweet, hort. brit. p. 289. Ipomae'a amce'na, Blum, bijdr. 718. Convolvulus Roxburghii, Wall. cat. no. 1415. Stems clothed with cinereous '256 CONVOLVULACE.E. III. ARGYREIA. villl. Bracteas and sepals villous outside. Corolla 2 inches long, rose-coloured; inside of the tube a bright red. Roxburgh's Argyreia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub tw. ISA. MALABA'RICA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 420.) stem downy ; leaves roundish-cordate, acute, glabrous, or furnished with a few scattered hairs on both surfaces; peduncles about equal to, or exceeding the leaves, many-flowered at the apex ; sepals lanceo- late, acute, exterior ones larger, and clothed with hoary villi, with revolute edges. 1? . /"\ S. Native of Coromandel, Malabar, Mysore, Cochinchina, Java. Convolvulus Malabaricus, Lin. spec. 221. Willd. spec. 1. p. 857. Ipomas'a Malabarica, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 235. Kattu-Kalengu, Rheed. mal. 11. p. 105. t. 51. Petioles villous. Leaves paler beneath, 3-4 inches long, and the same in breadth. Peduncles trifid, villous. Flowers rather small ; the bottom of the bell deep purple ; throat pink, with the edges paler, almost white, and slightly 10- lobed. Desrousseaux and Blum, say, that the peduncles are 1-3-flowered ; the flowers cream-coloured, with a purple bottom. Malabar Argyreia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub tw. 16 A. A'MPLA (Choisy, 1. c.) leaves ovate-roundish, somewhat cordate at the base, short-acuminated at the apex, clothed with woolly tomentum on both surfaces while young, but when old nearly glabrous ; peduncles very short, umbellately many-flowered ; bracteas linear-lanceolate, villous ; sepals equal, linear-lanceo- late, hairy outside. >2 . *"\ S. Native of Nipaul. Convolvulus ampins, Wall. cat. no. 1420. Stem fistular, villously tomentose while young. Leaves 6 inches long, and about the same in breadth. Umbels 4-6-flowered. Corolla 2| inches long, showy, glabrous. Large-leaved Argyreia. Shrub twining. 17 A. WALLICHII (Choisy, 1. c. 421.) leaves ovate or lanceo- late, hardly cordate at the base, acuminated at the apex, gla- brous and wrinkled above, nerved and clothed with white tomen- tum beneath ; peduncles almost wanting, many-flowered ; brac- teas permanent, linear-lanceolate, rather villous ; sepals linear- lanceolate : exterior ones the longest. Ij . /">. S. Native of the Burman Empire, on mount Taong Dong. Convolvulus erythro- carpus, Wall. cat. no. 1413. Petioles villous, 4-6 inches long. Leaves length of petioles. Flowers 3-4 in a fascicle, nearly ses- sile. Berry red. Wallich's Argyreia. Shrub twining. 18 A.? LANCEOLA'TA (Choisy, 1. c.) clothed with cinereous, silky down ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, glabrous above, and blackish, clothed with silky, silvery down beneath ; flowers soli- tary, nearly sessile; sepals ovate -lanceolate, acute, clothed with silky hairs outside, fj . r^. S. Native of Martaban and Tavoy, in the East Indies. Convolvulus argyrophyllus, Wall. cat. no. 1395. Leaves 2j inches long, and 3-5 lines broad. Corolla tubularly campanulate, an inch long, purple, hairy outside. Lanceolate-\eaved Argyreia. Shrub twining. 1 9 A. ? MOLLIS (Choisy, 1. c.) stem glabrous, or hardly downy ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, hairy above, and blackish, but clothed with silvery-silky down beneath ; peduncles equal in length to the petioles, many-flowered ; flowers umbellate ; bracteas invo- lucrating the flowers, ovate-obtuse ; sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse, hairy outside. Jj.^.S. Native of the Prince of Wales Island. Convolvulus mollis, Burm. ind. 44. t. 17. Convolv. sericeus, Lin. mant. p. 43. Convolv. gracilis, Sal. prod. 124. ? Ipomae'a sericea, Blum, bijdr. p. 720. Lettsomia luspida, Hook. mss. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Peduncles hoary, 3-6-flowered. Co- rolla 2 inches long, purple, beset with long white hairs outside. Berry red. Convolvulus Kation, and C. Klchtiiina, Herb mus. par. is probably referrible to this species. Soft Argyreia. Fl. ? Clt. ? Shrub tw. 20 A. NITIDA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 422.) clothed with silvery-silky villi ; leaves ovate-elliptic, acute, silky on both surfaces, blackish above, and silvery beneath ; peduncles very short, 2-3-flowered, but usually 1 -flowered; bracteas small, linear-lanceolate ; sepals acute, outer ones the longest. J; . /0>. S. Native of the East Indies and Philippine Islands. Convolvulus nitidus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 544. Leaves 3 inches long, and 2 broad, sometimes furnished with fascicles of smaller ones in the axils of the older ones. Petioles 1-2 inches long. Corolla inflated, tubular, 2 inches long, coarctate at the base, clothed with silky hairs outside ; limb spreading a little. Shining Argyreia. Shrub twining. 21 A. GUICHENOTII (Choisy, 1. c. p. 423.) clothed with silvery down ; leaves ovate-cordate, quite glabrous above, clothed with adpressed down beneath ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, commonly 3-flowered; sepals clothed with silky-silvery down: outer ones ovate-orbicular : inner ones smaller, ovate-oblong. J? . r^. S. Native of the islands of Timor and Java. Ipomae'a pulchra, Blum, bijdr. p. 716. Leaves acute, cordate at the base, 3-5 inches long, and 1-3 broad. Corolla tubularly funnel- shaped, fine red, silky outside ; limb obtuse, 5-lobed. Guichenot's Argyreia. Shrub twining. 22 A. CAPITAVTA (Choisy, 1. c.) clothed with strigose hairs ; leaves cordate-ovate, acuminated, hairy on both surfaces ; hairs glandular at the base ; peduncles exceeding the petioles ; flowers capitate ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, involucrate, hairy, as well as the sepals, which are linear-lanceolate. Tj . /~>. S. Native of Silhet, Goalpara, Tavoy, Madras, &c. Convolvulus capitiformis, Poir. ency. suppl. 3. p. 469. Convolv. capitatus, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 28. Ipomae'a capitata, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 238. Lettsomia strigosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 80. Ipomsea trichotoma, Blum, bijdr. p. 717. Convolvulus strigo- sus, Roxb. herb. Leaves 2-5 inches long, and 1-3 broad. Co- rolla 1-2 inches long, rose-coloured or purple, hairy outside. Berry red, 4 -seeded, round. Var. ft, conferla (Choisy, 1. c. p. 424.) peduncles very short, crowded on the tops of the branches, forming long, hairy spikes; bracteas and sepals smaller than in the species. Jj . rs. S. Na- tive of the Burman empire, on mount Taong Dong. Convolvu- lus hirsutissimus, Wall. cat. no. 1400. Capitate Argyreia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub tw. 23 A. BARBIGERA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 424.) clothed with ad- pressed hairs ; leaves cordate, acuminated ; clothed with strigose hairs on both surfaces, but particularly beneath ; peduncles ex- ceeding the petioles, stiff, many-flowered ; flowers capitate ; bracteas ovate, very blunt, surrounding the pedicels and flowers; sepals like the bracteas, but more strigose. ^ . *"\ S. Native of the Burman empire, at Prome. Convolvulus barbiger, Wall. cat. no. 1404. Lettsomia strigosa, Roxb. hort. beng., but hardly of fl. ind. Hairs on the petioles and peduncles spread- ing. Corolla purple, hairy outside. Leaves 2-3 inches long, and 1-2 broad. Beard- bearing Argyreia. Shrub twining. SECT. II. SCHIZAN'THUS (from a-^i^u, schizo, to cut ; and av$og, anthos, a flower; the corolla is 5-cleft.) Corolla 5- cleft, or 5-parted at the apex. Stamens exserted. 24 A. SETOSA (Choisy, 1. c. p 425.) clothed with adpressed hairs ; leaves cordate-ovate, or cordate-roundish, acuminated, quite glabrous above, and beset with adpressed strigae beneath ; peduncles exceeding the petioles, stiff, corymbosely many- flowered ; bracteas compassing the flowers and pedicels, reni- formly orbicular, very obtuse ; sepals very strigose outside ; ovate, orbicular, obtuse. ^ . °. S. Native of Sukanagur and Lower Nipaul, as well as of the island of Timor. Ipomae'a strigosa, Roth, nov. spec. p. 113. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 242. Lettsomia setosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 80. Convolvulus strigosus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 600. Convolvulus set6sus, Roxb. CONYOLVULACEjE. III. ARGTREIA. IV. BLINKWORTHIA. V. HCMBERTIA. 257 mss. Convolv. multiflorus, Heyne, herb. Conv. confertus, Ham. herb. Leaves 2-3 inches long, and 1 to 2£ broad; the older leaves sometimes 6 inches long, and as much broad. Co- rolla 6-9 lines long, pink-coloured, clothed with strigose hairs outside ; lobes acute. Berry pea-formed, red. Flowers sessile on the branches of the peduncle. Bristly Argyreia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub tw. 25 A. RCBICU'NDA (Choisy, I. c. p. 426.) downy ; leaves roundish, hardly-cordate, obtuse, furnished with a few hairs above, tomentose beneath ; peduncles stiff, exceeding the petioles, brachiately corymbose ; bracteas ovate or ovate-roundish ; sepals unequal : outer ones the largest, ovate-roundish, very blunt : inner ones shorter and narrower ; corolla small. H . *^. S. Native of the Burman Empire, on Mount Taong Dong. Convolvulus rubi- cundus, Wall. cat. no. 1409. Leaves rather silvery beneath, an inch long, and as much broad. Peduncles tcmentose. Corolla 4-5 lines long, glabrous, silky outside ; lobes acute. Flowers disposed loosely. iteddisJt-fiovrered Argyreia. Shrub twining. 26 A. TOMENTOSA (Clioisy, 1. c.) clothed with down: leaves pvate, obtuse at the base, bluntish at the apex, and mucro- nulate. smoothish above, but clothed wish cinereous tomentum .beneath ; peduncles very short, capitately many-flowered ; brac- teas ovate or ovate-orbicular, or ovate-lanceolate, repand ; sepals linear-lanceolate : outer ones the largest. h . ^. S. Native of the Burman empire, on the banks of the Irawaddi. Convolvulus multibracteatus, Wall. cat. no. 1408. 1. Leaves 2-3 inches long, and 1 to H broad. Corolla tubularly salver-shaped ; tube glabrous ; limb acute, silky outside. J'ar. p, cordata (Choisy, 1. c. p. 427.) leaves dilated at the base, and cordate, with a rather deep, very blunt recess. J} . S. Native on the banks of the Irawaddi, and Lower Nipaul. Convolvulus p cordatus, Wall. mss. Conv. vestitus, Wall. cat. no. 1411. Berry pea-shaped. Tomentose Argyreia. Shrub twining. V. AGGKEGA'TA ^Choisy, 1. c. p. 4-27.) clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves ovate-cordate, glabrous above, but clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; peduncles exceeding the petioles a little; many-flowered; flowers capitate; bracteas in volucrating, ovate-orbicular, hoary ; sepals ovate, obtuse ; corolla small. J; . S. Native of Coromandel, Orissa, Ceylon, Mysore, Taong Dong, Ava, &c. Lettsomia aggregata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 76. Convolvulus Orixensis, Rottler, and Klein, mss. Conv. canes- cens ?, Roth, nov. spec. p. 107. Rceni. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 274. ? Conv. Heynii ?, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 699. Ipomae'a im- bricata, Roth, nov. spec. p. 112. Rcem et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 249. Conv. imbricatus. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 613. Conv. aggre- gatus, Bot. gard. Conv. cane=,cens, Spreng. Leaves obtuse at top, sometimes sub-emarginate, 2-3 inches long, and about the same in breadth. Corolla campanulate, hardly longer than the calyx, red ; lobes acute, villous outside, emarginate, ex Wall. Aggregate-flowered Argyreia. Shrub not tw. 28 A. CYMOSA (Sweet, liort. brit. p. 289. Choisy, 1. c. p. 428.) clothed with pruinose down ; leaves roundish-cordate, or reni- formly-cordate, obtuse, terminated by a very short mucrone, glabrous on both surfaces, or clothed with pruinose down ; pe- duncles equal in length to the leaves, as also exceeding them, leafy at top, and cymosely many-flowered ; bracteas ovate- roundish, obtuse, plicately recurved ; outer sepals like the brac- teas ; inner sepals ovate-linear ; corolla showy. I? . ^. S. Na- tive of Malabar, on the mountains. Lettsomia cymosa, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 82. Stems compressed. Leaves green, 1-2 inches long, and about the same in breadth. Corolla tubularly funnel- shaped, villous outside, pale pink. Berry yellow, 1-4-seeded. Cym. S. Native of the southern parts of the Coromandel Coast, Moluccas, &*c. Ipomoe'a phcenicea, Roxb. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 92. Convolvulus phceniceus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 596. Ipomoc'a angularis, Willd. act. am. N. C. berol. 4. p. 197. Convolvulus angulatus, herb. Ham. Ipomoe'a coccinea. Andr. hot. rep. t. 449. Plant glabrous. Leaves paler beneath. Sepals awned. Flowers remote, of a beautiful bright crimson colour ; tube 2 inches long. This is a very gaudy plant ; no painter can do justice to the brightness of its flowers. Crimson Quamoclit. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1806. PI. tw. 2 Q. ANGULA'TA ; leaves cordate, angular, somewhat 3-lobed, glabrous on both surfaces: upper ones entire, mucronate ; pe- duncles many-flowered, racemose, usually dichotomous. Q. '"'. S. Native of the Isle of France and Bourbon. Ipomce'a angu- lata, Lam. ill. no. 2116. Poir. diet. 6. p. 12. Ipomoe'a dentata, Willd. herb. Leaves large. Calycine segments narrow, acute. Corolla scarlet, with a long tube ; lobes of limb ovate. Capsule 3-celled. /^ngu/ar-leaved Quamoclit. PI. tw. 3 Q. RUIZIA'NA ; leaves cordately sagittate, acuminated, and acute; peduncles usually 2-flowered. O- ^. S. Native of Peru, in elevated, stony places, about Lima. Ipomos'a angulata, Ort. dec. 7. p. 8. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 11. t. 120. f. b. Ipomoe'a dubia, Room, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 216. Leaves en- tire; segments of calyx unequal, somewhat tubercled. Peduncles 1-3-5-flowered; bracteas ovate, dilated at top. Tube of corolla long, slender, of a reddish copper colour ; limb short, spreading, scarlet, with revolute edges. Capsule 3-4-celled. Perhaps a variety of Q. coccinea. Ruiz's Quamoclit. PI. tw. 4 Q. COCCINEA ; leaves cordate, acuminated, angular at the base ; peduncles 3-6-flowered ; calyxes warted, awned. 0. '"'. H. Native of St. Domingo, New Spain ; and of Carolina, at the Mississippi. Ipomce'a coccinea, Lin. hort. ups. p. 39. spec. p. 163. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 140. Curt. bot. mag. t. 221. St. Hil. 30. t. 6. Ipomoe'a stylosa, Comm. rar. t. 21. Conv. coccineus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 599. — Plum. icon. 89. t. 103. Plant nearly glabrous. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and 2 broad. Tube of corolla long ; limb small, pale scarlet. Cap- sule 3-4-celled. Var, /3, pubescent (Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea, 5. p. 118.) leaves hastately-cordate, never 3-lobed ; hind lobes angularly- toothed at the base, down dense, soft, adpressed. 0. ^. H. Native of Mexico, near Hacienda de la Laguna. <$efl)Ve<-flowered Quamoclit. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1713. PI. tw. 5 Q. LUTE'OLA ; leaves cordate, acuminated, rather angular, glabrous ; peduncles at first dichotomous, then racemose. 0. ^. H. Native of Guatimala. Ipomoe'a luteola, Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 35. coll. 2. p. 266. Willd. enum. 1. p. 207. Ipomce'a coc- cinea, /3, Willd. spec. 1. p. 880. Conv. luteolus, Spreng. syst. 1, p. 599. Sepals lanceolate-linear. Corolla of an orange yellow colour; limb acute, short. Perhaps only a variety of Q. coc- cinea. Yellow-fiowered Quamoclit. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1759. PI. twining. 6 Q. LEUCA'NTHA ; leaves cordate, bluntly acuminated, gla- brous ; flowers solitary ; calyx rather hairy, bractless ; corolla CONVOLVULACE.E. VII. QCAMOCLIT. 259 tubular; stigmas globose. Q.?^. S. Native of Cuba. Ipo- moe'a leucantha, Desv. herb, ex Ham. prod. p. 25. Corolla white. Genitals exserted. fi'hite-Jiofrered Quamoclit. PI. twining. 7 Q. SEROTIXA ; leaves cordate, acuminated, angular at the base ; peduncles thickened, 3-flowered. 0.^.8. Native country unknown. Ipomoe'a serotina, Roem. etSchultes, syst. 4. p. 215. Plant glabrous. Leaves Z^ inches long, and 2 broad. Sepals obtuse, unequal. Said to be nearly allied to Q. luteola. Con- volvulus serotinus, D. C. icon. t. 27. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 598. Late Quamoclit. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1824. PI. tw. 8 Q. HEDERIFOLIA ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, glabrous ; pe- duncles racemose, many-flowered. ©. ^. S. Native of West Indies. Ipomoa'a hederifolia, Lin. spec. p. 229. Willd. spec. 1. p. 885. Conv. hederifolius, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 594. — Plum, spec. 3. edit, Burm. t. 93. f. 2. — Tourn. inst. p. 116. Corolla 4 times longer than in C. tr'doba, violaceous, cylindrical. Stem rather angular. hy-ltated Quamoclit. Fl. July. Clt. 1773. PI. tw. 9 Q. vrriFOLiA ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, toothed at the base, glabrous : peduncles bifid, umbelliferous ; sepals acute ; tube of corolla widened above: limb obtuse, 5-cleft. G- ^ S. Native of South America. Calboa vitifblia, Cav. icon. 5. p. 51. t. 476. Macrostema vitifblia, Pers. ench. 1. p. 185. ConvolvulusNeei, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 593. Lobes of leaves acuminated: middle one contracted at the base. Corolla yellowish outside, purplish- red inside, an inch long. I'ine-karcd Quamoclit. PI. twining. 10 Q. TRILOBA ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, glabrous, interme- diate lobe ovate, lateral ones semicordate ; peduncles 3-flowered. 0. ^\ S. Native of South America. Ipomoe'a tiiloba, Lin. spec, p. 229. Mill. diet. no. 6. Willd. spec*. 1. p. 884. Convolvulus trflobus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 564. — Knip. cent. 7. no. 37. Stem angular. Corolla cylindrical, violaceous. Capsule pilose. TAree-lobed-leaved Qiiarooclit. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1752. PI. tw. 11 Q. EUSTACHIA'NA : leaves cordate, 3-lobed, glabrous; peduncles 2-flowered. ©. ^. S. Native of the Island of St. Eustache, among Opuntiat ; and of Mexico, on hills, between Funas and Vera Cruz. Ipomoe'a Eustachiana, Jacq. obs. 2. t. 36. Vittm. summ. 1 . p. 440. Corolla deep purple, funuel- shaped ; segments short, acute. Euttache Quamoclit. PI. tw. 12 Q. HASTIGERA ; leaves hastately trifiJ, glabrous: interme- diate segment lanceolate, large : lateral ones angular ; pedun- cles axillary, many-flowered. It. ^ S. Native near the city of Mexico. Ipomoe'a hastigera, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 111. Ipomoa'a angularis, ^ illd. mss. Ip. Humboldtiana, Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 789. Conv. hastigerus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 605. Stem angularly striated. Leaves 2 inches long, cordate : lateral segments triangular. Peduncles dichoto- mous, 6-7-flowered. Sepals roundish, obtuse, awned. Corolla flesh-coloured. Capsule 3- celled. Halbert-bearing Quamoclit. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. PI. tw. 13 Q. SAKGCISEA; glabrous; leaves cordately 3-lobed or hastate ; peduncles longer than the leaves, cymosely trichoto- mous, ex Ker ; 3-flowered, ex Vahl. fj . ^. S. Native of the Island of Santa Cruz. Ipomoj'a sanguinea, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 33. Ker. bot. reg. t. 9. Willd. spec. 1. p. 885. Conv. san- guineus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 595. Hind lobes of leaves angularly lobed, ex Vahl. The two lateral pedicels trifid, 3-flowered, middle one 1 -flowered. Sepals setaceous, dilated at bottom. Corolla erect, arched, of a crimson-blood colour, an inch long, narrow, clavately tubular, compressed ; limb oblately globose, with a contracted, 5-toothed mouth. Stamens ascending, much exserted. Stigma papillosely granular. 5/Wy-flowered Quamoclit. Fl. Feb. Nov. Clt, 1812. Shrub tw. 14 Q. LOSGIFLOBA ; leaves hastately S-lobed, glabrous: inter- mediate lobe large, oblong : lateral ones quite entire ; peduncles axillary, many-flowered ; tube of corolla very long. If. . ^\ S. Native of Cuba, near Havannah. Ipomoa'a longi flora, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 111. Stems angular. Leaves cordate; lateral segments triangular. Sepals oblong, obtuse, awned. Corolla white ; tube 3 inches long. Lomg-Jlomered Quamoclit. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1803. PI. tw. 1 5 Q. HASTA'TA ; leaves sagittately hastate, glabrous ; pe- duncles 2-flowered. 0. *"*. S. Native of Java. Ipomoe'a has- tata, Lin. mant. p. 204. Willd. spec. 1. p. 884. Ipomoe'a sagittaefolia, Burm. ind. 50. 1. 18. f. 2. Conv. Javanicus, Garc. Hind lobes of leaves acuminated. Corolla yellow, tubularly funnel-shaped, an inch long; limb short, flattish, with ovate, acute lobes. Hastate-leaved Quamoclit. PI. tw. 16 Q. CHOLCLE xsis ; leaves roundish-ovate, acuminately cuspidate, deeply cordate, downy above, glabrous beneath ; pe- duncles terminal and axillary, 5-flowered ; calyx glabrous. 0. ^. S. Native of New Spain, near the city of Cholula. Ip. Cholu- lensis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 112. Convolvulus Cholulensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 599. Stem somewhat trigonal. Flowers size of those of Q. coccinea, scarlet. Cholula Quamoclit. PI. tw. 1 7 Q. DICHOTOMA ; leaves ovate, acuminated, glabrous ; pani- cles terminal, dichotomous ; calyx glabrous. 0 . *"*. S. Native of New Granada, at the mouth of the river Sinu, in humid places. Ipomoe'a dichotoma, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 1 12. Stems nearly terete. Pedicels and bracteas downy. Sepals linear, acuminated. Corolla tubularly funnel-shaped, scarlet. Z)tcAotomctu-panicled Quamoclit. PI. twining. 18 Q. MixA : stems glabrous, terete; leaves roughish, and rather villous below, and glabrous above, cordate, 3-lobed ; pe- duncles long, bearing twin, secund racemes, each bearing 7-9- 1 1 flowers ; calyx fleshy, with oblong, keeled segments, which are mucronate. ©.? If.? /"\ S. Native of Mexico. Mina lobata, La Lave, et Lexarza, nov. veg. mex. fasc. 1. p. 3. Co- rolla tubular, curved, dilated at the base, red at top, the rest yellowish red, fading to yellowish white : limb narrow, 5-tooth- ed ; teeth roundish, mucronate ; tube 5-angled. Stamens in- serted in the mouth of the tube. Ovarium girded by a fleshy gland. Mina's Quamoclit. PI. tw. 19 Q. GKAXDIFLOEA ; stems terete, scabrous ; leaves some- what hastately 3-lobed, deeply cordate, glabrous ; peduncles longer than the petioles ; flowers disposed in racemose fascicles ; sepals furnished with a small fleshy horn at the top of each ; limb of corolla explicate. If. '\ S. Native of Mexico, at St. Jose del Corral. Morenoa grandiflora La Lave, et Lexarza, nov. veg. mex. fasc. 1. p. 17. Corolla scarlet, with a narrow curved tube and a wide limb, 2 inches long. Stamens a little exserted. The leaves of the specimens of this plant we have seen are angularly cordate, acuminated, and sometimes 3-lobed ; the lobes and auricles acuminated. Great-homered Quamoclit. Fl. Year. Clt. 1826. PI. tw. 20 Q. GLOBOSA ; stems terete ; leaves on long petioles, gla- brous, hastate : middle lobe lanceolate, acuminated : lateral ones protracted into acute angles in front, which are prolonged, angular, and truncate behind ; peduncles elongated : flowers somewhat fascicled ; sepals rounded, equal ; corolla with a L L 2 260 CONVOLVULACEjE. VII. QUAMOCLIT. VIII. LEPTOCALLIS. IX. BATATAS. globose limb. Tf..1^. S. Native of Mexico, at St. Jose del Corral. Morenoa globosa, La Lave et Lexarza, nov. veg. mex. fasc. 1. p. 5. Corollas scarlet. Globose-fioweved Quamoclit. Fl. Year. Clt. 1827. PI. tw. 21 Q. DIGITA'TA ; glabrous ; leaves palmate : segments 5-7, lanceolate, obtuse; peduncles 2-3-flowered. Q. ? °. S. Na- tive of tropical America. Ipomoe'a digitata, Lin. spec. p. 162. Mill. diet. no. 8. Willd. spec. 1. p. 882. Conv. digitatus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 592. Quamoclit, foliis digitatis, flore coc- cineo, Plum. spec. 3. icon. 92. f. 1. Corolla funnel-shaped or tubular, fine purple or scarlet. Stigma globose, obsoletely 3- lobed. Capsule globose, 3-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Digitate-\eaved Quamoclit. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. ? PI. tw. 22 Q. VULGA'RIS (Choisy, in mem. soc. gen. 6. p. 434.) leaves pinnatifid, even to the middle nerve ; segments linear, parallel, acute ; peduncles 1 -flowered; sepals ovate-lanceolate. Q. ^. S. Native of various parts of the East Indies; Isle of France ; and North and South America. Ipomce'a Quamoclit, Lin. spec. 227. Curt. bot. mag. t. 244. Lam. ill. t. 104. f. 1. Convolvulus pinnatus, Lam. diet. 3. p. 567. Conv. Quamoclit, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 591. Conv. pennatifoiius, Sal. prod. p. 124. Flos cardinalis, Rumph. amb. 5. p. 421. t. 155. f. 2. Tsiuria- Cranti, Rheed, mal. 11. p. 123. t. 60. Camalata, Asiat. res. 4. p. 256. — Sabb. hort. 1. t. 515. Plant glabrous. Sepals acute. Corolla scarlet, an inch long ; tube narrow ; limb acute. Cap- sule usually 4-celled. The American plant is said to have the peduncles generally 2-flowered. Far. /J, alb'tflbra; flowers white. Common Quamoclit. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1629. PI. tw. Cull, The most of the species of Quamoclit are beautiful half hardy annual plants. They should be reared on a hot bed ; and about the end of May they may be planted out in an open border, in a warm, sheltered situation, where they will flower freely, and ripen their seed. Some of the more tender kinds may be grown in pots, in the greenhouse, during summer. The perennial her- baceous and shrubby kinds should be treated in the manner re- commended for Batatas, p. 262. VIII. LEPTOCA'LLIS (from \ITTTOQ, leptos, slender-; and k-aXXoc, kallos, beauty ; the plants are slender, and very pretty.) Ipomcea species of Cav. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Mcncgynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- rolla tubularly funnel-shaped, narrow. Stamens inclosed. Style 1 ; stigma globose, 2-lobed. Ovarium 4-celled ? 4-valved ; cells 1-seeded ? Capsule roundish. Seeds angular. — Small erect plants, with quinate or ternate leaves, and flowers resembling those of Quamoclit tulgaris in shape ; except that the stamens are inclosed. 1 L. QUINA'TA ; glabrous ; leaves quinate ; leaflets linear ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. I/. G. Native of Mexico. Ipomce'a muricata, Cav. icon. 5. p. 52. t. 478. f. 2. Ipomce'a arrnata, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 214. Stems filiform, erect. Peduncles furnished with 2 scale-formed bracteas under the calyx. Calyx muricated ?, with ovate, acuminated segments. Corolla of a reddish-violet colour, tubular, an inch long; segments of the limb ovate, acuminated. Filaments villous at the base. Quinate-\ea.\ed Leptocallis. PI. 1 to \\ foot. 2 L. TERNA'TA ; glabrous ; leaves ternate ; leaflets linear ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. 1£. G. Native of Mexico, about Acapulco. Ipomce'a ternifolia, Cav. icon. 5. p. 52. t. 478. f. 1. Stems filiform, erect. Calycine segments acuminated. Corolla tubular, purplish-violet, with ovate, obtuse segments. Stamens villous at the base. Ternate-leaved Leptocallis. PI. 1 to \\ foot. Cult. The species of Leptocallis are very elegant, slender, upright plants, with flowers similar to those of Quamoclit. They will do well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, or any rich light soil ; and cuttings of them will readily strike under a hand- glass, in a little bottom heat. IX. BATATAS (Batatas is Malay according to Rumphius, Mexican according to Nieremberg.) Rumph. amb. 5. p. 367. t. 130. Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 434. — Ipomoa'a and Convolvulus species of authors. LIN. SYST. Pcntandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Corolla campanulate. Stamens inclosed. Style one ; stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Ovarium 4-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Capsule 4-celled, or only 3-celled by abortion. — Creeping or twining herbs. 1 B. EDU'LIS (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 435.) stem creeping, rarely twining; leaves variable, usually angular, also lobed ; peduncles equal in length to the petioles, or exceed- ing them, 3-4-flowered ; sepals acuminately mucronate, rarely subtruncate, outer ones a little shorter. 1£. S. Native of the East Indies, and now cultivated every where within the tropics. Convolvulus Batatas, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 138. Lin. amoen. acad. 6. p. 138. Roxb. in Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 69. Ipomce'a Batatas, Lam. diet. 6. p. 14, exclusive of the syn. of Feuille. Convolvulus I'ndicus Orientalis, &c. Moris, hist. 2. sect. 1. t. 3. f. 4. Convolvulus esculentus, &c. Catesb. car. 2. p. 60. t. 60. Ipomce'a Catesbse'i, Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 113. Conv. esculentus, Sal. prod. p. 123. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 607. Conv. edulis, Thunb. jap. p. 84. Batatas, Rumph. amb. 5. p. 367. t. 130, Kappa-Kalenga, Rheed. mal. 7. p. 95. t. 50. Root tuberous, edible. Stems prostrate. Leaves cordate. Corolla an inch long, glabrous, white outside, and purple inside. The red-rooted sort is in general cultivation all over the warmer parts of Asia, and very deservedly esteemed one of the most palatable and nutritious roots ; the white-rooted sort is more generally cultivated in other parts. The Spanish or Sweet Potatoe is a native of both Indies, and was cultivated by Gerarde, in 1597. He calls the roots potatus, potades, or potatoes, and says they are by some named skirrets of Peru. They flourished in his garden till winter, when they perished and rotted. Batatas were then sold at the exchange in London, and are still annually imported into England from Spain and Portugal. They were, in 1315, the common potatoes of our old English writers, the now common potatoe, Solanum tuberbsum, Lin., being then little known. The tubers of the Batatas are sweet, sapid, and nourishing. They are very com- monly cultivated in all tropical climates, where they eat not only the roots, but the young leaves and tender shoots, boiled. There are several varieties, differing in the size, figure, colour, and taste of the roots, as well as the form, hairiness, and smoothness of the leaves, and colour of the flowers. In warm climates this plant is cultivated in the same manner as we do the potatoe, but requires much more room, for the trailing stalks extend 4 or 5 feet every way, sending out large tubers, 40 or 50 to a plant. In the national garden at Paris, the plants are raised on a hot- bed, and, about the middle of May, transplanted into the open ground, where they are earthed up, and otherwise treated like the potatoe. In warm seasons they produce a tolerable crop. M. Thouin considers it a much lighter food than the potatoe, and equally nourishing. In England, Miller observes, the roots must be planted on a hot bed in spring ; and if the plants are kept covered in bad weather with glasses, they will produce flowers, and many small tubers, from the joints ; but if they are exposed to the open air, they seldom make much progress. Batatas, or Sweet or Spanish Potatoe. Fl. ? Clt. 1797. PI. tw. CONVOLVULACE.E. IX. BATATAS. 261 S B. PAMCULA'TA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 436.) twining, glabrous ; leaves palmate, 5-7-cleft : lobes ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, bluntish, rarely sub-acuminated ; peduncles much exceeding the petioles, many-flowered, dichotomously and corymbosely pani- cled ; sepals ovate-roundish-concave, very blunt, equal. 1^. *"*. S. Native of the East Indies, as of Silhet, banks of the Ira- waddi, Tavoy, Goalpara, &c. ; New Holland ; Java ; Africa, in Guinea ; Cayenne, Maranham, and the banks of the Orinoco, in America. Conv. paniculatus, Lin. spec. 223. Schum. pi. guin. p. 94. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 63. Ipomoe'a paniculata, R. Br. prod. p. 486. Ker. bot. reg. t. 62, but not of Burm. Ipomoe'a Mauritiana, Jacq. coll. 4. p. 216. hort. schoenbr. 2. p. 39. t. 200. Ipornce'a gossypifolia, Willd. enum. 208. Conv. gossypifolius, herb. br. mus. Conv. instgnis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 592. Ipo- moe'a eriosperma, Beauv. fl. d. ow. 2. p. 73. t. 105. Convolvu- lus roseus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 108. Ipomce'a quinqueloba, Willd. re), ex Roem. et Schuhes, syst. 4. p. 789. Ipornce'a insignis, Andr. bot. rep. t. 636. Ker, bot. reg. t. 75. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1790. Ipomoe%a splendens, G. Don, in Sweet, hori. brit. Pal-Modecca, Rheed. rnal. 11. p. 101. t. 49, exclu- sive of Modecca. Conv. macrorhizus, Heyne, herb. Root thick, round, in the Guinea plant elongated. Leaves large, 3-4 inches long, and as much broad. Corolla large, purple. Cap- sule usually 4-celled, but sometimes 3-celled by abortion. Seeds furnished with long hairs at top, which are bent in within the capsule. Paniclfd-Qovfered Batatas. Fl. June, Sept. Ch. 1799. PI. twining. 3 B. HETEEOPHY'LLA ; plant very villous ; stem twining ; leaves quinately palmate : lobes or leaflets ovate-spatulate, acute ; peduncles solitary, axillary, bearing each 3 sessile flowers; corolla blue. 1L. ^. S. Native of Cuba and New Spain. Ipomce'a heterophy'lla, Ort. dec. p. 9. Jacq. fragm. p. 37. t. 42. f. 4. Cav. descr. p. 99. Ipomoe'a Ortegas, Poir. suppl 4. p. 633. Conv. heterophy'llus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 592. Root tuberous, fleshy. Outer sepals larger, cuspidate, some- what cordate. Capsule 4-celled. I'arioui-lcated Batatas. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1817. PI. tw. 4 B. ? WiLLDExdwii ; stem twining, beset with silky pili ; leaves palmately 5-7-cleft, clothed with adpressed, silky hairs, leaflets or lobes ovate, nearly equal, the 2 outer lobes al- ways smaller ; peduncles 3-flowered : corolla purple. If. . /"\ S. Native country unknown. Ipomoe'a Willdenowii, Roem. et Schultes, syst, 4. p. 211. Ipomoe'a heterophv'lla, Willd. enum. 1. p. 207. Calyx enveloped in a cordate bractea. Corollas large. N'tlldcnorr't Batatas. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. PI. tw. 5 B. MACRORHIZOS ; glabrous ; leaves digitate, with 7 entire, ovate, lanceolate, acute leaflets : peduncles 3-flowered ; corolla scarlet, li . °. S. Native of St. Domingo. Convolvulus ma- crorhizos, Lin. spec. 223. Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 567. — Plum, spec. 1. Burm. an.er. 90. f. 1. Plum. cat. p. 1. Tourn. 84. Root tuberous, turnip-formed. Petioles and middle nerve of leaves purplish. Peduncles 5-6-flowered. Limb of corolla un- dulated. Root purgative. Large-rooted Batatas. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1817. PI. tw. 6 B. SENEGALE'NSIS ; glabrous ; stem white, tubercular, twining ; leaves quinately palmate ; lobes ovate, obtuse, middle one the largest ; peduncles usually 3-flowered ; corolla white or purplish. I/ . ^. S. Native of Guinea, from Senegal to the Line, &rc. Ipomoe'a Senegalensis, Lam. ill. 1. p. 464. no. 2113. Poir. diet. 6. p. 11. Calyx short; sepals ovate, with white, membranous edges. Corollas large. Root tuberous. Very like B. jianiculata, and probably only a variety of it. Senegal Batatas. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. PI. tw. 7 B. PAPIRIN ; hairy; leaves quinately palmate, cordate; lobes lanceolate, entire; peduncles 1 -flowered; corolla funnel- shaped, purplish. Tlf. r^. S. Native of Peru, upon the hills of Tarma, where it is called Papirin. Ipomoa'a Papirin, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 11. t. 120. f. a. Pers. ench. 1. p. 182. Conv. Papirin, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 592. Root large, drastic, globose or oblong. Stems numerous, filiform. Bracteas subu- late. Sepals subcordate. Corollas large. Papirin Batatas. PI. tw. 8 B. SCBTKJLOBA ; downy ; leaves cordate, somewhat 3-lobed ; peduncles 1 -flowered. T£ . ^. S. Native of Peru, along with the preceding. Ipomce'a sublrfloba, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 11. Ipomce'a Papirin, p, subtriloba, Pers. syn. 1. p. 185. Co- rolla purple, as in B. Papirin. Root tuberous, drastic. Su6-. S. Native of the Is'e of France and Bourbon. Ipomos'a venosa, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 212. Convolvulus »e- nosus, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 3?! Willd. spec. 1. p. 865. Desr. Lam. diet. 3. p. 180. no. 78. Root tuberous. Intermediate leaflets obovate, 2 inches long, lateral ones gradually smaller and narrower. Peduncles umbellate, with an ovate-cordate, solitary leaf at the base of each pedicel. Corolla funnel-shaped. J'ar. /3 ; leaflets usually 7, narrower. If. . '"X S. Native of the Isle of France, Desr. in Lam. diet. 1. c. Veiny Batatas. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1S20. PI. tw. 1 1 B. PENTAPHY'LLA (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 4S6.) hairy ; leaves quinate ; leaflets petiolate, elliptic-lanceo- late or oblong, entire, acuminated ; peduncles longer than the leaves, loose, dichotomous ; corolla white, or cream-coloured. 2f./"\ S. Native of the East Indies, Guinea, Islands of Bour- bon and France ; South America, as in St. Domingo, St. Thomas, Martinico, &c. ; as well as of the Sandwich and Friendly Islands. Convolvulus pentaphyllus, Roy, lugdb. p. 429. Lin. amoen. acad. 8. p. 252. spec. 223. Schum. pi. guin. p. 97. Conv. aphyllus, Viviani, ann. bot. 1. p. 95. Ipomoe'a pentaphylla, Jacq. co!l. 2. p. 297. icon. rar. t. 319. Ipomoe'a pilosa, Cav. icon. 4. p. 11. t. 323. Conv. hirsiitus, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 65. Conv. rnunitus, Wight, ill. ind. bot, p. 1 7. t. 7. Conv. tenuifo- lius, Ham. herb. — Plum. amer. t. 91. f. 2. The whole plant is clothed with long, yellow hairs, which rise from black elands. The 3 outer sepals lanceolate, acute. Corolla exceeding the calyx a little, white or cream-coloured. Capsule covered by the calyx. Seeds glabrous. rice-leated Batatas. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1739. PI. tw. 12 B. CISSOIDES (Choisy, 1. c. p. 437.) hairy; lea es qui- nate ; leaflets ovate, acutish, toothed, somewhat mucronate ; peduncles 2-3-flowered, equal in length to the leaves ; sepals ovate, acuminated, hispid at the base : corolla white. 11 . r*. S. Native of the East Indies, and tropical America. Convolvulus cissoides, Vahl. eel. 2. p. 15. Lam. ill. p. 462. no. 2103. Conv. calycinus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 109. Conv. trichosporus, Wall. cat. no. 1423. Conv. digitatus. Ham. herb. Stem scabrous from black dots. Leaflets petiolate. Common petioles downy. Corolla veiny, a little longer than the calyx. Capsule girded by the calvx. Seeds glabrous. Var. ,3: all parts of the plant larger. ^. ^. S. Native of 262 CONVOLVULACE.E. IX. BATATAS. X. PHARBITIS. Cayenne, Cuba, Brazil, banks of the Orinoco. Convolvulus riparius, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 109. Conv. Orino- censis, Willd. herb. ex. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 303. Cissus-like Batatas. PI. tw. 13 B. CAVANJLLE'SII ; glabrous; leaves quinate; leaflets ovate, entire, unequal ; peduncles 1-3-flowered ; corolla of a pale whitish red. Tf..^. S. Native country unknown. Ipomce'a Cavanillesii, Ro3m. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 214. Ipomceva pen- taphylla, Cav. icon. 3. p. 29. t. 256. Pers. ench. 1. p. 184. Ip. Cavanillesii, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 214. Convolvulus Cavanillesii, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 590. Stems filiform. Sepals ovate, coriaceous, the 2 outer ones rough from dots. Lobes of corolla obtuse, crenulated. Cavanilles's Batatas. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1815. PI. tw. 14 B. TERNA'TA ; glabrous; leaves ternate ; leaflets petio- lulate, ovate, repandly crenated ; peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered ; corolla dirty white, with the rays cream coloured ; calyx clammy ; sepals obovate, obtuse, inflated. I/ . ^. S. Native of Brazil. Ipomce'a ternata, Jacq. hort. schcenbr. 1. p. 16. t. 37. Poir. suppl. 4. p. 632. Conv. ternatus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 590. Root tuberous, large. Peduncles purplish. Lobes of corolla bearded. Stamens exserted. Ternate-leaved Batatas. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. PI. tw. 15 B. GLAUCIFOLIA ; glabrous ; leaves sagittate, truncate be- hind, on long petioles ; peduncles 2-flowered, length of leaves ; sepals ovate, acute. I/ . r*. S. Native of Mexico, in corn fields. Ipomce'a glaucifblia, Lin. spec. 229. Willd. spec. 1. p. 884. Convolvulus glaucifblius, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 604. — Dill, elth. 103. t. 87. f. 101. Corolla small, purplish or flesh-co- loured ; with an inflated tube, and ovate, acute segments. Cap- sule 3-4-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Glaucous-leaved Batatas. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1732. PI. tw. 16 B. LOURE'IRII ; stems procumbent; leaves cordate, pal- mate, on long petioles ; corolla purple. If. . ^. S. Native of Cochinchina. Ipomce'a tuberosa, Lour. coch. p. 138. Tubers oblong, edible, as in B. edulis, to which they are much like in size, taste, and form. Loureiro's Batatas. PI. procumbent. Cult. The species of Batatas are strong, free growing plants, of easy culture, only requiring plenty of room to spread. They are well adapted for trellis-work, or to run up pillars in stoves. They are all tuberous rooted plants ; and, therefore, require to be kept dry when in a dormant state. Light rich soil an- swers them best. Young cuttings strike root readily under a hand-glass, in heat. They are all very showy when in blossom. X. PHARBI'TIS (meaning unknown to us.) Choisy in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 438. — Convolvulus and Ipomce'a species of authors. — Convolvuloides, Mcench. meth. 452. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Corolla campanulate, or campanulately funnel-shaped. Style one ; stigma capitately granulate. Ovarium 3, rarely 4-celled ; cells 2-seeded. — The species of this genus are readily distin- guished from other convolvulaceous plants. They are mostly climbing American herbs, usually beset with retrograde hairs. § 1. Leaves cordate, entire. 1 P. HISPIDA (Choisy in mem. soc. phys. 6. p. 438.) leaves cordate, acuminated, entire : auricles diverging ; peduncles usually exceeding the leaves, 3-5-flowered, somewhat umbel- late ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute. 0- ^. H. Native of South America, Sandwich Islands, and probably cultivated in the East Indies. Convolvulus purpureus, Lin. spec. p. 219. Ehrh. pict. t. 7. f. 2. Curt. bot. mag. t. 113. 1005. and 1682. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 104. Ipomcea purpurea, Lam. ill. no. 2129. Ipomce'a hispida, Zucc. cent. obs. no. 36. Ipomce'a Zuccagni, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 230. Ipomce'a glandulifera, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per 2. p. 12. t. 121. f. a. Ipo- moe'a intermedia, Schultes, obs. no. 236. p. 37. Ip. Schultesii, Schultes, syst. 4. p. 790. Conv. mutabilis, Sal. prod. 123. Convolvuloides leucosperma, and Conv. purpurea, Mcench. meth. p. 452. Conv. glandulifer, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 599. Ipomce'a discolor, Spreng. mss. ex Schultes, obs. Conv. eriocaulos ? Willd. mss. in Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 301. — Dill. elth. 97. t. 82. f. 94. ibid. p. 100. t. 84. t. 97. Stem beset with re- trograde hairs. Pedicels usually drooping or twisted. Sepals hispid, particularly so at the base ; inner ones smoothish. Cap- sule glabrous, 3-celled. Seeds brown, roundish. — This species varies much in the colour of the flowers ; white, purple, violet, and mixed with these colours. Hispid Pharbitis. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1629. PI. tw. 2 P. INSULA'RIS (Choisy, 1. c. p. 439.) leaves entire, cordately acuminated, clothed with greyish down ; peduncles exceeding the petioles from 2 to many-flowered ; sepals cuneate-lanceo- late, very acute, downy. Q.1^1. H. Native of Marianne Island ; Sandwich Islands ; Norfolk Island ; New South Wales, at Endea- vour river. Convolvulus multiflbrus, herb, britt. mus. Stem beset with retrograde soft hairs. Petioles villous. Bracteas narrow, villous. Corolla tubularly campanulate, 2-3 inches long, purple. Var. fi ; down on the plant longer, of a rusty, silky colour. Island Pharbitis. PI. tw. 3 P. BARBIGERA ; stem downy ; leaves cordate, acuminated, entire, hairy on both surfaces ; hind lobes rounded : peduncles 1 -flowered, shorter than the petioles, bibracteate near the calyx; sepals acuminated, spreadingly reflexed at apex, and densely bearded at the base. ©. /"\ H. Native of North America. Ipomce'a barbigera, Sweet, fl. gard. t. 86. Corolla campanu- lately funnel-shaped, 5-lobed, slightly crenulated ; limb of a bright azure blue ; tube pale, or nearly white. Stigma capi- tate, hardly lobed. Capsule smooth, 3-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Seeds black, roughish, downy. Beard-bearing Pharbitis. Fl. July, Oct. PI. tw. § 2. Leaves 3-5-lobed. 4 P. NIL (Choisy, 1. c.) hairy ; leaves cordate, S-lobed : intermediate lobe dilated at the base, and not contracted ; peduncles 2-3-flowered, commonly exceeding the petioles ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, hispid at the base. Q. ^. H. Na- tive everywhere within the tropics, both in America, Africa, and Asia. Convolvulus Nil, Lin. spec. 219. Ipomoe'a Nil, Roth. cat. bot. 1. p. 36. Ipomce'a caerulea, Keen. mss. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 91. Ker. bot. reg. 276. Convolvulus hederaceus, Lin. spec. p. 219. Ipomce'a hepaticifolia, Hayne, herb. Conv. hederaceus, pilosus, and purpdreus, Herb. madr. Conv. Cala- dona, and Conv. Sucbedea, Ham. herb. Conv. hepaticifolius, Russ. herb. — There are several varieties of this species, particu- larly the following. Flowers blue. Gerarde says this plant is called by the Arabians Nil ; of Serapio Hab al Nil ; and in Syria, the inhabitants call it Hasmisen ; and the Italians Cam- pana azurea. Plant hairy. Var. /3. Ipomoea ccerule'scens (Roxb. fl. ind. edit. Wall. 2. p. 90.) This differs from the species, in the leaves being never lobed, and in the plant being perennial. Flowers of a beautiful lively pale blue. Var. y. Conv. Ccelestis (Forst. prod. no. 77.) The leaves of this variety are described as entire, downy. Q. ^. H. Native of the Island of Tarma, in the Pacific. Nil Pharbitis. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1597. PI. tw. CONVOLVULACEjE. X. PHARBITIS. XI. CALONYCTION. 263 5 P. HEDERA'CEA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 440.) leaves cordate, 3-5- lobed ; middle lobe ovate, acuminated, and coarctate at the base; peduncles very short, usually 1 -flowered, shorter than the petioles ; sepals lanceolate-linear, dilated at the base, and hispid from yellow bristles. Q. ^. H. Native of North America, and New Holland ; and of the province of Caraccas, near La Victoria ; also of Mexico, near Jalapa. Ip. hederacea, Lin. syst. 15. p. 207. Jacq. coll. 1. p. 124. icon. rar. t. 36. R. Br. prod. p. 485. Ker. bot. reg. t. 85.— Dill. elth. t.80. f. 91. ? Plant pilose. Corolla deep blue. Stem beset with retrograde hairs. Leaves clothed with strigose down. Ivy-like Pharbitis. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1729. PI. tw. 6 P. VA'RIA ; leaves cordate, entire, and 3-5-lobed ; pedun- cles erect, 1 -flowered ; sepals spreading at apex, bearded on the back, the 3 outer ones cordate-lanceolate ; root fusiform. 1£.? /^>. S. Native country unknown. Ipomoe'a varia, Roth, cat. 2. p. 17. Convolvuloides pilosus, Mo3nch meth. 452. Convolvulus pubescens, Willd. enum. 1. p. 203. Poir. suppl. 3. p. 463. Ipomoe'a tuberosa, Hortul. Stem beset with retro- grade white pili. Corolla bluish-violet, like those of P. barbata. rarious-leaved Pharbitis. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1816. PI. tw. 7 P. PU'RSHII ; hairy ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, acuminated : lateral lobes small : middle lobe large, dilated at the base; pedun- cles short, 1-2 -flowered; bracteas subulate; calyxes very villous, long, acuminated. Q. /"\ H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, near gardens, and in hedges on river si.ies. Conv. Nil, Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 139. Sims, bot. mag. t. 188, but not of Lin. Ipomce'a Nil, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 146. — Dill. elth. t. 80. f. 91. Flowers beautiful pale blue, only open early in the morning, from which it has been called Morning-glory. Pursh' s Pharbitis. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1597. PI. tw. 8 P. SCA'BRIDA ; leaves cordate, somewhat 5-lobed, and are as well as the stem, scabrous from hairs : peduncles usually 1-flowered; sepals beset with strigose hairs. ©• /">. H. Na- tive country unknown. Ipomoe'a scabrida, Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 223. Ipomce'a scabra, Schultes, obs. bot. p. 238. Said to be intermediate between Ipomce'a hederacea and Ipomcea triloba. Corolla white. Scabrous Pharbitis. PI. tw. 9 P. FORSKOI'LI ; leaves 5-lobed, scabrous on both surfaces, as well as the calyxes ; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered. 0. ^. H. Native of Arabia, at Hadie. Ipomce'a scabra, Forsk. aegypt. p. 44. Flowers blue. Bracteas linear. Stigma capi- tate. Said to be nearly allied to P. hederacea. Forskoel's Pharbitis. PI. tw. 10 P. CUSPIDA'TA ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes cuspi- date; peduncles 1-flowered; sepals linear, very hairy at the base. Q. *"*. H. Native of Peru, in stony places. Ipomoe'a cuspidata, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 13. t. 119. f. a. Poir. diet. 6. p. 20. Conv. Peruvianus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 593. Leaves on long petioles. Lateral lobes of leaves short. Pedun- cles shorter than the petioles. Bracteas subulate. Corolla funnel-shaped, purplish ; limb spreading, nearly entire. Stamens exserted. Stigma 3-lobed. Cuspidate-leaved Pharbitis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1732. PI. tw. 11 P. BARBA'TA; leaves cordate, 3-lobed; peduncles 1-flow- ered, twisted ; calyx bearded ; sepals and bracteas revolutely spreading at the apex. ©. ^. H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, from whence the seeds were sent to Dillenius. Ipo- mce'a barbata, Roth. cat. 1. p. 27. Pers. ench. 1. p. 184. Ipomre'a hederacea, Ker. bot. reg. t. 85, but not of Lin. — Dill, elth. t. 80. f. 92. Calyx beset with elevated warts. Capsule 3-celled, cells 2-seeded. Z?ertroHec?-calyxed Pharbitis. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. ? PI. tw. Cult. Pharbitis is a genus of very showy, tender, annual, twining plants. They should be reared in a hot-bed ; and when the plants are of sufficient size, they should be planted into other pots, and afterwards shifted from size to size of pots as they grow ; and some of them may be tried in the open ground, in a warm sheltered situation. A light, rich soil, or a mixture of loam and decayed leaves suits them best. XI. CALONY'CTION (from taXoe, kalot, beautiful; and vv£, nyx, night ; the flowers are large and showy, and expand at night.) Choisy in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 441. Convol- vulus and Ipomoe'a species of authors. — Bona nox, Rafin. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Afonogynia. Sepals 5. Corolla very showy, funnel-shaped. Stamens exserted. Style one ; stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Ovarium 2-celled, or somewhat 4-celled, from the rudiment of a dissepiment, 4-ovulate. Pedicels fleshy. —Twining showy herbs, bearing flowers resembling those of Datura. Peduncles axillary, usually 1-flowered. 1 C. SPECIOSUM (Choisy, 1. c.) ; sepals unequal, awned. . S. Native of the East Indies. Ipomoa'a grandiflora, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 87. but not of Lin. Ipomoa'a longiflora, Wild. enum. 1. p. 207. Munda- valli, Rheed. mal. 11. p. 103. t. 50. Asiat. res. 4. p. 257. 264 CONVOLVULACE^E. XI. CALONYCTION. XII. EXOGONIUM. Conv. muricatus, Ham. herb. Stem hardly prickly. Peduncles clavate, 2-4-flowered. Flowers very large, pure white, the border being from 4-6 inches in diameter, delightfully but faintly fragrant, opening at sun-set and drooping at day-light ; tube very long, cylindrical. Roxburgh's Calonyction. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1799. 3 C. MURICA'TUM ; sepals equal, long, acuminated ; leaves cor- date, acuminated, entire. 0. />. S. Native of Persia and the East Indies. Ipomoe'a muricata, Jacq. schcenbr. 3. p. 40. t. 323. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 89. Convolvulus muricatus, Lin. mant. p. 44. Willd. enum. 1. p. 204. Ipomce'a turbinata, Lagasc. gen. et spec. nov. diagn. p. 10. no. 139. C. speciosum, var. /3. mu- ricatum, Choisy, 1. c.) I. bona-nox. /3. purpurascens, Ker. bot. rep. 290. Stem and peduncles muricated from prickles. Flowers large, pale bluish-purple ; lobes mucronate, tube widening a little towards the mouth, hairy inside, ex Roxb. Peduncles 2-6-flowered. Muricated Calonyction. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1777. PI. tw. 4 C. PSUUDOMURICA'TUM (Bernh. hort. elfort, ex Link. enum. 1. p. 200. under Ipomce^a) stem muricated; leaves cordate, acuminated, glabrous, 7-nerved ; peduncles shorter than the pe- tioles ; sepals acuminated. Fj . r>. S. Native country unknown. Corolla purple. Very like C. muricalum, but smaller, and the leaves are 7-nerved instead of 9-nerved. False-muricated Calonyction. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1820. Shrub tw. 5 C. A'SPERUM (Choisy, 1. c. p. 442.) sepals unequal, short- acuminated. $ . /"\ S. Native of Silhet. Convolvulus asper, Wall. cat. no. 1388. Stem beset with reiroflexed, spiny tubercles, particularly on the older branches. Leaves cordate, acuminated ; hind lobes sometimes roundish-obtuse, and sometimes angularly toothed. Peduncles 1 -flowered. Sepals adpressed to the base of the calyx. Corolla tubularly funnel-shaped, 3-6 inches long. Capsule glabrous, size of a cherry. Seeds angular, downy, especially on the angles. .Rough-stemmed Calonyction. PI. tw. 6 C. TRICHOSPE'RMUM (Choisy, 1. c.) sepals unequal, obtuse. I/.? /"\ S. Native oi Java. Ipomce'a trichosperma, Blum, bijdr. p. 710. Stem quite glabrous. Leaves hastately 3-5- lobed ; middle lobe elliptic-oblong, attenuated at both ends, very acute at apex ; lateral ones acute at apex, and cuneated at the base, as also bifid, quite glabrous. Peduncles 1 -flowered. Sepals ovate ; inner ones rarely mucronate at apex. Corolla tubular, much longer than the calyx, white. ? Hairy-seeded Calonyction. PI. tw. 7 C. GRANDiFLoauM (Choisy, 1. c.) sepals equal, acute. I/ . ^. S. Native of the West Indies. Convolvulus grandiflo- rus, Lin. suppl. p. 136. Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 543. And. bot. rep. t. 403. Convolvulus latiflorus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 561. Ipomce'a latiflora, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 240. — Plum. cat. 1. mss. vol. 2. p. 52. — Tourn. p. 83. Leaves large, glabrous, cordate, acuminated. Corolla snow-white, with a long, cylindrical, greenish tube ; limb 5 inches in dia- meter, expanding at night, and fading at day-light. According to Rcem. et Schultes, 1. c. the 2 outer sepals are longer, and acute, and the 3 inner obtuse. Great-flowered Calonyction. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. ? PI. tw. 8 C. PTE'RIPES ; glabrous ; peduncles winged, 2-flowered ; pedicels clavate, divaricate ; sepals large, elliptic-oblong, ob- tuse. $ . ? *"\ S. Native of Huayaquil. Leaves cordate, acuminated : auricles rounded. Peduncles longer than the leaves. Corolla downy, (v. s. in herb. Ruiz, et Pav,) Winged-peduncled Calonyction. PI. tw. 9 C. CLAVA'TUM ; sepals wide, mucronate, nearly equal, mem- branous; stem and petioles pilose; leaves glabrous. $ . ? '"'. S. Native of Huayaquil. Convolvulus clavatus, Ruiz, et Pav. mss. in herb. Lamb. Leaves cordate, glaucous beneath, acumi- nated : auricles rounded. Corolla blue, like those of a species of Datura, with narrow segments. Clavate Calonyction. PI. tw. 10 C. JACQUI NII ; sepals unequal, obtuse; leaves cordate, acute. ^ . r^. S. Native of Martinico, on the banks of rivers. Convolvulus grandiflorus, Jacq. vind. 3. p. 39. t. 69. Plant glabrous. Leaves large, cordate. Peduncles axillary, 1 -flow- ered. Corolla pure white ; tube widening to the top. Seeds brown, rather woolly. Jacquin's Calonyction. Shrub tw. Cult. The species of Calonyction are among the largest flowering convolvulaceous plants. A light rich soil is the best for them, or a mixture of loam, peat, and sand. They should be reared on a hot-bed, and when of sufficient size they should be planted in separate pots, and shifted from size to size as they grow. They succeed best when trained up trellis-work, or rafters in stoves. XII. EXOGO'NIUM (from tfo, exo, outwardly ; and ywvia, gonia, an angle ; in reference to the exserted stamens.) Choisy in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 443. but not of Mocino and Sesse, — Convolvulus and Ipomrc'a species of authors. LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Corolla middle-sized, tubular. Stamens exserted. Style one ; stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Ovarium 2- celled ; cells 2-ovulate. — Climbing plants, natives of America. 1 E. BRACTEA'TUM (Choisy, 1. c.) glabrous ; leaves cordate ; racemes elongated, many-flowered ; flowers bracteate ; bracteas large, cordately reniform, coloured. fj . *"\ S. Native of New Spain, near La Venta de Acaguisotla, at the altitude of 504 hexapods. Ipomce'a bracteata, Cav. icon. 5. p. 51. t. 477. Ipomo2xa spicata, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 112. Conv. obovallatus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 595. Ipomccva cincta, Willd. Branches angular, white, glabrous. Flowers pedicellate, distinct, reflexed. Corollas tubularly funnel-shaped, glabrous, yellowish outside and purplish-red inside ; the limb in the plant described by Cav. is entire and reflexed, but in the plant described by Kunth, the limb is plicately 5-cleft, and the segments mucronate. Seeds oblong, black, downy. Bracteaie-ftowered Exogonium. Shrub, tw. 2 E. FILIFORME (Choisy, 1. c.) leaves oblong-cordate, obtuse, mucronate ; peduncles racemose, filiform. Ij . /~>. S. Native of Martinico and the Antilles, in woods. Ipomce'a filiformis, Jacq. amer. p. 27. t. 19. pict. p. 20. t. 26. Willd. spec. 1. p. 883. Convolvulus filiformis, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 555. Plant quite glabrous. Racemes loose-flowered. Flowers purple, copious. Calyx small, acute. Corolla with a very long tube, and obtuse segments. Filaments 5, exceeding the corolla, alter- nating with 5 sterile ones, which are much shorter. Filiform Exogonium. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1823. Sh. tw. 3 E. REPA'NDUM (Choisy, 1. c.) leaves cordate, oblong, repand, acuminated ; peduncles branched, cymose. I; . /">. S. Native of South America and Martinico. Ipomce'a repanda, Jacq. . amer. 28. t. 20. pict. t. 27. Sal. par. t. 81. Convolvulus re- pandus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 555. Plant quite glabrous. Stem terete. Lower leaves sometimes 3-lobed, all glaucous be- neath. Peduncles length of leaves ; partial ones often trichoto- mous. Flowers scarlet, 2 inches long. Calyx the same colour as the corolla, small, obtuse. Limb of corolla reflexed; seg- ment narrow, obtuse. Repand- leaved Exogonium. Fl. Feb. Nov. Clt. 1793. Shrub, tw. Cult. All the species of this genus are elegant and singular. Light rich soil, or a mixture of loam and peat, or decayed leaves and loam suits them best. They are well adapted for CONVOLVULACE/E. XIII. LEPISTEMON. XIV. IPOMOZA. 265 training up trellis-work, or pillars in stoves. Young cuttings strike root readily under a hand-glass, in heat. XIII. LEPISTFMON (from XtTr.c, lepis, a scale ; and OTTjfiwv, stemon, a stamen ; in reference to the stamens being furnished with 5 scales ; that is, one to each, which are arched over the ovarium.) Blum, bijdr. p. 722. Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 443. — Convolvulus species of authors. LIN. SYST. Pentandria, Afonogynia. Calyx of 5 equal sepals. Corolla tubular, inflated at the base. Stamens 5, furnished each with a scale at the base, which is arched over the ovarium. Style one. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. Fruit capsular. — Climbing perennial herbaceous plants. 1 L. WALLICHII (Choisy, 1. c.) stem hairy ; leaves cordate, acuminated : upper ones somewhat 3-lobed ; peduncles very short, umbellately many-flowered ; sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute. I/ . *"*. S. Native of Silhet. Convolvulus ampulla- ceus, Vahl. mss. in herb. Juss. Conv. hispidus ? Valil. symb. 3. p. 29. Conv. binectariferus, Wall. in. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 47. Conv. cephalanthus, Wall. cat. no. 1402. Leaves beset with adpressed hairs, pale beneath, 3-5 inches long, and nearly as much broad. Stem and petioles beset with spreading hairs. Sepals hairy outside. Corolla glabrous. Flowers rather small, pure white, 18 lines long, and the scales of the stamens acute and villous. ff'allich't Lepistemon. PL tw. 2 L. FLAVE'SCENS (Blum, bijdr. p. 722.) plant pilose ; leaves cordate-ovate, quite entire, or 3-lobed ; cymes pedunculate, ax- illary, dense-flowered, shorter than the petioles. If. . r*. S. Native of Java, among bushes on the mountains. Perhaps the •same as the preceding species. Yellowish Lepistemon. PL tw. Cult. For culture and propagation see Exngonium above. XIV. IPOMCffA (from u// uroc, ips ipos, hind-weed; and ofiotof, omoiot, similar ; the genus is nearly allied to Convolvulus, or bind-weed.) Choisy in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 444. — Convolvulus and Ipomoe'a species of authors. Lix. SYST. Pentandria, Afonogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Corolla campanulate. Stamens inclosed. Style one ; stigma 2-lobed : lobes capitate. Ovarium 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Capsule 2-celled ; cells 2-seeded. — Twining or creeping plants, usually natives within the tropics in both hemispheres. SECT. I. ERPIPOMCE'A (from tpiria, erpo, to creep, and Ipo- mcea; the plants contained in this section creep along the ground.) Choisy, 1. c. Stems creeping. 1 I. RE'PTAKS (Poir. diet, suppl. 3. p. 460.) stems smooth, striately furrowed, rooting below ; leaves sa^ittately-lanceolate : auricles acutish, sometimes entire and sometimes toothed ; pe- tioles glabrous; peduncles 1-5 -flowered ; sepals ovate, acutish, or obtuse. T£. S. Native of China; East Indies; Arabia, and Senegal. Convolvulus reptans, Lin. syst. veg. 171. spec. 225. Osb. itin. p. 196. Ipomoea reptans, /3. aquatica, Poir. diet. 6. p. 18. Ipomoaa repens. Roth. nov. spec. p. 110. Convolvulus repens, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 17. Willd. spec. 1. p. 874. but not of Lin. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 68.— Rumph. amb. 5. p. 419. t. 155. f. 1.— Rheed. mal. 11. p. 107. t. 53. IponWa sepiaria, Russ. herb. Conv. repens, Ham. herb. Conv. palus- tris, Ham. herb. Ipomce' a aquatica, Forsk. descr. p. 44. There are varieties having from 1 to many-flowered peduncles ; the sepals acute or obtuse ; it is, therefore, not separated from Ipo- VOL. IV. mce'a aquatica, Forsk. (Conv. Adansonii, Desr.) but not of Blume. Creeping Ipomcea. FL May, June. Clt. 1806. PL creeping. 2 I. ACETOS^FOLIA (Vahl. eclog. 1. p. 18.) glabrous; stems angular, creeping ; leaves oblong-lanceolate and hastate ; pedun- cles elongated, 1 -flowered ; sepals oblong, glabrous; bracteas alternate, subulate. 1£. S. Native of tropical America, by the sea-side. Willd. spec. 1. p. 874. Conv. repens, Swartz. obs. p. 64. but not of Roth. — Plum. amer. 91. t. 105. Leaves 2 inches long, and a nail broad, obtuse, sometimes emarginate. Flowers white. Sorrel-leaved Ipomcea. PL creeping. 3 I. PE'S-CA' PR* (Sweet, hort. brit. 289.) leaves roundish, emarginate, or 2-lobed, veiny, thickish ; peduncles 1 , or many- flowered ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, obtuse. Tj. . S. Native of India ; China ; New Holland ; Arabia ; Island of Bourbon ; Sandwich Islands ; and South America, in the sand, by the sea-side. Convolvulus pes-caprae, Lin. spec. 226. Wall, fl. ind. 2. p. 74. Conv. Brasiliensis, Lin. spec. 226. Willd. spec. 1. p. 877. Conv. maritimus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 550. Conv. bilobatus, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 73. Conv. bauhi- niaefolius, Sal. prod. 125. Ipomre'a maritima, R. Br. prod. 486. Ker, hot. reg. 319. Ipomoe'a orbicularis, Ell. sketch. 257. Ipomoa'a Brasiliensis, Meyer, ess. 97. Ipomce' a biloba, Forsk, aegypt. p. 44. Vittm. summ. 1. p. 44-0. — Rheed. mal. 11. p. 117. t. 57. — Herm. lugdb. 174. t. 175. — Rumph. amb. 5. p. 433. t. 159. f. 1. Leaves biglandular at the base, more or less 2-lobed. Peduncles 1-6-flowered. Flowers large, reddish- purple. Seeds downy. GoG**/bo<-leaved Ipomoea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1770. PL creeping. 4 I. ROTUNDIFOLIA ; glabrous ; leaves roundish, retuse, mu- cronate ; petioles shorter than the leaves ; peduncles twice longer than the petioles, bifid, many-flowered. 1}. . S. Native of Guinea, in the sea-sand. Conv. rotund ifblius, Schum. pi. guin. p. 102. Root woody, creeping. Stems trailing, rooting, purplish. Petioles purplish, biglandular at top. Sepals ovate, obtuse, mucronate : outer ones rather wrinkled : inner ones twice the size, and somewhat diaphanous. Corolla campanu- lately funnel-shaped, purple ; limb flat, obsoletely 5-lobed. Filaments downy at the base. Seeds hairy. Allied to /. pet- capree. Round-leaved Ipomcea. PL creeping. 5 I. LITTORA'LIS (Blum, bijdr. p. 713.) stems creeping; leaves roundish-cordate, emarginate, with a mucrone, a little angled, ciliated on the edges; peduncles 1 -flowered; sepals cuspidate : outer ones shorter, erectly spreading. If.. S. Na- tive of Java and Nusakambanga, in the sand by the sea-shore. Corollas lilac, with a purplish bottom. Sea-shore Ipomo2a. PL creeping. 6 I. RIPA' RIA ; downy ; stems prostrate, radicant ; leaves cordate, acute, on long petioles ; umbels pedunculate, 4-5-flow- ered; calyx pilose. 1£. S. Native of Guinea, on the banks of rivers. Corollas red. River-side Ipomcea. PL creeping. 7 I. CRASSIFOLIA (Cav. descrip. p. 100. Pers. ench. 1. p. 184.) stem decumbent, branched; leaves reniform, emarginate, somewhat plicate ; peduncles axillary, usually S-flowered, shorter than the petioles; 2 outer sepals fleshy, and shorter than the 3 inner. "If. . S. Native of Guayaquil. Nearly allied to /. pes- caprce. Nerves of leaves white. Petioles biglandular at the base. Corollas white. Thick-leaved Ipomcea. PL creeping. 8 I. CARNOSA (R. Br. prod. p. 485.) plant prostrate, glabrous; M M 266 CONVOLVULACE^:. XIV. IPOMCEA. leaves cordate, emarginate, fleshy, glandless, hardly an inch long; peduncles 1-2-flowered; sepals equal. 1$.. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Convolvulus carnosus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 609. Flowers red. ? Fleshy-\eave<\ Ipomcea. PI. prostrate. 9 I. INCISA (R. Br. prod. p. 486.) plant prostrate, rather villous ; leaves subcordate, dentately cut : upper ones hastate ; peduncles 1-flowered, glabrous, longer than the leaves ; sepals equal, lanceolate, acuminated. 1(1. S. Native of New Hol- land, within the tropic, by the sea-side. Conv. incisus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 609. Cttt-leaved Ipomcea. PI. prostrate. 10 I. CINERA'SCENS (R. Br. prod. p. 486.) plant creeping, tomentose ; leaves nearly cordate, ovate-oblong, cut, rather silky ; peduncles 1-2-flowered, villous, longer than the leaves ; sepals glabrous, equal, oblong-lanceolate, acute. %. S. Na- tive of New Holland, within the tropic. Conv. cinerascens, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 609. Greyish Ipomcea. PI. creeping. 111. RUGOSA (Choisy in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 446.) stems creeping ; leaves cordately reniform, glabrous, obtuse, mucro- nulate ; peduncles usually not equalling the leaves in length ; sepals ovate : outer ones shortest, and rugosely plicate. 1£. S. Native of Mysore and Malabar. Convolvulus rugosus, Rottl. in Willd. am. act. berol. 4. p. 196. Rcem. et Schultes, 4. p. 273. 303. and 790. Convol. flagelliformis, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 68. Conv. Beladambu, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 608. Ipomcea repens, Lam. ill. no. 2134. Poir. diet. 6. p. 18. Ipomce'a Beladamboe, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 233. Conv. mu- ricatus, Russ. herb. Beladamboe, Rheed mal. 11. p. 119. t. 58. Stems compressedly angular. Peduncles 3-8-flowered. Seeds black, glabrous. Flowers large, pure white. Wrinkled Ipomcea. PI. creeping. 12 I. RENIFORMIS (Choisy, I.e.) creeping, glabrous; leaves reniform, with sinuately-toothed edges, emarginate ; pedicels very short, 1-flowered, rarely 2-3-flowered ; sepals small, ovate- roundish, ciliately jagged. 1J. . S. Native of the East Indies ; as of Bengal, Nopalry, Coromandel, and Island of Timor. Con- volvulus reniformis, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 67. Conv. Gang6ticus, Lin. amcen. acad. 4. p. 306. no. 121. Evolvulus emarginatus, Burm. fl. ind. 77. t. 30. f. 1. Evolvulus Gangeticus, Lin. spec. p. 391. Stem angular at top. Leaves 3-6 lines long. Corolla small, 5-cleft, yellow ; lobes acute. Seeds glabrous, reddish. — In some soils this species is found of a dark purple or rusty colour. Kidney-shaped leaved Ipomcea. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1823. PI. creeping. 13 I. RCMiciFOLiA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 447.) stems diffuse, hairy; leaves cordately reniform, obtuse at top, also emarginate, gla- brous, with entire edges ; peduncles axillary, solitary, twin or tern, 1-2-flowered ; sepals linear-lanceolate, hairy. (•)• S. Native of Travancore. Convolvulus hirtus, Wall. cat. no. 2254. and probably of Lin. Stem diffusely creeping, beset with retro- grade hairs, which rise from black glands. Leaves an inch long. Corolla tubular, exceeding the calyx, glabrous. Dock-leaved Ipomcea. PI. creeping. 14 I. INCU'RVA ; creeping; stems erect, sarmentose ; leaves broad, linear, emarginate, mucronate, subhastate : lobes linear, acute, curved in front ; peduncles 1-flowered ; sepals nearly equal, lanceolate. "4 . S. Native of Guinea. Conv. incurvus, Schum. pi. guin. p. 99. Stem nearly a span high, with filiform creepers. Corolla white, larger than those of C. arvensis ; with a dark purple bottom, and a usually mucronate 5-cleft limb; lobes roundish. Capsule ovate-roundish, 4-valved, usually 1 -seeded. Said to be related to /. emarginata, and /. acetoccefblia. Incurved-\ea.ved Ipomce a. PI. creeping. SECT. II. ORTHIPOMCEA (from opfloc, orthos, straight; and Ipomce^a ; in reference to the species contained in this section being erect or diffuse, but never twining.) * Plants herbaceous. 15 I. TRIDENTA'TA (Roth. cat. 2. p. 19. Rcem. arch. 3. p. 38.) stems diffuse, filiform ; leaves sessile, oblong-linear, trun- cate at apex, and often tridentate, but auriculately toothed at the base ; peduncles 1-flowered, exceeding the leaves ; sepals ovate, awned. Q. S. Native of the East Indies; at Paga- mew, Irrawaddi, Ceylon, &c. Convolvulus tridentatus, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 157. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 56. Conv. viscidus, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 14. Evolvulus tridentatus, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 392. Burin, ind. 77. t. 16. f. 3. Conv. I'ndicus, &c. Plukn. aim. 117. t. 276. f. 5. Conv. minor, &c. Plukn. mant. 117. t. 167. f. 5. Sendera-Claudi, Rheed. mal. 11. p. 133. t. 65. Stem herbaceous, angular. Leaves hardly 3-4 lines broad, and an inch long, quite glabrous. Peduncles downy. Calyx whitish-yellow. Corollas small, yellow. Tridentate-\eaved Ipomcea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1778. PI. diffuse. 16 I. FILICAU'LIS (Blum, bijdr. p. 721.) stems diffuse, fili- form ; leaves linear, or linear-lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate, on short petioles, somewhat hastately denticulated at the base ; peduncles 1-2-flowered, length of the leaves ; sepals equal, ovate, or oblong, acuminated, acute. Q. S. Native of the East Indies ; as of Travancore, Ceylon, Penang, Rangoon, banks of the Irawaddi, &c. ; also of China, Japan, New Holland, Java, Timor; Africa, at the Cape of Good Hope, and in Guinea; and of America, in various parts. Convolvulus filicauiis, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 24. Schum. pi. guin. p. 92. Conv. hastatus, Desr. in Lam. diet 3. p. 542. Conv. simplex, Pers. ench. 1. p. 178. Conv. medium, Lour. coch. p. 106. edit. Willd. 1. p. 130. Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 328. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 56. but not of Lin. Conv. filiformis, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 16. Conv. denti- culatus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 540. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 603. Conv. angustifblius, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p 547. Vahl. symb. 3. p. 25. Conv. Japonicus, Thunb. jap. p. 85. ? Vahl. symb. 3. p. 25. Ipomce' a denticulata, R. Br. prod. 1. p. 485. Ker. bot. reg. 317. I. angustifolia, Jacq. coll. 2. p. 367. icon. rar. t. 317. I. Japonica, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 245.? Pers. ench. 1. p. 184. Tala-Neli, Rheed. mal. 11. p. 113. t. 55. Conv. linifolius, Wall. cat. no. 1389. Stem branched, angular. Leaves sometimes 2-3 lines broad, sometimes very narrow; hind lobes generally toothed. Pedicels clavate. Corolla pale yellow, or yellow. Seeds glabrous. Var. /3, (Schum. pi. guin. p. 92.) leaves narrow-linear ; teeth of auricles subsetaceous. Q. S. Native of Guinea. Thread-stemmed Ipomcea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1778. PI. 1 foot, diffuse. 17 I. CLAPPERTONI (R. Br. in Denh. append, p. 35.) gla- brous, creeping ; leaves sagittate, having the hind lobes entire, and acute; peduncles 1-flowered. If.. F. Native of Bornou. Clapperloris Ipomcea. PI. creeping. 18 I. BIDENTA TA ; glabrous, erectish ; leaves linear- hastate, sessile, having the hind lobes bidentate ; peduncles 1-flowered ; stem furrowed. "If.. S. Native of Guinea, in fields ; common among grass. Stem furrowed. Flowers small, yellow. Nearly allied to I. filicauiis, and probably only a variety of it. Bidentate-\eaved. Ipomcea. PI. \ foot, nearly erect. 19 I. ATURE'NSIS; branched, glabrous, twiggy ; leaves scale- formed ; peduncles 2-flowered, spicate ; sepals lanceolate, ob- CONVOLVULACE.E. XIV. IPOMO-A. 267 long, acuminated : the 2 outer ones rather the smallest. Tl . S. Native on the sandy banks of the Orinoco, near the cataract of Ature. Convolvulus Aturensis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 96. Stem dichotomou>ly branched ; branches terete. Corolla white, glabrous, 3 times longer than the calyx. Capsule globose, covered by the calyx, size of a pea. Ature Ipomoea. Fl. March. PI. ll foot. 20 I. CAPILLA'CEA ; stems nearly simple, erect ; leaves ses- sile, many-parted ; segments capillary, glabrous ; flowers axil- lary, solitary, pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; calyx smoothish ; sepals ovate, acute, concave, rugose on the back, unequal. I/ . S. Native of New Granada, in the temperate regions, betwixt Villa San Miguel and the river Putes, at the altitude of 800 hexapods. Convolvulus capillaceus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 97. Root tuberous, milky, turnip- formed. Plant smoothish. Corollas funnel-shaped, purple, glabrous. Perhaps a species of Leptocdllis. Capillary-leaved Ipomoea. PI. 1 foot. 21 I. BIFLORA (R. Br. prod. p. 487.) tomentose ; stem flexuous at the apex ; leaves lanceolate, acute, quite entire, obtuse at the base ; peduncles usually 2-flowered ; sepals ovate, acuminated. If. . ? S. Native of New Holland, within, the tropic, on the sea shore. I. diantha, Kcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 254. Conv. flexuosus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 612. Ticojlorrered Ipomoea. PI. erect. 22 I. ERE'CTA (R. Br. 1. c.) tomentose, erect ; leaves oblong- linear, obtuse, quite entire ; peduncles usually 1- flowered ; sepals acute ; capsule 6-valved. I/ . S. Native of New Hol- land, within the tropic, on the sea shore. Conv. erectus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 612. Erect Ipomoea. PI. erect. 23 I. HETEROPHY'LLA (R. Br. 1. c.) plant annual, ascending, smoothish ; leaves oblong, semihastate, entire, obtuse, some- times pinnatifid at the base, and toothed at top; peduncles 1-flowered, very short; sepals equal, lanceolate, acuminated. Q. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic, on the sea shore. Ipomoe'a polymorpha, Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. •254. Convolvulus Brownii, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 612. Variable-leaded Ipomoea. PI. ascending. 24 I. COXFE'RTA ; stems prostrate, diffuse ; leaves cordate- sagittate, lanceolate, entire, acute ; petioles scabrous ; flowers nearly sessile, axillary, crowded; calyx hairy. Q. S. Native of Guinea, common in fields. Corollas white. Crowded-flowered Ipomoea. PI. prostrate. 25 I. HU'MILIS ; roots creeping ; stem 3 inches high ; leaves linear-lanceolate, or lanceolate, obtuse, thick, entire, glabrous, petiolate ; peduncles terminal and axillary, elongated, 1-flow- ered. I/ . S. Native of Sierra Leone, and along die coast of Guinea, on the sea shore. Corollas large, pale red. Habit of Calystegia soldanella. Humble Ipomoaa. PI. | foot. 26 I. OVALIFOLIA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 449.) stem erect or pros- trate, suffruticose ; leaves oval-oblong, acute at the base, obtuse at the apex, and emarginate, on short petioles ; pedun- cles 3-7-flowered ; sepals unequal. 1? . S. Native of the East Indies and Sandwich Islands. Convolvulus ovalifolius, Vahl, eclog. 2. p. 16. Hook, et Am. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 90. Ip. microphylla, Roth. nov. spec. p. 112. Conv. parvifo- lius, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 611.? Stems terete. Leaves an inch long, and 5 lines broad. Peduncles twice as long as the petioles. The 3 exterior sepals ovate, bluntish : the 2 interior smaller, linear, acute. Corolla glabrous. Far. a ; glabra (Choisy, 1. c.) stem, leaves, calyxes, and pe- duncles, quite glabrous. Var. ft, pubescent (Choisy, 1. c.) all parts of the plant are ciliated with long hairs. ^ . S. Native of the Sandwich Islands, Guinea, and Angola. Var. y, tomentosa (Choisy, 1. c.) every part of the plant is of a yellow colour, from intricate, simple, adpressed hairs. Jj . S. Native of the Sandwich Islands, Guinea, and Angola. Oval-leaced Ipomoea. Shrub erect. * * Shrubby or arboreous plants. 27 I. ARBORE'SCEKS ; arboreous ; leaves ovate-cordate, acute, clothed with hoary tomentum on both surfaces ; peduncles many- flowered ; calvx clothed with white wool outside ; sepals oblong, obtuse, concave, unequal : outer ones the broadest ; seeds woolly on the angles. ^ . S. Native of Mexico, on the western declivities of the mountains betnixt Acaguisotla and Chilpan- cingo, at the altitude of 600 hexapods, where it is called Guau- saguate. Convolvulus arborescens, Willd. enum. 1. p. 204. Lactescent. Pedicels tomentose. Corolla glabrous, white, purple inside at the throat. Arborescent Ipomoea. Tree large. 28 I. MACRA'NTHA ; arboreous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, rounded at the base, glabrous ; flowers axillary, solitary, pedunculate ; calyx clothed with white wool ; sepals unequal, oblong, rounded at apex, concave : outer ones broadest. I;. S. Native of Mexico, near Guanaxuato and Santa Rosa, at the altitude of 1100 feet. Convolvulus macranthus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 95. Branches angular, clothed with white tomentum while young, as well as the peduncles. Corolla white, woolly outside. Large-Jlomered Ipomcea. Tree. 29 I. SERPYLLIFOLIA; shrubby; leaves ovate-elliptic, rounded at the apex, rather downy ; axillary peduncles 1-flowered : ter- minal ones 2-flowered, exceeding the leaves ; calyx smoothish ; sepals ovate, acuminately-mucronate. rather concave, nearly equal, with incumbent edges. fj . S. Native of New Spain, in temperate places, near Moran and Regla, at an altitude of 1250 hexapods. Convolvulus serpyllifolius, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 95. Bark corky. Stems tufted, procumbent, slender, nearly terete, glabrous ; branchlets downy. Leaves S lines long. Flowers white, about the size of those of Conral- laria majaiis, glabrous. Habit of Ecolrulus nummulariu*. IFUd Thyme-leaved Ipomcea. Shrub procumbent. 30 I. RUDERA'RIA ; shrubby ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, re- tuse at the apex, and mucronate, downy ; peduncles axillary, usually 3-flowered, twice shorter than the leaves ; calyx gla- brous ; sepals roundish, acute : the 2 outer ones rather the shortest, fj . S. Native of Cuba, among rubbish, near Ha- vannah. Convolvulus ruderarius, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 96. Shrub prostrate ; branches terete, downy when young. Leaves 8-9 lines long. Flowers a little larger than those 01 /. serpyllifblia. Corolla 3 times longer than the calyx. Rubbish Ipomoea. Shrub prostrate. 31 I. FLORIBU'NDA ; shrubby, clothed with hoary tomentum ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminately-mucronate, cordate; corymbs axillary, pedunculate, shorter than the leaves; calyx clothed with woolly tomentum ; sepals oblong, bluntish, concave : the 3 outer ones the largest. I? . S. Native on the banks of the river Amazon, on hills near Tomependa. Convolvulus floribun- dus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 96. t. 210. Shrub much branched ; branches terete. Leaves on long petioles, 2 inches long. Corolla 4- times longer than the calyx, obsoletely 5-lobed, glabrous, blue, size of those of Fdlkia repent. Bundle-fomered Ipomcea. Shrub 3-4 feet. 32 I. STA'NS (Cav. icon. 3. p. 26. t. 250.) suffruticose ; leaves M m 2 268 CONVOLVULACE.E. XIV. IPOMGEA. ovate, or oblong-lanceolate, sinuately-toothed, stnootbish ; flowers axillary, solitary, pedunculate, longer than the leaves ; calyx glabrous, sepals unequal, linear, obtuse. \i . S. Native of Mexico, near Guanaxuato. Convolvulus stans, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 96. Conv. firmus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 613. Corolla campanulate, pale violet, with a whitish tube and rounded segments. Standing Ipomcea. Shrub erect. 33 I. PANNOSA (R. Br. 1. c.) tomentose, suffruticose, erectish ; leaves quite entire, oblong, bluntish, pannosely tomentose ; pe- duncles 1 -flowered; sepals acuminated: the 2 inner ones one half smaller than the outer ones. T? . S. Native of New Hol- land, within the tropic, on the sea shore. Convolvulus panno- sus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 612. C/oiA-leaved Ipomoea. Shrub erect. 34 L FILIFOLIUS (Hook, et Arn. in Beech, voy. pt. bot. p. 35. under Convolvulus) shrubby, much branched, diffuse ; leaves very narrow-linear, terete ; flowers axillary, solitary, on short peduncles ; corolla campanulate. fj . G. Native of Chili, at Coquimbo. Calyx 5-cleft ; with linear teeth on the segments. Corolla blue, an inch broad. Thread-leaved Ipomcea. Shrub diffuse. SECT. III. STROPHIPOMCE'A (from orpoQaui, slrophao, to turn or twist ; and Ipomce"a ; in reference to the twining stems of the species). Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 450. Stems twining. • § 1. Leaves entire, undivided, usually cordate. Capsules gene- rally large. Anthers usually twisted. * Stems angular or winged, 35 I. TDRPEVTHUM (R. Br. prod. p. 485.) stems angular, gla- brous, or a little downy ; leaves cordate-ovate, acuminated, some- times entire, sometimes angularly sinuated, or crenated; peduncles thick, 1-4-flowered, bracteate at apex ; outer sepals the largest, ovate-roundish. I/. /"\ S. Native of the East Indies, on the banks of the Hoogly and Ganges ; New Holland ; Timor ; Otaheite ; Friendly and Marianne Islands, &c. Ker. bot. reg. 279. Roth. nov. spec. p. 111. Convolvulus Turpethum, Lin. spec. p. 221. Blackw. t. 397. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2093. Wall, fl. ind. 2. p. 57. Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 297. Wight, ill. suppl. t. 88. Conv. Gaudichaudii and Riedlei, Choisy, mss. — Herm. lugdb. 177. t. 178. and 179. Conv. velutinus, Wall. cat. no. 1371. — Plenck. off. t. 105. Root thick, purgative. Leaves nearly glabrous or downy. Corolla campanulate, twice longer than the calyx, white, size of those of Calystegia septum. Capsule showy, size of a nut. The bark of the roots is • em- ployed by the natives of the East Indies as a purgative, which they use fresh rubbed up with milk. About 6 inches in length of the root they reckon a dose. Cattle do not eat the plant. The root being free from nauseous taste and smell, gives it a decided superiority over jalap, for which it might be substi- tuted. Turpethum is derived from its Arabic name Turbib. Turpethum Ipomcea. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1752. Plant twining. 36 I. A'NCEPS (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 231.) stem 4- winged ; leaves cordate-oblong, somewhat sagittate or ovate, mucronulate at apex ; peduncles 2-5-flowered, bracteate at apex ; sepals unequal : 2 outer ovate, villous outside : the 3 inner smaller, oblong. I/ . /"v. S. Native of Bengal, Ceylon, Java, &c. Convolvulus anceps, Lin. mant. p. 43. Vahl, symb. 3. p. 31. Peduncles and pedicels villous. Capsule large. Two-edged-stemmed Ipomoea. PI. tw. 37 I. TRI'QUETRA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 231.) stem downy, triquetrous ; leaves cordate, acute, rather villous ; pe- duncles 2-5-flowered, bracteate; outer sepals bractea- formed, ovate, acute, mucronate : inner ones shorter, and rounded at the apex. y.. °. S. Native of the Islands of Santa Cruz, St. Thomas, &c. Conv. triquetra, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 30. Willd. spec. 1. p. 858. Lateral pedicels 2-flowered, middle one 1- flowered. Bracteas ovate, coloured, downy. Triquetrous-stemmed Ipomcea. PI. tw. 38 HAMiLTbNii; stems a little winged ; leaves scattered, recurv- ed, petiolate, cordate-ovate, acuminated, veiny, concave ; pedun- cles usually 1-flowered, at first terete, afterwards 4-winged, and at length 5-angled ; bracteas sessile, lanceolate, acuminated, a little coloured, nearly opposite ; flowers large, yellow. T£ . *"\ S. Native of Tobago, near the town of Scarborough. Conv. alatus, Hamilt. prod. p. 24. This species is said to come nearest I. anceps, and Conv.flavus. Hamilton's Ipomcea. PI. tw. * * Stems terete. 39 I. CAMPANULA'TA (Lin. spec. 228. Lour, cocli. p. 112.) leaves cordate, acute ; peduncles many-flowered, spicately branched; sepals equal, ovate-orbicular, glabrous. If.. *"\ S. Native of the East Indies, Timor, Cochin-china, &c. Convol- vulus campanulatus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 608. Adamboe, Rheed. mal. 11. p. 115. t. 56. Stem reddish, glabrous, terete, densely branched, fistular. Leaves glabrous, reticulated with red-fea- thered nerves, 4-6 inches long, and 1-3 broad. Corolla large, yellow, ex Lour. Capsule large, globose, glabrous. Seeds clothed with silky villi. Campanulate-fiov/ered Ipomcea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1800. PI. tw. 40 I. SULPHU'REA ; glabrous ? ; leaves cordately-sagittate, entire ; peduncles 3-flowered, much longer than the petioles ; sepals glabrous, obtuse, adpressed ; filaments villous at the base ; anthers twisted into a spire. If. . *"*. S. Native of Mexico, on walls at St. Jose de Corral. Convolvulus sulphu- reus, La Lave, et Lexarza, nov. veg. mex. fasc. I . p. 17. Calyx yellowish. Corolla sulphur-coloured, campanulate, with a 5-plicate limb : each plica composed of 2 roundish crena- tures. Capsule round, velvety, black. jSu/p/iur-coloured-flowered Ipomcea. Fl. Feb. PL tw. 41 I. PETALoinEA (Choisy, in mern. soc. pliys. gen. 6. p. 451.) leaves sometimes saggittately-lanceolate, acute, with sinuated edges ; sometimes linear, and sometimes ovate ; sometimes ovate-lanceolate ; often hardly cordate ; sometimes obtuse at the apex, and mucronulate ; peduncles 1-4-flowered, bracteate, sometimes numerous, approximate, appearing like a 9- flowered peduncle ; sepals ovate-orbicular ; corolla 5-cleft. If.. r*. S. Native of the East Indies ; at Prome ; and Gorukpur ; as well as of Timor. Convolvulus crispatulus, Wall. cat. no. 1403. Conv. reticulatus, Ham. herb. Stems terete, glabrous, branched. Leaves reticulately veined, 2-3 inches long, glabrous. Corolla 3 times longer than the calyx, deeply divided, silky outside, red. — This is a very variable plant in the leaves. Capsule large, size of a nut. Petaloid Ipomcea. PI. tw. 42 I. BUFALINA (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 452.) leaves cordately sagittate, glabrous ; peduncles many-flowered ; corolla yellow, campanulate. It.^.S. Native of Cochinchina, in woods. Convolvulus bufalinus, Lour. coch. p. 109. ed. Willd. 1 p. 134. Stem woody, scandent, glabrous. Corolla large, campanulate. Capsule large, 2-celled, 2-seeded. Anthers filiform, spirally twisted. CONVOLVULACE2E. XIV. IPOMOSA. 269 Buffalo's Ipomoea. Shrub tw. 43 I. PELTA'TA (Choisy, 1. c. 6. p. 452.) leaves peltate ; pe- duncles long, many-flowered ; sepals ovate-elliptic, obtuse ; corolla yellow, campanulate. \j . rx. S. Native of Java, Am- boyna, Society Islands, and Bourbon. Convolvulus peltatus, Lin. spec. p. 221. Forst. prod. p. 78. Ipomoe'a nymphiaefblia, Blum, bijdr. p. 719. — Humph, amb. 5. p. 428. t. 157. Stem terete, black, glabrous. Leaves glabrous, 3-4 inches long, entire, furnished with rufous hairs in the axils of the petioles. Pedun- cles branched at the apex ; flowers spicate, on short pedicels. Corolla large, inflated. Anthers woolly. Stigma large. Cap- sule large. Peltate-leaved Ipomoea. Shrub tw. § 2. Leates cordate, entire. Capsules and sepals middle-sized. Flowers capitately aggregate. 44 I. PILEA'TA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 94.) leaves cordate, acumi- nated ; peduncles hardly equal in length to the petioles; flowers 3-6, sessile, in a boat-shaped, perfoliate, involucrum ; bracteas obovate, hairy ; sepals rather unequal. Q. ^\ S. Native of the East Indies, China, Src. Convolvulus pileatus, Roxb. ex Wall. cat. no. 1376. Spreng. syst. 4. p. 61. Ipomce'a peltata, Heyne, herb. Stems villous, slender. Leaves 1| inch long, often glabrous, but sometimes downy. Petioles and peduncles villous. Corolla rose-coloured, funnel-shaped. Seeds glabrous. Nearly allied to /. intolucrata. Cap Ipomoea. PI. tw. 45 I. IXVOLCCRA'TA (Beauv. fl. d. ow. 2. p. 52. t. 89.) plant downy ; leaves cordate, quite entire, acutish : hind lobes round- ed ; peduncles many-flowered : flowers surrounded by 2 large involucrum-formed perfoliate bracteas. (•)• ^- S. Native of Guinea, among bushes. Conv. involucratus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 600. Pedicels short, unequal. Corolla large, red. /Hro/wcraff-flowered Ipomoea. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1822. PI. tw. 46 I. PERFOLIA'TA ; leaves cordate, villously tomentose, having the hind lobes roundish and subacuminated ; flowers ca- pitate, involucrated by one perfoliate leaf; sepals downy : the 3 outer ones lanceolate, and the 2 inner ones setaceous at the apices. I/.? ©• ? ^- S. Native of Africa, at Aquapim. Conv. perfoliatus, Schum. pi. guin. p. 89. Stem filiform, pilose. Peduncles covered with retrograde villi. Corolla campanulate, plicate, red, with villous angles ; lobes of the limb emarginate. Stigmas villous. Perfoliate Ipomoea. PI. tw. 47 I. BUEVIFLORA (Meyer, prim, esseq. p. 100.) glabrous : leaves sagittately-cordate ; peduncles shorter than the petioles ; flowers subumbellate, involucrated ; outer sepals plicately wrinkled, mucronate. 0. *"\ S. Native about Essequibo, in humid plantations. Stems angular, scabrous from scattered rigid hairs. Corolla large, purple. Short-jlorrered Ipomoea. PL tw. 48 I. CAPITELLA'TA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 457.) stem pilose ; leaves cordate, acuminated, pilose ; peduncles equal in length to the petioles ; bracteas unequal, obtuse, ovate-linear ; flowers aggre- gate, umbellate ; sepals linear-lanceolate, very acute. O.'\S. Native of the East Indies, at Mungger, &c. Ipomoe'a tamni- folia, Burm. ind. p. 50. but not of Lin. Conv. capitellatus, Ham. herb, ex Wall. cat. no. 2250. Hairs on the stem glan- dular at the base. Peduncles hairy. Corolla violaceous, tubu- larly campanulate, villous outside. Seeds glabrous. Headed-Qovrered Ipomoea. PI. tw. 49 I. TRICHOCE'PHALA ; stem and peduncles pilose ; leaves cordate, acuminated, sometimes a little angular ; heads of flowers involucrated by bracteas, 2 of which are larger than the others ; flowers crowded, sessile ; calycine segments linear, acute, ciliated with long fuscous hairs. "%.. *"*. S. Native of Guayaquil, (c. *. in herb. Ruiz, et Pav.) Hairy-headed Ipomoea. PI. tw. 50 I. GCINEE'NSIS ; leaves cordate, acuminated, with a few scattered hairs above, but clothed with rusty hairs beneath on the veins ; petioles, peduncles, and calyx, hairy. If. . ? 0. ? *"\ S. Native of Guinea. Conv. Guineensis, Schum. pi. guin. p. 90. Stems herbaceous, pilose. Flowers crowded into heads, which are involucrated by leaves. Peduncles length of leaves. Corollas blue, size of those of Lysimachia, nummularia. Lobes of stigma thick, recurved. Capsule size of a pea. Seeds naked. Said to be allied to /. ciliatus. Perhaps a species of Jacquemontca. Guinea Ipomoea. PI. tw. 51 I. TAMSIFOLIA (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 885.) plant pilose; leaves cordate, acuminated ; peduncles axillary ; flowers aggre- gate, on the tops of the peduncles ; bracteas linear, hairy, invo- lucrating ; sepals linear, subulate. 0. ^\ S. Native of Caro- lina, in hedges ; and on the banks of the Mississippi. Pursh. fl. amer. 1. p. 146. Conv. tamnifolius, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 602. — Dill. elth. p. 428. t. 318. f. 410. Corollas small, tubular, blue ; segments of the limb roundish, spreading ; capsule glabrous. Tamnus-leared I porno?' a. Fl. July. Clt. 1 732. PI. tw. 52 I. ATROPURPU'REA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 457.) stem hispid : leaves cordate, acuminated, hispid, very acute, petiolate ; pedun- cles thick, hardly half an inch long; bracteas 9-12, unequal, lanceolate, acute ; flowers capitate ; sepals lanceolate, very acute, hairy. O- '""'• S. Native of Nipaul. Convolvulus atropurpureus, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 54. asiat. rar. 1. p. 38. t. 43. Ipomoe'a sphferocephala, D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 98. Hairs on the stem retrograde. Corolla oval, hispid before expan- sion, at length tubularly campanulate, 18 lines long, dark purple. Dark-purple-Aovfered Ipomoea. PI. tw. 53 I. SESSILIFLO'RA (Roth. nov. spec. p. 117. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 243 ) stem beset with retrograde bristles ; leaves cordate, ovate-lanceolate, or sagittate ; flowers axillary, sometimes only 1-3 together, but sometimes 4-12 together, almost sessile, or on very short pedicels ; sepals acuminately subulate; corollas small; capsule usually villous. ©• ^- S. Native of the East Indies, in several parts : as of Nipaul, Madras, Bengal, &c. ; Coromandel, Tranquebar ; and of the Cape Verd Islands. Convolvulus sessiliflorus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 599. Conv. hispidus, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 29. Conv. sphaero- cephalus, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 53. Conv. tamnifolius, Klein, in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 301. Ipomoe'a sphaerocephala, Sweet, hort. brit. p. 288. but not of D. Don. Conv. curtana, Ham. herb. Conv. cynanchifblius, Wall. cat. no. 1399. Conv. hirtus, Wight, herb. Conv. patulus, Ham. herb. Leaves l-S inches long, entire, or sinuated on the edges. Flowers small, rose-coloured. There is also a variety of this with white flowers, in round sessile heads. Seuile-foirered Ipomoea. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1816. Plant twining. 54 I. BARBARA (Choisy, 1. c. p. 458.) stem very pilose ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, entire, woolly beneath, rounded at the base ; flowers axillary, 7-9 together in a capitate fascicle, which is involucrated by very long, linear, incurved bracteas. Jj . *"*. S. Native of the East Indies ; at Rangoon, in Pegu, Donabew ; and on the banks of the Irawaddi. Convolvulus barbatus, Wall. pi. rar. asiat. 2. p. 45. t. 155. cat. no. 1391. Stem beset with rusty silky hairs. Leaves 5-12 inches long, furnished with long hairs above, which are glandular at tl»e 270 CONVOLVULACE^E. XIV. IPOMOJA. base. Corolla an inch long, contracted at the base, pale yellow, tinged with red inside. Bearded Ipomoea. Shrub tw. 55 I. POLYCA'RPA ; stems downy ; leaves ovate-oblong, mu- cronate, cordate, downy above, canescent and tomentose beneath ; umbels axillary, nearly sessile, shorter than the leaves ; sepals ovate, acuminated, downy, nearly equal. It . '"'. S. Native of Mexico, near Regla and Omitla, at the altitude of 1100 hexa- pods. Convolvulus polycarpus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 8. p. 98. Stem terete, downy. Leaves obtuse, mucronate, 10 lines long, and 4 broad. Umbels 6-8-flowered. Corolla funnel- shaped, of a violaceous rose-colour, glabrous ; limb plicately 5- toothed. Capsule glabrous. Many-fruited Ipomoea. PI. tw. 56 I. POLYA'NTHES (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 234.) leaves cordate, acute, glabrous, on longish petioles ; umbels peduncu- late. If.. ^. S. Native of Martinico, St. Domingo, Jamaica, and Cuba, about the Havannah. Conv. umbellatus, Lin. spec. p. 221. Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 555. — Plum. icon. 88. t. 102. Petioles furnished with 2 stipulas at the base, which run down the stem. Peduncles rather angular, thickened at the apex. Corollas small, yellow, with a tinge of green, very like those of a species of Primula. Capsule clothed with silky yellow tomentum. Many-flowered Ipomcea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. Plant twining. 57 I. PRIMBUEFLORA ; suffruticose, downy ; leaves cordate, acute, with the hind lobes obtuse ; petioles pilose ; peduncles long, many-flowered ; flowers umbellate. 1? . '"X S. Native of Sierra Leone, on the banks of rivers and rivulets. Flowers small, yellow. Primrose-flowered Ipomoea. Shrub twining. 58 I. VERRUCOSA (Blum, bijdr. p. 718.) leaves cordate-ovate, acute, ciliated, smooth ; peduncles elongated, thick, bearing umbels ; sepals oval, nearly equal : outer ones warted ; stems downy. 7/f . ^. S. Native of Java, in marshes near Batavia. Flowers dark purple, with a lilac limb. Var. j3 ; leaves spotted. Warted Ipomcea. Fl. Year. PI. tw. § 3. Leaves cordate, hastately cordate, or hastate, with entire edges. Flowers not crowded into heads. Capsules and sepals middle-sized. * Peduncles \-flowered. •f" Leaves cordate. 59 I. SINE'NSIS (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 469.) plant very hairy ; leaves cordate, acute, mucronulate, hairy on both surfaces ; peduncles 1 -flowered, shorter than the petioles ; outer sepals cordately cuneated at the base, acuminated at the apex. 0. ^. H. Native of China. Convolvulus Sinen- sis, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 557. Conv. Ser, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 598. Stem terete, beset with retrograde white hairs. Leaves 3-4 inches long, and 2-3 broad ; hind lobes approximate. Inner sepals lanceolate, acute. Corolla campanulate. China Ipomcea. PI. tw. 60 I. AIBIVE'NIA ; stems tomentose ; leaves roundish-cor- date, somewhat repand, having the veins elevated and woolly beneath; peduncles 1 -flowered, shorter than the petioles, but the flowers are much longer than the leaves ; calyx glabrous : the 2 outer sepals larger, and the 3 inner obtuse. J; . ^. S. Native of Algoa Bay. Conv. albivenius, Lindl. bot. reg. 1116. Adult stems nearly glabrous, tubercular. Flowers terminating the branchlets, solitary. Corolla large, having the tube dirty- white outside, and purple inside ; limb white, with obcordate lobes, and yellow plicas. White-veined-\ea.vei\ Ipomoea. Clt. 1824. Fl. Sept. 61 I. OCHRA'CEA ; stems terete, pilose ; leaves cordate, acu- minated, entire, and are, as well as the petioles, pilose ; pedun- cles pilose, 1 -flowered, shorter than the petioles; calyx downy, with nearly equal, ovate-acute sepals. Q. /"1. S. Native of Guinea, on the gold coast. Conv. ochraceus, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1060. Limb of corolla flat, with apiculated, crenulated lobes. Stigma small, capitate. Corolla of orange-yellow colour, having the tube deep purple inside. Nearly allied to /. 06- scura, Ker. bot. reg. 239. but that plant is glabrous. OcAraceows-flowered Ipomoea. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1826. PI. tw. 62 I. DISCOLOR ; stems striated, downy ; leaves ovate, deeply cordate, obtuse, mucronate, very soft, pubescent above, but clothed with white tomentum beneath ; peduncles 1-flowered, longer than the leaves ; sepals oblong, obtuse, downy. If. . ^. S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco, near Carichana, where it is called by the natives Corazonc'dlo. Conv. discolor, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 105. t. 212. Conv. leuco- phy'llus, Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 301. Leaves an inch long ; hind lobes rather diverging. Peduncles downy. Corolla violaceous, downy outside, funnel-shaped. A decoction of the leaves of this species is used in gonorrhoea by the natives. Discoloured-\eaveA Ipomoea. PI. tw. 63 I. CILIOLA'TA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 183.) glabrous; leaves finely cordate, with the edges a little ciliated ; peduncles rather long, 1-flowered; calyx bractless; sepals broad-oval, obtuse; corollas tubularly-campanulate. 1£.''\ H. Native of Tennessee, at Knoxville. Ip. ciliosa, Pursh, fl. amer. 1. p. 146. Conv. ciliolatus, Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 137. Ciliated-leaveA Ipomoea. PI. tw. 64 I. SOLANIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 226.) leaves cordate, acute ; peduncles J -flowered, solitary, equal in length to the leaves. $ . ^\ S. Native of America. Willd. spec. 1. p. 881. Convol- vulus solanifolius, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 596. Quamoclit solani- folia, flore roseo. Plum. spec. 3. Burm. amer. icon. 94. f. 1. Tourn. inst. p. 116. Corolla tubular, rose-coloured. Genitals exserted. Leaves acuminated. Perhaps a species of Quamoclit. Solanum-leaved Ipomcea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Plant twining. 65 I. PU'LCHUA (Blum, bijdr. p. 716.) leaves cordate-ovate, mucronulate, entire, smooth above, and rather downy beneath ; peduncles 1-flowered, about equal in length to the petioles ; sepals roundish, rather silky. If.. ? /"v. S. Native of Java, and the Moluccas. Corolla large, funnel-shaped, purplish. Far. ft ; leaves acuminated, with a mucrone ; peduncles longer than the petioles. 1£ . ? ^. S. Native of the Island of Timor. Fair Ipomoca. Fl. Year. PI. tw. 66 I. IEUCA'NTHA (Jacq. coll. 2. p. 280. icon. rar. 2. t. 318.) glabrous; leaves cordate, acuminated; peduncles 1-flowered; solitary, shorter than the leaves ; sepals broad, short, acutish. O« '"'• S. Native of tropical America. Scop, del insub. fasc. 2. t. 4. Willd. spec. 1. p. 881. Conv. leucanthus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 541. Ip. Philadelphia, Hort. Leaves sometimes repand. Corolla white, hardly twice as long as the calyx, which is acuminated. Seeds blackish-brown. White-flowered Ipomoea. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1823. Plant twining. 67 I. ACULEA'TA (Blum, bijdr. p. 715.) glabrous ; leaves roundish-cordate, acuminated, entire ; peduncles axillary, shorter than the petioles, thickened, 1-flowered ; sepals roundish ; tube of corolla elongated ; stem triquetrous, and prickly at bottom. CONVOLVULACE.E. XIV. IPOMOJA. 271 7/ . ? ^\ S. Native of Java, in the province of Tjangor, on the Parang mountains, among bushes. Said to be allied to /. tubu- losa. Corolla with a white limb and green rays. Prickly Ipomcea. Fl. July. PI. tw. 68 I. MELAXOSTICTA ; downy ; leaves roundish-ovate, deeply cordate, with an acutish recess, and very blunt lobes, which are acutish or mucronate at the apex, downy, and dotted with black beneath : peduncles 1 -flowered, shorter than the petioles ; sepals nearly equal, suborbicular, obtuse, mutic. If.. ? . S. Native of the East Indies, almost everywhere. Conv. cymosus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 55G. Conv. bifidus, ft. Vahl. symb. 3. p. 31. Conv. laeVis minor, Rumph. atnb. 5. p. 431. t. 158. Conv. blandus, Wall, fl. ind. 2. p. 50. t. 70. Ipomce'a bifida, Roth. nov. spec. p. 118; Ip. corymbosa, Roth. 1. c. p. 109. Ip. Heynei, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 237. Ip. blanda, Sweet, hort. brit. p. 288. Conv. Lotuoha, Ham. herb. Conv. multiflorus, Wall. mss. Stem blackish. Leaves 1-3 inches long, and 6-18 lines broad, glabrous. Corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, pure white, an inch long, glabrous : lobes bearded at top. Seeds rufous, hairy. Var. ft, pilosa (Choisy, 1. c. p. 462.") plant hairy, or downy. If. . /0>. S. Native of the East Indies, Conv. cymosus, ft. Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 556. Conv. bifidus, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 30. Conv. Rothii, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 600. Conv. lae'vis mas. Rumph. amb. 5. p. 431. Conv. pentagonus, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 72. Ipomoe'a bifida, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 241. Ip. Rothii, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 237. Ip. cymosa, Roth. nov. spec. p. 116. Blum. cat. hort. buit. p. 50. Conv. blandus, ft. pubescens, Roxb. Conv. blandus, ft. major, Wall, mss. Seeds hairy. Far. y, sagittato-angulata (Choisy, 1. c. p. 463.) leaves sagit- tate, angular. 11 . '"\ S. Native of Java. Ip. radicans, Blum, bijdr. p. 712. ? Leaves form of those of var. ft. Far. S, culta (Choisy, 1. c.) stem rather downy ; leaves cor- date-ovate; peduncles 3-12-flowered ; corolla glabrous; all parts of the plant more elongated. 1£. r^. S. This is a culti- vated variety. Cfymose-flowered Ipomcea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. PI. tw. 84 I. VELUTINA (R. Br. 1. c.) tomentose; leaves cordate, ob- tuse, entire, soft, having the recess at the base, rather truncate ; peduncles many -flowered ; sepals glabrous, obtuse. I/ . ? /*\ S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic, on the sea shore. Conv. velutina, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 601. Velvety Ipomoea. PI. tw. 85 I. CONGE'STA (R. Br. 1. c.) tomentose; leaves cordate, acuminated, entire, soft ; peduncles many-flowered : pedicels crowded ; sepals ending in subulate awns : inner ones smaller. It.? /~>. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic, on the sea shore. Conv. congestus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 601. Crorvded-fiowered Ipomcea. PI. tw. 86 I. URCEOLA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.) tomentose ; leaves cordate, rather reniform, entire ; cymes many-flowered, nearly sessile ; sepals equal, pilose, orbicular, obtuse ; tube of corolla urceolate, subovate. !(.. '~1. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Conv. urceolatus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 601. Urceolate- flowered Ipomoea. PI. tw. 87 I. DUMETORUM (Willd. rel. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 789.) glabrous ; leaves ovate, much acuminated, cordate, having the hind lobes angularly toothed, and diverging ; pedun- cles axillary, dichotomous, 5-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; sepals ovate, acutish, glabrous, wrinkled, nearly equal. Q. ^\ S. Native of New Granada, on the Andes of Quito. Conv. dumetorum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 101. Stem angu- larly striated. Pedicels rather rough. Capsule globose, gla- brous. Bush Ipomcea. PI. tw. CONVOLVOLACEJS. XIV. IPOMCEA. 273 88 I. ALiissiMA (Bertero, mss.) arboreous ; leaves cordate- oblong, mucronate, clothed with silky villi beneath ; peduncles terminal, twin ; bracteas remote, and are, as well as the calyxes, coloured, obtuse, and mucronate. Ij . S. Native of Hispa- niola. Convolvulus altissimtis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 613. This and the following species ought probably to have followed /. stans, no. 32, p. 267, from their upright habit. Tallest Iporaoea. Tree. 89 1. PAREIRSFOLIA ; shrubby ; leaves ovate, truncate at the base, acuminated, quite entire, hoary beneath, and reticulated with veins ; peduncles cymose, 4-flowered ; sepals obtuse ; tube of corolla elongated. H . S. Native of New Granada. Con- volvulus pareiraefolius, Spreng. syst. 1 p. 613. Pareira-leared Ipomcea. Shrub. 90 I. CA'KDICANS ; glabrous ; leaves cordate, acuminated, rather downy beneath ; peduncles many flowered, bractless ; outer sepals nerved, obtuse. I/ . ? ^. H. Native of North America ? Conv. candicans, Sol. mss. ex Sims, bot. mag. t. 1603. Corolla large, white, with a purple throat: lobes rounded, plicae mucronate. Whitish Ipomcea. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1776. PI. tw. 91 I. RUBENS (Choisy, 1. c. p. 463.) stem downy; leaves cordate, acuminated, usually glabrous above, but clothed with grey down beneath ; peduncles stiff, much exceeding the pe- tioles, umbellately many-flowered ; sepals ovate, acuminated, or lanceolate, mucronate, equal ; corolla showy, purple. If. . ^. S. Native of the East Indies, as of Silhet, Gualpara, Pirgum, &c. Conv. rubens, Wall. cat. no. 14'21. Conv. bifidus, Ham. herb. Conv. Gualpara, Ham. herb. Leaves 2-3 inches long, and nearly as broad at the base. Umbels 5-8-flowered. Corolla campanulately tubular, 15 lines long, red, glabrous. I'ar. p, lanata (Choisy, 1. c.) leaves roundish-cordate, short- acuminated, clothed with woolly tomentum on both surfaces, but especially beneath; stem villous. y.. *"*. S. Conv. glandu- ]6sus, Ham. ex Wall. cat. no. 2255. Reddish-fio\\ered Ipomcea. PI. tw. 92 I. SEPIA'RIA (Konig. mss. ex Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 90.) stem alternately glabrous and villous from loose hairs ; leaves cor- date-obloi/g ; peduncles many-flowered ; sepals oblong-ovate, acute, or obtuse; corolla showy, tubularly funnel-shaped. If.. ? ^. S. Native of the East Indies, everywhere ; Timor, China, and Java. Ip. striata, Pers. ench. 1. p. 183. Roth. nov. spec. p. 111. Conv. maximus, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 26. Lin. suppl. p. 137. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 49.? Conv. marginatus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 558. Conv. striatus, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 28. Conv. hastatus, Heyne, herb. Conv. incrassatus, Wall. cat. no. 1386. 1. and 2. tiru-tali, Rheed. itial. 11. p. 109. t. 53. — This species differs from the preceding in the peduncles being always many- flowered, and in the corolla being longer. Corollas large, of a beautiful rose-colour ; white, with a brown bottom, ex Vahl. Var. p, sagiltata (Choisy, 1. c. p. 465.) leaves sagittate, also somewhat 3-lobed. T£. ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Ipomoe'a spherica, Roxb. Hedge Ipomcea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817. P). tw. 93 1. CI-MAXE'KSIS ; plant clothed with rusty tomentum ; leaves ovate, cordate, acuminated ; peduncles few-flowered, about equal in length to the leaves : the 3 outer sepals large, ovate, acute : the 2 inner lanceolate-oblong, acuminated. II . ^. S. Native of America, in the province of Cumana, in shady places of Laguna, Chica, and Golfo de Cariaco. Conv. Cuma- nensis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 99. Stems terete. Leaves 1| inch long and 1 broad. Peduncles 3-4-flowered. Corolla campanulately funnel-shaped, blue, glabrous. Nearly allied to Conv. nodifldrus, Lam. Cumana Ipomoea. Shrub tw. VOL. IV. 94 I. CAXE'SCEKS ; plant clothed with canescent tomentum ; leaves ovate, cordate, acuminated ; peduncles many-flowered, about equal in length to the leaves ; sepals downy : 3 outer ones large, ovate, acuminated : the 2 inner ones lanceolate, acumi- nately subulate. ^ . ^. S. Native of America, between Car- thagena and Mount La Papa, in hot sandy places. Conv. canescens, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 99. Leaves 1 inch long and 8-9 lines broad, clothed with hoary tomentum beneath. Flowers nearly sessile, in capitate heads. Corolla campanulate, 5-plicate, longer than the calyx, pale blue. — This and /. Cuma- nensis might form a distinct genus, from the form of the calyx, according to Kunth, 1. c. This and the following species ought probably to have been placed under § 2. p. 269. from their capi- tate or umbellate inflorescence. Canescent Ipomoea. Shrub tw. 95 I. SAGITTIFER ; plant smoothish ; leaves oblong-lanceo- late, acuminated, deeply cordate-sagittate at the base, glabrous, except on the veins beneath, which are downy : hind lobes roundish, diverging ; umbels pedunculate, one half shorter than the leaves ; sepals glabrous, roundish, nearly equal. Tf. . /™>. S. Native of Cuba, near Havannah, in moist places. Conv. sagittifer, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 100. Conv. Caracasanus. Schlecht, in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 301. Conv. Havan- * ensis, Willd. herb. Leaves 3 inches long. Umbels 6-7-flow- ered. Corolla yellow, ex Bonpl. glabrous. Capsule glabrous. Arrow-bearing Ipomoea. PI. tw. 96 I. BOGOTE'KSIS ; stem branched, angular, clothed with canescent villi and retrograde hairs ; leaves ovate, deeply cor- date, acuminated, beset with silky strigae above, and hoary tomentum beneath ; peduncles many-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; sepals silky, hispid, oblong-lanceolate, subulately-acu- minated, nearly equal. fj . ? '™>. S. Native of New Granada, on high plains, near Santa Fe de Bogota, at the altitude of 1370 hexapods. Conv. Bogotensis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 104. Leaves 2 inches long; hind lobes approximate. Pedun- cles and pedicels villous. Corolla purple, downy outside, to- wards the apex, twice longer than the calyx. — Perhaps a species of Pliarbitts. Capsule glabrous. Bogota Ipomoea. Shrub tw. 97 I. ABUTILOIDES ; branches terete, hoary from down ; leaves roundish-ovate, cordate, acuminated, glabrous above, but clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; corymbs axillary, trichotomous, longer than the leaves ; sepals oblong, obtuse, smoothish. Tj . ^. S. Native of Quito, near Guayaquil, on the shores of the Pacific. Conv. abutiloides, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 106. Leaves 3 inches long ; hind lobes diverging. Petioles biglandular at apex. Peduncles and pedicels downy. Corolla funnel-shaped, violaceous, size of those of Calystegia septum, downy outside; lobes of iunb emarginate. Capsule 1-celled, 1- seeded, crowned by the base of the style, aiid girded by the calyx. AbuVlon-like Ipomoea. Shrub tw. 98 I. CA'RNEA (Jacq. anvr. p. 26. t. 18. pict. t. 25.) leaves roundish-cordate, glabrous ; peduncles many-flowered ; corollas emarginate; sepals small, roundish. If.. r*. S. Native of America, near Carthagena, where U is called Campanilla. Willd. spec. 1. p. 883. Conv. carneus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 602. All parts of plant glabrous. Leaves obtuse, mucronate, or acumi- nated. Peduncles subracemose. Corolla pale red, 3 inches long. Capsule tetragonal, 4-celled. Seeds black. Flesh-coloured-Qovrered Ipomoea. PI. tw. 99 I. VIOLA'CEA (Lin. spec. 1. p. 229.) leaves cordate ; flowers crowded: corolla undivided. Q. /~>. S. Native of South Ame- rica. Conv. violaceus, Spreng. syst. l.p. 599. Quamoclit foliis amplissimis cordiformibus, Plum. spec. 3. icon. 93. f. 1. — Sloan, jam. p. 55. hist. 1. p. 155. t. 98. f. 1. Flowers large, purple. Conv. I'ndicus, Mill. diet. no. 5. ? N N 274 CONVOLVULACE^E. XIV. IPOMCEA. Ff'ofaceojw-flowered Ipomoea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1792. PI. tvv. 100 I. CORYMBOSA (Roth. nov. spec, p. 220.) leaves cordate; peduncles umbellate; stem creeping. If.. r*. S. Native of tropical America, Lin. ; St. Domingo, and the East Indies, Heyne. Conv. corymbosus, Lin. spec. p. 225. Desr. in Lam. diet. 2. p. 555.— Plum. ed. Burm. t. 89. f. 2. mss. vol. 2. t. 50. Leaves like those of Calystegia septum, 2-3 inches long, thin. Corolla white, spreading ; star of limb of 5 white rays. Capsule turbinate, 1-celled, 2-8-seeded. Seeds roundish, brown. Var. fi ; petioles stipulate at the base. !(.. r>. S. Native of Cayenne, Bonpl. Corymbose-fiowered Ipomcea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1 823. PI. creeping. 101 I.AMCE'NA (Blum, bijdr. p. 718.) leaves roundish-cordate, acuminated, quite entire, very soft on both surfaces ; peduncles elongated, cymosely many-flowered ; sepals lanceolate, acumi- nated, spreading : outer ones the largest. If.?'"'. S. Native of the Moluccas. Corolla purple. Pleasant Ipomcea. Fl. Nov. PI. tw. 102 I. MULTIFLO'RA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 234.) leaves cordate, glabrous ; peduncles many-flowered ; seeds rusty, vil- lous. ©. l/.^.S. Native of Jamaica. Conv. multiflorus, Mill. diet. no. 15. — Plukn. phyt. t. 167. f. 1. Stems slender. Flowers racemose, on long peduncles. Corolla purple. Cap- sule trigonal, S-celled ; cells 1 -seeded. — Perhaps a species of Batatas. Many-flowered Ipomoea. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? PI. tw. 103 I. TRI'COLOR (Cav. icon. 3. p. 5. t. 208) glabrous ; leaves cordate, acuminated ; flowers axillary, subumbellate ; peduncles thicker than the stem ; calyx fleshy, pentagonal ; sepals keeled. O. r>. S. Native country unknown. Conv. venustus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 600. Calyx of a dark violet colour. Corolla with a 5-lobed, crenulated blue limb and a whitish tube, having the inside angles spotted with red. Three-coloured-fiowered Ipomcea. PI. tw. 104 I. OSYRE'NSIS (Roth. nov. spec. p. 220. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 2y9.) shrubby ; leaves cordate-ovate, ob- tuse, undivided, glabrous above, but clothed with dense, silky tomentum beneath ; flowers subcapitate, almost sessile, mixed with oblong-lanceolate bracteas ; corolla oblong-campanulate, strigose outside ; stem tomentose. If. . ? /"\ ? S. Native of the East Indies, in Osyre, where it is called Mala-Erikaliga. Conv. Osyrensis, Heyne. Stigma capitate, didymous, tuber- cled. Osyre Ipomoea. Shrub twining. 105 I. RACEMOSA (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 634.) stem terete, grey, downy ; leaves ovate-cordate, obtuse, coriaceous, downy be- neath ; flowers racemosely panicled ; peduncles hispid ; brac^ teas downy, concave, lanceolate, involving the calyx and ex- ceeding it ; sepals lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous. ^ . /"\ S. Native of St. Domingo. Conv. racemosus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 600. Leaves 2 inches long, clothed with white silky down be- neath. Peduncles beset with numerous short hairs. Corolla white, with a thick cylindrical tube, twice as long as the brac- teas ; limb short of 5 acute lobes. /Racemose-flowered Ipomcea. Shrub tw. 106 I. FERRUGINEA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 240.) plant clothed with rusty tomentum ; stem terete ; leaves ovate-cor- date, acute ; peduncles axillary, 4-flowered ; sepals unequal : the 3 outer cordate, acuminated, and the 2 inner shorter and lanceolate. T; . *"\ S. Native of South America. Conv. ferru- gineus, Vahl, eclog. 1. p. 17. Willd. spec. 1. p. 858. Petioles length of leaves. Leaves linear above. Peduncles length of petioles. Corolla unquicular, blue. Stigma thickened, ex Vahl. Rusty Ipomcea. Shrub tw. 107 I. HETEROPHY'LLA ; twining, rather downy ; leaves has- tately S-lobed : lobes acute, entire ; peduncles many-flowered ; sepals equal, oblong, acute. If.. ^. S. Native of Guinea. Conv. diversifolius, Schum. pi. guin. p. 94. but not of Choisy. Stems filiform, hairy. Leaves glaucous, as well as downy be- neath. Peduncles naked, usually 7-flowered. Corolla campa- nulately funnel-shaped, size of C. septum, white, with a viola- ceous throat ; limb obsoletely 5-lobed. Seeds tomentose. Various-leaved Ipomcea. PI. tw. 108 I. VENTRICOSA (Bert, in Coll. hort. rip. p. 37. under Con- volvulus) glabrous ; leaves broad-cordate, acuminated, quite entire, glabrous ; peduncles generally 4-flowered, bracteate ; calyxes acute, coriaceous, ventricose. 0. r*. S. Native of Guadeloupe, in gardens ; but originally introduced from the Island of St. Bartholomew. Corolla large, white, funnel-shaped, glabrous. Pen/rzcose-calyxed Ipomcea. PI. twining. 109 I. HOOKE'RI; glabrous; leaves on long petioles, deeply cordate, acuminated ; peduncles 3-4-flowered, thickened, and somewhat racemose ; sepals small, erect, adpressed, linear-subu- late, margined with white ; corolla large, funnel-shaped, with a very short tube, and a 5-angled limb ; having the angles mucro- nate. *; . °. S. Native of Mexico, in the province of Gua- naxuato. Ipomce'a rubro-ccerulea, Hook. bot. mag. t. 3297. Corolla white in the bud, with the limb of a rich lake-red, which when the flower is fully expanded, becomes of a fine purplish blue. Filaments hairy. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed. This is pro- bably a species of Rlvea. Hooker's Ipomcea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1830. Shrub tw. * * * Peduncles generally 3-flonered. 110 I. OBSCU'RA (Ker. bot. reg. t. 239. Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 236.) stem herbaceous, interruptedly glabrous, and vil- lous from hairs ; leaves cordate, acuminated, glabrous ; pedun- cles exceeding the petioles, 1-3-flowered ; pedicels thickened, bracteate ; sepals oblong-ovate, sometimes obtuse, sometimes acuminated. 0. /"\ S. Native of the East Indies, every- where. Ip. solanifolia, Burm. ind. p. 49. Ip. insuavis, Blum, bijdr. p. 716. Conv. obscurus, Lin. spec. p. 220. Burm. ind. 44. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 52. Conv. gemellus, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 27. — Dill. elth. 98. t. 83. f. 95. Conv. trigonus, Ham. herb. Ip. gemella, Roth. nov. spec. 240, Bracteas lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; calyx glabrous. Corolla campanulate, glabrous, 3-4 times longer than the calyx, yellow, with a purple throat ; lobes emarginate. Seeds downy. Far. ft, glabra (Choisy, 1. c. p. 464.) stem glabrous ; pedi- cels equal ; seeds sometimes clothed with grey down, and sometimes glabrous. ©. /"\ S. Obscure Ipomcea. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1732. PI. tw. 111 I. TRIA'NTHA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 243.) gla- brous ; leaves cordate-lanceolate, attenuated, glabrous, obtuse ; peduncles 3-rlowered, shorter than the leaves ; sepals obtuse. ©.?^. S. Native of the East Indies. Conv. triflorus, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 30. Leaves 2 inches long, rounded and mucronate at apex ; hind lobes obtuse, very rarely angular. Pedicels bract- less, angular. Corolla 3 times longer than the calyx ; lobes pilose at apex. Three-flowered Ipomcea. PI. tw. 112 I. TRIFLORA (Forsk. egypt. p. 44.) glabrous; leaves cor- date, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered. ©. ^. S. Native of Arabia, in Hadje. Gmel. syst. p. 343. Vittm. summ. 1. p. 440. Corolla pale yellow ; limb undivided, an inch in diameter. Three-florvered Ipomcea. PI. tw. 113 I. WEINMA'NNI (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 245.) 1 CONVOLYULACE.E. XIV. IPOMCZA. 275 pilose ; leaves cordate, acute ; peduncles axillary, usually &- flowered, shorter than the leaves. Q. ^. S. Native of Benaal. I. -chultesii, Weinm. in litt. Leaves ciliated. Sepals equal, 3 outer ones sagittately cordate, the 2 inner ones linear. Corolla small, white ; segments ovate, acute. Capsule 3, rarely 4- seeded. Seeds clothed with brown hairs. Weinmann's Ipomoea. PI. tw. 114 I. GLAUCE'SCESS ; glabrous; leaves ovate, cordately has- tate, glabrous, glaucescent beneath, having the hind lobes diverg- ing ; peduncles axillary, 2-3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; sepals oblong, obtuse, mucronulate under the apex, wrinkled, glabrous, nearly equal. 0. /~\ S. Native of Quito, near Chile, at the altitude of 1350 hexapods. Conv. glaucescens, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 101. Stem angular. Leaves 2 inches long. Corolla funnel-shaped, glabrous, of a violaceous purple colour, size of those of Cone, anensis. Glaucescent Ipomoea. PI. tw. 115 I. MEYE'RI; leaves cordate, acuminated, srooothish ; pe- duncles very short, 2-flowered ; sepals linear-lanceolate, cuspi- date, parted to the base, hairy, i;.?^. S. Native country unknown. Convolvulus Meyeri, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 597. Cony. cuspidatus, Willd. herb. Meyer's Ipomcea. PI. tw. 116 I. TRICHOCA'LYX ; leaves cordate, acutely acuminated, mucronate, smoothish, somewhat ciliated ; stem, petioles, and peduncles hairy ; peduncles short, 3-flowered ; calyx hairy ; sepals ovate-acute, or ovate-lanceolate, acuminated. — Native of Guinea. Conv. trichocalyx, Sebum, pi. guin. p. 91. Stems herbaceous, hairy or glabrous. Lateral pedicels bracteate : middle one naked. Corolla like that of C. artensis, cream- coloured, with a purple bottom. Capsule globose. Seeds clothed with black tomentum. Limb of corolla flat, with 5 small inci- sures. — Nearly allied to /. gemella. Hairy-calyxed Ipomoea. PI. tw. 117 I. ERIOCA'BPA (R. Br. 1. c.) downy; leaves cordate, lan- ceolate, acuminated, entire; peduncles 2-3-flowered, very short; sepals acuminated, and are, as well as the capsules, pilose. 2C-? *"*. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic, on the sea shore. Conv. eriocarpus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 598. Woolly-fruited Ipomcea. PI. tw. 118 I. pARAsincA ; stem muricated with prickles; leaves roundish, deeply cordate, acuminated, downy on the veins on both surfaces, ciliated ; peduncles 3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; sepals ovate-oblong, mucronate, smoothish, nearly equal, •y.. r*. S. Native near Caraccas. Conv. parasiticus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 103. Conv. circinnatus, Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 302. Stems angular, beset with retrograde hairs and deciduous prickles. Leaves 2 inches long : hind lobes approximate. Peduncles and pedicels downy. Corolla funnel-shaped, much longer than the calyx, blue, covered with adpressed down towards the base. Seeds angular. Cap- sule glabrous. Perhaps a species of Pharbitis. Parasitical Ipomoea. PI. tw. 119 I. SUPE'HBA ; stem angular, beset with retrograde strigae ; leaves roundish-ovate, deeply cordate, acuminated, beset with strigose hairs beneath, ciliated ; peduncles usually 3-flowered, twice as long as the leaves ; sepals oblong, acutish, hispid, nearly equal, "ty . ^\ S. Native of New Spain, betwixt Agua- sarca and the burning mount Jorullo, at the altitude of 550 hex- apods. Conv. superbus, H. B et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 103. Conv. sanguineus, Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 302. Leaves 2 inches long, beset with adpressed scattered hairs above ; hind lobes approximate. Peduncles and pedicels beset with retrograde bristles. Corollas funnel-shaped, purple, downy outside, 3 lines longer than those of /. purpurea. Perhaps a species of Pharbiiit. Superb Ipomoea. PI. tw. 120 I. MOLLIS ; stems compressed, roughish; leaves roundish- ovate, cordate, acuminated, strigose above, and clothed with soft down beneath ; peduncles 3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; sepals rather downy, oblong-lanceolate, subulately acuminated, nearly equal. 11 . ^"\ -S. Native of New Andalusia, near Cumanacoa. Conv. mollis, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 104. Conv. cynanchifolius, Willd. rel. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 301. Leaves hardly 3 inches long; hind lobes di- verging. Peduncles and pedicels rather downy. Corolla viola- ceous, downy outside. Perhaps a species of Pharbitis. Soft Ipomoea. Shrub tw. 121 1. PETIOLA'RIS ; stem angularly furrowed, muricated with prickles; leaves roundish-ovate, deeply cordate, acuminated, glabrous, on long petioles ; peduncles S-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; sepals oblong, subulately-acuminated, glabrous, nearly equal. T(.. l~^. S. Native of Mexico, on the burning mount Jorullo, near the volcano, at the altitude of 600 hexa- pods. Couv. petiolaris, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 105. Plant glabrous. Leaves 4 inches long ; hind lobes ap- proximate. Petioles 5 inches long. Corolla funnel-shaped, violaceous, glabrous. Long-pelioled Ipomoea. PI. tw. 122 I. LILA'CINA (Blum, bijdr. p. 716.) leaves cordate, acu- minated, with a mucrone, downy above, soft beneath ; peduncles 2-3-flowered, about equal in length to the petioles ; sepals acute, downy. T^.^.S. Native of Java, about Batavia, in grassy bogs. Flowers lilac. Said to be allied to I. gemella, Roth. Ziioc-flowered Ipomoea. Fl. Year. PL tw. 123 I. BATATILLA : branches terete, clothed with hoary to- mentum ; leaves ovate, obsoletely cordate, acuminated, downy above, but clothed with hoary tomentum beneath ; peduncles terminal ? and axillary, usually 3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; sepals roundish obtuse, downy : the 3 outer ones rather the smallest ; seeds comose. f? . '"'. S. Native near Cumana, Caraccas, and in the valleys of Aragua, where it is called by the natives Batatilla. Conv. Batatilla, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 106. Leaves 2 inches long. Petioles biglandular at apex. Corollas funnel-shaped, downy outside, of a violaceous rose-colour ; lobes of limb emarginate. Capsule glabrous, 4- celled ? 4-valved ? Cells 1-seeded. Seeds size of the nuts of Cornus mdscuia, black, trigonal. Batatilla Ipomoea. Shrub tw. 6 feet high. 124 I. VEKTICILLA'TA (Forsk. descr. p. 44.) decumbent, hairy ; leaves cordate, bluntish, with a short mucrone, the veins beset with a few hairs above in the young state ; pe- duncles axillary, tern, from all the axils, reflexed, 1 -flowered, angular ; sepals ovate, acute, hispid, glabrous in the old state, but ciliated. I/ . ^. S. Native of Arabia Felix. Vahl, symb. 3. p. 33. Willd. spec. 1. p. 883. Convolvulus Forskoe'lii, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 596. Peduncles bracteate. Capsule size of a pea, glabrous. Seeds clothed with silky tomentum. /FAorfcd-flowered Ipomoea. PL decumbent. $ 4. Leaves cordate at the base, often 3-lobed, with toothed or repand edget ; sometimes varying in the tame plant, rtith entire, annular, or toothed edges. Floirers not crowded into heads. Capsules and sepals middle-sized. 125 I. ACOTA'NGDLA (Ruiz, et Pay. fl. per. 2. p. 11. t. 119. f. b.) leaves sagittately triangular, having the angles toothed be- hind ; peduncles 3-5-flowered, length of leaves ; stems terete. Q. ^. S. Native of Peru, in the woods of Chincao and Pozuzo. Leaves on long petioles. Bracteas subulate at the divisions of the peduncle. Corolla funnel-shaped, scarlet ; limb middle- sized, with a lobed margin. Perhaps a species of Qudmoclit. N n 2 276 CONVOLVULACEjE. XIV. Acute anglecl-leaved Ipomoea. PI. tw. 126 I. HERMA'NNIJE ; leaves oblong, acute, sagittately cor- date, sinuately repand towards the base, clothed with silky to- mentum on both surfaces, hoary ; peduncles axillary, 2-flowered, longer than the leaves ; sepals ovate, acuminated, downy, nearly equal. 3£.'">. S. Native near Truxillo, on the shores of the Pacific. Conv. Hermannise, Lher. stirp. nov. fasc. 4. p. 67. t. 33. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 10. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 98. Willd. spec. 1. p. 862. Hermann's Ipomoea. PI. tw. 127 I. STIPULA'CEA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 289. Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 466.) smooth; leaves cordate-sagittate; auricles usually repand, glabrous ; petioles bistipulate at the base ; peduncles 3-6-flowered, equal in length to the petioles ; sepals ovate, equal, concave. If.. '"\ S. Native of Chittagong. Conv. stipulaceus, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 71. Stems terete, creep- ing at base, and twining at apex. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Stipulas recurved, acute. Peduncles and pedicels clavate. Co- rollas showy, white, with obcordate lobes. Capsule globose. Seeds clothed with olive-coloured wool. Stipulaceous Ipomoea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1805. PI. tw. 128 I. PULCHE'LLA ; glabrous ; leaves ovate-oblong, much acu- minated, hastately cordate, angularly toothed at the base ; pe- duncles axillary, 1 -flowered, longer than the leaves ; sepals oblong, obtuse, glabrous, nearly equal. Q. ^.S. Native of Peru. Conv. pulcbellus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen 3. p. 101. Conv. pauciflorus, Willd. rel. ex Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. '302. Stems rather angular. Hind lobes of leaves diverging. Corolla funnel-shaped, glabrous, purple, size of those of Conv. arvensis. Capsule globose, glabrous. Neat Ipomoea. PI. tw. 129 I. SUFFU'LTA ; hairy; leaves roundish-ovate, acuminated, deeply cordate, angularly toothed; peduncles 1 -flowered, propped each by a cordate bractea or leaf; sepals oblong, acutely acumi- nated, glabrous: outer ones rather the smallest. If.. ^. G. Native of Mexico, on the burning mount Jorullo, at the altitude of 580 hexapods. Conv. suffultus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 103. Peduncles distant, solitary, on the axils of the upper leaves or bracteas. Corolla funnel-shaped, size of those of Calyslegia sepium, glabrous, purple. Stigmas granular. Propped Ipomoea. PI. tw. 130 I. FASTIGIA'TA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 288. ) glabrous ; leaves cordate, acuminated and mucronulate, entire, sinuated, fiddle- shaped, or 3-lobed; peduncles exceeding the petioles, 3-12- flowered, cymose ; sepals lanceolate, mucronately awned ; outer ones the shortest. If.. r>. S. Native of the West India Islands, Guiana, and Bengal. I. platanifolia, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 220, exclusive of the syn. of Plukn. Ip. cymosa, Meyer, ess. p. 99, but not of Roth. Conv. fastigiatus, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 48. Conv. platanifblius, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 26. Conv. Esse- quibensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 600. — Feuill. per. 3. p. 16. t. 1. Stems terete. Stolons long, creeping along the earth. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Corolla showy, purple, glabrous. Capsule smooth. Seeds glabrous. Leaves, like the young branches, often tinged with purple, particularly the margins, veins, and nerves. Var. ft ; stem angular ; peduncles elongated, few or many- flowered ; sepals short, or long-awned ; also the leaves and veins are downy. Fastigiate Ipomcea. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1816. PI. tw. 131 I. DENTICULA'TA (Choisy, in. mem. soc. phys. 6. p. 467.) glabrous ; leaves cordately hastate, quite glabrous : auricles obtuse, and laterally unidentate ; peduncles 1-flowered, shorter than the petioles ; sepals ovate, obtuse, sometimes mucronulate. y. . /*\ S. Native of the island of Rawak, and the Society Islands, &c. Conv. denticul&tus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 540. Conv. Isevigatus, R. Br. herb. Stems terete. Leaves obtuse, mucronulate, 1-2 inches long. Corolla l£ inch long, glabrous, with a hardly spreading limb. This species varies with many- flowered peduncles, and in the auricles being rounded. Denticulated-leaved Ipomcea. PI. tw. 132 I. PUDIBU'NDA ; glabrous ; leaves cordate, entire, and 3- lobed, acuminated ; peduncles many- flowered, shorter than the petioles ; sepals ovate, acute, somewhat foliaceous ; limb of corolla 5-lobed. 0. ^. S. Native of St. Vincent. Convol- vulus pudibundus, Lindl. in bot. reg. t. 999. Corolla of a fine rose-colour ; tube subcylindrical, inflated. Blush Ipomcea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1822. PI. tw. 133 I. MONTE VIDE'NSIS; leaves hastate, lanceolate, smoothish ; auricles divaricate, emarginately angular ; peduncles 2-flowered, exceeding the petioles; sepals scarious. If.?7"1. S. Native of Monte Video. Convolvulus Montevidensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 604. Monte-Video Ipomoea. PI. tw. 134 I. DEPPEA'NA ; downy; leaves sagittate at the base, sinuately toothed on the margins, mucronate ; peduncles 1- flowered, twice as long as the leaves, bibracteate near the apex ; bracteas linear, obtuse ; sepals unequal, obtuse. If. . ? '"'. S. Native of Mexico. Conv. sinuatus, N. E. in herb. Lamb. Flowers large, purple. Deppe's leaved Ipomoea. PI. twining. 135 I. MARIANNE'NSIS (Choisy, 1. c. p. 468.) glabrous; leaves cordate, acuminated, sometimes entire, sometimes 3-lobed and trifid : intermediate lobe dilated at the base ; peduncles 3-4- flowered, exceeding the petioles ; sepals lanceolate, very acute, ciliately hairy. I/ . *"\ S. Native of the Marianne Islands. Auricles of leaves entire or lobed. Corolla tubular, hardly 3 times longer than the calyx, glabrous. Capsule pilose. Root tuberous. Nearly allied to /. tnloba. Marianne Island Ipomcea. PL tw. 136 I. PILOSA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 289. Choisy, 1. c.) hairy; leaves broadly cordate, entire, or a little 3-lobed, clothed with white wool beneath ; peduncles exceeding the petioles, cymosely many-flowered ; sepals linear, hairy. 0. /^1. S. Native of Mysore, Bengal, at Patturghata. Conv. pilosus, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 55. Rottl. in act. n. c. berol. 4. p. 196. Conv. albicans, Wall. no. 1401. Stems terete. Bracteas oblong-lanceolate. Corolla tubular, hardly twice as long as the calyx, glabrous, rose-coloured, or pink, expanding an inch. Capsule globose, glabrous. Seeds villous on the angles. Pilose Ipomoea. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1815. PI. tw. 137 I. Aii6Nii (Hort. ex Lindl. bot. reg. 1794.) villous; leaves cordate-roundish, 3-lobed : lobes acute ; peduncles many- flowered, longer than the petioles, having the bracteas and sepals diverging and acuminated ; corolla campanulate, with a thickened tube ; stamens glandular at the base. 1f . *"\ S. Native country unknown. Flowers densely aggregate. Bracteas length of sepals ; sepals longer than the tube of the corolla. Corolla middle-sized, violaceous : lobes acute. Alton's Ipomoea. Fl. April. Oct. Clt. ? PI. tw. 138 I. GEME'LLA (Roth, nov. spec, p. 110. Choisy, 1. c. p. 469.) plant clothed with grey down ; leaves cordate, acuminated, en- tire, or somewhat 3-lobed, clothed with grey villi beneath ; pe- duncles much exceeding the petiole >, loose, generally 2-flowered, sometimes dichotomously many-flowered ; sepals coriaceous, obtuse, with sub-lacerated edges ; corolla striated. ©. *"\ S. Native of Tranquebar, Java, Manilla, banks of the Irawaddi, &c. Conv. gemellus, Burm. ind. 46. t. 21. f. 1. Conv. affinis, Wail, cat. no. 1385. Gonv. subangularis, Ham. herb. Stem terete, villous, or smoothish. Leaves 1| inch long, and l£ broad, gla- brous, green on the upper surface, except the middle nerve. Corolla twice longer than the calyx, marked with converging black stripes ; lobes acute, spreading. CONVOLVULACE.E. XIV. IPOMO-A. •277 7ir/»i-flowered Ipomcea. PI. tw. 139 I. CHRYSEIDES (Ker. hot. reg. t. 270.) stem twisted ; leaves oblong-cordate, subhastaie, entire, or often angular, also 3-lobed, acuminated, glabrous ; peduncles stiff, exceeding the petioles, 2-7-flowered ; sepals coriaceous, rayed with green, ovate retuse, mucronulate ; corolla small, yellow. ^. ^. S. Native of the East Indies, as of Silhet, banks of the Irawaddi, Soaddi, Goalpara, Segaen, Coromandel, Bengal ; China, and Timor. Ip. dentata, Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 789. ex Klein. Conv. chryseides, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 598. Conv. dentatus, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 25. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 62. cat. no. 1349. Conv. luteolus, Wight, herb. Conv. flavus, Ham. herb. Stem terete and striated, glabrous, downy at the insertion of the leaves. Leaves 12-24 lines long ; lateral lobes dentately serrated. Petioles waned. Capsule 4-angled, gla- brous. Seeds red, downy, under a lens. Far. p ; stem villous ; hairs straight, much crowded at the base of the petioles, as well as on the middle nerves of the leaves. GoMen- flowered Ipomcea. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1817. PL tw. 140 I. WIGHTII (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 470.) villous ; leaves cordate, acuminated : lower ones oblong, with sinuately toothed edges ; younger ones S-lobed ; all woolly and rusty above, and clothed with white tomentum beneath ; pedun- cles exceeding the petioles, 2-5-flowered ; sepals oblong-linear, awned, vtry acute, hairy. 11. r\ S. Native of the Nellighery mountains. Conv. Wfghtii, Wall.pl. rar. asiat. 2. p. 55. t. 171. Conv. gossypinus, Wall. cat. no. 1407. Conv. lanuginosus, Heyue, herb. Stem terete, beset with retrograde hairs, as well as the petioles. Leaves 1-3 inches long, and 1-2 broad. Brae- teas like the sepals, but larger. Corolla campanulate, rose- coloured, glabrous. Capsule downy. Seeds glabrous. Nearly allied to Ip. tricolor, Desr. Wight's Ipomoea. PI. tw. 141 I.SAGITTA'TA (Poir. diet. 4. p. 17.) glabrous ; leaves eor- dately sagittate ; peduncles 1 -flowered, shorter than the leaves, rarely 2-flowered ; sepals linear-elliptic, obtuse. Tt.^.S. Na- tive on the banks of lakes, about the Calle, and the bastions of France, in Barbary, ex Poiret; abundant about Castellon, in Valentia, in humid places, ex Cav. Poir, voy. in barb. 2. p. 122. edit. germ. 2. p. 160. t. 3. Larn. ill. t. 104. f. 2. Cav. icon. 2. p. 4. t. 107. descr. p. 98. Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 177. Conv. Wheleri, Vahl, symb. 2. p. 36. Willd. spec. 1. p. 845, exclusive of the syn. of EUukn. aim. p. 113. I. 85. f. 3. Conv. Valentimij, Hort. — Tourn. inst. p. 82. Lower leaves cordate, 3 inches long, and 1 inch broad. Corolla large, of a reddish pur- ple colour. Capsule globose. Seeds brown, angular. Sagittate-leaved Ipomcea. PI. tw. 142 I. LACUSOSA (Lin. spec. ed. 3d. 228.) glabrous; leaves cordate, acuminated, angular at the base : lower ones obscurely repand ; peduncles short, generally 1 -flowered ; calyx pilose ; sepals lanceolate, acute, ciliated ; corolla tubular, short. TJ. .'"\ H. Native of Virginia, Carolina, and Florida; rather abundant on the banks of the Arkansas, ex Nutt. in amer. phil. trans, n. s. 5. p. 195. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 140. Pursh, fl. amer. 1. p. 145. Conv. lacui.osus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 597. — Dill. elth. p. 105. t. 87. f. 102. Nearly allied to Ip. cocctnea ; but the peduncles are 1 or 2-flowered ; the corollas with a thicker white tube; and purplish rim, not scarlet, ex Lin., and in the Arkansas plant white, ex Nutt., short, and somewhat campanu- late. Nearly allied to I. trilaba, ex Michx. Lobes of corolla, which is tubular, nearly straight, ending in small setaceous mu- crones. Capsule globose, rather hairy. Z.acu«o,se-leaved Ipomoea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1640. PI. twining. 143. I. ARISTOLOCHLEFOLIA ; glabrous ; leaves ovate, much acuminated-, having the hind lobes dentately angular and diverg- ing; peduncles 3-flowered, shorter than the leaves; sepals ovate- oblong, acute, glabrous, wrinkled at the base, nearly equal ; capsules ovate-conical. If.. ^. G. Native of Caraccas, and La Venta de la Cumbre, in rather cold places. Conv. aristolo- chiaefblius, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 102. Stem angularly striated, rather scabrous ; branchlets downy. Leaves glabrous, but when young downy above, 2 inches long. Corolla funnel-shaped, glabrous, with a white tube, and a violaceous limb. Capsule glabrous. A rislolochia-leaved Ipomoea. PI. tw. 144 I. PANDCRA'TA (Ker. hot. reg. 588.) downy; leaves broad-cordate, entire or lobed, panduriform ; peduncles long ; flowers in fascicles ; sepals glabrous, mutic ; corolla tubularly— campanulate. 11. *"*. H. Native from Canada to Carolina, in sandy fields, and among bushes. Convolvulus panduratus, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 138. Pursh, fl. 1. p. 144.— Dill, elth. t. 85. f. 99. Root thick, turnip-formed. Corollas white. There is a variety of this, with double flowers, cultivated in the gardens of America, which is a singular circumstance among Convolvulaceous plants. The roots grow to an enormous size, sometimes as thick as a man's thigh, and more than 2 feet long. Taken in place of jalap, it has the same effect, only in a less degree. A variety, with entire leaves, is very common on the banks of the Arkansas, ex Nutt. FiddU-thaped-leaved Ipomoea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1732. PL tw. 145 I. SETIFERA (Poir. ency. 6. p. 17.) branches villous ; leaves cordately auriculate, glabrous ; peduncles "usually 2-flowered ; sepals large, ovate-oblong, glabrous, ending each in a bristle. £ . ? ^. S. Native of Guiana. Conv. setifer, Spreng. syst. 1 . p. 597. Plant glabrous. Auricles of leaves rounded. Corolla large, campanulate, purplish or reddish. Bristle-bearing Ipomcea. PI. tw. 146 I. MACRORHIZA; downy; leaves cordate, entire or lobed, plicately wrinkled, rather tomentose beneath ; peduncles 1-3- flowered ; sepals oval, mutic ; corolla campanulate, 5-Jobed ; seeds woolly; root very thick. Tl.^.G. Native of Georgia and Florida, near the sea-shore. Ip. Jalapa, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 146. Ker. bat. reg. t. 342. Conv. macrorhiza, Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 141. Pers. ench. 1. p. 184. Poir. diet, 6. p. 17. 1. Michauxii, Sweet, hort. brit. p. 288. Flowers very large, white. This is the Jalap of North America. 7ar. /3, rubra ; stem tubercular ; peduncles many-flowered ; sepals ovate, obtuse, downy ; filaments tomentose at the base ; f? . *"\ S. Native of Mexico, about Vera Cruz, &c. Conv. Jalapa, Lam. ill. t. 104. f. 2. Pers. ench. 1. p. 179. Woodv. med. bot. p. 59, with a figure. Plenk, off. t. 94. Desf. ann. mus. 2. p. 126. t. 40-41. Sims, bot. mag. 1572. I. Jalapa, Sweet, hort. brit. p. 288. Conv. Jalapa, ft, rosea, Ker. bot. reg. t. 621. Root very large, white inside, milky, fleshy, form of a turnip. Stems villous at top. Corolla having the tube vio- laceous inside, and hlac or pale red outside : limb purple. Stigma depressed, 2-lobed. Large-rooted Ipomrea. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1815. PI. tw. 147 I. OWARIK'NSIS (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. p. 41. t. 82.) stems, peduncles, petioles, and calyxes, beset with stiff hairs; flowers axillary, umbellate ; leaves cordate, toothed, sublobate, beset with stiff hairs; sepals ovate, acuminated. T^. '\ S. Native of Guinea, about the town of Waree. Poir. suppl. 4. p. 634. Conv. Owariensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 594. Leaves on long pe- tioles: lobes roundish. Pedicels simple, 1 -flowered, unequal, crowded together. Corolla small, campanulate, red ; lobes short, obtuse. Waree Ipomcea. PI. twining. 148 I. CATHA'RTICA (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 633.) glabrous; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, acuminated ; peduncles generally 1 -flowered ; •2/8 CONVOLVULACE^E. XIV. IPOMCEA. tube of corolla sub-cylindrical, inflated. — Native of St. Domingo, in humid places. Conv. Africanus, Nicols, hist. nat. st. dom. j>. 260. Stems twining, but sometimes rooting along the ground. Leaves large, on long petioles ; lobes unequal. Corolla an inch long, pale green ; limb large, 5-lobed, with 5 lanceolate rays beneath. Stamens unequal, shorter than the corolla. Cathartic Ipomoea. PI. tw. 149 I.FUvNis(Cham.etSchlecht. inLinnsea. 5. p. 1 18.) shrubby ; smoothish ; leaves variable, cordate, hastately cordate, ovate, and 3-lobed, with the sides angular, toothed and entire, finely acuminated, hairy beneath on the nerves and veins, and at the insertion of the petioles, with a few hairs above in the young state ; cymes on very long peduncles, 2-3 times dichotomous, with elongated branches ; sepals ovate-orbicular, obtuse, with a long weak dorsal mucrone. fj . *"\ S. Native of Mexico, in woods, near Jalapa ; also among bushes, near San Andres. Corolla somewhat salver-shaped, scarlet ; tube an inch long ; limb expanded, an inch and a half. Leaves 4 inches long. Cymes a foot or more long. Perhaps a species of Qudmoclit. Hope Ipomoea. Shrub tw. 150 I. PUNCTA'TA (Macfadyen, in Hook. bot. misc. 2. p. 116.) stems roundish, hairy ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, acuminated, hairy ; petioles hairy : hairs proceeding from purplish glands, as in the stems ; peduncles twice as long as the leaves, 6-flowered, hairy ; bracteas as long as the pedicels, linear-subulate, hairy ; calyx hairy : the hairs proceeding from roundish glands ; sepals linear-lanceolate ; stigma papillose, somewhat 3-lobed. ©. ? *"*. S. Native of Jamaica. Dotted Ipomcea. PI. twining. 151 I. PORTORICE'NSIS ; leaves deeply cordate, somewhat 3- lobed, glabrous : lateral ones very short ; peduncles usually 3- flowered, shorter than the leaves ; sepals lanceolate ; tube of corolla inflated. 1{..?''\S. Native of Porto Rico. Conv6lvulus Portoricensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 595. Porto Rico Ipomcea. PL twining. 152 I. JAMAICE'NSIS ; leaves deeply cordate, 3-lobed, sinuated, villous beneath, canescent ; peduncles 1 -flowered, shorter than the leaves, and are, as well as the sepals, which are lanceolate, glabrous. If. . ? ^. S. Native of Jamaica. Convolvulus Jamai- censis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 595. Jamaica Ipomcea. PL twining. 153 I. RUDOLPHI (Roam, et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 222.) leaves cordate and 3-lobed ; peduncles 2-flowered ; bracteas and brac- teoles lanceolate; the 3 outer sepals the largest. ©.? ^ S. Native of St. Domingo. Ip. bracteata, Ledeb. dec. pi. doming, no. 4, but not of Cav. nor Rcem. et Schultes. Rudolphe's Ipomcea. PL tw. 154 I. MUTA'BILIS (Ker, bot. reg. t. 39.) downy ; leaves cor- date, entire or 3-lobed, acuminated, beset with adpressed hairs above, roughish tomentose beneath ; flowers numerous, cymosely aggregate on the tops of the peduncles ; cymes generally aggre- gate ; calyx close, villous, nearly equal, loose above. Jj . '"'. S. Native of South America. Conv. mutabilis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. .593. Root and stems purple. Corolla large blue ; limb cam- panulate ; Lobes roundish, cleft at apex. Stamens bearded at the base. Stigma granulately globose. Perhaps a species of Pharbllis. Nearly allied to I. congesta, R. Br. prod. 1. p. 485. which is probably Conv. multiflbrus, Banks, herb. Changeable-flowered Ipomoea. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1812. Shrub tw. 155 I. BRACTEA'TA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 227.) stem a little hairy at top ; leaves glabrous, cordate, nearly entire, and 3-lobed, hastate, attenuated; peduncles 1 -flowered, length of petioles ; outer sepals form of bracteas. ©. ^. S. Native of the East Indies. Conv. bracteatus, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 25. \Yilld.spec.l.p.850. Nearly allied to I. platanifolia. Leaves 2 inches long, intermediate lobe lanceolate, attenuated, entire ; lateral ones broader, rounded upwards, entire, or retusely some- what lobed outside. Bracteas 2, opposite under the calyx, lan- ceolate, acute. Calyx downy. Corolla villous outside, silky ; limb 5-lobed. 2?rac/eate-flowered Ipomcea. PL tw. 156 I. ACUMINA'TA (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 228.) stem beset with a few adpressed hairs ; leaves glabrous, cordate, en- tire and 3-lobed, acuminated ; peduncles elongated, many- flowered, glabrous ; sepals lanceolate, attenuated, glabrous : inner ones shorter. ©•? '"'• S. Native of the Island of Santa Cruz. Conv. acuminatus, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 26. Willd. spec. 1. p. 851. Leaves 4 inches long; lateral lobes lanceolate; in- termediate one ovate, attenuated. Corollas large, campanulate, purple, with a pale bottom, and 5 lanceolate, excurrent, paler rays at the margins ; stigma capitate. Acuminaled-leavcd Ipomcea. PL tw. 157 I. TRICHOCA'RPA (Ell. fl. car. 2. p. 260.) plant smooth- ish ; leaves deeply 3-lobed or entire ; peduncles usually 2- flowered ; sepals oval-lanceolate, pilose ; corollas short ; cap- sule globose, hairy. 0. /'\ H. Native of Carolina, in hedges. Conv. Carolinus, Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 139. Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 563. Ip. commutata, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 228. Conv. trichocarpus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 593. Ipomce'a Carolina, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 145. — Dill. elth. p. 100. t. 84. f. 98. Bracteas subulate. Corolla large, pale purple. Hairy-fruited Ipomcea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1 732. PL tw. 158 1. LONGIFLOHA (R. Br. 1. c.) leaves cordate, undivided or 3-lobed, acute ; petioles biglandular beneath at the apex ; pedun- cles 1-3-flowered, thickened in the fruit-bearing state ; sepals somewhat unequal, obtuse, mutic ; corollas very long. I/ . ^. S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Ip. macrantha, Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 251. Conv. longiflorus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 595. Long-Jlotvered Ipomcea. PL tw. § 5. Leaves palmately, digitately, or pedately lobed; rarely trifid, or 3-lobed. Flowers not in heads. Capsules and sepals mid- dle-sized. * Peduncles \-3-floivered. 159 I. COPTICA (Roth, nov. spec. p. 110. Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 471.) plant herbaceous, smooth ; leaves palmate or pedate ; leaflets serrated, glabrous ; petioles com- pressed, stipulaceous at the base ; peduncles 1 -2-flowered, ex- ceeding the petioles ; sepals rugosely muricate, glabrous. 0. '"'. S. Native of Senegal, East Indies, and Cuba. Ip. Brunetii, Pers. cat. mss. no. 150. Ip. verrucosa, Ort. dec. p. 10.? Ip. dissecta, Heyne, herb. Conv. Copticus, Lin. mant. p. 559. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 62. Conv. stipulatus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 546. Conv. dissectus, Wall. cat. no. 1351. Stem angular, prostrate, rather long. Leaves palmate or pedate ; outer lobes the shortest, and usually bifid : middle ones ovate-lanceolate, acute. Sepals ovate-oblong. Corolla white, tubular, 4-5 lines long, glabrous ; lobes acute. Seeds glabrous. Coptic Ipomcea. PL prostrate. 160 I. PENTADA'CTYLIS (Choisy, in mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 471.) herbaceous ; leaves quinate ; leaflets linear-lanceolate or linear, petiolulate, entire, glabrous, obtuse ; peduncles exceeding the petioles, 1-2-flowered; sepals glabrous, ovate, obtuse, une- qual ; outer ones the shortest. ©. r*. S. Native of the East Indies, as on Mount Taong-Dong, near Ava. Conv. pentadactylis, Wall. cat. no. 1367. Conv. tenuifolius, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 33. Stem terete. Leaves decreasing in size to the tops of the stems. Corolla tubularly campanulate, glabrous, with the limb hardly spreading. Capsule and seeds glabrous. CONVOLVULACE.E. XIV. IPOMOSA. 279 Var. ft; stem and petioles clothed with long, straight, rufous hairs ; leaves a little larger. Five-Jingered-\eaved Ipomcea. PI. tw. 161 1. HORSFA'LLI.E (Hook. hot. mag. 3315.) glabrous; leaves quinaiely digitate : leaflets lanceolate, quite entire, with undulated margins ; peduncles about as long as the petioles, bearing dichotomous cymes of flowers; sepals imbricate, obtuse, equal ; corolla funnel-shaped. Tf. . /"\ S. Native of Africa, or the East Indies. Corolla of a deep, rich, and glossy rose colour. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed, hairy. Filaments glabrous, upon a hairy scale or gland, which is vaulted beneath. Leaflets gene- rally 5, rarely 6-7. Perhaps a species of Batatas, or a new genus from the vaulted scale at the base of each filament. Horsfall's Ipomcea. Fl. Dec. Jan. Clt. 1833. PI. tw. 162 I. ENNEA'LOBA (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. p. 69. t. 101.) stem angular ; leaves palmately 9-lobed : lobes unequal ; peduncles 3-flowered ; corollas purple. 1£. '~\ S. Native of Guinea, at Chama. Nearly allied to /. almata, Forsk, but is without any digitate stipulas. Corolla with the tube narrow at the base, and swollen at top. Nine-lobcd-\eaved Ipomcea. PI. twining. 163 I. PULCHE'LLA (Roth, nov. spec. p. 115.) herbaceous, glabrous ; leaves quinate ; leaflets sometimes entire, sometimes bifid : all elliptic-ovate, petiolate, mucronulate at apex ; pedun- cles about equal in length to the petioles, 1-2-flowered; sepals glabrous : inner ones obtuse : outer ones shorter, acutish ; seeds villous. 1J. . ^\ S. Native of the East Indies, at Pagamew and Segaen, &c. Conv. bellus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 590. Conv. heptaphyllus, Rottl. ex Willd. act. nat. cur. 4. p. 196. Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 66. Conv. digitatus, Roxb. ex Wall. cat. no. 1353. Conv. dasyspermus, Spreng. Wight, herb. Conv. venosus, Madr. herb. Stem terete. Petioles tubercled. Corolla an inch long, funnel-shaped, small, pale pink, with the bottom of the bell deeper coloured. Capsule glabrous. This is a beautiful delicate, though extensive plant, and uncommonly interesting on account of its slender, pendulous, spiral peduncles, with their pretty small pink flowers, standing erect on their thickened curved apexes. Pretty Ipomcea. PI. tw. loi I. TUBERCULA'TA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 208. Choisy, 1. c. p. 474.) stem glabrous, verrucosely muricated ; leaves quinate ; lobes lanceolate, mucronate, entire : outer ones often bifid ; petioles stipulaceous ; peduncles usually 1-3- flowered, longer than the leaves ; sepals obtuse, unequal, ovate- oblong, with membranous edges ; corolla campanulate, rose- coloured, 2 inches ; seeds glabrous, ex Choisy ; woolly on the convex side, ex Wall. l/.^. S. Native of the East Indies, China ; Sandwich Islands ; South America ; Para, Monte Video, and Rio Janeiro, in Brazil ; and of the province of Caraccas, on the bank of Lake Tacarigua, where it is called Vejaqwlo by the natives. Ip. stipulate, Jacq. scheenb. 2. p. 39. t. 199. Ip. fru- tescens, Desf. cat. par. p. 74. Ip. tubercuiosa, Desf. cat. par. p. 74. Ip. tuberosa, Lour. coch. 112. ed. Willd. l.p. 138. Conv. tuberculatus, Desr. in Lam. diet. 3. p. 545. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 108. Conv. digitatus, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 65. Roem. et Schukes, syst. 4. p. 303. Flowers purple, size of those of Batatas paniculata. Very nearly allied to Ipamoea C airica, Tubercled-stemmed Ipomcea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1818. PI. twining. 165 I. AMPELOPSIFOLIA ; glabrous, except the petioles, which are glandularly downy ; leaves quinate ; leaflets lanceolate, ser- rated, cuspidate; peduncles 1-3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; sepals ovate, obtuse, mutic, each furnished with a dorsal mucrone ; outer ones rather the shortest. Tf..^. S. Native of Mexico, near Vera Cruz, among bushes. Conv. ampelopsi- folius, Cham, et Schlecht. in Linnaea, 5. p. 118. Ampelopsis-leared Ipomcea. PI. twining. 166 I. OPERCULA'TA (Mart, reise. bras, ex Linnsea, 5. p. 40.) glabrous ; stems winged ; leaves pedately 5-parted ; segments broad-lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, or repandly toothed : pedicels solitary or twin, winged ; capsule compressed, globose, circumcised. % . °. 8, Native of Brazil. Conv. operculatus, Gomez, mem. corresp. acad. lisb. 1812. p. 27. icone. Operculate-capsuled Ipomcea. PI. tw. 167 I. DASYSPE'RMA (Jacq. eclog. 1. p. 132. t. 89.) herba- ceous, smooth ; leaves tripartite ; segments trifid : the larger ones pinnately 5-lobed, with the lower lobes bifid, all glabrous ; peduncles 1 -3-flowered, shorter than the petioles ; sepals ovate, obtuse, unequal, and as if they were cordately spurred at the base before flowering: outer ones the shortest. Q. ^. S. Na- tive of the East Indies, China, New Holland. Ip. tuberculata, Ker. bot. reg. t. 86, but not of Rcem. et Schultes. Conv. dasy- sperma, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 591. Conv. pedatus, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 63. Stipulas small, filiform, pedate. Flowers in profu- sion, pretty large, of a bright sulphur colour. Pedicels clavate. Seeds pilose on the ribs. " Leaves pedately tripinnate. Calyx waned," ex Roxb, &c. Thick-seeded Ipomcea. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1815. PI. tw. 168 I. DISSE'CTA (R. Br. prod. p. 487.) glabrous; leaves pal- mate, 7-parted ; segments linear, dentately pinnatifid : middle segment elongated ; peduncles 1-2-flowered ; calyx half the length of the corolla; sepals ovate, with crested nerves. Q. *"*. G. Native on the shores of New Holland, within the tropic. Corolla white, 1 inch long, a little longer than the calyx. Dissected- leaved Ipomcea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1813. PI. twining. 169 I. SINCA'TA (Orteg. dec. 7. p. 84.) stem, petioles, and peduncles very pilose ; leaves glabrous, deeply 7-parted ; segments sinuated or pinnatifid; peduncles 1 -flowered, longer than the leaves ; sepals oval, glabrous, acute, nearly equal ; co- rollas campanulate. I/ . *"\ H. Native of Georgia and Florida, on calcareous hills ; and of Cuba, near Havannah, and Regla, in cultivated places. Ip. dissecta, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 145. Conv. dissectus, Lin. mant. p. 204. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 139. Jacq. obs. 2. p. 4. t. 28. hort. vind. t. 159. Corollas white, with a reddish throat. Sinuated-letLved Ipomcea. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1813. PI. twining. 170 I. QUINQUE'LOBA (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 268.) glabrous; leaves palmately 5-lobed: lobes finely serrulated, obtuse ; axils of leaves hairy ; peduncles length of petioles, bractless ; sepals obtuse, glabrous. If. . ? /"\ S. Native of the Island of Santa Cruz. Conv. quinquelobus, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 32. Willd. spec. 1 . p. 863. Nearly allied to /. Cairica and Ip. stipulata, but differs, in the leaves being smaller, and the peduncles 1- flowered, &c. Lateral lobes of leaves narrower, mucronate. Stipulas 2, small. Corolla subcampanulate, gla- brous, purple. Fice-lobed-\eaved Ipomcea. PI. tw. 171 I. PE'NDULA (R. Br. prod.p. 486.) glabrous ; stems trailing or creeping; leaves quinately digitate ; leaflets lanceolate, mucro- nulate, with entire edges : outer leaflets undivided or bifid ; peduncles 1-3-flowered; sepals nearly equal, obtuse, 3 times shorter than the corolla. fj . G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic ; and in New South Wales, about Port Jackson ; as well as of New Caledonia, and the Island of Tanna. Conv. mucronatus, Forst. prod. no. 79. Conv. pendulus, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 590. "Lobes of leaves ciliated, mucronate; peduncles 1- flowered." Forst. 280 CONVOLVULACE^E. XIV. IPOMOSA. Pendulous-fiowered Ipomcea. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 180.5. PL trailing. 172 I. PINNATIFIDA ; glabrous ; leaves pinnately 7-cleft ; segments lanceolate, acuminated, almost quite entire ; peduncles 1-2-flowered, longer than the leaves; sepals roundish-concave, nearly equal, glabrous. I/ . ^. S. Native of Cuba, betwixt Havannah and Regla. Conv. pinnatifidus, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 108. Stem angularly striated. Leaves ovate in cir- cumference, 2 inches long. Leaflets sometimes furnished with one or two teeth, or quite entire ; intermediate one large, and the lateral ones becoming gradually smaller. Corolla downy outside. Pinnatifid-]eave